hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Konstantinov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Konstantinov  (Russian: Николай Николаевич Константинов; 2 January 1932 – 3 July 2021) was a leading Soviet and Russian mathematical educator and organizer of numerous mathematics competitions for high school students.  He is best known as the creator of the system of math schools and math classes and as the creator and chief organizer of the Tournament of the Towns. For his work he was awarded the Paul Erdős award in 1992.

Mathematical olympiad
A mathematical olympiad is a mathematical competition where participants are examined by problem-solving and may win medals depending on their performance. It is usually aimed at pre-university students, and therefore, much of olympiad mathematics consists of elementary mathematics, though solutions may involve the use of calculus or higher-level mathematics. The biggest mathematics olympiad is the International Mathematical Olympiad. Since they measure some mathematical abilities of the students, They identify talented or gifted students in mathematics, who often receive opportunities for scholarships at universities.
Dracula (1983 video game)
Dracula is a 1983 video game by Imagic for the Intellivision. In the game, the player controls Dracula who must attack his victims at night before sunrise and return to his coffin. Along the way, he must avoid enemies such as vultures, wolves and the police.

Contemporary reviews of the game mentioned the graphics and gameplay unique to the Intellivision, with some viewers commenting on the level of violence.

Electronic Games
Electronic Games was the first dedicated video game magazine published in the United States and ran from October 15, 1981, to 1997 under different titles. It was co-founded by Bill Kunkel, Joyce Worley, and Arnie Katz.
MasterChef (Brazilian TV series) season 3
The third season of the Brazilian competitive reality television series MasterChef premiered on March 15, 2016 at 10:30 p.m. on Band.

Entrepreneur Leonardo Young won the competition over teacher Bruna Chaves on August 23, 2016.

Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics was the 14th edition of the event at an Olympic Games, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 6 to 20 August 2016.

China won their third gold by defeating Serbia in the final. The United States won bronze by winning against the Netherlands.

The medals for the competition were presented by Yu Zaiqing, People's Republic of China; Anita DeFrantz, United States of America; and Chang Ung, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; members of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Ary Graça, Cristóbal Marte Hoffiz and Aleksandar Boričić, President and Executive Vice-Presidents of the FIVB.
Guillermo Angaut
Guillermo Pablo Angaut (born 10 January 1965 in La Plata) is a former Argentine rugby union player. He played as a fullback. He is professionally an ophthalmologist.

Angaut played all his career at La Plata Rugby Club, from 1983 to 1999. He won the Torneo de la URBA in 1995. He was La Plata captain from 1990 to 1996.

He had seven caps for Argentina, from 1987 to 1991, without ever scoring. He was called for the 1987 Rugby World Cup, where he had his first game for the "Pumas", in the 46-15 loss to New Zealand at 1 June 1987, in Wellington. The same year he won the 1987 South American Rugby Championship. His last game for Argentina came at the 1991 Rugby World Cup in a 35-12 loss to Samoa, on 13 October 1991, in Pontypridd, Wales. He was never called again for the national team.

1987 South American Rugby Championship
The 1987 South American Rugby Championship was the 15th edition of the competition of the leading national rugby union teams in South America.

The tournament was played in Santiago, and was won by Argentina.
The Arena (2001 film)
The Arena is a direct-to-video film from producer Roger Corman on the subject of female gladiators. It is a remake of the 1974 The Arena with Pam Grier. It was shot in Russia by Kazakh  director Timur Bekmambetov with a Russian crew and it featured Playboy Playmates Karen McDougal and Lisa Dergan, in their feature film debut, playing Amazon slaves forced to be gladiators in battles staged in a Roman arena by sadistic Roman Governor Timarchus.

Gladiatrix
The gladiatrix (pl.: gladiatrices) was a female gladiator of ancient Rome. Like their male counterparts, gladiatrices fought each other, or wild animals, to entertain audiences at games and festivals (ludi).

Very little is known about female gladiators. They seem to have used much the same equipment as men, but were few in number and almost certainly considered an exotic rarity by their audiences. They are mentioned in literary sources from the end of the  Roman Republic and early Roman Empire, and are attested in only a few inscriptions. Female gladiators were officially banned as unseemly from 200 AD onwards, but the word gladiatrix does not appear until late antiquity.
Anopheles aitkenii
Anopheles aitkenii is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. The species group (Reid and Knight, 1961) is composed of forest forms with small unornamented brown adults, where the females usually indistinguishable. Female feed on vertebrate blood and known to cause simian malaria and filariasis.

Filariasis
Filariasis is a filarial infection caused by parasitic nematodes (roundworms) spread by different vectors. They are included in the list of neglected tropical diseases.

The most common type is lymphatic filariasis caused by three species of Filaria that are spread by mosquitoes. Other types of filariasis are onchocerciasis also known as river blindness caused by Onchocerca volvulus; Loa loa filariasis (Loiasis) caused by Loa loa; Mansonelliasis caused by three species of Mansonella, and  Dirofilariasis caused by two types of Dirofilaria. All of these worms belong to the superfamily Filarioidea.
Rene Mandri
Rene Mandri (born 20 January 1984 in Jõgeva) is an Estonian former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2006 and 2012, with the Auber 93, Ag2r–La Mondiale and Endura Racing teams. He had a life-threatening crash in 2008 Giro d'Italia Stage 6. He has been working as cycling coach since 2014 and he is a recognized Sports Organisation Leader in Estonia with an IOC diploma. He created Cycling Tartu, a club to develop cycling in the Baltics. and was the U23 coach in Estonian Cyclists Union.

He now works as a directeur sportif for UCI ProTeam NSN Cycling Team. He previously worked as a team manager for UCI Continental team Voltas–Tartu 2024 by CCN. He expressed his regret that protesters against the Israeli–Palestinian conflict hindered his team's ability to participate in Giro dell'Emilia.

Decathlon CMA CGM Team
Decathlon CMA CGM (UCI team code: DCT) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status. Its title sponsors are French sporting goods retailer Decathlon and French shipping and logistics company CMA CGM. The team is predominantly French.
Minister of Tourism and Culture (The Gambia)
Appointed by the President of Gambia, The Minister of Tourism and Culture is a cabinet position in the Gambia that oversees the Ministry of Tourism and Culture.

Specifically responsible for the Gambia Tourism Authority, the National Council for Arts and Culture, Arch 22, and the Gambia Hotel School. The Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MOTC) oversees the tourism sector and its associated government policies.

In Banjul and other regional institutions, the Minister is assisted by a team of civil servants.  The chief adviser is the Permanent Secretary, who is also an accounting officer. There is also a Deputy Permanent Secretary who acts as the chief of staff of the ministry.

Arch 22
Arch 22 is a commemorative arch on the road into Banjul in the Gambia. It was built in 1996 to mark the military coup d'état of July 22, 1994, through which Yahya Jammeh and his Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council overthrew the democratically elected Gambian government of President Dawda Jawara.

The arch stands on the Banjul-Serrekunda Highway, near the traffic island at the intersection with Box Bar Road, Independence Drive, and Marina Parade. A statue of the "unknown soldier" can be seen near the base of the arch: the soldier has a rifle strapped to his back and carries a baby in one hand while signaling victory (making a V-sign) with the other.

Arch 22 is depicted on the back of the 100-dalasis banknote.
CIAT Group
The Compagnie Industrielle d'Applications Thermiques, or CIAT Group, is an HVAC equipment manufacturer, founded in 1934.

The headquarters and main industrial site are located in France, in Culoz department of Ain, between Lyon and Geneva. A second large industrial facility is located in Montilla, in Cordoba, Spain, where several HVAC products, such as rooftop units, are manufactured and engineered. A large research and development center including a test laboratory, is also present there.

Montilla
Montilla (Spanish pronunciation: [monˈtiʎa]) is a town and municipality of Spain, located in the autonomous community of Andalusia. As of 2017, the town had a population of 23,209, which makes it the fourth most populated municipality of the Province of Córdoba. It lies 32 miles south of the provincial capital, Córdoba.
Unruly Qiao
Unruly Qiao (Chinese: 刁蛮俏御医; pinyin: Diāomán qiào yù yī), also known as Royal Johnson Physician, Unruly Qiao Physician, or My Bratty Princess Spinoff, is a 2011 Chinese television series starring Jang Na-ra, Tae, and Gao Hao. It is produced by Shanghai New Culture Investment Group Co. Ltd., and was shot from September 8 to November 19, 2010 in Hengdian World Studios in Zhejiang.

Hengdian World Studios
Hengdian World Studios (Chinese: 横店影视城; pinyin: Héngdiàn Yǐngshìchéng) is a film studio located in Hengdian, a Chinese town in the city of Dongyang, Zhejiang Province. It is one of the largest film studios in the world. The movie studio is operated by the privately owned Hengdian Group
founded by Xu Wenrong. Xu turned acres of farmland in central Zhejiang into one of the largest movie studios in Asia. Construction began in the mid-1990s and has been ongoing ever since with the completed addition of the replica of the Old Summer Palace called the Hengdian Yuanmingyuan. A film about extras working at the studio, I Am Somebody, was released in China in 2015.
Khader Hamad
Khader Hamad (Arabic: خضر حمد; 1910 – 1970) was a Sudanese politician. He was one of the founders of the Graduates' General Congress in 1938 which advocated for Sudan independence. He was a prominent employee in the Ministry of Finance in Khartoum until 1946, after which he represent Sudan in the Arab League.

With the growing activity of the National Movement in Sudan, Hamad decided to leave his job in the Arab League in 1951. Khader Hamad held several ministerial positions and was a member of the Democratic Unionist Party. He became a member of the Sovereignty Council on 10 June 1965. The council came after general parliamentary elections in 1965, and was chaired by Ismail al-Azhari. The Council was dissolved on 25 May 1969 after Lieutenant General Jaafar al-Numeiri's 1969 coup.

Hamad's book This is Freemasonry (Arabic: هذه هى الماسونية) was published in May 1969.

Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)
The Republic of Sudan was established as an independent sovereign state upon the termination of the condominium of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, over which sovereignty had been vested jointly in Egypt and the United Kingdom. On December 19, 1955, the Sudanese parliament, under Ismail al-Azhari's leadership, unanimously adopted a declaration of independence that became effective on January 1, 1956. During the early years of the Republic, despite political divisions, a parliamentary system was established with a five-member Supreme Commission as head of state. In 1958, after a military coup, General Ibrahim Abboud was installed as president. This government was disestablished when a coup led by Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry founded the Democratic Republic of Sudan in 1969.
Colin Frangicetto
Colin Frangicetto (born July 3, 1981) is a musician and painter from Langhorne, Pennsylvania. He is currently one of two guitarists in the experimental rock outfit Circa Survive, sole musician in Psychic Babble and previously in the band This Day Forward.

Langhorne Borough, Pennsylvania
Langhorne Borough, formerly known as Attleboro, is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,643 at the time of the 2020 census.

The mailing address "Langhorne" is used for Langhorne Borough but also broadly describes the majority of surrounding Middletown Township, which for the most part uses Langhorne's ZIP code of 19047. Sesame Place, while physically located in Middletown Township, has Langhorne as its mailing address. The Langhorne post office also services the northeastern part of Lower Southampton Township, which uses the ZIP code 19053.

Langhorne Borough is approximately six miles west of the Delaware River.

Langhorne Manor is a separate borough that borders Langhorne Borough proper to the south.
The Gangs of New York
The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld is an American non-fiction book by Herbert Asbury, first published in 1928 by Alfred A. Knopf.

In 1927, Asbury published an article in The American Mercury, titled "The Old-Time Gangs of New York", which was ultimately incorporated into the book published the following year. Drawing on the muckraking style of the era, the author wrote based on "legend, memory, police records, the self-aggrandizements of aging crooks, popular journalism, and solid historical research", to present an illuminating account of the gangs of old New York that ultimately gave rise to the Mafia as we know it today, from films like The Godfather.

The book formed the basis for a number of films, including Gangs of New York (1938) and Martin Scorsese's 2002 Academy Award nominated film Gangs of New York, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Cameron Diaz.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Shooter's sandwich
The shooter's sandwich is a steak sandwich consisting of cooked steak and mushrooms placed inside a hollowed-out loaf of bread and then weighted down. This popular English sandwich is likened to beef Wellington using bread rather than pastry.

A shooter's sandwich is prepared by filling a long, hollowed-out loaf of bread with cooked filet mignon steak, cooked mushrooms, salt, and pepper. Weights are then placed atop the sandwich to squeeze it down. Typically the sandwich is weighted down overnight, which causes meat juices to soak into the bread.

Other cuts of beef, such as rump steak, ribeye, and sirloin are also used to prepare the item. Cooked onions or shallots are sometimes used, as is duxelles, a sautéed preparation of mushrooms, onions or shallots, and herbs, reduced to a paste. Dijon mustard and horseradish are sometimes used as accompanying condiments.

Horseradish
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is likely native to Southeastern Europe and Western Asia.
The Contender Challenge: UK vs. USA
The Contender Challenge: UK vs. USA is a series of boxing matches on 30 March 2007, held at Metro Radio Arena, Newcastle, England. Six boxers from the US reality television shows The Contender and The Contender 2, in a team coached by Sugar Ray Leonard, took on six boxers from the UK, all promoted by Frank Warren, and coached by Barry McGuigan. The winning team was awarded the "Sugar Ray Leonard Cup", not unlike the Ryder Cup in Golf

The bouts was the basis of a TV series broadcast in the US by ESPN and in the UK by ITV4, with six episodes, beginning on 10 April 2007, with commentary by the well-known ESPN team of Joe Tessitore and Teddy Atlas, with the British boxing commentator John Rawling joining. Leonard and McGuigan provided some analysis through the fight as well.

The master of ceremonies throughout the tournament was Michael Pass.

Newcastle Arena
The Newcastle Arena (currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Utilita Arena) is an indoor arena in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Owned and operated by ASM Global, the naming rights are currently held by Utilita Energy.

Having also had various professional basketball and ice hockey teams as tenants for much of its history, since 2009 it has had no ice hockey team after the departure of the Newcastle Vipers to the Whitley Bay Ice Rink, and no basketball team since the departure of the Newcastle Eagles to Northumbria University's Sport Central arena in 2010.
Ranni Forest Division
The Ranni Forest Division in Kerala, India, was constituted on 7 July 1958, comprising the Ranni, Vadasserikkara and Goodrical ranges, with its headquarters at Ranni. It covers the parts of Konni reserve forest and the reserves of Ranni, Goodrical, Rajampara, Karimkulam, Kumaramperoor, Valiyakavu, and Schettakkal. It covers an area of 1,059 square kilometres (409 sq mi). It is the largest forest division by area in Kerala

Chittar, Kerala
Chittar is a village in Pathanamthitta district, located in Kerala state, India. It is a Panchayat and is situated in the Konni Thaluk. It is part of the Konni state legislative constituency and of the Pathanamthitta Lok Sabha constituency. Chittar was given the Nirmal Gram award from former president Pratibha Patil.
2024 World Junior-B Curling Championships
The 2024 World Junior-B Curling Championships were held from December 8 to 19 at the Kisakallio Sports Institute in Lohja, Finland. The top three men's teams (South Korea, Switzerland, Japan) and top three women's teams (South Korea, Latvia, China) qualified for the 2025 World Junior Curling Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.

2025 World Junior Curling Championships
The 2025 World Junior Curling Championships were held from April 12 to 21 at the Cortina Curling Olympic Stadium in Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. The championship also acted as the test event for curling at the Milano Cortina 2026 Olympic Winter Games.
Native American ethnobotany
Indigenous peoples of North America used various plants for different purposes. For lists pertaining specifically to the Cherokee, Iroquois, Navajo, and Zuni, see Cherokee ethnobotany, Iroquois ethnobotany, Navajo ethnobotany, and Zuni ethnobotany.

Navajo
The Navajo are an Indigenous People of the Southwestern United States. Their language is Navajo (Navajo: Diné bizaad), a Southern Athabascan language.

The states with the largest Diné populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,305). More than three-quarters of the Diné population resides in these two states.

The overwhelming majority of Diné are enrolled in the Navajo Nation. Some Diné are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes, another federally recognized tribe.

With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal citizens as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States. The Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia.
Alfred Reeves
Bishop Alfred Garpee Reeves (died 8 May 2009) was a Liberian politician and clergyman. Reeves was a bishop in the Church of God in Christ and a member of the National Reformation Party (NRP). He was also co-chair of Lifewater Liberia, a branch of a Canada-based non-government organization.

In January 1986 he took part in a delegation to the United States, apparently with the intention of improving the image of Liberia's government, which was then led by Samuel Doe.

Running as the NRP presidential candidate in the 11 October 2005 elections, Reeves finished last out of 22 candidates, receiving 0.3% of the vote.

Reeves died on 8 May 2009 at Duside Hospital in Firestone District, Margibi County.

Duside Hospital
Duside Hospital is a hospital in Firestone District, Margibi County, Liberia. It holds 300 beds and is operated by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. It reopened in December 2008 and in January 2010, was considered one of the best hospitals in Liberia.
Wind profiler
A wind profiler is a type of weather observing equipment that uses radar, sound waves (SODAR), or lasers (LIDAR) to detect the wind speed and direction at various elevations above the ground. Readings are made at each kilometer above sea level, up to the extent of the troposphere (i.e., between 8 and 17 km above mean sea level). Above this level there is inadequate water vapor present to produce a radar "bounce." The data synthesized from wind direction and speed is very useful to meteorological forecasting and timely reporting for flight planning. A twelve-hour history of data is available through NOAA websites.

Wind speed
In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in temperature. Wind speed is now commonly measured with an anemometer.

Wind speed affects weather forecasting, aviation and maritime operations, construction projects, growth and metabolism rates of many plant species, and has countless other implications. Wind direction is usually almost parallel to isobars (and not perpendicular, as one might expect), due to Earth's rotation.
Hamilton Standard
Hamilton Standard was an American aircraft propeller parts supplier. It was formed in 1929 when United Aircraft and Transport Corporation consolidated Hamilton Aero Manufacturing and Standard Steel Propeller into the Hamilton Standard Propeller Corporation.  Other members of United Aircraft included Boeing, United Airlines, Sikorsky and Pratt & Whitney.  At the time, Hamilton was the largest manufacturer of aircraft propellers in the world.

Propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, an aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew, converts rotary motion from an engine or other power source into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forwards or backwards. It comprises a rotating power-driven hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, or of the automatically variable "constant-speed" type.

The propeller attaches to the power source's driveshaft either directly or through reduction gearing. Propellers can be made from wood, metal or composite materials.

Propellers are only useful at subsonic airspeeds generally below about 480 mph (770 km/h), although a speed of Mach 1.01 in a dive was achieved, with a propeller efficiency of 78%, by the McDonnell XF-88B experimental propeller-equipped aircraft.