hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hugh Bethell (died 1717)
Hugh Bethell (c. 1648 – 2 February 1717), of Rise, Yorkshire, was an English politician.

He was Mayor of Hedon in 1683–84. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Hedon in the period 3 December 1695 – 1700.

Hedon (UK Parliament constituency)
Hedon, sometimes spelt Heydon, was a parliamentary borough in the East Riding of Yorkshire, represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons briefly in the 13th century and again from 1547 to 1832.
Satiric misspelling
A satiric misspelling is the intentional misspelling of a word, phrase, or name for rhetorical effect. This can be achieved through techniques such as intentional malapropism (e.g. replacing erection for election), enallage (using incorrect grammar for effect, e.g., "we was robbed!"), or simply replacing one letter or symbol for another (e.g., using k instead of c), or symbol ($ instead of s).

Satiric misspelling is common today in informal writing on the Internet but also appears in serious political writing aimed at critiquing or opposing the status quo.

Status quo
Status quo is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, economic, legal, environmental, political, religious, scientific or military issues. In the sociological sense, the status quo refers to the current state of social structure or values. With regard to policy debate, it means how conditions are contrasted with a possible change. For example: "The countries are now trying to maintain the status quo with regard to their nuclear arsenals." To maintain the status quo is to keep things the way they presently are.

The related phrase status quo ante, literally 'the status before', refers to the state of affairs that existed previously.
Scratchcard Lanyard
"Scratchcard Lanyard" is a song by the English post-punk band Dry Cleaning, released on 19 November 2020 as their debut for the record label 4AD and lead single for their debut album New Long Leg (2021). It was produced by John Parish.

Florence Shaw
Florence Cleopatra Shaw is an English vocalist, lyricist, visual artist, and former arts lecturer. She is primarily known as the vocalist and lyricist for the post-punk band Dry Cleaning, with whom she has released three albums: New Long Leg (2021), Stumpwork (2022), and Secret Love (2026).
Glenmore, County Kilkenny
Glenmore is a village in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It lies just off the N25 road close to the border between County Kilkenny and County Wexford. Glenmore GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club, and Glenmore National School is the local primary (national) school. Saint James's Catholic Church in Glenmore was built in 1813.

N25 road (Ireland)
The N25 road is a national primary road in Ireland, forming the route from Cork to Rosslare Europort via Waterford City. The road is part of the E30 European route and a short section is also part of the E01 European route. It forms part of the proposed Atlantic Corridor route.
Mohammad al-Shirazi
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi (Arabic: محمد الحسيني الشيرازي; Persian: محمد حسينى شيرازى; August 31, 1928 – December 17, 2001), commonly known as Imam Shirazi, was an Iraqi Shia marja' and political activist.

Najaf
Najaf is the capital city of the eponymous Najaf Governorate in central Iraq, about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2024 was about 1.41 million people. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, as well as the center of Shia political power in Iraq.

It is the burial place of Muhammad's son in law and cousin, ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, and thus a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. The largest cemetery in the world (Wadi-us-Salaam) and the oldest Shi'a Islamic seminary in the world (Hawza of Najaf) are located in Najaf.
Charles Wortham Brook
Charles Wortham Brook CBE (1901–1983)  was a London GP and an elected member of the London County Council.

He was born in Lincoln into a comfortably established middle-class family of Tory views. His father was an ophthalmologist. He was secretary of the Cambridge University Socialist Society.  He married Iris Beynon, a nurse while he was training at St Bartholomew's Hospital.

He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1925. He wrote to the Daily Herald in 1930 inviting doctors "who might be interested in forming a body of socialist doctors" to contact him.  This led to the foundation of the Socialist Medical Association in 1930 and he became its secretary, serving until 1938.  He is credited with being the main architect of the Spanish Medical Aid Committee.

He was a co-founder of the Royal College of General Practitioners in 1952.

He lived at Mottingdeane, High Road, Mottingham, London, SE9.

Daily Herald (United Kingdom)
The Daily Herald was a British daily newspaper, published daily in London from 1912 to 1964 (although it was weekly during the First World War).   It was published in the interest of the labour movement and supported the Labour Party. It underwent several changes of management before ceasing publication in 1964, when it was relaunched as The Sun, in its pre-Murdoch form.
Pristine Villa
22°22′56″N 114°10′53″E﻿ / ﻿22.382341°N 114.181405°E﻿ / 22.382341; 114.181405

Pristine Villa (Chinese: 曉翠山莊) is a private housing estate located on 18 Pak Lok Path in Tao Fong Shan, Sha Tin District, Hong Kong. It was developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties and was completed in 1995.

The housing estate consists of 14 tower blocks with heights from 9 to 11 floors and 4 apartments per floor, offering a total of 498 apartments. Facilities for residents include a resident clubhouse with a swimming pool, a car park with 747 parking spaces, and shuttle bus service to New Town Plaza.

Shuttle bus
A shuttle bus is a bus that travels a shorter route in comparison to most bus routes. Typically, shuttle buses travel in both directions between two points. Shuttle buses are designed to transport large groups of people who are all travelling to and from a specific destination in a more organised manner. Shuttle buses can be used for several applications, such as transporting university students or transporting people from airports to hotels.
Charles F. Simmons (politician)
Charles F. Simmons (March 17, 1858 – November 2, 1897) was an American politician and farmer.

Born in the town of Nekimi, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, Simmons went to Oshkosh High School and then graduated from Oshkosh Business School in 1877 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Simmons was a farmer and lived in the town of Nekimi. In 1880, Simmons moved to the town of Rosendale, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, and continued to farm. Simmons served on the Rosendale Town Board and also served as chairman of the town board. He also served as the Rosendale Town Clerk and as justice of the peace. In 1889, Simmons served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. In 1893, Simmons suffered from influenza which developed into lung problems. In 1897, Simmons traveled with his wife to Tucson, Arizona Territory, to see if the climate would improve his health. Simmons died in Tucson as a result of the trip. Simmons was buried in Wisconsin.

Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona. It was created from the western half of the New Mexico Territory during the American Civil War.
Minneapolis sound
The Minneapolis sound is a subgenre of funk rock that incorporates elements of new wave and synth-pop. Started at Sound 80 with tracks like "Funkytown" by Lipps Inc. and pioneered by Minneapolis-based musician Prince and André Cymone beginning in the late 1970s, the musical style's heyday extended through the late 1980s. The style was often heard at city clubs like First Avenue  and was exemplified by Prince-affiliated acts, including the Time, Vanity 6, Apollonia 6, Sheila E., the Family, Wendy & Lisa, Brownmark, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Morris Day, and Jesse Johnson, and by acts neither affiliated with Prince nor native to Minneapolis, such as Flint, Michigan's Ready for the World.

According to the Rolling Stone Album Guide, "the Minneapolis sound... loomed over mid-'80s R&B and pop, not to mention the next two decades' worth of electro, house, and techno."

Wendy & Lisa
Wendy & Lisa (briefly known as Girl Bros.) is a music duo consisting of Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman. They began working with Prince in the early 1980s and were part of his band the Revolution, before branching out on their own and releasing their eponymous debut studio album in 1987. In recent years they have turned their attention to writing music for film and television and have won an Emmy Award.

They have released five studio albums, with their most recent album being 2008's White Flags of Winter Chimneys.
Numberjacks
Numberjacks is a British live-action/animated children's television series, aimed particularly at children aged two to five, which was formerly shown on CBeebies and occasionally on BBC Two in the United Kingdom. It was also shown on Tiny Pop until 2016. It was produced by Open Mind Productions for the BBC and features a mixture of computer-generated animation and live-action. 67 episodes were produced. The show focuses on mathematics.

Tiny Pop
Tiny Pop (styled as tiny POP) is a British FAST television channel and formerly a free-to-air children's television channel owned by Narrative Entertainment UK Limited. Broadcast on many of the major digital television platforms in the UK, Tiny Pop, which was launched on 8 September 2003 as Pop Plus, caters for a target audience of children aged 7 and under. The station broadcasts principally animated content sourced from various distributors.
Xishi railway station
Xishi railway station (Chinese: 西勢車站; pinyin: Xīshì Chēzhàn) is a railway station located in Zhutian Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan. It is located on the Pingtung line and is operated by Taiwan Railway.

Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.
Wonderly, Kansas
Wonderly is a historical community in Saline County, Kansas, US. Located in Liberty Township, it is situated approximately 18 miles from Salina, the county seat. Established as a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad, Wonderly was part of the rural development in the area during the early 20th century and was recorded as a town from 1888 to 1906.

As of 1910, the community had a population of 20 individuals and received its mail via rural delivery from Bridgeport. Today, the site of the former community is near the GPS coordinates 38.64112760967156, -97.54167425276233.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
Mikael Pedersen
Mikael Pedersen (25 October 1855 Fløng – 22 October 1929, Bispebjerg) was a Danish inventor much associated with the English town of Dursley.  He is chiefly known today for the highly distinctive Pedersen bicycle.  His story is one of rags to riches and back again, and he was largely forgotten in his native country, but fans of the Pedersen bicycle arranged for him to be reburied and a memorial erected at Dursley.

Rags to riches
Rags to riches (also rags-to-riches) refers to any situation in which a person rises from poverty to wealth, a form of social mobility. It is a frequent trope in fictional storytelling, where it is frequently portrayed as due to talent. The process can sometimes occur in real life, but the probability for any given person is very low, and depends chiefly on luck (e.g. winning a lottery) or inheritance.
Lyakhi
Lyakhi (Russian: Ля́хи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Lyakhovskoye Rural Settlement, Melenkovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,448 as of 2010. There are 17 streets.

Melenkovsky District
Melenkovsky District (Russian: Меленко́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,221 square kilometers (858 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Melenki. Population: 32,701 (2021 Census); 36,464 (2010 Census); 41,125 (2002 Census); 49,712 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Melenki accounts for 41.0% of the district's total population.
Salvation of infants
In Christian theology, the salvation of infants has been a matter of speculation and diverse opinions. While some believe that all those who die in infancy are saved, others believe that people only have certainty regarding some of these infants.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Catocala junctura
Catocala junctura, the joined underwing or Stretch's underwing, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found throughout temperate North America, ranging from New York and Pennsylvania west to Montana, Colorado, Oklahoma, Arizona, and into Texas, and north to southern Illinois, extreme southern Alberta and Saskatchewan; it has also been recorded west of the Rocky Mountains from California and south-eastern British Columbia. It is typically found near water, where the food plants of its caterpillar larvae grow plentifully.

Catocalini
The Catocalini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Adults of many species in the tribe are called underwing moths due to their vividly colored hindwings that are often covered by contrastingly dark, drab forewings.
Victor Le Fanu
Victor Charles Le Fanu (14 October 1865 – 9 August 1939) was an Irish international rugby union flanker who played club rugby for Landsdowne.

Le Fanu was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and would later play for Cambridge rugby team. He won three sporting Blues, playing in all three Varsity matches from 1884-1886.

His father was William Le Fanu, a Commissioner of the Irish Board of Works, who more famously was the brother of Sheridan Le Fanu.

Cambridge R.U.F.C.
Cambridge Rugby Union Football Club or CRUFC ('The Blood & Sand') is an English rugby union club representing the city of Cambridge. Formed in 1923, the club competes in the second tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, following promotion from National League 1 in 2022–23. The club plays its home matches at the 2.200 capacity Grantchester Road ground, in the suburb of Newnham, approximately two kilometres south-west of the city centre. The club runs three senior squads: the national league squad, a development squad, and a social squad. At junior level the club runs one of the oldest mini and youth rugby sections in the country, starting back in the early 1970s, with a colts team for under-18s.
VPB-145
VPB-145 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Bombing Squadron 145 (VB-145) on 15 July 1943, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 145 (VPB-145) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 18 June 1945.

Naval Air Station DeLand
Naval Air Station DeLand was a United States Naval Air Station located in DeLand, Florida from 1942 to 1946. After the war, the airfield and associated infrastructure was redeveloped into DeLand Municipal Airport.
Las Lomas, Texas
Las Lomas is a census-designated place (CDP) in Starr County, Texas, United States. The population was 3,147 at the 2010 census. Las Lomas is one of several colonias in Starr County, within the Rio Grande Valley region. The name is derived from the community's terrain.

Lower Rio Grande Valley
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (Spanish: Valle del Río Grande), often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of South Texas, is a region located in the southernmost part of Texas. It is located along the border of Texas with Mexico located in a floodplain of the Rio Grande near its mouth. The region includes the southernmost tip of South Texas. It consists of the Brownsville-Harlingen and McAllen-Edinburg-Mission metropolitan areas, and the Rio Grande City-Roma and Raymondville micropolitan areas. The area is generally bilingual in English and Spanish, with a fair amount of Spanglish due to the region's diverse history and transborder agglomerations. It is home to some of the poorest cities in the nation, as well as many unincorporated, persistent poverty communities called colonias. A large seasonal influx occurs of "winter Texans" – people who come down from the north for the winter and then return north before summer arrives.
Nicolás Massot
Nicolás María Massot (born 16 July 1984) is an Argentine politician and economist. He currently serves as Director of Banco Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina's third-largest public bank. He was a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies (lower house of the Argentine legislature) from 2015 to 2019.

Argentine National Congress
The National Congress of Argentina (Spanish: Congreso de la Nación Argentina) is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. Its composition is bicameral, constituted by a 72-seat Senate and a 257-seat Chamber of Deputies. The Senate, a third of whose members are elected to six-year renewable terms every two years, consists of three representatives from each province and the federal capital. The Chamber of Deputies, whose members are elected to four-year terms, is apportioned according to population, and renews their members by a half each two years.

The Congressional Palace is located in Buenos Aires, at the western end of Avenida de Mayo (at the other end of which is located the Casa Rosada). The Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the Congressional Plaza, next to the building.
Price optimization
Price optimization is the use of mathematical analysis by a company to determine how customers will respond to different prices for its products and services through different channels and is in contrast to market value. It is also used to determine the prices that the company determines will best meet its objectives such as maximizing operating profit. The data used in price optimization can include survey data, operating costs, inventories, and historic prices and sales. Price optimization practice has been implemented in industries including retail, banking, airlines, casinos, hotels, car rental, cruise lines and insurance industries.

Mathematical model
A mathematical model is an abstract description of a concrete  system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in many fields, including applied mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and engineering. In particular, the field of operations research studies the use of mathematical modelling and related tools to solve problems in business or military operations. A model may help to characterize a system by studying the effects of different components, which may be used to make predictions about behavior or solve specific problems.
A Notorious Gentleman
A Notorious Gentleman is a 1935 American drama film directed by Edward Laemmle and written by Leopold Atlas, Rufus King and Robert Tasker. The film stars Charles Bickford, Helen Vinson, Onslow Stevens, Dudley Digges, Sidney Blackmer and John Darrow. The film was released on January 21, 1935, by Universal Pictures. The film was remade in 1946 as Smooth as Silk.

Rufus King (writer)
Rufus Frederick King (January 3, 1893, New York City – February 13, 1966, Hollywood, Florida) was an American author of whodunit crime novels. He created four series of detective stories: the first one with Reginald De Puyster, a sophisticated detective similar to Philo Vance; the second one with his more famous character, Lieutenant Valcour; the third with Colin Starr, who appeared in four stories in the Strand Magazine during 1940–41; and the fourth with Chief Bill Dugan, who appeared in three stories in The Saint Mystery Magazine and Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine 1956–57.

In 2014, Wildside Press purchased Rufus King's copyrights and began reissuing his work, starting with a collection of Chief Bill Dugan mystery short stories.
NAACP LDF v. Trump
NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. v. Trump, No. 1:17-cv-05427-ALC (S.D.N.Y. 2017), was a lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.  The plaintiffs, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, The Ordinary People Society, and a coalition of civil rights groups alleged that the defendants, President Donald Trump, the Vice President Michael Pence, and Kris Kobach were in violation of the Fifth and Fifteenth Amendments and the Federal Advisory Committee Act by establishing the Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity (PEIC) for the purpose of intentionally discriminating against Black and Latino voters in violation of the Fifth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution and the Federal Advisory Committee Act.

NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (NAACP LDF, the Legal Defense Fund, or LDF) is an American civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City.

LDF is wholly independent and separate from the NAACP. Although LDF can trace its origins to the legal department of the NAACP created by Charles Hamilton Houston in the 1930s, Thurgood Marshall founded LDF as a separate legal entity in 1940, which became totally independent from the NAACP in 1957.

Janai Nelson serves as the eighth President and Director-Counsel, since March 2022. Previous Director-Counsels include Sherrilyn Ifill (2012–2022), John Payton (2008–2012), Ted Shaw (2004–2008), Elaine Jones (1993–2004), Julius Levonne Chambers (1984–1993), Jack Greenberg (1961–1984), and founder Thurgood Marshall (1940–1961).