hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nizhnekamsky District
Nizhnekamsky District (Russian: Нижнека́мский райо́н; Tatar: Түбән Кама районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located on the left bank of the Kama River. The administrative center of the district is Nizhnekamsk and the population of the district was 276,326 at the beginning of 2020.

The first mention of a settlement on the territory of the modern Nizhnekamsky district dates back to the 17th century while the modern Nizhnekamsky district was formed in 1965 by allocating land from the Tukayevsky District.

The Nizhnekamsky district is one of the key oil refining territories of Tatarstan. The regional center is the city of Nizhnekamsk which achieved TASED status (Territory of Advanced Social-Economic Development) in 2017.

Naberezhnye Chelny
Naberezhnye Chelny (Russian: На́бережные Челны́, IPA: [ˈnabʲɪrʲɪʐnɨjə tɕɪlˈnɨ] ⓘ; Tatar: Яр Чаллы, IPA: [ˈjar ɕɑlːɤ̆]) is the second largest city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. A major industrial center, Naberezhnye Chelny stands on the Kama River 225 kilometers (140 mi) east of Kazan near Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Population: 548,434 (2021 census); 513,193 (2010 census); 509,870 (2002 census); 500,309 (1989 Soviet census).

The city was briefly known as Brezhnev from 1982 to 1988.
France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
France was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Mon amour", written by Slimane Nebchi, Yaacov Salah, and Meïr Salah and performed by Slimane himself. The French participating broadcaster, France Télévisions, internally selected its entry for the contest.

As a member of the "Big Five", France automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest.

Un jour, un enfant
"Un jour, un enfant" (French pronunciation: [œ̃ ʒuʁ œ̃n‿ɑ̃fɑ̃]; "A Day, a Child") is a song recorded by French singer Frida Boccara, with music composed by Emil Stern and lyrics by Eddy Marnay. It represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969 held in Madrid, and became one of the four winning songs.

Boccara recorded the song in five languages: French, English, German, Spanish, and Italian.
Lies on Your Lips
"Lies on Your Lips" is a song written by James Dowell and Larry Shell. It was originally recorded by American Christian and country singer Cristy Lane. It was released as a single via Liberty Records in 1981 and it became a top 40 single on the American country music chart. It was also released on Lane's seventh studio album titled Fragile – Handle with Care.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
De Lacy Academy
De Lacy Academy, formerly Knottingley High School, is a mixed secondary school in Knottingley in the City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England.

Previously a community school administered by Wakefield Council, Knottingley High School converted to academy status in April 2012 and was renamed De Lacy Academy. The school is part of Delta Academies Trust, but continues to coordinate with Wakefield Council for admissions.

In April 2022, De Lacy Academy achieved an Ofsted rating of outstanding.

The current principal is Richard Fieldhouse. The previous head was Helen O'Brien, who was appointed in 2023; she took over from Chris McCall.

De Lacy Academy offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Wakefield Council
Wakefield Council, also known as the City of Wakefield Metropolitan District Council, is the local authority of the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England. Wakefield has had a council since 1848, which has been reformed on several occasions. Since 1974 it has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the West Yorkshire Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the 1974 reforms. It meets at County Hall and has its main offices at Wakefield One.
Chorweiler
Chorweiler (German: Köln-Chorweiler, German pronunciation: [kɔʁvaɪlɐ]) is the sixth borough (Stadtbezirk) of Cologne, Germany. Large portion of the borough of Chorweiler were incorporated into the city of Cologne in 1922, the borough of Chorweiler was created in the 1970s. The borough has the lowest population density in Cologne and many areas are very rural.

The borough of Chorweiler borders with the Cologne boroughs of Nippes and Ehrenfeld to the South, Rhein-Erft-Kreis to the West, Rhein-Kreis Neuss to the North, and the Rhine to the East. On the other riverbank lie the city of Leverkusen and Monheim am Rhein.

Leverkusen
Leverkusen (German: [ˈleːvɐˌkuːzn̩] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the south, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne, and to the north the state capital, Düsseldorf. The city is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, one of Europe's largest urban areas.

With about 163,000 inhabitants, Leverkusen is one of the state's smaller cities. The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its sports club Bayer Leverkusen.
1992 Bulgarian presidential election
Direct presidential elections were held for the first time in Bulgaria on 12 January 1992, with a second round on 19 January. The result was a victory for incumbent President Zhelyu Zhelev of the Union of Democratic Forces, who won 52.8% of the vote in the second round. Voter turnout was 75.4% in the first round and 75.9% in the second. Zhelev had originally been elected as president by the Grand National Assembly in 1990.

Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)
The Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgarian: Съюз на демократичните сили, romanized: Sayuz na demokratichnite sili, СДС/SDS) is a political party in Bulgaria, founded in 1989 as a union of several political organizations in opposition to the communist government. The Union was transformed into a single unified party with the same name. The SDS is a member of the European People's Party (EPP). In the 1990s the party had the largest membership in the country, with one million members, but has since splintered into a number of small parties totaling no more than 40,000 members. The SDS proper had 12,000 members in 2016.

The party was a ruling party in Bulgaria during the period between 1991-1993 and 1997-2001
Berliner Kunstpreis
The Berliner Kunstpreis (Berlin Art Prize), officially Großer Berliner Kunstpreis, is a prize for the arts by the City of Berlin. It was first awarded in 1948 in several fields of art. Since 1971, it has been awarded by the Academy of Arts (Akademie der Künste) on behalf of the Senate of Berlin. Annually one of its six sections, fine arts, architecture, music, literature, performing arts and film and media arts, gives the great prize, endowed with €15,000, whereas the other five sections annually award prizes endowed with €5,000.

Senate of Berlin
The Senate of Berlin (German: Senat von Berlin; unofficially: Berliner Senat) is the executive body governing the city of Berlin, which at the same time is a state of Germany.  According to the Constitution of Berlin the Senate consists of the Governing Mayor of Berlin and up to ten senators appointed by the governing mayor, two of whom are appointed (deputy) mayors.  The Senate meets weekly at the Rotes Rathaus (Red Town Hall).
Scott Stambach
Scott Stambach (born June 10, 1980) is an American author and professor of physics. His novel The Invisible Life of Ivan Isaenko was published in 2016 and was nominated for the 2018 Dublin Literary Award. Stambach also collaborates with Science for Monks, an international organization working to build science programs in Tibetan monasteries. In 2017, the book also won an Alex Award from the American Library Association. That same year, Popsugar named the book on its list of "7 Captivating Books For Fans of Grey's Anatomy".

PopSugar
PopSugar Inc. is an American media and technology company that is the parent to the media property PopSugar (stylized POPSUGAR). The company was founded in 2006 by married couple Brian and Lisa Sugar as a pop culture blog. The company is part of American digital holding company Vox Media.
Northeastern Athletic Conference (Illinois)
The Northeastern Athletic Conference  is a high school conference in northeast and north central Illinois. The conference participates in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference comprises 3 small public high schools and 9 small private school, with enrollments between 19 and 850 students in Cook, DeKalb, Kane, Kendall, LaSalle, McHenry, and Winnebago counties.

McHenry County, Illinois
McHenry County is located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 Census, it had a population of 310,229, making it the sixth-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Woodstock. McHenry County is one of the five Illinois collar counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Long known as a center of recreation along with agriculture in the western portion, it has recently experienced rapid rates of suburbanization, exurbanization and urbanization, but the western segment of the county remains primarily agricultural and rural.
Terry Lewis (police officer)
Terence Murray Lewis GM (29 February 1928 – 5 May 2023) was an Australian police officer who, as Commissioner of the Queensland Police Service, was convicted and jailed for corruption and forgery as a result of the Fitzgerald Inquiry. He was stripped of his knighthood and two other awards in consequence. Lewis continued to protest his innocence and sued his former lawyers and pursued appeals. The last of his appeals failed in August 2005.

George Medal
The George Medal (GM), instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI, is a decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth, awarded for gallantry, typically by civilians, or in circumstances where military honours are not appropriate.
Homewood Mountain Resort
Homewood Mountain Resort is a ski area located on the west shore of Lake Tahoe in the state of California, a few miles south of Tahoe City in the town of Homewood. It has 1,260 acres (510 ha) of skiable terrain and eight lifts. While it currently does not offer lodging on site, a Draft Environmental Impact Statement has been submitted to the regional planning commission to allow for the development of a resort inclusive of a hotel, condominiums, and various other additions. Since 2006, JMA Ventures, a San Francisco Bay Area developer, has owned and operated the ski area.

Ski area
A ski area is the terrain and supporting infrastructure where skiing and other snow sports take place. Such sports include alpine and cross-country skiing, snow boarding, tubing, sledding, etc. Ski areas may stand alone or be part of a ski resort.
Tony Sund
Tony Sund (born 4 August 1995) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman for  HIFK of Liiga. Internationally, he represented the Finnish national team.

He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the San Jose Sharks on 9 May 2019, and represented Finland at the 2021 IIHF World Championship.

On March 3, 2023, Sund's NHL rights were traded to the Montreal Canadiens as part of a three-team trade.

HIFK Hockey
HIFK Hockey (a traditional abbreviation of the Swedish name Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna, Helsingfors, English: "Sporting Society Comrades, Helsinki") is a professional ice hockey team based in Helsinki, Finland that plays in the SM-liiga, the sport's top-level league in Finland. The team plays at Helsinki Ice Hall.
Phycomycosis
Phycomycosis is an uncommon condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract and skin, most commonly found in dogs and horses. The condition is caused by various molds (a type of fungi), including pythiosis, zygomycosis, and lagenidiosis. Pythiosis, the most common type, is caused by Pythium, a type of water mold.  Zygomycosis can be caused by two types of zygomycetes: Entomophthorales (e.g., Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus) and Mucorales (e.g., Mucor, Mortierella, Absidia, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, and Saksenaea). The latter type of zygomycosis is also referred to as mucormycosis. Lagenidiosis is caused by a Lagenidium species, which, like Pythium, is a kind of water mold.  Since both pythiosis and lagenidiosis are caused by organisms from the Oomycetes and not the Fungi kingdom, they are sometimes collectively referred to as oomycosis.

Mucorales
The Mucorales is the largest and best-studied order of zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. The term mucormycosis is now preferred for infections caused by molds belonging to the order Mucorales.
2009–10 NCAA football bowl games
The 2009–10 NCAA football bowl games concluded the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  It comprised 34 team-competitive bowl games, and three all-star games. The games began play on December 19, 2009 and included the 2010 BCS National Championship Game in Pasadena, California, played on January 7 at the Rose Bowl Stadium.  The post-season concluded with three all-star games: the East–West Shrine Game on January 23,  the Senior Bowl on January 30, and the Texas vs. The Nation Game on February 6.

A total of 34 team-competitive games were played. While bowl games had been the purview of only the very best teams for nearly a century, this was the fourth consecutive year that teams with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games. To fill the 68 available bowl slots, a total of eight teams (12% of all participants) with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games—all eight had a .500 (6-6) season.

Senior Bowl
The Senior Bowl is a post-season college football all-star game played annually in late January or early February in Mobile, Alabama, which showcases the best NFL draft prospects of those players who have completed their college eligibility. Produced by the non-profit Mobile Arts & Sports Association, the game is also a charitable fund-raiser, benefiting various local and regional organizations with over US$7.8 million in donations over its history. The game is sponsored by Panini America and is televised by the NFL Network.
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (later simply CSA) was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland, before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 2007.  CSA hosted databases of abstracts and developed taxonomic indexing of scholarly articles.  These databases were hosted on the CSA Illumina platform and were available alongside add-on products like CSA Illustrata (deep-indexing of tables and figures). The company produced numerous bibliographic databases in different fields of the arts and humanities, natural and social sciences, and technology.
Thus, coverage included materials science, environmental sciences and pollution management, biological sciences, aquatic sciences and fisheries, biotechnology, engineering, computer science, sociology, linguistics, and other areas.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering. The AIAA is the U.S. representative on the International Astronautical Federation and the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. In 2015, it had more than 30,000 members among aerospace professionals worldwide (a majority are American or live in the United States).
Olivia (Bussy novel)
Olivia is a novel by Dorothy Bussy. It was published in 1949 by Hogarth Press, the publishing house founded by Leonard and Virginia Woolf. Bussy wrote it in French and signed her work with the pseudonym "Olivia." "Olivia" had been the name of one of Dorothy's sisters who died in infancy. The book was translated into English and then retranslated back into French. Bussy dedicated it "to the very dear memory of Virginia W." It was the only novel written by Bussy.

Leonard Woolf
Leonard Sidney Woolf ((1880-11-25)25 November 1880 – (1969-08-14)14 August 1969) was a British political theorist, author, publisher, and civil servant. He was married to author Virginia Woolf. As a member of the Labour Party and the Fabian Society, Woolf was an avid publisher of his own work and his wife's novels. A writer himself, Woolf created nineteen individual works and wrote six autobiographies. Leonard and Virginia did not have any children.
USS Chillicothe
USS Chillicothe was an ironclad river gunboat of the United States Navy. She was named for the capital of Ohio from 1803 to 1810.

Chillicothe was laid down at Cincinnati, Ohio.  She was commissioned on 5 September 1862 at Jeffersonville, Indiana, with Acting Lieutenant J. P. Sanford in command.  Necessary alterations and repairs and lack of sufficient water to pass over the falls detained her in the Ohio River until early January 1863.

River gunboat
A river gunboat is a type of gunboat adapted for river operations. River gunboats required shallow draft for river navigation. They would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns.  If they carried more than one cannon, one might be a howitzer, for shore bombardment. They were usually not armoured. The fictional USS San Pablo described in Richard McKenna's The Sand Pebbles is an example of this class of vessel, serving on the US Navy's Yangtze Patrol. Stronger river warships with larger guns were river monitors.
Sylvia Kühnemund
Sylvia Thier (née Kühnemund; born 25 July 1974 in Sangerhausen) is a retired German athlete who competed primarily in the 1500 metres events. She represented her country at the 1996 Summer Olympics and 1997 World Championships without qualifying for the final. Most of her successes came indoors where she made it to the final at the 1997 and 1999 World Indoor Championships, as well as at the 1996 and 1998 European Indoor Championships.

Sangerhausen
Sangerhausen (German pronunciation: [zaŋɐˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany, capital of the district of Mansfeld-Südharz. It is situated southeast of the Harz, approx. 35 kilometres (22 miles) east of Nordhausen, and 50 km (31 mi) west of Halle (Saale). About 26,000 people live in Sangerhausen (2020).
Jan Bantjes
Jan Gerritze Bantjes (Beaufort West, 8 July 1817 – Potchefstroom, 10 March 1887) was a Voortrekker whose exploration of the Natal and subsequent report were the catalyst for mobilising the Great Trek. He was also the author of the treaty between the Zulu king Dingane kaSenzangakhona and the Voortrekkers under Andries Pretorius.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Principality of Toropets
The Principality of Toropets (Russian: Торопецкое княжество) was a Russian principality or duchy, which existed between 1167 and the 14th century. It was established as a principality dependent on the Principality of Smolensk and was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The capital of the principality was Toropets. In terms of modern administrative division of Russia, the area of the principality is split between the Tver (western part), Pskov and Novgorod (southern parts) oblasts.

Duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. In Western European tradition, the title of duke ranked among the highest nobility, generally just below the monarch and above counts or earls.

Historically, there was a significant distinction between sovereign dukes, who ruled independent states, and dukes who were simply noblemen within larger kingdoms. Some duchies functioned as sovereign states in regions that only later became unified nation‑states, such as Germany (once the Holy Roman Empire, a federal empire) and Italy (later a unified kingdom). By contrast, other duchies were subordinate territories within kingdoms that had already consolidated, either partially or fully, during the medieval era: examples include France, Spain, Sicily, Naples, and the Papal States.
Eliezer Waldenberg
Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg (Hebrew: הרב אליעזר יהודה וולדנברג; December 10, 1915 – November 21, 2006) was a rabbi, posek, and dayan in Jerusalem. He is known as a leading authority on medicine and Jewish law and referred to as the Tzitz Eliezer after his 21-volume halachic treatise covering a wide breadth of halacha, including Jewish medical ethics, and daily ritual issues from Shabbat to kashrut.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
Willem Jackson
Willem Jackson (born 26 March 1972 in Bloemfontein, Free State) is a retired South African footballer who played as defender. A fullback capable of lining up on either flank, he played mostly for Bloemfontein Celtic and Orlando Pirates.

Jackson also played for South Africa, earning 18 caps, and was a part of the squad that travelled to France for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. During the tournament, he appeared in the first-round matches against France and Saudi Arabia, starting both matches at right back. Jackson made his international debut against France on 11 October 1997. His final international appearance came on 29 April 2001, a 3–0 victory over Mozambique in the COSAFA Castle Cup.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.