hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of South Korea
The national flag of the Republic of Korea (South Korea), also known as the Taegeukgi (Korean: 태극기; Hanja: 太極旗), consists of three components: a white rectangular background, a red and blue taegeuk in its center, accompanied by four black trigrams, one in each corner. The predecessors to the current Taegeukgi were used as the national flag of Korea by the Joseon dynasty, the Korean Empire, as well as the Korean government-in-exile during Japanese rule. South Korea adopted Taegeukgi for its national flag in 1948.

Joseon–United States Treaty of 1882
A Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation (Korean: 조·미수호통상조약, Hanja: 朝美修好通商條約), also known as the Shufeldt Treaty, was negotiated between representatives of the United States and Korea in 1882.

The treaty was written in English and Hanja, with the final draft being accepted at Chemulpo (present day Incheon) near the Korean capital of Hanseong (now Seoul) in April and May 1884. It was Korea's first treaty with a western nation. After the United States assented to the Taft–Katsura agreement, the intervention clause was effectively nullified.
Liu Yan (dancer)
Liu Yan is a classical Chinese dancer, choreographer, stage director, and professor at the Beijing Dance Academy. She has performed in many dance dramas and won many dance competitions in and outside China.

Dance in China
Dance in China is a highly varied art form, consisting of many modern and traditional dance genres. The dances cover a wide range, from folk dances to performances in opera and ballet, and may be used in public celebrations, rituals, and ceremonies. There are also 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China, and each ethnic minority group in China also has its own folk dances. Outside of China, the best-known Chinese dances today are the dragon dance and the lion dance.
Philippos
Philippos is a masculine given name, cognate to Philip. Notable people with the surname include:

Philippos Constantinos, Cypriot singer

Philippos Syrigos (1948–2013), Greek investigative journalist and sports reporter

Philippos Syrigos
Philippos Syrigos (Greek: Φίλιππος Συρίγος; 1948 – 13 October 2013) was a Greek investigative journalist and sports reporter who investigated doping cases in Greece. He was assaulted by masked men on 18 October 2004 in Athens but recovered.
Symbiosis (1982 film)
Symbiosis was a 70 mm documentary shown from October 1982 to January 1995 in the Harvest Theater at The Land pavilion at Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It was directed by Paul Gerber and narrated by veteran voice-actor Philip L. Clarke.

The film focused on the balance between technological expansion and the protection of the environment. The film showed environmental damage caused by humans and what is being done to fix the damage created.

The film was projected on a 23x60 foot screen, and used a 13-track digital sound system.

It closed on January 1, 1995, and was replaced by Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable. The new film featured characters from Disney's 1994 film The Lion King and included some re-edited footage from Symbiosis.

The film has since been shown at film festivals specializing in the 70 mm film format; at the National Media Museum in 1998, and in Karlsruhe, Germany in 2012.

Philip L. Clarke
Philip Lewis Clarke (September 8, 1938 – April 23, 2013) was an American voice actor.

He provided voices in several TV series, films, and video games, including his leading role as Malcolm Betruger in Doom 3.
Catocala gracilis
Catocala gracilis, the graceful underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by William Henry Edwards in 1864. It is found in North America from Manitoba to Nova Scotia and Maine, south through Connecticut, New Jersey to Florida and west to Mississippi and Missouri.

The wingspan is 40–45 mm. Adults are on wing from July to September depending on the location. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Leucothoe, Vaccinium pallidum and possibly Quercus.

Vaccinium pallidum
Vaccinium pallidum is a species of flowering plant in the heath family known by the common names hillside blueberry, Blue Ridge blueberry, late lowbush blueberry, and early lowbush blueberry. It is native to central Canada and the central and eastern United States.
James Tallentine
Quarter Gunner James Tallentine aka Tallentire (1840 – January 15, 1865) was a Union Navy sailor who fought in the American Civil War. Tallentine received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action in the Capture of Plymouth, North Carolina, while serving on the USS Tacony. He was posthumously honored with the award after his death in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher.

Second Battle of Fort Fisher
The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a successful assault by the Union Army, Navy and Marine Corps against Fort Fisher, south of Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American Civil War in January 1865. Sometimes referred to as the "Gibraltar of the South" and the last major coastal stronghold of the Confederacy, Fort Fisher had tremendous strategic value during the war, providing a port for blockade runners supplying the Army of Northern Virginia.
Energy Efficient Engine
The Energy Efficient Engine was a program funded by NASA in the 1970s to develop technologies suitable for energy efficient turbofans. Its goal was to improve thrust specific fuel consumption by 12% compared to a GE CF6-50C. Both General Electric and Pratt & Whitney produced turbofans for the program. The GE core featured a 23:1 high-pressure (HP) ratio ten-stage HP compressor, later used in the GE90 and GEnx. P&W also used a ten-stage HP compressor in their core, but it developed 14:1 pressure ratio.

General Electric GEnx
The General Electric GEnx ("General Electric Next-generation") is an advanced dual rotor, axial flow, high-bypass turbofan jet engine in production by GE Aerospace. It is one of two engine options available for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, and it was also produced for the Boeing 747-8. The GEnx succeeds the CF6 in GE's product line.
Bitelaria
Bitelaria is a monospecific genus of extinct vascular plants described from outcrops of the Early Devonian Campbellton Formation in New Brunswick, Canada and Middle Devonian outcrops in the Voronezh region of Russia. B. dubjanski is characterized by thick-walled, dichotomously branched tubular axes and thick cuticles with possible lenticel-like eruptions. The unusual external morphology of the plant distinguishes it from other vascular plants and is thus placed in Tracheophyta incertae sedis.

Cuticle
A cuticle (/ˈkjuːtɪkəl/), or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Various types of "cuticle" are non-homologous, differing in their origin, structure, function, and chemical composition.
Cottonwood Mountains (Inyo County)
The Cottonwood Mountains range is found in Death Valley National Park in Inyo County, California, U.S.

The range lies just to the northwest of the Panamint Mountains at the top of Death Valley, and run in a north–south direction.

Tin Mountain, at the northern end of the range, reaches an elevation of 2,729 meters. At the southern end of the range is Towne Pass, at 1,511 meters. The Last Chance Range is to the east.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
2015–16 2. Liga (Slovakia)
The 2015–16 2. Liga (Slovakia) season, named DOXXbet liga due to sponsorship reasons, was the 23rd edition of the second tier Slovakian league system annual football competition in Slovakia, since its establishment in 1993.

For the second time in its history, 24 teams contested in two groups, with the top six sides from each of group advanced to the next round.

Slovak First Football League
The Slovak First Football League (Slovak: 1. slovenská futbalová liga), officially known as Niké liga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Slovakia and the highest level of the Slovak football league system. It was formed in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The record for most titles is fifteen, held by Slovan Bratislava, who are the current title holders.
Bowdoin Square (Boston)
Bowdoin Square (established 1788) in Boston, Massachusetts was located in the West End. In the 18th and 19th centuries it featured residential houses, leafy trees, a church, hotel, theatre and other buildings. Among the notables who have lived in the square: physician Thomas Bulfinch; merchant Kirk Boott; and mayor Theodore Lyman. The urban renewal project in the West End in the 1950s removed Green Street and Chardon Street, which formerly ran into the square, and renamed some existing streets; it is now a traffic intersection at Cambridge Street, Bowdoin Street, and New Chardon Street.

Bowdoin Square is served by the MBTA Blue Line station Bowdoin.

Theodore Lyman II
Theodore Lyman II (September 20, 1792 – July 18, 1849) was an American philanthropist, politician, and author, born in Boston, the son of Theodore Lyman I and Lydia Pickering Williams. He graduated from Harvard University in 1810, visited Europe (1812–14), studied law, and with Edward Everett, revisited Europe in 1817–19. From 1819 to 1822 he was an aide to John Brooks, the Governor of Massachusetts. He became brigadier general of militia in 1823, and from 1820 to 1825 he served in the Massachusetts General Court.
Guillaume d'Hugues
Guillaume IX d’Hugues  (died 27 October 1648) was archbishop of Embrun from 16 November 1612 to 27 October 1648 and a diplomat for the French King.

Guillaume IX d’Hugues, third son of Michel and Delphine du Pré, was born in Pouzols in the diocese of Béziers. He entered very young to the Friars Minor Conventual, and was a professor till he was about 37 years. King Henry IV of France undertook the business of France in various courts of Italy, Germany and England and Marie de' Medici, as his regent, appointed Guillaume to the archbishopric of Embrun in 1612. He went to Spain accompanying Elisabeth of France, to marry Philip IV, and led to England, Henriette de France, to marry the future Charles I of England after negotiating these marriages. He built several remarkable monuments in Embrun and died in his diocese on 27 October 1648.

Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria, Portuguese: Filipe III; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: Rey Planeta), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.

By the time of his death, the Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometres (4.7 million square miles) in area, the largest empire in the world, but in other aspects was in decline, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform. He was succeeded on his death by his young son Charles II as King of Spain and in 1640 (with the collapse of the Iberian Union) by John IV as King of Portugal.
Leinfelden station
Leinfelden station is located in Leinfelden-Echterdingen at the 20.6 kilometre point of the Stuttgart-Rohr–Filderstadt railway in the German state of Baden-Württemberg and is a station on the Stuttgart S-Bahn network.

From 23 June 1928 to 1 October 1971, Leinfelden was at the junction of the Siebenmuehlental Railway (dismantled 1972) and the Rohr–Neuhausen line. Passenger services ended on both lines on 22 May 1955. Freight traffic ran only to Musberg from 1 October 1956.

Leinfelden-Echterdingen
Leinfelden-Echterdingen (German pronunciation: [ˈlaɪnfɛldn̩ ˈɛçtɐdɪŋən]; Swabian: Laefälda-Ächdordeng) is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km south of Stuttgart, near the Stuttgart Airport and directly adjacent to the newly built Stuttgart Trade Fair. The town was formed on 1 January 1975 by the merging of four former municipalities: Leinfelden, Echterdingen, Musberg and Stetten auf den Fildern. Zeppelin LZ 4 caught fire and burned out in Echterdingen in August 1908.
Bokuzen Hidari
Bokuzen Hidari (左 卜全, Hidari Bokuzen, 20 February 1894 – 26 May 1971) was a Japanese actor and comedian born in Kotesashi Village (now part of Tokorozawa), Iruma District, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. He appeared in such films as Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, The Lower Depths and Ikiru. Hidari was famous among Japanese audiences for his portrayals of meek, downtrodden men, and although a teetotaller, was renowned for his convincing drunk scenes (see esp. "Ikiru").

The Lower Depths (1957 film)
The Lower Depths (どん底, Donzoko) is a 1957 Japanese film directed by Akira Kurosawa, the screenplay by Hideo Oguni and Akira Kurosawa, based on the 1902 play The Lower Depths by Maxim Gorky. The setting was changed for the film from late 19th-century Russia to Edo period Japan.
Walter Tardáguila
Walter Tardáguila (born 13 July 1943) is a former Uruguayan cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1972 Summer Olympics. In the individual road race Walter Tardáguila finished 74th, and in the 100 km Team Trial Walter Tardáguila's team finished 27th. In the individual road race, Tardáguila finished with a margin of 2:51.0 when compared to the leading team. In the 100 km Team Trial, Tardáguila's team finished with a time of 2-21:57.7. Notably, he witnessed and survived the Munich Massacre.

Cycling at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
In cycling at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the men's individual road race was held on 7 September. There were 163 starters from 48 nations. The maximum per NOC was four. A total of 76 cyclists finished the race. The event was won by Hennie Kuiper of the Netherlands, the nation's first victory in the men's individual road race and first medal in the event since 1948. Clyde Sefton earned Australia's first medal in the event with his silver. Jaime Huélamo of Spain finished third, but was disqualified after failing a drug test; the medal was not reassigned. Bruce Biddle of New Zealand was not awarded the bronze medal as he had not been tested for drugs. Italy missed the podium, breaking a four-Games streak of gold and silver medals.
Wells State Park (Michigan)
J.W. Wells State Park (also known as Wells State Park) is a state park in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 678-acre (2.74 km2) park is located in Menominee County on the shore of Lake Michigan's Green Bay, just south of Cedar River. It is on M-35, roughly midway between Menominee and Escanaba. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Escanaba, Michigan
Escanaba (/ˌɛskəˈnɑːbə/ ES-kə-NAH-bə), commonly shortened to Esky, is a port city in and the county seat of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan, located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula. The population was 12,450 at the 2020 census, making it the third-largest city in the Upper Peninsula after Marquette and Sault Ste. Marie.

There is also Escanaba Township, which is north of the city and is not adjacent to it, although a portion of the urban area around the city extends into the township. Both are named for the Escanaba River, which flows into the Little Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan just north of the city. The names are derived from the Ojibwa language.
Martyrs' Day (China)
Martyrs' Day (Chinese: 烈士纪念日) is celebrated in China on 30 September, the eve of the National Day of the People's Republic of China, to commemorate martyrs who lost their lives serving China. It was created by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2014.

Martyrdom in China
The concept of martyrdom in China during the premodern period largely concerned loyalty to political principles and was developed in modern times by revolutionaries, such as the Tongmenghui and the Kuomintang parties during the Xinhai Revolution, Northern Expedition, and Second Sino-Japanese War.
Belomestnoye
Belomestnoye (Russian: Беломестное) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Belomestnenskoye Rural Settlement, Belgorodsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,210 as of 2010. There are 39 streets.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Ramona (vocalist)
Estrild Raymona Myers (March 11, 1909 – December 14, 1972), known professionally as Ramona,  was an American cabaret and jazz singer and pianist. She was most prominent during the 1930s and best known for her association with Paul Whiteman and his orchestra.

Lew Brown
Lew Brown (born Louis Brownstein; December 10, 1893 – February 5, 1958) was a lyricist for popular songs in the United States. During World War I and the Roaring Twenties, he wrote lyrics for several of the top Tin Pan Alley composers, especially Albert Von Tilzer. Brown was one third of a successful songwriting and music publishing team with Buddy DeSylva and Ray Henderson from 1925 until 1931. Brown also wrote or co-wrote many Broadway shows and Hollywood films. Among his most-popular songs are "Button Up Your Overcoat", "Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree", "Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries", "That Old Feeling", and "The Birth of the Blues".
2014 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy
The 2014 BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts and held at Arenele BNR in Bucharest, Romania, from 21 to 27 April 2014. It was the 22nd edition of the BRD Năstase Țiriac Trophy tournament, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. The event also futured an exhibition match with Goran Ivanišević, Cédric Pioline, Ilie Năstase and Andrei Pavel.

Andrei Pavel
Andrei Pavel (born 27 January 1974) is a Romanian tennis coach and former professional tennis player.
He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 13 and won three titles, including the 2001 Canada Masters. He also reached a career-high in doubles of No. 18 and won six doubles titles.
Patrick Geering
Patrick Geering (born 12 February 1990) is a Swiss professional ice hockey defenceman who currently serves as captain of the ZSC Lions in the National League (NL). He participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team.

ZSC Lions
The Zürcher Schlittschuh Club Lions is a professional ice hockey team based in Zürich, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. Its home arena is the 12,000-seat Swiss Life Arena. The team was founded in 1930 and played at the Dolder-Kunsteisbahn from its establishment until 1950. Between 1950 and 2022, it played at the Hallenstadion.
Ranger Boats
Ranger Boats is a company that produces bass fishing boats designed primarily for black bass fishing. The company was founded in 1968 by Forrest L. Wood in Flippin, Arkansas. Ranger is generally credited with the introduction of the modern bass boat. They make boats for commercial and recreational use. Ranger Boats has both fiberglass boats and aluminum boats.

Ranger is a major sponsor of the Fishing League Worldwide.

Ranger Boats and all of the brands under Fishing Holdings LLS were acquired by Bass Pro Group in a deal signed in December 2014. The deal included Bass Pro acquiring the Ranger, Triton Boats, and the Stratos Boats brands. Several bass boat companies are manufactured in the same facility, but are sold separately as individual brands by dealerships.

Bass Pro Shops
BPS Direct, LLC, doing business as Bass Pro Shops, is an American privately held sporting goods retailer that offers hunting, fishing, camping, and other related outdoor recreation equipment, marine manufacturing and sales, and outdoor resorts. The stores feature natural outdoor designs and decorations. Bass Pro Shops support conservation efforts, organizations that support the United States Armed Services and Veterans, and outdoor education and recreation for youth. The company's headquarters, original store, and the Wonders of Wildlife National Museum & Aquarium are located in Springfield, Missouri.
José Carbó
José Carbó is an Argentinian-Australian opera baritone. He has performed nationally and internationally for Opera Australia, the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and the Metropolitan Opera.

Carbó worked with Slava and Leonard Grigoryan to produce an album titled My Latin Heart. It was nominated for the 2012 ARIA Music Awards for Best Classical Album. The trio then embarked on a tour also titled My Latin Heart featuring music from the album.

Along with classical guitarists Andrew Blanch and Ariel Nurhadi he formed the José Carbó Trio who first performed in 2015.

Sydney Symphony Orchestra
The Sydney Symphony Orchestra (SSO) is an Australian symphony orchestra based in Sydney. With roots going back to 1908, the orchestra was made a permanent professional orchestra on the formation of the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1932. The orchestra has performed at the Sydney Opera House as its home concert hall, since the venue's opening in 1973. Simone Young is the orchestra's current chief conductor and the first female conductor in the post.

The Sydney Symphony performs around 150 concerts a year to a combined annual audience of more than 350,000. The regular subscription concert series are mostly performed at the Sydney Opera House, but other venues around Sydney are used as well, including the City Recital Hall at Angel Place and the Sydney Town Hall. The Town Hall was the home of the orchestra until the opening of the Opera House in 1973. Since then, most concerts have been taking place in the Opera House's Concert Hall (capacity: 2,679 seats).
2023–24 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy
The 2023–24 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy was a first-class domestic cricket competition that was held in Pakistan during the 2023–24 season. It was the 66th edition of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, and it was contested by eight teams representing regional cricket associations. It ran concurrently with the non-first-class Hanif Mohammad Trophy, contested by ten regional associations. Karachi Whites won the competition by defeating Faisalabad in the final.

Hanif Mohammad Trophy
The Hanif Mohammad Trophy is a cricket event arranged by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB), honoring Hanif Mohammad, a key figure in Pakistan's early cricket history. It's a way to pay homage to his skill, passion, and lasting impact on the sport.