hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Space policy
Space policy is the political decision-making process for, and application of, public policy of a state (or association of states) regarding spaceflight and uses of outer space, both for civilian (scientific and commercial) and military purposes. International treaties, such as the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, attempt to maximize the peaceful uses of space and restrict the militarization of space.

Space policy intersects with science policy, since national space programs often perform or fund research in space science, and also with defense policy, for applications such as spy satellites and anti-satellite weapons.  It also encompasses government regulation of third-party activities such as commercial communications satellites and private spaceflight.

Space policy also encompasses the creation and application of space law, and space advocacy organizations exist to support the cause of space exploration.

Military policy
Military policy (also called defence policy or defense policy) is public policy dealing with multinational security and the military. It comprises the measures and initiatives that governments do or do not take in relation to decision-making and strategic goals, such as when and how to commit national armed forces.

Military policy is used to ensure the retention of independence in national development and the alleviation of hardships imposed from hostile and aggressive external actors. The Defence Ministry (or a synonymous organisation) is the primary decision-maker for the national military policy.
The Rough Guide to Cajun & Zydeco (1998 album)
The Rough Guide to Cajun & Zydeco is a compilation album originally released in 1998. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the album features the cajun and zydeco genres of Louisiana in roughly equal measures. Phil Stanton, co-founder of the World Music Network, compiled and produced the album. This was the first of two similarly named compilations: the second edition was released in 2011.

Rough Guides
Rough Guides is a travel company that offers tailor-made trips planned and arranged by local travel experts based in destinations around the world. Originally established as a guidebook publisher in 1982, Rough Guides expanded into customized travel services in 2018.
Spider-Men
Spider-Men is a five-issue, 2012 superhero comic book miniseries published by Marvel Comics, featuring Peter Parker, the original Spider-Man, and Miles Morales, the second and current Ultimate Marvel version of Spider-Man, who appear together in a crossover storyline that involves the two alternate universes from which they each originate. The series is written by Brian Michael Bendis and illustrated by Sara Pichelli. It marks the first time that characters from the original Marvel Universe and the Ultimate Universe have crossed over since the latter debuted in 2000.

Superhero comics
Superhero comics is one of the most common genres of American comic books. The genre rose to prominence in the 1930s and became extremely popular in the 1940s and has remained the dominant form of comic book in North America since the 1960s.  Superhero comics feature stories about superheroes and the universes these characters inhabit.

Beginning with the introduction of Superman in 1938 in Action Comics #1 (an anthology of adventure features) comic books devoted to superheroes (heroic people with extraordinary or superhuman abilities and skills, or god-like powers and attributes) ballooned into a widespread genre, coincident with the beginnings of World War II and the end of the Great Depression.
Break of gauge
With railways, a break of gauge occurs where a line of one track gauge (the distance between the rails, or between the wheels of trains designed to run on those rails) meets a line of a different gauge. Trains and rolling stock generally cannot run through without some form of conversion between gauges, leading to passengers having to change trains, and freight having to be transloaded or transshipped. That can cause delays, added costs, and inconvenience to those travelling on affected routes.

Passenger
A passenger is a person who travels in a vehicle, but does not bear any responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination or otherwise operate the vehicle, and is not a steward. The vehicles may be bicycles, buses, cars, passenger trains, airliners, ships, ferryboats, personal watercraft, all terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, and other methods of transportation.

Crew members (if any), as well as the driver or pilot of the vehicle, are usually not considered to be passengers. For example, a flight attendant on an airline would not be considered a passenger while on duty and the same with those working in the kitchen or restaurant on board a ship as well as cleaning staff, but an employee riding in a company car being driven by another person would be considered a passenger, even if the car was being driven on company business.
Rodrigo Ponce de León, Duke of Cádiz
Rodrigo Ponce de Leon, Duke of Cádiz (1443–1492) was one of the Castilian military leaders in the conquest of Granada. In 1482, he led the Castilian forces that captured the town of Alhama and later Boabdil. He had earlier been one of the military leaders in the Castilian War of Succession. Juan Pacheco was his father-in-law. He was made 1st Duke of Cádiz in 1484 and succeeded briefly by his heir Francisca Ponce de León y de la Fuente. Also, he held the title of Count of Arcos.

Ponce de León is also related to:

Juan Ponce de León

Juan Ponce de León II

Juan Ponce de León y Loayza

Roderigo Ponce de Leon, marques of Cadiz is written about extensively in Washington Irving's Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada, published 1829.

Juan Ponce de León II
Juan Ponce de León II (1524–1591) was a Spanish official and an interim governor of Puerto Rico. Ponce de León II was the first governor to be born in Puerto Rico. He was named after his grandfather, Juan Ponce de León, who became the first European explorer and governor of Puerto Rico in 1508.
Prince Albert of Saxony (1875–1900)
Prince Albert Charles Anthony Louis William Victor of Saxony, Duke of Saxony (German: Albert Karl Anton Ludwig Wilhelm Viktor; 25 February 1875 – 16 September 1900) was a Saxon prince from the House of Wettin. He was the youngest son of King Georg I of Saxony (son of King Johann I of Saxony and his consort Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria) and his wife, Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (daughter of Queen Maria II of Portugal and her consort, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Kohary).

He died on 16 September 1900 in a traffic accident.  A phaeton driven by Miguel de Bragança hit Albert's carriage so violently that the carriage overturned into a ditch.  Albert died from his injuries a few hours later. There were rumours that Miguel had done this on purpose, but this was never proven.  Because it could not be determined whether this was an accident or intentional, Miguel escaped a court martial.  However, he had to resign from his army post and leave the country.

Ferdinand II of Portugal
Dom Ferdinand II (German: Ferdinand August Franz Anton Koháry von Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha; 29 October 1816 – 15 December 1885), also known as Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and as "the King-artist" (Portuguese: o Rei-Artista), was King of Portugal from 16 September 1837 to 15 November 1853 as the husband and co-ruler of Queen Maria II.

In keeping with Portuguese law, Ferdinand only became king after the birth of his first son, Prince Pedro, in 1837. Ferdinand's reign came to an end with the death of his wife in 1853, but he served as regent for his son and successor, King Pedro V, until 1855.

He retained the style and title of king even after the death of Maria II and her succession by their children Pedro V and then Luís I. His sons were reigning kings, while Ferdinand himself was a king-father during their reigns.
Hacker-Craft
Hacker-Craft is the name given to boats built by The Hacker Boat Co., an American manufacturer founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1908 by John L. Hacker (1877–1961).  It is one of the oldest constructors of wooden motor boats in the world. The company moved operations to New York State in the 1970s and continues to produce hand-built boats.

Hacker was a naval architect and American motorboat designer.  His major design and engineering accomplishments include the invention of the "V"-hull design and the floating biplane for the Wright brothers.  The company was known for its runabouts, utilities, commuters, and tenders.

Yacht tender
A yacht tender is a vessel used for servicing and providing support and entertainment to a private or charter yacht. They include utilitarian craft, powered by oar or outboard motor, and high-speed luxury craft, supporting superyachts, powered by inboard engines, some using water-jets. Some superyachts have a support vessel that follows them with bulky items that are not conveniently stowed aboard the main yacht, such as a helicopter, automobile or larger watercraft.
Luigi Ghirri
Luigi Ghirri (5 January 1943 – 14 February 1992) was an Italian artist and photographer whose work was about the relationship between fiction and reality. Ghirri has been the subject of numerous books. His works are held by various museums around the world and have been exhibited in the 2011 Venice Biennale and at MAXXI in Rome.

Reggio Emilia
Reggio nell'Emilia (Emilian: Rèz; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. With a population of 172,518, it is the 4th-largest city in Emilia-Romagna and the 22nd-largest in Italy.

The inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.

The old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th–17th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.
Carl Wieman
Carl Edwin Wieman (born March 26, 1951) is an American physicist and educationist at Stanford University, and currently the A. D. White Professor at Large at Cornell University. In 1995, while at the University of Colorado Boulder, he and Eric Allin Cornell produced the first true Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) an ultracold state of matter; and, in 2001, they and Wolfgang Ketterle (for further BEC studies) were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Wieman currently holds a joint appointment as Professor of Physics and Professor in the Stanford Graduate School of Education, as well as the DRC Professor in the Stanford University School of Engineering. In 2020, Wieman was awarded the Yidan Prize in Education Research for "his contribution in developing new techniques and tools in STEM education".

Stanford University Graduate School of Education
The Stanford University Graduate School of Education (Stanford GSE or GSE) is one of the top education schools in the United States. It offers master's and doctoral programs in more than 25 areas of specialization, along with joint degrees with other programs at Stanford University including business, law, and public policy. The current dean of Stanford GSE (since 2015) is Daniel L. Schwartz.
Swirsky
Swirsky (feminine: Swirskaya) is an East Slavic-language surname, a variant of the Polish surname Świrski. Another Russian-language form is Svirsky.

Notable people with this surname include:

Chuck Swirsky (b. 1954) - sports commentator.

David Swirsky - vocalist for the Moshav Band

Rachel Swirsky (b. 1982) - science fiction & fantasy author.

Robert Swirsky (b. 1962) - computer scientist, author, pianist.

Seth Swirsky (b. 1960) - songwriter, recording artist, author.

Thamara Swirskaya (1888-1961), Russia-born dancer

Moshav (band)
Moshav, formerly known as Moshav Band, is an Israeli-American Jewish rock band originating from Moshav Mevo Modi'im. Founded in 1996 by Yehuda Solomon and Duvid Swirsky, the group moved to Los Angeles in 2008 and have released ten studio albums. With a sound incorporating elements of alternative rock, folk, funk, and reggae, they were credited, alongside Soulfarm and Blue Fringe, with advancing Jewish rock in the early 2000s.
Courtenay Place, Wellington
Courtenay Place is one of the main streets in the Wellington inner-city district of Te Aro. It is known for its entertainment and nightlife. Many restaurants open until late and most of the bars stay open until the early morning. Courtenay Place contains offices, accommodation, tourist shopping, entertainment, food, art and buskers. Pedestrian traffic is substantial during the evening. Courtenay Place is named after Viscount Courtenay, a director of the New Zealand Company.

Heritage New Zealand
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (initially the National Historic Places Trust and then, from 1963 to 2014, the New Zealand Historic Places Trust; in Māori: Pouhere Taonga) is a Crown entity that advocates for the protection of ancestral sites and heritage buildings in New Zealand. It was set up through the Historic Places Act 1954 with a mission to "...promote the identification, protection, preservation and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand" and is an autonomous Crown entity. Its current enabling legislation is the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014.
Imamzadeh Ahmad
Imamzadeh Ahmad (Persian: امامزاده احمد; Arabic: مرقد أحمد) is a Shi'ite imamzadeh in Isfahan, Iran. The Imamzadeh comprises a mausoleum, to the north and west of which are two iwans; the tomb faces a vast sahn where several famous people, like Amir Kabir's daughter and Naser al-Din Shah's sister and wife, are buried. The emamzadeh himself was likely the Sultan Ali's son, who has been buried in Mashhad-e Ardehal.

The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 7 December 1935, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Sahn
A sahn (Arabic: صَحْن, ṣaḥn), is a courtyard in Islamic architecture, especially the formal courtyard of a mosque. Most traditional mosques have a large central sahn, which is surrounded by a riwaq or arcade on all sides.
The Westerner and the Earl
The Westerner and the Earl is a 1911 American silent short drama film produced by the Thanhouser Company. The film focuses on a society woman who seeks to gain status as the mother-in-law of an English earl, but her daughter already loves an American suitor. The earl hires a Wild West show's Indian actors to kidnap him and the heiress so that he can win her affections, but is foiled by her American suitor who hires the cowboy actors and becomes the hero. The earl's plans are foiled and the heiress gets to marry her American suitor. The film was billed as a drama by Thanhouser, but reviewers all state that the plot was that of a comedy. It was released on February 7, 1911. The film is presumed lost.

Parent-in-law
A parent-in-law is a person who has a legal affinity with another by being the parent of the other's spouse. Many cultures and legal systems impose duties and responsibilities on persons connected by this relationship. A person is a child-in-law to the parents of the spouse, who are in turn also the parents of those sibling-in-laws (if any) who are siblings of the spouse (as opposed to spouses of siblings). Together, the members of this family affinity group are called the in-laws.
Sarwa Abdulwahid
Sarwa Abdul Wahid (Kurdish:سرووە عەبدولواحید,Arabic: سروة عبد الواحد) is an Iraqi politician and former journalist from Kurdistan. In 2018, she became the first woman to announce her candidacy for the presidency of Iraq. She is the sister of Shaswar Abdulwahid, leader of the New Generation Movement and serves as leader of the party in Iraq's parliament.

Government of the Kurdistan Region
The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is the official executive body of the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq.

The cabinet is selected by the majority party or list who also select the prime minister of the Iraqi Kurdish polity. The president is directly elected by the electorate of the region and is the head of the cabinet and chief of state who delegates executive powers to the cabinet. The prime minister is traditionally the head of the legislative body but also shares executive powers with the president. The President of Kurdistan Region is also the commander-in-chief of the Peshmerga.
Cedar Valley (Oregon)
Cedar Valley (formerly Squaw Valley) is a valley in the Siskiyou Mountains of Curry County, Oregon, United States, northeast of Gold Beach. The valley runs north from near the headwaters of Rumley Creek (a tributary of the Rogue River) along the course of Cedar Creek from its headwaters to its confluence with Miller Creek, about four miles south of Ophir. The area is served by a volunteer fire department, which is known for its annual fundraising fish fry.

Fish fry
A fish fry is a social event centered on a meal of battered or breaded fried fish. It usually also includes french fries, coleslaw, macaroni salad, lemon slices, tartar sauce, hot sauce, malt vinegar and dessert. Some Native American versions are cooked by coating fish with semolina and egg yolk.

A fish fry may include potato pancakes (with accompanying side dishes of sour cream or applesauce) and sliced caraway rye bread if served in a German restaurant or area.

Fish fries are very common in the Midwestern and northeastern regions of the United States. Fish is often served on Friday nights as a restaurant special or through church fundraisers. This is especially true for Christian communities during Lent, the Christian season of repentance, when tradition calls for abstinence from meat.

A "shore lunch" is common in the northern United States and Canada. For decades, outdoor enthusiasts have been cooking their catch on the shores of their favorite lakes.
Gary Scott Thompson
Gary Scott Thompson (born October 7, 1959) is an American screenwriter, television producer, and director. He worked on projects including The Fast and the Furious, its sequel 2 Fast 2 Furious; Hollow Man, Split Second; 88 Minutes, K-911 and K-9: P.I.

Thompson was the creator, showrunner, writer, and executive producer of NBC's comedy-drama series Las Vegas, and he also directed four episodes and made a brief cameo as a psychotherapy patient. Additionally, Thompson wrote, co-developed, and executive produced NBC and TF1's Taxi Brooklyn.

Taxi Brooklyn
Taxi Brooklyn is a action comedy police procedural television series, produced by EuropaCorp Television. The series stars Chyler Leigh and Jacky Ido, and is based upon the film Taxi written by Luc Besson. On March 6, 2015, NBC canceled the series in the United States.
Roland Butler
Roland Butler is a Canadian politician. He represented the district of Port de Grave in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2001 to 2011.

Butler attended Coley's Point High School before going on to complete a Business Administration Program.

He is a member of the Liberal Party. From 1974 to 1984, he held a number of positions in the Port de Grave District Liberal Association, including Vice-president and Secretary. He was one of only three Liberal candidates elected in 2007 provincial election. Butler announced in April 2010, that he would not seek re-election in the 2011 provincial election.  He has suggested that he may write a book about the 2001 leadership race. He has a wife, a son, and two grandsons.

Port de Grave (electoral district)
Port de Grave is a defunct provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Fishing was a prime industry in the district and many people commute to work in the St. John's area. Bay Roberts was an important service centre for the region and there is some light industrial activity. In 2011, there were 8,914 eligible voters living within the district.

The district included the communities of Bay Roberts, Bareneed, Bishop's Cove, Blow Me Down, Bryant's Cove, Hibb's Cove, Port de Grave, Ship Cove, Spaniard's Bay, The Dock, Tilton and Upper Island Cove.

The district was one of the strongest Liberal regions of the province, and was one of only three districts to return a Liberal MHA in the 2007 election.

The district was abolished in 2015, and was succeeded by the new district of Harbour Grace-Port de Grave.
SAID principle
In physical rehabilitation and sports training, the SAID principle asserts that the human body adapts specifically to imposed demands. It demonstrates that, given stressors on the human system, there will be a Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID). For example, by only doing pull-ups on the same regular pull-up bar, the body becomes adapted to this specific physical demand, but not necessarily to other climbing patterns or environments.

In 1958, Berkeley Professor of Physical Education Franklin M. Henry proposed the "Specificity Hypothesis of Motor Learning".

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Higashine
Higashine (東根市, Higashine-shi) is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 February 2020, the city had an estimated population of 47,910 in 17868  households, and a population density of 230 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 207.17 square kilometres (80 sq mi).

Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. It has a population of 1,005,926 (1 February 2025) and an area of 9,325 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Its neighbours are Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.

The capital and largest city is Yamagata, with other major cities being Tsuruoka, Sakata and Yonezawa. The prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
Ben McNiece
Ben McNiece (born 22 March 1992) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited by Essendon as a category B rookie through the next generation academy in November 2016, qualifying by virtue of his mother being Indian. He had previously played for Essendon's VFL team for the prior two seasons. He made his AFL debut in the Anzac Day clash against Collingwood at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in round five of the 2017 season in an eighteen-point win.

Anzac Day match
The Anzac Day match is an annual Australian rules football match between Collingwood and Essendon, two clubs in the Australian Football League, held on Anzac Day (25 April) at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).