hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infrared heater
An infrared heater or heat lamp is a heating appliance containing a high-temperature emitter that transfers energy to a cooler object through electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the temperature of the emitter, the wavelength of the peak of the infrared radiation ranges from 750 nm to 1 mm. No contact or medium between the emitter and cool object is needed for the energy transfer. Infrared heaters can be operated in vacuum or atmosphere.

One classification of infrared heaters is by the wavelength bands of infrared emission.

Short wave or near infrared for the range from 750 nm to 1.4 μm; these emitters are also named "bright" because still some visible light is emitted;

Medium infrared for the range between 1.4 μm and 3 μm;

Far infrared or dark emitters for everything above 3 μm.

Far infrared
Far infrared (FIR) or long wave refers to a specific range within the infrared spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. It encompasses radiation with wavelengths ranging from 15 μm (micrometers) to 1 mm, which corresponds to a frequency range of approximately 20 THz to 300 GHz. This places far infrared radiation within the CIE IR-B and IR-C bands. The longer wavelengths of the FIR spectrum overlap with a range known as terahertz radiation. Different sources may use different boundaries to define the far infrared range. For instance, astronomers often define it as wavelengths between 25 μm and 350 μm. Infrared photons possess significantly lower energy than photons in the visible light spectrum, with tens to hundreds of times less energy.
Vineland, Ontario
Vineland is an unincorporated community within the Town of Lincoln in Niagara Region. Located in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is bordered by the Twenty Mile Creek and Jordan to the east, Lake Ontario to the north, Beamsville to the west and Pelham to the south.

Vineland is primarily an agricultural community and is home to many tender fruit farms and wineries.  As the second-largest community in the Town of Lincoln, Vineland's small commercial centre along King Street serves the surrounding communities of Campden and Jordan.  The post office was established in 1894.

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
Protoplanetary disk
A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed  star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star. The protoplanetary disk may not be considered an accretion disk; while the two are similar, an accretion disk is hotter and spins much faster; it is also found on black holes, not stars. This process should not be confused with the accretion process thought to build up the planets themselves. Externally illuminated photo-evaporating protoplanetary disks are called proplyds.

Herbig Ae/Be star
A Herbig Ae/Be star (HAeBe) is a pre-main-sequence star – a young (<10 Myr) star of spectral types A or B. These stars are still embedded in gas-dust envelopes and are sometimes accompanied by circumstellar disks. Hydrogen and calcium emission lines are observed in their spectra. They are 2–8 Solar mass (M☉) objects, still existing in the star formation (gravitational contraction) stage and approaching the main sequence (i.e. they are not burning hydrogen in their center).
Dorothy E. Smith
Dorothy Edith Smith CM (née Place; 6 July 1926 – 3 June 2022) was a British-born Canadian ethnographer, feminist studies scholar, sociologist, and writer with research interests in a variety of disciplines. These include women's studies, feminist theory, psychology, and educational studies. Smith was also involved in certain subfields of sociology, such as the sociology of knowledge, family studies, and methodology. She founded the sociological sub-disciplines of feminist standpoint theory and institutional ethnography.

Mitwelt
Mitwelt is a German term used in existential therapy to refer to an individual's social or cultural environment. Problems in the mitwelt center on integration vs. isolation, or individuality vs. conformity. The individual is tasked with the responsibility to achieve a balance between these opposing states in order to derive existential meaning from a social group while maintaining one's autonomy.

The mitwelt (social dimension) is one of four existential dimensions. The others include: Umwelt (physical dimension)
Eigenwelt (psychological dimension), and Überwelt (spiritual dimension).
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Landtag elections in the Weimar Republic
Landtag elections in the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Freistaat Mecklenburg-Schwerin) during the Weimar Republic were held at irregular intervals between 1919 and 1932. Results with regard to the total vote, the percentage of the vote won and the number of seats allocated to each party are presented in the tables below. On 31 March 1933, the sitting Landtag was dissolved by the Nazi-controlled central government and reconstituted to reflect the distribution of seats in the national Reichstag. The Landtag subsequently was formally abolished as a result of the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" of 30 January 1934 which replaced the German federal system with a unitary state.

Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters.

The States of Germany and Austria are governed by Landtage. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a Landtag. Historically, states of the German Confederation also established Landtage. The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the nation's unicameral assembly.
Okafo
Igwe Okafo Audio file "Ig-Igwe Okafo.ogg" not found (born 1830–1891) was the 16th Obi of Otolo and Igwe of Nnewi kingdom. He was the traditional supreme ruler and spiritual leader in Nnewi, an Igbo city in Nigeria. He is a member of the Nnofo Royal lineage and the successor to his father Eze Ukwu.

Nnewi Kingdom
The Nnewi Kingdom or Anaedo, was an Igbo kingdom in South Eastern Nigeria, founded in the 15th century by the kingdom's first king, Mmaku, and since the 20th century, now exists as a traditional state within Nigeria.
2004 England rugby union tour of Australasia
The 2004 England rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand was a series of matches played in June 2004 in Australia and New Zealand by the England national rugby union team. It was the first tour of England, after the victory in the 2003 Rugby World Cup. The English team lost all three Tests decisively, a shock result after the World Cup victory the year before.

Simon Shaw
Simon Dalton Shaw (born 1 September 1973) is an English former rugby union player. He played as a lock for Bristol, London Wasps and Toulon. He won 71 caps for England between 1996 and 2011 and two for the British & Irish Lions, with whom he toured three times.
Kõue
Kõue (German: Kau) is a village in Kose Parish, Harju County in northern Estonia.

Explorer Otto von Kotzebue (1788–1846) spent his last years in Kõue Manor (Triigi) which he bought in 1832.

Estonian mountaineer and photographer Jaan Künnap was also born and raised in Kõue.

After the local government council elections in 2013, Kõue municipality joined Kose municipality and is now known as Kose Parish.

Harju County
Harju County (Estonian: Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is located in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, and it borders Lääne-Viru County to the east, Järva County to the southeast, Rapla County to the south, and Lääne County to the southwest. The capital and largest city of Estonia, Tallinn, is located in Harju County. Harju is the largest county in Estonia in terms of population, as almost half (45%) of Estonia's population lives in Harju County.
Thaton District
Thaton District (Burmese: သထုံခရိုင်; Mon: ခရီုသဓီု; Karen: Doo The Htoo; Pa-O: သထွုံႏခရဲင်ႏ; is a district of the Mon State in Myanmar. The capital is Thaton town. The district covers an area of 5,157 km2, and had a population of 822,172 at the 2014 Census.

Mon language
The Mon language, formerly known as Peguan and Talaing, is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon people. Mon, like the related Khmer language, but unlike most languages in mainland Southeast Asia, is not tonal. The Mon language is a recognised indigenous language in Myanmar as well as an indigenous language of Thailand.

Mon was classified as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's 2010 Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. The Mon language has faced assimilative pressures in both Myanmar and Thailand, where many individuals of Mon descent are now monolingual in Burmese or Thai respectively. In 2007, Mon speakers were estimated to number between 1,800,000 and 2 million. In Myanmar, the majority of Mon speakers live in Southern Myanmar, especially Mon State, followed by Tanintharyi Region and Kayin State.
The Natural History of Aleppo
The Natural History of Aleppo is a 1756 book by naturalist Alexander Russell on the natural history of Aleppo. In 1794 his half-brother, Patrick Russell, revised and expanded the text in a second edition. The book is significant for its quality, the contemporary interest it attracted, and for being a product of the Scottish Enlightenment.

When the book was published it was immediately an important European record and perspective on the state of contemporary science in Syria.

The book contains the earliest known description of the Syrian hamster.

Patrick Russell (herpetologist)
Patrick Russell (6 February 1726, Edinburgh – 2 July 1805, London) was a Scottish surgeon and naturalist who worked in India. He studied the snakes of India and is considered the "Father of Indian Ophiology". Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is named after him, as is Russell's kukri snake (Oligodon russelius).
Dioxopromethazine
Dioxopromethazine, sold under the trade name Prothanon (Lat. Dioxopromethazinum), is an phenothiazine antihistamine, which is widely used in clinical practice in the form of a racemate for the treatment of respiratory diseases or allergic diseases, commonly used in the form of hydrochloride or hydrogels, especially as eye drops. It was first developed and synthesized in the German Democratic Republic in 1967 and later introduced into clinical practice. It was widely used from the 1970s to 1990s, after which there was a proposal to remove Dioxopromethazine from the pharmaceutical market.

Hydrochloride
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
Bolam (surname)
Bolam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Irene Craigmile Bolam (1904–1982), American banker

James Bolam (born 1935), English actor

John Bolam (1922–2009), British artist

Ken Bolam, British film and television composer

Margaret Dale (dancer) (1922–2010), born Margaret Elisabeth Bolam, British dancer

Silvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor

Irene Craigmile Bolam
Irene Craigmile Bolam (born Irene Madalaine O'Crowley; October 1, 1904 – July 7, 1982) was an American banker and resident of Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. In 1970, a book that she discredited set forth an allegation that she was Amelia Earhart. Bolam took legal action against the publisher (McGraw Hill), resulting in the book being withdrawn although it has since gone back on the market.
Keagan Masters
Keagan Masters (born 2 March 2000) is a South African racing driver who currently competes in the Porsche Supercup. He has taken three championship titles in the series, two in the GTC2 Class (2017, 2018) and one in the GTC Class (2019).

Porsche Supercup
The Porsche Supercup (officially known as Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup, known as Porsche Michelin Supercup prior to 2007 and often abbreviated as PSC) is an international one-make production stock car racing series supporting the FIA Formula One World Championship organized by Porsche Motorsport GmbH.

Porsche Supercup drivers compete in identical Porsche 911 GT3 Cup cars. On average, 24 race cars take part in each race. Most circuits visited by the series are European, although circuits in Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, the United States and Mexico have been included in the calendar as well.
The Song of the Marines
"The Song of the Marines" is a song composed by Harry Warren with lyrics by Al Dubin. It was featured in the 1937 Warner Bros. film, The Singing Marine where it was sung by actor Dick Powell.

Later, Warner Bros. Cartoons used the song in several shorts, including the Porky Pig short Porky the Gob (1938). A shortened version (replacing the lines "It may be Shanghai, farewell and goodbye" with "We're leaving today, it's anchors aweigh") was sung several times in the Daffy Duck cartoon Conrad the Sailor (1942) and several opening bars of it in Duck Amuck (1953), plus the Sylvester and Tweety cartoon Snow Business (1953)

In 1962, Dick Powell, star of The Singing Marine, reprised the song in a cameo appearance in the Ensign O'Toole episode "Operation Benefit", a TV series owned by his production company, Four Star Television. It was one of his final filmed appearances.

The Singing Marine
The Singing Marine is a 1937 American musical film directed by Ray Enright and Busby Berkeley and starring Dick Powell. It was the last of Powell's trio of service-related Warners films:  1934's Flirtation Walk paid tribute, of sorts, to the Army, and 1935's Shipmates Forever to the Navy. This one is distinguished by its two musical sequences directed by Busby Berkeley.
Southern Berlin suburban railway
The Southern Berlin suburban railway or Südliche Berliner Vorortbahn A.G. (SBV) was a tramway company in the southern part of Berlin, whose lines primarily ran within the then-independent municipalities of Schöneberg, Rixdorf (later Neukölln), Tempelhof, and Britz. In addition, the company owned several lines that were exclusively used by vehicles operated by other companies. The fleet consisted of 30 railcars. Sidecars, depots, staff, and administration were owned by the Große Berliner Straßenbahn (GBS), which became the majority shareholder in 1910. SBV remained independent until 1919, when it was merged into GBS.

Share capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash.
2013 WSA World Tour
The WSA World Tour 2013 is the international squash tour and organized circuit, organized by the Women's Squash Association (WSA) for the 2013 squash season. The most important tournament in the series is the World Open held in Penang in Malaysia in March 2014. The tour features three categories of regular events, the World Series, which features the highest prize money and the best fields, Gold and Silver tournaments.

2013 Women's World Open Squash Championship
The 2013 Women's World Open Squash Championship is the women's edition of the 2013 World Open, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place at SPICE Arena in Penang in Malaysia from 14 March to 21 March 2014. Laura Massaro won her first World Open title, beating Nour El Sherbini in the final.
Olympia Theatre (New York City)
The Olympia Theatre (1514–16 Broadway at 44th Street), also known as Hammerstein's Olympia and later the Lyric Theatre and the New York Theatre, was a theater complex built by impresario Oscar Hammerstein I at Longacre Square (later Times Square) in Manhattan, New York City, opening in 1895.

It consisted of a theater, a music hall, a concert hall, and a roof garden. Later, sections of the structure were substantially remodeled and used for both live theatre and for motion pictures. As a cinema, it was also known at various times as the Vitagraph Theatre and the Criterion Theatre.

1776 (musical)
1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone. The show is based on the events leading up to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, telling a story of the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document. The show premiered on Broadway in 1969 where it received acclaim and won three Tony Awards, including Best Musical. The original production starred William Daniels as Adams, Ken Howard as Thomas Jefferson, and Howard Da Silva as Benjamin Franklin.

In 1972, it was made into a film adaptation, with Daniels, Howard, and Da Silva reprising their roles. It has received three New York revivals: on Broadway in 1997, an Encores! concert in 2016, and a 2022 Broadway production in which the racially diverse cast was entirely made up of people who identify as female, trans, or non-binary.
Ashwin Raman
Ashwin Raman (born 18 June 1946) is a German journalist and documentary filmmaker of Indian descent. Raman is notable for a number of prize-winning documentaries which have garnered him the Grimme Prize (2017), the Robert Geisendörfer Prize (2012), Otto Brenner Special Award, the international CNN Rory Peck Award and the Deutscher Fernsehpreis, among others.

Deutscher Fernsehpreis
The Deutscher Fernsehpreis (German Television Award) is an annual German award for television programming, created in 1999, by German television channels Das Erste, ZDF, RTL and Sat.1. It was created to be an equivalent to the Emmy Awards, though it is not organized by an academy. The Fernsehpreis is the successor to both the Telestar (Das Erste and ZDF) and the Goldener Löwe (RTL) awards.
Ultra South Africa
Ultra South Africa is Africa's largest electronic music festival and is part of Ultra Music Festival's worldwide expansion which has now spread to twenty countries. Ultra South Africa is a single day event taking place in two cities (Johannesburg and Cape Town). Having debuted in 2014, Ultra South Africa is the third longest standing world editions of the festival behind Ultra Europe and Ultra Korea. Ultra South Africa is a strictly 18 and over event.

Kshmr
Niles Hollowell-Dhar (born October 6, 1988), known professionally as Kshmr (pronounced "Kashmir" and stylized in all caps), is an American musician, DJ, songwriter, record producer, former rapper, and singer who came to prominence as a member of the production team the Cataracs under the stage name Cyrano. He was ranked 23rd on DJ Mag's 2015 Top 100 DJs poll and was awarded highest new entry for the year. In the same poll he elevated to 12th in 2016 and 2017, and again in 2020. He was ranked 11th in the same poll in 2021; and in 2022 in same poll he ranked 12. In July 2017, he launched Dharma Worldwide, a sublabel of Spinnin' Records. Kshmr performed live at many music festivals like Coachella, Tomorrowland, EDC, Ultra and Sunburn.
Canzibe Hospital
Canzibe Hospital is a Provincial government funded hospital in Canzibe, Eastern Cape in South Africa.

The hospital departments include Emergency department, Paediatric ward, Maternity ward, Gynaecology Services, Out Patients Department, Surgical Services, Medical Services, Operating Theatre & CSSD Services, Pharmacy, Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, Post Trauma Counseling Services, Physiotherapy, Occupational Services, Laboratory Services, X-ray Services, Laundry Services and Kitchen Services.

Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.
Prisoner in Disguise
Prisoner In Disguise (1975) is Linda Ronstadt's sixth solo LP release and her second for the label Asylum Records. It followed Ronstadt's multi-platinum breakthrough album, Heart Like a Wheel, which became her first number one album on the US Billboard 200 album chart in early 1975.

David Campbell (composer)
David Richard Campbell (born 7 February 1948) is a Canadian-American arranger, composer, musician, and conductor. He has composed and arranged music for many films, including North Country (2005), Brokeback Mountain (2005), August: Osage County (2013), Annie (2014), Foxcatcher (2014),  Rock of Ages (2012),  Dreamgirls (2006),  and Joy (2015). He has also worked on over 450 gold and platinum albums by artists of a wide range of genres, including The Rolling Stones, Neil Diamond, Metallica, Radiohead, Evanescence, Rush, Beyoncé, Muse, Michael Jackson, Aaliyah, Ariana Grande, Harry Styles, Aerosmith, Juanes, Garth Brooks, and various albums by his son Beck.
FC Baden
Fussballclub Baden 1897, simply known as FC Baden, is a Swiss football club based in Baden, Canton Aargau, which is a short distance from Zürich. It was founded in 1897. FC Baden has a total of 22 different teams at age levels, including five women's teams. They currently play in the 1st League Classic from 2025–26, the fourth tier of Swiss football after relegation from Promotion League in 2024–25.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Fayetteville Dogwood Festival
The Fayetteville Dogwood Festival in an annual three day festival in Fayetteville, North Carolina, celebrated on the 4th weekend in April. Events including music from both national and local musicians, arts and crafts, various artists and educational resources for children. The Festival began in 1982 due to the efforts of then mayor Bill Hurley, John Malzone, and others. 2017 was the largest festival to date, bringing in over 250,000 visitors.

2020 saw the festival go on hiatus, after trying to reschedule to October caused by COVID-19 pandemic.

Fayetteville, North Carolina
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil, locally /ˈfɛdvəl/ FED-vəl) is a city in and the county seat of Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. Fort Bragg, a U.S. Army installation, is located in the city.

Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League four times. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 208,501. It is the 6th-most populous city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.

With an estimated population of 392,336 in 2023, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the second-most populous city in southeastern North Carolina and the 142nd-most populous in the United States. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover.