hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aldbrough St John
Aldbrough St John is a village and civil parish (called just Aldbrough) in North Yorkshire, England.  The parish has a population of 325 (2001 census), increasing to 392 at the 2011 Census.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Richmondshire, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The village is 6 miles (9 km) west of Darlington, 7 miles (12 km) north of Richmond and 2 miles (3 km) north of junction 56 on the A1(M) motorway. The road north from junction 56 of the A1(M) is part of Dere Street and runs up to Piercebridge and beyond. Because of its proximity to the Roman Road in the east, the A66 (former Roman Road) to the south and the River Tees to the north, suggestions of Romano-British settlements persist around the village.

Dere Street
Dere Street or Deere Street is a modern designation of a Roman road which ran north from Eboracum (York), crossing the Stanegate at Corbridge (Hadrian's Wall was crossed at the Portgate, just to the north) and continuing beyond into what is now Scotland, later at least as far as the Antonine Wall. It was the Romans' major route for communications and supplies to the north and to Scotland. Portions of its route are still followed by modern roads, including the A1(M) (south of the River Tees), the B6275 road through Piercebridge, where Dere Street crosses the River Tees, and the A68 north of Corbridge in Northumberland.
Ural Republic
The Ural Republic (Russian: Уральская Республика) was an unrecognized subject of the Russian Federation that existed from July 1, 1993 to November 9, 1993 within the boundaries of Sverdlovsk Oblast region of North Asia. It was formed as a result of a referendum held on April 12, 1993 by Eduard Rossel.

It was organized by a team of local politicians, of which one of them, Anton Bakov, is also the author of the project of a currency for the Republic, the Ural franc.

Eduard Rossel
Eduard Ergartovich Rossel (Russian: Эдуард Эргартович Россель; born 8 October 1937) is a Russian politician who served as Governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast from 1995 to 2009 and, from 2009 to 2022, as a member of the Federation Council.
Berthold Benecke
Berthold Adolph Benecke (27 February 1843, Elbing – 27 February 1886, Königsberg) was a German anatomist and embryologist. He made contributions in diverse subjects such as photomicrography and fish farming.

Beginning in 1861 he studied medicine at the University of Königsberg, where his influences were surgeon Albrecht Wagner and botanist Robert Caspary. From 1870 to 1877 he served as an instructor and prosector at the anatomical institute in Königsberg. In 1877 he was appointed to the chair of topographical anatomy at the university.

University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (German: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was a university in Königsberg, East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia and received the royal privilege by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1560. The university was commonly known as the Albertina.

Following World War II, the city of Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) was transferred to the Soviet Union under the terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population was expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
HMS Dumbarton Castle
Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Dumbarton Castle after Dumbarton Castle.

HMS Dumbarton Castle (1707), originally of the Royal Scots Navy, was a frigate taken into the Royal Navy in 1707.

HMS Dumbarton Castle (K388) was launched as Castle-class corvette and was later re-designated frigate. She was built in 1944 and saw service in the North Atlantic before being placed into reserve in 1946 before being scrapped.

HMS Dumbarton Castle (P265) was a Castle-class patrol vessel launched in 1981 and sold in 2010 to Bangladesh as BNS Bijoy.

HMS Dumbarton Castle (1707)
HMS Dumbarton Castle was the Royal Scottish Naval vessel of the same name transferred to the Royal Navy by the Act of Union of 1707. Her design was based on the standardize 20-gun sixth rates building in England at the time. After commissioning she was assigned to Home Waters. She was captured by the French in April 1708 off Waterford.

Dumbarton Castle was the first named vessel in the Royal Navy.
Banking in Manchester
Manchester's first bank was the Manchester Bank of Byrom, Allen, Sedgwick and Place on Bank Street in 1771. Over the next century many new banks were founded. They built impressive buildings in the city. The Co-operative Bank was formed in 1872 as the Loan and Deposit Department of Manchester's Co-operative Wholesale Society, becoming the CWS Bank four years later. However, the bank did not become a registered company until 1971. Its global headquarters is in Balloon Street, and the group headquarters is in the Co-operative Insurance Tower on Miller Street.

The Co-operative Group
The Co-operative Group Limited, trading as Co-op and formerly known as the Co-operative Wholesale Society, is a British consumer co-operative with a group of retail businesses, including grocery retail and wholesale, legal services, funerals and insurance, and social enterprise.

The group has its headquarters located at One Angel Square in Manchester, England. The Group also manages the Co-operative Federal Trading Services, formerly the Co-operative Retail Trading Group (CRTG).
Helena Takalo
Anni Helena Takalo (née Kivioja, born 28 October 1947) is a Finnish former cross-country skier. She was born in Nivala, and was dominant women's cross-country skiing in the 1970s, earning five Winter Olympic medals and four FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medals (golds in 5 km and 4 × 5 km relay (both 1978), and bronzes in 3 × 5 km relay (1970), 10 km (1974), and 20 km (1978).).

Takalo also won the women's 5 km at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1976. For her cross-country skiing successes, she earned the Holmenkollen medal in 1977 (Shared with Hilkka Riihivuori and Walter Steiner).

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Battle of Saragarhi
The Battle of Saragarhi was a last-stand battle fought before the Tirah Campaign between the British Indian Empire and Afghan tribesmen. On 12 September 1897, an estimated 12,000–24,000 Orakzai and Afridi tribesmen were seen near Gogra, at Samana Suk, and around Saragarhi, cutting off Fort Gulistan from Fort Lockhart. The Afghans attacked the outpost of Saragarhi where thousands of them swarmed and surrounded the fort, preparing to assault it. Led by Havildar Ishar Singh, the 21 soldiers in the fort—all of whom were Sikhs—refused to surrender and were wiped out in a last stand. The post was recaptured two days later by another British Indian contingent.

All of the 21 soldiers involved in the battle were posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit, which was the highest gallantry award that an Indian soldier could receive at the time. The Indian Army's 4th Battalion of the Sikh Regiment commemorates the battle every year on 12 September as Saragarhi Day.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Murchadh Bacagh Ó Cobhthaigh
Murchadh Bacagh Ó Cobhthaigh, Irish poet, died 1478.

Ó Cobhthaigh was a member of a hereditary bardic family based in what is now County Westmeath.  His obit in the Annals of the Four Masters describe him as an ollamh, a professor of poetry, indicating that his verses were very highly regarded. No examples of his work is known to survive.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Nicolae Dumitru (footballer)
Nicolae "Nicușor" Dumitru (12 December 1928 – 8 August 2005) was a Romanian player and manager.

He is the most successful manager in Romania, winning the Romanian first league on seven occasions, all with Dinamo București. Dumitru also won two Romanian Cups, and went on to guide Dinamo to the European Cup semi-finals in the 1983–84 season. He has a total of 558 matches as manager in Divizia A.

As a player, he played as a forward, spending most of his career with Dinamo București.

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
2016–17 South African Premiership
The 2016–17 South African Premiership season (known as the ABSA Premiership for sponsorship reasons) is the 21st season of the Premiership since its establishment in 1996.

Mamelodi Sundowns were the defending champions, having won the previous 2015–16 South African Premier Division (PSL) season. The season featured 14 teams from the 2015–16 season and two new teams promoted from the 2015–16 National First Division: Baroka and Highlands Park who replace relegated Jomo Cosmos and University of Pretoria. Highlands Park promotion was won via the PSL Playoff Tournament. Cape Town City bought over the franchise of Mpumalanga Black Aces and relocated from Mbombela Stadium to Cape Town Stadium. The sale of Free State Stars franchise to Moroka Swallows fell through.

Mbombela Stadium
The Mbombela Stadium is a football and Rugby union all-seater stadium in Mbombela in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It was one of 10 venues for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and one of 5 newly constructed stadiums for the tournament. It is the home ground to the soccer team TS Galaxy, who play in the Premiership, and the Pumas rugby team.  It is an all-seater stadium, with 43,500 seats, almost all under roof.

It is located 6 kilometres west of Mbombela, the capital of the Mpumalanga province and is the largest venue in the province.  The R1,050-million facility was ready for use well ahead of the June 2010 World Cup kickoff and was funded entirely through central government taxpayer funding, requiring no financing by the city.
ST Koraaga
Koraaga was a Castle-class steel-hulled trawler built in 1914 by Smith's Dock Company, South Bank, Middlesbrough. She was requisitioned as an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in October 1917 for minesweeping duties during World War I, but she was never commissioned. Koraaga returned to be operated commercially as a fishing trawler until she wrecked when she struck a reef off Bass Point whilst carrying returning to Sydney. She was refloated on the tide after having becoming stranded and drifted till she was finally lost five miles (8.0 km) east of Black Head, Gerringong on 10 September 1931.

Gerringong, New South Wales
Gerringong (/dʒɛrɪŋɡɒŋ/) is a town located about ten minutes drive south of Kiama, and about twenty minutes north of Nowra in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia in the Municipality of Kiama. At the 2021 census, Gerringong had a population of 4,165. One theory says that the name derives from an Aboriginal word meaning "fearful place".
Ang Panday (2009 film)
Ang Panday (lit. 'The Blacksmith') is a 2009 Filipino action fantasy film adapted from Carlo J. Caparas' Panday comics. Directed by Rico Gutierrez and Mac Alejandre, it stars Ramon "Bong" Revilla in the title role, Phillip Salvador and Iza Calzado. It was one of the entries in the 2009 Metro Manila Film Festival.

Revilla previously starred as a version of the title character, Flavio the blacksmith, in the 1993 film Dugo ng Panday. Phillip Salvador, who plays the antagonist Lizardo, portrayed Flavio in a television series adaptation of Ang Panday (2005).

Carlo J. Caparas
Carlo Magno Jose Caparas (March 12, 1943 – May 24, 2024) was a Filipino comic strip creator, writer, film director, and producer. He was best known for creating several Filipino superheroes and comic book characters, including Panday, Bakekang, Totoy Bato, Joaquin Bordado, Kamagong, Kamandag, Elias Paniki, Tasya Fantasya, and Gagambino, among others. He also gained recognition as the writer-director of numerous sensationalist "massacre" films, such as The Myrna Diones Story, The Maggie dela Riva Story, and Lipa 'Arandia' Massacre.
Mehtar, Tajikistan
Mehtar (Tajik: Меҳтар), also spelled Mitar (Tajik: Митар), is a village in north-western Tajikistan. It is located in Spitamen District of Sughd Region, on the left bank of the Ak-Suu River, opposite the village of Langar on the right bank. The village lies a few kilometers downstream from Alga, a village in neighboring Kyrgyzstan. As of 2017, Mehtar had a population of 2,505.

Alga, Leylek
Alga (Kyrgyz: Алга), also called Jar-Kyshtak (Kyrgyz: Жар-Кыштак), is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Ak-Suu Rural Administration in Leylek District. Its population was 1,607 in 2022, up from 1,022 in 2009.

Alga adjoins the village of Jenish and lies along the Ak-Suu River. It is located 19 km (12 mi) northwest of the district capital, Razzakov.
Nezhegol (river)
Nezhegol (Russian: Нежеголь) is a river in Belgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Seversky Donets. It is 75 kilometres (47 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 2,940 square kilometres (1,140 sq mi). The average discharge is 8.3 m³/sek (3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from its mouth).

Five kilometres (3 mi) before its mouth in the Seversky Donets lies the town of Shebekino.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Cockcroft–Walton generator
The Cockcroft–Walton (CW) generator, or multiplier, is an electric circuit that generates a high DC voltage from a low-voltage AC.  It was named after the British and Irish physicists John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, who in 1932 used this circuit design to power their particle accelerator, performing the first accelerator-induced nuclear disintegration in history.  They used this voltage multiplier cascade for most of their research, which in 1951 won them the Nobel Prize in Physics for "Transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles".

The circuit was developed in 1919, by Heinrich Greinacher, a Swiss physicist. For this reason, this doubler cascade is sometimes also referred to as the Greinacher multiplier.  Cockcroft–Walton circuits are still used in particle accelerators. They also are used in everyday electronic devices that require high voltages, such as dental X-ray machines and air ionizers.

X-ray machine
An X-ray machine is a device that uses X-rays for a variety of applications including medicine, X-ray fluorescence, electronic assembly inspection, and measurement of material thickness in manufacturing operations. In medical applications, X-ray machines are used by radiographers to acquire x-ray images of the internal structures (e.g., bones) of living organisms, and also in sterilization.
Guaracara Park
Guaracara Park is a cricket and football ground owned and operated by Trinidad and Tobago's state enterprise that primarily deals with the refining of crude petroleum, Petrotrin. It is located within the confines of their oil refinery at Pointe-à-Pierre. The ground is situated on the northern bank of the Guaracara River. The oil refinery with its gas flare is clearly visible from the ground.

Petrotrin
Petroleum Company of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (trading as Petrotrin) was a state-owned oil company in Trinidad and Tobago. Its principal activities were the exploration, development and production of hydrocarbons in addition to the manufacturing and marketing of petroleum products.

As a state enterprise, Petrotrin was under the direct control of the Minister of Finance acting as the Corporation Sole, and the Ministry of Energy as the line ministry that provides specialized technical analyses and statutory approvals for the company's operations.
Night Moves (Bob Seger song)
"Night Moves" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Seger. It was the lead single from his ninth studio album of the same name (1976), which was released on Capitol Records. Seger wrote the song as a coming of age tale about adolescent love and adult memory of it. It was based on Seger's teenage love affair, which he experienced in the early 1960s. It took him six months to write and was recorded quickly at Nimbus Nine Studios in Toronto, Ontario, with producer Jack Richardson. As much of Seger's Silver Bullet Band had returned home by this point, the song was recorded with several local session musicians.

Released as a single in December 1976, it reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Seger's first hit single since "Ramblin' Gamblin' Man" from 1969. It also charted at number five in Canada and was a top 25 hit in Australia. The song changed Seger from a popular regional favorite to a national star.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Glenwood Terrace Residential Historic District
The Glenwood Terrace Residential Historic District is a historic district in Anniston, Alabama.  The district consists of fifteen houses along a 2-block portion of divided boulevard in the east side of the city.  The street was laid out in 1915 by developers W. H. Orrison, W. G. Johnston, L. C. Watson, and Walker Reynolds, and includes large lots and cast iron street lamps identical to those downtown.  The street attracted upper-class families, who built 2- and 2-and-a-half-story houses in styles popular in the interwar period, such as Colonial Revival, Neoclassical, and Tudor Revival.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Street light
A street light, light pole, lamp pole, lamppost, streetlamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights may be found on a railway platform. When urban electric power distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban streets followed, or sometimes led.

Many lamps have light-sensitive photocells or astro clocks that activate the lamp automatically when needed, at times when there is reduced ambient light compared to daytime, such as at dusk, dawn, or under exceptional cloud cover. This function in older lighting systems could be performed with the aid of a solar dial.
Atefeh
Atefeh (Persian: عاطفه, lit. 'feelings, affection, kind-hearted'), is a feminine given name of Persian origin.

People with this name include:

Atefeh Ahmadi (born 2000), Iranian alpine skier

Atefeh Nabavi, Iranian student activist

Atefeh Razavi (born 1969), Iranian actress and makeup artist

Atefeh Riazi, American information technologist

Atefeh Sahaaleh (1987–2004), Iranian convicted woman, charged with crime after being raped for many years, and then executed

Atefeh Nabavi
Atefeh Nabavi is an Iranian student activist. In November 2009, she was imprisoned for four years for participating in post-election protests. She is the first woman to be sentenced for participating in protests in the aftermath of the disputed Iranian election.

She was freed in May 2012, after nearly three full years in prison.
Bungo Kokubun-ji
Bungo Kokubun-ji (豊後国分寺) is a Buddhist temple in the Kokubu neighborhood of the city of Ōita, Ōita Prefecture Japan. It belongs to the Tendai sect, and its honzon is a statue of  Yakushi Nyōrai.  It claims to be the successor of the provincial temple established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). Its honzon is a statue of  Yakushi Nyōrai.  The foundation stones and remaining traces of the Nara-period temple were designated as a National Historic Site in 1933.

Buddhist temples in Japan
Buddhist temples or monasteries are (along with Shinto shrines) the most numerous, famous, and important religious buildings in Japan. The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period (late 16th century). The Japanese word for a Buddhist monastery is tera (寺) (kun reading), and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji (on reading), so temple names frequently end in -dera (voiced) or -ji. Another ending, -in (院), is normally used to refer to minor temples. Examples of temple names that have these suffixes are Kiyomizu-dera, Enryaku-ji and Kōtoku-in.
Tiit Land
Tiit Land (born 25 September 1964, Tartu) is an Estonian biochemist.

From 1994 until 1999, Land worked as a researcher at the National Institutes of Health in the United States. From 1999 until 2006, he was a researcher and lecturer at the Stockholm University's Neurochemistry Neurotoxicology Institute. From 2007 until 2011 he worked as a professor and chair of chemistry at Tallinn University's Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Mathematics, and Natural Sciences. On 14 February 2011, Land was elected rector of Tallinn University. On 8 February 2016, he was re-elected for a second term.

Since 1 September 2020, he is the rector of Tallinn University of Technology.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.