hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Johnstone (British Army officer)
Major-General George Johnstone (died 19 December 1825) was a British Army officer.  He was commissioned into the infantry 1780, serving in Grenada during Fédon's rebellion in 1795–96.  He was afterwards transferred to command a regiment of fencibles in New Brunswick, where he served for a year as acting Lieutenant Governor. In 1810, he was given command of a Highland regiment which served on garrison duty in Cape Colony.  Johnstone was promoted to major general in 1814 and given command of the 6th Brigade in the 1815 Waterloo campaign.  His brigade was not engaged in the 18 June Battle of Waterloo as they were posted to the extreme right flank, protecting the approaches to Brussels and Ostend.  His men fought in the subsequent advance to Paris and helped to storm the fortress of Cambrai on 24 June.

Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick
The lieutenant governor of New Brunswick (/lɛfˈtɛnənt/, in French: Lieutenant-gouverneur (if male) or Lieutenante-gouverneure (if female) du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the representative in New Brunswick of the monarch, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada. The lieutenant governor of New Brunswick is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The current Lieutenant Governor is Louise Imbeault, since 22 January 2025.
Simon Walker (historian)
Simon Walker (24 January 1958 – 26 February 2004) was a British historian of late-medieval England. Born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, he was educated at Charterhouse School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He was awarded a Prize Fellowship of All Souls College, Oxford where he completed his D.Phil thesis on John of Gaunt. In 1984 he was appointed to a lectureship at the University of Sheffield, and was subsequently promoted to Reader. In 1999 he was appointed a vice-warden of All Souls and gained an Extraordinary Research Fellowship at the College.

Walker's work focused on late-medieval political history, more specifically on the relations between nobles and retainers within the framework often referred to as bastard feudalism. His best-known work, The Lancastrian Affinity, 1361–1399 (1990), explored the retinue of John of Gaunt. Walker died of cancer in 2004.

Charterhouse School
Charterhouse is a private school providing boarding facilities for pupils aged 13–18 in Godalming, Surrey, England. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 1000 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years. Charterhouse is one of the original nine English public schools reported upon by the Clarendon Commission in 1864 leading to its regulation by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Charterhouse charges full boarders around £48,038.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026), alongside charging day pupils around £37,418.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026) . It educated the British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool and has numerous notable alumni.
FG-46
The FG-46 (a.k.a. EPKM and SpaB-170) is a Chinese spin stabilized solid rocket motor burning HTPB-based composite propellant. It was developed by China Hexi Chemical and Machinery Corporation (also known as the 6th Academy of CASIC) for use in the Long March 2E on GTO missions. It first flew as a prototype SPTS-M14 on July 16, 1990 on the Badr A mission. It had its first commercial mission orbiting the AsiaSat 2 on November 28, 1995 and exactly one month later, on December 28 its second and last mission for EchoStar 1.

It has a total nominal mass of 6,001 kg (13,230 lb), of which 5,444 kg (12,002 lb) is propellant load and its burn out mass is 529 kg (1,166 lb). It has an average thrust of 190 kN (43,000 lbf) with a specific impulse of 292 seconds burning for 87 seconds, with a total impulse of 1.589 MN (357,000 lbf). It is spin stabilized at 40 rpm and the propellant mass can be reduced by up to 350 kg (770 lb) eight months before launch or up to 15 kg (33 lb) on the launch site.

Revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.
One revolution per minute is equivalent to ⁠1/60⁠ hertz.
Ramón Trabal
Ramón Trabal Calvo (20 September 1903 - 24 April 1947) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder.

A historical member of Espanyol in the 1920s, he was one of the first footballers to play for Espanyol for his entire career, and thus to be part of the so-called one-club men group.

1923–24 Prince of Asturias Cup
The 1923–24 Prince of Asturias Cup was the sixth tournament of the Prince of Asturias Cup, which is an inter-regional football competition contested by the regional selections of Spain.

The pre-favourites to win were the Catalan team because at that time they had great international figures such as the Spanish goalkeeper Ricardo Zamora or the Barcelona players Josep Samitier, the Filipino Paulino Alcántara and the Argentine Emili Sagi-Barba, and they proved the favouritism by prevailing in a dramatic final against a Castile/Madrid XI.
Quảng Trạch district
Quảng Trạch (listenⓘ) is a former district of Quảng Bình province in the North Central Coast of Vietnam.

The Hòn La Economic Zone is located in this district. Hòn La has a capacity for vessels up to 10,000 metric tons, and may handle up to 12 million metric tons at full capacity. A coal-fueled thermoelectric plant with a total designed capacity of 2,400 MW was built by Petrovietnam in 2009.

As of 2013 the district had a population of 95,542. The district covers an area of 450.70 km2 (174.02 sq mi). The district capital lies at Quảng Phương.

Hòa Trạch
Hòa Trạch is a commune (xã) and village in Quảng Trị Province, in Vietnam.

On June 16, 2025, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly issued Resolution No. 1680/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the reorganization of commune-level administrative units in Quảng Trị Province in 2025. Accordingly, the entire natural area and population of Quảng Châu, Quảng Tùng, and Cảnh Dương communes were reorganized to form a new commune named Hòa Trạch Commune.

16°18′N 107°59′E﻿ / ﻿16.300°N 107.983°E﻿ / 16.300; 107.983
Léopold Héder
Léopold Héder (born August 16, 1918, in Cayenne, French Guiana, and died June 9, 1978, in Cambo-les-Bains, France) was a socialist politician from French Guiana who served in the French National Assembly from 1962 to 1967 and in the French Senate from 1971 to 1978. He presented himself as successor to Justin Catayée.

Cambo-les-Bains
Cambo-les-Bains (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃bo le bɛ̃]; Basque: Kanbo) is a town in the traditional Basque province of Labourd, now in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It lies on the south-western bank of the river Nive. Cambo-les-Bains station has rail connections to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port and Bayonne.
Albumin transport function analysis by EPR spectroscopy
Albumin transport function analysis by EPR spectroscopy is an in vitro blood test that detects changes to the transport and molecular conformation of serum albumin using the method of EPR spectroscopy. The test is used for diagnosis of cancer, sepsis and toxemia.

Serum albumin
Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene. Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin, are chemically similar.

Serum albumin is produced by the liver, occurs dissolved in blood plasma and is the most abundant blood protein in mammals. Albumin is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids between blood vessels and body tissues; without albumin, the high pressure in the blood vessels would force more fluids out into the tissues. It also acts as a plasma carrier by non-specifically binding several hydrophobic steroid hormones and as a transport protein for hemin and fatty acids. Too much or too little circulating serum albumin may be harmful.
Antoine Girouard
Antoine Girouard (April 25, 1836 – June 7, 1904) was a political figure in New Brunswick of Acadian origin. He represented Kent County from 1870 to 1874 in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as a Conservative member.

He was born and educated in Sainte-Marie-de-Kent, New Brunswick. Girouard was a justice of the peace. In 1856, he married Isabella Caisie.

Sainte-Marie-de-Kent, New Brunswick
Sainte-Marie-de-Kent (most often referred to as Sainte-Marie) is an unincorporated Canadian village located at the intersection of Route 515 and Route 525 in Kent County, New Brunswick.  It is in the parish of Saint Mary.

The village is located 45 km north of Moncton and its residents are largely Acadians, most of whom speak French in its local variant Chiac.

Sainte-Marie-de-Kent is the site of the  Kent County Agricultural Fair, one of New Brunswick's oldest and largest agricultural fairs, a five-day event which has been held annually since 1956, during the final full week of August.
Jye Mullane
Jye Mullane (born 29 July 1981) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks and Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles.

In 2005 he signed with NSW Waratahs Australian Rugby Union and played domestically for Southern Districts Rebels (2006) and Northern Suburbs (2007). At this time the Australian Rugby Championship (ARC) was established nationally. Jye represented the Central Coast Rays in successfully taking out the maiden premiership. From this Jye relocated to France debuting with the successful Lézignan Sangliers 2007 premiership winning team before signing on with Béziers rugby ProD2 competition.

Mullane went onto play six seasons in France spanning both rugby league and rugby union before returning to Australia to assist his local junior club De La Salle win an A grade Final in 2013

FC Lézignan XIII
Football Club de Lézignan (often referred to as the Lézignan Sangliers) are a semi-professional rugby league football club based in Lézignan-Corbières in the department of Aude in the south of France. They play in the Super XIII. They have won seven French Championship titles and six Lord Derby Cups.

The club was founded in 1903. In 1939 the club switched codes and began playing rugby league, which had gained success with the formation of the French championship in 1934. In the 2007-08 season the club, led by their French international player-coach James Wynne, won the French Championship for the first time in 30 years and reached the fourth round of the Challenge Cup. They currently play in the Super XIII at the Stade du Moulin and are coached by Cédric Lacans and Cyril Stacul
Lea Whitford
Lea Whitford is a Democratic member of the Montana Senate who represented the 8th District from 2015 to 2019.  She was previously a member of the Montana House of Representatives for the 16th District from 2013 to 2015. She defeated former representative Lila Evans in 2012 by a margin of 1,823 to 935.

She is a member of the Blackfeet Nation, and lives on a ranch in Cut Bank, Montana. She has taught at Blackfeet Community College and Browning High School in Browning, Montana.

Blackfeet Community College
Blackfeet Community College is a private tribal land-grant community college on the Blackfeet reservation in Browning, Montana.
The Blackfeet reservation occupies an area of 1,525,712 acres adjacent to Glacier National Park, Lewis and Clark National Forest, and the province of Alberta, Canada. In 1994, the college was designated a land-grant college alongside 31 other tribal colleges.
Beaver in the Sierra Nevada
The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) had a historic range that overlapped the Sierra Nevada in California. Before the European colonization of the Americas, beaver were distributed from the arctic tundra to the deserts of northern Mexico. The California Golden beaver subspecies (Castor canadensis subauratus) was prevalent in the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds, including their tributaries in the Sierra Nevada. Recent evidence indicates that beaver were native to the High Sierra until their extirpation in the nineteenth century.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), formerly known as the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG), is an American state agency under the California Natural Resources Agency. The Department of Fish and Wildlife manages and protects the state's wildlife, wildflowers, trees, mushrooms, algae (kelp and seaweed) and native habitats (ecosystems). The department is responsible for regulatory enforcement and management of related recreational, commercial, scientific, and educational uses. The department also prevents illegal poaching.
Autogamy
Autogamy or self-fertilization refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants. However, species of protists have also been observed using autogamy as a means of reproduction. Flowering plants engage in autogamy regularly, while the protists that engage in autogamy only do so in stressful environments.

Outcrossing
Out-crossing or out-breeding is the technique of crossing between different breeds. This is the practice of introducing distantly related genetic material into a breeding line, thereby increasing genetic diversity.
Argentat
Argentat (French pronunciation: [aʁʒɑ̃ta]) is a former commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Argentat-sur-Dordogne.

Paten
A paten or diskos is a small plate used for the celebration of the Eucharist (as in a mass). It is generally used during the liturgy itself, while the reserved sacrament are stored in the tabernacle in a ciborium.
Jonny Hurst
Jonny Hurst (born 11 June 1966), originally from Solihull, Birmingham, latterly Wanstead, north London, is England's first (and to date only) Chant Laureate.

Barclaycard set up the competition to choose a Chant Laureate, who would be paid £10,000 to tour Premiership stadiums and compose football chants for the 2004–5 football season. The judging panel was chaired by the Poet Laureate, Andrew Motion, who said "What we felt we were tapping into was a huge reservoir of folk poetry." Ironically, Hurst, a Birmingham City fan, composed the winning entry about Birmingham's local rivals Aston Villa. The chant, sung to the tune of Barry Manilow's Copacabana, refers to that club's star player, Juan Pablo Ángel. Some 1,500 people applied for the role.

A veteran of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and the Canal Cafe Theatre NewsRevue, Jonny Hurst is both a comedy writer and a lawyer.

He published his first book, 'Becoming a Lawyer', in July 2013.

Andrew Motion
Sir Andrew Motion FRSL (born 26 October 1952) is an English poet, novelist, and biographer, who was Poet Laureate from 1999 to 2009. During the period of his laureateship, Motion founded the Poetry Archive, an online resource of poems and audio recordings of poets reading their own work. In 2012, he became President of the Campaign to Protect Rural England, taking over from Bill Bryson.
Lourival Assis
Lourival Rodrigues Assis Filho (born 3 February 1984) is a Brazilian former professional football midfielder who plays as a left winger.

He has previously played for Iraty, Kalmar, Avaí, América RN, Botafogo SP, Chernomorets Burgas, Gabala, Bragantino, CRAC, Fluminense de Feira.

Kalmar FF
Kalmar Fotbollförening, more commonly known as Kalmar FF, is a Swedish professional football club based in Kalmar, Sweden. The club is affiliated to Smålands Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Guldfågeln Arena. Formed on 15 June 1910, the club have won one national championship title (2008) and three national cup titles (1981, 1987, and 2007).

In total, KFF has made 35 seasons in Allsvenskan since the debut in the 1949. The club can be found at the 13th position in the all-time Allsvenskan standings, is one of 14 Swedish football clubs that have become both national champions and national cup champions, and one of 14 clubs that have always played in one of the three highest Swedish national football leagues.

Kalmar FF's main local rivals are Östers IF and during the 1980s and 90s Kalmar AIK.
Thornton, Mississippi
Thornton, Mississippi is an unincorporated community located in Holmes County, near the Yazoo River. U.S. Highway 49E runs through the community, which is approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of Eden and approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Tchula.

Tchula, Mississippi
Tchula is a town in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,652 at the 2020 census, down from 2,332 in 2000.

A 2015 article in The Guardian described it as the poorest community in the United States.
Juncal Island
Juncal Island is an island belonging to Uruguay, located where the Uruguay River empties into the Río de la Plata, a bit above the Uruguayan town of Carmelo. It is separated from Uruguay by the Canal de Camacho.

The much smaller Juncalito Island lies a kilometer north; to the west, separated by the principal channel, lies Portuguese Island (Isla del Portugues), which belongs to the Argentine province of Entre Rios.

Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈentɾe ˈri.os], 'Between Rivers') is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east.

Its capital is Paraná (391,000 inhabitants), which lies on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Together with Córdoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.
Raised field
In agriculture, a raised field is a large, cultivated elevation, typically bounded by water-filled ditches, that is used to allow cultivators to control environmental factors such as moisture levels, frost damage, and flooding. Examples of raised field agriculture can be found among some Pre-Hispanic cultures of Latin America, such as those from tropical lowlands and the Budi Lake Mapuche.

Pre-Hispanic raised fields are known from the region near Santa Cruz de Mompox in northern Colombia and in the Llanos de Moxos region of lowland Bolivia. In highland Bolivia, where this was utilized by the Tiwanaku culture near Lake Titicaca, this technique is known as Waru Waru or camellones. Ancient raised-field agriculture has also been documented in Central America at Pulltrouser Swamp in Belize, where it was practiced by the Maya civilization. Toltec and Aztec people also practiced raised-field agriculture on the shore of Lake Texcoco, where these fields were known as chinampas.

Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (/tɪtɪˈkɑːkə/; Spanish: Lago Titicaca [ˈlaɣo titiˈkaka]; Quechua: Titiqaqa and Aymara: Titiqaqa) is a large lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. It is often listed as a freshwater lake, though its waters are slightly brackish.  Titicaca is the largest lake in South America, both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It is the 18th largest lake in the world.  It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).
Mehmed Pasha Kukavica Mosque
The Mehmed Pasha Kukavica Mosque (Bosnian: džamija Mehmed-paše Kukavice) is a former mosque, in partial ruins, located in the town of Foča, in the Republika Srpska political division of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Completed in 1752, during the Ottoman era, the mosque was destroyed in 1992, during the Bosnian War.

Foča
Foča (Serbian Cyrillic: Фоча, pronounced [fôtʃa]) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the south-east on the banks of Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 12,234 inhabitants, while the municipality has 18,288 inhabitants.
Foča houses some faculties (including the Medical and Orthodox Theological Faculty of Saint Basil of Ostrog) from the Istočno Sarajevo University. It is also home to the "Seminary of Saint Peter of Sarajevo and Dabar-Bosna", one of seven seminaries in the Serbian Orthodox Church. Foča was, before the ethnic cleansing in 1992-1994, home to one of Bosnia's most important Islamic high schools, the Madrasa of Mehmed Pasha Kukavica. The Sutjeska National Park, which is the oldest National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is located in the municipality.
Marianna Bottini
Marianna Bottini née Motroni-Andreozzi (7 November 1802 – 25 January 1858) was an Italian composer and harp teacher. A contemporary of Rossini, Bottini was of the most prominent voices in Italian classical music in the 19th century. She was born, lived, and died in Lucca. She was the daughter of a noble family, born to parents Sebastiano Motroni-Andreozzi and Eleonora Flekestein.

Bottini studied counterpoint with Domenico Quilici and was admitted to the Accademia Filarmonica in Bologna in 1820 as an 'honorary master composer'. The majority of her compositional output dates from 1815-1822 (between the ages of 13-20). She subsequently stopped composing at the age of 22 in 1824, after she married the Marquis Lorenzo Bottini, a prominent political figure.

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Radovan Biegl
Radovan Biegl (born May 13, 1969) is a Czech former professional ice hockey goaltender.

Biegl played in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League and the Czech Extraliga for HC Pardubice, ASD Dukla Jihlava, HC Zelézárny Třinec, HC Havířov, HC Vsetín and HC Zlin. He also played one season in the Tipsport Liga for HC Slovan Bratislava during the 1999–2000 season, where he won a league championship and was named into the league's All-Star team.

HC Slovan Bratislava
Hockey Club Slovan Bratislava (Slovak: Hokejový klub Slovan Bratislava) is a professional ice hockey club based in Bratislava, Slovakia. In 2012, it left the Slovak Extraliga and joined the international Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In 2019, it returned to the Tipos Extraliga. The club has won nine Slovak championships (most recently in 2022), one Czechoslovak championship (1979) and one IIHF Continental Cup (2004), making it the second most successful hockey club in Slovak history after their biggest rival HC Košice. The team plays its home games at Ondrej Nepela Arena, also known as Slovnaft Arena. The team is nicknamed Belasí, which means the "sky blues" in English.