hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mervyn Armstrong
Mervyn Armstrong, OBE (1906–1984) was an eminent Anglican clergyman during the middle third of the 20th century.

Educated at Balliol College, Oxford, he was awarded an Aeogrotat degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics ('PPE') in 1928. Ordained in 1938, his first post was as a Chaplain in the RNVR, after which he was Vicar of Margate. Appointed Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1949 he became Archdeacon of Stow and then Provost of Leicester Cathedral before appointment to the episcopate as Bishop of Jarrow in 1958. In 1964, he resigned that See to become an "advisor on industry" to Donald Coggan, Archbishop of York, and an Assistant Bishop of York; he retired in 1970.

Margate
Margate is a seaside town in the Thanet District of Kent, England. It is located on the north coast of Kent and covers an area of 2 miles (3 kilometres) long, 16 miles (26 kilometres) north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay and Westbrook. In 2011 it had a population of 61,223.

The town has been a significant maritime port since the Middle Ages, and was associated with Dover as part of the Cinque Ports in the 15th century. It became a popular place for holidaymakers in the 18th century, owing to easy access via the Thames, and later with the arrival of the railways. Popular landmarks include the sandy beaches and the Dreamland amusement park. During the late 20th century, the town went into decline along with other British seaside resorts, but attempts are being made to revitalise the economy.
Sonnet (software)
Sonnet is a multilingual spell checker program in KDE Frameworks 5 and KDE Software Compilation 4. Sonnet replaced kspell2 that was created for KDE3. The two main goals for Sonnet's development were a simpler API, wider language support and performance. Notable improvements in Sonnet over kspell2 are:

In automatic language detection, a language can be identified with as little as 20 characters of text. Even multiple languages in the same document can be detected and spell checked correctly

Better performance

Improvements in spell checking languages like Thai and Japanese

A simpler design - kspell2 consisted of 7 components and a complicated API. Sonnet is a single component and aims to provide a simpler API

The user can select a primary and backup dictionary, an example given was a doctor who frequently uses terms from a medical dictionary. Words that would not appear in a regular dictionary would be corrected by the backup dictionary that contains medical terms.

K Desktop Environment 3
K Desktop Environment 3 (KDE 3) is the third series of releases of the K Desktop Environment (after that called KDE Software Compilation). It was one of the two major desktop environments for GNU/Linux systems between 2002 and 2008.
There are six major releases in this series. After the release of KDE 4, version 3.5 was forked into the Trinity Desktop Environment.
Constantin Petrescu
Constantin Petrescu (born 8 January 1951) is a retired Romanian gymnast, and professional gymnastics coach. He competed in eight events at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He is a well known figure in the international gymnastics community as an accomplished coach at the collegiate, national, and international levels. He has lived in the United States since 1988, when he defected from then-communist Socialist Republic of Romania before the Romanian Revolution in December of the subsequent year.

Abie Grossfeld
Abraham Israel "Abie" Grossfeld (born March 1, 1934) is an American gymnastics coach and former gymnast. Grossfeld represented the United States as a gymnast for 15 consecutive years in 35 countries as a member of 26 international United States men's national artistic gymnastics teams including the Olympic Games, World Championships, and Pan American Games.
Lagoas Cufada Natural Park
11°42′36″N 15°04′46″W﻿ / ﻿11.71006°N 15.07942°W﻿ / 11.71006; -15.07942

The Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park (Portuguese: Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada) is a national park in Guinea-Bissau. It was established on 1 December 2000. It covers an area of 890 km2. It was the first protected area in Guinea-Bissau. It was designated a Ramsar Wetland on 14 May 1990.

Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands). It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed in 1971.

Every three years, representatives of the contracting parties meet as the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP), the policy-making organ of the convention which adopts decisions (site designations, resolutions and recommendations) to administer the work of the convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives. In 2022, COP15 was held in Montreal, Canada.
Cobb & Co. (restaurant)
Cobb & Co. is a New Zealand family restaurant chain.

It is New Zealand's oldest surviving family restaurant chain, having opened its first branch in 1973. Its name derives from the Cobb & Co stagecoach business originally founded in Australia in the 19th century by Freeman Cobb, although the chain has no direct historical connection with that company.

The chain's trademark feature is a stagecoach theme with red saloon-style doors. It offers a casual dining menu with steak, hamburgers, seafood, and similar items. It is known for its   non-alcoholic mocktail drinks.

Freeman Cobb
Freeman Cobb (10 October 1830 – 24 May 1878) was an American, born in Brewster, Massachusetts, who established the Cobb & Co stagecoach company in 1853, with partners John Murray Peck, James Scanlon and John B. Lamber. The company was based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and used Concord coaches, imported from America, to provide services to and from the Victorian goldfields.
Hailu dialect
The Hailu dialect (simplified Chinese: 海陆腔; traditional Chinese: 海陸腔; pinyin: Hǎilù qiāng; Hailu Hakka Romanization System: hoi´ liug` kiong`), also known as the Hoiluk dialect or Hailu Hakka (simplified Chinese: 海陆客语; traditional Chinese: 海陸客語; pinyin: Hǎilù Kèyǔ), is a dialect of Hakka Chinese that originated in Shanwei, Guangdong. It is also the second most common dialect of Hakka spoken in Taiwan.

Language Atlas of China
The Language Atlas of China (simplified Chinese: 中国语言地图集; traditional Chinese: 中國語言地圖集; pinyin: Zhōngguó yǔyán dìtú jí), published by Hong Kong Longman Publishing Company in two parts in 1987 and 1989, maps the distribution of both the varieties of Chinese and ethnic minority languages of China. The atlas was a collaborative effort by the Australian Academy of the Humanities and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, published simultaneously in the original Chinese and in English translation. Endymion Wilkinson rated this joint venture "outstanding".

A second edition was published by the Commercial Press in 2012.
Alon A-4
The Alon A-4 is a prototype American light aircraft of the 1960s. Alon INC. of McPherson, Kansas was formed by two former executives of Beechcraft in 1963 and had initially built an improved version of the ERCO Ercoupe as the Alon A-2. In 1964, Alon started  design of an all-new four-seat light aircraft, the Alon Four (or Alon A-4). It was a conventional, singled-engined low-winged monoplane of all-metal construction with a fixed (non retractable) tricycle landing gear undercarriage. Alon produced one prototype, this first flying on February 25, 1966. The aircraft was never put into full production before the company was sold to Mooney aircraft.

Beechcraft
Beechcraft is an American brand of civil aviation and military aircraft owned by Textron Aviation since 2014, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Originally, it was a brand of Beech Aircraft Corporation, an American manufacturer of general aviation, commercial, and military aircraft, ranging from light single-engined aircraft to twin-engined turboprop transports, business jets, and military trainers. Beech later became a division of Raytheon and then Hawker Beechcraft before a bankruptcy sale turned its assets over to Textron (parent company of Beech's historical cross-town Wichita rival, Cessna Aircraft Company). It remains a brand of Textron Aviation.
Lichtung
lichtung is a poem of Austrian author Ernst Jandl, which combines deliberations about the directions left and right with a change of the letters l and r, so resulting in "lechts und rinks" instead of "rechts und links". It was published in Jandl's first volume of poems, Laut and Luise (another pun, on loud "sound" and Luise, a female name sounding like "leise", quiet), in 1966 and, while it consists of just one stanza, it is among the most cited of Jandl's poetry.

Marcel Reich-Ranicki
Marcel Reich-Ranicki (German: [maʁˈsɛl ˌʁaɪçʁaˈnɪtskiː]; born Marceli Reich; 2 June 1920 – 18 September 2013) was a Polish-born German literary critic and member of the informal literary association Gruppe 47. He was regarded as one of the most influential contemporary literary critics in the field of German literature and has often been called Literaturpapst ("Pope of Literature") in Germany. His TV appearances (including the literature TV show Das literarische Quartett) made Reich-Ranicki a household name even among non-readers; in 2010, a survey found that 98% of Germans had heard of him.
Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki
Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki is a 1978 Indian drama film directed by Raj Khosla and Sudesh Issar.  It is based on a Marathi novel titled Ashi Tujhi Preet by Chandrakant Kakodkar. The film won Nutan her 5th and final Filmfare Award in the Best Actress category for which she held a record of most wins for more than 40 years. It was a "Super Hit" at the box office.

Anand Bakshi
Anand Bakshi (21 July 1930 – 30 March 2002) was an Indian poet and lyricist. He won Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist four times during his career. He wrote more than 6,000 film songs in more than 300 films.
Séamus Power (Tipperary hurler)
Séamus Power (born 1952 in Boherlahan, County Tipperary, Ireland) is an Irish former hurler who played for his local club Boherlahan–Dualla and at senior level for the Tipperary county team from 1971 until 1986.

Tipperary county hurling team
The Tipperary county hurling team represents Tipperary in hurling and is governed by Tipperary GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Munster Senior Hurling Championship and the National Hurling League.

Tipperary's home ground is Semple Stadium, Thurles. The team's manager is Liam Cahill.

The team last won the Munster Senior Championship in 2016, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 2025 and the National League in 2008.
Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens
Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens are the requirements by other countries to obtain a visa before entry on an ordinary Pakistani Passport.

As of April 2025, Pakistani citizens had Visa free, visa-on-arrival and eVisa access to 32 countries and territories.

All of the updated links and visa-related requirements can be found listed in the chart below. Pakistani passport holders that hold multi-entry visas or permanent residency permits in certain European countries, Canada, USA, GCC states or Australia (for example) may grant the ability to apply for eVisas to certain nations, as well as Visa on Arrival access that they would not have without visas to these nations.

The Pakistani passport is currently ranked 100th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index in the Second Quarter of 2025.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Winnibigoshish Lake Dam
The Winnibigoshish Lake Dam is a dam at the outlet of Lake Winnibigoshish into the Mississippi River in Minnesota, United States.  The dam crosses the county line between Cass County and Itasca County, and lies within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation.  The first dam on the site was built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers from 1881 to 1884 to regulate the flow of water on the Upper Mississippi River. A constant flow was desired by loggers, fur traders, and millers downstream at St. Anthony Falls.  The current structure was built in 1899.  Lake Winnibigoshish is Minnesota's fifth largest lake, at 67,000 acres (270 km2).

Lake Winnibigoshish
Lake Winnibigoshish is a body of water in north central Minnesota in the Chippewa National Forest. Its name comes from the Ojibwe language Wiinibiigoonzhish, a diminutive and pejorative form of Wiinibiig, meaning "filthy water" (i.e., "brackish water"). The name is related in structure to Lake Winnipeg and to the Algonquian name for Lake Winnebago, which the Ho-chunk (Winnebago) Nation was named after.

The Lake's area of 67,000 acres makes it the fourth largest in Minnesota. The headwaters of the Mississippi River begin at Lake Itasca (see Mississippi River Basin map); where it flows through Winnibigoshish, the Mississippi is at its widest - more than 11 miles.

The former Winnibigoshish Township (now unorganized), located on the north shore of Lake Winnibigoshish, in Itasca County, Minnesota, was named after this lake.
Fletcher Henderson
James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson (December 18, 1897 – December 29, 1952) was an American pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and swing music. He was one of the most prolific black musical arrangers and, along with Duke Ellington, is considered one of the most influential arrangers and bandleaders in jazz history. Henderson's influence was vast. He helped bridge the gap between the Dixieland and the swing eras. He was often known as "Smack" Henderson (because of smacking sounds he made with his lips).

Dixieland jazz
Dixieland jazz, also referred to as traditional jazz, hot jazz, or simply Dixieland, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The 1917 recordings by the Original Dixieland Jass Band fostered awareness of this new style of music.
U.S. Life-Saving Station No. 35
The U.S. Life-Saving Station No. 35, also known as Tatham's or Stone Harbor, is located at 11617 2nd Avenue in the borough of Stone Harbor in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The Duluth-type life-saving station was built in 1895, designed by architect George R. Tolman using shingle style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 2008, for its significance in architecture, maritime history, and transportation. In 1948, it was purchased by the American Legion Post 331.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
Pawtuckaway River
The Pawtuckaway River is a 3.6-mile-long (5.8 km) river in southeastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Lamprey River, part of the Great Bay and Piscataqua River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.

The river forms the south outlet of Pawtuckaway Lake, a 900-acre (360 ha) lake in the town of Nottingham, New Hampshire. The river travels southeast through a wooded valley, passing under New Hampshire Route 156, entering the town of Raymond briefly, then crossing into Epping, where it joins the Lamprey River near the village of West Epping.

Great Bay (New Hampshire)
43°04′01″N 70°52′07″W﻿ / ﻿43.06694°N 70.86861°W﻿ / 43.06694; -70.86861

Great Bay is a tidal estuary located in Strafford and Rockingham counties in eastern New Hampshire, United States. The bay occupies over 6,000 acres (24 km2), not including its several tidal river tributaries. Its outlet is at Hilton Point in Dover, New Hampshire, where waters from the bay flow into the Piscataqua River, thence proceeding southeast to the Atlantic Ocean near Portsmouth. The northern end of the bay, near its outlet, is referred to as Little Bay.
Prologue (Jomaku)
Prologue (Jomaku) (プロローグ〈序幕〉, Purorōgu (Jomaku); Prologue (Introduction)) is the debut studio album by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori. It was released on July 1, 1982, by Warner Pioneer under the Reprise Records label. The album includes the debut single "Slow Motion". It was recorded in Los Angeles, three months before Nakamori's debut.

Takao Kisugi
Takao Kisugi (来生 たかお, Kisugi Takao), born November 16, 1950, in Tokyo, Japan, is a Japanese singer and songwriter. In 1974, he debuted as a songwriter and in 1976 made his solo debut as a singer. He often collaborates on songs with his sister, Etsuko Kisugi, who is a lyricist. In 1982, on the third Japan Composition Award, he received the "Best Composer" music award for the song Second Love. In his career, spanning over 45 years, he composed over 400 songs.
Tulsiyahi Nikas
Tulsiyahi Nikas is a village development committee in Dhanusa District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,722 persons living in 597 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Passiflora porophylla
Passiflora porophylla is a evergreen vine of the passion flower family (Passifloraceae). It is native to eastern Brazil.

Its leaves are two- or three-lobed, very variable in size but wider than they are long, 2–12.2 cm long and 3.6–16.6 cm wide, green above, often vinous-glaucous beneath. In some cultivars, the leaves can be marked with bold pale or dark purple markings.

Passifloraceae
The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera.

They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from the passion flower genus (Passiflora) which includes the edible passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), as well as garden plants such as maypop and running pop.

Passiflora vines and Dryas iulia (among other heliconian butterflies) have demonstrated evidence of coevolution, in which the plants attempted to stop their destruction from larval feeding by the butterflies, while the butterflies tried to gain better survival for their eggs.

The former Cronquist system of classification placed this family in the order Violales, but under more modern classifications systems such as that proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, this is absorbed into the Malpighiales and the family has been expanded to include the former Malesherbiaceae and Turneraceae.
Ewan Building
The Ewan Building is a historic commercial building at 124-128 Second Street in Clarendon, Arkansas. It is a single-story brick structure, with three storefronts demarcated by a metal pilasters and a pressed-metal facade. Built in 1904, it is one several buildings built on the block with a metal facade, giving the entire block a distinctive character. This area was used as a backdrop in the filming of A Soldier's Story.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Clarendon, Arkansas
Clarendon is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. Located in the Arkansas Delta, the city's position on the White River at the mouth of the Cache River has defined the community since first incorporating in 1859. Although the river has brought devastation and disaster to the city occasionally throughout history, it has also provided economic opportunities, transportation, recreation and tourism to the city.

Once home to a variety of industries, today Clarendon's economy is largely based on agriculture. Similar to many Delta communities, the city's population has been dwindling since mechanization on the farm reduced the number of agricultural-related jobs in the area. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,526, the lowest value recorded since 1890.
JP du Preez
Jean-Pierre du Preez (born 9 November 1994 in Florida, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player for Red Hurricanes Osaka. His regular position is lock. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors, Cheetahs and Sale Sharks.

Red Hurricanes Osaka
Red Hurricanes Osaka (formerly known as NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka) is a Japanese rugby union team owned by NTT Communications. They qualified for the 2011–12 season and finished 12th place overall. The team rebranded in 2022, ahead of the rebranding of the Top League to the Japan Rugby League One.
Lauren Bell
Lauren Katie Bell (born 2 January 2001) is an English international cricketer who plays for England in all formats of the game. She also plays for Royal Challengers Bengaluru in the WPL, Hampshire and Southern Brave. She has previously played for Berkshire, Southern Vipers, UP Warriorz, Sydney Thunder and Middlesex. Bell made her international debut for the England women's cricket team in June 2022.

UP Warriorz
UP Warriorz are an Indian professional franchise women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Premier League (WPL). The team is based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and is owned by Capri Global. They are coached by Abhishek Nayar.

UP Warriorz reached the eliminator in the inaugural season, where they were defeated by Mumbai Indians.

The team was captained by Alyssa Healy in the first two seasons. For the 2025 season, Deepti Sharma took over the captaincy after Healy was ruled out due to injury.

For the 2026 season, Meg Lanning was announced the new captain of the franchise after the successful Mega Auction.