hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Texas State Highway 198
State Highway 198 (SH 198) is a 37.673-mile (60.629 km) state highway in Henderson, Kaufman, Van Zandt counties in Texas that runs between Malakoff and Canton. SH 198 was designated in 1933, and its current routing was established in 1983.

Canton, Texas
Canton is a city in and the county seat of Van Zandt County in East Texas, United States. It is located about 40 miles west of Tyler. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 4,229.

The city sustained severe damage on April 29, 2017, from several tornadoes, and two years later from another tornado that struck downtown on May 29, 2019, both of which occurred just before First Monday Trade Days, the popular flea market which draws thousands to the city each month.
Geltrude Righetti
Geltrude Righetti (December 26, 1789 – April 24, 1862) was an Italian contralto closely associated with the operas of Gioachino Rossini. (Her name is also sometimes given as Giorgi-Righetti or Righetti-Giorgi, Giorgi being the name of her husband.)

Stendhal
Marie-Henri Beyle (French: [maʁi ɑ̃ʁi bɛl]; 23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal (UK: /ˈstɒ̃dɑːl/, US: /stɛnˈdɑːl, stænˈ-/, French: [stɛ̃dal, stɑ̃dal]), was a French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. A self-proclaimed egotist, the neologism for the same characteristic in his characters was "Beylism".

Stendhal is also known for De l'amour, his work on "passionate love" in which the concept of "crystallization" was invented. The book was mostly ignored after publishing, but has been lauded posthumously as one of the first "modern" attempts at understanding love. Sharon Brehm, a president of the APA, has called Stendhal "a first-rate psychologist before the official term was coined".
Egg Island, Horseshoe Reef
Egg Island is a small island, with an area of 0.83 ha, in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of the North Coast Group, lying in Bass Strait on Horseshoe Reef near Devonport in north-west Tasmania.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because of its globally significant colony of black-faced cormorants. Wright Island is nearby.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
Shirley A. Walters
Shirley Ann Walters (born November 12, 1948) is a former member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from Greenwood in Sebastian County, Arkansas. She is a Republican.

Born in Lonoke, Arkansas, Walters graduated from Arkansas Tech University in Russellville and was a teacher, business owner, and was engaged in the real estate business. From 2003 to 2008, she served in the Arkansas House. Her husband, Bill Walters, served as a Republican in the Arkansas State Senate from 1983 to 2000. In 2008, Bill Walters ran as a Democrat to succeed his term-limited wife for the District 62 seat in the Arkansas House, but he was defeated by the Republican nominee, Terry Rice of Waldron in Scott County.

Arkansas Tech University
Arkansas Tech University (ATU) is a public university in Russellville, Arkansas, United States. The university offers programs at both baccalaureate and graduate levels in a range of fields. The Arkansas Tech University–Ozark Campus, a two-year satellite campus in the town of Ozark, primarily focuses on associate and certificate education.
Totaram Sanadhya
Totaram Sanadhya (1876–1947) was deceitfully recruited as an indentured labourer from India and brought to Fiji in 1893. He spent five years working as a bonded labourer but was never afraid to fight for his rights. After completing his indenture he established himself as a small farmer and a Hindu priest but spent most of his time trying to assist the less fortunate still under the bondage of indenture. He sought the help of Indian freedom fighters and missionaries and encouraged the migration to Fiji of Indian teachers and lawyers who, he believed, could improve the plight of Indians in Fiji. After living in Fiji for twenty-one years, he returned to India, in 1914, and wrote about his experience in the book "My Twenty-One Years in the Fiji Islands" (Hindi). This book was used as the main source of information in the campaign to end the Indian indenture system.

Indenture
An indenture is a legal contract that reflects an agreement between two parties. Although the term is most familiarly used to refer to a labor contract between an employer and a laborer with an indentured servant status, historically indentures were used for a variety of contracts, including transfers and rents of land and even peace agreements between rulers.
Kłomnice
Kłomnice [kwɔmˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kłomnice.

During World War II the village was occupied by Germany. In September 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported 2,000 Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Kłomnice. Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.

Pruszków
Pruszków [ˈpruʂkuf] ⓘ is a city in east-central Poland, capital of Pruszków County in the Masovian Voivodeship. Pruszków is located along the western edge of the Warsaw metropolitan area.

Pruszków is the largest city in the Warsaw metropolitan area outside Warsaw. Since the 19th century it has developed as an industrial centre located on an important railway line. In the 1990s and 2000s the city was synonymous with the "Pruszków gang", one of two major organised crime groups in the country. It is known for the country's chief indoor velodrome and the Dulag 121 Museum at the former Nazi German camp for Poles expelled from Warsaw.
Tsimafana
Tsimafana is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Belo sur Tsiribihina, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 30% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is chickpea, while other important products are sweet potatoes and rice.  Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 5% of the population.

Menabe
Menabe is a region in western Madagascar, with its capital at Morondava. It covers an area of 46,121 square kilometres (17,807 square miles), and its population was 700,577 in 2018. The population mostly belongs to the Sakalava ethnic group. The region is named after the 18th-century Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe (16th–18th centuries). The name "Menabe", in turn, means "big red", after the color of laterite rock that dominates the landscape.
Côtes-d'Armor's 3rd constituency
The 3rd constituency of the Côtes-d'Armor is a French legislative constituency in the Côtes-d'Armor département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote in the first round.

Côtes-d'Armor
The Côtes-d'Armor (/koʊt dɑːrmər/ koht dar-mər, /-dɑːrmɔːr/ -⁠dar-mor; French pronunciation: [kot daʁmɔʁ] ⓘ; Breton: Aodoù-an-Arvor, [ˈoːdu ãn ˈarvor]), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord until 1990 (Breton: Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, [ˈoːdu ãn ˌhãntɛrˈnoːs]), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2019, it had a population of 600,582.
Dame school
Dame schools were small, privately run schools for children aged two to five. They emerged in Great Britain and its colonies during the early modern period. These schools were taught by a “school dame,” a local woman who would care for children and teach them the alphabet for a small fee. Dame schools were localized, and could typically be found at the town or parish level.

At dame schools, children could be expected to learn reading and arithmetic, and were sometimes also educated in writing. Girls were often instructed in handiwork such as knitting and sewing. Dame schools lasted from the sixteenth century to about the mid-nineteenth century, when compulsory education was introduced in Britain.  Dame schools were the precursors to present-day nursery and primary schools.  Although sometimes ridiculed, there were many famous alumni, including Samuel Johnson and William Wordsworth for certain, and possibly Charles Dickens.

Massachusetts School Laws
The Massachusetts School Laws were three legislative acts of 1642, 1647 and 1648 enacted in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The most famous by far is the law of 1647, also known as the Old Deluder Satan Law (after the law's first sentence) and The General School Law of 1642. These laws are commonly regarded as the historical first step toward compulsory government-directed public education in the United States of America. Shortly after they passed, similar laws were enacted in the other New England colonies. Most mid-Atlantic colonies followed suit, though in some Southern colonies it was a further century before publicly funded schools were established there.
Louis Meldon
Louis Albert Meldon (10 October 1886 – 21 February 1956) was an Irish sportsman, who represented his country in both cricket and tennis.

A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler, Meldon played four first-class cricket matches for Ireland, all against Scotland, between 1909 and 1912.

He also appeared in five Davis Cup ties for the Irish team and made the third round of the 1925 Wimbledon Championships.

1925 Wimbledon Championships
The 1925 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 22 June until 6 July. It was the 45th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1925.

Because Suzanne Lenglen, Jean Borotra and René Lacoste played finals on Saturday, the finals of the Men's Doubles and Mixed Doubles took place on Monday 6 July.

Suzanne Lenglen won all three events she entered; the women's singles, the women's doubles, and the mixed doubles.
Panchanan Maheshwari
Panchanan Maheswari, FRS (9 November 1904 – 18 May 1966 in Jaipur, Rajasthan) was a prominent Indian botanist noted chiefly for his invention of the technique of test-tube fertilization of angiosperms. This invention has allowed the creation of new hybrid plants that could not previously be crossbred naturally. He also emphasised the need for initiation of work on the artificial culture of immature embryos.
He is also known as the father of Indian plant embryology also wrote a book - An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms.

He encouraged general education and made a significant contribution to school education by his leadership in bringing out the very first textbooks of Biology for Higher Secondary Schools published by NCERT in 1964.

National Council of Educational Research and Training
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) (Hindi: राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक अनुसंधान और प्रशिक्षण परिषद) is an autonomous organisation of the Ministry of Education, Government of India. Its headquarters are located on Sri Aurobindo Marg in New Delhi. Prof. Dinesh Prasad Saklani has been the director of NCERT since 2022.

In 2023, NCERT constituted a 19-member committee, including author and Infosys Foundation chair Sudha Murty, singer Shankar Mahadevan, and Manjul Bhargava to finalize the curriculum, textbooks and learning material for classes 3 to 12.
Amantes del desierto
Amantes del Desierto (Desert Lovers), is a Spanish-language telenovela produced by the United States–based television network Telemundo, RTI Colombia and Caracol Television. This limited-run series ran for 121 episodes from March 19, 2001, to September 4, 2001.

Caracol Televisión
Caracol Televisión (Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaˈkol teleβiˈsjon]) (known as Caracol and previously as Canal Caracol) is a Colombian free-to-air television network owned by Caracol Medios, a unit of Grupo Valorem. It is one of the leading private TV networks  in Colombia, alongside Canal RCN and Canal 1. The network distributes and produces 5,000+ programs and has aired in more than 80 countries.
Zvimba East
Zvimba East is a constituency represented the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Zvimba District in Mashonaland West Province. The seat is currently vacant following the November 2023 recall of Oliver Mutasa (Citizens Coalition for Change), the constituency's MP since the 2023 election. A by-election is scheduled to take place in February 2024.

Parliament of Zimbabwe
The Parliament of Zimbabwe is the bicameral legislature of Zimbabwe composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house, and consists of 80 members, 60 of whom are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces. Of the remaining 20 seats, 18 are reserved for chiefs, and two for people with disabilities. The National Assembly is the lower house, and consists of 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected from single-member constituencies. The remaining 70 seats are reserved women's and youth quotas: 60 for women; 10 for youth. These are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member and one-member constituencies respectively, corresponding to the country's provinces.

Formerly based at Parliament House, Harare, the parliament moved to the New Zimbabwe Parliament Building in October 2023. The new building has 650 seats, which will allow the parliament to expand.
Juho Kuittinen
Johannes (Juho) Kuittinen (21 August 1889 – 12 June 1956) was a Finnish politician, born in Jääski. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1934 until his death in 1956, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He was a presidential elector in the 1931, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1950 and 1956 presidential elections. In 1918, Kuittinen was imprisoned for having sided with the Reds during the Finnish Civil War.

1937 Finnish presidential election
Two-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1937. The first stage was on 15 and 16 January 1937 as the public selected 300 presidential electors to an electoral college.

The 300 electors, in turn, met on 15 February 1937 to elect the President. On the first ballot, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg received 150 electoral votes, one vote short of the 151 necessary for a majority. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, the incumbent President of Finland, received 94 votes and Kyösti Kallio was third with only 56 votes. On the second ballot, 131 of Stahlberg's electors deserted him, and Kallio received 177 votes, with 104 for Svinhufvud and only 19 for Stahlberg . The turnout for the popular vote was 57.8%.
Dungeon!
Dungeon! is an adventure board game designed by David R. Megarry and first released by TSR, Inc. in 1975. Additional contributions through multiple editions were made by Gary Gygax, Steve Winter, Jeff Grubb, Chris Dupuis and Michael Gray. Dungeon! simulates some aspects of the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) role-playing game, which was released in 1974, although Megarry had a prototype of Dungeon! ready as early as 1972.

Dungeon! features a map of a simple six-level dungeon with hallways, rooms, and chambers. Players move around the board seeking to defeat monsters and claim treasure. Greater treasures are located in deeper levels of the dungeon, along with tougher monsters. Players choose different character classes with different abilities. The object of the game is to be the first to return to the beginning chamber with a set value of treasure.

The game has been described as the first adventure board game.

David M. Ewalt
David M. Ewalt (born 1976) is an American journalist and author. Ewalt is the author of the books Of Dice and Men: The Story of Dungeons & Dragons and The People Who Play It (2013) and Defying Reality: The Inside Story of the Virtual Reality Revolution (2018). As of June 2025, he is the editor-in-chief of Scientific American.
Topographia Hibernica
Topographia Hibernica (Latin for Topography of Ireland), also known as Topographia Hiberniae, is an account of the landscape and people of Ireland written by Gerald of Wales around 1188, soon after the Norman invasion of Ireland. It was the longest and most influential work on Ireland circulating in the Middle Ages, and its direct influence endured into the early modern period.

Geoffrey Keating
Geoffrey Keating (Irish: Seathrún Céitinn; c. 1569 – c. 1644) was an Irish historian. He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, and is buried in Tubrid Graveyard in the parish of Ballylooby-Duhill. He became a Catholic priest and a poet.
Broadway Girls
"Broadway Girls" is a song by American rapper Lil Durk, featuring vocals from American country music singer Morgan Wallen. It was released on December 17, 2021, through Alamo as the second single from Durk's seventh studio album, 7220 (2022). "Broadway Girls" is a hip-hop and country drill song and also serves as the first time that Wallen had sung on a trap beat.

Alamo Records
Alamo Records (previously Cold Heat Records) is an American record label that was founded in 2016 by American music industry executive, Todd Moscowitz. It is currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The label, which is based in New York City, holds thirty-four artists including Rod Wave and Lil Durk.
Greater Kuril Chain
Greater Kuril Chain (Russian: Большая Курильская гряда) - a part of the Kuril Islands - is a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It includes North Kurils, Iturup and Kunashir.

At its south western end, the Greater Kuril Chain is separated from the Lesser Kuril Chain by the South Kuril Strait. The maximum altitude in the Greater Kuril Chain is 2339m, on (Atlasov Island).

Length - 1200 km. Total Area - 10,100 km2.

Greater Kuril Chain is part of Sakhalin Oblast of Russia. In the southern group of islands, Iturup and Kunashir are under Russian control, but this is  disputed by Japan.

Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.

The vast majority of the oblast's residents are ethnic Russians, with a small minority of Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin Oblast is rich in natural gas and oil, and is Russia's second wealthiest federal subject after the Tyumen Oblast. It borders by sea Khabarovsk Krai to the west and Kamchatka Krai to the north, along with Hokkaido, Japan to the south.
Tren Interurbano
The Tren Interurbano (English: Interurban Train) is a commuter railway service in Mexico. The project started with the Interurban Train Mexico City–Toluca, branded as El Insurgente. It runs from Zinacantepec railway station, in Toluca, State of Mexico, to Observatorio, in western Mexico City. Its service began in 2023 and it is operated by the government of Mexico.

In 2025, the operators announced a second line, which will run from Buenavista railway station, in Central Mexico City, to Pachuca, Hidalgo. Additional lines were proposed to run from Buenavista railway station to Queretaro City, Querétaro, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Monterrey, Nuevo León, and Nogales, Sonora.

Observatorio railway station
The Observatorio railway station is a commuter railway station and eastern terminal of the El Insurgente commuter rail system. It connects Mexico City with Greater Toluca, State of Mexico. The station is located along Calzada Minas de Arena, in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City. The station connects with the Mexico City Metro system at Observatorio, its own Centro de transferencia modal, a transportation hub from which multiple buses and minubuses depart and arrive, as well as the adjacent intercity West Bus Terminal. It opened on 2 February 2026.
Praveen Gurung
Praveen Gurung (Nepali: प्रवीण गुरुङ, 30 April 1962 –6 August 2000) was a folk music singer and music arranger from Nepal who arranged over five hundred recordings during his career in both Nepali and Gurung. His work is well known throughout Nepal. His song yo daju ko mirmire aankhaa (यो दाजुको मिर्मिरे आँखा) ... is still a widely popular duet.

Gurung language
Gurung (Devanagari: गुरुङ), also known as Tamu Kyi (तमु क्यी, tamu kyī; Tibetan: རྟམུ་སྐད་) or Tamu Bhāṣā (तमु भाषा, tamu bhāṣā), is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Gurung people of Nepal. The total number of all Gurung speakers in Nepal was 227,918 in 1991 and 325,622 in 2011.

The official language of Nepal, Nepali, is an Indo-European language, whereas Gurung is a Sino-Tibetan language. Gurung is one of the major languages of Nepal, and is also spoken in India, Bhutan, and by diaspora communities in places such as Singapore and Hong Kong.
Alison McDade
Alison McDade (born 1950s) is a South African former professional tennis player.

Active on tour in the 1970s, McDade originally competed under her maiden name of Alison McMillan. Her most notable performance was a third round appearance at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships, where following a first round bye she defeated Michèle Gurdal, before being eliminated by Terry Holladay.

1977 Wimbledon Championships
The 1977 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 20 June until 2 July. It was the 91st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1977.
Maria Antonietta
Maria Antonietta is a feminine Italian blended given name from the root names Miriam and Antonius. Notable people referred to by this name include the following:

Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1851–1938) daughter of Francis, Count of Trapani and Maria Isabella of Austria

Maria Antonietta (singer) (born 1987), Italian singer-songwriter

Maria Antonietta Avanzo (1889-1977), first Italian female racetrack driver

Maria Antonietta Beluzzi (1930–1997), Italian actress

María Antonietta Berriozábal (born 1941), American activist

Maria Antonietta Macciocchi (1922–2007) was an Italian journalist, writer, feminist and politician

Maria Antonietta Picconi (1869–1926), Italian composer and pianist

Maria Antonietta Torriani, Italian journalist and fiction writer

Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (Maria Antonietta Giuseppina Leopoldina; 16 March 1851 – 12 September 1938) was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies by birth and by her marriage to Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta, claimant to the defunct throne of the Two Sicilies.