hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eddy De Leeuw
Eddy De Leeuw (16 June 1956 – 26 November 2015) was a Belgian sprinter specializing in the 400 metres. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

De Leeuw was a 1978 European Athletics Championships semi-finalist. De Leeuw was a member of the Belgian 4 x 400 metres team of Danny Roelandt, Rik Vandenberghe and Fons Brydenbach, setting the Belgian national record three times and competing at the 1980 Olympics. He won two Belgian Athletics Championships national titles, in 1980 and 1983.

Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres was an event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The competition was held from July 27 to July 30, 1980. Fifty athletes from 32 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at three since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.24 seconds by Viktor Markin of the Soviet Union, the nation's first title in the men's 400 metres and first medal in the event since 1956. With the United States boycotting the Games, the country was not represented on the podium for the first time since 1920. Australia earned its first medal in the event with Rick Mitchell's silver, while East Germany won its first medal with Frank Schaffer's bronze, which was the first medal by any German since the United Team took silvers in 1956 and 1960.
I Owe It All to You
"I Owe It All to You" is a pop song written by Alonzo, Jim Guthrie, Adam Messinger, and Damhnait Doyle for Eva Avila's debut album Somewhere Else (2006). The song was released as the album's second single in late 2006 and reached number nine on the Canadian BDS Airplay Chart.

Broadcast Data Systems
Broadcast Data Systems (also known as Nielsen BDS, BDS or Luminate BDS) was a service that tracks radio, television and internet airplay of songs. The service, which is a unit of MRC Data, is a contributing factor to North American charts published by co-owned magazine Billboard, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, when combined with sales and streaming data from Soundscan.

BDS monitors airplay on more than 2,000 radio stations, satellite radio, and cable music channels across the United States (including Puerto Rico), Canada, and Mexico. Luminate distributes BDS airplay data in their suite of music data products, including Music Connect, BDSRadio, BDS RealTime, ENcore and Musictracking.

From August 2006 to its final June 2009 publication, BDS also provided chart data for R&R after Nielsen acquired the trade. On September 10, 2009, the website Radio-Info.com struck a partnership with Nielsen BDS to provide radio airplay charts and related data for over 20 formats.
Petite-Vallée
Petite-Vallée (French pronunciation: [pətit vale]) is a municipality in the Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine region of the province of Quebec in Canada.

Its name (French for "Little Valley") describes its location in the hollow of a shallow valley, and dates back to at least 1754 when it appeared on a map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin.

Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine
Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine (French pronunciation: [ɡaspezi il də la madlɛn]) is an administrative region of Quebec consisting of the Gaspé Peninsula (Gaspésie) and the Îles-de-la-Madeleine.  It lies in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at the eastern extreme of southern Quebec. The predominant economic activities are fishing, forestry and tourism.
Simalto
SIMALTO – SImultaneous Multi-Attribute Trade Off – is a survey based statistical technique used in market research that helps determine how people prioritise and value alternative product and/or service options of the attributes that make up individual products or services.

A particular specific application of the method is in political science. It can be applied to predicting which of the alternative combinations of optional service benefits provided by a local authority, state or national government in their annual budget would meet with the ‘maximum’ approval of a target population.

Means test
A means test is a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government benefits, assistance or welfare, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do with less or none of that help. Means testing is in opposition to universal coverage, which extends benefits to everyone. Means testing increases the administrative burden and can create perverse incentives.
Liquid resistor
A liquid resistor is an electrical resistor in which the resistive element is a solution. Fixed-value liquid resistors are typically used where very high power dissipation is required. They are used in the rotor circuits of large slip ring induction motors  to control starting current, torque and to limit large electrical fault currents (while other protection systems operate to clear or isolate the fault). They typically have electrodes made of welded steel plate (galvanised to reduce corrosion), suspended by insulated connections in a conductive chemical solution held in a tank - which may be open or enclosed. The tank body is normally solidly grounded or earthed. A typical unit can be rated for continuous use, or for short periods when used for current limitation in protection systems.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Fabio Asquini
Count Fabio Asquini (1726–1818) was an Italian rural economist and agronomist who did much to promote silk culture in Italy. Near the end of his life he lived in the Austrian Empire.

Asquini also pioneered wine making with the Picolit grape in the Friuli region of Italy and sold his wines all over Italy and Europe in green blown-glass bottles. His wines were, after tasting, deemed by the Emperor of Austria, "… finer than any other wine" and served in Rome at the table of the pope.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Asquini, Count". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

Emperor of Austria
The emperor of Austria (German: Kaiser von Österreich, Latin: Imperator Austriae) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The hereditary imperial title and office was proclaimed in 1804 by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until Charles I relinquished power in 1918.

The emperors retained the title of Archduke of Austria. The wives of the emperors held the title empress, while other members of the family held the titles of archduke or archduchess.
Lucius Salvius Otho Titianus
Lucius Salvius Otho Titianus was the elder brother of the Roman emperor Otho (r.  69 AD). As a Roman senator, he was consul in the year 52 as the colleague of Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, and appointed consul as his brother's colleague for the period from Galba's murder to the end of February. When Otho left Rome to halt the advance of Vitellius into Italy, he put the daily imperial responsibilities in the hands of Titianus. Subsequently, Titianus was appointed generalissimo in charge of the war by Otho and was present at the First Battle of Bedriacum.

Titianus was a member of the Arval Brethren, serving as promagistrate at least five times beginning in the year 57 into the year 69. The sortition awarded him the proconsular governorship of Asia for the term 63/64.

Arval Brethren
In ancient Roman religion, the Arval Brethren (Latin: Fratres Arvales, "Brothers of the Fields") or Arval Brothers were a body of priests who offered annual sacrifices to the Lares and gods to guarantee good harvests. Inscriptions provide evidence of their oaths, rituals and sacrifices.
Zhang Binglin
Zhang Binglin (January 12, 1869 – June 14, 1936), also known by his art name Zhang Taiyan, was a Chinese philologist, textual critic, philosopher, and revolutionary.

His philological works include Wen Shi (文始 "The Origin of Writing"), the first systematic work of Chinese etymology. He also made contributions to historical Chinese phonology, proposing that "the niang (娘) and ri (日) initials [in Middle Chinese] come from the ni (泥) initial [in Old Chinese]" (known as niang ri gui ni 娘日歸泥). He developed a system of shorthand based on the seal script, called jiyin zimu (記音字母), later adopted as the basis of zhuyin. Though innovative in many ways, he was skeptical of new archaeological findings, regarding the oracle bones as forgery.

An activist as well as a scholar, he produced many political works. Because of his outspoken character, he was jailed for three years by the Qing Empire and put under house arrest for another three by Yuan Shikai.

Seal script
Seal script or sigillary script (traditional Chinese: 篆書; simplified Chinese: 篆书; pinyin: Zhuànshū; lit. 'decorative engraving script') is a style of writing Chinese characters that was common throughout the latter half of the 1st millennium BC. It evolved organically out of bronze script during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC). The variant of seal script used in the state of Qin eventually became comparatively standardized, and was adopted as the formal script across all of China during the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). It was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD).

The literal translation given above was coined during the Han dynasty, and reflects the role of the script being reduced to ceremonial inscriptions.
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) is a private deemed university located in Kattankulathur, (near Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 1985 as SRM Engineering College in Kattankulathur, it gained the deemed University status in 2002. SRM Institute of Science and Technology is spread across six campuses — Chennai (Kattankulathur, Ramapuram, Vadapalani, Baburayanpettai), Ghaziabad and Tiruchirappalli. Those are all same off-campuses of same University with headquarters being in Chennai (Kattankulathur) as per section 3 of University Grants Commission Act, 1956. It has three sister universities in Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh), Sonepet (Haryana) and Gangtok (Sikkim).

University Grants Commission Act, 1956
The University Grants Commission Act, 1956 is an Act of the Parliament of India. The Act is sometimes referred to as "the UGC Act" and, among other things, regulates central assistance for public universities.
Mychonastes
Mychonastes is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae. It is the sole genus of the family Mychonastaceae.

Species of Mychonastes are found in plankton of freshwater or brackish waters, or found in soil. It is a very common genus, and is often dominant.

Chlorophyceae
The Chlorophyceae, also known as chlorophycean algae, are one of the classes of green algae, within the phylum Chlorophyta. They are a large assemblage of mostly freshwater and terrestrial organisms; many members are important primary producers in the ecosystems they inhabit. Their body plans are diverse and range from single flagellated or non-flagellated cells to colonies or filaments of cells. The class Chlorophyceae has been distinguished on the basis of ultrastructural morphology; molecular traits are also being used to classify taxa within the class.
Frederico Barrigana
Frederico Barrigana (28 April 1922 – 30 September 2007) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He spent the vast majority of his career with Porto, where he earned the nickname "Mãos de Ferro" (Iron Hands) and appeared in 296 competitive matches. He was chosen by Portuguese sports newspaper Record as one of the best 100 Portuguese football players ever.

Record (Portuguese newspaper)
Record is a Portuguese sports newspaper, founded in 1949 by Manuel Dias, published in Lisbon. Although it covers most sports, football is the focal point of it, and almost always is the only sport referred to on the cover.
DXAN-TV
DXAN-TV (channel 29) is a television station in Metro Davao, Philippines, serving as the UHF mirror feed of RPTV 9 Davao affiliated with Radio Philippines Network. It is owned by Nation Broadcasting Corporation; TV5 Network, Inc., which owns TV5 outlet DXET-TV (channel 2), operates the station under an airtime lease agreement. Both stations share studios and transmitters at TV5 Heights, Broadcast Ave., Shrine Hills, Brgy. Matina Crossing, Davao City.

Metro Davao
Metro Davao, officially Metropolitan Davao (Cebuano: Kaulohang Dabaw; Filipino: Kalakhang Davao), is a metropolitan area in Mindanao, Philippines. It includes the cities of Davao, Digos, Panabo, Samal and Tagum and spans parts of all five provinces of the Davao Region. Metro Davao is one of three metropolitan areas in the Philippines. It is administered by the Metropolitan Davao Development Authority. It is the largest metropolitan region by land area and the second most populous in the Philippines.
Santa Margarita River Trail Preserve
Santa Margarita River Trail Preserve is a nature preserve owned and managed by The Wildlands Conservancy, a nonprofit land conservancy. 
The 1,384 acres (5.60 km2) property, established in 2018, is located in San Diego County, California, near Fallbrook, California. 
It protects a five-mile stretch of the Santa Margarita River, one of the last free-flowing rivers in Southern California. 
It is one of the preserves managed by The Wildlands Conservancy.

Fallbrook, California
Fallbrook is a census-designated place in northern San Diego County, California. It had a population of 32,267 at the 2020 census. Fallbrook is immediately east of the U.S. Marine Corps' Camp Pendleton. It is known for its avocado groves and calls itself the "Avocado Capital of the World".
Shkëndija Durrës
Shkëndija Durrës is an Albanian sports club based in Durrës, Albania. Its men's football team recently competed in the Albanian Third Division and the women's team has competed at the Albanian Women's National Championship as recently as 2015. Their home ground is the Bernardina Qerraxhia Sports Complex.

Sport in Albania
Sport in Albania revolves mostly around team sports, such as football, basketball, volleyball and handball. Other sports includes boxing, weightlifting, tennis, swimming, judo, karate,  athletics, table tennis, badminton, rugby, cricket, and chess. Football in particular has seen a rapid transformation, with the Albania national football team making its debut at the 1964 UEFA European Football Championship. The national football team also qualified for the 2016 UEFA European Football Championship. Many Albanian athletes have also achieved significant success and have won European and Mediterranean titles in numerous sports during the years, such as wrestling, football, athletics and weightlifting. Albanian athletes have won a total 49 medals for Albania in 8 different Mediterranean sports.
Diego Di Berardino
Diego Rafael Di Berardino (born  29 July 1987, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian chess International Master. He took part in the Chess World Cup 2011, but was knocked out in the first round by Gata Kamsky.

Chess World Cup 2011
The Chess World Cup 2011 was a chess World Cup tournament. It was a 128-player single-elimination tournament, played between 26 August and 21 September 2011, in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. The Cup winner Peter Svidler, along with second placed Alexander Grischuk and third placed Vassily Ivanchuk, qualified for the Candidates stage of the World Chess Championship 2013.
Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola
Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known only from Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills, at 3,100 m elevation in the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica.

The length of the forewings is 2.6-5.0 mm.

The larvae feed on Tropaeolum emarginatum.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Isobutyraldehyde
Isobutyraldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCHO. It is an aldehyde, isomeric with n-butyraldehyde (butanal). Isobutyraldehyde is made, often as a side-product, by the hydroformylation of propene. Its odour is described as that of wet cereal or straw. It undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction even though it has alpha hydrogen atom. It is a colorless volatile liquid.

Cannizzaro reaction
The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Cannizzaro first accomplished this transformation in 1853, when he obtained benzyl alcohol and potassium benzoate from the treatment of benzaldehyde with potash (potassium carbonate).  More typically, the reaction would be conducted with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, giving the sodium or potassium carboxylate salt of the carboxylic-acid product:

2 C6H5CHO  +  KOH   →   C6H5CH2OH  +  C6H5COOK

The process is a redox reaction involving transfer of a hydride from one substrate molecule to the other: one aldehyde is oxidized to form the acid, the other is reduced to form the alcohol.
Hamilton v. Alabama (1961)
Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U.S. 52 (1961), was a case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States. Hamilton was charged in an Alabama court with breaking and entering a dwelling at night with intent to ravish, and had pleaded not guilty. He had then been convicted and sentenced to death. The Court ruled unanimously that the absence of counsel at the time of his arraignment violated Hamilton's due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Burglary
Burglary, also called breaking and entering (B&E) or housebreaking, is a property crime involving the illegal entry into a building or other area without permission, typically with the intention of committing a further criminal offence. Usually that offence is theft, larceny, robbery, or murder, but most jurisdictions include others within the ambit of burglary. To commit burglary is to burgle, a term back-formed from the word burglar, or to burglarize.
Quincy Northwest Historic District
The Quincy Northwest Historic District is a primarily residential historic district in Quincy, Illinois, USA. Located north and west of the city's downtown, the district encompasses over 1,600 contributing buildings; these buildings represent almost every prominent architectural style used between 1840 and 1950. The district developed somewhat irregularly, with no consistent plan or progression; however, development roughly spreads away from downtown and the Mississippi River. While most buildings in the districts are homes, businesses and industrial buildings are interspersed in residential areas without forming clear areas of non-residential use. The Italianate and Queen Anne styles are the two most prevalent of the many formal architectural styles which can be seen in the district; common vernacular styles include the gable front house, the shotgun house, the I-house and the bungalow.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 2000.

Gablefront house
A gablefront house, also called a gable-front house or front-gable house, is a vernacular (or "folk") house type in which the gable is facing the street or entrance side of the house. They were built in large numbers throughout the United States primarily between the early 19th century and 1920.

A gablefront cottage is a smaller variant, consisting of either a single story or a story and a half. They were typically used as working-class dwellings, most being rather simple in design. However, they may contain some ornamentation such as brackets around the doorways or roof line. Many gablefront houses contain front porches.
History of the Gisborne District
The Gisborne District or Gisborne Region has a deep and complex history that dates back to the early 1300s. The region, on the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island, has many culturally and historically significant sites that relate to early Māori exploration in the 14th century and important colonial events, such as Captain Cook's first landfall in New Zealand.

Hawaiki
Hawaiki (also rendered as ʻAvaiki in the Cook Islands, Hawaiki in Māori, Savaiʻi in Samoan, Havaiʻi in Tahitian, Hawaiʻi in Hawaiian) is, in Polynesian folklore, the original home of the Polynesians, before dispersal across Polynesia. It also features as the underworld in many Māori stories.

Anne Salmond states Havaiʻi is the old name for Raiatea, the homeland of the Māori.  When British explorer James Cook first sighted New Zealand in 1769, he had on board Tupaia, a Raiatean navigator and priest.  Cook's arrival seemed to be a confirmation of a prophecy by Toiroa, a priest from Mahia.  At Tolaga Bay, Tupaia conversed with the tohunga associated with the school of learning located there, called Te Rawheoro.  The priest asked about the Māori homelands, 'Rangiatea' (Ra'iatea), 'Hawaiki' (Havai'i, the ancient name for Ra'iatea), and 'Tawhiti' (Tahiti).
Paiute
Paiute (/ˈpaɪjuːt/; also Piute) refers to three non-contiguous groups of Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. Although their languages are related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, these three languages do not form a single subgroup and they are no more closely related to each than they are to the Central Numic languages (Timbisha, Shoshoni, and Comanche) which are spoken between them.

The term "Paiute" does not refer to a single, unique, unified group of Great Basin tribes, but is a historical label comprising:

Northern Paiute people of northeastern California, northwestern Nevada, eastern Oregon, and southern Idaho

Southern Paiute people of northern Arizona, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah

Mono people of east central California, divided into Owens Valley Paiute (Eastern Mono) and Western Mono (Monache)

Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
The Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin are Native Americans of the northern Great Basin, Snake River Plain, and upper Colorado River basin. The "Great Basin" is a cultural classification of Indigenous peoples of the Americas and a cultural region located between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, in what is now Nevada, and parts of Oregon, California, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. The Great Basin region at the time of European contact was ~400,000 sq mi (1,000,000 km2). There is very little precipitation in the Great Basin area which affects the lifestyles and cultures of the inhabitants.
Igor Merezhko
Igor Merezhko (born 30 April 1998) is a Ukrainian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for HC Škoda Plzeň of the Czech Extraliga.

Merezhko also represents Ukraine in international hockey competitions.

In 2023, he was recognized as the best Ukrainian hockey player.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.