hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cheilotheca
Cheilotheca is a small genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in the family Ericaceae. They obtain their nutrients by parasitising fungi in the Russulaceae family. As of 2025, the genus includes four species.

Russulaceae
The Russulaceae are a diverse family of fungi in the order Russulales, with roughly 1,900 known species and a worldwide distribution. They comprise the brittlegills and the milk-caps, well-known mushroom-forming fungi that include some edible species. These gilled mushrooms are characterised by the brittle flesh of their fruitbodies.

In addition to these typical agaricoid forms, the family contains species with fruitbodies that are laterally striped (pleurotoid), closed (secotioid or gasteroid), or crust-like (corticioid). Molecular phylogenetics has demonstrated close affinities between species with very different fruitbody types and has discovered new, distinct lineages.

An important group of root-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and shrublands around the world includes Lactifluus, Multifurca, Russula, and Lactarius. The crust-forming genera Boidinia, Gloeopeniophorella, and Pseudoxenasma, all wood-decay fungi, have basal positions in the family.
Leonard Holbrook
Rear-Admiral Leonard Stanley Holbrook MVO (1 January 1882 – 29 August 1974) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy. He was the Commodore Commanding His Majesty's Australian Squadron from 29 May 1931 to 7 April 1932.

Fleet Command (Australia)
The Fleet Command is responsible for the command, operations, readiness, training and force generation of all ships, submarines, aircraft squadrons, diving teams, and shore establishments of the Royal Australian Navy. Fleet Command is headquartered at HMAS Kuttabul in Sydney, and is led by the Commander Australian Fleet (COMAUSFLT), also referred to as Fleet Commander Australia (FCAUST), which is a rear admiral (two-star) appointment.

The position of Commander Australian Fleet was established in 2007. The previous positions since 1913 were:

Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Fleet (1913–1926),

Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Squadron (1926–1949),

Flag Officer Commanding HM Australian Fleet (1949–1988, regularly abbreviated as FOCAF), and

Maritime Commander Australia (1988–2007 – MCAUST).(I)
Arthur Gratias
Arthur L. Gratias (May 1, 1920 – March 6, 2015) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Gratias was born in Nora Springs, Iowa. He attended Wartburg College and the University of Northern Iowa. He served in the United States Army during World War II, for which he received the Légion d'honneur in 2013. Gratias farmed for 23 years. His career in education included five years of teaching experience and four years as an elementary school principal. Gratias then served 22 years on the school board.  He was a member of the Iowa Senate from 1979 to 1987, serving the 7th and 15th districts as a Republican.

Iowa's 7th Senate district
The 7th district of the Iowa Senate is located in Western Iowa; it is currently composed Monona County, and of parts of Cherokee, Plymouth, and Woodbury counties. Its current member of the Iowa Senate is Republican Kevin Alons.
Pete King (composer)
C. Dudley "Pete" King (August 8, 1914 – September 21, 1982) was an American music composer and arranger of easy listening music and film soundtracks.

He was born in Ohio and studied music at the Cincinnati Conservatory and the University of Michigan. He was elected president of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in 1967.

King conducted orchestras for a variety of Hollywood films including adapting the works of Edvard Grieg for The Pied Piper of Hamelin and two comedies The Family Jewels and The Last of the Secret Agents.  King's arrangements and cues were heard often in the American television series Happy Days and The Brady Bunch. With his own Pete King Chorale he recorded, among other songs, "Hey, Look Me Over".

He was buried at the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles.

Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (/ɡriːɡ/ GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to fame, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana in Bohemia.

Grieg is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues that depict his image and many cultural entities named after him: the city's largest concert building (Grieg Hall), its most advanced music school (Grieg Academy) and its professional choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.
Kfar Qouq
Kfar Qouq (and variations of spelling) is a village in Lebanon, situated in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate. It is located in an intermontane basin near Mount Hermon near the Syrian border, approximately halfway between Jezzine and Damascus.

The population of the hillside village is predominantly Druze.

Jezzine
Jezzine (Arabic: جزين Jizzīn) is a municipality in Lebanon, located 22 km (14 mi) from Sidon and 40 km (25 mi) south of Beirut. It is the capital of Jezzine District.  Surrounded by mountain peaks, pine forests (like the Bkassine Pine Forest), and at an average altitude of 950 m (3,117 ft), it is the main summer resort and tourist destination of South Lebanon. The town is also known in Lebanon for the shrine of Our Lady of the Waterfall.
1841 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1841.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Tambunan (surname)
Tambunan is one of Toba Batak clans originating in North Sumatra, Indonesia. People of this clan bear the clan's name as their surname. Notable people of this clan include:

Albert Mangaratua Tambunan (1910–1970), Indonesian politician

Albertus Maruli Tambunan (1925–2019), Indonesian armed forces officer and politician

Ashari Tambunan (born 1956), Indonesian politician

Bahal Tambunan (born 1974), Indonesian geologist

Djamaluddin Tambunan (1922–2001), Indonesian bureaucrat and politician

Edward Wellington Pahala Tambunan (1928–2006), Indonesian military figure and politician

RO Tambunan (1935–2015), Indonesian lawyer and politician

Djamaluddin Tambunan
Djamaluddin Tambunan (4 February 1922 – 16 October 2001) was an Indonesian bureaucrat and politician. He primarily served in the regional government of North Sumatera, reaching the rank of regional secretary in 1973 before being transferred to Jambi as the province's governor in 1974. After the end of his term as governor in 1979, he was transferred to the Department of Home Affairs to lead the department's research and development agency. He was elected as a member of parliament from Golkar in 1982 in 1987.
George Burman Foster
George Burman Foster (1858–1918) was part of the faculty in the Divinity School (Baptist) at the University of Chicago under the leadership of William Rainey Harper. His views were often thought by his contemporaries to support scientific naturalistic and humanistic views that contradict a Baptist view.  For example, he contributed a substantial essay on Nietzsche to the avant garde journal The Litte Review from its founding in 1914 through 1916.
A friendship with Clarence Darrow shows that despite Foster's progressive views he still valued and respected the views of a traditional Christian community.

William Rainey Harper
William Rainey Harper (July 24, 1856 – January 10, 1906) was an American academic, an accomplished semiticist, and Baptist clergyman. A Yale University professor, Harper helped to establish both the University of Chicago and Bradley University and served as the inaugural president of both institutions. He served as the inaugural president of the University of Chicago from 1891 to 1906.
Gary Dulin
Gary Dulin (born January 20, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end and defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes. He played for the Ottawa Rough Riders from 1982 to 1984, the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Toronto Argonauts in 1985 and for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1986 to 1987.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
Claudia Hinojosa
Claudia Hinojosa is a Mexican academic and an LGBT and human rights activist. She is also noted for being one of the first openly gay candidates to run for Congress in Mexico. She also served as adviser to the Mexican politician, Enoe Uranga.

National Council to Prevent Discrimination
The National Council to Prevent Discrimination (Spanish: Consejo Nacional para Prevenir La Discriminación; CONAPRED) is a Mexican government agency created in 2003 by Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination and to promote policies and measures to contribute to the cultural and social development and progress in social inclusion and guarantee the right to equality.
Regiment Skoonspruit
Regiment Skoonspruit was a motorised infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation. As a reserve unit, it had a status roughly equivalent to that of a present-day British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.

Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.
Grain quality
In agriculture, grain quality judgement depends on the intended use of the grain. In ethanol production, aspects of the chemical composition of grain–and specific aspects such as starch content–are considered important. In food processing and feed manufacturing, properties such as protein, oil, and sugar are significant. In the milling industry, soundness is the most important factor. For grain farmers, high germination percentage and seed dormancy are the main features to consider. For consumers, sensory properties such as color and flavor are most important.

Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.
Xylophanes epaphus
Xylophanes epaphus is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1875. It is found from French Guiana possibly as far south as Argentina.

It is somewhat similar to Xylophanes obscurus but generally paler and with a pinkish tint overall. The forewings are shorter and broader and less excavate below the apex. The forewing upperside is similar to Xylophanes obscurus but paler brown, the dark patch distal to the discal spot is smaller, transverse, narrowly oval and less than half the width of that of Xylophanes obscurus. The conspicuous postmedian line is slightly concave and running to the apex.

Adults are probably on wing year round.

The larvae possibly feed on Psychotria panamensis, Psychotria nervosa and Pavonia guanacastensis.

Psychotria nervosa
Psychotria nervosa, also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles "the true coffee bean" in shape and attract birds. Its maximum height ranges from approximately 4–10 feet.

Despite its common name of wild coffee, this species is not known to contain any caffeine. In recounting anecdotes from others, the Florida ethnobotanist, Dan Austin, reported that the use of the seeds as a coffee substitute resulted in "only bad taste and terrible headaches." A similar account reported no known usage as a coffee substitute in Jamaica and noted the morphological similarity of its seed to coffee, the more likely reason for its common name being wild coffee. Reports of DMT in this species are also unsubstantiated.
Theerpugal Thiruththapadalam
Theerpugal Thiruththapadalam (transl. Judgments can be amended) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language mystery film produced, directed and written by M. Bhaskar. The film stars Sivakumar, Ambika and Sathyakala. It was released on 9 October 1982, and became a silver jubilee hit.

Sivakumar
Palaniswamy (born 27 October 1941), better known by his stage name Sivakumar, is an Indian visual artist and former actor who has appeared in Tamil cinema and television. He made his acting debut in Kaakum Karangal (1965) and has worked in 195 movies, predominantly in Tamil cinema. He has won three Filmfare Awards South and two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Ann-Christine From Utterstedt
Ann-Christine From Utterstedt (born 1972) is a Swedish politician for the Sweden Democrats party and has been an MP in the Riksdag since 2018.

From Utterstedt worked as a nursing assistant in a care facility and was a councilor for the Sweden Democrats in Västerås. She was elected to parliament in 2018 representing the Västmanland County constituency and takes seat 165 in the Riksdag. She serves on the Social Affairs Committee and the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy in the Riksdag. Utterstedt is also the SD's spokesperson on issues concerning the elderly. In this role, she has argued that nursing home staff must be subjected to a Swedish language skills test before being certified to work. In 2020, she was also the party spokesperson on COVID-19 policy.

Västerås
Västerås (Swedish: [vɛstɛˈroːs] ⓘ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland, 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Stockholm. The city had a population of 127,799 at the end of 2019, out of the municipal total of 158,653, over 100,000 more than the next largest of the 17 localities included in the Västerås Municipality.
Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality, which is the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see.
Thiruthalvaadi
Thiruthalvaadi (transl. The Revisionist) is a 1992 Malayalam film written by Kaloor Dennis and directed by Viji Thampi. The film stars Siddique, Jagadish, Jagathy Sreekumar, Urvashi and Sivaranjini in the main roles. The basic plot was based on the 1982 Tamil movie Manal Kayiru, directed by Visu.

Kaloor Dennis
Kaloor Dennis is an Indian film scriptwriter and novelist. He works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He started his career with Anubhavangale Nandi in 1979. He worked in more than 100 Malayalam movies with the areas of his contribution including script, story and dialogue. Popular movies scripted by him are Raktham (1981), Aa Rathri (1983), Sandarbam (1984), January Oru Orma (1986), Gajakesariyogam (1990), Mimics Parade (1991), Welcome to Kodaikanal (1992), Kudumbasametham (1992) and Paithrukam (1993). He won the 1992 Kerala State Film Award for Best Screenplay for Kudumbasametham His son Dinu Dennis has acted in the films Ottananayam (2005) and Ennitum (2006).
Dorothy Gish
Dorothy Elizabeth Gish (March 11, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was an American stage and screen actress. Dorothy and her older sister Lillian Gish were major movie stars of the silent era. Dorothy also had great success on the stage, and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Dorothy Gish was noted as a fine comedian, and many of her films were comedies.

Donald Crisp
Donald William Crisp (27 July 1882 – 25 May 1974) was an English film actor as well as an early producer, director and screenwriter. His career lasted from the early silent film era into the 1960s. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1942 for his performance in How Green Was My Valley.
BM/85 mine
The BM/85 is an Italian blast resistant bounding anti-personnel mine that was produced by Tecnovar italiana SpA. The mine is cylindrical with a three pronged tilt/pressure fuze on the top with a central post for attaching a tripwire. A plastic safety clip prevents the fuze from tilting when in transit. Once the pressure clip is removed the mine is armed. Once the fuze is pulled sideways by a trip wire or by downward pressure, the mine is triggered. A small charge launches the mine to a height of about 0.45 meters where it explodes scattering 1,000 fragments to a lethal radius of about 25 meters.

The mine is similar to the Valmara 69, both share a similar fuze mechanism which is resistant to blast overpressure making them difficult to clear rapidly.

The mine was in service with the Italian army but all operational stocks of the mine have been destroyed.

Blast resistant mine
A blast resistant mine is a landmine (intended for anti-tank or anti-personnel purposes) with a fuze which is designed to be insensitive to the shock wave from a nearby explosion. This feature makes it difficult or impossible to clear such mines using explosive minefield breaching techniques. As a result, the process of clearing minefields is slower and more complex. Blast resistance can be achieved in a number of ways.
Listed buildings in Boughton Aluph
Boughton Aluph is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Ashford of Kent, England. It contains one grade I, one grade II* and 35 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

Borough of Ashford
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, Ashford, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Tenterden and an extensive surrounding rural area including numerous villages; with an area of 580 square kilometres (220 sq mi), it is the largest district in Kent. Parts of the borough lie within the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald and the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts are (clockwise from west) Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Swale, Canterbury, Folkestone and Hythe, and Rother. The latter is in East Sussex, the rest are in Kent.
Kefe Eyalet
The Eyalet of Kefe or Caffa (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت كفه, romanized: Eyālet-i Kefê) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. The eyalet stretched across the northern coast of the Black Sea with the main sanjak (Pasha sanjak) being located in the southern coast of Crimea. The eyalet was under direct Ottoman rule, completely separate from the Khanate of Crimea. Its capital was at Kefe, the Turkish name for Caffa (modern Feodosiya in Crimea).

Evliya Çelebi
Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman Turkish explorer who travelled through his home country during its cultural zenith as well as neighboring lands. He travelled for over 40 years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyahatnâme ("Book of Travel"). The name Çelebi is an honorific meaning "gentleman" or "man of God".
United States v. Shipp
United States v. Shipp, 203 U.S. 563 (1906) (along with decisions at 214 U.S. 386 (1909), and 215 U.S. 580 (1909)), were rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States with regard to Sheriff Joseph F. Shipp and five others of Chattanooga, Tennessee, having "in effect aided and abetted" the lynching of Ed Johnson. They were held in contempt of court and sentenced to imprisonment. It remains the only criminal trial in the history of the Supreme Court.

Aiding and abetting
Aiding and abetting is a legal doctrine related to the guilt of someone who aids or abets (encourages, incites) another person in the commission of a crime (or in another's suicide). It exists in a number of different countries and generally allows a court to pronounce someone guilty for aiding and abetting in a crime even if they are not the principal offender. English common law distinguished aiding and abetting from being an accessory before the fact in that the former required presence at the crime, while the latter required absence from the crime. Some jurisdictions maintain that distinction. Other jurisdictions have merged being an accessory before the fact with aiding and abetting.
Kinshuk Dasgupta
Kinshuk Dasgupta is an Indian  at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. He also holds a professorship at the Homi Bhabha National Institute. He earned his Bachelor in Engineering from Jadavpur University in metallurgy and PhD from the Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai in chemical engineering. His research expertise mainly includes work on carbon based nano materials and composites with the use of nano materials.

Jadavpur University
Jadavpur University (abbr. JU) is a public state funded technical and research university with its main campus located at Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established on 25 July in 1906 as Bengal Technical Institute and was converted into Jadavpur University on 24 December in 1955. As of the 2025 NIRF rankings, Jadavpur University has been ranked 9th among universities, 1st among state public universities, 18th among engineering institutes, and 18th overall in India. Also Nature Index ranked Jadavpur University in 1st among universities in India and 22nd overall in India in terms of research output (2023–2024). The university has been recognized by the UGC as an institute with "Potential for Excellence" and accredited an "A+" grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).