hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iban language
The Iban language (jaku Iban) is spoken by the Iban, one of the Dayak ethnic groups who live in Brunei, the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan and in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It belongs to the Malayic subgroup, a Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

Iban has reached a stage of becoming a koiné language in Sarawak due to contact with groups speaking other related Ibanic languages within the state. It is ranked as Level 5 (i.e. "safe") in term of endangerment on Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS). Since 2024, the Iban language is included in Google Translate under Malaysia domain.

Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale
The Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), developed by Lewis and Simons (2010) as an expansion of Joshua Fishman's GIDS, measures a language's status in terms of endangerment or development.

The table below shows the various levels on the scale:

Fishman's GIDS had levels 1 to 8. EGIDS adds levels 0, 9 and 10, and splits Fishman's levels 6 and 8 into two parts each.

The EGIDS model has become widely known, cited in 911 publications as of May 2025.

This model was developed for spoken languages. It has also been adapted for use with sign languages.
Chironius grandisquamis
Chironius grandisquamis, the Ecuador sipo, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is found in Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia.

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
FMX
FMX may stand for:

FMX (broadcasting), a system employing audio noise reduction

FMX (Conference), an annual conference on visual effects in Stuttgart, taking place in February

Famoxadone, a pesticide abbreviated as FMX

FireMonkey, a visual software development framework abbreviated as FMX used for building user interfaces in Delphi, C++Builder and Python

Ford FMX Transmission, an automatic transmission

Freestyle Motocross, a variation on the sport of motocross in which motorcycle riders attempt to impress judges with jumps and stunts

Full Mouth X-ray

Fomento Económico Mexicano, a Mexican beverage and retail company

FMX (conference)
FMX – Film & Media Exchange is one of Europe's most influential conferences dedicated to animation, effects, interactive and immersive media organized by Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg. It takes place at Haus der Wirtschaft in Stuttgart every spring., presenting top-notch speakers from all over the world like Volker Engel, Jan Pinkava, Douglas Trumbull, Ed Hooks, Regina Pessoa, Georgina Hayns, Andy Serkis, Roland Emmerich and Dave McKean.
Liu Yunchang
Liu Yunchang (Chinese: 劉 雲章; 20 February 1912 in Anguo, Hebei, China – 17 January 1993 in Beijing, China) was a Chinese basketball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Chinese basketball team, which was eliminated in the second round of the Olympic tournament. He played one match. After his basketball career, he became a politician.

Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the first appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event.  The tournament was played between 7 and 14 August 1936 in Berlin, Germany.  23 nations entered the competition, making basketball the largest tournament of the team sports, but Hungary and Spain withdrew, meaning 21 competed.

The International Olympic Committee and International Basketball Federation, which is the governing body of international basketball, used the 1936 tournament to experiment with outdoor basketball.  Lawn and dirt tennis courts were used for the competition, but this caused problems when the weather was adverse, especially during the final of the tournament.

The medals were awarded by James Naismith, the inventor of basketball.  The United States won its first gold medal, while Canada and Mexico won silver and bronze, their only medals in basketball, as of 2024.
Bombay the Hard Way: Guns, Cars and Sitars
Bombay the Hard Way: Guns, Cars and Sitars is a remix album which consists of tracks from 1970s Bollywood composer duo Kalyanji–Anandji (Kalyanji Virji Shah and Anandji Virji Shah) remixed by Dan the Automator. It was released on Motel Records in 1998. The album features music from films scored by the duo, such as Don, Purab Aur Pachhim, Qurbani, and Karmayogi.

A sequel album titled Bombay 2: Electric Vindaloo, without Automator's involvement, was released in 2001, focusing on '80s Bollywood music.

Qurbani (film)
Qurbani (transl. Sacrifice) is a 1980 Indian Hindi-language musical romantic action thriller film produced, directed, co-written by and starring Feroz Khan (under the banner FK International). The film co-stars Vinod Khanna, Zeenat Aman, Amjad Khan, Shakti Kapoor, Aruna Irani, Amrish Puri and Kader Khan.

The film released on 20 June 1980 and was declared a blockbuster.  It was the highest-grossing film of 1980. This film also won 2 Filmfare Awards.

It is said to be inspired by the 1972 Italian-West German movie The Master Touch.
Elaine Harvey
Elaine D. Harvey (born September 18, 1954, in Lovell, Wyoming) is an American politician who served as a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives representing District 26 from January 2003 to January 2017.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Igor Piddubny
Igor Piddubny (also spelled Poddubny; Ukrainian: Ігор Миколайович Піддубний; born June 18, 1965) is a Ukrainian journalist, media manager, politician, and film director known for a number of documentaries that covered controversial topics in Ukrainian history and were aimed at Russophone audiences in both Ukraine and Russia. One of these documentaries, which delves into the life of Stepan Bandera, one of the leaders of Ukrainian nationalists, topped the ratings of UA:First, the national television channel in Ukraine, for the year 2015. Piddubny was also one of the founders of Robinzon TV, the first streaming television website in Ukraine. He received Merited Journalist of Ukraine award in 2015.

Kharkiv City Council
Kharkiv City Council (Ukrainian: Харківська міська рада, romanized: Kharkivska miska rada) is the city council for the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv, and is elected every five years to run the city's local government.
AD Plastik
AD Plastik is a manufacturer of components for the automotive industry based in Solin, Croatia. The company specializes in development and manufacturing of parts from various materials for both the exterior and interior of a car and is one of the leading companies in Eastern Europe in that segment. As of 2023, it is part of the CROBEX share index of the Zagreb Stock Exchange. The AD Plastik Group also includes, in addition to its operations in Croatia, several smaller companies and factories located in Romania, Hungary, Serbia, and Russia. More than 90% of its output is exported to customers in Western Europe, such as Renault, Stellantis and Peugeot.

Tiszaújváros
Tiszaújváros (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈtisɒuːjvaːroʃ]; Slovak: Nové Mesto nad Tisou) is an industrial town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 35 km (22 mi) south-east of Miskolc, near the river Tisza.
1975 Monte Carlo WCT
The 1975 Monte Carlo WCT, also known by its sponsored name Marlboro Classic, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. The tournament was part of the Green Group of the 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the 70th edition of the event and was held from 23 March through 30 March 1975. Manuel Orantes won the singles title.

Bob Hewitt
Robert Anthony John Hewitt (born 12 January 1940) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. In 1967, after marrying a South African, he became a South African citizen. He has won 15 major titles and a career Grand Slam in both men's and mixed doubles.

In 2015, he was convicted of rape and sexual assault of girls he was coaching in the 1980s and 1990s; Hewitt was sentenced to six years in jail, and was subsequently expelled from the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
K (2002 film)
K is a 2002 film directed by Iranian American multimedia artist Shoja Azari, based on three short stories by Franz Kafka - "The Married Couple," "In the Penal Colony" and "A Fratricide." - which are all performed by the same group of actors.

In the Penal Colony
"In the Penal Colony" ("In der Strafkolonie") (also translated as "In the Penal Settlement") is a short story by Franz Kafka written in German in October 1914, revised in November 1918, and first published in October 1919.

The story is set in an unnamed penal colony and describes the last use of an elaborate torture and execution device that carves the name of the offense that the condemned prisoner committed on his skin as he slowly dies over the course of twelve hours. As the plot unfolds, the reader learns more and more about the machine, including its origin and original justification.
WXMG (FM)
WXMG (95.5 MHz "Magic 95.5") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Lancaster, Ohio, and serving the Columbus metropolitan area.  It is owned by Urban One and broadcasts an urban adult contemporary radio format.  WXMG carries nationally syndicated shows from Rickey Smiley, D.L. Hughley and Al B. Sure!  The radio studios and offices are on East First Avenue in Columbus.

WXMG's effective radiated power (ERP) is 21,000 watts. The transmitter is on Stoney Hill Road SW in Delmont, Ohio, near U.S. Route 22.

Al B. Sure!
Albert Joseph Brown III (born June 4, 1968), known professionally as Al B. Sure!, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, radio host and former record executive. He was born in Boston and raised in Mount Vernon, New York. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Brown was one of new jack swing's most popular performers.
Bulmer (typeface)
Bulmer is a serif typeface originally designed by punchcutter William Martin around 1790 for the Shakespeare Press, run by William Bulmer (1757–1830). The types were used for printing the Boydell Shakespeare folio edition. The name "Bulmer" was given to the typeface retroactively.

Morris Fuller Benton
Morris Fuller Benton (November 30, 1872 – June 30, 1948) was an American typeface designer who headed the design department of the American Type Founders (ATF), for which he was the chief type designer from 1900 to 1937.

Many of Benton's designs, such as his large family of related sans-serif or "gothic" typefaces, including Alternate Gothic, Franklin Gothic, and News Gothic, are still in everyday use.
Navelencia, California
36°41′00″N 119°23′08″W﻿ / ﻿36.68333°N 119.38556°W﻿ / 36.68333; -119.38556

Navelencia is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California, United States. It is located 7 miles (11 km) east-southeast of Centerville, at an elevation of 420 feet (128 m). The farmland surrounding Navelencia supports orchards of oranges and other citrus trees. The township's name is a portmanteau of two varieties of oranges: navel and valencia. This orange-themed naming is shared with the neighboring city, Orange Cove.

A post office operated at Navelencia from 1915 to 1931.

Navel orange
The navel orange is a variety of orange with a characteristic second fruit at the apex, which protrudes slightly like a human navel. This variety first was caused by a mutation in an orange tree, and first appeared in the early 19th century at a monastery in Bahia, Brazil. The mutation caused the orange to develop a second fruit at its base, opposite the stem, embedded within the peel of the primary orange. This mutation also caused it to be seedless, meaning the only way the plant can be propagated is by cutting and grafting.

Navel oranges are mainly an eating fruit because they are seedless and their thicker skin makes them easy to peel. They are also less suitable for juice than other orange varieties as they are less juicy, and because their flesh contains limonin, which becomes bitter when exposed to air.
Katakolo railway station
Katakolo railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Κατακόλου, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Katakolo) is a railway station that serves the town of Katakolo, Elis in Western Greece, Greece. Located in the centre of Katakolo, close to the harbour and ferry port, the station was opened in 1882 by the Pyrgos-Katakolo Railway Company (SPK), (now part of OSE). Today TrainOSE operates 3 scheduled daily Regional trains to Olympia, via Pyrgos. The station is unstaffed however there are waiting rooms available. It was the most western active station on the OSE network.

Western Greece
Western Greece Region (Greek: Περιφέρεια Δυτικής Ελλάδας, romanized: Periféria Dhitikís Elládhas, [periˈferia ðitiˈcis eˈlaðas]) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It comprises the western part of continental Greece and the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It occupies an area of 11,336 km2 (4,377 sq mi) and its population is, according to the 2011 census, at 679,796 inhabitants. The capital of the Western Greece is Patras, the third-largest-city in the country, with a population of about 280,000 inhabitants. The NUTS 2 code for the region of Western Greece is EL63.
Cinnamon Cinder
The Cinnamon Cinder was a chain of Southern California nightclubs owned by Bob Eubanks. Acts that appeared in the clubs included  the Coasters, the Drifters, Sonny & Cher, Buffalo Springfield, Ike & Tina Turner, and the Shirelles.

The Coasters
The Coasters are an American rhythm and blues/rock and roll vocal group who had a string of hits in the late 1950s. With hits including "Searchin'", "Young Blood", "Charlie Brown", "Poison Ivy", and "Yakety Yak", their most memorable songs were written by the songwriting and producing team of Leiber and Stoller. Although the Coasters originated outside of mainstream doo-wop, their records were so frequently imitated that they became an important part of the doo-wop legacy through the 1960s.   In 1987, they were the first group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Jean-Marc Aué
Jean-Marc Aué (born 10 May 1973) is a French former professional rugby union player.

Born in Carmaux, Aué is the son of France "B" international Jean-Pierre Aué and grandson of Louis Aué, who played in US Carmaux's 1950–51 French Championship winning side.

Aué, a three-quarter, played his early rugby for SU Agen and as a 19-year old winger scored a hat-trick in their 1992–93 French Championship quarter-final win over CA Brive. After moving on to Castres Olympique in 1994, he earned a France call up in 1998 for the Five Nations, gaining a cap in the 51–0 win over Wales at Wembley Stadium, which secured the grand slam. He also represented France in rugby sevens.

1998 Five Nations Championship
The 1998 Five Nations Championship was the 69th series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the hundred-and-fourth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. In total, ten matches were played over five weekends from 7 February to 5 April. France won it with a Grand Slam. England had the consolation of winning the Triple Crown, the Calcutta Cup and the Millennium Trophy.
Patife Band (EP)
Patife Band is the first official release from the homonymous Brazilian post-punk/experimental rock band Patife Band, released in 1985 by now-defunct independent label Lira Paulistana Records. The song selection includes four original compositions by Patife Band, as well as punk rock-inflected covers of Bobby di Carlo's "Tijolinho" and of the Portuguese-language anonymous adaptation of the traditional Christmas song "Silent Night".

"Pregador Maldito" would appear on the soundtrack of the 1986 Brazilian film Cidade Oculta, directed by Chico Botelho and starring Paulo Barnabé's older brother, Arrigo, who also compiled and provided some tracks for the OST. The tracks "Pregador Maldito", "Pesadelo" and "Tô Tenso" would be re-recorded for their debut Corredor Polonês.

Silent Night
"Silent Night" (German: "Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht") is a popular Christmas carol, composed in 1818 by Franz Xaver Gruber to lyrics by Joseph Mohr in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2011. The song was first recorded in 1905 and has remained a popular success, appearing in films and multiple successful recordings, as well as being quoted in other musical compositions. It is one of the most recorded Christmas songs, with more than 137,000 known recordings.
Emil Arnold
Emil Arnold (1897–1974) was a Swiss politician. He was an active participant in the 1918 bank sector strike and the 1918 Swiss general strike. He was a member of the Communist International executive as of 1921. He became a member of the Grand Council of Basel-Stadt in 1926. He was a member of the National Council in 1932. He was a founding member of the Swiss Party of Labour in 1944. In 1951 he again served as a member of the National Council.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Scaling pattern of occupancy
In spatial ecology and macroecology, scaling pattern of occupancy (SPO), also known as the area-of-occupancy (AOO) is the way in which species distribution changes across spatial scales.  In physical geography and image analysis, it is similar to the modifiable areal unit problem. Simon A. Levin (1992) states that the problem of relating phenomena across scales is the central problem in biology and in all of science. Understanding the SPO is thus one central theme in ecology.

Spatial ecology
Spatial ecology  studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species. In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological niche for any significant length of time.
Emeka (book)
Emeka a biography by English writer Frederick Forsyth about his friend Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, head of the state of Biafra, a republic that seceded from Nigeria and was briefly independent. The book was published in 1982. In 1991 a revised edition was published.

"Emeka" is an abbreviation of the Igbo name "Chukwuemeka".

Frederick Forsyth
Frederick McCarthy Forsyth (/fɔːˈsaɪθ/ for-SYTH; 25 August 1938 – 9 June 2025) was an English novelist and journalist. He was best known for thrillers such as The Day of the Jackal, The Odessa File, The Fourth Protocol, The Dogs of War, The Devil's Alternative, The Fist of God, Icon, The Veteran, Avenger, The Afghan, The Cobra and The Kill List.

Forsyth's works frequently appeared on best-sellers lists, and more than a dozen of his titles have been adapted to film. By 2006, he had sold more than 70 million books in more than 30 languages. He also worked as a journalist, first joining Reuters in 1961 before serving as an assistant diplomatic correspondent in 1965 for the BBC. He also frequently wrote a column for the newspaper Daily Express, often regarding political and social issues from Forsyth's politically conservative-leaning perspective.
Mikkel Dahl-Jessen
Mikkel Dahl-Jessen (born 20 December 1994) is a Danish middle-distance and long-distance runner.

In 2017, Dahl-Jessen competed in the senior men's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Kampala, Uganda. He finished in 102nd place. In the same year, he also represented Denmark at the 2017 Summer Universiade held in Taipei, Taiwan in the men's 1500 metres event. He did not qualify to compete in the final.

In 2019, Dahl-Jessen competed in the senior men's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. He finished in 104th place. In the same year, he also represented Denmark at the 2019 Summer Universiade held in Naples, Italy. He finished in 8th place in the men's 1500 metres.

In 2021, he competed in the men's 3000 metres event at the 2021 European Athletics Indoor Championships held in Toruń, Poland.

2017 Summer Universiade
The 2017 Summer Universiade (Chinese: 2017年夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Èr líng yī qī Nián Xiàjì Shìjiè Dàxué Yùndònghuì), officially known as the XXIX Summer Universiade (Chinese: 第二十九屆夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Dì èrshíjiǔ jiè xiàjì shìjiè dàxué yùndònghuì) and commonly called Taipei 2017 (Chinese: 台北2017; pinyin: Táiběi Èr líng yī qī), was a multi-sport event, sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Taipei, Taiwan. It took place from August 19 to August 30, 2017.
Sharphead band
The Sharphead band was an Indigenous people of what is now central Alberta, which was a part of the Stoney (Nakoda) ethno-linguistic group and was party to Treaty 6 (1876) with the Canadian Crown.  The Sharphead were devastated by hunger and disease and ceased to exist as a separate people after 1897 when their reserve lands were taken by the Canadian government and the few remaining survivors were dispersed to live with other neighbouring First Nations.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
Galactic Energy Welkin
Welkin (Chinese: 苍穹; pinyin: Cāngqióng) is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning RP-1 and liquid oxygen under development by Galactic Energy. The engine features a pintle type injector, a double suction coaxial split turbine pump, and a gas generator using vortex principle. The engine was built with reusability in mind and can be deep throttled to 20% and re-used up to 50 times.

Galactic Energy's Pallas-1 reusable launcher will be powered by Welkin engines. Seven Welkin engines producing 280 tonnes of thrust will be powering the first stage, while the second stage will be powered by a single vacuum-optimized engine. The engine successfully completed its first full-power test in March 2022.

Liquid oxygen
Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear, pale cyan liquid form of dioxygen O2. It was used as the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing.
Paul Wertico
Paul Wertico (born January 5, 1953, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American drummer. He gained recognition as a member of the Pat Metheny Group from 1983 until 2001, leaving the group to spend more time with his family and to pursue other musical interests.

Larry Gray
Larry Gray is a Chicago musician known for his compositions and skill on the double bass and cello. His primary teachers were Joseph Guastafeste, longtime principal bassist of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and cellist Karl Fruh.