hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osmotic diuretic
An osmotic diuretics are a diuretics which are freely filtered at the glomerulus and subsequently undergo limited reabsorption. They are relatively pharmacologically inert substances, and are given intravenously. They increase the osmolarity of blood and renal filtrate. The prototypical osmotic diuretic is mannitol. Other examples include glycerol, urea, and isosorbide.

Osmotic diuretics work chiefly by expanding extracellular fluid and plasma volume, thereby also increasing renal blood flow. This washes out solutes that maintain the cortical medullary gradient in the kidney, resulting in impaired osmotic urine concentrating ability in the loop of Henle. Osmotic diuretics can be used medically to improve GFR in acute kidney failure, and to reduce intracranial pressure and intra-ocular pressure as well as to promote prompt removal of renal toxins.

Isosorbide
Isosorbide is a bicyclic chemical compound from the group of diols and the oxygen-containing heterocycles, containing two fused furan rings. The starting material for isosorbide is D-sorbitol, which is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of D-glucose, which is in turn produced by hydrolysis of starch. Isosorbide is discussed as a plant-based platform chemical from which biodegradable derivatives of various functionality can be obtained.

In 2023, it was the 125th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions.
The Chrysalis Years: 1973–1979
The Chrysalis Years: 1973–1979 is a compilation album by the band UFO which includes 81 tracks, some not previously released. The compilation includes, in their entirety, the albums recorded for the Chrysalis label during said years, including (in order of appearance): Phenomenon (1974), Force It (1975), No Heavy Petting (1976),  Lights Out (1977), Obsession (1978), and Strangers in the Night (1979). In addition to these albums, the compilation also includes a previously unreleased live set recorded at Alex Cooley's Electric Ballroom in Atlanta, GA, several singles and B-sides which had not previously been released in CD format, and tracks recorded with BBC DJs Bob Harris and John Peel but not included on the original album releases. Arguably, this period during the 1970s is the zenith of the band's creativity, and The Chrysalis Years: 1973–1979 is an attractive collection likely to contain all the recordings by the band one might desire excepting for the most devout UFO fans.

Michael Schenker
Michael Schenker (born 10 January 1955) is a German guitarist. He played in the rock band UFO and leads the Michael Schenker Group (MSG). He was an early member of the hard rock band Scorpions, a band co-founded by his elder brother Rudolf Schenker. In the mid-1970s, Schenker joined UFO, playing lead and rhythm guitar. He left the band in 1978 to briefly rejoin Scorpions for the recording of Lovedrive, and then to form MSG. He has rejoined UFO three times, producing an album each time. Schenker continues to perform and record. He is regarded as one of the most influential guitarists of the 1970s, and has been called "a legendary figure in the history of metal guitar."
Tooley Street
Tooley Street is a road in central and south London connecting London Bridge to St Saviour's Dock; it runs past Tower Bridge on the Southwark/Bermondsey side of the River Thames, and forms part of the A200 road. (grid reference TQ3380.)

South London
South London is the southern part of London, England, mostly south of the River Thames. The region consists of the boroughs, in whole or in part, of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Kingston, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Richmond, Southwark, Sutton and Wandsworth.

South London originally emerged from Southwark, first recorded as Suthriganaweorc, meaning 'fort of the men of Surrey'. From Southwark, London then extended further down into northern Surrey and western Kent.
Duck Down Presents: The Album
Duck Down Presents: The Album is a compilation album by American New York–based hip hop record label Duck Down Records featured all new tracks recorded from Boot Camp Clik members and affiliates. It was released on September 14, 1999, via Priority Records. Recording sessions took place at D&D Studios, the Enterprize Studio and Unique Recording Studios in New York, and at the Spanish Coop in Los Angeles. Production was handled by Da Beatminerz, Arkatech Beatz, Buckshot, Eek-A-Mouse and Mike Caren among others. The album received very mediocre reviews. Black Moon's single "Jump Up" peaked at number 24 on the Hot Rap Songs.

Eek-A-Mouse
Ripton Joseph Hylton (born 19 November 1957), known artistically as Eek-A-Mouse, is a Jamaican reggae musician. He is one of the earliest artists to be described as a singjay. He is known for pioneering his own style of scatting, differing from the-then toasting deejays in the 1980s. Apart from his distinctive vocal style, Eek-A-Mouse has been noted for often wearing flashy and eccentric costumes during his performances. In a 1985 interview, he explained: "Entertaining is not just singing and rapping to audiences. People want to see you in costume and dancing."
2001 Qatar Total Fina Elf Open
The 2001 Qatar Total Fina Elf Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Khalifa International Tennis Complex in Doha in Qatar and was part of Tier III of the 2001 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 12 February through 18 February 2001. First-seeded Martina Hingis won the singles title.

Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex
The Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex is a tennis and squash complex in Doha, Qatar. The center is owned and operated by the Qatar Tennis Federation. It is the home venue of the ATP World Tour's Qatar ExxonMobil Open and WTA event Qatar Total Open. It formerly hosted the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2008–2010. It has also hosted the tennis and squash competitions at the 2006 Asian Games, as well as Padel World Championship in 2021 and 2024.
La Extra
La Extra is part of the Grupo Diario de Morelia, two newspapers in the city of Morelia, in the state of Michoacán in Mexico. Diario de Morelia, morning newspaper and La Extra, afternoon newspaper. It is printed in tabloid format and is based in Morelia.

Tabloid (newspaper format)
A tabloid is a newspaper format characterized by its compact size, smaller than a broadsheet. The term originates from the 19th century, when the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. used the term to describe compressed pills, later adopted by newspapers to denote condensed content. There are two main types of tabloid newspaper: red tops and compact, distinguished by editorial style.

Red top tabloids are distinct from broadsheet newspapers, which traditionally cater to more affluent, educated audiences with in-depth reporting and analysis. However, the line between tabloids and broadsheets has blurred in recent decades, as many broadsheet newspapers have adopted tabloid or compact formats to reduce costs and attract readers.

Globally, the tabloid format has been adapted to suit regional preferences and media landscapes. In countries like Germany and Australia, tabloids such as Bild and The Daily Telegraph have significant readerships and political clout.
Psychrolutes macrocephalus
Psychrolutes macrocephalus is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Psychrolutidae, the fatheads. This is a bathydemersal fish which is found in the southeastern Atlantic from off the Northern and Western Cape of South Africa with reports from Namibia and Japan. It has been recorded at depths from 419 to 1,012 m (1,375 to 3,320 ft).

Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters, they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters, they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.

Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish, which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column.
Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four per cent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 per cent.
Constantin Șerban
Constantin II Șerban (died 1682) was the prince of Wallachia from 1654 to 1658. He was an illegitimate son of Radu Şerban. According to custom, being born out of wedlock did not disqualify Constantin from becoming prince.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Pierre Schlag
Pierre Schlag (born March 3, 1954) is a legal theorist and the Byron R. White Professor at the University of Colorado Law School.   Generally associated with the critical legal studies movement and school of legal thought, his contributions to the modern legal canon have primarily focused on the subjects of aesthetics and the law, Constitutional interpretation, deconstruction, subjectivity, and broader 'meta' critiques of legal institutions, publications, and thought. He is also the author of a work of fiction, American Absurd.

Critical legal studies
Critical legal studies (CLS) is a school of critical theory that developed in the United States during the 1970s. CLS adherents claim that laws are devised to maintain the status quo of society and thereby codify its biases against marginalized groups.

Despite wide variations in the opinions of critical legal scholars around the world, there is a consensus regarding the key goals of critical legal studies:

to demonstrate the ambiguity and possible preferential outcomes of supposedly impartial and rigid legal doctrines;

to publicize historical, social, economic and psychological results of legal decisions;

to demystify legal analysis and legal culture in order to impose transparency on legal processes so that they earn the general support of socially responsible citizens.

The abbreviations "CLS" and "Crit" are sometimes used to refer to the movement and its adherents.
Daisies (Justin Bieber song)
"Daisies" is a song by the Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was sent to radio airplay as the lead single from Bieber's seventh studio album, Swag, on July 14, 2025. Bieber wrote the song with its producers Dijon, Mk.gee, Eddie Benjamin, Carter Lang, Dylan Wiggins, and Daniel Chetrit, alongside Tobias Jesso Jr. The alternative pop song features simple lo-fi instrumentation. The song received widespread critical acclaim for its rawness, and charted within the top 5 in many countries including reaching number one in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Iceland and Estonia. It debuted at number one on both the US and Global Spotify charts. The song's success earned it a Grammy Awards 2026 nomination for Best Pop Solo Performance.

Tobias Jesso Jr.
Tobias MacDonald Jesso Jr. (born July 11, 1985) is a Canadian musician. His debut album Goon was released in 2015 on True Panther Sounds. He was included in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 20 Biggest Breakouts of 2015. He won the first ever Grammy Award for Songwriter of the Year at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards for his work on releases by Harry Styles, Adele, FKA Twigs, Orville Peck, King Princess, Diplo, and Omar Apollo.
Halfway House Estate
Halfway House Estate is a suburb of Midrand, South Africa. It is located in Region A of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

It is a suburb approximately 27 km north of Johannesburg and 18 km north-west of Kempton Park. It was laid out in 1890 and called thus because it was the stop halfway between Johannesburg and Pretoria for the Zeederberg coach service.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
2019 Conference USA baseball tournament
The 2019 Conference USA baseball tournament was held from May 22 through 26 at MGM Park in Biloxi, Mississippi.  The annual tournament determined the conference champion of the Division I Conference USA for college baseball.  The tournament champion, Southern Miss, received the league's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

The tournament was established in 1996, Conference USA's first season of play. Rice has won the most championships, with seven.  Defending champion Southern Miss has four titles, and UAB and FIU each have one.  No other current members have won the event, with the Conference seeing major changes in membership in recent years.

UAB Blazers baseball
For information on all University of Alabama at Birmingham sports, see UAB Blazers

The UAB Blazers baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The team is a member of American Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. UAB's first baseball team was fielded in 1979. The team plays its home games at Regions Field in Birmingham, Alabama. The Blazers are coached by Casey Dunn.
M. K. Brown
M. K. Brown is an American cartoonist and painter whose work has appeared in many publications, including National Lampoon (1972–1981), Mother Jones, Wimmen's Comix, The New Yorker, Playboy, among others. She has written several books, created animations for The Tracey Ullman Show, and was a contributing artist to the "comic jam" graphic novel The Narrative Corpse. She is also an accomplished painter with work in galleries and many private collections.

Lynda Barry, cartoonist of the comic strip Ernie Pook's Comeek, lists Brown one of her early influences.

Mother Jones (magazine)
Mother Jones (abbreviated MoJo) is a nonprofit American progressive magazine that focuses on news, commentary, and investigative journalism on topics including politics, environment, human rights, health, healthcare and culture. Clara Jeffery serves as editor-in-chief of the magazine. Monika Bauerlein has been the CEO since 2015. Mother Jones was published by the Foundation for National Progress, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, until 2024, when it merged with current publisher The Center for Investigative Reporting, the oldest investigative nonprofit news organization in the U.S.

The magazine is named after Mary Harris Jones, known as Mother Jones, an Irish-American trade union activist, socialist advocate, and ardent opponent of child labor.
R.C. Mechelen
Racing Club Mechelen, or Racing Club Malines, was a Belgian professional basketball club from the city of Mechelen, Belgium. It was the men's basketball section of K.R.C. Mechelen. For sponsorship reasons, the club was also known as Maes Pils from the 1970s until the 1990s.

Maes pils
Maes pils is a Belgian pils brewed by Alken-Maes.  The beer was first produced in 1930 for Antwerp's Universal Exposition and called Prima Maezenbier.  After Jupiler and Stella Artois, it is the third best-selling pilsner in Belgium.

In 2008, Alken-Maes was taken over by the Dutch Heineken Brewery.

In 2009, Alken-Maes changed the recipe of Maes Pils, resulting in a slight change in taste and a rise in the percentage of alcohol from 4.9% to 5.2%. To mark the change, Maes was rebranded with a new logo, a new embossed bottle, and a new descriptive slogan: "Extra Mout/Extra Malt".
Manoucher Yektai
Manoucher Yektai (Persian: منوچهر یکتایی; b. 22, 1921 – d. 19, 2019) was an Iranian-born American artist and poet. A member of the New York School of artists, Yektai's paintings synthesized diverse influences from the United States, France, and Iran into works that trouble distinctions between abstraction and representation.

New York School (art)
The New York School was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s and 1960s in New York City. They often drew inspiration from surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular action painting, abstract expressionism, jazz, improvisational theater, experimental music, and the interaction of friends in the New York City art world's vanguard circle.
La Valletta (Switzerland)
La Valletta was a forced labor institution for administrative internment that operated from 1932 to 1975 in the locality of Valletta, in the municipality of Coldrerio, Canton of Ticino, Switzerland. Known as the "house for intemperants" (casa per intemperanti), it was the main Ticinese institution for the confinement of men aged 18 and older subjected to administrative internment. The facility was integrated into the complex of the cantonal psychiatric hospital, later known as the cantonal neuropsychiatric hospital (Ospedale neuropsichiatrico cantonale, ONC) from 1943, in Mendrisio.

Mendrisio
Mendrisio (Italian: [menˈdriːzjo]; Lombard: Mendrís [menˈdriːs]) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Mendrisio is the seat of the Accademia di Architettura of the university of Italian-speaking Switzerland (USI).

The municipality was boosted in size on 4 April 2004 when it incorporated the former municipality of Salorino. On 5 April 2009 it incorporated the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Rancate and Tremona. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Besazio, Ligornetto and Meride merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

Mendrisio is served by Mendrisio railway station and Mendrisio San Martino railway station.
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the eight U.S. representatives from the state of Minnesota, one from each of its congressional districts. Primary elections were held in six districts on August 11. The elections coincided with the 2020 United States presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and other state and local elections.

Due to changing political alignments, the Republican Party flipped the 7th district, which was held by 15-term incumbent Democrat Collin Peterson. This marked the first time since the 1944 election that Republicans won every district in Minnesota outside the Twin Cities metropolitan area, after Democrats had done the same just four years prior. This subsequently erased the slim Democratic majority in the state congressional delegation and gave both political parties a tied 4–4 delegation.

Minnesota's congressional districts
Minnesota is currently divided into eight congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2020 census, the number of Minnesota's seats remained unchanged.

Minnesota statutes do not require candidates for the United States House of Representatives to reside in the district in which they run for office, but candidates must be inhabitants of the state at the time of the election.
ADM2
ADM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADM2 gene.

ADM2 belongs to a family of calcitonin (MIM 114130)-related peptide hormones important for regulating diverse physiologic functions and the chemical composition of fluids and tissues.[supplied by OMIM]

Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Its importance in humans has not been as well established as its importance in other animals, as its function is usually not significant in the regulation of normal calcium homeostasis. It belongs to the calcitonin-like protein family.

Historically calcitonin has also been called thyrocalcitonin.
Rupert Norfolk
Rupert Norfolk (UK) is an artist based in London. His work is mainly sculptural and investigates the perceptual and conceptual possibilities of concrete and depicted things. Norfolk uses a wide range of processes, such as drawing, Tapestry weaving, stone carving, airbrushing, casting and computer aided technologies.

Stone carving
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during our prehistory or past time.

Work carried out by paleolithic societies to create stone tools is more often referred to as knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often referred to as lettering. The process of removing stone from the earth is called mining or quarrying.

Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.
Gustav Sohon
Gustav Sohon (1825 – September 9, 1903) was an American artist, interpreter, and topographical assistant.

Born in 1825 in Tilsit, East Prussia, Gustav Sohon immigrated to the United States in 1842 at the age of 17. In the early 1850s, he enlisted in the U.S. Army. Upon his enlistment he was stationed in the West, and eventually found his way to Fort Steilacoom. One of his first assignments was with Lieutenant John Mullan, who was surveying the country between the Rocky and Bitterroot Mountains for the Pacific Railroad Surveys railroad survey led by Isaac Stevens.

Bitterroot Mountains
The Northern and Central Bitterroot Range, collectively the Bitterroot Mountains (Salish: čkʷlkʷqin), is the largest portion of the Bitterroot Range, part of the Rocky Mountains and Idaho Batholith, located in the panhandle of Idaho and westernmost Montana in the northwestern United States. The mountains encompass an area of 4,862 square miles (12,593 km2).

The mountains are bordered on the north by Lolo Creek, to the northeast by the Clark Fork, on the south by the Salmon River, on the east by the Bitterroot River and Valley, and on the west by the Selway and Lochsa Rivers.  Its highest summit is Trapper Peak, at 10,157 feet (3,096 m).