hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilbur Hot Springs
Wilbur Hot Springs, formerly known as Simmons Hot Springs, is a naturally occurring historic hot spring approximately 22 miles west of Williams, Colusa County, in northern California. It is about 2 hours by car northeast of the San Francisco Bay Area, near the junction of State Routes 16 and 20. It was developed as a spa in the 19th century, and since its acquisition in the 1970s by therapist Richard Louis Miller, has been operated as a spa resort and personal retreat. The adjacent valley was added to the property as a nature reserve protected by covenant.

Colusa County, California
Colusa County (/kəˈluːsə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,839. The county seat is Colusa. It is in the northern Sacramento Valley, northwest of the state capital, Sacramento.
Virginia Kellogg
Virginia Kellogg (December 3, 1907 – April 8, 1981) was an American film writer whose stories were adapted into the screenplays for White Heat (1949) and Caged (1950). Kellogg was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Story for White Heat (1949) at the 22nd Academy Awards held in 1950. She was nominated for Best Writing (Story and Screenplay) for Caged (1950) the following year.

22nd Academy Awards
The 22nd Academy Awards were held on March 23, 1950, at the RKO Pantages Theatre, honoring the films in 1949. This was the final year in which all five Best Picture nominees were in Black & White, and the first year in which every film nominated for Best Picture won multiple Oscars.

All the King's Men became the first of two films to date to win Best Picture and two acting Oscars, yet lose Best Director (the other being Shakespeare in Love (1998)). This year marked the only occasion to date of two films each receiving two acting nominations within the same category: both Pinky and Come to the Stable received two nominations for Best Supporting Actress (Ethel Barrymore and Ethel Waters, and Celeste Holm and Elsa Lanchester, respectively). A Chance to Live and So Much for So Little's joint win in the Best Documentary (Short Subject) category marked the second occurrence of a tie in Oscar history.
South Wales Aviation Museum
The South Wales Aviation Museum (SWAM) is an aviation museum in Bro Tathan North, St Athan, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales on part of the former MOD St Athan. It was set up to preserve the aviation history of South Wales, UK.

Vale of Glamorgan
The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders Bridgend County Borough to the west, Cardiff to the east, Rhondda Cynon Taf to the north, and the Bristol Channel to the south. With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals, it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales. Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park, the Barry Tourist Railway, Medieval wall paintings in St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, Porthkerry Park, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village. The largest town is Barry. Other towns include Penarth, Llantwit Major, and Cowbridge. There are many villages in the county borough.
Nazareth (surname)
Nazareth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annette Nazareth (born 1956), an American attorney

Daniel Nazareth (1948–2014), Indian composer and conductor

Ernesto Nazareth (1863–1934), Brazilian composer and pianist

H. O. Nazareth (born 1944), British film maker, journalist and barrister

Marco Antonio Nazareth (1986–2009), Mexican boxer

Oswald Bruno Nazareth (died 1998), Pakistani teacher

Peter Nazareth (born 1940), Ugandan writer

Annette Nazareth
Annette LaPorte Nazareth (born January 27, 1956) is an American attorney who served as a Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from August 4, 2005 to January 31, 2008. She is currently a partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell, where she works on regulatory matters and transactions in the firm's Washington, D.C. office. In 2021, she was appointed as Co-Chair of the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market and in 2024 as a Freeman of London.
Dominick Napolitano
Dominick Napolitano (June 16, 1930 – August 17, 1981), also known as Sonny Black, was an American Mafia caporegime in the Bonanno crime family. He is known for unwittingly allowing FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone to become an associate in his crew and nearly having him become an inducted member of the family and Cosa Nostra.

Caporegime
A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to capo or informally referred to as "captain", "skipper" or "lieutenant", is a leadership position in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia). A capo is a "made member" of an Italian crime family who heads a regime or "crew" of soldiers and has major status and influence in the organization. Caporegime is an Italian word, used to signify the head of a family in Sicily. In general, the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the don (boss) or an underboss or street boss. The shortened version "capo" has also been used to refer to certain high-ranking members of Latin American drug cartels.
Battle of Ostia (painting)
The Battle of Ostia (Battaglia di Ostia) is a painting by the workshop of the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. The painting was part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms that are now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. It is located in the room that was named after The Fire in the Borgo, the Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo and was inspired by the naval battle fought in 849 between the Arab and a Christian League of Papal, Neapolitan and Gaetan ships. In the painting Pope Leo IV, with the features of Pope Leo X, is giving thanks after the Arab ships were destroyed by a storm.

Duchy of Naples
The Duchy of Naples (Latin: Ducatus Neapolitanus, Neapolitan: Ducato di Napule) began as a Byzantine province in Southern Europe that was constituted in the seventh century, in the lands roughly corresponding to the current province of Naples that the Lombards had not conquered during their invasion of Italy in the sixth century.

It was governed by a military commander (dux), and rapidly became a de facto independent state, lasting more than five centuries during the Early and High Middle Ages. Naples remains a significant metropolitan city in present-day Italy.
2010 Rally Argentina
The 2010 Rally Argentina was the 30th running of Rally Argentina and the third round of the 2010 Intercontinental Rally Challenge season. The rally consisted of 15 special stages and took place over 19–21 March 2010. The rally was also a round of the South American Rally Championship and the Argentine Rally Championship.

Special stage (rallying)
A special stage (SS) is a section of closed road at a stage rallying event used for timed speed tests. Racers attempt to complete the stage in the shortest time. A race on a special stage is coordinated such that each competing racer begins after a set interval, to reduce the chance of impedance by other competitors. Each special stage is usually between 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and 30 kilometres (19 mi) in length. Some stages may be as long as 50 kilometres (31 miles) in length. A rally usually comprises approximately 15–30 special stages, over multiple days of an event. The driver with the lowest overall time for all special stages in an event is the winner.
Raj Kamal
Raj Kamal (15 January 1928 – 1 September 2005) was a well-known Indian composer. He composed classics such as the unforgettable Chashm-e-Buddoor, kahan se aaye badra, kaali ghodi dwaar khadi, Sawan Ko Aane Do, Chand Jaise Mukhde pe sung by K. J. Yesudas, Taqdeer se koi sung by Anandkumar C, and several other well-known songs. He also composed the music of B.R. Chopra's classic television show Mahabharat.

B. R. Chopra
Baldev Raj Chopra (22 April 1914 – 5 November 2008) was a prolific Indian director and producer noted for pioneering the Hindi film industry and television series. He's known for directing notable films, such as Afsana, Ek Hi Raasta, Naya Daur, Sadhna, Kanoon, Gumrah, Hamraaz, Dhund, Pati Patni Aur Woh, Insaf Ka Tarazu and Nikaah. He also produced hit films, including Dhool Ka Phool, Waqt, Ittefaq, Aadmi Aur Insaan, Chhoti Si Baat, The Burning Train, Aaj Ki Awaaz, Baghban and the TV series, Mahabharat. He was awarded Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema, for the year 1998, and Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2001.

His younger brother Yash Chopra, son Ravi Chopra and nephew Aditya Chopra are also directors in the Bollywood industry. His nephew Uday Chopra is an actor and producer.
The Mower's Song
"The Mower's Song" is a pastoral poem by English poet Andrew Marvell, published posthumously in 1681. The work is the last of a series of four poems by Marvell known as the Mower poems. Though the mower in this poem is not named, scholars have stated that all the Mower poems are in the voice of Damon the Mower.

Andrew Marvell
Andrew Marvell (/ˈmɑːrvəl, mɑːrˈvɛl/; 31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678) was an English poet, satirist and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period he was a colleague and friend of John Milton. A metaphysical poet, his poems range from the love-song "To His Coy Mistress", to evocations  of an aristocratic country house and garden in "Upon Appleton House" and "The Garden", the political address "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland", and the later personal and political satires "Flecknoe" and "The Character of Holland".
Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
The Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences is a healthcare organization headquartered in Thiruvananthapuram with multi-specialty hospitals and health care centres in South India and the Middle East. The KIMS Global started off as KIMS Hospital, a multi-specialty hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala. The hospital was launched in 2002 and expanded as the KIMS Global, which went through an expansion in 2013 and obtained centres in other parts of the state: Kollam, Kottayam, Perinthalmanna, and Kochi and well as in the Middle East, in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Dubai.

Perinthalmanna
Perinthalmanna is a town and municipality in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It serves as the administrative centre for the Perinthalmanna taluk, as well as a revenue division, a community development block, and a police sub-division bearing the same name. It was formerly the headquarters of the Kingdom of Valluvanad. The town is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) southwest of Malappuram at the centre of the Kozhikode–Palakkad National Highway 966.
Aishwarya Nigam
Aishwarya Nigam (born 4 July 1989) is an Indian singer. He is best known as a playback singer in Hindi films, particularly for films like Dabangg. He has received several awards for the song "Munni Badnaam Hui" from Dabangg.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
Zaoksky (urban-type settlement)
Zaoksky (Russian: Зао́кский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Zaoksky District of Tula Oblast, Russia. Population:  7,117 (2010 Census); 6,668 (2002 Census); 6,516 (1989 Soviet census).

Zaoksky Adventist University is located here.

Polenovo, the Museum Estate of famous painter Vasily Polenov, is located near Zaoksky.

Polenovo
Polenovo is the Museum Estate of Vasily Polenov. It is situated at the high right bank of the Oka river in Zaoksky District of the Tula Region, Russia. The estate (called Borok at that time) was acquired by Polenov in 1891. The white three-storied house was designed by Polenov himself. It was built in 1892.

After the death of Polenov in 1927 his relatives transferred all his collections and property to the state. The House Museum was established in 1939. It was renamed into Museum Estate of V.D. Polenov in 1950s. In 1983 the Estate was turned into State Memorial History, Art and Natural Museum Reserve.

Vasily Polenov's great-granddaughter Natalia Polenova has been director of the museum since 2011.
Zideh, Tajikistan
Zideh (Russian: Зидди; Tajik: Зидеҳ, also: Ziddi) is a jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Varzob District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 7,219 (2015). It consists of 7 villages: Kalon (the seat), Hazora, Kukteppa, Namozgoh, Nasrud, Obi Khirf, Panjkhok.

Varzob District
Varzob District (Russian: Варзобский район; Tajik: Ноҳияи Варзоб, romanized: Nohiyayi Varzob) is a district in Tajikistan, lying north of Dushanbe. It is one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. It borders on the city of Hisor from the west, Rudaki District from the south, and the city of Vahdat from the east. The Gissar Range runs along its northern edge. The river Varzob traverses the entire district north to south. The district capital is the village Varzob. The population of the district is 82,200 (January 2020 estimate).

Beside the river, grows a native species of Iris vicaria, and Iris hoogiana.
Inga Breder
Inga Christine Breder (1855 – 28 December 1933) was a Norwegian photographer who made landscapes, urban motifs, portraits, interiors, and still lifes. A member of the Oslo Kamera Klubb, she was the daughter of Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder. Her work is held in the collection of the Preus Museum. Breder was born in Bodø.

Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder
Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder (10 April 1816–15 January 1890) was a Norwegian civil servant, lawyer, and politician.  He was born in Halden, Norway in 1816 and died in Drammen in 1890.

From 1854 to 1858 he was County Governor of Nordlands amt.  He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1857, representing Nordland county from 1857 to 1858.   In 1858, he was named the County Governor of Buskeruds amt, a position that he held until 1882.  After that he became a customs official based out of Drammen.
Rutecarpine
Rutecarpine or rutaecarpine is a COX-2 inhibitor isolated from Tetradium ruticarpum, a tree native to China. It is classified as a non-basic alkaloid.

In contrast to synthetic COX-2 inhibitors like etoricoxib and celecoxib, rutecarpine does not appear to cause negative effects on the cardiovascular system.

CYP1A2
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the human body. In humans, the CYP1A2 enzyme is encoded by the CYP1A2 gene.
Gymnastics at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around
Junior women's artistic individual all-around competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 19 at the Bishan Sports Hall.

For each competitor in the women's qualification, the scores in artistic gymnastics is based on two separate scores that are then combined in order to come to the final score. The A score measures the difficulty of each element (and combinations of elements) within the routine, while the B score evaluates the performance, i.e. the "execution, composition and artistry" of the routine. For further information, please see the Code of Points article. For all four apparatus were summed to give an all-around qualification score. The top 18 competitors moved on to the individual all-around final. In the individual all-around final, each gymnast competed on each apparatus again. Only scores from the final were used to determine final rankings.

Code of Points (gymnastics)
The Code of Points is a rulebook that defines the scoring system for each level of competition in gymnastics. There is not a universal international Code of Points, and every oversight organization — such as the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), NCAA Gymnastics, and most national gymnastics federations — designs and employs its own different Code of Points.
Canton of Le Cateau-Cambrésis
The canton of Le Cateau-Cambrésis is an administrative division of the Nord department, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Le Cateau-Cambrésis.

It consists of the following communes:

Le Cateau-Cambrésis
Le Cateau-Cambrésis (French pronunciation: [lə kato kɑ̃bʁezi] ⓘ, before 1977: Le Cateau) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. The term Cambrésis indicates that it lies in the county of that name which fell to the Prince-Bishop of Cambrai. Le Cateau station has rail connections to Paris, Maubeuge and Saint-Quentin.
Alright (Supergrass song)
"Alright" is a song by British alternative rock band Supergrass. It was released with "Time" as a double A-side single from their debut album, I Should Coco (1995), on 3 July 1995 by Parlophone. It was concurrently released on the soundtrack of the 1995 movie Clueless, which helped it become a big hit for the band. "Alright" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, number six in Iceland, number eight in Ireland, number 21 in Finland and number 30 in France. The music video for the song was directed by Dom and Nic and filmed at Portmeirion in North Wales.

Gaz Coombes
Gareth Michael "Gaz" Coombes (born 8 March 1976) is an English musician, best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the alternative rock band Supergrass. He first entered the music scene aged 14 as the lead singer of the band The Jennifers which featured Supergrass bandmate Danny Goffey.
Marc Sallefranque
Marc Sallefranque (born Dax, 6 April 1960) is a former French rugby union player. He played as a fullback and fly-half.

He played most of his career at US Dax, from 1968/69 to 1988/89. He joined the first team in 1978/79. He won the Challenge Yves du Manoir in 1982. He played for Montpellier Hérault in 1989/90, moving to Bègles-Bordeaux the following season. He represented this team from 1990/91 to 1992/93. He won the National Championship in 1990/91.

He had 4 caps for France, from 1981 to 1982, scoring 2 conversions, 4 penalties and 1 drop goal, 19 points on aggregate. He played 3 games at the 1982 Five Nations Championship, his only presence at the tournament, where he still scored 2 conversions and 4 penalties, 16 points on aggregate.

Dax, Landes
Dax (French pronunciation: [daks]; Occitan: Dacs; Basque: Akize) is a commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France, sub-prefecture of the Landes department.

It is known as a spa destination, specialising in mud treatment for rheumatism and similar ailments. Dax is also known for its bullfighting culture, especially during the August ferias, one of the most crowded festival events in France with 800,000 people attending over five days. It is also a market town, former bishopric and busy local centre, especially for the Chalosse area.
Portillo, Chile
Portillo is a ski resort in the Andes mountains of Chile. Located in the Valparaíso Region, it is 61 km (38 mi) from Los Andes, the nearest city, and 160 km (100 mi) by vehicle from Santiago. Its hotel sits at an elevation of 2,880 m (9,450 ft) above sea level.

Ski Portillo has 35 named runs and 14 lifts.  The lowest lift loads at 2,548 m (8,360 ft), and the highest reaches 3,310 m (10,860 ft), yielding a vertical drop of 762 m (2,500 ft).

The summit of the mountain (Ojos de Agua) climbs to 4,222 m (13,852 ft). Nearby peaks include Los Tres Hermanos at 4,751 m (15,587 ft) and La Paraya at 4,831 m (15,850 ft). Aconcagua, the highest mountain in both the Western Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, is nearby at 6,961 m (22,838 ft), which exceeds any peak outside the Himalayas, Karakoram, Pamir and Tien Shan of Asia.

Los Andes, Chile
Los Andes, founded on July 31, 1791 as Santa Rosa de Los Andes, is a Chilean city and commune located in the province of the same name, in Valparaíso Region ("Fifth Region" of Chile). It lies on the route between Santiago and Chile's primary border crossing with Argentina by way of the summit of the Uspallata Pass in the Andes mountain range.
Cristina Sandu
Cristina Sandu (born 4 March 1990) is a Romanian athlete who competes in the long jump and the triple jump. She won the silver medal at the 2009 European Junior Championships. In addition, she represented her country at two outdoor and two indoor European Championships.

2009 European Athletics Junior Championships
The 20th European Athletics Junior Championships were held between 23 and 26 July 2009 in the Stadion Karađorđe in Novi Sad, Serbia.

Germany topped the medal table with 25 medals overall, including 10 golds, ahead of Russia and Ukraine.
Hugh Calveley
Sir Hugh Calveley (died 23 April 1394) was an English knight and commander, who took part in the Hundred Years' War, gaining fame during the War of the Breton Succession and the Castilian Civil War. He held various military posts in Brittany and Normandy. He should not be confused with his nephew, also Sir Hugh Calveley, who died in June 1393 and was Member of Parliament for Rutland.

Castilian Civil War of 1351–1369
The First Castilian Civil War was a war of succession over the Crown of Castile that lasted from 1351 to 1369. The conflict started after the death of king Alfonso XI of Castile in March 1350. It became part of the larger conflict then raging between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France: the Hundred Years' War. It was fought primarily in Castile and its coastal waters between the local and allied forces of the reigning king, Peter, and his illegitimate brother Henry of Trastámara over the right to the crown.
Remarks on Nominalization
"Remarks on Nominalization" is a seminal linguistic paper on English nominalization by Noam Chomsky published in 1970. X-bar theory was first proposed in this paper.  In 2020, a retrospective volume edited by Artemis Alexiadou and Hagit Borer was published by Oxford University Press, with papers focusing on the effects of Remarks on theoretical morphology, argument structure, the typology of derived nominals, and morphological complexity. The volume includes a paper by Chomsky on the background and motivation of Remarks.

Hagit Borer
Hagit Borer (born 1952) FBA is a professor of linguistics at Queen Mary University of London. Her research falls within the area of Generative Grammar.

Borer also is an activist for the rights of Palestinians in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)
The Symphony No. 6 in A minor by Gustav Mahler is a symphony in four movements, composed in 1903 and 1904, with revisions from 1906. It is sometimes nicknamed the Tragic ("Tragische"), though the origin of the name is unclear.

Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra
The Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra (大阪フィルハーモニー交響楽団, Ōsaka Firuhāmonī Kōkyō Gakudan) is a Japanese symphony orchestra based in Osaka, Japan.  Founded in 1947 as the Kansai Symphony Orchestra, the orchestra took the name of the Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra in 1960, and in 2014, formally assumed the official name of the Osaka Philharmonic Association.  Its primary concert venue is the Osaka Festival Hall.

Takashi Asahina was the orchestra's founder and served as its music director and principal conductor until 2001. Eiji Oue became the orchestra's second music director, and served from 2003 to 2014. He now has the title of conductor laureate with the orchestra. Since April 2018, Tadaaki Otaka is the orchestra's music director.