hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penstemon neotericus
Penstemon neotericus is a species of penstemon known by the common name Plumas County beardtongue. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the northern Sierra Nevada and adjacent southern peaks of the Cascade Range. It grows in forest, scrub, and other mountain habitat. It is a perennial herb growing erect to about 80 centimeters tall, becoming woody toward the base. The paired leaves are lance-shaped and nearly 9 centimeters in maximum length. The glandular inflorescence bears blue-purple or pinkish flowers up to 4 centimeters long. The flowers have white, mostly hairless mouths and hairless staminodes.

Staminode
In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.  Staminodes are frequently inconspicuous and stamen-like, usually occurring at the inner whorl of the flower, but are also sometimes long enough to protrude from the corolla.

Sometimes, the staminodes are modified to produce nectar, as in the witch-hazel (Hamamelis).

Staminodes can be a critical characteristic for differentiating between species, for  instance in the orchid genus Paphiopedilum, and among the penstemons.

In the case of cannas, the petals are inconsequential and the staminodes are refined into eye-catching petal-like replacements.

A spectacular example of staminode is given by Couroupita guianensis, a tropical tree growing in South America also known as the cannonball tree.
Johann Adam Bergk
Johann Adam Bergk (1769 – 1834, Leipzig) was a German philosopher and publicist.

Bergk was professor of philosophy and jurisprudence at the University of Leipzig. A Kantian, he defended the French revolution in his Untersuchungen aus dem Natur-, Staats- und Völkerrechte (1796) and translated Beccaria into German.

During the Napoleonic occupation of Saxony he frequently came into conflict with the French censorship, e.g. his journal  "Der europäische Aufseher" (i.e. The European Guard) was banned.

He was the father of the philologist Theodor Bergk.

Cesare Beccaria
Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare bekkaˈriːa, ˈtʃɛː-]; 15 March 1738 – 28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.

According to John Bessler, Beccaria's works had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States.
National Indigenous Music Awards 2020
The National Indigenous Music Awards 2020 were the 17th annual National Indigenous Music Awards.

The nominations were announced on 13 July 2020 and the awards ceremony was held on 8 August 2020 and broadcast on the National Indigenous Television and simulcast across the country on Facebook, Double J, NIRS, Twitter and YouTube.

Double J (radio station)
Double J is an Australian digital radio station owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. A sister station of the youth-oriented Triple J, it was founded in 2002 as Dig Music and aims to appeal to an older audience with a more refined music catalogue, as well as archive content from Triple J's library. It is available to stream online or via the DAB+ network in Australia.
Taifa of Menorca
The Taifa of Menorca (Arabic: طائفة منورقة) was a medieval Islamic taifa kingdom vassal to the Crown of Aragon, which existed from 1228 until 1287, when the latter conquered it. It was ruled by the Arabs of the Banu Khazraj tribe.

Banu Khazraj
The Banu Khazraj (Arabic: بنو خزرج) is a large Arab tribe based in Medina. They were also in Medina during Muhammad's era.

The Banu Khazraj are a South Arabian Qahtanite tribe that were pressured out of South Arabia as a result of the destruction of the Marib Dam. Along with their cousin tribe, the Aws, they migrated to Yathrib, later known as Medina.
Bottorff–McCulloch Farm
The Bottorff–McCulloch Farm is a historic home and farm located in Charlestown Township, Clark County, Indiana.  The farmhouse was built about 1835, and is a two-story, Greek Revival style brick dwelling.  It has a gable roof and sits on a coursed stone foundation. It features a one-story portico. Also on the property are the contributing summer kitchen, two English barns, a three-portal barn, two silos, and a milk house.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Silo
A silo (from Ancient Greek  σιρός (sirós) 'pit for holding grain') is a structure for storing bulk materials.

Silos are commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips, food products and sawdust. Three types of silos are in widespread use today: tower silos, bunker silos, and bag silos.

Silos are used in agriculture to store fermented feed known as silage.
The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars
The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars is a 1998 American animated direct-to-video musical film based on the 1988 novella of the same name by Thomas M. Disch. It is the sequel to The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue (1997), as well as the third and final installment in The Brave Little Toaster film series. The film was released direct-to-video on May 19, 1998, in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video. In the film, the five appliances of their Master head off on a trip to the red planet Mars after finding out that his infant son was sent there.

It featured the last screen performances of actors DeForest Kelley, Paddi Edwards, Thurl Ravenscroft, and Carol Channing, who died in 1999 (both Kelley and Edwards), 2005 (Ravenscroft), and 2019 (Channing), respectively.

Viking 1
Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft, along with Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars lander in history. Viking 1 operated on Mars for 2,307 days (over 61⁄4 years) or 2245 Martian solar days, the longest extraterrestrial surface mission until the record was broken by the Opportunity rover on May 19, 2010.
Jozsef Csicsvari
Jozsef Csicsvari is a Hungarian neuroscientist and Professor of Neuroscience at the Institute of Science and Technology in Austria. Csicsvari studies systems neuroscience and learning, particularly that of the hippocampus. Csicsvari uses electrophysiology to study place cells in the rat hippocampus. In 2010, the ad hominem title of Professor of Neuroscience was conferred upon him by Oxford University to recognise Csicsvari's "brilliant career".

In 2019 Csicsvari was elected to the Academia Europaea.

Academia Europaea
The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of humanities, letters, law, and sciences.
The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.
Kids in Love (song)
"Kids in Love" is a song by Norwegian DJ and record producer Kygo, featuring American rock band the Night Game and uncredited vocals from Maja Francis. It was composed and produced by Kygo, with additional composition from Pete Townshend, Martin Johnson, Linda Karlsson and Sonny Gustafsson, and lyrics written by the latter three as well as Kyle Puccia. The song was released via Sony Music and Ultra Music on 20 October 2017, as the lead single from Kygo's second studio album of the same name.

Martin Johnson (musician)
Martin Bennett Johnson (born September 9, 1985) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the bands Boys Like Girls and the Night Game.

He has written and produced for various artists, including Avril Lavigne, Daughtry, Jason Derulo, Christina Perri, Gavin Degraw, and Hot Chelle Rae. Johnson is credited with having several RIAA-certified multi-platinum songs ("The Other Side", "Here's to Never Growing Up", "Two Is Better Than One" (with Taylor Swift), "Love Drunk", "The Great Escape," "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home"). Songs he has written have sold over 10 million copies and he has had nine top 40 charting singles.
Arjun Maini
Arjun Maini (born 10 December 1997) is an Indian professional racing driver, currently competing in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, and in the GT World Challenge Europe for Haupt Racing Team. He is currently a Ford Factory driver. He was the winner of Force India's 'One in a Billion' driver hunt in 2011.

Haupt Racing Team
The Haupt Racing Team (short: HRT) is a German auto racing team founded in 2020 by Hubert Haupt. It currently functions as the official Ford Performance Team in Europe. HRT competes in DTM, ADAC GT Masters, GT World Challenge Europe and NLS. Over the last couple of years, HRT has accumulated lots of success including a DTM Driver's Championship, an ADAC GT Masters title and titles in the GTWC Europe.
Erol Dora
Erol Dora (born 2 February 1964, in Hassana near Silopi) is a lawyer and a politician of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). A member of the Assyrian people community in Turkey, he is a well-known advocate for minority rights, Assyrian particularly the human rights situation of Turkey's Christian minorities.

In the 2011 general election Dora became the first ethnic Assyrian member of the Turkish Parliament, and the first Christian MP since 1960. Since 2014 a member of the HDP, he was re-elected in the consecutive June and November 2015 elections.

Camp Armen
Camp Armen or also known as Tuzla Armenian Orphanage (Armenian: Արմէն ճամբար, Turkish: Kamp Armen, Tuzla Ermeni Yetimhanesi) is an Armenian orphanage in Tuzla, owned by the Gedikpaşa Surp Hovhannes Church.
Shay Schual-Berke
Shay Schual-Berke (born January 14, 1952) is a former American politician who served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009.  She represented Washington's 33rd legislative district as a Democrat.  Before election to the legislature, she served from 1995 to 1999 as a member of the Highline School Board.

Her community service has included work for Northwest Harvest, Mount Rainier High School Foundation, among others.  In the legislature, she served on multiple committees, with leadership roles including vice-chair of the health care committee (1999 and 2001) and chair of the financial institutions and insurance committee (2003).

Highline Public Schools
Highline Public Schools (HPS) is a public school district in King County, headquartered in Burien, Washington. As of October 2007, it served 17,331 students and had 997 teachers, and served the cities of Burien, much of Des Moines, Normandy Park, and SeaTac as well as adjacent unincorporated census-designated places proximal to Burien in King County such as White Center and much of Boulevard Park. Portions of Kent and Tukwila and a very small portion of Seattle are in the district limits.
Neogale
Neogale (colloquially referred to as the New World weasels) is a genus of carnivorous, highly active small mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family (which also contains badgers, weasels, martens, otters, and wolverines, among others). Native to the Americas, members of the genus can be found as far north as Alaska and as far south as Argentina and Bolivia. Across this distribution, they thrive in a range of habitats, from the deep-freezes of the Alaskan and Canadian boreal forests to the arid desert southwest, and from the humid tropics of Central and South America (including the Amazon basin) to the windswept foothills of the Andes and northern Patagonia.

Wolverine
The wolverine (/ˈwʊlvəriːn/ WUUL-və-reen, US also /ˌwʊlvəˈriːn/ WUUL-və-REEN; Gulo gulo), also called the carcajou or quickhatch (from East Cree, kwiihkwahaacheew), is the largest land-dwelling member of the family Mustelidae. It is a muscular carnivore and a solitary animal. The wolverine has a reputation for ferocity and strength out of proportion to its size, with the documented ability to kill prey many times larger than itself.

The wolverine is found primarily in remote reaches of the northern boreal forests and subarctic and alpine tundra of the Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest numbers in Northern Canada, the U.S. state of Alaska, the mainland Nordic countries of Europe, and throughout western Russia and Siberia. Its population has steadily declined since the 19th century owing to trapping, range reduction and habitat fragmentation. The wolverine has become essentially absent from the southern end of its range in both Europe and North America.
Fender Nashville B-Bender Telecaster
The Fender Nashville B-Bender Telecaster is an American Standard series electric guitar made by Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. This guitar is a Fender Telecaster with the addition of a factory-installed B-string bender device.  The device raises the pitch of the second (B) string by one whole step (two frets) to C-sharp.  The bend is activated by a one-inch downward pull on the guitar neck, allowing the player to emulate pedal steel sounds and play complex country bends.  The Nashville B-Bender Telecaster was introduced in 1996 with major design changes in 1998 and 2000.

Fender (company)
33°38′46″N 111°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿33.6460322°N 111.899058°W﻿ / 33.6460322; -111.899058

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. Fender also develops digital audio workstation and scorewriter via its subsidiary PreSonus which was acquired in 2021. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015; He has now since retired and Edward 'Bud' Cole took Chief Executive Officer in February of 2026.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.
Diaconisia
Diaconisia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by George Hampson in 1914. Its only species, Diaconisia ochraceorufa, was first described by Walter Rothschild in 1913. It is found in Western New Guinea.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
1942 Birthday Honours
The King's Birthday Honours 1942 were appointments by King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by members of the British Empire. They were published on 5 June 1942 for the United Kingdom and Canada.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

Honours are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;

Decorations tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;

Medals are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Appointments to the various orders and awards of other honours are usually published in The London Gazette.
Gmina Radecznica
Gmina Radecznica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Radecznica, which lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) west of Zamość and 59 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 109.8 square kilometres (42.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 6,450 (6,005 in 2013).

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Jarošov (Svitavy District)
Jarošov is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Jarošov lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Svitavy, 37 km (23 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 129 km (80 mi) east of Prague.

Pardubice
Pardubice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpardubɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Pardubitz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Pardubice is known as a centre of industry, with dominant industries being the chemical industry, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The city is also well known for its sporting events, which include the Velká pardubická (a cross-country steeplechase), the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open international chess and board games festival.
Baccharis neglecta
Baccharis neglecta (also known as false willow, jara dulce, poverty weed, New Deal weed, and Roosevelt weed) is a species of perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)  and the south-western and south-central United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas).

Baccharis neglecta is a shrub occasionally reaching a height of 450 cm (14.8 ft). The narrow, evergreen leaves are up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) long. Male and female flowers grow separate plants. Females are distinctive in that the flowers consist of small silky, greenish white heads. The plants are arranged in large clusters up to 1 foot (0.30 m) or more long and 20 cm (7.9 in) wide. Silky plumes start blooming in October and November.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
Mill Road, Cambridge
Mill Road is a two-lane road in southeast Cambridge, England. It runs southeast from near to Parker's Piece, at the junction with Gonville Place, East Road, and Parkside. It crosses the main railway line and links to the city's ring road (the A1134). It passes through the wards of Petersfield and Romsey, which are divided by the railway line. It is a busy road containing many independent businesses, churches, hospital and Cambridge Central Mosque.

Near the northwestern end to the south in Mortimer Road off Mill Road is Hughes Hall. Behind Hughes Hall is Fenner's, the cricket ground of the University of Cambridge, which has hosted first-class cricket since 1848. To the north is Anglia Ruskin University, formerly Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology (CCAT).

Ring road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them.
Shadows and Light (Joni Mitchell album)
Shadows and Light is the second live album by Canadian musician Joni Mitchell. It was released in September 1980 through Asylum Records, her last release for the label. It was recorded on September 9, 1979 at the Santa Barbara Bowl in Santa Barbara, California.

For the album, Mitchell was backed by a band of acclaimed jazz and fusion musicians consisting of guitarist Pat Metheny, bassist Jaco Pastorius, drummer Don Alias, keyboardist Lyle Mays, and saxophonist Michael Brecker. The vocal group the Persuasions appear on the title track and a cover of Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers' "Why Do Fools Fall in Love".

The Teenagers
The Teenagers were an American doo-wop music group, most noted for being one of rock music's earliest successes, presented to international audiences by DJ Alan Freed. The group, which made its most popular recordings with young 13-year-old Frankie Lymon as lead singer, is also noted for being rock's first all-teenaged act. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993.

Frankie Lymon was the first teenage black pop star and led young black R&B artists (such as Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder) to hit the charts. In 1956, they released “Why Do Fools Fall In Love,” topping at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Mbo, Nigeria
Mbo is located in the South Eastern part of Nigeria and is a Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State. Following the local government creation exercise of the federal government in 1989 Mbo Local Government Area was carved out of Oron Division same year.

Efik language
Efik /ˈɛfɪk/ EF-ik (Usem Efịk) is the indigenous language of the Efik people, who are situated in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria, as well as in the north-west of Cameroon. The Efik language is mutually intelligible with other lower Cross River languages such as Ibibio, Anaang, Oro and Ekid but the degree of intelligibility in the case of Oro and Ekid is unidirectional; in other words, speakers of these languages speak and understand Efik (and Ibibio) but not vice versa. The Efik vocabulary has been enriched and influenced by external contact with the British, Portuguese and other surrounding communities such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua).