hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Housing Bank
National Housing Bank (NHB), is a regulatory body for overall regulation and licensing of housing finance companies in India. It is under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It was set up on 9 July 1988 under the National Housing Bank Act, 1987. NHB states it has been established with an objective to operate as a principal agency to promote housing finance institutions both at local and regional levels and to provide financial and other support incidental to such institutions and for matters connected therewith. The Finance Act, 2019 has amended the National Housing Bank Act, 1987. The amendment confers the powers of regulation of Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) to the Reserve Bank of India.

NHB registers and supervises Housing Finance Companies (HFCs), keeps surveillance through On-site & Off-site Mechanisms and co-ordinates with regulators.

Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous jurisdiction over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity. Examples of responsibilities include strengthening safety and standards, and/or to protect consumers in markets where there is a lack of effective competition. Examples of regulatory agencies that enforce standards include the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the United Kingdom; and, in the case of economic regulation, the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India.
Bay Ronald
Bay Ronald (foaled 3 May 1893) was a Thoroughbred racehorse that had a huge impact on the breeding of sport horses, mainly through his son Dark Ronald and grandson Teddy, and also carried on his lines in the Thoroughbred racing world, through his son Bayardo. He appears in the pedigrees of many dressage, show jumping, and eventing horses today.

Ascot Gold Cup
51°24′43.8″N 0°40′45.3″W﻿ / ﻿51.412167°N 0.679250°W﻿ / 51.412167; -0.679250

The Gold Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 2 miles 3 furlongs and 210 yards (4,014 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

It is Britain's most prestigious event for "stayers" – horses which specialise in racing over long distances. It is traditionally held on the third day of the Royal Ascot meeting, which is known colloquially (but not officially) as Ladies' Day. Contrary to popular belief, the actual title of the race does not include the word "Ascot".
Behzad Vahdani
Behzad Vahdani was born on 29 May 1988 in Kolab Village, Bojnord, North Khorasan Province, Iran. He is the champion of the Kurash in the world. He is an Iranian judoka and former member of the Kurash national team of Iran. He won a gold medal in Kurash field on 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games. In October 2019, Arash Miresmaeili (President of the Iranian Judo Federation) was selected Behzad Vahdani as the coach of the national adolescents Judo team.

World Martial Arts Masterships
The World Martial Arts Masterships is an international martial arts competition that has been held in the North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. A total of 2 masterships have been held, with the 2016 iteration being held in Cheongju, and the 2019 competition being held in Chungju.
ko:세계무예마스터십
Stephen Thomas (naval officer)
Lieutenant-Commander Stephen Harrison-Thomas DSC, (born 1961), born Stephen Thomas, is a retired British Royal Navy officer who flew the British Aerospace Sea Harrier, with 801 Naval Air Squadron (801 NAS) during the Falklands War.

Pen and Sword Books
Pen and Sword Books, also stylised as Pen & Sword, is a British publisher which specialises in printing and distributing books in both hardback and softback on military history, militaria and other niche subjects, primarily focused on the United Kingdom. Pen and Sword has over 6,000 titles available in print, and also available as ebook download.  Releasing 500 new titles each year on a variety of subjects, it is part of the Barnsley Chronicle newspaper group.
Martin Bodenham
Martin John Dale Bodenham (born 23 April 1950) is a former English football referee and cricket umpire who retired from the first-class cricket list in 2016. He was born in Brighton, but lived for a significant part of his life in Looe, Cornwall. He now resides in Ferring, in Sussex.

In 2008, Bodenham was named as a first class umpire by the England and Wales Cricket Board, for that year’s County cricket season. Officials said that, "he will make history as the first man to have officiated at top-flight football and umpire at first-class cricket in England and Wales." As a referee, his career highlights have included "the 1997 League Cup Final, and the replay match between Leicester City and Middlesbrough."

County cricket
Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales.

Two county championship competitions have existed since the late 19th century at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves 18 clubs, of which 17 are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, with 19 English clubs and one club representing several Welsh counties.

County clubs have also played limited-overs competitions since the 1960s. The first edition of the Gillette Cup in 1963 was the world's first List A cricket tournament. The Sunday League existed from 1969 to 2009, mostly as a 40-overs-per-side league. The 2003 Twenty20 Cup was the world's first Twenty20 tournament. Currently, the main limited-overs county competitions are the One-Day Cup, Women's One-Day Cup, T20 Blast and Women's T20 Blast.
ShAK-12
The ShAK-12, (Russian: ШАК-12) originally under the name ASh-12.7 (Russian: АШ-12.7, Автомат штурмовой 12.7мм, lit. "automatic assault carbine 12.7mm") is a dedicated CQB/Urban Operations weapon, developed by TsKIB SOO ("Central Design and Research Bureau of Sporting and Hunting Arms"), a subsidiary of the KBP Instrument Design Bureau of Tula, Russia, by request from the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB). The weapon was designed with extreme short-range stopping power in mind for FSB urban combat units. According to the Russian press, the first batch of ShAK-12 rifles were delivered to the FSB in late 2011.

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
Agvan Dorzhiev
Agvan Lobsan Dorzhiev (1853 – 29 January 1938) was a Russian-born monk of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism in Buryatia, sometimes referred by his scholarly title as Tsenyi Khempo. He was popularly known as the Sokpo Tsеnshab Ngawang Lobsang (literally Mongolian Tsenshab Ngavang Lobsang) to the Tibetans.

He was a Khori Buryat-Mongol born in the village of Khara-Shibir, not far from Ulan-Ude, east of Lake Baikal.

He was a study partner and close associate of the 13th Dalai Lama, a minister of his government, and his diplomatic link with the Russian Empire. Among Tibetans he earned a legendary status, while raising the British Empire's significant anxiety of Russian presence in Tibet at the final stage of the Great Game. He is also remembered for building the Buddhist temple of Saint Petersburg in 1909 and signing the Tibet-Mongolia Treaty in 1913.

Rom Landau
Romuald Landau (1899–1974) was born in Poland but became a British citizen when he served as a volunteer in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He was a sculptor, author, educator, Foreign Service officer and specialist on Arab and Islamic culture. His particular area of interest was Morocco. He was also an art critic and book reviewer for several newspapers and periodicals, including The Spectator. He is buried in the Christian cemetery of Marrakesh, Morocco.
Vishwakalawa Grama Niladhari Division
Vishwakalawa Grama Niladhari Division is a  Grama Niladhari Division of the  Kesbewa Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 574B.

Piliyandala Clock Tower  are located within, nearby or associated with Vishwakalawa.

Vishwakalawa is a surrounded by the  Mampe East, Mampe North and Mampe West  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Piliyandala Clock Tower
The Piliyandala Clock Tower is located in the Piliyandala, Sri Lanka. The clock tower is a popular landmark of the Piliyandala. According to local residents and documentation, this clock tower is one of the tallest on the island rising to a height of 23.8 m (78 ft) with a 4.9 m (16 ft) girth. Having existed for over sixty years, the clock tower is considered to be of considerable archaeological value; thus, the tower provides the Piliyandala town with historical significance.
Jesse Price (musician)
Jesse Price (May 1, 1909, Memphis, Tennessee – April 19, 1974, Los Angeles) was an American jazz drummer.

Price began on drums at age 14, and played locally with blues singers, including Ida Cox, and in the Palace Theater pit orchestra, early in his career. He moved to Kansas City in 1934, where he played with George E. Lee, Thamon Hayes, Count Basie (1936), and Harlan Leonard (1939–41). He then moved to Los Angeles, where he worked with Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong (1943), Stan Kenton (1944), Basie again (1944), Benny Carter, and Slim Gaillard (1949). He recorded with Jay McShann when back in Kansas City again in the 1950s. He led a band at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1971, which included Harry Edison, Jimmy Forrest and Big Joe Turner.

Price recorded 23 tracks as a leader between 1946 and 1948, most of them for Capitol Records. All are published on a Blue Moon CD: The Singing Drummer Man; Jesse Price. The Complete Recordings 1946–1957 (BMCD 6019).

Monterey Jazz Festival
The Monterey Jazz Festival is an annual music festival that takes place in Monterey, California, United States. It debuted on October 3, 1958, championed by Dave Brubeck and co-founded by jazz and popular music critic Ralph J. Gleason and  jazz disc jockey Jimmy Lyons.
Rutersville College
Rutersville College (occasionally misspelled Ruterville College), was a college located in the unincorporated community of Rutersville in Fayette County, Texas, United States. Chartered under the Republic of Texas in 1840, Rutersville College was Texas's first institution of higher education. It was named for Methodist missionary and educator Martin Ruter, who wrote the school's charter and raised funds to establish the institution, which he originally intended to be named Bastrop College. The Congress of Texas initially rejected the school's charter because it affiliated the school with the Methodist Church. Ruter died two years before the school finally opened under a revised charter excluding a religious affiliation.

Fayette County, Texas
Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 24,435. Its county seat is La Grange. The county was created in 1837 and organized the next year. Fayette County was settled by German and Czech emigrants in the mid 1830's. The county lies in the Texas German belt, a fragmented belt of German towns throughout central Texas.
Robert Miln Neill
Robert Miln Neil (5 September 1882 – 14 September 1914) was a Scottish international rugby union player, who played for Scotland and the Lions. He went to Edinburgh Academy and also played for Edinburgh Academicals. He was on the 1903 British Lions tour to South Africa. Gillespie was a chartered accountant by profession; he died in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya of appendicitis.

Federation of Malaya
Malaya, officially the Federation of Malaya, was a country in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.

Initially a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, Malaya became fully sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along with Sarawak and Sabah – now collectively known as East Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to as Peninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.
35 Vulpeculae
35 Vulpeculae is a single, white-hued star in the northern  constellation of Vulpecula. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.39. An annual parallax shift of 16.9162±0.0681 mas provides a distance estimate of about 193 light years. It is moving closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −8 km/s.

This is an A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A1VmA3, indicating it has the spectrum of an A1 class star with the metal-lines of an A3 star. It is an estimated 212 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 81 km/s. The star has 2.15 times the mass of the Sun with 1.70 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 21.6 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 9,622 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
McDonald Bay
McDonald Bay is an open bay in the Davis Sea, 10 nautical miles (19 km) wide at its entrance between Adams Island and the Haswell Islands, lying immediately west of Mabus Point on the coast of Antarctica. It was charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson, 1911–14, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Commander Edwin A. McDonald, U.S. Navy, Commander of the USS Burton Island, flagship of the two icebreakers which supported the U.S. Navy Operation Windmill parties which established astronomical stations along Wilhelm II, Queen Mary, Knox and Budd Coasts during the 1947–48 summer season.

Haswell Islands
The Haswell Islands are a group of rocky coastal islands lying off Mabus Point, Antarctica, and extending about 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) seaward. They were charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson (1911–14), who applied the name "Rookery Islands" because of a large emperor penguin rookery on Haswell Island, the largest and seaward island in the group. In 1955 the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia proposed that the name Haswell be extended to the entire group.
Mean opinion score
Mean opinion score (MOS) is a measure used in the domain of Quality of Experience and telecommunications engineering, representing overall quality of a stimulus or system. It is the arithmetic mean over all individual "values on a predefined scale that a subject assigns to his opinion of the performance of a system quality". Such ratings are usually gathered in a subjective quality evaluation test, but they can also be algorithmically estimated.

MOS is a commonly used measure for video, audio, and audiovisual quality evaluation, but not restricted to those modalities. ITU-T has defined several ways of referring to a MOS in Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1, depending on whether the score was obtained from audiovisual, conversational, listening, talking, or video quality tests.

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Yokohama Specie Bank
The Yokohama Specie Bank (横浜正金銀行, Yokohama Shōkin Ginkō; YSB) was a Japanese bank founded in Yokohama in 1880, which dominated the Japanese market for trade finance in subsequent decades. It has been described as a "quasi-governmental exchange bank that was the overseas financial agent of the Japanese government".: 3

During the 1920s, the YSB accounted for nearly 50 per cent of foreign exchange transactions for Japanese exports and imports, and in 1929 was Japan's largest and most profitable bank aside from the Bank of Japan. It also played a significant role in Japanese colonial ventures, not least in Manchuria and elsewhere in China.

In 1946, following the loss of Japan's overseas possessions, the Yokohama Specie Bank was reorganized and rebranded as the Bank of Tokyo, one of the predecessor entities of MUFG Bank.

Liaoyang
Liaoyang (Chinese: 辽阳; pinyin: Liáoyáng) is a prefecture-level city of east-central Liaoning province, China, situated on the Taizi River. It is approximately one hour south of Shenyang, the provincial capital, by car. Liaoyang is home to Liaoning University's College of Foreign Studies and a number of vocational colleges. The city hosts a limited number of professional basketball and volleyball games in a modern sports facility. According to the latest statistics in 2020, the age distribution of the population in Liaoyang is as follows: 0–14 years old account for 9.83% of the population; 15–59 years old account for 62.26% of the population; 60 years old and above account for 27.91% of the population; 65 years old and above account for 19.46% of the population.
A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy is a textbook written by Libbie Hyman in 1922 and released as the first edition from the University of Chicago Press. It is also called and published simply as Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. In 1942 Hyman released the second edition as a textbook, as well as a laboratory manual. It was referred to as her 'bread and butter', as she relied on its royalties for income. The Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy still remains the same without revisions, and is used by universities around the world. In the book, she uses Balanoglossus, Amphioxus, sea squirt, lamprey, skate, shark, turtle, alligator, chicken, and cat as specimens.

Alligator
An alligator, or colloquially gator, is a large reptile in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae in the order Crocodilia. The two extant species are the American alligator (A. mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (A. sinensis). Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the late Eocene epoch about 37 million years ago.

The term "alligator" is likely an anglicized form of el lagarto, Spanish for "the lizard", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator. Early English spellings of the name included allagarta and alagarto.

Alligators are notable for their ability to inhabit climates that are considerably more temperate than those of most other crocodilians. Although they generally prefer subtropical to tropical regions, they are also capable of surviving colder winters in the northern parts of their range.
Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman
Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman (8 September 1933 – 8 November 2025) was an Indian computer scientist, academic and writer known for his pioneering efforts in the field of Computer Science Education in India. He is credited with the establishment of the first academic program in computer science in India, which he helped initiate at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1965. An elected fellow of all the Indian science academies, he was a recipient of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, the highest Indian award in Science and Technology category for young scientists and several other honors including Om Prakash Bhasin Award and Homi Bhabha Prize. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honor of the Padma Bhushan, in 1998, for his contributions to science.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Tom Boidin
Thomas Boidin (born 19 June 1990) is an Australian former professional rugby union player.

Boidin was educated at St Patrick's College, Strathfield, and the University of Sydney.

A loose forward, Boidin played mainly as a flanker and captained Sydney University to a Colts premiership in 2010. He had skippered their first-grade side by the age of 23 and became full-time captain in the 2014 season. Signed to the Brumbies academy, Boidin made two Super Rugby appearances in 2011, sharing his debut with varsity teammate Sam Carter against the Rebels. He played with French club RC Narbonne in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons.

RC Narbonne
Racing Club de Narbonne Méditerannée (also known as RCNM) is a French rugby union club that play in the third-level Nationale.

They are based in Narbonne in the Aude département of Occitania. They were founded in 1907. They play at Parc des Sports Et de l'Amitié (capacity 12,000). They wear orange and black.