hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation
The Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation (iSEI) is a research institute founded at the University of Manchester in 2007 with a mission to examine the role and moral responsibilities of science, technology and innovation in the contemporary world.  Chaired by the Nobel laureate John Sulston (formerly the founding director of the Sanger Institute) and directed by the bioethicist John Harris, iSEI performs multi-disciplinary research across four broad areas: What is Science For? Who Owns Science? How Should Science be Used? and the Ethics of Emerging Technologies.

Funded by a Wellcome Trust Biomedical Ethics Strategic Award, iSEI has embarked on a 5-year research programme on ‘The Human Body: Its Scope, Limits and Future’, starting in 2009.   This work will follow five strands within iSEI's existing research portfolio:
•	Human Biomaterials 
•	Genethics 
•	Reproduction 
•	Enhancement 
•	Methods in Bioethics

Wellcome Trust
The Wellcome Trust is a charitable foundation focused on health research based in London, United Kingdom. It was established in 1936 with legacies from the pharmaceutical magnate Henry Wellcome (founder of Burroughs Wellcome, one of the predecessors of GSK plc) to fund research to improve human and animal health. The aim of the Trust is to "support science to solve the urgent health challenges facing everyone." It had a financial endowment of £37.6 billion in 2025, making it the fourth wealthiest charitable foundation in the world. In 2012, the Wellcome Trust was described by the Financial Times as the United Kingdom's largest provider of non-governmental funding for scientific research, and one of the largest providers in the world. According to their annual report, the Wellcome Trust spent GBP £1.1 billion on charitable activities across their 2023/2024 financial year. According to the OECD, the Wellcome Trust's financing for 2019 development increased by 22% to US$327 million.
2014–15 West Midlands (Regional) League
The 2014–15 West Midlands (Regional) League season was the 115th in the history of the West Midlands (Regional) League, an English association football competition for semi-professional and amateur teams based in the West Midlands county, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and southern Staffordshire. It has three divisions, the highest of which is the Premier Division, which sits at step 6 of the National League System, or the tenth level of the overall English football league system.

National League System (football)
The National League System comprises the six levels of the English football league system immediately below the level of the English Football League. It comes under the jurisdiction of the Football Association. The National League System has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. For details of leagues above and below the National League System, see the English football league system.

The system underwent a rearrangement from 2004 to 2008 and was rearranged again in 2018. Phase one went into operation in 2004–05. At the start of the 2006–07 season, phase two was introduced, and a further phase three started from 2007–08 with the starting of a second Step 4 league in the north of England. Phase four took effect in 2018–19. Ahead of the 2020–21 season, Step 7 was abolished, being replaced by feeder leagues overseen by local county FAs.
Chronemics
Chronemics is an anthropological, philosophical, and linguistic subdiscipline that describes how time is perceived, coded, and communicated across a given culture. It is one of several subcategories to emerge from the study of nonverbal communication.

According to the Encyclopedia of Special Education, "Chronemics includes time orientation, understanding and organisation, the use of and reaction to time pressures, the innate and learned awareness of time, by physically wearing or not wearing a watch, arriving, starting, and ending late or on time." A person's perception and values placed on time plays a considerable role in their communication process.

The use of time can affect lifestyles, personal relationships, and professional life. Across cultures, people usually have different time perceptions, and this can result in tension or friction between individuals. Time perceptions include punctuality, interactions, and willingness to wait.

Time perception
In psychology and neuroscience, time perception or chronoception is the subjective experience, or sense, of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Though directly experiencing or understanding another person's perception of time is not possible, perception can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Some temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.

The ancient Greeks recognized the difference between chronological time (chronos) and subjective time (kairos).

Pioneering work on time perception, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer.
1895 in poetry
This article covers 1895 in poetry. Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

O beautiful for pilgrim feet
Whose stern impassion'd stress
A thoroughfare for freedom beat
Across the wilderness.

America! America!
God mend thine ev'ry flaw,
Confirm thy soul in self-control,
Thy liberty in law.

-- Lines 9–16, "Pikes Peak", the original name of Katharine Lee Bates' poem, first published on July 4 and later set to music and known as "America the Beautiful"

Bliss Carman
William Bliss Carman FRSC (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years.

In Canada, Carman is classed as one of the Confederation Poets, a group which also included Charles G.D. Roberts (his cousin), Archibald Lampman, and Duncan Campbell Scott. "Of the group, Carman had the surest lyric touch and achieved the widest international recognition. But unlike others, he never attempted to secure his income by novel writing, popular journalism, or non-literary employment. He remained a poet, supplementing his art with critical commentaries on literary ideas, philosophy, and aesthetics."
That's What I Think
"That's What I Think" is a song by American singer and songwriter Cyndi Lauper, released in November 1993 by Epic Records as the second single from her fourth album, Hat Full of Stars (1993). Written by Lauper with Rob Hyman, Allee Willis and Eric Bazilian, the song was also produced by her with Junior Vasquez. It peaked in the top 40 in a couple of countries and was a dance hit in the United States. Its popular remixes caused the track to climb on the dance charts. It appeared on the album Twelve Deadly Cyns...and Then Some in its album edit format. The accompanying music video was directed by Lauper, featuring different fans explaining what music meant to them. Upon the release, Lauper performed the song at the American Music Awards, The Late Show with David Letterman, The Arsenio Hall Show, and The Tonight Show.

Tommy Page covered the song on his 1996 album Loving You.

Twelve Deadly Cyns...and Then Some
Twelve Deadly Cyns...and Then Some is a greatest hits album by American singer Cyndi Lauper, released in the UK on August 22, 1994, and in the US on July 18, 1995, through Epic Records. It contains a collection of singles from the singer's first four studio albums. It also contains three new songs: "(Hey Now) Girls Just Want to Have Fun", "I'm Gonna Be Strong" and "Come On Home", all of which were released as singles. To promote the record, the singer embarked on a worldwide tour. A video album was simultaneously released and contained music videos of fourteen songs.

The album was a commercial success and has sold more than 4 million copies worldwide.
Olivier Coqueux
Olivier Coqueux (born November 29, 1973) is a French former professional ice hockey player.

Coqueux competed in the 2004 and 2008 IIHF World Championship as a member of the France men's national ice hockey team.

France men's national ice hockey team
The France men's national ice hockey team has participated in the IIHF European Championships, the IIHF World Hockey Championships and the Olympic Games. As of 2016, it is ranked 14th in the world in the IIHF World Rankings. The team is overseen by the Fédération Française de Hockey sur Glace. Notable recent wins include upsets against Russia at the 2013 IIHF World Championship, Canada at the 2014 IIHF World Championship, and a triumphant 5–1 over Finland as the tournament host of 2017 IIHF World Championship.

Patrick Francheterre coached the national team in 1985 and 1986, then managed the team from 1993 to 1997 and from 2004 to 2014, and received the Paul Loicq Award in 2017.
Isaac George Hawthorne
Isaac George Hawthorne (12 November 1912 – December 1992) was a Unionist politician in Northern Ireland.

Hawthorne was schooled in Portadown and Sheffield before becoming a farmer.  He was elected to Armagh County Council in 1947 as an Ulster Unionist Party member, holding his seat until 1958.  In 1955, he was elected to the Parliament of Northern Ireland in a bye-election in Central Armagh.

From 1959 to 1963, Hawthorne served as Ulster Unionist Chief Whip, a position which was accompanied by the title Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Finance.  From 1965, he served as an Assistant Whip then, in 1966, he became Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Development.  In September 1967, he was convicted of drink driving and resigned his post.  He was unable to secure reselection by his constituency party for the 1969 Northern Ireland general election, and decided to stand down from Parliament.

Drunk driving
Drunk driving (or drink-driving in British English) is the act of driving under the influence of alcohol. A small increase in the blood alcohol content increases the relative risk of a motor vehicle crash.

In the United States, alcohol is involved in 32% of all traffic fatalities.
2027 European Athletics Team Championships
The 2027 European Athletics Team Championships (ETC) are scheduled to be held in June 2027 in a venue to be determined.

In 2023, European Athletics president Dobromir Karamarinov stated that plans were being laid for the event to be part of the 2027 European Games, which will take place in Istanbul.

Teams from Russia and Belarus are currently banned from the European Athletics Team Championships and other European Athletics events due to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

European Athletic Association
The European Athletic Association (EAA, more commonly known as European Athletics) is the governing body for athletics in Europe. It is one of the six Area Associations of the world's athletics governing body World Athletics. European Athletics has 51 members and is headquartered in Lausanne.

Originally created in 1932 as a European Committee, it was made into an independent body during the Bucharest conference of 1969. The first European Athletics congress took place in Paris on 6–8 October 1970, with Dutchman Adriaan Paulen elected as its first president. From a volunteer-led organization based in the acting Secretary's home country, European Athletics has developed into a professional organization with a permanent base in Switzerland.

European Athletics runs and regulates several championships and meetings across Europe – both indoor and outdoor.
39th Rescue Squadron
The 39th Rescue Squadron is an Air Force Reserve Command unit of the 920th Rescue Wing (920 RQW) at Patrick Space Force Base, Florida.  Until December 2019, it operated the Lockheed HC-130P/N Combat King aircraft conducting search and rescue and combat search and rescue/personnel recovery missions. The squadron is currently transitioning to the Lockheed Martin HC-130J Combat King II aircraft, which will provide significant increases in the squadron's capabilities.  An Air Force Reserve Command unit, the 39th Rescue Squadron is operationally-gained by the Air Combat Command (ACC) upon mobilization.

Combat search and rescue
Combat search and rescue (CSAR) are search and rescue operations that are carried out during war, within or near combat zones.

A CSAR mission may be carried out by a task force of helicopters, ground-attack aircraft, aerial refueling tankers and an airborne command post.  The USAF HC-130, introduced in 1965, has served in the latter two roles.
Samuel C. Bradford
Samuel Clement Bradford (10 January 1878 in London – 13 November 1948) was a British mathematician, librarian and documentalist at the Science Museum in London. He developed "Bradford's law" (or the "law of scattering") regarding differences in demand for scientific journals. This work influences bibliometrics and citation analysis of scientific publications. Bradford founded the British Society for International Bibliography (BSIB) (est. 1927) and he was elected president of International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) in 1945. Bradford was a strong proponent of Universal Decimal Classification and of establishing abstracts of the scientific literature.

He became head of the Science Library in 1925 and became Keeper of the Science Library in 1930. He was succeeded in this role by Ernest Lancaster-Jones in 1935.

Abstract (summary)
An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.  Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

The terms précis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an "abstract". In management reports, an executive summary usually contains more information (and often more sensitive information) than the abstract does.
21st Annual Premios Gardel
The 21st Annual Premios Gardel ceremony were held on May 14, 2019. The TNT Latin America networks broadcast the show live from the Ángel Bustelo Auditorium in Mendoza. It was the first time that the ceremony was held outside Buenos Aires. The ceremony recognized the best recordings, compositions, and artists of the eligibility year, which ran from January 1, 2016 to January 31, 2016. The nominations were announced on April 16, 2019 at the Néstor Kirchner Cultural Centre in Buenos Aires.

The ceremony was hosted by Argentina model, actor and TV host Iván de Pineda. The pre-telecast ceremony was held prior to the main event and was hosted by Gabriela Radice and Luis Serrano.

Paulo Londra received the most nominations, with seven, followed by Abel Pintos and Babasónicos, with five each. Lali and Escalandrum tied for the most wins of the night with three each.

Los Auténticos Decadentes
Los Auténticos Decadentes (Spanish for "The Authentic Decadents") is an Argentine band that mixes ska with Latin American rhythms.  The band was formed around the year 1986 by Cucho and Nito, who invited Gastón to join them.

Their first hit was Veni Raquel, which set the tone for the irreverence and ironic humor of their later lyrics. Many of their songs are classic anthems of the Argentine nightlife, such as Corazón, Loco (Tu Forma de Ser), Entregá el Marrón, La Guitarra, Los Piratas and El Murguero.

For some of their hit songs and videos, the Decandentes have engaged many Argentine icons such as former soccer referee Guillermo Nimo and the later candombe singer Alberto Castillo. As they draw from traditions such as canzonetta, murga bands and cantina songs, they are popular with many generations.
Battle of Turnhout (1597)
The Battle of Turnhout, also known as the Battle of Tielenheide, was fought on 24 January 1597 by allied forces of the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of England against those of the Spanish Empire. The battle took place near Turnhout in the Southern Netherlands (now in modern-day Belgium), and was part of the Eighty Years' War and the concurrent Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604).

The engagement occurred as the Spanish were withdrawing ahead of an impending Dutch and English attack on their winter quarters in Turnhout (which did not have defensive walls), to Herentals, the nearest fortified town, 17 kilometres (11 mi) to the southwest. The vanguard of the allied army caught up with the Spanish column en route to Herentals, and after some skirmishing, both armies confronted each other on a heath called Tielenheide. The Spanish cavalry was driven off, after which the English and Dutch cavalry fell upon the disordered Spanish infantry who were routed with heavy casualties.

Column (formation)
In military terminology, a column is a tactical formation of fighters moving together in one or more files in which the file is significantly longer than the width of ranks in the formation. The column formation allows the unit rapid movement and a very effective charge (due to weight of numbers), and it can quickly form square to resist cavalry attacks, but by its nature only a fraction of its muskets are able to open fire.

The line formation offers a substantially larger musket frontage than the column, allowing for greater shooting capability, but requires extensive training to allow the unit to move over ground as one while retaining the line. It is also applied by modern armies to vehicles, troops and naval vessels.
Alejandra Monteoliva
Alejandra Susana Monteoliva (born 30 August 1970) is an Argentine politician, Minister of National Security of Argentina since 2025 under president Javier Milei. She previously served as Secretary of National Security between 2024 and 2025 and Minister of Security for the Córdoba Province in 2013.

Córdoba Province, Argentina
Córdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Its neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north) Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja, and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.

Córdoba is the second-most populous Argentine province, with 3,978,984 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, Córdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.
Udadumbara Electoral District
Udadumbara electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Udadumbara in Kandy District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Udadumbara electoral district was replaced by the multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Udadumbara
Udadumbara is a small town in Sri Lanka, located within Kandy District, Central Province.

The area was previously known as Madugoda. Elevation is 740m from the sea level. Distance to Udadumbara from Kandy is 45km and from Colombo is 185km.
Jesús Carranza
Jesús Carranza Neira (June 16, 1813 – May 25, 1899) was a Mexican mule driver, rancher, and landowner. He was a veteran who fought in the Mexican–Apache Wars, on the side of Benito Juárez and the liberals during the Reform War, and for the republicans against the French intervention in Mexico. He supplied Mariano Escobedo with weapons and horses and provided Juárez himself an interest-free loan in 1866. He was named political chief of Monclova and was repaid with a large land grant in Coahuila after Juárez emerged victorious against the French. A patriarch with 15 children, his second son and eleventh child was Venustiano Carranza, who later became president of Mexico.

Monclova
Monclova (Spanish pronunciation: [moŋˈkloβa]), is a city and the seat of the surrounding municipality of the same name in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila. According to the 2015 census, the city had 231,107 inhabitants. Its metropolitan area has 381,432 inhabitants and a population density of 29.88 inhabitants per square kilometer. Monclova is the third-largest city and metropolitan area in the state in terms of population, after Torreón and Saltillo.

The city accounts for the highest production of steel in Mexico as well as Latin America, hence its nickname "The Steel Capital".

Today Monclova has one of the highest levels of commercial, industrial, and financial development, and is currently has one of the lowest poverty rates among Mexican cities. Its metropolitan area is among the 10 most competitive urban areas in the country, and it also has one of the highest labor productivity rates.
National Highway 332 (India)
National Highway 332 (NH 332) is a national highway in India. It is a secondary route of National Highway 32. NH-332 runs in the state of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry U.T. in India.

National Highway 45A was renamed National Highway 332.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Joni Töykkälä
Joni Töykkälä (born February 25, 1984) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey forward who is currently an assistant coach for the HIFK under 16 hockey team.

Töykkälä played his first Liiga game in 2003 with the Blues where he had been playing his junior hockey.

Töykkälä  also played for Tappara, TPS, and HIFK in Liiga during his career.

HC TPS
TPS or Turun Palloseura is an ice hockey team and 10-time champion of SM-liiga and 1-time champion of SM-sarja. They play in Turku, Finland, at Gatorade Center. In terms of championships, TPS is the second all-time most successful team in SM-Liiga, right behind Tappara.
Four Mile Bay
Four Mile Bay is a bay on Trout Lake in the city of North Bay, Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.

The bay is about 5.4 kilometres (3.4 mi) long, and is separated from the rest of Trout Lake by an equally long peninsula. It varies from 0.2 to 1.4 kilometres (0.1 to 0.9 mi) wide, the former at the mouth of the bay.

The community of Camp Champlain is on it southern shore, and Four Mile Creek enters Trout Lake at the bay.

Nipissing District
Nipissing District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858. The district seat is North Bay.

In 2021, the population was 84,716. The land area is 16,986.20 square kilometres (6,558.41 sq mi); the population density was 5.0 per square kilometre (13/sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated districts in northern Ontario.