hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
XYY syndrome
XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome and Superman syndrome, is an aneuploid genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome. There are usually few symptoms. These may include being taller than average and an increased risk of learning disabilities. Most individuals with this condition have normal fertility.

The condition is generally not inherited but rather occurs as a result of a random event during sperm development. Diagnosis is by a chromosomal analysis, but most of those affected are not diagnosed within their lifetime. There are 47 chromosomes, instead of the usual 46, giving a 47,XYY karyotype.

Treatment may include speech therapy or extra help with schoolwork, and outcomes are generally positive. The condition occurs in about 1 in 1,000 male births. Many people with the condition are unaware that they have it. The condition was first described in 1961.

Pseudoautosomal region
The pseudoautosomal regions or PARs are homologous sequences of nucleotides found within the sex chromosomes of species with an XY or ZW mechanism of sex determination.

The pseudoautosomal regions get their name because any genes within them (so far at least 29 have been found for humans) are inherited just like any autosomal genes. In humans, these regions are referred to as PAR1 and PAR2. PAR1 comprises 2.6 Mbp of the short-arm tips of both X and Y chromosomes in humans and great apes (X and Y are 154 Mbp and 62 Mbp in total). PAR2 is at the tips of the long arms, spanning 320 kbp. The monotremes, including the platypus and echidna, have a multiple sex chromosome system, and consequently have 8 pseudoautosomal regions.
Ander Vilariño
Ander Vilariño Facal (born 6 November 1979 in Hondarribia) is a Spanish auto racing driver that is currently competing in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series, driving the No. 22 Chevrolet Camaro for DF1 Racing. Vilariño is one of the most successful drivers in NASCAR Whelen Euro Series history. He has won 3 titles (2012, 2013, and 2015) and has 22 race wins in his EuroNASCAR career.

Vilariño started racing in 1996 in the Formula Renault Campus after having competed in some karting championships. He is the son of former FIA European Hill Climb Champion (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992) and FIA European Hill Climb Championship Trophy Winner (2007) Andrés Vilariño.

European Hill Climb Championship
The FIA European Hill Climb Championship (FIA EHC) is an FIA-run motorsport competition held across Europe on closed public road courses.

Unlike circuit racing, each driver competes alone, starting from a point at the base of a mountain and reaching a finish point near the summit. The European Championship allows single-seater cars, open-cockpit sports prototypes, and touring cars with varying degrees of technical preparation.
Rigolets
The Rigolets is a 8-mile-long (13 km) deepwater tidal strait in Louisiana. "Rigolets" comes from the word rigole, French for 'trench' or 'gutter'.  The name is now locally pronounced "RIG-uh-leez".

The strait begins at 30°10′40″N 89°44′40″W﻿ / ﻿30.17778°N 89.74444°W﻿ / 30.17778; -89.74444 and follows a generally eastward course to Lake Borgne, a lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico, and finally to the Gulf of Mexico, where it ends at 30°09′16″N 89°37′31″W﻿ / ﻿30.15444°N 89.62528°W﻿ / 30.15444; -89.62528.  Along with nearby Chef Menteur Pass, the Rigolets connects Lake Pontchartrain and Lake St. Catherine in Louisiana to Lake Borgne, and then to the Gulf of Mexico.  It forms the boundary between New Orleans (Orleans Parish) and St. Tammany Parish.

Tidal strait
A tidal strait is a strait through which a tidal current flows. Tidal currents are usually unidirectional but sometimes are bidirectional. Tidal straits, though they are narrow seaways, are technically not rivers. They are frequently of tectonic origin. In them, currents develop because of elevation differences between the water basins at both ends. Tidal straits can connect seas and oceans, as well as estuarine zones.

Tides sometimes allow sediments to collect in tidal straits.
Rob Koll
Rob Koll (born November 17, 1965) is an American college wrestling coach.  He is currently head wrestling coach at University of North Carolina.  He is the son of National Wrestling Hall of Fame member and three-time NCAA wrestling champion Bill Koll.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Vargashinsky District
Vargashinsky District (Russian: Варгаши́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central and northern parts of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,020 square kilometers (1,170 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Vargashi. Population: 19,919 (2010 Census); 23,255 (2002 Census); 24,417 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 46.5% of the district's total population.

Kurgan Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, romanized: Kurganskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661, down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
Princess Royal National Hunt Challenge Cup Novices' Handicap Chase
The National Hunt Challenge Cup is a National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 3 miles 6 furlongs (3 miles 5 furlongs and 201 yards, or 6,018 metres), and during its running there are twenty-three fences to be jumped. The race is a handicap race for novice chasers, and it is scheduled to take place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Finemere Wood
Finemere Wood is a 45.7-hectare (113-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Quainton in Buckinghamshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust and the planning authorities are Aylesbury Vale District Council and Buckinghamshire County Council.

The wood was formerly part of Bernwood Forest, a medieval royal hunting forest. Most of the site is ancient pedunculate oak forest, which has butterflies including the rare wood white and black hairstreak. There is also an area of rough grassland and scrub which is crossed by the River Ray.

The site is open at all times and there is access from the road between Quainton and Edgcott.

River Ray
The River Ray is a tributary of the River Cherwell in south east England. It rises at Quainton Hill, Buckinghamshire and flows west through flat countryside for around 25 km (16 mi) to meet the Cherwell at Islip in Oxfordshire.

The Ray's catchment area is sparsely populated, especially in its lower reaches as it flows through the Otmoor wetlands. In 1815 a channel was cut between Charlton-on-Otmoor and Oddington, known as the New River Ray, to divert much of the water flow around the northern and southern edge of Otmoor.
IC4DESIGN
IC4DESIGN is a Hiroshima-based illustration and design studio founded in 2006 by Japanese artist Hiro Kamigaki. The studio is known for its highly detailed, hand-drawn visual style, characterized by dense architectural environments, maze-like compositions, humorous background narratives, and bright, pop-art–inspired palettes.

Its best-known creation is the puzzle-book series Pierre the Maze Detective, which has sold more than one million copies and has been translated into over thirty languages. The studio has produced editorial, commercial, and narrative illustration for clients worldwide. Its work has been recognized by major illustration and design bodies, including American Illustration, the Society of Illustrators, and the Art Directors Club of New York (ADC).

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Charles B. Lewis
Charles B. Lewis was an American football coach.  He served as the head football coach at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania, during the 1906 season.  His coaching record at Allegheny was 2–7.

Allegheny College
Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Presidents' Athletic Conference and it is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Gentile da Fabriano)
Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata is an oil and tempera painting by Gentile da Fabriano, executed c. 1420, now in the Magnani-Rocca Foundation in the Province of Parma in Italy. It is the back of a processional banner - the front showing the Coronation of the Virgin is now in the Getty Center in Los Angeles.

The banner was painted for a confraternity based at the San Francesco Monastery in Fabriano, the painter's birthplace - he had returned there from Brescia for a few months in spring 1420 before moving on to Florence. Ambrogio de' Bizochis was probably the intermediary between the painter and the confraternity - he was cousin to Egidio, brother of Gentile's wife.

Magnani-Rocca Foundation
The Magnani-Rocca Foundation is a private collection of old masters and modern art, gathered by the art collector and critic Luigi Magnani. He established the foundation in 1978 honour of his father Giuseppe and his mother Eugenia Rocca to promote art, music and literary activities, though it was only from 1983 that he displayed his art collection to the public. It is housed in the Villa Magnani on via Fondazione Magnani Rocca 4 in Mamiano, a district of Traversetolo in the Province of Parma.

The collection includes works by Gentile da Fabriano, Albrecht Dürer, Vittore Carpaccio, Titian, Rubens, Van Dyck, Francisco Goya, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne, Giorgio Morandi (50 works), Giorgio de Chirico, Filippo de Pisis, Gino Severini, Alberto Burri, Johann Heinrich Füssli, Nicolas de Staël, Lippo di Dalmasio, Filippo Lippi, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Lorenzo Costa, Martin Schongauer as well as sculptures by Antonio Canova and Lorenzo Bartolini.
Phyllonorycter occitanica
Phyllonorycter occitanica is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Texas, United States.

The larvae feed on Ulmus species, including Ulmus fulva and Ulmus rubra. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Utsunomiya Futarayama Shrine
Utsunomiya Futarayama Jinja (宇都宮二荒山神社) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Along with the Futarasan Shrine in Nikkō, it  is one of the two shrines claiming the title of ichinomiya of former Shimotsuke Province. The shrine's main festival is held annually on October 21. It is located on the summit of Mt. Myōjin (Usugamine; elevation, 135 meters) in the center of Utsunomiya city.

Nikkō
Nikkō (日光市, Nikkō-shi; IPA: [ɲikkoꜜːɕi]) is a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 2 December 2020, the city's population was 80,239, in 36,531 households. The population density was 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,449.83 square kilometres (559.78 sq mi).

Nikkō is a popular destination for Japanese and international tourists. Attractions include the mausoleum of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Nikkō Tōshō-gū shrine, and that of his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu (Iemitsu-byō Taiyū-in), along with Futarasan shrine, which dates to the year 767. There are many famous onsen (hot springs) in the area. Elevations range from 200 to 2,000 meters.

The Japanese saying "Never say kekkō until you've seen Nikkō" (日光を見ずして結構と言うなかれ)" – with kekkō (結構) meaning splendid, magnificent, or satisfied – is a reflection of the beauty and sites in Nikkō.
Mount Eliza (Western Australia)
Mount Eliza is a hill that overlooks the city of Perth, Western Australia and forms part of Kings Park.  It is known as Kaarta Gar-up and Mooro Katta in the local Noongar dialect.

As part of Kings Park, Mount Eliza has received more than five million visitors each year (2019), due to events such as; the Anzac Day Memorial service, the Australia Day fireworks and the Kings Park festival. In addition to these events, Mount Eliza attracts visitors and interest with its ecosystems, indigenous and colonial history, landmarks and other activities.

City of Perth Skyworks
The City of Perth Skyworks (previously named for other sponsors) was a large scale fireworks show in Perth, Western Australia that was held annually on Australia Day (26 January) over Perth Water, the section of the Swan River adjacent to the central business district. For many years the City of Perth Skyworks were the largest fireworks celebration in the country on Australia Day.

The event ran every year from 1985 to 2022, except for 2017 when the show was cancelled due to a plane crash on the Swan River, and in 2021 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After the 2022 Skyworks, the City of Perth decided to end the long running event for a number of reasons including waning interest, environmental concerns, and the high financial cost of putting on the show. From 2023 onwards it has been replaced by a more modest and localised fireworks display coupled with a drone show presented in front of Langley Park.
Giuseppe Modorati
Giuseppe Modorati (1827–1923) was an Italian painter.

He was a resident of Milan, and studied at the Brera Academy. He later served as custodian of the Museum galleries of the Brera. In that role, he often performed restorations.

He was prolific and eclectic, painting history, sacred, and genre subjects, as well as portraits. In 1880 at Turin, he exhibited: Christ at Gesthemane. In 1883 at Milan, he exhibited: The Garibaldini and the Bersaglieri of Manara defend the Breach of Rome in 1849, and a half-figure titled: Pensierosa. In 1886 at the National Exposition, he exhibited: Troppo tardi; Rifugio d'amore; Placido sonno, and Le sirene, a charcoal drawing.

Brera Academy
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (lit. 'Academy of fine arts of Brera'), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy.  It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni. In 2018 it was announced that Caserma Magenta was no longer a viable option, with the former railway yard in Via Farini now under consideration as a potential venue for the campus extension.
Horseshoe, Jersey City
The Horseshoe section of Jersey City, New Jersey, was the second ward, and was the home of the immigrants, tenements, and taverns. The Republican-controlled Legislature gerrymandered the district in 1871 to concentrate and isolate Democratic, and mostly Catholic, votes, thus preserving Republican dominance in the rest of the city. The curved shape of the district was said to resemble a horseshoe.

As competing railroads built cuts through Bergen Hill, they also built viaducts from the foot of the cliff which passed through residential districts to the waterfront.  The district is often associated with the name Pavonia encompassing Harsimus Cove, Hamilton Park, Powerhouse and the former site of the Erie Railroad's Hudson waterfront Pavonia Terminal and the Pavonia Ferry, which since the 1980s has been redeveloped as Newport.  
Frank Hague was born in the Horseshoe, and used it as his power base to become mayor of Jersey City and influential in local, state, and national politics.

Bergen Hill
Bergen Hill refers to the lower Hudson Palisades in New Jersey, where they emerge on Bergen Neck, which in turn is the peninsula between the Hackensack and Hudson Rivers, and their bays. In Hudson County, it reaches a height of 260 feet.
Dave's Picks Volume 37
Dave's Picks Volume 37 is a three-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. It contains the complete concert recorded on April 15, 1978, at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, as well as selections from the April 18 concert at the Civic Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was released on January 29, 2021, in a limited edition of 25,000 copies.

Donna Jean Godchaux
Donna Jean Thatcher Godchaux-MacKay (August 22, 1947 – November 2, 2025) was an American singer best known as a member of the rock band the Grateful Dead from 1972 to 1979. In addition to the Dead, she performed with the Jerry Garcia Band and the short-lived Heart of Gold Band, all alongside her first husband, Keith Godchaux. She formed the Donna Jean Godchaux Band in 2006.
To Dorothy a Son
To Dorothy a Son (U.S. title: Cash on Delivery) is a black and white 1954 British comedy film in the form of a farce directed by Muriel Box and starring Shelley Winters, John Gregson and Peggy Cummins. It was written by Peter Rogers based on the 1950 play To Dorothy, a Son by Roger MacDougall. It was distributed in America by RKO Pictures in January 1956.

Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that relies on exaggerated, improbable, or ridiculous situations to entertain an audience. It is typically marked by physical humor, absurdity, satire or parody, improbable scenarios, misunderstandings, and broadly stylized characters and performances.
2012 Yiliang earthquakes
On 7 September 2012, a series of earthquakes occurred in Yiliang County, Zhaotong, Yunnan. The two main shocks occurred at 11:19 and 12:16 China Standard Time (03:19 and 04:16 UTC). The earthquakes left 81 people dead and 821 injured. According to the officials, at least 100,000 people were evacuated and more than 20,000 houses were damaged.

Time in China
The time in China follows a single standard time offset of UTC+08:00, where Beijing is located, even though the country spans five geographical time zones. It is the largest sovereign nation in the world that officially observes only one time zone.

The nationwide standardized time is named Beijing Time (BJT; Chinese: 北京时间) domestically and China Standard Time (CST) internationally. Daylight saving time has not been observed since 1991.

China Standard Time (UTC+8) is consistent across Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. It is also equivalent with Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, most of Mongolia, Malaysia, Irkutsk Time of Russia, Western Australia, and Central Indonesia.
Karl Johannes Neumann
Karl Johannes Neumann (9 September 1857 in Glogau near Krotoschin – 12 October 1917 in Munich) was a German classical historian.

He studied classical philology, ancient history and church history at the University of Leipzig, later continuing his education at the University of Tübingen. In 1880 he received his doctorate at Leipzig with a dissertation on the anti-Christianity writings of Emperor Julian ("Prolegomena in Juliani imperatoris libros quibus impugnavit Christianos"). Following graduation, he worked as an assistant in the university library at Halle. In 1880 he became an associate professor at the University of Strasbourg, where he gained a full professorship in 1890. In 1909/10 he served as university rector.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
David Simpkins (cricketer, born 1934)
David William Simpkins (29 May 1934 – 6 August 2009) was an English cricketer.  Simpkins was a left-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper.  He was born at Derry Hill, Wiltshire.

Simpkins made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Wiltshire against Dorset in 1963.  From 1963 to 1975, he represented the county in 20 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Dorset.

Simpkins also represented Wiltshire in 2 List-A matches.  His List-A debut for the county came against Essex in the 1969 Gillette Cup.  His second and final List-A match for Wiltshire came against Hampshire in the 1973 Gillette Cup.  In his 2 List-A matches, he scored 7 runs at a batting average of 3.50, with a high score of 5.  Behind the stumps he took a single catch and made a single stumping.

Dorset County Cricket Club
Dorset County Cricket Club is one of twenty National county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Dorset.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Cricket Association Championship Western Division 2 and plays in the National Counties Cricket Association Knockout Trophy and the NCCA T20 Competition. Dorset played List A matches occasionally from 1968 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is currently without a permanent ground so it uses several club grounds inside the historic county boundaries, where they play their home matches.

In 2023, the County Cricket Club became part of Cricket Dorset Ltd and amalgamated with the Dorset Cricket Board and other Dorset cricket entities.