hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bar stock
Bar stock, also (colloquially) known as blank, slug or billet, is a common form of raw purified metal, used by industry to manufacture metal parts and products. Bar stock is available in a variety of extrusion shapes and lengths. The most common shapes are round (circular cross-section), rectangular, square and hexagonal. A bar is characterised by an "enclosed invariant convex cross-section", meaning that pipes, angle stock and objects with varying diameter are not considered bar stock.

Bar stock is commonly processed by a sequence of sawing, turning, milling, drilling and grinding to produce a final product, often vastly different from the original stock. In some cases, the process is partially automated by specialized equipment which feeds the stock into the appropriate processing machine.

Drill bit sizes
Drill bits are the cutting tools of drilling machines. They can be made in any size to order, but standards organizations have defined sets of sizes that are produced routinely by drill bit manufacturers and stocked by distributors.

In the U.S., fractional inch and gauge drill bit sizes are in common use. In nearly all other countries, metric drill bit sizes are most common, and all others are anachronisms or are reserved for dealing with designs from the US. The British Standards on replacing gauge size drill bits with metric sizes in the UK was first published in 1959.

A comprehensive table for metric, fractional wire and tapping sizes can be found at the drill and tap size chart.
Santiago Bonavía
Santiago Bonavía (Italian: Giacomo Bonavia) (1695–1759) was an Italian architect and painter who was active in Spain during the 18th century.

Called in 1731 by King Philip V of Spain, Cardinal Infante Luis of Chinchón
commissioned him in 1739 the construction in Madrid of the Church of Sts. Justus and Pastor, today's Pontifical Basilica of Saint Michael.

Bonavia was member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando since its creation by royal decree in 1744. He became director of the Architecture department in 1753.

Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando
The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF; transl. 'Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando'), located on the Calle de Alcalá in the centre of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery. A public law corporation, it is integrated together with other Spanish royal academies in the Instituto de España.
Rock Baby Rock
"Rock Baby Rock" is a song by Filipino disco group VST & Company, written by Vic Sotto. It is part of a medley called "VST Concerto in A Minor" on the album VST 3. It was one of the group's biggest hits produced by the band themselves. Sotto said in an interview on PTV's Xiao Time segment that it was his most favorite VST song because he put a lot of effort into it.

The film of the same name was named after this song, starring Vilma Santos, Rolly Quizon, Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, Joey de Leon and VST & Company themselves.

During Eat Bulaga!'s show in Toronto, Canada on 12 April 2014, Joey de Leon performed the song until the rest of the hosts on the show joined him including Tito and Vic Sotto. It was also performed by the reunited VST & Co. (except Val and Vic Sotto) during a tribute to Snaffu Rigor on August 8, 2016.

Vilma Santos
Rosa Vilma Tuazon Santos (born November 3, 1953) is a Filipino actress and politician. Known for her versatile work on screen, she began her career as a child actress in the 1960s and was one of the biggest box-office draw from the 1970s to early 1980s. Her accolades include a Dhaka International Film Festival Award, thirteen FAMAS Awards, eleven Gawad Urian, and five Luna Awards. She served as the Mayor of Lipa from 1998 to 2007, then as Governor of Batangas in 23rd and 25th congress. She also served as the representative for Batangas' 6th district from 2016 to 2022, and as the House Deputy Speaker from 2019 to 2022.
Gingeras
Gingeras is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alison M. Gingeras (born 1973), American curator and writer

Ryan Gingeras (born 1978), American historian

Thomas Gingeras (fl. 1976), American geneticist

Ryan Gingeras
Ryan Gingeras (born 1978) is an American historian. He is a professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in California and a historian of the late Ottoman Empire.

He is the author of five books, including Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Ataturk and Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire. He has published on a wide variety of topics related to history and politics in such publications as Foreign Affairs, New York Times, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Middle East Journal, Iranian Studies, Past & Present, and War on the Rocks.

Gingeras stated that he wanted to write his dissertation about Kars during World War I, or how Nakhichevan became part of Azerbaijan, but was warned that writing about controversial topics such as Kurds and Armenians would be akin to "professional suicide".
2021 in reptile paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2021 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2021.

Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.
Wives as They Were and Maids as They Are
Wives as They Were and Maids as They Are is a 1797 comedy play by the British writer Elizabeth Inchbald. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 4 March 1797. The original London cast included John Quick as Lord Priory, Joseph Shepherd Munden as Sir William Dorrillon, Alexander Pope as Sir George Evelyn, William Thomas Lewis as Mr Bronzeley, John Waddy as Mr Norberry, John Fawcett as Oliver, James Thompson as Nabson, Charlotte Chapman as Lady Priory, Tryphosa Jane Wallis as Miss Dorrillon and Isabella Mattocks as Lady Mary Raffle. The Irish premiere was at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 12 June 1797.

William Thomas Lewis
William Thomas Lewis (c.1748–1811), known as "Gentleman" Lewis, due to his refined acting style, was an English actor. Raised in Ireland, he made his name on the Dublin stage before moving to the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London where he spent many years. He was said to be "the most complete fop on the stage". In later life he went into theatrical management.
Kosmos 2464
Kosmos 2464 (Russian: Космос 2464 meaning Cosmos 2464) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2010 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2465 and Kosmos 2466.

This satellite is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M, and is numbered Uragan-M No. 736.

Kosmos 2464/5/6 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-M carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 05:49 UTC on 2 September 2010. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2010-041C. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 27139.

It is in the second orbital plane of the GLONASS constellation, in orbital slot 9. It started operations on 4 October 2010.

International Designator
The International Designator is an international identifier assigned to artificial objects in space. It consists of the launch year, a three-digit incrementing launch number of that year and up to a three-letter code representing the sequential identifier of a piece in a launch. In TLE format the first two digits of the year and the dash are dropped.
For example, 1990-037A is the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-31, which carried the Hubble Space Telescope (1990-037B) into space. This launch was the 37th known successful launch worldwide in 1990.
Hu Ze
Hu Ze (Chinese: 胡澤; born 7 September 1984) is a former Chinese short track speed skater. He is a champion and silver medallist of the 2007 Asian Winter Games. He briefly competed at the World Cup, achieving two personal podiums and one team victory during the 2006–07 season.

2006–07 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The 2007 Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season for short track speed skating. The season began on 20 October 2006 and ended on 11 February 2007. The World Cup was organised by the ISU who also ran world cups and championships in speed skating and figure skating.
New England Nor'easters football
The New England Nor'easters football team represents University of New England in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The Nor'easters are members of the Conference of New England (CNE), fielding its team in the CNE since 2018. The Nor'easters play their home games at Blue Storm Stadium in Biddeford, Maine.

Their head coach is Mike Lichten, who took over the position for the 2017 season.

Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Enrique Adolfo Jiménez
Enrique Adolfo Jiménez Brin (8 February 1888 – 28 April 1970) was President of Panama from 15 June 1945 to 7 August 1948, representing the National Liberal Party of Panama.

Jiménez Brin was appointed private secretary of President Belisario Porras Barahona at the age of 25, deputy Minister of State, president of the National Bank of Panama and ambassador of Panama to the United States at Washington, D.C., an important post due to the authority exercised by the U.S. over Panama due to its ownership of the Panama Canal.

He was elected the first presidential designate by the National Assembly for the 1924–1926 term and a second time for the 1934–1936 term.

In June 1945, he was appointed president of the Republic of Panama by the Constituent National Assembly, and remained in office until 7 August 1948.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Félix V. Matos Rodríguez
Félix V. Matos Rodríguez is a Puerto Rican academic administrator, currently the eighth Chancellor of The City University of New York (CUNY), the largest urban public university system in the United States. A historian, professor, author and noted Puerto Rican scholar, Matos Rodríguez previously served as president of two CUNY colleges and as a cabinet secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Family Affairs. He assumed the post of Chancellor of CUNY on May 1, 2019, becoming the first Hispanic to lead the university.

Puerto Rico Department of Family Affairs
The Puerto Rico Department of Family Affairs (Spanish: Departamento de Asuntos Familiares de Puerto Rico) is responsible for all matters related to the sociology of the family and social work in the U.S. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Rave Mobile Safety
Rave Mobile Safety (formerly Rave Wireless) is an American software company founded in New York City in 2004, and currently based in Framingham, Massachusetts. The company provides a suite of software applications for safety. Early investors included Bain Capital Ventures, Sigma Partners, and RRE Ventures.  More recently, Technology Crossover Ventures took a lead investment position

The company claims a total of 8,000 contracted clients representing 1,800 higher education institutions, 10,000 K-12 schools, 3,00 public safety agencies and 9-1-1 centers in all 50 U.S. states as customers, with over 50 million individuals protected.

Bain Capital Ventures
Bain Capital Ventures LLC is the venture capital division within Bain Capital, which has approximately $160 billion of assets under management worldwide. The firm's early-stage investments have included Attentive, Bloomreach, Billtrust, Docusign, Flywire, LinkedIn, Justworks, Turbonomic, Rent the Runway, Twilio, Rapid7, and Redis. Bain Capital Ventures manages  $10 billion of committed capital, has over 400 active portfolio companies, and has offices in New York City, Palo Alto, and San Francisco.
A.N.T.A. Album of 1955
A.N.T.A. Album of 1955 is a closed-circuit American television special produced to raise funds for the relief agency CARE that was telecast live from the now-demolished Adelphi Theatre in New York City on March 28, 1955. It is listed as a DuMont Television Network show, and is on Clarke Ingram's list of DuMont programming content stored at the UCLA Film and Television Archive.

At the time, DuMont was in the process of being shut down. Among those who appeared in the special included Helen Hayes, Lena Horne, Victor Moore, Ezio Pinza, and Elaine Stritch.

Ezio Pinza
Ezio Fortunato Pinza  (May 18, 1892 – May 9, 1957) was an Italian opera singer. Pinza possessed a rich, smooth and sonorous voice, with a flexibility unusual for a bass. He spent 22 seasons at New York's Metropolitan Opera, appearing in more than 750 performances of 50 operas. At the San Francisco Opera, Pinza sang 26 roles during 20 seasons from 1927 to 1948. Pinza also sang to great acclaim at La Scala, Milan, and at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London.

After retiring from the Metropolitan Opera in 1948, Pinza enjoyed a fresh career on Broadway in musical theatre, most notably in South Pacific, in which he created the role of Emile de Becque. He was less successful in his appearances in Hollywood films.
Gareth Evans (footballer, born 1988)
Gareth Charles Evans (born 26 April 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for Radcliffe. He can also play as a midfielder and at right back.

Evans began his career as a youth player with both Manchester United and Crewe Alexandra. He went professional in 2006, but struggled to break into the Crewe first team and went on loans to Leigh RMI in 2006, and Alsager Town in 2007, then moved to his hometown club, Macclesfield Town in that same year. He signed for Bradford City in 2009, before he left them to sign for Yorkshire rivals Rotherham United in June 2011. Evans joined Fleetwood Town on the opening day of the 2013 January transfer window following his departure from Rotherham. Evans signed for Portsmouth FC on 28 July 2015.

Alsager Town F.C.
Alsager Town Football Club is a football club, based in Alsager, Cheshire, England. The club are currently members of North West Counties League Division One South and play at Wood Park Stadium. Affiliated to the Cheshire County Football Association, they also operate a reserve team in the Staffordshire County Senior League and a youth team in the North West Youth Alliance.
Garden Club of Monaco
The Garden Club of Monaco was founded by the late Princess Grace, Princess of Monaco in 1968. She was the first president of the club. After her death, in 1982, her widower, Rainier III, Prince of Monaco appointed his daughter Princess Caroline to the role.

The club is mainly known for hosting the annual International Competition of Bouquets. 2021 will see the 52nd edition of the competition, from 16 to 17 October. The founder thought the club was necessary to the "lifeblood" of community life in Monaco. Julia Clements (Lady Seton) was a guest speaker at the first edition of the event, originally called the May Flower Show.

Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) was Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years.

Rainier was born at the Prince's Palace of Monaco, the only son of Hereditary Princess Charlotte and Prince Pierre. During his reign, he was responsible for the transformation of Monaco's economy, shifting from its traditional casino gambling base to its current status as a tax haven and cultural destination. The Prince also coordinated the substantial reforms of Monaco's constitution, which limited the powers of sovereign rule.

Rainier married American film star Grace Kelly in 1956, which generated global media attention. They had three children: Caroline, Albert and Stéphanie. Rainier died in April 2005 from complications relating to a lung infection compromised by years of cigarette smoking; he was succeeded by his son, Albert II.
Parish of Blessed Jerzy Popiełuszko (Mysiadło)
The Parish of Blessed Father Jerzy Popiełuszko in Mysiadło is a Roman Catholic parish belonging to the Piaseczno deanery, the Archdiocese of Warsaw, and the Warsaw metropolitan area of the Catholic Church. It was established on 8 March 2024 by decree of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Warsaw, Cardinal Kazimierz Nycz.

Archdiocese of Warsaw
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Warsaw (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Varsaviensis, Polish: Archidiecezja Metropolita Warszawska) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Poland encompassing the Polish capital. It was erected on October 16, 1798 and was elevated to an Archdiocese on June 30, 1818.

A Metropolitan See, its suffragan dioceses are the Roman Catholic Diocese of Płock and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warszawa-Praga. According to the archdiocese's statistics, 30.4% of its population attended a church weekly in 2013. That is higher than a year earlier (29.8%) but church attendance may still be declining.
Chiamaka
Chiamaka // ⓘ is a feminine given name of Igbo origin, meaning “God is beautiful”. Masculine use, though not unheard of, is extremely rare. Notable bearers include:

Chiamaka Enyi-Amadi, Nigerian-Irish poet

Chiamaka Madu (born 1996), Nigerian footballer

Chiamaka Nnadozie (born 2000), Nigerian footballer

Chiamaka Obuekwe, Nigerian businessperson

Chiamaka Okoli (1987–2019), Nigerian astrophysicist

Chiamaka Nnadozie
Chiamaka Cynthia Nnadozie Listenⓘ OON (Igbo: [tʃi.aˈma.ka ˈsɪn.θi.ə nːa.dò.zi.ɛ]; born 8 December 2000) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Brighton & Hove Albion in the Women's Super League and the Nigeria women's national team. Nnadozie was named African best female goalkeeper of the year three times in a row in 2023, 2024 and 2025, making her the first player to achieve this. She was also ranked fourth at the 2025 Yashin Trophy and has been regarded as one of the best female footballers in the world by The Guardian.
23rd PMPC Star Awards for Television
The 23rd PMPC Star Awards for TV ceremony was held at the PAGCOR Grand Theater in Paranaque City on November 29, 2009 and broadcast over ABS-CBN Channel 2. The ceremony was hosted by Piolo Pascual, Carmina Villarroel and John Lloyd Cruz and directed by Erick C. Salud.

Ogie Alcasid
Herminio Jose Lualhati "Ogie" Alcasid Jr. (born August 27, 1967) is a Filipino actor, singer, songwriter, comedian, director and producer. He is best known for his songwriting and collaboration with other musical artists. He has appeared in films and television shows, notably as a cast member of Tropang Trumpo (1994–1995) and Bubble Gang (1995–2013) and a host and main performer of SOP (1997–2010) and  ASAP (2017–present). He is currently married to Regine Velasquez, with whom he has one child.
Krobo people
The Krobo people are an ethnic group in Ghana. They are grouped as part of the Ga-Adangbe ethnolinguistic group, and they are also the largest group of the seven Dangme ethnic groups of Southeastern Ghana. The Krobo are a farming people who occupy Accra Plains, Akuapem Mountains and the Afram Basin.

Ethnolinguistics
Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is an area of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between a language or group of languages and the cultural practices of the people who speak those languages.

It examines how different cultures conceptualize and categorize their experiences, such as spatial orientation and environmental phenomena. Ethnolinguistics incorporates methods like ethnosemantics, which analyzes how people classify and label their world, and componential analysis, which dissects semantic features of terms to understand cultural meanings. The field intersects with cultural linguistics to investigate how language encodes cultural schemas and metaphors, influencing areas such as intercultural communication and language learning.
Maria Beatty
Maria Beatty is a Venezuelan filmmaker who directs, acts, and produces. Her films are often made in black and white and cover various aspects of female sexuality, including BDSM and fetishism. She was inspired by expressionist German cinema, French surrealism, and American film noir.

She sometimes stars in her own films, such as The Elegant Spanking (1995) and The Black Glove (1997). In 2007, she won the FICEB Tacón De Aguja Best Director Award for Silken Sleeves.

Annie Sprinkle’s 1992 production The Sluts and Goddesses Video Workshop – Or How To Be A Sex Goddess in 101 Easy Steps was co-produced and co-directed with Beatty. It featured music by composer Pauline Oliveros.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.