hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MK-2870
MK-2870 or SKB264 is an experimental antibody–drug conjugate. The antibody component is directed against "the trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), which is overexpressed in many types of solid tumors, coupled to moderate cytotoxic belotecan-derivative through a novel linker which was designed to balance the extracellular stability and intracellular rupture". The drug is developed as a partnership between Merck and the Chinese company Kelun-Biotech.

Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity refers to the capacity of a substance or agent to cause damage or death to living cells, reflecting a critical parameter in pharmacology, toxicology, and biomedicine. It is distinct from cytostatic effects, which inhibit cell growth and proliferation without causing cell death. Cytotoxic agents can induce a range of cellular responses, including inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and disruption of metabolic or structural cellular integrity. Assessing cytotoxicity is fundamental for evaluating the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, chemicals, and biomaterials, as it helps predict potential adverse effects and guides therapeutic development.

Various assays—based on enzyme activity, membrane permeability, metabolic activity, or cell proliferation—are routinely employed to characterize and quantify cytotoxic effects in vitro, providing essential insights into cell viability and the mechanisms underlying toxic responses.
Dudu Assembly constituency
Dudu Assembly constituency is one of the constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in the Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency.

As on 30 August 2018, there are 229,085 voters (52.55% males and 47.45% females) in the constituency.

Dudu Constituency covers all voters from Dudu Tehsil and part of Phagi Tehsil (4 ILRCs - Phagi, Chauru, Mandor and Nimera).

Mandor
Mandor is an ILRC and a village in Phagi Tehsil in the Jaipur district, Rajasthan.

Mandor has seven patwar circles: Kansel, Pachala, Mandor, Rotwara, Ladana, Sawai Jaisinghpura and Sultaniya.

Based on the 2011 census, Mandor has 158 households with total population of 1,191 (51.89% males, 48.11% females). The total area of the village is 11.55 km2.  There is one primary school in the village.
Revival (Gillian Welch album)
Revival is the first album by American singer-songwriter Gillian Welch, released on April 9, 1996. Revival was nominated for the 1997 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album.

The plant described in the song, "Acony Bell" appears to be Shortia galacifolia, also known as the Oconee bells. Welch later began her own record label under the name Acony. To celebrate the album's 20th anniversary, Welch re-released Revival as Boots No 1: The Official Revival Bootleg which included demos, outtakes and alternate versions of the tracks in addition to eight new songs.

Shortia galacifolia
Shortia galacifolia, the Oconee bells or acony bell, is a rare North American plant in the family Diapensiaceae found in the southern Appalachian Mountains, concentrated in the tri-state border region of Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Additional populations (some of them naturalized) have been found in Alabama, Tennessee, Virginia, and Massachusetts. Shortia  galacifolia has also been reported in Japan, as have three other species of Shortia.
Iain Russell
Iain Thomas Russell (born 14 November 1982) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Russell came through the youth teams at Annan Athletic and Rangers before making a few appearances for Motherwell. Since leaving the Well, Russell has also played for Brechin City, Greenock Morton, Alloa Athletic and Stirling Albion (both loan spells), Livingston, Queen of the South, and Airdrieonians.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
BMPT (art group)
BMPT was a Paris-based late Modern art group formed in the mid-1960s by painters Daniel Buren, Olivier Mosset, Michel Parmentier, and Niele Toroni, which, together with the Supports/Surfaces movement, was one of the main representatives of Minimalism in France in the 1960s.

Minimalism (visual arts)
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Sol LeWitt, Ad Reinhardt, Nassos Daphnis, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, Yves Klein and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic.
Dharmaveer
Dharmaveer is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language biographical political drama film written and directed by Pravin Tarde and produced by Mangesh Desai under the banner of Zee Studios. It covers the story of late Shiv Sena leader Anand Dighe. The film features Prasad Oak, Kshitish Date, Makarand Paddhye, Snehal Tarde and Shruti Marathe in the lead roles.

The film was theatrically released in Indian cinemas on 13 May 2022 and premiered on ZEE5 on 17 June 2022. The film received positive reviews, praising Prasad Oak's performance as Anand Dighe and Pravin Tarde's screenplay, dialogues and direction. Dharmaveer grossed over ₹26 crore (US$3.1 million) at the box office, becoming the third highest grossing Marathi film of 2022. The film went on to win six awards at the 60th Maharashtra State Film Awards, including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actor.

Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor
The Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor is an award, begun in 1962, presented annually at the Maharashtra State Film Awards of India to an actor for best performance in a Marathi cinema. The awardees are decided by a jury constituted every year. They are announced by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister. The inaugural award was named as "Shahu Modak Award for Best Actor" and was awarded to Gajanan Jagirdar for the film Shahir Parshuram.
Kölliken Oberdorf railway station
Kölliken Oberdorf railway station (German: Bahnhof Kölliken Oberdorf) is a railway station in the municipality of Kölliken, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Zofingen–Wettingen line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Kölliken
Kölliken is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.  It was also home to one of the two most toxic hazardous waste landfills in all of Switzerland.   The other site is in Bonfol, Canton Jura.
Khem Bahadur Bam
Khem Bahadur Bum (Nepali: खेम बहादुर बम) is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Doti-2 constituency, winning 10929 votes.

2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)), placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats, and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) with 103 seats. After months of power-sharing discussions and deliberations, CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda was elected as Prime Minister in August 2008. Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on 28 May 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years.
QAF Brunei
QAF Brunei or QAF Brunei Group, is a private limited company under the Baiduri Group, owned by Prince Mohamed Bolkiah, serves as the investment company of the Bruneian royal family. Formerly known as QAF Holdings, the company has built a diverse portfolio spanning multiple sectors in Brunei. Initially founded as a car dealership focusing on the trade and leasing of luxury vehicles, QAF has since broadened its operations to include industrial machinery, fast food, media, supermarkets, and livestock production. With its expansion into China and Myanmar, QAF has become the third-largest employer in Brunei, behind the governmental sector and Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP).

Private limited company
A private limited company is any type of business entity in "private" ownership used in many jurisdictions, in contrast to a publicly listed company, with some differences from country to country. Examples include: the LLC in the United States, private company limited by shares in the United Kingdom, GmbH in Germany and Austria, Besloten vennootschap (BV) in The Netherlands and Belgium, société à responsabilité limitée (SARL) in France, società a responsabilità limitata (S.r.l.) in Italy, and sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (SRL) in the Spanish-speaking world. The benefit of having a private limited company is that there is limited liability.
Henry Norris Russell Lectureship
The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research. The idea for the lectureship came from then society President Harlow Shapley in 1945, who led the fund raising drive to collect $10,000 from the membership. One of the major contributors was the Mexican Ambassador to the United States, as Russell had been an important representative at the dedication ceremony for the Mexican National Observatory. The goal was reached in December 1946, using not a little amount of coercive language by Shapley. The first Russell lecturer was, naturally, fellow American astronomer Henry Norris Russell, for whom the award is named. Russell gave a lecture titled "The Royal Road of Eclipses" concerning eclipsing binary stars.

Tonantzintla Observatory
Tonantzintla Observatory (Spanish: Observatorio de Tonantzintla) is an astronomical observatory located in the municipality of San Andrés Cholula in the Mexican state of Puebla.  It consists of two adjacent facilities: the National Astrophysical Observatory of Tonantzintla (Spanish: Observatorio Astrofísico Nacional de Tonantzintla - OANTON), operated by the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), and the National Astronomical Observatory - Tonantzintla (Spanish: Observatorio Astronómico Nacional - Tonantzintla—OAN - Tonantzintla), operated by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).  OANTON is located on the INAOE campus, which includes numerous other buildings.  OAN - Tonantzintla is located immediately to the east on mostly unused property.  The observatory is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) west of Puebla and 33 kilometres (21 mi) east of Popocatépetl, eruptions of which sometimes interfere with observing.
Eva Arias (model)
Eva Carolina Arias Viñas (born April 1, 1985, in Moca) is a Dominican model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Dominican Republic 2010 and represented her country in the 2010 Miss Universe pageant.

Espaillat Province
Espaillat (Spanish pronunciation: [espajˈʝat], locally [ehpajˈʝat]) is one of the 32 provinces of the Dominican Republic. It is divided into 5 municipalities and its capital city is Moca. Located in north-central Dominican Republic (Cibao), it is bordered by the provinces of La Vega to the south, Santiago and Puerto Plata to the west, and María Trinidad Sánchez to the north-east. The province has a coastline to the north with the Atlantic Ocean. It is named for Ulises Francisco Espaillat (1823–1878), the 19th-century author who was briefly President of the Republic in 1876.
Miitomo
Miitomo was a freemium social networking mobile app developed by Nintendo for iOS and Android devices. The app, Nintendo's first, allowed users to converse with friends by answering various questions, and featured Twitter and Facebook integration. The app was released in March 2016 for iOS and two months later for Android, launching alongside their My Nintendo service. Despite initially being a critical and commercial success, with over ten million downloads worldwide a month after release, its popularity dwindled soon after and it was ultimately discontinued on May 9, 2018.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Buckingham, Iowa
Buckingham is an unincorporated community located near the intersections of Hwy D-65 and U.S. Highway 63 in Buckingham Township, Tama County, Iowa, United States.  It lies 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north of Traer and 11 miles (18 km) south of Hudson.

The postal district covers a large rural community across northern Tama County and southern Black Hawk County including such notable neighborhoods as Hickory Hollow and the old Geneseo school district.

U.S. Route 63
U.S. Route 63 (US 63) is a 1,286-mile (2,070 km), north–south United States Highway primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States. The southern terminus of the route is at Interstate 20 (I-20) in Ruston, Louisiana; the northern terminus is at US 2 eight miles (13 km) west of Ashland, Wisconsin.
Palaemon paludosus
Palaemonetes paludosus, commonly known as ghost shrimp, glass shrimp, and eastern grass shrimp, is a species of freshwater shrimp from the southeastern United States. They can be considered a keystone species based on the services they provide to their habitat. They are also popular in the domestic aquarium business.

Caridea
The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp or true shrimp (from Ancient Greek καρίς, καρίδος (karís, karídos, "shrimp"), are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Many other animals with similar names – such as the mud shrimp of Axiidea and the boxer shrimp of Stenopodidea – are not true shrimp, but many have evolved features similar to true shrimp.
Mangle
Mangle can refer to:

Mangle (machine), a mechanical laundry aid consisting of two rollers

Box mangle, an earlier laundry mangle using rollers and a heavy weight

Mangled packet, in computing

Mangrove, woody trees or shrubs

Name mangling, in computing

Mangle, an animatronic from the Five Nights at Freddy's game series

Mangled packet
In computer networking, a mangled or invalid packet is a packet—especially IP packet—that either lacks order or self-coherence, or contains code aimed to confuse or disrupt computers, firewalls, routers, or any service present on the network.

Their usage is associated with a type of network attack called a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. They aim to destabilize the network and sometimes to reveal its available services—when network operators must restart the disabled ones. Mangled packets can be generated by dedicated software such as nmap.

As of 2008, most invalid packets are easily filtered by modern stateful firewalls.
Robert Huntley
Robert E. R. Huntley (né Robert Edward Royall Huntley; 1929 – December 10, 2015) was an American attorney, businessman, retired law professor, and former president of Washington and Lee University.

He graduated from Washington and Lee in 1950 and its law school in 1957. He obtained a master's degree in law from Harvard University in 1962. He joined the law faculty of Washington and Lee in 1958, and served as its dean from 1967 to 1968. In 1968 he was named president of the university, a post he held for 15 years.

He practiced law with the Richmond, Virginia, law firm of Hunton & Williams from 1988 until his retirement in 1995. He also served as chairman, president and chief executive officer of Best Products. He also served on the board of directors of Altria Group.

Washington and Lee University
Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US.

Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The institution consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. It hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).
Dario Tadić
Dario Tadić (born 11 May 1990) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a forward for SKN St. Pölten.

Born in Odžak, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia, he decided to play for the Austrian U19 team.

SKN St. Pölten
Sportklub Niederösterreich St. Pölten is an Austrian football club from Sankt Pölten, capital of the Austrian state of Lower Austria. St. Pölten currently play in the Austrian Football Second League, the second tier of the Austrian football league system.
Pierre Gouget
Pierre Gouget (22 March 1932 – 6 July 2003) was a French cyclist who specialized in road racing. In 1952 he finished second in the Tour de Paris. In 1955 he won one stage of the Peace Race. Next year he won the Tour de Normandie and Tour de l'Ouest. He retired in 1960.

Peace Race
The Peace Race (German: Friedensfahrt, Czech: Závod míru, Slovak: Preteky mieru, Russian: Велогонка Мира (Velogonka Mira), Polish: Wyścig Pokoju [ˈvɨɕt͡ɕik pɔˈkɔju], French: Course de la Paix, Italian: Corsa della Pace, Romanian: Cursa Păcii) was a cycling race that was established as the largest event in Eastern Europe after the Second World War. It ended in 2006. A competition resembling the original was reactivated in the Czech Republic in 2013.
Elaga Top Junior
Elaga Top Junior  is a football club based in Nyanza Lac, Makamba County, Burundi. The team plays in the Burundi Ligue A.
The team was originally known as Top Junior Academy but added Elaga after they were promoted to the top league. The team is sponsored by an agricultural and aquaculture company. The team originally from Kayanza County, will be based in Makamba, practice at Nyanza Lac and play at Nkurunziza Peace Park Complex.

Burundi Ligue A
The Burundi Ligue A, also called Primus Ligue for sponsorship reasons, is the highest division in football in Burundi. The league was formed in 1972 and has 16 teams. They play 30 rounds home and away during a season.
Aristotle Metadata Registry
The Aristotle Metadata Registry is commercial Metadata Registry software based on the ISO/IEC 11179 standard for Metadata Registries. It is influenced by the AIHW METeOR Metadata Registry and the Canadian Institute of Health Information Indicator Bank. Aristotle-MDR is designed to describe data holdings databases and associated structural metadata. The Aristotle Metadata Registry was publicly launched at the 2015 IASSIST Conference in Toronto. In 2016, the founders of the Aristotle Metadata Registry were hired by Data61 (a division of CSIRO) to continue development of the platform.

NICTA
NICTA (formerly named National ICT Australia Ltd) was Australia's Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Research Centre of Excellence and is now known as CSIRO's Data61. The term "Centre of Excellence" is common marketing terminology used by some Australian government organisations for titles of science research groups. NICTA's role was to pursue potentially economically significant ICT related research for the Australian economy.

NICTA was structured around groups focused primarily on pure research and implementing those ideas within business teams. When its funding ceased, NICTA merged with Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to form a new entity named CSIRO's Data61 on 28 August 2015.
Barking dog reaction
The "Barking Dog" is an exothermic chemical reaction that results from the ignition of a mixture of carbon disulfide and nitrous oxide. When ignited in a cylindrical tube, the reaction produces a bright flash and a loud "woof" - reminiscent of a barking dog.

In simple terms, the 'Barking Dog' reaction is a combustion process, in which a fuel (carbon disulfide, CS2) reacts with an oxidizing agent (nitrous oxide, N2O), producing heat and elemental sulfur.  The flame front in the reaction is a zone of very hot, luminous gas, produced by the reactants decomposing.

8 N2O + 4 CS2 → S8 + 4 CO2 + 8 N2

In April 1853, Justus von Liebig performed the demonstration in front of the Bavarian royal family; however, the glass container shattered, and shards of glass inflicted minor injuries on the faces of Queen Therese, her son Prince Luitpold, and Liebig himself.

Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria
Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig, Prince Regent of Bavaria (12 March 1821 – 12 December 1912), was the de facto ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, as regent for his nephews, King Ludwig II and King Otto. His regency arose due to his nephews' mental incapacity.