hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reichert value
The Reichert value (also Reichert-Meissl number, Reichert-Meissl-Wollny value or Reichert-Meissl-Wollny number) is a value determined when examining fats and oils. The Reichert value is an indicator of how much volatile fatty acid can be extracted from a particular fat or oil through saponification. It is equal to the number of millilitres of 0.1 normal hydroxide solution necessary for the neutralization of the water-soluble volatile fatty acids distilled and filtered from 5 grams of a given saponified fat. (The hydroxide solution used in such a titration is typically made from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide.)

This number is a useful indicator of non-fat compounds in edible fats, and is especially high in butter.

The value is named for the chemists who developed it, Emil Reichert and Emerich Meissl.

The Polenske value and Kirschner value are related numbers based on similar tests.
The Reichert-Meissel value for milk ranges between 28.5 and 33.

Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash.

Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a prototypical strong base. It has many industrial and niche applications, most of which utilize its caustic nature and its reactivity toward acids. About 2.5 million tonnes were produced in 2023. KOH is noteworthy as the precursor to most soft and liquid soaps, as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals.  It is a white solid that is dangerously corrosive.
Diitabiki
Drietabbetje (or Diitabiki; Sranan Tongo: Dritabiki, Dutch: Drietabbetje) is a Ndyuka village in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. Diitabiki is the residence of the gaanman of the Ndyuka people, since 1950, and the location of the oracle.

Sipaliwini District
Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo. Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana, a part of France.
Bowen Creek (Bourbeuse River tributary)
Bowen Creek is a stream in Phelps, Crawford and Gasconade counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Bourbeuse River.

The stream headwaters arise in Crawford County adjacent to the Crawford-Phelps county line at 38°05′39″N 91°31′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.09417°N 91.52500°W﻿ / 38.09417; -91.52500 and the stream flows north along and crossing the county line several times before crossing into Gasconade County to its confluence with the Bourbeuse River at 38°09′59″N 91°32′28″W﻿ / ﻿38.16639°N 91.54111°W﻿ / 38.16639; -91.54111. The confluence is 1.5 mile west of Jake Prairie and two miles southeast of Redbird.

Bowen Creek has the name of Colonel Isaiah Bowen, the proprietor of a local watermill.

Crawford County, Missouri
Crawford County is a county located in the east-central portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 Census, the population was 23,056. Its county seat is Steelville. The county was organized in 1829 and is named after U.S. Senator William H. Crawford of Georgia.

The section of Sullivan which is located in Crawford County is included in the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In 1990, the mean center of U.S. population was located in southwestern Crawford County.

Crawford County was established in 1829 and the County Seat of Steelville was laid out in 1836.
Monash University Faculty of Engineering
The Faculty of Engineering at Monash University is one of the largest engineering faculties in Australia, with over 6,700 students in 2015.

The faculty was established when the university opened in 1961.

It offers both undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including bachelor's degrees, Masters by coursework and research and PhDs. Undergraduate students can choose from thirteen engineering specialisations at the end of their first year.

Formula SAE Australasia
Formula SAE Australasia (FSAE-A) is the Australian event of the US-based Formula SAE and has been running since 2000 by SAE Australasia. The 2023 event will be held at Calder Park Raceway, in Calder Park, Victoria, Australia from 14-17 December.

The competition was originally scheduled at Winton Motor Raceway, in the rural town of Benalla, Victoria, Australia from 7-10 December. However, this was first moved to the 14-17 of December, before being replaced by Calder Park, sticking with the new date.
Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden
The Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden (0.3 acres) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's Shadyside section is a Biblical botanical garden.

Opened and free to the public since 1987 from June 1 through September 15. It was founded by Rabbi Walter Jacob and his wife horticulturalist Irene Jacob. It now displays more than 100 plants once grown in ancient Israel, including cedars, dates, figs, olives, and pomegranates. All are labeled with biblical verses, or their biblical name. The garden also includes a waterfall, desert, and a representation of the Jordan River from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.  It produces a new show on ancient Near Eastern horticulture each summer.

The garden is on the grounds of the Rodef Shalom Congregation, which houses Western Pennsylvania's oldest Jewish congregation, dating back to the 1840s.

Shadyside (Pittsburgh)
Shadyside is a neighborhood in the East End of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It has three zip codes (15206, 15213, and 15232) and representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 8 (East Central Neighborhoods). Shadyside is drawn from the name of a 19th-century Pennsylvania Railroad station in the area, which was named for its shady lanes.

Notable neighborhood institutions include UPMC Shadyside hospital, a member of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Chatham University, which is located just across the southern edge of the neighborhood in Squirrel Hill, along with Pittsburgh Center for the Arts, which sits inside Mellon Park.
Shopsy's
Shopsy's is a Jewish delicatessen restaurant chain in the Greater Toronto Area and a brand name owned by Maple Leaf Foods for a line of meat products. Originally a deli in the former Toronto Jewish area on Spadina Avenue from 1921 to 1983, it moved to Toronto's entertainment and business districts on Yonge and Front Streets in 1983. In the late 1940s, the business expanded into the production of deli meat products for both the home and business markets. Today, the main Deli is located at Toronto's Sheraton Centre and Maple Leaf Foods continue to sell Shopsy's branded hot dogs.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Lanark (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Lanark was a royal burgh that returned one commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and to the Convention of Estates.

After the Acts of Union 1707, Lanark, Linlithgow, Peebles and Selkirk formed the Lanark district of burghs, returning one member between them to the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Convention of the Estates of Scotland
The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially, it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Convention of Estates differed from Parliament in that it could be summoned by the King for the limited purpose of raising taxation, but could not pass other legislation.

Like its predecessor General Council it played an important role in political and legislative affairs in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

During the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish Privy Council asked the King of England, William of Orange, to summon the Convention of Estates of 1689 to determine the throne of Scotland.  It offered it to William and Mary, adopting the Articles of Grievances and Claim of Right Act 1689, and transformed itself into a full parliament.
Herr, deine Augen sehen nach dem Glauben, BWV 102
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Herr, deine Augen sehen nach dem Glauben (Lord, Your eyes look for faith), BWV 102 in Leipzig for the tenth Sunday after Trinity and it was first performed  on 25 August 1726.

Soli Deo Gloria (record label)
Soli Deo Gloria is a British record label which releases recordings of the Monteverdi Choir and other ensembles conducted by Sir John Eliot Gardiner. It was founded in order to release recordings made during the Bach Cantata pilgrimage that took place in the year 2000. According to its website, the name Soli Deo Gloria is drawn from the initials that Johann Sebastian Bach appended at the end of each of his cantatas, dedicating them to the "glory of God alone".
The label is a not-for-profit organisation.
Jarich Bakker
Jarich Hendrik Bakker (born 29 March 1974) competed as a track cyclist for the Netherlands at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Born in Leeuwarden, he participated in the men's team pursuit at the 1996 Summer Olympics, finishing 12th.

Cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit
The men's team pursuit event in cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics competition consisted of matches between two teams of four cyclists.  The teams started at opposite ends of the track. They had 16 laps (4 kilometres) in which to catch the other cyclist. If neither was caught before one had gone 16 laps, the times for the distance (based on the third rider of the team to cross the line) were used to determine the victor.
Rashawn
Rashawn is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Rashawn Dally (born 1997), Jamaican-American football player

Rashawn Griffin (born 1980), American visual artist, educator

Rashawn Jackson (born 1987), American football player

Rashawn McCarthy (born 1989), Filipino-American basketball player

Rashawn Ray, American sociologist

Rashawn Ross (born 1979), American trumpeter and arranger

Rashawn Scott (disambiguation), multiple people

Rashawn Slater (born 1999), American football player

RaShawn Stores (born 1991), American basketball coach and player

Rashawn Thomas (born 1994), American basketball player

RaShawn Stores
RaShawn Stores (born April 5, 1991) is an American basketball coach and player who is currently an assistant coach for the NJIT Highlanders basketball team. Stores was previously the interim head coach of the Manhattan Jaspers during the 2022–23 season. Stores also played basketball for Manhattan collegiately from 2012 to 2016.
NiuTrans
NiuTrans is a machine translation system. It has a platform, an API, and two open-source translation systems.
It is developed by the Natural Language Processing Group at Northeastern University (China).

Northeastern University (China)
Northeastern University (NEU) is a public university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, SASTIND, Liaoning Provincial People's Government, and Shenyang Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Van Stadensrus
Van Stadensrus is a settlement in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality in the Free State province of South Africa.

The settlement is some 30 km south of Wepener and 35 km north-north-west of Zastron. It was laid out on the farm Mook in 1920 and proclaimed in 1925. Named after its founder, M H van Staden, who purchased the farm in 1908 and built the Egmeni or Egmont Dam nearby.

Free State (province)
The Free State is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bloemfontein, which is also South Africa's judicial capital. Its historical origins lie in the Boer republic called the Orange Free State and later the Orange Free State Province.
5th Army (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
The 5th Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded five divisions and two independent detachments during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II. It was commanded by General Vladimir Cukavac, and was responsible for the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border.

Žeravino
Žeravino (Serbian Cyrillic: Жеравино) or Zheravino is a divided village in easternmost Serbia and westernmost Bulgaria. The Bulgarian half of the village is part of Kyustendil municipality, Kyustendil Province, whereas the Serbian part belongs to Bosilegrad municipality, Pčinja District.

According to the 2011 census, the Bulgarian part of village has a population of 3 people. According to the 2002 census, the Serbian village has a population of 21 people.
Irene Siragusa
Irene Siragusa (born 23 June 1993) is an Italian sprinter, who participated at the 2015, 2017 and 2019 World Athletics Championships. She won two individual medals at the 2017 Summer Universiade. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, in 4 × 100 m relay.

2017 Summer Universiade
The 2017 Summer Universiade (Chinese: 2017年夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Èr líng yī qī Nián Xiàjì Shìjiè Dàxué Yùndònghuì), officially known as the XXIX Summer Universiade (Chinese: 第二十九屆夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Dì èrshíjiǔ jiè xiàjì shìjiè dàxué yùndònghuì) and commonly called Taipei 2017 (Chinese: 台北2017; pinyin: Táiběi Èr líng yī qī), was a multi-sport event, sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Taipei, Taiwan. It took place from August 19 to August 30, 2017.
José María Bocanegra
José María de los Dolores Francisco Germán del Espíritu Santo Bocanegra y Villalpando (Spanish pronunciation: [xosemaˈɾia βokaˈneɣɾa]; 25 May 1787 – 23 July 1862) was a Mexican lawyer and statesman who was briefly interim president of Mexico in December 1829 during a coup attempt against president Vicente Guerrero.  He previously served in various government positions, including President of the Chamber of Deputies and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Zacatecas.

He was appointed interim president by congress while President Guerrero personally led his troops against the insurrection. Five days later the rebels stormed the National Palace and overthrew Bocanegra, upon which they set up an executive triumvirate led by Pedro Vélez.

Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas, is one of the 31 states of Mexico. It is divided into 58 municipalities and its capital city is Zacatecas.

It is located in north-central Mexico and is bordered by the states of Durango to the northwest, Coahuila to the north, Nayarit to the west, San Luis Potosí and Nuevo León to the east, and Jalisco, Guanajuato and Aguascalientes to the south. The state is best known for its rich deposits of silver and other minerals, its colonial architecture and its importance during the Mexican Revolution. Its main economic activities are mining, agriculture and tourism.
Edward the Black Prince (play)
Edward the Black Prince is a 1750 historical play by the British writer William Shirley. Written in the style of Shakespeare, it portrays the life of Edward the Black Prince an English leader in the Hundred Years War and father of Richard II.

The original Drury Lane cast included David Garrick as Edward, Spranger Barry as Lord Ribemont, Edward Berry as Cardinal Perigot, John Sowdon as King John, William Havard as Arnold, Richard Winstone as Charney, Thomas King as Duke of Athens and John Palmer as Audley.

History (theatrical genre)
History is one of the three main genres in Western theatre alongside tragedy and comedy, although it originated, in its modern form, thousands of years later than the other primary genres. For this reason, it is often treated as a subset of tragedy.  A play in this genre is known as a history play and is based on a historical narrative, often set in the medieval or early modern past. History emerged as a distinct genre from tragedy in Renaissance England. The best known examples of the genre are the history plays written by William Shakespeare, whose plays still serve to define the genre. History plays also appear elsewhere in Western literature, such as Thomas Heywood's Edward IV, Schiller's Mary Stuart or the Dutch national poet Joost van den Vondel's play Gijsbrecht van Aemstel.
Million Tongues Festival
Million Tongues Festival is a Chicago-based music festival organized by artist, writer, and musician, Plastic Crimewave often hosted by Empty Bottle. The festival showcases national and international folk, experimental and "cult" musicians from the '60s, '70s, '80s and beyond. It has been called Chicago's "annual convergence of freak-folksters and grassroots noisicians" The festival has seen performances by Bert Jansch, Peter Walker, Michael Chapman, LSD March, Michael Yonkers, Simon Finn and Terry Reid, among others.

Simon Finn (musician)
Simon Finn (born 4 March 1951) is an English psychedelic folk musician  in Godalming, Surrey. He has played shows with Current 93, Graham Coxon, Thurston Moore, Antony and the Johnsons, Blood on a Feather and more.
Belaïd Abrika
Belaïd Abrika (Arabic: بلعيد عبريكا, born December 10, 1969, in Tizi Ouzou) is a professor of economics at the Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-Ouzou. He has become one of the best-known modern Kabyles through his role as a leader and spokesperson of the Arouch (Comité des Âarouchs, Daïras et communes or CADC) protest movement in the region of Kabylie in Algeria.

He has been arrested several times because of his association with Arouch. In September 2003 he was arrested and beaten by police during a protest of recent government actions to suppress independent newspapers. On August 10, 2004, Abrika was arrested again by Tizi-Ouzou police during a protest at a hospital. He was imprisoned for 28 days.

In November 2022, he was sentenced to one year in prison for commemorating the Berber Spring and the Black Spring.

Black Spring (Algeria)
The Black Spring (Kabyle: Tafsut Taberkant) was a series of protests and political demonstrations by Kabyle activists in the Kabylie region of Algeria in 2001, which were met by repressive and violent police measures and became a potent symbol of Kabyle discontent with the national government. The protests took place against a backdrop of long-standing cultural marginalization of the Highlander Kabyle, a homogeneous Berber linguistic group in Algeria (Berber speakers form some 25%–35% of the total population, although exact numbers are disputed) despite the most rigid government-sponsored Arabization measures of the 1960s through the 1980s having been lifted. The name "Black Spring" alludes to the events known as the Berber Spring of the 1980s, in which mainly Kabyle civil society activists challenged the ban on Berber culture then in place, demanding cultural rights and democracy.
2015 New Mexico flash floods
There were two notable flash floods that occurred in New Mexico in 2015, along with several minor flash floods and flash flood warnings. The two notable floods are the following:

2015 Philmont Scout Ranch flash flood, on June 27

2015 Ghost Ranch flash flood, on July 7

2015 Ghost Ranch flash flood
On the evening of 7 July 2015, a flash flood occurred as a result of a large storm in the art education and retreat center Ghost Ranch, which is near Abiquiú, New Mexico, United States. There were several hundred people at the ranch during the flood, but the flood did not cause any injuries or deaths. The flood caused the destruction of several facilities on the ranch, which are planned to eventually be reconstructed.
Royal supporters of England
The royal supporters of England are the heraldic supporter creatures appearing on each side of the royal arms of England. The royal supporters of the monarchs of England displayed a variety, or even a menagerie, of real and imaginary heraldic beasts, either side of their royal arms of sovereignty, including lion, leopard, panther and tiger, antelope and hart, greyhound, boar and bull, falcon, cock, eagle and swan, red and gold dragons, as well as the current unicorn.

Menagerie
A menagerie is a collection of captive animals, frequently exotic, kept for display; or the place where such a collection is kept, a precursor to the modern zoo or zoological garden.

The term was first used in 17th-century France, referring to the management of household or domestic stock. Later, it came to be used primarily in reference to aristocratic or royal animal collections. The French-language Methodical Encyclopaedia of 1782 defines a menagerie as an "establishment of luxury and curiosity". Later on, the term referred also to travelling animal collections that exhibited wild animals at fairs across Europe and the Americas.
Jean-Baptiste Bethune
Jean-Baptiste Bethune (April 25, 1821 – June 18, 1894) was a Belgian architect, artisan and designer who played a pivotal role in the Belgian and Catholic Gothic Revival movement. He was called by some the "Pugin of Belgium", with reference to the influence on Bethune of the English Gothic Revival architect and designer, Augustus Pugin.

Tournai
Tournai (/tʊərˈneɪ/ toor-NAY, French: [tuʁnɛ] ⓘ; Picard: Tornai; Walloon: Tornè [tɔʀnɛ] ⓘ; Dutch: Doornik [ˈdoːrnɪk] ⓘ, sometimes anglicised in older sources as "Tournay") is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the Province of Hainaut, Belgium. It lies 89 km (55 mi) by road southwest of the centre of Brussels on the river Scheldt, and is part of Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai, In 2022, the municipality of Tournai had an estimated population of 68,518 people.

Tournai is one of the oldest cities in Belgium and has played an important role in the country's cultural history. It was the first capital of the Frankish Empire, with Clovis I being born here.
Shōzui Station
Shōzui Station (勝瑞駅, Shōzui-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Aizumi, Itano District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "T03".

Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.