hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claussen House
Claussen House, also known as the Howard-Harllee-Claussen House, is a historic plantation house located near Florence, Florence County, South Carolina.  It was built about 1830, and is a raised cottage with early-19th century Greek Revival architecture and late-19th century Italianate style alterations and additions.  Also on the property are a contributing smoke house, gardener's cottage, hothouse/greenhouse, chicken coop/outhouse, and carriage shed.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Florence, South Carolina
Florence /ˈflɒrəns/ is a city in and the county seat of Florence County, South Carolina, United States. It lies at the intersection of Interstates 20 and 95 and is the eastern terminus of the former. It is the primary city within the Florence metropolitan area. The area forms the core of the historical Pee Dee region of South Carolina, which includes the eight counties of northeastern South Carolina, along with sections of southeastern North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 39,899, making it the 10th-most populous city in the state.

Florence is one of the major cities in South Carolina. In 1965, Florence was named an All-American City, presented by the National Civic League. The city was founded as a railroad hub and became the junction of three major railroad systems, including the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northeastern, and the Cheraw and Darlington.
Helga Nowotny
Helga Nowotny (born 9 August 1937) is professor emeritus of Social Studies of Science, ETH Zurich. She has held numerous leadership roles on Academic boards and public policy councils, and she has authored many publications in the social studies of science and technology.

MIT Press
The MIT Press is the university press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The MIT Press publishes a number of academic journals and has been a pioneer in the open access movement in academic publishing.
Jakubowice, Opatów County
Jakubowice [jakubɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ożarów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south of Ożarów, 18 km (11 mi) east of Opatów, and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Nancy Astor (TV series)
Nancy Astor is a British television series which originally aired on BBC Two in 1982. It portrays the career of Nancy Astor, the American-born socialite and Conservative Party politician who pioneered the role of women in the House of Commons.

Margot Asquith
Emma Alice Margaret Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (née Tennant; 2 February 1864 – 28 July 1945), known as Margot Asquith, was a British socialite and author. She was married to British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith from 1894 to his death in 1928. Known for her wit, in late Victorian society she was a member of the famed aristocratic group of intellectuals called "The Souls". An opponent of women's suffrage, whose autobiography was lampooned, Lady Oxford and Asquith was a controversial yet colourful character in her time.
Schomer Lichtner
Schomer Lichtner (March 18, 1905 – May 9, 2006) was an American painter, printmaker, and art teacher, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Known for his Regionalist murals and humorous paintings featuring cows and ballet dancers, Lichtner was married to Wisconsin artist Ruth Grotenrath for over fifty years, and their works were often included together in exhibitions.

Regionalism (art)
American Regionalism is an American realist modern art movement that included paintings, murals, lithographs, and illustrations depicting realistic scenes of rural and small-town America, primarily in the Midwest. It arose in the 1930s as a response to the Great Depression, and ended in the 1940s due to the end of World War II and a lack of development within the movement. It reached its height of popularity from 1930 to 1935, as it was widely appreciated for its reassuring images of the American heartland during the Great Depression.

Despite major stylistic differences between specific artists, Regionalist art in general was in a relatively conservative and traditionalist style that appealed to popular American sensibilities, while strictly opposing the perceived domination of French art.
David Cameron (rower)
David Allan Cameron (born 11 March 1974) is an Australian former rower. He was an Australian national champion and an Olympian, and won a silver medal at both junior and senior World Rowing Championships.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.
My Generation (Australian game show)
My Generation is a general knowledge trivia show. Hosted by Jeff Phillips and later Tony Johnston on the Nine Network in 1995–1996, each episode would be played by two 2-member teams, each consisting of a kid and an adult.

There would be a board of general topics and both teams would try to answer a question to determine who got to pick the topic. 30 seconds was given to answer a series of questions on that topic and would keep going until all the options had gone.

Then there would be a round where both generations would play a video game where they would switch over in between, mostly Ridge Racer and Extreme Games on PlayStation.

Then in the final round, the teams were given 90 seconds of questions.

ESPN Extreme Games
ESPN Extreme Games (released in Japan as ESPN Street Games) is a game released for the PlayStation in 1995. A version was released for MS-DOS a short time later. The game featured all the sports included in the Summer X-Games of 1995, but it did not feature events such as the half pipe in skateboarding. It was similar to Road Rash, which was a game published by Electronic Arts. The game was followed by two sequels, 2Xtreme and 3Xtreme.

Like other titles released during the console's early life, the game was available in a large CD jewel case, like the ones used for the Sega CD and Sega Saturn games.

The game was subsequently re-released under the title of 1Xtreme (as a way of indicating it's a predecessor to 2Xtreme) under the Greatest Hits line, as the ESPN license had expired. The ESPN logo and company name were removed from its title, and game content referring to ESPN was removed as well.
Edward Burghall
Edward Burghall (died 8 December 1665) was an English ejected minister, a Puritan who supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. He is known for a diary called  "Providence improved", which describes the state of Cheshire throughout the English Civil War. From this diary the main facts of Burghall's life can also be gathered.

Battle of Nantwich
53°04′51″N 2°32′40″W﻿ / ﻿53.08096°N 2.54445°W﻿ / 53.08096; -2.54445

The Battle of Nantwich was fought on 25 January 1644 in Cheshire during the First English Civil War. In the battle, Sir Thomas Fairfax in command of a Parliamentarian relief force defeated Lord Byron and the Royalists.

The Parliamentarian victory halted a series of Royalist successes in the area and was a major setback to King Charles' planned military campaign for 1644.
1977–78 Northampton Town F.C. season
The 1977–78 season was Northampton Town's 81st season in their history and the first season back in the Fourth Division following relegation the previous season. In addition to competing in Division Four, the club also participated in the FA Cup and League Cup.

1976–77 Northampton Town F.C. season
The 1976–77 season was Northampton Town's 80th season in their history and the first season back in the Third Division following promotion the previous season. Alongside competing in Division Three, the club also participated in the FA Cup and League Cup.
Peter Dahlman
Peter Dahlman (born (1960-12-28)December 28, 1960 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Norwegian male curler and coach.

As a coach of Norwegian wheelchair curling team he participated in 2018 Winter Paralympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics.

Wheelchair curling at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
The wheelchair curling competition of the 2018 Winter Paralympics was held from 10 to 17 March 2018 at the Gangneung Gymnasium in Gangneung, South Korea. For the first time, twelve mixed teams will compete at the Winter Paralympics.
Port of Port Talbot
The Port of Port Talbot is located on the River Afan estuary next to Port Talbot Steelworks in the industrial town of Port Talbot, South Wales. The whole basin complex covers about 500 acres (2.0 km2), consisting of: an inner set of floating docks, developed from 1834 onwards; and an outer tidal basin, completed in 1970. Owned and operated by Associated British Ports, the tidal basin has the deepest berthing facilities in the Severn estuary and is one of only a few harbours in the UK capable of handling Capesize vessels of up to 170,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT), mostly for the import of iron ore and coal for use by nearby Port Talbot Steelworks.

Capesize
Capesize ships are the largest dry cargo ships with ball mark dimension: about 170,000 DWT (deadweight tonnage) capacity, 290 m (950 ft) long, 45 m (148 ft) beam (wide), 18 m (59 ft) draught (under water depth).  They are too large to transit the Suez Canal (Suezmax limits) or Panama Canal (Neopanamax limits), and so have to pass either Cape Agulhas or Cape Horn to traverse between oceans.

When the Suez Canal was deepened in 2009, it became possible for some capesize ships to transit the canal and so change categories.
Mother Is a Freshman
Mother Is a Freshman is a 1949 American technicolor comedy film directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Loretta Young, Van Johnson and Rudy Vallée. It was produced and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design by Kay Nelson.

Academy Award for Best Costume Design
The Academy Award for Best Costume Design is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for achievement in film costume design.

The award was first given in 1949, for films made in 1948. Initially, separate award categories were established for black-and-white films and color films. Since the merger of the two categories in 1967, the Academy has traditionally avoided giving out the award to films with a contemporary setting.
Ludlam (surname)
Ludlam is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Ludlam (1810–1877), British-New Zealand politician

Charles Ludlam (1943–1987), American actor

Jenny Ludlam (born 1951), New Zealand actress

Lewis Ludlam (born 1995), English rugby union player

Scott Ludlam (born 1970), Australian politician

Steve Ludlam (born 1955), English footballer

Thomas Ludlam (1727–1811), English clergyman

Thomas Ludlam (1775–1810), British colonial administrator

William Ludlam (1717–1788), English clergyman

Scott Ludlam
Scott Ludlam (born 10 January 1970) is an Australian former politician. A member of the Australian Greens, he was a senator in the Australian Senate from July 2008 to July 2017 and served as deputy leader of the Greens. Ludlam represented the state of Western Australia and resigned when it was found that he had been ineligible to sit in the Senate due to holding dual citizenship of New Zealand and Australia.
Minardi M188
The Minardi M188 was a Formula One car designed by Giacomo Caliri and Aldo Costa for use by the Minardi team in the 1988 Formula One World Championship and, when updated as the M188B, in the first three races of the 1989 Championship. The car was driven by Spaniards Adrián Campos and Luis Pérez-Sala, and Italian Pierluigi Martini.

Adrián Campos
Adrián Campos Suñer (17 June 1960 – 27 January 2021) was a Spanish Formula One driver. He participated in 21 Grands Prix, debuting on 12 April 1987, without scoring a championship point. He later moved into team management, with more success. He was the founder of the Campos Meta Formula One team (later known as HRT), which competed in Formula One from 2010 to 2012. He founded Campos Racing in 1998.
Pali, Darbhanga
Pali is a village located in the Ghanshyampur block of Darbhanga district in the Indian state of Bihar, India. Pali stands out as one of the most popular villages in the region. Situated approximately 2 km from Ghanshyampur and approximately 49 km from the district headquarter, Darbhanga, Pali is easily accessible by road and is surrounded by a network of villages that contribute to its rural landscape.

Pali, with the PIN code 847427, has its postal head office in Ghanshyampur. Nearby villages include Punhad (3 km), Hanuman Nagar (4 km), Ganoun (5 km), Salahpur Lagma (5 km), and Mansara (6 km). The village is bordered by Alinagar Block to the west, Kiratpur Block also to the west, Gaurabauram Block to the south, and Tardih Block to the north. Additionally, the cities of Jhanjharpur, Supaul, Saharsa, and Madhubani are nearby located to the village. Notably, Pali is situated on the border of Darbhanga and Madhubani districts, with Madhepur in Madhubani district to the north.

Madhubani, India
Madhubani  is a city Municipal Corporation and headquarter of Madhubani district. Madhubani is situated in the Indian state of Bihar. It comes under Darbhanga Division. It is situated at 26 km northeast of Darbhanga City. The Madhuban Raj in Madhubani was created as a consequence. The word "Madhuban" means "forest of honey", from which Madhubani is derived, but sometimes it is also known as "madhu"+"vaani" meaning "sweet" "voice/language".
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Women's mass start
The women's mass start race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Taereung International Ice Rink, in Seoul, South Korea, was held on 23 November 2014.

Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic won the race, while Irene Schouten of the Netherlands came second, and Ivanie Blondin of Canada came third.

Ivanie Blondin
Ivanie Blondin (born April 2, 1990) is a Canadian speed skater. She primarily skates in the long distances of 3000 m and 5000 m and the mass start event. Blondin won a silver medal in the mass start event at the 2015 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships and again at the 2025 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships and a gold medal in the same event at the 2020 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships. She also won the silver medal at the 2020 World Allround Speed Skating Championships. She won a gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's team pursuit, and at the 2026 Winter Olympics, once again in the team pursuit discipline.
Hob (hearth)
In a kitchen the hob is a projection, shelf, grate or bench for holding food or utensils at the back or side of a hearth (fireplace) to keep them warm, or an internal chimney-corner.  In modern British English usage, the word refers to a cooktop or hotplate, as distinguished from an oven.

Hot plate
A hot plate or hotplate is a heated flat surface on a stove or electric cooker on which food may be cooked, either built into an electric cooker or kitchen stove, or portable, plugged into an electric outlet.

Hot plates can also be used as a heat source in laboratories.
1970 Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
The 1970 Úrvalsdeild karla was the 19th season of the top tier men's basketball league on Iceland, then known as 1. deild karla. The season started on January 4, 1970 and ended on March 21, 1970.

ÍR won their tenth title by beating Ármann 2-0 in the playoffs finals for championship. KR finished in third place after beating KFR, two games to none, in a best-of-three series.

Þórir Magnússon led all players in scoring during the regular season, scoring 292 points in 10 games, or 29.2 points per game.

Ármann (men's basketball)
The Ármann men's basketball team, commonly known as Ármann, is the men's basketball department of Ármann multi-sport club and is based in Reykjavík, Iceland. It won its lone national championship in 1976.
Operation Accomplishment
Operation Security also known as Operation Accomplishment (Lushai: Khawkhawm) was a military plan devised by Indian Field Marshall Sam Manekshaw during the Mizo Insurgency in 1967.

Between 1967 and 1969, the rural population of Mizoram, comprising 80% of the district, was forcibly removed from their homes. From a total of 764 villages, 516 were evacuated, and 138 remained ungrouped.

Mizo language
Mizo also known as Duhlián ṭawng is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Mizoram, where it is the official language and lingua franca. It is the mother tongue of the Mizo people and some members of the Mizo diaspora. Other than Mizoram, it is also spoken in Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, and Assam states of India, Sagaing Region and Chin State in Myanmar, and Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. It is mainly based on the Lusei dialect but it has also derived many words from its surrounding Mizo clans such as Hmar, Pawi, etc.

The language is also known as Duhlian and Lushai, a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizo people to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion.
Fujiwara no Hidesato
Fujiwara no Hidesato (藤原 秀郷) was a Japanese aristocrat, courtier, folk hero and samurai lord of the tenth century in the Heian period. He is famous for his military exploits and courage, and is regarded as the common ancestor of numerous clans, including the Ōshū branch of the Fujiwara clan.

Hidesato served under Emperor Suzaku, and fought alongside Taira no Sadamori in 940 in suppressing the revolt of Taira no Masakado. His prayer for victory before this battle is commemorated in the Kachiya Festival. Hidesato was then appointed Chinjufu shōgun (Defender of the North) and Governor of Shimotsuke Province.

According to legend, he slew a giant centipede in Ōmi Province that plagued the Dragon Palace. He was also nicknamed Tawara Tōda.

Shimotsuke Province
Shimotsuke Province (下野国, Shimotsuke no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi.moꜜ.tsɯ̥.ke (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Tochigi Prefecture. Shimotsuke was bordered by Kōzuke, Hitachi, Mutsu and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Yashū (野州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Shimotsuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Tochigi. The Ichinomiya of the province is the Futarasan jinja located in what is now the city of Utsunomiya.
Fredolfo
Fredolfo is an 1819 historical tragedy by the Irish writer Charles Maturin. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 12 May 1819. The original cast included William Macready as Wallenberg, Charles Mayne Young as Fredolfo, Charles Kemble as Aldemar, Frederick Henry Yates as Berthold, Charles Connor as Waldo and Elizabeth O'Neill as Urilda. Maturin dedicated the published version to the Duke of Leinster, which was published by Archibald Constable. The work was considered a failure which failed to recaptured the success of his earlier Bertram and Maturin turned back to writing novels.

History (theatrical genre)
History is one of the three main genres in Western theatre alongside tragedy and comedy, although it originated, in its modern form, thousands of years later than the other primary genres. For this reason, it is often treated as a subset of tragedy.  A play in this genre is known as a history play and is based on a historical narrative, often set in the medieval or early modern past. History emerged as a distinct genre from tragedy in Renaissance England. The best known examples of the genre are the history plays written by William Shakespeare, whose plays still serve to define the genre. History plays also appear elsewhere in Western literature, such as Thomas Heywood's Edward IV, Schiller's Mary Stuart or the Dutch national poet Joost van den Vondel's play Gijsbrecht van Aemstel.
Groklaw
Groklaw was a website that covered legal news of interest to the free and open source software community. Started as a law blog on May 16, 2003, by paralegal Pamela Jones ("PJ"), it covered issues such as the SCO-Linux lawsuits, the EU antitrust case against Microsoft, and the standardization of Office Open XML.

Jones described Groklaw as "a place where lawyers and geeks could explain things to each other and work together, so they'd understand each other's work better".

Its name derives from "grok", roughly meaning "to understand completely", which had previously entered geek slang.

Other topics covered included software patents, DMCA, the actions of the RIAA against alleged illegal file sharers, and actions against free and open software such as Android and Linux.

Microsoft Corp. v European Commission
Microsoft Corp. v Commission of the European Communities (2007; T-201/04) is a case brought by the European Commission of the European Union (EU) against Microsoft for abuse of its dominant position in the market (according to competition law). It started as a complaint from Sun Microsystems over Microsoft's licensing practices in 1993, and eventually resulted in the EU ordering Microsoft to divulge certain information about its server products and release a version of Microsoft Windows without Windows Media Player. The European Commission especially focused on the interoperability issue.
Jeffrey Lieber
Jeffrey Michael Lieber is an American screenwriter for both television and film. He is credited as a co-creator of the television series Lost. In addition to writing for television and film, Lieber blogged (through 2016) at the website dailykos. His blog posts appeared as "diaries" rather than front-page posts and typically had a satirical take on the news.

Daily Kos
Daily Kos (/koʊz/ KOHZ) is a group blog and internet forum focused on the U.S. Democratic Party and on liberal and progressive American politics. The site publishes blog posts, polls, election and campaign fundraising data, and is considered an example of "netroots" activism.

Daily Kos was founded in 2002 by Markos Moulitsas and takes the name Kos from the last syllable of his first name, his nickname while in the military.