hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rob Nichols
Robert Stanley Nichols (born January 3, 1969) is an American association executive and former public official. He is currently the president and CEO of the American Bankers Association. He was previously president and CEO of the Financial Services Forum from 2005 to 2015 and an assistant secretary at the U.S. Treasury Department during the George W. Bush administration.

The Hill (newspaper)
The Hill, formed in 1994, is an American newspaper and digital media company based in Washington, D.C. Focusing on politics, policy, business and international relations, The Hill's coverage includes the U.S. Congress, the presidency and executive branch, and election campaigns, among other topics. Its stated mission is "nonpartisan reporting on the inner workings of government and the nexus of politics and business," and other sources have confirmed its reputation as a nonpartisan news organization.

The company's primary outlet is TheHill.com. The Hill is additionally distributed in print for free around the Washington, D.C., area, and distributed to all congressional offices. It has been owned by Nexstar Media Group since 2021. In 2020, The Hill was ranked second for online politics readership across all news sites, behind only CNN, remaining ahead of Politico, Fox News, NBCNews.com, and MSNBC. As of October 2025, The Hill attracts about 42 million monthly website visits.
Ernani (1903 La voce del padrone recording)
The recording of Verdi's Ernani in 1903 by La voce del padrone was the first complete opera recording. It was issued on 40 single-sided discs. The first complete orchestral recording, Arthur Nikisch's recording of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, was made in 1913.

Beethoven's 5th (Nikisch recording)
The 1913 recording of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony by the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Arthur Nikisch has been regarded as the first complete recording of a full length orchestral work, attributed by Joseph Szigeti as the first recording of Beethoven's "Fifth". The recording was widely distributed and has been described as having marked an "epochal" change in the music industry. In fact the first recording of Beethoven's "Fifth" was three years earlier, by Friedrich Kark and the Odeon Symphony Orchestra in Berlin in 1910. Both the Kark and Nikisch recordings were cut in performance and the first fully and wholly complete recording of Beethoven's Fifth was only made by Albert Coates around 1920.  Another Fifth by François Ruhlmann and an unnamed orchestra on Pathé 5024 has been variously dated as early as 1912, or possibly 1916.
Self-defense
Self-defense (self-defence) primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.

Force (law)
In law, force means lawful violence, or lawful compulsion. "Forced entry" is an expression falling under the category of unlawful violence; "in force" or "forced sale" would be examples of expressions in the category of lawful compulsion.

When something is said to have been done "by force", it usually implies that it was done by actual or threatened violence ("might"), not necessarily by legal authority ("right").

"Force of arms" is a special case that can be an example of unlawful violence or lawful compulsion dependent on who is exercising the violence (or threat thereof) and their legal right and/or responsibility to do so.

When one citizen threatens another with a weapon without being in danger from the person he or she is threatening, this would be an example of the unlawful expression of force of arms. The same threat expressed by police officer making a lawful arrest would typically be considered lawful compulsion, due to the state having a monopoly on violence.
Aayushi Dholakia
Aayushi Dholakia is an Indian beauty queen, who was crowned as Miss Teen International 2019 on 19 December 2019 in New Delhi, India. She is the first Indian to win the title of Miss Teen International.

Miss Teen International (India)
Miss Teen International is an annual beauty pageant for girls aged 14 to 19 from various countries. The event is organized by the Glamanand Group, a company led by Indian businessman Nikhil Anand.

In August 2025, the pageant took place in Jaipur, India, where Lorena Ruiz from Spain was crowned Miss Teen International 2025.
Fritz Dressel
Fritz Dressel (1 June 1896 – 7 May 1933) was a Communist Party activist in Bavaria, Germany.

Dressel died in the concentration camp at Dachau.   His was one of the first concentration camp deaths to be widely reported after the Nazis took power in Germany, although differences of interpretation persisted over whether he had committed suicide in the concentration camp, as stated on his death certificate, or was "beaten to death", as baldly reported in an English newspaper as early as 1934.

Schwabing
Schwabing (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːbɪŋ] ⓘ) is a borough in the northern part of Munich, the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It is part of the city borough 4 (Schwabing-West) and the city borough 12 (Schwabing-Freimann). The population of Schwabing is estimated at 100,000, making it one of the largest districts of Munich. The main boulevard is Leopoldstraße. (For further information on the Munich boroughs, see Boroughs of Munich.)
Kulada
Kulada (Russian: Кулада; Altay: Кулады, Kuladı) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Kuladinskoye Rural Settlement of Ongudaysky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 467 as of 2016. There are 11 streets.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
Hook with Warsash
Hook with Warsash is a  251.6-hectare (622-acre) Local Nature Reserve west of Fareham in Hampshire. It is owned by Hampshire County Council and managed by Hampshire Countryside Service. It is part of Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar site and  Special Protection Area, of Solent Maritime Special Area of Conservation, and of Lee-on-The Solent to Itchen Estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest.

This nature reserve on the banks of the River Hamble and Southampton Water has diverse habitats, intertidal mud, saltmarsh, grazing marsh, reedbed, scrapes, shingle and woodland. Flora include sea kale, yellow horned poppy, slender hare's ear, marsh marigold, English stonecrop and wild carrot.

Crambe maritima
Crambe maritima, common name sea kale, seakale or crambe, is a species of halophytic (salt-tolerant) flowering plant in the genus Crambe of the family Brassicaceae. It grows wild along the coasts of mainland Europe and the British Isles.

The plant is related to the cabbage and was first cultivated as a vegetable in Britain around the turn of the 18th century. The blanched stems are eaten as a vegetable, and became popular in the mid-19th century.
Kafr Laha, Hama
Kafr Laha, Hama (Arabic: كفر لاها)  is a Syrian village located in Wadi al-Uyun Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Laha, Hama had a population of 379 in the 2004 census.

Wadi al-Uyun Subdistrict
Wadi al-Uyun Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية وادي العيون)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Masyaf District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Wadi al-Uyun Subdistrict had a population of 12,951 in the 2004 census. As of July 2023, the population had increased to 26,955, of whom 6,946 (25.77%) were IDPs.
Tommy's Atonement
Tommy's Atonement is a 1913 American silent film drama produced by Hardee Kirkland. The film stars Harry J. Lonsdale, Adrienne Kroell and Carl Winterhoff.  The film status is uncertain but a release flier survives which is now at the Margaret Herrick Library at the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, it was part of the Charles G. Clarke collection.  The short movie was released on April 10, 1913, the reel was around 600 feet (nearly 200 meters) long and was in the same reel with The Tombs of the Ming Emperors which was set in the Ming Dynasty.

Charles G. Clarke
Charles G. Clarke ASC (March 10, 1899 – July 1, 1983) was an American cinematographer who worked in Hollywood for over 40 years and was treasurer and president (twice: 1948–50 and 1951–53) of the American Society of Cinematographers.
Aspen Valley Health
Aspen Valley Health is a critical access hospital in Aspen, Colorado, in Pitkin County. It is a district hospital governed by an elected board of directors. The hospital is a level III trauma center. It has 25 beds.

Aspen Valley Health has clinics in Basalt and  Snowmass Village. It also has a partnership with the Steadman Philippon Surgery Center, which operates a research institute and orthopedics clinic in Basalt.

Critical access hospital
A critical access hospital (CAH) in the United States is a type of Medicare facility designation for certain rural hospitals, available through a state's rural hospital flexibility program (flex program). These programs allow states to designate small rural hospitals as CAHs if they are sufficiently distant from other facilities, provide 24-hour emergency services, and meet limits on inpatient beds and length of stay. The programs and designations were first authorized by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997.

As of July 2025, there were 1,377 certified critical access hospitals in 45 states; Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey and Rhode Island did not have any CAHs.
McKeesport Area High School
McKeesport Area High School is a public high school located in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, United States. The school, which is located at 1960 Eden Park Boulevard, serves students from Dravosburg, McKeesport, South Versailles, Versailles, and White Oak. The school is a member of The Consortium for Public Education, which is a member of the Public Education Network.

Winter Guard
The Winter Guard (Russian: Зимняя Гвардия, romanized: Zimnyaya Gvardiya) is a fictional team of Russian superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

The Winter Guard are noted for being "Russia's answer to the Avengers". Several members of the group formerly belonged to the Soviet Super-Soldiers, the People's Protectorate, and the Supreme Soviets. Unlike those teams, which were often adversarial towards other costumed superheroes, the Winter Guard is much more heroic and representative in nature.

Unlike other superhero teams, the Winter Guard currently has a rotating pool of candidates to fill one of three roles on the team: Darkstar, Crimson Dynamo, and Red Guardian.
National Association of Manufacturers
The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) is an advocacy group headquartered in Washington, D.C., with additional offices across the United States. It is the nation's largest manufacturing industrial trade association, representing 14,000 small and large manufacturing companies in every industrial sector and in all 50 states. Jay Timmons has led the organization as President and CEO since 2011.

A 2018 Business Insider article described the NAM as "a behemoth in the US capital, receiving unfettered access to the White House and top lawmakers on Capitol Hill". In 2018, House Ways and Means Chairman Kevin Brady commented that passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act would not have happened without leadership from the National Association of Manufacturers.

David Farr (businessman)
David Nelson Farr (born 1955) is an American business executive. He was the chairman and CEO of Emerson Electric Company, a Fortune 500 company.  Farr has worked at the company since 1981 and retired as CEO on Feb 5, 2021. He is married to Lelia Far, with whom he has two children named Andrew and katies, and is a resident of st.louis, Missouri.

On October 25, 2011, IBM announced Farr was elected to its board of directors, and he joined the board on January 1, 2012.
Božo Bakota
Božo Bakota (5 October 1950 – 1 October 2015) was a Croatian footballer who throughout his entire professional football career played only for two football clubs, NK Zagreb and SK Sturm Graz. He played as a midfielder for NK Zagreb and as a forward for SK Sturm Graz during a career spanning from 1971 to 1986.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
1983 Monte Carlo Open
The 1983 Monte Carlo Open (also known as the Jacomo Monte Carlo Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France that was part of the 1983 Volvo Grand Prix. The tournament was held from 28 March through 3 April 1983. Fifth-seeded Mats Wilander won the singles title.

Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
Roquebrune-Cap-Martin (French: [ʁɔk(ə)bʁyn kap maʁtɛ̃]; Occitan: Ròcabruna Caup Martin or Ròcabruna Cap Martin; Mentonasc: Rocabrüna; Italian: Roccabruna-Capo Martino [ˌrɔkkaˈbruːna ˈkaːpo marˈtiːno]), simply Roquebrune until 1921, is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, Southeastern France, between Monaco and Menton. The name was changed from Roquebrune to differentiate the town from Roquebrune-sur-Argens in neighbouring Var.
Madapati Ramachandra Rao
Madapati Ramachandra Rao (born 30 November 1963) is the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Bharat Financial Inclusion Limited. Having joined Bharat Financial Inclusion as Chief Operating Officer in October 2006, he became the MD and CEO four years later.

Prior to BFIL, he was associated with ING Vysya Life Insurance, American Express, Standard Chartered Bank and Esanda Finanz & Leasing Limited. BFIL has expanded its network from 155 branches to nearly 2,000, and the number of borrowers served by the company has increased nearly 20-fold.

Bharat Financial Inclusion
Bharat Financial Inclusion Limited (formerly known as SKS Microfinance Limited) or BFIL is a banking & finance company (NBFC), licensed by the Reserve Bank of India. It was founded in 1997 by Vikram Akula, who served as its executive chair until working. The company's mission is to provide financial services to the poor under the premise that providing financial service to poor borrowers helps to alleviate poverty. In 2011, the company operated across 11 Indian states.
Senez Cathedral
Senez Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Senez) is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral, and national monument of France, in Senez.

It was formerly the seat of the Bishopric of Senez, abolished under the Concordat of 1801, when its territory was added to the Diocese of Digne.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Senez
The former French Catholic diocese of Senez existed from around the fifth or sixth century, until the French Revolution. Its see was at Senez, in southern France, in the modern department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. After the Concordat of 1801 the territory of the diocese was added to that of the diocese of Digne.
Applied kinesiology
Applied kinesiology (AK), also known as muscle testing, is a pseudoscience-based technique in alternative medicine claimed to be able to diagnose illness or choose treatment by testing muscles for strength and weakness.

According to their guidelines on allergy diagnostic testing, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology stated there is "no evidence of diagnostic validity" of applied kinesiology. Another study indicated that the use of applied kinesiology to evaluate nutrient status is "no more useful than random guessing." The American Cancer Society has said that "scientific evidence does not support the claim that applied kinesiology can diagnose or treat cancer or other illness".

Scientific evidence
Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls.
Brachymeles elerae
Brachymeles elerae, also known commonly as the common short-legged skink and the Cordilleras slender skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Philippines. It is found throughout most of the country, albeit very rarely, hence the species is poorly characterized.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as Slobozhanshchyna or Slobozhanshchina, is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed from Belgorod Razriad and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1765, it was converted into the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.

Belgorod Razriad
Belgorod Razriad (rus. Белгородский разряд) was an autonomous military and administrative unit of the Tsardom of Russia, in the 17th-18th centuries, established on the part of former Crimean Khanate territory. Its purpose was the defense against Tatar raids along the so called Belogrod Defense Line (rus. Белгородская черта) and to offer settlement areas for Cossacks based on sloboda privilege.
2023 Masters (darts)
The 2023 PDC Masters (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2023 Cazoo Masters)  was the eleventh staging of the non-ranking Masters darts tournament, held by the Professional Darts Corporation. It was held from 27 to 29 January 2023 at Arena MK in Milton Keynes, England.

Joe Cullen was the defending champion after beating Dave Chisnall 11–9 in the 2022 final, but he lost to Chris Dobey 6–4 in the first round.

Chris Dobey won his first televised title, defeating Rob Cross 11–7 in the final.

The second-round match between Rob Cross and Gary Anderson produced the highest losing and highest combined average in Masters history, with Cross' setting the 2nd highest average at the tournament so far.

Dave Chisnall
David Chisnall (born 12 September 1980) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty-two; he reached a peak ranking of world number five in 2017 and 2024. Nicknamed "Chizzy", he began his career in the British Darts Organisation (BDO) and was the runner-up in the 2010 BDO World Championship. He switched to the PDC a year later where he has since won 26 PDC Pro Tour titles, reached six PDC major finals and represented England at the PDC World Cup on three occasions, making the semi-finals twice.

Chisnall is a two-time runner-up at both the PDC Masters and the World Grand Prix, with his best performance at the PDC World Championship being reaching the semi-finals at the 2021 edition.
Streptomyces cinnamoneus
Streptomyces cinnamoneus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan. Streptomyces cinnamoneus produces duramycin A, duramycin B, duramycin C, carbomycin, cinnomycin and fungichromin.

Pentamycin
Pentamycin, also called fungichromin, is a macrolide antimicrobial.
Pentamycin is a polyene antifungal antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces pentaticus. It is used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis, for the protozoal infection trichomoniasis, and mixed infections. A 3 mg vaginal pessary is inserted once or twice daily for 5-10 days. It is also used to treat pulmonary aspergillosis as a dry powder inhalation system.
Parabolic partial differential equation
A parabolic partial differential equation is a type of partial differential equation (PDE). Parabolic PDEs are used to describe a wide variety of time-dependent phenomena in, for example, engineering science, quantum mechanics and financial mathematics. Examples include the heat equation, time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Black–Scholes equation.

European Mathematical Society
The European Mathematical Society (EMS) is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians. The current president is Jan Philip Solovej, professor at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen.
Balzer
Balzer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur J. Balzer (1895–1962), American merchant

Falk Balzer (born 1973), German athlete

Félix Balzer (1849–1929), French physician

George Balzer (1915–2006), American screenwriter

Johann Balzer (1738–1799), Czech engraver

Karin Balzer (1938–2019), East German athlete

Oswald Balzer (1858–1933), Polish historian

Robert Lawrence Balzer (1912–2011), American wine journalist

Roma Balzer (born 1954), New Zealand community worker

Stephen M. Balzer (c. 1864–1940) Hungarian-American mechanic and inventor

Oswald Balzer
Oswald Marian Balzer (23 January 1858 in Chodorów – 11 January 1933 in Lwów) was a Polish historian of law and statehood who was one of the most renowned Polish historians of his time.

In 1887 he became a professor at the University of Lwów. Between 1895 and 1896 he also briefly served as its rector. Since 1891 until his death he was also the director of City Archives in Lwów. His best work is Genealogia Piastów (1895). In 1888 he was offered a seat in the Polish Academy of Skills, as well as several other scientific societies, both in Poland and abroad. In 1901 he founded the Society for the Support of Polish Science in Lwów (Towarzystwo dla Popierania Nauki Polskiej we Lwowie), the first such society in the city, later to be renamed to Lwow Scientific Society (1920). Among the fields of his studies were the history of Polish statehood and Poland's historical law, as well as the early history of Slavic states.

He was buried in the Łyczakowski Cemetery.