hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paratrooper
A paratrooper or military parachutist is a soldier trained to conduct military operations by parachuting directly into an area of operations, usually as part of a large airborne forces unit. Traditionally paratroopers fight only as light infantry armed with small arms and light weapons, although some paratroopers can also function as artillerymen or mechanized infantry by utilizing field guns, infantry fighting vehicles and light tanks that are often used in surprise attacks to seize strategic positions behind enemy lines such as airfields, bridges and major roads.

Area of operations
In U.S. armed forces parlance, an area of operations (AO) is an operational area defined by the force commander for land, air, and naval forces' conduct of combat and non-combat activities. Areas of operations do not typically encompass the entire operational area of the force commander, but should be large enough for subordinate commanders to accomplish their goals, achieve objectives and missions, and to protect their forces. Within an AO there will typically be one main supply route along which vehicles, personnel and supplies will be transported.
David W. Drake
David William Drake  (November 23, 1834 – October 25, 1909) was a farmer, musician and the founder of the Stonewall Brigade Band. He began the band with Edwin Cushing, and recruited A. J. Turner as the band's first director. Drake moved to Staunton, Virginia in 1854.  He married Kate Murat Slaughter, of Rappahannock County, on April 15, 1868.  The band became part of the 5th Virginia Infantry Regiment.  He played a bugle, and was in the West Augusta Guard (Company L) before the band, and later in the 1st Virginia Cavalry. Jeb Stuart commended his volunteering to perform hazardous scouting duties across the Rappahannock River.

Rappahannock County, Virginia
Rappahannock County is a county located in the northern Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, US, adjacent to Shenandoah National Park. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 7,348. Its county seat and only incorporated town, is Washington. The name "Rappahannock" comes from the Algonquian word lappihanne (also noted as toppehannock), meaning "river of quick, rising water" or "where the tide ebbs and flows." The county is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lê (footballer, born 1984)
Leonardo Hermes Lau or simply Lê (born December 18, 1984, in Santa Cruz do Sul), was a Brazilian attacking midfielder. He used to play for Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo. Now he is a medical student at Universidade de Caxias do Sul.

Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo
Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo, commonly referred to as Novo Hamburgo, is a Brazilian football club based in Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul. It currently plays in Campeonato Gaúcho Série A, the first level of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league.

Novo Hamburgo plays home games at the Estádio do Vale, which has a maximum capacity of 5,196.
Salcedia
Salcedia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

Salcedia africana (Britton, 1947)

Salcedia baroensis Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia coquilhati Alluaud, 1932

Salcedia elongata Alluaud, 1932

Salcedia faillei Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia lukulua Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia matsumotoi Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia miranda (Andrewes, 1920)

Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud, 1930

Salcedia parallela Baehr, 1998

Salcedia perrieri Fairmaire, 1899

Salcedia procera Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia putzeysi (R. Oberthür, 1883)

Salcedia robusta Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia schoutedeni Alluaud, 1930

Salcedia tuberculata Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia unifoveata Balkenohl, 2020

Salcedia utetea Balkenohl, 2020

Herbert Edward Andrewes
Herbert Edward Andrewes (9 November 1863, Reading – 16 December 1950, Highgate) was a stockbroker and an English entomologist who specialised in the order Coleoptera.

Herbert Andrewes was one of four sons of engineer and mayor of Reading Charles James Andrewes and his wife Charlotte Parsons. His elder brother was the pathologist and bacteriologist Sir Frederick William Andrewes.

Andrewes' initial training was at the forestry school in Nancy, France, now INRA. In 1885, he entered the Indian Forest Service. His next post was at the British Museum (Natural History) where he specialised in Carabidae. He was a prolific author, writing over 120 short scientific papers in addition to catalogues, taxonomic works, faunal monographs and identification manuals. Andrewes was a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society from 1910 until his death (Council 1920-22). The society holds his library.
Oh Eun-jin
Oh Eun-jin (born February 26, 1993) is a South Korean curler from Jeonbuk. She won a gold medal at the 2014 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships and a silver medal at the 2014 World Junior Curling Championships.

2014 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships
The 2014 Pacific-Asia Junior Curling Championships was held from January 8 to 14 in Harbin, China. The top finishers of each tournament advanced to the 2014 World Junior Curling Championships in Flims, Switzerland.
GIDS Shahpar-III
The Shahpar-III is a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) designed by NESCOM and marketed by GIDS. It is the third and newest (as of 2025) member of the Shahpar drone family and is designed as a contender to similar systems like the MQ-9 Reaper.

Medium-altitude long-endurance UAV
A medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle flies at an altitude window of 10,000 to 30,000 feet (3,000–9,000 m) for extended durations of time, typically 24 to 48 hours. This list includes both unmanned combat aerial vehicle and unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle.
Courthouse Mountain
Courthouse Mountain is a 12,152-foot-elevation (3,704-meter) mountain summit located on the shared boundary of Hinsdale County with Ouray County, in southwest Colorado, United States. It is situated 10.5 miles east of the community of Ridgway, and south of Owl Creek Pass, in the Uncompahgre Wilderness, on land managed by Uncompahgre National Forest. It is part of the San Juan Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains, and is situated west of the Continental Divide. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises nearly 2,000 feet (610 meters) above West Fork Cimarron River in approximately one-half mile, and with its prominence can be seen from Highway 550 near Ridgway. The mountain's name, which has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, was in use before 1906 when Henry Gannett published it in the Gazetteer of Colorado.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Memory of Water (2022 film)
Memory of Water (Finnish: Veden vartija) is a 2022 Finnish sci-fi drama film directed by Saara Saarela. Based on the novel Memory of Water by Emmi Itäranta, the film takes place in the dystopian future in the Scandinavian Union led by a military government, where there is a shortage of fresh water as a result of an environmental disaster. The film is starring by Saga Sarkola, Mimosa Willamo, Lauri Tilkanen, Pekka Strang and Minna Haapkylä.

The film was shot in 2020 in Estonia, Germany and Norway. The actual production process of the film already started in the fall of 2015, and it was supposed to be in theaters in March 2022, but the corona restrictions moved the premiere to the fall of the same year. The film's budget was €3.4 million.

The film was premiered in Finland on 2 September 2022. It received a mixed reception from critics, partly praising its sharp world-building, while partly criticizing the clichéd plot.

Pekka Strang
Pekka Kristian Strang (born 23 July 1977) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish actor and the artistic director of Lilla Teatern in Helsinki, 2005–2014. He grew up in Vaasa on the Finnish west coast. In 1997 he was admitted to the Theatre Academy of Finland and graduated in 2001. The same year he starred in the movie Drakarna över Helsingfors (English title: Kites over Helsinki) and in 2004 he had a role in Producing Adults. Strang plays the titular character in the 2017 Dome Karukoski film Tom of Finland. Across three seasons he portrayed Stockholm's police chief Toivonen in Bäckström (2020, 2022, 2024). Strang also played the main protagonist "Anlaf" in the Netflix movie "The Last Kingdom Seven Kings Must Die" 2023.

Strang voices the character The Hemulen in Swedish in the Finnish-British animated television family drama Moominvalley (2019–).

In 2021 Strang played main role in video to Beast in Black song "Moonlight Rendezvous".
Eusebio Poncela
Eusebio Poncela Aprea (15 September 1945 – 27 August 2025) was a Spanish screen and stage actor. He developed his career in both his native country and Argentina, featuring in films such as Rapture (1979), Law of Desire (1987), and Martín (Hache) (1997). His work in Intact (2001) earned him a nomination for a Goya Award for Best Actor.

His television career included roles in Los gozos y las sombras, Las aventuras de Pepe Carvalho, Isabel, and Carlos, rey emperador, for which he won an Iris Award for Best Actor.

Goya Award for Best Actor
The Goya Award for Best Actor (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor interpretación masculina protagonista) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in a film.
John Howard Griffin
John Howard Griffin (June 16, 1920 – September 9, 1980) was an American journalist and author from Texas who wrote about and championed racial equality. He is best known for his 1959 project to temporarily pass as a black man and journey through the Deep South in order to see life and segregation from the other side of the color line first-hand. He first published a series of articles on his experience in Sepia magazine, which had underwritten the project, then later published an expanded account in book form, under the title Black Like Me (1961). This was later adapted into a 1964 film of the same name. A 50th anniversary edition of the book was published in 2011 by Wings Press.

Color line (racism)
The term color line was originally used as a reference to the racial segregation that existed in the United States after the abolition of slavery. An article by Frederick Douglass that was titled "The Color Line" was published in the North American Review in 1881. The phrase gained fame after W. E. B. Du Bois' repeated use of it in his 1903 book The Souls of Black Folk.

The phrase sees current usage as a reference to modern racial discrimination in the United States and legalized segregation after the abolition of slavery and the civil rights movement.
Foleyet
Foleyet is an unincorporated community in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, midway between Chapleau and Timmins on Highway 101. The town was created during the construction of the Canadian Northern Railway through the area in the early years of the 20th century.

Foleyet is also the name for the geographic township that contains the community.

A designated place administered by a local services board, Foleyet had a population of 165 in the 2021 Canadian census.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Lake Tekapo (town)
Lake Tekapo (often known simply as Tekapo (Māori: Takapō) to avoid confusion with the lake itself) is a small township located at the southern end of the lake of the same name in the inland South Island of New Zealand. It had 558 residents according to the 2018 census, being one of five settlements in the sparsely populated Mackenzie Basin.

State Highway 8 runs directly through the township – 227 kilometres (141 mi) from Christchurch and 256 kilometres (159 mi) from Queenstown.  Daily shuttle services link Lake Tekapo to Christchurch and Queenstown. The lake is a popular tourist destination, and several resort hotels are located at the township.  Lake Tekapo Airport is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the town where local tourism operator Air Safaris is based. Twizel lies 60 km (39 minutes drive) south of Lake Tekapo via Lake Pukaki and Burkes Pass lies 21 km (15 minutes drive) west along State Highway 8.

Queenstown, New Zealand
Queenstown (Māori: Tāhuna) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand's South Island. It is the seat and largest town in the Queenstown-Lakes District.

The town is on the northwestern edge of Lake Wakatipu, a long, thin, S-shaped lake formed by glacial processes, and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables, Cecil Peak, Walter Peak and, just above the town, Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill. Queenstown is known for its tourism businesses, especially adventure and ski tourism.
Minolta AF Apo Tele 300mm f/2.8
Originally produced by Minolta starting in 1985, then produced by Sony from 2006 until 2022, the AF Apo Tele 300mm f/2.8 is a professional telephoto prime photographic lens compatible with cameras using the Minolta A-mount and Sony A-mount lens mounts. The name indicates it has an apochromatic design and is part of the G series, Minolta's designation for high-performance lenses. Later versions included "High Speed" gearing; starting in 2003, the lens was recomputed with a new optical design and equipped with a focusing distance encoder for the Advance Distance Integration (ADI) flash system.

Apochromat
An apochromat, or apochromatic lens (apo), is a photographic or other lens that has better correction of chromatic and spherical aberration than the much more common achromat lenses.

The prefix apo- comes from the Greek preposition ἀπό-, meaning free from or away from.
Wall Street (1929 film)
Wall Street is an American pre-Code drama film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Ralph Ince, Aileen Pringle, Sam De Grasse, Philip Strange, and Freddie Burke Frederick. Released on December 1, 1929, it was produced by Harry Cohn.

Roy William Neill
Roy William Neill (born Roland de Gostrie, 4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for producing and directing almost all of the Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Pictures.
1956 Baylor Bears football team
The 1956 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1956 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Sam Boyd, the Bears compiled an overall record of 9–2 with a mark of 4–2 in conference play, placing third in the SWC. Baylor was invited to the Sugar Bowl, where the Bears defeated Tennessee. The team played home games at Baylor Stadium in Waco, Texas.

Guard Bill Glass was a consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team. Glass, halfback Del Shofner and end Jerry Marcontell were selected to the All-Southwest Conference team.

1956 All-Southwest Conference football team
The 1956 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1956 college football season.  The selectors for the 1956 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP).  Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.
Cumberland Railway (Pennsylvania)
The Cumberland Railway was an interurban trolley system of the early 20th century in central Pennsylvania. Built in 1908, the line ran 12 miles (19 km) from Carlisle to Newville. Poorly capitalized, the line failed in 1918 and was scrapped.

The line was projected to extend to Harrisburg and Shippensburg, where it would have connected to the Chambersburg and Shippensburg Railway, and through that line to the Chambersburg, Greencastle and Waynesboro Street Railway, providing service from Harrisburg to Maryland.

The CR used a 5 ft 2+1⁄2 in (1,588 mm) broad gauge, similar to other Pennsylvania interurban lines.

Shippensburg, Pennsylvania
Shippensburg is a borough in Cumberland and Franklin counties in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Settled in 1730, Shippensburg lies in the Cumberland Valley, 41 miles (66 km) southwest of Harrisburg, and is part of the Harrisburg metropolitan area. The population was 5,478 at the 2020 census.

Shippensburg was incorporated as a borough on January 21, 1819. In the past, there were furniture factories, engine and pump works, and other industrial works located within the town. Shippensburg is the home of the Beistle Company, the oldest manufacturer of decorations and party goods in the U.S. In May 2012, Volvo Construction Equipment began a $100 million expansion project to bring its American headquarters to Shippensburg.

Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, one of 14 universities of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, is located just north of the borough limits in Shippensburg Township.
William John Cullen
William John Cullen (7 December 1894 – 28 June 1960) was an Irish rugby international. He won one cap against England in 1920. Cullen also played first-class cricket while in British India, playing eight first-class matches for the Europeans cricket team and a combined Europeans and Parsees cricket team. He scored a total of 376 runs in his eight matches, at an average of 31.33 and a high score of 120, which came for the Europeans against the Muslims in the final of the 1927/28 Bombay Quadrangular. Cullen died in England in June 1960 at Hemingford Grey, Huntingdonshire.

Hemingford Grey
Hemingford Grey is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Hemingford Grey lies approximately 4 miles (6 km) east of Huntingdon. Hemingford Grey is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England.
Coquelin Run
Coquelin Run is a tributary of Rock Creek in Montgomery County, Maryland. It rises in the Town of Chevy Chase, runs for about two miles while draining an area of 1,095 acres (1.71 square miles), and debouches in Rock Creek in unincorporated Chevy Chase.

While the stream valley remains largely wooded, it has long been affected by nearby urban and suburban development, and its course has been followed for more than a century by railroads and rail trails. From the 1890s to the 1930s, the stream was dammed to power electric streetcars and to create Chevy Chase Lake, an artificial lake that was the centerpiece of a popular trolley park. In the 1920s, a second dam was installed to create a pond on a golf course.

Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission
The Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC Water) is a bi-county political subdivision of the State of Maryland that provides safe drinking water and wastewater treatment for Montgomery and Prince George's Counties in Maryland except for a few cities in both counties that continue to operate their own water facilities.

The Commission is one of the largest water and wastewater utilities in the United States. WSSC Water serves about 1.9 million people in an approximately 1,000-square-mile (2,600 km2) area. It owns and manages over 11,000 miles (18,000 km) of water and sewer mains.
Gummel plot
In electronics, the Gummel plot is the combined plot of the base and collector electric currents,  and , of a bipolar transistor vs. the base–emitter voltage, , on a semi-logarithmic scale. This plot is very useful in device characterization because it reflects on the quality of the emitter–base junction while the base–collector bias, , is kept constant.

A number of other device parameters can be garnered either quantitatively or qualitatively directly from the Gummel plot:

The common-emitter current gain, , and the common-base current gain, ,

Base and collector ideality factors, ,

Series resistances and leakage currents.

Sometimes the DC current gain, , is plotted on the same figure as well.

Common emitter
In electronics, a common-emitter amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage amplifier. It offers high current gain (typically 200), medium input resistance and a high output resistance. The output of a common emitter amplifier is inverted; i.e. for a sine wave input signal, the output signal is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the input.

In this circuit, the base terminal of the transistor serves as the input, the collector is the output, and the emitter is common to both (for example, it may be tied to ground reference or a power supply rail), hence its name. The analogous FET circuit is the common-source amplifier, and the analogous tube circuit is the common-cathode amplifier.
The Bastard Brother of God
The Bastard Brother of God (Spanish: El hermano bastardo de Dios) is a 1986 drama film directed by Benito Rabal and starring Francisco Rabal, Asunción Balaguer and Agustín González. Based on the autobiographical novel by José Luis Coll, the plot is set in Cuenca, tackling the Spanish Civil War and Franco's rule.

Cuenca, Spain
Cuenca (Spanish: [ˈkweŋka] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha and the capital of the province of Cuenca.

The primitive urban core developed on a narrow escarpment caged between the Júcar and the Huécar rivers, on the western fringes of the Iberian System mountains. It was probably founded towards the 10th century CE, becoming a stronghold of the Arabised Berber lineage of the Banū Zennum, featuring a fortress, Qal'at Kūnka, which was conquered for the Kingdom of Castile in 1177. In the early modern period, the city boasted of a thriving textile and tapestry industry.
Kranich (surname)
Kranich is a German language surname with the meaning crane. Notable people with the surname include:

Burchard Kranich (1515–1578), German mining engineer

Heiki Kranich (1961–2026), Estonian politician

Jami Kranich (born 1992), American soccer player and coach

Nancy C. Kranich, American librarian

Ursula Groden-Kranich (born 1965), German politician

Ursula Groden-Kranich
Ursula Groden-Kranich (born 24 May 1965) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) who served as a member of the Bundestag from 2013 to 2021, representing the constituency of Mainz. She is also a member of Mainz City Council and was the local representative for Mainz-Hechtsheim between 2004 and 2014.
Friedrich Hensing
Friedrich Wilhelm Hensing (17 April 1719 – 9 November 1745), born in Giessen, was a German professor of medicine and anatomy at the University of Giessen.

The phrenicocolic ligament is called Hensing's ligament after him.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.