hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meshullam da Piera
Meshullam ben Shelomo da Piera was a 13th-century Hebrew poet in Catalonia.

Other than the fact that he was active as late as 1260 (as his final known poem celebrates the Mongol conquest of Palestine in 1260) and that he lived in Girona, nothing is known for certainty about his life. He may have been a relative of the Hebrew poet Shelomo ben Meshulam de Piera, who died after 1417. 50 of his poems survive to the modern day. He was regarded as a poet of great talent by fellow Jewish poet Abraham Bedersi; scholar of medieval Spanish Jewish poetry Hayyim Schirmann called him among the most original of Spanish-Jewish poets.  In spite of Da Piera's respect for Maimonides, Da Piera's poetry criticizes Maimonides' philosophy, and he aligned himself with the beliefs of Jewish philosopher Nachmanides. His poetry distances itself from the older Hebrew tradition of poetry influenced by Andalusian Arabic poetry, and shows influence from the Occitanian troubadour style of poetry.

Mongol raids into Palestine
Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260 and 1300. Following each of these invasions, there existed a period of a few months during which the Mongols were able to launch raids southward into Palestine, reaching as far as Gaza.

The raids were executed by a relatively small part of the Mongol army, which proceeded to loot, kill, and destroy. However, the Mongols appeared to have had no intention, on either occasion, of integrating Palestine into the Mongol administrative system, and a few months after the Syrian invasions, Mamluk forces returned from Egypt and reoccupied the region with little resistance.
Seaside Inn
The Seaside Inn (formerly the Seaside Inn & Cottages) is an Inn in Kennebunk, Maine which has been in continuous operation under the same family since 1667, making it one of the oldest companies in the United States.

Kennebunk, Maine
Kennebunk /ˈkɛniˌbʌŋk/ is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 11,536 at the 2020 census. Kennebunk is home to several beaches, the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, the 1799 Kennebunk Inn, many historic shipbuilders' homes, the Brick Store Museum and the Nature Conservancy Kennebunk Plains (known locally as the Blueberry Plains), with 1,500 acres (6 km2) of nature trails and blueberry fields.

The municipality includes the constituent villages of Kennebunk Village (Town), the Lower Village (Lower Kennebunk), Kennebunk Landing (the Landing), Bartlett Mills, West Kennebunk, Kennebunk Beach, Lords Point, Coopers Corner Crossing, Sea Roads Crossing, Webahennet Grove, and Vinegarhill, Cheshire Commons, Kennebunk Meadows, and various newer neighborhoods. It does not include Kennebunkport, which is a separate town.
Mark Maxson
Mark Maxson is a formerly imprisoned convict, who was falsely accused and convicted of the murder of Lindsay Murdock, a six-year-old boy, and later exonerated by DNA evidence. Following the murder in August 1993, Maxson spent over two decades in prison before being released in September 2016.

Exoneration
Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Attempts to exonerate individuals are particularly controversial in death penalty cases, especially where new evidence is put forth after the execution has taken place. The transitive verb, "to exonerate" can also mean to informally absolve one from blame.

The term "exoneration" also is used in criminal law to indicate a surety, i.e. bail bond has been satisfied, completed, and exonerated. The judge orders the bond exonerated; the clerk of court time stamps the original bail bond power and indicates exonerated as the judicial order.
Fermáta
Fermáta are a Slovak rock band formed by guitarist František Griglák and keyboardist Tomáš Berko in Bratislava in 1972. They are best known for their purely instrumental jazz-rock compositions and progressive rock roots, having sprung up from the ashes of the original big-beat craze in the Eastern Bloc and bearing similarities to other Czechoslovak jazz-rock groups of the time, including Blue Effect and Collegium Musicum, Griglák being a former member of the latter.

Notable musicians that have been members of Fermáta include Fedor Frešo, also formerly of Collegium Musicum, Karol Oláh, Juraj Bartovič, and others. Their 1978 studio album Huascaran, named after the eponymous Peruvian mountain, remains their most popular release among contemporary listeners.

Huascarán
Huascarán (Spanish pronunciation: [waskaˈɾan], wass ka RAHN; Quechua: Waskaran), Nevado Huascarán or Mataraju is a mountain located in Yungay Province, Ancash Department, Peru. It is situated in the Cordillera Blanca range of the western Andes. The southern summit of Huascarán (Huascarán Sur), which reaches 6,768 metres (22,205 ft), is the highest point in Peru, the northern Andes (north of Lake Titicaca), and in all of the Earth's tropics. It is the fourth highest mountain in South America after Aconcagua, Ojos del Salado, and Monte Pissis. Huascarán is ranked 25th by topographic isolation.
LGBTQ culture in London
The LGBT community in London is one of the largest within Europe. LGBT culture of London, England, is centred on Old Compton Street in Soho. There are also LGBT pubs and restaurants across London such as in Clapham, Dalston and Kings Cross.

Clapham
Clapham (/ˈklæpəm/) is a district in south west London, England, lying mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, but with some areas (including Clapham Common) extending into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.
Sulaiman Sujak
Sulaiman bin Sujak (born 25 March 1934 in Singapore) was the first non-British Chief of Air Force, Malaysia (November 1, 1967 – December 31, 1976)

Sulaiman studied in Bartley Secondary School and Victoria School in Singapore.  He started training in the Malayan Air Training Corps (MATC) and in the UK from 1955 at the RAF College, Cranwell, graduating in 1958 as a Pilot Officer in the RAF, the Malaysian Air Force not having been created at that time.  In the 1960s he was a Flight Lieutenant on an RAF Squadron in Cyprus flying the Canberra light bomber when the Royal Malaysian Air Force was formed.  In September 1965 he joined the Royal Malaysian Air Force as a Squadron Leader, and shortly afterwards took command of the RMAF base at Alor Star as Group Captain.

On 1 November 1967, he was promoted to Air Commodore and became the first Chief of the Royal Malaysian Air Force.

Sulaiman later became the Vice-Chairman of Malaysia Airlines.

Bartley Secondary School
Bartley Secondary School is a co-educational government secondary school in Singapore.

It was founded in 1952, and is named after William Bartley (1885–1961), who was acting collector-general of income tax in the 1920s and president of the Municipal Commission of Singapore between 1931 and 1946.
Compound matrix
In linear algebra, a branch of mathematics, a (multiplicative) compound matrix is a matrix whose entries are all minors, of a given size, of another matrix. Compound matrices are closely related to exterior algebras, and their computation appears in a wide array of problems, such as in the analysis of nonlinear time-varying dynamical systems and generalizations of positive systems, cooperative systems and contracting systems.

Positive systems
Positive systems constitute a class of systems that has the important property that its state variables are never negative, given a positive initial state. These systems appear frequently in practical applications, as these variables represent physical quantities, with positive sign (levels, heights, concentrations, etc.).

The fact that a system is positive has important implications in the control system design. For instance, an asymptotically stable positive linear time-invariant system always admits a diagonal quadratic Lyapunov function, which makes these systems more numerical tractable in the context of Lyapunov analysis.

It is also important to take this positivity into account for state observer design, as standard observers (for example Luenberger observers) might give illogical negative values.
2020–21 Liga Puerto Rico
The 2020–21 Liga Puerto Rico was to be the third season of the Liga Puerto Rico, the top tier soccer league on the island. Metropolitan FA were the reigning champions because of their 2018–19 Liga Puerto Rico championship. The 2019–2020 season was abandoned in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and no new champion was named.

After initially delaying the 2020–2021 season in July 2020, the Puerto Rican Football Federation cancelled the season completely the following month as the pandemic continued.

Metropolitan FA
The Metropolitan Football Academy is a Puerto Rican professional football club based in San Juan that currently plays in the Liga Puerto Rico. The club plays its home matches at the Parque Reparto Metropolitano.
Robert J. Havighurst
Robert James Havighurst (Hurlock) (June 5, 1900 – January 31, 1991) was a chemist and physicist, educator, and expert on human development and aging. Havighurst worked and published well into his 80s. He died of Alzheimer's disease in January 1991 in Richmond, Indiana at the age of 90.

Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.
UFC Fight Night: Shields vs. Ellenberger
UFC Fight Night: Shields vs. Ellenberger (also known as UFC Fight Night 25 or UFC Fight Night: Battle on the Bayou) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on September 17, 2011 at the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center in New Orleans, Louisiana.

New Orleans Morial Convention Center
The Ernest N. Morial Convention Center is located in Downtown New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.  The lower end of building one is located 1,640 feet (500 m) upriver from Canal Street on the banks of the Mississippi River. It is named after former Mayor of New Orleans Ernest Nathan Morial.

It has about 1.1 million sq. ft. (102,000 m2) of exhibit space, covering almost 11 blocks, and over 3 million sq. ft. (280,000 m2) of total space, making it the seventh largest convention center in the United States. The front of the main building is 1 kilometer long.
1980 Robinsons South Pacific Classic
The 1980 Robinsons South Pacific Classic was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tournament held on outdoor grass courts at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia that was part of the  1980 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 6 October until 12 October 1980. First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title.

South Pacific Tennis Classic
The South Pacific Tennis Classic, also known as the South Pacific Championships was a men's tennis tournament played in Melbourne, Australia in 1974 and 1975, and in Brisbane, Australia from 1976 through 1981.  The event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit and was played on outdoor grass courts from 1976.
University of Tennessee system
The University of Tennessee System (UT System) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is one of two public university systems, the other being the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR). It consists of four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Pulaski and Martin; a health sciences campus in Memphis; a research institute in Tullahoma; and various extensions throughout the state.

As of 2012, the UT System has a combined student enrollment of more than 49,000 students, over 320,000 living alumni, and a total endowment that tops $1 billion.

Alumni
Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.
Riksteatret
Riksteatret (English: National Traveling Theater) is a Norwegian touring theatre. It was established by law in 1948. Its first performance was in Kirkenes in 1949, with Sigurd Christiansen's play En reise i natten. The theatre plays on about 200 different stages throughout the country. Its first theatre director was Fritz von der Lippe, who held this position from 1949 to 1968. Ellen Horn was theatre director from 2005 to 2015, Tom Remlov from 2015 to 2020, and Arne Nøst since 2020.

Sigurd Christiansen
Sigurd Christiansen (17 November 1891 – 23 October 1947) was a Norwegian novelist and playwright. He made his literary debut with the novel Seieren in 1915.

His literary breakthrough was the trilogy Indgangen (1925), Sverdene (1927) and Riket (1929).

His novel To levende og en død (1931) won first prize in a competition, and was later made into three films: Norwegian, Czechoslovak and British-Swedish.

Christiansen was awarded Gyldendal's Endowment in 1940.

He was born and died in Drammen, Norway.
Steagall
Steagall is a surname of English origin, meaning "dweller by the stile". Notable people with the surname include:

Henry B. Steagall (1873-1943), American politician

Jay Steagall (born 1976), American politician

Red Steagall (born 1938), American actor, musician, poet, and stage performer

Scotty Steagall (1929-2001), American basketball player

Scotty Steagall
Scotty Steagall (November 13, 1929 – September 16, 2001) was an American basketball player. After a collegiate career at Millikin University, Steagall was selected in the second round (12th overall) of the 1951 NBA draft by the Indianapolis Olympians. He skipped the NBA, however, and opted instead to play in the Amateur Athletic Union for the Phillips 66ers, one of the most dominant teams in amateur basketball during the mid-20th century.
Sepanggar (federal constituency)
Sepanggar is a federal constituency in West Coast Division (Kota Kinabalu District), Sabah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 2004.

The federal constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

Kota Kinabalu District
The Kota Kinabalu District (Malay: Daerah Kota Kinabalu) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the West Coast Division which includes the districts of Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Papar, Penampang, Ranau and Tuaran. The capital of the district is in Kota Kinabalu City.
90th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF
The 90th Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Great War Canadian Expeditionary Force. The 90th Battalion was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 31 May 1916, where on 19 July 1916 its personnel were absorbed by the 11th Reserve Battalion, CEF, to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion disbanded on 1 September 1917.

The 90th Battalion recruited in, and was mobilized at, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

The 90th Battalion was commanded by Lt.-Col. W.A. Munro from 2 June 1916 to 19 July 1916.

The 90th Battalion was awarded the battle honour THE GREAT WAR 1916.

The 90th Battalion, CEF is perpetuated by the Royal Winnipeg Rifles.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Iris regis-uzziae
Iris regis-uzziae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. Also known as King Uzziae Iris. Named after the 742BC King of Judah, Uzziah.

One translation of the Latin term 'Iris regis-uzziae' in Hebrew is אִירוּס טוּבְיָה

It is a bulbous perennial.

It was first described in notes from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1978 by Prof. Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan (an Israeli botanist). She also then described it in The Iris Year Book 1979.

It can be seen in Jerusalem Botanical Gardens. It also can be found at Kew Botanic Gardens, but confusingly they call it 'Jordan Iris'.

Jerusalem Botanical Gardens
The Jerusalem Botanical Gardens (JBG) is a botanical garden and a center of botanical education and research in Jerusalem, Israel. The largest botanical garden in Israel, it features over 6,000 plant species from around the world, arranged in phytogeographic sections, including Australia, South Africa, Europe, North America, Southwest and Central Asia and the Mediterranean.

The garden, located in Nayot on the southeastern edge of the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, opened to the public in 1985 as a successor to the National Botanic Garden of Israel on Mount Scopus, which still exists today as a separate entity.
Hume Castle
Hume Castle is the heavily modified remnants of a late 12th- or early 13th-century castle of enceinte held by the powerful Hume or Home family, Wardens of the Eastern March who became successively the Lords Home and the Earls of Home. The village of Hume is located between Greenlaw and Kelso, two miles north of the village of Stichill, in Berwickshire, Scotland. (OS ref.- NT704413). It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, recorded as such by Historic Environment Scotland.

Standing as it does, on an impressive height above its eponymous castleton, it commands fine prospects across the Merse, with views to the English border at Carter Bar. It had historically been used as a beacon to warn of invasion.
Its enormous walls were created in the 18th century but remnants of the central keep and other features can still be seen.

Castle town
A castle town is a settlement built adjacent to or surrounding a castle. Castle towns were common in Medieval Europe.  Castle towns were sometimes made by the people who made the castle. Some examples include small towns like Alnwick and Arundel, which are still dominated by their castles. In Western Europe, and England particularly, it is common for cities and towns that were not castle towns to instead have been organized around cathedrals.

Towns organized around Japanese castles are called jōkamachi (城下町). Castles are typically built near towns to gain and equip supplies.
Through the Window
Through the Window is an album by the American music project Prurient, a performing name of artist Dominick Fernow. The three-song album was released on March 19, 2013 through the English label Blackest Ever Black. Though released in 2013, the tracks for Through the Window were recorded in October 2011 at the same time as Prurient's two Hydra Head Records releases — the studio album Bermuda Drain (2011) and the EP Time's Arrow (2011) — and were noted for musically showing more techno influences, akin to one of Fernow's other projects, Vatican Shadow.

Hydra Head Records
Hydra Head Records was an independent record label specializing in extreme metal music, founded in New Mexico by Aaron Turner (the frontman of Isis) in 1993. It had another imprint, Hydra Head Noise Industries, which specialized in experimental and noise music. Turner announced he was winding the label down in 2012. In 2020, the label removed its catalog from Spotify and returned its album rights back to several artists.
Nighantu
Nighaṇṭu (Sanskrit: निघण्टु, IPA: [nɪɡʱɐɳʈʊ]) is a Sanskrit term for a traditional collection of words, grouped into thematic categories, often with brief annotations.  Such collections share characteristics with glossaries and thesauri, but are not true lexicons, such as the kośa of Sanskrit literature.  Particular collections are also called nighaṇṭava.

While a number of nighantavas devoted to specialized subjects exist, the eponymous Nighantu of the genre is an ancient collection, handed down from Vedic times.  It was the subject of the Nirukta, a commentary, together with a treatise on etymology, by Yaska.  Technically, Yaska's Nirukta should designate his commentary only, but traditionally the Nighantu has been understood to be included in it.

Glossary
A glossary (from Ancient Greek: γλῶσσα, glossa; language, speech, wording), also known as a vocabulary or clavis, is an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms. Traditionally, a glossary appears at the end of a book and includes terms within that book that are either newly introduced, uncommon, or specialized. While glossaries are most commonly associated with non-fiction books, fiction novels sometimes include a glossary for unfamiliar terms.

A bilingual glossary is a list of terms in one language defined in a second language or glossed by synonyms (or at least near-synonyms) in another language.

In a general sense, a glossary contains explanations of concepts relevant to a certain field of study or action. In this sense, the term is related to the notion of ontology. Automatic methods have been also provided that transform a glossary into an ontology or a computational lexicon.
Brendan Bradley (footballer)
Brendan Bradley (born 7 June 1950) is an Irish former footballer who played as a forward. He holds the record for the highest number of goals scored by an individual in the League of Ireland with 235. He also scored a club record 181 goals for Finn Harps.

FAI Cup
The Football Association of Ireland Senior Challenge Cup (FAI Cup), known as the Sports Direct FAI Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a knock-out association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic of Ireland (as well as Derry City from Northern Ireland). Organised by the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the competition is currently sponsored by Sports Direct. It was known as the Free State Cup from 1923 to 1936. Shamrock Rovers hold the record of most wins with 26.

The current holders are Shamrock Rovers who won their 26th title on 9 November 2025, defeating Cork City 2–0 at the Aviva Stadium.