hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Contraflow lane reversal
Contraflow lane reversal is the altering of the normal flow of traffic, typically on a controlled-access highway (such as a freeway or motorway), to either aid in an emergency evacuation (the most common usage of the term in the United States) or, as part of routine maintenance activities, to facilitate widening or reconstruction of one of the highway's carriageways (the most common usage in the United Kingdom).

Usually, the term is used to refer to reversal of lanes which are normally configured for travel in one direction; routinely changing the configuration of reversible lanes (such as during rush hour) is not normally considered contraflow lane reversal. On undivided highways, evacuation contraflow may be called evacuation reverse flow.

Maintenance
The technical meaning of maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building infrastructure and supporting utilities in industrial, business, and residential installations. Terms such as "predictive" or "planned" maintenance describe various cost-effective practices aimed at keeping equipment operational; these activities occur either before or after a potential failure.
2011 U.S. National Gymnastics Championships
The 2011 Visa U.S. National Gymnastics Championships was the 48th edition of the U.S. National Gymnastics Championships. The competition was held from August 17–20, 2011 at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

Texas Dreams Gymnastics
32°56′20″N 96°59′48″W﻿ / ﻿32.93889°N 96.99667°W﻿ / 32.93889; -96.99667

Texas Dreams Gymnastics is a gymnastics training facility located in Coppell, Texas. It is owned by 1991 world champion and 1992 Olympics bronze medalist Kim Zmeskal.
Kekhvi
42°18′15.34″N 43°56′21.97″E﻿ / ﻿42.3042611°N 43.9394361°E﻿ / 42.3042611; 43.9394361

Kekhvi (Georgian: კეხვი Kekhvi, Ossetian: Чъех Chekh, Russian: Кехви Kekhvi) is a village in South Ossetia abandoned after the 2008 Russo-Georgian War.  The village is located on the left bank of the Greater Liakhvi River. The Transcaucasian highway passes through the village. The road from Tskhinvali to Kekhvi is 7.38 km. Since the 2008 South Ossetia war, the village is controlled by the breakaway republic and included in the Tskhinvali district by its administrative divisions.

In the south of the village is situated the village of Kurta. To the east of the river is the village Kemerti.

North of the village is a small hydroelectric dam.

Tskhinvali
Tskhinvali or Tskhinval, occasionally called  Stalinir during specific contexts, is the capital of the disputed de facto independent Republic of South Ossetia, internationally considered part of Shida Kartli, Georgia (except by Russia and four other UN member states). Tskhinvali Region was also known historically as Samachablo by Georgians. It is located on the Great Liakhvi River approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of the Georgian capital Tbilisi.
Colonia Glacier
Colonia Glacier (Spanish: Glaciar Colonia or Ventisquero Colonia) is a valley glacier located in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, Chile. The glacier spills out to the southeast from an ice plateau north of Cerro Arenales and has its terminus about 4 km (2.5 mi) from Colonia Lake. Colonia Glacier dams two lakes; Cachet II and Arco Lake. The ice dam containing the waters of Cachet II Lake fails regularly, which generates glacial lake outburst floods.

On March 31, 2012, for the second time that year, virtually all of the 200 million cubic meters of water in Lake Cachet II were lost in less than 24 hours as a result of perforations in the glacial wall, a consequence of rising temperatures driven by climate change. The lake has drained 11 times since 2008 and experts predict it will increase in frequency.

Glacial lake outburst flood
A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a type of outburst flood caused by the failure of a dam containing a glacial lake. An event similar to a GLOF, where a body of water contained by a glacier melts or overflows the glacier, is called a jökulhlaup. The dam can consist of glacier ice or a terminal moraine. Failure can happen due to erosion, a buildup of water pressure, an avalanche of rock or heavy snow, an earthquake or cryoseism, volcanic eruptions under the ice, or massive displacement of water in a glacial lake when a large portion of an adjacent glacier collapses into it.

Increasing glacial melting because of climate change, alongside other environmental effects of climate change (i.e. permafrost melting) mean that regions with glaciers are likely to see increased flooding risks from GLOFs. This is especially true in the Himalayas where geologies are more active.

A 2023 study found 15 million people at risk from this hazard, mostly in China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Peru.
Katelyn Ayers
Katelyn Ayers (born 9 February 1995) is a Canadian long-distance runner. In 2019, she competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. She finished in 57th place.

In 2019, she competed at the 2019 NACAC Cross Country Championships held in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. She finished in 9th place in the women's individual event.

2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Aarhus in Denmark, on March 30, 2019. Hellen Obiri from Kenya won the gold medal by two seconds over Ethiopians Dera Dida and Letesenbet Gidey.
Vasandhathil Or Naal
Vasandhathil Or Naal (transl. A day in spring) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by A. C. Tirulokchandar and produced by S. Rangarajan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan and Sripriya. It is a remake of the 1975 Hindi film Mausam. The film was released on 7 May 1982.

S. Rangarajan
Srinivasan Rangarajan (10 April 1936 – 8 February 2007) was an Indian journalist, entrepreneur, cricketer, film producer and socialite. He is the youngest son of K. Srinivasan and grandson of S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar.
Hooke (surname)
Hooke is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hilda Mary Hooke (1898–1978), Canadian writer

John Hooke (1270–1275), Chancellor of the University of Cambridge

Luke Joseph Hooke (1716–1796), Irish theologian

Robert Hooke (1635–1703), English natural philosopher who discovered Hooke's law

S. H. Hooke (1874–1968), English scholar of comparative religion

S. H. Hooke
Samuel Henry Hooke (January 21, 1874 – January 17, 1968) was an English scholar writing on comparative religion. He is known for his Bible in Basic English translation.

He was born in Cirencester, Gloucestershire. He was educated at St. Mark's school, Windsor and Jesus College, Oxford.

From 1913 to 1926 he was Professor of Oriental Languages at the University of Toronto, where he was a founder of and contributor to Canadian Forum. In 1930 he was appointed Samuel Davidson Professor of Old Testament Studies at the University of London. In 1951, Hooke was president of the Society for Old Testament Study.
2022 Formula Nordic
The 2022 Formula Nordic season was the tenth season of the Swedish-based single-seater championship, and the fourth independent of the STCC branding, following the STCC promoter's bankruptcy in 2018. The series continued to use the previous Formula Renault 1.6 chassis and engines, with Yokohama as the series' tyre supplier.

The season began on 13 May at Anderstorp Raceway, and concluded on 1 October at Mantorp Park after 15 races held over seven rounds. Philip Victorsson won the championship in his third season in the series, taking nine wins.

Scandinavian Touring Car Championship
The Scandinavian Touring Car Championship (STCC) is a touring car racing series based in Scandinavia. The series took over from the Danish Touringcar Championship and Swedish Touring Car Championship, with its first season in 2011. The Scandinavian Touring Car Cup was awarded in 2010 to the driver with best results from selected races in the Danish and Swedish seasons.

In 2013, the series merged with the rival TTA – Racing Elite League, which was formed as a result of the split in 2012. From the 2013 season onwards, the series would see a new format based upon the TTA series.

After the change to the TCR ruleset 2017, The follow-up series is the TCR Scandinavia Touring Car Championship.
For the 2019 season STCC changed promotor to a constellation called Scandinavian Racing League (SRL). For season 2020 and forward STCC brand and championship changed promotor again to SNB-events AB.
L. Douglas Bell
L. Douglas Bell (born 1958) is an American physicist, focusing in nanoscale electronic and structural characterization of materials and devices using scanning probe methods, tunnel-effect and hot-electron devices for detection and sensing, and novel memory concepts using nanoscale structures. He currently works at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Bell is an elected Fellow of the American Physical Society.

Hot-carrier injection
Hot carrier injection (HCI) is a phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices where an electron or a "hole" gains sufficient kinetic energy to overcome a potential barrier necessary to break an interface state. The term "hot" refers to the effective temperature used to model carrier density,  not to the overall temperature of the device. Since the charge carriers can become trapped in the gate dielectric of a MOS transistor, the switching characteristics of the transistor can be permanently changed.  Hot-carrier injection is one of the mechanisms that adversely affects the reliability of semiconductors of solid-state devices.
Štajer
Štajer (pronounced [ˈʃtaːjɛɾ]) is a small settlement west of Vas in the Municipality of Kostel in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Kostel
The Municipality of Kostel (pronounced [ˈkɔːstɛu̯]; Slovene: Občina Kostel) is a municipality in southern Slovenia. Its seat is the settlement of Vas. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It borders Croatia.
Medinilla theresae
Medinilla theresae is an endemic species of flowering evergreen shrub or liana in the family Melastomataceae, occurring on ultramafic soils on the dwarf forests of Mt. Redondo, Dinagat Island at 700-840 elevation, and at Mt. Hamiguitan, Philippines at growing at 900 m elevation on the edges of upper montane forest, which reaches up to the 'mossy-pygmy' forest with elevation ranges of 1160−1200 m and 1460−1600 m elevation, respectively. This terrestrial, cauliflorous shrub can grow erect at 1.5 m high. The species whorled leaves, flowers which are 4-merous, and the pendulous inflorescences likened the species to M. pendula. However, it differed from the latter on distinct secondary veins on the leaves adaxial surface, the inflorescences which are cauline or axillary, and its straight anthers.

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
Paracatenula
Paracatenula is a genus of millimeter sized free-living marine gutless catenulid flatworms.

Paracatenula spp. are found worldwide in warm temperate to tropical subtidal sediments. They are part of the interstitial meiofauna of sandy sediments. Adult Paracatenula lack a mouth and a gut and are associated with intracellular symbiotic alphaproteobacteria of the genus Candidatus Riegeria. The symbionts are housed in bacteriocytes in a specialized organ, the trophosome (Greek τροφος trophos 'food'). Ca. Riegeria can make up half of the worms' biomass. The beneficial symbiosis with the carbon dioxide fixing and sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts allows the marine flatworm to live in nutrient poor environments. The symbionts not only provide the nutrition but also maintain the primary energy reserves in the symbiosis.

Neritic zone
The neritic zone (or sublittoral zone) is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately 200 meters (660 ft) in depth.
From the point of view of marine biology it forms a relatively stable and well-illuminated environment for marine life, from plankton up to large fish and corals, while physical oceanography sees it as where the oceanic system interacts with the coast.
Grantham Rural District
Grantham was a rural district in Lincolnshire, Parts of Kesteven from 1894 to 1931.

It was created by the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Grantham rural sanitary district, the Leicestershire part of which went to form the Belvoir Rural District.  In 1931, under a County Review Order, it was abolished, with nearly all of its area going to the West Kesteven Rural District, except the parish of Haceby, which became part of the East Kesteven Rural District.

Sanitary district
Sanitary districts were established in England and Wales in 1872 and in Ireland in 1878.  The districts were of two types, based on existing structures:

Urban sanitary districts in towns with existing local government bodies

Rural sanitary districts in the remaining rural areas of poor law unions.

Each district was governed by a local board of health, which was responsible for various public health matters such as providing clean drinking water, sewers, street cleaning, and clearing slum housing.

In England and Wales both rural and urban sanitary districts were replaced under by the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) by the more general rural districts and urban districts.  A similar reform was carried out in Ireland in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.
Son Boricua
Son Boricua is a Latin dance music orchestra based in New York City, founded by Jose Mangual Junior. Lead singer was Jimmy Sabater until his death in 2012.

Their debut album was released in 1998. Their music is mostly salsa (Puerto-Rican style) and mambo, both original songs and covers. The meaning of the name - "Son" is a Latin genre (originally from Cuba), and "Boricua" means Puerto-Rican in Spanish.

AllMusic rated the band's self-titled debut album two and a half stars.

Latin music
Latin music (Portuguese and Spanish: música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States, as well as music that is sung in either Spanish or Portuguese. It may also include music from other territories where Spanish- and Portuguese-language music is made.
Overton, Malpas
Overton is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Malpas, in the Cheshire West and Chester district and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 it had a population of 68. Overton was formerly a township in the parish of Malpas, in 1866 Overton became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2015 the parish was abolished and merged with Malpas. It is the site of a deserted village, a scheduled monument, the sole remains of which are earthworks.

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. It was established on 1 April 2009 as part of the 2009 local government changes, by virtue of an order under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007. It superseded the boroughs of Ellesmere Port and Neston, Vale Royal and the City of Chester. The remainder of the ceremonial county of Cheshire is composed of Cheshire East, Halton and Warrington. Cheshire West and Chester has three key urban areas: Chester, Ellesmere Port and Northwich/Winsford.

The decision to create the Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority was announced on 25 July 2007 following a consultation period, in which a proposal to create a single Cheshire unitary authority was rejected.
Commander Mountain
Commander Mountain is a 3,371-metre (11,060 ft) glaciated mountain summit located 42 km (26 mi) west-southwest of Invermere in the Purcell Mountains of southeast British Columbia, Canada.  It is the seventh-highest mountain in the Purcells. The nearest higher peak is Jumbo Mountain, 2 km (1.2 mi) to the south, and The Lieutenants is set 2.12 km (1.32 mi) to the west.

Invermere
Invermere is a community in eastern British Columbia, Canada, near the border of Alberta. It is the hub of the Columbia Valley between Golden to the north and Cranbrook to the south. Invermere sits on the northwest shore of Windermere Lake and is a popular summer destination for visitors and second home owners from Edmonton and Calgary.
2018 Austrian Grand Prix
The 2018 Austrian Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Eyetime Grosser Preis von Österreich 2018) was a Formula One motor race held on 1 July 2018 at the Red Bull Ring in Spielberg, Austria. The race was the 9th round of the 2018 FIA Formula One World Championship, and marked the 32nd running of the Austrian Grand Prix and the 31st time it had been held as a round of the Formula One World Championship since the series inception in 1950.

The race was won by Max Verstappen, driving for Red Bull, marking the first time that Red Bull has won at their home Grand Prix.

Brendon Hartley
Brendon Morris Hartley (born 10 November 1989) is a New Zealand racing driver, who competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Toyota. Hartley competed in Formula One from 2017 to 2018. In endurance racing, Hartley has won a joint-record four FIA World Endurance Championship titles—tied with Sébastien Buemi—and is a three-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Hartley won the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship, alongside his teammates Mark Webber and Timo Bernhard, and also went on to win the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Bernhard and Earl Bamber. He won the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans with Bamber and Bernhard, the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans with Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima, and the 2022 24 Hours of Le Mans with Buemi and Ryō Hirakawa.

Hartley formerly competed in Formula One for Scuderia Toro Rosso, making his debut at the 2017 United States Grand Prix.
James Brand (musician)
James C. Brand (1976–2010) was an American musician.

Moz was Brand's dark ambient, power electronics project. Founded in Houston, Texas, in 1997, transplanted to Anchorage, Alaska in 2000, and dubbed Post Power Electronics by Gary of Bed Molt/a sonic deterrent. Early releases were in the harsh noise genre and had no clear themes, but later works were not only less harsh but tended to deal with social and left-wing / anarchist political issues. Most recent work is influenced by Buddhist and other Asian spirituality, due to Brand's increasing involvement with Buddhism (including stints living in monasteries in both America and Asia). However, even though devoted to Theravada Buddhism, Brand still maintains his previous anarchist political views and identifies himself as a "Dhammic Socialist".

Brand died unexpectedly at the age of 34 from a brain aneurism in Anchorage, Alaska on August 30, 2010.

Power electronics (music genre)
Power electronics (also known as heavy electronics) is a subgenre of noise and industrial music, characterized by static, screeching waves of feedback, analogue synthesizers, sub-bass pulses and high frequency squealing sounds.
Richard Schwartz (politician)
Richard Schwartz (born c. 1959) is an American politician who has worked with former New York City Mayors Rudy Giuliani, Ed Koch and David Dinkins as well as Henry Stern during his tenure as New York City Parks Commissioner and while he was a member of the New York City Council. During the 1980s, he contributed to the New York City Parks restoration. He also worked for the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a conservative think tank. Schwartz authored the Work Experience Program, a welfare reform program. Schwartz founded Opportunity America, a job matching service for welfare recipients, one day after leaving public service in 1997.

Henry Stern (New York politician)
Henry Jordan Stern (May 1, 1935 – March 28, 2019) was a member of the New York City Council from 1974 to 1983 and appointed as the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation from 1983 to 1990 and again from 1994 to 2000.
Llandybie RFC
Llandybie RFC is a Welsh rugby union team based in the village of Llandybie, which is located 2.5 miles north of Ammanford in the county of Carmarthenshire. Llandybie RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Llanelli-based professional team Scarlets. Llandybie RFC play in Division Three West B of the SWALEC National League.

Club captain is Keenan Jones. They are currently second from the bottom of the lowest league in West wales, and coached by known runaway.

Ammanford
Ammanford (Welsh: Rhydaman ⓘ) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 5,445, and the wider built up area had a population of 8,285.

Ammanford is served by the A483 and A474 roads. Ammanford railway station is a stop on the Heart of Wales Line, with trains to Llanelli and Swansea to the south and Shrewsbury to the north.

Ammanford is twinned with Breuillet, Essonne.
Calbright College
Calbright College is a public community college in California. It was established in 2018 as the 115th California Community College and is the first fully-online community college in the United States. Calbright's programing is aimed towards providing workers ages 25 to 34 with short term, affordable credentials and job training.

Credential
A credential is a piece of any document that details a qualification, competence, or authority issued to an individual by a third party with a relevant or de facto authority or assumed competence to do so.

Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identification documents, badges, passwords, user names, keys, powers of attorney, and so on. Sometimes publications, such as scientific papers or books, may be viewed as similar to credentials by some people, especially if the publication was peer reviewed or made in a well-known journal or reputable publisher.
Philip Bale
Philip Bale (died 1559) was an Oxford college head in the 16th-century.

Bale was  educated at Exeter College, Oxford; and was Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, from 1521 to 1526. He held the living at St  Michael, Honiton and St Nicholas, Combe Raleigh. He left patristic works, and books of Bede, to the college.

Honiton
Honiton (/ˈhɒnitən/) is a market town and civil parish in East Devon, situated close to the River Otter, 17 miles (27 km) north east of Exeter in the county of Devon. Honiton has a population estimated at 12,154 (based on 2021 census).