hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vadim Spiridonov
Vadim Semyonovich Spiridonov (Russian: Вадим Семёнович Спиридонов; 14 October 1944 – 7 December 1989) was a Soviet film actor, film director. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1984). Winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1979), Winner of the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1980).

Earthly Love
Earthy Love (Russian: Любовь земная, romanized: Lyubov zemnaya) is a 1974 Soviet romantic drama film directed by Yevgeny Matveyev and starring Matveyev, Olga Ostroumova, and Yury Yakovlev. The film was a screen adaptation of Pyotr Proskurin's novel Earthy Love, and was viewed by 50.9 million spectators in 1975.  Yevgeny  Matveyev was honored with the State Prize of the RSFSR for Earthy Love and Destiny.
Herbert Stothart
Herbert Pope Stothart (September 11, 1885 – February 1, 1949) was an American songwriter, arranger, conductor, and composer. He was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won Best Original Score for The Wizard of Oz. Stothart was widely acknowledged as a prominent member of the top tier of Hollywood composers during the 1930s and 1940s.

Anna Karenina (1935 film)
Anna Karenina is a 1935 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the 1878 novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy and directed by Clarence Brown.  The film stars Greta Garbo, Fredric March, Basil Rathbone, and Maureen O'Sullivan. There are several other film adaptations of the novel.

In New York, the film opened at the Capitol Theatre, the site of many prestigious MGM premieres.  The film earned $2,304,000 at the box office, and won the Mussolini Cup for best foreign film at the Venice Film Festival.  Greta Garbo received a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress for her role as Anna. In addition, the film was ranked #42 on the American Film Institute's list of AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions.
Clapper Post
Clapper Post, or Klapperpost in German, was an urban postal service in Vienna, the capital of Austria, and in some of the country's other cities, that began in 1772. Its name refers to a clapper (a type of rattle) with which mail carriers announced their arrival. In Vienna, it existed for more than ten years.

Clapper mailman (engraving; late 18th century)

A unique money letter with 50 florins in banknotes from Prague to the town councillors of Hungarian Skalitz (in today's Slovak Republic; 1783)

Rattle (percussion instrument)
A rattle is a type of percussion instrument which produces a sound when shaken. Rattles are described in the Hornbostel–Sachs system as Shaken Idiophones or Rattles (112.1).

According to Sachs,

SHAKEN IDIOPHONES are rattles (not to be confused with clappers). The material is important, but more important is the arrangement of the sounding parts that strike together when the implement is shaken.

Rattles include:

Maracas, widely used in Cha Cha Cha and jazz.
Chac-chac, as known in Trinidad, Dominica and the French Antilles.

The egg-shaped plastic chicken shake, filled with steel shot and available in varying tones depending on the size and quantity of shot.

Folk instruments especially used in ceremonial dance.

Toy rattles for infants.

Though there are many different sorts of rattles, some music scores indicate simply a rattle (or the corresponding terms French claquette, hochet; Ger. Rassel, Schnarre; It. nacchere).
Hadera–East railway station
Hadera–East railway station is a former railway station in Hadera, Israel. It originally served as the northern terminus of the Eastern Railway. In 1968, the line was closed to passengers and the railway south of the station to Kfar Saba was abandoned. A short section of the Eastern Railway connecting the station north to the  Coastal railway line was left in operation—being used by freight trains serving the Granot "Ambar North" large feed mill complex near Gan Shmuel that is located adjacent to Hadera East station.

As of 2022, the station is undergoing extensive construction and restoration in anticipation of being reopened in the late 2020s as part of the re-building effort of the Eastern Railway.

Gan Shmuel
Gan Shmuel (Hebrew: גַּן שְׁמוּאֵל, lit. Shmuel's Garden) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in Haifa District, east of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,188. The kibbutz was named after Rabbi Shmuel Mohilever.
2002–03 Mid-American Conference men's basketball season
The 2002–03 Mid-American Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2002, followed by the start of the 2002–03 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Conference play began in January 2003 and concluded in March 2003. Central Michigan won the regular season title with a conference record of 14–4 by two games over second-place Kent State. Central Michigan defeated Kent State in the MAC tournament final and represented the MAC in the NCAA tournament. There they defeated Creighton in the first round before losing to Duke.

2003 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2003 MAC men's basketball tournament, a part of the 2002–03 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, took place from March 10–15 at Gund Arena in Cleveland.  Its winner received the Mid-American Conference's automatic bid to the 2003 NCAA tournament. It was a single-elimination tournament with four rounds and the three highest seeds received byes in the first round. All MAC teams were invited to participate. Central Michigan, the MAC regular season winner, received the number one seed in the tournament. Central Michigan defeated Kent State in the final. In the NCAA tournament they defeated Creighton in the first round before losing to Duke.
Immerse Learning
Immerse Learning (formerly called Languagelab.com) is an English school based in an online virtual world. It is the first school that teaches exclusively online in a virtual environment; students and teachers use avatars to navigate the environment and take part in lessons. Lessons are also completely contextual, which is in direct contradiction to the traditional classroom system.

In 2016, Immerse moved their focus away from desktop training to developing a VR platform aimed at large enterprises that need to scale their VR training across multiple locations and users.

Contextual learning
Contextual learning is based on a constructivist theory of teaching and learning. Learning takes place when teachers are able to present information in such a way that students are able to construct meaning based on their own experiences. Contextual learning experiences include internships, service learning and study abroad programs.

Contextual learning has the following characteristics:

emphasizing problem solving

recognizing that teaching and learning need to occur in multiple contexts

assisting students in learning how to monitor their learning and thereby become self-regulated learners

anchoring teaching in the assumption that students' experiences differ

encouraging students to learn from each other

employing authentic assessment
Kohlhase
Kohlhase is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Kohlhase (born 1935), American aerospace engineer

Chris Kohlhase (1967–2015), New Zealand softball player

Eddie Kohlhase, New Zealand softball player

Hans Kohlhase (c. 1500 – 1540), German historical figure

Marilyn Kohlhase (born 1953) New Zealand curator and arts administrator

Michael Kohlhase (born 1964), German computer scientist

Sebastian Kohlhase (born 1942), Samoan cricketer

Walther Kohlhase (1908–1993), German painter

Marilyn Kohlhase
Marilyn Rhonda Kohlhase MNZM (born 1953) is a New Zealand arts curator and administrator, specialising in Pacific Islands art. She has worked with Auckland War Memorial Museum and Creative New Zealand. Kohlhase set up the first uniquely pan-Pacific art gallery and is known as the "art lady" in some circles.
Huh Joon-ho
Huh Joon-ho (Korean: 허준호; born April 14, 1964) is a South Korean actor. His name was previously officially romanized as Hur Joon-ho and is sometimes romanized unofficially as Heo Joon-ho. Huh began his career in theater became active in film and television as a character actor, notably in the film Silmido (2003) for which he won Best Supporting Actor at the Grand Bell Awards. He has also reprised the leading role in the stage musical Gambler several times.

Gambler (album)
Gambler is a musical written by Eric Woolfson. It features several of his most popular songs from his earlier writing with The Alan Parsons Project. It is loosely based on the Project album The Turn of a Friendly Card, although it also contains several newly written songs as well as two songs from later albums, and doesn't include all songs from the 1980 album (as had been the case with Gaudi). The song "The Turn of a Friendly Card" is interpolated in "Green Light Means Danger" as well as "When The World Was Young". "Snake Eyes" is one of several songs that were part of the musical production, but left off the original cast album. "Golden Key" would later appear on The Alan Parsons Project That Never Was in a version sung by Woolfson.
John Anderson (singer)
John David Anderson (born December 13, 1954) is an American country singer. Starting in 1977 with the release of his first single, "I've Got a Feelin' (Somebody's Been Stealin')", Anderson has charted more than 40 singles on the Billboard country music charts, including five number ones: "Wild and Blue", "Swingin'", "Black Sheep", "Straight Tequila Night", and "Money in the Bank". He has also recorded 22 studio albums on several labels. His latest album, Years, was released on April 10, 2020, on the Easy Eye Sound label and was produced by Nashville veteran producer David Ferguson and Dan Auerbach of the Black Keys.

Anderson was inducted to the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame on October 5, 2014. He was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame 10 years later.

Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is one of the world's largest museums and research centers dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of American country music. Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world's most extensive musical collections.
Vithal Palwankar
Vithal Palwankar (1884 or 1886 – 26 November 1971) was an Indian cricketer and a captain of the Hindus team. Vithal led the team to victories over the Mohammedan and European teams, where his captaincy and personal performance were praised. His four-year tenure (1923 to 1926) as captain was filled with similar successes and culminated with the Hindus winning the Quadrangular trophy.[1] He was the younger brother of the Indian spin bowler and activist Palwankar Baloo; his other brothers Palwankar Shivram and Palwankar Ganpat were also cricketers.

Spin bowling
Spin bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is delivered relatively slowly but with rapid rotation, giving it the potential to deviate sharply after bouncing. A bowler who uses this technique is called a spinner, a spin bowler, or a slow bowler.

It is one of the two main approaches to bowling, the other being fast bowling.

A spinner may bowl with their right-arm or left-arm, and with a finger spin or wrist spin action. Therefore, there are four types of spin bowling: off spin, leg spin, left-arm orthodox spin and left-arm unorthodox spin.

The bowlers with the highest, second-highest and fourth-highest number of wickets in the history of Test cricket, Muttiah Muralitharan, Shane Warne and Anil Kumble, respectively, were spinners.
Nicholas Awrey
Nicholas Awrey (June 8, 1851 – June 11, 1897) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Wentworth South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1879 to 1898 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Binbrook Township, Wentworth County, Canada West in 1851, the son of Israel Awrey who was the son of a United Empire Loyalist of Irish descent and Elizabeth Rymal, whose uncle Jacob Rymal took part in the Upper Canada Rebellion. In 1872, he married Ann Hasteltine Barlow. Awrey was president of the Provincial Farmer's Institute, served on the board for the Central Fair Association and was a district representative in the Agriculture and Arts Association of Ontario. He also served on the municipal council. Awrey represented Ontario at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. He was a member of the Freemasons.

He died of Bright's disease in 1897. Awrey, a geographical township in Sudbury District, was named after him.

Bright's disease
Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that are described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. It was characterized by swelling and the presence of albumin in the urine. It was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure and heart disease.
Carter Burwell
Carter Benedict Burwell (born November 18, 1954) is an American film composer. He received Academy Award nominations for Best Original Score for Todd Haynes's Carol (2015) and Martin McDonagh's films Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017) and The Banshees Of Inisherin (2022). He has frequently collaborated with the Coen brothers, having scored most of their films. He has also scored films by other directors such as Bill Condon, Spike Jonze, James Foley, Brian Helgeland, and John Lee Hancock.

Brian Helgeland
Brian Thomas Helgeland (born January 17, 1961) is an American screenwriter, film producer, and director. He is best known for writing the screenplays for the films L.A. Confidential (1998) and Mystic River (2003). He wrote and directed the films 42, a biopic of Jackie Robinson; and Legend, about the rise and fall of the infamous London gangsters, the Kray twins. His work on L.A. Confidential earned him an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.
Macedonian phonology
This article discusses the phonological system of Standard Macedonian (unless otherwise noted) based on the Prilep-Bitola dialect.  For discussion of other dialects, see Macedonian dialects. Macedonian possesses five vowels, one semivowel, three liquid consonants, three nasal stops, three pairs of fricatives, two pairs of affricates, a non-paired voiceless fricative, nine pairs of voiced and unvoiced consonants and four pairs of stops.

Affricate
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/, generally spelled ch and j, respectively.
Barry Gurary
Barry Gurary (also: Gourary, Sholom Dovber or Berke) (b. in Rostov-on-Don, Russia February 10, 1923, d. Montclair, New Jersey, United States March 14, 2005) was a rabbi. He was the nephew of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh Lubavitcher rebbe.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
No. 5 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF
No. 5 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF (5 (C)OTU), was a training unit of the Royal Air Force, within No. 17 Group RAF, which was part of RAF Coastal Command. The unit was established during August 1941 and disbanded during August 1945.

Medium bomber
A medium bomber is a military bomber aircraft designed to operate with medium-sized bombloads over medium range distances; the name serves to distinguish this type from larger heavy bombers and smaller light bombers. Mediums generally carried about two tons of bombs, compared to light bombers that carried one ton, and heavies that carried four or more.

The term was used prior to and during World War II, based on available parameters of engine and aeronautical technology for bomber aircraft designs at that time. After the war, medium bombers were replaced in world air forces by more advanced and capable aircraft.
Deaths in August 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Kansas City Athletics
The Kansas City Athletics were a Major League Baseball team that played in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1955 to 1967, having previously played in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the Philadelphia Athletics. After moving to Oakland, California in 1967, the team became the Oakland Athletics. In 2025, the team moved to West Sacramento, California as the Athletics, and plans ultimately to move to the Las Vegas metropolitan area.

The Kansas City franchise played at Municipal Stadium from 1955 to 1967.

The Kansas City Athletics had an overall win–loss record of 829–1,224–7 (.404) during their 13 years in Kansas City. Four Kansas City Athletics players were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame: Satchel Paige, Reggie Jackson, Enos Slaughter, and Catfish Hunter.
Muhunoa East
Muhunoa East is a rural locality in the Horowhenua District of the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island.  It is located on the western side of the Tararua Range between the Ōhau River to the north and the Makorokio Stream to the south.

Manawatū–Whanganui
Manawatū-Whanganui ([manawaˈtʉː ˈˀwaŋanʉi]; spelled Manawatu-Wanganui prior to 2019) is a region in the lower half of the North Island of New Zealand, whose main population centres are the cities of Palmerston North and Whanganui. It is administered by the Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council, which operates under the name Horizons Regional Council. The region covers over 22,000 square kilometres (13,670.166 mi), making it the sixth largest region by area in the country and is home to 261,100 residents.
Maldon–Dombarton railway line
The Maldon–Dombarton railway line is a partially constructed railway line in New South Wales, Australia. Construction commenced in December 1983 with the project being cancelled in June 1988. A number of feasibility studies have since been conducted, but none have found the project to be viable.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
Mavis Bank
Mavis Bank is a rural coffee farming community approximately 10 miles (16 km) north east of Kingston, Jamaica in east rural St. Andrew in the Blue Mountains, close to the border of Portland.

The town takes its name from a surrounding coffee (named after Mavisbank House an historic house in Scotland) which has been owned by the Munn family for many years, and is the main employer in the area. One of the coffees produced by the estate is Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee.

Close to the west south west is a summit of the same name on which stands a tertiary triangulation station (18°01′38″N 76°39′45″W﻿ / ﻿18.027118°N 76.662512°W﻿ / 18.027118; -76.662512).

Portland Parish
Portland (Jamaican Patois: Puotlan), with its capital town Port Antonio, is a parish located on Jamaica's northeast coast. It is situated to the north of St Thomas and to the east of St Mary in Surrey County. It is one of the rural areas of Jamaica, containing part of the Blue Mountains, where the Jamaican Maroon communities of Moore Town and Charles Town are located.
Push Comes to Shove (Jackyl album)
Push Comes to Shove is the second album by the American hard rock band Jackyl, released in 1994. It peaked at No. 46 on the Billboard 200. The title track peaked at No. 7 on Billboard's Album Rock Tracks chart and No. 90 on the UK Singles Chart. The band supported the album by playing Woodstock '94 and touring with ZZ Top and Aerosmith.

Mike Fraser was nominated for a Juno Award, in the "Recording Engineer of the Year" category.

Jesse James Dupree
Jesse James Dupree (born Jesse Dupree; September 22, 1962) is an American musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, chainsaw player, and primary songwriter in the rock band Jackyl, founded in 1991. As a solo performer, he released albums in 2000 and 2008 under the names of Jesse James Dupree and Jesse James Dupree & Dixie Inc., respectively.
Rivoli's hummingbird
Rivoli's hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens), also known as the magnificent hummingbird, is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States.

Trochilinae
Trochilinae is one of the six subfamilies that make up the hummingbird family Trochilidae.

The subfamily is divided into three tribes: Lampornithini (mountain gems) containing 18 species, Mellisugini (bees) containing 37 species and Trochilini (emeralds) containing 115 species.
Mick Quinn (rugby union)
Michael Anthony Mary Quinn (31 May 1952) is a former rugby union footballer who played international rugby as a fly-half for Ireland. He played schools rugby for Newbridge College and captained them to victory in the 1970 Schools Cup Final over Blackrock College RFC. He then moved on to play senior rugby for Lansdowne Football Club before earning a call up to the Ireland national team. In 1976 he was a member of the Ireland squad that went on tour of New Zealand and Fiji.

His family once owned the H Williams chain of supermarkets, which was later sold to Quinnsworth and subsequently to Tesco Ireland.

Blackrock College RFC
Blackrock College Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club located in  Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland. The club was founded in 1882 by former pupils of Blackrock College. Their senior team currently plays in Division 1B of the All-Ireland League

Blackrock College RFC was founded in 1882 making it one of the oldest senior rugby clubs in Ireland. While it bears the name and is closely affiliated to the school at Williamstown, it is a very open local club.

The club fields adult men's and women's teams, under 20s and has a mini and youth section, all of whom are involved in the various competitions throughout Leinster.

The men's senior adult team in Blackrock College RFC is in division 1B of the AIL. The club has a long tradition of producing players for the International side many of whom have also represented the Lions.
M7 road (Malawi)
The M7 road is a road in Malawi that stretches 83 kilometers through the heart of the country. The route traverses a north–south trajectory, connecting the region north of the capital city Lilongwe to the town of Mbobo, providing a link between central Malawi's major population centers and economic hubs.

Lilongwe
Lilongwe (UK: /lɪˈlɒŋweɪ/, US: /-wi, lɪˈlɔːŋweɪ/,) is the capital and largest city of Malawi. It has a population of 989,318 as of the 2018 Census, up from a population of 674,448 in 2008. In 2020, that figure was 1,122,000. The city is located in the central region of Malawi, in the district of the same name, near the borders with Mozambique and Zambia, and it is an important economic and transportation hub for central Malawi. It is named after the Lilongwe River.