hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Firstenberg
Firstenberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Firstenberg (1950–2025), American author and activist

Jean Picker Firstenberg, American non-profit executive

Jonathan Firstenberg (born 1949), American television composer, music supervisor, producer and consultant

Sam Firstenberg (born 1950), Israeli-American film director

Sam Firstenberg
Sam Firstenberg (born Shmulik Firstenberg on March 13, 1950) is an Israeli-American film director, screenwriter and film producer.

He is best known for having made low-budget B movies most of his career, among them the first two films in the American Ninja series, American Ninja and American Ninja 2: The Confrontation as well as Riverbend and Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo.

Firstenberg's filmography includes genres such as comedy, action, drama, science fiction, thrillers, horror and musicals.
Ravindra N. Sudan
Ravindra Nath Sudan (also called Ravi Sudan; June 8, 1931 – January 22, 2009) was an Indian-American electrical engineer and physicist who specialized in plasma physics. He was known for independently discovering the whistler instability in 1963, an instability which causes audible low-frequency radio waves to be emitted in the magnetosphere in the form of whistler waves. He also pioneered the study of the generation and propagation of intense ion beams, and contributed to theories of plasma instabilities and plasma turbulence.

Ion beam
An ion beam is a beam of ions, a type of charged particle beam. Ion beams have many uses in electronics manufacturing (principally ion implantation) and other industries.  There are many ion beam sources, some derived from the mercury vapor thrusters developed by NASA in the 1960s. The most widely used ion beams are of singly-charged ions.
Wan Azraie
Wan Muhammad Azraie bin Wan Teh (born 7 July 1986) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Kuching City as a goalkeeper.

Wan Azraie saved an incredible four penalties as Pahang FA returned to the 2013 Malaysia Super League after an absence of one year following a 3-2 sudden-death shootout win over Kedah FA in the promotion-relegation final at the Hang Jebat Stadium in Malacca in July 2012.

Kedah Darul Aman F.C.
Kedah Darul Aman Football Club (Malay: Kelab Bola Sepak Kedah Darul Aman) is a professional football club based in Alor Setar, Kedah. The club, originally under the administration of the Kedah Football Association, turned professional in 1994 and was privatised in 2021. Today, it is managed by Darulaman Football Club Sdn. Bhd., under the ownership of Tan Sri Dr. Mohd Daud Bakar.

The club currently competes in the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League, the second tier of Malaysian football. They are the first club in the history of Malaysian football to win two consecutive trebles, in 2006–07 and 2007–08, under the guidance of Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah.

Overall, Kedah Darul Aman has won 3 Malaysia Super League titles, 4 Malaysia Premier League titles, 5 Malaysia FA Cups, 5 Malaysia Cups, and 3 Piala Sumbangsih titles.
Cancer Research Institute
The Cancer Research Institute (CRI) is a US non-profit organization funding cancer research. Based in New York City, CRI was founded in 1953 to develop new treatments for cancer. It is a funding body for research rather than a research institute itself. It was founded by Helen Coley Nauts and Oliver R. Grace with a $2,000 grant from Nelson Rockefeller, created in honor of Nauts' father, William Coley, an American orthopedic surgeon and a pioneer of cancer immunotherapy.

The Institute focuses on immunological treatments for cancer, both single treatment approaches and treatments complementing chemotherapy and surgery. It offers research grants to students, postdoctoral fellows, and investigators at medical research institutions, funds clinical trials testing promising immunotherapies, and convenes scientific conferences for tumor immunologists.

Surgical oncology
Surgical oncology is the branch of surgery applied to oncology; it focuses on the surgical management of tumors, especially cancerous tumors.

As one of several modalities in the management of cancer, the specialty of surgical oncology has evolved in steps similar to medical oncology (pharmacotherapy for cancer), which grew out of hematology, and radiation oncology, which grew out of radiology. The Ewing Society—known today as the Society of Surgical Oncology—was started by surgeons interested in promoting the field of oncology. In 2011, the American Board of Surgery ratified Complex General Surgical Oncology via a specialty Board certification. The field was expected to continue expanding via the proliferation of cancer centers, as well as advanced minimally invasive techniques, palliative surgery, and neo-adjuvant treatments.
Pritchard-Moore-Goodrich House
Pritchard-Moore-Goodrich House is a historic residence in Griffin, Georgia in Spalding County, Georgia. It was constructed by Dr. William Prichard in 1850 on land purchased from attorney Robert Lanier, father of Georgia poet Sidney Lanier. The home had a series of owners beginning with William Wadsworth in 1872 until 1919 when it was purchased by Lucien P. Goodrich, Dr. Prichard's grandson. The home is Greek Revival architecture and includes Doric columns as well as some Italianate architecture features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 7, 1973. It is located at 441 North Hill Street.

Sidney Lanier
Sidney Clopton Lanier (February 3, 1842 – September 7, 1881) was an American musician, poet and author. He served in the Confederate States Army as a private, worked on a blockade-running ship for which he was imprisoned (resulting in his catching tuberculosis), taught, worked at a hotel where he gave musical performances, was a church organist, and worked as a lawyer. As a poet he sometimes used dialects. Many of his poems are written in heightened, but often archaic, American English. He became a flautist and sold poems to publications. He eventually became a professor of literature at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, and is known for his adaptation of musical meter to poetry. Many schools, other structures and two lakes are named for him, and he became hailed in the South as the "poet of the Confederacy".  A 1972 US postage stamp honored him as an "American poet".
Gotegaon
Gotegaon (Also Known Chhota Chhindwara) is a city and a municipality in Narsinghpur District of Madhya Pradesh. 
It is the tehsil headquarters of Narsinghpur district in Jabalpur division of Madhya Pradesh state. The district panchayat headquarters of the Panchayat and Rural Development Department of the state of Madhya Pradesh are located in Gotegaon. There are 90 panchayats under this 
Janpad panchayat.

Gotegaon, Narsinghpur district is located almost in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh, The boundary of Gotegaon Tehsil touches Jabalpur district in the north-east and Seoni district in the south.

In the local administration unit Gotegaon ( Chhota Chhindwara ) is located municipality under which there are 15 wards.

Seoni district
Seoni district is an administrative district in the southeastern part of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in the city of Seoni, Madhya Pradesh. The district is known for its rich biodiversity, its location in the Satpura hill ranges, and for its connection to Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book.Seoni District is in southeastern Madhya Pradesh, India.
Leucophyta
Leucophyta is a plant genus which is endemic to Australia.  The genus was first formally described by botanist Robert Brown in 1818.

The sole species in the genus is Leucophyta brownii, also known as cushion bush. In 1891, German botanist Otto Kuntze assigned a number of species to this genus in his publication Revisio Generum Plantarum but none of his name combinations have currency, those species being presently divided between the genera Balladonia, Blennospora, Calocephalus and Gnephosis.

Leucophyta brownii is a small, rounded shrub with tangled tomentose branchlets that give it a silvery appearance. Although it can grow up to a metre high, it is more usually 0.2 to 0.7 metres high. It produces flowers during summer (December to February in Australia), which are white-yellow globular heads and about 1 cm in diameter.

The species is common in cultivation in Australia, with a selected dwarf form from Tasmania, known by the cultivar name 'Silver Nugget', also grown.

Revisio Generum Plantarum
Revisio Generum Plantarum, also known by its standard botanical abbreviation Revis. Gen. Pl., is a botanic treatise by Otto Kuntze. It was published in three volumes; the first two of these appeared in 1891, and the third was published in two parts in 1893 and 1898.

In the first two volumes, Kuntze described his entire collection of  specimens from his voyage around the world, comprising around 7,700 specimens. In doing so, however, he took the opportunity to introduce his novel approach to plant nomenclature, completely revising the nomenclature of many plant taxa. This came as a surprise to most botanists, who rejected or deliberately ignored the work. His third volume replied to much of the criticism leveled against his novel system, but it was still not accepted, and Kuntze remained in dispute with the botanical community over it for the rest of this life.
2008 French White Paper on Defence and National Security
The 2008 French White Paper on Defence and National Security was a  defence reform of the French Armed Forces. On 31 July 2007, president Nicolas Sarkozy ordered M. Jean-Claude Mallet, a member of the Council of State, to head up a 35-member commission charged with a wide-ranging review of French defence. The commission issued its white paper (French: livre blanc) in early 2008. Acting upon its recommendations, Sarkozy began making radical changes in French defence policy and structures starting in the summer of 2008. The proposed force structure was to be complete by 2014-15.

White paper
A white paper is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business.  Today, a business-to-business white paper falls under grey literature, more akin to a marketing presentation meant to persuade customers and partners, and promote a certain product or viewpoint.

The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the UK government.
Epilobocera
Epilobocera is a genus of crabs in the family Epiloboceridae (formerly Pseudothelphusidae). It is the only genus in its family; this taxonomic arrangement follows the revision of the family Pseudothelphusidae by Álvarez and colleagues.

Pseudothelphusidae
Pseudothelphusidae is a family of freshwater crabs found chiefly in mountain streams in the Neotropics. They are believed to have originated in the Greater Antilles and then crossed to Central America via a Pliocene land bridge. Some species of this family are troglobitic.
Wall of kindness
A wall of kindness (Persian: دیوار مهربانی dīvār-e mehrabānī; Urdu: دیوار مہربانی Dewar e meherbani) is a charity work phenomenon and a kind of welfare, usually done by attaching cloth hangers from outside of houses; those encourage people to donate miscellaneous useful things such as winter clothing. It was introduced by an anonymous Iranian, and the practice quickly spread throughout the country. The motto of the movement are two sentences that appear on the walls: "Leave what you don't need" (نیاز نداری بگذار) and "Take what you do" (نیاز داری بردار).

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Koro, Mali
Koro (Kɔ́rɔ́) is a town and commune and seat of the Cercle of Koro in the Mopti Region of Mali. At the 2009 Census, the commune had a population of 62,681.

Jamsay Dogon is spoken in Koro. Other than Dogon people, there are also some Burkinabé living in Koro. There is a weekly Saturday market.

Agriculture is the source of income in Koro.

Fulani herdsmen and Dogon farmers signed three humanitarian agreements on 12, 22, and 24 January 2021 to end fighting in Koro.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
Solo in Berlin 1975
Solo in Berlin 1975 is a live solo trombone album by Paul Rutherford. Four tracks were recorded at the FMP Workshop Freie Musik at the Akademie der Künste in Berlin on March 31, 1975, while the remaining tracks were recorded at the FMP Total Music Meeting at Quartier Latin in Berlin on November 7 and 8, 1975. The album was released in 2007 by Emanem Records

According to Rutherford, prior to one of the concerts, he was approached by fellow trombonist Vinko Globokar, who asked him what he was going to play, and how he was going to start his set. Rutherford responded: "I don't know. I'm just going to go out and play... I don't want any idea. I'm going to improvise, and I'm going to go on to play improvised music."

Vinko Globokar
Vinko Globokar (born 7 July 1934) is a French-Slovenian avant-garde composer and trombonist.

Globokar's music uses unconventional and extended techniques, places great emphasis on spontaneity and creativity, and often relies on improvisation. His extensive output is largely unknown outside of experimental music circles.

As a trombonist, he has premiered works by Luciano Berio, Mauricio Kagel, René Leibowitz, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Toru Takemitsu, as well as his own compositions.
Barbara Johnstone
Barbara Johnstone (born March 24, 1952) is an American professor of rhetoric and linguistics at Carnegie Mellon University.  She specializes in discourse structure and function, sociolinguistics, rhetorical theory, and methods of text analysis. She was the editor in chief of Language in Society from 2005 to 2013,  and is the editor of Pittsburgh Speech & Society, a website about Pittsburgh English for non-linguists.  She has published several books, including Speaking Pittsburghese (2013) and Discourse Analysis, 2nd Ed. (2008). She has also written for The New York Times.

Rhetorical structure theory
Rhetorical structure theory (RST) is a theory of text organization that describes relations that hold between parts of text. It was originally developed by William Mann, Sandra Thompson, Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen and others at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (ISI) and defined in a 1988 paper. The theory was developed as part of studies of computer-based text generation. Natural language researchers later began using RST in text summarization and other applications. It explains coherence by postulating a hierarchical, connected structure of texts.  In 2000, Daniel Marcu, also of ISI, demonstrated that practical discourse parsing and text summarization also could be achieved using RST.
Emyr
Emyr is a Welsh given name.

Notable people with the name include:

Emyr Humphreys (born 1919), leading Welsh novelist, poet and author

Emyr Huws (born 1993), Welsh former footballer

Emyr Jones Parry, GCMG, FInstP (born 1947), retired British diplomat

Emyr Lewis (born 1968), former Wales international rugby union player

Emyr Wyn Lewis (born 1982), Welsh rugby union footballer

Emyr Llewelyn, Welsh political activist

Gwil Owen (born 1960), American singer-songwriter

Emyr Llywelyn
Emyr Llywelyn Jones is a Welsh political activist, who was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Mudiad Adfer was established based on his philosophies, and those of Owain Owain and Professor J. R. Jones. Commonly known as Emyr Llywelyn, he is also known as Emyr Llew. He is the son of author and poet T. Llew Jones and Margaret Enidwen Jones.

Llywelyn was educated at Ysgol Gynradd Coed-y-bryn, Llandysul Grammar School  and the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.

He is one of the founders and a contributor to the Welsh monthly publication, Y Faner Newydd.

Llywelyn was imprisoned in 1963 for causing damage to the building site of the dam at Tryweryn; he was sentenced to 12 months imprisonment.

In 2000 Llywelyn, who at that time was a member of Cylch yr Iaith, was imprisoned again, this time for a week for not paying his TV licence.

He worked as a Welsh teacher for several decades, at schools in Port Talbot, Llanon and Aberaeron, and now resides in Ffostrasol, Ceredigion.
35th Hong Kong Film Awards
The 35th Hong Kong Film Awards presentation ceremony took place in Hong Kong Cultural Centre on 3 April 2016. The host of the awards ceremony was Sean Lau. The state-owned China Central Television did not air the program as it had previously for every year since 1991; this was because the film nominated for best picture in the awards, Ten Years, was seen to be critical of China's influence over Hong Kong. The Chinese government was reported to have ordered the state broadcaster not to broadcast the ceremony.

China Central Television
China Central Television (CCTV) is the national television broadcaster of the People's Republic of China. Established in 1958 as Peking Television, it was renamed as CCTV in 1978 and became a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network. It is operated by China Media Group, supervised by National Radio and Television Administration, and led by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Freedom House and The Guardian commented that CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies.
April 1969 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, April 2, 1969, with an umbral magnitude of −0.3046. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 4.2 days before perigee (on April 7, 1969, at 1:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

Earth's shadow
Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe —sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge—appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear.

Since the angular diameters of the Sun and the Moon as viewed from Earth's surface are almost the same, the ratio of the length of Earth's shadow to the distance between Earth and the Moon will be almost equal to the ratio of the diameters of Earth and the Moon.

Since Earth's diameter is 3.7 times the Moon's, the length of the planet's umbra is correspondingly 3.7 times the average distance from the Moon to Earth: about 1.4 million km (870,000 mi). The diameter of Earth's shadow at lunar distance is about 9,000 km (5,600 mi), or 2.6 lunar diameters, which allows observation of total lunar eclipses from Earth.
Narumi-juku
Narumi-juku (鳴海宿, Narumi-juku) was the fortieth of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in former Owari Province in what is now part of the Midori-ku section of the city of Nagoya, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

Owari Province
Owari Province (尾張国, Owari no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜ.wa.ɾʲi (no kɯ.ɲi), o.wa.ɾʲiꜜ-])  was a province of Japan in the area that today forms the western half of Aichi Prefecture, including the modern city of Nagoya.  The province was created in 646. Owari bordered on Mikawa, Mino, and Ise Provinces. Owari and Mino provinces were separated by the Sakai River, which means "border river." The province's abbreviated name was Bishū (尾州).

Owari is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Owari was ranked as a "superior country" (上国) and a "near country" (近国), in relation to its distance from the capital.
2023 New Zealand Motocross Championship
The 2023 New Zealand Motocross Championship season was the 49th New Zealand Motocross Championship season.

The series had four rounds across the country, running from early February to late March. This was the first championship since 2021, as the previous year's competition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hamish Harwood was the reigning champion in the MX1 category, after taking his fifth national title in 2021. However, he would eventually finish as runner-up to Maximus Purvis, who took his first MX1 national title. In the MX2 class, Cody Cooper won his tenth senior national title overall, after dropping back into the class for 2023.

The third round of the championship was originally scheduled to take place at the Hawke's Bay track. Following Cyclone Gabrielle, the round had to be cancelled with the final round at Taupō being converted into a double-header in its place.

Hawke's Bay
Hawke's Bay (Māori: Te Matau-a-Māui) is a region on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island. The region is named after Hawke Bay, which was named in honour of Edward Hawke. The region's main centres are the cities of Napier and Hastings, while the more rural parts of the region are served by the towns of Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Wairoa.
Nick Knox
Nick Knox (born Nicholas George Stephanoff; March 26, 1953 – June 15, 2018) was an American drummer for the psychobilly band The Cramps. He replaced Miriam Linna in 1977 and left in 1991. Knox was with The Cramps during the peak of their worldwide popularity when they toured Europe extensively in 1986 with the A Date with Elvis tour. He drafted in his cousin, Mike Metoff (aka Ike Knox, ex The Pagans) during the preceding European tour in 1984. Knox was recognised as the drummer who brought a tightness to the Cramps sound, and stayed longer than any other drummer in the band. Before joining the Cramps, he was a member of protopunk band The Electric Eels.

Later Knox was the "senior advisor" to the Cleveland-based punk band Archie and the Bunkers, and worked closely with the band on their 2017 single on Norton Records.

Knox died of cardiogenic shock on June 15, 2018.

Proto-punk
Proto-punk (or protopunk) is music that foreshadowed the punk rock genre, particularly rock music artists during the 1960s and early-to mid 1970s. A retrospective label, the musicians involved were generally not originally associated with each other and came from a variety of backgrounds and styles; together, they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.

The tendency towards aggressive, raw, simplistic rock songs is a trend rooted in the earliest forms of rock and roll. The American garage rock movement of the mid-1960s is a key influence in the development of punk rock. By the late 1960s, Detroit bands the Stooges and MC5 had taken the influence of garage groups to form a distinct prototypical punk sound. In the following years, this sound spread both domestically and internationally,  alongside glam rock and pub rock, into several regional early underground punk scenes in New York, Ohio, Australia and England.