hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whale watching in Australia
Whale watching in Australia is a popular recreational pursuit and a tourist activity along various coasts. In 2008, whale and dolphin watching was worth an estimated A$31 million in direct expenditure to the Australian economy with an estimated 1.6 million tourists participating in the activity. Humpback whales are the most common species seen in the waters surrounding Australia while southern right whales, minke whales and blue whales are also seen.

Whaling in Australia took place from 1788 to 1978 and was once commercially successful. The Australian Whale Sanctuary, which includes all of the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), was established in 1999 to protect dolphins and whales from hunting.

Whale watchers are restricted to approaches as close as 300 metres (984 ft) in order to protect the animals.

Minke whale
The minke whale (/ˈmɪŋki/), or lesser rorqual, is a species complex of baleen whale. The two species of minke whale are the northern common minke whale and the southern Antarctic minke whale. The minke whale was first described by the Danish naturalist Otto Fabricius in 1780, who assumed it must be an already known species and assigned his specimen to Balaena rostrata, a name given to the northern bottlenose whale by Otto Friedrich Müller in 1776. In 1804, Bernard Germain de Lacépède described a juvenile specimen of Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata. The name is a partial translation of Norwegian minkehval, possibly after a Norwegian whaler named Meincke, who mistook a northern minke whale for a blue whale.
Rožno
Rožno (pronounced [ˈɾoːʒnɔ], German: Roschno) is a dispersed settlement on the left bank of the Sava River west of Brestanica in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Tebenna gnaphaliella
Tebenna gnaphaliella, the everlasting tebenna moth, is a moth of the family Choreutidae. It is found from Florida to California and north at least to New Hampshire.

The wingspan is about 10 mm. It is extremely similar/identical to the Palearctic Tebenna micalis.

Adults are on wing in June and July. There are probably at least two generations per year. They are usually found on flowers of herbaceous plants.

The larvae feed on various plants (cudweed, everlasting, pussytoes) formerly placed in the genus Gnaphalium, including Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium, Pseudognaphalium helleri, and Helichrysum species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Choreutidae
Choreutidae, or metalmark moths, are a family of insects in the lepidopteran order whose relationships have been long disputed. It was placed previously in the superfamily Yponomeutoidea in family Glyphipterigidae and in superfamily Sesioidea. It is now considered to represent its own superfamily (Minet, 1986). The relationship of the family to the other lineages in the group "Apoditrysia" need a new assessment, especially with new molecular data.
Bill Watterson
William Boyd Watterson II (born July 5, 1958) is an American cartoonist who authored the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes. The strip was syndicated from 1985 to 1995. Watterson concluded Calvin and Hobbes with a short statement to newspaper readers that he felt he had achieved all he could in the medium. Watterson is known for his negative views on comic syndication and licensing, his efforts to expand and elevate the newspaper comic as an art form, and his move back into private life after Calvin and Hobbes ended.

Watterson was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. The suburban Midwestern United States setting of Ohio was part of the inspiration for the setting of Calvin and Hobbes. Watterson currently lives in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. He cited works from Richard Thompson, Winsor McCay, George Herriman, Walt Kelly, Jim Borgman, Paul Coker, Chuck Jones and Tex Avery as his main influences.

Private sphere
The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere. The private sphere is a certain sector of societal life in which an individual enjoys a degree of authority and tradition, unhampered by interventions from governmental, economic or other institutions. Examples of the private sphere are high society, religion, sex, family and home.

In public-sphere theory, on the bourgeois model, the private sphere is that domain of one's life in which one works for oneself. In that domain, people work, exchange goods, and maintain their families; it is therefore, in that sense, separate from the rest of society.
Hippology
Hippology (from Greek: ἵππος, hippos, "horse"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of horses.

Today, hippology is the title of an equine veterinary and management knowledge contest that is used in 4-H, Future Farmers of America (FFA), and many horse breed contests. Hippology consists of four phases: horse judging, written examination and slide identification, ID stations, and team problem-solving. Many people across the United States and in other countries compete in hippology-related knowledge competitions annually.
Items covered in the contest may cover any equine subject, including reproduction, training, parasites, dressage, history and origins, anatomy and physiology, driving and harnessing, horse industry, horse management, breeds, genetics, western games, colors, famous horses in history, parts of the saddle, types of bits, gaits, competitions, poisonous plants, and nutrition.

Horse management
Horse management, also called horse husbandry, are the actions taken to care for horses, ponies, mules, donkeys and other domesticated equids, including housing, feeding, hygiene, health, and general welfare.
Acetoin racemase
In enzymology, an acetoin racemase (EC 5.1.2.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)-acetoin  (R)-acetoin

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetoin racemase. This enzyme is also called acetylmethylcarbinol racemase.  This enzyme participates in butanoate metabolism.

Butyric acid
Butyric acid (/bjuːˈtɪrɪk/; from Ancient Greek: βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COOH. It is an oily, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid) is an isomer. Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. The acid does not occur widely in nature, but its esters are widespread. It is a common industrial chemical and an important component in the mammalian gut.
Richard King (baseball)
Richard Elmer "King Tut" King (September 15, 1904 - December 29, 1966) was an American professional baseball first baseman in the Negro leagues. He played with the Cincinnati/Indianapolis Clowns in 1943, 1945, and 1948.

King was known more for performing pantomime comedy acts than his playing ability. He often worked alongside dwarf Spec Bebop, where the two performed a rowboat routine. King was also known for his oversized first baseman's mitt. He eventually transitioned away from playing altogether, but remained associated with the Clowns until his retirement in 1959.

Indianapolis Clowns
The Indianapolis Clowns were a professional baseball team in the Negro American League. Tracing their origins back to the 1930s, the Clowns were the last of the Negro league teams to disband, continuing to play exhibition games into the 1980s. They began play as the independent Ethiopian Clowns, joined the Negro American League as the Cincinnati Clowns and, after a couple of years, relocated to Indianapolis. Hank Aaron was a Clown for a short period, and the Clowns were also one of the first professional baseball teams to hire a female player.
Mosonmagyaróvár
Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian: [ˈmoʃonmɒɟɒroːvaːr]; German: Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg; also known by other alternative names) is a town in Győr-Moson-Sopron County in northwestern Hungary. It lies close to both the Austrian and Slovak borders and has a population of 32,752 (as of 2015).

Mosonmagyaróvár used to be two separate towns, Magyaróvár (German: Ungarisch Altenburg, Slovak: Uhorský Starhrad) and Moson (German: Wieselburg, Slovak: Mošon). The town of Moson was the original capital of Moson County in the Kingdom of Hungary, but the county seat was moved to Magyaróvár during the Middle Ages. The two towns were combined in 1939, and by now almost all signs of dualism have disappeared, as the space between the two towns has become physically and culturally developed. Due to the name's length, Mosonmagyaróvár is also referred to as Óvár amongst locals and Moson by foreigners. The Hansági Museum is located in Mosonmagyaróvár.

Győr–Moson–Sopron County
Győr–Moson–Sopron (Hungarian: Győr-Moson-Sopron vármegye, pronounced [ˈɟøːr ˈmoʃon ˈʃopron ˈvaːrmɛɟɛ]; German: Komitat Raab-Wieselburg-Ödenburg; Slovak: Rábsko-mošonsko-šopronská župa) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in north-western Hungary, on the border with Slovakia (Bratislava region, Nitra region and Trnava region) and Austria (Burgenland). It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Komárom–Esztergom, Veszprém and Vas. The capital of Győr–Moson–Sopron county is Győr. The county is a part of the Centrope project.
20th Anniversary Mai Kuraki Live Project 2019 "Let's Goal!: Barairo no Jinsei"
20th Anniversary Mai Kuraki Live Project 2019 "Let's Goal!: Barairo no Jinsei" (20th Anniversary Mai Kuraki Live Project 2019 "Let's GOAL! ~薔薇色の人生~") is the twenty-third video album by Japanese singer-songwriter Mai Kuraki. It was released through Northern Music on June 24, 2020. The video album was originally set for release on April 29, 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The release features Kuraki's performance during her 20th Anniversary Mai Kuraki Live Project 2019 "Let's Goal!: Barairo no Jinsei" Tour in Tokyo on October 26, 2019.

B Zone
B ZONE, Inc. (株式会社B ZONE, Kabushiki-gaisha B Zone) (aka B ZONE Group), formerly known as Being, Inc. (aka Being Giza Group), is a Japanese private entertainment conglomerate and recording label based in Tokyo's Roppongi district, founded on November 1, 1978, by music producer Daiko Nagato. The company and its subsidiaries are the main supplier of theme music for the anime series Detective Conan. As of May 2023, over 130 theme songs have been supplied to the anime television series and movies by the B ZONE Group. On 4 April 2023, Being changed company name to B Zone.
Deji Plaza
Deji Plaza (simplified Chinese: 德基广场; traditional Chinese: 德基廣場; pinyin: Déjī Guǎngchǎng) is an upscale office and shopping mall complex in Xinjiekou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.

The shopping mall is one of the largest in Nanjing and features flagship stores of numerous luxurious brands, including Gucci, Yves Saint Laurent, Louis Vuitton, Bvlgari, Cartier, Dior, Hermes, Chanel, prada, Tiffany & Co., among others. It also include an Ice Rink and an IMAX theatre.

Yves Saint Laurent (fashion house)
Yves Saint Laurent SAS (/ˌiːv ˌsæ̃ lɔːˈrɒ̃/, also UK: /- lɒ-/, US: /- loʊ-/; French: [iv sɛ̃ lɔʁɑ̃] ⓘ), also known as Saint Laurent and YSL, is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1961 by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé. The company specializes in couture, ready-to-wear, leather accessories, and footwear. Its cosmetics line, YSL Beauty, is owned by L'Oréal. Cédric Charbit has been CEO of Yves Saint Laurent since 2024, and Anthony Vaccarello creative director since 2016. In 2024, Yves Saint Laurent reported 2.9 billion euros in sales.
Radio 7
Radio 7 is a German radio station. It is broadcast via FM in southeastern Baden-Württemberg and can also be received in neighboring Switzerland. It is also broadcast via DAB+ in the entirety of Baden-Württemberg since 1 December 2014, and in Bavarian Swabia since 31 August 2020. Its main studio is located in Ulm, it also has local studios in Aalen, Konstanz, Ravensburg and Tuttlingen. As of 2019, Radio 7 has about 156,000 listeners per hour and 889,000 listeners per day.

Tuttlingen
Tuttlingen (German pronunciation: [ˈtʊtlɪŋən] ⓘ; Alemannic: Duttlinga) is a town in Baden-Württemberg, capital of the district Tuttlingen. Nendingen, Möhringen and Eßlingen are three former municipalities that belong to Tuttlingen. Tuttlingen is located in Swabia east of the Black Forest region in the Swabian Jura.
Count of Sabugosa
The Count of Sabugosa (Portuguese: Conde de Sabugosa), was a title created by letter on 19 September 1729 by King John V of Portugal for Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses and his descendants.

After the founding of the First Portuguese Republic (1910-1926) and the end of noble titles, the successors became pretenders to the title.

First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.
Bryan Burnett
Bryan Burnett is a Scottish television and radio presenter, currently best known for his work with BBC Radio Scotland.

Burnett began his career at Northsound Radio in Aberdeen, before spending six years with Radio Clyde in Glasgow, where he presented the Top 40 chart show.

During the 1990s and early 2000s he presented numerous programmes for Scottish Television, including holiday show Scottish Passport and game shows Passport Quiz, Red Amber Green and Party Animals.

For 15 years Burnett presented Brand New Country on BBC Radio Scotland, earning him the title International Broadcaster of the Year at the 2005 Country Music Association awards in Nashville. He currently presents Get It On a music requests show whereby listeners submit requests based on a particular theme.

Northsound 1
Northsound 1 is an Independent Local Radio station formerly based in Aberdeen, Scotland, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Aberdeenshire and North East Scotland, although the station no longer has any studios or offices in Aberdeen. In March 2025 it was announced that Northsound's studio building was to close and be put up for sale.

As of September 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 117,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment
The Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment serves as Stanford University's environmental studies hub for faculty. An interdisciplinary research lab, Woods encompasses senior fellows and affiliated faculty as well as researchers, postdoctoral scholars, and students collaborating on sustainability research. It supports research in seven areas: climate, ecosystem services and conservation biology, food security, freshwater, oceans, public health, and sustainable development. It provides seed funding for environmental research and supports seven research centers, programs and workshops. In September 2022, it became part of the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Young Innovation Leaders Fellowship
The Young Innovation Leaders (YIL) Fellowship is an initiative of Hutzpa Centre for Innovation and Development aimed at training and mentoring young professionals in innovation leadership. YIL Fellowship runs mainly in Nigeria and in Ghana and is one of the reputable national youth programs in both countries.

YIL has engaged multilateral organizations the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Nigeria, and organizations such as hospitals and universities in solving their practical challenges during the fellowship using its project-based learning model. It is recognized by the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) as a model youth development program.

United Nations Population Fund
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide. Its work includes developing national healthcare strategies and protocols, increasing access to birth control, and leading campaigns against child marriage, gender-based violence, obstetric fistula, and female genital mutilation.

The UNFPA supports programs in more than 144 countries across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. Around three-quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a founding member of the United Nations Development Group, a collection of UN agencies and programmes focused on fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
GRANI Center
Civic Analysis and Independent Research Center “GRANI” (Russian: Фонд «Центр гражданского анализа и независимых исследований „ГРАНИ“»; commonly the GRANI Center) is a nonprofit organization based in Perm, Russia, known for research and expert support for civil society groups and for public controversy in the 2010s linked to Russia’s “foreign agent” NGO register.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Mita Bungaku
Mita Bungaku (三田文學) is a Japanese literary magazine established in 1910 at Keio University that published early works by young Japanese authors such as Yōjirō Ishizaka, Kyōka Izumi, Hakushū Kitahara, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Takitarō Minakami, Kojima Masajirō, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, and Ayako Sono.

Mita Bungaku was established by student and author Mantarō Kubota and others with help from Kafū Nagai in 1910. The magazine is published monthly.

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (芥川 龍之介, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke; Japanese pronunciation: [ɾʲɯː.no.sɯ̥.ke], 1 March 1892 – 24 July 1927), art name Chōkōdō Shujin (澄江堂主人), was a Japanese writer active in the Taishō period in Japan. He is regarded as the "father of the Japanese short story", and Japan's premier literary award, the Akutagawa Prize, is named after him. He took his own life at the age of 35 through an overdose of barbital.
Sarcófago
Sarcófago was a Brazilian extreme metal band formed in 1985. They were fronted by Sepultura's original singer, Wagner Lamounier, and Geraldo Minelli.

The cover art of the band's debut album, I.N.R.I., is regarded as a great influence on black metal's corpse paint imagery. That record is also considered one of the "first wave" albums that helped shape the genre.

The band broke up in 2000, after releasing the Crust EP. Former members, minus Wagner, played throughout Brazil in 2006 under the moniker Tributo ao Sarcófago (Tribute to Sarcófago). In 2009, rumors surfaced that the original I.N.R.I. line-up were reuniting for a small, high-profile tour, but proved to be false. A reissue of their back catalogue is in the works, a joint effort between Cogumelo Records and American label Greyhaze.

Terrorizer (magazine)
Terrorizer was an extreme music magazine published by Dark Arts Ltd. in the United Kingdom. It was released every four weeks with thirteen issues a year and featured a "Fear Candy" covermount CD, a twice yearly "Fear Candy Unsigned" CD, and a double-sided poster. It ceased publication in 2018 after nearly 25 years.
1967–68 Swiss 1. Liga
The 1967–68 1. Liga season was the 36th season of the 1. Liga since its creation in 1931. At this time, the 1. Liga was the third tier of the Swiss football league system and it was the highest level of amateur football. The two higher divisions in Switzerland, at this time, were becoming professional or, at least, semi-professional.

1968–69 Nationalliga A
The following is the summary of the Swiss National League in the 1968–69 football season, both Nationalliga A and Nationalliga B. This was the 72nd season of top-tier and the 71st season of second-tier football in Switzerland.
Optical properties
The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include:

Refractive index

Dispersion

Transmittance and Transmission coefficient

Absorption

Scattering

Turbidity

Reflectance and Reflectivity (reflection coefficient)

Albedo

Perceived color

Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

Photoluminescence

Optical bistability

Dichroism

Birefringence

Optical activity

Photosensitivity

A basic distinction is between isotropic materials, which exhibit the same properties regardless of the direction of the light, and anisotropic ones, which exhibit different properties when light passes through them in different directions.

The optical properties of matter can lead to a variety of interesting optical phenomena.

Photosensitivity
In medicine, photosensitivity is an abnormal reaction of the skin to light. There are two types: photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.
Grueneberg ganglion
The Grueneberg ganglion (GG), also written as Grüneberg ganglion is an olfactory subsystem located at the entrance of the nasal cavity of rodents. It was first described by Hans Grüneberg in 1973.

It is mainly implicated in the detection of volatile compounds signaling danger as the alarm pheromones emitted by stressed conspecifics, but also by several categories of kairomones emitted by the urine of predatory carnivores. The detection of these compounds by the Grueneberg ganglion induces fear-behaviors in the receiver.

The Grueneberg ganglion is also activated by cold temperatures.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.