hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Borwick (politician)
George Oldroyd Borwick DSO (7 March 1879 – 27 June 1964) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected at the 1918 general election as member of parliament (MP) for Croydon North, but stepped down at the 1922 election. He did not stand for Parliament again.

He was awarded a DSO in 1917.

1922 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Wednesday 15 November 1922. It was won by the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Bonar Law, which gained an overall majority over the Labour Party, led by J. R. Clynes, and a divided Liberal Party.

This election is considered one of political realignment, with the Liberal Party falling to third-party status. The Conservative Party went on to spend all but eight of the next forty-two years as the largest party in Parliament, and Labour emerged as the main competition to the Conservatives.

The election was the first not to be held in Southern Ireland, due to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, under which Southern Ireland was to secede from the United Kingdom as a Dominion – the Irish Free State – on 6 December 1922. This reduced the size of the House of Commons by nearly one hundred seats when compared to the previous election.
Lycée Racine
The lycée Racine is a public school in the quartier de l'Europe located in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. It consists of a lycée as well as BTS assistant manager and BTS bank staff courses. It takes the name of Jean Racine, playwright and historiographer to the King.

The main site is served by the métro stations of Saint-Lazare, Saint-Augustin and Europe. The second site (Naples) is served by the stations Villiers, Europe and Miromesnil.

Brevet de technicien supérieur
The Brevet de technicien supérieur (BTS) senior technologist’s certificate (in English: "Advanced Technician Certificate") is a national diploma of higher education in France, established in 1959.

The technician certificate is usually earned in two years, after graduating with a "Bac" (baccalauréat) in a section of senior technician (STS) or a general section such as Science, Economics depending on the program. The training curriculum includes periods of internship.

The BTS is a level 5 diploma in the French diploma system (equivalent to level 5 ISCED in England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Graduation is by final exam scores which includes an oral presentation of a written internship report.
Bob Melby
Robert E. Melby (August 6, 1928 – January 12, 2019) was an American optometrist and politician in the state of Florida.

Bob was born in Thief River Falls, Minnesota and came to Florida in 1956. He attended St. Olaf College, Moorhead State College, Illinois College of Optometry, and the New England College of Optometry and holds a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree. He served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1978 to 1982 for district 59. He lost reelection in 1982. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Melby ran for the Florida Senate in 1986 for the 18th district. He lost the general election to the incumbent, Jeanne Malchon.

Illinois College of Optometry
The Illinois College of Optometry (ICO) is a private optometry college in Chicago, Illinois. Graduating approximately 160 optometrists a year, it is the largest optometry college in the United States and the oldest continually operating educational facility dedicated solely to the teaching of optometrists. The college complex incorporates more than 366,000 square feet (34,000 m2) including an on-site eye care clinic, electronically enhanced lecture center, library, computerized clinical learning equipment, cafeteria, fitness center, and living facilities.
Sandettie Bank
51°14′00″N 1°57′00″E﻿ / ﻿51.23333°N 1.95000°E﻿ / 51.23333; 1.95000

The Sandettie Bank (French: Banc de Sandettié) is an elongated sandbank in the southern North Sea, more specifically about in the middle of the northeastern entrance to the Strait of Dover. North-west of it are the hazardous Goodwin Sands, south of it the sandbank Ruytingen.

The shoal represents a significant threat to the major shipping lanes in the Strait of Dover.  From 1902 to 1989 it was marked by a succession of French lightships, all bearing the name Sandettié while deployed there. The last such crewed lightship is now a museum ship at the Port Museum of Dunkirk at anchor.

Today the British authority Trinity House maintains an uncrewed lightship there, the Sandettie Light Vessel Automatic which also has an automatic weather station.

Lightship
A lightvessel, or lightship, is a ship that acts as a lighthouse in areas deemed unsuitable for proper lighthouse construction. Although some records exist of fire beacons being placed on ships in Roman times, the first modern lightship was invented by Robert Hamblin in 1734 and was located off the Nore sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames in London, England. Lightships have since been rendered obsolete by advancing lighthouse construction techniques, and by large automated navigation buoys (LANBY).
Silent Hunter (laser weapon)
The Silent Hunter is an anti-drone laser weapon developed in China. It is an improved version of the 30-kilowatt Low-Altitude Laser Defending System (LASS) and is available in both fixed and mobile versions.

Poly Technologies
Poly Technologies (Chinese: 保利科技有限公司), sometimes abbreviated as PolyTech, a subsidiary of China Poly Group Corporation, is a trade company with headquarters in Beijing, China. The company deals with missiles and other military products. The company was founded by the Chinese People's Liberation Army in order to provide competition to China North Industries Corporation (Norinco). The company is one of China's largest arms exporters and has been sanctioned by the United States.

As a traditional pillar industry of Poly Group Corp., the international trading business is mainly undertaken by Poly Technologies Inc., both the predecessor of the Poly Group and a backbone enterprise of the Group.
Stand by Your Man (LL Cool J song)
"Stand by Your Man" is a song by American rapper and actor LL Cool J, released as the final single from his fifth studio album, 14 Shots to the Dome (1993). It was released on October 4, 1993 by Def Jam Recordings, and was produced by Marley Marl and LL Cool J. "Stand By Your Man" had the least commercial success of the four singles, only making it to number 67 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and 24 on the Hot Rap Tracks. The B-side was "Soul Survivor".

"Stand by Your Man" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance but lost to "Let Me Ride" by Dr. Dre.

Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance was awarded from 1991 to 2011, alongside the Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.  Previously, a single award was presented for Best Rap Performance.

In 2003, this award was split into separate awards for Best Female Rap Solo Performance and Best Male Rap Solo Performance.  In 2005, it was again presented as a single award.

As of 2012, the award was permanently discontinued due to a major overhaul of Grammy categories. Since 2012, all solo and duo/group rap performances has been shifted to the revived Best Rap Performance category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released from October a year and a half prior to September the previous year.
Ranunculus acraeus
Ranunculus acraeus is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, found in New Zealand. This rare and native species strictly grows on an alpine habitat, hence the name acraeus, meaning "on high". The plant grows about 50 cm (20 in) in width, and is covered in beautiful, bright yellow flowers. It may be mistaken for R. piliferus but research has shown R. acraeus to be its own distinctive species.

Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (/rənʌŋkjuːˈleɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/ rə-nung-kew-LAY-see-e(y)e, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin rānunculus "little frog", from rāna "frog") is a large family of flowering plants, distributed worldwide.

As of February 2026, World Flora Online accepted 53 genera and over 3,700 species. The largest genera are Ranunculus with more than 1,600 species, Delphinium with more than 500, and Clematis with almost 400.
Union of Polish Stage Artists
Union of Polish Stage Artists (Związek Artystów Scen Polskich ZASP – Stowarzyszenie) is a Polish union established 21 December 1918, during Constitutional Congress in Rozmaitości Theater in Warsaw. First chair was Józef Śliwicki. The statute of the Union was signed, among others, by: Stefan Jaracz, Juliusz Osterwa and Aleksander Zelwerowicz.

Juliusz Osterwa
Juliusz Osterwa, born Julian Andrzej Maluszek (23 June 1885 – 10 May 1947), was a renowned Polish actor, theatre director and art theoretician active in the interwar period. He was the founder of Theatre Reduta, the first experimental stage in Warsaw following Poland's return to independence at the end of World War One. Osterwa began his Warsaw career at the age of 33 by staging the works of Poland's revolutionary dramatists including Juliusz Słowacki, Stanisław Wyspiański, Stefan Żeromski, Jerzy Szaniawski, Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, and Cyprian Norwid. This team was commonly known as the actor's commune, resembling an ascetic monastery devoted to spiritual practice.
John Lowther du Plat Taylor
Colonel John Lowther du Plat Taylor CB VD (1829 – 5 March 1904) was the founder of the Army Post Office Corps and the Post Office Rifles.

Du Plat Taylor trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, but left in 1844 before he was commissioned. He then joined the Consular Service and was posted to China but was invalided back home after just two years. He joined the General Post Office in 1852 and worked as a Private Secretary to the Secretary of the Post Office, Sir Rowland Hill and then to Postmaster General.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
John B. Totushek
John Benjamin Totushek (born September 7, 1944) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy. He was Chief of the United States Naval Reserve from October 1998 until October 2003. After retirement, he served as president and CEO of the United States Navy Memorial Foundation from November 2011 to July 2016.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Mangaon
Mangaon is a Village and tehsil (council) in the Konkan Division, India. It is located in the Raigad district, 80 km (49.7 mi) from Alibaug headquarters, and 139 km (86.4 mi) from the capital city of Bombay (Mumbai). The area is located towards the Panjim side of Goa.

Konkan division
Konkan division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. It comprises the central portions of the Konkani region, excluding Goa and Daman, which were absorbed into Maharashtra owing to the States Reorganisation of India. Konkan division is the western section of present-day Maharashtra, alongside the west coast of India. The two districts of the state capital of Mumbai (Bombay) also fall into this division.
Brachiocephalic vein
The left and right brachiocephalic veins (previously called innominate veins) are major veins in the upper chest, formed by the union of the ipsilateral internal jugular vein and subclavian vein (the so-called venous angle) behind the sternoclavicular joint. The left brachiocephalic vein is more than twice the length of the right brachiocephalic vein.

These veins merge to form the superior vena cava, a great vessel, posterior to the junction of the first costal cartilage with the manubrium of the sternum.

The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava.

Costal cartilage
Costal cartilage, also known as rib cartilage, are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension.
Confederate Oath of Association
The Confederate Oath of Association was an oath of allegiance made by Irish Confederate Catholics during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1638–1653).

An oath was drafted at a synod at Kilkenny in May 1642. It emphasised the Confederates' loyalty to the Stuart monarchy, their unity, their commitment to protect each other's property rights and their desire for equality of religious practises. From the Execution of Charles I in 1649 its acceptance of royal power extended to his son Charles II of England.

Right to property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their private property. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is credited as a significant precedent for the legal protection of individual property rights.

A right to property is specified in Article 17 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or in the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights acknowledges a right for a natural or legal person to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the "general interest or to secure the payment of taxes."
Veertien Mie
Veertien Mie (ヴィアティン三重, Viatin Mie) is a Japanese football club based between Kuwana and Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture. They currently play in the Japan Football League, Japanese fourth tier of league football.

Yokkaichi
Yokkaichi (四日市市, Yokkaichi-shi) is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2025, the city had an estimated population of 305,279 in 147,185 households and a population density of 1,478.3 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 206.50 square kilometres (79.73 sq mi).
Holyoke Dam
The Holyoke Dam, also referred to as the Hadley Falls Dam, or Hadley Falls Station is a granite dam built in tandem with the Holyoke Canal System at Hadley Falls on the Connecticut River, between Holyoke and South Hadley, Massachusetts. The water differential created by the dam produced mechanical hydropower for industrial uses in Holyoke, and later hydroelectric power.

The current dam is the third structure to be built across the Great Falls at South Hadley.  The dam, along with the Canal System and its Testing Flume, is recognized by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark for its use by Clemens Herschel in the development of the Venturi meter, the first means of measuring large-scale flows, and the McCormick-Holyoke Turbine by John B. McCormick, also known as the Hercules Turbine, which doubled the efficiency of turbines to more than 80% in its time.

South Hadley, Massachusetts
South Hadley (/ˈhædliː/ ⓘ, HAD-lee) is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 18,150 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts.

South Hadley is home to Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley High School, Pioneer Valley Performing Arts Charter Public School, and the Berkshire Hills Music Academy.
Marilina Bertoldi
Marilina Bertoldi (born September 13, 1988 in Santa Fe, Argentina) is an Argentine singer-songwriter and guitarist from Sunchales in Santa Fe. She rose to prominence as the lead singer of the alternative rock band Connor Questa and later as a solo artist. She has received several awards and nominations including three Gardel Awards and two Latin Grammy Awards nominations.

Eruca Sativa
Eruca Sativa is an Argentine alternative rock band formed in 2007. The band consists of Luisina "Lula" Bertoldi (guitar and vocals), Brenda Martin (bass and vocals) and Gabriel Pedernera (drums and vocals). The band has released six studio albums and has received several awards and nominations including four Gardel Awards and six Latin Grammy Award nominations.
StarWipe
StarWipe was a satirical website from The Onion which parodied celebrity gossip sites, such as TMZ. It launched on September 21, 2015, and closed on June 17, 2016.  It was run by Sean O'Neal, the senior editor of The A.V. Club. Upon closure of the website, the main link and all articles within became inactive, although they can still be accessed through the Wayback Machine.

Content posted on StarWipe was also shared on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.

Gossip magazine
A gossip magazine, also referred to as a tabloid magazine, is a magazine that features scandalous stories about the personal lives of celebrities and other well-known individuals. In North America, this genre of magazine flourished in the 1950s and early 1960s. The title Confidential, founded in 1952, peaked with a circulation of over four million copies, and it had many competitors, with names such as Whisper, Dare, Suppressed, The Hollywood Lowdown, Hush-Hush, and Uncensored. These magazines included more lurid and explicit content than did the popular newspaper gossip columns of the time, including tales of celebrity infidelity, arrests, and drug  use.
Hanumangarh Junction railway station
Hanumangarh Junction railway station is a main railway station in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. Its code is HMH. It serves Hanumangarh city.

Hanumangarh is a major railway station on Jodhpur–Bathinda line, Sadulpur, Rewari, Jaipur, Sriganganagar, Anupgarh.

Hanumangarh district
Hanumangarh district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in India. The city of Hanumangarh is the district headquarters and its largest city. Hanumangarh district is located in northern part of the state.
Seremban Inner Ring Road
Seremban Inner Ring Road (SIRR) or Jalan Lingkaran Dalam Seremban is a multi-lane ring road highway in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

The Kilometre Zero of the SIRR is located at Jalan Mantin interchange. It connects to the Kajang–Seremban Highway.

At most sections, the SIRR was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

Seremban
Seremban (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Somban) is a city in the Seremban District and the capital of the state of Negeri Sembilan in Peninsular Malaysia. The city's administration is run by the Seremban City Council.

Seremban gained its city status on 20 January 2020. Covering an area of 959 km², Seremban's population is 681,541 as of 2020, making it the tenth largest city in Malaysia and the fifth most populous state capital behind Johor Bahru, Shah Alam, George Town and Ipoh. It is part of the Greater Kuala Lumpur area, situated approximately 55 kilometres south of Kuala Lumpur and 37 kilometres south of the federal administrative capital of Putrajaya. Since 2015, Seremban has been the major anchor city of the Malaysia Vision Valley, Negeri Sembilan's main special economic zone spanning the state's western half.
Sarah Jane Pell
Sarah Jane Pell (born 30 December 1974) is an Australian artist, researcher and occupational diver. Her works combine the traditions of Performance art and human factors with Underwater habitat and Occupational diving technologies. She is best known for pioneering "aquabatics" that is performed underwater or shown in museums as films and artefacts. She designs civilian space-analogues and produces speculative fiction, live art, and novel experiments.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Recrystallization (metallurgy)
In materials science, recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultaneous increase in the ductility. Thus, the process may be introduced as a deliberate step in metals processing or may be an undesirable byproduct of another processing step. The most important industrial uses are softening of metals previously hardened or rendered brittle by cold work, and control of the grain structure in the final product. Recrystallization temperature is typically 0.3–0.4 times the melting point for pure metals and 0.5 times for alloys.

Abnormal grain growth
In materials science, abnormal or discontinuous grain growth, also referred to as exaggerated or secondary recrystallisation grain growth, is a grain growth phenomenon in which certain energetically favorable grains (crystallites) grow rapidly in a matrix of finer grains, resulting in a bimodal distribution of grain size.

In ceramic materials, this phenomenon can result in the formation of elongated prismatic, acicular (needle-like) grains in a densified matrix. This microstructure has the potential to improve fracture toughness by impeding the propagation of cracks.
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime (QFTCS) is an extension of quantum field theory from Minkowski spacetime to a general curved spacetime. This theory uses a semi-classical approach; it treats spacetime as a fixed, classical background, while giving a quantum-mechanical description of the matter and energy propagating through that spacetime. A general prediction of this theory is that particles can be created by time-dependent gravitational fields (multigraviton pair production), or by time-independent gravitational fields that contain horizons. The most famous example of the latter is the phenomenon of Hawking radiation emitted by black holes.

Curved spacetime
In physics, curved spacetime is the mathematical model in which, with Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity naturally arises, as opposed to being described as a fundamental force in Newton's static Euclidean reference frame. Objects move along geodesics—curved paths determined by the local geometry of spacetime—rather than being influenced directly by distant bodies. This framework led to two fundamental principles: coordinate independence, which asserts that the laws of physics are the same regardless of the coordinate system used, and the equivalence principle, which states that the effects of gravity are indistinguishable from those of acceleration in sufficiently small regions of space. These principles laid the groundwork for a deeper understanding of gravity through the geometry of spacetime, as formalized in Einstein's field equations.