hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stability postulate
In probability theory, to obtain a nondegenerate limiting distribution for extremes of samples, it is necessary to "reduce" the actual greatest value by applying a linear transformation with coefficients that depend on the sample size.

If  are independent random variables with common probability density function

then the cumulative distribution function  for  is given by the simple relation

If there is a limiting distribution for the distribution of interest, the stability postulate states that the limiting distribution must be for some sequence of transformed or "reduced" values, such as  where  may depend on n but not on x.
This equation was obtained by Maurice René Fréchet and also by Ronald Fisher.

René Maurice Fréchet
René Maurice Fréchet (French: [ʁəne mɔʁis fʁeʃɛ, moʁ-]; 2 September 1878 – 4 June 1973) was a French mathematician. He made major contributions to general topology and was the first to define metric spaces. He also made several important contributions to the field of statistics and probability, as well as calculus. His dissertation opened the entire field of functionals on metric spaces and introduced the notion of compactness. Independently of Riesz, he discovered the representation theorem in the space of Lebesgue square integrable functions. He is often referred to as the founder of the theory of abstract spaces.
Chuang Asia: Season 2
Chuang Asia: Season 2 (Chinese: 创造营亚洲第二季; pinyin: chuàngzàoyíng yàzhōu dìèrjì), also known as Chuang Asia 2025, is a Chinese/Thai reality competition show by Tencent. It is the sixth entry to the Chuang franchise, an idol survival series originally based in China, and the second entry to the Chuang Asia series, following Chuang Asia: Thailand. It premiered on February 2, 2025, and aired every Sunday at 16:50 (UTC+7) on WeTV.

The show gathered sixty male trainees from nine countries to fight for a spot in the boy group Next1de.

Rikimaru Chikada
Rikimaru Chikada (近田力丸, Chikada Rikimaru; born November 2, 1993)  is a Japanese singer, dancer, and choreographer, currently based in China. He was a member of the international boy group Into1 after finishing third place in the Chinese survival competition show Produce Camp 2021. He is also the leader of Japanese-Chinese boy group WARPS UP.
Industrial Designers Society of America
The  Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) is a membership-based not-for-profit organization that promotes the practice and education of industrial design.

The organization was formally established in 1965 by the collaborative merger of the Industrial Designers Institute (IDI), the American Society of Industrial Designers (ASID), and the Industrial Designers Education Association (IDEA). However, its origins can be traced back to the 1920s, prior to the founding in 1938 of the American Design Institute (ADI), which was the predecessor of IDI. Its first chairman was John Vassos and its first president was Henry Dreyfuss.

The society publishes a quarterly journal, Innovation, in which Klaus Krippendorff coined the term "product semantics" in his 1984 article "Exploring the Symbolic Qualities of Form", as well as books such as Design Secrets: Products: 50 Real-Life Projects Uncovered.

In 1980, the society established the International Design Excellence Awards (IDEA).

Klaus Krippendorff
Klaus Krippendorff (March 21, 1932 – October 10, 2022) was a communication scholar, social science methodologist, and cyberneticist. and was the Gregory Bateson professor for Cybernetics, Language, and Culture at the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg School for Communication. He wrote an influential textbook on content analysis and is the creator of the widely used and eponymous measure of interrater reliability, Krippendorff's alpha. In 1984–1985, he served as the president of the International Communication Association, one of the two largest professional associations for scholars of communication.
Hee Tien Lai
Hee Tien Lai (Chinese: 許天來; pinyin: Xǔ Tiānlái; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Khó͘ Thian-lâi; 20 February 1941 – 21 February 2016) was a Malaysian politician of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a component party of National Front or Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.

Hee contested and won the Malaysia General Election 1974, 1978 and 1982 for the seat in Ayer Hitam, Johor to be Member of Parliament for three terms. He was one of the Deputy Speakers of the Dewan Rakyat from 14 June 1982 until 26 July 1983.

Hee is an alumnus of Batu Pahat High School, the same high school where Lim Kit Siang, Lim Guan Eng, Dato Sri Vincent Tan Chee Yioun (Berjaya Corp. owner), Dr. Chua Soi Lek (Former Health Minister) and other prominent figures studied.

He later resigned to migrate to Australia and carried out a successful medical practice.

Ayer Hitam
Ayer Hitam, nicknamed Bandar Seramik ('Ceramic Town'), is a town in Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. Located just at the junction of Federal Route 1 and Federal Route 50, it is known for its many outlets selling pottery and other crafts. It also is one of the interchange for North–South Expressway.
Režići Cemetery
The Režići Cemetery (Bosnian: Mezarje Režići), aka Režići, is the Muslim cemetery in city of Gračanica, 
Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the Patkovača Hill between two neighborhoods, Lipa and Čiriš. Across the Režići is the Šabuša Cemetery. They are separated by street.

The Režići Cemetery is in the registry of the Institute for the Protection and Use of Cultural–Historical and Natural Heritage of 
Tuzla Canton.

Tuzla Canton
The Tuzla Canton (Bosnian: Tuzlanski kanton; Croatian: Tuzlanska županija; Serbian: Тузлански кантон) is a federated state and one of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of two entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The cantonal seat is the city of Tuzla.
Johan van der Schyff
Pieter Johannes van der Schyff (born 19 January 1942) is a South African former international rugby union player.

Born on a farm outside Ventersdorp, van der Schyff learned his rugby at Vlakpan Primary School and later attended Potchefstroom Gimnasium, earning Western Transvaal Schools representative honours as a centre.

After moving to Vereeniging, van der Schyff debuted for Transvaal in 1963 and won their most improved player award that season, but was largely hampered by injury problems during his early career. He earned Junior Springboks honours against Argentina in 1965 and attended several Springboks trials before getting his opportunity on their 1969–70 tour of Britain and Ireland, by which time he had joined his brother Jan at Western Transvaal. He didn't feature in any of the Test matches and was replaced mid tour by veteran Mannetjies Roux after picking up an injury.

Ventersdorp
Ventersdorp is a town of about 4,200 people in Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality, North West Province, South Africa. It was the seat of the defunct Ventersdorp Local Municipality until 2016.

Ventersdorp is centrally located, making it easier to access more prominent urban towns such as Klerksdorp, Lichtenburg, Potchefstroom and Rustenburg. The township (or Location) of Tshing houses most of the town's blacks and coloureds. Tshing has a diamond mine nearby that was owned by a town councillor in the early 1990s. Tshing Location has one high school: Thuto Boswa High School. The smaller township Toevlug has Coloured residents, some of whom have attend the former whites-only Afrikaans High School after the end of Apartheid since 1995.
Jacques Désiré Leandri
History of science portal

Jacques Désiré Leandri, born 1903 in Corsica, died 1982, was a French botanist and mycologist.

Leandri is remembered for botanical excursions in North Africa (Morocco) and Madagascar. He collected plants for scientific study from the years 1922 to 1980. The plant genus Leandriella from the family Acanthaceae is named after him. As a taxonomist, he circumscribed many plants within the family Euphorbiaceae.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
Hebridean Air Services
Hebridean Air Services is a small Scottish airline based in northern Scotland owned by Airtask Group Ltd. The airline flies charter, scenic, aerial photography and scheduled flights.

It is the only airline to operate a service between Oban and Islay, Coll, Tiree and Colonsay islands; routes subsidised by Argyll and Bute Council. Since April 2024 they have also operated flights between Benbecula and Stornoway subsidised by Comhairle nan Eilean Siar.

Benbecula Airport
Benbecula Airport (Scottish Gaelic: Port-adhair Bheinn na Faoghla) (IATA: BEB, ICAO: EGPL) is located on the island of Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides, off the West Coast of Scotland. It is a small rural airport owned and maintained by Highlands and Islands Airports Limited.
Lago di Occhito
Lago di Occhito is a lake in the Province of Foggia (Apulia) and Province of Campobasso (Molise) in the south of Italy. Its surface area is 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi). The lake serves as a part of the border between Apulia and Molise. Lago di Occhito is a large artificial lake, created with a dam on the Fortore. It is approximately 12 km long and half belongs to the province of Campobasso and the remaining part to the province of Foggia. The municipalities overlooking the lake are Sant'Elia a Pianisi, Macchia Valfortore, Pietracatella, Gambatesa, Tufara, Carlantino, Celenza Valfortore and, San Marco la Catola.

San Marco la Catola
San Marco la Catola is a town and comune in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy.

It is a  small town built around an ancient medieval castle that still resides in the center of town. The castle has been inhabited by various monarchical leaders in the past, although it is associated most with Duke Pignatelli.
The town has a rich history going back to at least the 12th century. It was originally a frontier fort, but over the years a small town was built around it.

Sights include the castle (now in ruins), perhaps dating to the 13th century, and the Sanctuary of the Madonna of Josafat (16th century).
Minolta Vectis S series
The Minolta Vectis S-series comprises two APS system models of film SLR cameras made by Minolta, the flagship model Vectis S-1 and the Vectis S-100. The cameras feature a compact design, owing to the use of mirrors instead of prisms in the viewfinder.

Only one early DSLR camera body, the Minolta Dimâge RD 3000, also used the V-lens mount.

Single-lens reflex camera
In photography, a single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a type of camera that uses a mirror and prism system to allow photographers to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured. SLRs became the dominant design for professional and consumer-level cameras throughout the late 20th century, offering interchangeable lenses, through-the-lens (TTL) metering, and precise framing. Originating in the 1930s and popularized in the 1960s and 70s, SLR technology played a crucial role in the evolution of modern photography. Although digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras succeeded film-based models, the rise of mirrorless cameras in the 2010s has led to a decline in SLR use and production. With twin lens reflex and rangefinder cameras, the viewed image could be significantly different from the final image. When the shutter button is pressed on most SLRs, the mirror flips out of the light path and allows light to pass through to the light receptor and the image to be captured.
USS Allen (1814)
USS Allen was a row galley built in 1814 at Vergennes, Vermont, by Adam and Noah Brown. She was commissioned during the summer of 1814, with Sailing Master William M. Robins in command. She became a unit of Commodore Thomas Macdonough's squadron on Lake Champlain and participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain in September 1814, during which the American squadron captured the remnants of the British squadron under Captain George Downie. After the War of 1812, she remained in active service for another decade. She was sold at Whitehall, New York, sometime in late 1824 or early 1825.

George Downie
George Downie (19 January 1778 – 11 September 1814) was a Scottish officer of the British Royal Navy. During the War of 1812, he commanded a British squadron that fought an American squadron on Lake Champlain in the Battle of Plattsburgh, during which he was killed.
Sally Dalton Robinson
Sally Dalton Robinson (born 1934) is an American philanthropist and civic leader. She was a key figure in the founding of the Levine Museum of the New South in Charlotte, North Carolina and served on the board of the Charlotte Symphony Orchestra, the Charlotte Mecklenburg Library, the Charlotte Nature Museum, the Charlotte Arts and Science Council, and the McColl Center for Art + Innovation. Robinson is an active member of the Junior League and the Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina. She was inducted into the North Carolina Women's Hall of Fame in 2009.

University of North Carolina at Charlotte
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNC Charlotte, or simply Charlotte) is a public research university in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. UNC Charlotte offers 24 doctoral, 66 master's, and 79 bachelor's degree programs through nine colleges. It is classified among "R1: Very High Research Spending and Doctorate Production."

The university experienced rapid enrollment growth in the late 2000s and early-mid 2010s when it was the fastest-growing institution in the UNC System.

It has two campuses: the Main Campus, located in University City, and the Center City Campus in Uptown Charlotte. The main campus sits on 1,000 wooded acres with approximately 85 buildings about 8 miles (13 km) from Uptown Charlotte.
Majella Murphy
Majella Murphy is a Kilkenny born singer–songwriter with critical acclaim.
Born in 1973 she released one album in 2007 "Brave new world", the first album globally to be released on a mobile phone by Sony Ericsson.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Freedom Festival, Hull
The Freedom Festival is an annual music and performance arts festival held in the city of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is named in honour of the slave trade abolitionist, MP and son of Hull, William Wilberforce. The festival was established in 2007 to mark the 200th anniversary of Wilberforce's law, the Slave Trade Act 1807, to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire.

The eclectic mix of entertainment catered for at Freedom welcomes a varied audience, experiencing music, dance, art, street theatre and entertainment from across Europe. During its history has welcomed acts such as Pixie Lott, JLS, The Saturdays, Martha Reeves and The Vandellas and The 1975, as well as many local bands and artists.

In 2013 the delivery of the festival was handed over to the Freedom Festival Arts Trust, a charity whose core activity is to "engage and educate the public in the arts" centred around the annual Freedom Festival

Slave Trade Act 1807
The Slave Trade Act 1807 (47 Geo. 3 Sess. 1. c. 36), or the Abolition of Slave Trade Act 1807, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the British Empire.  Although it did not automatically emancipate those enslaved at the time, it encouraged British action to press other nation states to abolish their own slave trades. It took effect on 1 May 1807, after 18 years of trying to pass an abolition bill.

Many of the supporters thought the act would lead to the end of slavery. Slavery on English soil was unsupported in English law and that position was confirmed in Somerset's case in 1772, but it remained legal in most of the British Empire until the passing of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 73).

However it was not until 1937 that the trade of slaves was made illegal throughout the British Empire, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery.
Frankie Lee Sims
Frankie Lee Sims (April 30, 1917 – May 10, 1970) was an American singer-songwriter and electric blues guitarist. He released nine singles during his career, one of which, "Lucy Mae Blues" (1953), was a regional hit. Two compilation albums of his work were released posthumously.

Sims was the cousin of another Texas blues musician, Lightnin' Hopkins, and he worked with several other prominent blues musicians, including Texas Alexander, T-Bone Walker, King Curtis and Albert Collins. Sims is regarded as an important figure in postwar Texas country blues.

Electric blues
Electric blues is blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments.  The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s.  Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues.  By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier.  Although it took a little longer, the electric bass guitar gradually replaced the stand-up bass by the early 1960s.  Keyboards, especially electric organs and electric pianos, later became widely used in electric blues.
Jan van Wavere
Jan Van Wavere (? – 1521/22) was an influential Brabantine polychromer of late gothic Brabantine altarpieces (also called retables), mainly produced in the Brabantine towns of Antwerp, Brussels and Mechelen. During the
15th–16th century, over 1000 altarpieces were traded and exported to many European countries. More than 300 complete examples of Brabantine altarpieces can still be found in museums and churches all over Europe, from the Baltic countries (e.g. St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn) down to Spain.

Polychrome
Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery, or sculpture in multiple colors.

When looking at artworks and architecture from antiquity and the European Middle Ages, people tend to believe that they were monochrome. In reality, the pre-Renaissance past was full of colour, and Greco-Roman sculptures and Gothic cathedrals, that are now white, beige, or grey, were initially painted in a variety of colours. As André Malraux stated: "Athens was never white but her statues, bereft of color, have conditioned the artistic sensibilities of Europe [...] the whole past has reached us colorless." Polychrome was and is a practice not limited only to the Western world. Non-Western artworks, like Chinese temples, Oceanian Uli figures, or Maya ceramic vases, were also decorated with colours.
Uglovskoye
Uglovskoye (Russian: Угловское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Uglovsky District of Altai Krai, Russia. Population:  4,368 (2010 Census); 4,781 (2002 Census); 4,076 (1989 Soviet census).

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Cheryl Lyndsey
Cheryl Lane Lyndsey (born May 7, 1978) is an American singer–songwriter and musician best known as touring member of alternative rock band The Breeders. She is noted as guitarist for Exene Cervenka's solo band and contributed to Exene's 2011 album The Excitement of Maybe. She was declared "One of LA's Best" by LA Weekly.

LA Weekly
LA Weekly is a free weekly alternative newspaper in Los Angeles, California. The paper covers music, arts, film, theater, culture, and other local news in the Los Angeles area, in addition to sponsoring local events. LA Weekly was founded in 1978 by Jay Levin (among others), and he served as the publication's editor from 1978 to 1991, as well as its president from 1978 to 1992.
The Zone (song)
"The Zone" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter the Weeknd featuring fellow Canadian singer and rapper Drake, serving as the fourth track from the former's second mixtape Thursday (2011). In 2012, the song was remastered and released as the third single from his compilation album Trilogy on November 16, 2012, through XO and Republic Records. The song was the first collaboration between the two artists.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.
Daar Ughad Baye
Daar Ughad Baye (transl. Open the Door Goddess) is an Indian Marathi language television series aired on Zee Marathi. It is produced by Tejendra Neswankar under the banner of Trrump Carrd Production which premiered from 19 September 2022. It starred Saniya Chaudhari, Roshan Vichare and Sharad Ponkshe in lead roles. It is an official remake of Bengali TV series Jamuna Dhaki.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Ivory Chamberlain
Ivory Chamberlain (March 13, 1821 - March 9, 1881) was the editor of the New York Herald. He was a political supporter of his friend and neighbor Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune. He also worked for Manton Marble at the New York World.
He wrote a biography of Millard Fillmore.

Samuel Selwyn Chamberlain, who was also an influential writer at newspapers, and Elizabeth Chamberlain were his children.

When he went from the World to the Herald in 1876, he was very highly paid for an editorial writer. He was part of a small group of highly influential writers at the World involved in Democratic Party politics.

The New York Herald
The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed from 1835 to 1924. At that point it was acquired by its smaller rival the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune.