hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modern Arabic literature
The instance that marked the shift in Arabic literature towards modern Arabic literature can be attributed to the contact between  Arab world and the West during the 19th and early 20th century. This contact resulted in the gradual replacement of Classical Arabic forms with Western ones. Genres like plays, novels, and short stories were coming to the fore. Although the exact date in which this reformation in literary production occurred is unknown, the rise of modern Arabic literature was "inseparable" from the Nahda, also referred to as the Arab Renaissance.

Aleppine writer Qustaki al-Himsi (1858–1941) is credited with having founded modern Arabic literary criticism, with one of his works, The researcher's source in the science of criticism.

Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad
Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad (Arabic: عباس محمود العقاد, ALA-LC: ‘Abbās Maḥmūd al-‘Aqqād; 28 June 1889 – 12 March 1964) was an Egyptian journalist, poet and literary critic, and member of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo.

More precisely, because "his writings cover a broad spectrum, including poetry, criticism, Islamology, history, philosophy, politics, biography, science, and Arabic literature", he is perceived to be a polymath.
Billy Smith (rugby league, born 1942)
William John Smith (born 12 July 1942 in Fremantle, Western Australia) is an Australian former rugby league footballer. He was the leading halfback in Australian rugby league during the late 1960s, and a keystone of the latter part of the St. George Dragons' eleven consecutive premiership victories between 1956 and 1966. He represented Australia in eighteen Tests and eight World Cup games between 1964 and 1970. He captained Australia in a World Cup game against Great Britain in 1970.

Men's rugby league Ashes
The Ashes series is a best-of-three series of test matches between Australia and England national rugby league football teams.

Named after the cricket series of the same name, the series was initially contested between the Australia and Great Britain national teams. The series first took place in 1908, and was contested 39 times until 2003, with hosting usually alternating between the two countries. Since 1973, Australia has won a record thirteen consecutive Ashes series.

After a hiatus of over 20 years, the Ashes series was revived in 2025. The series will continue as a best-of-three test match series between Australia and England.
Maldivian (horse)
Maldivian (foaled 20 October 2002) was a New Zealand bred Thoroughbred racemare, trained by Mark Kavanagh, who is notable for winning the 2008 Cox Plate and two other Group 1 races.

Sir Patrick & Lady Justine Hogan bred Maldivian from the American mare Shynzi, by the leading sire Zabeel. He was exported to Australia in April 2004.

Patrick Hogan (racehorse breeder)
Sir Patrick Hogan KNZM CBE (23 October 1939 – 6 January 2023) was a New Zealand breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses, based in Cambridge. He was closely associated with the champion sires Sir Tristram and Zabeel.
Montgomery County School District (Georgia)
The Montgomery County School District is a public school district in Montgomery County, Georgia, United States, based in Mount Vernon. It serves the communities of Ailey, Alston, Higgston, Mount Vernon, Tarrytown, Uvalda, and Vidalia.

Montgomery County, Georgia
Montgomery County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 8,610. The county seat is Mount Vernon. Montgomery County is part of the Vidalia, GA micropolitan statistical area.
Haven-class hospital ship
The Haven class of hospital ships were built for the United States Navy (USN) during World War II. Haven-class ships also served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. They were among the first ships to be able to receive casualties directly by helicopter and were the first fully air conditioned ships in the USN. The first ship was laid down in July 1943, while the last was launched in August 1944. In that span the United States produced six Haven-class hospital ships. The last Haven-class ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 1989. One ship sank in a collision in 1950; the five others were scrapped.  Haven-class hospital ships were replaced with the Mercy-class hospital ships.

Naval History and Heritage Command
The Naval History and Heritage Command, formerly the Naval Historical Center, is an Echelon II command responsible for the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage located at the historic Washington Navy Yard.  The NHHC is composed of 42 facilities in 13 geographic locations including the Navy Department Library, 10 museums and 1 heritage center, USS Constitution repair facility and detachment, and historic ship ex-USS Nautilus.
Suaeda californica
Suaeda californica is a rare species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common name California seablite. It is now endemic to San Luis Obispo County, California, where it is known from a few occurrences in the marshes around Morro Bay. Historical populations around San Francisco Bay have been extirpated, though it has been reintroduced to multiple sites in the area.

Morro Bay, California
Morro Bay (Morro, Spanish for "Hill") is a seaside city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Central Coast of California, the city's population was 10,757 as of the 2020 census, up from 10,234 at the 2010 census. The town overlooks Morro Bay, a natural embayment with an all-weather, small-craft, commercial and recreational harbor.
Scartazzini (surname)
Scartazzini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Lorenzo Scartazzini (born 1971), Swiss composer

Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini (1837–1901), Protestant pastor and Italian-Swiss literary critic

Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini
Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini was a Protestant pastor and Italian-Swiss literary critic, best known for his Italian annotated edition of  the Divine Comedy and the other writings on its author, Dante Alighieri.
David Dunseith
David Dunseith (2 October 1934 – 29 June 2011) was a Northern Irish journalist and broadcaster with BBC Northern Ireland. He presented BBC Radio Ulster's 'Talkback' & 'Seven Days' programmes. His career spanned the troubles covering the turbulent and tragic events of recent years from the Falls Curfew in 1970 to the Omagh atrocity in 1998. He reported on all the Northern Ireland political initiatives from Sunningdale to the Good Friday Agreement.

Omagh
Omagh (/ˈoʊmə, ˈoʊmɑː/; from Irish: An Ómaigh [ənˠ ˈoːmˠiː], meaning 'the virgin plain') is the county town of County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated where the rivers Drumragh and Camowen meet to form the Strule. Northern Ireland's capital city, Belfast, is 68 miles (109.5 km) to the east of Omagh, and Derry is 34 miles (55 km) to the north.

The town had a population of 20,458 at the 2021 census. At the time of 2011 census, the former district council, which was the largest in County Tyrone, had a population of 51,356. Omagh contains the headquarters of the Western Education and Library Board, and also houses offices for the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs at Sperrin House, the Department for Infrastructure and the Northern Ireland Roads Service at the Tyrone County Hall and the Northern Ireland Land & Property Services at Boaz House.
Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria
Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria is a book published in 1910.

The book contains forty folk stories and fairy tales from Southern Nigeria. The stories were collected by Elphinstone Dayrell, then the District Commissioner of the region. The book has an introduction by Andrew Lang, famous for his series of fairy books.

Andrew Lang
Andrew Lang FBA (31 March 1844 – 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him.
Richard Mauch
Richard Mauch (born September 2, 1874, in Weidling, † May 25, 1921 in Dietramszell ) was an Austrian painter and illustrator.

At first Mauch worked primarily as a portrait and genre painter in the conservative style of the Munich School. However, around 1900 he joined the Munich Secession, which paved the way for Art Nouveau. At this time, Mauch's works took on a symbolic, often erotic character. The knight's dream created in 1902 is an example of this tendency.

On April 30, 1904, he became a member of the Vienna Künstlerhaus. In 1909 Mauch moved from Austria to Munich and continued his studies at the Munich Academy. He took part in the exhibitions of the Luitpold group.

Mauch also worked as a graphic artist and illustrator, notably for the prominent weekly magazine ‘Fliegende Blätter’.

His works are in various German and Austrian museums, including the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus and the Münchner Stadtmuseum.

Munich Stadtmuseum
The Munich Stadtmuseum (German: "Münchner Stadtmuseum") or Munich City Museum, is the city museum of Munich. It was founded in 1888 by Ernst von Destouches. It is located in the former municipal arsenal and stables, both buildings of the late Gothic period.
Panayotis Potagos
Panayotis or Panagiotis Potagos (Greek: Παναγιώτης Ποταγός; 1838 – 1903) was a Greek physician and explorer born in Vytina. Potagos began his travels in 1867, visiting Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Gobi Desert, and India. He arrived in Egypt in 1876, ascending the Nile River to southern Sudan and then crossed the Congo-Nile Divide into the Congo River basin through what is now the Central African Republic and finally reached the Uele River in 1877. He was the first European to reach the Mbomou and Uele rivers from the north. He published an account of his travels, which was translated into French.

He died in the village of Nymfes, Corfu.

Nymfes
Nymfes (Greek: Νύμφες [ˈɲiɱfes̠]; lit. 'nymphs') is a village and a community in the northern part of the island of Corfu, Greece. The community includes the village Platonas. Nymfes is situated in green hills, 4 km from the coast, and is home to Corfu's only waterfall. It is 3 km west of Episkepsi and 19 km northwest of Corfu (city).
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 – Men's team sprint
The Men's team sprint took place on 2 March 2011. Sprint qualifying at 12:00 CET and finals at 14:15 CET. The defending world champions were Norway's Ola Vigen Hattestad and Johan Kjølstad while the defending Olympic champion were Norway's Øystein Pettersen and Petter Northug.

Cross-country skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's team sprint
The men's team sprint cross-country skiing competition in the freestyle technique at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada was held on 22 February at Whistler Olympic Park in Whistler, British Columbia.

The Swedish team of Björn Lind and Thobias Fredriksson were the defending Olympic champions when the technique was classical. The defending world champions were the Norwegian duo of Ola Vigen Hattestad and Johan Kjølstad when the technique was also classical. Sweden's team of Emil Jönsson and Robin Bryntesson won the test event that took place at the Olympic venue on 18 January 2009. The last World Cup event in this format prior to the 2010 Games took place in Rybinsk, Russia on 24 January 2010 and was won by the Russian duo of Nikolay Morilov and Alexey Petukhov.
Kyle Vincent
Kyle Vincent is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and entertainer, labeled as the "crown prince of soft pop," by Goldmine.

Barry Manilow has called him, "One of the best singer-songwriters to come along since the heyday of Tin Pan Alley". In 2014 Vincent won "Best Male Vocalist" at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards.

The Climate Reality Project
The Climate Reality Project is a non-profit organization involved in education and advocacy related to climate change. The Climate Reality Project came into being in July 2011 as the consolidation of two environmental groups, the Alliance for Climate Protection and The Climate Project, both of which were founded by Al Gore. Among its activities, The Climate Reality Project hosts an annual event called 24 Hours of Reality.
Asian Touring Car Series
The Asian Touring Car Series (ATCS) is a touring car racing series that takes place each year across several Asian nations. It includes events at circuits in Malaysia, China and Indonesia. It ran as the Asian Touring Car Championship (ATCC) between 2000 and 2001, and 2005–2006.

The championship consists of three classes. Division 1 uses cars built to Super 2000 or BTC Touring regulations. Proton provides the only factory team, whose main opposition is the independent German BMW team of Engstler Motorsport. Division 2 uses Super Production regulations for cars with engine capacities of not more than 2000cc. Engstler Motorsport has a single entry in this class and is the main competition to the four-car line-up of DTM Bel’Air Racing from Hong Kong. Division 3 is a 1600cc class and is the most production-based of the three. Only DTM Bel’Air Racing fielded entries in this class during 2006.

BTC Touring
In motor racing, BTC Touring (BTC-T) was a set of new regulations for the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) introduced in the 2001 BTCC, after the demise of the Supertouring category.

The cars were based on standard bodyshells but were allowed significant modifications to turn them into race cars and differentiate them from the Super Production class that would run alongside BTC Touring in the 2001 BTCC.
Mark Hayter (academic)
Mark Hayter (born 7 November 1963) is a British academic. He is Emeritus Professor of Nursing at the Manchester Metropolitan University. He serves as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Clinical Nursing and on the editorial boards of Journal of School Nursing, and Nursing Outlook. Hayter is best known for his research on sexual health including psychosexual health, adolescent reproductive health, family planning, contraceptive counseling, and HIV. He was a founding member of The Lancet Commission on Nursing.

Psychosexual disorder
Psychosexual disorder is a sexual problem that is psychological, rather than physiological in origin. "Psychosexual disorder" was a term used in Freudian psychology. The term "psychosexual disorder" (Turkish: Psikoseksüel bozukluk) has been used by the TAF for homosexuality as a reason to ban the LGBT people from military service.
Prakash Varma
Prakash Varma is an Indian filmmaker who is known for directing and producing advertisement campaigns. He has directed commercials for Vodafone featuring the ZooZoos, Incredible India, Cadbury and the Indian Railways. Varma is the co-founder of Nirvana Films, a Bangalore-based production company, for which he has directed commercials for Kit Kat, Bisleri, Netflix, Amazon Prime, iPhone, PhonePe and UltraTech Cement. He has also directed campaigns for Kerala Tourism and Dubai Tourism, which featured Shah Rukh Khan.

In 2009, American filmmaker Michael Bay hired Varma to direct commercials for his company The Institute.

Varma debuted as an actor in Mohanlal starrer Thudarum (2025), where he received critical acclaim for his performance.

Bisleri
Bisleri International (formerly Parle Exports and Parle Bisleri) is an Indian multinational company which is best known for the eponymous brand of bottled water. The company was started in the 1970s by Ramesh Chauhan, and sells bottled water and soft drinks.

Bisleri conducts most of its business in India, with 150 operational plants and a network of 6,000 distributors and 7,500 distribution trucks. Bisleri also sells its products through its own e-commerce platform and other online retailers.
Classiebawn Castle
Classiebawn Castle is a country house built for the 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865) on what was formerly a 4,000-hectare (10,000-acre) estate on the Mullaghmore Peninsula near the village of Cliffoney in County Sligo, Ireland. The current castle was largely built in the late 19th century.

Cliffoney
Cliffoney, officially Cliffony (Irish: Cliafuine (Cliathmhuine), meaning 'hurdled thicket'), is a village in the north of County Sligo in the west of Ireland. It lies on the N15 national route at its junction with the R279. It is approximately three kilometres from Mullaghmore.

Cliffoney has historical connections to the 3rd Viscount Palmerston, who served as the prime minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-nineteenth century, and Father Michael O'Flanagan, vice-president and later president of Sinn Féin, who was known as 'the Republican Priest'. Brigid MacGonigal, mother of Harry Clarke, was a native of Cliffoney.

There are several megalithic monuments close to the village, including Creevykeel Court Tomb. There are also several ringforts and cashels in the area. Saint Brigit's Well has a cross-slab, probably dating to the eight century, with a swastika carved in the top of the cross.
Cuando Me Enamoro
"Cuando Me Enamoro" (English: "When I Fall in Love") is a Latin pop song written and performed by Spanish pop singer-songwriter Enrique Iglesias and featuring Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra released on 26 April 2010, as the first single from his ninth studio album. The song is the main-theme of the Mexican telenovela of the same title starring Silvia Navarro and Juan Soler. This is the second time since "Nunca Te Olvidaré" that a song of Enrique Iglesias was chosen as the main-theme of a telenovela. "Cuando Me Enamoro" became a contender for Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year. The single has sold around a million digital downloads worldwide to the date. This song was dedicated for K,O,M.

Latin pop
Latin pop (Spanish: pop latino), also referred to as Spanish-language pop (Spanish: pop en español), is a subgenre of popular music defined primarily as pop music performed in Spanish. While its foundation lies in the structural and commercial conventions of international pop music—memorable melodies, rhythmic regularity, electric instrumentation, and broad appeal—it is often enriched by stylistic influences from Latin American and Iberian musical traditions.

Emerging from Spanish-speaking musicians, Latin pop remains distinct from other Latin genres such as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, and dance, though it may incorporate elements of these styles. In this sense, the fusion with Latin or Hispanic folk genres is characteristic but secondary to its central definition as pop music in Spanish.
Preston Elliott
Preston Elliott (May 1, 1875 – January 12, 1939) was a Canadian farmer and politician from Ontario. Born in Chesterville, Ontario to William Elliott and Mary Agnes Rae, he served in the House of Commons of Canada for the Dundas electoral district as a member of the Progressive party. He was elected in 1921, but was defeated in the 1925 federal election. He was a Progressive candidate in 1926 and a Liberal in 1935, but lost both attempts at re-election. He was a member of the Ginger Group.

1925 Canadian federal election
The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs. As a result, this is the only election in which the party that won the most seats did not get to form a government afterward.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action in refusing King's request became the main issue of the 1926 election under the name "King–Byng Affair".
6th Sarasaviya Awards
The 6th Sarasaviya Awards festival (Sinhala: 6වැනි සරසවිය සම්මාන උලෙළ), presented by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited, was held to honor the best films of 1968 Sinhala cinema on March 26, 1969, at the Women's school premises, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Governor William Gopallawa was the chief guest at the awards night.

The film Golu Hadawatha won the most awards with four including Best Film.

William Gopallawa
William Gopallawa MBE (Sinhala: විලියම් ගොපල්ලව, Tamil: வில்லியம் கோப்பல்லாவ; 17 September 1896 – 31 January 1981) was a Sri Lankan politician and statesman who served as the last Governor-General of Ceylon from 1962 to 1972 and the first and only non-executive President of Sri Lanka from 1972 to 1978, when Ceylon declared itself a republic and changed its name to Sri Lanka.

Gopallawa served as Governor-General during the tenure of three different governments, two headed by Sirimavo Bandaranaike of the SLFP and one headed by Dudley Senanayake of the UNP.

He is also known as a Reformist.
Nripendra Misra
Nripendra Misra (born 8 March 1945) is a retired Indian Administrative Service officer (IAS) of the 1967 batch from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, who served as the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi from 2014 to 2019. He previously served as the chairperson of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, Telecom Secretary of India and the Fertilizers Secretary of India. He was awarded India's third highest civilian award the Padma Bhushan in 2021.

Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) is a high-level committee within the Government of India responsible for appointing senior officials to key positions in the central government and public sector undertakings. Established in 1950, the ACC is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and includes the Minister of Home Affairs as a member. The committee plays a crucial role in selecting and appointing individuals to various top posts. The ACC's decisions are processed through the Establishment Officer's Division of the Department of Personnel and Training, which functions as the committee's secretariat. As one of the eight Cabinet Committees of India, the ACC's composition and functions are designed to ensure efficient and transparent selection processes for critical government positions.
Lörrach (district)
Lörrach is a Landkreis (district) in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Waldshut. To the west it borders the French département Haut-Rhin; to the south the Swiss cantons Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft and Aargau.

Haut-Rhin
Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.

On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.