hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman Longmate
Norman Longmate (15 December 1925 - 4 June 2016) was an English author and social and military historian.

He was educated at Christ's Hospital and  Worcester College, Oxford, where he read Modern History. Author of 31 books, and of various radio documentaries, he often worked as a historical adviser on TV programmes, including the BAFTA-award winning How We Used to Live. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 1981. Longmate died in June 2016 at the age of 90. He was married to and separated from Elizabeth (nee Taylor), who was a deputy head teacher. She died in 2011. His daughter, Jill, was a teacher, writer and historian who died in 2023 aged 63.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Climie Fisher
Climie Fisher were a British pop duo formed by vocalist Simon Climie and former Naked Eyes keyboardist Rob Fisher. In 1987–88, they had two international hit singles: "Rise to the Occasion" and "Love Changes (Everything)".

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.
Rieu
Rieu can refer to:

André Rieu (born 1949), Dutch violinist and conductor

Annette Rieu, a character in Jeanne Galzy's 1929 novel L'Initiatrice aux mains vides (Burnt Offering)

Bún riêu, a Vietnamese meat

D. C. H. Rieu (1916–2008), scholar

Charloun Rieu (1846–1924), French farmer and poet

Charles Pierre Henri Rieu (1820–1902), Swiss Orientalist

E. V. Rieu (1887–1972), translator

Jean Rieu (18th century), banker, owner of Prangins Castle (1719–1723)

Jean-Louis Rieu (1788–1868), soldier and politician

Jean Louis Rieu (1872–1964), Commissioner of Sind in British India (1920–1925)

Nicole Rieu (born 1949), French singer

Paul du Rieu (1859 (?)–1901), architect

Willem Nicolaas du Rieu (1829–1896), librarian of Leiden University Library

Leiden University Library
Leiden University Libraries is the set of libraries of Leiden University, founded in 1575 in Leiden, Netherlands.
 Holdings include some five million volumes, one million e-books, ninety thousand e-journals, two thousand current paper journals, and three thousand cuneiform tablets. 
The library manages large collections on Indonesia and the Caribbean, and curates seven entries in UNESCO's international and Dutch Memory of the World Register.
Joseph Justus Scaliger, who was a languages and history professor at Leiden from 1593 up to 1609, commented in Latin on the library:

"Est hic magna commoditas bibliothecae ut studiosi possint studere"
—Josephus Justus Scaliger

"Here [at Leiden] is the great convenience of a library so that those who want to study [students], can study."
4 BC
Year 4 BC was a common year starting on Tuesday or Wednesday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Monday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 750 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 4 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Common year starting on Tuesday
A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The most recent year of such kind was 2019, and the next one will be 2030, or, likewise, 2025 and 2031 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more.

Any common year that starts on Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths: those two in this common year occur in September and December. Leap years starting on Monday share this characteristic. From July of the year preceding this year until September in this type of year is the longest period (14 months) that occurs without a Friday the 13th. Leap years starting on Saturday share this characteristic, from August of the common year that precedes it to October in that type of year.

This year has three months (June, September and December) which begin on a weekend-day.
James Bennett (Australian footballer)
James Bennett  (born 5 November 1964) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Bennett was a Collegians footballer, who spent most of his time with Hawthorn in the reserves, due to the strength of the senior team. He played perhaps his best game, in the opening round of the 1985 VFL season, when he had 18 disposals and kicked three goals against Geelong. He was a member of Hawthorn's reserves premiership winning side that year and tied with teammate Greg Dear for the Gardiner Medal.

Collegians Football Club
Collegians Football Club, nicknamed the Lions, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Albert Park.

Formed in 1892, it is the second-oldest club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA), after Melbourne University Football Club, although Collegians is the only present-day club that competed in the inaugural VAFA season.

As of 2024, the club's men's and women's teams both compete in the Premier Division of the VAFA and VAFA Women's (VAFAW) respectively.
Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics
Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics is a nonintrusive (noninvasive) technique which maps material thickness using ultrasonic techniques.

Variations in material thickness due to corrosion can be identified and graphically portrayed as an image. 
The technique is widely used in the oil and gas industries for the in-service detection and characterization of corrosion in pipes and vessels.
The data is stored on a computer and may be color coded to show differences in thickness readings.

Corrosion may be mapped using Zero degree ultrasonic probes, an Eddy current array and/or Time of flight detection methods.  
The book Nondestructive Examination of Underwater Welded Structures by Victor S. Davey describes a "fully automated dual axis robotic scanner used for corrosion mapping normally using a single zero degree compression probe scanned in a raster pattern over the area of interest."  
He also goes on to explain that "typically a 4 mm by 4 mm raster" is used.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Wrangell High School
Wrangell High School is a public high school located in Wrangell, Alaska, United States. It is operated by Wrangell Public Schools.

The school has a cooperative agreement with the University of Alaska Southeast to help high school students acquire technical skills and college credits.  The program began with construction techniques and woodworking, but has expanded.

Its basketball teams compete with other high school teams in the state.  In March 2015, the "Wrangell Wolves" basketball team won fourth place in a statewide tournament, along with awards for the highest grade point averages (GPA) in the state as well as good sportsmanship.  In December 2014, the Wrangell High School wrestling team won a southeast regional tournament for the first time in more than 20 years.

Behind the high school, a hiking trail named for John Muir begins.  A 15-minute climb up that John Muir Trail goes through second-growth forest to an observation platform atop Mt. Dewey.

High school basketball
High school basketball, also known as prep basketball, is the sport of basketball as played by high school teams in the United States and Canada.

Top high school athletes sometimes go on to play college basketball after graduating. Some players were drafted directly from high school to play professionally in the National Basketball Association, including future NBA stars Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, Tracy McGrady, and LeBron James.
Senso (film)
Senso is a 1954 Italian historical melodrama film directed and co-written by Luchino Visconti, based on Camillo Boito's novella of the same name. Set during the Third Italian War of Independence, the film follows the Italian Contessa Livia Serpieri (Alida Valli), who has an affair with the Austrian Lieutenant Franz Mahler (Farley Granger). It was Visconti's first color film.

The word senso [ˈsɛn.so] is Italian for "sense," "feeling," or "lust." The title refers to the delight Livia experiences while reflecting on her affair with a handsome lieutenant, in spite of her political convictions.

In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Camillo Boito
Camillo Boito (Italian pronunciation: [kaˈmillo ˈbɔito]; 30 October 1836 – 28 June 1914) was an Italian architect and engineer, and a noted art critic, art historian and novelist. He was the brother of Arrigo Boito, the friend and librettist of the Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi.

Boito was an important figure in many ways in the cultural life of Italy, and especially Milan, in the second half of the 19th century. He not only taught at the Brera Academy and the Istituto tecnico superiore for nearly 50 years but also took part in competitions (both as competitor and adjudicator), wrote articles on architecture and restoration for newspapers and periodicals, as well as numerous reports for private individuals and the government, and was active in numerous professional associations. He also served on numerous commissions, particularly after his appointment as Director of the Brera Academy in 1897.
Sheriff of Inverness
The Sheriff of Inverness was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order and bringing criminals to justice in Inverness, Scotland. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

Following mergers the office became the Sheriff of Inverness, Elgin & Nairn in 1882 and the Sheriff of Inverness, Moray, Nairn & Ross & Cromarty in 1946. That sheriffdom was dissolved in turn in 1975 and replaced by that of the Sheriff Principal of Grampian, Highland and Islands.

Sheriff of Haddington
The Sheriff of Haddington, or Sheriff of East Lothian, was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Haddington, Scotland. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

The sheriffdom of Haddington was created in the 12th century. Following mergers of the Scottish sheriffdoms in 1856 the position was retitled Sheriff of Haddington & Berwick. The sheriffdom was divided in 1872 and merged into the sheriffdoms of Midlothian & Haddington and Roxburgh, Berwick & Selkirk.
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Lucius Licinius Lucullus was the name used by men of gens Licinia in Ancient Rome. They came from the Licinii Luculli, in which the most famous member was the consul in 74 BC and conqueror of Mithridates VI of Pontus.

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (aedile 202 BC), great-grandfather of the famous conqueror

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (consul 151 BC), grandfather of the famous conqueror

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 104 BC), father of the famous conqueror

Lucullus (Lucius Licinius Lucullus), consul 74 BC and the general in the Third Mithridatic War

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 67 BC)

Lucullus the Younger (Lucius Licinius Lucullus), son of the famous conqueror.

Mithridates VI Eupator
Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator (Ancient Greek: Μιθριδάτης; 135–63 BC) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He sought to dominate Asia Minor and the Black Sea region, waging several hard-fought but ultimately unsuccessful wars (the Mithridatic Wars) to break Roman dominion over Asia and the Hellenic world. He has been called the greatest ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. He cultivated an immunity to poisons by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses; this practice, now called mithridatism, is named after him. After his death, he became known as Mithridates the Great. He claimed to be a descendant of Darius the Great.
O'pen Skiff
The O'PEN Skiff, or O'pen Bic, is a sailing dinghy that was designed by Vitali Design of Italy for children's sail training and as a one design racer. It was first built in 2006.

The design is a World Sailing international class.

The boat was originally marketed by the manufacturer BIC as the O'PEN Bic, but was renamed the O'PEN Skiff in 2019 with the acquisition of Bic Sport by the Estonian company TAHE Outdoors.

Sail training
From its modern interpretations to its antecedents when maritime nations would send young naval officer candidates to sea (e.g., see Outward Bound), sail training provides an unconventional and effective way of building many useful skills on and off the water.
Liguria (Roman province)
Liguria was a late Roman province in Italy in the 4th–6th centuries. Despite its name, it encompassed most of the modern Italian region of Piedmont and parts of Lombardy, but not the medieval and modern region of Liguria, which was included in the province of Alpes Cottiae. The province's capital was Mediolanum (Milan) and it was governed by an official of consularis rank. Administratively, it was subject to the Diocese of Annonarian Italy and to the praetorian prefecture of Italy.

Alpes Cottiae
The Alpes Cottiae (Latin pronunciation: [ˈaɫpeːs ˈkɔttɪ.ae̯]; English: 'Cottian Alps') was a small province of the Roman Empire founded in 63 AD by Emperor Nero. It was one of the three provinces straddling the Alps between modern France and Italy, along with the Alpes Graiae et Poeninae and Alpes Maritimae.

The capital of the province was Segusio (modern Susa, Piedmont). Other important settlements were located at Eburodunum and Brigantio (Briançon). Named after the 1st-century BC ruler of the region, Marcus Julius Cottius, the toponym survives today in the Cottian Alps.
Kelasuri
The Kelasuri or  Kelasyri, also  Kalashir (Georgian: კელასური [Kelasuri], Abkhaz: Kyalashәyr [Kyalashir])  is a river in Abkhazia, Georgia.

The source is located on the glacier Khimsa at Bzyb Range. Kelasuri begins at the merger of Kelasuri First and Kelasuri Second rivers.

The river flows along the administrative border of the Sukhumi and Gulripshi districts.

The river sources are glacial water and rain. Water consumption in early May is about 20 to 25 cubic metres per second (710 to 880 cu ft/s). A significant part of the river bed runs along the gorge. 5 km (3.1 mi) from the center Sukhumi and flows into the Black Sea. It is one of the largest rivers in Abkhazia.

Abkhaz language
Abkhaz, also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza. It is spoken mostly by the Abkhaz people. It is one of the official languages of Abkhazia, where around 190,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan, and several Western countries. 27 October is the day of the Abkhazian language in Georgia.
Berliner Zeitung
The Berliner Zeitung (German: [bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; lit. 'Berlin Newspaper') is a daily newspaper based in Berlin, Germany. Founded in East Germany in 1945, it is the only East German paper to achieve national prominence since reunification. It is published by Berliner Verlag.

Tabloid journalism
Tabloid journalism is a popular style of largely sensationalist journalism, which takes its name from the tabloid newspaper format: a small-sized newspaper also known as a half broadsheet. The size became associated with sensationalism, and tabloid journalism replaced the earlier label of yellow journalism and scandal sheets.: 73  Not all newspapers associated with tabloid journalism are tabloid size, and not all tabloid-size newspapers engage in tabloid journalism; since around the year 2000, many broadsheet newspapers converted to the more compact tabloid format.

In some cases, celebrities have successfully sued tabloids for libel, demonstrating that the tabloid's stories have defamed them. Publications engaging in tabloid journalism are also known as rag newspapers or simply rags. In the 21st century, tabloid journalism has shifted to online platforms targeting youth consumers with celebrity news and entertainment.
Wait and See (Brandon Heath song)
"Wait and See" is a song by Christian contemporary-alternative rock musician Brandon Heath from his second studio album, What If We. It was released sometime in early 2009, as the second single from the album.

Christian alternative rock
Christian alternative rock is a form of alternative rock music that is lyrically grounded in a Christian worldview. Some critics have suggested that unlike CCM and older Christian rock, Christian alternative rock generally emphasizes musical style over lyrical content as a defining genre characteristic, though the degree to which the faith appears in the music varies from artist to artist.
East Prussian offensive
The East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until the country did on 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.

The East Prussian offensive is known to German historians as the second East Prussian offensive. The first East Prussian offensive (also known as the Gumbinnen Operation), took place from 16 to 27 October 1944, and was carried out by the 3rd Belorussian Front under General  I.D. Chernyakhovsky as part of the Memel offensive of the 1st Baltic Front. The Soviet forces took heavy casualties while penetrating 30–60 km (19–37 mi) into the east-northern part of Poland, and the offensive was postponed until greater reserves could be gathered.

David M. Glantz
David M. Glantz (born January 11, 1942) is an American military historian known for his books on the Red Army during World War II and as the chief editor of The Journal of Slavic Military Studies.

Born in Port Chester, New York, Glantz received degrees in history from the Virginia Military Institute and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Defense Language Institute, Institute for Russian and Eastern European Studies, and U.S. Army War College.

Glantz had a career of more than 30 years in the U.S. Army, served in the Vietnam War, and retired as a colonel in 1993.
HMNZS Wellington
Two ships of the Royal New Zealand Navy have been named HMNZS Wellington after the national capital Wellington, the former Wellington Province, and/or the current Wellington Region:

HMNZS Wellington (F69), a Leander-class frigate that commissioned in 1987 and was sunk as a dive wreck in 2005.

HMNZS Wellington (P55), a Protector-class offshore patrol vessel currently in service.

Leander-class frigate
The Leander-class, or Type 12I (Improved) frigates, comprising twenty-six vessels, was among the most numerous and long-lived classes of frigate in the Royal Navy's modern history. The class was built in three batches between 1959 and 1973. It had an unusually high public profile, due to the popular BBC television drama series Warship. The Leander silhouette became synonymous with the Royal Navy through the 1960s until the 1980s.

The Leander design or derivatives of it were built for other navies:

Royal New Zealand Navy as the Leander class

Chilean Navy: Condell class

Royal Australian Navy: River class

Indian Navy: Nilgiri class

Royal Netherlands Navy: Van Speijk class
Kalynove
Kalynove (Ukrainian: Калинове; Russian: Калиново) is a rural settlement in Kadiivka urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion (district), Luhansk Oblast (region), Ukraine, at about 62 km WSW from the centre of Luhansk city. Population: 2,926 (2022 estimate).

The settlement was taken under control of pro-Russian forces during the War in Donbass, that started in 2014.

Luhansk
Luhansk (UK: /luːˈhænsk/, US: /-ˈhɑːn-/; Ukrainian: Луганськ, IPA: [lʊˈɦɑnʲsʲk] ⓘ), also known as Lugansk (UK: /-ˈɡæn-/, US: /-ˈɡɑːn-/; Russian: Луганск, IPA: [lʊˈɡansk] ⓘ), is a city in the Donbas in eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be 397,677 (2022 estimate), making Luhansk the 12th-largest city in Ukraine.

Luhansk served as the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast, before pro-Russian separatists seized control of the city in 2014 and made it the capital of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic. The Ukrainian administration was located in Sievierodonetsk from 2014 to 2022 during the war in Donbas, due to Ukraine not being in control of Luhansk. Sievierodonetsk was captured by Russia in 2022 and Luhansk Oblast was later annexed by Russia in late 2022.