hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gordan's lemma
Gordan's lemma is a lemma in convex geometry and algebraic geometry. It can be stated in several ways.

Let  be a matrix of integers. Let  be the set of non-negative integer solutions of . Then there exists a finite subset of vectors in , such that every element of  is a linear combination of these vectors with non-negative integer coefficients.

The semigroup of integral points in a rational convex polyhedral cone is finitely generated.

An affine toric variety is an algebraic variety (this follows from the fact that the prime spectrum of the semigroup algebra of such a semigroup is, by definition, an affine toric variety).

The lemma is named after the mathematician Paul Gordan (1837–1912). Some authors have misspelled it as "Gordon's lemma".

Convex cone
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone to distinguish it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a real vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is,  is a cone if  implies  for every positive scalar . This is a broad generalization of the standard cone in Euclidean space.

A convex cone is a cone that is also closed under addition, or, equivalently, a subset of a vector space that is closed under linear combinations with positive coefficients. It follows that convex cones are convex sets.

The definition of a convex cone makes sense in a vector space over any ordered field, although the field of real numbers is used most often.
Hugh Thompson (cricketer)
Hugh Reginald Patrick Thompson (11 April 1934 — 8 December 2021) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of Alan Robert Thompson, he was born at Scunthorpe in April 1934. He was educated at Cheltenham College, where he was a college prefect. He made two appearances in first-class cricket for Hampshire, with both matches coming against Oxford University at the University Parks in 1953 and 1954. He scored 16 runs in these matches, in addition to taking two wickets with his off break bowling. He later qualified as a chartered accountant in 1958. In later life, Thompson was a company director of Limehouse & Co. chartered accountants in Rugby. Thompson died at his home in Rugby in December 2021.

Scunthorpe
Scunthorpe (/ˈskʌnθɔːrp/) is an industrial town in Lincolnshire, England, and the county's third most populous settlement after Lincoln and Grimsby, with a population of 81,286 in 2021. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement of the North Lincolnshire district. Scunthorpe lies north of Lincoln and is between Grimsby to the east and Doncaster to the west, while Hull is to the north-east via the Humber Bridge.
Caxito (footballer)
Jeferson Luiz da Silva Caetano (born 18 August 1991), commonly known as Caxito, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Portuguesa Santista.

In a journeyman career, he played in the championships of eight states,  winning the Campeonato Paraibano with Treze in 2020. He was the top scorer of the Campeonato Pernambucano in 2017 and 2018, respectively for Afogados and América-PE. He did not play in a national league until his Campeonato Brasileiro Série C debut aged nearly 27.

Journeyman (sports)
In American English, a journeyman is an athlete who is technically competent but unable to excel. The term is used elsewhere (such as in American, British and Australian contexts) to refer to a professional sportsman who plays for numerous clubs during his career. In Britain, the term is also used derogatorily, along with mercenary, to refer to players who join various affluent clubs purely in search of higher contractual payouts rather than to further their career; usually clubs which they would likely never join otherwise.
Katlaheri
Katlaheri is a village situated in the Karnal district of Haryana. It is at a distance of 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Karnal and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Jundla on the road to Assandh.

This village is famous by the name thakur Kundan singh and Dr. Panna Lal Sharma

Assandh
Assandh, historically known as Āsandīvat, is a town and municipal committee in the Karnal district of the Indian state of Haryana. Assandh is located in 45 km south-west of Karnal. The town is surrounded by four districts - Karnal, Kaithal, Jind and Panipat.
Håkon Lorentzen
Håkon Holmefjord Lorentzen (born 2 August 1997) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Norwegian First Division club Start.

Speed skater Håvard Lorentzen is an older brother of Håkon.

Åsane Fotball
Åsane Fotball is a Norwegian football club based in Åsane. The club currently competing in 1. divisjon, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, in which they have been participating since their promotion in 2019 2. divisjon. They were relegated from 1. divisjon in 2018.
Mattucashlass
A mattucashlass is a type of dagger worn concealed in the armpit and primarily used for close combat, part of traditional Scottish male Highland dress. It is also referred to as an armpit dagger or a sleeve dagger in English. In Scots, the alternative name skene-ochil or skene-occles can also be found.

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
Saint Roch Interceding with the Virgin for the Plague-Stricken
Saint Roch Interceding with the Virgin for the Plague-Stricken is an early religious painting by the French artist Jacques-Louis David. It shows Saint Roch interceding to the Virgin Mary and Christ Child for the plague sufferers shown around him. He painted it in 1780 during his stay at the Villa Medici in Rome after winning first prize for painting in the Prix de Rome (before his Portrait of count Stanislas Potocki) and exhibited it at the Salon of 1781 at the Louvre on his return to France. While in Rome he was much influenced by the works of Caravaggio, Poussin, Guercino and Lebrun. He was determined not to be seduced by the Italian baroque style, declaring "the Antique will not seduce me, it lacks animation, it does not move". Nevertheless, he filled twelve sketchbooks with drawings while he was in Rome, and he and his studio used them as models for the rest of his life.

Charles Le Brun
Charles Le Brun (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl lə bʁœ̃]; baptised 24 February 1619 – 12 February 1690) was a French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and a director of several art schools of his time. He served as a court painter to Louis XIV, who declared him "the greatest French artist of all time". Le Brun was a dominant figure in 17th-century French art and was influenced by Nicolas Poussin.
Xavier Doherty
Xavier John Doherty (born 22 November 1982) is a former Australian international cricketer who played Australian domestic cricket with Tasmania and internationally for Australia.

He is a left-handed batsman and a slow left arm orthodox bowler. After continued one-day success for Tasmania, Doherty made his One Day International debut for Australia against Sri Lanka at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in November 2010. Later that month, he made his Test debut against England at the Gabba, when he replaced off spinner Nathan Hauritz in team. He was not selected in Australia's 2011 World Cup squad due to a back injury. Doherty was a member of the Australian team that won the 2015 Cricket World Cup.

In March 2017, he announced his retirement from domestic cricket, following the conclusion of the 2016–17 Sheffield Shield season. He is now working as a carpenter.

Off spin
Off spin is a type of spin bowling in cricket. A bowler who uses this technique is called an off spinner. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  finger spin action. Their normal delivery is called an off break, which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the pitch. For a right-handed batter, the ball breaks towards them from the off side, hence the name 'off break'.

Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the line and length of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, length and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.

The bowler with the most wickets in the history of both Test matches and ODIs, Muttiah Muralitharan, was an off spinner.
It Happened in the Kitchen
It Happened in the Kitchen  (1941) is a 40-minute Kodachrome consumer-facing film sponsored by The Modern Kitchen Bureau to promote the importance of having a modern kitchen and how modernizing can benefit the average American family.

In 2024, the National Film Preservation Foundation, an organization created by the U.S. Congress to help save America's film heritage, awarded the Hagley Museum and Library a grant to preserve the film.

Hagley Museum and Library
The Hagley Museum and Library is a nonprofit educational institution in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware, near Wilmington. Covering more than 235 acres (95 ha) along the banks of the Brandywine Creek, the museum and grounds include the first du Pont family home and garden in the United States, the powder yards, and a 19th-century machine shop. On the hillside below the mansion lies a Renaissance Revival garden, with terraces and statuary, created in the 1920s by Louise Evelina du Pont Crowninshield (1877–1958).
Ichthyophis weberi
Ichthyophis weberi, the Malatgan River caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forests, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.

In 2011, the species was found in Cleopatra's Needle, a diverse landscape of ancient rainforest in Palawan, after 50 years of disappearance.

Ichthyophiidae
The Ichthyophiidae are the family of Asiatic tailed caecilians or fish caecilians found in South and Southeast Asia as well as southernmost China.

They are primitive caecilians, lacking many of the derived characters found in the other families. For example, their mouths are not recessed underneath their heads, they possess tails, and they have numerous scales on their bodies. However, they have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.

They lay their eggs in cavities in moist soil, where they hatch into larvae that seek out streams or underground seepages, before metamorphosing into adults. Some evidence indicates the females may protect their eggs until they hatch.
Fawn Lake (Lake Pleasant, Hamilton County, New York)
Fawn Lake is located in Hamilton County, New York west of Lake Pleasant. Fish species present in the lake are lake trout, white sucker, black bullhead, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, and pickerel. There is trail access on the southwest shore from Sacandaga Lake. No fishing is allowed between 10/16 and 3/31.

Yellow perch
The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), commonly referred to as perch, striped perch, American perch or preacher is a freshwater perciform fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch was described in 1814 by Samuel Latham Mitchill from New York. It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch (Perca fluviatilis); and is sometimes considered a subspecies of its European counterpart.

Latitudinal variability in age, growth rates, and size have been observed among populations of yellow perch, likely resulting from differences in day length and annual water temperatures. In many populations, yellow perch often live 9 to 10 years, with adults generally ranging 4–10 in (10–25 cm) in length.

The world record for a yellow by weight is 4 lb 3 oz (1.9 kg), and was caught in May 1865 in Bordentown, New Jersey, by Dr. C. Abbot. It is the longest-standing record for a freshwater fish in North America.
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres T54
The women's 100m T54 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Stadium on 10 September. There were two heats; the first 3 in each heat (Q) plus the 2 fastest other times (q) qualified.

Beijing National Stadium
The National Stadium (国家体育场, Guójiā Tǐyùchǎng), a.k.a. the Bird's Nest (鸟巢), is a stadium at Olympic Green in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. The National Stadium, covering an area of 204,000 square meters with an 80,000 person capacity (91,000 with temporary seating), broke ground in December 2003, officially started construction in March 2004, and was completed in June 2008.

The National Stadium is owned and operated by a partnership company between Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Management Co Ltd (58%) and CITIC Group (42%).

The stadium was designed for the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It was also used during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.
Masjchun Sofwan
Masjchun Sofwan was born on 7 September 1927 in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia. Sofwan became the governor of Jambi from 1979 to 1989. After graduating from Gadjah Mada University, Sofwan served as the mayor of the Temanggung Regency from 1964 until 1978. He replaced Eddy Sabara as the governor of the province.

He died on 3 October 2015 in Jakarta due to complications with an undisclosed disease.

Jambi
Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi. It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km2, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km2. Its area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia or Smolensk Oblast. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2024 was 3,745,746 (comprising 1,893,490 males and 1,830,790 females).
Hellmut Federhofer
Hellmut Federhofer (August 6, 1911 – May 1, 2014) was an Austrian musicologist. Born in Graz, he studied music there and in Vienna at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna, graduating in 1936. In 1937, he became a librarian  at the library of the Technische Hochschule Graz (BTH) and later the Universitätsbibliothek Graz. He became director of the BTH in 1940. In 1959 he became professor of music theory. From 1962 until 1979 he was director of the musicology Institute of Mainz University, where he became Emeritus Professor of musicology.

Federhofer was an honorary member of the Österreichische Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft and the Akademie für Mozart-Forschung (founded in 1931 as Zentralinstitut für Mozart-Forschung) In 2001 he received an honorary doctorate from the Philosophy department of the University of Graz. He turned 100 in August 2011. He died in 2014 at the age of 102.

University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna
The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (German: Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, abbreviated MDW) is an Austrian university established in 1817 located in Vienna. With a student body of over three thousand, it is the largest institution of its kind in Austria, and one of the largest in the world.

In 1817, it was established by the Society for the Friends of Music. It has had several names: Vienna Conservatory, Vienna Academy and in 1909 it was nationalized as the Imperial Academy of Music and the Performing Arts. In 1998, the University assumed its current name to reflect its university status, attained in a wide 1970 reform for Austrian Arts Academies.
Joseph B. Wirthlin
Joseph Bitner Wirthlin (June 11, 1917 – December 1, 2008) was an American businessman, religious leader and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was sustained to the Twelve on October 4, 1986, and ordained an apostle on October 9, 1986, by Thomas S. Monson. He became an apostle following the death of church president Spencer W. Kimball. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Wirthlin was accepted by the church membership as a prophet, seer, and revelator.

General authority
A general authority is a member of the highest levels of leadership within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who has administrative and ecclesiastical authority over the church. A general authority's jurisdiction is church-wide, in contrast to the responsibilities of a local authority or an area authority, which relate to a particular area, unit, or department of the church. As a group, the general authorities are often referred to as "the Brethren". As of April 2023, the church listed 95 general authorities.
James Elias
James Elias (born 4 December 1993) is a Lebanon international rugby league footballer. Playing as a centre or second-row, Elias represented Lebanon at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.

From Corlette, New South Wales, Elias is a youth worker and teacher aid. He played in the NSW Cup for three seasons for the Newcastle Knights. Elias played for Western Suburbs Rosellas for two seasons (in 2017 and 2018) before leaving to pursue a career in policing.

Western Suburbs Rosellas
The Western Suburbs Rosellas, Western Suburbs, Wests, The Rosellas are a Rugby league club based in the Newcastle, NSW region of Australia. It was a foundation member of the Newcastle Rugby League in 1909 and has been one of the most successful teams in that competition. The club has had a number of players represent Australia including Wally Prigg, a member of the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. Johnny Raper, another member of the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame played for Wests after he finished playing for the St. George Dragons.
Mirta González Suárez
Mirta González Suárez (born September 29, 1948) is a Costa Rican social psychologist and novelist. She is an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Costa Rica, where she has conducted research in women's studies and political psychology. Her first novel, Crimen con sonrisa (Crime with a Smile), won a national literary award, the Aquileo J. Echeverría National Prize, in 2013. In 2016 she won the award "UNA palabra" by the National University of Costa Rica for her novel "La gobernadora" and in 2021 the "Juegos Florales Hispanoamericanos de Quetzaltenango 2021" for the novel "La Independencia".

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
2015 New York City Marathon
The 2015 New York City Marathon was the 45th running of the annual marathon race in New York City, New York, which took place on November 1. The event was organised by the New York Road Runners and sponsored by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). The main race saw the third successive time that Kenyans won both races. Stanley Biwott won the men's division with a time of 2:10:34. His compatriot Mary Jepkosgei Keitany claimed the women's division with a time of 2:24:25, her second consecutive win in New York. In the wheelchair divisions, South African Ernst van Dyk won the men's division with a time of 1:30:54 and American Tatyana McFadden won the women's division with a new record of 1:43:04.

A total of 50,229 runners were registered to take part in the event. Amongst them, 49,828 runners finished the race, comprising 28,804 men and 21,024  women.

New York Road Runners
New York Road Runners (NYRR) is a non-profit running organization based in New York City whose mission is to help and inspire people through running. It was founded in 1958 by Ted Corbitt with 47 members and has since grown to a membership of more than 60,000. As of 2012, it was considered to be the premier running organization in the United States.
Konstantinos Barbarousis
Konstantinos Barbarousis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μπαρμπαρούσης; Machairas, Astakos, 30 October 1980) is a far-right Greek politician, member of the Greek Parliament for Golden Dawn from May 2012 until June 2019.

In 2018, from the floor of the parliament, Barbarousis called for the military to "respect their oath" and arrest Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, Minister of National Defence Panos Kammenos, and President Prokopis Pavlopoulos "in order to prevent this high treason" about the Prespa agreement that was due to be reached, that was seen as giving out the name "Macedonia". The government of the time reacted to it as a call for a military coup, and a treason investigation was opened against him.

After his speech, Barbousis was expelled from the party and from parliament.

At the time of his speech, protests had already happened in and out of the country against the Prespa agreement, and there were instances of conflict between protesters and anti-riot units.

2019 Greek parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 7 July 2019. The elections were called by Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras on 26 May 2019 after the ruling Syriza party lost the European and  local elections. They were the first national elections since the voting age was lowered to 17, and the number of parliamentary constituencies was increased from 56 to 59. Athens B, the largest constituency before the 2018 reforms, with 44 seats, was broken up into smaller constituencies, the largest of which had 18 seats.

The result was a landslide victory for the centre-right liberal conservative New Democracy party led by Kyriakos Mitsotakis, which received nearly 40% of the vote and won 158 seats, an outright majority. This was Greece's first single-party majority government since 2009.
Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary
Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in Kalyanpur taluka, Devbhumi Dwarka district, Gujarat, India. Established in November 1988, it is 332.87 hectares in size and is situated in the Saurashtra peninsula on the coast of the Gulf of Kutch. The flora consists of grassland, saline scrub, Prosopis chilensis, kerdo (Capparis decidua), gorad (Senegalia senegal), and piloo (Salvadora persica). There are several important animal species, such as nilgai, golden jackal, jungle cat, mongoose, and Indian wolf; and avifauna, such as flamingoes, great Indian bustard, lark, partridge, and sand grouse.

Along with Kutch Bustard Sanctuary, Gaga Wildlife is one of two great Indian bustard sanctuaries in Gujarat, though the bird has disappeared from all Gujarat sanctuaries which were established for its protection over two decades ago.

Lark
Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae. Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only a single species, the horned lark, occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark occurs in Australia.  Habitats vary widely, but many species live in drier regions.  When the word "lark" is used without specification, it often refers to the Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis).