hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
8th Signals Intelligence Battalion "Tonale"
The 8th Signals Intelligence Battalion "Tonale" (Italian: 8° Battaglione Trasmissioni Ricerca Elettronica "Tonale") is a former signals intelligence (SIGINT) and currently signals battalion of the Italian Army. The battalion was formed in 1976 and named  for the Tonale Pass. The battalion was the army's strategic signals intelligence unit during the Cold War. In 1998, he battalion was disbanded and its tasks and personnel transferred to the Italian Army's 33rd Electronic Warfare Battalion "Falzarego" and the Italian Armed Forces' Information and Security Department. In 2001, the battalion was reformed and assigned to the 11th Signal Regiment as the regiment's second signal battalion. The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all signal units, on 20 June 1918, the day the Austro-Hungarian Army began its retreat across the Piave river during the Second Battle of the Piave River.

Second Battle of the Piave River
The Second Battle of the Piave River (or Battle of the Solstice), fought between 15 and 23 June 1918, was a decisive victory for the Italian Army against the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I, as Italy was part of the Allied Forces, while Austria-Hungary was part of the Central Powers. Though the battle proved to be a decisive blow to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and by extension the Central Powers, its full significance was not initially appreciated in Italy. Yet Erich Ludendorff, on hearing the news, is reported to have said he 'had the sensation of defeat for the first time'. It would later become clear that the battle was in fact the beginning of the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Judicial independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government, meaning that courts should not be subject to improper influence from those branches or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is an important component of the separation of powers.

Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005
The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, relevant to UK constitutional law. It provides for a Supreme Court of the United Kingdom to take over the previous appellate jurisdiction of the Law Lords as well as some powers of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and removed the functions of Speaker of the House of Lords and Head of the Judiciary of England and Wales from the office of Lord Chancellor.
Thabo Mooki
Thabo Mooki affectionately nicknamed Tsiki-Tsiki (born 22 October 1974 in Soweto, Gauteng) is a retired South African association football midfielder who spent all his professional career with Premier Soccer League club Kaizer Chiefs. He also represented South Africa.

Premier Soccer League
The Premier Soccer League (PSL) is the administrative body for professional soccer leagues and cups in South Africa. It is based in Johannesburg, and was founded in 1996 following an agreement between the National Soccer League and the remnants of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL).

Affiliated to the South African Football Association (SAFA), the PSL organizes the country's top two professional divisions in the South African Premiership and the National First Division, and knockout cup competitions in the Nedbank Cup and the MTN 8. Teams that are relegated from the National First Division compete in the SAFA Second Division. They also organize a Youth League or PSL Reserve League DStv Diski Challenge.
1993 Nescafe Extra Challenge
The 1993 Nescafé Extra Challenge was a  professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played in Bangkok, Thailand in January 1993. Four players participated - Alan McManus, Ronnie O'Sullivan, John Parrott and James Wattana. 17 year old  O'Sullivan won the tournament to collect his first professional title. As champion, O'Sullivan received £10,500 from the total prize fund of £30,000. The tournament was played in a Round-Robin group format.

Alan McManus
Alan McManus (born 21 January 1971) is a Scottish retired professional snooker player, and a current commentator and pundit for ITV, BBC and TNT on snooker coverage. A mainstay of the world's top sixteen during the 1990s and 2000s, he has won two ranking events, the 1994 Dubai Classic and the 1996 Thailand Open, and competed in the World Championship semi-finals in 1992, 1993 and 2016. He also won the 1994 Masters, ending Stephen Hendry's five-year, 23-match unbeaten streak at the tournament with a 9–8 victory in the final. McManus announced his retirement on 9 April 2021 after losing 6–3 to Bai Langning in the second qualifying round of the 2021 World Snooker Championship.
Adolphus Andrews
Adolphus Andrews (October 7, 1879 – June 19, 1948) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral. A Naval Academy graduate and veteran of three wars, he is most noted for his service as Commander, Eastern Sea Frontier during the World War II.

He later served on the Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry in 1944 and following the War, Andrews served as American Red Cross Commissioner for Pacific area.

USS Mayflower (PY-1)
USS Mayflower (PY-1) (later as USCGC Mayflower (WPG-183)) was a 275 ft (84 m),
2,690 t (2,650 LT) motor vessel originally built as a private yacht that went on to serve in a variety of military, governmental, and commercial roles.

She had an extremely long and diverse career. She served as a private yacht, merchant ship and as the presidential yacht for five United States presidents (T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, Harding and Coolidge). She also served as a warship, and was possibly the only US Navy ship (certainly one of the very few) to have been in active commissioned service during the Spanish–American War, World War I and World War II. She was also one of the few ships to have served in both the United States and Israeli navies.
2009 Morocco Tennis Tour – Meknes – Doubles
Alberto Martín and Daniel Muñoz de la Nava were the defending champions but only Muñoz de la Nava chose to defend his title, partnering David Marrero.

Marc López and Lamine Ouahab won the title after defeating Alessio di Mauro and Giancarlo Petrazzuolo 6–3, 7–5 in the final.

Alessio di Mauro
Alessio di Mauro (born 9 August 1977) is a former professional tennis player from Italy. During his career, he reached the final of one ATP tournament, the 2007 ATP Buenos Aires. On 26 February 2007 the left-hander reached his career high ranking of world no. 68.
Isaiah 56
Isaiah 56 is the fifty-sixth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapter 56 is the first chapter of the final section of the Book of Isaiah, often referred to as Trito-Isaiah.

Nevi'im
The Nevi'im (/nəviˈiːm, nəˈviːɪm/; Biblical Hebrew: נְבִיאִים, romanized: Nəviʾim, lit. 'spokespersons, prophets') is the second major division of the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), lying between the first division, the Torah (lit. 'instruction') and the third division, Ketuvim (lit. 'writings'). The Nevi'im are divided into two groups. The Former Prophets (Hebrew: נביאים ראשונים Nəviʾim Rishonim) consists of the narrative books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; while the Latter Prophets (נביאים אחרונים Nəviʾim Aḥaronim) include the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Social rationality
In behavioural sciences, social rationality is a type of decision strategy used in social contexts, in which a set of simple rules is applied in complex and uncertain situations.

Social rationality is a form of bounded rationality applied to social contexts, where individuals make choices and predictions under uncertainty. While game theory deals with well-defined situations, social rationality explicitly deals with situations in which not all alternatives, consequences, and  event probabilities can be foreseen. The idea is that, similar to non-social environments, individuals rely, and should rely, on fast and frugal heuristics in order to deal with complex and genuinely uncertain social environments. This emphasis on simple rules in an uncertain world contrasts with the view that the complexity of social situations requires highly sophisticated mental strategies, as has been assumed in primate research and neuroscience, among others.

Decision theory
Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty. It differs from the cognitive and behavioral sciences in that it is mainly prescriptive and concerned with identifying optimal decisions for a rational agent, rather than describing how people actually make decisions. Despite this, the field is important to the study of real human behavior by social scientists, as it lays the foundations to mathematically model and analyze individuals in fields such as sociology, economics, criminology, cognitive science, moral philosophy and political science.
Ch'iyar Jaqhi (Sajama)
Ch'iyar Jaqhi (Aymara ch'iyara black, jaqhi precipice, cliff,  "black cliff", also spelled Chiar Jakke) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It lies in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, in the north of the Turco Municipality. Ch'iyar Jaqhi is situated north-west of the mountains Yaritani and Wankarani.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Sebastian Haag
Sebastian Haag (23 May 1978 – 24 September 2014) was a German extreme ski mountaineer and extreme skier. Together with Benedikt Böhm he holds the records in speed ski mountaineering at the Muztagata and the Gasherbrum II.

Haag was born in Munich, where he worked as a veterinarian, and was a member of the Dynafit Gore-Tex team.

Haag died on 24 September 2014 together with the Italian mountaineer Andrea Zambaldi at the Shishapangma in an avalanche accident.  He was 36.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
Farfield Friends Meeting House
Farfield Friends Meeting House is a redundant Quaker meeting house now cared for by the Friends of Friendless Churches. It is located some 2 miles (3 km) north of the village of Addingham, West Yorkshire, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Friends meeting house
A Friends meeting house is a meeting house of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), where meeting for worship is usually held.

Typically, Friends meeting houses are simple and resemble local residential buildings. Ornamentation, spires, and steeples are usually avoided.

When Quakers speak of a "church," it generally refers to the persons of the worshipping community, rather than the building itself.
Acacia doreta
Acacia doreta, also known as Vollies’ minni ritchi,  is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with minni ritchi bark, glabrous branchlets, more or less terete phyllodes, spherical to oblong heads or spikes of light golden yellow flowers and narrowly oblong to linear pods.

Terete
Terete is a term in botany used to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it. That is usually contrasted with cross-sections that are flattened, with a distinct upper surface that is different from the lower surface. The cross-section of a branch in a tree is somewhat round, so the branch is terete. The cross section of a normal leaf has an upper surface, and a lower surface, so the leaf is not terete. However, the fleshy leaves of succulents are sometimes terete. Fruticose lichens are terete, with a roughly circular cross section and a single wrap-around skin-like surface called the cortex, compared to foliose lichens and crustose lichens, which have a flattened cross section with an upper surface that is distinct from the lower surface.

Plants and lichens may also be described as subterete, meaning that they are not completely terete.
Tidemand
Tidemand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolph Tidemand (1814–1876), Norwegian painter

Ole Tidemand (1710–1778), Norwegian theologian and priest

Otto Grieg Tidemand (1921–2006), Norwegian politician

Pontus Tidemand (born 1990), Swedish rally and rallycross driver

Ole Tidemand
Ole Tidemand (31 October 1710–9 January 1778) was a Norwegian theologian and priest.  He served as a bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1757 until 1762 and then Bishop of the Diocese of Christianssand from 1762 until 1778.  Bishop Tidemand always had powerful friends in Copenhagen, the capital of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway.  Most notably, the Dowager Queen Juliana Maria was a supporter of his.  Tidemand was a student and colleague of Bishop Erik Pontoppidan and a leader in the pietist movement in Norway.
British Rail D0260
D0260, named Lion, was a one-off prototype Type 4 mainline diesel-electric locomotive built in 1962 by a consortium of Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, Sulzer the engine maker and Associated Electrical Industries, at BRCW's Smethwick works near Birmingham.

The locomotive's number was derived from its works number, DEL260.

Associated Electrical Industries
Associated Electrical Industries (AEI) was a British holding company formed in 1928 through the merger of British Thomson-Houston (BTH) and Metropolitan-Vickers electrical engineering companies. In 1967 AEI was acquired by GEC, to create the UK's largest industrial group. A scandal that followed the acquisition is said to have been instrumental in reforming accounting practices in the UK.
John Wilkins Whitfield
John Wilkins Whitfield (March 11, 1818 – October 27, 1879) was a territorial delegate to the United States House of Representatives who represented Kansas Territory from 1854 until 1856. He was an officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, being commissioned as a brigadier general on May 9, 1863.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
1998 World Women's Curling Championship
The 1998 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as 1998 Ford World Women's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held at Riverside Coliseum in Kamloops, British Columbia from April 4–12, 1998.

World Curling Championships
The World Curling Championships are the annual world championships for curling, organized by the World Curling Federation and contested by national championship teams. There are men's, women's and mixed doubles championships, as well as men's and women's versions of junior and senior championships. There is also a world championship for wheelchair curling. The men's championship started in 1959, while the women's started in 1979. The mixed doubles championship was started in 2008. Since 2005, the men's and women's championships have been held in different venues, with Canada hosting one of the two championships every year: the men's championship in odd years, and the women's championship in even years. Canada has dominated both the men's and women's championships since their inception, although Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany (West Germany), Scotland, the United States, Norway and China have all won at least one championship.
Beardmore
Beardmore can refer to:

Andrew Beardmore, better known as Andy Moor, English trance DJ, producer and remixer

Bob Beardmore (born 1960), British rugby league footballer

Bud Beardmore (1939–2016), American lacrosse coach

Jim Beardmore, Former All-American lacrosse goalie and current coach

Nathaniel Beardmore (1816-1872), British engineer and hydrologist

William Beardmore, 1st Baron Invernairn, a Scottish industrialist

William Beardmore and Company, the engineering company of the above Beardmore
Beardmore 160 hp, a water-cooled aero engine built for the above company

Beardmore, Ontario, a small community in Northern Ontario

Beardmore Glacier, a glacier in Antarctica

Beardmore Relics, Viking Age artifacts 'found' near Beardmore, Ontario; supposedly evidence of Vikings in Ontario.

Beardmore Glacier
The Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica is one of the largest valley glaciers in the world, being 200 km (125 mi) long and having a width of 40 km (25 mi).
It descends about 2,200 m (7,200 ft) from the Antarctic Plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf and is bordered by the Commonwealth Range of the Queen Maud Mountains on the eastern side and the Queen Alexandra Range of the Central Transantarctic Mountains on the western.
Its mouth is east of the Lennox-King Glacier.
It is northwest of the Ramsey Glacier.
Christoph Eugen
Christoph Eugen (born 28 May 1976) is an Austrian Nordic combined skier who competed from 1993 to 2004. He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Trondheim and had his best individual finish of 11th in the 15 km event at the 2001 championships.

Eugen finished 20th in the 15 km individual at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. His best individual finish was second on three occasions (1993, 1994, 2003).

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
Second presidential transition of Donald Trump
Donald Trump's second presidential transition began when he won the United States presidential election on November 5, 2024, and became the president-elect. Trump was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 17, 2024. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 6, 2025, and the transition concluded when Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2025.

Joint session of the United States Congress
A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the president delivers a State of the Union address, when they gather to count and certify the votes of the Electoral College as the presidential election, or when they convene on the occasion of a presidential inauguration. A joint meeting is usually a ceremonial or formal occasion and does not perform any legislative function, and no resolution is proposed nor vote taken.

Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House. The Constitution requires the vice president (as president of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes by Congress.
Old Byrd Stadium
Old Byrd Stadium, also known as Byrd Stadium or Byrd Field and nicknamed "the Byrd Cage", was the home stadium for the University of Maryland from 1923 until 1947. It was located in College Park, Maryland, east of Baltimore Avenue on the site of the school's present-day fraternity row. The seating capacity for the stadium was 5,000.

U.S. Route 1 in Maryland
U.S. Route 1 (US 1) is the easternmost and longest of the major north–south routes of the older 1920s era United States Numbered Highway System, running from Key West, Florida, to Fort Kent, Maine. In the U.S. state of Maryland, it runs 81 miles (130 km) from the Washington, D.C. line to the Pennsylvania state line near the town of Rising Sun.

US 1 is paralleled by several major highways as it passes through Maryland, including Interstate 95 (I-95), the Baltimore–Washington Parkway (B–W Parkway), US 29, and US 301. Thus, US 1 has lost its significance as a long distance route through the state. It is often congested, however, because it remains a major route in the individual towns it traverses.
Local operational picture
Within military operations, a local operational picture (LOP) is a single identical display of relevant (operational) information of the battlespace (e.g. position of own troops and enemy troops, position and status of important infrastructure such as bridges, roads, etc.) constructed for local use.

A LOP is an emerging military concept.  Although, there are literary examples that suggests that a LOP is for the use of a platoon commander and its coverage range is 250 meter radius.  A LOP assists a platoon commander to achieve situational awareness.

Platoon
A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four squads, sections, or patrols. Platoon organization varies depending on the country and the branch, but a platoon can be composed of 20–50 troops, although specific platoons may range from 10 to 100 people. A platoon is typically the smallest military unit led by a commissioned officer. The platoon leader is usually a junior officer—a second or first lieutenant or an equivalent rank. The officer is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant.

Rifle platoons normally consist of a small platoon headquarters and three or four sections (Commonwealth) or squads (United States). In some armies, platoon is used throughout the branches of the army. In a few armies, such as the French Army, a platoon is specifically a cavalry unit, and the infantry use "section" as the equivalent unit. A unit consisting of several platoons is called a company or a battery.