hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indo-Caribbean Americans
Indo-Caribbean Americans or Indian-Caribbean Americans or Indo-West Indian Americans,  are Americans who trace their ancestry ultimately to India, though whose recent ancestors lived in the West Indies or Caribbean, where they migrated beginning in 1838 as indentured laborers. There are large populations of Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians and Indo-Guyanese along with a smaller population of Indo-Surinamese, Indo-Jamaicans and other Indo-Caribbean people in the United States, especially in the New York metropolitan area and Florida. The Washington metropolitan area, Texas, and Minnesota also have small numbers of Indo-Guyanese and Indo-Trinidadians. Indo-Caribbean Americans are a subgroup of Caribbean Americans as well as Indian Americans, which are a subgroup of South Asian Americans, which itself is a subgroup of Asian Americans.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.
Gauthier Descloux
Gauthier Descloux is a Swiss former professional ice hockey goaltender  who spent most of his career with Genève-Servette HC of the National League (NL). He won the 2023 NL title and the 2024 CHL title with Servette.

Descloux also briefly played with HC Ajoie of the Swiss League (SL) and with HC Ambrì-Piotta of the National League (NL).

Genève-Servette Hockey Club
Genève-Servette Hockey Club, also known as Genève-Servette HC, (also called Servette or GSHC) is a professional ice hockey club based in Geneva, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games at the Patinoire des Vernets, which has a seating capacity of 7,135.

The team is currently the oldest team in the NL, being founded in 1905.
Montenegro at the 2025 World Games
Montenegro competed at the 2025 World Games held in Chengdu, China from 7 to 17 August 2025.

Athletes representing Montenegro won one bronze medal and the country finished in 77th place in the medal table.

2025 World Games
The 2025 World Games (2025年世界运动会), also known as Chengdu 2025, were an international multi-sport event held from 7–17 August in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, with preliminary competition in some events beginning on 6 August. They were the 12th World Games, a multi-sport event featuring disciplines of Olympic sports and other competitions that are not currently contested at the Olympic Games.

It marked the first time that the World Games were hosted in the People's Republic of China, and marked the return to a four-year cycle after the 2021 World Games in Birmingham, Alabama were delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Charles-Aimé Kirkland
Charles-Aimé Kirkland (November 16, 1896 – August 9, 1961) was a Canadian politician serving as the Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the provincial riding of Jacques-Cartier from 1939 to 1961.

Kirkland was the son of Joseph Kirkland, a Canadian Pacific employee, and Rosalie Lanctôt.

Kirkland served during World War I with the Royal Canadian Engineers, then studied medicine at Laval and Harvard.

The Town of Kirkland is named in his honour, as well as the now-closed Charles A. Kirkland Elementary School in Roxboro, Quebec.

He was the father of Marie-Claire Kirkland.

Jacques-Cartier
Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [ʒak kaʁtje]) is an electoral district in the West Island of Montreal, Canada, that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It is one of the few provincial electoral districts in Quebec with an Anglophone majority. It notably includes the city of Pointe-Claire.

Named after Jacques Cartier, the district existed in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, and its present incarnation dates from the 1867 election.

In 2011, district boundaries were redrawn, and part of Kirkland was transferred to Nelligan, in exchange for Senneville.
Tryggve Gran
Jens Tryggve Herman Gran MC (20 January 1888 – 8 January 1980) was a Norwegian aviator, polar explorer and author.

He was the skiing expert on the 1910–13 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea from Scotland to Norway in a heavier-than-air aircraft in August 1914. During WW1 he joined the Royal Flying Corps and flew night bombing raids on the Western Front, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. He co-piloted the first flight from London via Oslo to Stockholm in 1920.

During WWII he aligned himself with Vidkun Quisling's ruling party, and was sentenced to 18 months in prison in 1948.

Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8
The Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 was a British two-seat general-purpose biplane built by Armstrong Whitworth during the First World War. The type served alongside the better known R.E.8 until the end of the war, at which point 694 F.K.8s remained on RAF charge.
Swashplate
A swashplate, also known as slant disk, is a mechanical engineering device used to translate the motion of a rotating shaft into reciprocating motion, or vice versa. The working principle is similar to crankshaft, Scotch yoke, or wobble, nutator, and Z-crank drives in engine designs. It was originally invented to replace a crankshaft, and is one of the most popular concepts used in crankless engines. It was invented by Anthony Michell in 1917.

Shaft (mechanical engineering)
In mechanical engineering, a shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a machine which absorbs power.
Ōtomo no Yakamochi
Ōtomo no Yakamochi (大伴 家持; Japanese pronunciation: [oː.to.mo no (|) ja.kaꜜ.mo.tɕi], 2 April 718 – 1 May 785) was a Japanese statesman and waka poet in the Nara period. He was one of the Man'yō no Go-taika, the five great poets of his time, and was part of Fujiwara no Kintō's Thirty-six Poetry Immortals (三十六歌仙, sanjūrokkasen).

Yakamochi was a member of the prestigious Ōtomo clan. Like his grandfather and father before him, Yakamochi was a well-known politician, and by Enryaku rose to the position of chūnagon (中納言), his highest bureaucratic position.

Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry
The Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry (三十六歌仙, Sanjūrokkasen) are a group of Japanese poets of the Asuka, Nara, and Heian periods selected by Fujiwara no Kintō as exemplars of Japanese poetic ability. The oldest surviving collection of the 36 poets' works is Nishi Honganji Sanju-rokunin Kashu ("Nishi Honganji 36 poets collection") of 1113. Similar groups of Japanese poets include the Kamakura period Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen (女房三十六歌仙), composed by court ladies exclusively, and the Chūko Sanjūrokkasen (中古三十六歌仙), or Thirty-Six Heian-era Immortals of Poetry, selected by Fujiwara no Norikane (1107–1165). This list superseded an older group called the Six Immortals of Poetry.

Sets of portraits (essentially imaginary) of the group were popular in Japanese painting and later woodblock prints, and often hung in temples.
Sagacity (Saga album)
Sagacity is the twenty-first studio album by Canadian rock band Saga. New drummer Mike Thorne made his studio debut on this album, after already playing live with the band following the release of 20/20, as recorded on the live album and video Spin It Again! Live in Munich.

The album title Sagacity is a play on words. Sagacity (the noun) means "The quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom".

Upon release, Sagacity charted #17 in Germany. A "Special Edition" was also released, containing 9 tracks recorded live at SWR1 Rock Arena during their 2013 tour.

SWR Fernsehen
SWR Fernsehen is a German regional television channel targeting the states of Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. It is produced by Südwestrundfunk (SWR) and is one of eight regional "third channels" broadcast by the ARD members.
Wishaw House
Wishaw House was a large mansion located in Wishaw, Scotland. Once the family seat of the Belhavens and Hamilton family, the mansion was abandoned by the 20th century and was demolished, now nothing more than a ruin in the woodland by the South Calder Water.

Hamilton family
The Hamiltons of the United States are a family of Scottish origin, whose most prominent member was Alexander Hamilton (1755/57–1804), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Their ancestors and relations in Scotland included the Lairds of Kerelaw Castle in Stevenston, North Ayrshire, of the Cambuskeith branch of Clan Hamilton.
Jehan Chardavoine
Jehan Chardavoine (baptized on 2 February 1538 at Beaufort-en-Vallée, Anjou – died c. 1580) was a French Renaissance composer mostly active in Paris. He was one of the first known editors of popular chansons, and the author, according to musicologist Julien Tiersot, of "the only volume of monodic songs from the 16th century that has survived to our days."

Beaufort-en-Vallée
Beaufort-en-Vallée (French pronunciation: [bofɔʁ ɑ̃ vale] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Beaufort-en-Anjou.
Wolf-Dietrich Huy
Wolf-Dietrich "Wolfdieter" Huy (2 August 1917 – 13 July 2003) was a former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.

Staffelkapitän
Staffelkapitän is a command appointment, rather than a military rank, in the air force units of German-speaking countries.

The rank normally held by a Staffelkapitän has changed over time. In the present-day German Luftwaffe – part of the Bundeswehr – the position is usually held by an Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) or Major.
Caduceus Cellars
Caduceus Cellars is a winery in  Jerome, Arizona, United States. It is owned by Maynard James Keenan, who is best known as the vocalist for Grammy Award-winning rock band Tool.  While the winery is named after the caduceus, an ancient symbol for commerce and staff of the Greek god Hermes, the vineyard is named Merkin Vineyards, after a pubic wig (merkin).

Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the cultivation and production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of tanks known as tank farms. Wineries may have existed as long as 8,000 years ago.
McPherson County Courthouse (Kansas)
The McPherson County Courthouse in McPherson, Kansas is a historic three-story courthouse that was built in 1893.  It was added to the National Historic Register in 1976.

It was designed by architect John G. Haskell.: 29–30   The building was built in 1893.

It is Richardsonian Romanesque in style and is built of Cottonwood Limestone from quarries near Strong City in Chase County.  It is 104 feet (32 m) by 71 feet (22 m) in plan.  It has a square central bell and clock tower which rises to 105 feet (32 m).  The main entrance of the courthouse is in the base of the tower and features a Syrian arch.

Strong City, Kansas
Strong City is a city in Chase County, Kansas, United States.  Originally known as Cottonwood Station, in 1881 it was renamed Strong City after William Barstow Strong, then vice-president and general manager, and later president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 386.  It is located along U.S. Route 50 highway.
Dehydronorketamine
Dehydronorketamine (DHNK), or 5,6-dehydronorketamine, is a minor metabolite of ketamine which is formed by dehydrogenation of its metabolite norketamine. Though originally considered to be inactive, DHNK has been found to act as a potent and selective negative allosteric modulator of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (IC50 = 55 nM). For this reason, similarly to hydroxynorketamine (HNK), it has been hypothesized that DHNK may have the capacity to produce rapid antidepressant effects. However, unlike ketamine, norketamine, and HNK, DHNK has been found to be inactive in the forced swim test (FST) in mice at doses up to 50 mg/kg. DHNK is inactive at the α3β4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (IC50 > 100 μM) and is only very weakly active at the NMDA receptor (Ki = 38.95 μM for (S)-(+)-DHNK). It can be detected 7–10 days after a modest dose of ketamine, and because of this, is useful in drug detection assays.

Dehydrogenation
In chemistry, dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation.  Dehydrogenation is important, both as a useful reaction and a serious problem.  At its simplest, it is a useful way of converting alkanes, which are relatively inert and thus low-valued, to olefins, which are reactive and thus more valuable. Alkenes are precursors to aldehydes (R−CH=O), alcohols (R−OH), polymers, and aromatics.  As a problematic reaction, the fouling and inactivation of many catalysts arises via coking, which is the dehydrogenative polymerization of organic substrates.

Enzymes that catalyze dehydrogenation are called dehydrogenases.
Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Men's pole vault
The men's pole vault event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held on 20 September in Kuala Lumpur.

New Zealand's Denis Petushinskiy originally won the silver with 5.55 metres, which would have been the new national record, but he tested positive for a banned substance, stanozolol. He was disqualified and his result annulled.

Denis Petushinskiy
Denis Petushinskiy (Russian: Денис Петушинский; born 28 June 1967 in Irkutsk) is a retired pole vaulter who represented New Zealand after switching from Russia in 1998. He improved from 5.70 metres in 1992 to 5.90 metres in 1993 to win the Russian Championships. Later that year he finished sixth at the World Championships.

After becoming a New Zealand citizen, Petushinskiy originally won the silver medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games with 5.55 metres, but was disqualified for testing positive to the banned drug Stanozolol, a type of steroid. His result would be a New Zealand record but was annulled.
Marketing Executives Network Group
The Marketing Executives Networking Group (MENG) is a non-profit professional association established in 1995 for small business, consultant, corporate executive-level marketing managers in leadership roles at companies and non-profit organizations across many diverse industries and areas of marketing expertise.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Guy Godfree
Guy Godfree is a Canadian cinematographer. He is most noted for his work on the films Maudie, for which he won the 2017 Canadian Society of Cinematographers award for feature film cinematography, and At the Place of Ghosts (Sk+te’kmujue’katik), for which he won the Best Atlantic Cinematography award at the 2025 Atlantic International Film Festival.

Originally from Pugwash, Nova Scotia, he is a graduate of the American Film Institute Conservatory.

His other credits have included Wet Bum, Frost, Natasha, Suck It Up, Giant Little Ones, The Parting Glass, Buffaloed, Plus One, Let Him Go, Wildhood and Sharp Corner.

Natasha (2015 film)
Natasha is a Canadian drama film, which premiered in 2015 before being released in Canada in 2016 and in the United States in 2017.  The film was written and directed by David Bezmozgis, based on the title story from his 2004 short story collection Natasha and Other Stories.
Ashot G. Abrahamian
Ashot Garegini Abrahamian (Armenian: Աշոտ Գարեգինի Աբրահամյան; January 31, 1903 – April 30, 1983) was a Soviet Armenian historian.

Abrahamian was born in the village of Kechut. After studying at an Armenian school in Nakhchivan and Gevorgian Seminary in Etchmiadzin, he worked as a priest in Khachik between 1920 and 1926. He studied history at Yerevan State University, graduating in 1933. Since 1938 until his death, he taught at the university in various positions.

His research areas included the works of medieval Armenian scholars such as Anania Shirakatsi, Hovhannes Imastaser. In 1944 he published the first complete collection of Shirakatsi's works after years of research at the Matenadaran.

He died in Yerevan.

Gevorgian Seminary
Gevorkian Theological Seminary (Armenian: Գևորգյան Հոգևոր Ճեմարան Gevorkyan Hogevor Č̣emaran), also known as Gevorkian Seminary (Armenian: Գևրգյան Ճեմարան Gevorkyan Č̣emaran, pronounced [gɛvɔɾkʰˈjɑn t͡ʃɛmɑˈɾɑn]), is a theological university-institute of the Armenian Apostolic Church opened in 1874. It is located in the town of Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin) within the complex of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Armenia.
Jason O'Mara
Jason O'Mara (born 6 August 1972) is an Irish actor. He has starred in American television series Terra Nova (2011), Vegas (2012–13), Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2016–17) and The Man in the High Castle (2018–19). For his performance in The Siege of Jadotville (2016), he won an Irish Film & Television Award for Best Supporting Actor.

O'Mara also provided the voice of Batman in the DC Animated Movie Universe (2013–20) and Zeus on the Netflix series Blood of Zeus (2020–present).

IFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor – Film
The IFTA Award for Supporting Actor – Film is an award presented annually by the Irish Film & Television Academy (IFTA). It has been presented since the 3rd Irish Film & Television Awards ceremony in 2005 to an Irish actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role in a feature film. For the first and second ceremonies, supporting performances for film and television were combined into one category.

Four actors — Liam Cunningham, Domhnall Gleeson, Paul Mescal and David Wilmot — have won the award twice. The record for most nominations is five, held by both Colin Farrell and Ciarán Hinds. Mescal is the award's most recent winner, winning his second award for his performance in Hamnet (2025).
Seyhan Arman
Derya Seyhan Arman (born 26 February 1980) is a Turkish transgender rights activist, actress, and drag queen, based in Istanbul. She has appeared in Turkish media talking about her own experiences as a transgender person living in Turkey. She often appears in plays and media as a drag queen.

She started her acting career in theatre when she joined Adana Kardes Oyuncular theatre in 1994.

She appeared in Akasya Durağı. She won two awards, one for her movie I saw the sun (Güneşi Gördüm), in the best performance category, at the 23rd Singapore International Film Awards in 2010 and jury's choice award for her movie Other Angels (Teslimiyet) at the 22nd Ankara International Film Festival. She was one of the 100 women featured by the BBC in 2016.

Other Angels
Other Angels (Turkish: Teslimiyet) is a 2010 Turkish drama film, directed by Emre Yalgın, which follows the lives of four transgender sex workers living together in the underbelly of Istanbul. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on December 17, 2010 (2010-12-17), was shown at the 22nd Ankara International Film Festival (March 17 to 27, 2011).
Frank Moore (horse racing)
Tiger Moore was a leading jockey for four decades and achieved the rider premiership in Western Australia eight times in his career. He won the W S Cox Plate in 1962 on Aquanita.

His career commenced in the early 1940s and ended abruptly in 1975. Having over 2000 wins to his credit, he had to end his career in 1975 due to problems maintaining a low riding weight. He won seven WA Derbies and eight WA Oaks during his career.

WATC Derby
The WATC Derby, also known as the Western Australia Derby is a Perth Racing Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds, at set weights, over a distance of 2400 metres at Ascot Racecourse in Perth, Western Australia in April. Total prizemoney is $400,000.
Marinobacter santoriniensis
Marinobacter santoriniensis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from hydrothermal sediments in Santorini in Greece. Marinobacter santoriniensis can metabolize arsenate and arsenite.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Nikolay Anichkov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Anichkov (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Ани́чков, often spelled Anitschkow in German literature) (1885, Saint Petersburg – 1964) was a prominent pathologist of Russian heritage. Anichkov first described the specialized myocardial cells (Anitschkow cell, cardiac histiocyte) and discovered the significance and role of cholesterol in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In 1958, in an editorial in Annals of Internal Medicine, William Dock compared the significance of the classic work of Anichkov to that of the discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch. American biochemist D. Steinberg wrote: "If the full significance of his findings had been appreciated at the time, we might have saved more than 30 years in the long struggle to settle the cholesterol controversy and Anitschkow might have won a Nobel Prize". Anichkov elaborated on the doctrines of reticuloendothelial system and autogenic infections.

Histiocyte
A histiocyte is a vertebrate   cell that is part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (also known as the reticuloendothelial system or lymphoreticular system). The mononuclear phagocytic system is part of the organism's immune system. The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage or a dendritic cell (histio, diminutive of histo, meaning tissue, and cyte, meaning cell). Part of their job is to clear out neutrophils once they've reached the end of their lifespan.