hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1901 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1901 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University as an independent during the 1901 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach John B. Eckstorm, the team compiled a 5–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 94 to 56. J. M. Kittle was the team captain.

During the 1901 season, support for the Ohio State football team grew, and for the first time, the program generated a profit for the university athletic association.

On October 26, 1901, John Sigrist, who played center-rush, sustained a broken vertebrae in a game against Western Reserve. He died from his injuries two days later. He remains the only Ohio State player to have died from injuries sustained in a game.

1901 college football season
The 1901 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with NCAA-designated "major selectors" retroactively selecting Michigan and Harvard as national champions. The NCAA records book erroneously lists Yale as Parke H. Davis's selection. Harvard beat Yale 22–0 the last game of the year.
Artha Group
Artha Group, a subsidiary of Bennett Property Holdings Company Limited (The Times Group) is a property developer in South India. The company executes its development activities in approximately 250 acres of land & 3,500 crores of projects in  South India. The geographical presence of Artha Group spans across cities like Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Dubai, Abu Dhabi & Bahrain.

The Times Group
Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. (BCCL), d/b/a The Times Group, is an Indian media conglomerate based in Mumbai. Notable media properties owned and operated by the group include India's largest selling daily English-language newspaper The Times of India, television channels such as Times Now, the radio station network Radio Mirchi, and magazines Filmfare and Femina.

The Sahu Jain family owns a majority of the stake in the group. In May 2023, the Times Group was split into two separate business entities between brothers Vineet Jain and Samir Jain, such that its radio and broadcast properties would remain with Vineet Jain and its print properties would be under the ownership of Samir Jain.
Constitution (Roman law)
In Roman law, a constitutio ("constitution") is any legislative enactment by a Roman emperor. It includes edicts, decrees (judicial decisions), and rescripta (written answers to officials or petitioners). Mandata (instructions) given by the Emperor to officials were not constitutions but created legal rules that could be relied upon by individuals.

One of the most important constitutions issued by a Roman emperor was Caracalla's Constitutio Antoniniana of 212, also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, which declared that all free men of the Roman Empire were to be given Roman citizenship and all free women the same rights as Roman women.

Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (Latin: civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance. Citizenship in ancient Rome was complex and based upon many different laws, traditions, and cultural practices. There existed several different types of citizenship, determined by one's gender, class, and political affiliations, and the exact duties or expectations of a citizen varied throughout the history of the Roman Empire.
Eliot family (United States)
The Eliot family is a formerly prominent American family hailing from Massachusetts. Long associated with Boston and Harvard University, the family are members of the Boston Brahmin class that historically formed the economic and political elite of New England until the mid-20th century.

The family's membership has included several influential college presidents, writers, professors, bankers, and leaders of American professional associations. The writer T. S. Eliot, considered one of the 20th century's greatest poets, was a member of the family, as was Charles W. Eliot, the Harvard president credited with transforming the institution from a provincial college to a renowned research university.

Reed College
Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus in the Eastmoreland neighborhood, Tudor-Gothic style architecture, and a forested canyon nature preserve at its center. Reed alumni include 123 Fulbright Scholars, 73 Watson Fellows, and three Churchill Scholars.
Minimed Paradigm
MiniMed Paradigm is a series of insulin pumps manufactured by Medtronic for patients with diabetes mellitus.  The pump operates with a single AAA battery and uses a piston-plunger pump to infuse a programmed amount of insulin into the patient through a length of tubing.  The Paradigm uses a one-way wireless radio frequency link to receive blood sugar measurements from select glucose meters.  The Paradigm RT (Real Time) series adds the ability to receive data from a mated continuous blood-glucose monitor.  Although the pump can use these measurements to assist in calculating a dose of insulin, no actual change in insulin delivery occurs without manual user-intervention.

In the United States, the device is regulated by a branch of the Food and Drug Administration.

Medtronic's successor to the Paradigm, the 670G, was released in 2015. On the same platform, Medtronic released the 780G in 2020 and in the United States in 2023.

Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

Routes of administration are generally classified by the  location at which the substance is applied.  Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is.  Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.
Kundasale Electoral District
Kundasale electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Kundasale in Kandy District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Kundasale electoral district was replaced by the Kandy multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Kundasale
Kundasale (Sinhala: කුණ්ඩසාලේ, romanized: Kuṇḍasālē; Tamil: குண்டசாலை, romanized: Kuṇṭacālai) is a former town, now a suburb of Kandy in Kandy District, Central Province of Sri Lanka. The town is situated 7 km (4.3 mi) to the southeast of the centre of Kandy. The population is about 150,000.
Battle of Laing's Nek (1900)
The Battle of Laing's Nek from 2–10 June 1900 was a series of actions in the Second Boer War between forces under Redvers Buller and the Boers of the Transvaal. At the time, Redvers Buller was advancing from Ladysmith to the Buffalo River, in an effort to cross into Volskrust, where he could then aid Lord Roberts in the Advance on Pretoria. The Boers had fortified themselves at Laing's Nek, as they had done previously 18 years prior. Over the course of eight days, Buller was able to repulse the Boers, and cross the Buffalo River into Transvaal on 12 June.

Volksrust
Volksrust is a town in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa near the KwaZulu-Natal provincial border, some 240 km southeast of Johannesburg, 53 km north of Newcastle and 80 km southeast of Standerton.
Doris de Agostini
Doris de Agostini-Rossetti (28 April 1958 – 22 November 2020) was a Swiss alpine skier, bronze-medalist in the Alpine World Ski Championships 1978 and winner of the 1982/1983 Downhill World Cup. She also competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics and the 1980 Winter Olympics.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1978
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1978 were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, West Germany, between 29 January and 5 February. It held competitions in alpine skiing like downhill, special slalom, giant slalom and combined. The combined was only a "paper race".

The event is the last time the championships were held here until 2011. Garmisch hosted the first Olympic alpine skiing competition (Combined event), at the 1936 games.
Western footballer
The western footballer (Neatypus obliquus), also known as the footballer sweep, is a species of ray-finned fish endemic to southern reefs of Australia, where it can be found down to 30 m (100 ft).  It can also be found in the aquarium trade.  This species is currently the only known member of its genus.

The compressed body is silvery-blue, with orange to yellow diagonal striping bordered by a brownish black; fins match the shade of yellowy-orange. They reach a maximum length of 22 cm (8.7 in).

It occurs near inshore and offshore reefs of the southern Australia coast in active and large schools. The range is from Shark Bay, to Flinders Island, South Australia. They feed on benthic zone invertebrates and zooplankton.

Other species of its family are known as footballers, for the similarity to footballer's striped jumpers.

Shark Bay
Shark Bay (Malgana: Gathaagudu, lit. 'two waters') is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The 23,000-square-kilometre (8,900 sq mi) area is located approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) north of Perth, on the westernmost point of the Australian continent.

UNESCO's listing of Shark Bay as a World Heritage Site reads:

Shark Bay's waters, islands and peninsulas....have a number of exceptional natural features, including one of the largest and most diverse seagrass beds in the world. However, it is for its stromatolites (colonies of microbial mats that form hard, dome-shaped deposits which are said to be the oldest life forms on earth), that the property is most renowned. The property is also famous for its rich marine life including a large population of dugongs, and provides a refuge for a number of other globally threatened species.

The bay features Australia's most abundant marine ecosystems. It is a popular fishing spot.
Richard Pochinko
Richard Pochinko (1946–1989) was a notable Canadian clown trainer who developed a new style of mask/clown performance training, known as the "Pochinko technique". Originally from Selkirk, Manitoba, he was based primarily in Toronto, Ontario and founded the city's Theater Resource Centre.

The "Pochinko technique" for which he is known combined both European and First Nations traditions of masked and clown performance. Notable figures who studied under Pochinko included Karen Hines, Cheryl Cashman, Nion, Tantoo Cardinal, Sue Morrison, Sara Tilley and the duo Mump and Smoot.

Pochinko was gay, and was the partner of Gabriel Manseau. He died in 1989 of AIDS-related causes.

Nion in the Kabaret de La Vita
Nion in the Kabaret de La Vita is a Canadian experimental short film, directed by Jeremy Podeswa and released in 1986.

Based on Commedia Bizarro, a stage show by performance artist Ian Wallace in his Nion character, the film depicts Nion as an alien who lands on Earth and undergoes a series of magical journeys which teach him about the human condition. Writing for The Globe and Mail, Salem Alaton opined that "you can only wonder what Laurie Anderson's static, stagy Home of the Brave might have looked like had Jeremy Podeswa been hired to direct it."

The film was a shortlisted Genie Award finalist for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 8th Genie Awards.
Molecularity
In chemistry, molecularity is the number of molecules that come together to react in an elementary (single-step) reaction and is equal to the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants in the elementary reaction with effective collision (sufficient energy) and correct orientation.
Depending on how many molecules come together, a reaction can be unimolecular, bimolecular or even trimolecular.

The kinetic order of any elementary reaction or reaction step is equal to its molecularity, and the rate equation of an elementary reaction can therefore be determined by inspection, from the molecularity.

The kinetic order of a complex (multistep) reaction, however, is not necessarily equal to the number of molecules involved. The concept of molecularity is only useful to describe elementary reactions or steps.

Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion   or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization.

When the activation energy for the isomerization reaction is sufficiently small, both isomers can often be observed and the equilibrium ratio will shift in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with each other. Many values of the standard free energy difference, , have been calculated, with good agreement between observed and calculated data.
Gaofeng Tujia Ethnic Township
Gaofeng Tujia Ethnic Township (simplified Chinese: 高峰土家族乡; traditional Chinese: 高峰土家族鄉; pinyin: Gāofēng Tǔjiāzú Xiāng) is a rural Tujia ethnic township in Cili County, Hunan Province, China. The ethnic township spans an area of 144.52 square kilometres (55.80 sq mi), and has a population of 16,784 as of 2018.

Tujia people
The Tujia (Northern Tujia: Bifjixkhar / Bifzixkar, IPA: /bi˧˥ dʑi˥ kʰa˨˩/ /pi˧˥ tsi˥ kʰa˨˩/, Southern Tujia: Mongrzzir, /mõ˨˩ dzi˨˩/; Chinese: 土家族; pinyin: Tǔjiāzú) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 9 million, the seventh-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's Republic of China. They live in the Wuling Mountains, straddling the common borders of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing Municipality.

The endonym Bizika means "native dwellers". In Chinese, Tujia literally means "local families", in contrast to the Hakka (客家; Kèjiā), whose name literally means "guest families" and implies migration.
Minami Ando
Minami Ando (安藤 みなみ, Andō Minami; born 12 February 1997) is a Japanese table tennis player.

She was the winner of the 2016 Finlandia Open. She has also won several medals from both the 2017 Summer Universiade and the 2019 Summer Universiade.

2017 Summer Universiade
The 2017 Summer Universiade (Chinese: 2017年夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Èr líng yī qī Nián Xiàjì Shìjiè Dàxué Yùndònghuì), officially known as the XXIX Summer Universiade (Chinese: 第二十九屆夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Dì èrshíjiǔ jiè xiàjì shìjiè dàxué yùndònghuì) and commonly called Taipei 2017 (Chinese: 台北2017; pinyin: Táiběi Èr líng yī qī), was a multi-sport event, sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Taipei, Taiwan. It took place from August 19 to August 30, 2017.
Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017
The Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017 (OTC Hearing Aid Act) was a law passed by the 115th United States Congress as a rider on the FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017. It created a class of hearing aids regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) available directly to consumers without involvement from a licensed professional (like an audiologist, otolaryngologist, or audiometrist). Regulations for this new class of hearing aid are expected to be released by the end of 2020.

Audiometrist
An Audiometrist (from Latin audīre, "to hear"; and from Italian -metria, “to measure” ) or Audiometric Officer, is a health-care professional technician who has received special training in the use of Pure tone audiometry equipment. An audiometrist conducts hearing tests, or "audiometric screening", with an Audiometer to establish hearing levels. The results are represented by an audiogram, and are usually interpreted by an audiologist, or a registered Medical Officer, unless the audiometrist is also an audiologist, with the aim of diagnosing hearing loss.

There are currently some misconceptions regarding the definition of Audiometrist and Audiologist, which vary from country to country. These misconceptions continue to grow, in Australia in particular, which leads to the need for greater communication, less segregation of each other's role within the community and a broader understanding of each other's qualifications.
P. N. Paramasiva Gounder
P. N. Paramasiva Gounder is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Palladam constituency in 1980, and 1984 elections.

Palladam Assembly constituency
Palladam is a legislative assembly in Tiruppur district in India, which includes the town of Palladam. Palladam Assembly constituency is a part of Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency. The constituency has been in existence since the 1957 election. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University
Komsomolsk-on-Amur State University (Russian: «Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования „Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный университет“» is a university located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, a city in the Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Russian: Комсомольск-на-Амуре, romanized: Komsomolsk-na-Amure, IPA: [kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐ‿ɐˈmurʲə]) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the west bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, 356 kilometers (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk. Population: 238,505 (2021 census); 263,906 (2010 census); 281,035 (2002 census); 315,325 (1989 Soviet census).
Igor Kopystiansky
Igor Kopystiansky (born (1954-12-16)16 December 1954 in Lviv) is an American artist, active in New York City since 1988. He has a multimedia practice, including painting, photography, film, and video, with an investigation of painting as his primary paradigm. On works in media of film and video, he collaborates with his wife Svetlana Kopystiansky. His  independent works and their joint works are shown internationally and held in American, European and Australian museum collections. Archives of works by Igor and Svetlana Kopystiansky are located at the Centre Pompidou, Kandinsky Library.

Berlinische Galerie
The Berlinische Galerie is a museum of modern art, photography and architecture in Berlin.  It is located in Kreuzberg, on Alte Jakobstraße, not far from the Jewish Museum. The Berlinische Galerie collects art created in Berlin since 1870 with a regional and international focus. Since September 2010, the museum's director has been the art historian Thomas Köhler, until then deputy director, succeeding Jörn Merkert.
Sarah Ann Dickey
Sarah Ann Dickey (April 25, 1838 – January 23, 1904) was an American educator from Ohio who in 1875 founded Mount Hermon Female Seminary, a historically black institution of higher education for women in Clinton, Mississippi. She returned to the north to get a degree at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts. Afterward, she went back to Mississippi to work on education for African Americans. She became an ordained minister in 1896 in the United Brethren Church.

The women's college closed in the 1920s. Sumner Hill Junior High School developed at this site.

Women's colleges in the United States
Women's colleges in the United States are private single-sex U.S. institutions of higher education that only admit female students. They are often liberal arts colleges. There are approximately 29 active women's colleges in the United States in 2024, down from a peak of 281 such colleges in the 1960s.
Kyle Mullica
Kyle Alan John Mullica (born July 31, 1986) is an American politician who is a Democratic member of the Colorado Senate. He represents District 24, which includes the Adams County communities of Thornton, Federal Heights, Todd Creek and Northglenn. Previously, Mullica served in the Colorado House of Representatives and represented the 34th district in Adams County.

Federal Heights, Colorado
The City of Federal Heights is a home rule city located in western Adams County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 14,382 at the 2020 United States census, a +25.42% increase since the 2010 United States census. Federal Heights is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. The current mayor is Linda S. Montoya, who was elected to a four-year term in 2019.
Arthur Getz
Arthur Kimmig Getz (May 17, 1913 – January 19, 1996) was an American illustrator best known for his fifty-year career as a cover artist for The New Yorker magazine. Between 1938 and 1988, two hundred and thirteen Getz covers appeared on The New Yorker, making Getz the most prolific New Yorker cover artist of the twentieth century. Getz was also a fine artist, painted murals for the Works Progress Administration Program, wrote and illustrated children's books, and taught at the School of Visual Arts in New York City, the University of Connecticut, and the Washington Art Association in Washington, Connecticut. In addition to his New Yorker covers and spot drawings, Getz's illustrations were published in American Childhood, Audubon, Collier's, Consumer Reports, Cue, Esquire, Fortune, The Nation, The National Guardian, The New Masses, The New Republic, PM, Reader's Digest, Saturday Review, Stage, and The Reporter.

Audubon (magazine)
Audubon is the flagship journal of the National Audubon Society. It is profusely illustrated and focuses on subjects related to nature, with a special emphasis on birds. New issues are published bi-monthly for society members.  An active blog called The Perch produces daily updates on issues also. In 2011, Audubon received an Utne Reader Independent Press Award for Best Environment Coverage.
Hartlebury railway station
Hartlebury railway station serves the village of Hartlebury in Worcestershire, England. All trains serving the station are operated by West Midlands Trains. The station is unstaffed and is about half a mile to the east of the village.

West Midlands Trains
WM Trains Limited, doing business as West Midlands Trains, is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter and local services in the West Midlands region and on the West Coast Main Line between London and the Northwest under two trading names: within the West Midlands region as West Midlands Railway (WMR) and outside the region as London Northwestern Railway (LNR). It assumed responsibility  for these services on 1 February 2026 at the conclusion of the outsourcing contract previously placed with Transport UK Group and Mitsui & Co.
2009 structural changes to local government in England
On 1 April 2009 structural changes to local government in England took place which reformed the local government of seven non-metropolitan counties: Bedfordshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, County Durham, Shropshire, Northumberland, and Wiltshire. In each case the government of the county was changed from a two-tier to a unitary system, with Bedfordshire and Cheshire being divided into two new unitary authorities.

Elections to the new authorities took place on 1 May 2008 for some of the new authorities, which took up their powers on 1 April 2009. In the remaining authorities elections took place two months later on 4 June 2009.

Borough of Pendle
Pendle is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. The council is based in Nelson, the borough's largest town. The borough also includes the towns of Barnoldswick, Brierfield, Colne and Earby along with the surrounding villages and rural areas. Part of the borough lies within the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Burnley, Ribble Valley, North Yorkshire, Bradford and Calderdale.