hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Intellectual property protection of video games
The protection of intellectual property (IP) of video games through copyright, patents, and trademarks, shares similar issues with the copyrightability of software as a relatively new area of IP law. The video game industry itself is built on the nature of reusing game concepts from prior games to create new gameplay styles but bounded by illegally direct cloning of existing games, and has made defining intellectual property protections difficult since it is not a fixed medium.

Scènes à faire
A scène à faire (French for "scene to be made" or "scene that must be done"; plural:  scènes à faire; both pronounced [sɛn a fɛʁ]) is a scene in a work of fiction which is almost obligatory for a work in that genre.

In the United States, it also refers to a principle in copyright law in which certain elements of a creative work are held to be not protected when they are mandated by or customary to the genre, a principle which has been expanded to cover other fields such as software development.
Ptolemais (bishopric)
Ptolemais was a titular bishopric established following the Roman conquest of the then Hellenized city of Ptolemais in Canaan or Ake-Ptolemais (or Akko, Ake, or Akre in the location of the present-day city of Acre, Israel. It was maintained as a titular see across multiple Christian denominations.

Archdiocese of Olomouc
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Olomouc (Czech: Metropolitní Arcidiecéze olomoucká, Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Olomucensis) is a metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic. It has its seat in Olomouc.
Serkan Günes
Serkan Günes (Serkan Güneş, born 16 March 1980, in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Swedish–Turkish photographer best known for his landscape photographs of nature.

Günes was born in Istanbul, Turkey and later emigrated to Sweden at the age of 20. He now lives in Swedish Lapland.

According to Maria Ågren, Director General at Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Günes "possesses a masters ability to capture the beauty in everyday landscapes, as well as the obvious beauty in the exotic landscapes". 
Günes works mainly in Scandinavia but also in many different parts of the world including the Arctic, Europe, Africa and Asia. His photographs are published in photo magazines in Europe and Asia.

Serkan Günes is a member of The Association of Swedish Professional Photographers.

Environmental Protection Agency (Sweden)
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Swedish: Naturvårdsverket), formerly the National Swedish Environment Protection Board (Swedish: Statens naturvårdsverk) is a government agency in Sweden responsible for proposing and implementing environmental policies. It was founded in 1967 and reports to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment.
Albert Béchard
Albert Béchard (November 18, 1922, in Saint-Alexis-de-Matapédia, Quebec, Canada – April 28, 2002) was a Canadian politician and notary. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Liberal Party in the 1962 election to represent the riding of Bonaventure. He was re-elected in the elections of 1963, 1965, 1968, 1972 and 1974, the latter two for the renamed riding of Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine. During his federal political career, he served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Secretary of State (1966–1968), then Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Justice and Attorney General (1970–1972). He also served as Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole (1968–1970). He also chaired the House of Commons Standing Committee on Fisheries and Forestry (1973–1977) and sat on numerous other committees including the joint committee Standing Committee on Regulations and other Statutory Instruments.

1965 Canadian federal election
The 1965 Canadian federal election was held on November 8, 1965, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected to government, winning more seats than any other party. It won more seats in the House even though it received a smaller share of the popular vote. It fell short of a majority government. It formed a minority government that due to support from other MPs, lasted three years.
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Purulia
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Purulia is a residential school for boys in Purulia, West Bengal, India. It runs under the Gurukula system and is a branch of the Ramakrishna Mission. It was founded by Swami Hiranmayananda in 1957. The chief minister of West Bengal requested Ramakrishna Mission to establish an educational institution in Purulia. It won the state's "Best School Award 2018" in 2018 and was given an award by CM (Chief minister) Mamata Banerjee and Professor Partha Chatterjee.

Partha Chatterjee (scholar)
Partha Chatterjee (born 5 November 1947) is an Indian political scientist and anthropologist. He was the director of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta from 1997 to 2007 and continues as an honorary professor of political science. He is also a professor of anthropology and South Asian studies at Columbia University and a member of the Subaltern Studies Collective.

Chatterjee received the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2009.
Martha Myers
Martha Myers (May 23, 1925 – May 24, 2022) was an American dance educator. She was the founder of the dance department at Connecticut College and a former dean of the school of the American Dance Festival.

American Dance Festival
The American Dance Festival (ADF) under the direction of Executive Director Jodee Nimerichter hosts its main summer dance courses including Summer Dance Intensive, Pre-Professional Dance Intensive, and the Dance Professional Workshops. It also hosts a six-week summer festival of modern dance performances, currently held at Duke University and the Durham Performing Arts Center in Durham, North Carolina. Several site-specific performances have also taken place outdoors at Duke Gardens and the NC Art Museum in Raleigh, NC.
Nayeri
Nayeri (Persian: نیری) is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Nayeri, Iranian-American writer

Dina Nayeri (born 1979), Iranian-American novelist, essayist, memoirist, and short story writer

Farah Nayeri, Iranian-born British author and journalist

Farah Nayeri
Farah Nayeri is an Iranian-born author and journalist based in London. She writes on culture for the New York Times and is the author of the 2022 book, Takedown: Art and Power in the Digital Age, which focuses on art and activism and the changing cultural landscape amid #MeToo and Black Lives Matter. The book originated from past writings, such as her article on Paul Gauguin as seen through the lens of today.  She is the host of the CultureBlast podcast and is also a public speaker and moderator. Nayeri began her journalism career in Paris as a reporter for Time Magazine and a contributor to the Wall Street Journal. She later became a correspondent of Bloomberg in Paris, Rome and London, covering politics and economics, then culture.
AC Crusaders
AC Crusaders is a professional American soccer team based in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 2010, the team made its debut in the Northeast Keystone Division of the National Premier Soccer League, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid in 2011. The Crusaders return to compete in the American Soccer League (ASL) in August 2014.

The team plays its home games in the stadium at Egg Harbor Township High School.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Ballston Spa High School
Ballston Spa High School is a public high school located in Ballston Spa, New York, United States. It is part of the Ballston Spa Central School District, which covers the towns of Ballston, Milton, and Malta in Saratoga County.  The mascot is the Scottie dog, dedicated to long-time athletic director/coach Coach William R. Scott. The school colors are Purple and Gold but the complementary (alternative) color of black is often used.

The high school was shifted to a new building in 1998; it remains on the same campus as the previous high school, which now functions as a middle school. Prior to moving to current complex in the 1950s, Ballston Spa High School was located in what is now Malta Avenue Elementary School.  Graduating class sizes range from 300 to 400, resulting in a total student population of around 1,400.

Malta, New York
Malta is a town in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The town is in the central part of the county and is south of Saratoga Springs. The population was 17,130 as of the 2020 census.

Malta, along with Stillwater, is home to the Luther Forest Technology Campus, a 1,414-acre (572 ha) site designed for semiconductor and nanotechnology manufacturing and other innovative technologies. This campus includes GlobalFoundries, a company specializing in the semiconductor industry, which in April 2021 moved its headquarters from Silicon Valley, California to its semiconductor-chip manufacturing facility in Saratoga County near a section of the Adirondack Northway, in Malta.
Sinmang-ri station
Sinmang-ri station is a railway station on the Gyeongwon Line located in Sang-ri, Yeoncheon-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

Sinmang-ri is a settlement established by the US military in 1954 for war refugees, and its name means New Hope Town.

From July 28, 2011, the operation was temporarily suspended due to track damage caused by heavy rains in central Korea in July 2011. On March 21, 2012, with the resumption of Gyeongwon Line commuter train service, number of commuter train service increased to 11 a day each way, and then increased to 17 after a timetable revision in July 2012.

Yeoncheon County
Yeoncheon County (Yeoncheon-gun) is a county in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The county seat is Yeoncheon-eup (연천읍) and sits on Gyeongwon Line, the Korail railroad line connecting Seoul, South Korea (ROK), with North Korea (DPRK).
First Maryland Bancorp
First Maryland Bancorp was a bank holding company that operated the First National Bank of Maryland. The company changed its name to Allfirst Financial in 1999 and was acquired by M&T Bank in 2003.

The company operated 250 branches and more than 575 automated teller machines in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Washington D.C., Northern Virginia, and Delaware.

Branch (banking)
A branch, banking center or financial center is a retail location where a bank, credit union, or other financial institution (including a brokerage firm) offers a wide array of face-to-face and automated services to its customers.
Taormina (surname)
Taormina is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Taormina, Belgian mathematical physicist

Giovanni Taormina (born 1988), Italian footballer

Matt Taormina (born 1986), American ice hockey player

Sheila Taormina (born 1969), American athlete

Carlo Taormina (born 1940), Italian lawyer, politician, jurist and academic

Giovanni Taormina
Giovanni Taormina (born 8 May 1988 in Agrigento) is an Italian professional football player currently playing for F.C. Esperia Viareggio.

In 2009, he was transferred to Viareggio in co-ownership deal. In January 2010 he was loaned to Carrarese as part of Roberto Falivena's deal. In June 2010, Sampdoria gave up the remain 50% registration rights to Viareggio. He made a breakthrough in 2010–11 season, played 31 league matches plus twice in relegation playoffs. He also played 2 out of 6 games in 2010–11 Coppa Italia Lega Pro.
Tullamore GAA
Tullamore GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the town of Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland.  The club is concerned with both hurling and Gaelic football and competes in Offaly GAA competitions.

County Offaly
County Offaly (/ˈɒfəli/; Irish: Contae Uíbh Fhailí) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the province of Leinster. It is named after the ancient Kingdom of Uí Failghe. It was formerly known as King's County, in honour of Philip II of Spain. Offaly County Council is the local authority for the county. The county population was 82,668 at the 2022 census.
Retract (group theory)
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is termed a retract if there is an endomorphism of the group that maps surjectively to the subgroup and is the identity on the subgroup. In symbols,  is a retract of  if and only if there is an endomorphism  such that  for all  and  for all .

The endomorphism  is an idempotent element in the transformation monoid of endomorphisms, so it is called an idempotent endomorphism or a retraction.

The following is known about retracts:

A subgroup is a retract if and only if it has a normal complement. The normal complement, specifically, is the kernel of the retraction.

Every direct factor is a retract. Conversely, any retract which is a normal subgroup is a direct factor.

Every retract has the congruence extension property.

Every regular factor, and in particular, every free factor, is a retract.

Transformation semigroup
In algebra, a transformation semigroup (or composition semigroup) is a collection of transformations (functions from a set to itself) that is closed under function composition. If it includes the identity function, it is a monoid, called a transformation (or composition) monoid. This is the semigroup analogue of a permutation group.

A transformation semigroup of a set has a tautological semigroup action on that set. Such actions are characterized by being faithful, i.e., if two elements of the semigroup have the same action, then they are equal.

An analogue of Cayley's theorem shows that any semigroup can be realized as a transformation semigroup of some set.

In automata theory, some authors use the term transformation semigroup to refer to a semigroup acting faithfully on a set of "states" different from the semigroup's base set. There is a correspondence between the two notions.
Rishabh Sawhney
Rishabh Sawhney is an Indian actor and former model who appears in Hindi-language films and web series. He portrayed Azhar Akhtar, an antagonist in the 2024 action film Fighter, directed by Siddharth Anand. He previously appeared as Mehmood in the 2021 web series The Empire.

Siddharth Anand
Siddharth Anand is an Indian filmmaker who primarily works in Hindi cinema. He is the grandson of screenwriter Inder Raj Anand.

Anand gained recognition for directing successful romantic comedies such as Salaam Namaste (2005), Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007), Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008), and Anjaana Anjaani (2010). He later established himself as a leading action filmmaker with Bang Bang! (2014) and films from the YRF Spy Universe, including War (2019) and Pathaan (2023). These films rank among the highest-grossing Hindi films.

In 2021, Anand launched his production company, Marflix Pictures. Its first release was the aerial action film Fighter (2024).
Gulnar Mammadova
Gulnar Marfat qizi Mammadova (Azerbaijani: Gülnar Mərfət qızı Məmmədova; born May 11, 1991, in Ali-Bayramly) is an Azerbaijani chess player who holds the titles of International master and Woman Grandmaster.

She won the women's section of the Azerbaijani Chess Championship in 2021.

In the 2016 Women's Chess Olympiad, Mammadova won the individual gold medal for the best performance on board 3.

Azerbaijani Chess Championship
The Azerbaijani Chess Championship is usually held in Baku, Azerbaijan. It is organised by the Azerbaijan Chess Federation (ACF). The first championship was played in 1934, when Azerbaijan was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. Championships were held sporadically in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic until 1945, when they became contested every year; this has continued today in independent Azerbaijan.
Mimoblennius atrocinctus
Mimoblennius atrocinctus, the banded blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Pacific and eastern Indian oceans.  This species grows to a length of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) TL.

This is a rare species in which the adults live along rocky coastline to a depth of 10 metres (33 ft) where they inhabit the abandoned tubes created by worms either alone or in loose aggregations. Their eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate by an adhesive pad or pedestal which is filamentous. The larvae are planktonic and are frequently recorded from shallow waters near the coast.

It has been recorded from the Indian Ocean off Sri Lanka and Christmas Island while in the western Pacific it has been recorded and from southern Japan to Hong Kong. It has also been recorded from northern Sulawesi and northern Australia.

Combtooth blenny
Combtooth blennies are blenniiformids; percomorph marine fish of the family Blenniidae, part of the order Blenniiformes. They are the largest family of blennies with around 401 known species in 58 genera. Combtooth blennies are found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; some species are also found in brackish and even freshwater environments.
Dmitri Dashinski
Dmitri Vladimirovich Daschinski (also Dzmitry Uladzimiravich Dashchynski, Belarusian: Дзмітрый Уладзіміравіч Дашчынскі) born November 9, 1977, in Minsk), is a Belarusian freestyle skier. He is a four-time Olympian and two-time Olympic medalist in freestyle aerials, winning bronze at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, and silver in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. He also placed 7th in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, USA and 11th in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. Daschinski was the first man to win two Olympic medals in freestyle aerials. In addition to his Olympic accomplishments, Daschinski finished 1st in the 2006 Men's Overall World Cup Standings. He also competed in 7 consecutive World Championships, winning silver at both the 2001 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships in Whistler, Canada and 2007 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships in Madonna di Campiglio.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2001
The 2001 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships were held between January 17 to January 21 at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort in British Columbia near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.  The World Championships featured both men's and women's events in the Moguls, Aerials and Dual Moguls.
Alex A. Torrance
Alex A. "Big Alex" Torrance (born c. 1936) is a Scottish curler. He is a 1964 World men's championship silver medallist and four-time Scottish men's champion.

Torrance and the entirety of his 1964 Scottish champion rink were farmers from Hamilton. Torrance is the cousin of his skip on that team, also named Alex.

Scottish Men's Curling Championship
The Scottish Men's Curling Championship is the national men's curling championship for Scotland. The championship usually decides which team of curlers is sent to the World Women's Curling Championship, but in Olympic years, the winner must play the British Olympic representative to play to determine the Scottish team at the Worlds. Beginning in 2021, Scotland's World Championship teams will be selected by Scottish Curling instead. In 2026, the championship will determine which team is sent to the European Curling Championships, with the exceptions of in the Olympic year, where the current Olympic representatives will have a playoff against the Scottish Champions, and in the year preceding the Olympics, where the Olympic representative will be selected for the Europeans as preparation for the Olympics.
Philip Densham
Philip John Densham (born 7 April 1957) is a former English cricketer.  Densham was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium.  He was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire.

Densham made his debut for Oxfordshire in the 1978 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire.  Densham played Minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire from 1978 to 1988, which included 37 Minor Counties Championship matches and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made his List A debut against Warwickshire in the 1980 Gillette Cup.  He played 2 further List A matches, against Glamorgan in 1981 and Warwickshire in 1983. In his 3 List A matches, he scored 17 runs at a batting average of 8.50, with a high score of 10.

1980 Gillette Cup
The 1980 Gillette Cup was an English limited overs county cricket tournament held between 2 July and 6 September 1980. It was the eighteenth and final Gillette Cup before it was renamed as the NatWest Trophy in 1981. Middlesex won the tournament, defeating Surrey by 7 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Wakasa Mikata Jomon Museum
Wakasa Mikata Jomon Museum (若狭三方縄文博物館) is an archeological museum located in the town of Wakasa, Fukui Prefecture, Japan.  It is dedicated to the exhibition of Torihama shell mound as well as varve (annual layer pattern), oldest of which dating back to 70,000 years ago, discovered in the bottom of Lake Suigetsu, one of the Five Lakes of Mikata.  The founding chairman is Takeshi Umehara.

Dugout canoe
A dugout canoe or simply dugout is a boat made from a hollowed-out tree. Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Monoxylon (μονόξυλον) (pl: monoxyla) is Greek – mono- (single) + ξύλον xylon (tree) – and is mostly used in classic Greek texts. In German, they are called Einbaum ("one tree" in English). Some pirogues are also constructed in this manner.

Dugouts are the oldest boat type archaeologists have found, dating back about 8,000 years to the Neolithic Stone Age. This is probably because they are made of massive pieces of wood, which tend to preserve better than others, such as bark canoes.
LRTA 1000 class
The LRTA 1000 class is the first-generation class of high-floor light rail vehicles (LRV) of the Manila LRT Line 1. Purchased under soft loans from the Belgian Government, the trains first entered service under the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) in 1984.

It has undergone two refurbishments; the first from 1999 to 2008, and the most recent by the Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC) from 2016 to 2017. The newer 13000 class trains have gradually replaced the older 1000 class trains since July 2023.

Balintawak station
Balintawak station is an elevated Light Rail Transit (LRT) station located on the LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system located along EDSA at the boundary of barangays Balingasa, Unang Sigaw, and Apolonio Samson in Quezon City, Philippines. It opened on March 22, 2010 as part of the LRT-1 North Extension Project. The station serves passengers going to and from the northern parts of Luzon using the North Luzon Expressway.

Balintawak is one of two LRT-1 stations serving Quezon City, with the other being Fernando Poe Jr. It is the second station for trains headed to Dr. Santos and the twenty-fourth station for trains headed to Fernando Poe Jr.

The station is situated in front of the Balintawak Market, near the Quezon City–Caloocan boundary and the Balintawak Cloverleaf.