hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amadori rearrangement
The Amadori rearrangement is an organic reaction describing the acid or base catalyzed isomerization or rearrangement reaction of the N-glycoside of an aldose or the glycosylamine to the corresponding 1-amino-1-deoxy-ketose.  The reaction is important in carbohydrate chemistry, specifically the glycation of hemoglobin (as measured by the HbA1c test).

The rearrangement is usually preceded by formation of a α-hydroxyimine by condensation of an amine with an aldose sugar. The rearrangement itself entails intramolecular redox reaction, converting this α-hydroxyimine to an α-ketoamine:

The formation of imines is generally reversible, but subsequent to conversion to the keto-amine, the attached amine is fixed irreversibly. This Amadori product is an intermediate in the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGE)s. The formation of an advanced glycation end-product involves the oxidation of the Amadori product.

Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion   or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization.

When the activation energy for the isomerization reaction is sufficiently small, both isomers can often be observed and the equilibrium ratio will shift in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with each other. Many values of the standard free energy difference, , have been calculated, with good agreement between observed and calculated data.
Look Heart, No Hands
"Look Heart, No Hands" is a song written by Trey Bruce and former Amazing Rhythm Aces member Russell Smith, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis.  It was released in November 1992 as the only new single for his  Greatest Hits, Volume Two compilation.  Travis' rendition of the song was a Number One hit for him in early 1993, spending two weeks at the top of the Billboard country singles charts.

The Amazing Rhythm Aces
The Amazing Rhythm Aces is an American country rock group, which has characterized its music as "American music" or "roots music"—a blend of rock, country, blues, R&B, folk, reggae, and Latino. The band is best known for its 1975 hit "Third Rate Romance". They have released 18 albums over 30 years (a period including a 15-year hiatus). The band's music is distinguished by its eclectic scope, literate and often quirky lyrics, and distinctive vocals by lead singer and songwriter Russell Smith.
Los Osos Oaks State Natural Reserve
Los Osos Oaks State Natural Reserve is a California State Park in western San Luis Obispo County, in the Central Coast of California region. It preserves centuries-old coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia) growing atop relict sand dunes.  It is located in the Los Osos Valley between San Luis Obispo and Baywood Park-Los Osos, just outside the town of Los Osos. It is also the only place the critically endangered Splitting Yarn or Iron Maiden's Hair lichen Sulcaria isidiifera can be found. The 85-acre (34 ha) park was established in 1972.

Quercus agrifolia
Quercus agrifolia, the California live oak, or coast live oak, is an evergreen live oak native to the California Floristic Province. Live oaks are so-called because they keep living leaves on the tree all year, adding young leaves and shedding dead leaves simultaneously rather than dropping dead leaves en masse in the autumn like a true deciduous tree. Coast live oaks may be shrubby, depending on age and growing location, but is generally a medium-sized tree. It grows west of the Sierra Nevada mountain range from Mendocino County, California, south to northern Baja California in Mexico. It is classified in the red oak section of oaks (Quercus sect. Lobatae), subsection Agrifoliae.

This species is commonly sympatric with canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis), and the two may be hard to distinguish because their spinose leaves are superficially similar.
Cionomimus
Cionomimus is a genus of true weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are about 10 described species in Cionomimus. Adults are associated with Phoradendron plants, feeding on their reproductive organs.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Fort Union (Utah)
Fort Union, historically Union, is a major commercial area and an early settlement in the Salt Lake Valley of Utah that is now split between the municipalities of Midvale, Cottonwood Heights, and Sandy. The fort after which the area was named was built early (1853) in the Salt Lake Valley's post-1847 history at a strategic point where escarpments on either side of the Little Cottonwood Creek valley create a narrow gateway to the upper valley and Little Cottonwood Canyon beyond. The effects of geography on travel through the area have also contributed to the area's much more recent success as a retail and employment destination.

Little Cottonwood Canyon
Little Cottonwood Canyon lies within the Wasatch-Cache National Forest along the eastern side of the Salt Lake Valley, roughly 15 miles (24 km) from Salt Lake City, Utah. The canyon is part of Granite, a CDP and "Community Council" designated by Salt Lake County. The canyon is a glacial trough (U-shaped canyon), carved by an alpine glacier during the last ice age, 15,000 to 25,000 years ago. A number of rare and endemic plant species are found in the canyon's Albion Basin. Introduced Mountain goats inhabit the surrounding mountains.

The Salt Lake Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was built of blocks of quartz monzonite, granite, and granodiorite which Latter Day Saint pioneers quarried from the Little Cottonwood Stock near the mouth of the canyon.

State Route 210 is the primary access road to the canyon, running from the canyon mouth up to Alta. Little Cottonwood Creek runs down the length of the canyon, beginning at Cecret Lake at Alta and flowing westward.
The Great Australian Bake Off season 8
The eighth season of The Great Australian Bake Off premiered on 18 September 2024 on the LifeStyle channel, and saw 12 home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned The Great Australian Bake Off's best amateur baker. The season consisted of 10 episodes. Each episode saw bakers put through three challenges, with each episode having its own theme or discipline. The season was hosted by Cal Wilson (in her final hosting role) and Natalie Tran, and was judged by Darren Purchese and Rachel Khoo.

Rachel Khoo
Rachel Khoo (born 28 August 1980) is a British cook, author, and broadcaster who has hosted and co-hosted television cooking shows on the BBC, Food Network, and Netflix. In 2012, she received international acclaim for her cookbook and its accompanying BBC cookery series, The Little Paris Kitchen: Cooking with Rachel Khoo.
Zhang Lin (dissident)
Zhang Lin (born 1963 in Bengbu, Anhui) is a cyber-dissident from the People's Republic of China. He led student hunger strikes in Bengbu in  1989. He was imprisoned on 29 January 2005, in Bengbu's No. 1 Detention Center. August 2009, Lin was released free. However, he has constantly been harassed by Chinese government after that. He was imprisoned again on September 5, 2014, and was released in September 2016. Zhang moved to the US in 2018 and he is running his YouTube channel.

Zhang Lin's daughter Zhang Anni was arrested at her primary school on 27 February 2013 and detained with her father Zhang Lin for three hours. On 7 September 2013, Zhang Anni and her elder sister departed China from Shanghai Pudong International Airport with help from Consulate General of the United States, Shanghai, and resettled in San Francisco, United States.

Consulate General of the United States, Shanghai
The Consulate General of the United States in Shanghai is one of the five American diplomatic and consular posts in the People's Republic of China.

First established in 1844 following the signing of the Treaty of Wanghia, the U.S. Consulate General in Shanghai had a presence until the conclusion of the Chinese Communist Revolution and it closed in 1950. It reopened in 1980 at its present location at 1469 Huai Hai Zhong Road (at the corner with Urumqi Road) in an early 20th-century mansion.

The Consulate General has two other offices in Shanghai.  The Consular Section (American Citizen Services Unit & Nonimmigrant Visa Unit) is located in the Westgate Mall and the Public Affairs Section is located in the Shanghai Centre both on Nanjing West Road.
William Foster (Scottish cricketer)
William John Foster (born 3 February 1934) is a Scottish former first-class cricketer and Royal Marines officer.

Foster was born at Glasgow and was educated in England at Harrow School. He was commissioned into the Royal Marines as a second lieutenant in November 1952. He was made an acting lieutenant in April 1954, with promotion to the full rank of lieutenant in May 1956. He was promoted to the rank of captain in January 1964. Foster made two appearances in first-class cricket for the Combined Services cricket team in 1964, playing against Cambridge University at Uxbridge, and Oxford University at Aldershot. He scored a total of 79 runs in his two matches, with a high score of 36.

Officers Club Services Ground
The Officers Club Services Ground is a cricket ground in Aldershot, Hampshire, England. The ground was used as a host venue for first-class cricket by Hampshire and various armed services teams from 1905 to 1964, hosting nine matches. A Women's Twenty20 International was played there in 2011.
RNZAF Station Waipapakauri
RNZAF Station Waipapakauri was a Royal New Zealand Air Force station located at Waipapakauri, 14 km north of Kaitaia, Northland Region, New Zealand. Originally established in 1933 as a small local aerodrome, it was commandeered as an air force base by the RNZAF at the outbreak of war in 1939.

The New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy established a radio intercept and direction finding (D/F) station here as part of a network throughout the country.

Vickers Vildebeest
The Vickers Vildebeest and the similar Vickers Vincent are single-engined British biplanes designed and built by Vickers and used as light bombers, torpedo bombers and in army cooperation roles. First flown in 1928, they remained in service at the start of the Second World War, with the last Vildebeests flying against Japanese forces over Singapore and Java in 1942.
Ali Pasha Vidajić
Ali-paša Vidajić[a] (fl. 1803–d. 18 October 1810), was an Ottoman Bosnian official (titled bey) and commander (with honorific pasha) in Zvornik, active during the First Serbian Uprising (1804–13), in which the Serbs of the Sanjak of Smederevo revolted against the Ottoman Empire and made incursions into Bosnia.

Zvornik
Zvornik (Serbian Cyrillic: Зворник, pronounced [zʋɔ̌rniːk]) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2013, it had a population of 58,856 inhabitants. Zvornik is located on the Drina River, on the eastern slopes of Majevica mountain, at the altitude of 146m.

The town of Mali Zvornik ("Little Zvornik") lies directly across the river in Serbia. Kula Grad, a village that is part of Zvornik municipality, has a Middle Age fort, Zvornik fortress, built in the 12th century.
Huckleberry Hound
Huckleberry "Huck" Hound is a fictional cartoon character, a blue dog who speaks with a North Carolina accent. He first appeared in the series The Huckleberry Hound Show. The cartoon was one of six TV shows to win an Emmy Award in 1960 as a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program; the first animated series to receive such an award.

In most of his cartoons he has different jobs, with results that backfire, yet usually coming out on top, either through slow persistence or sheer luck. He has been a Roman gladiator, a medieval knight, a dogcatcher, a policeman and a rocket scientist. He also appears in futuristic cartoons, as an intergalactic space policeman, alongside other Hanna-Barbera characters. His off-key and inaccurate rendition of "Oh My Darling, Clementine" was often used as a running gag.

Wonderland Sydney
Wonderland Sydney (originally known as Australia's Wonderland) was an amusement park in Eastern Creek, Sydney, Australia. Officially opened in December 1985 by the Premier of New South Wales, Neville Wran, the park was the largest in the southern hemisphere. It remained open for over 18 years and was the premier theme park in New South Wales for much of its life until its closure in 2004.
USCGC Dogwood
USCGC Dogwood (WAGL-259/WLR-259) was a 114-foot river buoy tender of the United States Coast Guard. Constructed by the Dubuque Boat & Boiler Works Company in Dubuque, Iowa, she was commissioned in 1941 and served until 1989.  She was stationed at Vicksburg, Mississippi and later Pine Bluff, Arkansas.  She had an active career, from tending ATON to escorting the NASA rocket barge Palaemon on three occasions and assisting in the cleanup operation along the Gulf Coast in the aftermath of Hurricane Betsy.

The ship had three nicknames: Dogfood, Divorce Boat, "The Dog.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Pine Bluff is a city in Jefferson County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 41,253 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Arkansas.

Pine Bluff is situated in the southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west. Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland, similar to other places in the Delta Lowlands. Pine Bluff has numerous creeks, streams, and bayous, including Bayou Bartholomew, the longest bayou in the world and the second most ecologically diverse stream in the United States. Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff, Lake Langhofer (Slack Water Harbor), and the Arkansas River.
Ghunchok Pokhari
Ghunchok Pokhari, or Saurpani Pokhari is a freshwater lake located in northern-central Nepal. Saurpani Village Development Committee in Gorkha District. It is in fact palustrine wetland, covered by vegetation. 
Ghunchok Pokhari lake is located at an altitude of more than 1900 m.

Saurpani
Saurpani is Ward no.4 of Barpak Sulikot Rural Municipality (previously village development committee) in Gorkha District in the Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,958 and had 1,325 houses in the town.
X3: Albion Prelude
X3: Albion Prelude is a space trading and combat simulator by German developer Egosoft and is the fifth game in their X series. An add-on to 2008's X3: Terran Conflict, X3: Albion Prelude features new content, functionality and improvements, including additional ships, stations, and sectors; a new plot line; war scenario sectors, and several stock exchanges. X3: Albion Prelude was released on Steam on 15 December 2011. A downloadable content (DLC) pack, X3: Farnham's Legacy, was released in May 2021.

Egosoft
Egosoft GmbH (formerly Ego Software) is a German video game developer based in Würselen, Germany. The company was founded by Bernd Lehahn in 1988.

Egosoft is best known for its X series of video games, a series of space simulator games noted for combining open-ended gameplay, dynamic market-driven economy and compelling storyline. The series began in 1999 with X: Beyond the Frontier. Since then, the series has expanded with three sequels and three standalone expansions; the latest being X4: Foundations, released 30 November 2018.
Wood and Fiber Science
Wood and Fiber Science is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Forest Products Society on behalf of the Society of Wood Science and Technology. Established in 1969, it focuses on research in wood and fiber science, including forest products, fiber characteristics, wood utilization, processing, composites, and related technologies.

The current editor-in-chief is Dr. Jeffrey Morrell.

For 2023, according to Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate), its impact factor is 0.8. It is abstracted and indexed in key bibliographic databases including Scopus and Google Scholar.

Clarivate
Clarivate Plc is a British-American publicly traded analytics company that operates a collection of subscription-based services, in the areas of bibliometrics and scientometrics; business and market intelligence, and competitive profiling for pharmacy and biotech, patents, and regulatory compliance; trademark protection, and domain and brand protection. Clarivate calculates the impact factor of scientific journals, using data from its Web of Science product family, that also includes services and applications such as Publons, EndNote, and EndNote Click. Its other product families are Cortellis, DRG, CPA Global, Derwent, CompuMark, and Darts-ip, and also the various ProQuest products and services.

Clarivate was formed in 2016, following the acquisition of Thomson Reuters' Intellectual Property and Science business by Onex Corporation and Baring Private Equity Asia. Clarivate has acquired various companies since then, including, notably, ProQuest in 2021.
Georgy Zhukov (footballer)
Georgy Gennadyevich Zhukov (Russian: Георгий Геннадьевич Жуков; born 19 November 1994) is a Kazakh professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Kazakhstan Premier League club Aktobe and the Kazakhstan national team.

Kazakhstan Cup
The Kazakhstan Cup is the main knockout cup competition in Kazakhstan football, run by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan. The tournament was initially founded in 1936 as a competition for clubs in the Kazakh SSR but did not become a proper national competition until 1992.
Davlat Khudonazarov
Davlat Khudonazarov (Russian and Tajik: Давлат Худоназаров, Persian: دولت خدای‌نظرف) (1944 in Khorugh, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajik SSR) is a Tajikistani filmmaker, politician and human rights activist.

Khorog
Khorog (Russian: Хорог [xɐˈrok]), also Khorugh (Tajik: Хоруғ [χɔˈɾuʁ]) or Kharagh (Shughni: Харағ [χɐˈɾaʁ]), is the capital of Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan. It is also the capital of the Shughnon District of Gorno-Badakhshan. It has a population of 30,500 (2020 est.).

Khorog is 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) above sea level in the Pamir Mountains (ancient Mount Imeon) at the confluence of the rivers Ghunt and Panj. The city is bounded to the south (Nivodak) and to the north (Tem) by the deltas of the Shakhdara and Ghunt, respectively. The two rivers merge in the eastern part of the city flow through the city, dividing it almost evenly until its delta in the Panj, on the border with Afghanistan. Khorog is known for its poplar trees that dominate the flora of the city.
Shannon Vreeland
Shannon Vreeland (born November 15, 1991) is an American former competition swimmer specializing in freestyle and Olympic gold medallist.  She was a member of the 2012 United States Olympic team, and won a gold medal in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay at the 2012 London Summer Olympics. Vreeland had won a total of nineteen medals in major international competitions, including thirteen gold medals, three silver, and three bronze, spanning the Olympics, World Championships, Pan Pacific Championships, and Summer Universiade. Vreeland retired after the 2016 Olympic Trials and began attending law school at Vanderbilt University in the fall of 2016.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.
SV Wilhelmshaven
SV Wilhelmshaven is a German association football club from Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony. SV Wilhelmshaven play in the Regionalliga Nord. SV Wilhelmshaven was founded in 1905. Since 1999, Wilhelmshaven's stadium is the Jadestadion.

Gauliga Niedersachsen
The Gauliga Niedersachsen was the highest football league in the Prussian Province of Hanover and the German states of Bremen, Brunswick, Schaumburg-Lippe and Oldenburg from 1933 to 1945. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Südhannover-Braunschweig, Ost-Hannover and Weser-Ems de facto replaced the Prussian province and the German states in the region of Lower Saxony (German:Niedersachsen), although de jure the old states continued to exist.

From 1942, the Gauliga Niedersachsen was split into two separate leagues, the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig and the Gauliga Weser-Ems. In turn, the Gauliga Osthannover was separated from the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig in 1943.
Potentilla lindleyi
Potentilla lindleyi, commonly known as wedgeleaf horkelia, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is endemic to California, where it grows in coastal chaparral communities and sandy areas.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Cacia cretifera
Cacia cretifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Frederick William Hope in 1831. It is known from Java, Cambodia, India, Myanmar, China, Nepal, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. It feeds on Berberis thunbergii and Albizia julibrissin.

Frederick William Hope
Frederick William Hope (3 January 1797 – 15 April 1862) was an English clergyman, naturalist, collector, and entomologist, who founded a professorship at the University of Oxford to which he gave his entire collections of insects in 1849 (now known as the Hope Collection or in expanded form the Hope Entomological Collections, with around 3.5 million specimens). He described numerous species and was a founder of the Entomological Society of London in 1833 along with John Obadiah Westwood.