hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP or HMB-PP) is an intermediate of the  MEP pathway (non-mevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The enzyme HMB-PP synthase (GcpE, IspG) catalyzes the conversion of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) into HMB-PP. HMB-PP is then converted further to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by HMB-PP reductase (LytB, IspH).

HMB-PP is an essential metabolite in most pathogenic bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as in malaria parasites, but is absent from the human host.

HMB-PP is the physiological activator ("phosphoantigen") for human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, the major γδ T cell population in peripheral blood. With a bioactivity of 0.1 nM it is 10,000-10,000,000 times more potent than any other natural compound, such as IPP or alkyl amines. HMB-PP functions in this capacity by binding the B30.2 domain of BTN3A1.

Butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A1
Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTN3A1 gene. BTN3A1 protein is involved in innate immunity in primates and other mammals to protect them against pathogens and cancer.
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site
Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site is a historic house museum in Hyde Park, New York, United States. Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1940, it is owned and operated by the National Park Service.

The property, historically known as Hyde Park, was one of several homes owned by Frederick William Vanderbilt and his wife Louise Holmes Anthony. The 54-room Vanderbilt mansion was designed by the preeminent architectural firm McKim, Mead & White. It was built between 1896 and 1899. The house is an example of the Beaux-Arts architecture style. The interiors are archetypes of the American Renaissance, blending European architectural salvage, antiques, and fine period reproductions representing an array of historical styles. The site includes 211 acres (85 ha) of the original larger property (once around 600 acres) situated on a bluff overlooking the Hudson River and includes manicured lawns, formal gardens, woodlands, and numerous auxiliary buildings.

American Renaissance
The American Renaissance was a period of American architecture and the arts from 1876 to 1917, characterized by renewed national self-confidence and a feeling that the United States was the heir to Greek democracy, Roman law, and Renaissance humanism. Local conditions and requirements of America, including the aforementioned nationalism, spurred this change of style, allowing it to slowly develop over time in various places around the United States. The era spans the period between the Centennial Exposition (celebrating the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence) and the United States' entry into World War I.
1881 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election
In 1881, Dudley Marjoribanks, MP, was elevated to the peerage as Baron Tweedmouth. At the 26 October Berwick-upon-Tweed 1881 by-election,  Hubert Jerningham defeated Henry Trotter by a then record margin, despite attacks on Jerningham for supporting the right of atheist Charles Bradlaugh, who had won in Northampton at the 1880 general election, to sit in Parliament.

Baron Tweedmouth
Baron Tweedmouth, of Edington in the County of Berwick, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1881 for the businessman and Liberal politician Sir Dudley Marjoribanks, 1st Baronet, widely remembered after his death as the creator of the Golden Retriever. He had already been created a baronet, of Guisachan in Beaulieu in the County of Inverness, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom 1866. The 1st Baron was succeeded by his son, Edward, also a Liberal politician, who notably served as First Lord of the Admiralty between 1905 and 1908. The title became extinct on the death of Edward's son, the 3rd Baron, in 1935.

The 3rd Baron's heir presumptive was his cousin, Conservative MP Edward Marjoribanks; however, he committed suicide in 1932.

Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair, was the daughter of the first Baron.
Maria d'Aquino
Maria d'Aquino (died in 1382) was a Neapolitan noblewoman who is traditionally identified with Giovanni Boccaccio's beloved and muse Fiammetta (Italian for "little flame").

Maria d'Aquino was a “royal bastard”, an illegitimate daughter of Robert the Wise, King of Naples and Count of Provence. She was an accomplice in the 1345 murder of King Andrew, the husband of her niece and Robert's successor, Queen Joanna I. For this Maria was sentenced to death and beheaded in 1382 on the orders of Queen Joanna I's successor, King Charles III.

Boccaccio wrote about Maria d'Aquino and their relationship in several of his literary works. She is traditionally identified as Fiammetta. According to him, Maria's mother was a Provençal noblewoman, Sibila Sabran, wife of Count Thomas IV of Aquino. She was born after Countess Sibila and King Robert committed adultery at his coronation festivities in 1310, but was given the family name of her mother's husband. Her putative father placed her in a convent.

Charles III of Naples
Charles III of Naples, also called Charles the Small or Charles of Durazzo (1345 – 24 February 1386), was King of Naples and the titular King of Jerusalem from 1382 to 1386 as Charles III, and also King of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 as Charles II. In 1381, Charles created the chivalric Order of the Ship. In 1383, he succeeded to the Principality of Achaea on the death of James of Baux.
2017 World RX of Latvia
The 2017 World RX of Latvia was the tenth round of the fourth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at Biķernieku Kompleksā Sporta Bāze, in the Latvian capital of Riga. Johan Kristoffersson secured the drivers' title, after winning the event. Kristoffersson's closest rival for the title, teammate Petter Solberg, was involved in a first lap crash with Jānis Baumanis in semi-final 2. The semi-final was red-flagged as Solberg was taken to a hospital in Riga. At the hospital it was determined that he had broken two ribs and his left collarbone.

FIA World Rallycross Championship
The FIA World Rallycross Championship (official abbreviation is World RX,to be world rallycross Cup) is a rallycross series organised and promoted by the FIA. In September 2025, just days before the final round of the 2025 season, it was announced that the championship will revert to being the European Rallycross Championship as seen prior to 2014.
Helan, Mandi Bahauddin
32°29′23″N 73°39′21″E﻿ / ﻿32.4896°N 73.6559°E﻿ / 32.4896; 73.6559
Helan (or Helaan) is a union council in Phalia Tehsil, Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab province, Pakistan. The union council contains 10 villages, one of which has given its name to the union council. The 10 villages of the union council are Helan, Charanwala, Burje, Kotli Qazi, Qutli, Dhingranwali, Binder Khurd, Rajoya, Saida Chak, and  Heger. Helan is 20 kilometers south-east of Mandi Bahauddin, 8 kilometers north-east of Phalia, 20 kilometers south of Dinga and 4 kilometers north of Mano Chak.

Mandi Bahauddin
Mandi Bahauddin (Punjabi / Urdu: مَنْڈی بَہَاءُ الدِّین, romanized: manḍī bahā-ud-dīn Punjabi: [mɐ̃ɳˈɖiː ˈbä˥ʊ̯˩d̪ˑiːnᵊ]; Urdu: [mə̃nˈɖiː ˈbəɦɑːʊ̯d̪.d̪iːn]) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is also called "The City of Lions". It is also the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District. It is the 43rd most populous city in Pakistan, according to the 2023 census. The city is about 220 metres above sea level and is located between the rivers Jhelum (north 12 km) and Chenab (south 39 km).

The name of the town originates from two sources, Mandi was a prefix because it was a grain market and Bahauddin was a Sufi saint.
Shaun White Snowboarding
Shaun White Snowboarding is a snowboarding video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft for Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, Wii, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.

The Wii version of the game is titled Shaun White Snowboarding: Road Trip.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Louis Johnson (boxer)
Louis Johnson (born November 4, 1938) is an American boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, he defeated Jan Huppen of the Netherlands, before losing to Nicolae Puiu of Romania.

Boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight
The bantamweight class in the boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics competition was the second-lightest class.  Bantamweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 54 kilograms. The competition was held from October 11, 1964, to October 23, 1964. 32 boxers from 32 nations competed.
Villa Fagnano
43°22′29″N 11°20′28″E﻿ / ﻿43.37469°N 11.34119°E﻿ / 43.37469; 11.34119The Villa Fagnano is a baroque-style rural palace structure located near Vagliagli, a hamlet of Castelnuovo Berardenga, a few miles outside Siena, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

The house was erected in 1698 by the Signor Bandini Piccolomini on at the site of a former fortress house, using the designs of Giovanni Battista Piccolomini. An inventory from 1840 noted that the villa was decorated with paintings by Francesco Simonini, and that the chapel had an altarpiece by Casolani, possibly Alessandro.

The villa retains a walled Giardino all'italiana with ordered geometric blocks of flowerbeds, framed by box hedges and punctuated with lemon trees in vases. In the center is a circular fountain with a modern statue of Neptune and an allegory of the four seasons, both by the sculptor Romanelli. In the garden is a nymphaeum with a fishpond and three niches adorned with statues.

Vagliagli
Vagliagli is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Castelnuovo Berardenga, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 386.

Vagliagli is about 16 km from Siena and 27 km from Castelnuovo Berardenga.
Rising Musical Stars
Rising Musical Stars was a musical radio program broadcast by NBC on Sunday nights at 10pm for a half year (1937–38). It was sometimes listed as Rising Stars. It followed Manhattan Merry-Go-Round and The American Album of Familiar Music, and this trio of programs brought the weekend to a close with 90 minutes of Sunday evening concerts.

The series was brought to the air by the National Dairy Products Corporation to promote their Sealtest brand. The program featured Alexander Smallens and His Orchestra. The program of January 30, 1938, showcased the piano duo of Hannah Klein and Paula Gilbert playing "Scherzo".

Radio historian Jim Cox found this short-lived show "unimpressive". However, at the fourth annual luncheon meeting of the Women's National Radio Committee, it received a commendation as "best program of serious music commercially sponsored," along with the Detroit Symphony and Philadelphia Orchestra concerts and the Metropolitan Opera broadcasts.

Sealtest Dairy
Sealtest Dairy is a Good Humor-Breyers brand for dairy products. Formerly a division of National Dairy Products Corporation (precursor to Kraft Foods) of Delaware, it produced milk, cream, ice cream, and lemonade. The Sealtest brand was also later used by various companies in Canada under license (now held by Agropur).
George Herod
Doctor George Samuel Herod (May 26, 1827 – January 25, 1899) was an English-born physician and politician. He served as mayor of Guelph from 1869 to 1870.

He was born in Lancashire and was educated in Mansfield and Birmingham. Herod came to Guelph in 1840. He studied medicine with two physicians there and then continued his studies at King's College, Toronto and was admitted to practice in 1847. He became a physician at the Emigrant Hospital in Hamilton and set up practice in Georgetown a year later. In 1854, Herod returned to Guelph and entered practice with Dr. William Clarke. Herod served as county coroner, as surgeon for the jail and as surgeon for the county militia. He was also a member of the town council and of the local school board.

Herod married Margaret Sandiland.

He died in Guelph.

Coroner
A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death. The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction.

In Medieval England, English coroners were Crown officials who held financial powers and conducted some judicial investigations in order to counterbalance the power of sheriffs or bailiffs.

Depending on the jurisdiction, the coroner may adjudge the cause of death personally, or may act as the presiding officer of a special court (a "coroner's jury"). The term coroner derives from the same source as the word crown.
Anders Morelius
Anders Morelius (born 20 March 1940) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. He is Relay World Champion from 1966, as a member of the Swedish winning team in the very first World Orienteering Championships, held in  Fiskars, Finland. He also earned a bronze medal in the 1966 Individual World Orienteering Championship.
Han also won 10-mila representing OK Malmia in 1965.

Tiomila
Tiomila or 10-mila is an orienteering race held annually in Sweden since 1945, usually in late April or early May. It is a 10-man relay which includes both nighttime and daytime legs. The women's race consists of five daylight legs. 
Tiomila attracts club teams from all the major orienteering nations. In 2008, both the men's and the women's race consisted of about 350 teams. In 2019, there were 336 women's teams and 310 men's teams.

The name means "ten mil" (100 km) and refers to the total distance run by each team. The actual distance, however, varies from year to year. The 2015 edition was measured to 116 kilometres (72 mi) along the straight line between the controls.
Cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's cross-country
These are the official results of the Women's Mountainbike Race at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There were a total number of 27 participants, with two non-finishers, in this inaugural Olympic event, over 31.8 kilometres, held on July 30, 1996. The mountain biking events were held at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers, Georgia, located 30 miles (50 km) east of Atlanta.

Conyers, Georgia
Conyers is a city and the county seat of Rockdale County, Georgia, United States. The city is 24 miles (38.6 km) east of downtown Atlanta and is a part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. As of 2020, its population was 17,305. The formerly separate town of Milstead is now part of Conyers.
Cardinal Community School District
40°57′39″N 92°14′17″W﻿ / ﻿40.960918°N 92.238019°W﻿ / 40.960918; -92.238019

The Cardinal Community School District is a rural public school district headquartered in Eldon, Iowa.  It spans areas in Wapello, Davis, Jefferson and Van Buren counties.  It serves the cities of Eldon, Agency, and Batavia, the unincorporated communities of Selma and Bladensburg, as well as the surrounding rural areas.

The district was formed in 1960 as a consolidation of schools in Eldon, Agency, Batavia, and Selma.

Joel Pedersen served as superintendent from  2010-2023.  He was named Iowa Superintendent of the Year by the School Administrators of Iowa in 2020.

Former elementary principal Heather Buckley was named Iowa Elementary Principal of the Year in 2022.

Selma, Iowa
Selma is an unincorporated community in northwestern Van Buren County, Iowa, United States.  It lies along Iowa Highway 16 northwest of the city of Keosauqua, the county seat of Van Buren County.  Its elevation is 617 feet (188 m).
Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (mesoregion)
The mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte is one of the twelve mesoregions of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It is composed of 105 municipalities, distributed across 8 microregions.
It is the most populous and densely populated of all the mesoregions of Minas Gerais.
The largest city by population is Belo Horizonte.

The mesoregion encompasses all the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region (which has only 34 cities), and both should not be confused. The former is a geographical division created by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for statistical purposes, while the latter is the definition of a metropolitan area.

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

The IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Marcio Pochmann, replacing Eduardo Rios Neto. It was made a federal agency by the Federal Decree-Law No. 161 of February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.
Hvalstad Station
Hvalstad Station (Norwegian: Hvalstad stasjon) is a railway station of the Drammen Line located at Hvalstad in Asker, Norway. Situated 20.19 kilometers (12.55 mi) from Oslo Central Station, it consists of an island platform and serves the L1 line of the Oslo Commuter Rail operated by Vy. The station served 233,000 passengers in 2012.

The line opened at the same time as the Drammen Line on 7 October 1872. The first station building was a wooden structure designed by Georg Andreas Bull. The station was moved in 1915 to its current location. This resulted in another wooden station building, designed by Jens Flor. The third station building, designed by Julie Kristiansen, was completed in 1957. This resulted in the station being raised to an elevated structure. Bull's building has been demolished, while Flor's and Kristiansen's have been listed as heritage sites.

Asker Municipality (1838–2020)
Asker (Norwegian: Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway, located approximately 20km southwest of Oslo. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative center was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
John George Valatin
John George Valatin (Hungarian: Valatin János Györgi, 1918–April 19, 1978) was a British–Hungarian theoretical physicist and professor at Queen Mary University of London. He is known for his work in quantum field theory, particle physics and condensed matter physics. He developed the Bogoliubov–Valatin transformation in many-body quantum mechanics.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Grafting wax
Grafting wax is a composition of rosin, beeswax, tallow, and similar materials, used in gluing and sealing the wounds of newly grafted trees or shrubs to protect them from infection. The current formulation typically used in the northwestern portion of the United States for fruit trees, is based on a mixture created by Albert Sak, a German-from-Russia immigrant. The exact original composition is a closely guarded family secret.

Tallow
Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton suet, primarily made up of triglycerides.

In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point.

The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings, greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food, such as dog food.

In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists, the name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. This name comes from the chemical suffix "-ate" which signifies a negatively charged ion. Sodium tallowate, for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda).  It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, such as oleic and palmitic.

Dripping is the British term for beef fat that has been rendered; it can be used to make Cornish Pasties.
Liebig's law of the minimum
Liebig's law of the minimum, often simply called Liebig's law or the law of the minimum, is a principle developed in agricultural science by Carl Sprengel (1840) and later popularized by Justus von Liebig. It states that growth is dictated not by total resources available, but by the scarcest resource (limiting factor). The law has also been applied to biological populations and ecosystem models for factors such as sunlight or mineral nutrients.

Agricultural science
Agricultural science (or agriscience for short) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists.