hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ciombola
Ciombola was a bike frame company which was based in Melbourne, Australia, and built bike frames between 1998 and 2005.

The frames were designed by Michael Abel of Melbourne and hand built by Master frame builder Wayne Roberts in the factory at Holden Hill, a suburb of Adelaide in South Australia. The 7005 aluminium Ciombola models were imported from builders in Asia as blank frames and painted in the Adelaide factory.

Following the retirement of Roberts from full-time frame-building, the Ciombola designer and owner closed down operations in 2005. The frames made by Wayne Roberts under the Ciombola marque have since become collectibles.

Bicycle frame
A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and consists of two triangles: a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as the diamond frame. Frames are required to be strong, stiff and light, which they do by combining different materials and shapes.
Peter Kawalek
Peter Kawalek is Professor at the Loughborough University Business School, and also with experience as Visiting Faculty at Instituto de Empresa in Madrid, Letterkenny Institute of Technology in Letterkenny, Ireland, Trinity College, Dublin, and other institutions. His books consider the role of technology in organizations and society, the latest being focused on long-term studies of Enterprise Systems. Kawalek is known as a board-level advisor on digital issues, working also with government agencies.

IE Business School
IE Business School is an undergraduate and graduate business school, located in Madrid, Spain. It was founded in 1973 under the name Instituto de Empresa (lit. Institute of Business) and is part of IE University since 2007. IE Business School is known for its master's program in management, which has been well ranked by numerous publications. It maintains a global network of approximately 220 partner universities, while also offering dual-degree programs. The institution runs BBA, MBA, Executive MBA, master's degree programs in finance and management, executive education programs, PhD, and DBA programs.
Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse
Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse (OUTA) is a registered non-profit Civil Action Organisation, located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The anti-corruption advocacy organisation focuses on tackling government corruption and misappropriation of public funds. It is crowd funded by the public and businesses within the Republic of South Africa.

Anti-corruption
Anti-corruption (or anticorruption) comprises activities that oppose or inhibit corruption. Just as corruption takes many forms, anti-corruption efforts vary in scope and in strategy. A general distinction between preventive and reactive measures is sometimes drawn. In such framework, investigative authorities and their attempts to unveil corrupt practices would be considered reactive, while education on the negative impact of corruption, or firm-internal compliance programs are classified as the former.
Dhanik Lal Mandal
Dhanik Lal Mandal (30 March 1932 – 13 November 2022) was an Indian politician from Bihar. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Jhanjharpur in Bihar, twice in 1977 and 1980. He was a member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly (1967–74) and also a speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly, (1967–69).

Mandal remained the Governor of Haryana (7 Feb 1990–13 June 1995). After his election to the 6th Lok Sabha in 1977, he remained Minister of State, Union Ministry of Home Affairs (1977–79) in the Morarji Desai Ministry.

Mandal was born at Belha Village, Madhubani district, and attended Northbrook District School, Darbhanga, Mithila College, Darbhanga, and Allahabad University. He died on 13 November 2022, at the age of 90. He was a member of Extremely Backward Dhanuk caste of Bihar.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
Khovrino constituency
The Khovrino constituency (No.207) is a Russian legislative constituency in Moscow. The constituency covers north-western part of Northern Moscow and northern North-Western Moscow as well as Zelenograd.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Irina Belykh, three-term State Duma member, former Head of Meshchansky District and middle school principal. Belykh was elected Chairwoman of the Duma Committee on Education in September 2024.

Molzhaninovsky District
Molzhaninovsky District (Russian: Молжани́новский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the sixteen in Northern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. The area of the district is 16.65 square kilometres (6.43 sq mi) As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 3,521.
Allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, an allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.54) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are allyl alcohol and oxidsed nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are acrolein, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is allyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
2012 Green World ATP Challenger – Doubles
Michail Elgin and Alexander Kudryavtsev were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
John Paul Fruttero and Raven Klaasen won the final 6–2, 6–4 against Colin Ebelthite and Samuel Groth.

Colin Ebelthite
Colin Ebelthite (born 27 November 1984) is a former Australian professional tennis player.

Ebelthite's highest ATP singles ranking is World 209, which he reached on 23 June 2008. His career high ranking in doubles was at 98, set on 17 September 2012. The South Australian won three Futures titles including Sorrento (WA), Perth and Wellington. Ebelthite joined the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) Pro Tour squad in January. His impressive run saw his ranking rocket to a career high 230, an outstanding feat given only sixteen months before he was ranked No.703 in the world. While qualifying for his grand slam he defeated Australian rising talent Bernard Tomic. Ebelthite competed in the Australian Open in 2009 where he was knocked out in the first round by Andreas Beck.
Verses pascales de tres Maries
The Verses pascales de tres Maries (Easter Verses of the Three Maries) are 12th-century Latin lyric verses from Vic that form a liturgical drama for performance at Easter. The play, by an anonymous cleric, is highly original in content and form, though it only runs 94 lines.

Lyric poetry
Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry that expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in a first-person narrative.
The term for both modern lyric poetry and modern song lyrics derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the Greek lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on an instrument known as a kithara, a seven-stringed lyre (hence "lyric"). These three are not equivalent, though song lyrics are often in the lyric mode and Ancient Greek lyric poetry was principally chanted verse.

The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle among three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic, and epic. Lyric poetry is one of the earliest forms of literature.
Thomas Slythurst
Thomas Slythurst (died 1560) was an English academic and Roman Catholic priest. He was  the first President of Trinity College, Oxford. He lost his positions in 1559, on the accession of Elizabeth I of England, by his refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy. It has been said that he died in the Tower of London, but this is contested.

Trinity College, Oxford
Trinity College (full name: The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight)) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope, on land previously occupied by Durham College, home to Benedictine monks from Durham Cathedral.

Despite its large physical size, the college is relatively small in terms of student numbers at approximately 400. It was founded as a men's college and has been coeducational since 1979. As of 2023, the total funds of Trinity amounted to more than £224 million, including a financial endowment of £191 million.

Trinity has produced three British prime ministers, placing it third after Christ Church and Balliol in terms of former students who have held that office.
Sabael, New York
Sabael is a hamlet in the town of Indian Lake, Hamilton County, New York, United States. The community is located along the western shore of Indian Lake and New York State Route 30, 16.2 miles (26.1 km) north of Speculator. The hamlet is named after Sabael Benedict, an Abenaki who travelled down from the Canadian province of Quebec to discover Indian Lake. Sabael had a post office until March 9, 2013; it still has its own ZIP code, 12864.

Abenaki
The Abenaki (Abenaki: Wôbanaki) are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands of Canada and the United States. They are an Algonquian-speaking people and part of the Wabanaki Confederacy. The Eastern Abenaki language was predominantly spoken in Maine, while the Western Abenaki language was spoken in Quebec, Vermont, and New Hampshire.

While Abenaki peoples share cultural traits, they historically did not have a centralized government. They came together as a post-contact community after their original tribes were decimated by colonization, disease, and warfare.
1902 Georgia Bulldogs football team
The 1902 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia during the 1902 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The Bulldogs compiled a 4–2–1 record, including victories over Auburn and Alabama and a 0–0 tie with Georgia Tech. The losses included Georgia's fourth consecutive loss to Sewanee. This was the team's second and final season under the guidance of head coach William A. Reynolds.

1902 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1902 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1902 college football season. The season began on September 27.

Clemson claimed an SIAA title.
Holcorpidae
Holcorpidae is an extinct family of scorpionflies. It contains two genera, Conicholcorpa which is known from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds of Inner Mongolia, China, and Holcorpa, known from the Eocene of North America, including the McAbee Fossil Beds of British Columbia, and the Florissant Formation of Colorado. Members of this family are distinguished by their unusually long male genitalia, as well as characteristics of their wing venation. Both Miriholcorpa and Fortiholcorpa from the Middle Jurassic of China also have affinities to this family, but the incompleteness of their remains and differences from known holcorpids make their placement uncertain.

Haifanggou Formation
The Haifanggou Formation (simplified Chinese: 海房沟组; traditional Chinese: 海房溝組; pinyin: Hǎifánggōu zǔ), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (simplified Chinese: 九龙山组; traditional Chinese: 九龍山組; pinyin: Jiǔlóngshān zǔ), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou (simplified Chinese: 道虎沟; traditional Chinese: 道虎溝) village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China.

The formation consists of coarse conglomerates, sandstone, mudstone, and thin coal layers deposited in deltaic and lacustrine environments.

The formation dates to the Callovian of the Middle Jurassic to the Oxfordian of the Late Jurassic.

The most prominent locality of the Haifanggou Formation are the Daohugou Beds, located near the village of Daohugou in southeastern Inner Mongolia. Other localities include Wuhuaxigou, Chentaizi, Jiangzhangzi, Wubaiding, Guancaishan, Haifenggou, Fanzhangzi, and Zhuanshanzi.
The Millions (film)
The Millions is a 2019 Nigerian comedy thriller film directed by Toka McBaror and written by Tunde Apalowo. The film stars Ramsey Nouah, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Toyin Abraham in the lead roles. It was one of the most expensive films to be made in the Nigerian film industry  with an estimated budget of ₦62 million. The film had its theatrical release in Nigeria on 30 August 2019 and received positive reviews from the critics. The film became a box office success grossing ₦12.5 million worldwide and was the second highest grossing Nigerian film in September 2019 after Kasanova.

Toka McBaror
Toka McBaror is a Nigerian filmmaker, producer, movie and music video director born, raised and is based in Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria but originally from Delta State. He received an award nomination for Kada River at the 2018 Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival in Canada, and six award wins for the film, Lotanna including: Best Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Art Director, Best Costume and Best Sound Editor at the 2017 Golden Movie Awards.

McBaror also has to his awards credits, "Best African Film" and "Best Nollywood Director" from the 2018 Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival, TINFF, which took place in Toronto, Canada, for the movie The Island. He was again nominated for the "Best Cinematography" and "Best Director" categories at the ZAFAA Global Awards, for his 2017 movie, Lotanna.
Bernard Eastlund
Bernard J. Eastlund (1938 – December 12, 2007) was an American physicist who received his B.S. in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University. In 1970 he received a Special Achievement Certificate from the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission for co-invention of the "fusion torch."

Weather modification
Weather modification  is the act of intentionally manipulating or altering the weather. The most common form of weather modification is cloud seeding, which increases rainfall or snowfall, usually for the purpose of increasing the local water supply. Weather modification can also have the goal of preventing damaging weather, such as hail or hurricanes, from occurring; or of provoking damaging weather against an enemy, as a tactic of military or economic warfare like Operation Popeye, where clouds were seeded to prolong the monsoon in Vietnam. Weather modification in warfare has been banned by the United Nations under the Environmental Modification Convention.
1986–87 Divizia B
The 1986–87 Divizia B was the 47th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

The format has been maintained to three series, each of them having 18 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last four places from each series relegated to Divizia C.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
HIGCSE
The Higher International General Certificate of Secondary Education (HIGCSE) was a certification offered by Cambridge University for various subjects. It was designed for Southern Africa and offered by many public, private and homeschooling organisations.

It was considered to be equivalent to matric in most countries, but was generally  at AS-Level standard  and could be used to enter into some universities around the world, including Cambridge University. A student could go on to study a subject on A2 after acquiring an HIGCSE qualification in that subject (a small bridging course is required in some cases).

In 2007, the HIGCSE, along with the IGCSE, was gradually discontinued by Namibia's Ministry of Education and replaced with the Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate (NSSC).

Education in Namibia
Education in Namibia is compulsory until the year  a learner turns 18. There are approximately 1900 schools in Namibia of which 100 are privately owned.  Namibian subjects' syllabi are based on the International General Certificate of Secondary Education  and Advanced Subsidiary Level which is part of Cambridge International. The Constitution directs the government to provide free primary education; however, families must pay fees for uniforms, stationery, books, hostels, and school improvements. Among sub-Saharan African countries, Namibia has one of the highest literacy rates.
Battle of Franklin's Crossing
The Battle of Franklin's Crossing, also known as Deep Run, took place near Fredericksburg, Virginia on June 5, 1863. Union forces under General John Sedgwick skirmished with Confederate troops under General A. P. Hill during a reconnaissance to determine the movements and location of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Confederate forces repulsed the Union probe. The small fight was the first action in the Gettysburg campaign.

Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union's Army of the Potomac.
Sensitive flame
A sensitive flame is a gas flame which under suitable adjustment of pressure resonates readily with sounds or air vibrations in the vicinity. Noticed by both the American scientist John LeConte and the English physicist William Fletcher Barrett, they recorded the effect that a shrill note had upon a gas flame issuing from a tapering jet. The phenomenon caught the attention of the Irish physicist John Tyndall who gave a lecture on the process to the Royal Institution in January 1867.

While not necessary to observe the effect, a higher flame temperature allows for easier observation. Sounds at lower to mid-range frequencies have little to no effect on the flame. However, shrill noises at high frequencies produce noticeable effects on the flame. Even the ticking of a pocket watch was observed as producing a high enough frequency to affect the flame.

John Tyndall
John Tyndall (/ˈtɪndəl/; 2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was an Irish physicist. His scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the physical properties of air, proving the connection between atmospheric CO2 and what is now known as the greenhouse effect in 1859.

Tyndall also published more than a dozen science books which brought state-of-the-art 19th century experimental physics to a wide audience. From 1853 to 1887 he was professor of physics at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1868.
Gavia egeriana
Gavia egeriana is an extinct species of loon from the Miocene epoch, where the holotype was found in Dolnice, Czech Republic dating to the Burdigalian. The holotype consists of two distal ends of the humeri bones. Other more complete material has been found in the Calvert Formation from the Chesapeake Group in the United States, with possible material from the Pungo River Formation from North Carolina. This material consists of the right coracoid and nearly two-thirds of a right ulna and dates to the Langhian. G. egeriana was a very small species of loon and it was the earliest, possibly the ancestral species that gave raise to the other species in the genus.

Calvert Formation
The Calvert Formation is a geologic formation in Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware. It preserves fossils dating back to the early to middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene period, between 23 to 14 million years ago. It is one of the three formations which make up the Calvert Cliffs, all of which are part of the Chesapeake Group.
KFJX
KFJX (channel 14) is a television station licensed to Pittsburg, Kansas, United States, serving the Joplin, Missouri–Pittsburg, Kansas market as an affiliate of Fox and The CW Plus. It is owned by SagamoreHill Broadcasting, which maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Morgan Murphy Media, owner of CBS affiliate KOAM-TV (channel 7, also licensed to Pittsburg), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share studios and transmitter facilities on US 69 south of Pittsburg, with a secondary studio and news bureau on South Range Line Road in Joplin.

Although KFJX broadcasts a digital signal of its own, its primary channel is simulcast in high definition on KOAM-TV's second digital subchannel from the same transmitter site because the KFJX signal is weaker (45.1 kW vs. 98.8 kW for KOAM-TV).

U.S. Route 69 in Kansas
U.S. Route 69 (US-69) is a major north-south U.S. Highway that runs from Port Arthur, Texas to Albert Lea, Minnesota. In Kansas, the highway runs in the far eastern part of the state, usually within five miles of the Missouri state line. Most of the highway north of Fort Scott runs as a freeway.
Deaths in April 2021
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2021.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Legislative Assembly of Paraná
25°24′55″S 49°16′2″W﻿ / ﻿25.41528°S 49.26722°W﻿ / -25.41528; -49.26722

The Legislative Assembly of Paraná (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Paraná) is the unicameral legislature of Paraná state in Brazil. It has 54 state deputies elected by proportional representation.

The Assembly began on December 19, 1853 when Paraná became a province (before it was a territory of São Paulo).