hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014 ATP Challenger Tour Finals
The 2014 ATP Challenger Tour Finals was a tennis tournament played at the Esporte Clube Pinheiros in São Paulo, Brazil, between 19 and 23 November 2014. It was run by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It was the fourth edition of the event, which served as the season ending championships for players on the ATP Challenger Tour.

The venue went from Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis to Esporte Clube Pinheiros, and because of the change of venue, the tournament was being played in indoor clay courts for the first time.

Guilherme Clezar
Guilherme Sarti Clezar (pronounced Clézar; born 31 December 1992), is a professional tennis player from Brazil.  Clezar plays mainly in ATP Challenger Tour events.

He played also in several ATP 250 events, including the 2011 Brasil Open.
Catherine Dumas
Catherine Dumas (born 13 July 1957) is a French politician who has represented Paris in the Senate since 2017, previously holding a seat from 2007 to 2011. A member of The Republicans (LR), she has also been a Councillor of Paris since 2001.

Dumas entered the Senate in 2007 following the resignation of Philippe Goujon, who had been elected to the National Assembly. She was elected a Senator in her own right in 2017 and reelected in 2023.

2023 French Senate election
Senatorial elections took place on 24 September 2023 to renew 172 of the 348 seats in the Senate of the French Fifth Republic. The Republicans, led by Bruno Retailleau, emerged as the largest group for the fourth consecutive cycle, but lost 12 seats.
Yamanashi
Yamanashi can refer to:

Yamanashi Prefecture (山梨), Japan

The city of Yamanashi (山梨) in Yamanashi Prefecture

Yamanashi Broadcasting System, a radio and television broadcaster in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan

UHF Television Yamanashi, a television station in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan

Joseph Yamanashi, a recurring character on MADtv played by Bobby Lee

Yamanashi (山無し), Japanese for "no climax" (see yaoi)

Yamanashi Hanzō (1864–1944), general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Minister of War and Governor-General of Korea from 1927 to 1929

Yamanashi Broadcasting System
Yamanashi Broadcasting System (株式会社山梨放送, Kabushiki-gaisha Yamanashi Hōsō), also known as YBS, is a Japanese broadcast network based in Kōfu, Yamanashi. Its radio division, callsign JOJF is an affiliate of the Japan Radio Network and the National Radio Network while its television division, callsign JOJF-DTV (channel 4) is an affiliate of the Nippon News Network and the Nippon Television Network System. Both stations serve Yamanashi Prefecture with its studios and headquarters being located in the Shinkonya District of Kōfu.
Bela, Ajdovščina
Bela (pronounced [ˈbeːla]; Italian: Bella di Vipacco) is a small settlement at the source of White Creek (Slovene: Bela), which is a tributary of the Vipava River in the Municipality of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

Vipava (river)
The Vipava (Italian: Vipacco; German: Wipbach or Wippach) is a river that flows through western Slovenia and north-eastern Italy. The river is 49 kilometres (30 mi) in length, of which 45 km in Slovenia. After entering Italy it joins the Isonzo/Soča in the Municipality of Savogna d'Isonzo. This is a rare river with a delta source, formed by nine main springs. The Battle of the Frigidus was fought near the river,  which was named Frigidus ('cold') by the Romans. It has a pluvial-nival regime in its upper course and a pluvial regime in its lower course.
Proof Positive (TV series)
Proof Positive is a paranormal investigation reality television show broadcast by the Sci Fi Channel beginning on October 6, 2004, through December 8, 2004. It was shown as part of the "SciFi Wednesday" evening schedule line up in the United States along with other reality television programs as Scare Tactics and Ghost Hunters. Proof Positive  ran for ten episodes.

The show was hosted by actress Amanda Tapping of Stargate SG-1 and Sanctuary.

Amanda Tapping
Amanda Tapping (born 28 August 1965) is a British-born Canadian actress and director. She is best known for portraying Samantha Carter in the Canadian–American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1, Stargate Atlantis, and Stargate Universe. She starred as Dr. Helen Magnus in the science fiction-fantasy television series Sanctuary, which she also produced.
Lelant Saltings railway station
Lelant Saltings railway station opened on 27 May 1978 to provide a park and ride facility for visitors to St Ives, Cornwall, England.  It is situated on the A3074 road close to the junction with the A30 near the foot of the hill up to Lelant village. The park and ride facility closed in June 2019, replaced by a new one at nearby St Erth railway station, but the Saltings station remains open with a very limited service of trains.

A30 road
The A30 is a major road in England, running 284 miles (457 km) WSW from London to Land's End.

The road has been a principal axis in Britain from the 17th century to early 19th century, as a major coaching route and post road. It used to provide the fastest route from London to the South West by land until a century before roads were numbered; nowadays much of this function is performed by the M3 (including A316) and A303 roads. The road has kept its principal status in the west from Honiton, Devon to Land's End where it is mainly dual carriageway and retains trunk road status.
Bernard Munroe Stitt
Bernard Monroe "Barney" Stitt, (October 17, 1880 – March 21, 1942), was a Canadian politician.

He was born in Spencerville, Ontario. He moved to The Pas, Manitoba in 1909 and worked as a forest engineer. He enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I and served in Europe.

Returning to The Pas after the war he served as mayor from 1921 to 1930 when he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1930 federal election representing Nelson for the Conservatives. He ran in the 1935 federal election in the redistributed riding of Churchill but was defeated by Liberal Thomas Crerar.

After leaving politics, he became a hotel owner.

Redistribution (election)
Redistribution (re-districting in the United States and in the Philippines) is the process by which electoral districts are added, removed, or otherwise changed. Redistribution is a form of boundary delimitation that changes electoral district boundaries, usually in response to periodic census results. Redistribution is required by law or constitution at least every decade in most representative democracy systems that use first-past-the-post or similar electoral systems to prevent geographic malapportionment. The act of manipulation of electoral districts to favour a candidate or party is called gerrymandering.
District 15 (Chamber of Deputies of Chile)
District 15 (Spanish: Distrito 15) is one of the 28 multi-member electoral districts of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the National Congress, the national legislature of Chile. The district was created by the 2015 electoral reform and came into being at the following general election in 2017.  It consists of the communes of Codegua, Coinco, Coltauco, Doñihue, Graneros, Machalí, Malloa, Mostazal, Olivar, Quinta de Tilcoco, Rancagua, Rengo and Requínoa in the region of O'Higgins. The district currently elects five of the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2021 general election the district had 445,363 registered electors.

Olivar
Olivar is a commune in Chile, located in the O'Higgins Region, 10 km south of Rancagua, and administered by the municipality of Olivar. The main economic activities range from agriculture and food production, especially apples for exportation.
Tereñes Formation
The Tereñes Formation or Tereñes Marl is a Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) geologic formation in Asturias, Spain. The grey marls of the formation were deposited in a lagoonal environment at a muddy coast along a temporary inland sea. The lower section of the formation comprises silty and chalky sandstones with desiccation cracks and ripple marks, then becomes a bituminous, prominently ostracod-bearing, pelecypod shell chalk, lime chalk marl and marl. Fossil tracks have been reported from the formation.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (国立天文台, kokuritsu tenmondai) (NAOJ) is an astronomical research organisation comprising several facilities in Japan, as well as an observatory in Hawaii and Chile.  It was established in 1988 as an amalgamation of three existing research organizations - the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory of the University of Tokyo, International Latitude Observatory of Mizusawa, and a part of Research Institute of Atmospherics of Nagoya University.

In the 2004 reform of national research organizations, NAOJ became a division of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences.

Ishigaki, Okinawa
Ishigaki (Japanese: 石垣市, Hepburn: Ishigaki-shi; Yaeyama: Isïgaksï, Ishanagzï) is a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. It includes Ishigaki island and the Senkaku Islands territory. The city is the political, cultural, and economic center of the Yaeyama Islands. New Ishigaki Airport serves the city. As of December 2012, the city has an estimated population of 48,816 and a population density of 213 persons per km2. The total area is 229.00 km2.

It is also the seat of the Senkaku Islands administration, those islands being part of the territory of the city.
Preisler
Preisler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Axel Preisler (1871–1930), Danish architect

Dominik Preisler (born 1995), Czech footballer

Georg Martin Preisler (fl. 1750), German engraver

Jan Preisler, Czech artist

Johan Martin Preisler, German engraver

Georg Martin Preisler
Georg Martin Preisler (1700–1754) was a German engraver. Born in Nuremberg, he was the son of Johann Daniel Preisler. He was most notable for his portraits and a series of twenty-one engravings of classical and neo-classical sculptures in Rome, based on drawings made there by his brother Johan Martin Preisler.
Glåmdal District Court
Glåmdal District Court (Norwegian: Glåmdal tingrett) was a district court in Innlandet county, Norway. The court existed from 2006 until 2021. It served the Glåmdal area which included the municipalities of Kongsvinger, Eidskog, Sør-Odal, Nord-Odal, and Grue. The court was based in the town of Kongsvinger. Cases from this court could be appealed to Eidsivating Court of Appeal in Hamar.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Eidsivating Court of Appeal
The Eidsivating Court of Appeal (Norwegian: Eidsivating lagmannsrett) is one of six courts of appeal in the Kingdom of Norway. The Court is located in the city of Hamar, with jurisdiction over the Eidsivating judicial district (Norwegian: Eidsivating lagdømme), comprising the counties of Innlandet, Østfold, and most of Akershus (except for Lunner Municipality and Jevnaker Municipality). It can rule on both civil and criminal cases that are appealed from one of its subordinate district courts. Court decisions can, with limitations, be appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway. The chief judicial officer of the court (Norwegian: førstelagmann) is Nina Sollie.  The court is administered by the Norwegian National Courts Administration.
Mono National Forest
Mono National Forest was established by the U.S. Forest Service in California and Nevada on July 1, 1908 with 659,456 acres (2,668.72 km2), almost all in California, from parts of Inyo, Toiyabe, Stanislaus and Sierra National Forests. On July 1, 1945 the entire forest was divided between Inyo and Toiyabe and the name was discontinued.

Stanislaus National Forest
Stanislaus National Forest is a U.S. national forest which manages 898,099 acres (1,403.3 sq mi; 3,634.5 km2) of land in four counties in the Sierra Nevada in Northern California. It was established on February 22, 1897, making it one of the oldest national forests. It was named after the Stanislaus River.
Neil Hardwick
Robert Neil Hardwick (born 22 July 1948 in Teversal, Sutton-in-Ashfield, England) is a British-born Finnish theatre and TV director and writer. He was raised in Teversal, near Nottingham. His father was a teacher, and Neil Hardwick has described himself as "a second generation non-miner".

Teversal
Teversal is a village in the Ashfield district of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies north of Sutton-in-Ashfield and 3 miles (5 km) west of Mansfield. It is close to the boundary with Derbyshire. Former names include Tevershalt, Teversholt, Tyversholtee, Teversale, Tevershall and Teversall. Teversal Manor is said to have inspired D. H. Lawrence to write his book Lady Chatterley's Lover.
Giant's Causeway (District Electoral Area)
Giant's Causeway was one of the three district electoral areas in Moyle, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Moyle District Council, and formed part of the North Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Moyle Area B which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Ballylough, Bushmills, Carnmoon, Dunservick and Moss-Side and Moyarget. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and divided between The Glens DEA and the new Causeway DEA.

2014 Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council election
The first election to Causeway Coast and Glens District Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 22 May 2014, returned 40 members to the newly formed council via Single Transferable Vote. The Democratic Unionist Party won a plurality of first-preference votes and seats.
Boyle River (New Zealand)
The Boyle River is a river of New Zealand. A tributary of the Hope River, it flows south, then west before curving round to the southeast and then joining with the Hope. State Highway 7 follows the course of the river for some distance south of the Lewis Pass; the pass itself is located less than five kilometres to the west of the river's source. The upper reaches of the river form a deep valley between the Opera Range and the Libretto Range.

State Highway 7 (New Zealand)
State Highway 7 is a major New Zealand state highway. One of the eight national highways, it crosses the Southern Alps to link the West Coast Region with Canterbury and to form a link between the South Island's two longest highways, State Highway 1 and State Highway 6. Distances are measured from east to west with the major junction list going from east to west.

For most of its length SH 7 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, both in rural and urban areas. There are a number of passing lanes at irregular intervals through the rural sections. The New Zealand Transport Agency classifies SH 7 as a primary collector highway, preferring State Highway 73 via Arthur's Pass as the strategic highway between Canterbury and the West Coast.
John Dennis (1807–1859)
John Dennis (1807 – November 1, 1859) was an American politician. Born at "Beckford", near Princess Anne, Maryland, he completed preparatory and law studies. After being admitted to the bar, he commenced the practice of law and also engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1835 to 1836, and was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1841. He later served as a delegate to the State constitutional convention of 1850. He died at his place of birth, "Beckford".

Dennis was the son of John Dennis (1771–1806) and cousin of Littleton Purnell Dennis, both of whom also represented Maryland in the Congress.

Princess Anne, Maryland
Princess Anne is a town in Somerset County, Maryland, United States, that also serves as its county seat. As of the 2020 census, Princess Anne had a population of 3,446. It is included in the Salisbury, Maryland–Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to the University of Maryland Eastern Shore and the Teackle Mansion.
Mount Cook Airline
Mount Cook Airline was a regional airline based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Formerly part of the Mount Cook Group and latterly a subsidiary of Air New Zealand, it operated scheduled services throughout the country under the Air New Zealand Link brand. In December 2019, the brand name was retired with all services operated under the Air New Zealand banner.

Te Anau
Te Anau is a town in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. In Māori, Te-Anau means the Place of the Swirling Waters. It is on the eastern shore of Lake Te Anau in Fiordland. Te Anau is 155 kilometres north of  Invercargill and 171 kilometres  to the southwest of Queenstown (via state highway 6). Manapouri lies 21 kilometres to the south. Te Anau lies at the southern end of the Milford Road, (State Highway 94) 117 kilometres to the south of Milford Sound.
Ceutorhynchus americanus
Ceutorhynchus americanus is a species of true weevils in the tribe Ceutorhynchini. It is found in Alaska, United States, as well as Ontario, Canada. It feeds on the stems of Raphanus raphanistrum.

Feeding habits and host plants

Seeing as Raphanus species are not native in the same distribution as the listed C. americanus' native distribution one can assume this species' main host plant isn't Raphanus sp. but merely able to generally browse on Raphanus sp. It has also been observed by amateur observers on garlic mustard, fawn lily,  and day lily. More studies are needed to learn the feeding habits of this species. Though species in this genus have been looked at as a biological control against Garlic mustard in the past.

Daylily
A daylily, day lily or ditch-lily is a flowering plant in the genus Hemerocallis /ˌhɛmɪroʊˈkælɪs/, a member of the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, native to Asia. Despite the common name, it is not taxonomically classified in the lily genus. Gardening enthusiasts and horticulturists have long bred Hemerocallis species for their attractive flowers; a select few species of the genus have edible petals, while some are extremely toxic. Thousands of cultivars have been registered by the American Daylily Society, the only internationally recognized registrant according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The plants are perennial, bulbous plants, whose common name alludes to its flowers, which typically last about a day.
John Snell
Sir John Snell (1629 – 6 August 1679), founder of the Snell Exhibitions at the University of Oxford, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, the son of a blacksmith. He attended the University of Glasgow from 1642 to 1644.

He joined the royalists during the English Civil War, and fought in several battles, including the Battle of Worcester. Thereafter he took refuge in Cheshire, where he met Sir Orlando Bridgeman, whose clerk he became, being raised to the offices of court-crier and seal-bearer as his patron was promoted to those of judge and Lord Keeper.

Later he was secretary to the Duke of Monmouth and had the management of his Scottish estates. He died at Oxford in 1679 and was buried in St Cross Church, Oxford, leaving a bequest for sending students from the University of Glasgow to an Oxford college or hall. The Court of Chancery decided in 1693 that Balliol should receive the beneficiaries. Adam Smith was one beneficiary of the Snell Scholarship.

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
General James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was an English Army officer and courtier. Originally called James Crofts or James Fitzroy, he was born in Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the eldest illegitimate son of Charles II of England with his mistress Lucy Walter.

The Duke of Monmouth served in the Second Anglo-Dutch War and commanded English troops taking part in the Third Anglo-Dutch War before commanding the Anglo-Dutch brigade fighting in the Franco-Dutch War. He led the unsuccessful Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, an attempt to depose his uncle King James II and VII. After one of his officers declared Monmouth the legitimate king in the town of Taunton in Somerset, Monmouth attempted to capitalise on his Protestantism and his position as the son of Charles II, in opposition to James, who had become a Roman Catholic. The rebellion failed, and Monmouth was beheaded for treason on 15 July 1685.
Fleming D. Cheshire
Fleming Duncan Cheshire (March 4, 1849 – June 13, 1922), also known as Fleming D. Cheshire, was an American businessman, foreign language interpreter and Consul-General of the United States to China. As the Chinese Secretary to legation during the Boxer Rebellion, Cheshire and other western diplomatic legations were under siege in Beijing until rescued by the China Relief Expedition.
In the rebellion's aftermath, Cheshire was instrumental in the adoption of America's first educational exchange program with China and oversaw the commencement of trade relations between the two nations. Fleming D. Cheshire served in the Consular Service of the United States for 38 years. He is the grand-uncle of jazz musician Andrew Cheshire.

China Relief Expedition
The China Relief Expedition was an expedition in China undertaken by the United States Armed Forces to rescue United States citizens, European nationals, and other foreign nationals during the latter years of the Boxer Rebellion, which lasted from 1898 to 1901. The China Relief Expedition was part of a multi-national military effort known as the Eight-Nation Alliance to which the United States contributed troops between 1900 and 1901. Towards the close of the expedition, the focus shifted from rescuing non-combatants to suppressing the rebellion. By 1902, at least in the city of Beijing (Peking), the Boxer Rebellion had been effectively controlled.
Wei Hu Koh
Wei Hu Koh is an electrical engineer from Pacrim Technology in Irvine, California. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his development of three-dimensional multichip modules and flip chip interconnects.

Multi-chip module
A multi-chip module (MCM) is generically an electronic assembly (such as a package with a number of conductor terminals or "pins") where multiple integrated circuits (ICs or "chips"), semiconductor dice and/or other discrete components are integrated, usually onto a unifying substrate, so that in use it can be treated as if it were a larger IC. Other terms for MCM packaging include "heterogeneous integration" or "hybrid integrated circuit". The advantage of using MCM packaging is it allows a manufacturer to use multiple components for modularity and/or to improve yields over a conventional monolithic IC approach.

A Flip Chip Multi-Chip Module (FCMCM) is a multi-chip module that uses flip chip technology. A FCMCM may have one large die and several smaller dice all on the same module.