hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karim Shukurov
Shukurov Karim Karam oglu (Şükürov Kərim Kərəm oğlu; born May 10, 1956) is an Azerbaijani historian, doctor of Historical Science, professor, laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Azerbaijan, general director of the History and Ethnology Institute named after A. A. Bakikhanov of ANAS, chairman of the Scientific Council of the institute, and professor of the Azerbaijan University of Tourism and Management.

He studied the legal and political issues of population migration between Iran and the Russian Empire, the dynamics and location of migrants, the sources and historiography of population studies, and the historical demography of Azerbaijan.

Population study
Population study is an interdisciplinary field of scientific study that uses various statistical methods and models to analyse, determine, address, and predict population challenges and trends from data collected through various data collection methods such as population census, registration method, sampling, and some other systems of data sources. In the various fields of healthcare, a population study is a study of a group of individuals taken from the general population who share a common characteristic, such as age, sex, or health condition. This group may be studied for different reasons, such as their response to a drug or risk of getting a disease.

This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms. U.S. National Cancer Institute.
New Birth Missionary Baptist Church
New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, also known as New Birth Cathedral, is a progressive charismatic Christian Baptist megachurch in Stonecrest, DeKalb County, Georgia. Celebrity pastor Jamal Bryant is the senior pastor since 2018.

DeKalb County, Georgia
DeKalb County (/dəˈkæb/ də-KAB, /diːˈ-/ dee-) is located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 764,382, making it Georgia's fourth-most populous county. Its county seat is Decatur.

DeKalb County is a core county of the Atlanta metropolitan area. It contains roughly 10% of the city of Atlanta (the other 90% lies in Fulton County). Stonecrest is the largest city that is entirely within the county. DeKalb is primarily a suburban county.

In recent years, some communities in North DeKalb have incorporated, following a trend in other suburban areas around Metro Atlanta. Stonecrest, Dunwoody and Brookhaven are now the largest cities that are entirely contained within the county.
Konishi anomaly
In theoretical physics, the Konishi anomaly is the violation of the conservation of the Noether current associated with certain transformations in theories with N=1 supersymmetry. More precisely, this transformation changes the phase of a chiral superfield. It shouldn't be confused with the R-symmetry that also depends on the fermionic superspace variables. The divergence of the corresponding Noether current for the Konishi transformation is nonzero but can be exactly expressed using the superpotential.

Konishi anomaly is named after its discoverer Kenichi Konishi, who is currently full professor of Theoretical Physics at the  Physics Department E.Fermi of University of Pisa, Italy.

Superspace
Superspace is the coordinate space of a theory exhibiting supersymmetry. In such a formulation, along with ordinary space dimensions x, y, z, ..., there are also "anticommuting" dimensions whose coordinates are labeled in Grassmann numbers rather than real numbers. The ordinary space dimensions correspond to bosonic degrees of freedom, the anticommuting dimensions to fermionic degrees of freedom.

The word "superspace" was first used by John Wheeler in an unrelated sense to describe the configuration space of general relativity; for example, this usage may be seen in his 1973 textbook Gravitation.
Kundan
Kundan, meaning pure gold, is a traditional form of Indian gemstone jewellery involving a gem set with a gold foil between the stones and its mount, usually for elaborate necklaces and other jewellery.

Gold leaf
Gold leaf is gold that has been hammered into thin sheets (usually around 0.1 μm thick) by a process known as goldbeating, for use in gilding.

Gold leaf is a type of metal leaf, but the term is rarely used when referring to gold leaf. The term metal leaf is normally used for thin sheets of metal of any color that do not contain any real gold. Gold leaf is available in a wide variety of karats and shades. The most commonly used gold is 23-karat gold.

Traditional water gilding is the most difficult and highly regarded form of gold leafing. It has remained virtually unchanged for hundreds of years and is still done by hand.
Figure skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
Figure skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the Centre intercommunal de glace de Malley in Lausanne, Switzerland from 10 to 15 January 2020.

Unique to the Youth Olympic Games was a mixed NOC team trophy competition.

Mixed-NOCs at the Youth Olympics
Mixed-NOCs (IOC code: MIX) are Youth Olympic Games teams consisting of athletes representing different National Olympic Committees (NOCs). The concept of mixed-NOCs was introduced at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, in which athletes from different nations would compete in the same team. It was also used in multiple sports at the Winter Youth Olympics since 2012.
Elippathayam
Elippathayam (Translation: The Rat Trap) is a 1982 Malayalam film written and directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan. It stars Karamana Janardanan Nair, Sharada, Jalaja, and Rajam K. Nair. The film documents the feudal life in Kerala at its twilight overshadowed with grief, and a sense of carelessness/avoidance as a form of revolt. The protagonist is disenfranchised and trapped within himself and does not want to - unable to change with the social changes taking place around him. The film premiered at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. It was also screened at the London Film Festival where it won the Sutherland Trophy.

BFI London Film Festival
The BFI London Film Festival is an annual film festival held in London, England, in collaboration with the British Film Institute. Founded in 1957, the festival runs for two weeks every October.

In 2016, the BFI estimated that around 240 feature films and 150 short films from more than 70 countries are screened at the festival each year.
Ramkali
Raga Ramkali is  a raga in Hindustani classical music and can be themed around soothing things a man would say to please a discontent wife, it is an early morning raga belonging to Bhairav Thaat. In this raga, as in Bhairav, Rishabh and Dhaivat are Komal(flat), but the Teevra  and the flat nishad are added.
The vadi-samvadi are Pancham and Shadja.
The aroha is S r G M P, G M d N S' and the avroha is S' N d P m P, d (N)d P, G M r S. Flat nishad (seventh degree) and sharp madhyama (fourth degree) are used often.

Ramkali also appears in Sikh tradition in North India and is a part of Sikh Scripture Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Another form of this Raga present in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is 'Raga Ramkali Dakhni'.

Flat (music)
In music, flat means lower in pitch. The flat symbol, ♭, indicates that the note to which it is applied is played one chromatic semitone lower. The opposite of flat is sharp, indicating a raising of pitch.

The flat symbol (♭) appears in key signatures to indicate which notes are flat throughout a section of music, and also in front of individual notes as an accidental, indicating that the note is flat until the next bar line.
Yuzawa, Akita
Yuzawa (湯沢市, Yuzawa-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2023, the city had an estimated population of 41,404 in 17,551 households and a population density of 52 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 790.91 km2 (305.37 sq mi). Yuzawa claims to be the birthplace of the famous Heian period poet Ono no Komachi.

Ono no Komachi
Ono no Komachi (小野 小町; Japanese pronunciation: [o.no no koꜜ.ma.tɕi], c. 825 – c. 900) was a Japanese waka poet, one of the Rokkasen—the six best waka poets of the early Heian period. She was renowned for her unusual beauty, and Komachi is today a synonym for feminine beauty in Japan. She also counts among the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals.
Imgu Pung clan
The Imgu Pung clan (Korean: 임구 풍씨; Hanja: 臨朐 馮氏) is a Korean clan (Bon-gwan). The clan was located in Linqu County, Weifang, Shandong, China.

According to research carried out in 2015, the Imgu Pung clan had 592 members. The clan was founded by Pung Sam sa who belonged to the Linqu people of the Ming dynasty. When the Ming dynasty was replaced by the Qing dynasty, Pung Sam sa was captured and detained in Shenyang. He was captured following his rebellion against the Qing dynasty, hoping to reinstate the Ming dynasty. Following his incarceration, he moved and was naturalized in Joseon with Hyojong of Joseon, who became a hostage during Qing invasion of Joseon.

Qing invasion of Joseon
The Qing invasion of Joseon (Korean: 병자호란; Hanja: 丙子胡亂) occurred in the winter of 1636 when the newly established Manchu-led Qing dynasty invaded the Joseon dynasty of Korea, establishing the former's status as the hegemon in the Imperial Chinese tributary system and formally severing Joseon's relationship with the Han-led Ming dynasty. The invasion was preceded by the Later Jin invasion of Joseon in 1627.

The invasion resulted in a Qing victory. Joseon was forced to establish a tributary relationship with the Qing, as well as to cut ties with the declining Ming. The crown prince of Joseon along with his younger brother were taken as hostages, but they came back to Joseon after a few years. One of the two later became the King Hyojong. He is best known for his plan for an expedition to the Qing.
Free Life (album)
Free Life is the solo debut album by Dan Wilson, the frontman of the rock band Semisonic. It was released on October 16, 2007 by American Recordings. Produced with Rick Rubin, Free Life was recorded in Minneapolis and Los Angeles and includes performances by Tracy Bonham, Sheryl Crow, Jason Lader, Gary Louris, Natalie Maines, Benmont Tench, Jonny Polonsky, and a number of Minneapolis-based musicians including multi-instrumentalist and frequent Semisonic sideman Ken Chastain, Eric Fawcett, John Hermanson, Joanna James, Mason Jennings, Steve Rhoem, Joe Savage, as well as Wilson's Semisonic bandmates John Munson and Jacob Slichter.

Free Life helped establish Wilson's reputation as a songwriter, with The A.V. Club writing, "the star of the show here is Wilson's remarkable instinct for creating gorgeous songs, and his unabashed, obvious joy in doing so. For anyone worried that songcraft is an endangered species, Free Life should ease those fears."

Ken Chastain
Kenneth Lee Chastain (born October 15, 1964, Hanover, New Hampshire) is a musician, engineer, and producer currently living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is featured on percussion on Ziggy Marley's Love Is My Religion album and many other well-known artists' works. Chastain also composes, produces, engineers, and mixes for TV and film projects, most notably the movie Sweet Land.
Cold Spring Bridge
Cold Spring Bridge is a historic concrete open-spandrel arch bridge located at Whitehall Township and North Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. The bridge was built in 1930, and is a 228-foot-long (69 m) bridge, with a single 160-foot-long (49 m) arch consisting of six symmetrically placed spandrel arches.

The bridge  crosses Spring Creek.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

In 2014, the bridge was considered to be structurally deficient and scheduled to be replaced by a three span bulb T-beam bridge costing $3.8 million.  It had an average daily traffic volume of 2,461 vehicles.

Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania
Whitehall Township is a township with home rule status in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 29,173 as of the 2020 census.

Whitehall Township is a suburb of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan region, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

The township is 4.4 miles (7.1 km) north of Allentown, 64.1 miles (103.2 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 93.7 miles (150.8 km) west of New York City.
Calcutt, Wiltshire
Calcutt is a hamlet about 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) east of Cricklade in Wiltshire, England. It lies near the River Thames and is divided by the A419 Swindon-Cricklade-Cirencester road.

The River Key passes close to the west of the hamlet and joins the Thames a short distance to the north.

The Domesday Book of 1086 records a small settlement of nine households at Colecote, held by Odo of Winchester. The Andrews and Dury map of 1773 and again in 1810 has the name of the hamlet as Corkett, while the Ordnance Survey map in the 1890s has Calcott (not to be confused with Calcott, Kent or Calcott, Shropshire).

Calcutt has two Grade II* listed buildings: Calcutt Court Farmhouse, south of the A419, from the 18th century; and Calcutt Farmhouse, north of the road, from the late 18th or early 19th.

Calcott, Kent
Calcott is a hamlet in the civil parish of Sturry, in the Canterbury district of the county of Kent, England. It lies on the A291 road, about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) north of Sturry and 3 miles (5 km) south of Herne Bay.

51°19′16″N 1°07′07″E﻿ / ﻿51.3212°N 1.1187°E﻿ / 51.3212; 1.1187
Nyambo language
The Nyambo, or Ragwe, are a Bantu ethnic and linguistic group based in the Karagwe District of Kagera Region in far northwestern Tanzania.  The Nyambo population is estimated to number 670,000. Their closest relatives are the Haya people.

Kagera Region
Kagera Region (Mkoa wa Kagera in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,686 km2 (13,778 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the land area of the Netherlands. Kagera Region is bordered to the east by Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region and Mara Region. The region is bordered to the south by Geita Region and Kigoma Region. Lastly, Kagera borders Rwanda to the west, Uganda to the north and Burundi to the south west.
The regional capital city is Bukoba. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,989,299, an increase from 2,458,023 recorded in 2012.
2013 5-hour Energy 200 (June)
The 2013 5-hour Energy 200 was the 11th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 1, 2013, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1 mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Joey Logano, driving for Penske Racing, erased a five-second deficit with pit strategy and would go on to win his 19th career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Brian Vickers and Matt Kenseth of Joe Gibbs Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

Team Penske
Team Penske (formerly known as Penske Racing) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR Cup Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The team made its competitive debut at the 1966 24 Hours of Daytona and has since participated in a wide range of professional motorsport disciplines, including Formula One, Can-Am, Trans-Am, and Australia's Supercars Championship. Over the course of its history, Team Penske has amassed more than 500 race victories and secured over 40 championships across various categories of auto racing. The team operates as a division of Penske Corporation and is owned and chaired by Roger Penske.
Catholic funeral
A Catholic funeral is carried out in accordance with the prescribed rites of the Catholic Church. Such funerals are referred to in Catholic canon law as "ecclesiastical funerals" and are dealt with in canons 1176–1185 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, and in canons 874–879 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. In Catholic funerals, the Church "seeks spiritual support for the deceased, honors their bodies, and at the same time brings the solace of hope to the living." The Second Vatican Council in its Constitution on the Liturgy decreed: "The rite for the burial of the dead should express more clearly the paschal character of Christian death, and should correspond more closely to the circumstances and traditions found in various regions.": 81

Roman Missal
The Roman Missal (Latin: Missale Romanum) is the title of several missals used in the celebration of the Roman Rite. Along with other liturgical books of the Roman Rite, the Roman Missal contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the most common liturgy and Mass of the Catholic Church.
Philodendron bipinnatifidum
Philodendron bipinnatifidum, synonyms including Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum and Philodendron selloanum, (common names: split-leaf philodendron, lacy tree philodendron, selloum, horsehead philodendron, guaimbé) is a plant in the genus Philodendron, in the family Araceae. The species is native to South America, namely to Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay, but is also cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates.

The common name "split-leaf philodendron" is also used for Monstera deliciosa.

Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3,750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
Nomthandazo
Nomthandazo (Mthandazo male) is a feminine given name derived from the Nguni word thandaza, meaning "pray". Shortened familiar versions include Thandi or Thandie.

Notable people with the name include:

Sonia Nomthandazo Mbele (born 1976), South African actress

Purity Nomthandazo Malinga (born 1958), Methodist reverend

Nomthandazo Zuma, South African beauty queen, Miss Durban 2024

Sonia Mbele
Sonia Mbele is a South African actress, model, tv producer and entrepreneur. She produced the first ever Real Housewives franchise in Africa, and is the executive producer for The Real Housewives of Johannesburg.
Paul Hoffman (English writer)
Paul Hoffman (born 1953) is an author, who wrote the Left Hand of God trilogy.

He studied English at New College, Oxford. Paul Hoffman wrote the script for the 1998 vampire film The Wisdom of Crocodiles with Jude Law, Timothy Spall and Elina Löwensohn. A portion of his first novel was loosely based on the film of the same name. His second novel, a dark comedy entitled The Golden Age of Censorship, was based on his experience as a film censor at the British Board of Film Classification.

Elina Löwensohn
Elina Löwensohn (born 11 July 1966) is a Romanian-American actress. She had roles in the films Simple Men (1992), Schindler's List (1993), Amateur (1994), Nadja (1994) and The Wisdom of Crocodiles (1998).
Cycloalkylamine
Cycloalkylamines are chemical compounds featuring a cycloalkyl group and an amine. Some examples include propylhexedrine, cyclopentamine, cypenamine, and tranylcypromine. Some chemicals act as stimulants.

Propylhexedrine
Propylhexedrine, sold under the brand name Benzedrex among others, is an alkylamine primarily utilized as a topical decongestant. Its main indications are relief of congestion due to colds, allergies, and allergic rhinitis. Propylhexedrine was first used medically in 1949, with the release of Benzedrex by Smith, Kline & French,  and it has been used, mainly within the United States, since then.
Poffenbarger
Notable persons with the last name Poffenbarger include:

George Poffenbarger (1861–1951), justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court

Livia Simpson Poffenbarger (1862–1937), newspaper editor/owner, historian, social and political activist and wife of George Poffenbarger

Saylor Poffenbarger (born 2003), American basketball player

Notable persons with variants of the name:

Albert Poffenberger (1885–1977), American psychologist

Boots Poffenberger (1915–1999), American baseball pitcher

Virginia Poffenberger (1934–2013), American politician from Iowa

Virginia Poffenberger
Virginia Joy Poffenberger was an American politician.

Virginia Joy was a native of Perry, Iowa, born to parents Charles and Lorraine on 12 November 1934. Joy attended Iowa State University, graduating with a degree in home economics in 1957, and was later employed at Drake University. She married Richard Poffenberger shortly after completing her undergraduate degree. The couple raised three children. After her children had graduated from high school, Poffenberger returned to Drake as a student. She earned a Juris Doctor from Drake University Law School in 1978, and began practicing law alongside relatives in Perry. Poffenberger was a Republican member of the Iowa House of Representatives from District 57 between 1979 and 1983. The Poffenbergers retired to Tierra Verde, Florida, in 1999. She died on 3 October 2013.

Poffenberger was a Methodist.
Minibloq
Minibloq is a graphical development environment for Arduino and other platforms. Its main objective is to help in teaching programming. It is specially used in robotics at elementary, middle and high schools. It's widely used in Argentina, where in the San Luis province alone, more than 60000 children have been trained with this software in public schools.

San Luis Province
San Luis (Spanish pronunciation: [san ˈlwis]) is a province of Argentina located near the geographical center of the country (on the 32° South parallel). Neighboring provinces are, from the north clockwise, La Rioja, Córdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza and San Juan.
Viral symphOny
viral symphOny is a collaborative electronic noise music symphony created by the postconceptual artist Joseph Nechvatal. It was created between the years 2006 and 2008 using custom artificial life C++ software based on the viral phenomenon model. It is 1 hour and 40 minutes in length. The first movement of viral symphOny - and raw viral field material - was released in 2006 as a CD by The Institute for Electronic Arts in Alfred, New York. A low resolution extract from the pOstmOrtem section of viral symphOny was published in NME (The New Musical Express) magazine.

Post-conceptual art
Post-conceptual, postconceptual, post-conceptualism or postconceptualism is an art theory that builds upon the legacy of conceptual art in contemporary art, where the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take some precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The term first came into art school parlance through the influence of John Baldessari at the California Institute of the Arts in the early 1970s. The writer Eldritch Priest, specifically ties John Baldessari's piece Throwing four balls in the air to get a square (best of 36 tries) from 1973 (in which the artist attempted to do just that, photographing the results, and eventually selecting the best out of 36 tries, with 36 being the determining number as that is the standard number of shots on a roll of 35mm film) as an early example of post-conceptual art. It is now often connected to generative art and digital art production.
Georges Gabriel Thenon
Georges Gabriel Thenon, pen name and stage name Rip, (28 February 1884  – 25 May 1941 ) was a French chansonnier, draughtsman, librettist and revue creator. Rip wrote successful revues   some of which were interpreted inter alia by Mistinguett, Raimu, Arletty, Michel Simon.

Arletty
Léonie Marie Julie Bathiat (15 May 1898 – 23 July 1992), known professionally as Arletty, was a French actress, singer, and fashion model. As an actress she is particularly known for classics directed by Marcel Carné, including Hotel du Nord (1938), Le jour se lève (1939) and Children of Paradise (1945). She was found guilty of treason for an affair with a German officer during World War II.