hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Galileo's ship
Galileo's ship refers to two physics experiments, a thought experiment and an actual experiment, by Galileo Galilei, the 16th- and 17th-century physicist and astronomer. The experiments were created to argue for the idea of a rotating Earth, as opposed to a stationary Earth around which the Sun, planets, and stars rotate.

An argument that was used at the time was that, if the Earth were rotating, there would be detectable effects on the trajectories of projectiles or falling bodies.

Trajectory
A trajectory is the path an object takes through its motion over time. In classical mechanics, a trajectory is defined by Hamiltonian mechanics via canonical coordinates; hence, a complete trajectory is defined by position and momentum, simultaneously.

The object as a mass might be a projectile or a satellite. For example, it can be an orbit — the path of a planet, asteroid, or comet as it travels around a central mass.

In control theory, a trajectory is a time-ordered set of states of a dynamical system (see e.g. Poincaré map). In discrete mathematics, a trajectory is a sequence  of values calculated by the iterated application of a mapping  to an element  of its source.
VRIL
VRIL is the sixth official album by SCH. Following a seven-year hiatus, Teno resumed activity in 2002, with a new electronic sound. According to the official SCH discography, "VRIL is a concept album that deals with the occult, space, aliens, secret societies, high politics, VRIL energy and other 'dangerous matters'."

Ognjen Tvrtković, in Ljiljan, describes how SCH's previous "guitar noise" has been replaced by electronic instrumentation and sampling: "Once again we face an exploration of monotony, a minimalist research into rhythmic and melodic forms, tracks infused with a maximally claustrophobic atmosphere, and surreal imagery adopted from science fiction tomes...[t]ake Nazi UFO, [for example] a veritable little electronic symphony during which Hadžimusić develops his minimalist aesthetic of endless repetitiveness of rhythmic and melodic lines to the outer limits, a method he resorts to on a number of tracks here."

Secret society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, membership, and sometimes also existence, are concealed. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.

Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world.
Julián Horta
Julián Stiven Horta Acevedo (born 15 August 1999) is a Colombian of Portuguese descent Greco-Roman wrestler. He won the 2020 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament in the 67 kg category, thus qualifying for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the 67 kg event.

Horta won the bronze medal in his event at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia. He competed in the 67 kg event at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia. He won the gold medal in his event at the 2022 South American Games held in Asunción, Paraguay.

Horta won a bronze medal in his event at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Acapulco, Mexico. A few days later, he competed at the 2024 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament held in Acapulco, Mexico hoping to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. He was eliminated in his second match.

2024 Pan American Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament
The 2024 Olympic Wrestling Pan American Qualification Tournament was the first regional qualifying tournament for the 2024 Summer Olympics. The event was held from 28 February to 1 March 2024, at Expo Mundo Imperial in Acapulco, Mexico.
Bricostore
Bricostore was a French home improvement retailer which operated stores in France, Hungary, Romania and Croatia. Founded by the French Bresson family in Paris in 1991, the company operated 7 stores in France until 2001, when they sold 6 stores to Bricorama and closed the remaining one.

In Hungary, Bricostore opened its first store in 1999 and had a total of 9 stores. The stores were closed in 2012 and subsequently sold to other retailers and companies, such as OBI who bought 3 stores.

Bricostore opened the first store in Romania in March 2002 and reached 15 stores in March 2011. In April 2013, the British Kingfisher bought the stores for 75 million euro and rebranded them as Brico Dépôt.

Bricostore in Croatia was opened in 2004 and later opened another 2 stores. The stores were closed in 2013. Stores in Kaštel Sućurac and Zagreb were rebranded to Pevex, and store in Pula was rebranded to Bauhaus.

Pula
Pula, also known as Pola, its Italian name, is the largest city in Istria County, western Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula in western Croatia, with a population of 52,220 in 2021. It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is the Pula Arena, one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters. The city has a long tradition of wine making, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. It was the administrative centre of Istria from ancient Roman times until superseded by Pazin in 1991.
Doping in chess
Doping in chess involves the use of performance-enhancing substances in the game of chess, especially in a professional competitive context. Whether such drugs can actually be used to enhance performance in chess had been the subject of considerable debate and controversy until it was proven in a 2017 study. Drug tests are carried out in major International Chess Federation (FIDE) competitions such as the Chess Olympiads and World Chess Championships.

Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.

Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized athletic organizations. This usage is often referred to as doping. Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred to as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics, are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance.
Tāng (surname)
Tang (/tɑːŋ/; simplified Chinese: 汤; traditional Chinese: 湯; pinyin: Tāng) is a Chinese surname. It is the 72nd surname in the Hundred Family Surnames of the Song dynasty and the 101st most common surname in China in 2013. The Tang family name traces its lineage from Tang of Shang, the first ruler of the Shang dynasty. In modern times the character can also mean "soup" or "broth". In Cantonese, the surname is pronounced Tong1 (in Jyutping), and in Hokkien, it is pronounced Thng (in Pe̍h-ōe-jī).

Broth
Broth, also known as bouillon (French pronunciation: [bujɔ̃] ⓘ), is a savory liquid made of water in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been simmered for a period of time. It can be eaten alone, but it is most commonly used to prepare other dishes, such as soups, gravies, and sauces.

Commercially prepared liquid broths are available, typically chicken, beef, fish, and vegetable varieties. Dehydrated broth in the form of bouillon cubes was commercialized beginning in the early 20th century.
Ned Goodwin
Ned Goodwin (born 15 April 1969) is an English-born Australian-raised Master of Wine. He has worked as a sommelier, educator, show judge, consultant, face of All Nippon Airways Business and First Class, TV wine show host and wine writer. In 2010 he became one of a few Masters of Wine in Asia, and was the first in Japan. He now lives in Sydney, Australia, and is the host of Langton’s TV, a Champagne Ambassador, a quality advisor for Biondi-Santi-Santi, owner of his own import company in Tokyo, educator and a member of the international jury of Australia’s Wine List of the Year Awards.

Executive Style magazine is quoted as saying that he is "ideally placed to gauge what wines work best with Japanese food". Goodwin has said that “while Japanese food and wine are not traditional brethren, an open minded yet sensitive understanding of the dominant flavours – sweet and salty – and textural delicacy, allows both the food and astutely chosen wines to sing.”

Sommelier
A sommelier (UK: /ˈsɒməljeɪ, sɒˈmɛlieɪ/ SOM-əl-yay, som-EL-ee-ay, US: /ˌsʌməlˈjeɪ/ SUM-əl-YAY, French: [sɔməlje] ⓘ), chef de vin or wine steward, is a trained and knowledgeable wine professional, normally working in fine restaurants, who specializes in all aspects of wine service as well as wine and food pairing. The role of the sommelier in fine dining today is much more specialized and informed than that of a wine waiter. Sommeliers Australia states that the role is strategically on par with that of the chef de cuisine.
Sawi railway station
Sawi railway station is a railway station located in Na Pho Subdistrict, Sawi District, Chumphon. It is a class 2 railway station located 500.769 km (311.2 mi) from Bangkok railway station. It is the railway station with the shortest name in Thailand.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
Groop Dogdrill
Groop Dogdrill were an English rock band formed in the early 1990s in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, by Damien "Damo" Fowkes (bass), Pete Spiby (vocals/guitar) and Hugh "Hug" Kelly (drums). They achieved modest success, releasing a number of singles and two albums in between numerous tours of the UK, before finally splitting up in 2001.

Cable (British band)
Cable were an English indie rock band from Derby, who released three studio albums: Down-Lift the Up-Trodden (1996), When Animals Attack (1997) and Sub-Lingual (1999) on Infectious Records.

They split up in 1999, and briefly reformed in 2012.
Alana Cerne
Alana Cerne (born 11 December 2002) is an Australian soccer player, who is a defender and midfielder for Western Sydney Wanderers since 2025. She previously played for Western United in the A-League Women (2022–2025). Internationally, she has been a member of Australia women's national under-23 soccer team (U23 Matildas).

2025 ASEAN Women's Championship
The 2025 ASEAN Women's Championship (also called the ASEAN MSIG Serenity Cup 2025 for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the ASEAN Women's Championship (previously known as the AFF Women's Championship), an international women's football tournament organised by the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). This event was the first time a qualification tournament, the 2024 AFF Women's Cup, was held before the championship, and the first where a video assistant referee was used (in the knockout stage only).

The Philippines were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.

The Championship was won by the Australia women's national under-23 soccer team, their first title.
Pavilhão Serra Van-Dúnem
The Pavilhão Serra Van-Dunem is an Angolan indoor sporting arena located in Huambo. The arena, built on the occasion of the 2007 Afrobasket, along with the Pavilhão Acácias Rubras in Benguela, Pavilhão N.Sra do Monte in Huíla and the Pavilhão do Tafe in Cabinda, has a 2,010-seat capacity.

AfroBasket 2007
AfroBasket 2007 was the 24th FIBA Africa Championship, played under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Basketball, the basketball sport governing body of the African zone. The tournament was hosted by Angola, in the cities of Benguela, Cabinda, Huambo and Lubango.

Angola won its fifth consecutive African championship and ninth overall by beating Cameroon 86-72 in the championship game. Cape Verde won the bronze medal game over Egypt. Angola qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, whereas Cameroon and Cape Verde qualified for the 2008 Olympic qualifying tournament. Angola's Joaquim Gomes was awarded as the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
Elmer Kelton
Elmer Kelton (April 29, 1926 – August 22, 2009) was an American author, known for his Westerns.  He was born in Andrews County, Texas.

He graduated from the University of Texas in 1948.  Kelton worked as the farm and ranch editor of the San Angelo Standard-Times from 1948 to 1963.  He served as the associate editor of Livestock Weekly from 1968 to 1990. Kelton's memoir, Sandhills Boy, was published in 2007.

Kelton's novels won seven Spur Awards, from the Western Writers of America, and three Western Heritage Awards, from the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. He also received a Owen Wister Award for lifetime achievement.

Western Writers of America
Western Writers of America (WWA), founded 1953, promotes literature, both fictional and nonfictional, pertaining to the American West. Although its founders wrote traditional Western fiction, the more than 600 current members also include historians and other nonfiction writers, as well as authors from other genres.

WWA was founded by six authors, including D. B. Newton. It publishes the magazine Roundup.
Elvira Todua
Elvira Zurabovna Todua (Russian: Эльвира Зурабовна Тодуа; born 31 January 1986) is an Abkhazian, Georgian, Russian football goalkeeper who plays for CSKA Moscow of the Russian Women's Football Championship.

Todua became the Russia women's national football team's first-choice goalkeeper after making her debut in 2003. She competed at the UEFA Women's Championships in 2009 and 2013.

UEFA Women's Championship
The UEFA European Women's Championship, also called the UEFA Women's Euro, is the main competition in women's association football between national teams of the UEFA confederation. It is held every four years, one year after the men's. It was first held in 1984. The reigning champions are England, who won the tournament in 2022 and 2025. The most successful nation in the history of the tournament is Germany, with eight titles.
Raffl (surname)
Raffl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Errich Raffl, Austrian luger

Hansjörg Raffl (born 1958), Italian luger

Michael Raffl (born 1988), Austrian professional ice hockey

Peter Raffl (born 1960), Austrian ice hockey player and coach

Thomas Raffl (born 1986), Austrian ice hockey winger

Michael Raffl
Michael Raffl (born 1 December 1988) is an Austrian professional ice hockey left winger with EC Red Bull Salzburg of the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Washington Capitals and Dallas Stars, as well as in the Austrian ICE Hockey League (IceHL) with EC VSV and in the Swiss National League (NL) with Lausanne HC.
Kuyucu Murad Pasha
Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Ottoman Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger"; Serbo-Croatian: Murat-paša Kujudžić; 1530 – 1611) was an Ottoman Bosnian statesman who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I between December 9, 1606, and August 5, 1611. Maybe he was the fourth husband of Fatma Sultan, a daughter of Sultan Murad III (Ahmed I's grandfather). They married in 1611.

Aleppo Eyalet
Aleppo Eyalet (Arabic: إيالة حلب; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت حلب, romanized: Eyālet-i Ḥaleb) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. After the Ottoman conquest it was governed from Damascus, but by 1534 Aleppo was made the capital of a new eyalet. Its reported area in the 19th century was 8,451 square miles (21,890 km2). Its capital, Aleppo, was the third largest city of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th century.
Polish American Football Association
The Polish American Football Association or shortly PZFA (Polish: Stowarzyszenie Polski Związek Futbolu Amerykańskiego) was the national American football association in Poland, founded in November 2004.

The PZFA was a full member of the International and European federations. In 2020, it was replaced by the Association of American Football in Poland.

International Federation of American Football
The International Federation of American Football (IFAF) is the international governing body of American football associations. The IFAF oversees the organization and promotion of all international competitions across both contact and non contact versions of the game, including the IFAF World Championship, which is held every four years. The IFAF became a provisionary member of SportAccord in 2003, and became a full SportAccord member in 2005. In 2023, IFAF was officially recognized as an Olympic IF (International Federation) by the IOC. In 2023, IFAF marked a historic new streak, with flag football being selected as one of the five new sports for the LA 2028 Olympic Summer Games. The organization's head office relocated to Lausanne, Switzerland in 2026.
Heidelberg Manifesto
The Heidelberg Manifesto of 17 June 1981 was signed by 15 German university and college professors to warn about the "infiltration of the German people" and of the "Überfremdung" (roughly, 'over-foreignisation') of German language, culture and 'Volkstum' (roughly 'national/ethnic character'). It is widely deemed to have been the first time after 1945 that racism and xenophobia were publicly - albeit controversially - legitimised by academics in Germany.

Culture of Germany
The culture of Germany has been shaped by its central position in Europe and a history spanning over a millennium. Characterized by significant contributions to art, music, philosophy, religion, science, and technology, German culture is both diverse and influential. Historically, Germany was not a unified nation for long periods, leading to a wide variety of regional customs and traditions. From the medieval Holy Roman Empire to the modern Federal Republic, German culture has absorbed influences from across the continent and beyond. Key aspects include a strong emphasis on education and craftsmanship, a long literary tradition featuring figures like Goethe and Schiller, a musical heritage from Bach to Beethoven, and a philosophical legacy including Kant and Marx. Germany is also known for its numerous festivals, regional cuisines, and a commitment to preserving its historical heritage while embracing contemporary trends in art, architecture, and popular culture.
Duncan Graham (British politician)
Duncan McGregor Graham (31 March 1867 – 19 October 1942) was Labour MP for Hamilton from 1918 to his death.

Born in Airdrie, Graham was educated at various local school before becoming a miner in 1878.  He was elected as a checkweighman in 1892, and soon became active in the trade union movement.  He served as political organiser of the Scottish Miners' Federation from 1908 until 1918, when he was elected for the Labour Party in Hamilton.  That year, he also took up the post of general secretary of the Lanarkshire Miners' County Union, holding it for five years alongside his Parliamentary duties.

National Union of Scottish Mineworkers
The National Union of Scottish Mineworkers (NUSW) is a trade union in Scotland, founded in 1894 as the Scottish Miners Federation.  It joined the Miners' Federation of Great Britain, and in 1914 changed its name to National Union of Scottish Mineworkers.  It survives as the National Union of Mineworkers (Scotland Area).

During the 1920s and 1930s the union was strongly affected by socialist and communist leadership as its members fought for better wages and living conditions. During World War II, they strongly supported government with increased production from the mines. In 1944 with the establishment of the National Union of Mineworkers, the NUSM became its "Scottish Area," with less autonomy. In the late 20th century, the mining industry declined dramatically in Scotland and across Great Britain, putting thousands of men out of work.
7776 Takeishi
7776 Takeishi, provisional designation 1993 BF, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers (4 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 20 January 1993, by Japanese astronomer Takeshi Urata at the Nihondaira Observatory in Japan. The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.9 hours. It was named after Japanese amateur astronomer Masanori Takeishi.

Nihondaira Observatory
Nihondaira Observatory (also known as Oohira Station, observatory code: 385) is an astronomical observatory that is located on a hill overlooking Shimizu, Japan. It has been the source for numerous discoveries of minor planet by astronomer Takeshi Urata.

In 2007, the observatory was ranked 43rd in the number of asteroids discovered, with a total of 163, but has since lost its ranking, as the top 50 discovery sites have all discovered more than 400 bodies as of 2016. The International Astronomical Union's  code for the observatory is 385. The asteroid 2880 Nihondaira, discovered by astronomer Tsutomu Seki, is named for this observatory. It is often called by its location, Shizuoka.
Lesley Miller
Lesley Miller (born April 18, 1943) is an American singer and songwriter. As a recording artist, she released several singles between 1964 and 1969. As a backing vocalist, she has recorded for numerous artists such as Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr., Lena Horne, James Brown, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Burt Bacharach, Barry Manilow, Laura Nyro and Steely Dan. On occasion she has been credited as "Leslie Miller".

She has sung on movie soundtracks, such as the song "He Quit Me" (written by Warren Zevon as "She Quit Me") for the 1969 film Midnight Cowboy, and "Am I Blue?" from the 1984 film The Cotton Club for which she recorded the singing part of actress Diane Lane.

Miller has also worked extensively as a jingle singer, recording for clients such as State Farm Mutual, American Airlines, Budweiser, Coca-Cola, and McDonald's.

Budweiser
Budweiser (/ˈbʌdwaɪzər/) is an American-style pale lager, a brand of Belgian company AB InBev. Introduced in 1876 by Carl Conrad & Co. of St. Louis, Missouri, Budweiser is one of the largest selling beers in the United States. Budweiser is a filtered beer, available on draft and in bottles and cans, made with up to 30% rice in addition to hops and barley malt.

There is an ongoing series of trademark disputes between Anheuser-Busch and the Czech company Budweiser Budvar Brewery over the use of the name. Usually, either Anheuser-Busch or Budweiser Budvar is granted the exclusive use of the Budweiser name in a given market. The Anheuser-Busch lager is available in over 80 countries, but is marketed as "Bud" in areas where Budvar has use of the Budweiser name.
Hilbet
Hilbet (Tigrinya፡ ሕልበት) is a traditional food originating from the Tigray-Tigrinya people found in southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. It is a vegan food that is made from fava beans, fenugreek, lentil, and other spices that are ground into a powder. The Hilbet powder is then cooked and whipped to make a cream-like texture. At the center of the Hilbet it will have chill paper-based sauce and is eaten using Injera.

Its consumption is very widespread in the historic regions like Akkele Guzay and Agame.

Tigrinya language
Tigrinya, sometimes romanized according to Italian spelling rules as Tigrigna, is an Ethio-Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is primarily spoken by the Tigrinya and Tigrayan peoples, native to Eritrea and to the Tigray Region of Ethiopia, respectively. It is also spoken by the global diaspora of these regions.