hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
54th Division (People's Republic of China)
The 54th Division (Chinese: 第54师) was activated in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, from three independent regiments of Yuwansu Military District.

The division was a part of 18th Corps. Under the flag of 54th the division took part in the Chinese Civil War, including the Huaihai Campaign. In 1951 the division entered Tibet along with the Corps. Several detachments from the division took part in the Battle of Chamdo.

The division was then composed of:

172nd Infantry Regiment.

173rd Infantry Regiment.

174th Infantry Regiment.

In June 1955, the division was transferred out of Tibet and moved to Wuhan to form 1st Antiaircraft Artillery Division of Air Defense Force.

Battle of Chamdo
The Battle of Chamdo (or Qamdo; Chinese: 昌都战役) occurred from 6 to 24 October 1950. It was a military campaign by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to capture the Chamdo Region from a de facto independent Tibetan state. PRC victory led to the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China.
Common (liturgy)
The common or common of saints (Latin: commune sanctorum) is a part of the Christian liturgy that consists of texts common to an entire category of saints, such as apostles or martyrs. The term is used in contrast to the ordinary, which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or at least selected without regard to date, and to the proper, which is the part of the liturgy that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the liturgical year, or of a particular saint or significant event.

Commons contain collects, psalms, readings from scripture, prefaces, and other portions of services that are common to a category of saints. This contrasts with propers, which contain the same elements as commons, but are tailored to specific occasions or feasts. Commons may be used to celebrate lesser feasts and observances in the Church calendar.

Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

Within each religion, these texts are revered as authoritative sources of guidance, wisdom, and divine revelation. They are often regarded as sacred or holy, representing the core teachings and principles that their followers strive to uphold.
SMuFL
Standard Music Font Layout, or SMuFL, is an open standard for Unicode private use area music font mapping.
The standard was originally developed by Daniel Spreadbury of Steinberg for its scorewriter software Dorico, but is now developed and maintained by the W3C Music Notation Community Group, along with the standard for MusicXML (which, itself, supports SMuFL).

SMuFL is a substantial development beyond the previous de facto mapping standard created by Cleo Huggins in the Sonata font she designed for Adobe in 1985 (which was Adobe's first original typeface).

Numerous scorewriters support SMuFL (as of June 2021, these include Dorico, Finale and MuseScore but not LilyPond or Sibelius) and a number of free and commercial SMuFL-compliant fonts are available.

Bravura, designed by Daniel Spreadbury of Steinberg for Dorico and initially released in 2013, is the SMuFL reference font.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Seymour Railway Heritage Centre
The Seymour Railway Heritage Centre (SRHC) is a railway preservation group based in Seymour, Victoria, Australia. The volunteer non-profit incorporated association was established in 1983 as the Seymour Loco Steam Preservation Group to restore and preserve locomotives and rolling stock as used on the railways of Victoria. The name change had taken place by December 1996.

The group is an accredited railway operator under the Victorian Rail Safety Act 2006, permitting it to move trains within its own depot. The group is also accredited to maintain and provide rolling stock on the Victorian railway network, running charters, tourist and railfan specials across the state with their fleet of restored trains. Since the early 2000s, it is also a provider of locomotives to freight operator SSR, and previously Qube, SCT and El Zorro until the latter ceased trading.

Southern Shorthaul Railroad
Southern Shorthaul Railroad is an Australian rail freight services operator in New South Wales and Victoria. The company also provides workshop services, such as rolling stock manufacturing and wagon and locomotive maintenance.
Saved! (album)
Saved! is the fifth studio album by American avant-garde musician Kristin Hayter and the first under the alias Reverend Kristin Michael Hayter. It was released on October 20, 2023, through her own label, Perpetual Flame Ministries. It documents her attempt at salvation through religion, a topic featured heavily under her previous alias, Lingua Ignota. Hayter produced the album alongside Seth Manchester. Saved! received critical acclaim upon release, with critics praising Hayter's lyricism and delivery.

Avant-garde music
Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term avant-garde implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.
Management development
Management development is the process by which managers learn and improve their management skills. In organisational development, management effectiveness is recognized as a determinant of organisational success. Therefore, investment in management development can have a direct economic benefit to the organisation.

Chartered Management Institute
The Chartered Management Institute (CMI) is a professional institution for management based in the United Kingdom. It was founded as the British Institute of Management (BIM) in 1947 or 1948, merged with the Institution of Industrial Managers (IIM) in 1992 to form the Institute of Management (IM), and gained a royal charter, and its present name, in 2002.

The major membership classes are:

Member

Fellow – Senior most position for those with significant expertise

In addition to supporting its members, the organisation encourages management development, carries out research, produces a wide variety of publications on management interests, and publishes the official members' magazine, Professional Manager.  The institute also engages with government and other public bodies concerning policy on management and business related issues. Professional Manager magazine is circulated to over 80,000 members of the CMI.
Wells Airport
Wells Airport (FAA LID: 35C) is a privately owned, public-use airport located in Courtland Township three miles (5 km) northeast of the central business district of Rockford, in Kent County, Michigan, United States.

Kent County, Michigan
Kent County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 657,974, making it the fourth most populous county in Michigan, and the largest outside of the Detroit area. Its county seat is Grand Rapids. The county was set off in 1831, and organized in 1836. It is named for New York jurist and legal scholar James Kent, who represented the Michigan Territory in its dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip.

Kent County is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is West Michigan's economic and manufacturing center. It is home of the Frederik Meijer Gardens, a significant cultural landmark of the Midwest. The Gerald R. Ford International Airport is the county's primary location for regional and international airline traffic.
Bear Creek (Tahltan River tributary)
Bear Creek is a tributary of the Tahltan River in northwest part of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It flows generally south through the Nahlin Plateau about 28 km (17 mi) to join the Tahltan River just downstream from the Tahltan and Little Tahltan River confluence.

Bear Creek's watershed covers 98.5 km2 (38.0 sq mi), and its mean annual discharge is an estimated 1.17 m3/s (41 cu ft/s). The mouth of the Bear Creek is located about 25 km (16 mi) north of Telegraph Creek, British Columbia, about 115 km (71 mi) east of Juneau, Alaska, and about 222 km (138 mi) southeast of Whitehorse, Yukon. Bear Creek's watershed's land cover is classified as 35.9% shrubland, 19.1% conifer forest, 16.5% herbaceous, 13.9% mixed forest, 13.3% barren, and small amounts of other cover.

Bear Creek is in the traditional territory of the Tahltan people.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
KUQQ
KUQQ is a radio station airing a classic rock format licensed to Milford, Iowa, broadcasting on 102.1 MHz FM.  It is branded as "Q102, Okoboji's Best Rock". The station serves the areas of Okoboji, Iowa, Spencer, Iowa, Worthington, Minnesota, and Estherville, Iowa, and is owned by Community First Broadcasting, LLC. The station studios are in Spirit Lake with sister stations KUOO and KUYY.

Milford, Iowa
Milford is a city in Dickinson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 3,321 at the time of the 2020 census.  The town includes many businesses related to its location in the Iowa Great Lakes region and is often referred to as the southern gateway to the Iowa Great Lakes.
Aka (Burmese martial art)
Aka are pre-arranged sets of movement or forms in Burmese martial arts. They serve as a straightforward way of passing down all of a style's techniques unto the student. They can be practiced as a form of physical conditioning, to develop muscle memory, or demonstrated as part of a public performance.

Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other forms of entertainment. It is also defined as the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Starza
Starza [ˈstaʐa] (German: Staarz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świerzno, within Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Świerzno, 17 km (11 mi) east of Kamień Pomorski, and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Kamień Pomorski
Kamień Pomorski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkamjɛɲ pɔˈmɔrskʲi]; Kashubian: Kamiéń; German: Cammin or Kammin) is a spa town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It is the seat of an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Kamień County which lies approximately 63 km (39 mi) to the north of the regional capital Szczecin. It is the second seat of the Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień and the deanery of Kamień.

In 2015 the town had a population of 8,921 inhabitants.
Rivière-Mistassini, Quebec
Rivière-Mistassini (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ mistasini]) is an unorganized territory in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the regional county municipality of Maria-Chapdelaine. The territory had a population of 27 as of the Canada 2021 Census, and covered a land area of 17,629.74 km2.

The eponymous Mistassini River has its source in the far northern part of the territory and entirely bisects it from north to south.

Unorganized area
An unorganized area or unorganized territory (French: Territoire non organisé) is any geographic region in Canada that does not form part of a municipality or Indian reserve. In these areas, the lowest level of government is provincial or territorial.  In some of these areas, local service agencies may have some of the responsibilities that would otherwise be covered by municipalities.
The Bells (play)
The Bells (French: Le Juif polonais, lit. 'The Polish Jew') is an 1867 play in three acts by Erckmann-Chatrian.

The 1871 English translation by Leopold David Lewis was one of the greatest successes of the British actor Henry Irving. It opened on 25 November 1871 at the Lyceum Theatre in London and initially ran for 151 performances. Irving was to stage the play repeatedly throughout his career, playing the role of Mathias for the last time the night before his death in 1905.

Burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, lit. 'master of the town/borough/fortress/citizens') is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or executive of a city or town. The name in English was derived from the Dutch burgemeester.

In some cases, burgomaster was the title of the head of state and head of government of a sovereign (or partially or de facto sovereign) city-state, sometimes combined with other titles, such as Hamburg's First Mayor and President of the Senate). Contemporary titles are commonly translated into English as mayor.
Songs from the Deep Forest
Songs from the Deep Forest is an album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Duke Special. In May 2006, it was released as a limited edition set of six 7" vinyl discs and then re-released as a single CD in October of the same year. It was nominated for a 2007 Meteor Music Award for best Irish album, and for the 2007 Choice Music Prize.

On October 1, 2007, a special two-disc edition was released, which included the new song "Our Love Goes Deeper Than This", featuring Neil Hannon and Romeo Stodart. The bonus disc included songs from a live BBC performance recorded in Belfast.

Special edition
The terms special edition, limited edition, and variants such as deluxe edition, collector's edition, expanded edition, or nth anniversary edition are used as a marketing incentive for various kinds of products, originally published products related to the arts, such as books, prints, recorded music and films, and video games, but now including clothing, cars, fine wine, and whisky, among other products.  A limited edition is restricted in the number of copies produced, although in fact the number may be very low or very high. Suzuki (2008) defines limited edition products as those “sold in a state that makes them difficult to obtain because of companies limiting their availability to a certain period, quantity, region, or channel". A special edition implies there is extra material of some kind included.  The term is frequently used on DVD film releases, often when the so-called "special" edition is actually the only version released.
LocalLink 28 (BaltimoreLink)
LocalLink 28 is a bus route operated by the Maryland Transit Administration in Baltimore. The line currently runs from the Rogers Avenue Metro Subway Station in Northwest Baltimore to a loop in Moravia in Northeast Baltimore. Service is provided about once every 10–15 minutes during rush hour, every 20 minutes midday, every 30 minutes on Saturdays, and hourly on Sundays. The line operates primarily along the cross-town corridor of Coldspring Lane and Moravia Road, transversing Arlington, Park Heights, Roland Park, Homeland, and Montebello. The line passes several universities, including Loyola College, Notre Dame, and Morgan State University.

Roland Park, Baltimore
Roland Park is a community in Baltimore, Maryland. It was developed between 1890 and 1920 as an upper-class streetcar suburb.  The early phases of the neighborhood were designed by Edward Bouton and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
Jack Boynton Strong
Jack Boynton Strong (February 18, 1930 – July 28, 2015) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Carthage, Texas, Strong graduated from Carthage High School. He then went to Lon Morris College. Strong received his bachelor's degree from University of Texas at Austin and his law degree from University of Texas School of Law. Strong then practiced law in Longview, Texas and was in the real estate business. Strong served in the Texas Senate between 1963 and 1971 and was a Democrat He then served on the Texas Board of Education from 1971 to 1979. Strong died in Longview, Texas.

Lon Morris College
Lon Morris College (LMC) was a private junior college located in Jacksonville, Texas, United States, and was the only school affiliated with the United Methodist Church that was owned by an individual conference and not the denomination as a whole. Lon Morris was an accredited two-year institute of higher learning, which provided instruction in the arts and sciences with a core curriculum emphasizing liberal arts. While Lon Morris taught as many as 350 students in a semester, enrollment reached more than 1,000, a new record, in the fall of 2009. The school was 30 miles (48 km) south of Tyler. The person who last held the title of college president was Dr. Miles McCall; he resigned effective May 24, 2012.

Lon Morris College filed for bankruptcy on July 2, 2012. The 112-acre (45 ha) campus was auctioned on January 14, 2013, in Dallas, Texas; the primary purchasers were a local school district and an office supply company.
Mister Corbett's Ghost
Mister Corbett's Ghost is a 1987 supernatural television drama starring Paul Scofield, John Huston and Mark Farmer. Based on the 1969 short story of the same name by Leon Garfield with a screenplay by Gerald Wilson, the production ran at 54 minutes and was produced by VIP Film Productions Ltd and directed by Danny Huston. The costumes were designed by John Mollo, while the score was composed by John Cameron.

Leon Garfield
Leon Garfield FRSL (14 July 1921 – 2 June 1996) was a British writer of fiction. He is best known for children's historical novels, though he also wrote for adults. He wrote more than thirty books and scripted Shakespeare: The Animated Tales for television.
Verbascoside
Verbascoside is a polyphenol glycoside in which the phenylpropanoid caffeic acid and the phenylethanoid hydroxytyrosol form an ester and an ether bond respectively, to the rhamnose part of a disaccharide, namely β-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-(4-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside.

Oleaceae
Oleaceae (/ˌoʊliˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), also known as the olive family or sometimes the lilac family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct. The extant genera include Cartrema, which was resurrected in 2012. The number of species in the Oleaceae is variously estimated in a wide range around 700. The flowers are often numerous and highly odoriferous. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, ranging from the subarctic to the southernmost parts of Africa, Australia, and South America. Notable members include olive, ash, jasmine, and several popular ornamental plants including privet, forsythia, fringetrees, and lilac.
Gatwick Stream
The Gatwick Stream is a tributary of the River Mole in southern England.  The Gatwick Stream rises in Worth Forest below Clays lake in West Sussex, flows northwards through Tilgate Forest, alongside Tilgate golf course, through Maidenbower, Three Bridges, and Tinsley Green to meet the River Mole on the border between West Sussex and Surrey.

Tilgate
Tilgate is one of 14 neighbourhoods within the town of Crawley in West Sussex, England. The area contains a mixture of privately developed housing, self-build groups and ex-council housing. It is bordered by the districts of Furnace Green to the north east, Southgate to the north west and Broadfield to the south west.
Black Death in the Holy Roman Empire
The Black Death was present in the Holy Roman Empire between 1348 and 1351. The Holy Roman Empire, composed of modern-day Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands, was, geographically, the largest country in Europe at the time, and the pandemic lasted several years due to the size of the Empire.

Several witness accounts do exist from the Black Death in the Holy Roman Empire, although they were often either written after the events took place, or are very short.

Russian principalities
The Russian principalities (Russian: русские княжества), also known as the Rus' principalities (Ukrainian: Руські князівства), were polities that became independent following the disintegration of Kievan Rus' in the 12th century as a result of feudal fragmentation. During the 14th century the principalities of Southwestern and Southern Rus' were incorporated by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. By the late 15th and early 16th century, the remaining Rus' principalities had been united with the Grand Principality of Moscow, leading to the creation of a centralized state. The period between the 12th and 15th centuries is also known as Appanage Russia.
Yuri Kochnev
Yuri Leonidovich Kochnev (Юрий Леонидович Кочнев) (b. Simferopol, 26 February 1942) is a Russian conductor.

Kochnev was born in Simferopol and from the age of seven grew up in Vologda. At 15 he entered the Children's School of the Leningrad Conservatory to study viola. He graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in viola (1968), music theory (1970) and conducting (1971).

Since 1975 Yuri Kochnev has been Chief Conductor, and since 1991, Artistic Director of, Saratov Opera and Ballet, Saratov. He conducted the Russian premieres of The Rise and Fall of Mahogany City by Kurt Weil, and The Whirlpool by the Slovak composer Eugen Suchoň, and the world premiere of Margarita (opera) («Маргарита») by Vladimir Kobekin. He also introduced Shostakovich's pupil's Benjamin Fleischman's posthumous work Rothschild's Violin to the stage.

Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").