hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Hassan Ad-Dakhil
al-Hassan al-Dakhil (Arabic: الحسن الداخل, for "the one who entered") was the grandfather of Sharif ibn Ali the founder of the 'Alawid dynasty, which is the current Moroccan royal family. It is commonly believed that he was taken to Morocco from the town of Yanbu in the Hejaz at the end of the 13th century by the inhabitants of Tafilalt to be their Imam at the behest of Abu Ibrahim Al Omari. They were hoping that, as he was a descendant of Muhammad, his presence would help to improve their date palm crops thanks to his barakah (an Islamic term meaning a sense of divine presence or charisma).

Yanbu
Yanbu (Arabic: ينبع, romanized: Yanbuʿ, lit. 'Spring'), colloquially sometimes referred to as Yambu (Arabic: يمبع, romanized: Yambuʿ), is a city and governorate in the Medina Province of western Saudi Arabia, located on the Red Sea coast. It is a major port and industrial center, known for its oil refineries and the Yanbu Industrial City. Yanbu is home to the province's only two ports, the Yanbu Commercial Port and the King Fahd Industrial Port, and is the second most populated city in the province after Medina.
Bride kidnapping in Azerbaijan
Bride kidnapping (Azerbaijani: Qız qaçırtma), has a long history in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, it entails a variety of actions, ranging from a consensual elopement to a non-consensual kidnapping, and the extent to which it happens is controversial. It is considered to be relatively common.

Kidnapping by itself is punishable by 5 years in Azerbaijani civil code, but it often goes unenforced in rural areas.

Law of Azerbaijan
The legal system of Azerbaijan is based on civil law. As the country was a republic of the Soviet Union until 1991, its legal history has also been influenced heavily by socialist law. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan became independent by enactment of the constitutional act of national independence on 18 October 1991. Azerbaijan adopted a Constitution in 1995 which is the foundation of the legislative system of the modern country.

Under the Constitution, there is nominally a system of presidential republic with a separation of powers among the Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches of the government. However, power in Azerbaijan is firmly in the hands of the executive. The legislature is de facto powerless.
RPL character set
The RPL character set is an 8-bit character set and encoding used by most RPL calculators manufactured by Hewlett-Packard as well as by the HP 82240B thermal printer. It is sometimes referred to simply as "ECMA-94" in documentation, although it is for the most part a superset of ISO/IEC 8859-1 / ECMA-94 in terms of printable characters, and it differs from ISO/IEC 8859-1 by using displayable characters rather than control characters in the 0x80 to 0x9F range of code points.

Code point
A code point, codepoint or code position is a particular position in a table, where the position has been assigned a meaning. The table may be one dimensional (a column), two dimensional (like cells in a spreadsheet), three dimensional (sheets in a workbook), etc... in any number of dimensions.

Technically, a code point is a unique position in a quantized n-dimensional space, where the position has been assigned a semantic meaning. The table has discrete (whole) and positive positions (1, 2, 3, 4, but not fractions).

Code points are used in a multitude of formal information processing and telecommunication standards. For example ITU-T Recommendation T.35 contains a set of country codes for telecommunications equipment (originally fax machines) which allow equipment to indicate its country of manufacture or operation. In T.35, Argentina is represented by the code point 0x07, Canada by 0x20, Gambia by 0x41, etc.
Malagasy orogeny
The Malagasy orogeny is the Ediacaran to Cambrian orogeny that resulted as India collided with the already amalgamated African continent that consisted of Azania and the Congo-Tanzania-Bangweulu Block. The orogeny affected the parts of the East African Orogen that are now found in southern India, Madagascar and central Arabia.

The term "Malagasy orogeny" was introduced by Collins & Pisarevsky 2005 for the orogenesis between India and a series of Gondwanan cratonic blocks in present-day Africa (Congo/Tanzania/Bangweulu/Azania).  In their reconstruction, India collided with Australia/Mawson in the Kuunga orogeny before the formation of Gondwana. They identified the Betsimisaraka suture in eastern Madagascar as the boundary between the African and India terranes.

Congo Craton
The Congo Craton, covered by the Palaeozoic-to-recent Congo Basin, is an ancient Precambrian craton that with four others (the Kaapvaal, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and West African cratons) makes up the modern continent of Africa. These cratons were formed between about 3.6 and 2.0 billion years ago and have been tectonically stable since that time. All of these cratons are bounded by younger fold belts formed between 2.0 billion and 300 million years ago.

The Congo Craton occupies a large part of central southern Africa, extending from the Kasai region of the DRC into Sudan and Angola. It forms parts of the countries of Gabon, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic. A small portion extends into Zambia as well, where it is called the Bangweulu Block.
Monika Bejnar
Monika Bejnar (born 10 March 1981, Tarnów) is a Polish retired sprint athlete.

She finished 4th in the 200m final at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg.

She also competed in the 4 × 400 m relay team for Poland in the 2004 Olympics.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
Maurits van Rooijen
Maurits van Rooijen (born 1956) is a Dutch socio-economic historian and geographer. His research has concentrated on green urbanisation and re-interpreting garden city principles. In recent publications he has promoted the concept of the "Global Knowledge City" arguing that in "the 21st century besides the need to blend urbanisation with agriculture and manufacturing (the original garden city mission), global knowledge innovation should be at the core of sustainable urbanisation."

In 2013 he was awarded the prize for EAIE Constance Meldrum Award for Vision & Leadership. Since 2012, he has been the CEO & Rector of the London School of Business and Finance (LSBF).

Garden city movement
The garden city movement was a 20th-century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City were built near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.
Dutch sloop Sireene (1786)
The Dutch sloop Sireene (or Sirène) was launched in 1786. The British captured her in 1796 at the capitulation of Saldanha Bay. She then served in the Royal Navy, first briefly as the sixth rate HMS Daphne, and then from 1798 as the prison ship HMS Laurel. The Admiralty sold her in 1821.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
Jorge Zorro
Jorge Ignacio Zorro Sánchez (born February 27, 1946) is a Colombian musician, teacher, conductor, politician and human rights defender, served since August 19, 2022, as Vice Minister of Culture for Creativity, since February 27, 2023, he has served as acting Minister of Culture. He has been Ambassador of Colombia to the Russian Federation since 13 August 2025.

Ministry of Culture (Colombia)
The Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Knowledges (Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y los Saberes; shortened to MinCulturas) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia charged with preserving, promoting, and encouraging the growth, free expression and understanding of the culture of Colombia in all its multi-ethnic forms.
Arthur Woodcock
Arthur Woodcock (23 September 1865 – 14 May 1910) was an English cricketer who played in 121 first-class matches for Leicestershire from 1894 to 1908 and appeared for London County in 1900.

During the late 1890s Arthur Woodcock was regarded as the second-fastest bowler in England, shaded only by Charles Kortright.  His 548 wickets at 22.28 included 102 in 1895 and 9 for 28 against MCC at Lord's in 1899. A right-handed tail-ender, he averaged 8.31 with a top score of 62 not out. In 1906 he umpired first-class matches.

Woodcock died at Billesdon in Leicestershire from "self-administered poison" on 14 May 1910.

Billesdon
Billesdon is a village and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England, with a population of 745 according to the 2001 census, increasing  to 901 at the 2011 census.  It is just off the A47, nine miles east of Leicester. The Billesdon bypass opened in October 1986. Nearby places include Houghton on the Hill, Skeffington, Tilton on the Hill, and Gaulby. The Billesdon Brook flows through the village.

Billesdon was formerly the seat of Billesdon Rural District, which was merged into the Harborough district in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972.
Hermann Lichtenegger
Hermann Lichtenegger (September 14, 1900, Knittelfeld, Styria, – March 11, 1984,  Vienna) was an Austrian socialist trade unionist, KPÖ politician, and an Under-Secretary of State for Industry, Commerce, Trade, and Traffic in the post-war provisional Renner government. For his early work as a unionist and wartime KPÖ activities he was considered a Widerstandskämpfer, resistance fighter.

Communist Party of Germany (Opposition)
The Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition)), generally abbreviated as KPO or KPD(O), was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940. After the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to power in January 1933, the KPO existed only as an illegal and underground organization. The group initially sought to modify, later to replace, the mainstream Communist Party of Germany (KPD) headed by Ernst Thälmann. The KPO was the first national section affiliated to the International Communist Opposition (ICO).
Winograd schema challenge
The Winograd schema challenge (WSC) is a test of machine intelligence proposed in 2012 by Hector Levesque, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto. Designed to be an improvement on the Turing test, it is a multiple-choice test that employs questions of a very specific structure: they are instances of what are called Winograd schemas, named after Terry Winograd, professor of computer science at Stanford University.

On the surface, Winograd schema questions simply require the resolution of anaphora: the machine must identify the antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun in a statement. This makes it a task of natural language processing, but Levesque argues that for Winograd schemas, the task requires the use of knowledge and commonsense reasoning.

The challenge is considered defeated in 2019 since a number of transformer-based language models achieved accuracies of over 90%.

Selection (linguistics)
In linguistics, selection denotes the ability of predicates to determine the semantic content of their arguments. Predicates select their arguments, which means they limit the semantic content of their arguments. A distinction may sometimes be drawn between types of selection; viz., s(emantic)-selection versus c(ategory)-selection. Selection in general stands in contrast to subcategorization: selection is a semantic concept, whereas subcategorization is a syntactic one;  predicates both select and subcategorize for their complement arguments, but only select their subject arguments.

Selection is closely related to valency, a term used in grammars other than the Chomskian generative grammar for a similar phenomenon.
Iolo Ceredig Jones
Iolo Ceredig Jones (2 August 1947 – 6 September 2021)  was a Welsh former international chess player born in Llandysul. He is notable as the co-author of the only Welsh language chess manual, A chwaraei di wyddbwyll?, which he wrote with his father, T. Llew Jones.

Jones was the joint Welsh champion in 1982–83. He competed for Wales at 16 Chess Olympiads, playing in 14 consecutive Olympiads between 1972 and 1998 and won a gold medal for his performance at the 1990 Olympiad at Novi Sad, Yugoslavia. In 2011 he took a break from retirement and participated in the European Team Chess Championship for the Welsh team. In 2013 Jones received the FIDE Master that is awarded to players achieving an Elo rating of 2300 or more.

He is also the brother of the political activist and writer, Emyr Llewelyn.

Jones died in September 2021 after a short illness.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Masayoshi Mitani
Masayoshi Mitani (見谷 昌禧, born January 5, 1938) is a retired Japanese alpine skier. He competed in the downhill, slalom and giant slalom events at the 1960 Winter Olympics with the best result of 33rd place in the giant slalom. While preparing for the 1964 Winter Olympics, Mitani suffered a serious head injury, which left him bedridden for 3 months and forced him to retire from competitions.

After graduating from Waseda University, Mitani joined Tokyu Corporation and was transferred to the affiliated Hakuba Tourism Development. He then returned to Waseda University to work as a skiing coach and researcher. In 1969 he became head coach of the national alpine skiing team, and prepared it to the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. After the Olympics, he worked at a ski school and provided commentaries and reports on major international skiing competitions.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Everything's Jake
Everything's Jake is a 2000 drama film distributed by Warner Bros.  The movie marks the feature writing and directorial debut of Matthew Miele, along with his producing/writing partner, Chris Fetchko.  Aside from the film title referring to the main character, it is also a slang expression from the Roaring Twenties in the United States, meaning "everything is in good order".

2000 in film
The year 2000 in film involved some significant events. The top grosser worldwide was Mission: Impossible 2. Domestically in North America, Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor (Russell Crowe). Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success.
1956–57 County Antrim Shield
The 1956–57 County Antrim Shield was the 68th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glentoran won the tournament for the 14th time, defeating Distillery 4–0 in the final replay at Solitude after the original final ended in a 0–0 draw.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Yolanda Vargas Dulché
Yolanda Vargas Dulché de la Parra (Spanish: [ʝoˈlanda ˈβaɾɣas ðulˈtʃe ðe la ˈpara]; born July 18, 1926, Mexico City)  – August 8, 1999, Mexico City) was a Mexican writer principally known for the creation of the comic book character of Memín Pinguín and various telenovelas for Mexican television. She began her writing career as a way to supplement income for several newspapers, creating Memín Penguín in 1943. By 1960, she has successfully published a number of comic books, encouraging her husband, Guillermo de la Parra, to write as well. The two went on to create various successful telenovelas including Rubí, which has been redone for both television and film. In total Varga Dulché published over sixty titles in both Mexico and abroad. Rubí was published between 1963 and 1964 in the romance comic book Lágrimas, Risas y Amor.

Also in the comics, Yolanda Vargas Dulché created the character Memín Pinguín.

Television in Mexico
Television is a popular form of entertainment in Mexico, with mass entertainment playing an important role in creating a national unified culture. Telenovelas are very traditional in Mexico, translated into many languages, and watched all over the world with famous names like Lucero, Thalía, Verónica Castro, Itati, Leticia Calderón and Victoria Ruffo.
Anchieta's tree frog
Anchieta's tree frog (Leptopelis anchietae), also known as the Huila forest treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to Angola. It is closely related to the West Cameroon forest tree frog (Leptopelis nordequatorialis, formerly Leptopelis anchietae nordequatorialis) and the Garamba forest tree frog (Leptopelis oryi).

Huíla Province
Huíla is a province of Angola. It has an area of 79,023 square kilometres (30,511 mi2) and a population of 3,302,866 (2024 census). Lubango is the capital of the province. Basket-making is a significant industry in the province; many make baskets out of reeds.
Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 81 kg
Men's 81 kg competition in judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held on 19 September at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre.

This event was the median of the men's judo weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 81 kilograms of body mass. Like all other judo events, bouts lasted five minutes. If the bout was still tied at the end, it was extended for another five-minute, sudden-death period; if neither judoka scored during that period, the match is decided by the judges. The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage. The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket's repechage in bronze medal bouts.

Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre
The Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre was a convention, exhibition and entertainment complex in Darling Harbour, Sydney. The Exhibition Centre was designed by architect Philip Cox and the Convention Centre by John Andrews. The complex opened on 5 May 1988 as part of an urban renewal and redevelopment of the Darling Harbour area during the period. The complex was eventually demolished in 2013 to make way for the International Convention Centre.
Minnesota Senate, District 38
The Minnesota Senate, District 38, encompasses portions of Anoka and Ramsey counties in the northern Twin Cities metropolitan area.  It has formerly included Cottonwood, Jackson,  Martin, Murray, Nobles, Pipestone, Rock, Watonwan, Chisago, Kanabec, Pine, and Dakota counties. Since January 2023, the district is represented by Heather Gustafson, a Democrat who defeated the long-term incumbent, Roger Chamberlain.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
FX-87
FX-87 is a polymorphic typed functional language based on a system for static program analysis in which every expression has two static properties: a type and an effect. In a study done by MIT, FX-87 yields similar performance results as functional languages on programs that do not contain side effects (Fibonacci, Factorial). FX-87 did yield a great performance increase when matching DNA sequences.

KFX is the kernel language of FX-87. It was described in 'Polymorphic Effect Systems', J.M. Lucassen et al., Proceedings of the 15th Annual ACM Conference POPL, ACM 1988, pp. 47–57.

Fibonacci
Leonardo Bonacci (c. 1170 – c. 1240–50), commonly known as Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

The name he is commonly called, Fibonacci, is first found in a modern source in a 1838 text by the Franco-Italian mathematician Guglielmo Libri and is short for filius Bonacci ('son of Bonacci'). However, even as early as 1506, Perizolo, a notary of the Holy Roman Empire, mentions him as "Lionardo Fibonacci".

Fibonacci popularized the Indo–Arabic numeral system in the Western world primarily through his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation)  and also introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used as an example in Liber Abaci.