hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Focal-plane array testing
Focal plane array testing is a specialized field of test engineering. Focal plane array (FPA) imaging devices are used in missile guidance sensors, infrared astronomy, manufacturing inspection, and thermal imaging. Focal plane array testing is the process of verifying and validating that these devices function correctly. Focal plane arrays are complex to develop, in some cases the fabrication process may have more than 150 steps, testing of these devices must ensure that each step has the desired result.

The actual test methodology used for testing focal plane arrays differs depending on the type of device. However, the types of tests usually fall into one of the following categories: diagnostic, performance, statistical, system simulation, or end-to-end simulation.

Missile guidance
Missile guidance is a field of engineering, specifically guidance, navigation and control, dealing with the control of missiles and guided bombs. Missile guidance systems are designed to maximize the reliability and accuracy of these weapons, by improving the likelihood they reach their target.

Guidance systems can be broadly divided into two categories: Go-onto-target (GOT) systems can be used against moving targets, and go-onto-location-in-space (GOLIS) systems attack fixed geographical positions.

Missiles and guided bombs generally use similar types of guidance system, the difference between the two being that missiles are powered by an onboard engine, whereas guided bombs rely on the speed of the launch aircraft and gravity for propulsion.
Oddaverjar
The Oddaverjar (Old Norse: [ˈodːɑˌwerjɑz̠]; Modern Icelandic: [ˈɔtːaˌvɛrjar̥]) were a powerful family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They were based in Oddi at Rangárvellir in South Iceland. Their ascendancy was during the second half of the 12th century, but their power subsequently waned. They play only a minor role in the Icelandic civil war during the Age of the Sturlungs. Only after the signing of the Gamli sáttmáli ("Old Covenant") did they oppose the influence of Gissur Þorvaldsson, Earl of Iceland.

The Oddverjar traced their roots to the first Icelandic settlers. The first known Oddaverji was Sæmundur Sigfússon fróði ("Sæmundur The Knowledgeable"), an early 12th century scholar.

Old Covenant (Iceland)
The Old Covenant (Modern Icelandic: Gamli sáttmáli [ˈkamlɪ ˈsauhtˌmauːlɪ]; Old Norse: [ˈɡɑmle ˈsɑːtːˌmɑːle])  was the name of the agreement which effected the union of Iceland and Norway.  It is also known as Gissurarsáttmáli, named after Gissur Þorvaldsson, the Icelandic chieftain who worked to promote it.  The name "Old Covenant", however, is probably due to historical confusion. Gamli sáttmáli is properly the treaty of 1302 mentioned below and the treaty of 1262 is the actual Gissurarsáttmáli.

The agreement also led to a shift in Iceland's political ideology towards the model of monarchy since it diminished the role of its chieftains (goði) as models of political rule. Prior to the agreement, the chieftains' power, which developed into a Commonwealth, was idealized particularly during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Annapolis Farewell
Annapolis Farewell is a 1935 American drama film directed by Alexander Hall and written by Frank Craven and Jack Wagner. The film stars Guy Standing, Rosalind Keith, Tom Brown, Richard Cromwell, John Howard and Benny Baker. The film was released on August 23, 1935, by Paramount Pictures.

Frank Craven
Frank Craven (August 24, 1875 – September 1, 1945) was an American stage and film actor, playwright, and screenwriter, best known for originating the role of the Stage Manager in Thornton Wilder's Our Town.
Redgrave v Hurd
Redgrave v Hurd (1881) 20 Ch D 1 is an English contract law case, concerning misrepresentation. It holds that a contract can be rescinded for innocent misrepresentation, even where the representee also had the chance to verify the false statement.

Rescission (contract law)
In contract law, rescission is an equitable or legal remedy which allows a contractual party to cancel the contract.  Parties may rescind if they are the victims of a vitiating factor, such as misrepresentation, mistake, duress, or undue influence. Rescission is the unwinding of a transaction. This is done to bring the parties, as far as possible, back to the position in which they were before they entered into a contract (the status quo ante).
Noether
Noether is the family name of several mathematicians (particularly, the Noether family), and the name given to some of their mathematical contributions:

Max Noether (1844–1921), German mathematician

Emmy Noether (1882–1935), German mathematician
Nöther crater, on the far side of the Moon, named after Emmy Noether

Fritz Noether (1884–1941), professor at the University of Tomsk

Gottfried E. Noether (1915–1991), son of Fritz Noether, statistician at the University of Connecticut

Gottfried E. Noether
Gottfried Emanuel Noether (German: [ˈnøːtɐ]; 7 January 1915 – 22 August 1991) was a German-born American statistician and educator; one of the third generation of a famous family of mathematicians: he was the son of Fritz Noether and nephew of Emmy Noether, the grandson of Max Noether, and brother of chemist Herman Noether. He died in Willimantic, Connecticut.
Euphoria (CNBLUE album)
Euphoria (stylized EUPHORIA) is the fifth major-label Japanese studio album (seventh overall) by South Korean pop-rock idol band CNBLUE. It was released on October 19, 2016, under Warner Music Japan. The date marks the five-year anniversary of the band's debut with its record label.

Euphoria was released in four editions: Regular Edition, Limited Editions A and B, and a fan club-only Boice Limited Edition. It went on to debut at number two on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart. The band embarked on the CNBLUE 5th Anniversary Arena Tour 2016 "Our Glory Days" throughout November in Chiba, Osaka, Aichi, Fukuoka, and Tokyo.

Puzzle (CNBLUE song)
"Puzzle" is a song by South Korean pop rock band CNBLUE. It was released on May 11, 2016, as their 10th single under Warner Music Japan and 13th single overall in Japan. The song was written by lead vocalist Jung Yong-hwa. Revolving around the theme of a wedding, "Puzzle" deals with the idea of "eternal love".

The single was released in four editions: Regular Edition, Limited Editions A and B, and a fan club-only Boice Limited Edition. "Puzzle" debuted on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart at number four and has sold over 30,000 copies since its release. The band embarked on the CNBLUE Spring Live 2016 "We're Like a Puzzle" arena tour, where they held four concerts in Aichi, Tokyo, and Osaka.
Panguite
Panguite is a type of titanium oxide mineral first discovered as an inclusion within the Allende meteorite, and first described in 2012.

The hitherto unknown meteorite mineral was named for the ancient Chinese god Pan Gu, the creator of the world through the separation of yin (earth) from yang (sky).

Inclusion (mineral)
An inclusion in mineralogy is any material trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology, it is an object enclosed within a gemstone or reaching its surface from the interior. According to James Hutton's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock itself. The term is also used in metallurgy.
Kungsträdgården
Kungsträdgården (Swedish for "King's Garden") is a park in central Stockholm, Sweden.  It is colloquially known as Kungsan.

The park's central location and its outdoor cafés makes it one of the most popular hangouts and meeting places in Stockholm.  It also hosts open-air concerts and events in summer, while offering an ice rink during winters. There are also a number of cafés, art galleries and restaurants; for example Galleri Doktor Glas, a name taken from the novel Doctor Glas by Hjalmar Söderberg published in 1905.

The park is divided into four distinct spaces (south to north): (1) Square of Charles XII; (2) Molin's Fountain; (3); Square of Charles XIII and (4) "Fountain of Wolodarski" (which does not have an official name).  The park is administered and events in it organized by the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce.

Hjalmar Söderberg
Hjalmar Emil Fredrik Söderberg (2 July 1869 – 14 October 1941) was a Swedish novelist, short story writer, playwright and journalist. His works often deal with melancholy and lovelorn characters, and offer a rich portrayal of contemporary Stockholm through the eyes of the flaneur. Söderberg is regarded as one of the greatest writers in Swedish literature. His works are translated to more than twenty languages.
Soft tennis at the 2022 Asian Games
Soft tennis at the 2022 Asian Games was held at the Hangzhou Olympic Center Tennis Center, Hangzhou, China from 3 to 7 October 2023.

Soft tennis had team and singles events for men and women, as well as a mixed doubles competition.

Hangzhou Olympic Expo Center
The Hangzhou Olympic Expo Center (Chinese: 杭州奥体博览城) or Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center (Chinese: 杭州奥林匹克体育中心) is a multi-purpose sports complex in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

It was completed in 2018, and it is used mostly for soccer matches. The main stadium was designed with a capacity of 80,000 spectators.

The stadium was built by NBBJ in partnership with CCDI. The stadium is built on a 60,000 square meters (650,000 sq ft) site on the Qiantang riverfront, opposite Hangzhou's Qianjiang New City Central Business District. Hangzhou hosted the 2022 Asian Games, with the men's football final and the 2022 Asian Para Games in September–October 2023.
Christina Lake, British Columbia
Christina Lake is an unincorporated recreational area in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Crowsnest Highway (British Columbia Highway 3), 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Grand Forks and 73 kilometres (45 mi) southwest of Castlegar.

Castlegar, British Columbia
Castlegar is a community in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. In the Selkirk Mountains, at the confluence of the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers, it is a regional trade and transportation centre, with a local economy based on forestry, mining and tourism.

Castlegar is home to Selkirk College, a regional airport, a pulp mill, and several sawmills. Its population of 8,338 includes many Doukhobors, who were largely responsible for much of the town's early development and growth.

The area which became Castlegar was an important centre for the Sinixt (Lakes) Peoples. Outside the city limits are the small surrounding communities of Ootischenia, Brilliant, Robson, Robson West, Raspberry, Tarrys, Thrums, Glade, Shoreacres, Fairview, Genelle, Pass Creek and Krestova, and the much smaller communities of Deer Park, Renata, and Syringa on Lower Arrow Lake. These outlying areas have a further population of about 8,000 people.
Twixt animation system
Twixt was a 3D computer animation system originally created in 1984 by Julian Gomez at Sun Microsystems.
It featured keyframes and tweening in a track-based graphical interface, and was capable of real-time wireframe playback. An Apple Macintosh port, called MacTwixt, was the first known 3D animation software to be released for the Macintosh. It was used by Apple's Advanced Technology Group (including future Pixar principals John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, and Galyn Susman) to create the 1988 short film Pencil Test. Twixt was maintained until 1987 by Cranston/Csuri Productions, and used in their animated television and advertising projects.

Key frame
In animation and filmmaking, a key frame (or keyframe) is a drawing or shot that defines the starting and ending points of a smooth transition. These are called frames because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip of film or on a digital video editing timeline. A sequence of key frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the movement. Because only two or three key frames over the span of a second do not create the illusion of movement, the remaining frames are filled with "inbetweens".
2010 in Bellator MMA
2010 in Bellator MMA was the second installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships (Bellator FC)-produced series. It started on April 8, 2010, and ended on June 24, 2010. Tournaments were held in the featherweight, lightweight, welterweight and middleweight divisions. The winner of each tournament will get a shot at the current Bellator Champion in his respective weight class. Three of the four current Bellator Champions also fought during this season in "Super Fights". These non-tournament, non-title catch-weight fights were to help prepare the champions in defending their titles against the winners of this season's tournaments sometime in the third season.

Lightweight (MMA)
The lightweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's lightweight division, which groups competitors within 146 to 155 lb (66 to 70 kg)

The Shooto lightweight division, which limits competitors to 145 lb (65.8 kg)

The ONE Championship's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 77.1 kg (170.0 lb)

The Road FC's lightweight division, with an upper limit at 154 lb (70 kg)
JumpStart Typing
JumpStart Typing is a personal computer game intended to teach typing skills to kids aged seven to ten. The game reuses the cast of JumpStart Adventures 3rd Grade: Mystery Mountain.

The game is set at Sparks Stadium, where keyboarding Olympics take place between the Sparks Team and the Galaxy Gladiators. When Polly Spark gets mad at Coach Qwerty, who didn't like her "untapped typing talent" and consequently kicked her off the team, she locks him in the Trophy Room. When Botley reminds her of how much her father wanted to win a new trophy for the Trophy Room, Polly decides to let Coach Qwerty out, but it turns out that her power cards needed to unlock and open the Trophy Room need to be recharged.

The user must therefore coach the Sparks Team in Qwerty's place and recharge Polly's power cards through taking timed typing tests. At the beginning of the game, the user takes a diagnostic test to determine the words per minute goals that need to be reached to activate the power cards.

QWERTY
QWERTY (/ˈkwɜːrti/ KWUR-tee) is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets; the name comes from the order of the first six keys on the top letter row of the keyboard: QWERTY. The design evolved for the quick typing of English on typewriters.

The QWERTY design is based on a layout included on the Sholes and Glidden typewriter sold by E. Remington and Sons from 1874. The layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878 and remains in widespread use as a de facto standard on computers, as of 2026. Two prominent alternatives, Dvorak and Colemak, have been developed.  In Europe, two types of modified layouts, QWERTZ and AZERTY, are used predominantly for German and French, respectively.
2025–26 Championship (Indonesia)
The 2025–26 Championship (also known as the 2025–26 Pegadaian Championship for sponsorship reasons) is the inaugural season of the Championship under its current name and the 16th season under its current league structure. The season began on 12 September 2025 and is scheduled to conclude on May 2026, which includes a period of break from 1 to 19 December 2025 in conjunction with the recently concluded SEA Games in Thailand.

The summer transfer window opened on 24 June 2025 and closed on 11 September 2025, while the winter transfer window will run from 2 January to 28 February 2026.

This is the first full season where VAR technology is in use, following its introduction during the final and promotion play-off matches of the previous season.

Pegadaian
PT Pegadaian (Persero) is an Indonesian state-owned  pawnbroker operated as a subsidiary of Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). Formerly a pawnbroking monopoly, its  monopoly was legalized in a Dutch East Indies government decree. Several savings and loan co-operatives de facto also offer pawnbroking services.
Jorun Erdal
Jorun Irene Erdal (born 14 May 1963 in Oslo) is a Norwegian singer and musical theatre artist.

Erdal started her musical career touring Norway for three years with the band Ice. Later she was a backup vocalist for Hege Schøyen and Øivind Blunck.

In 1993/1994 under the name "Paparazzi Mama" she performed a dance-pop cover of the song "Mercedes Benz".

Since 1999 she has been involved with the Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest selections, the Melodi Grand Prix, participating as a judge in 1999, and competing in 2000, 2005, and 2006. In 2000 she came in fourth with Another You, and in 2005 her I Am Rock 'n' Roll came second. In Melodi Grand Prix 2006 she sang Lost and Found, a duet with Geir Rönning. The duo placed 4th.

Mercedes Benz (song)
"Mercedes Benz" is an a cappella song written by the American singer Janis Joplin with Bob Neuwirth and the poet Michael McClure. The song was originally recorded by Joplin.

The song has a strong anti-consumerism message, which was a popular theme in the 1960s counterculture. It opens with Joplin sarcastically announcing "a song of great social and political import", and then satirically depicts an earnest prayer for, amongst other things, luxury material goods.

When the song was later used in an actual Mercedes-Benz commercial, author of the original poem, McClure, said he refused to watch it and would never drive one.
Tu-metua
In Cook Islands mythology, Tu-metua was the sixth child and most beloved daughter of the mother goddess, Vari. Tu-metua lived in Te-enua-te-ki "The-mute-land" (enua, "land" + te, used as a negative, + ki, "to speak"). This was a place said to have no spoken language, but communication only by signs—such as nods, raised eyebrows, grimaces, and smiles. Gill states that Vari and Tu-metua lived together in Enua-te-ki, but he was in error in treating Te Aiti as a descriptive word and not as Vari's own distinct land. Mamae's native text (Gill's informant), however, shows that the two lands were close together. It also explains the meaning of Tu-metua's name, which differs from Gill's translation as "Stick-to-the-parent".

Cook Islands mythology
Cook Islands mythology comprises historical myths, legends, and folklore passed down by the ancient Cook Islanders over many generations. Many of the Cook Islands legends were recited through ancient songs and chants. The Cook Islands myths and legends have similarities to general Polynesian mythology, which developed over the centuries into its own unique character.
Alessandro De Rose
Alessandro De Rose (born 2 July 1992) is an Italian high diver.

De Rose was born in Cosenza, Italy. He competed for Italy at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan.

On 23 July 2017 De Rose won the men's title at Italian stop of the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series which was held at Polignano a Mare in Puglia.

In December 2021, at the Abu Dhabi Aquatics Festival, held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, De Rose placed sixth in the 27 metre high dive with a score of 398.45 points.

At the 2022 European Aquatics Championships, held in Rome in August, De Rose won the bronze medal in the high dive event (27 metre), with a score of 416.45 points, which was 39.25 points behind the score of 455.70 points by gold medalist Constantin Popovici of Romania, 19.75 points behind silver medalist Cătălin Preda of Romania, and 14.90 points ahead of fourth-place finisher Gary Hunt of France.

High diving at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships – Men
The Men competition of the high diving events at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships was held on 18, 19 and 20 August 2022.

It marked the first time a men's high diving event was conducted at a LEN European Aquatics Championships. Competition was contested from a 27 metre platform.
Wide Open Spaces (song)
"Wide Open Spaces" is a song written by Susan Gibson and recorded by the American country music group Dixie Chicks.  It was released in August 1998 as the third single and title track from the band's album Wide Open Spaces. The song hit number one on the U.S. Country singles chart and spent four weeks there in November 1998. It also placed to number 41 on the U.S. Pop singles chart.

In 2001, the RIAA placed "Wide Open Spaces" at number 259 on its 365 Songs of the Century list.  In 2003, CMT named it number 22 in its 100 Greatest Songs in Country Music list.

Songs of the Century
The "Songs of the Century" list is part of an education project by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the National Endowment for the Arts, and Scholastic Inc. that aims to "promote a better understanding of America's musical and cultural heritage" in American schools. Hundreds of voters, who included elected officials, people from the music industry and from the media, teachers, and students, were asked in 2001 by the NEA (National Endowment for the Arts) and the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) to choose the top 365 songs (not necessarily by Americans) of the 20th century with historical significance in mind. RIAA selected the voters, and about 15% (200) of the 1,300 selected voters responded.
Ivlia (ship)
Ivlia (bireme) is a modern reconstruction of an ancient Greek rowing warship (galley) with oars at two levels, and is an example of experimental archaeology. Between 1989 and 1994, this vessel undertook six international historical and geographical expeditions, tracing the route of the ancient seafarers.

Seakeeping
Seakeeping ability or seaworthiness is a measure of how well-suited a watercraft is to conditions when underway. A ship or boat which has good seakeeping ability is said to be very seaworthy and is able to operate effectively even in high sea states.
Musimbi Kanyoro
Musimbi Kanyoro is a human rights advocate, philanthropist, and academic. She is the chairperson of the International Board of the United World Colleges and independent member at London School of Economics and Political Science. She is also the  founding member of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians ("the Circle") and its first coordinator (1996-2002).

Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians
The Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians is a pan-African ecumenical organization that supports scholarly research of African women theologians. The Circle mentors the next generation of African women theologians throughout their academic careers in order to counter the dearth of academic theological literature by African women. The Circle has chapters in more than a dozen countries across the African continent, as well as diaspora chapters in Europe and North America.
Wilber M. Brucker
Wilber Marion Brucker (June 23, 1894 – October 28, 1968) was an American Republican politician. Born in Saginaw, Michigan, he served as the 32nd governor of Michigan from 1931 to 1933 and as the United States Secretary of the Army between July 21, 1955, and January 19, 1961.

Governor of Michigan
The governor of Michigan is the head of government of the U.S. state of Michigan. The current governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party, who was inaugurated on January 1, 2019, as the state's 49th governor. She was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022. The governor is elected to a four-year term and is limited to two terms.