hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2014–2015 eruption of Bárðarbunga
The 2014–2015 eruption of Bárðarbunga was a Hawaiian eruption in the Bárðarbunga volcanic system in Iceland, that began on 29 August 2014, and ended on 27 February 2015. The eruption emitted large volumes of sulphur dioxide and impacted air quality in Iceland. There was no effect on flights outside of the immediate vicinity due to a lack of a significant emission of volcanic ash. The eruption took place in the lava field of Holuhraun northeast of the Bárðarbunga caldera proper.

Dyngjujökull
Dyngjujökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtiɲcʏˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, shield volcano glacier) is an outlet glacier of the Vatnajökull glacier in Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. The glacier is in the Icelandic Highlands and is situated between Bárðarbunga, Holuhraun and Kverkfjöll. Meltwater from the glacier flows into Jökulsá á Fjöllum, the second longest river in Iceland.

Depressions discovered by scientists, on 6 September 2014, have prompted speculation that eruptions may be occurring below the surface of the glacier. This is associated with seismic activity at the Bárðarbunga caldera, a large volcanic structure located beneath the glacier.
Eodelphis
Eodelphis, from eo- (dawn) and [Di]delphis (a genus of Opossum), thus meaning "dawn opossum", is a genus of stagodontid metatherians from the Late Cretaceous of North America, with distinctive crushing dentition. Named species include E. browni and the more advanced E. cutleri. Both come from the Late Campanian (Judithian "Land Mammal Age") of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. Specimens are also known from the Judith River Formation of Montana. E. cutleri is related to the Maastrichtian genus Didelphodon as indicated by its enlarged premolars and more robust jaw. Eodelphis was probably an aquatic predator like its relative Didelphodon, and may have weighed about 0.6 kg (1.3 lb), making it one of the largest mammals of its time.

Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth.  They have at least two cusps.  Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lie anterior and molars that lie posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.
Sturgeon poacher
The sturgeon poacher (Podothecus accipenserinus), also known as the sturgeon-like sea-poacher in Canada, is a fish in the family Agonidae. It was described by Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau in 1813. It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling fish which is known from the northern Pacific Ocean, including the western Bering Sea, Cape Navarin, the Commander Islands, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Aleutian Islands, and northern California, USA. It dwells at a depth range of 2 to 710 metres (6.6 to 2,329.4 ft), and inhabits soft benthic sediments. Males can reach a maximum total length of 30.5 centimetres (12.0 in).

The Sturgeon poacher's diet consists of bony fish, crustaceans such as amphipods, copepods and shrimp, and annelid worms.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
ISFOP Benin University
Institut Supérieur de Formation Professionnelle (ISFOP) is a private University at Cotonou, Benin, established by the ISFOP Educational Foundation. They offer courses on Language, Communication, Business Administration and Management, Computer Science, Sociology and International Relation and Diplomacy. As at 2018, the President of the University was Professor Maurice Dakpogan.

Cotonou
Cotonou (French pronunciation: [kɔtɔnu]; Fon: Kútɔ̀nú) is the largest city and seat of government of Benin. Its official population count was 679,012 in 2012; however, over two million people live in the larger urban area. The urban area continues to expand, notably toward the west. The city lies in the southeast of the country, between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Nokoué.

Cotonou is the seat of government of the Republic of Benin, where most of the government buildings are situated, government departments operate and foreign embassies are located, but the official capital, where the national legislature sits, is the smaller city of Porto-Novo.
Ministry of Social Security (North Korea)
The Ministry of Social Security (previously known as the Ministry of People's Security from 2000 to 2020) is the interior ministry and principal law enforcement agency within North Korea. The ministry serves as the official public and internal security force, responsible for maintaining public order and protecting key facilities including railways and other forms of transport. It also maintains a large paramilitary internal force, known as the Social Security Forces.

Unlike most ministries in North Korea, which operate under the Cabinet, the Ministry of Social Security is directly supervised by the State Affairs Commission, though in the past it has been subordinate to other national bodies. The current minister is Ri Yong-gil. According to Fyodor Tertitskiy, columnist at NK News, prospective officers are chosen by recommendation by a local Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) Committee, although some are chosen because of their songbun status.

Fyodor Tertitskiy
Fyodor Tertitskiy (Russian: Фёдор Тертицкий; also known by his Korean name Lee Hwisung, Korean: 이휘성, Hanja 李輝星; born 23 August 1988) is a Russian and South Korean historian and specialist on North Korea. He lives in Seoul, lectures at Korea University, and has held a research post at Kookmin University's Institute for Korean Studies.
Carl Rinsch
Carl Erik Rinsch (born 1976 or 1977) is an American film and commercial director. He made his feature directorial debut with the 2013 film 47 Ronin.

In 2018, Netflix hired Rinsch to produce a 12-episode series called Conquest and spent $55 million on the project, but it fell apart after production milestones were missed and no episodes were completed. In 2025, he was arrested and charged in a seven-count federal indictment: prosecutors accused Rinsch of defrauding Netflix of $11 million, and spending the money on personal expenses. He was subsequently convicted on all charges, including money laundering and wire fraud.

Indictment
An indictment (/ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/ in-DYTE-mənt) is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that use the concept of felonies, the most serious criminal offense is a felony. Jurisdictions that do not use that concept often use that of an indictable offence, which is an offence that requires an indictment.
French Prairie
French Prairie is located in Marion County, Oregon, United States, in the Willamette Valley between the Willamette River and the Pudding River, north of Salem. The prairie area roughly corresponds to the traditional land of the Kalapuya people much decimated by pandemics during the 1830s. The fertile land would become highly contended for. The area was subsequently named after some of the earliest settlers of that part of the Oregon Country, French Canadian/Métis people who were mostly former employees of the Hudson's Bay Company.
"French Prairie" naming was first captured in writing in the early 1850s by a French Consul to California visiting Oregon. Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant referred to the area as "les prairies françaises".
French Prairie is also known as an early Métis settlement in the Pacific Northwest history.

Marion County, Oregon
Marion County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. The population was 345,920 at the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous county in Oregon. The county seat is Salem, which is also the state capital of Oregon. The county was originally named the Champooick District, after Champoeg (earlier Champooick), a meeting place on the Willamette River. On September 3, 1849, the territorial legislature renamed it in honor of Francis Marion, a Continental Army general from South Carolina who served in the American Revolutionary War. Marion County is part of the Salem, OR Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Willamette Valley.
Yevhen Nakonechny
Yevhen Nakonechny (Ukrainian: Євген Петрович Наконечний) (June 18, 1931 – September 14, 2006) was a Ukrainian historian, librarian, library scientist, linguist, and a teenage prisoner of the Soviet Gulag forced labour camp system during postwar Stalinist period for his involvement with the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN).

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Chris Marvin (musician)
Chris Marvin (The Spark) is an American Christian musician, songwriter, and worship leader, best known as the founding member and musical director of The Spark, a Nashville-based worship band. He has also toured internationally as a guitarist and backing vocalist with Skillet, Ledger, and Lacey Sturm (formerly of Flyleaf). Marvin is recognized for his contributions to contemporary worship music and collaborations with several high-profile artists in the Christian rock and worship scenes.

Jen Ledger
Jennifer Carole Ledger (born 8 December 1989) is an English and American musician who serves as the drummer and co-vocalist for the Christian rock band Skillet. At the age of 18, she became Skillet's drummer when previous drummer Lori Peters retired.

Ledger released a solo EP in 2019 under the name LEDGER. Several songs hit the Christian Rock chart and several other songs hit the Contemporary Christian music chart.
Gråt elskede mann
Gråt elskede mann (Cry, Beloved Man) is a Norwegian drama film from 1971 directed by Nils R. Müller. The film was produced by Øyvind Vennerød, and Egil Monn-Iversen composed the music for the film. Sverre Holm stars as Nikolai in the film.

The film is based on a novel by Bjørg Vik with the same title. However, when the film was finished, the author thought it was so bad that she demanded that her name be removed from the film's credits and all marketing. The remuneration she received was donated to the Norwegian Authors' Union's solidarity fund.

Egil Monn-Iversen
Egil Ragnar Monn-Iversen (14 April 1928 – 7 July 2017) was a Norwegian musician, one of the most influential modern composers in Norway. He has had many important roles in Norwegian music, film, opera, television, comedy and theater. For some time he had so much influence in Norwegian culture that he got the nickname The Godfather, even though he always considered himself a down-to-earth musician.

Monn-Iversen owned a film production company, a record label, and an agency for musical artists, he was the founder of the vocal group The Monn Keys, he was the CEO at the Chat Noir theatre, chairman at The Norwegian Opera and from the 1960s until his death in 2017 worked in NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) and Det norske teatret (The Norwegian Theatre). He composed scores to over 100 Norwegian movies and TV series.

Monn-Iversen was married to the Norwegian actor and singer Sølvi Wang until her death in 2011.
Malamba (drink)
Malamba is a traditional alcoholic beverage in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon made by fermenting sugarcane juice. The canes are crushed in a mortar, and the juice is left to ferment for approximately two weeks. The flavor and texture is similar to the Latin American drink guarapo. To accelerate the process of fermentation, bark from the Garcinia kola (bitter kola in English, known as essoc or onaé in Cameroon) can be added to the juice. Corn is also sometimes added during the fermentation process to increase the alcohol content. In Gabon, the drink is also known as musungu or vin de canne (cane wine) in French.

Garcinia kola
Garcinia kola (bitter kola, a name sometimes also used for G. afzelii) is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Mangosteen genus Garcinia of the family Clusiaceae (a.k.a. Guttiferae). It is found in Benin, Cameroon, The Gambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The fruit, seeds ("bitter kola nuts") and bark of the plant have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat ailments from coughs to fever. According to a report from the Center For International Forestry Research, Garcinia kola trade is still important to the indigenous communities and villages in Nigeria.

Cola acuminata, source of the true kola nut, is not related to Garcinia kola belonging not to Clusiaceae but to a subfamily of the mallow family Malvaceae.
Gud Morning Kapatid
Gud Morning Kapatid (transl. Good Morning Sibling, stylized as Güd Morning Kapatid) is a Philippine television news and talk show produced by TV5. Originally hosted by Justin Quirino, Gretchen Ho and Jes delos Santos, it premiered on June 19, 2023, on the network's Gandang Mornings line up.
Maoui David, Chiqui Roa-Puno, Dimples Romana, Ted Failon, Czarina "DJ Chacha" Guevara, Andrei Felix, and Angela Lagunzad-Castro currently serve as the hosts. It airs from Monday to Friday, 5:30 am to 8:00 am (PHT), on TV5 and its livestreaming channels; with simulcast on RPTV from 6:00 am PHT. Since October 2024, the show hooks up the first newscast segment from Ted Failon and DJ Chacha sa True FM, which airs on True Network outlets and affiliates (except DXET-FM Davao).

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Acesur
Acesur is a leading company within the olive oil sector in Spain, with 100% Spanish capital share and among the top five in the international market. Its activities revolve around the production, refining, bottling, marketing and exportation of olive and vegetable oil as well as olives, vinegars, sauces, mayonnaises and condiments. It owns brands known as "La Española", "Coosur", and "Al Amir". Acesur has received prizes such as the Aster award.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Sentinel tank
The AC1 Sentinel was a cruiser tank designed in Australia in World War II in response to the war in Europe, and to the threat of Japan expanding the war to the Pacific or even a feared Japanese invasion of Australia. It was the first tank to be built with a hull cast as a single piece, and the only tank to be produced in quantity in Australia. The few Sentinels that were built never saw action as Australia's armoured divisions had been equipped by that time with British and American tanks.

Australian armoured units of World War II
Armoured units made a relatively small, but important, contribution to Australia’s war effort during World War II. While Australia formed three armoured divisions and two independent armoured brigades during the war, Australian armoured units only saw action as independent regiments and companies supporting larger infantry formations. Early actions were fought in the Middle East by the divisional carrier regiments that supported the 6th, 7th and 9th Divisions, fighting in Libya, Egypt and Syria in 1941–42, before the Australian divisions returned to Australia in 1942–43. During the early fighting in the Pacific, there was a limited role for armoured formations, although one armoured regiment – the 2/6th – took part in the fighting around Buna–Gona in late 1942. Later in the war, though, during the Huon Peninsula, Bougainville and Borneo campaigns of 1943–45, several armoured units were used by Australian forces in the infantry support role.
Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth
Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth is an article by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises. Its critique against economic calculation in a centrally planned economy triggered the decades-long economic calculation debate.

The article was first published 1920 in German under the title Die Wirtschaftsrechnung im sozialistischen Gemeinwesen and based on a lecture Mises gave in 1919 as a response to a book by Otto Neurath, arguing for the feasibility of central planning. Two years later, the essay was incorporated into Mises's book Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis.

Bryan Caplan
Bryan Douglas Caplan (born April 8, 1971) is an American economist and author. He is a professor of economics at George Mason University, a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center, an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute, and a former contributor to the Freakonomics blog. He currently publishes his own blog, Bet on It. Caplan is a self-described "economic libertarian". The bulk of Caplan's academic work is in behavioral economics and public economics, especially public choice theory.
Ciarán Collins
Ciarán Collins (born 1977 in Cork) is an Irish novelist and playwright. He won the 2013 Rooney Prize for Irish Literature for The Gamal, a dark novel set in a fictional town of Ballyronan in West Cork about an intense friendship of the eponymous narrator with fellow outsiders James and Sinéad. The traumatized teenager records his experiences as instructed by his psychiatrist.

Rooney Prize for Irish Literature
The Rooney Prize for Irish Literature was created in 1976 by the Irish American businessman Dan Rooney, owner and chairman of the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers franchise and former US Ambassador to Ireland. The prize is administered by the Oscar Wilde Centre and is awarded to Irish writers aged under 40 who are published in Irish or English. Although often associated with individual books, it is intended to reward a body of work. Originally worth £750, the current value of the prize is €10,000.
Wang Lina (volleyball)
Wang Lina (simplified Chinese: 王丽娜; traditional Chinese: 王麗娜; pinyin: wáng lì nà; born 5 February 1978) is a former China women's national volleyball team outside hitter. She won the 2003 World Cup and 2004 Olympics gold medal.

Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics was the eleventh edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the International Olympic Committee. It was held at the Peace and Friendship Stadium located at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex between 14 and 28 August 2004.

The medals for the competition were presented by Henri Sérandour, France; Timothy Fok Tsun-ting, Hong Kong; and Els van Breda Vriesman, Netherlands; IOC Members, and the medalists' bouquets were presented by Jizhong Wei, People's Republic of China; FIVB 1st Vice-President, Cristobal Marte Hoffiz, Dominican Republic; FIVB Vice President, and Aleksandar Boričić, Serbia and Montenegro; FIVB Board-Administration Member.
Phenyl glycidyl ether
Phenyl glycidyl ether, is a liquid aromatic organic chemical in the glycidyl ether class of compounds. It has the formula C9H10O2. It has the CAS Registry Number 122-60-1 and the IUPAC name of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane. A key use is in the viscosity reduction of epoxy resin systems. It is REACH registered and on EINECS under the name 2,3-epoxypropyl phenyl ether.

European Community number
The European Community number (EC number) is a unique seven-digit identifier that was assigned to substances for regulatory purposes within the European Union by the European Commission. The EC Inventory comprises three individual inventories, EINECS, ELINCS and the NLP list.
Alexander Cory
Christianity portal

The Venerable Alexander Cory  was Archdeacon of the Isle of Wight.

Born into an ecclesiastical family on 19 March 1890, he was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, Keble College, Oxford and Ripon College Cuddesdon he was ordained in 1914. After a curacy at Portsea he was a World War I temporary Chaplain to the Forces.  He was Rector of Burton Overy from 1919 to 1923 and then Vicar of St Mary's, Far Cotton until 1928. After that he was Vicar of Fareham for a decade then the incumbent at Hayling Island until 1946. Moving to the Isle of Wight he was Vicar of All Saints, Ryde from 1946 to 1952 when he became Archdeacon of the whole island

He died on 7 April 1973

Decade
A decade (from Ancient Greek: δεκάς, dekas, lit. 'group of 10') is a period of 10 years. It may also be called a decennium (from Latin: decennium, lit. 'ten-year'). Decades may describe any ten-year period, such as those of a person's life, or refer to specific groupings of calendar years.
2014 Grozny bombing
The 2014 Grozny bombing was a terrorist attack in the city of Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia. On October 5, 2014, a 19-year-old man named Opti Mudarov went to the town hall where an event was taking place to mark Grozny City Day celebrations coinciding with the birthday of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov. Police officers noticed him acting strangely and stopped him. The officers began to search him and the bomb which Mudarov had been carrying exploded. Five officers, along with the suicide bomber, were killed, while 12 others were wounded.

Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).