hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.

3-Methylpentane
3-Methylpentane is a branched alkane with the molecular formula C6H14. It is a structural isomer of hexane composed of a methyl group bonded to the third carbon atom in a pentane chain. It is of similar structure to the isomeric 2-methylpentane, which has the methyl group located on the second carbon of the pentane chain.

As of early 1990s, it was present in American and European gasoline in small amounts, and by 2011 its share in US gas varied between 1.5 and 6% It has close research and motor octane numbers of 74.5 and 74.3.
History of rail transport in Paraguay
This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series

In 1856, studies started to make the first railway of the country that would go from Asunción to Paraguarí. With the concession of the company to English hands, the railroad extended to Encarnación.

In the area of urban rail transit, the capital city of Asunción was served by trams from 1871 until around 1995.

Urban rail transit
Urban rail transit is a wide term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or suburban areas. The set of urban rail systems can be roughly subdivided into the following categories, which sometimes overlap because some systems or lines have aspects of multiple types.
John Davies (bishop of St Asaph)
Christianity portal

John Stewart Davies (born 28 February 1943) was Bishop of St Asaph from 1999 until 2008.

Davies was educated at St. John's School, Leatherhead. After a career in Journalism, he read Hebrew at University College of North Wales (1968-1972); and at Queens' College, Cambridge (1972-1974), he wrote an MLitt thesis on ‘Form and Tradition of the Prophetic Call Narratives’ (awarded 1975). After study at Wescott House, he was ordained Deacon in 1974 (at Llanrhaeadr-yng-Nghinmeirch parish church) and ordained Priest in 1975 (at St Asaph Cathedral) by the Bishop of St Asaph, Harold John Charles.  He began his service in the Church in Wales at Hawarden. He then held incumbencies at Rhosymedre and Mold, latterly as Archdeacon of St Asaph.

Mold, Flintshire
Mold (Welsh: Yr Wyddgrug ⓘ) is a town and community in Flintshire, Wales, on the River Alyn. It is the historic county town and was the administrative seat of Flintshire County Council from 1996 to 2025, as it was of Clwyd from 1974 to 1996. According to the 2011 UK census, it had a population of 10,058. A 2019 estimate puts it at 10,123.
Abdel Hamid El-Wassimy
Abdel Hamid El-Wassimy (born 3 February 1956; died in May 2023) was an Egyptian volleyball player, coach and executive. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

After retirement he worked as a coach for many Egyptian clubs as well as the men‘s national team. He also coached the South Africa men’s volleyball team in the early 2000s. Later he was an FIVB Coaches Instructor. El-Wassimy also served as a Vice Chairman of the Egyptian Volleyball Federation.

He died in 2023.

Volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 1984 Summer Olympics was the 6th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Long Beach, California, United States from 29 July to 11 August 1984.
Francis Crossing
Francis Crossing (1598–1638) of Exeter, Devon, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1626 to 1629.

Crossing was the son of Hugh Crossing, Mayor of Exeter, by his wife Joane Barret, daughter of John Barret of Barnstaple, Devon. He matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford on 11 May 1615 aged 16. In 1626 he was elected Member of Parliament for  Mitchell, Cornwall. He was elected MP for Camelford, Cornwall, in 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles I commenced his Personal Rule for eleven years.

Camelford (UK Parliament constituency)
Camelford was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1552 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Chacarita Airport
Chacarita Airport (IATA: JAP, ICAO: MRCH) is an airport serving the town of Chacarita in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. Chacarita is on the Pacific coast at the base of the Puntarenas peninsula, just east of Puntarenas city.

The runway parallels the Gulf of Nicoya shoreline, 300 metres (980 ft) inland. The El Coco VOR-DME (Ident: TIO) is located 31.7 nautical miles (59 km) east of the airport.

Gulf of Nicoya
The Gulf of Nicoya (Spanish: Golfo de Nicoya) is an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. It separates the Nicoya Peninsula from the mainland of Costa Rica, and encompasses a marine and coastal landscape of wetlands, rocky islands and cliffs.

The first Spanish landing in Nicaragua took place here in 1519.
Debt ratio
The debt ratio or debt to assets ratio is a financial ratio which indicates the percentage of a company's assets which are funded by debt. It is measured as the ratio of total debt to total assets, which is also equal to the ratio of total liabilities and total assets:

Debt ratio = ⁠Total Debts/Total Assets⁠  = ⁠Total Liabilities/Total Assets⁠

Financial analysts and financial managers use the ratio in assessing the financial position of the firm. Companies with high debt to asset ratios are said to be highly leveraged, and are associated with greater risk. A high debt to asset ratio may also indicate a low borrowing capacity, which in turn will limit the firm's financial flexibility.

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
Joan Rhodes
Joan Rhodes (13 April 1921 – 30 May 2010) was a British performer, wrestler, stuntwoman and strongwoman. Born into poverty in London, she and her siblings were deserted by their parents. Following unhappy spells in the workhouse and with an aunt, she left home at 14. After sleeping rough in Brewer Street in Soho, she joined a travelling fair, where she got the idea for her act after seeing a professional strongman at work.

The Pink Panther Strikes Again
The Pink Panther Strikes Again is a 1976 crime comedy film, produced, co-written and directed by Blake Edwards. It is the fifth installment in The Pink Panther series, starring Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau.
Narcissistic mortification
Narcissistic mortification is "the primitive terror of self dissolution, triggered by the sudden exposure of one's sense of a defective self ... it is death by embarrassment". The concept has been widely employed in ego psychology and also contributed to the roots of self psychology.

When narcissistic mortification is experienced for the first time, it may be defined as a sudden loss of control over external or internal reality, or both. This produces strong emotions of terror while at the same time narcissistic libido (also known as ego-libido) or destrudo is built up. Narcissistic libido or ego-libido is the concentration of libido on the self. Destrudo is the opposite of libido and is the impulse to destroy oneself and everything associated with oneself.

Grandiosity
In psychology, grandiosity is a sense of superiority, uniqueness, or invulnerability that is unrealistic and not based on personal capability. It may be expressed by exaggerated beliefs regarding one's abilities, the belief that few other people have anything in common with oneself, and that one can only be understood by a few, very special people. Grandiosity is a core diagnostic criterion for hypomania/mania in bipolar disorder and narcissistic personality disorder.
Loulo-Gounkoto
The Loulo-Gounkoto is a mining complex in western Mali, near Senegal and on the Falémé River. Owned by Canadian company Barrick Mining, in 2025 there are legal proceedings about control.

Mali's government blocked gold exports. In 2025 it took control of the gold
mines and seized gold from the complex.

Barrick closed the mine in January 2025 after Mali's government seized gold from it. The complex had produced 15 percent of Barrick's gold output. In November, the government and Barrick announced an agreement to reopen the mine under Barrick.

Falémé River
The Falémé River (French: Rivière Falémé) is a river in West Africa. The Falémé arises in northern Guinea and flows in a north-northeast direction to Mali, forming a short portion of the border between Guinea and Senegal. It turns north and then forms a portion of the border between Mali and Senegal, before joining the Sénégal River 50 km upstream of the town of Bakel in Senegal.
2018 Welsh Labour deputy leadership election
The 2018 Welsh Labour deputy leadership election took place from 16 February to 21 April 2018. It followed a review in the Welsh Labour Party which for the first time formalised the role of Deputy Leader. As the then leader Carwyn Jones was male, only women were eligible to stand for the role of deputy.

On 21 April 2018, Swansea MP Carolyn Harris was elected as Deputy Leader.

Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Welsh: Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Welsh: Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in the modern politics of Wales. Welsh Labour and its forebears have won a plurality of the Welsh vote at every United Kingdom general election since 1922, every National Assembly (now Senedd) election since 1999, and all elections to the European Parliament in the period 1979–2004 and in 2014. Welsh Labour holds 27 of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, 29 of the 60 seats in the Welsh Senedd, and 576 of the 1,264 councillors in principal local authorities including overall control of 10 of the 22 principal local authorities.

It has longest winning streak of any political party in the world and has been described as "by some distance the democratic world's most successful election-winning machine".
Siegelbaum
Siegelbaum is a German-language surname. Its Yiddish variant is Zygelboym (Yiddish: זיגלבוים), Polonized as Zygielbojm.  Notable people with the surname include:

Kate Gordon Siegelbaum, known professionally as Kate Siegel (born 1982), American actress and screenwriter

Lewis Siegelbaum, American historian

Kate Siegel
Kate Gordon Siegelbaum (born August 9, 1982), known professionally as Kate Siegel (/ˈsiːɡəl/ SEE-gəl), is an American actress and writer. Dubbed a scream queen for her extensive work in the horror genre, Siegel is known for her collaborations with her husband, Mike Flanagan. She has starred in the films Oculus (2013); Hush, which she co-wrote, and Ouija: Origin of Evil (both 2016); Gerald's Game (2017); The Life of Chuck (2024). On television, she has starred in the series The Haunting of Hill House (2018), The Haunting of Bly Manor (2020), Midnight Mass (2021), and The Fall of the House of Usher (2023).
Sirius Stakes
The Sirius Stakes (Japanese シリウスステークス) is a Japanese Grade 3 horse race for Thoroughbreds aged three and over. It is run in late September or early October over a distance of 2,000 meters on dirt at Hanshin Racecourse in Takarazuka, Hyogo, Japan.

It was first run in 1990 and has held Grade 3 status since 1997. The first six editions of the race took place at Chukyo Racecourse and it was also run at that track in 2006. Originally contested as a 1,200 meter sprint on turf until the race distance was increased to 1,400 meters on dirt in 1997 and 1,700 meters in 2006. The Sirius Stakes has been run over 2,000 meters since 2007.

Chukyo Racecourse
Chukyo Racecourse (中京競馬場, Chūkyō-keibajō) is located in Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. It is used for horse racing. It was built in 1953. It has a capacity of 58,400. It has 8,795 seats. Unlike the JRA's nine other racecourses, it is independent of the JRA, with most of the racecourse owned and run by Nagoya Horse Racing Co., Ltd.
Below and On Top
Below and On Top (1898) is a collection of short stories by Australian writer Edward Dyson. It was published by George Robertson publishers in 1898.

The collection includes 24 stories by the author, from a variety of original sources; mainly The Bulletin, The Argus, Melbourne Punch, The Antipodean and Cosmos. The title story, "Below and On Top", was published for the first time in this edition.

The Antipodean
The Antipodean was an annual Australian illustrated literary periodical first published in 1892.  It was edited by George Essex Evans in 1892, 1893 and 1897, with co-editors John Tighe Ryan (1892–3) and Banjo Paterson (1897).  The publisher was George Robertson & Co.

In its early years, the periodical published works such as:

The Bush Undertaker (1892), by Henry Lawson

The Geebung Polo Club (1893), by Banjo Paterson

My Gulf Helmet, by George Essex Evans under the pseudonym "Christophus"

A Daughter of Maoriland, by Henry Lawson
Elder Smith Road
Elder Smith Road is an east-west arterial road in northern Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It opened in 2007 to connect Main North Road to Salisbury Highway, including a new bridge crossing the Gawler railway line and Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line. It lies entirely in or forms the border of the suburb of Mawson Lakes. It extends west past Salisbury Highway to provide access to a housing estate in Mawson Lakes on the south side and an industrial area of Greenfields on the north side. At Main North Road, it connects to the junction where Maxwell Road continues as the border between Para Hills West and Pooraka.

The Mawson Connector Project built Elder Smith Road in two stages, and also the new Mawson Interchange below the bridge over the railway lines. Construction began in January 2005 and it was completed in September 2007 for a total cost of A$44.3 million.

Para Hills West, South Australia
Para Hills West  is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, and is within the City of Salisbury. It is on the eastern side of Main North Road, opposite Parafield Airport. The other boundaries are McIntyre Road, Bridge Road and Maxwell Road.

It has two schools, Para Hills West Primary School and Para Hills High School.
Replicant (operating system)
Replicant is a free and open-source Android-based operating system that intends to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts. It is available for several smartphones and tablets. Replicant's modifications are mostly in the C programming language, and its changes are mostly to the lower-level parts of the OS, such as the Linux kernel and drivers that use it.

The name Replicant  is drawn from the fictional replicant androids in the Blade Runner movie. Replicant is sponsored and supported by the Free Software Foundation and partially by NLnet.

Replicant
A replicant is a fictional bioengineered humanoid featured in the 1982 film Blade Runner and the 2017 sequel Blade Runner 2049. In the films, replicants are physically indistinguishable from adult human beings and often possesses superhuman strength and intelligence. A replicant can be detected by means of the fictional Voight-Kampff test in which emotional responses are provoked; a replicant's nonverbal responses differ from those of a human. Failing the test leads to execution, which is euphemistically referred to as "retiring".

Several models of replicants are referred to in the two Blade Runner films. The first seen, the Nexus-6, has a four-year lifespan. The successor model, the Nexus-7, is a limited experimental model with the ability to procreate. Nexus-8 and Nexus-9 replicants have open-ended lifespans. The Nexus-9 line was incapable of disobeying human orders.
Ivanpah Lake
Ivanpah Lake is a dry lake bed in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California on the border of California and Nevada. Nestled in the Ivanpah Valley near Primm on Interstate 15, the 13-square-mile (34 km2) lake is almost entirely within California. At the north edge of the lake lie the Nevada Welcome Center (closed) and a California Lottery retailer. It is a popular place for land sailing and kite buggying.

On March 26, 2009, the world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was set here by the Greenbird, clocked at 126.1 mph (202.9 km/h).

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
Zum Laichen und Sterben ziehen die Lachse den Fluss hinauf
"Zum Laichen und Sterben ziehen die Lachse den Fluss hinauf" (eng: To Mate and Die the Salmons Swim Upstream) is the debut single from German singer-songwriter Thees Uhlmann released in the summer of 2011. After Uhlmann's band Tomte went on hiatus, Uhlmann began work on material, working with Tobias Kuhn on what would become his eponymous solo album.

Thees Uhlmann
Thees Uhlmann (born April 16, 1974 in Hemmoor, Lower Saxony) is a German musician and author. He is a founding member of the indie-pop band Tomte and also writes for the magazines Intro, Visions, Spex and Musikexpress.
Urarina
The Urarina are an indigenous people of the Peruvian Amazon Basin (Loreto) who inhabit the valleys of the Chambira, Urituyacu, and Corrientes Rivers. According to both archaeological and historical sources, they have resided in the Chambira Basin of contemporary northeastern Peru for centuries. The Urarina refer to themselves as Kachá (lit. "person"), while ethnologists know them by the ethnonym Urarina.

The local vernacular term for the Urarina is Shimaku, which is considered by the Urarina to be pejorative, as it is a Quechua term meaning "unreliable". The ethnonym "Urarina" may be from Quechua--uray meaning below, and rina referring to runa, or people. Urarina is rendered in Quechua as uray-runa or people from below or down stream people.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
Miniature figure
Miniature figures may be used as:

Miniature figure (gaming), in miniature wargaming and roleplaying games

A collectable figurine, often an artistic, and sometimes a prehistoric or antique specimen

Toy soldier

Lego minifigure

Miniature model (gaming)
In miniature wargaming, players enact simulated battles using scale models called miniature models, which can be anywhere from 2 to 54 mm in height, to represent warriors, vehicles, artillery, buildings, and terrain. These models are colloquially referred to as miniatures or minis.

Miniature models are commonly made of metal, plastic, or paper. They are used to augment the visual aspects of a game and track position, facing, and line of sight of characters. Miniatures are typically painted and can be artfully sculpted, making them collectible in their own right. Pre-painted plastic figures, such as Clix miniatures produced by WizKids and unpainted plastic figures for Warhammer by Games Workshop, have become popular. The hobby of painting, collecting, and playing with miniatures originated with toy soldiers, though the latter were generally sold pre-painted.
Iranian Parliament religious minority reserved seats
There are five reserved seats in the Iranian Parliament (Majlis) for the religious minorities. After the Persian Constitutional Revolution, the Constitution of 1906 provided for reserved parliamentary seats granted to the recognized religious minorities, a provision maintained after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. There are two seats for Armenians and one for each other minority: Assyrians, Jews and Zoroastrians. Given that the Bahá'í Faith is not recognized, they do not have seats in the parliament. Sunni Muslims have no specific reserved seats, but can take part in the ordinary election process at all constitutional levels. Sunni members of parliament are mostly from areas with strong Sunni ethnic minorities like Kurdistan and Baluchistan.

Minority religion
A minority religion is a religion held by a minority of the population of state or which is otherwise politically marginalized. Minority religions may be subject to stigma or discrimination. An example of a stigma is using the term cult with its extremely negative connotations for certain new religious movements. People who belong to a minority religion may be subject to discrimination and prejudice, especially when the religious differences correlate with ethnic differences.

Laws are made in some countries to protect the rights of religious minorities, such as protecting the minorities' culture and to promote harmony with the majority.
UAAP Season 71 men's basketball tournament
The UAAP Season 71 men's basketball tournament is the 2008–09 season of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) Basketball Championship, with University of the Philippines, Diliman as the season host, to coincide with the centennial celebrations of the University of the Philippines System.

The Ateneo Blue Eagles swept their archrivals De La Salle Green Archers in two games to clinch their first UAAP title since 2002, and to give head coach Norman Black his first collegiate championship. Ateneo's Rabeh Al-Hussaini was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the season, while Nonoy Baclao was named as the Finals MVP. Ryan Buenafe won the Rookie of the Year honors, also for the Ateneo.

Norman Black
Norman Augustus Black (born November 12, 1957) is the current Consultant to the San Beda University Red Lions Basketball team playing in the NCAA Philippines. He is a former professional basketball player who played in the CBA, NBA, and PBA. He's the former head coach for the Meralco Bolts.

He has since settled in the Philippines. He is also a former head coach of the San Miguel Beermen, Mobiline Phone Pals, Pop Cola 800s, Sta. Lucia Realtors and Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters. He has also coached the Ateneo Blue Eagles in the UAAP. During his playing career, his moniker was Mr. 100%.