hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spring Boot
Free and open-source software portal

Spring Boot is an open-source Java framework used for programming standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications with a bundle of libraries that make project startup and management easier. Spring Boot is a convention-over-configuration extension for the Spring Java platform intended to help minimize configuration concerns while creating Spring-based applications. The application can still be adjusted for specific needs, but the initial Spring Boot project provides a preconfigured "opinionated view" of the best configuration to use with the Spring platform and selected third-party libraries.

Spring Boot can be used to build microservices, web applications, and console applications.

Microservices
In software engineering, a microservice architecture is an architectural pattern that organizes an application into a collection of loosely coupled, fine-grained services that communicate through lightweight protocols. This pattern is characterized by the ability to develop and deploy services independently, improving modularity, scalability, and adaptability. However, it introduces additional complexity, particularly in managing distributed systems and inter-service communication, making the initial implementation more challenging compared to a monolithic architecture.
Dimcho Belyakov
Dimcho Belyakov (Bulgarian: Димчо Беляков; born 6 October 1971 in Gotse Delchev) is a former Bulgarian footballer who played as a forward. In the late 1990s he also received a call-up to the Bulgaria national team. In this time Belyakov made his debut under manager Hristo Bonev against Slovakia on 11 March 1997.

Gotse Delchev, Blagoevgrad Province
Gotse Delchev (Bulgarian: Гоце Делчев [ˈɡɔt͡sɛ ˈdɛɫt͡ʃɛf]), is a town in Gotse Delchev Municipality in Blagoevgrad Province of Bulgaria.

In 1951, the town was renamed after the revolutionary leader Gotse Delchev. It had hitherto been called Nevrokop (in Bulgarian: Неврокоп, Nevrokop; in Greek: Άνω Νευροκόπι, romanized: Ano Nevrokopi, lit. 'Upper Nevrokopi'; and in Turkish: Nevrokop).

Nearby are the remains of a walled city established by the Romans in the 2nd century AD. The town was a kaza in the Siroz sanjak of the Salonica vilayet before the Balkan Wars.
Cantellation (geometry)
In geometry, a cantellation is a 2nd-order truncation in any dimension that bevels a regular polytope at its edges and at its vertices, creating a new facet in place of each edge and of each vertex. Cantellation also applies to regular tilings and honeycombs. Cantellating a polyhedron is also rectifying its rectification.

Cantellation (for polyhedra and tilings) is also called expansion by Alicia Boole Stott: it corresponds to moving the faces of the regular form away from the center, and filling in a new face in the gap for each opened edge and for each opened vertex.

Alicia Boole Stott
Alicia Boole Stott (8 June 1860 – 17 December 1940) was a British mathematician. She made a number of contributions to the field and was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Groningen. She grasped four-dimensional geometry from an early age, and introduced the term "polytope" for a convex solid in four or more dimensions.
Midsummer Night's Fire
Midsummer Night's Fire or St. John's Fire (German: Johannisfeuer) is a 1939 German drama film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Anna Dammann, Ernst von Klipstein, and Gertrud Meyen. The film is based on the play Fires of St. John by Hermann Sudermann. The title refers to Saint John's Eve.

The film's art direction was by Carl Böhm and Erich Czerwonski. Location shooting took place in Prenzlau and around Masuria in East Prussia. It was remade in 1954 as Love is Forever.

Prenzlau
Prenzlau (German: [ˈpʁɛntslaʊ] ⓘ; Low German: Prentzlow) is a town in Brandenburg, in north-eastern Germany, the administrative seat of Uckermark District. It is also the centre of the historic Uckermark region.
Andrew Plummer
Andrew Plummer FRCP (1697–1756) was a Scottish physician and chemist. He was professor of chemistry at the University of Edinburgh from 1726 to 1755. He developed ideas on the attractive and repulsive forces involved in chemical affinity, which later had influence on his successors William Cullen and Joseph Black. He compounded "Plummer's pills", a mixture of calomel and antimony sulfide with guaiacum; the pills were originally compounded to treat psoriasis but were used for more than a century as an antisyphilitic.

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter in 1681. The college has more than 14,000 fellows and members worldwide, who are entitled to use the post-nominal MRCP (Edin) or FRCP (Edin).
Janieck Devy
Janieck van de Polder (Dutch pronunciation: [jaːˈnik fɑn də ˈpɔldər]; born (1994-06-24)24 June 1994), better known by his stage name Janieck Devy or just the mononym Janieck, is a Dutch singer-songwriter, musician, actor and DJ. He is best known for his portrayal of Pluk in the 2004 film Tow Truck Pluck and the single "Reality" by Lost Frequencies, in which he took the melody, guitar, vocals and lyrics into account.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig
The Luchtmobiel Speciaal Voertuig (LSV) is a small, open off-road vehicle that can be transported by air. It is specifically designed for, and used by, the Dutch Airmobile Brigade of the Royal Netherlands Army. The LSV is nicknamed affectionately 'playmobiel' (Playmobil) by Dutch soldiers. The vehicle is designed to be transported by helicopters, and had three main variants: One for medical transport, anti-tank, and a general purpose one.
The vehicle served the Dutch army for two decades and is in the process of being replaced by a new a light vehicle, although in the later years it was supplemented by the G280 CDI.

Playmobil
Playmobil (/pleɪmoʊˈbiːl/) is a German line of toys produced by the Brandstätter Group (Geobra Brandstätter GmbH & Co KG), headquartered in Zirndorf, Germany. The signature Playmobil toy is a 7.5 cm (3.0 in) tall (1:24 scale) human figure with a smiling face. A wide range of accessories, buildings and vehicles, as well as many sorts of animals, are also part of the Playmobil line.

Playmobil toys are produced in themed series of sets as well as individual special figures and playsets. New products and product lines developed by a 50-strong development team are introduced frequently, and older sets are discontinued. Promotional and one-off products are sometimes produced in very limited quantities. These practices have helped give rise to a sizeable community of collectors. Collector activities extend beyond collecting and free-form play and include customization, miniature wargaming, and the creation of photo stories and stop motion films, or simply as decoration.
Copper sweetening
Copper sweetening is a petroleum refining process using a slurry of clay and cupric chloride to oxidize mercaptans. The resulting disulfides are less odorous and usually very viscous, and are usually removed from the lower-boiling fractions and left in the heavy fuel oil fraction.

Copper sweetening introduces trace amount of copper into the resulting products, which tends to have detrimental effects as it leads to formation of gummy residues. Other sources of copper include contact with refinery parts made of copper and copper alloys. Copper is one of the most active instability promoters, and concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm can have marked negative effect. To combat these, metal deactivators are added to some fuels.

Slurry
A slurry is a mixture of denser solids suspended in liquid, usually water. The most common use of slurry is as a means of transporting solids or separating minerals, the liquid being a carrier that is pumped on a device such as a centrifugal pump. The size of solid particles may vary from 1 micrometre up to hundreds of millimetres.
The particles may settle below a certain transport velocity and the mixture can behave like a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid. Depending on the mixture, the slurry may be abrasive and/or corrosive.
James Gillick
James Gillick (born 1972, Norfolk)  is an artist who works in the figurative tradition. His studio is based in Louth, Lincolnshire. He is known for painting still-life work, and also  other subject matter  which include game paintings, portraits, horse paintings. He is also known for his work in church re-ordering and gilding.

Louth, Lincolnshire
Louth (/laʊθ/ ⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Louth serves as an important town for a large rural area of eastern Lincolnshire. Visitor attractions include St James' Church, Hubbard's Hills, the market, many independent retailers, and Lincolnshire's last remaining cattle market.
KFC Uerdingen 05
KFC Uerdingen 05 is a German football club in the Uerdingen district of the city of Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia. The former Bundesliga side, which had its greatest successes in the 1980s, plays in the fifth-level Oberliga Niederrhein after withdrawing from their Regionalliga group in 2025.

Regionalliga West
The Regionalliga West is a German professional football division administered by the Western German Football Association based in Duisburg. It is one of the five German regional football associations. Being the single flight of the Western German state association, the Regionalliga is currently a level 4 division of the German football league system. It is one of five leagues at this level, together with the Regionalliga Bayern, Regionalliga Nordost, Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga Südwest.
Magnolia Stage Award
The Shanghai Magnolia Stage Performance Awards (Chinese: 上海白玉兰戏剧表演艺术奖), commonly known as the Magnolia Stage Awards, are presented by Shanghai Media Group, Shanghai Theater Arts Journal Publisher, Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Shanghai Performing Company, and Shanghai Cultural Development Foundation each year. The awards recognize excellence in dramas, dance, musicals, and Chinese operas performed in the city of Shanghai, China.

Launched in 1989, the Magnolia Stage Awards ceremony has evolved into a major theatrical event in China. For most Chinese opera performers, the Magnolia Stage Award is as much coveted as the Plum Blossom Prize.

A few international artists have also won the award, including Nonso Anozie, Brad Little, Sakata Tōjūrō IV, and Arturo Brachetti.

Arturo Brachetti
Arturo Brachetti (Italian pronunciation: [arˈtuːro braˈketti]; born 13 October 1957) is an Italian quick-change artist considered the best quick change performer in the world. In the Guinness Book of Records, he is described as the quickest and most prolific quick-change artist in the world.
SS Oropesa
At least four British ships of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company have been named SS Oropesa.

SS Oropesa – 1894 ship that served as an armed merchant cruiser during World War I before being sunk in 1917.

SS Oropesa – 1919 ocean liner that served during World War II before she was sunk in 1941.

SS Oropesa – A ship transferred from Shaw, Savill & Albion Line to PSNC and renamed Oropesa in 1968.

SS Oropesa –1978 ship transferred from PSNC to Shaw, Savill & Albion in 1982.

Armed merchantman
An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in long distance and high value trade. In more modern times, auxiliary cruisers were used offensively as merchant raiders to disrupt trade chiefly during both World War I and World War II, particularly by Germany.

While armed merchantmen are clearly inferior to purpose-built warships, sometimes they have scored successes in combat against them. Examples include East Indiamen mimicking ships of the line and chasing off regular French warships in the Battle of Pulo Aura in 1804, and the German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran sinking the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney in their battle in 1941, although Kormoran was also destroyed and had to be scuttled.
Tesfaye Jifar
Tesfaye Jifar (Amharic: ተስፋዬ ጅፋር; born April 23, 1976) is a male Ethiopian long-distance runner.

Jifar won the New York City Marathon in 2001, his time of 2:07:43 standing as the course record for ten years. The same year he was second at the Tokyo Marathon and won the Saint Silvester Marathon held in Brazil. At the Amsterdam Marathon in 1999 he was second and broke the Ethiopian record held by Belayneh Dinsamo. Jifar's time of 2:06:49 hours remains his personal record.

Tesfaye Jifar is a three-time medalist from IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, he won bronze in 1999 and 2000 and silver in 2001.

At the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton Jifar finished seventh in the marathon race.

Tokyo Marathon
The Tokyo Marathon (東京マラソン, Tōkyō Marason) is an annual marathon sporting event in Tokyo, Japan. It is a World Athletics Platinum Label marathon and one of the seven World Marathon Majors. The latest edition of the race took place on 2 March 2025. It is sponsored by Tokyo Metro.
Bā with three dots horizontally below
ݐ (Unicode name: Arabic Letter Beh With Three Dots Horizontally Below) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, used in some African languages such as Fulfulde. It is equivalent to the Latin letter Ƴ ƴ.

Fula language
FulaListenⓘ  (/ˈfuːlə/ FOO-lə), also known as FulaniListenⓘ  (/fʊˈlɑːniː/ fuu-LAH-nee) or Fulah (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular; Adlam: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪; Ajami: ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ‎, ݒُلَارْ‎, بُۛلَر‎), is a Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West and Central Africa. Along with other related languages such as Serer and Wolof, it belongs to the Atlantic geographic group within Niger–Congo, and more specifically to the Senegambian branch. Unlike most Niger-Congo languages, Fula does not have tones.

It is spoken as a first language by the Fula people ("Fulani", Fula: Fulɓe) from the Senegambia region and Guinea to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Sudan and by related groups such as the Toucouleur people in the Senegal River Valley. It is also spoken as a second language by various peoples in the region, such as the Kirdi of northern Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria.
Live at Max's Kansas City (Johnny Thunders album)
Live at Max's Kansas City is a live album by the Heartbreakers. Recorded at a "reunion"/"farewell" show on September 16, 1978, at Max's Kansas City nightclub, the album's performance — loud, sloppy, and laden with bawdy introductions and/or lyric changes to many of the familiar songs from their only studio album, L.A.M.F. — further cemented the band's live reputation. A classic of early punk rock, the album has been called "probably the best official document of any New York band of the era."

Johnny Thunders
John Anthony Genzale (July 15, 1952 – April 23, 1991), known professionally as Johnny Thunders, was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He came to prominence in the early 1970s as a member of New York Dolls. He later formed the Heartbreakers and played as a solo artist.
Atlético Mineiro–Flamengo rivalry
The Atlético Mineiro–Flamengo rivalry is a high-profile inter-state rivalry between Brazilian professional football clubs Atlético Mineiro and Flamengo. The clubs first played against each other in 1929, but until regular competitions were introduced in Brazilian football in 1959, the encounters were played at friendly level, since they come from different states: Flamengo is from Rio de Janeiro, while Atlético Mineiro hails from Minas Gerais. The rivalry developed in the 1980s from numerous controversial encounters between the two clubs in that decade's Campeonato Brasileiro and Copa Libertadores editions. It remained through the following years, and is considered the biggest interstate rivalry in Brazilian football.

Reinaldo (footballer, born 1957)
José Reinaldo de Lima (born 11 January 1957) is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a striker. He is popularly known as Reinaldo or Rei (The King). Widely regarded as one of the greatest strikers in the history of Brazilian football, Reinaldo played most of his career for Atlético Mineiro, is considered by many the most important player in the club, and still holds the record of highest goal average per game in the Brazilian league, with 1.55 goals per match in the 1977 Brazilian Championship, at a time when Atlético Mineiro was regarded to have one of the best teams in the world.

Legendary Brazilian midfielder Zico considered him the best player he had ever seen, believing he would have been the greatest Brazilian player after Pelé if not for injuries.
Minuscule 761
Minuscule 761 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε476 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 14th century. Biblical scholar Frederick H. A. Scrivener labelled it as 850e.

Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (29 September 1813 – 30 October 1891) was an English writer and scholar. Additionally, he was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter, and vicar of Hendon.
Uncle Ray's
Uncle Ray’s is the brand name of a line of food products. Established in 1965 by Ray Jenkins and Robert Qualls, the brand's products are produced by Uncle Ray's LLC in Detroit, Michigan. Uncle Ray's LLC (formerly Cabana Foods) specializes in potato chips and other snack foods such as onion rings, pretzels, and cheese curls. From 2016 until 2021, it was the "official potato chip" of Minor League Baseball.

Potato chips
Potato chips (North American and Australian English; often just chips) or crisps (British and Irish English) are thin slices of potato (or a thin deposit of potato paste) that have been deep-fried, baked, or air-fried until crunchy. They are commonly served as a snack, appetizer or side dish. Basic potato chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various seasonings, flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors, and additives.

Potato chips form a large part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries. The global potato chip market generated total revenue of US$16.49 billion in 2005. This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (which was $46.1 billion overall).
Ophioglossum californicum
Ophioglossum californicum, known by the common name California adder's tongue, is an uncommon species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae.

The fern is native to California, and Baja California in Northwestern Mexico. It is found in the San Joaquin Valley, Sierra Nevada foothills, and along the central and southern coast regions. Habitats include moist areas, such as wet pastures and vernal pools, coastal grasslands, and coastal/montane/interior chaparral micro-habitats. It becomes very rare in dry years.

Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossaceae, from Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis), meaning "snake", and γλῶσσα (glôssa), meaning "tongue", also known as the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only family in the order Ophioglossales, which together with the Psilotales is placed in the subclass Ophioglossidae. The Ophioglossidae are one of the groups traditionally known as eusporangiate ferns. Members of the family differ from other ferns in a number of ways. Many have only a single fleshy leaf at a time. Their gametophytes are subterranean and rely on fungi for energy.
Kradikhino (settlement)
Kradikhino (Russian: Крадихино) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Yenangskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 212 as of 2002. There are 6 streets.

Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District (Russian: Ки́чменгско-Городе́цкий райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Velikoustyugsky District in the north, Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in the northeast, Oparinsky District of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District of Kostroma Oblast in the south, Nikolsky and Babushkinsky Districts in the southwest, and with Nyuksensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 7,025 square kilometers (2,712 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kichmengsky Gorodok. District's population: 18,485 (2010 Census); 22,187 (2002 Census); 26,170 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 34.9% of the district's total population.
The Railway Men
The Railway Men: The Untold Story of Bhopal 1984 is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language historical disaster thriller television miniseries about railway workers who saved many lives during the 1984 toxic gas leak at the chemical company Union Carbide India Limited's plant in Bhopal. It is produced by YRF Entertainment (the streaming division of Yash Raj Films) and stars R. Madhavan, Kay Kay Menon, Divyenndu and Babil Khan. Sunny Hinduja and Juhi Chawla play supporting roles.

Filmed from December 2021 to May 2022, all four episodes of the miniseries were released on Netflix on 18 November 2023.

Bhopal Junction railway station
Bhopal Junction railway station (station code: BPL) is a major railway junction of India and main railway station of Bhopal, the capital of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. This station also serves as a connecting point for various pilgrims from Asia to visit the Stupa of Sanchi, an important Buddhist stupa, which is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from this station.