hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
The proglacial lakes of Minnesota were lakes created in what is now the U.S. state of Minnesota in central North America in the waning years of the last glacial period.  As the Laurentide Ice Sheet decayed at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation, lakes were created in depressions or behind moraines left by the glaciers.  Evidence for these lakes is provided by low relief topography and glaciolacustrine sedimentary deposits. Not all contemporaneous, these glacial lakes drained after the retreat of the lobes of the ice sheets that blocked their outlets, or whose meltwaters fed them. There were a number of large lakes, one of which, Glacial Lake Agassiz, was the largest body of freshwater known to have existed on the North American continent; there were also dozens of smaller and more transitory lakes filled from glacial meltwater, which shrank or dried as the ice sheet retreated north.

Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).
Pál Kinizsi
Pál Kinizsi (Latin: Paulus de Kenezy; Romanian: Paul Chinezu; 1432–1494) was a Hungarian general in the service of Hungarian army under king Matthias Corvinus. He was the Count of Temes County (in the historical Banat region, in the Kingdom of Hungary now part of Romania and Serbia after annexation at the Treaty of Trianon) from 1484 and Captain-General of the Lower Parts. He was a general of King Mathias's famed Black Army. He is famous for his victory over the Ottomans in the Battle of Breadfield in October 1479. He reputedly never lost a battle.

Temes County
County of Temes (Hungarian: Temes, Romanian: Timiș, Serbian: Тамиш or Tamiš, German: Temes or Temesch) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southwestern Romania and northeastern Serbia. The capital of the county was Temesvár (Romanian: Timișoara, Serbian: Темишвар or Temišvar, German: Temeswar or Temeschwar), which also served as the kingdom's capital between 1315–1323.
Jack Grant (rugby union)
Jack Grant (born 24 January 1994) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the Waratahs in the Super Rugby. His playing position is scrum-half. He was named in the Waratahs squad for the 2021 Super Rugby AU season. He previously represented the Sydney Rays in the 2017 National Rugby Championship, the NSW Country Eagles in the 2018 and 2019 National Rugby Championships and NTT Red Hurricanes in the 2019–20 Top League in Japan.

Grant was born in the town of Beverley in England's northeastern county of East Yorkshire. He attended St Stanislaus' College, Bathurst and began playing semi-professional club rugby with Norths in Sydney's Shute Shield.

Red Hurricanes Osaka
Red Hurricanes Osaka (formerly known as NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka) is a Japanese rugby union team owned by NTT Communications. They qualified for the 2011–12 season and finished 12th place overall. The team rebranded in 2022, ahead of the rebranding of the Top League to the Japan Rugby League One.
Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.7.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

formylmethanofuran + H2O + acceptor  CO2 + methanofuran + reduced acceptor.

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are formylmethanofuran, H2O, and acceptor, whereas its 3 products are CO2, methanofuran, and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is formylmethanofuran:acceptor oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called formylmethanofuran:(acceptor) oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in folate biosynthesis. It has 2 cofactors: molybdenum, and Pterin.

Pterin
Pterin is a heterocyclic compound composed of a pteridine ring system, with a "keto group" (a lactam) and an amino group on positions 4 and 2 respectively.  It is structurally related to the parent bicyclic heterocycle called pteridine. Pterins, as a group, are compounds related to pterin with additional substituents.  Pterin itself is of no biological significance.

Pterins were first discovered in the pigments of butterfly wings (hence the origin of their name, from the  Greek pteron (πτερόν), wing) and perform many roles in coloration in the biological world.
2011 Dutch National Track Championships – Women's individual pursuit
The women's individual pursuit at the 2011 Dutch National Track Championships in Apeldoorn took place at Omnisport Apeldoorn on December 28, 2011. 14 athletes participated in the contest.

Ellen van Dijk won the gold medal, Kirsten Wild took silver and Amy Pieters won the bronze.

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
Patsey
Patsey (c. 1817–after 1863) was an African American enslaved woman. Solomon Northup wrote about her in his book Twelve Years a Slave, which is the source for most of the information known about her. There have been two adaptations of the book in film: Solomon Northup's Odyssey (1984), and the better known 12 Years a Slave (2013). In the latter, Patsey was portrayed by Lupita Nyong'o, who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance.

Solomon Northup's Odyssey
Solomon Northup's Odyssey, reissued as Half Slave, Half Free, is a 1984 American television film based on the 1853 autobiography Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a free black man who in 1841 was kidnapped and sold into slavery. The film, which aired on PBS, was directed by Gordon Parks with Avery Brooks starring as the titular character. It was the second film to be funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, following A House Divided: Denmark Vesey's Rebellion in 1982. Parks returned to direct the film after years of absence. He chose to work in the Deep South and to collaborate with a crew of mixed races. The film first aired on PBS on December 10, 1984 and as part of PBS's American Playhouse anthology television series in the following year. It was released on video under the title Half Slave, Half Free.

Solomon Northup's Odyssey was the first film adaptation of Twelve Years a Slave. A second film adaptation, 12 Years a Slave, was released in 2013.
Nick Sakai
Nick Sakai is an American actor and producer.  He has been seen in High Maintenance, The Affair, Orange Is The New Black, and other shows.  He produced, directed and starred in his own short films, Ms Kiss and Three Minute Love Affair. His 2010 film 12, a parody of 24, became a YouTube sensation and was premiered at the 2010 Comic-Con. He also associate produced (and acted in) The Professor starring Betsy Brandt and Rick Peters. The film won the Best Action/Adventure short at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con.

He studied with Suzanne Shepherd (Requiem for a Dream, The Sopranos), Maggie Flanigan at William Esper Studio, James Price, Loyd Williamson and Larry Moss.

On stage, he appeared in Off Broadway production of "The Shanghai Gesture", produced by Mirror Repertory Company, directed by Robert Kalfin, starring Tina Chen and Larry Pine plus many others in New York City.

Robert Kalfin
Robert Zangwill Kalfin (April 22, 1933 – September 20, 2022) was an American stage director and producer who has worked on and off Broadway and at regional theaters throughout the country. He was a former artistic director of the Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park and the founder/artistic director of The Chelsea Theater Center.
Allegiance (musical)
Allegiance is a musical with music and lyrics by Jay Kuo and a book by Marc Acito, Kuo and Lorenzo Thione. The story, set during the Japanese American internment of World War II (with a framing story set in the present day), was inspired by the personal experiences of George Takei, who starred in the musical. It follows the Kimura family in the years following the attack on Pearl Harbor, as they are forced to leave their farm in Salinas, California, and are sent to the Heart Mountain Relocation Center in the rural plains of Wyoming.

The musical began development in 2008 and premiered in September 2012 in San Diego, California. It played on Broadway from October 2015 to February 2016. Reviews on Broadway were mixed, although the cast was generally praised. Further productions were mounted in Los Angeles in 2018 and London in 2023.

Frame story
A frame story (also known as a frame tale, framing device, frame narrative, sandwich narrative, or intercalation) is a literary technique that serves as a companion piece to a story within a story, where an introductory or main narrative sets the stage either for a more emphasized second narrative or for a set of shorter stories. The frame story leads readers from a first story into one or more other stories within it. The frame story may also be used to inform readers about aspects of the secondary narrative(s) that may otherwise be hard to understand. This should not be confused with narrative structure. Notable examples are the 1001 Nights and The Decameron.
Dictionary of the Russian Language (Ozhegov)
Dictionary of the Russian Language (Russian: Слова́рь ру́сского языка́) is an explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. The first edition was published under the editorship of Ozhegov in 1949. It contained about 57,000 words; its 21st edition (1990) counted 70,000 word entries. From 1992 the dictionary is released with the names of two co-authors, Ozhegov and Shvedova.

Explanatory dictionary
An explanatory dictionary or defining dictionary is a dictionary that provides definitions of word meanings at its entries. It may give additional information on pronunciation, grammar, etymology, and so on. In practice, it is equivalent to a monolingual general dictionary. Such dictionaries are usually meant for native speakers of the language.
Leona Farris
Leona Wright Farris (August 11, 1917 – February 27, 2022) was an American educator. She worked as an assistant professor at the University of Akron from 1969 to 1988 and some sources list her as the first African American woman to hold that position at the university. Her family was one of the first black families to live in Stow, Ohio, and her children were the first black children to attend the school district there. Farris was involved in integrating the dormitories of Ohio State University and continued to be active in groups such as the NAACP and Alpha Kappa Alpha throughout her life. The University of Akron has a scholarship in her name.

Girl Scouts of the USA
Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA), commonly referred to as Girl Scouts, is a youth organization for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad. 
It was founded by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912, a year after she had met Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting (formerly Boy Scouts).

The stated mission of Girl Scouts is to "[build] girls of courage, confidence, and character, who make the world a better place" through activities involving camping, community service, and practical skills such as first aid. Members can earn badges by completing certain tasks and mastering skills. More senior members may be eligible for awards, such as the Bronze, Silver, and Gold Awards. Membership is organized according to grade level, with activities designed for each level. The organization is a member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS).
Woy Woy Shire
The Shire of Woy Woy was a local government area on the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, centred on the town of Woy Woy. The shire was proclaimed on 1 August 1928 as a result of the proclamation of the separation of the D Riding of Erina Shire and had its council seat at Woy Woy, but covered the majority of the Woy Woy peninsula including Woy Woy Bay, Umina, Blackwall, Kariong, Pearl Beach, and Patonga. Woy Woy Shire was abolished on 1 January 1947 with the reorganisation of local government in the Central Coast region following the end of the Second World War, with the council area amalgamated into Gosford Shire.

Patonga, New South Wales
Patonga is a small beach side fishing and holiday village which is part of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, located on the edge of Brisk Bay and near the mouth of the Hawkesbury River. It is part of the Central Coast Council local government area. Patonga is the southern most village of the Central Coast.
Guy of Enghien
Guy of Enghien (French: Guy de Enghien; died 1376) was the lord of Argos and Nauplia from 1356 to 1377 as vassal of the Principality of Achaea and titular duke of Athens as Guy III. He was son of Walter III of Enghien and Isabella of Brienne.

He married Bonne of Foucherolles and had a daughter, Maria, who succeeded her father in Argos and Nauplia.

Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
Javed Amirkhil
Javed Amirkhil (Pashto: جاوید امیرخېل, born c. May 1984) is an Afghan singer, primarily known for his contributions to the Pashto-language music scene. He combines traditional elements with modern pop and is particularly popular among people of Afghan heritage.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Phyllonorycter gemmea
Phyllonorycter gemmea is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Massachusetts and Maine in the United States.

The wingspan is 7-7.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Robinia species, including Robinia pseudacacia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
Faumea
Faumea is a figure in Polynesian mythology, specifically that of the Tuamotus archipelago of French Polynesia, where she is regarded as an "eel-woman". The sea god Tangaroa encounters her when he sails to her island. In addition to being an eel-woman, Faumea has eels within her vagina which eat men, reflecting the folk concept of vagina dentata. However, Faumea teaches Tangaroa how to lure the eels out and they have sex. Faumea bears Tangaroa two sons: Tu-Nui-Ka-Rere (also called Rata-Nui) and Turi-A-Faumea.

Later, Turi-A-Faumea's wife Hina-Arau-Riki is kidnapped by the octopus-demon Rogo-Tumu-Here. Faumea helps Tangaroa and their sons rescue Hina by holding the wind within "the sweat of her armpit" and then releasing it at Tangaroa's command to power their canoes.

American folklorist Martha Warren Beckwith recorded a similarity or possible relation to the fertility goddess Haumea.

Haumea (mythology)
Haumea (Hawaiian: [həuˈmɛjə]) is the goddess of fertility and childbirth in Hawaiian mythology. She is the mother of many important deities, such as Pele, Kāne Milohai, Kāmohoaliʻi, Nāmaka, Kapo, and Hiʻiaka. She was killed by Kaulu. Haumea is one of the most important Hawaiian gods, and her worship is among the oldest on the Hawaiian islands.
2025 Baseball Champions League Americas
The 2025 Baseball Champions League Americas was the second edition of the Baseball Champions League Americas, an international competition for baseball clubs organized by the WBSC Americas, part of the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). The tournament was held at Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú in Mexico City, Mexico from 8 to 13 April and featured a field of six teams (up from four in 2023), playing in a round-robin group stage followed by a knock-out stage. The tournament was won by the Diablos Rojos del México, who hosted the tournament and also went undefeated.

WBSC Americas
WBSC Americas, formerly known as Pan American Baseball Confederation (COPABE, Spanish: Confederación Panamericana de Béisbol, Portuguese: Confederação Pan-Americana de Beisebol), is the governing body of baseball and softball within the Americas.
Witchslayer Gretl
Witchslayer Gretl (also known as Gretl and Gretl: Witch Hunter) is a 2012 American-Canadian dark fantasy television film written by Brook Durham and Angela Mancuso, and directed by Mario Philip Azzopardi. Inspired by the Brothers Grimm fairy tale Hansel and Gretel, it stars Paul McGillion as Hansel, a witch hunter who comes into conflict with his witch-possessed sister, Gretl, played Shannen Doherty. It was one of several similarly-themed Hansel and Gretel films (such as Hansel and Gretel and Hansel & Gretel: Warriors of Witchcraft) that were made in an attempt to "cash-in" on the 2013 film Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters.

Hansel and Gretel
"Hansel and Gretel" (/ˈhænsəl, ˈhɛn- ... ˈɡrɛtəl/; German: Hänsel und Gretel [ˈhɛnzl̩ ʔʊnt ˈɡʁeːtl̩]) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812 as part of Grimms' Fairy Tales (KHM 15).

Hansel and Gretel are siblings who are abandoned in a forest and fall into the hands of a witch who lives in a house made of bread, cake, and sugar. The witch, who has cannibalistic intentions, intends to fatten Hansel before eventually eating him. However, Gretel saves her brother by pushing the witch into her own oven, killing the witch. The children then escape with the witch's treasure.

Set in medieval Germany, "Hansel and Gretel" has been adapted into various media, including the opera Hänsel und Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck, which was first performed in 1893.
2008–09 I-League
The 2008–09 I-League season began on 26 September 2008 and finished on 16 April 2009 with a break in December for the Federation Cup and Durand Cup.  Most games this season were played on Saturday's and Sunday's to attract larger crowds.  After a successful first season for the I League, the second season featured 12 teams from four cities – again this would be expanded in the 2009–10 season to 14 teams.

The champion in the I-League qualified for the AFC Champions League 2010 qualifying playoffs in 2010, while the bottom two teams were relegated to I-League 2nd Division for the next season.

Salt Lake Stadium
The Salt Lake Stadium, officially known as Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan (VYBK), is a multi-purpose stadium, used mostly for football matches, located in Salt Lake City, Greater Kolkata, with a capacity of 85,000 spectators. Named after Swami Vivekananda, the stadium is one of the home grounds of East Bengal FC and Mohun Bagan SG. The stadium hosted the final match of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, alongside other matches of the tournament.

The stadium switched back to natural grass from artificial turf, unveiled in a Kolkata Derby match between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan during the 2016 Calcutta Premier Division match.
Großer Zapfenstreich
The Großer Zapfenstreich ("Grand Tattoo", "Beating Retreat") is a military ceremony performed in Germany and Austria. It is similar to the military tattoo ceremony performed in English-speaking countries, and is the most important ceremonial act executed by the German federal armed forces, the Bundeswehr, and by the Austrian federal armed forces Bundesheer. The Zapfenstreich is performed only during national celebrations and solemn public commemorations, to honour distinguished persons present at such special events. Examples are the farewell ceremony for a German federal president, or at the conclusion of large military exercises. It takes place in the evening hours and consists of a military formation of at least one military band, two platoons of armed infantrymen, and two lines of soldiers carrying torches, in total about 400 men.

When foreign heads of state or military units are honoured, their respective national anthems are played.

Ceremony
A ceremony (UK: /ˈsɛrəməni/, US: /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/) is a unified ritualistic event with a purpose, usually consisting of a number of artistic components, performed on a special occasion.

The word may be of Etruscan origin, via the Latin caerimonia.
Weibel–Palade body
Weibel–Palade bodies are the storage granules of endothelial cells, the cells that form the inner lining of the blood vessels and heart. They manufacture, store and release two principal molecules, von Willebrand factor and P-selectin, and thus play a dual role in hemostasis and inflammation.

Granule (cell biology)
In cell biology, a granule is a small particle barely visible by light microscopy. The term is most often used to describe a secretory vesicle containing important components of cell physiology. Examples of granules include granulocytes, platelet granules, insulin granules, germane granules, starch granules, and stress granules. It is considered as a cell organelle.
Beetaloo
17°12′58″S 133°48′07″E﻿ / ﻿17.216°S 133.802°E﻿ / -17.216; 133.802﻿ (Beetaloo)
Beetaloo is the name of a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Northern Territory, known as Beetaloo Station. It is also the name of an area in the Sturt Plateau, known as the Beetaloo Sub-Basin or Beetaloo Basin, around 500 kilometres (310 mi) south-east of Darwin, between Mataranka to the north and Elliott to the south. This area is rich in natural gas, which can be exploited by fracking, which has caused controversy.

Mataranka, Northern Territory
Mataranka is a town and locality in the Northern Territory of Australia located about 420 km (260 mi.) southeast of the territory capital of Darwin, and 107 km (66 mi.) south of Katherine.  At the 2016 census, Mataranka recorded a population of 350. 29.5% of residents are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.

The town is located near Roper River and Mataranka Hot Springs. This area is the setting for Jeannie Gunn's autobiographical account of the year 1902, We of the Never Never. The homestead, which she shared with her husband, Aeneas Gunn, until his death, has been reconstructed near to the hot springs.

The Mataranka Station is part of the Katherine Rural College of Charles Darwin University.
I'm Just a Prisoner
I'm Just a Prisoner is the debut album by American singer Candi Staton released in 1970 on Capitol Records. The album peaked at No. 37 on the US Billboard Top R&B Albums chart and No. 28 on the UK Independent Albums chart.

UK Independent Singles and Albums Charts
The UK Independent Singles Chart and UK Independent Albums Chart are charts of the best-selling independent singles and albums, respectively, in the United Kingdom. Originally published in January 1980, and widely known as the indie chart, the relevance of the chart dwindled in the 1990s as major-label ownership blurred the boundary between independent and major labels.

Separate independent charts are currently published weekly by the Official Charts Company.