hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gørlev
Gørlev is a town on the west coast of the island of Zealand in Denmark. It has a population of 2,396 (1 January 2025) and belongs to Kalundborg Municipality in Region Sjælland. To the west are Musholm Bugt (Musholm Bay), the Storebælt (Great Belt) — the strait separating Zealand and the island of Funen -, and Jammerland Bugt (Jammerland Bay).

Region Zealand
Region Zealand (Danish: Region Sjælland) is an administrative region of Denmark. It is one of the five classified NUTS-2 statistical regions of Denmark. It was established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which abolished the traditional counties ("amter"). The region incorporates the southernmost parts of the country, and encompasses an area of 7,223 km2 (2,789 sq mi).

Zealand will merge with the Capital Region of Denmark on 1 January 2027 to create the Region of Eastern Denmark.

The region shares the island of Sjælland (Zealand) with the neighbouring Capital Region of Copenhagen. The region also includes the islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn. It incorporates the provinces of Østsjælland and Vest-og Sydsjælland, which consists of 17 municipalities. With a population of just over 0.85 million, it is the second least populated of the all the regions in Denmark. The largest city is Roskilde.
Becher process
The Becher process is a process to produce rutile, a form of titanium dioxide, from the ore ilmenite. Although it is competitive with the chloride process and the sulfate process, the Becher process is not used on scale.

With the idealized formula FeTiO3, ilmenite contains 55-65% titanium dioxide, the rest being iron oxide. The Becher process, like other beneficiation processes, aims to remove iron.  The Becher process exploits the conversion of the ferrous iron (FeO) to ferric iron (Fe2O3). Ilmenite ores can be upgraded to synthetic rutile by increasing their TiO2 content to between 90 and 96 percent.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Query-level feature
A query-level feature (QLF) is a ranking feature utilized in a machine-learned ranking algorithm.

Example QLFs:

How many times has this query been run in the last month?

How many words are in the query?

What is the sum/average/min/max/median of the BM25F values for the query?

Okapi BM25
In information retrieval, Okapi BM25 (BM is an abbreviation of best matching) is a ranking function used by search engines to estimate the relevance of documents to a given search query. It is based on the probabilistic retrieval framework developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Stephen E. Robertson, Karen Spärck Jones, and others.

The name of the actual ranking function is BM25. The fuller name, Okapi BM25, includes the name of the first system to use it, which was the Okapi information retrieval system, implemented at London's City University in the 1980s and 1990s. BM25 and its newer variants, e.g. BM25F (a version of BM25 that can take document structure and anchor text into account), represent TF-IDF-like retrieval functions used in document retrieval.
FH Joanneum
FH Joanneum is one of the largest universities of applied sciences (UAS) in Austria. It has about 5,000 students and about 750 employees. The main campus is located in Graz and there are two additional locations in Kapfenberg and Bad Gleichenberg. All three are situated in the province Styria in Austria. FH Joanneum offers almost 70 degree programs in a variety of areas including business, technology, design, media, architecture, health and social services. The programmes are practically oriented, project-based and interdisciplinary.

Means of communication
Means of communication or media are ways used by people to communicate and exchange information with each other as an information sender and a receiver. Diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication are called mass media.
Jack Martin (footballer, born 1904)
John Martin (10 December 1904 – March 1984) was an English footballer who played as an outside left in the Football League for Darlington, Leeds United, Accrington Stanley, Bury and Doncaster Rovers. He was on the books of Reading, without playing League football for them, and played non-league football for Hebburn Colliery, Connahs Quay & Shotton – with whom he won the Welsh Cup in 1929 – and Guildford City.

Guildford City F.C.
Guildford City Football Club (formerly Guildford United and AFC Guildford) is a football club based in Guildford, Surrey, England. The club was established in 1921, folded in 1974 and was reformed in 1996. Guildford City play in the Combined Counties League Premier Division South.
Steven Loza
Steven Joseph "Steve" Loza (born August 9, 1952) is professor of ethnomusicology at UCLA and Lecturer III in music at the University of New Mexico.  He is an author of two books and editor of four anthologies in Latin music, including the first in-depth biography of Tito Puente.

Steven Loza has B.A. in music from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, a Ph.D. in ethnomusicology (1985), and a master's degree in Latin American studies (1979), both from UCLA.

Taking a two-year leave of absence from the UCLA, he headed the Arts of Americas Institute in the University of New Mexico College of Fine Arts.

He has served on the national screening committee of the Grammy Awards for many years.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Altan Debter
The Altan Debter, Golden Book (Mongolian Cyrillic: Алтан дэвтэр Altan devter, Mongolian script: ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ Altan debter) is an early, now lost history of the Mongols. Rashid-al-Din Hamadani had access to it when writing his Chronicles, Jami al-Tawarikh. Some believe that The Secret History of the Mongols is based on it, though the historian David Morgan argues that the two sources, though in agreement on broad facts and events, are "clearly quite independent of each other." It also inspired the still-extant Shengwu qinzheng lu.

Mongolian script
The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. The script has been a co-official script since 2025, alongside the Cyrillic script for the language. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right . Derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet, it is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki.

Computer operating systems have been slow to adopt support for the Mongolian script; almost all have incomplete support or other text rendering difficulties.
Denis Herard
Denis Herard ECA (March 28, 1944 – September 6, 2023) was a Canadian politician from Alberta who served as a Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta MLA for Calgary-Egmont. He was French-Canadian, with fore-fathers coming majorly from Quebec.

Herard was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1993 Alberta general election. He served four terms as a back bench MLA for the Progressive Conservatives. On April 6, 2006, Herard was sworn into the Executive Council of Alberta as the Minister of Advanced Education after Lyle Oberg was asked to leave caucus.

In late 2007, Herard announced he would not seek re-election in the next provincial election. He died on September 6, 2023, at the age of 79.

1993 Alberta general election
The 1993 Alberta general election was held on June 15, 1993, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The Conservative government was re-elected, taking 51 seats out of 83 (61 percent of the seats) but only having support of 45 percent of voters.

It is notable because it was seen by some as a contest between the former mayors of Calgary and Edmonton, Ralph Klein and Laurence Decore, respectively.

Until the government's defeat in 2015, this election was the closest the Progressive Conservatives came to losing since coming to power in 1971.
Pascale Paradis
Pascale Paradis-Mangon (born 24 April 1966) is a former professional tennis player from France.

Paradis was the World Junior Champion in women's singles in 1983. She reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon in 1988, defeating Manuela Maleeva, Nathalie Herreman, Robin White and Anne Minter, and then she lost to Steffi Graf. She finished 1988 ranked number 20 on the WTA rankings. She won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour during her career. She retired in 1993 with a 137–158 win–loss record in singles.

Robin White (tennis)
Robin White (born December 10, 1963) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

White played on the WTA Tour from 1983 to 1995. She won two singles titles: in Hershey, Pennsylvania, in 1985 and in Auckland in 1992. The highlight of her career was her victory with Gigi Fernández in the US Open women's doubles in 1988. She won 11 other doubles titles, including the US Open mixed doubles in 1989 with Shelby Cannon. She was a finalist in the Australian Open mixed doubles in 1991 and reached the final of the women's doubles in 1994 with Katerina Maleeva.

White's singles record includes wins over Pam Shriver, Hana Mandlíková and Gabriela Sabatini. Her highest rankings were world No. 15 for singles and No. 8 for doubles. She currently is a full-time national coach for women's tennis for the USTA.

She is not related to Anne White, a contemporary on the WTA tour.
Víctor García (Spanish singer)
Víctor García (born 5 June 1970 in Brisbane, Australia) is the lead vocalist and songwriter for the heavy metal band WarCry. He is the central figure and sole original member of WarCry and a former Avalanch lead vocalist, being considered one of the best Spanish metal singers. García has often cited that his biggest and most important influences are Stryper, Manowar, and Virgin Steele.

Manowar
Manowar is an American heavy metal band from Auburn, New York. Formed in 1980, the group is known for lyrics based on fantasy (particularly sword and sorcery) and mythology (particularly Norse and Greco-Roman mythology) as well as numerous songs celebrating the genre and its core audience. The band is also known for a loud and emphatic sound. In an interview for MTV in February 2007, bassist Joey DeMaio lamented that "these days, there's a real lack of big, epic metal that is drenched with crushing guitars and choirs and orchestras... so it's nice to be one of the few bands that's actually doing that". In 1984, Manowar was included in the Guinness Book of World Records for delivering the loudest performance, a record that they have since broken on two occasions. They also hold the world record for the longest heavy metal concert after playing for five hours and one minute in Bulgaria (at Kavarna Rock Fest) in 2008. They are known for their slogan "death to false metal".
Sarah Copeland Hanzas
Sarah L. Copeland Hanzas (born July 9, 1970) is an American Democratic Party politician who is serving as the secretary of state of Vermont. She previously served in the Vermont House of Representatives from Orange County's 2nd district, having been first elected in 2004.

Copeland Hanzas was elected as the Secretary of State in 2022 and 2024, defeating Republican nominee and perennial candidate H. Brooke Paige both times.

Orange County, Vermont
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,277. Its shire town (county seat) is the town of Chelsea. Orange County was chartered on August 11, 1781.
Willie Mueller
Willard Lawrence Mueller Jr. (/ˈmɪlər/; born August 30, 1956) is an American baseball coach and former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher. He spent his entire playing career with the Milwaukee Brewers organization (1978–1983), although in 1981, he was briefly loaned to the Denver Bears of the American Association, who were an affiliate of the Montreal Expos at the time.

Denver Zephyrs
The Denver Zephyrs (formerly the Denver Bears) were a Minor League Baseball team based in Denver, Colorado, United States. They were a Triple-A team that played in the American Association from 1955 to 1962, the Pacific Coast League from 1963 to 1968, and the American Association again from 1969 to 1992. They played their home games at Mile High Stadium.

The Zephyrs won the American Association championship on seven occasions: 1957, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1983, and 1991. They also won the 1957 Junior World Series and the 1991 Triple-A Classic.
Beef hormone controversy
The beef hormone controversy or beef hormone dispute is a disagreement over the use of growth hormones in beef production.

In 1989, the European Communities banned the import of meat that contained artificial beef growth hormones, although they were approved for use in the United States. In 2003 estradiol-17β was permanently banned, while provisionally banning five others. World Trade Organization (WTO) rules permit such bans, but only where a signatory presents valid scientific evidence that the ban is a health and safety measure. Canada and the United States opposed this ban, taking the EU to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. In 1997, the WTO Dispute Settlement Body ruled against the EU.

It remains one of the most intractable agricultural trade controversies since the establishment of the WTO. It is not the same as the UK–EU dispute over bovine spongiform encephalopathy, although both have been termed the "beef war".

Scientific evidence
Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls.
Brian Mariano
Brian Mariano (born 22 January 1985) is a Curaçaoan sprinter who specializes in the 100 and 200 metres and starts for the Netherlands, formerly for Netherlands Antilles until October 1, 2010. He finished fourth-fastest in the men's 60 metres heats at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Doha, but was disqualified in the semifinals. He won a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games in Mayaguez alongside Prince Kwidama, Curtis Cock and Churandy Martina.

Mariano finished sixth in the 60 metres at the 2011 European Athletics Indoor Championships in Paris, representing the Netherlands for the first time.

Mariano ran his personal best over 100 m and 200 m at the UTEP Invitational on 10 April 2010.

After a race on 6 February 2016 he tested positive in a doping test.

2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics was held between 12 and 14 March at the Aspire Dome in Doha, Qatar. The championships was the first of six IAAF World Athletics Series events to take place in 2010.
Mitchell Brothers O'Farrell Theatre
The Mitchell Brothers O'Farrell Theatre was a strip club at 895 O'Farrell Street near San Francisco's Tenderloin neighborhood. Having opened as an X-rated movie theater by Jim and Artie Mitchell on July 4, 1969, the O'Farrell was one of America's most notorious adult-entertainment establishments.  By 1980, the nightspot had popularized close-contact lap dancing, which would become the norm in strip clubs nationwide. Journalist Hunter S. Thompson, a longtime friend of the Mitchells and frequent visitor at the club, went there frequently during the summer of 1985 as part of his research for a possible book on pornography. Thompson called the O'Farrell "the Carnegie Hall of public sex in America" and Playboy magazine praised it as "the place to go in San Francisco!"

The club closed permanently in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, after a few years of struggling financially.

X rating
An X rating is a film rating that indicates that the film contains content that is considered to be suitable only for adults. Films with an X rating may have scenes of graphic violence or explicit sexual acts that may be disturbing or offensive to some viewers. The X rating is used in different ways by different countries, and it may have legal or commercial implications for the distribution and exhibition of such films. For example, some countries may ban or restrict the sale or rental of X-rated films, while others may allow them only in specific theaters or with special taxes. Some countries may also have different criteria or definitions for what constitutes an X-rated film, and some may consider the artistic merit of the film as a factor in classification. The X rating has been renamed or replaced by other ratings in some countries over time.
1978 Major League Baseball postseason
The 1978 Major League Baseball postseason was the playoff tournament of Major League Baseball for the 1978 season. The winners of each division advance to the postseason and face each other in a League Championship Series to determine the pennant winners that face each other in the World Series.

This was the second of two consecutive postseasons to feature the same teams – the New York Yankees, Kansas City Royals, Philadelphia Phillies, and Los Angeles Dodgers. The former three teams all returned for the 1980 postseason, and all four returned in the expanded 1981 and 2024 postseasons. As of 2026, this is the last edition of the postseason to feature the same teams as the previous year’s.

The playoffs began on October 3, 1978, and concluded on October 17, 1978, with the Yankees again defeating the Dodgers in six games in the 1978 World Series. The Yankees repeated as World Series champions, winning their 22nd championship.

League Championship Series
The League Championship Series (LCS) is the semifinal round of postseason play in Major League Baseball which has been conducted since 1969. In 1981, and since 1995, the two annual series have matched up the winners of the Division Series, and the winners advance to meet in the World Series. The LCS comprises the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and National League Championship Series (NLCS).
Alberto Hauss
Alberto Hauss (9 March 1954 – October 2025) also known as Ingo Hauss and Bela Lagonda, was a German composer and producer. He worked on projects with artists such as Oliver Cheatham, Beats 4 You, Chocolate, U96, F.R.E.U.D, Boytronic, ATC, and Culture Beat. He died on 21 October 2025.

A Touch of Class (group)
A Touch of Class (often shortened in initials as ATC) were an international Eurodance group based in Germany. The pop group was active from 1997 and their most successful release was "Around the World (La La La La La)", released in 2000. The group disbanded at the end of 2003.
Holy Name of Jesus Catholic Church (Indialantic, Florida)
Holy Name of Jesus Catholic Church is a Roman Catholic parish located in Indialantic, Florida. It is under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Orlando. Its name is often shortened to "Holy Name" in conversation and "HNJ" in informal writing.

A book, Excellent Catholic Parishes, selected the Holy Name of Jesus (HNJ) as one of the top 100 parishes in the county.

The church is a founding member of the SpaceCoast Interfaith Coalition.

Indialantic, Florida
28°05′16″N 80°34′08″W﻿ / ﻿28.087861°N 80.568857°W﻿ / 28.087861; -80.568857

Indialantic, officially incorporated as Indialantic-By-The-Sea, is a town in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town's population was 3,010 at the 2020 United States census, up from 2,720 at the 2010 census.

The town's name is a portmanteau derived from the town's location between the Indian River Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean.
Markazu Saqafathi Sunniyya
Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya, also known as Markaz is a nonprofit organization in India, which administers educational and charitable institutions throughout the country. Its head office is located in Kozhikode city in Kerala. It was established in 1978.

Markaz also has a branch in Dubai under the supervision of Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities Department of Dubai (Markaz, Dubai also called Dubai Markaz) with various courses in Islamic studies.

Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities Department
The Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities Department (IACAD) is an agency of the government of Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

It was founded on October 24,1969. The Department was originally known as the Department of Awqaf, and it was responsible for awqaf (in Islamic law, a religious endowment). Subsequently Islamic affairs were added to the department's responsibilities.
Mohammed al-Hazmiri
Abu Abd Allah Mohammed ibn Mohammed ibn Abd Allah ibn Tijillat al-Hazmiri al-Marrakushi (born in Nafis, near Aghmat fl. 1320) was a Moroccan writer of the 14th century, member of the zawiyya Hazmiriyya and author of Itimid al-aynayn wa-nushat an-nazir in fi manaqib al-ahawayn Abi Zayd wa-Abi Abd Allah al-Hazmiryyayn.

Aghmat
Aghmat (Tashelhit: Aɣmat, Arabic: أغمات Āghmāt; pronounced locally Ughmat, Uɣmat) was an important commercial medieval Berber town in Morocco. It is today an archaeological site known as "Joumâa Aghmat".

The city is located approximately 30 km south-east of Marrakesh on the Ourika road. The initial "a" of the name may be unvocalized, and the name may sometimes be spelled "Ghmat", "Ghmate" or even the French-style "Rhmate" (as it appears in the Michelin Guide).

According to a Berber legend, Aghmat was populated by Christian Berbers when it was conquered in 683 by the Muslim forces of Uqba ibn Nafi, a general of the Umayyad Caliphate in Syria. However, this story first surfaces almost 700 years after that date, and many historians give it no credibility. It is directly contradicted by one of the earliest Persian historians, al-Baladhuri. who states that Musa bin Nusair conquered the Sous and erected the mosque at Aghmāt.