hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Herron (Pittsburgh politician)
John Herron, served as Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1849 to 1850. He was a Whig. He was the son of Dr. Francis Herron, the well-known Presbyterian Minister. The Herrons were among the founding families of Pittsburgh. He captained the Duquesne Grays in the Mexican-American War during the Siege of Veracruz. His war feats greatly enhanced his electability and President Zachary Taylor visited the city during Mayor Herron's term.

Siege of Veracruz
On 9 March 1847, during the Mexican–American War, the United States military made an amphibious landing and besieged the key Mexican seaport of Veracruz. The port surrendered twenty days later. The U.S. forces then marched inland to Mexico City.
1923 Washington & Jefferson Presidents football team
The 1923 Washington & Jefferson Presidents football team was an American football team that represented Washington & Jefferson College as an independent during the 1923 college football season. The team compiled a 6–1–1 record. John Heisman was the head coach.

1923 college football season
The 1923 college football season saw several teams finish their seasons unbeaten and untied. As such, numerous schools claim a national championship for the 1923 season. Illinois (coached by Bob Zuppke) and Michigan (coached by Fielding "Hurry-Up" Yost), both members of what is now the Big Ten Conference, finished with records of 8–0 and were selected as national champion by multiple selectors. Illinois featured break-out star Red Grange. Ivy League teams Yale and Cornell also had undefeated seasons. Cornell was selected as national champion by one selector.

Southern Methodist University (SMU) had a record of 9–0, thanks to coach Ray Morrison bringing the forward pass to the southwest.  Teams that had no defeats, but had been tied, were California (9–0–1), Texas (8–0–1), and Kansas (5–0–3).

In the 1924 Rose Bowl, Washington tied Navy 14–14.
Örby, Kinna
57°29′07″N 12°41′34″E﻿ / ﻿57.48520°N 12.69270°E﻿ / 57.48520; 12.69270

Örby is a part of the town Kinna in Mark Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. The area has about 2,000 inhabitants and was formerly a locality of its own, but has grown together with Kinna.

Örby is the home of sports club IFK Örby.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Bracebridge Jail
The Bracebridge Jail, historically also referred to as the Bracebridge Gaol, located in Bracebridge, Ontario, Canada, was a maximum-security facility housing offenders awaiting trial, sentencing, transfer to federal and provincial correctional facilities, immigration hearings or deportation, and less frequently, those serving short sentences (under 90 days). The jail opened in 1882 and closed in 1946. The jail was operated by the local municipality under the Office of the Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities (1882–1934), and the Reformatories and Prisons Branch of the Department of the Provincial Secretary (1934–1946), precursors to the modern Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services.

Ministry of the Solicitor General
The Ministry of the Solicitor General (French: Ministère du Solliciteur général; formerly known as the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services) is the ministry in the Government of Ontario responsible for public security, law enforcement and policing, emergency management, correctional and detention centres/jails and organizations such as the Ontario Provincial Police, Emergency Management Ontario, and the Office of the Fire Marshal.

The minister responsible is Michael Kerzner, Solicitor General of Ontario.
Sulochana Katkar
Sulochana Ramakant Katkar (1929–2012) was an Indian politician and a member of the Indian National Congress in Goa. She served as a nominated member of the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly from 1984 to 1989 and was the longest-serving president of the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee (GPCC).

Goa Legislative Assembly
The Goa Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state of Goa in India. The Assembly meets at the Goa State Legislative Assembly Complex in Porvorim, Bardez. The Eighth Goa Legislative Assembly consists of 40 members. The assembly is in charge of the budget, the Assembly appropriates money for social programs, agricultural development, infrastructure development, etc. It is also responsible for proposing and levying taxes.
Gálveztown (brig sloop)
Gálveztown, originally HMS West Florida, was a two–masted brigantine which the Continental Navy schooner USS Morris captured at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain, which was then in the British province of West Florida. West Florida became Gálveztown, supposedly under the command of Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (New Spain).

There are claims that she participated in the siege and capture of Pensacola in March 1781. However, documentary evidence suggests that she arrived in Philadelphia with cargo on 1 June 1780, and therefore could not have participated in this action in March 1781.

Siege of Pensacola
The siege of Pensacola, fought from March 9 to May 10, 1781, was the culmination of Spain's conquest of West Florida during the Gulf Coast Campaign of the American Revolutionary War. The siege was commanded by Bernardo de Gálvez, whose nearly 8,000 troops ultimately overran the British forces in the region. The success of the siege resulted in Gálvez' promotion to governor of West Florida and Louisiana.
Psiloboletinus
Psiloboletinus is a fungal genus in the family Suillaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Psiloboletinus lariceti, first described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1938 as a species of Phylloporus. Alexander H. Smith disagreed with Singer's generic concept, concluding "No matter what disposition of the type species of Psiloboletinus is eventually made, it is evident that there are no clearly distinctive characters on which to recognize the genus on the basis of Singer's descriptions."

Rolf Singer
Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics).

He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy". He fled to various countries during the Nazi period, pursuing mycology in the Soviet Union, Argentina, and finally the United States, as mycologist at the Field Museum in Chicago.
Rollye James
Rochelle "Rollye" James is an American radio talk show host. She hosted The Rollye James Show nationally and on international shortwave on WWCR from 2000 to 2011. Rollye revived her show, broadcasting weeknights 10p.m.–midnight, via live stream and podcast on June 19, 2013. It is now broadcast currently on WGN 720 in Chicago and on the web. She is also the author of "What Am I Doing Here? (when everything I want is somewhere else)", a motivational book punctuated with numerous historical radio anecdotes published by Nickajack Press.  Rollye James was also a guest host on Coast to Coast AM on Friday and Monday nights for several months in 2000, which helped increase the audience for her own show.

WWCR
WWCR is a shortwave radio station located in Nashville, Tennessee, in the United States. WWCR uses four 100 kW transmitters to broadcast on about a dozen frequencies.

WWCR mainly leases out its four transmitters to religious organizations and speakers. It served as the shortwave home of Genesis Communications Network's programs. However, it does air a few hours of original programming per week.

F.W. Robbert Broadcasting also owns the AM (mediumwave) stations WNQM in Nashville, WMQM and WLRM in Memphis, WITA in Knoxville, and WVOG in New Orleans. Some of WWCR's programming is also broadcast on these local stations.
Lissodynerus
Lissodynerus is an Indomalayan and Australasian genus of potter wasps. The following species are classified under Lissodynerus:

Lissodynerus agilis (Smith, 1858)

Lissodynerus ater Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus celebensis Selis, 2017

Lissodynerus desaussurei Borsato, 2003

Lissodynerus duplofasciatus (Schulthess, 1934)

Lissodynerus impulsus (Smith, 1865)

Lissodynerus kurandensis Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus laminiger (Gribodo, 1891)

Lissodynerus nigripennis Giordani Soika, 1993

Lissodynerus niveatus Giordani Soika, 1994

Lissodynerus pallidus Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus philippinensis (Schulthess, 1913)

Lissodynerus rutlandicus Kumar, Srinivasan & Carpenter, 2015

Lissodynerus septemfasciatus (Smith, 1858)

Lissodynerus simillimus Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus Solomon Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus trilaminatus Giordani Soika, 1995

Lissodynerus vespoides (Williams, 1919)

Lissodynerus wilhelmi Giordani Soika, 1996

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
Ludwig Eid
Ludwig Eid (12 September 1865, in Obermoschel – 21 October 1936, in Munich) was a German educator and historian. He was the author of many works on Palatinate and Bavarian history.

In 1883–85 he attended the Catholic teacher training college in Speyer, and later worked as an instructor in Speyer (1888–91) and Blieskastel (1891–95). From 1895 to 1903 he worked as a Präparandenlehrer (doctoral teacher) in Rosenheim, where he founded a history museum (1895) and took charge of the city archives (since 1900). From 1903 to 1909 he was a doctoral teacher in the city of Eichstätt.

He furthered his education at the University of Heidelberg, taking classes in pedagogy, history and German language studies, and from 1909 to 1929, served as director of the Catholic teacher training college in Speyer.

Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).
Stromatinia cepivora
Stromatinia cepivora is a fungus in the division Ascomycota. It is the teleomorph of Sclerotium cepivorum, the cause of white rot in onions, garlic, and leeks. The infective sclerotia remain viable in the soil for many years and are stimulated to germinate by the presence of a susceptible crop.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
Boychuk
Boychuk or Boichuk (Ukrainian: Бойчук) is a Ukrainian surname.

People with the surname include:

Alexander Boichuk (born 1950), Ukrainian mathematician

Andriy Boychuk (born 1976), Ukrainian politician

Andy Boychuk (born 1941), Canadian long-distance runner

Bohdan Boychuk (born 1996), Ukrainian footballer

Ihor Boychuk (born 1994), Ukrainian footballer

Johnny Boychuk (born 1984), Canadian hockey player

Maksim Boychuk (born 1997), Russian footballer

Mykhailo Boychuk (1882–1937), Ukrainian painter, founder of Boychukism

Rick Boychuk (born c. 1947), Canadian labour leader and politician

Sofiya Nalepinska-Boychuk (1884–1937), Ukrainian artist

Tanya Boychuk (born 2000), Canadian soccer player

Taras Boychuk (born 1966), Ukrainian chronobiologist

Tymofiy Boychuk (1897–1922), Ukrainian painter

Zach Boychuk (born 1989), Canadian hockey player

Sofiya Nalepinska-Boychuk
Sofiya Oleksandrivna Nalepinska-Boychuk (Ukrainian: Софія Олександрівна Налепинська-Бойчук; 30 July 1884 Łódź — 11 December 1937, Kyiv)) was a Polish-born Ukrainian artist, now largely known for her woodcuts.
Služátky
Služátky is a municipality and village in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Služátky lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Havlíčkův Brod, 35 km (22 mi) north of Jihlava, and 86 km (53 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Laurie Osher
Laurie Osher (born June 8, 1960) is an American politician, who was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 2020. She will represent the 123rd House District as a member of the Maine Democratic Party.

Prior to her election to the state legislature, Osher served on the town council of Orono.

Osher moved to Maine in 1999 to join the faculty at the University of Maine.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Sâi
The Sâi (also: Șiu) is a left tributary of the river Danube in Romania. It discharges into the Danube near Turnu Măgurele. It flows parallel to the lower course of the river Olt, about 5 km east of the Olt, through the villages Dăneasa, Sprâncenata, Beciu, Plopii-Slăvitești, Slobozia Mândra, Uda-Clocociov, Saelele, Lunca, Segarcea-Vale and Lița. Its length is 85 km (53 mi) and its basin size is 314 km2 (121 sq mi).

Uda-Clocociov
Uda-Clocociov is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Uda-Clocociov and Uda-Paciurea. These were part of Slobozia Mândra Commune until 2004, when they were split off.
Will Poole
William Starling Poole (born July 24, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans and was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL draft.

Poole was also a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Toronto Argonauts, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Sacramento Mountain Lions and San Antonio Talons.

Ventura College
Ventura College is a public community college in Ventura, California. Established in 1925, the college has a 112-acre (45 ha) campus with an enrollment of 13,763 students. It is part of the Ventura County Community College District.
Two Point Campus
Two Point Campus is a business simulation game developed by Two Point Studios and published by Sega. It is a successor to Two Point Hospital (2018) and tasks the player with building and managing a university campus. The game was released for Linux, macOS, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on 9 August 2022. The game received positive reviews upon release. A successor, Two Point Museum, was announced in August 2024 and released in March 2025.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
Portmanteau test
A portmanteau test is a type of statistical hypothesis test in which the null hypothesis is well specified, but the alternative hypothesis is more loosely specified. Tests constructed in this context can have the property of being at least moderately powerful against a wide range of departures from the null hypothesis. Thus, in applied statistics, a portmanteau test provides a reasonable way of proceeding as a general check of a model's match to a dataset where there are many different ways in which the model may depart from the underlying data generating process. The use of such tests avoids having to be very specific about the particular type of departure being tested.

Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).
Bunnies on the Bayou
Bunnies on the Bayou is a 501(c)(3) organization which hosts an annual party and fundraising event each year on Easter Sunday. The organization is organized by and primarily serves members of the LGBT community of Houston, Texas, in the United States. According to its website, the organization's mission is to raise funds for "various charitable, educational and cultural programs that seek to improve the quality of life for individuals in the LGBTQ community and promotes education and awareness of individual human rights within greater Houston area. The fundraiser is one of Houston's largest outdoor events and has been called the city's" largest annual outdoor cocktail party".

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Reputation (1921 film)
Reputation is a lost 1921 American silent drama film produced and distributed by the Universal Film Manufacturing Company and directed by Stuart Paton. Priscilla Dean stars in what was considered one of her finest performances.

Stuart Paton
Stuart Paton (23 July 1883 – 16 December 1944) was a British director, screenwriter and actor of the silent era. Paton mostly worked with Universal, and is accredited with directing 67 films between 1915 and 1938. He also wrote for 24 films between 1914 and 1927.
Homburg Watchtower
The Homburg Watchtower (German: Homburgswarte) is an observation tower on the site of a Germanic refuge castle (Fliehburg) near the Hexentanzplatz above the town of Thale in the Harz Mountains of central Germany.

Harz
The Harz (German: [haːɐ̯ts] ⓘ), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart (hill forest). The name Hercynia derives from a Celtic name and could refer to other mountain forests, but has also been applied to the geology of the Harz. The Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above sea level. The Wurmberg (971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony.
Mantidactylus mocquardi
Mantidactylus mocquardi is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae.
It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, intermittent rivers, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
Orchard Road (Illinois)
Orchard Road is a major north-south road carrying traffic through Kane and Kendall Counties in northeast Illinois.  It exists as a county highway in both counties.  It runs from Oswego through Aurora to North Aurora, where it connects with Randall Road.  Much traffic continues northward on Randall Road to access Batavia, Illinois and points northward in the Fox Valley.

Kendall County, Illinois
Kendall County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois, within the Chicago metropolitan area. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 131,869. Its county seat is Yorkville, and its most populous municipality is Oswego.

Kendall County is part of the Chicago metropolitan area and was the fastest-growing county in the United States between 2000 and 2010.