hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eulogio Martínez
Eulogio Ramiro Martínez (11 June 1935 – 30 September 1984) was a Paraguayan-born footballer who played as a striker. He played for the Spanish side Barcelona in the 1950s and 1960s, and is remembered for being a prolific striker with an excellent finishing ability.

He was reputed to be the creator of the "Martinez Turn", which can be seen on Movietone footage of Barcelona's quarter-final match against Wolves in the 1959–60 European Cup. This move later received worldwide acclaim as the "Cruyff Turn" and although Johan Cruyff was at Barcelona when he demonstrated it in the 1974 World Cup, Martinez has never received any credit despite using it at least 14 years earlier.

APF División de Honor
The División de Honor or División Profesional de la Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol (locally [diβiˈsjom pɾofesjoˈnal de la asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Professional Division of the Paraguayan Football Association"), or due to sponsorship reasons Copa de Primera Tigo – ueno bank, is the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. Currently, there are 12 teams in the first division.

The most successful club is Olimpia, with 47 championships. Cerro Porteño are the most recent champions, having won the 2025 Clausura tournament. As of 2022, IFFHS ranked the league as the 10th strongest in the world and 3rd in South America.
Dumluca, Derik
Dumluca (Kurdish: Sîpnat) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Derik, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Metînan tribe and had a population of 543 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
2010 Under-21 Provincial Championship Group B
The 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championship Group B was contested from 6 August to 15 October 2010. The tournament (also known as the ABSA Under-21 Provincial Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the second tier of 2010 edition of the Under-21 Provincial Championship, an annual Under-21 inter-provincial rugby union competition featuring fourteen South African provincial unions.

The tournament was won by Falcons U21; they beat Eastern Province U21 53–36 in the final played on 15 October 2010. They were also promoted to Group A for 2011.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Astolfo Petrazzi
Astolfo Petrazzi (1583–1665) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in his hometown of Siena, but also Spoleto and Rome. He was a pupil of mainly Francesco Vanni, but also worked under Ventura Salimbeni and Pietro Sorri.

Spoleto
42°45′23″N 12°41′08″E﻿ / ﻿42.7564791°N 12.68547°E﻿ / 42.7564791; 12.68547
Spoleto (/spəˈleɪtoʊ/, also US: /spoʊˈleɪtoʊ, spoʊˈliːtoʊ/, UK: /spoʊˈlɛtoʊ/, Italian: [spoˈleːto]; Latin: Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is 20 km (12 mi) south of Trevi, 29 km (18 mi) north of Terni, 63 km (39 mi) southeast of Perugia; 212 km (132 mi) southeast of Florence; and 126 km (78 mi) north of Rome.
Abraham Jones (footballer)
Abraham Jones (1875–1942) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Middlesbrough and West Bromwich Albion. His son, another Abraham, also played league football.

Jones was a reserve for England for the 1903–04 British Home Championship match away to Scotland, which England won 1–0, but he was never capped.

1903–04 British Home Championship
The 1903–04 British Home Championship football tournament was a low-scoring affair, won by a powerful England side who were followed by the unfancied Irish in second place. The tournament was played during the second half of the British domestic season and was, for the time, low-scoring.

England began well, with a hard-fought draw with Wales and a 3–1 victory over Ireland in their opening games. Scotland were unable to match this success, only managing draws against both sides. The Irish recovered from their early loss in their draw with Scotland and managed to beat the Welsh 1–0 in Bangor to claim second place. In the final game, England and Scotland played out a close encounter which England won 1–0 thanks to a goal by Steve Bloomer.

This was the first time in tournament history that either England or Scotland finished below second place.
Thomas Uhlen
Thomas Uhlen (born 25 July 1985) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. In the 2022 Lower Saxony state election, he was elected member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony. From 2008 to 2009, he was the chairman of European Democrat Students. From 2011 to 2016, he was a member of the Kreistag of Osnabrück. Since 2021, he has served as mayor of Lockhausen and as a member of the Bad Essen municipal council.

Bad Essen
Bad Essen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔɛsn̩]) is a small municipality and health resort in the district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony. Bad Essen with its historical centre is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
Mangaroa railway station
Mangaroa railway station was a single-platform rural railway station on the Wairarapa Line between Upper Hutt and Featherston in the Wellington region of New Zealand’s North Island, on the section that was replaced by the Rimutaka Tunnel deviation in 1955.  It served the small rural settlement of Mangaroa, in the Mangaroa Valley, east of Upper Hutt.

Featherston, New Zealand
Featherston (Māori: Paetūmōkai) is a town in the South Wairarapa District, in the Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is at the eastern foothills of Remutaka Range close to the northern shore of Lake Wairarapa, 63 km (39 mi) north-east of central Wellington and 37 km (23 mi) south-west of Masterton.

The town has a population of 2,870  (June 2025). Featherston has increasingly become a satellite town of Wellington since the Remutaka rail tunnel opened in 1955; at the 2006 census, 36% of employed Featherston residents worked in Wellington and the Hutt Valley. This proximity to the capital, coupled with low house prices, made Featherston popular with writers, artists and those with young families, in turn leading to a recent upsurge in business investment and creative activity. From 2014 to 2019, housing prices in Featherston increased by 108% while rental prices went from an average of $140 to $400 in the same time period.
Zreniye
Zreniye (Russian: Зрение, lit. 'Vision') was a Bolshevik legal weekly newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Russia, during the Second Duma election campaign in 1907, with Lenin participating. Only two issues appeared, containing four articles by Lenin. Both were confiscated by order of the St. Petersburg Press Committee, and publication of the paper was prohibited by the St. Petersburg City Court.

Second Convocation of the State Duma of the Russian Empire
The State Duma of the Russian Empire of the Second Convocation was a representative legislative body of the Russian Empire (State Duma of the Russian Empire), convened after the early dissolution of the State Duma of the 1st convocation. It was elected according to the same rules as the previous Duma and also entered into a sharp confrontation with the Council of Ministers, and also held only one session, from February 20 to June 3, 1907, when it was dissolved (Coup of June 1907). After that, the electoral legislation was changed. The State Duma of the 2nd convocation worked for 102 days.
Cobalt(III) hydroxide
Cobalt(III) hydroxide or cobaltic hydroxide is a chemical compound with formula Co(OH)3 or H3CoO3.  It is an ionic compound, with trivalent cobalt cations Co3+ and hydroxyl anions OH−.

The compound is known in two structurally different forms, "brownish-black" and "green".  The brownish-black form is a stable solid and can be prepared by reaction of water solutions of cobalt(II) chloride and sodium hydroxide, followed by oxidation with ozone.

The green form, formerly thought to be cobalt(II) peroxide, apparently requires carbon dioxide as a catalyst. It can be prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide to a solution of cobalt(II) chloride in 96% ethanol at –30 to –35°C, then adding a 15% solution of sodium carbonate in water with intense stirring.  The resulting dark green powder is fairly stable at liquid nitrogen temperature, but at room temperature it turns dark brown within a few days.

Peroxide
Peroxides are a group of molecules with the structure R−O−O−R, where each R represents a radical (a portion of a complete molecule; not a free radical) and the O's are single oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms are joined to each other and to adjacent elements through single covalent bonds, denoted by dashes or lines. The O−O group in a peroxide is often called the peroxide group, though some nomenclature discrepancies exist. This linkage is recognized as a common polyatomic ion, and exists in many molecules.
Hope Sadler
David Hope Sadler (October 12, 1882 – August 29, 1931) was an American football player for John Heisman's Clemson Tigers of Clemson University. He was captain of the SIAA champion 1902 and 1903 Clemson Tigers football teams coached by Heisman, selected All-Southern the same years. One publication reads "Vetter Sitton and Hope Sadler were the finest ends that Clemson ever had perhaps." Sitton played on the left; Sadler on the right.

College Football All-Southern Team
The College Football All-Southern Team was an all-star team of college football players from the Southern United States.  The honor was given annually to the best players at their respective positions. It is analogous to the All-America Team and was most often selected in newspapers. Notable pickers of All-Southern teams include John Heisman, Dan McGugin, George C. Marshall, Grantland Rice, W. A. Lambeth, Reynolds Tichenor, Nash Buckingham, Innis Brown, and Dick Jemison.
Tom Gilmore (North Carolina politician)
Thomas Odell Gilmore, Sr. (November 15, 1936 - September 24, 2019) was an American nurseryman and politician in the state of North Carolina. He was born in Julian, North Carolina.

A Democrat, he served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978 and later served as Deputy Secretary of Human Resources under Gov. Jim Hunt. He ran for Governor of North Carolina in 1984, for Congress in 1988, and for North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture in 2004.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Nostradamus Ate My Hamster
Nostradamus Ate My Hamster is a fantasy novel by British author Robert Rankin. In it, several seemingly unconnected and nonsensical events come together to make perfect clarity at the end; these include time travel and an attempted alien invasion vaguely orchestrated by Hitler. The title is a reference to the infamous tabloid headline, "Freddie Starr ate my hamster".

Alien invasion
Alien invasion or space invasion is a common feature in science fiction stories and films, in which extraterrestrial lifeforms invade Earth to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it, harvest people for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether. It can be considered as a science-fiction subgenre of the invasion literature, expanded by H. G. Wells's seminal alien invasion novel The War of the Worlds, and is a type of 'first contact' science fiction.

Experts consider the prospects of an actual invasion of Earth by extraterrestrials to be extremely unlikely, due to the enormous cost in time and resources.
U.R. Mirense
União Recreativa Mirense, also called União Mirense is a Portuguese sports club from Mira de Aire.

The men's football team plays in the Honra da AF Leiria league. The team played in the Segunda Divisão, but from 1990 the Segunda Divisão B, the third tier of Portuguese football. Following relegation to the 1993–94 Terceira Divisão they were instantly relegated, but returned to this fourth tier from 2000 to 2004.

Mira de Aire
Mira de Aire (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmiɾɐ ðɨ ˈajɾɨ]) is a small town in Porto de Mós Municipality, in the district of Leiria, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,775, in an area of 15.62 km2.

A point of interest is the Natural Park of Serra de Aire e Candeeiros. The area is known for its caves that attract many tourists.

Mira de Aire is located about an hour from Portugal's capital Lisbon.
Carl Reinhold Sahlberg
Carl Reinhold Sahlberg  (January 22, 1779, Eura – October 18, 1860, Yläne) was a Finnish naturalist, primarily an entomologist specializing in beetles. He was the father of entomologist Reinhold Ferdinand Sahlberg (1811–1874), grandfather of entomologist Johan Reinhold Sahlberg (1845–1920), and great grandfather of Uunio Saalas (1882–1969).

Eura
Eura (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeu̯rɑ]) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Satakunta region. The municipality has a population of 11,093 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 630.20 square kilometres (243.32 sq mi) of which 51.33 km2 (19.82 sq mi) is water. The population density is 19.16 inhabitants per square kilometre (49.6/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality of Kiukainen was consolidated with Eura on 1 January 2009.

The municipality is one of the most distinguished places in Finland in terms of pre-historical findings. The archaeological findings are mainly from the Iron Age and include e.g. ancient dress "Euran Emännän Puku".

Local tradition had it still in the 18th century that a decisive battle against invading Sweden was held in Eura's Big Meadow (Iso Niitty) in the Middle Ages. According to the story, there was blood up to man's ankles on the meadow.
HMAS Collins
HMAS Collins (SSG 73) is the lead vessel of the six-submarine Collins class operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Named for Vice Admiral Sir John Augustine Collins, Collins was laid down in February 1990, and was the only submarine of the class to be partially constructed by Kockums' Malmo shipyard. The boat was launched in August 1993, but was not completed until ten months later. Numerous problems with the class were exposed by the lengthy sea trials period undertaken by the boat; Collins was not commissioned into the RAN until mid-1996, eighteen months behind schedule, and the submarine was not cleared for operational deployments until 2000.

With the decommissioning of HMAS Anzac on 18 May 2024, Collins became the First Lady of the Fleet as the longest serving commissioned RAN vessel.

Shiplift
A shiplift is a modern alternative for a slipway, a floating dry dock or a graving dry dock. A shiplift is used to dry dock and launch ships. It consists of a structural platform that is lifted and lowered exactly vertically, synchronously by a number of hoists. First, the platform is lowered underwater, then the ship is floated above the support, and finally the platform with support and ship is lifted and the ship is brought to the level of the quay.
Lyden (surname)
Lyden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacki Lyden (born 1953 or 1954), American news reporter

Jordan Lyden (born 1996), Australian footballer

Mitch Lyden (born 1964), American baseball player

Pierce Lyden (1908–1998), American actor

Robert Lyden (1942–1986), American actor

Ross Lyden (born 2000), Scottish footballer

Robert Lyden
Robert Marinus Lyden (May 28, 1942 – January 17, 1986) was a child actor in the 1950s.

Robert Lyden made his film debut in 1949 with Holiday Affair and also played with Doris Day in the musical film I'll See You in My Dreams (1951). The child actor is probably best-known for his role as the young space cadet "Bobby" on the 1954 science fiction television show Rocky Jones, Space Ranger. After Rocky Jones (which lasted only two seasons), he made a few more television appearances, and had roles in some feature films. He had a short role in The Searchers (1956), in which he played John Wayne's nephew Ben. Also notable was his performance as a young Creighton Chaney in Man of a Thousand Faces, the 1957 biopic about Lon Chaney starring James Cagney. This turned out to be Lyden's last role; he left show business and pursued a career in finance.
Laguerre (surname)
Laguerre is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edmond Laguerre (1834-1886), French mathematician

Enrique Laguerre (1905-2005), Puerto Rican writer

Jean Henri Georges Laguerre (1858–1912), French lawyer and politician

John Laguerre (1688-1748), French historical painter, son of Louis Laguerre

Louis Laguerre (1663-1721), French painter of the English school

Edmond Laguerre
Edmond Nicolas Laguerre (9 April 1834, Bar-le-Duc – 14 August 1886, Bar-le-Duc) was a French mathematician and a member of the Académie des sciences (1885). His main works were in the areas of geometry and complex analysis. He also investigated orthogonal polynomials (see Laguerre polynomials). Laguerre's method is a root-finding algorithm tailored to polynomials. He laid the foundations of a geometry of oriented spheres (Laguerre geometry and Laguerre plane), including the Laguerre transformation or transformation by reciprocal directions.
2020–21 Gibraltar Intermediate League
The 2020–21 Gibraltar Intermediate League is the third season of under-23 football in Gibraltar, after reforms to reserve team football in June 2018. The league will be contested by 10 teams - nine under-23 sides plus Hound Dogs and began on 8 December 2020. Lincoln Red Imps are the reigning champions. The league was suspended from 17 December 2020 to 4 April 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, when the league resumed play, the format of the league changed so that they would only play each other once.

Gibraltar Intermediate League
The Gibraltar Intermediate League is a semi-professional football league administered by the Gibraltar Football Association, launched in June 2018 as a replacement for the Gibraltar Reserves Division and the Under 18 Division in an effort to improve the standards of young Gibraltarian footballers.
William Little Brown
William Little Brown (August 9, 1789 – February 28, 1830) was a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1822 to 1824.

Brown was born near Cheraw, South Carolina, to Morgan Brown and Elizabeth Little who laid out Palmyra, Tennessee. After attending Transylvania University, he studied law under John Haywood and Joseph H. Hawkins and was admitted to the bar in 1812.

He was appointed solicitor general by Governor Willie Blount in 1814, and elected as a member of the state senate in 1819. During his term in the senate, he negotiated a treaty regarding the Kentucky/Tennessee boundary line. He was elected to a judgeship on the state's Supreme Court in 1822, but resigned in July 1824 and died in his home called "Rose Cliff" near Nashville on February 28, 1830. The state supreme court ordered the publication of a "Tribute of Respect" for Brown a month thereafter, lauding his legal acumen.

Joseph H. Hawkins
Joseph H. Hawkins (c. 1785 – 1823) was a United States Congressman from Kentucky. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky about 1785. He pursued an academic course. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. He was a member of the Kentucky State House of Representatives from 1810 to 1813 and served two years as Speaker.

He was elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry Clay (1814–1815). Hawkins was not a candidate for renomination in 1814 and resumed the practice of law. He also engaged in mercantile pursuits.

He moved to New Orleans in 1819.  Hawkins died in the vicinity of Madisonville, Louisiana (an area on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain above New Orleans) in 1823 of yellow fever, worsened while helping distressed sailors near the shore of the lake behind his home. His financial contributions aided Stephen F. Austin and others in the colonization of Texas. His son Norbonne Hawkins was killed at Goliad.
Gender and Jewish studies
Gender and Jewish studies is an emerging subfield at the intersection of gender studies, queer studies, and Jewish studies. Gender studies centers on interdisciplinary research on the phenomenon of gender. It focuses on cultural representations of gender and people's lived experience. Similarly, queer studies focuses on the cultural representations and lived experiences of queer identities to critique hetero-normative values of sex and sexuality. Jewish studies is a field that looks at Jews and Judaism, through such disciplines as history, anthropology, literary studies, linguistics, and sociology. As such, scholars of gender and Jewish studies are considering gender as the basis for understanding historical and contemporary Jewish societies. This field recognizes that much of recorded Jewish history and academic writing is told from the perspective of “the male Jew” and fails to accurately represent the diverse experiences of Jews with non-dominant gender identities.

Queer studies
Queer studies, sexual diversity studies, or LGBTQ studies is the study of topics relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoric, asexual, aromantic, queer, questioning, and intersex people and cultures.

Originally centered on LGBT history and literary theory, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in archaeology, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, the history of science, philosophy, psychology, sexology, political science, ethics, communication, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of being queer.

Queer studies is not the same as queer theory, which is an analytical viewpoint within queer studies (centered on literary studies and philosophy) that challenges the existence of "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.