hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journaling block device
JBD, or journaling block device, is a generic block device journaling layer in the Linux kernel written by Stephen Tweedie from Red Hat. JBD is filesystem-independent. ext3, ext4 and OCFS2 are known to use JBD.

JBD exists in two versions, JBD and JBD2. JBD was created with ext3 in 1998. JBD2 was forked from JBD in 2006 with ext4, with the goal of supporting a 64-bit (as opposed to 32-bit-only in JBD) block number. As a result, the maximum volume size in ext4 is increased to 1 EiB compared to 16 TiB in ext3 (assuming 4 KiB blocks). JBD2 is backward-compatible. OCFS2 starting from Linux 2.6.28 uses JBD2. The old JBD was removed with the dedicated ext3 driver in Linux 4.3 (2015).

OCFS2
The Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS, in its second version OCFS2) is a shared disk file system developed by Oracle Corporation and released under the GNU General Public License.
The first version of OCFS was developed with the main focus to accommodate Oracle's database management system that used cluster computing. Because of that it was not a POSIX-compliant file system. With version 2 the POSIX features were included.

OCFS2 (version 2) was integrated into the version 2.6.16 of Linux kernel. Initially, it was marked as "experimental" (Alpha-test) code. This restriction was removed in Linux version 2.6.19. With kernel version 2.6.29 in late 2008, more features were included into ocfs2, such as access control lists and quotas.

OCFS2 used a distributed lock manager which resembles the OpenVMS DLM but is much simpler.
Oracle announced version 1.6 in November 2010 which included a copy on write feature called reflink.
Statue of Liberty (Mytilene)
The Statue of Liberty (Greek: Άγαλμα της Ελευθερίας) is a bronze statue erected at the harbor of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos in Greece.

The statue was created by Greek sculptor Gregorios Zevgolis based on a design by local painter Georgios Jakobides.  It was cast in Germany in 1922, and was erected and dedicated in Mytilene in 1930.

The statue and its marble base stand 15 metres (49 ft) tall.

Georgios Jakobides
Georgios Jakobides (Greek: Γεώργιος Ιακωβίδης; 11 January 1853 – 13 December 1932) was a Greek painter and medallist, one of the main representatives of the Greek artistic movement of the Munich School. He founded and was the first curator of the National Gallery of Greece in Athens.
Feteer meshaltet
Feteer meshaltet (Egyptian Arabic: فطير مشلتت, lit. 'cushioned pie or cushion-like pie', IPA: [fɪˈtˤiːr meˈʃæltet]), often simply referred to as meshaltet (مشلتت), is a traditional Egyptian flaky layered pastry. It is composed of numerous thin layers of dough and ghee. Feteer meshaltet is typically served with sweet or savory accompaniments. Sweet versions are commonly dipped in honey or molasses, or spread with jam, while savory pairings include cheeses such as mish, as well as olives and torshi. Pies made from the same type of dough but prepared with various fillings instead of multiple layers of dough are generally referred to as feteer, distinguishing them from the plain feteer meshaltet.

Feteer meshaltet is considered a symbol of hospitality in Egypt. It was notably served to U.S. President Barack Obama along with Egyptian falafel during his visit to Egypt in June 2009. It is traditionally offered to guests and is commonly prepared for holidays, weddings, and other celebrations.

A New Beginning (speech)
"A New Beginning" was the name of a speech delivered by United States President Barack Obama on 4 June 2009, from the Major Reception Hall at Cairo University in Egypt. Al-Azhar University co-hosted the event. The speech honored a promise Obama made during his 2008 presidential campaign to give a major address to Muslims from a Muslim capital during his first few months as president.

White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs indicated that Egypt was chosen because "it is a country that in many ways represents the heart of the Arab world." Egypt is considered a key player in the Middle East peace process as well as a major recipient of American military and economic aid. Reuters reporter Ross Colvin reported that the speech would attempt to mend the United States' relations with the Muslim world, which he wrote were "severely damaged" during the presidency of George W. Bush.
Northampton County, Virginia
Northampton County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,282. Its county seat is Eastville. Northampton and Accomack Counties are a part of the larger Eastern Shore of Virginia.

The county is the center of the late Eocene meteor strike that resulted in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. The Northampton County Courthouse Historic District is part of the Eastville Historic District at the county seat.

Chesapeake Bay impact crater
The Chesapeake Bay impact crater is a buried impact crater, located beneath the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, United States. It was formed by a bolide that struck the eastern shore of North America about 35.5 ± 0.3 million years ago, in the late Eocene epoch. It is one of the best-preserved "wet-target" impact craters in the world.

Continued slumping of sediments over the rubble of the crater has helped shape the Chesapeake Bay.
Thor Hiorth Schøyen
Thor Hiorth Schøyen (May 1, 1885 – June 6, 1961) was a Norwegian entomologist.

He became the curator of the Oslo Zoological Museum in 1908. Later, in 1913, he became the government entomologist at the Norwegian Plant Protection Office (Statens plantevern), a position that he held for 42 years. Schøyen taught at the Norwegian College of Agriculture from 1910 to 1950. He was also a central figure in the Norwegian Entomological Society. He received the King's Medal of Merit in gold in recognition of his work.

Thor Hiorth Schøyen became interested in nature and insects at an early age, and he studied zoology at the University of Oslo. He was described as "... a quiet man, gracious and helpful, without prejudice. He had diverse interests and was a gentleman throughout his journey." He was the son of the entomologist Wilhelm Maribo Schøyen.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norwegian: Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet, NMBU) is a public university located in Ås, Norway. It is located  in Akershus county and has around 7,700 students.
Te Rere o Kapuni
Te Rere o Kapuni, also known as Dawson Falls, is a waterfall in the Taranaki region of New Zealand. Located at the base of Mount Taranaki, the waterfall is said to be the place where the Māori prophet Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana received and revived his healing powers, and is considered sacred by Māori in the Ratana Church.

In 2006, the waterfall crumbled and is now half its original size. Members of the Ratana Church and movement regard this as a divine sign from Jehovah concerning the church and its future.

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Millwood (surname)
Millwood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ezroy Millwood (1942–2012), Jamaican businessman

Kevin Millwood (born 1974), American baseball pitcher

Machel Millwood (born 1979), Jamaican soccer player

Ezroy Millwood
Ezroy Millwood (1942 – 1 December 2012), was president of Jamaica's National Transport Cooperative Society (NTCS). He sued the government for breach of its franchise agreement and was awarded more than $1.8 billion in damages. In June 2012, the Court of Appeal granted the government the go-ahead to challenge the award before the British Privy Council.  He was later found dead at his home in St Andrew, near Kingston.
Vogar
Vogar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvɔːɣar̥] ⓘ) is a small town in the southwest of Iceland. It is the seat of the municipality of Vogar (Sveitarfélagið Vogar). There is a highly automated  atmospheric gas extraction plant in the town, with the oxygen produced being the only local source for Iceland's healthcare use. The town also has a fish roe incubation centre for Atlantic salmon.

Roe
Roe, (/roʊ/ ⓘ ROH) or hard roe, is the fully ripe internal egg masses in the ovaries, or the released external egg masses, of fish and certain marine animals such as shrimp, scallop, sea urchins and squid. As a seafood, roe is used both as a cooked ingredient in many dishes, and as a raw ingredient for delicacies such as caviar.

The roe of marine animals, such as the roe of lumpsucker, hake, mullet, salmon, Atlantic bonito, mackerel, squid, and cuttlefish are especially rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, but omega-3s are present in all fish roe. Also, a significant amount of vitamin B12 is among the nutrients present in fish roes.

Roe from a sturgeon, or sometimes other fish such as flathead grey mullet, is the raw base product from which caviar is made.

The term soft roe or white roe denotes fish milt, not fish eggs.
William Lair Hill
William Lair Hill (August 20, 1838 – February 24, 1924), also referred to as W. Lair Hill, was an American attorney, historian, and newspaper editor in Portland, Oregon. He worked to codify Oregon's and Washington's laws. He briefly owned property in the Portland neighborhood later named after him, Lair Hill, and is the namesake of Lair Hill Park.

Attorney at law
Attorney at law or attorney-at-law, usually abbreviated in everyday speech to attorney, is the preferred term for a practising lawyer in certain jurisdictions, including South Africa (for certain lawyers), Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the United States. The term has its roots in the verb to attorn, meaning to transfer one's rights and obligations to another.
Dave Highton
Dave Highton (born 31 January 1980) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a hooker for the Warrington Wolves, Salford City Reds and the London Broncos in the European Super League. He signed for Halifax to play in National League One, but injury forced him to retire aged just 25.

Whilst at Warrington he was given a 10 month ban for steroid use for which he was sacked by the Wolves. He was later given a chance to resurrect his career at Salford.

His elder brothers Paul Highton and Chris Highton also played professional rugby league, with Paul playing for Wales at international level and Chris featuring for Warrington and the Swinton Lions.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
New Brighton Park
Located in the Hastings-Sunrise district of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, New Brighton Park is a waterfront park facing the North Shore Mountains with beach access to the Burrard Inlet. The park is surrounded by industrial plants, the Hastings Racecourse, as well as access to the Port of Vancouver. During the summer, the park becomes a popular location for recreational activity. There is a soccer pitch, barbecue/picnic sites, two playgrounds, beaches, and an outdoor pool. For local residents, New Brighton Park provides a nearby location with similar facilities found at other popular recreational parks such as Kitsilano Beach, which is located on the west side of Vancouver. New Brighton Park is also in the process of being connected to Hastings Park via Creekway Park, which will allow people to walk and cycle between the two locations.

Hastings–Sunrise
Hastings–Sunrise is a neighbourhood located in the northeastern corner of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia.

One of Vancouver's oldest neighbourhoods, Hastings–Sunrise is primarily residential, with a dense strip of shops and services along East Hastings Street and in pockets along Nanaimo Street, Broadway, Boundary Road and Renfrew Street. The residences are mostly single family detached dwellings, with some multi-family buildings. There is substantial parkland, and the area north of Hastings is partially zoned for light industrial.
Verterae
Verterae was a Roman fort in the modern-day village of Brough, Cumbria, England. Occupied between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, it protected a key Roman road in the north of England. In the 11th century, Brough Castle was built on part of the site by the Normans. Archaeologists explored the remains during the 20th century, and it is now protected under UK law.

Stainmore
Stainmore is a remote geographic area in the Pennines on the border of Cumbria, County Durham and North Yorkshire. The name is used for a civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness of Cumbria, England, including the villages of North Stainmore and South Stainmore.  The parish had a population of 253 in the 2001 census, increasing to 264 at the Census 2011. Stainmore Forest stretches further east into County Durham, towards Bowes.
Nykøbing Sjælland
Nykøbing, often referred to as Nykøbing Sjælland or Nykøbing Sj to distinguish it from Nykøbing F and Nykøbing M,  is a seaside town in Denmark, located in Odsherred on  the northwestern part of Zealand. Located on the Isefjord, it has a population of 5,016 (1 January 2025). It is located in Odsherred municipality which is part of Region Sjælland. The town is a popular seaside resort.

Odsherred
Odsherred is a peninsula in the north-western part of the island Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark. Odsherred stretches from the Sjællands Odde in the north-west to the now drained Lammefjord in the south, covering an area with a wide range of the most typical Danish landscapes: long sandy beaches, small rolling hills and farming. The peninsula is served by the railway Odsherredsbanen, which runs through the most important towns, including Nykøbing Sjælland, Asnæs and Hørve.
Ned Claxton
Edmund Claxton Jr. is an American physician and Democratic politician from Maine. He served in the Maine Senate representing District 20, which includes Auburn, Mechanic Falls, Minot, New Gloucester, and Poland, from 2018-2022. Claxton was born in Massachusetts and attended Princeton University, the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the University of Minnesota where he completed his family medicine residency. He then moved to Maine and co-founded a private practice in Auburn where he worked for several decades. Claxton was first elected to the Maine Senate in 2018 and was re-elected in 2020 for a second two-year term.

Maine College of Health Professions
The Maine College of Health Professions (MCHP) is a private college in Lewiston, Maine, affiliated with Central Maine Medical Center. It was founded in 1891 and began granting associate degrees in 1977, taking its current name in 2014.
Kosmos 1317
Kosmos 1317 (Russian: Космос 1317 meaning Cosmos 1317) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1981 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1317 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 22:54 UTC on 31 October 1981. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1981-108A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 12933.

Kosmos 1317 was a US-K satellite like Kosmos 862 that self-destructed in orbit, NASA believe deliberately. The first debris elements were
spotted on 25 May 1981. All of the resultant debris is still in orbit.

Blok 2BL
The Blok 2BL was a rocket stage, a member of Blok L family, used as an upper stage on some versions of the Molniya-M carrier rocket. It was used as a fourth stage to launch the Oko missile early warning defence spacecraft.
Music of Georgia (country)
Georgia has rich and still vibrant traditional music, primarily known for arguably the earliest polyphonic tradition of the Christian world. Situated on the border of Europe and Asia, Georgia is also the home of a variety of urban singing styles with a mixture of native polyphony, Middle Eastern monophony and late European harmonic languages. Georgian performers are well represented in the world's leading opera troupes and concert stages.

Pan flute
A pan flute (also known as panpipes or syrinx) is a musical instrument based on the principle of the closed tube, consisting of multiple pipes of gradually increasing length (and occasionally girth).  Multiple varieties of pan flutes have been popular as folk instruments. The pipes are typically made from bamboo, giant cane, or local reeds. Other materials include wood, plastic, metal, and clay.
Basketball in Spain
Basketball is the second most popular sport in Spain, directly behind association football. The top Spanish League, Liga ACB, is a member of ULEB, and the top Spanish League teams can compete in Europe, most notably in the Euroleague and Eurocup, and also under the FIBA Europe umbrella, in the FIBA Europe Cup. The Spanish teams also compete in a national domestic cup competition each year, called the Copa del Rey de Baloncesto, which is played by the top eight teams in the standings of the Liga ACB, at the end of the first half of the regular season.

Island Games
The Island Games are biennial international multi-sports events organised by the International Island Games Association (IIGA). Competitor teams each represent different island communities (with one team from the peninsula of Gibraltar) which are IIGA members. Currently, all competitor teams represent non-sovereign territories of European nations—some within European waters and some further overseas.

The games are being hosted by the Faroe Islands in 2027. The previous edition was the 2025, which took place in Orkney with around 2,200 competitors from 24 islands or island groups participating in 14 sports.
Balázs Csillag
Balázs Csillag (born 5 March 1979) is a Hungarian long-distance runner.

He finished seventh in the 5000 metres at the 2002 European Championships, and also competed at the 2006 World Road Running Championships.

His personal best times are 3:41.32 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in July 2002 in Győr; 7:52.51 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in August 2002 in San Sebastián; 13:26.96 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in July 2002 in Heusden-Zolder; 29:38.64 minutes in the 10,000 metres, achieved in April 2006 in Antalya. The 5000 metres result is a Hungarian record.

Győr
Győr (US: /djɜːr, dʒɜːr/ DYUR, JUR, Hungarian: [ɟøːr] ⓘ; German: Raab; names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia region, and – halfway between Budapest and Vienna – situated on one of the important roads of Central Europe. It is the sixth largest city in Hungary, and one of its seven main regional centres. The city has county rights.
Concert for Kampuchea
The Concert for Kampuchea (subtitled "Rock for Kampuchea") is a musical film from the best of the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea. The film was directed by Keith McMillan and was four nights of concerts in Hammersmith Odeon to raise money for Cambodia. The event was organized by Paul McCartney and Kurt Waldheim (who was then Secretary-General of the UN), and it involved well-established artists such as McCartney, the Who and Queen as well as younger punk and new wave acts like the Clash and the Pretenders. The film finishes with the presentation of Wings' Rockestra (more of 25 musicians playing together). Filmed in 1979, Concert for Kampuchea did not receive American theatrical distribution until it was picked up by Miramax in 1988.

The concert was also recorded and released as a double LP, 8-track cartridge tape and cassette tape in 1979. It has yet to be released in a digital format.

Hammersmith Apollo
The Hammersmith Apollo, called the Eventim Apollo for sponsorship reasons, previously and still commonly known as the Hammersmith Odeon, is a live entertainment performance venue opened in 1932 as a cinema named the Gaumont Palace. Located in Hammersmith, London, it is an art deco Grade II* listed building.
Denbigh (UK Parliament constituency)
Denbigh was a county constituency centred on the town of Denbigh in North Wales.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the 1983 general election.

Denbigh
Denbigh (/ˈdɛnbi/ DEN-bee; Welsh: Dinbych [ˈdɪnbɨχ]) is a market town and a community in Denbighshire, Wales. It was the original county town of the historic county of Denbighshire created in 1536. Denbigh's Welsh name (Dinbych) translates to "Little Fortress"; a reference to its historic castle. Denbigh lies near the Clwydian Hills.

The town developed around Denbigh Castle, built in 1282, and the walled settlement that followed under Edward I. Over the centuries, it became known as a stronghold, a busy market town, and an administrative hub. Although Denbigh has seen times of conflict and decline, its medieval walls, castle ruins, and historic centre still shape its character today. According to the 2021 census, the town has a population of about 8,669.
Faysal Shayesteh
Faysal Shayesteh (Dari: فیصل شایسته; born 10 June 1991) is an Afghan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for I-League club Sreenidi Deccan and is the all time top goalscorer for the Afghanistan national team.

Afghanistan national football team
The Afghanistan national football team represents Afghanistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Afghanistan Football Federation. The Afghanistan Football Federation was established in 1922 and joined FIFA in 1948. It was also one of the founding members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 1954.

Afghanistan claimed their first international football title and marked a historic moment for Afghan football when they became champions of the 2013 tournament of the SAFF Championship.
Time Without Clocks
Time Without Clocks is a 1962 autobiographical novel by Joan Lindsay. The novel recounts Lindsay's early years married to prolific Australian artist Daryl Lindsay. The novel was published in 1962 by F. W. Cheshire, and later re-published by Penguin Books.

Frank Cheshire
Frank Cheshire (1896–1987) was an Australian bookseller and publisher. His bookshop in Little Collins Street, Melbourne was described as a "gathering place for all interested in books and literature" in the mid-twentieth century. His publishing firm, F. W. Cheshire Pty. Ltd. published school textbooks and dominated that market in the state of Victoria for many years. It "began a new era in publishing" when it published Australian text books for Australian schools instead of importing them from Britain. The firm also published a number of general trade bestsellers such as Alan Marshall's  I Can Jump Puddles, Robin Boyd's The Australian Ugliness and Joan Lindsay's Picnic at Hanging Rock and "gave many Australian writers their first start".