hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank
The Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank (ENTER) was the national Australian tertiary entrance rank, administered by Universities Australia (previously called the Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee). It was a percentile ranking, designed to simplify the comparison of entrance levels for students educated in different processes of admission for university applicants from interstate. It was replaced by the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank from 2010.

Universities Australia
Universities Australia (formerly the Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee) is an organisation founded in Sydney in May 1920, which attempts to advance higher education through voluntary, cooperative and coordinated action. After being based for a time in both Sydney and Melbourne, its offices relocated to Canberra in 1966. It is a private company whose members are Australia's 39 universities. The universities are represented by their vice-chancellors.

The current chair of Universities Australia is University of South Australia Vice-Chancellor and President, Professor David Lloyd. Its CEO is Mr Luke Sheehy.
Lei Cheng Uk
Lei Cheng Uk (Chinese: 李鄭屋; Jyutping: lei5 zeng6 nguk1) was a group for villages of families of Lei/Lee/Li (李) and Cheng (鄭). The villages were demolished to build a public housing estate, Lei Cheng Uk Estate. At the beginning of the construction, a Han tomb was found there and named as "Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb", which later became part of the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum.

The name of a village, Sheung Lei Uk, is preserved in a park, Sheung Li Uk Garden (上李屋花園).

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.
Nelson Ramos (footballer)
Nelson Fernando Ramos Betancourt (born November 23, 1981) is a former Colombian goalkeeper who plays for last time in Boca Juniors de Cali. He was a member of the Colombia squad during the 2011 Copa América. In 2021, Ramos set a record after being the first goalkeeper to score goals from free kicks in three consecutive matches.

Boca Juniors de Cali
Boca Juniors de Cali is a professional football club which represented the Colombian city of Cali from its creation in 1937 until its exit from professional football in 1957 and again from 2019 onwards competing in the Categoría Primera B, the second tier of Colombian football. Since its early years it adopted the jersey from Argentine team Boca Juniors.
Farid Trad
Farid Trad (1901-1969) was a Lebanese engineer, architect, and art collector. He designed buildings in Beirut, including the UNESCO headquarters, hotels and cinemas, as well as in Damascus, Syria. He collected artwork by Michel Basbous, Georges Cyr, Haroutiun Galentz and his wife Armine Kalents, Paul Guiragossian, Youssef Howayek, and Elie Kanaan.

Michel Basbous
Michel Basbous (1921–1981) was a Lebanese sculptor and painter known for his contributions to modernist sculpture in the Middle East. Born in Rachana, a small village in Lebanon, he integrated traditional influences into his modernist sculptures and played a role in developing Rachana as a cultural center.

Basbous's work is characterized by a strong connection to natural forms and the use of various materials such as wood, marble, bronze, and recycled objects. His sculptures often emphasized verticality, a characteristic associated with the themes of spirituality and human aspiration. His approach integrated the natural environment, creating pieces designed to interact with their surroundings. Basbous stated that the natural veins in stone or wood frequently influenced his creative process.
Melvill Jones
Sir Bennett Melvill Jones,  CBE AFC FRS (28 January 1887 – 31 October 1975) was Francis Mond Professor of Aeronautical Engineering at the University of Cambridge from 1919 to 1952. He demonstrated the importance of streamlining in aircraft design. It had been known since the time of Aristotle, that a moving body passing through air or another fluid encounters resistance (aerodynamic drag), but Jones developed the ideas of Louis Charles Breguet into a refined theory to demonstrate emphatically the importance of drag to the performance of aircraft.

Louis Charles Breguet
Louis Charles Breguet (French pronunciation: [lwi ʃaʁl bʁeɡɛ]; 2 January 1880 in Paris – 4 May 1955 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers.
Adam Dalgliesh
Adam Dalgliesh (/ˈdælɡliːʃ/ DAL-gleesh) is a fictional character who is the protagonist of fourteen mystery novels by P. D. James, the first being James's 1962 novel Cover Her Face. He also appears in the two novels featuring James's other detective, Cordelia Gray.

SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. In the 2010s, Chinese scientists traced the virus through the intermediary of Asian palm civets to cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan.

SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. No cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide since 2004.

In December 2019, a second strain of SARS-CoV was identified: SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease behind the COVID-19 pandemic.
Music of the Back to the Future franchise
The music of the Back to the Future franchise accompanies the production of the feature films and the stage musical created by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale. All music in the franchise was composed by American composer Alan Silvestri, with The Musical being co-written with Glen Ballard.

Varèse Sarabande
Varèse Sarabande is an American record label, owned by Concord Music Group and distributed by Universal Music Group, which specializes in film scores and original cast recordings. It aims to reissue rare or unavailable albums, as well as newer releases by artists no longer under a contract. The label's name was derived from combining French-born composer Edgard Varèse's last name with the musical term sarabande, a slow Spanish dance.

As of February 2018, Varèse operates as a division of Concord Music Group's Craft Recordings label.
Blood of Minas Gerais
Blood of Minas Gerais (Portuguese: Sangue Mineiro) is a 1930 Brazilian silent drama film directed by Humberto Mauro. The film is set around Belo Horizonte, where it was filmed. It was Mauro's final film for the small Phebo Filme company before he moved to the much better funded Cinédia studio in Rio de Janeiro.

Cinédia
Cinédia (originally called the Cinearte studios) was a Brazilian film studio established on 15 March 1930 in Rio de Janeiro, and remained in continual operation until 1951.

Between 1930 and 1945, Cinédia averaged two films a year, with a high of five in 1936.
Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act
The Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999 (Mah. 30/1999) is a law enacted by the state of Maharashtra in India in 1999 to combat organised crime and terrorism. Known as "MCOCA", the Act provides the State Government with special powers to tackle these issues, including powers of surveillance,relaxed evidentiary standards and procedural safeguards, and prescribing additional criminal penalties, including the death penalty. The law was introduced by a coalition government of the Bharatiya Janata Party and Shiv Sena. Gopinath Munde (dy.CM of Maharashtra at the time) had the lion's share in the efforts which were taken for this act's enactment; to curb the rising powers of the underworld in the state.

Capital punishment in India
Capital punishment in India is the highest legal penalty for crimes under the country's main substantive penal legislation, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (formerly Indian Penal Code), as well as other laws. Executions are carried out by hanging as the primary method of execution. The method of execution per Section 393(5) of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 is "Hanging by the neck until dead", and the penalty is imposed only in the 'rarest of cases'.

Currently, there are around 564 prisoners on death row in India. The most recent executions in India took place on  20 March 2020, when four of the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder case perpetrators were executed at the Tihar Jail in Delhi.
Capela Real
The Capela Real was the royal chapel and musical establishment of the kings of Portugal  in Lisbon.

The capela played an important role in the development of the music history of Portugal from its foundation by Dom Dinis in 1299.

Denis of Portugal
Denis (Latin: Dionysius Alphonsus, Portuguese: Dinis Afonso; 9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal from 1279 until his death in 1325.

Dinis was the eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second wife, Beatrice of Castile, and grandson of Afonso II of Portugal, Denis succeeded his father in 1279. He was married to Elizabeth of Aragon, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

Denis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near Leiria to prevent soil degradation that threatened the region, and to serve as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language.
Vicente do Rego Monteiro
Vicente do Rego Monteiro (December 19, 1899 — June 5, 1970), born in Recife, was a Brazilian painter, sculptor, and poet, born to a rich family. He was part of the Semana de Arte Moderna exhibition and helped form the later Brazilian Modernism.

Manifesto Antropófago
The Anthropophagic Manifesto (Portuguese: Manifesto Antropófago), also variously translated as the Cannibal Manifesto or the Cannibalist Manifesto,  is an essay published in 1928 by the Brazilian poet and polemicist Oswald de Andrade, a key figure in the cultural movement of Brazilian Modernism and contributor to the publication Revista de Antropofagia. It was inspired by "Abaporu," a painting by Tarsila do Amaral, modernist artist and wife of Oswald de Andrade. The essay was translated to English in 1991 by Leslie Bary.
Culture of the United Arab Emirates
The culture of the United Arab Emirates is part of the culture of Eastern Arabia. Its historical population was a small tribal community that changed with the arrival of an influx of foreign nationals in the mid-20th century. Emirati culture is a blend of Arabian, Islamic, and Persian cultures, with influences from the cultures of East Africa and Indian subcontinent. Islam has had a prominent influence on local architecture, music, attire, cuisine, and lifestyle.

In the United Arab Emirates, the city of Al Ain in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Emirate of Sharjah was named "The Cultural capital of the Arab World" by UNESCO in 1998 and the "Capital of Islamic Culture for 2014" by the OIC.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Evelyn Ampuero
Evelyn Andrea Ampuero (born 27 December 1987) is a Peruvian female volleyball player. She was part of the Peru women's national volleyball team.

She won the gold medal at the 2005 Bolivarian Games. She participated in the 2006 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.

Peru women's national volleyball team
The Peru women's national volleyball team represents Peru in international women's volleyball. It is governed by the Peruvian Volleyball Federation (FVF) and was one of the dominant forces in women's volleyball in the 1980s, culminating in the silver medal won at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.
The team's nickname is Las Hijas del Sol (The Sun's daughters).
Trans-Catalina Trail
The Trans-Catalina Trail is a long-distance trail which traverses Santa Catalina Island off the coast of southern California. From the eastern trailhead where Clarissa Avenue meets Crescent Avenue in Avalon out to Parson's Landing on the West end, then looping back to Two Harbors, the trail's official length is listed as 38.5 miles (62.0 km). Camping is allowed by permit from the Catalina Island Conservancy. There are five campgrounds along or near the trail: Hermit Gulch, Black Jack, Little Harbor, Two Harbors, and Parsons Landing. Hikers usually take between 2 and 5 days to complete the route.

Avalon, California
Avalon is the only incorporated city on Santa Catalina Island, in the California Channel Islands, and the southernmost city in Los Angeles County. The city is a resort community with the waterfront dominated by tourism-oriented businesses. The older parts of the city on the valley floor consist primarily of small houses and two and three-story buildings in various traditional architectural styles.

In 1919, William Wrigley Jr. gained control of Avalon and oversaw much of its development, including the construction of the landmark Catalina Casino. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, several different developers tried to develop Avalon into a resort destination community, but most before Wrigley went bankrupt.

The population was 3,460 at the 2020 census. Avalon attracts about 1 million visitors a year and is frequently visited by cruise ships. Before European colonization, the island was inhabited by the Tongva people.
Summer Lightning (short story collection)
Summer Lightning and other stories is a 1986 collection of short stories by Jamaican writer Olive Senior. It won the 1987 Commonwealth Writers' Prize and was selected for the 2022 Big Jubilee Read, a list of 70 titles by Commonwealth writers.

In A History of Literature in the Caribbean: English- and Dutch-speaking countries, the stories are described as "scintillating evocations of life in rural Jamaica". Booker Prize winner Marlon James included it in his "My 10 Favorite Books" in a 2016 New York Times piece, saying "The entire future of Caribbean prose is mapped out in this collection of stories, and I don't know a single Caribbean writer who doesn't reread it often".

Senior has said of this book: "I believe Summer Lightning to be a true expression of everyday life in that part of the world I describe, i.e., deep rural Jamaica, in terms of behaviours, beliefs, practices narrated and language used".

Marlon James (novelist)
Marlon James (born 24 November 1970) is a Jamaican writer. He is the author of five novels: John Crow's Devil (2005), The Book of Night Women (2009), A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014), which won him the 2015 Man Booker Prize, Black Leopard, Red Wolf (2019), and Moon Witch, Spider King (2022). He wrote the limited series Get Millie Black.

Now living in Minneapolis, Minnesota, James teaches literature at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He is also a faculty lecturer at St. Francis College's Low Residency MFA in Creative Writing.
Greg Genske
Gregory B. Genske is a lawyer and Major League Baseball Players Association certified player representative. In July 2020, Genske merged his GEM Agency with Gary Vaynerchuk's VaynerSports to create VaynerBaseball. Genske serves as VaynerBaseball's CEO and oversees all of VaynerSports' baseball player representation activities.  In October 2019, Genske launched the GEM Agency in partnership with Hicks Equity Partners, the private equity arm of Tom Hicks and his family.  Prior to launching GEM, Genske was executive director and President of Baseball for The Legacy Agency. Since 2015, Genske has served as a law professor at the University of California-Berkeley, his alma-mater, teaching classes on sports law, representing professional athletes and negotiations.  In 2009, Genske was named to Sports Business Daily's prestigious 40 under 40 list.

Major League Baseball Players Association
The Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) is the labor union representing all current Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players. All players, managers, coaches, and athletic trainers who hold or have held a signed contract with a Major League club are eligible for membership in the Association. The MLBPA has three major divisions: a labor union, a business (Players Choice Group Licensing Program), and a charitable foundation (Major League Baseball Players Trust).

On August 28, 2022, the MLBPA publicly launched a campaign to help MiLB players unionize. On September 9, 2022, MLB voluntarily recognized the MLBPA as the union for over 5,500 MiLB players playing rookie level to Triple-A.
Kuźnica, Wieluń County
Kuźnica (Polish pronunciation: [kuʑˈɲit͡sa]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Ostrówek, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Wieluń, and 73 km (45 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń
Wieluń [ˈvjɛluɲ] (Latin: Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021). The town is the seat of the Gmina Wieluń and Wieluń County, and is located within the Łódź Voivodeship. Wieluń is a capital of the historical Wieluń Land.

Wieluń has a long and rich history. In the past, it used to be an important urban trade centre of the Kingdom of Poland. Several Polish kings and notables visited the town, but following the catastrophic Swedish Deluge (1655–1660), Wieluń declined and never regained its status. In September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, it was heavily bombed by the Luftwaffe. The Bombing of Wieluń is considered to be the first World War II bombing in Europe. It killed at least 127 civilians, injured hundreds more and destroyed the majority of the town.
Rustad Knoll
Rustad Knoll (54°28′S 3°23′E﻿ / ﻿54.467°S 3.383°E﻿ / -54.467; 3.383) is a rounded, snow-topped elevation (365 m) which surmounts the south shore of the island of Bouvetøya immediately east of Cato Point. First charted in 1898 by a German expedition under Carl Chun. The knoll was recharted in December 1927 by the Norvegia expedition under Captain Harald Horntvedt. They named it for Ditlef Rustad who was in charge of the biological research of the expedition.

Carl Chun
Carl Chun or Karl Friedrich Gustav Chun (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːn]; 1 October 1852 – 11 April 1914) was a German marine biologist who worked as a professor at the Universities of Königsberg (1883), Breslau (1891) and Leipzig (1898). He was a pioneer of German oceanographic research, organizing the first deep-sea expedition aboard the SS Valdivia in 1898-99. He spent much of his life studying the collections made during the expedition, and was responsible for discovering many marine organisms, including the vampire squid.
Gingham Check
"Gingham Check" (ギンガムチェック, Gingamu Chekku) is the 27th major single by the Japanese idol girl group AKB48. The members were chosen from their placements in the AKB48's 2012 general election. The single was released in Japan on August 29, 2012. It includes the graduation song for long-time headlining member Atsuko Maeda.

Aki Takajō
Aki Takajō (高城 亜樹, Takajō Aki; born October 3, 1991), is a Japanese tarento who is a former member of the idol groups AKB48 and JKT48. She auditioned for AKB48's sixth generation and was promoted to member of Team A. Her talent agency is Horipro (she was previously affiliated with Watanabe Entertainment and Is.Field) and was one of the charter members to support JKT48. She is also a former member of the sub-unit French Kiss.
Jarlabanke Runestones
The Jarlabanke Runestones (Swedish: Jarlabankestenarna) is the name of about 20 runestones written in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark rune script in the 11th century, in Uppland, Sweden.

They were ordered by what appears to have been a chieftain named Jarlabanke Ingefastsson and his clan (Swedish: Jarlabankeätten), in Täby. Jarlabanke was probably a hersir (chieftain of a hundred) responsible for the local leidang organization and on several runestones, he stated that he was a Christian and not a Pagan.

Omeljan Pritsak has remarked that Jarlabanke's prominent position and property show that he and his clan profited from taking part in the Danegelds and from the services that men of his clan provided as mercenaries in the Varangian Guard and in Kievan Rus'.

Germanic kingship
Germanic kingship is a thesis regarding the role of kings among the pre-Christianized Germanic tribes of the Migration period (c. 300–700 AD) and Early Middle Ages (c. 700–1000 AD). The thesis holds that the institution of feudal monarchy developed, through contact with the Roman Empire and the Christian Church, from an earlier custom of sacral and military kingship based on both birth status and consent from subjects.

The term barbarian kingdom is used in the context of those Germanic rulers who after 476 AD and during the 6th century ruled territories formerly part of the Western Roman Empire, especially the Barbarian kings of Italy. In the same context, Germanic law is also derisively termed leges barbarorum "barbarian law" etc.

The thesis of Germanic kingship appeared in the nineteenth century and was influential in the historiography of early medieval society, but has since come under criticism for drawing generalizations from limited evidence.
Fiscal Studies
Fiscal Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley on behalf of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The journal was established in 1979 and aims to bridge the gap between academic research and policy, including applied microeconomics to consider how policies affect individuals, families, businesses, and public finance. Published papers cover a broad range of topical issues.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 7.3.

The journal's editors are drawn from among the institute's own research staff and from its Fellows and Associates. In 2023 the editors are James Banks, Pierre Cahuc, Monica Costa Dias, Matthias Parey, Kimberley Scharf, and James P. Ziliak.

James Ziliak
James Ziliak is an American business economist, currently the Gatton Endowed chair in Microeconomics and the Founding Director of the Center for Poverty Research at the Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky. He is also a published author.