hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regional Italian
Regional Italian (Italian: italiano regionale, pronounced [itaˈljaːno redʒoˈnaːle]) is any regional variety of the Italian language.

Such vernacular varieties and standard Italian exist along a sociolect continuum, and are not to be confused with the local non-immigrant languages of Italy that predate the national tongue or any regional variety thereof. Among these languages, the various Tuscan, Corsican and some Central Italian lects are, to some extent, the closest ones to standard Italian in terms of linguistic features, since the latter is based on a somewhat polished form of Florentine.

The various forms of Regional Italian have phonological, morphological, syntactic, prosodic and lexical features which originate from the underlying substrate of the original language of the locale.

Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (/ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz-/) is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as suprasegmentals when they extend across more than one phonetic segment.

Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast,  focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary.
Wuppertal-Steinbeck station
Wuppertal-Steinbeck station is a station on the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway in the city of Wuppertal in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The current station building was built in 1913 and it has been heritage-listed since 1991.  It replaced an older station building that was built between 1860 and 1870. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

German railway station categories
The approximately 5,400 railway stations in Germany that are owned and operated by the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary DB InfraGO are divided into seven categories, denoting the service level available at the station.

This categorisation influences the amount of money railway companies need to pay to DB Station&Service for using the facilities at the stations.
Aleksander Konjajev
Aleksander Konjajev (3 June 1909 – 10 April 1995) was a Russian-born Yugoslav agronomist and dean of the Biotechnology Faculty at the University of Ljubljana.  He was an expert on microbiology of dairy farming.

He wrote numerous scientific books and articles as well as popular science books. He won the Levstik Award twice, in 1984 for his book Nevidni živi svet (The Invisible Living World) and in 1991 for Nejc in drobnoživke (Nejc and Tiny Bugs).

Popular science
Popular science (also called pop-science or popsci) is an interpretation of science intended for a general audience. It is presented in many forms, including books, film and television documentaries, magazine articles, and web pages.

It may be written by scientists themselves or by professional journalists. While science journalism focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more broad ranging.
Ranat thum
The ranat thum (Thai: ระนาดทุ้ม, pronounced [ranâːt tʰúm]) is a low pitched xylophone used in the music of Thailand. It has 17 wooden bars, which are stretched over a boat-shaped trough resonator. Its shape looks like a ranat ek, but it is lower and wider. It is usually played in accompaniment of a ranat ek.

ranat thum bars are typically made from bamboo, although instruments with rosewood (Dalbergia oliveri; Thai: ไม้ชิงชัน; mai ching chan) bars can also be found.

It is similar to a Cambodian xylophone called roneat thung.

Rosewood
Rosewood is any of a number of richly hued hardwoods, often brownish with darker veining, but found in other colours.  It is hard, tough, strong, and dense. True rosewoods come from trees of the genus Dalbergia, but other woods are often called rosewood. Rosewood takes a high polish and is used for luxury furniture-making, flooring, musical instruments, and turnery.
Ryan Harnden
Ryan Harnden (born June 28, 1986) is a Canadian curler. He currently plays lead on Team Matt Dunstone. He is the former lead for the Brad Jacobs rink, with whom he represented Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics, winning a gold medal.

Grand Slam of Curling
The Grand Slam of Curling (formerly branded as the Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling for sponsorship reasons) is a series of curling bonspiels that were formerly part of the annual World Curling Tour. Grand Slam events offer a purse of at least CAD$100,000, and feature the best teams from across Canada and around the World. The Grand Slam was instituted during the 2001–02 season for men and 2006–07 for women (with the 2006 Players' Championship also considered a Slam), but some of the Grand Slam events have longer histories as bonspiels.

The Grand Slam season consists of five men's and women's events. The original four events (Masters, Open, National, and Players' Championship) are considered to be "majors". The other slam (Tour Challenge) has a unique format that sets it apart from other events in the series.
Borthwick Institute for Archives
The Borthwick Institute for Archives is the specialist archive service of the University of York, York, England. It is one of the biggest archive repositories outside London. The Borthwick was founded in 1953 as The Borthwick Institute of Historical Research. It was originally based at St Anthony's Hall, a fifteenth-century guild hall on Peasholme Green, in central York. Since 2005 it has been based in a purpose-built building, situated adjacent to the JB Morrell Library on the University of York's Heslington West campus. This new building was made possible due to a grant of £4.4 million by the Heritage Lottery Fund and designed by Leach Rhodes Walker and Buro Happold.

Rowntree trusts
The four Rowntree Trusts are funded from the legacies of the Quaker chocolate entrepreneurs and social reformers Joseph Rowntree and
Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree. The trusts are based in the Rowntrees' home city of
York, England. The trusts are:

the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, a Quaker philanthropic trust;

the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (until 1968, named the Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust), which funds social policy research and development;

the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust (formed in 1968 to take over the housing operations of the Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust), which owns and manages the model village of New Earswick, and a number of other housing schemes in the York area;

the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust (until 1990, named the Joseph Rowntree Social Service Trust), which is a political body and promotes democratic reform and social justice within the UK.  Unlike the other three, it is not a charity, though it endowed the JRSST Charitable Trust.
Martín Vargas Morales
Martín Vargas Morales (born December 12, 1971) is a Puerto Rican politician from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). Vargas served as Mayor of Guánica for three consecutive terms (2000-2012). He was elected to the Senate of Puerto Rico in 2012.

Vargas Morales was elected mayor of Guánica in the 2000 general elections. Vargas was reelected in 2004 and 2008.

Vargas Morales ran for a seat in the Senate of Puerto Rico stating he was frustrated at how the legislative process worked against the citizens. After winning a spot on the 2012 primaries, he was elected on the general elections to represent the District of Ponce, and subsequently served as senator representing Puerto Rico's District V.

2004 Puerto Rican general election
General elections were held in Puerto Rico on Tuesday, November 2, 2004. After a count by the State Commission of Elections, the winner was inaugurated to a four-year term as Governor of Puerto Rico on January 2, 2005.

The post of Governor of Puerto Rico and the entire House of Representatives and the entire Senate, as well as the Mayors of the municipalities of Puerto Rico, and the Resident Commissioner were also elected for four-year terms.

For the first time in Puerto Rican history, citizens unable to mobilize to voting colleges for medical reasons, but capable of practicing their right to vote, were visited in their own homes and hospitals so that they could exercise their vote.
Yan Ting
Yan Ting (Chinese: 颜婷; pinyin: Yán Tíng; Mandarin pronunciation: [jɛ̌n tʰǐŋ]; born 3 May 1997) is a Chinese freestyle skier who competes internationally.

She participated at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
1929 Lower Hutt mayoral election
The 1929 Lower Hutt mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. The elections were held for the role of Mayor of Lower Hutt plus other local government positions including the nine borough councillors, also elected biennially. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Mayor of Lower Hutt
The city of Lower Hutt, New Zealand, was first proclaimed a borough on 1 February 1891. Prior to this it had been part of Hutt County, initially as a Roads Board and from 1881 as a Town Board.

Since October 2025, the mayor has been Ken Laban.
Grøtavær
Grøtavær is a coastal fishing village in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located on the western part of the island of Grytøya, along the Andfjorden, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northwest of the village of Lundenes. Grøtavær Church is located in the village and the Grøtavær islands are located just off shore.

Fishing village
A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.
Toyohara Chikanobu
Toyohara Chikanobu (豊原周延; 1838–1912), better known to his contemporaries as Yōshū Chikanobu (楊洲周延), 
was a Japanese painter and printmaker who was widely regarded as a prolific woodblock artist during the Meiji epoch.

Woodblock printing in Japan
Woodblock printing in Japan (木版画, mokuhanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e artistic genre, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Invented in China during the Tang dynasty, woodblock printing was widely adopted in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1868). It is similar to woodcut in Western printmaking in some regards, but was widely used for text as well as images. The Japanese mokuhanga technique differs in that it uses water-based inks—as opposed to Western woodcut, which typically uses oil-based inks. Japanese water-based inks provide a wide range of vivid colors, glazes, and transparency.
MONC
MONC or Monc can refer to:

Metropolitan Opera National Company, an American opera company from 1965 to 1967

Men of North Country, an Israeli soul band

Monchio delle Corti (called "Monc" in Parmigiano), a commune in Italy

Misspelling of monk, or a person who practices religious ascetism

Monchio delle Corti
Monchio delle Corti (Parmigiano: Monc') is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Bologna and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Parma, including part of the Appennino Parmense. The Monte Sillara, at 1,861 metres (6,106 ft), is the highest peak in the province.

Sights include the medieval church of Sts. Lawrence and Michael, reconsecrated in 1536.
Les Witherspoon
Lester Rudolph Witherspoon (June 7, 1926 – March 15, 1980) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1940s.

Witherspoon, a native of Kissimmee, Florida, played for the Indianapolis Clowns in 1948. In five recorded games, he recorded five hits in 17 plate appearances. He later went on to play minor league baseball throughout the 1950s with such clubs as the San Diego Padres, Salem Senators, and Texas City Texans. Witherspoon passed away in Miami, Florida in 1980 at age 53.

Kissimmee, Florida
Kissimmee (/kɪˈsɪmi/ ⓘ kih-SIM-ee) is the largest city and county seat of Osceola County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 79,226. It is a principal city of the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Census Bureau defines an urban area with Kissimmee as the principal city, which is separated from the Orlando urban area. The Kissimmee–St. Cloud, Florida urban area had a 2020 population of 418,404, making it the 100th largest in the United States.
2023 RFL League 1 results
The fixture list for the 2023 League One season was issued on 13 November 2022. The regular season comprised 22 rounds to be followed by the play-offs.  The season commenced on 18 February and ended on 17 September 2023.

All times are UK local time (UTC±00:00 until 26 March 2023, UTC+01:00 thereafter).

UTC+00:00
UTC+00:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +00:00. This time zone is the basis of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and all other time zones are based on it. In ISO 8601, an example of the associated time would be written as 2069-01-01T12:12:34+00:00. It is also known by the following geographical or historical names:

Greenwich Mean Time

Western European Time

Azores Summer Time

Eastern Greenland Summer Time

Western Sahara Standard Time

Coordinated Universal Time
Richmond Valley, Staten Island
Richmond Valley is a neighborhood located on the South Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, the largest city in the United States. Richmond Valley is bordered on the north by Pleasant Plains, to the south by Tottenville, to the west by the Arthur Kill, and to the east by the Lower New York Bay.

Once considered part of Tottenville, Richmond Valley gained a separate identity when the Richmond Valley (Staten Island Railway station) was opened soon after the railroad was extended to Tottenville in 1860.  Today the neighborhood is noted chiefly for being the site of the terminus, on the Staten Island side, of the Outerbridge Crossing, which connects the island to Perth Amboy, New Jersey, across the Arthur Kill.

The neighborhood is represented in the New York State Senate by Andrew Lanza, in the New York State Assembly by Michael Reilly, and in the New York City Council by Frank Morano. All three are members of the Republican Party.

Frank Morano
Frank Morano (born 1984/1985) is an American radio host and politician serving as a member of the New York City Council for the 51st district. He was elected in a 2025 special election to succeed Joe Borelli, who resigned to join the private sector. A Republican, his district includes the South Shore of Staten Island.
Teredo navalis
Teredo navalis, commonly called the naval shipworm or turu, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Teredinidae. This species is the type species of the genus Teredo. Like other species in this family, this bivalve is called a shipworm because it resembles a worm in general appearance while at the anterior end it has a small shell with two valves, and it is adept at boring through wood.

This species may have originated in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, but has spread around the world. It tunnels into underwater piers and pilings and is a major cause of damage and destruction to submarine timber structures and the hulls of wooden boats.

Valve (mollusc)
A valve is each articulating part of the shell of a mollusc or another multi-shelled animal such as brachiopods and some crustaceans. Each part is known as a valve or in the case of chitons, a "plate". Members of two classes of molluscs, the Bivalvia (clams) and the Polyplacophora (chitons), have valves.

Species within one family of very unusual small sea snails, marine opisthobranch gastropods in the family Juliidae, also have two articulating shells or valves, which resemble those of a bivalve. This exceptional family is commonly known as the bivalved gastropods. Gastropods in general are sometimes called "univalves", because in those that have a shell, the shell is usually in one part.
Government formation
Government formation is the process in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of selecting a prime minister and cabinet members.  If no party controls a majority of seats, it can also involve deciding which parties will be part of a coalition government.  It usually occurs after an election, but can also occur after a vote of no confidence in an existing government. This is in contrast to countries where the legislative and executive branches have distinct mandates, such as many presidential systems, where the selection of cabinet ministers is distinct from that of legislative leadership.

Caretaker government
A caretaker government, also known as a caretaker regime, is a temporary ad hoc government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it consists of either randomly selected members of parliament or outgoing members until their dismissal.

Caretaker governments in representative democracies are usually limited in their function, serving only to maintain the status quo, rather than truly govern and propose new legislation. Unlike the government it is meant to temporarily replace, a caretaker government does not have a legitimate mandate (electoral approval) to exercise aforementioned functions.
Koradacheri
Koradacheri is a panchayat town in Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies between the rivers Vettar and Vennar flowing at a distance of about 1.5 km.

This is the Panchayat Town. Major income only from Agriculture, most of them are farmers. There are two government schools (Boys & Girls). There is a Railway station and a Government hospital.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Charm School (film)
Charm School (Spanish: Niñas mal; also titled Bad Girls) is a 2007 Mexican coming-of-age teen comedy film directed by Fernando Sariñana. It stars Martha Higareda as Adela, a rebellious teenager who is sent to a strict finishing school run by Maca (Blanca Guerra), where she undergoes personal growth.

The film was released theatrically in Mexico on 9 March 2007 by Sony Pictures Releasing International. It received mixed reviews but was a commercial success, grossing over $7.2 million worldwide. Niñas mal was adapted into a telenovela of the same name, produced by Sony Pictures Television and broadcast by MTV. In 2025, a spin-off of the telenovela, also produced by Sony, was announced.

Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers, preteens and/or young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors in their 20s. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.

Films in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.
Barry Cumberlege
Barry Stephenson Cumberlege,  OBE (5 June 1891 – 22 September 1970) was an English sportsman who played international rugby union for England. He also played first-class cricket and served in the British Army in the First World War.

Royal Army Service Corps
The Royal Army Service Corps (RASC) was a corps of the British Army responsible for land, coastal and lake transport, air despatch, barracks administration, the Army Fire Service, staffing headquarters' units, supply of food, water, fuel and domestic materials such as clothing, furniture and stationery and the supply of technical and military equipment. In 1965 its functions were divided between other Corps (RCT and RAOC) and the RASC ceased to exist; subsequently, in 1993, they in their turn (with some functions of the Royal Engineers) became the "Forming Corps" of the Royal Logistic Corps.
Konstantin Igelström
Konstantin Gustavovich Igelström (Russian: Игельстром, Константин Густавович; 1799 - 1851) Russian Decembrist from the noble Swedish family of Igelström.

Konstantin Igelstrom was born in the city of Shumsk on 8 May 1799. He graduated from the Cadets Corps in 1816 and was made captain in 1825.

Founder and head of the secret Society of Military Friends, who initiated the protest of the Livland Pioneer Battalion, arrested on 27 December 1825 and put under surveillance in Białystok. The military court sentenced Igelstrom to death, but the highest decree of Nicholas I of Russia of 15 April 1827 deprived him of all nobility titles and condemned to penal servitude during 10 years in Siberia. After serving the sentence, he was prohibited from visiting Moscow or Saint Petersburg and settled in the city of Taganrog in 1843, where he worked as the assistant to the supervisor of the Taganrog's Customs' bonded warehouse. He died on 11 November 1851 and was buried at the Taganrog Old Cemetery.

Bonded warehouse
A bonded warehouse, or bond, is a building or other secured area in which imported but dutiable goods may be stored, manipulated, or undergo manufacturing operations without payment of duty. They may then be again exported without payment of duty.  It may be managed by the state or by private enterprise.  In the latter case a customs bond must be posted with the government.  This system is widely used in developed countries throughout the world.
Leven Viaduct
Leven Viaduct is a railway bridge which carries the Furness Line over the River Leven in Cumbria, England. The viaduct was opened as a single track structure as part of the Ulverstone and Lancaster Railway in August 1857. It was widened to two tracks in 1863, and rebuilt in the 1880s, 1925 and again in 2006. Originally, the viaduct had a telescopic section at the western end which could retract to let shipping through; this was fixed in place in 1866 after an Act of Parliament allowed the Furness Railway Company to transfer shipping to the Ulverston Canal, and tranship goods further upstream using railway wagons. An accident on the viaduct in 1903 in which a train was blown over, necessitated the installation of an anenometer to measure wind speeds, and if needed, the viaduct would be closed to traffic.

Anemometer
In meteorology, an anemometer (from Ancient Greek  άνεμος (ánemos) 'wind' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure') is a device that measures wind speed and direction. It is a common instrument used in weather stations. The earliest known description of an anemometer was by Italian architect and author Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) in 1450.