hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Son (Korean surname)
Son,  Sohn or Shon (孫, 손) is a common Korean family name. It is a transliteration of the Chinese surname Sun.

There are two clans of Son, one in Gwangju and the other in the Gyeongsang region. The clan originated from the Miryang Park clan.

As of 2000, there were 415,182 people by this surname in South Korea.

Gyeongsang Province
Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상도; Hanja: 慶尙道; Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.sa̠ŋ.do̞]) was one of the Eight Provinces of Joseon Korea. Gyeongsang was located in southeastern Korea.

The provincial capital of Gyeongsang was Daegu. The region was the birthplace of the kingdom of Silla, which unified Korea in 668 CE. The region also has a highly significant role in modern Korean history; every non-acting South Korean president from 1963 to 2022 except Choi Kyu-hah (1979-1980) had ancestry from Gyeongsang, and all except Lee Myung-bak were also born in Gyeongsang.

Today, the historical region is divided into five administrative divisions: the three independent cities of Busan, Daegu and Ulsan, and the two provinces of North Gyeongsang Province and South Gyeongsang Province. The largest city in the historical region is Busan, followed by Daegu.
Polish Hearth Club
The Polish Hearth Club (Polish: Ognisko Polskie) is a private members' club founded soon after the outbreak of World War II by the British Government and the Polish government-in-exile at 55 Princes Gate, Exhibition Road in the City of Westminster, London, close to the South Kensington museums, in a Grade II listed building. It was intended as a social meeting place for diplomats, the military cadre and other officials. The facilities included a restaurant, (now leased), a theatre and an exhibition space. It faces the main entrance to Imperial College London and is around the corner from the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum, which was built as part of one development by Charles James Freake.

Private members' club
Private members' clubs are organisations which provide social and other facilities to members who typically pay a membership fee for access and use. Most are owned and controlled by their members even to this day. Some were originally gentlemen's clubs to which members first had to be elected; others are more modern commercial establishments with no class or gender bar, typically offering food, drink, comfortable surroundings, venue hire and business facilities, in return for members paying subscription or membership fees.
Anglers Rest, Victoria
Anglers Rest is a locality in Victoria, Australia. It is on the Omeo Highway, 28.5 kilometres (17.7 mi) north of Omeo in the Shire of East Gippsland, almost totally surrounded by the Alpine National Park.

Alpine National Park
The Alpine National Park is a national park located in the Central Highlands and Alpine regions of Victoria, Australia. The 646,000-hectare (1,600,000-acre) national park is located northeast of Melbourne. It is the largest National Park in Victoria, and covers much of the higher areas of the Great Dividing Range in Victoria, including Victoria's highest point, Mount Bogong at 1,986 metres (6,516 ft) and the associated subalpine woodland and grassland of the Bogong High Plains. The park's north-eastern boundary is along the border with New South Wales, where it abuts the Kosciuszko National Park. On 7 November 2008 the Alpine National Park was added to the Australian National Heritage List as one of eleven areas constituting the Australian Alps National Parks and Reserves.
The Sky Report
The Sky Report is a 60-minute newscast shown every weekday evening on Sky News at 7 pm (GMT), broadcast between October 2005 and July 2006. The programme was hosted by long-standing Sky News presenter Julie Etchingham, and showcased in-depth reports and analysis of the day's top news stories (generally emphasising "hard" news), often devoting significant time to reporting events given little or no coverage on the channel's daytime rolling-news shows.

In February 2006, Anna Botting took over as regular host while Etchingham was on maternity leave. Other stand-in presenters for the show included Colin Brazier, Martin Stanford and Jeremy Thompson.

The Sky Report premiered on the evening of 24 October 2005, as part of a major revamp of the channel, but was axed on 10 July 2006, as part of a minor reshuffle of the channels schedules.

Julie Etchingham
Julie Anne Etchingham (born 21 August 1969) is an English journalist  who works as a television newsreader with ITV News. A graduate of Newnham College, Cambridge, Etchingham joined the BBC as a trainee after completing her studies, and went on to present the children's news programme Newsround in 1994. She joined Sky News in 2002, and also presented editions of Five News when Sky won the contract to produce news programming for Channel 5 in 2005.

Etchingham is currently a newscaster on ITV News at Ten and has been since 2008. She also presented the current affairs programme Tonight from 2010 until 2022 when she announced that she would still occasionally be reporting for the show. She was voted "Presenter of the Year" at the Royal Television Society journalism awards in 2010 and 2016.
Pietrina Francone
Pietrina Francone was a 15th-century Italian noblewoman from the Francone family in Apulia. Her father was Oliviero Francone, an Aragonese officer in Lecce. Through her marriage to Albanian Prince Regnant Gjergj Arianiti, she became the Princess Consort of the Arianiti Principality.

Lecce
Lecce (/ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ LETCH-ay, Italian: [ˈlettʃe] ⓘ) is a comune and a city in the southern italian region of Apulia, and capital of the province of Lecce. It is on the Salentine Peninsula, at the heel of the Italian Peninsula.

Because of its rich Baroque architecture, Lecce is nicknamed "The Florence of the South". "Lecce stone", a particular kind of limestone, is one of the main exports of the city. It is very soft and workable, thus suitable for sculptures. As well as being an industrial centre specializing in ceramics, Lecce is also an important agricultural centre, chiefly for its olive oil and wine production.

Lecce is home to the University of Salento.
Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees
The Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees and Other Transport Workers was an industrial union of railway workers in Canada. It was formed on October 12, 1908, in Moncton, New Brunswick. The organization was led by its president Aaron Mosher from its establishment until 1952. The union was an opponent of larger railway worker unions based in the United States. It was a founding member of the Canadian Congress of Labour and ally of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).

Industrial unionism
Industrial unionism is a trade union organising method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union, regardless of skill or trade, thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. De Leon believed that militarized Industrial unions would be the vehicle of class struggle.

Industrial unionism contrasts with craft unionism, which organizes workers along lines of their specific trades.
Citizen (film)
Citizen is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language political action thriller film written and directed by Saravana Subbiah and produced by S. S. Chakravarthy. The film stars Ajith Kumar in the main dual lead role with Meena, Vasundhara Das and Nagma playing supporting roles. The film's score and soundtrack were composed by Deva, and cinematography was handled by Ravi K. Chandran. The film was released theatrically on 9 June 2001 and became a blockbuster at the Tamil Nadu box office.

S. S. Chakravarthy
S. Shajahan Chakravarthy (died 29 April 2023) was an Indian film producer in Tamil cinema. He produced a number of Tamil films through his production company, NIC Arts. Most of his films starred Ajith Kumar. His son Johnny debuted as an actor in Renigunta, which he produced, along with Johnny's subsequent film, 18 Vayasu. Chakravarthy also has a daughter, Shakeel Nila Chakravarthy.
Argalasti
Argalasti (Greek: Αργαλαστή) is a village and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality South Pelion, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 74.820 km2. It is built on a fertile plateau, 40 km southeast of Volos. It is an important commercial and tourism center of the area with a rich cultural tradition. Argalasti is a stopping point for those headed for the nearby beaches of the Pagasetic Gulf (Chorto, Kalamos, Lefokastro) or the Aegean Sea (Potistika, Melani, Paltsi, Mikro). An example of the architecture of the beginning of the 20th century is the church tower of Sts. Apostles.

Magnesia (regional unit)
Magnesia (Greek: Μαγνησία, Magnisía, IPA: [maɣniˈsia], Ancient Greek: Magnēsía, deriving from the tribe name Magnetes) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Volos. About 70% of the population of Magnesia live in the Greater Volos area, which is the second-largest city in Thessaly and the third busiest commercial port in Greece.

According to the most recent census (2021), the population stands at 177,448. The regional unit hosts 2,000,000 tourists annually. Magnesia is represented in the Greek Parliament by six seats. Its main agricultural products are wheat, cotton, tomatoes, grapes, olives, apples and honey.
Dhemsa
Dhemsa is a traditional folk dance of tribal people of southern Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh in southern India. Dhemsa is performed in groups.  The dancers hold each other by the shoulder and waist, then dance to the rhythm of traditional instruments. Traditional folk instruments that are used in this dance are dhol, tamak', changu, and mahuri. The dance is generally performed late at night by the tribes called "Desia" or "Adivasis" in the annual ceremonies of Chait Parab and Pus Puni or some would call Pus Parab. The person playing mohuri is called Mohuria; the drummers follow.

Tamak'
The tamak'  is a stick-struck double-headed drum of the Santal people of the Indian subcontinent.

The body of the drum is made from metal and shaped like a large bowl. The head of the drum is usually cowhide and 14-18 inches in diameter. The player strikes the drum with a pair of drumsticks. The Santal believe that the tamak' has special religious powers and it is often used for religious ceremonies and Santal festivals. The rhythm of the tamak' often sets the basic metric/rhythmic pattern for Santal dances and is an essential instrument for traditional  Santal music.
2012 Mosconi Cup
The 2012 Mosconi Cup, the 19th edition of the annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Europe and the United States, took place 10–13 December 2012 at the York Hall in Bethnal Green, London, England.

Team Europe won the Mosconi Cup by defeating Team USA 11–9.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
1946 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Sarah Fabyan and Alice Marble were the defending champion, but were ineligible to compete after turning professional.

Louise Brough and Margaret Osborne defeated Pauline Betz and Doris Hart in the final, 6–3, 2–6, 6–3 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1946 Wimbledon Championships.

Louise Brough
Althea Louise Brough Clapp (née Brough; March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player. In her career between 1939 and 1959, she won six Grand Slam titles in singles as well as numerous doubles and mixed-doubles titles. At the end of the 1955 tennis season, Lance Tingay of the London Daily Telegraph ranked her world No. 1 for the year.
Coco.gg
Coco (most recently accessible on the web as coco.gg, originally coco.fr) was a French-language online chat website without registration and free to access (freemium), created by Isaac Steidl, and known for being regularly associated with criminal cases. It was closed in June 2024. The site was variously referred to as Coco Chat or Cocoland.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
575th Bombardment Squadron
The 575th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  The squadron was a World War II unit assigned to the 391st Bombardment Group.  After training in the United States throughout 1943, the squadron moved to England, and from February 1944 participated in operations against Germany from there and the European Continent as part of IX Bomber Command.  It earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its combat actions.  Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated at the port of embarkation in October 1945.

19th Air Division
The 19th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force formation. Its last assignment was with Eighth Air Force at Carswell Air Force Base, Texas, where it was inactivated on 30 September 1988.

During World War II, the unit was designated as IX Bomber Command and was the command and control organization for Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign. Using predominantly B-24 Liberator heavy and B-25 Mitchell medium bombers, it supported the British Eighth Army against the German Afrika Korps from airfields ranging from Palestine in 1942 across North Africa to the final defeat of German forces in the Tunisia Campaign in May 1943.

Later, during the 1944 Battle of Normandy and the 1945 Western Allied invasion of Germany, as the 9th Bombardment Division, the unit directed Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers in tactical roles supporting Allied ground forces from D-Day to V-E Day.
Lizums Parish
Lizums Parish (Latvian: Lizuma pagasts) is an administrative territorial entity of Gulbene Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. It was an administrative unit of the former Gulbene district. The administrative center is Lizums.

Gulbene district
Gulbene district (Latvian: Gulbenes rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Vidzeme region, in the country's north-east. It was organized into a city and thirteen parishes, each with a local government authority. The main city in the district was Gulbene.

In Gulbene, a Baltic single passage narrow-gauge railroad, Gulbene-Aluksne, was renovated and started to operate in 2005.

Gulbene has a basketball team, ASK/Buki-Gulbene.

Districts were eliminated during the administrative-territorial reform in 2009.
Mario Bardanca
Mario Bardanca (Montevideo, 1968) is a Uruguayan sportscaster, journalist, radio personality, and writer.

He has worked in broadcast sports journalism since his youth, being employed as a commentator on sports highlights at Saeta TV Channel 10 on the shows Deporte Total, La Cabalgata Deportiva Gillette, and El Despegue. He anchored special coverage of the Olympic Games in 1992, 1996, and 2000.

Bardanca participated in the sports show Línea de Tres, hosted La Caja Negra, and was a columnist for Informe Capital on TV Ciudad. He also writes articles for the magazine Caras y Caretas.

He hosts the radio program Derechos Exclusivos  and provides commentary on Channel 5's Estadio Uno, a classic of Uruguayan television. He currently serves on the news team of Telenoche, on Monte Carlo TV Channel 4.

Canal 10 (Uruguay)
Channel 10 (Canal Diez, legally known as SAETA TV Canal 10) is a Uruguayan free-to-air television network based in Montevideo. It began broadcasting in 1956 as the first television broadcaster in the country and the fourth in Latin America. Its owned and operated by Sociedad Anónima Emisora de Emisión Televisión y Anexos (Spanish for 'Public Limited Company Broadcasting Television Broadcasting and Annexes'). The network's headquarters are in the Palermo neighbourhood.
HMS Sophie (1809)
HMS Sophie was an 18-gun Cruizer class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She served during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. During the War of 1812 Sophie participated in the economic war against American trade, capturing or destroying numerous small merchant vessels, and in an unsuccessful attack on Fort Bowyer, Alabama. Later, she moved to the East Indies where she served in the First Anglo-Burmese War. The Admiralty sold Sophie in 1825.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Harmony Heights, North Carolina
Harmony Heights is an unincorporated area in central Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States, located west of Yadkinville. It is located along Old US 421 (West Main Street), from the intersection of Booger Swamp Road westward about one-half mile.

Originally a thriving small community, the area was home to Harmony Heights Lumber Company, Harmony Heights Animal Hospital, Welborn Chevrolet, Jabe Joyner's Barber Shop, and an Esso gas station.

Yadkin Valley Telephone Membership Corp. moved here in the 1960s from downtown Yadkinville. In August 1980, YVTMC moved to its current location in Courtney and Duke Power moved into the site. Duke Power moved operations to Jonesville in the early 1990s and the property is now owned by the Yadkin Valley Economic Development District Inc.

Harmony Heights Animal Hospital moved in the 1990s to a new facility, at 220 Pollywood Lane Yadkinville, the only business in current operation maintaining the original name of the community where it began.

Jonesville, North Carolina
Jonesville, originally called Allen's Settlement, founded in 1811 under the name of Martinsborough, is the oldest town in Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,308 at the 2020 census. The town grew by nearly 800 residents in 2001 when it merged with neighboring Arlington. Recognized as the Heart of the Yadkin Valley, Jonesville is a gateway to the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Yadkin Valley Heritage/Cultural Corridor and to local wineries in the Swan Creek AVA and the larger Yadkin Valley AVA, as well as offering access to the Yadkin River.
German submarine U-187
German submarine U-187 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.
Her keel was laid down on 6 August 1941 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 1027. She was launched on 16 March 1942 and commissioned on 23 July with Kapitänleutnant Ralph Münnich in command.

The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 January 1943 for operations.

She was sunk by two British destroyers on 4 February 1943.

4th U-boat Flotilla
The 4th U-boat Flotilla (German 4. Unterseebootsflottille) was formed in May 1941 in Stettin under the command of Kapitänleutnant Werner Jacobsen. Nearly 300 boats received their basic training here. It was disbanded in May 1945.
Ireland, 1912–1985: Politics and Society
Ireland, 1912–1985: Politics and Society is a book by Irish historian and politician J. J. Lee, published in 1989. It studies 20th-century Irish history, and emphasizes the influence of Irish cultural, social, and economic history on Irish national politics since home rule. The book was mostly well-received, and won several awards.

Economic history of Ireland
Ireland's economic history starts at the end of the Ice Age when the first humans arrived there. Agriculture then came around 4500 BC. Iron technology came with the Celts around 350 BC. From the 12th century to the 1970s, most Irish exports went to England. During this period, Ireland's main exports were foodstuffs. In the 20th century, Ireland's economy diversified and grew. It is now one of the richest countries in the world by GDP per capita.
Pisces Overdensity
The Pisces Overdensity is a clump of stars in the Milky Way's halo, which may be a disrupted dwarf spheroidal galaxy. It is situated in the Pisces constellation and was discovered in 2009 by analysis of distribution of RR Lyrae stars in the data obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's data.  The galaxy is located at the distance of about 80 kpc from the Sun and moves towards it with a speed of about 75 km/s.

The Pisces Overdensity is one of the faintest satellites of the Milky Way. Its mass is estimated to be at least 105 Solar masses. However it has a large size of about several degrees (around 1 kpc) and may be in a transitional phase between a gravitationally bound galaxy and completely unbound system.  The Pisces Overdensity is located near the plane, where the Magellanic Clouds lie.  There may exist a connection between the Magellanic Stream and this galaxy.

Sloan Digital Sky Survey
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States. The project began in 2000 and was named after the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, which contributed significant funding.

A consortium of the University of Washington and Princeton University was established to conduct a redshift survey. The Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) was established in 1984 with the additional participation of New Mexico State University and Washington State University to manage activities at Apache Point. In 1991, the Sloan Foundation granted the ARC funding for survey efforts and the construction of equipment to carry out the work.
.hk
.hk is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Introduced on 3 January 1990, it is administered by the Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation (HKIRC).

Top-level domain
A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non-empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.