hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lupus anticoagulant
Lupus anticoagulant is an immunoglobulin that binds to phospholipids and proteins associated with the cell membrane. Its name is a partial misnomer, as it is actually a prothrombotic antibody in vivo. The name derives from their properties in vitro, as these antibodies increase coagulation times in laboratory tests such as the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Investigators speculate that the antibodies interfere with phospholipids used to induce in vitro coagulation. In vivo, the antibodies are thought to interact with platelet membrane phospholipids, increasing adhesion and aggregation of platelets, which accounts for the in vivo prothrombotic characteristics.

The condition was first described by hematologist C. Lockard Conley in 1952.

Misnomer
A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied. Misnomers often arise because something was named long before its correct nature was known, or because an earlier form of something has been replaced by a later form to which the name no longer suitably applies. A misnomer may also be a word that is used incorrectly or misleadingly. The word "misnomer" does not mean "misunderstanding" or "popular misconception", and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect.
The Breakers (1878)
The Breakers (built in 1878) was a Queen Anne style cottage designed by Peabody and Stearns for Pierre Lorillard IV and located along the Cliff Walk on Ochre Point Avenue, Newport, Rhode Island.  In 1883, it was referred to as "unquestionably the most magnificent estate in Newport."

The home, which was acquired by Cornelius Vanderbilt II in 1885, was destroyed by fire in 1892 and replaced by the current Breakers. While only extant for 14 years, it "was widely known in the nineteenth century and continues to attract the attention of architectural historians today."

Newport Cliff Walk
41°28′02″N 71°18′08″W﻿ / ﻿41.4672°N 71.3021°W﻿ / 41.4672; -71.3021

The Newport Cliff Walk is considered one of the top attractions in Newport, Rhode Island, in the United States. It is a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) public access walkway that borders the shore line. It has been designated a National Recreation Trail, the first in New England.

The Cliff Walk starts from the east end of Bailey's Beach to the western end of First Beach. There are public access points at Bellevue Avenue, Ledge Road, Marine Avenue, Ruggles Avenue, Sheppard Avenue, Webster Street, Narragansett Avenue, and Memorial Boulevard.

The Cliff Walk provides views of The Breakers, Marble House, Rough Point, and other prominent mansions from the Gilded Age as well as views into the Narragansett Bay.
Siejkowo
Siejkowo [ɕɛi̯ˈkɔvɔ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ryn, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Ryn, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Giżycko, and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Giżycko County
Giżycko County (Polish: powiat giżycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms of 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Giżycko, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Ryn, lying 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Giżycko.

The county covers an area of 1,118.74 square kilometres (431.9 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 56,661, out of which the population of Giżycko is 29,335, that of Ryn is 2,851, and the rural population is 24,475.

Until 2002 Giżycko County also included the three gminas which now form Węgorzewo County.
What the Funny
What The Funny was an urban comedy digital media company founded by comedian Marlon Wayans and Funny or Die co-founder Randy Adams, and industry veteran Peter D. Coleman. The studio was located on the lot at Sunset Gower Studios.

The site had partnerships with former American Idol contestant and YouTube star Todrick Hall and Houston rapper Trae tha Truth.

Todrick Hall
Todrick Hall (born April 4, 1985) is an American singer, rapper, choreographer, and YouTuber. He gained national attention on the ninth season of the televised singing competition American Idol. Following this, he amassed a following on YouTube with original songs, parodies, and skits. A documentary series about his video-making process titled Todrick aired on MTV in 2015.

Starting with season eight, Hall became a resident choreographer and occasional judge on RuPaul's Drag Race. From 2016 to 2017, Hall starred as Lola in Kinky Boots on Broadway. Later in 2017, he began appearances as Billy Flynn in Chicago on Broadway and in the West End. He also appeared as Ogie in Waitress on Broadway in 2019.

Hall has released four studio albums, including the visual albums Straight Outta Oz (2016) and Forbidden (2018). In 2020, he released an EP, Quarantine Queen, and was the international host of Global Pride 2020.
Beatrice of Silesia
Beatrice of Silesia (also known as Beatrice of Świdnica; Polish: Beatrycze świdnicka, German: Beatrix von Schweidnitz ; 1290 – 24 August 1322) was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast in the Silesian branch of Jawor-Świdnica and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria and German Queen.

German Tyrol
German Tyrol (German: Deutschtirol; Italian: Tirolo tedesco) is a historical region in the Alps now divided between Austria and Italy.  It includes largely ethnic German areas of historical County of Tyrol: the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the province of South Tyrol but not the largely Italian-speaking province of Trentino (formerly Welschtirol).
Madhubangoth
Madhubangoth  is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,346 people living in 646 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Miss & Mister Deaf World
Miss & Mister Deaf World (MMDW) is an international beauty pageant which crowns young deaf women "Miss Deaf World" and young deaf men "Mister Deaf World" every year, usually in Prague, in the Czech Republic.

Deafhood
Deafhood is a term coined by Paddy Ladd in his book Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood. While the precise meaning of the word remains deliberately broad—Ladd himself calls Deafhood a "process" rather than something finite and clear—it attempts to convey an affirmative and positive acceptance of being deaf.
Outrage (emotion)
Outrage is a strong moral emotion characterized by a combination of surprise, disgust, and anger, usually in reaction to a grave personal offense. It comes from old French "ultrage", which in turn borrows from classical Latin "ultra", meaning "beyond".

Moral outrage is the emotion of outrage experienced in reaction to an injustice, as such involving a moral judgement, and is often accompanied by a desire to shame and/or punish wrongdoers.

Injustice
Injustice is a quality relating to unfairness or undeserved outcomes. The term may be applied in reference to a particular event or situation, or to a larger status quo. In Western philosophy and jurisprudence, injustice is very commonly—but not always—defined as  either the absence or the opposite of justice.

The sense of injustice is a universal human feature, though the exact circumstances considered unjust can vary from culture to culture. While even acts of nature can sometimes arouse the sense of injustice, the sense is usually felt in relation to human action such as misuse, abuse, neglect, or malfeasance that is uncorrected or else sanctioned by a legal system or fellow human beings.

The sense of injustice can be a powerful motivational condition, causing people to take action not just to defend themselves but also others who they perceive to be unfairly treated. Injustice within legal or societal standards are sometimes referred to as a two-tiered system.
Communes of the Hérault department
The following is a list of the 341 communes of the Hérault department of France.

The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole

Communauté d'agglomération Béziers Méditerranée

Communauté d'agglomération Hérault Méditerranée

CA Lunel Agglo

Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de l'Or

CA Sète Agglopôle Méditerranée

Communauté de communes Les Avant-Monts

Communauté de communes des Cévennes Gangeoises et Suménoises (partly)

Communauté de communes du Clermontais

Communauté de communes la Domitienne

Communauté de communes Grand Orb

Communauté de communes du Grand Pic Saint-Loup

Communauté de communes Lodévois et Larzac

Communauté de communes du Minervois au Caroux

Communauté de communes du Haut-Languedoc (partly)

Communauté de communes Sud-Hérault

Communauté de communes Vallée de l'Hérault

Lunel Agglo
Lunel Agglo is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Lunel. It is located in the Hérault department, in the Occitanie region, southern France. It was established in December 1993 as the communauté de communes du Pays de Lunel. It was transformed into a communauté d'agglomération in January 2024. Its seat is in Lunel. Its area is 157.9 km2. Its population was 51,364 in 2021, of which 26,185 in Lunel proper.
Ragnarok Battle Offline
Ragnarok Battle Offline is a beat 'em up game for Microsoft Windows created by dojin soft developer French-Bread. The soundtrack is composed by Raito of Lisa-Rec. It is a homage and a spoof of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Ragnarok Online created by South Korean developer Gravity Corporation.

The game's high sales led Gravity Corporation to give it a release outside of Japan. Released as Ragnarok Battle, the game has been distributed in Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand and a deluxe package in Korea which comes with its own gamepad. Level Up! Games also released an English version of Ragnarok Battle Offline available in the Philippines, but this release is based only on the initial version of Ragnarok Battle Offline, which does not include the expansions released by French-Bread.

Since April 2007, the game has been digitally distributed through Melonbooks DL.

Homage (arts)
Homage (/ˈhɒmɪdʒ/ or /ˈɒmɪdʒ/) is a show or demonstration of respect or dedication to someone or something, sometimes by simple declaration but often by some more oblique reference, artistic or poetic. The term is often used in the arts, where one author or artist shows respect to another by allusion or imitation; this is often spelled like and pronounced similar to the original French hommage (/oʊˈmɑːʒ/).
Rentier capitalism
Rentier capitalism is a concept in Marxist and heterodox economics to refer to rent-seeking and exploitation by companies in capitalist systems. The term was developed by Austrian social geographer Hans Bobek describing an economic system that was widespread in antiquity and still widespread in the Middle East, where productive investments are largely lacking and the highest possible share of income is skimmed off from ground-rents, leases and rents. Consequently, in many developing countries, rentier capitalism is an obstacle to economic development. A rentier is someone who earns income from capital without working. This is generally done through ownership of assets that generate yield (cash generated by assets), such as rental properties, shares in dividend-paying companies, or bonds that pay interest.

Ground rent
As a legal term, ground rent specifically refers to regular payments made by a holder of a leasehold property to the freeholder or a superior leaseholder, as required under a lease. In this sense, a ground rent is created when a freehold piece of land is sold on a long lease or leases. The ground rent provides an income for the landowner. In economics, ground rent is a form of economic rent meaning all value accruing to titleholders as a result of the exclusive ownership of title privilege to location.
Hoshina Masamitsu
Hoshina Masamitsu (保科 正光, 1561 – October 31, 1631) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. Masamitsu was the son of Hoshina Masanao, and after having lent his support to Tokugawa Ieyasu at the 1600 Battle of Sekigahara, he was given the Takatō fief in 1600.

With his father's death the following year in Takatō, Masamitsu became the new head of the Hoshina clan and served throughout the Osaka Campaigns of 1614 and 1615. Masamitsu was later privileged with the adoption of Tokugawa Hidetada's fourth son Komatsu, the future Hoshina Masayuki. His childhood name was Jinshiro (甚四郎).

Siege of Osaka
The siege of Osaka (大坂の役, Ōsaka no Eki; or, more commonly, 大坂の陣 Ōsaka no Jin) was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages, the winter campaign and the summer campaign, it lasted from 1614 to 1615. The siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. The end of the conflict is sometimes called the Genna Armistice (元和偃武, Genna Enbu), because the era name was changed from Keichō to Genna immediately following the siege.
Rebecca Curtis
Rebecca Curtis (born January 10, 1974) is an American writer. She is the author of Twenty Grand and Other Tales of Love & Money (HarperCollins, 2007) and has been published in The New Yorker, Harper's, McSweeney's, NOON, N+1, and other magazines.

Curtis received her bachelor's degree from Pomona College in Claremont, California. She also holds an MFA from Syracuse University and a Master's in English from New York University. In 2005, she received a Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers Award for emerging female writers, and won the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award for fiction.

Curtis is a lecturer in Columbia University's Writing Program and is a contributor to Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art.

Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award
The Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award was an award given annually to beginning women writers.  Established in 1995 by American author Rona Jaffe, the Foundation offers grants to writers of poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction. The award was discontinued in March 2021; the foundation cited the high cost of administering the award as the main factor.

Recipients of the award were selected through nominations only.  Past recipients include Aryn Kyle, Emily Rapp, and ZZ Packer.
Bonnie Sharp
Bonnie Jean Sharp (September 3, 1946 – March 21, 2013) was an American politician who served in the Kansas House of Representatives as a Democrat from the 31st district from 1997 until the end of 2006. Sharp was elected in 1996, and was re-elected continuously until she declined to run for re-election in 2006.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Philippe Gallart
Philippe Gallart (born Béziers, 18 December 1962) is a former French rugby union footballer and coach. He played as a prop. He currently works as an architect.

Gallart played all his career at AS Béziers. He won 3 French Championships, in 1980/81, 1981/82 and 1983/83, and the Cup of France, in 1985/86. He left competition in 2000.

He had 18 caps for France, from 1990 to 1995, without ever scoring. He played at the Five Nations for 3 times, in 1992, 1994 and 1995. Gallart was also selected for the 1995 Rugby World Cup finals, playing a single game.

AS Béziers Hérault
Association sportive de Béziers Hérault (French pronunciation: [asɔsjɑsjɔ̃ spɔʁtiv də bezje eʁo]; Occitan: Associacion Esportiva de Besièrs Erau), often referred to by rugby media simply by its location of Béziers, is a French rugby union club currently playing in the second level of the country's professional rugby system, Pro D2. They earned their most recent promotion as the 2011 Fédérale 1 champions, but the club also won 11 Top 14 titles since its establishment in 1911.

Béziers was a major force in French rugby throughout the 1970s and 1980s; however, at the end of 2004–05 season they were relegated to Pro D2. After some years playing in the French second division, they finished bottom of the table in 2008–09 and were relegated to amateur Fédérale 1, before returning to Pro D2 after their 2011 title. They are based in Béziers in the Hérault department of Occitania, and play at the Stade Raoul-Barrière (capacity 18,555). The club colors are red and blue.
6th Virginia Infantry Regiment
The 6th Virginia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.

6th Infantry Regiment organized at Norfolk, Virginia in May, 1861, composed of men recruited from Norfolk and nearby Princess Anne, Nansemond, and Chesterfield Counties.

The field officers were Colonels Thomas J. Corprew (Norfolk's sheriff in 1861 and captain of the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues), William Mahone (who rose to General and later U.S. Senator), and George T. Rogers; Lieutenant Colonels William T. Lundy and Henry W. Williamson; and Major Robert B. Taylor. Corprew's brother Oliver H.P. Corprew, a wealthy tobacco farmer from Mecklenburg County became the unit's quartermaster.

Chesterfield County, Virginia
Chesterfield County is a county located just south of Richmond in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county's borders are primarily defined by the James River to the north and the Appomattox River to the south. Its county seat is Chesterfield Court House.

Chesterfield County was formed in 1749 from parts of Henrico County. It was named for Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, a prominent English statesman who had been the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 364,548, making it the fourth-most populous county in Virginia (behind Fairfax, Prince William, and Loudoun, respectively). Chesterfield County is part of the Greater Richmond Region, and the county refers to much of the northern portion as "North Chesterfield".
2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two
The 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two was an international cricket tournament that took place in April 2019 in Namibia. It was contested by six teams; Canada, Hong Kong, Oman, Papua New Guinea, the United States and tournament hosts Namibia. It formed part of the 2017–19 cycle of the World Cricket League (WCL) which determined the qualification for the 2023 Cricket World Cup. The final and third-place playoff match were granted One Day International (ODI) status by the International Cricket Council. Namibia won the tournament, defeating Oman by 145 runs in the final. It was Namibia's first win in an ODI match, and the first ever ODI match played by Oman.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Linear B Ideograms
Linear B Ideograms is a Unicode block containing ideographic characters for writing Mycenaean Greek and Minoan. Several Linear B ideographs double as syllabic letters, and are encoded in the Linear B Syllabary block.

Minoan language
The Minoan language is the language (or languages) of the ancient Minoan civilization of Crete written in the Cretan hieroglyphs and later in the Linear A syllabary. As the Cretan hieroglyphs are undeciphered and Linear A only partly deciphered, the Minoan language is unknown and unclassified. With the existing evidence, it is even impossible to be certain that the two scripts record the same language.

The Eteocretan language, attested in a few alphabetic inscriptions from Crete 1,000 years later, is possibly a descendant of Minoan, but is also unclassified.
Embassy of Afghanistan, London
The Embassy of Afghanistan in London (Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوری سفارت; Dari: سفارت جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان) was the primary diplomatic mission of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the United Kingdom. The building formerly occupied by the embassy is located at 31 Princes Gate in London's South Kensington district.

Earlier residents include the industrialist Charles Wright, chairman of Baldwins, and George Whiteley, 1st Baron Marchamley.

Richard Thomas and Baldwins
Richard Thomas and Baldwins Ltd (RTB) was a major iron, steel and tinplate producer, primarily based in Wales and formed in 1948 by the merger of Richard Thomas & Co Ltd with Baldwins Ltd. It was absorbed into British Steel Corporation in 1967. The business now forms part of Tata Steel Europe.
Powder Island
Powder Island (69°32′S 68°47′W﻿ / ﻿69.533°S 68.783°W﻿ / -69.533; -68.783) is a small island lying 8 nautical miles (15 km) south-southeast of Cape Jeremy and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off the west coast of Palmer Land, in George VI Sound. First surveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), and so named by them because of the friable nature of the rock found on the island.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.