hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Babiana rivulicola
Babiana rivulicola is a species of geophytic, perennial flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. The species is endemic to the Northern Cape and occurs on the Kamiesberge where it is part of the succulent Karoo vegetation. Here it has an area of occurrence of 5 km2 and is considered rare.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
Bertolini
Bertolini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adrián Bertolini (born 1978), Uruguayan basketball player

Alessandro Bertolini (born 1971), cyclist

Andrea Bertolini (born 1973), race car driver

Christopher Bertolini, American film writer and producer

Gioele Bertolini (born 1995), Italian cyclist

Jack Bertolini (1934–2021), Scottish footballer

José Elguero Bertolini (born 1934), Spanish chemist

Luigi Bertolini (1904–1977), football player

Mark Bertolini (born 1956), American business executive

Massimo Bertolini (born 1974), Italian tennis player

Michelle Bertolini (born 1994), Venezuelan tennis player

Milena Bertolini (born 1966), Italian football player and manager

Pietro Bertolini (1859–1920), Italian statesman

Roberto Bertolini (born 1985), Italian javelin thrower

Veronica Bertolini (born 1995), Italian gymnast

Massimo Bertolini
Massimo Bertolini (born 30 May 1974) is a retired, Italian professional tennis player.

Bertolini had a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 329, achieved on 1 May 1995. He also had a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 36, achieved on 3 May 2004.

A doubles specialist, Bertolini reached 34 doubles finals across his career with a record of 14 wins and 20 losses. Included among those results, he went 12–14 in ATP Challenger Tour finals as well as winning two ATP Tour titles (2–5 overall record). He also reached two Grand Slam quarter-finals, at the 2001 US Open and the 2003 French Open.
Eastern Upper Lusatia
Eastern Upper Lusatia (German: Östliche Oberlausitz; Upper Sorbian: Wuchodna Hornja Łužica) is a natural region in Saxony and, in a broader sense, part of the Western Sudetes range including the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The current Saxon division of natural regions view the region as part of the Saxon Loess Fields and divides it into 12 subdivisions at the level of meso-geochores.

Saxon Loess Fields
The Saxon Loess Fields (German: Sächsisches Lössgefilde) refer to a natural region that lies mainly within the state of Saxony in central Germany. In addition, small areas of this region extend to the northwest and west into Saxony-Anhalt (the land around Weißenfels), to the southeast into Thuringia (the region around Altenburg) and to the northeast into Brandenburg. It more-or-less combines the BfN's major regions listed as D19 Saxon Upland and Ore Mountain Foreland, (Sächsisches Hügelland und Erzgebirgsvorland) and D14, Upper Lusatia (Oberlausitz); only the range of Central Uplands hills, the Lusatian Mountains, has been excluded and instead forms part of the Saxon Highlands and Uplands (Sächsisches Bergland und Mittelgebirge).
Potassium tartrate
Potassium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate or argol has formula K2C4H4O6. It is the potassium salt of tartaric acid.  It is often confused with potassium bitartrate, also known as cream of tartar.  As a food additive, it shares the E number E336 with potassium bitartrate.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
L. B. Liddy
Lucius B. (L. B.) Liddy (August 22, 1905 – April 2, 1990) was an American politician from the state of Iowa.

Liddy was born in Strawberry Point, Iowa in 1905. He was appointed Secretary of Agriculture of Iowa on June 19, 1961, five days after his predecessor, Clyde Spry, died (June 14). Liddy served out the remaining of Spry's term until himself being elected in the same position for the 1963 to 1965 term. As Democrats swept the polls in Iowa for the 1965 to 1967 term, he was succeeded by Kenneth Owen. When Republicans regained control, Liddy in turn succeeded Owen for the 1967 to 1969 term, as well as the 1969 to 1971 and 1971 to 1973 terms. In January 1973, Liddy was succeeded by his deputy, Robert H. Lounsberry. Liddy died in Des Moines, Iowa in 1990. He was married with three children.

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.
Lighthouse Café
The Lighthouse Café is a nightclub located at 30 Pier Avenue in Hermosa Beach, California. It has been active as a jazz showcase since 1949 and, under the name "The Lighthouse", was one of the best known West Coast jazz clubs from the 1950s through the late 1970s. In addition to jazz, reggae to rock - among other genres of music - are performed at the venue, including bookings of local artists such as Jett Prescott and George Stanford.

Shorty Rogers
Milton "Shorty" Rogers (born Milton Rajonsky; April 14, 1924 – November 7, 1994) was an American jazz musician, one of the principal creators of West Coast jazz. He played trumpet and flugelhorn and was in demand for his skills as an arranger.
Lyapis Trubetskoy
Lyapis Trubetskoy (Russian: Ляпис Трубецкой, Belarusian: Ляпіс Трубяцкі, romanized: Lyapis Trubyatski) is a Belarusian rock band. It was named after the comical hero from Ilya Ilf's and Yevgeny Petrov's novel "The Twelve Chairs", poet and potboiler Nikifor Lyapis, who used the pseudonym Trubetskoy.

On 17 March 2014 frontman Siarhei Mikhalok announced that the band would be dissolved. Accordingly on 31 August the band ceased to exist and split into two ensambles: Brutto and Trubetskoy.

The group resumed its activities in 2022 against the background of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Yevgeny Petrov (writer)
Yevgeny Petrovich Petrov, also spelled Evgeny or Yevgeni, (Евгений Петрович Петров, born Katayev (Катаев); December 13 [O.S. November 30] 1902 in Odessa – July 2, 1942) was a popular Soviet author in the 1920s and 1930s. He often worked in collaboration with Ilya Ilf. As Ilf and Petrov, they wrote The Twelve Chairs, released in 1928, and its sequel, The Little Golden Calf, released in 1931.
Digital Noise Alliance
Digital Noise Alliance is the sixteenth studio album by American progressive metal band Queensrÿche. It was released on October 7, 2022, by Century Media Records. It is the fourth studio album recorded with vocalist Todd La Torre, and first album to feature drummer Casey Grillo, as well as the first album since Take Cover to feature rhythm guitarist Mike Stone. The record was produced by Chris "Zeuss" Harris.

The first single from the album, "In Extremis", was released on June 23, 2022. This was followed by the second single, "Forest", on July 21, 2022, and the third single "Behind The Walls" on August 31, 2022.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Canton of Gignac
The canton of Gignac is an administrative division of the Hérault department, southern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Gignac.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
Monastery of the Cross
The Monastery of the Cross (Arabic: دير الصليب, romanized: Dayr al-Salīb; Hebrew: מנזר המצלבה; Greek: Μοναστήρι του Σταυρού; Georgian: ჯვრის მონასტერი, jvris monast'eri) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery near the Nayot neighborhood of Jerusalem. It is located in the Valley of the Cross, below the Israel Museum and the Knesset.

Nayot
Nayot (Hebrew: נָיוֹת) is a neighborhood in south-central Jerusalem established in 1960 by a group of English-speaking immigrants. The neighborhood's population of 2,223 includes a mix of families, young children, and older adults. Its most notable landmark is likely the Jerusalem Botanical Gardens.
Caturaí
Caturaí is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil.

Caturaí is 32 kilometers north of Goiânia and belongs to the Anápolis Microregion.  It is connected to the state capital by highway GO-070.  Neighboring municipalities are:  Inhumas, Goiânia, Santa Bárbara de Goiás, Araçu, Avelinópolis, and Trindade.

Microregion of Anápolis
The Anápolis Microregion is a microregion of central Goiás state, Brazil. More than sixty percent of the population is concentrated in Anápolis, the regional center.

The land is fertile and well-watered. The towns are small and comparatively prosperous. The largest cities are Anápolis, Inhumas, Jaraguá, and Itaberaí. The most populous municipality is  Anápolis with 325,544 inhabitants.  The least populous is Jesúpolis with 2,201 inhabitants.

The largest municipality in land area is Jaraguá with 1,895.6 km2. The smallest is Damolândia with 84.9 km2.

The area is slightly smaller than Puerto Rico or slightly less than three times the size of the American state of Rhode Island.
Sisowath Quay
Sisowath Quay (Khmer: តីរវិថីព្រះស៊ីសុវត្ថិ, Preah Sisowath Quay) is a 3-kilometre riverfront strip along the Tonlé Sap River in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

It is lined with hotels, restaurants, bars, cafes, and shops. The strip is filled with vendors and locals and is popular with tourists.

The portion in front of the palace was used for watching boat races during the Water Festival. The Foreign Correspondents' Club of Cambodia is located along the strip.

The quay is named in honour of King Sisowath of Cambodia.

Tonlé Sap River
Tonlé Sap (Khmer: ទន្លេ​សាប [tŭən.ˈlei saːp]) is a river in Cambodia that connects the Tonlé Sap lake with the Mekong river. The river is known for its unusual seasonal reversal, which plays a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, sustaining local livelihoods, enhancing agricultural productivity, and contributing to the ecological, economic, and cultural vitality of the region.
CtRNA
In molecular biology ctRNA (counter-transcribed RNA) is a plasmid encoded noncoding RNA that binds to the mRNA of repB and causes translational inhibition.
ctRNA is encoded by plasmids and functions in rolling circle replication to maintain a low copy number. In Corynebacterium glutamicum, it achieves this by antisense pairing with the mRNA of RepB, a replication initiation protein.
In Enterococcus faecium the plasmid pJB01 contains three open reading frames, copA, repB, and repC. The pJB01 ctRNA is coded on the opposite strand from the copA/repB intergenic region and partially overlaps an atypical ribosome binding site for repB.

Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, scaRNAs and the long ncRNAs such as Xist and HOTAIR.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. 
Many of the newly identified ncRNAs have unknown functions, if any. 
There is no consensus on how much of non-coding transcription is functional: some believe most ncRNAs to be non-functional "junk RNA", spurious transcriptions, while others expect that many non-coding transcripts have functions to be discovered.
Charles White (physician)
Charles White FRS (4 October 1728 – 20 February 1813) was an English physician and a co-founder of the Manchester Royal Infirmary and the St Mary's Hospital for Lying in Women in 1790. White made contributions in the fields of orthopaedics, surgery, and obstetrics. He was a founding member of the Portico Library and of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, where he was also Vice President for twenty three years.

Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, popularly known as the Lit. & Phil., is one of the oldest learned societies in the United Kingdom and second oldest provincial learned society (after the Spalding Gentlemen's Society).

Prominent members have included Robert Owen, John Dalton, James Prescott Joule, Sir William Fairbairn, Tom Kilburn, Peter Mark Roget, Sir Ernest Rutherford, Alan Turing, Sir Joseph Whitworth and Dorothy Hodgkin.
Cherrybrook
Cherrybrook is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 29 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district and in the local government area of Hornsby Shire. Cherrybrook is often referred to as being located in the Hills District of Sydney.

Hills District, New South Wales
The Hills District (alternatively the Hills) is a region of Sydney, within the northern part of the Greater Western Sydney region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

There are no formal or legal definitions of this district but a loose definition would be that it stretches from the M2 Hills Motorway in the south to the Hawkesbury River in the north and Old Windsor Road in the west to Pennant Hills Road and Berowra Creek in the east.

The Hills District is a conservative and largely white collar region.
Matt Watson (cricketer)
Matthew John Corbett Watson (born 4 April 1987), is an English cricketer. Watson is a right-handed batsman who bowls leg breaks. He was born in Barnet, London and educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham before studying at Oxford Brookes University.

Watson made his debut for Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club in the 2007 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Hertfordshire. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire between 2007 and 2015, which included 17 Minor Counties Championship matches and 16 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. Watson made his first-class cricket debut for Oxford UCCE against Worcestershire in 2009. He played a further five first-class fixtures spread over 2009 and 2010, the last coming against Middlesex.

Roger Watson, his uncle, played two first-class cricket matches for Lancashire.

Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club
Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Buckinghamshire.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Buckinghamshire played List A matches occasionally from 1965 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays its matches around the county at various locations including at Wormsley on the Getty Estate. Until 1979 it played regularly at Ascott Park, the home of the Rothschild family which was prominent in the club's foundation.
Neural network Gaussian process
A Neural Network Gaussian Process (NNGP) is a Gaussian process (GP) obtained as the limit of a certain type of sequence of neural networks. Specifically, a wide variety of network architectures converges to a GP in the infinitely wide limit, in the sense of distribution.
The concept constitutes an intensional definition, i.e., a NNGP is just a GP, but distinguished by how it is obtained.

Extensional and intensional definitions
In logic, extensional and intensional definitions are two key ways in which the objects, concepts, or referents a term refers to can be defined. They give meaning or denotation to a term.
An intensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for when the term should be used. 
An extensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying every object that falls under the definition of the term in question.

For example, in set theory one would extensionally define the set of square numbers as {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, }, while an intensional definition of the set of the square numbers could be { is the square of an integer}.
Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900–1999)
This is a timeline of geopolitical changes around the world between 1900 and 1999. It includes dates of declarations of independence, changes in country name, changes of capital city or name, and changes in territory such as the annexation, cession, concession, occupation, or secession of land. Territorial conquests as a result of war are included on the timeline at the conclusion of military campaigns, but changes in the course of specific battles and day-to-day operations are generally not included. Changes in airspace and maritime territory are included only when they are subject to a dispute. Over 50% of the world's borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. The British and French drew the modern borders of the Middle East, 80% of the borders of Africa, in Asia after the independence of the British Raj and French Indochina and the borders of Europe after World War I as victors, as a result of the Paris treaties.

Declaration of independence
A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.
Quartiere Campo dei Fiori
Quartiere Campo dei Fiori is a small district in Milan, Italy. The district measures 400 by 300 meters (1,310 by 980 ft). It is located in the north-western outskirts of the city, and is a part of Zone 8.

The name is derived from a village ("villaggio") that arose in the early 1900s in the uncultivated area between Villapizzone and Ghisolfa. To the east, the district is bounded by the railway between Milano Porta Garibaldi and Milano Certosa. The district also marks the border with Bovisa, and represents the dividing line between Zone 8 and Zone 9.

Milano Certosa railway station
Milano Certosa is a surface railway station in Milan, Italy. The station is on the north-west part of the city between the Quarto Oggiaro and Musocco neighborhoods. Its name comes from the Certosa di Garegnano. The station is located on Via Antonio Mambretti. The train services are operated by Trenord.

The station is the oldest still operating in Milan, and the only one established by the Austrian Empire before the unification of Italy.
Alan Crossley
Alan Crossley (born 14 May 1941) is a former English cricketer.  Crossley was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born in Oldham, Lancashire.

Crossley made his debut for Oxfordshire in the 1969 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire.  Crossley played Minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire from 1969 to 1989 which included 153 Minor Counties Championship matches and 9 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Durham in the 1972 Gillette Cup.  He made 8 further List A appearances, the last coming against Leicestershire in the 1987 NatWest Trophy. In his 9 List A matches, he scored 104 runs at a batting average of 17.33, with a high score of 38.  Behind the stumps he took 6 catches and made 2 stumpings.

Stump (cricket)
In cricket, the stumps are the three vertical posts that support the bails and form the wicket. Stumping or being stumped is a method of dismissing a batsman.

The umpire calling stumps means the play is over for the day.
Jesse Alexander (photographer)
Jesse Alexander (born 1929 in Santa Barbara, California, died December 15, 2021, in Santa Barbara, California) was an American photographer who covered motorsports, portraits, birds and travel. He also published several books.

One of his first photo expeditions was in 1953 to the Carrera Panamericana race in Mexico. Since 1954, he covered large European races such as 24 Hours of Le Mans in France, and the Mille Miglia and Targa Florio of Italy. While in Europe he also photographed culture celebrities  for The New York Times, and was the European editor for Car and Driver magazine.

In 1974 Roland Coate Jr. designed a distinctive, massive concrete Brutalist home for Alexander and his wife in Montecito, CA. The home, known as Mudhouse, was largely underground and subsequently purchased by comedian Steve Martin.

He exhibited at the Birmingham Museum of Art, the Akron Art Museum, and the Santa Barbara Museum of Art.

Mille Miglia
The Mille Miglia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmille ˈmiʎʎa], Thousand Miles) was an open-road, motorsport endurance race established in 1927 by the young Counts Francesco Mazzotti and Aymo Maggi. It took place in Italy 24 times from 1927 to 1957 (13 times before World War II, and 11 times from 1947).

Like the older Targa Florio and later the Carrera Panamericana in Mexico, the MM made grand tourers like Alfa Romeo, BMW, Ferrari, Maserati, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche famous. The race brought out an estimated 5 million spectators.

From 1953 until 1957, the Mille Miglia was also a round of the World Sports Car Championship.

Since 1977, the "Mille Miglia" has been reborn as a regularity race for classic and vintage cars. Participation is limited to cars, produced no later than 1957, which had attended (or were registered to) the original race. The route (Brescia–Rome round trip) is similar to that of the original race, maintaining the point of departure/arrival in Viale Venezia in Brescia.