hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crediton, Ontario
Crediton is a small rural community in the municipality of South Huron, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the southern part of Huron County, approximately 31 mi (50 km) north west of London, near the town of Exeter. It also located near Grand Bend, Huron Park & Centrallia which is home of RCAF Station Centralia which currently operates under Centralia/James T. Field Memorial Aerodrome. The area is known for its agricultural surroundings, historical background and early German settlers of Upper Canada, lots of them settling in the area due to promises of the Canada Company.

Huron County, Ontario
Huron County (/ˈhjʊərɒn, -ən/ HURE-on, -⁠ən) is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located on the southeast shore of its namesake, Lake Huron, in the southwest part of the province. The county seat is Goderich, also the county's largest community.

The population reported in the 2021 Census for this predominantly agricultural area with many villages and small towns was 61,366 in a land area of 3,398 square kilometres.  Of the total population, 7,881 reside in Goderich.
Ernest Roney
Ernest John Roney (8 June 1900 – 23 March 1975) was a sailor from Great Britain, who represented his country at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Le Havre, France. Roney took the silver in the 8 Metre. In the 1928 competition he came 7th. He was the brother of Margaret Roney and Esmond Roney.

Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre
The 8 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics program in Le Havre. A program of matches and semi-finals were scheduled. In case of a tie sail-off's could be held. 25 sailors, on 5 boats from 5 nations competed. A sixth entry from Italy did not show.
Per G. Schøyen
Per Gustav Schøyen (23 February 1924 – 21 May 2017) was a Norwegian diplomat.

He was born in Modum in February 1924. Following the examen artium, he took a business education, and spent two years in the United States. He started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1948. Positions held include those of Norwegian ambassador to Singapore from 1977 to 1981 and consul-general in Hamburg from 1987 to 1992. He also served in Moscow, Paris and Bonn during his career.

Schøyen was a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. He resided at Høvik, and his hobbies included tennis, rowing and wood carving. Schøyen died in May 2017 at the age of 93.

Examen artium
Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1630. The University of Copenhagen was the only university of Denmark-Norway until The Royal Frederick University in Christiania was founded in 1811.

In Norway, examen artium was formally discontinued after the 1982 class (but the term is still sometimes used informally to denote the diploma from today's videregående skole).
Coat of arms of Algiers
The coat of arms of Algiers, the capital of Algeria, was created after the country's independence, it shows a fortress, which symbolizes the Casbah, and a boat which symbolize the Algerian fleet, vital to the country's economy in older times, as well as two lions, which can be seen in Bab Azzoun, one of the gates of the city. The crescent symbolizes Islam, the state religion, the feather to symbolize scientific and cultural development. The sheaf of corn (the main crop of the country)  symbolizes agriculture, while the wheel symbolizes industry (Algiers is the largest industrial center of the country).

On top of the shield is a mural crown.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Vinny Arkins
Vincent Thomas Arkins (born 18 September 1970) is an Irish retired footballer who played as a striker during a 20-year career. He is most notable for his time with Portadown in Northern Ireland, where he is their all-time leading goalscorer and also briefly managed the club on an interim basis after retiring. He also played for clubs in his native Ireland, Scotland and England.

RDS Arena
RDS Arena is a multi-purpose sports stadium, owned by the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) and located in the Dublin suburb of Ballsbridge, Ireland.

The arena was developed to host equestrian events, primarily the annual Dublin Horse Show, which was first held there in 1881. The site had been acquired in 1879 by the RDS. The primary tenants of the RDS Arena are Leinster Rugby who compete in the United Rugby Championship and Champions Cup. The arena has also hosted soccer and wrestling events and concerts. It has a capacity of 18,500, 16,500 of which is seated, but has an over 40,000 capacity for concerts.

The demountable north and south stands are removed for equestrian events, with only the Grandstand and Anglesea Stand permanent. The Anglesea Stand was completed in 1927.
Chhelu Ram
Chhelu Ram VC (10 May 1905 – 20 April 1943) was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was born to Ch Jiram Garhwal in a Jat family in Dinod village near Bhiwani then part of Hisar district of Punjab Province of British India.

Bhiwani
Bhiwani is a city and a municipal council in Bhiwani district in the state of Haryana. Besides being a seat of spiritual learning, the city is at the centre of regional politics and hometown of three former Haryana chief ministers: Bansi Lal, Banarsi Das Gupta and Hukum Singh. It is located 128 km west of national capital New Delhi.

The city has a conventional school of boxing, with almost all of the members of the Indian Boxing Squad coming from its Sports Authority of India (SAI) hostel. The late Capt. Hawa Singh, the legendary boxer, helped establish the boxing academy in Bhiwani.

Bhiwani is also known as Choti Kashi because of so many ancient Hindu temples in city like Kirorimal mandir, Khaki baba temple, Jogiwala mandir.
Souleymane Faye (linguist)
Souleymane Faye is a Senegalese professor of linguistics at the Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), current head of the Serer Division at the Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar, author of Serer and Cangin languages and a journalist. Himself Serer from the Faye family, he has authored and co-authored several books and papers in Serer, Wolof, French and English. As of 2015, Professor Faye is Head of Seereer and Cangin Languages at the Seereer Resource Centre.

Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the principal language of the Serer people, and was the language of the early modern kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and Baol. Serer is primarily written in the Latin alphabet.
Abilene Aces
The Abilene Aces were a West Texas League baseball team based in Abilene, Texas, United States that played from 1928 to 1929. They reached the league finals in 1928, ultimately losing the playoff. Notable players include Debs Garms and Euel Moore.

Euel Moore
Euel Walton Moore (May 27, 1908 – February 12, 1989) nicknamed "Chief" was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Philadelphia Phillies and New York Giants.

In 1930, Moore pitched a no-hitter in the Texas League for the San Antonio Indians.

Moore was a Chickasaw. After his baseball career, he served in the U.S. Army in World War II and then for 27 years as a game ranger in Oklahoma.

Moore died on February 12, 1989, aged 80.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, and takes 5–10 minutes to complete. Developed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, the PSQI is intended to be a standardized sleep questionnaire for clinicians and researchers to use with ease and is used for multiple populations. The questionnaire has been used in many settings, including research and clinical activities, and has been used in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Clinical studies have found the PSQI to be reliable and valid in the assessment of sleep problems to some degree, but more so with self-reported sleep problems and depression-related symptoms than actigraphic measures.

Actigraphy
Actigraphy is a non-invasive method of monitoring human rest/activity cycles. A small actigraph unit, also called an actimetry sensor, is worn for a week or more to measure gross motor activity. The unit is usually in a wristwatch-like package worn on the wrist. The movements the actigraph unit undergoes are continually recorded and some units also measure light exposure. The data can be later read to a computer and analysed offline; in some brands of sensors the data are transmitted and analysed in real time.
Ochsenknecht
Ochsenknecht is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cheyenne Ochsenknecht (born 2000), German model and child actress

Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht (born 1991), German actor and singer

Natascha Ochsenknecht (born 1964), German actress

Uwe Ochsenknecht (born 1956), German actor and singer

Wilson Gonzalez Ochsenknecht (born 1990), German actor

Wilson Gonzalez Ochsenknecht
Wilson Gonzalez Ochsenknecht (born 18 March 1990) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than twenty films since 1999. His father, Uwe Ochsenknecht, is also an actor. He has a younger brother, Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht, and a younger sister, Cheyenne Savanna Ochsenknecht.
David L. Dunlap
David Lewis Dunlap (December 7, 1877 – July 9, 1954) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball, college athletics administrator, and physician.  He played football for the University of Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" teams from 1901 to 1903 and 1905.  Dunlap was the head football coach and athletic director at Kenyon College in 1906, at the University of North Dakota from 1907 to 1911, and at Allegheny College in 1912.  He also coached basketball and baseball at North Dakota and basketball at Allegheny.

Allegheny College
Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Presidents' Athletic Conference and it is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999
The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the song "One Good Reason", written by Tjeerd van Zanen and Alan Michael, and performed by Marlayne. The Dutch participating broadcaster, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), selected its entry for the contest through Nationaal Songfestival 1999. Ten entries competed in the national final on 14 March 1999 where "One Good Reason" performed by Marlayne was selected as the winner following the combination of votes from an eight-member jury panel and a public vote.

The Netherlands competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 29 May 1999. Performing during the show in position 11, the Netherlands placed eighth out of the 23 participating countries, scoring 71 points. This is the latest contest that Netherlands had the national final and its entry finished in top ten.

NPO 2
NPO 2 (known as Nederland 2 [ˌneːdərlɑn ˈtʋeː] until 2014) is a Dutch television channel, the sister channel of NPO 1 and NPO 3. It was established on 1 October 1964 at 20:00, initially with a 2.5-hour schedule until 22:30.

NPO 2 tends to broadcast arts, culture, politics, news, current affairs, documentaries and religious programmes. In the mornings, NPO 2 simulcasts NPO 1's news bulletins with sign language.

The channel is also available on cable companies in its overseas dependencies in the Caribbean, either live or time-shifted.
Holwell Quarries
Holwell Quarries (grid reference ST726450) is a 1.3-hectare (3.2-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Holwell near Nunney on the Mendip Hills in Somerset, notified in 1952.

Holwell Quarries represent an internationally important geological locality. A comprehensive assemblage of Triassic (including Rhaetic), Lower Jurassic and Middle Jurassic fissure fillings are well displayed. The Rhaetic fissure fillings have yielded the richest assemblage of vertebrate faunas known from the British Triassic. Fissure deposits have also yielded 8 or 9 genera of Reptiles: a Crocodilian, a Placodont (the first record in Britain of this sub-order), and the dinosaurs Thecodontosaurus and Palaeosaurus. The Lower Jurassic fissure fillings yield ammonites and brachiopods which are important in dating these deposits.

Placodontia
Placodonts ("tablet teeth") are an extinct order of marine reptiles that lived during the Triassic period, becoming extinct at the end of the period. They were part of Sauropterygia, the group that includes plesiosaurs. Placodonts were generally between 1 and 2 m (3 ft 3 in and 6 ft 7 in) in length, with some of the largest measuring 3 m (9.8 ft) long.

The first specimen was discovered in 1830. They have been found throughout central Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and China.
Zulkifli Noordin
Zulkifli bin Noordin (born 19 February 1962) is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Parliament (MP) for Kulim–Bandar Baharu from March 2008 to May 2013. He held the seat as an Independent, although having been elected on the ticket and as a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR) but was sacked in 2010. Zulkifli was also the deputy president of right-wing Malay organisation, Perkasa.

Zulkifli was elected to the Parliament in the 2008 election. His election had been contested by the defeated UMNO candidate; however the court petition to overturn the result was eventually withdrawn. In the 2013 election, he contested the Shah Alam parliamentary seat under the Barisan Nasional ticket and was defeated.

Zulkifli is also a Sharia lawyer.

Kulim-Bandar Baharu
Kulim-Bandar Baharu is a federal constituency in Kulim District and Bandar Baharu District, Kedah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system. This is the only constituency which was named after two towns namely Kulim and Bandar Baharu and is still used today.
Uwe Storch
Uwe Storch (born 12 July 1940, Leopoldshall– Lanzarote, 17 September 2017) was a German mathematician. His field of research was commutative algebra, and analytic and algebraic geometry, in particular derivations, divisor class group, and resultants.

Storch studied mathematics, physics, and mathematical logic at the University of Münster and Heidelberg University. He got his PhD in 1966 under the supervision of Heinrich Behnke with a thesis on almost (or Q) factorial rings. He did his Habilitation in 1972 in Bochum and became a professor at the University of Osnabrück in 1974. From 1981 to 2006, when he became emeritus, he was a professor for algebra and geometry at Ruhr University Bochum.

He was married and had four sons.

Osnabrück University
Osnabrück University (German: Universität Osnabrück) is a public research university located in the city of Osnabrück in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Established in 1974, the university is known for its many interdisciplinary degree programmes, with some of them rare or even unique among German universities; including European studies, migration studies, applied systems science and cognitive science. It is also notable for its research in the above fields, as well as in others including peace and conflict studies, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics.
Veronica turrilliana
Veronica turrilliana (Bulgarian: Търилово великденче) is a species of speedwell in the family Plantaginaceae, endemic to the Strandzha mountain range in south-eastern Bulgaria and north-western Turkey. It is included in the Red Book of Bulgaria as an endangered species. and is categorized as data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It was described in 1923 by the Bulgarian botanists Nikolai Stojanov and Boris Stefanoff.

Data deficient
A data deficient (DD) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as offering insufficient information for a proper assessment of conservation.
2010 Allianz Suisse Open Gstaad – Doubles
Marco Chiudinelli and Michael Lammer were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Wesley Moodie and Dick Norman already in the first round.
Unseeded Johan Brunström and Jarkko Nieminen won in the final 6–3, 6–7(4–7), [11–9], against 4th-seeded Marcelo Melo and Bruno Soares.

Marco Chiudinelli
Marco Chiudinelli (born 10 September 1981) is a retired tennis player from Switzerland. A member of Switzerland's winning 2014 Davis Cup squad, he reached his highest singles ranking of 52 in February 2010 during a career that was often hindered by injury.
Social cognitive optimization
Social cognitive optimization (SCO) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm which was developed in 2002. This algorithm is based on the social cognitive theory, and the key point of the ergodicity is the process of individual learning of a set of agents with their own memory and their social learning with the knowledge points in the social sharing library. It has been used for solving continuous optimization, integer programming, and combinatorial optimization problems. It has been incorporated into the NLPSolver extension of Calc in Apache OpenOffice.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Saint-Thomas-Didyme
Saint-Thomas-Didyme (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ tɔma didim]) is a municipality in Maria-Chapdelaine Regional County Municipality in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. It had a population of 703 in the Canada 2021 Census.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
18th Guldbagge Awards
The 18th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 1981 and 1982, and took place on 10 October 1982. The Simple-Minded Murderer directed by Hans Alfredson was presented with the award for Best Film.

Swedish Film Institute
The Swedish Film Institute (Swedish: Svenska Filminstitutet, SFI) is a statutory body located in Stockholm, Sweden that supports the Swedish film industry. Founded in 1963 (1963), the institute is responsible for administering the annual Guldbagge Awards, and for managing the Swedish Film Database. Notable CEOs of the institute include founder-director Harry Schein (1963–1970 and 1972–1978) and Anna Serner (2011–2021). Serner is known for creating an initiative which aimed for gender parity in the film industry. Since mid-April 2024 the CEO is Anna Croneman.
Hackelia sharsmithii
Hackelia sharsmithii is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name Sharsmith's stickseed. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California, where its range extends along ridges surrounding the intersection of Inyo County and Fresno and Tulare Counties, including Mount Whitney. It is a plant of rocky habitat, such as talus. It is a hairy perennial herb up to about 30 centimeters (12 in) tall. Most of the leaves are located around the base of the plant, reaching up to 14 centimeters (5.5 in) long. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter and narrower. The hairy inflorescence is an open array of branches, each a coiling panicle of light blue flowers. The fruit is a cluster of nutlets, sometimes bearing prickles.

Mount Whitney
Mount Whitney (Paiute: Tumanguya) is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, and the highest point in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). It lies in East–Central California on the boundary between Inyo and Tulare counties, and 84.6 miles (136.2 km) west-northwest of North America's lowest topographic point, Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park, at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The mountain's west slope is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail, which runs 211.9 mi (341.0 km) from Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley. The eastern slopes are in Inyo National Forest in Inyo County. Mount Whitney is ranked 18th by topographic isolation and 81st by prominence on Earth.
Coldwater Lake (Washington)
Coldwater Lake is a barrier lake on the border of Cowlitz County and Skamania County, Washington in the United States. The lake was created during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, which blocked its natural outlet, Coldwater Creek, with volcanic debris. It is one of several lakes in the area that were created or otherwise enlarged by the eruption.

Cowlitz County, Washington
Cowlitz County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 110,730. The county seat is Kelso, and its largest city is Longview. The county was formed in April 1854. Its name derives from the anglicized version of the Cowlitz Indian term Cow-e-liske, meaning either 'river of shifting sands' or 'capturing the medicine spirit.' Cowlitz comprises the Longview, WA Metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA Combined statistical area.