hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia
The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, and elected the 14 U.S. Representatives from the state, one from each of the state's 14 congressional districts, an increase of one seat following the 2010 United States census. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election. The party primary elections were held on July 31, 2012, and the run-off on August 21, 2012.

The new congressional map, drawn and passed by the Republican-controlled Georgia General Assembly, was signed into law by Governor Nathan Deal on September 7, 2011. The new district, numbered the 9th, is based in Hall County. The map also made the 12th district, then represented by Democrat John Barrow, much more favorable to Republicans.

Georgia General Assembly
The Georgia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directly elected by constituents of their district. The Constitution of Georgia vests all legislative power with the General Assembly. Both houses have similar powers, though each has unique duties as well. For example, the origination of appropriations bills only occurs in the House, while the Senate is tasked with confirmation of the governor's appointments.

The General Assembly meets in the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta.
Inns of Court
The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales. There are four Inns of Court: Gray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, Inner Temple, and Middle Temple.

All barristers must belong to one of them. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members, and provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has a church or chapel attached to it, and is a self-contained precinct where barristers traditionally train and practise. However, growth in the legal profession, together with a desire to practise from more modern and lower-rent accommodation, caused many barristers' chambers to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century.

Legal profession
Legal profession is a profession in which legal professionals study, develop and apply law. Usually, there is a requirement for someone choosing a career in law to first pass a bar examination after obtaining a law degree or some other form of legal education such as an apprenticeship in a law office.

It is difficult to generalize about the structure of the profession, because

there are two major legal systems, and even within them, there are different arrangements in jurisdictions, and

terminology varies greatly.

While in civil law countries there are usually distinct clearly defined career paths in law, such as judge, in common law jurisdictions there tends to be one legal profession, and it is not uncommon, for instance, that a requirement for a judge is several years of practising law privately.
Surface grinding
Surface grinding is done on flat surfaces to produce a smooth finish.  It is a widely used abrasive machining process in which a spinning wheel covered in rough particles (grinding wheel) cuts chips of metallic or nonmetallic substance from a workpiece, making a face of it flat or smooth.

Sometimes a surface grinder is known as a flick grinder if great accuracy is not required, but a machine superior to a bench grinder is needed.

Abrasive machining
Abrasive machining is a machining process where material is removed from a workpiece using a multitude of small abrasive particles. Common examples include grinding, honing, and polishing. Abrasive processes are usually expensive, but capable of tighter tolerances and better surface finish than other machining processes
Moonlight Mask
Moonlight Mask (月光仮面, Gekkō Kamen), a.k.a. Moonbeam Man, is a superhero appearing in Japanese tokusatsu and anime television shows and movies since his TV debut in 1958. The six theatrical films were made (between 1958–1959) in black and white/ToeiScope format.  Created by writer Kōhan Kawauchi, Moonlight Mask is best described as Japan's answer to The Lone Ranger, Batman and Zorro.

Moonlight Mask's popularity resulted in the appearance of several other Japanese superhero characters soon thereafter, including Iron Sharp
a.k.a. Space Chief (from 1961's Invasion of the Neptune Men). and the Planet Prince TV series (1958) Kawauchi followed-up the success of Moonlight Mask with the tokusatsu superhero shows Seven Color Mask (1959) and Messenger of Allah (1960), both starring a young Sonny Chiba.

Tsuneo Kobayashi
Tsuneo Kobayashi (小林常夫, Kobayashi Tsuneo; born 1965 – May 2015) was a Japanese anime director affiliated with Pierrot. He was best known as the director of critically acclaimed anime series The Twelve Kingdoms.
Prehispanic history of Chile
The precolonial history of Chile refers to the period from the arrival of the first human populations in the territory of Chile until the first European exploration of the region, by Spaniard Diego de Almagro in 1535–36.

Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro (Spanish: [ˈdjeɣo ðe alˈmaɣɾo]; c. 1475 –  July 8, 1538), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo, was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America. He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru. While subduing the Inca Empire he laid the foundation for Quito and Trujillo as Spanish cities in present-day Ecuador and Peru, respectively. From Peru, Almagro led the first Spanish military expedition to central Chile. Back in Peru, a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over the control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores. In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538, Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed.
Lock On: Modern Air Combat
Lock On: Modern Air Combat or LOMAC, known in Russia as LockOn: Современная боевая авиация, is a modern combat flight simulator developed by Eagle Dynamics and published by Ubisoft in Europe and 1C Company in Russia. It is a continuation of the Flanker series.

The series spawned the Flaming Cliffs series of aircraft modules for Digital Combat Simulator.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
V. Gopalakrishnan (Sankarankoil MLA)
V. Gopalakrishnan is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Sankaranayanarkoil constituency in 1991 election.

Sankarankoil Assembly constituency
Sankarankoil is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu. It is reserved for the Scheduled Castes. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below. It is a part of Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.
Chief Secretary to the Treasury
The chief secretary to the Treasury is a senior ministerial office in the government of the United Kingdom and is the second most senior ministerial office in HM Treasury, after the chancellor of the Exchequer. The office holder is always a full member or attendee of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office was created in 1961 to share the burden of representing HM Treasury with the chancellor.

The minister is shadowed by the shadow chief secretary to the Treasury who sits on the Official Opposition frontbench.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
12th Signal Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 12th Signal Brigade, later 12th Signal Group was a military communications formation of the British Army commanding regiments of the Royal Corps of Signals.  Initially formed in 1967, the brigade would provide rear defence communications for the British Army of the Rhine until its disbandment in 1992.  In 2004, the group was reformed to provide territorial army and rear support to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps in Germany.  However, in 2009 the group was disbanded following reductions to the Royal Corps of Signals and Territorial Army.

Duke of York's Headquarters
The Duke of York's Headquarters is a building in Chelsea in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, England. In 1969 it was declared a listed building at Grade II*, due to its outstanding historic or architectural special interest.
Saxon Fairy Swallow pigeon
The Saxon Fairy Swallow is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Saxon Fairy Swallows, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). The Saxon Swallows and Wing Pigeons have various markings and patterns (spot marking, cap marking etc.).

Saxon Fairy Swallow pigeons are well known for the odd feathered feet.

Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia "domestica" or Columba livia forma domestica) is a domesticated bird derived from the rock dove Columba livia. Although often termed a "subspecies", the domesticated pigeon does not constitute an accepted zoological subspecies of the rock dove, but a collection of over 350 breeds. The rock dove is among the world's first birds to be domesticated; Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Pigeons have held historical importance to humans as food, pets, symbolic animals, and messengers. Due to their homing ability, pigeons have been used to deliver messages, including war pigeons during the two world wars. City pigeons, which are feral birds, are generally seen as pests, mainly due to their droppings and a reputation for spreading disease.
Pristimantis adnus
Pristimantis adnus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Panama and is only known from its type locality in Serranía del Sapo, Darién Province. The species was found while researchers were working on a way to save Panama's frogs from extinction from the deadly amphibian disease chytridiomycosis. The frog was collected in Panama's Darién Province in 2003 and described as a new species in 2010. The name of the species is a Latinized version of the Spanish term for DNA which is ADN.

Serranía del Baudó
The Serranía del Baudó is a coastal mountain range on the Pacific coast of Colombia. It is separated from the West Andes by the Atrato valley where the Atrato River flows and Quibdó is located. From the south the range extends from the Baudó River north and slightly west along the coast into Panama terminating at the Golfo de San Miguel. The range is called Serranía del Sapo when it is in Panama. Technically the landform extends south of the Baudó River down to Malaga Bay, but the area has been eroded into low hills and marshlands.

From Cabo Corrientes north to Punta Ardita and on into Panama the Baudó Mountains meet the ocean in steep cliffs, rising up to as high as 70 m (230 ft), with small indentations in the coast providing small pocket beaches, some sandy, but most are shingle or cobble. However, near river mouths the coast has been eroded and there are wide sandy beaches, tidal flats and even mangrove swamps.

The highest point, Alto de Buey, is 1,810 m (5,940 ft).
Radio fréquence Jura
Radio fréquence Jura (RFJ) is a private French-language radio broadcaster in regional Switzerland.  It broadcasts in the Canton of Jura, La Chaux-de-Fonds, and part of the Bernese Jura.

The station's studios are located in Delémont (JU).

Delémont
Delémont (French pronunciation: [dəlemɔ̃]; Franc-Comtois: D'lémont; German: Delsberg, [ˈdeːlsˌbɛrɡ] ⓘ) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Jura. The city has approximately 12,000 inhabitants as of 2013.
Division of Henty
The Division of Henty was an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was created in 1913 and abolished in 1990. It was named for the Henty family of Portland, the first European settlers in Victoria. It was located in the south eastern suburbs of Melbourne, including at various times Brighton, Caulfield, Malvern and Oakleigh. For most of its history it was a safe seat for the Liberal Party and its predecessors.  A 1969 redistribution cut the seat back to the Oakleigh area, and from then on it was somewhat more marginal. In 1974 it elected Joan Child, the first female Labor member of the House of Representatives and the first female Speaker.

Brighton, Victoria
Brighton is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Bayside local government area. Brighton recorded a population of 23,252 at the 2021 census.

Brighton is named after Brighton in England.
Battle of the North Fork of the Red River
The Battle of North Fork or the Battle of the North Fork of the Red River occurred on September 28, 1872, near McClellan Creek in Gray County, Texas, United States.  A monument on that spot marks the site of the battle between the Comanche Indians under Kai-Wotche and Mow-way and a detachment of cavalry and scouts under U.S. Army Colonel  Ranald S. Mackenzie. There was an accusation that the battle was really an attempt "to make a massacre," as during the height of battle some noncombatants were wounded while mixed in with the warriors.

This battle is primarily remembered as the place where the army for the first time struck at the Comanches in the heart of the Llano Estacado in the western panhandle of Texas.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Tall Zira'a
The Tall Zira'a (also Tell Zera'a and Tall Zar‘a) (Arabic: تلّ زَرعة) is an archaeological tell in Jordan. Surveys and geophysical investigations showed the site's great potential for excavations.

Tall Zira´a contains evidence of over 5000 years of settlement – almost without cultural gaps, at the point at which the Syrian cultural sphere meets the Palestinian. Its almost continuous stratigraphy from Early Bronze Age to the Islamic periods can possibly demonstrate the history of northeast Jordan. Tall Zira'a lies about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south-west of the ancient Decapolis city of Gadara and is situated at the confluence of the Wadi el-'Arab and its tributary, the Wadi az-Zahar.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
33rd PMPC Star Awards for Movies
The 33rd PMPC Star Awards for Movies, was organized by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) and recognizes the best films and filmmakers for the past year. The awards night was held on September 3, 2017 at the Newport Performing Arts Theater, Resorts World Manila, Pasay and aired on ABS-CBN.

The awards night was hosted by Aljur Abrenica, Yassi Pressman, Daniel Matsunaga, Alex Gonzaga, and Robi Domingo with opening numbers performed by Christian Bautista featuring Isay Alvarez, Sam Concepcion, Edgar Allan Guzman featuring Darren Espanto. While the dance number was performed by Ciara Sotto, Jon Lucas, Maris Racal, Sofia Andres, Grae Fernandez and Zeus Collins.

Die Beautiful won big, bagged five awards, including Best Director, Best Picture, Best Cinematographer, Best Editor, and Best Screenwriter. Another highlight of the night was when screen legends Vilma Santos and Nora Aunor shared the top honor of Best Actress and young actor Daniel Padilla hailed as Best Actor.

Darren Espanto
Darren Lyndon Espanto (born May 24, 2001) is a Canadian-born Filipino singer, television personality, and actor. He first appeared on television in 2012 as a contestant on YTV’s reality competition The Next Star and later gained wider recognition after joining the first season of The Voice Kids Philippines. He was subsequently signed to ABS-CBN’s Star Magic talent agency and has since established a music career in the Philippines. He is a mainstay host on ABS-CBN's noontime variety show It's Showtime.
2022–23 Oakland Golden Grizzlies men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Oakland Golden Grizzlies men's basketball team represented Oakland University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Grizzlies, led by 39th-year head coach Greg Kampe, played their home games at the Athletics Center O'rena in Auburn Hills, Michigan as members of the Horizon League. They finished the season 13–18, 11–9 in Horizon League play to finish in fifth place. They were defeated by eventual tournament champions Northern Kentucky in the quarterfinal round of the Horizon League tournament.

2023 Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament was the final event of the 2022–23 men's basketball season for the Horizon League. It began on February 28, 2023, and ended on March 7; first-round and quarterfinal games were played at the home courts of the higher seeds, with all remaining games at Indiana Farmers Coliseum in Indianapolis. The winner, Northern Kentucky, received the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament.
Crossing the Lines (Gentill novel)
Crossing the Lines (2017) is a crime novel by Australian writer Sulari Gentill. It was published in the US in 2020 under the title After She Wrote Him.

It won the 2018 Ned Kelly Award for Best Fiction, and was shortlisted for the 2018 Davitt Award for Best Adult Crime Novel.

Davitt Award
The Davitt Awards are literary awards which are presented annually by the Sisters in Crime, Australia association. The awards are named in honour of Ellen Davitt (1812–1879) who wrote Australia's first mystery novel, Force and Fraud in 1865. They are presented for Australian crime fiction, by women, for both adults and young adults. They were established in 2001 to mark the 10th anniversary of the association.
Metanarsia alphitodes
Metanarsia alphitodes is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Algeria, south-eastern Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia.

The length of the forewings is 5–7 mm. Adults are on wing from mid-May to the end of June.

Larvae have been reared from Nitraria species. The species overwinters in the larval stage.

Nitraria
Nitraria, known as the nitre bushes, is a genus  of flowering plants in the family Nitrariaceae, native to Africa, Europe, Asia, Russia and Australia.

There are about 9 species including:

Nitraria billardierei DC., known as nitre bush or dillon bush

Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch.

Nitraria schoberi L.

Nitraria sibirica Pall.
Lisa M. Corrigan
Lisa M. Corrigan is an American academic. She is professor of communication at the University of Arkansas and also works in the departments for African American Studies and Latino studies, as well as serving as director of the gender studies program. An Ohioan, her childhood was spent with a heavy interest in learning and in social justice topics, which led to a conflicted relationship with her father and a supporting one with her mother. Earning degrees involving rhetoric, political communication, and women's studies, she went on to become a professor focused on how the development and impact of rhetoric in the civil rights movement helped form the basis of the black power movement.

Latino studies
Latino studies is an academic discipline which studies the experience of people of Latin American ancestry in the United States. Closely related to other ethnic studies disciplines such as African-American studies, Asian American studies, and Native American studies, Latino studies critically examines the history, culture, politics, issues, sociology, spirituality (Indigenous) and experiences of Latino people. Drawing from numerous disciplines such as sociology, history, literature, political science, religious studies and gender studies, Latino studies scholars consider a variety of perspectives and employ diverse analytical tools in their work.
Marwan al-Halabi
Marwan Jamil al-Halabi (Arabic: مروان جميل الحلبي; born 1964) is a Syrian politician, gynecologist and academic who has served as Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the Syrian transitional government since 29 March 2025.

Widely regarded as one of the country’s leading medical experts, al-Halabi has an extensive background in medicine, with a specialization in obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.

Damascus University
Damascus University (Arabic: جامعة دمشق, romanized: Jāmiʾa Dimashq) is a public research university in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. It is the largest and oldest university in the country. It also operates satellite campuses in other Syrian cities.

It was founded in 1923 as the Syrian University (Arabic: الجامعة السورية, romanized: al-Jāmiʾa al-Sūriyya) through the merger of the Medical School (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). It adopted its current name after the founding of the University of Aleppo in 1958.

Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Arab World before the Syrian civil war started in 2011.

Damascus University consists of several faculties, higher institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which as of 2005 was the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.