hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Ferneley
John E. Ferneley (18 May 1782 Thrussington, Leicestershire – 1860 Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire), was an English painter who specialised in portraying sporting horses and hunting scenes. Although his rendition of horses was stylised, he is regarded as one of the great British equine artists, second perhaps only to George Stubbs.

Thrussington
Thrussington is a village and civil parish in the Charnwood district of Leicestershire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 587. It is on the River Wreake, near to Rearsby, Ratcliffe on the Wreake, Hoby and Brooksby, and not far from the path of the Fosse Way.
National Institute on Media and the Family
The National Institute on Media and the Family (NIMF), founded by psychologist David Walsh in 1996, was a nonprofit organization based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was a nonsectarian advocacy group which sought to monitor mass media for content that it deemed is harmful to children and families. The group characterized itself as "an international resource center for cutting-edge research and information" and denied playing any role in media censorship.

Among the NIMF's focuses were violence and video games, the social impact of television, and closer to its shutdown in 2009, video game addiction.

Social aspects of television
The medium of television has had many influences on society since its inception. The belief that this impact has been dramatic has been largely unchallenged in media theory since its inception. However, there is much dispute as to what those effects are, how serious the ramifications are and if these effects are more or less evolutionary with human communication.
Walter Devereux (died 1402)
Sir Walter Devereux of Bodenham and Weobley was a prominent knight in Herefordshire during the reigns of Richard II and Henry IV. He represented Hereford in Parliament, and gave rise to the Devereux Earls of Essex and Viscounts of Hereford.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Biathlon at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics – Boys' sprint
The boys' sprint competition of the biathlon events at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, was held on January 15, at Seefeld Arena. 50 athletes from 30 countries took part. The race was 7.5 km in length.

2012 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games (German: Olympische Jugend-Winterspiele 2012), officially known as the I Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG), were an international multi-sport event for youths that took place in Innsbruck, Austria, on 13–22 January 2012. They were the inaugural Winter Youth Olympics, a major sports and cultural festival celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games. Approximately 1100 athletes from 70 countries competed. The decision for Innsbruck to host the Games was announced on 12 December 2008 after mail voting by 105 International Olympic Committee (IOC) members. Innsbruck is the first city to host three winter Olympic events, having previously hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics.
Pterisanthes
Pterisanthes is a vine plant genus in the subfamily Vitoideae.  Its native range is Indochina to W. Malesia including the Philippines.  The relationship between Pterisanthes and Ampelocissus has been debated, with Pterisanthes retained.

Malesia
Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region in 1857 by Heinrich Zollinger, a Swiss botanist and explorer. The precise boundaries used to define Malesia vary. The broadly defined area used in Flora Malesiana consists of the countries of Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. The original definition by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) covered a similar area, but New Guinea and some offshore islands were split off as Papuasia in its 2001 version.
Alabama A&M Lady Bulldogs basketball
The Alabama A&M Lady Bulldogs basketball team is the basketball team that represents Alabama A&M University in Normal, Alabama.  The school's team currently competes in the Southwestern Athletic Conference.

Normal, Alabama
Normal, Alabama is the home of Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (AAMU), the largest HBCU in Alabama. The university is situated in Huntsville, Alabama's northern city limits in Madison County.

Normal was established in 1890, when AAMU was then known as State Normal and Industrial School of Huntsville. It was designated a land grant college of Alabama. At that time student enrollment was 300 with 11 teachers. That same year, a United States Post Office was established there. Normal's ZIP Code is 35762. Students were called "Normalites".
John Treloar (athlete)
John Francis Treloar AM (19 January 1928 – 23 July 2012) was a track and field athlete, who is considered to have been one of Australia's greatest male sprinters.  He was ranked as one of the world's fastest men between 1947 and 1952. A triple gold medallist at the 1950 British Empire Games, Treloar made the 100 m final at the 1952 Summer Olympics finishing sixth – just 0.1 s behind the winner – in the closest finish in Olympic history.

In his career, Treloar won a total of six Australian championships at 100 or 220 yards.

Treloar died on 23 July 2012. His son notified the Australian Olympic Committee of his father's death on 23 July; in this notification he stated that "Dad passed away exactly as he ran.  Quickly."

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Gawnaha railway station
Gawnaha railway station (also Gaunaha) is a small railway station on Narkatiaganj–Bhikhna Thori branch line in West Champaran district, Bihar. Its code is GAH. It serves Gawnaha village.

Gawnaha station is located near the Indo-Nepal border. It is connected with the Barauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul and Jainagar lines at Narkatiaganj Junction, 23 km away.

West Champaran district
West Champaran district is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India, located just 60 km (37 mi) west of Birgunj. It is the largest district in Bihar with an area of 5,228 km2(2,019sq mi). It is a part of Tirhut Division. The district headquarters are located in Bettiah. The district is known for its open border with Nepal.
One of the major location in West Champaran is Kumar Bagh for SAIL Special Processing Unit and Bhitiharwa where Mahatma Gandhi started Satyagrah Aandolan.

The district produces the most sugarcane across the state of Bihar in 2022.
Ben Nevis Township
Ben Nevis Township is an unincorporated geographic township in the Unorganized North part of Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The township is named for Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the British Isles.

Sullivan Lake and Little Misema Lake, the sources of the Misema River and Little Misema River respectively, are located in the township, as is Pushkin Lake, further along the Misema River. Also located in the township are the Pushkin Hills, part of the Blake River Megacaldera Complex. The southern border of the township forms part of the border between Cochrane District and Timiskaming District.

Timiskaming District
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from parts of this district and parts of Thunder Bay District.

It is just west of the similarly named Témiscamingue county in Quebec, which is also informally called a region, but is administratively part of a greater region named Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

Temiskaming District is home to several provincial parks.
HITT Production
HITT Production or HITT Müzik & Prodüksiyon is a Turkish record label and production company established by pop singer Tarkan in 1997, in Levent, Beşiktaş, Istanbul.

Besides being Tarkan's record label producing his Turkish album Dudu, it also produced Nazan Öncel's Yan Yana Fotoğraf Çektirelim. The company also functions as a production company, organising video shootings, advertisement filming and concerts. Apart from Tarkan's concerts it arranged the 2007 Harbiye Açıkhava Tiyatrosu (Harbiye Open-Air Theatre) concert series, where such celebrities took stage like Ajda Pekkan, Sibel Can, İbrahim Tatlıses, Levent Yüksel, Özcan Deniz, Serdar Ortaç, Ebru Gündeş, the rock band Duman or world-famous Latin guitarist José Feliciano. As part of the event, renowned Turkish rock stars, including Demir Demirkan, Pamela Spence and Hayko Cepkin performed rock musicals.

Duman (band)
Duman (English: Smoke) is a Turkish rock band. Founded in 1999, the band features Kaan Tangöze on vocals and guitar, Ari Barokas on bass guitar and backing vocals, Batuhan Mutlugil on lead guitar and backing vocals and Doğaç Titiz on drums.  The band's music combines elements of traditional Turkish folk music with modern rock and grunge.

Frontman Tangoze and bassist Barokas used to play together in a band named Mad Madame while they were both living on the West Coast of the United States. When they returned to Turkey, they recruited Mutlugil and formed their new band in 1999.

Duman, consisting of Kaan Tangöze on vocals and guitar, Batuhan Mutlugil on guitar and backing vocals, Ari Barokas on bass guitar and backing vocals, Alen Konakoğlu and Cengiz Baysal on drums, set out to release their first album; however, the band did not have a name yet. Therefore, the name of the band was inspired by the song ‘Hâlimiz Duman’ and became Duman.
Jimmy Powell Oval
Jimmy Powell Oval is a cricket ground in West Bay, Grand Cayman, near the city of George Town.

The ground is named after Jimmy Powell (born 1940), a former president of the Cayman Islands Cricket Association. In April 2022, the ground was the venue for the first Twenty20 International (T20I) matches to be held in the Cayman Islands, when the Cayman Islands team hosted a series against Bahamas. These were the first official T20I matches to be played in the Cayman Islands since the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full T20I status to all competitive matches between its members from 1 January 2019.

Cayman Islands Cricket Association
Cayman Islands Cricket Association (CICA) is the official governing body of the sport of cricket in the Cayman Islands, a British overseas territory. The organisation's headquarters are in George Town, Grand Cayman. Established in 1970, the CICA has been a member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1997.
John Peel and Sheila: The Pig's Big 78s: A Beginner's Guide
John Peel And Sheila: The Pig's Big 78s: A Beginner's Guide is a compilation consisting of music originally published on 78 rpm shellac records. British radio DJ John Peel and his wife Sheila Ravenscroft began compiling the record in 2004, with Sheila completing the project following Peel's death. The compilation was named after, and inspired by, a feature on Peel's BBC Radio show, in which Sheila would play 78 rpm records in between other tracks.

The compilation's contents vary "from English brass bands, schmaltzy dance music and yodelling, to early rock ‘n' roll and traditional music from China and Africa" according to the record company Trikont which published the disc in March 2006. The booklet also contains an interview with Sheila.

Revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.
One revolution per minute is equivalent to ⁠1/60⁠ hertz.
Saint-Théophile
Saint-Théophile (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ teɔfil]) is a municipality in the Municipalité régionale de comté de Beauce-Sartigan in Quebec, Canada on the Canada–United States border. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 702 as of 2021. It is named after reverend Théophile Montminy, who had been chosen by the archdiocese to find a proper location for a church.

Saint-Théophile lies next to the border with Maine, and there is a border crossing on Route 173 within the municipality, in the hamlet of Armstrong. The Armstrong custom office is the third in importance in Quebec.

Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality
Beauce-Sartigan is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada.  The county seat is Saint-Georges.

The Chaudière River flows through it.  It shares its eastern border with Maine, United States.

The name of the RCM is linked to the historical region of which it is part, Beauce. Sartigan is a distortion of Mechatigan (or Msakkikhan), the name given to the Chaudière River by the native Abenakis.
Neptis nemetes
Neptis nemetes, commonly known as the Nemetes sailer, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in western, central and eastern Africa. The habitat consists of lowland forests and riverine thicket.

The larvae feed on Asteraceae species, Alchornea cordifolia and Macaranga and Alchornea species.

Alchornea cordifolia
Alchornea cordifolia is a shrub or small tree distributed throughout tropical Africa, it can grow up to 8 metres tall. The plant is used in traditional African medicine. Common name is the Christmas bush.
Santorini (wine)
Santorini is a Greek wine region located on the archipelago of Santorini in the southern Cyclades islands of Greece. Wine has been produced there since ancient times, but it was during the Middle Ages that the wine of Santorini became famous worldwide under the influence of the Republic of Venice. The Italian influence is still present in modern Santorini winemaking: the most famous Tuscan sweet wine is called Vin Santo just like Santorini's Vinsanto/Visanto (labeled such to differentiate it from the Tuscan wine). It is made in a passito style from grapes dried in the sun after harvest.

Santorini also produces blended and rosé wine made from white grapes such as Athiri, Aidini and Assyrtiko, and red grapes such as Mandelaria.

Harvest (wine)
The harvesting of wine grapes (vintage) is one of the most crucial steps in the process of wine-making. The time of harvest is determined primarily by the ripeness of the grape as measured by sugar, acid and tannin levels with winemakers basing their decision to pick based on the style of wine they wish to produce. The weather can also shape the timetable of harvesting with the threat of heat, rain, hail, and frost which can damage the grapes and bring about various vine diseases. In addition to determining the time of the harvest, winemakers and vineyard owners must also determine whether to use hand pickers or mechanical harvesters. The harvest season typically falls between August & October in the Northern Hemisphere and February & April in the Southern Hemisphere. With various climate conditions, grape varieties, and wine styles the harvesting of grapes could happen in every month of the calendar year somewhere in the world. In the New World it is often referred to as the crush.
Ralph A. Bradley
Ralph Allan Bradley (November 28, 1923 – October 30, 2001) was a Canadian-American statistician and statistics educator, whose research lay in the fields of design of experiments, nonparametric statistics, sequential analysis, and multivariate analysis. He is known for the Bradley–Terry model in pairwise comparison and for founding the Department of Statistics at Florida State University.

Nonparametric statistics
Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied. Often these models are infinite-dimensional, rather than finite dimensional, as in parametric statistics. Nonparametric statistics can be used for descriptive statistics or statistical inference. Nonparametric tests are often used when the assumptions of parametric tests are evidently violated.
Jamal Todd
Jamal Tana Todd (born 27 March 2004) is a New Zealand cricketer who has played for Otago since the 2023–24 season.

Born in Auckland on 27 March 2004, Todd was educated at Auckland Grammar School. He moved to Dunedin in 2022 to study sports management and Māori studies at the University of Otago. In his second first-class match, in the 2023–24 Plunket Shield, he scored 30 and 64 (the top score of the innings) for Otago against Canterbury.

In the provincial A T20 tournament in Taupō in November 2024, Todd scored two centuries for Otago A in two matches on the same day: 117 off 53 balls against Canterbury A, then 108 from 42 balls against Auckland A. He won the player of the match award when he scored 51 not out off 28 balls to take Otago to victory by eight wickets over Central Districts in the  2024–25 Super Smash.

Of Māori descent, Todd affiliates to Ngāti Whātua. In 2021, he was named in the Māori Secondary Schoolboys cricket team.

Todd's younger sister Anika plays for Auckland.

Canterbury cricket team
Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Derek Nolan
Derek Nolan (born October 1982) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway West constituency from 2011 to 2016.

Nolan attended Saint Michael's Boys' School, Mervue, and St. Mary's College, Galway. He then studied at NUI Galway. He won a seat on Galway City Council in June 2009, aged 26. He was a trainee Solicitor when he contested the 2011 general election. He was nominated to succeed President Michael D. Higgins in the election to Dáil Éireann, in Galway West as a first time candidate. He was a member of the Dáil Public Accounts Committee.

He lost his seat at the 2016 general election. He described the poor Labour result and loss of so many seats for party as "heartbreaking", but also said the challenge of starting a new career was "exciting".

Galway City Council
Galway City Council (Irish: Comhairle Cathrach na Gaillimhe) is the local authority of the city of Galway, Ireland. As a city council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 18 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of mayor. The city administration is headed by a chief executive, Leonard Cleary. The council meets at City Hall, College Road, Galway.
Clostridium ljungdahlii
Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium. It is named after the Swedish biochemist Lars G. Ljungdahl. When originally harvested from the waste matter of animals, it tended to produce acetate with respect to ethanol, but a major undertaking to increase the ethanol-to-acetate ratio was initiated. A 1993 publication by researchers from the University of Arkansas, in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Laboratories, showed results from a series of continuous reactor studies caused a major change in the bacterium's preference for ethanol production, which increased from <0.1 g/L to 1.8 g/L in a continuous stirred tank reactor.

This species can ferment certain components of syngas into ethanol. It also possesses properties of electrosynthesis, producing acetate on cathodes.

Cathode
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead–acid battery. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. Conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons, which are the carriers of current in most electrical systems, have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that of the conventional current flow: this means that electrons flow into the device's cathode from the external circuit. For example, the end of a household battery marked with a + (plus) is the cathode.

The electrode through which conventional current flows the other way, into the device, is termed an anode.
Friedrichshafen FF.35
The Friedrichshafen FF.35 was a German three-seat floatplane torpedo bomber built during World War I by Friedrichshafen Flugzeugbau for the Imperial German Navy's (Kaiserliche Marine) Naval Air Service (Marine-Fliegerabteilung). Only one prototype was constructed in 1916 and it saw limited operational use during the war in Courland.

Straight-six engine
A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance, resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders.

Until the mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines gradually became more common in the 1970s and by the 2000s, V6 engines had replaced straight-six engines in most light automotive applications.

Due to their high and smooth torque, simplicity and reliability, weight and space, and balanced power delivery, straight-six engines are a common power source for trucks and buses.