hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reade Baker
Reade Baker (born April 30, 1947, in Port Dalhousie, Ontario) is a retired trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses who was voted the 2005 Sovereign Award for Outstanding Trainer in Canada and who in 2018 was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame. During his career Reade Baker trained horses that won 13 National Championships of which two earned Canadian Horse of the Year honors.

Canadian Horse of the Year
The Canadian Horse of the Year is a thoroughbred horse racing honour given annually since 1951 by the Jockey Club of Canada. It is the most prestigious honour in Canadian thoroughbred horse racing.

Part of the Sovereign Awards program since 1975, it is similar to the Eclipse Award for American Horse of the Year honours given in the United States.

The original eligibility rules stipulated that the winner be a Canadian-bred horse that did its "best running" in Canada. In 1964, the rule was altered for Northern Dancer, who was a Canadian-bred but whose most notable wins came in the United States when he won the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. Eventually the requirement that the horse be a Canadian-bred was also dropped. The current rules simply require that the horse have raced at least three times in Canada during the given year (two times for two-year-olds).
Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics
Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. It focusses on non-classical logic, in particular 
formal aspects (completeness, decidability, complexity), applications to artificial Intelligence and cognitive science (knowledge representation, automated reasoning, natural language processing), and theoretical computer science (program verification, program synthesis). The journal was established in 1991 by Luis Fariñas del Cerro, who was its editor-in-chief until 2014. 
He was succeeded in 2015 by Andreas Herzig.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Charles Greaves
Charles Greaves M Inst CE FGS FRSA (1816–1883), eldest son of Charles Greaves (d. 1829), was born in Great Amwell, Hertfordshire, England on 19 October 1816. He was articled to J. M. Rendel, a civil engineer in Plymouth from 1831 to 1837. He was in India from 1842 to 1847 when he made a survey for the Great Western railway of Bengal. He was engineer of East London waterworks from 1851 to 1875. In October 1872, he was presented with £1000 for his services in carrying out improved filter beds, pumping engines, et cetera, at a cost of one million. He was engineer at Westminster chambers, Victoria St., London from 1875 to 1878. He became a fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society in 1851, and was president of that society in 1879. He had a meteorological observatory in Surrey St. London from 1878 to 1883. He died at Sunhill, Clevedon on 4 November 1883.

Great Amwell
Great Amwell is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south-east of Ware, its post town, and about 20 miles (32 km) north of London. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 2,223.
PTPRN2
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (R-PTP-N2) also known as islet cell autoantigen-related protein (ICAAR) and phogrin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRN2 gene. PTPRN and PTPRN2 (this gene) are both found to be major autoantigens associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol or inositol phospholipid is a biomolecule. It was initially called "inosite" when it was discovered by Léon Maquenne and Johann Joseph von Scherer in the late 19th century. It was discovered in bacteria but later also found in eukaryotes, and was found to be a signaling molecule.

The biomolecule can exist in nine different isomers. It is a lipid which contains a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and one inositol sugar molecule. Typically, the phosphate group has a negative charge (at physiological pH values). As a result, the molecule is amphiphilic.

The production of the molecule is limited to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Caring for the Heart
Caring for the Heart: Mayo Clinic and the Rise of Specialization is a historical account of the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease in the United States during the twentieth century, written by American historian and cardiologist W. Bruce Fye, and published in 2015 by Oxford University Press. It highlights major medical advancements and the contributions of key individuals and institutions in both the United States and Europe. The Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, is used as a central case study due to its prominent role in the development of diagnostic and surgical techniques. These innovations include the electrocardiograph, cardiac catheterisation, heart surgery, and coronary angiography. The book also examines the medical care provided to Franklin D. Roosevelt for his severe hypertension and heart failure.

Mayo Clinic Hospital (Rochester)
The Mayo Clinic Hospital – Rochester is a 2,059-bed teaching hospital located in Rochester, Minnesota. It comprises the Saint Marys Campus with its Mayo Eugenio Litta Children's Hospital, as well as its Methodist Campus, forming an integral part of the Mayo Clinic academic medical center. Mayo Clinic Hospital – Rochester is ranked first on the 2019–20 U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Honor Roll. It is also one of the world's largest healthcare-related research centre, with over 12,000 active clinical trials at any given moment in nearly every sector of healthcare.
Zığra
Zığra is a neighbourhood of the city Kütahya, Kütahya District, Kütahya Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,416 (2022). It is located just northeast of the city of Kütahya. The main road in and out of the village is Alayunt Street, which starts in Kütahya and runs east, through Zığra, to Alayunt. Although a double-track railway runs through the village, Zığra does not have a railway station.

The muhtar of Zığra is Kadir Yeşildağ.

Kütahya Province
Kütahya Province (Turkish: Kütahya ili) is a province in the Aegean region of Turkey. Its area is 11,634 km2, and its population is 580,701 (2022). In 1990, Kütahya had a population of 578,000.

The neighboring provinces are Bursa to the northwest, Bilecik to the northeast, Eskişehir to the east, Afyon to the southeast, Usak to the south, Manisa to the southwest and Balıkesir to the west.

The capital city of the province is Kütahya.
Afrofittonia
Afrofittonia commonly known as the hunter's weed, is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. There is only one species in the genus, Afrofittonia silvestris. It is found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss due to Oil & gas drilling.

The genus name of Afrofittonia is in honour of Sarah Mary Fitton (c.1796–1874), an Irish writer and botanist and her sister Elizabeth Fitton. The Latin specific epithet of silvestris means woodland, from sylva.
It was first described and published in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Vol.49 on page 406 in 1913.

The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.

Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion.
National Archives of Tunisia
The National Archives of Tunisia (French: Archives nationales de Tunisie), established in 1988, is headquartered in Tunis on the Boulevard du 9 Avril 1938. Among its holdings are materials generated by various government offices, such as the president, prime minister, and ministries of agriculture, commerce, culture, education, finance, health, social affairs, and transport.

Ministry of Education (Tunisia)
The Ministry of Education is responsible for the administration of education in Tunisia. It has its headquarters at Boulevard Bab Bnet 1030 in Tunis. As of 2015 it was directed by Néji Jalloul. In May 2017, the government fired Jalloul and replaced him with Slim Khalbous.

The Ministry is responsible for ensuring the right to education and training of all Tunisians according to law No. 2002-80 of 23 July 2002 on education. It pays special attention to children with special needs and those of Tunisian nationals abroad. The department facilitates public education and training systems and institutions and structures on a local, regional and national scale, and also overlooks private schools and preschooling.
Mexichelys
Mexichelys is an extinct monotypic genus of sea turtle which lived in Mexico during the Cretaceous. The only species is Mexichelys coahuilaensis. Mexichelys was erected in 2010 as a replacement name for Euclastes coahuilaensis, a species named in 2009.

Cladogram based on Lynch and Parham (2003) and Parham and Pyenson (2010):

Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley. Five of the seven species are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of which, the flatback turtle, is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.
Lamponeia
Lamponeia (Ancient Greek: Λαμπώνεια) or Lamponia (Λαμπωνία), also known as Lamponium or Lamponion (Λαμπώνιον), was an Aeolian city on the southern coast of the Troad region of Anatolia. Its archaeological remains have been located above the village of Kozlu in the district of Ayvacık in Çanakkale Province in Turkey. The site was first visited by Platon de Tchiatcheff in 1849, and later surveyed and identified as Lamponeia by Joseph Thacher Clarke, the excavator of nearby Assos, in 1882, and by Walther Judeich in 1896.

Walther Judeich
Walther Judeich (5 October 1859, Dresden – 24 February 1942, Jena) was a German ancient historian. His grandfather on his mother's side was publisher Heinrich Brockhaus (1804–1874).

He studied history at the Universities of Tübingen, Leipzig and Strasbourg. From 1886 to 1888 he took part in archaeological excavations in Greece and Asia Minor, followed by research in Rome, Pompeii and Sicily (1888–89). Later on, he taught classes at the Universities of Marburg, Czernowitz and Erlangen. From 1907 to 1931 he was a professor of ancient history at the University of Jena. His successor at Jena was Fritz Schachermeyr.

In 1905 he published his magnum opus, "Topographie von Athen" (Topography of Athens), a scientific guide to historical landmarks of Athens that has been issued in 31 editions up to the year 2012.
Marchal
Marchal is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Marchal (1894–1980), French organist and teacher

Arlette Marchal (1902–1984), French film actress

Élie Marchal (1839–1923), Belgian botanist and mycologist

Henri Marchal (1876–1970), French archaeologist

Georges Marchal (1920–1997), French actor

Gilles Marchal (1944–2013), French songwriter and singer

Jules Marchal (1924–2003), Belgian diplomat and historian

Luc Marchal (born 1943), Belgian military officer

Marcel Marchal (1913–1993), French footballer

Maurice Marchal (another name for Morvan Marchal, below)

Morvan Marchal (1900–1963), Breton-French architect and nationalist

Olivier Marchal (born 1958), French film director

Sylvain Marchal (born 1980), French footballer

Thibault Marchal (born 1986), French footballer

Olivier Marchal
Olivier Marchal (born 14 November 1958) is a French actor, director, screenwriter, and a former policeman. In 2005, he was nominated for three César Awards (Best Director, Best Film and Best Original Screenplay or Adaptation) for his film 36 Quai des Orfèvres. He also created the popular French television police drama Braquo and wrote and directed some episodes in its first season (2009).
James Connachan
James Connachan (29 August 1874 – ?) was a Scottish footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Glasgow. He played for Glasgow Perthshire, Duntocher Hibernian, Celtic, Airdrieonians, Glossop North End, and Manchester United.

Duntocher Hibernian F.C.
Duntocher Hibernian Football Club were a Scottish Junior football club from the village of Duntocher, West Dunbartonshire, who played in three spells over a period of 86 years. Based at Glenhead Park from 1929, the club colours were green with white sleeves.
Darai people
Darai people (Nepali: दराई जाति) are an indigenous ethnic tribal community native to Nepal. Most of their population live in hills and inner terai of Nepal in the banks of Narayani river with the largest concentration in Tanahu, Chitwan, Gorkha and  Nawalparasi districts. They are known as Daroe, Darhi, Daraie, Daras, Darad and Darai. According to census of 2021 their population is 18,695.

Gandaki River
The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area is 46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, the Gandaki is notable for its deep canyon. The basin also contains three mountains over 8,000 m (26,000 ft), namely Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna Massif. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin. In its upper reaches, the river is known as Kali Gandaki (or Gandaki) as it flows through the Mustang District and the famous Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal.  When the river reaches the Terai plains of Nepal, it is referred to as the Narayani River. This name change typically occurs near the confluence with the Trishuli River at Devghat in Chitwan. Upon entering India, the river is known as the Gandak River.
Theodor Nilsen Stousland
Theodor Nilsen Stousland (16 March 1842 – 7 April 1910) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the constituency Lister og Mandal amt in 1889, representing the Moderate Liberal Party. He then joined the Liberal Party and was re-elected three times, before serving as a deputy representative during the term 1900–1903. He then returned, being re-elected three more times.

Born in Søgne, he was a member of Søgne municipal council from 1874 to 1893, serving as mayor from 1880 to 1885.

He mainly worked as a farmer, but was also treasurer in the local bank from 1875 to 1893, county auditor from 1882 to 1886 and bailiff from 1893 to 1899. Towards the end of his career he worked at the Office of the Auditor General of Norway.

Auditor
An auditor is a person or a firm appointed by a company to execute an audit. To act as an auditor, a person should be certified by the regulatory authority of accounting and auditing or possess certain specified qualifications. Generally, to act as an external auditor of the company, a person should have a certificate of practice from the regulatory authority.
Loyola Hearn
Loyola Hearn, PC (born March 25, 1943) is a Canadian diplomat and former politician from Newfoundland and Labrador. Hearn is the former Canadian Ambassador to Ireland. He served as a Member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 to 2008, and as Minister of Fisheries and Oceans from February 6, 2006 to October 30, 2008.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Peach Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The Peach Belt Conference men's basketball tournament is the annual conference basketball championship tournament for the Peach Belt Conference. The tournament has been held annually since 1992. It is a single-elimination tournament and seeding is based on regular season records.

The winner receives the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Championship.

Peach Belt Conference
The Peach Belt Conference (PBC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level.  The 11 member institutions are located in the South Atlantic states of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.  In addition, seven affiliate members participate in one sport each; namely sports not sponsored by their home conferences.

Since its inception came in the 1990–91 school year, the Peach Belt has, across all sanctioned sports, produced 30 national champions and an additional 27 national finalists. Starting with only two championships in 1991, in men's and women's basketball, the conference has expanded to 18 championship sports with the addition of men's lacrosse in the summer of 2020 and men's and women's indoor track and field in 2023.
Houston Heights High School
Houston Heights High School (HHHS, formerly Houston Heights Charter) is a public charter high school in Houston, Texas, United States. It was established in 1999 by superintendent Richard Mik.

Located in the Houston Heights neighborhood, it serves 96% at-risk students and partners with Houston Community College to give students the opportunity to gain college credit during their junior and/or senior years, including in the area of construction management.

In 2009, the school was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Course credit
A course credit is a measure of the size of an educational course, often used to determine whether the requirements for an award have been met, to facilitate transfer between institutions, or to enhance intercomparability of qualifications. Credit may be input-based, defined by the quantity and notional time of instruction given – or outcome-based, such as learning outcomes or summative assessments.
Daito varied tit
The Daito varied tit (Sittiparus varius orii) is an extinct subspecies of the varied tit. It was formerly found on Kita Daitō-jima and Minami Daitō-jima in the Daitō group east of the Okinawa Islands, but became extinct around 1940. It seems that the last specimens collected were Kuroda's types taken in 1922, and that the last confirmed sighting was in 1938. Searches in the 1980s and subsequently failed to find any. The subspecies became extinct following the habitat destruction brought about by settlement and construction activity in the 1930s.

It differed from the nominate subspecies S. v. varius in having a broad chestnut-coloured band on the upper mantle, olive-green (not dark grey) lower mantle, and orangey (not white) sides to the head (Harrap & Quinn 1996, del Hoyo et al. 2007).

Like many bird taxa from the Okinawa region, the scientific name is named after the veteran specimen collector Hyojiri Orii.

Minamidaitōjima
Minamidaitōjima (南大東島), also spelt as Minami Daitō or Minami-Daitō, is the largest island in the Daitō Islands group southeast of Okinawa, Japan. It is administered as part of the village of Minamidaitō, Okinawa. Shimajiri District, Okinawa and has a population of 2,107. The island is principally cultivated for agriculture. The island has no beaches but has a fishing boat harbor and three cargo and ferry ports; as well as an airport Minami Daito Airport (airport code "MMD").
American pickerel
The American pickerel (Esox americanus) is a medium-sized species of North American freshwater predatory fish belonging to the pike family. The genus Esox is placed in the family Esocidae (in the order Esociformes).

Two subspecies are sometimes recognised:

Redfin pickerel, sometimes called the brook pickerel, E. americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789;

Grass pickerel, E. americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846.

Lesueur originally classified the grass pickerel as E. vermiculatus, but it is now considered a subspecies of E. americanus.

There is no widely accepted English common collective name for the two E. americanus subspecies; "American pickerel" is a translation of the French systematic name brochet d'Amérique.

Systematic name
A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature.

A semisystematic name or semitrivial name is a name that has at least one systematic part and at least one trivial part, such as a chemical vernacular name.

Creating systematic names can be as simple as assigning a prefix or a number to each object (in which case they are a type of numbering scheme), or as complex as encoding the complete structure of the object in the name. Many systems combine some information about the named object with an extra sequence number to make it into a unique identifier.

Systematic names often co-exist with earlier common names assigned before the creation of any systematic naming system. For example, many common chemicals are still referred to by their common or trivial names, even by chemists.