hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parvez Butt
Parvez Butt (Urdu: پرویز بٹ; b. 4 October 1942; NI, HI, SI, PE) is a Pakistani mechanical engineer and public official who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission from 2001 till 2006.

His career is mostly spent at the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission's nuclear power division before chairing the agency, and went to serve in the Musharraf administration as a policy adviser on science as a Federal Secretary, from 2006 until 2008. He continued his public service when he joined the Gilani administration as a policy adviser on nuclear energy at the Planning Commission which he served until 2013.

World Nuclear Association
World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the companies that comprise the global nuclear industry. Its members come from all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium mining, uranium conversion, uranium enrichment, nuclear fuel fabrication, plant manufacture, transport, and the disposal of used nuclear fuel, as well as electricity generation itself.

Together, World Nuclear Association members are responsible for 70% of the world's nuclear power as well as the vast majority of world uranium, conversion and enrichment production. The Association says it aims to fulfill a dual role for its members: facilitating their interaction on technical, commercial and policy matters, and promoting wider public understanding of nuclear technology. It has a secretariat of around 30 staff. The Association was founded in 2001 on the basis of the Uranium Institute, itself founded in 1975.
Yakubu Ochefu
Professor Yakubu Aboki Ochefu, son to late Colonel Anthony Ochefu, is the Secretary to the Committee of Vice Chancellors of Nigerian Universities. He is a professor of African Economic History and Development Studies with the Benue State University since  2003. He is a former Deputy Vice-Chancellor at the Benue State University, former Vice Chancellor of Kwararafa University, Taraba State, Nigeria and the President of the University of Calabar Alumni Association. In December 2022, he was elected chairman, Conference of Alumni Associations of Nigerian Universities. His academic publications are on the open educational resources platforms including Academia.edu and he co-edited Studies in the History of Central Nigeria Area / with Aliyu A. Idrees in 2002.

University of Calabar
The University of Calabar is a federal university situated in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. It is one of Nigeria's second-generation federal universities. The University of Calabar was a campus of the University of Nigeria until 1975. The present Vice Chancellor is Prof. Offiong Offiong. The post of the DVC (Academics) is held by Professor Anthony Eyang, while Dr. Grace Eno Nta (Professor) is the current DVC (Administration).

The architecture was designed by John Elliott. It was established by decree to fulfill this traditional mandate, its motto "Knowledge for Service".

The University of Calabar was one of the foremost Nigerian Universities to automate students' registration processes through the College Portal, and has taken a step further to automate her alumni relations which includes an online transcript request and processing, being first of its kind in the country.
Jump to Love
"Jump to Love" is a song recorded by Christine Anu. It was released in September 2000 as the second single from her second studio album, Come My Way (2000). The song peaked at number 58 and remained in the top 100 for 16 weeks.

A second, limited edition version was released in November 2000, a double A-sided single with "My Island Home", following Anu's performance of this at the Closing ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney on 1 October.

2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony
The 2000 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony was held on 1 October 2000 in Stadium Australia. As with the opening ceremony, the closing ceremony was directed by Ric Birch as Director of Ceremonies while David Atkins was the Artistic Director and Producer. The Closing Ceremony was attended by 114,714 people, until the 2024 Summer Olympics opening, this was the largest attendance in modern Olympic Games history. Called "Let's Party", the ceremony celebrated Australiana; Australian cultural celebrities, icons, media, and music, with floats designed in the style of Reg Mombassa. Around 2.4 billion watched the telecast of the closing ceremony.

Then IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch declared in his concluding remarks (and his last remarks at an Olympic Games) that the 2000 Olympic games were the "best Summer Olympics ever".
Appleton–Hartree equation
The Appleton–Hartree equation, sometimes also referred to as the Appleton–Lassen equation, is a mathematical expression that describes the refractive index for electromagnetic wave propagation in a cold magnetized plasma. The Appleton–Hartree equation was developed independently by several different scientists, including Edward Victor Appleton, Douglas Hartree and German radio physicist H. K. Lassen.  Lassen's work, completed two years prior to Appleton and five years prior to Hartree, included a more thorough treatment of collisional plasma; but, published only in German, it has not been widely read in the English speaking world of radio physics.  Further, regarding the derivation by Appleton, it was noted in the historical study by Gillmor that Wilhelm Altar (while working with Appleton) first calculated the dispersion relation in 1926.

Wilhelm Altar
Wilhelm Altar (August 27, 1900 – January 1, 1995), known to family and colleagues as William Altar, was an Austrian-born theoretical physicist whose significant contributions led to the development of the magneto-ionic theory. Altar contributed to the mathematical and conceptual underpinnings that were verified by Appleton's research, in collaboration with Dr. Altar. Altar was not credited with his contributions until 1982, decades after Appleton received the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Zubin Damania
Zubin Damania (born April 23, 1973) is an American physician, assistant professor, comedian, internet personality, and musician. He also has been writing and performing comedic raps as ZDoggMD, an internet celebrity known for his music videos, parodies, and comedy sketches about medical issues, as well as systemic issues with healthcare.

Damania was a practicing hospitalist (physician specializing in acutely ill patients admitted to the hospital) at Stanford University School of Medicine for 10 years. He was then the founder of Turntable Health, a direct primary care clinic in Downtown Las Vegas that was funded by Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh.

Downtown Las Vegas
Downtown Las Vegas (commonly abbreviated as DTLV) is the central business district and historic center of Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. It is the original townsite, and the Downtown Gaming Area was the primary gambling district of Las Vegas prior to the Strip. As the urban core of the Las Vegas Valley, it features a variety of hotel and business highrises, cultural centers, historical buildings and government institutions, as well as residential and retail developments.  Downtown is located in the center of the Las Vegas Valley and just north of the Las Vegas Strip, centered on Fremont Street, the Fremont Street Experience and Fremont East.  The city defines the area as bounded by I-15 on the west, Washington Avenue on the north, Maryland Parkway on the east and Sahara Avenue on the south.
Mount Yemlikli
Mount Yemlikli, also Emlikli, Emlik'li (Georgian: ემლიქლი) is a 3,054 m (10,020 ft) tall mountain near Saghamo (village in Georgia) and between the Georgian provinces of Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli. Yemlikli is one of the high peaks of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains and is in the Javakheti Range.

Samtskhe–Javakheti
Samtskhe–Javakheti (Georgian: სამცხე-ჯავახეთი, [s̪ämt̪͡s̪ʰχe̞ d͡ʒäväχet̪ʰi], Armenian: Սամցխե-Ջավախեթի, romanized: Samts’khe-Javakhet’i) is a region (mkhare) in southern Georgia with a population of 147,400 (2023) and an area of 6,413 km2 (2,476 sq mi). The region has Akhaltsikhe as its administrative center. Samtskhe–Javakheti is made up of the historical Georgian provinces Meskheti, Javakheti and Tori.

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline, and the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway pass through the region.

The population of the region is made up of Georgians and Armenians, as well as smaller numbers of Russians.
Aberdeenshire and District League
The Aberdeenshire and District League, usually known as the Aberdeenshire League, is a football tournament for clubs in membership of the Aberdeenshire and District Football Association. The clubs are drawn from the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Banffshire. Historically, clubs from Moray and Angus also competed.

The competition began in 1919 as the North Eastern League and renamed in 1921. It ran until the end of season 1952–53 when it was disbanded due to clubs' priorities being primarily on the Highland League.

The league was revived in 1994 as an Under-21 league. Currently, teams are allowed to field three over-age players in their match squad.

Moray
Moray (/ˈmʌri/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh or Moireabh) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park.

The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996.
Timeline of Kerala
This is a timeline of Kerala History comprising important events which took place in the geographical area that falls within present day Kerala. It overlaps with the history of Indian subcontinent. To read background of these events, read History of Kerala.

Also see List of years in Kerala, List of governors of Kerala and List of Chief Ministers of Kerala.

Narayana Guru
Sree Narayana Guru (IPA: [nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐ guˈru]) (20 August 1856 – 20 September 1928) was a philosopher, spiritual leader and social reformer in India. He led a reform movement against the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order to promote spiritual enlightenment and social equality. A quote of his that defined his movement was "one caste, one religion, and one god for all human beings". He is the author of the Advaita poem Daiva Dasakam, which is one of the most used poem in Kerala for community prayer.

French philosopher and Nobel prize laureate for literature, Romain Rolland described Narayana guru as 'Jnani of Karma', noting that he exemplified how faith could be used to bring about social change.
Primitive and Deadly
Primitive and Deadly is the eighth studio album by American musical group Earth. It was released on September 2, 2014, through Southern Lord Records. The album, which features Mark Lanegan and Rabia Shaheen Qazi of Rose Windows as guest vocalists, is the first Earth album since Pentastar: In the Style of Demons (1996) to feature vocals. Other contributors include Brett Netson of Built to Spill, Jodie Cox of Narrows, and Bill Herzog of Jesse Sykes.

The third track off the album, "From the Zodiacal Light", was released for streaming on June 18, 2014. In support of the record, the band embarked on a world tour in 2014.

Dylan Carlson (musician)
Dylan Randolph Carlson (born March 12, 1968) is an American musician best known as the guitarist and founder of the drone metal/post-rock group Earth, and the main contributor to his solo project Drcarlsonalbion.
Kosler's Map
Zemljovid Slovenske dežele in pokrajin (Map of the Slovene Land and Provinces, commonly known as Kosler's Map), made from 1848 until 1852 during the Spring of Nations by the Carniolan lawyer and geographer Peter Kosler, was the first map of the Slovene Lands. It had a format of 50 by 55 centimetres (20 in × 22 in) and a scale of 1:576,000. It was also the first Slovene map with all the text written in Gaj's Latin alphabet. August Knorr printed the map in 1852, with the planned publication in January 1853, but the Austrian military authorities confiscated his output; the map first became available to the public only in 1861 in Vienna. Kosler was also briefly imprisoned by the Austrian authorities for this reason.

Old maps similar to Kosler's Map are included in the ICOM Red List of Cultural Objects at Risk of illicit traffic and looting.

Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Carniola (Slovene: Kranjska [ˈkɾàːnska]; German: Krain [kʁaɪn] ⓘ; Italian: Carniola; Hungarian: Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Slovenes living within the former borders of the region still tend to identify with its traditional parts Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola (with the sub-part of White Carniola), and to a lesser degree Inner Carniola. In 1991, 47% of the population of Slovenia lived within the borders of the former Duchy of Carniola.
Benfica, Rio de Janeiro
Benfica is a neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is located near São Cristóvão and Engenho de Dentro, within the Centro (Downtown) Administrative Region.

Benfica was first populated in the 16th century, as an area of sugarcane plantation developed by Jesuit missionaries, who received an extensive donation of land, which also included present-day Engenho da Rainha and Engenho Novo, from Estácio de Sá. After the jesuits were expelled from the Portuguese Empire by the marquis of Pombal, in 1759, possessions in Benfica were granted to various private owners, and the region became further populated.

The neighbourhood has historically played a role as a resting place and point of passage to places of interest in the outskirts of Rio, most notably on the Estrada Real (Royal Road). Today, Benfica is served by the Avenida Brasil and Avenida Dom Hélder Câmara, two avenues which link downtown Rio to suburbs in the North and West Zones.

Estrada Real
Estrada Real (Portuguese pronunciation: [(e)sˈtɾadɐ ʁeˈaw], Royal Road) was an epithet applied to the roads built and maintained by the Portuguese Crown both in Portugal itself and in the Portuguese overseas territories.

Presently it is used to designate a set of colonial-era tourist roads in Brazil.
Schuster baronets
The Schuster baronetcy, of Collingham Road in the Royal Borough of Kensington, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 24 July 1906 for the banker Felix Schuster. He was a senior partner in the family firm of Schuster, Son & Co, and was also a finance member of the Council of India from 1906 to 1916.

The 3rd Baronet was a colonel in the Rifle Brigade. The baronetcy became extinct on his death in 1996 leaving no male issue.

Metropolitan Borough of Kensington
The Metropolitan Borough of Kensington was a metropolitan borough in the County of London from 1900 to 1965, which since 1901 was known as the Royal Borough of Kensington, following the death of Queen Victoria, in accordance with her wishes.
A Scene at Abbotsford
A Scene at Abbotsford is an 1827 oil painting by the British artist Edwin Landseer. The painting shows a scene at the home of the writer Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford in the Scottish Borders. It was inspired by a visit Landseer had made to Abbotsford in 1824. It features two deerhounds belonging to Scott surrounded by historical artefacts that the antiquarian Scott had filled his house with.

The painting was displayed at the Royal Institution's 1827 exhibition in London and was acquired by the Duke of Bedford. Today it is in the collection of the Tate Britain in Pimlico, having been given in 1894 by Henry Tate.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Enrique R. Arzac
Enrique R. Arzac is a financial economist and Professor Emeritus of finance and economics at Columbia University specialized in asset pricing and corporate finance. Previously he was tenured Professor of Finance and Economics and served as the Senior Vice-Dean and Chairman of the Finance Division of the Columbia University Graduate School of Business. Before joining Columbia Arzac taught at the University of Buenos Aires, and was Chief Economist of the Latin American Economic Research Foundation.

Columbia Business School
The Columbia University Graduate School of Business, branded as Columbia Business School (CBS), is the business school of Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. It was established in 1916. It is part of the M7 group of business schools recognized as having strong MBA programs, that are often highly-ranked in US MBA rankings.
Sysfs
sysfs is a pseudo file system provided by the Linux kernel that exports information about various kernel subsystems, hardware devices, and associated device drivers from the kernel's device model to user space through virtual files.  In addition to providing information about various devices and kernel subsystems, exported virtual files are also used for their configuration.

sysfs provides functionality similar to the sysctl mechanism found in BSD operating systems, with the difference that sysfs is implemented as a virtual file system instead of being a purpose-built kernel mechanism, and that, in Linux, sysctl configuration parameters are made available at /proc/sys/ as part of procfs, not sysfs which is mounted at /sys/.

Synthetic file system
In computer science, a synthetic file system or a pseudo file system is a hierarchical interface to non-file objects that appear as if they were regular files in the tree of a disk-based or long-term-storage file system. These non-file objects may be accessed with the same system calls or utility programs as regular files and directories. The common term for both regular files and the non-file objects is node.

The benefit of synthetic file systems is that well-known file system semantics can be reused for a universal and easily implementable approach to interprocess communication. Clients can use such a file system to perform simple file operations on its nodes and do not have to implement complex message encoding and passing methods and other aspects of protocol engineering. For most operations, common file utilities can be used, so even scripting is quite easy.

This is commonly known as everything is a file and is generally regarded to have originated from Unix.
Oscar Smith (gymnast)
Anton Oscar Smith (born 6 May 1991 in Lidköping) is a Swedish trampolinist, representing his nation at international competitions.

Born in Lidköping, Sweden, he took up gymnastics in 2004. Smith is a member of the national team since 2007 and made his international debut in 2009. He competed at world championships, including at the 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2015 Trampoline World Championships. He won the 2015 Swedish Championships.

His career was paused for a year by a double heel fracture incurred while training in 2016, and he was also reportedly "troubled by an injury ahead of the 2017 World Championships". A head injury resulting in a concussion prevented him from competing in the 2019 World Cup in Valladolid, Spain.

Trampolining
Trampolining or trampoline gymnastics is a competitive Olympic sport in which athletes perform acrobatics while bouncing on a trampoline. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward somersaults and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air; points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.

Outside of the Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline, double mini trampoline and tumbling.
Viktor Gnezdilov
Viktor Semyonovich Gnezdilov (Russian: Виктор Семёнович Гнезди́лов; 17 January 1943 – 13 December 2021) was a Russian politician. A member of United Russia, he served as mayor of Nakhodka from 1987 to 2004.

Nakhodka
Nakhodka (Russian: Нахо́дка, IPA: [nɐˈxotkə], means "finding") is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trudny Peninsula jutting into the Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan, about 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Vladivostok (169 kilometers by car ), the administrative center of the krai. Population:  159,719 (2010 Census); 148,826 (2002 Census); 160,056 (1989 Soviet census).
Egyptian Building
The Egyptian Building is a historic college building in Richmond, Virginia, completed in 1845.  It was the first permanent home of the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College. In 1854, they received an independent charter after parting ways with the college. In 1893, the building became the inaugural home for the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) and now is a part of Virginia Commonwealth University.  It is considered by architectural scholars to be one of the finest surviving Egyptian Revival-style buildings in the nation.  The Egyptian Building was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1968, the National Register of Historic Places in 1969, and designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1971. It is the oldest medical college building in the South.

Virginia Landmarks Register
The Virginia Landmarks Register (VLR) is a list of historic properties in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The state's official list of important historic sites, it was created in 1965, by the General Assembly in the Code of Virginia. The Register serves the same purpose as the National Register of Historic Places. The nomination form for any Virginia site listed on the VLR is sent forward to the National Park Service for consideration for listing on the National Register.

The Virginia Landmarks Register is maintained by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland
The Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland (Polish: Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego Poświęcony Badaniu Najnowszej Historii Polski) is an institution founded in Warsaw in 1923 to preserve and study the recent history of Poland.

Leon Wasilewski
Leon Wasilewski (1870–1936) was an activist of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), a coworker of Józef Piłsudski, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, designer of much of Second Polish Republic policy towards Eastern Europe, historian and father of Halszka Wasilewska and of Wanda Wasilewska.