hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Messier 4
Messier 4 or M4 (also known as NGC 6121 or the Spider Globular Cluster) is a globular cluster in the constellation of Scorpius. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745 and catalogued by Charles Messier in 1764. It was the first globular cluster in which individual stars were resolved.

Charles Messier
Charles Messier (French: [ʃaʁl me.sje]; 26 June 1730 – 12 April 1817) was a French astronomer. He published an astronomical catalogue consisting of 110 nebulae and star clusters, which came to be known as the Messier objects, referred to with the letter M and their number between 1 and 110. Messier's purpose for the catalogue was to help astronomical observers distinguish between permanent and transient visually diffuse objects in the sky.
Yoshiokaite
Yoshiokaite, a mineral formed as shocked crystal fragments in devitrified glass, was discovered in lunar regolith breccia collected from a trench by the Apollo 14 crew in 1971. Although there have been other minerals (armalcolite and tranquillityite) that have been originally discovered on the Moon, yoshiokaite is the first new mineral with origin related to lunar highlands. Yoshiokaite is considered to be a member of the feldspathoid group.

Yoshiokaite was named after mineralogist, Takashi Yoshioka, who synthesized a metastable phase solid solution between  and  with a nepheline-like structure and formula. Yoshioka's research on the synthetic phase helped understand the probable origins of the mineral. Yoshiokaite was approved as a mineral in 1989 by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association.

Nepheline
Nepheline (from Ancient Greek  νεφέλη (nephélē) 'cloud'), also called nephelite, is a rock-forming mineral in the feldspathoid group – a silica-undersaturated aluminosilicate (Na3KAl4Si4O16) that occurs in intrusive and volcanic rocks with low silica, and in their associated pegmatites. It is used in glass and ceramic manufacturing and other industries, and has been investigated as an ore of aluminium.
Trash Doves
Trash Doves  is an Internet meme which originated from a sticker set designed in 2016, which feature a large-eyed purple pigeon in various situations. The most notable sticker of the set is an animated GIF of the bird vigorously thrashing its head up and down. Shortly after its debut on Facebook in January 2017, the purple dove sticker set quickly became a viral subject of edited parodies and image macros on social media.

In August 2019, creator Syd Weiler published an article recounting the experience, noting that the intense period of viral fame included harassment and intellectual property infringement and led to depression. Having taken time to reflect and heal, she released a new set of stickers called "LOVE, TRASH DOVES."

Intellectual property infringement
An intellectual property (IP) infringement is the unauthorized use, exploitation, or violation of an intellectual property right. There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, plant breeders rights and trade secrets. Therefore, an intellectual property infringement may for instance be one of the following:

Copyright infringement, encompassing for example a software copyright infringement

Patent infringement

Trademark infringement

Design infringement

Cybersquatting

Biopiracy
AVR32
AVR32 is a 32-bit RISC microcontroller architecture produced by Atmel, which was acquired by Microchip Technology in 2016. The microcontroller architecture was designed by a handful of people educated at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, including lead designer Øyvind Strøm and CPU architect Erik Renno in Atmel's Norwegian design center.

Most instructions are executed in a single-cycle. The multiply–accumulate unit can perform a 32-bit × 16-bit + 48-bit arithmetic operation in two cycles (result latency), issued once per cycle.

It does not resemble the 8-bit AVR microcontroller family, even though they were both designed at Atmel Norway, in Trondheim.  Some of the debug-tools are similar.

Support for AVR32 has been dropped from Linux as of kernel 4.12; Atmel has switched mostly to M variants of the ARM architecture.

Microchip Technology
Microchip Technology Incorporated is an American publicly traded semiconductor corporation that manufactures microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog, and Flash-IP integrated circuits.

Its corporate headquarters is located in Chandler, Arizona. Its wafer fabs are located in Gresham, Oregon, and Colorado Springs, Colorado. The company's assembly/test facilities are in Chachoengsao, Thailand, and Calamba and Cabuyao, Philippines.
Anisul Hakim
Anisul Hakim (born 24 September 1975) better known as Anis is a first class cricketer who played for Chittagong Division from 2001/02 to 2003/04. A steady right-handed batsman, he scored 3 centuries in his 22 first class matches, with a best of 118 against Khulna Division. His occasional off breaks were rarely called upon. He was less successful in his 13 list A one-day matches, with his top score of 45 coming against Sylhet Division.

Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (Bengali: সিলেট বিভাগ, pronounced [sileʈ bibʱaɡ] ⓘ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It covers an area of approximately 12,298 km2 (4,748 sq mi), and shares international borders with the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively—while domestically it adjoins the divisions of Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage—Sylhet's capital is its namesake, and the fifth-largest urban agglomeration in Bangladesh.

Prior to Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.
Juul Haalmeyer
Julius Anton Haalmeyer (May 17, 1949 – February 28, 2025) was a Dutch-Canadian costume designer, best known for doing costume design on several iterations of SCTV. Haalmeyer also worked as a costume designer for many movies, television shows, theatre productions, concerts wardrobes for various artists and specials like Bridge to Silence, All My Sons, Long Day's Journey into Night, Noddy, the Shining Time Station Family Specials, Mr. Conductor's Thomas Tales, Diamonds, Andrea Martin: Together Again, and Ghostwriter.

Bridge to Silence
Bridge to Silence is a 1989 American TV movie starring Lee Remick and Marlee Matlin. It was one of Remick's final performances.

Remick called Matlin " a wonderful actress. She's so open and kind of instinctive and free . . . curious. It was an interesting experience, which I had some concern about. When I started I thought, you know, what's it going to be like for the two of us to communicate? I do not have sign language at my beck and call. But we did. It was terrific."

The movie was filmed in Toronto and directed by Karen Arthur. It was the first time Remick had worked with a female director. "Interesting working with a woman," she said. "Not that it's different in terms of her work, she's doing the same thing as men do, but I've just never been in that position. Directors have always been kind of father figures. It's interesting. It's wonderful. She's terrific."
Technoself studies
Technoself studies, commonly referred to as TSS, is an interdisciplinary domain of research dealing with human identity in a technological society pioneered by Rocci Luppicini. It focuses on the changing nature of relationships between humans and technology. The term "Technoself" aims to avoid ideological or philosophical biases inherent in other related terms including cyborg, posthuman, transhuman, techno-human, beman (also known as bio-electric human), digital identity, avatar, and homotechnicus, even though these categories "capture important aspects of human identity". Technoself is further elaborated and explored in Luppicini's "Handbook of Research on Technoself: Identity in a Technological Environment".

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
Sandra Cacic
Sandra Cacic (born September 10, 1974) is a retired American tennis player. She is of Croatian American descent and
her Croatian surname is Čačić.

Her highest WTA singles ranking is 39th, which she achieved on May 9, 1994. Her career-high in doubles was world No. 87, reached in February 1999. In April 1998, she won the Amelia Island doubles tournament, partnering Mary Pierce. In singles, she won the Auckland Open in January 1996.

While playing, Cacic kept a residence in Bradenton, Florida.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
1989 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1989 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 4–6 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Top-seeded South Alabama easily defeated Jacksonville in the championship game, 105–59, to win their first Sun Belt men's basketball tournament.

The Jaguars, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1989 NCAA tournament. No other Sun Belt members received at-large bids to the tournament.

Bojangles Coliseum
Bojangles Coliseum, originally Charlotte Coliseum and formerly Independence Arena and Cricket Arena, is a 10,829-seat multi-purpose arena located in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is operated by the Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority, which also oversees nearby Ovens Auditorium and the uptown Charlotte Convention Center. The naming-rights sponsor is the Bojangles restaurant chain. The building's signature domed roof is made of tin, rather than steel or iron. The dome spans 332 feet in diameter and rises to 112 feet tall.
Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C.
The Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C. is an Athenian legislation passed somewhere between the years 374 and 373 B.C. which ordered the grain and barley imported from the islands of Lemnos, Imbros and Skyros to be transported at a specific time to Piraeus, from there brought up to the city, stored in the temple of Aiakos, and sold in the Agora by public officials newly appointed for the purpose. Furthermore, the law allocated the proceeds from the sale of that grain to the military fund.

Ancient Agora of Athens
The Ancient Agora of Athens (also called the Classical Agora) is an ancient Greek agora. It is located to the northwest of the Acropolis, and bounded on the south by the hill of the Areopagus and on the west by the hill known as the Agoraios Kolonos, also called Market Hill. The Agora's initial use was for a commercial, assembly, or residential gathering place.
Vic the Demon
Vic the Demon is the mascot at Northwestern State University. His name is short for "VICtory." Victor, of course, was also the name of Victor Leander Roy, who was president of the university in 1923, when he issued the proclamation that all athletic teams at the university would be 'the Demons.'

He is most noted as the mascot involved in a fight with Northeast Louisiana University mascot Chief Brave Spirit, in which playful sparring on the sidelines turned into an ugly fight. The two mascots were separated by police, by which time, the headpiece of Vic's costume had been knocked off.  As the game was televised, the footage of the brawling mascots was widely broadcast on sports newscasts around the country and still appears on bloopers shows to this day.

University of Louisiana at Monroe
The University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM) is a public university in Monroe, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the University of Louisiana System. It is made up of four colleges: the College of Business and Social Sciences; College of Pharmacy; College of Arts, Education and Sciences; and College of Health Sciences. ULM enrolled 8,678 students in fall 2025, including 1,680 graduate students.
Northern Highway (Victoria)
Northern Highway is a rural highway in northern Victoria, linking Echuca on the banks of the Murray River with Beveridge a short distance north of the northern suburban fringes of Melbourne. In conjunction with McIvor Highway, it provides an important link between Melbourne and Bendigo. It forms a significant freight route providing access to markets and ports in Melbourne and the rural primary production areas of the Murray Valley and southern New South Wales, and serves a number of agricultural and tourism-related industries along its length.

Rochester, Victoria
Rochester is a town in the Shire of Campaspe, Victoria, Australia. It is located 180 km (110 mi) north of Melbourne with a mixture of rural and semi-rural communities on the northern Campaspe River, between Bendigo and the Murray River port of Echuca. At the 2021 census, Rochester had a population of 3,154.
Joe Lycett
Joe Harry Lycett (born 1988) is a British comedian and television presenter. He has appeared on many TV shows, including Live at the Apollo, Taskmaster, Never Mind the Buzzcocks, 8 Out of 10 Cats, QI, as the announcer on Saturday BBC One show Epic Win, the narrator for Ibiza Weekender and as the presenter on BBC Two's The Great British Sewing Bee, and Channel 4's Joe Lycett's Got Your Back and Travel Man.  He is also recognised as one of Britain's most high-profile queer or pansexual men, and has advocated for the LGBTQ community on many occasions.

8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown
8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown is a British comedy panel show on Channel 4. The show follows the game of Countdown, but presented in a comedy panel show format seen on 8 Out of 10 Cats, with the show being a crossover of the two.

The show is hosted by 8 Out of 10 Cats host Jimmy Carr, with Rachel Riley and Susie Dent assuming their Countdown roles assisting with the game. During most of the run, the two teams had regular captains Jon Richardson and Sean Lock; after Lock's death in 2021, his team has been led by a rotating series of guest captains while Richardson continues to be a regular captain (except when scheduling conflicts prevent him from appearing). In 2025, Rob Beckett was announced as a team captain, with Judi Love joining as a regular returning guest.
1939 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

Men and pairs competitions took place from February 17 to 19 in Budapest, Hungary. Ladies' competitions took place from February 11 to 12 in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

These World Figure Skating Championships were the last before World War II. The Austrian skaters Edi Rada, Emmy Puzinger, Ilse Pausin / Erich Pausin, and the judge H. Deistler represented Germany. The former Austrian skater Herbert Alward represented Hungary.

Edi Rada
Edi Rada (13 September 1922 – 13 July 1997) was an Austrian figure skater. He won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and was the 1949 European Champion. He won a bronze medal at the 1949  World Figure Skating Championships.
Regina Bruins
Regina Bruins (born 7 October 1986, in Leiderdorp) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist. She announced a hiatus from cycling following diagnosis with pulmonary embolism in 2012, but late in 2013 announced she would return with the second-category Swaboladies.nl team in 2014.

GT Krush Rebellease Pro Cycling
GT Krush Rebellease Pro Cycling is a professional road bicycle racing women's team which participates in elite women's races. The team was established in 2008 as Swabo Ladies Cycling Team, before gaining UCI status for the 2019 season.

The team also runs three development teams, aimed at training the next generation of riders: Swabo Women Development Team, Swabo Women U19 Development Team and Swabo Women U17 Development Team.
Burst of Summer (TV play)
Burst of Summer is a 1961 Australian television play based on the stage play Burst of Summer by Oriel Gray. Burst of Summer was written by Gray and Rex Rienits and was released on 9 August 1961 in Melbourne, on 4 October 1961 in Sydney, on 11 October 1961 in Brisbane, and on 19 December 1961 in Perth. Filmink called it "a genuine landmark of Australian television".

Television play
A television play is a television programming genre which is a drama performance broadcast from a multi-camera television studio, usually live in the early days of television but later recorded to tape. This is in contrast to a television movie, which employs the single-camera setup of film production.
Bullrich
Bullrich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolfo Bullrich (1833–1904), Argentine politician and entrepreneur

Esteban Bullrich (born 1969), Argentine politician

Patricia Bullrich (born 1956), Argentine politician

Silvina Bullrich (1915–1990), Argentine novelist, translator, screenwriter, critic, and academic

Adolfo Bullrich
Adolfo Jorge Bullrich (30 December 1833 – 8 March 1904) was an Argentine  military and merchant who became Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires between 1898 and 1902, during the first part of the second presidency of Julio Argentino Roca.

Adolfo Jorge Bullrich was born in 1833, son of Augusto Bullrich, a German who had arrived in Buenos Aires as a prisoner of war, caught as an enemy soldier during the War of Brazil, and after his release had settled in the city.

Adolfo Bullrich is a paternal ancestor of politician Patricia Bullrich.
Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour
The Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour (French: Comité Militaire du Parti Congolais du Travail) was a military Committee which briefly ruled the People's Republic of the Congo between 18 March 1977 and 3 April 1977.

Congolese Party of Labour
The Congolese Party of Labour (French: Parti congolais du travail, PCT) is the ruling party of the Republic of the Congo. Founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, it was originally a pro-Soviet, Marxist–Leninist vanguard party which founded the People's Republic of the Congo. It took a more moderate left-wing stance following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and adopted social democracy as its principal ideology in 2006, as well as democratic socialism and left-wing populism. Denis Sassou Nguesso is the President of the PCT Central Committee, and Pierre Moussa is the Secretary-General of the PCT.
Hacienda Chichí Suárez
Hacienda Chichí Suárez is located in the Mérida Municipality in the state of Yucatán in southeastern Mexico. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century henequen boom. It was founded by a Spanish conquistador, owned by the grandson of the founder of Mérida and at least two governors of the State of Yucatán. The home is one of the oldest structures in Mérida.

Agave fourcroydes
Agave fourcroydes or henequen is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is reportedly naturalized in Madeira, Italy, the Canary Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, the Cayman Islands and the Lesser Antilles.
Dogliotti's principle
Dogliotti's principle is a principle in epidural anaesthesia first described by  Professor Achille Mario Dogliotti in 1933. It is a method for the identification of the epidural space, a potential space. As a needle is advanced through the ligamentum flavum, to the epidural space, with constant pressure applied to the piston of a syringe, loss of resistance occurs once the needle enters the epidural space due to the change in pressure. The identification of this space, allows subsequent administration of epidural anaesthesia, a technique used primarily for analgesia during childbirth.

This technique remains in use at present, and is commonly referred to the loss of resistance to saline technique (LORS) or its variation, the loss of resistance to air technique (LORA). These use, respectively, saline or air to identify the epidural space. The LORS technique is generally favoured due to the increased complication risk with the LORA technique such as pneumocephalus or air embolism.

Ligamenta flava
The ligamenta flava (sg.: ligamentum flavum, Latin for yellow ligament) are a series of ligaments that connect the ventral parts of the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. They help to preserve upright posture, preventing hyperflexion, and ensuring that the vertebral column straightens after flexion. Hypertrophy can cause spinal stenosis.

They appear yellowish in colour due to their high elastic fibre content.
Amud
Amud or Amoud (Somali: Camuud, Arabic: عمود) is an ancient, ruined town in the Awdal region of Somaliland. Amud once served as one of the old capitals of the Adal Sultanate. Named after its patron Saint Amud it was a center of activity during the Golden Age of the Adal Kingdom. The archaeological site is situated 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level, around 10 km southeast of the regional capital Borama. Archaeologist Jorge Rodriguez states that this town, similar to other ruins in the area, originates from the 15th century and is associated with the Adal Sultanate.

George Wynn Brereton Huntingford
George Wynn Brereton Huntingford (19 November 1901 – 19 February 1978) was an English linguist, anthropologist and historian. He lectured in East African languages and cultures at SOAS, University of London from 1950 until 1966. In 1966, Huntingford went to Canada to organise the Department of Anthropology at the University of New Brunswick at Fredericton, and retired to Málaga the next year, where he lived after his retirement.
Fermion doubling
In lattice field theory, fermion doubling occurs when naively putting fermionic fields on a lattice, resulting in more fermionic states than expected. For the naively discretized Dirac fermions in  Euclidean dimensions, each fermionic field results in  identical fermion species, referred to as different tastes of the fermion. The fermion doubling problem is intractably linked to chiral invariance by the Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem. Most strategies used to solve the problem require using modified fermions which reduce to the Dirac fermion only in the continuum limit.

Fermionic field
In quantum field theory, a fermionic field is a quantum field whose quanta are fermions; that is, they obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermionic fields obey canonical anticommutation relations rather than the canonical commutation relations of bosonic fields.

The most prominent example of a fermionic field is the Dirac field, which describes fermions with spin-1/2: electrons, protons, quarks, etc. The Dirac field can be described as either a 4-component spinor or as a pair of 2-component Weyl spinors. Spin-1/2 Majorana fermions, such as the hypothetical neutralino, can be described as either a dependent 4-component Majorana spinor or a single 2-component Weyl spinor. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Majorana fermion or a Dirac fermion; observing neutrinoless double-beta decay experimentally would settle this question.