hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biocentrism (ethics)
Biocentrism (from Greek βίος bios, "life" and κέντρον kentron, "center"), in a political and ecological sense, as well as literally, is an ethical point of view that extends equal inherent value to all living things. It is an understanding of how the earth works, particularly as it relates to its biosphere or biodiversity. It stands in contrast to anthropocentrism, which centers on the value of humans. The related ecocentrism extends inherent value to the whole of nature.

Advocates of biocentrism often promote the preservation of biodiversity, animal rights, and environmental protection. The term has also been employed by advocates of "left biocentrism", which combines deep ecology with an "anti-industrial and anti-capitalist" position (according to David Orton et al.).

Anti-capitalism
Anti-capitalism is a political ideology and movement encompassing a variety of attitudes and ideas that oppose capitalism. Anti-capitalists seek to combat the worst effects of capitalism and to eventually replace capitalism with  alternative economic systems such as socialism and communism.
Auténtico (Manny Manuel album)
Auténtico (Authentic) is the second studio album by Puerto Rican merengue singer Manny Manuel. It became his first number-one album on the Tropical Albums chart. It was nominated Best Merengue Album at the 1997 Premios ACE. It was also nominated Tropical Album of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 1997. It was promoted by its single, "Y Sé Que Vas a Llorar" (originally performed by Marisela) which peaked at number one on the Tropical Airplay chart.

Premio Lo Nuestro 1997
The 9th Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony, presented by Univision honoring the best Latin music of 1996 and 1997 took place on May 8, 1997, at a live presentation held at the James L. Knight Center in Miami, Florida. The ceremony was broadcast in United States and Latin America by Univision.

During the ceremony, nineteen categories were presented. Winners were announced at the live event and included Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias receiving three awards, and Colombian singer Shakira, Mexican group Límite, Dominican band Ilegales, each receiving two awards. Among its honors, Iglesias won the award for "Pop Album of the Year," Los Tigres del Norte earned  the award for "Regional Mexican Album of the Year," and Marc Anthony won the award for "Tropical/Salsa Album of the Year." Mexican group Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán received the Excellence Award and a special tribute was given to singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel.
XML Signature
XML Signature (also called XMLDSig, XML-DSig, XML-Sig) defines an XML syntax for digital signatures and is defined in the W3C recommendation XML Signature Syntax and Processing. Functionally, it has much in common with PKCS #7 but is more extensible and geared towards signing XML documents. It is used by various Web technologies such as SOAP, SAML, and others.

XML signatures can be used to sign data–a resource–of any type, typically XML documents, but anything that is accessible via a URL can be signed. An XML signature used to sign a resource outside its containing XML document is called a detached signature; if it is used to sign some part of its containing document, it is called an enveloped signature; if it contains the signed data within itself it is called an enveloping signature.

Cryptographic Message Syntax
The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) is the IETF's standard for cryptographically protected messages. It can be used by cryptographic schemes and protocols to digitally sign, digest, authenticate or encrypt any form of digital data.

CMS is based on the syntax of PKCS #7, which in turn is based on the Privacy-Enhanced Mail standard. The newest version of CMS (as of 2024) is specified in RFC 5652 (but also see RFC 5911 for updated ASN.1 modules conforming to ASN.1 2002 and RFC 8933 and RFC 9629 for updates to the standard).

The architecture of CMS is built around certificate-based key management, such as the profile defined by the PKIX working group. CMS is used as the key cryptographic component of many other cryptographic standards, such as S/MIME, PKCS #12 and the RFC 3161 digital timestamping protocol.

OpenSSL is open source software that can encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify, compress and uncompress CMS documents, using the openssl-cms command.
Wilhelminatoren
The Wilhelminatoren was a lookout tower in the Dutch town of Valkenburg aan de Geul. The thirty-meter-high Rijksmonument, designed by Christiaan Alfons Prevoo and constructed in 1906, stood on the Heunsberg and offered a wide vantage point over the South Limburg Heuvelland. In the early morning of 16 March 2025, the tower suddenly collapsed.

This was a different tower from the Wilhelminatoren with the same name only 20 kilometers further away at the Vaalserberg in Vaals.

Vaals
Vaals (Dutch: [vaːls] ⓘ; Vaals dialect: Vols [vɔls]) is a town in the extreme southeastern part of the Dutch province of Limburg, itself in the southeast of the Netherlands.

The municipality covers an area of 23.90 km2 (9.23 sq mi).It is situated in the western foothills of the Ardennes–Eifelrange and lies some 23 km (14 mi) east of Maastricht and 5 km (3.1 mi) west of the German city of Aachen.

Vaals directly adjoins both Belgium and Germany. As such three national borders meet at a point known as the Drielandenpunt and very near the highest point in the Netherlands, the Vaalserberg. The Vaalserberg was previously known as "Hubertusberg", so named for the eighth century St.Hubertus.
Michael Whalen (composer)
Michael Whalen (born December 2, 1965) is a composer of over 650 television and film scores and thousands of advertising jingles.  He has won two Emmy Awards and his works are featured in places from TV shows to audiobooks. Projects include the 2011 human trafficking film Cargo and short films for Disney. As a recording artist and producer, his solo piano recording "All the Things I Could Not Say" was released in 2013, and he performs in NYC frequently, where he is an adjunct professor at The City College of New York, and the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Whalen is represented and published by Warner/Chappell Music.

Jingle
A jingle is a short song or tune used in advertising and for other commercial uses. Jingles are a form of sound branding. A jingle contains one or more hooks and meanings that explicitly promote the product or service being advertised, usually through the use of one or more advertising slogans.   Ad buyers use jingles in radio and television commercials; they can also be used in non-advertising contexts to establish or maintain a brand image.  Many jingles are also created using snippets of popular songs, in which lyrics are modified to appropriately advertise the product or service.
Paul D. Thacker
Paul D. Thacker is an American journalist who reports on science, medicine, and the environment, but has been accused of anti-vaccine activism and promoting Big Pharma conspiracy theories and COVID-19 misinformation. He was a lead investigator of the  U.S. Senate Committee on Finance for  Republican Senator Chuck Grassley, where he examined financial links between physicians and pharmaceutical companies.

David Gorski
David Henry Gorski is an American surgical oncologist and professor of surgery at Wayne State University School of Medicine. He specializes in breast cancer surgery at the Karmanos Cancer Institute. Gorski is an outspoken skeptic and critic of alternative medicine and the anti-vaccination movement. He writes as Orac at Respectful Insolence and as himself at Science-Based Medicine, where he is the managing editor.
Maghar Mahotsav
The Maghar Mahotsav is an annual cultural festival, held in Maghar, Uttar Pradesh, India in memory of Kabir, a saint. It is held every year in January. Mahotsav is organized in collaboration with the Department of Tourism (UP), Department of Culture (UP) and District Administration of Sant Kabir Nagar.

Maghar, India
Maghar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Sant Kabir Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Kabir, the 15th-century mystic poet,
disappeared and fragrant flowers were found in the place of his body. The flowers were divided between his Hindu and Muslim disciples. The Hindus and the Muslims built two memorials here that are 100 metres apart and kept their share of flowers in them.
Business International (TV programme)
Business International was a news television programme which aired on CNN International. It was anchored alternately by Adrian Finighan and Becky Anderson from CNN's London studios.

Business International was launched in 2001, initially as a twice-daily show co-presented by Becky Anderson and Richard Quest. As the title implies, it covered international business news.  During the programme, market reports would come from the London Stock Exchange.  However, in later years, the programme devoted more air time to breaking world news.

Between 2002 and 2004, the edition broadcast at 08:00 UK time was branded as Business Central and was presented by Richard Quest. This programme focused on financial news from Europe and Asia, and covered the opening of European financial markets.

The European evening edition of the programme, presented by Anderson, also had sports updates and a preview of the following day's newspaper headlines.

CNN International
Cable News Network International or CNN International (CNNi, simply branded on-air as CNN) is an international television channel and website, owned by CNN Worldwide. CNN International carries news-related programming worldwide; it cooperates with sister network CNN's national and international news bureaus. Unlike its sister channel, CNN, a North American-only subscription service, CNN International is carried on a variety of TV platforms across the world, and broadcast from studios inside and outside the United States, in Atlanta, New York City, London, Mumbai, Hong Kong, and Abu Dhabi. In some countries, it is available as a free-to-air network. The service is aimed at the overseas market, similar to BBC News, France 24, CGTN, DW, RT, DD India, NHK World, TRT World or Al Jazeera English.
Latin Lovers (1953 film)
Latin Lovers is a Technicolor 1953 romantic musical comedy film made by MGM. It was directed by Mervyn LeRoy, and written by Isobel Lennart. The music score is by Nicholas Brodszky, and the cinematographer was Joseph Ruttenberg.

Joseph Ruttenberg
Joseph Ruttenberg, A.S.C. (July 4, 1889 – May 1, 1983) was a Ukrainian-born American photojournalist and cinematographer.

Ruttenberg was accomplished at winning accolades. At MGM, Ruttenberg was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography 10 times, winning four. In addition, he won the 1954 Golden Globe Award for his camera work on the film Brigadoon.
Cults of Unreason
Cults of Unreason is a non-fiction book on atypical belief systems, written by Christopher Riche Evans, who was a noted computer scientist and an experimental psychologist.  It was first published in the UK in 1973 by Harrap and in the United States in 1974 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, in paperback in 1975, by Delacorte Press, and in German, by Rowohlt, in 1976.

Evans discusses Scientology and Dianetics, UFO religions, believers in Atlantis, biofeedback, Yoga, Eastern religions, and black boxes.  He points out that these systems and groups incorporate technological advances within a theological framework, and that part of their appeal is due to the failure of modern people to find strength, comfort, and community in traditional religion and in science.

In 2001, new religious movement specialist George Chryssides criticized the book's title by pointing out that most groups referred to as cults do have well-defined beliefs.

Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger Williams Straus Jr. and John C. Farrar. FSG is known for publishing literary books, and its authors have won numerous awards, including Pulitzer Prizes, National Book Awards, and Nobel Prizes. Since 1993, the publisher has been a division of Macmillan, whose parent company is the German publishing conglomerate Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.
Gattinara railway station
Gattinara railway station (Italian: Stazione di Gattinara) is the train station serving the comune of Gattinara, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. It is the junction of the Santhià–Arona.

The station has remained without traffic since 17 June 2012, because of the suspension of service on the railway, following a decision of the Piedmont Region. The station was managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). Train services were operated by Trenitalia. Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Trenitalia
Trenitalia SpA is the primary train operator of Italy, which was established in 2000. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, it was established following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transport. The company operates both regional and long-distance trains. It also operates or operated in the past through ownerships, subsidiary companies, or partnerships in France, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Among the company's high-speed train are Frecciarossa, Frecciargento, Frecciabianca, InterCity, and InterCity Notte. In 2024, Trenitalia was recognized as the best rail passenger operator in Europe.
2012 Collegiate Rugby Championship
The 2012 USA Sevens Collegiate Rugby Championship was a rugby union sevens tournament. The tournament was held on June 2–3 at PPL Park in Chester, Pennsylvania.  It was the third annual Collegiate Rugby Championship, and the second year in a row that the tournament was held at PPL Park.  Sixteen teams from colleges in the United States competed. Dartmouth College defeated Arizona in the final to secure their second CRC Championship in a row.

Subaru Park
Subaru Park is a soccer-specific stadium in Chester, Pennsylvania, located next to Commodore Barry Bridge on the waterfront along the Delaware River. The venue is home to the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer.

Subaru Park was designed as an initial step for economic development on the waterfront, with additional plans calling for a river walk and other entertainment, retail, and residential projects. The stadium was constructed by T.N. Ward Company, based in Ardmore. The project was the result of combined commitments of $30 million from Delaware County and $47 million from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Subaru of America is the stadium's naming rights sponsor.
William McLane (Washington politician)
William McLane (1819–1906) was an Olympia, Washington pioneer and member of the Washington Territorial Legislature. McLane was born on November 3, 1819 in Butler County, Pennsylvania. He and Martha McLeod McLane pioneered a 307-or-320-acre (124 or 129 ha) homestead on Mud Bay.

Local place names such as McLane Creek are named for him, as is McLane Elementary School in the Olympia School District, on a hill above and east of Mud Bay; and the McLane Grange in Delphi Valley, to whom he donated land.

National Grange
The National Grange, also known as The Grange and officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the Granger Laws to lower rates charged by railroads, and rural free mail delivery by the Post Office.

In 2025, the Grange had a membership of 140,000, with organizations in 1,400 communities. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges continue to serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
Rostam and Sohrab (opera)
Rostam and Sohrab is an opera by Loris Tjeknavorian. It is based on the story Rostam and Sohrab in the epic Shahnameh. Its composition took 25 years. In 1963, Carl Orff granted Loris Tjeknavorian a scholarship which allowed him to reside in Salzburg and to complete his opera in Austria.

This work is regarded as the first opera composed within Iran that systematically incorporates the melodic and rhythmic characteristics of Iranian folk, religious, and professional music traditions. Rather than directly borrowing existing material, the composer developed the work within the framework of “ethnomusical thinking.”

Carl Orff
Carl Heinrich Maria Orff (German: [kaʁl ˈʔɔʁf] ⓘ; 10 July 1895 – 29 March 1982) was a German composer and music educator, who composed the cantata Carmina Burana (1937). The concepts of his Schulwerk were influential for children's music education.
Lepidochrysops jefferyi
Lepidochrysops jefferyi, the Jeffery's blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to South Africa, where it known from grassland on the hills above Ulundi, Fairview and the Sheba Mines in Mpumalanga.

The wingspan is 38–44 mm for males and 42–46 mm for females. Adults are on wing from October to November. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Becium grandiflorum.

Ulundi
Ulundi, also known as Mahlabathini, is a town which lies under the Ulundi Local Municipality in the Zululand District Municipality. At one time the capital of the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa and later the capital of the Bantustan of KwaZulu, Ulundi now lies in KwaZulu-Natal Province (of which, from 1994 to 2004, it alternated with Pietermaritzburg as the provincial capital). Ulundi's 2025 population is now estimated at 31,185. In 2001, the population of Ulundi was 23,649. Ulundi has grown by 4,647 in the last year, which represents a 1.16% annual change. The town now includes Ulundi Airport, a three-star hotel, and some museums amongst its sights.
Stary Dzyedzin
Stary Dzyedzin (Belarusian: Стары Дзедзін; Russian: Старый Дедин, romanized: Stary Dedin) is a village in Klimavichy District, Mogilev Region, Belarus. It is part of Kisyalyova Buda selsoviet. It is situated on the right bank of the Ostyor River, a left tributary of the Sozh River, five kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the Ivatsevichy–Babruysk–Krychaw (P43) highway which leads to the Belarus-Russia border.

Ivatsevichy
Ivatsevichy (Belarusian: Івацэвічы, romanized: Ivacevičy; Russian: Ивацевичи, romanized: Ivatsevichi; Polish: Iwacewicze) is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Ivatsevichy District. As of 2025, it has a population of 22,264.
Chris Tregaskis
Christopher David Tregaskis (born 5 January 1965) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A lock, Tregaskis represented Wellington and Marlborough at domestic level. Tregaskis was known as an imposing physical specimen, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on the 1991 tour of Argentina. He played four games for the All Blacks but did not play any test matches.

Marlborough Rugby Union
Marlborough Rugby Union was a New Zealand rugby union team that played from 1888 until 2005 when they merged with the neighbouring Nelson Bays Rugby Union to become the Tasman Rugby Union.

Marlborough was founded in 1888 and played at Lansdowne Park in Blenheim.
Fortified Area of Silesia
The Fortified Area of Silesia (Polish: Obszar Warowny Śląsk) was a set of Polish fortifications, constructed along the interbellum border of Poland and Germany in the area of then-divided Upper Silesia and in the Dąbrowa Basin that is part of Lesser Poland. It spreads from the village of Przeczyce (part of the Dąbrowa Basin) in the north to the town of Wyry in the south, along the line of sixty kilometers. Headquarters of the area was placed in Chorzów and its commandant was General Jan Jagmin-Sadowski.

Wyry
Wyry ([ˈvɨrɨ]) (German: Wyrow) is a village in Mikołów County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wyry. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Mikołów and 15 km (9 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice.
1964 small college football rankings
The 1964 small college football rankings are rankings of college football teams representing smaller college and university teams during the 1964 college football season, including the 1964 NCAA College Division football season and the 1964 NAIA football season. Separate rankings were published by the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI). The AP rankings were selected by a board of sports writers, and the UPI rankings were selected by a board of small-college coaches.

The 1964 Wittenberg Tigers football team (8–0), led by senior quarterback Charlie Green, was selected as the small-college national champion by the AP. The 1964 Cal State Los Angeles Diablos football team (9–0) was selected as the small-college champion by the UPI and rated No. 3 by the AP. Prairie View (9–0) was recognized as the black college national champion and rated at No. 2 by the AP and No. 8 by the UPI.

Charlie Green (American football)
Charles H. Green (born March 14, 1943) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Wittenberg Tigers. From 1962 to 1964, he led Wittenberg to three consecutive Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) championships and three consecutive undefeated seasons (25–0–1), including an Associated Press small college national championship in 1964. After the 1964 season, he was selected as the first-team quarterback on the Little All-America team.

He also played professional football for the Oakland Raiders in 1966. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2002.
Ban Phai Na Bun Junction railway station
Ban Phai Na Bun Junction railway station is a railway station located in Taling Chan Subdistrict, Mueang Saraburi district, Saraburi province. It is a class 3 railway station located 162.811 km (101.2 mi) from Bangkok railway station. It opened on February 3, 2020, as part of the double tracking of the Phra Phutthachai Freight Line. It acts as a junction for the newly-constructed chord line connecting the station and Nong Bua Junction. Before this, trains had to switch directions at Kaeng Khoi Junction if they were travelling in the direction of Ban Phachi Junction. As it is a freight-only station, no passenger trains operate at the station.

Ban Phachi Junction railway station
Ban Phachi Junction (Thai: สถานีชุมทางบ้านภาชี, RTGS: Sathani Chumthang Ban Phachi) is a railway junction located in Phachi District, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. It is a Class 1 Station and serves as a junction for the North and Northeastern Line of the State Railway of Thailand. Ban Phachi Junction had to be rebuilt after the Second World War after being hit by Allied Bombing. Some special express and express trains do not call at this station.Ban Phachi was also known for its "Phachi" Coconut Ice Cream sold by hawkers with trays walking along platforms and is normally eaten using a plastic straw. The dessert is quite famous and has been mentioned on some Thai television shows. But since the beginning of August 2018, sales ended permanently.