hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karplus
Karplus is a surname; people with that name include:

Arnold Karplus (1877–1968), Czech-Austrian architect

Kevin Karplus (born 1954), American academic
Karplus-Strong string synthesis

Martin Karplus (1930–2024), American theoretical chemist and 2013 Nobel Laureate (Chemistry)
Karplus equation

Robert Karplus (1927–1990), American theoretical physicist and educator

Martin Karplus
Martin Karplus (German: [ˈmaʁtiːn ˈkaʁplʊs]; March 15, 1930 – December 28, 2024) was an Austrian and American theoretical chemist. He was the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University. He was also the director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg, France. Karplus received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems".
Dynamic International Airways Flight 405
On October 29, 2015, Dynamic International Airways Flight 405, a Boeing 767 on a scheduled international passenger service operating from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to Caracas, Venezuela, caught on fire while taxiing for departure. All 90 passengers and 11 crew members on board were evacuated using the emergency slides. However, 22 of them were injured. The aircraft was damaged beyond economic repair.

International flight
An international flight is a form of commercial flight within civil aviation where the departure and the arrival take place in different countries.

Since its origins, international commercial flights have taken place with a variety of aircraft types including airplanes and airships. Modern international flight typically takes place on wide-body aircraft and involves immigration and customs formalities through international airports.
Bo-kyung
Bo-kyung is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Ha Po-gyong (1906–1996), South Korean dancer

Ok So-ri (born Ok Bo-gyeong, 1968), South Korean actress

Kim Bo-kyung (actress) (1976–2021), South Korean actress

Stephanie Kim (born Kim Bo-kyung, 1987), South Korean singer, member of girl group The Grace

Choi Bo-kyung (born 1988), South Korean football player

Kim Bo-kyung (born 1989), South Korean football player

Lydia Ko (born Ko Bo-kyung, 1997), South Korean-born New Zealand golfer

Fictional characters with this name include:

Yoon Bo-kyung, character in 2012 South Korean television series Moon Embracing the Sun

Ok So-ri
Ok So-ri (Korean: 옥소리; born 23 December 1968) is the stage name of South Korean actress whose real name is Ok Bo-gyeong (옥보경). Ok made her debut in a TV commercial in 1987. She appeared in the TV series Hero's Diary in 1994.
Captain Earth
Captain Earth (Japanese: キャプテン・アース, Hepburn: Kyaputen Āsu) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Bones, directed by Takuya Igarashi and written by Yōji Enokido. It was broadcast for twenty-five episodes in Japan on MBS from April to September 2014. The series follows high-school student Daichi Manatsu who starts working for the Globe organization to pilot a giant robot called the Earth Engine Impacter to protect the Earth from the invading alien force known as the "Kill-T-Gang", that intends to drain all the life force of mankind to empower their immortal existences.

Mainichi Broadcasting System
JOOY-DTV (channel 4), branded as Mainichi Broadcasting System (Japanese: 毎日放送, Hepburn: Mainichi Hōsō; MBS) (formerly known as Mainichi Broadcasting System Television from 1959 to 2011), is a Japanese television station serving as the Kansai region key station of the Japan News Network. It is owned and operated by Mainichi Broadcasting System, Inc., a subsidiary of MBS Media Holdings, with its studios based in the Kita-ku ward of Osaka.

From its inception in 1959 until 2021, MBS operated as a unified broadcaster, with its radio and television operations remaining intact until 2017, when a major restructuring placed the operations under the second incarnation of MBS. In 2021, the radio division was spun off as a separate, wholly owned subsidiary.
Johnny Iguana
Brian Berkowitz, known professionally as Johnny Iguana, is an American Chicago blues pianist, singer and songwriter. He has recorded albums with Junior Wells, Carey Bell, Koko Taylor, Lil' Ed Williams, Eddie Shaw, Matthew Skoller, Lurrie Bell, Carey Bell, Oh My God, and the Claudettes among many others.

His own debut as a blues bandleader, Chicago Spectacular!, was issued in August 2020 on Delmark Records.

Delmark Records
Delmark Records is an American jazz and blues independent record label. The label originated in 1953 in St. Louis, Missouri, as Delmar, when owner, and founder, Bob Koester released a recording of the Windy City Six, a traditional jazz group, under the Delmar imprint. Koester and the label moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1958, and the label's name became Delmark. Koester sold the label assets in 2018, and the label since operates as Delmark Records LLC.
Zakariah Barie
Zakariah Barie (born 29 May 1953) is a retired Tanzanian long-distance runner who specialized in the 10,000 metres.

He won the silver medal at the 1982 Commonwealth Games, finished thirteenth at the 1984 Olympic Games. He also competed at the 1980 Olympic Games and the 1983 World Championships without reaching the final.

He studied at the University of Texas at El Paso.

Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
At the 1982 Commonwealth Games, the athletics events took place at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia from 3–9 October 1982. A total of 39 events were contested, 23 for men and 16 for women athletes.
Yemen Eyalet
The Yemen Eyalet (Arabic: إيالة اليمن; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت یمن, romanized: Eyālet-i Yemen) was an eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire. Although formally an integral part of the empire, the far-flung province was notoriously difficult to administer, and was often lawless. During the early 17th century, the Eyalet was entirely lost to the Zaidi-ruled Qasimid State, only to be recovered by the Ottomans two centuries later. The Yemen Eyalet was reorganized in 1849, upon Ottoman takeover of much of Greater Yemen territories. In 1872, most of it became Yemen Vilayet after a land reform in the empire.

South Arabia
South Arabia (Arabic: جنوب الجزيرة العربية), or Greater Yemen, is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it historically included Najran, Jazan, and Asir, which are presently in Saudi Arabia, and Dhofar of present-day Oman.

South Arabia is inhabited by people possessing distinctive linguistic and ethnic affinities, as well as traditions and culture, transcending recent political boundaries. There are two indigenous language groups: the now extinct Old South Arabian languages and the unrelated Modern South Arabian languages, both members of the Semitic family.
Patrick A. Lee
Patrick A. Lee (born 8 September 1946, British Hong Kong) is a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

After spending ten years with the Theoretical Physics Department at Bell Laboratories, Lee joined MIT in 1982. He has contributed to the field of "mesoscopic physics," or the study of small devices at low temperatures. He has also made important contributions to the theory of disordered electronic systems, among them the concept of universal conductance fluctuations. He was awarded the 2005 Dirac Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics as well as the Oliver Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society. He is currently researching high temperature superconductors.

International Centre for Theoretical Physics
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a research center for physical and mathematical sciences, located in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy.

The center operates under a tripartite agreement between the Italian Government, UNESCO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is located near the Miramare Park, about 10 kilometres from the downtown of Trieste, Italy. The centre was founded in 1964 by Pakistani Nobel Laureate Mohammad Abdus Salam.

ICTP is part of the Trieste System, a network of national and international scientific institutes in Trieste, promoted by the Italian physicist Paolo Budinich.
History of Wells Fargo
This article outlines the history of Wells Fargo & Company from its merger with Norwest Corporation and beyond. The new company chose to retain the name of "Wells Fargo" and so this article is about the history after the merger.

Wachovia Securities
Wachovia Securities was Wachovia Corporation's retail brokerage and institutional capital markets and investment banking subsidiary, which also encompassed Wachovia Capital Markets. Following Wells Fargo and Company's acquisition of Wachovia on December 31, 2008, in 2009 the retail brokerage (Wachovia Securities) became Wells Fargo Advisors, and the institutional capital markets and investment banking group (Wachovia Capital Markets) became Wells Fargo Securities.
Finian's Rainbow (unfinished film)
Finian's Rainbow was an incomplete 1954 animated feature film, being an adaptation of the musical Finian's Rainbow. It began production in 1954 directed by John Hubley. The crew included Art Babbit, Bill Tytla and Paul Julian.

Among the cast were Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Oscar Peterson, Louis Armstrong, Barry Fitzgerald, Jim Backus and David Burns plus David Wayne and Ella Logan from the original Broadway production.

The film ran into difficulty due to Hubley and Harburg's refusal to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The film was abandoned.

Some recordings survive along with several sketches.

Jim Backus
James Gilmore Backus (February 25, 1913 – July 3, 1989) was an American actor. Among his most famous roles were Thurston Howell III on the 1960s sitcom Gilligan's Island, the father of James Dean's character in Rebel Without a Cause, the voice of the near-sighted cartoon character Mr. Magoo, the rich Hubert Updike III on the radio version of The Alan Young Show, and Joan Davis's character's husband (a domestic court judge) on TV's I Married Joan. He also starred in his own show of one season, The Jim Backus Show, also known as Hot Off the Wire.

An avid golfer, Backus made the 36-hole cut at the 1964 Bing Crosby Pro-Am tournament. He was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
Antonio A. Capotosto
Antonio A. Capotosto (1879 – December 3, 1962) was an Italian-American Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court from January 1935 to 1956.

Born in Italy, Capotosto's family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, when he was three years old. Capotosto attended Boston English High School, and received an undergraduate degree from Harvard College, followed by a law degree from Harvard Law School. The first Italian-American member of the Rhode Island Bar Association, he became an assistant attorney general. He was appointed to the Rhode Island Superior Court in 1922, and remained there until 1935, when the Democratic Party unexpectedly gained control of the state legislature, and appointed an entirely new state supreme court, including Capostosto. He retired from the court in 1956.

Capotosto married Clementine E. Castiglioni, with whom he had three sons and a daughter. He died at Jane Brown Memorial Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, at the age of 83.

The English High School
The English High School in Boston, Massachusetts, founded in 1821, is one of the first public high schools in the United States. Originally called The English Classical School, it was renamed upon its first relocation in 1824. Commonly referred to as Boston English, the school is located in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston and is a part of Boston Public Schools (BPS).
2024 Next Gen ATP Finals
The 2024 Next Gen ATP Finals was a men's exhibition tennis tournament for the eight highest-ranked singles players on the 2024 ATP Tour who are aged 20 and under. It was held from 18 December to 22 December 2024 at King Abdullah Sports City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

This was the first tournament to be played under the new rules which included lowering the age threshold from 21-and-under to 20-and-under.

João Fonseca defeated Learner Tien, 2–4, 4–3(10–8), 4–0, 4–2 to win the title. Ranked as the world No. 145 that time, Fonseca became the lowest ranked champion in the tournament's history.

Hamad Medjedovic was the reigning champion but was ineligible to defend his title due to his age.

Hamad Medjedovic
Hamad Medjedovic (born 18 July 2003) is a Serbian professional tennis player. On 25 August 2025, Medjedovic reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 57. He is currently the No. 3 singles player from Serbia.

Medjedovic won the 2023 NextGen Finals. He represents Serbia at the Davis Cup.
Guatemala women's national basketball team
The Guatemala women's national basketball team (Spanish: Selección femenina de baloncesto de Guatemala) represents Guatemala in international basketball competitions. They are overseen by the Guatemala National Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación Nacional de Baloncesto de Guatemala) (FNBG), the governing body for basketball in Guatemala.

Women's basketball
Women's basketball is the team sport of basketball played by women. It was first played in 1892, one year after men's basketball, at Smith College in Massachusetts. It spread across the United States, in large parts via women's college competitions, and has since spread globally. As of 2020, basketball is one of the most popular and fastest growing sports in the world.

There are multiple professional leagues and tournaments for professional women basketball players. The main North American league is the WNBA. The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships. In the US, the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular. The strongest European women's basketball clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.
Ballymacool Park
Ballymacool Park (Irish: Páirc Bhaile Mhic Comhghaill) is a 20-acre (81,000 m2) public park located in Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland. The park is located on the Glenties Road, not far from O'Donnell Park and the local sports complex. The park has an entrance on each side of the Letterkenny to Glenties Road. It is the largest in Letterkenny and County Donegal, taking over from Letterkenny Town Park.

Letterkenny Regional Sports and Leisure Complex
Letterkenny Regional Sports and Leisure Complex is a sports complex located in Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland. Located near O'Donnell Park, RTÉ Television has broadcast live from the venue on several occasions.
Russian monitor Lava
Lava (Russian: Лава) was an Uragan-class monitor built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the mid-1860s. The design was based on the American Passaic-class monitor, but was modified to suit Russian engines, guns and construction techniques. Spending her entire career with the Baltic Fleet, the ship was only active when the Gulf of Finland was not frozen, but very little is known about her service. She was struck from the Navy List in 1900, converted into a barracks ship in 1902 and then into a storage hulk for mines in 1912 and renamed Blokshiv No. 1. During World War I, she was converted into a hospital ship in 1916 and was then abandoned by the Soviets in Finland in 1918; the ship was probably later scrapped by the Finns around 1922.

Hospital ship
A hospital ship is a ship designated for primary function as a floating medical treatment facility or hospital. Most are operated by the military forces (mostly navies) of various countries, as they are intended to be used in or near war zones. In the 19th century, redundant warships were used as moored hospitals for seamen.

The Second Geneva Convention of 1949 prohibits military attacks on hospital ships that meet specified requirements, though belligerent forces have right of inspection and may take  patients, but not staff, as prisoners of war.
Heinz Heinen
Heinz Heinen (September 14, 1941–June 21, 2013) was a German-Belgian historian of classical antiquity. He was  a professor of ancient history at the University of Trier from 1971 to 2006.  Heinen's main research areas were Hellenistic Egypt and Roman Egypt, Augusta Treverorum in the Roman era (the predecessor to modern Trier), Crimea in the Roman era and the wider northern Black Sea region, Soviet and Russian historiography and views of antiquity, and slavery in antiquity (and in ancient Rome).

Historiography in the Soviet Union
Soviet historiography is the methodology of history studies by historians in the Soviet Union (USSR). In the USSR, the study of history  was marked by restrictions imposed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Soviet historiography is itself studied in modern historiography.
The Crayon Box
The Crayon Box is an American live-action/animated children's television series that was aired in syndication from 1997 to 1998, based on the poem The Crayon Box That Talked by Shane DeRolf, which was first recited on the titular episode of DeRolf's series Zazoo U, before being published as a standalone book in 1997. The show followed Bananas in Pajamas as part of a 30-minute double-show, with each show being 15 minutes. The show's tagline was "A Good Show Helping to Build Great Kids". There were many characters beside the crayon characters, that were both live-action puppets, and animated.

The series was produced by Chiodo Bros. Productions, Sunbow Entertainment, Random House and PolyGram Television and its double-program was produced by Sachs Family Entertainment.

In Canada, it was shown on YTV.

Sunbow Entertainment
Sunbow Entertainment (formerly known as Sunbow Productions until 1995) was an American animation studio and distributor, founded on June 23, 1980, and owned until May 4, 1998, by Griffin-Bacal Advertising in New York City and in the United States. Griffin-Bacal's first animations were animated commercials for Hasbro's G.I. Joe toy line. The success of the animated commercials led partners Tom Griffin and Joe Bacal to form the company. Due to their close working relationship with Hasbro, Sunbow came to be recognized as the toy giant's unofficial television arm.
Bad News (Bad News album)
Bad News is the debut album from British parody heavy metal group Bad News released in October 1987 by EMI. The album features a cover of the famous Queen song "Bohemian Rhapsody" and was produced by Queen's guitarist Brian May. "Bohemian Rhapsody" was released as a single along with music video created for it, written and directed by Adrian Edmondson, who portrays Vim Fuego in the group. The video was released as a video single by Picture Music International. In 2004, EMI re-released the album with a re-ordered track listing and with additions of tracks derived from the group's follow-up album The Cash In Compilation.

Picture Music International
PMI (Picture Music International) was a division of EMI that specialised in music video releases for EMI artists. Releases included videos from The Beatles, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Kate Bush, Cliff Richard, The Shadows, Pet Shop Boys, Queen, Pink Floyd and Duran Duran, as well as Iron Maiden, Meat Loaf and Queensrÿche. It has been succeeded by Abbey Road Interactive.
Fury of the Congo
Fury of the Congo (1951) is the sixth Jungle Jim film produced by Columbia Pictures. It features Johnny Weissmuller in his sixth performance in the title role. The film was directed by William Berke and written by Carroll Young.

William Berke
William A. Berke (October 3, 1903 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin – February 15, 1958 in Los Angeles, California) was an American film director, film producer, actor and screenwriter. He wrote, directed, and/or produced some 200 films over a three-decade career.
SailGP
SailGP, officially the Rolex SailGP Championship, is an annual international sailing competition featuring national teams racing identical high-performance F50 foiling catamarans. The series consists of multiple grands prix held at venues around the world, with teams earning points at each event toward an overall season championship. Races are designed to be short, fast-paced, and spectator-friendly, showcasing cutting-edge sailing technology and elite crews. Since its inaugural season in 2019, SailGP has become one of the leading professional sailing leagues, combining elements of sport, technology, and environmental sustainability initiatives. The reigning champions are Emirates GBR, winners of the 2024–25 SailGP championship.

Match racing
A match race is a race between two competitors, going head-to-head.

In sailboat racing it is differentiated from a fleet race, which almost always involves three or more competitors competing against each other, and team racing where teams consisting of 2, 3 or 4 boats compete together in a team race, with their results being combined.

In horse racing, it has historically been a format used for one-off events, but in 2009 IMRA, the International Match Race Association was created to enable anyone to enter a one-on-one horse race in all-terrain half-mile loops.
Sherwood railway station
Sherwood railway station was a station on the former Great Northern Railway Nottingham Suburban railway in Nottingham. The station lies within Woodthorpe Grange Park in Woodthorpe.

The NSR was built mainly for the brickworks of Mapperley and Thornywood, however, there were passenger services to Daybrook and Sherwood Station. In 1905, Parry sold the estate to Godfrey Small a Nottingham City Councillor. Meanwhile, the railway was struggling with the opening of the electric tram from Nottingham City Centre to Sherwood. In 1916 the regular passenger service was withdrawn and Sherwood Station closed.

Woodthorpe Grange Park opened to the public in 1922. On 10 July 1928 King George V and Queen Mary visited the park and 17,000 school children travelled to the event on the NSR to Sherwood Station (which had been re-opened for the event). An enthusiasts special ran on 16 June 1951 but goods train finished on 1 August 1951 when the line was abandoned. The track was lifted in 1954.

Daybrook
Daybrook is a suburb of Arnold, Nottinghamshire. The area is located just outside the city of Nottingham but inside the conurbation of Greater Nottingham. It lies next to the areas of Arnold town centre, Sherwood, Woodthorpe, Redhill and Bestwood.

It is named for the Day Brook watercourse that flows through the area. The stream is a tributary of the River Leen.
Nitrophily
Nitrophily is a botanical term that indicates a preference of certain plant species for a habitat rich in nitrate. This term was first introduced by George Fuller during the 1930s. The word is a contraction of the Greek words νἰτρον (nitron) meaning "saltpetre" and φίλος (philos) meaning "friendly".

Nitrophily is traditionally expressed as a score between 1 (not nitrophilous at all) and 10 (extremely nitrophilous) according to the Ellenberg N Index. Alternatively, the response of leaf area to nitrogen supply is a relatively simple method to produce a proxy for the nitrophily. Mostly the nitrophily is consistent with the nitrate availability, where the lowest values occur with plants that grow in peat bogs (such as Drosera- and Erica-species), while the highest values occur with plants that grow on fresh organic waste such as dung piles, waste heaps and strandlines (such as Chenopodium-, and Urtica-species).

Proxy (statistics)
In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. In order for a variable to be a good proxy, it must have a close correlation, not necessarily linear, with the variable of interest. This correlation might be either positive or negative.

Proxy variable must relate to an unobserved variable, must correlate with disturbance, and must not correlate with regressors once the disturbance is controlled for.