hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Spire School
The Spire School is a private, co-educational college preparatory day school in Stamford, Connecticut, for students in grades 6–12.

Spire is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), and is a Connecticut State-Approved Special Education School. Spire is owned and operated by the Greenwich Education Group, which also operates Links Academy and The Pinnacle School, both of which are located in Stamford, Connecticut.

The Spire School provides customized instruction for intellectually capable students who are struggling with executive functioning challenges, depression, anxiety, ineffective coping skills and other emotional issues. The Spire School supports its students with an emphasis on self-care through use of effective coping skills, exercise, nutrition and academic empowerment.

New England Association of Schools and Colleges
The New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc. (NEASC /ˈniːæsk/ NEE-ask) is an American educational organization that accredits private and public secondary schools (high schools and technical/career institutions), primarily in New England. It also accredits international secondary schools (primarily in the Middle East and Europe) and, less frequently, high schools in other U.S. states.

Until 2018, NEASC was the primary accrediting organization for universities in New England. Since 2018, the former NEASC university accreditation body is now an independent organization, the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). NEASC retained its old name after the split, although the word "colleges" is now an anachronism.
Dun Mountain Railway
The Dun Mountain Railway was a privately owned and operated 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge, 21.5 km (13.4 mi) long horse-drawn tramway from chromite mines in the vicinity of Duppa Lode on the eastern slopes of Wooded Peak to Nelson port in the Tasman District of New Zealand's South Island.  It operated from 3 February 1862 to 30 May 1901, with the last mineral traffic on the incline section operated in January 1866.

This line was the first "railway" to be opened and operated in New Zealand, preceding the first public railway and the first railway to be operated by steam trains, the line between Ferrymead and Christchurch, which opened on 1 December 1863. The city of Nelson had the first city tramway to both open and close in New Zealand.

3 ft gauge railways
Three foot gauge railways have a track gauge of 3 ft (914 mm) or 1 yard. This gauge is a narrow gauge and is generally found throughout North, Central, and South America. In Ireland, many secondary and industrial lines were built to 3 ft gauge, and it is the dominant gauge on the Isle of Man, where it is known as the Manx Standard Gauge. Modern 3 ft gauge railways are most commonly found in isolated mountainous areas, on small islands, or in large-scale amusement parks and theme parks (see table below). This gauge is also popular in model railroading (particularly in G scale), and model prototypes of these railways have been made by several model train brands around the world, such as Accucraft Trains (US), Aristo-Craft Trains (US), Bachmann Industries (Hong Kong), Delton Locomotive Works (US), LGB (Germany), and PIKO (Germany).
Hinterer Tajakopf
The Hinterer Tajakopf is a mountain, 2,408 metres (7,900 ft) high, in the Mieming Range in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

The Hintere Tajakopf may be ascended from the Coburger Hut (1,917 metres [6,289 ft]) via the Hinteres Tajatörl (2,259 metres [7,411 ft]) to the south and the south arête. Alternatively the Coburger Klettersteig runs to the top from the Vorderen Tajatörl to the north. This ascent is frequently combined with the klettersteig on the Vorderer Tajakopf (2,450 metres [8,040 ft]) to the north of the Vorderes Tajatörl.

West of the summit at just under 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) are the remains of an abandoned mine. In the area around the Coburger Hut, lead and zinc ore was mined until the 20th century.

On the actual summit is only a small wooden cross. A few meters away on a smooth rocky ridge, accessible via a short, protected passage, is a large summit cross with a summit register.

Cross, west of the summit, with Wampeter Schrofen

Summit cross of the Hinterer Tajakopf

Via ferrata
A via ferrata (Italian for "iron path", plural vie ferrate or in English via ferratas) is a protected climbing route found in the Alps and certain other alpine locations.  The protection includes steel fixtures such as cables and railings to arrest the effect of any fall, which the climber can either hold onto or clip into using climbing protection.  Some via ferratas can also include steel fixtures that provide aid in overcoming the obstacles encountered, including steel ladders and steel steps.
Saki Nakajima (voice actress)
Saki Nakajima (中島 沙樹, Nakajima Saki; born September 1, 1978) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society. Her major roles include Ichigo Momomiya, the main character of magical girl series Tokyo Mew Mew, Chizuru Honshou in Bleach and Mimi Tasogare in Duel Masters.

Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society
The Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society (東京俳優生活協同組合, Tōkyō Haiyū Seikatsu Kyōdō Kumiai), also known as Haikyō (俳協), is a Sendagaya, Shibuya-based talent management agency and cooperative representing Japanese voice actors.
Jujubinus catenatus
Jujubinus catenatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. It was first described by Ardovini in 2006, based on specimens collected from the Sicily Channel at depths between 45 and 70 meters. The species' shell is conical, with spiral ribs and axial striae. The color is brownish-red, with white spots on the ribs. The shell's height is about 6.5 mm.

Jujubinus catenatus belongs to the subfamily Cantharidinae, which includes other small trochids with similar morphology and ecology. This species is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, where it lives on rocky substrates and feeds on algae and detritus.

Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy spinning top.
Lisicky
Lisicky (Czech/Slovak masculine: Lisický; feminine: Lisická) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Helena Lisická (1930–2009), Czech ethnographer and writer

Michael Lisicky (born 1964), American writer and oboist

Paul Lisicky (born 1959), American novelist and memoirist

Peter Lisicky (born 1976), American basketball player

Helena Lisická
Helena Lisická (November 26, 1930, Olomouc – November 30, 2009) was a Czech ethnographer and writer, author of fairy tales and legends. She started her production in 1950s and wrote more than 20 writings. Outside fairy tales she wrote some plays for children. She collaborated with Folklore group Haná (Folklórní soubor Haná), together they founded folklore festival Lidový rok. Her husband was archivist Antonín Roubic.
Prestwick Carr
Prestwick Carr is a large area of low-lying wetland on the northern boundary of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in northeastern England between Dinnington and Ponteland. It is known for attracting various birds of wetlands and open country and is an Site of Special Scientific Interest and a nature reserve managed by the Northumberland Wildlife Trust. A large part of the site is owned by the Ministry of Defence.

Ponteland
Ponteland (/pɒnˈtiːlənd/ pon-TEE-lənd) is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Built on marshland near St Mary's Church and the old bridge, most marshland has now been drained to make way for housing. In the industrial era, the settlement expanded with the development of Darras Hall. Parts of Ponteland have some of North-East England's most expensive houses; being just outside Newcastle, near the airport and on the edge of rural countryside.

The civil parish includes the old village of Ponteland, the Darras Hall estate, and the villages of Kirkley, Medburn, Milbourne and Prestwick.
Angela Eiter
Angela "Angy" Eiter (born 27 January 1986 in Arzl im Pitztal) is an Austrian professional rock climber who specialises in competition climbing and sport climbing. In competition lead climbing, she won three IFSC World Cups in a row (2004–2006), and four IFSC World Championships. In 2011, she achieved her 25th win in World Cup and her 42nd podium.  She is also one of the strongest sport climbers in the world, and in 2017, became the first-ever female in history to climb a 9b (5.15b) route, La Planta de Shiva.  In 2020, she became the first-ever female in history to complete the first free ascent (FFA) of a 9b (5.15b) route, Madame Ching.

Arco, Trentino
Arco is a comune in Trentino-Alto Adige in northern Italy.
The town is faced on one side by sheer limestone cliffs jutting up like a wall protecting it and its ancient hilltop castle.
King Francis II of the Two Sicilies died there in 1894.
Ololygon trapicheiroi
Ololygon trapicheiroi is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Philippine Senate Committee on National Defense and Security, Peace, Unification and Reconciliation
The Philippine Senate Committee on National Defense and Security, Peace, Unification and Reconciliation is a standing committee of the Senate of the Philippines.

This committee was formed after the Committee on National Defense and Security and the Committee on Peace, Unification and Reconciliation were merged on September 3, 2019, pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 9 of the 18th Congress.

18th Congress of the Philippines
The 18th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabingwalong Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 22, 2019, until June 1, 2022, during the last three years of Rodrigo Duterte's presidency. The convening of the 18th Congress followed the 2019 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
Catherine Coffey
Catherine Brosnaham Coffey (1805 – 31 August 1894) was an Irish-born Australian pioneer in the Port Phillip District who was the first Catholic school teacher in Melbourne and the first sacristan of the first Catholic church in Victoria, St Francis. She taught catechism classes to children in colonial Melbourne prior to the arrival of the colony's first Catholic priest in 1839. Coffey’s contribution to Catholic education was celebrated in a St Patrick’s Day pageant at the Melbourne Town Hall in 1930 and she was singled out by Archbishop Justin Simonds in 1939 in a requiem for pioneers as “an outstanding Catholic personality”.

Creswick
Creswick /ˈkrɛzwɪk/ is a town in west-central Victoria, Australia, 18 kilometres north of Ballarat and 122 kilometres northwest of Melbourne, in the Shire of Hepburn. It is 430 metres above sea level. At the 2016 census, Creswick had a population of 3,170. Creswick was named after the Creswick family, the pioneer settlers of the region.
California Waiting
"California Waiting" is a song by the American rock band Kings of Leon, released as the third single from their debut album Youth & Young Manhood. An alternate version of the song appears on their debut release, the EP Holy Roller Novocaine. This version was recorded in a rush to finish the record. The band did not like the outcome, so they recorded a new version, which is found on Youth and Young Manhood. However, on Kings of Leon's VH1 Storytellers performance, Caleb Followill stated, before playing "California Waiting", that "We kind of sabotaged it on our album, and tried to play it really punk rock. It was better on the EP I think."

VH1 Storytellers
Storytellers is a television music series produced by the VH1 network.

In each episode, artists perform in front of a (mostly small and intimate) live audience, and tell stories about their music, writing experiences and memories, somewhat similar to MTV Unplugged. The show started in 1996 with a broadcast of Ray Davies, during his "Storyteller" tour, and took its name from this first show.The original idea and title was suggested by a young music lawyer at Sony Music, Jonathan Polk, who suggested to the Kink's manager in 1991, that Davies do a one man show called 'Ray Davies: Storyteller" at New York City's The Bottom Line, where he told the story behind each song.

98 episodes aired before the show's cancellation, and many of the performances have subsequently been released on CD or DVD. "Best of" collections have also been released. In February 2025, many Storytellers episodes became available to stream on Paramount+.
Ernst von Hammerstein-Loxten
Ernst Georg, Freiherr von Hammerstein-Loxten (2 October 1827 – 5 June 1914) was a German lawyer and politician in the Kingdom of Hanover. After Hanover's annexation by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866, he was Prussian Minister of Agriculture from 1894 to 1901.

Bersenbrück
Bersenbrück (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁzn̩bʁʏk] ⓘ; Low German: Bessenbrügge) is a town in the district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Hase, approx. 30 km north of Osnabrück.
Bersenbrück is the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Bersenbrück.
Päivi
Päivi is a Finnish female given name, derived from the word ‘päivä’, meaning ‘day’. Its name day is June 16.

Some notable people with this name:

Päivi Aaltonen (born 1952), retired Finnish archer

Päivi Alafrantti (born 1964), retired Finnish javelin thrower

Päivi Istala (born 1947), Finnish journalist

Päivi Räsänen (born 1959), Finnish politician

Päivi Setälä (1943–2014), Finnish historian and professor

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme is scheduled to take place on 27 and 28 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Louise Martin, Honorary Secretary of the Commonwealth Games Federation, Immediate Past Chair of Commonwealth Games Scotland and Vice-Chair of Glasgow 2014 and the quaichs were presented by Alfred C. Weir, Chairman of NVT Group.

Quaich
A quaich /ˈkweɪx/, archaically quaigh or quoich,  is a special kind of shallow two-handled   drinking cup or bowl of a type traditional in Scotland. It derives from the Scottish Gaelic cuach (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [kʰuəx]), meaning a cup.
The Master Detective (1933 film)
The Master Detective (German: Der Meisterdetektiv) is a 1933 German comedy crime film directed by Franz Seitz and starring Weiß Ferdl, Ery Bos and Hans Stüwe. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Seefelder.

Franz Seitz Sr.
Franz Seitz Sr. (14 April 1887 – 7 March 1952) was a German film director and screenwriter. He directed 59 films between 1920 and 1951. His son Franz Seitz Jr. was a film producer.

In 1933, he directed S.A.-Mann Brand, one of the first propaganda films made after the instauration of the Nazi regime in Germany. While expounding the purported virtues of joining the ranks of the Nazi Party, the film is notable for the absence of any anti-Semitic themes.
Why Raeliana Ended Up at the Duke's Mansion
Why Raeliana Ended Up at the Duke's Mansion (Korean: 그녀가 공작저로 가야 했던 사정, romanized: Geunyeoga Gongjagjeolo Gaya Haessdeon Sajeong, Japanese: 彼女が公爵邸に行った理由, romanized: Kanojo ga Kōshaku-tei ni Itta Riyū) is a South Korean web novel written by Milcha. It has been serialized in Kakao's digital comic and fiction platform KakaoPage since September 19, 2016. A webtoon adaptation was first serialized in KakaoPage on September 3, 2017, and is illustrated by Whale. An anime television series adaptation produced by Typhoon Graphics aired from April to June 2023.

Romanization of Korean
The romanization of Korean is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language.

There are multiple romanization systems in common use. The two most prominent systems are McCune–Reischauer (MR) and Revised Romanization (RR). MR is almost universally used in Western academic Korean studies, and a variant of it has been the official system of North Korea since 1992. RR is the official system of South Korea and has been in use since 2000.

The earliest romanization systems for Korean emerged around the mid-19th century. Due to a number of factors, including the properties of the Korean language and alphabet, as well as social and geopolitical issues, a single settled standard did not emerge. By 1934, there were 27 extant romanization systems, and by 1997, there were over 40.
Cayman Islands at the 2019 Pan American Games
The Cayman Islands competed at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019.

The Cayman Islands Olympic Committee officially named the team of six athletes (four men and two women) competing in four sports (athletics, gymnastics, sailing and swimming) on June 28, 2019. The team also consisted of eight officials, coaches and managers.

During the opening ceremony of the games, sprinter Kemar Hyman carried the flag of the country as part of the parade of nations.

Cayman Islands Olympic Committee
The Cayman Islands Olympic Committee was founded in 1973 and was recognised by the IOC (International Olympic Committee) in 1976. From the beginning as a fledgling association, undertaking but a few tasks, it has now developed to a body representative of 22 member-sports, with significant undertakings at home and abroad. It is also the body responsible for the representation of the Cayman Islands at the Commonwealth Games. Donald McLean, who competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, became the committee's president in 2005.
André Roy (writer)
André Roy (born February 27, 1944) is a Canadian poet and arts critic from Quebec. He won the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry in 1985 for Action writing and was a shortlisted nominee for the award on three other occasions.

He has also published extensively as a film and literary critic, and was an editor of the cultural magazines Hobo-Québec and Spirale. An archive of his papers is held by the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Several of his works have been translated into English by Daniel Sloate.

He was one of Quebec's earliest openly gay writers. In 2021 he was named the winner of the Blue Metropolis Violet Prize, a lifetime achievement award for LGBTQ Canadian writers.

Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
The Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (French pronunciation: [biblijɔtɛk e aʁʃiv nɑsjɔnal dy kebɛk]; transl. National Library and Archives of Quebec; abbr. BAnQ) is a Quebec government agency which manages the province's legal deposit system, national archives, and national library. Located at the Grande Bibliothèque in Montreal, the BAnQ was created by the merging of the Bibliothèque nationale du Québec and the Archives nationales du Québec in 2006. The Bibliothèque nationale du Québec had previously merged with the Grande Bibliothèque du Québec in 2002.
Krekhaiv
Krekhaiv (Ukrainian: Крехаїв) is a village in Ukraine, in Chernihiv Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, of Ukraine, located roughly 85 km south of Chernihiv and 30 km north of Kyiv. Until 2020, the local government body was the Krekhaiv Village Council. The village is a part of the Oster urban hromada. The village's population is 418 people.

During the Holodomor at least 371 of the villages residents perished.

Chernihiv Raion
Chernihiv Raion  (Ukrainian: Чернігівський район) is a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is the city of Chernihiv. Population: 445,430 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Chernihiv Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Horodnia, Kozelets, Kulykivka, and Ripky Raions, as well as part of Mena Raion and the city of Chernihiv, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Chernihiv Raion. Before the expansion, the raion covered an area of 2,547 square kilometres (983 mi2). The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 51,152 (2020 est.).
Tudor Edwards
Arthur Tudor Edwards  (7 March 1890 –  25 August 1946) was a Welsh thoracic surgeon, who worked at the Westminster Hospital, the Royal Brompton Hospital and Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton and pioneered lung surgery, in particularly pulmonary tuberculosis and lung tumours.

Edwards was born in Swansea on 7 March 1890, the elder son of William Edwards and his wife Mary Griffith Thomas. He was educated at Mill Hill School, London, St John's College, Cambridge, and at Middlesex Hospital, London, where he qualified as a doctor in 1913. He was appointed house surgeon and surgical registrar at the Middlesex, and obtained the higher degrees of M.Ch. and FRCS in 1915.

Edwards was commissioned in the Royal Army Medical Corps in World War I, rising to the rank of major. He was the first Director of the Department of Thoracic Surgery at the London Hospital.

He was also responsible for the training of notable surgeons including Dwight Harken, Sir Clement Price Thomas and Sir Russell Brock.

Lung tumor
Lung tumors are  neoplastic lung nodules. These include:

Primary tumors of the lung/pulmonary system:

Bronchial leiomyoma, a rare, benign tumor

Lung cancer, the term commonly used to refer to carcinoma of the lung

Pulmonary carcinoid tumor

Pleuropulmonary blastoma

Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung

Lymphomas of the lung.

Sarcomas of the lung.

Some rare vascular tumors of the lung

Non-lung tumors which may grow into the lungs:

Mediastinal tumors

Pleural tumors

Metastasis or secondary tumors/neoplasms with other origin:

Metastasis to the lung