hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Josippon
Josippon (or Sefer Yosippon, the Book of Yosippon, Hebrew: ספר יוסיפון) is one of the most influential medieval chronicles of Jewish history, translated into many languages and republished in many editions, and a landmark of Jewish national historiography. It is a history of the Roman Empire and its Jewish inhabitants from the biblical history of Adam to the age of Titus. The author writes that he is copying the works of Roman-Jewish historian Josephus to whom its name refers. It was composed in the 10th century in Byzantine Italy. The Ethiopic version of Josippon or Zena Ayhud  (ዜና፡ አይሁድ) is recognized as canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It is also part of the Coptic Bible.

Abraham ibn Daud
Abraham ibn Daud (Judeo-Arabic: אַבְרָהָם בֶּן־דָּוִד הַלֵּוִי אִבְּן דָּאוּד, romanized: ʾAvrāhām ben-Dāvid hal-Lēvi ibn Dāʾūd; Arabic: ابراهيم بن داود, romanized: ʾIbrāhīm ibn Daʾūd) was a Spanish-Jewish astronomer, historian and philosopher born in Córdoba, Spain about 1110 who was said to have been killed for his religious beliefs in Toledo, Spain about 1180. He is sometimes known by the abbreviation Rabad I or Ravad I or Ravaad I or Ra'avad I. His maternal grandfather was Isaac Albalia. Some scholars believe he was the Arabic-into-Latin translator known as Avendauth.
Fromm
Fromm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bella Fromm (1890-1972), German journalist

Eric Fromm (born 1958), American former tennis player

Erich Fromm (1900–1980), German-American Jewish psychologist and humanistic philosopher

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann (1889–1957), psychoanalyst and doctor; wife of Erich

Friedrich Fromm (1888–1945), German army officer

Harold Fromm, American academic and writer

Jake Fromm (born 1998), American football player

Julius Fromm (1883–1945), inventor of the seamless latex condom

Paul Fromm (activist) (born 1949), Canadian fascist

Paul Fromm (philanthropist) (1906–1987), American wine merchant and musical patron

Pete Fromm (born 1958), American novelist

Rita Fromm (born 1944), German politician

Paul Fromm (philanthropist)
Paul Fromm (September 28, 1906 – July 4, 1987) was a Jewish Chicago wine merchant and performing arts patron through the Fromm Music Foundation. The Organum for Paul Fromm was composed by John Harbison in his honor.
Wingo (surname)
Wingo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ajume Wingo, Cameroonian political and social philosopher

Al Wingo (1898–1964), American baseball player

Blair Wingo (born 1984), model, actress, and Christian spoken word artist

Donnie Wingo (born 1960), NASCAR crew chief

Ed Wingo (1895–1964), Canadian baseball player

Effiegene Locke Wingo (1883–1962), U.S. Representative from Arkansas

Harthorne Wingo (born 1947), American basketball player

Henry Wingo, American soccer player

Ivey Wingo (1890–1941), American baseball player

Mekhi Wingo (born 2003), American football player

Otis Wingo (1877–1930), U.S. Representative from Arkansas's 4th congressional district

Plennie L. Wingo (1895–1993), walked backwards from Santa Monica, California to Istanbul, Turkey

Rich Wingo (born 1956), American football player

Ryan Wingo (born 2006), American football player

Scott Wingo (born 1989), American baseball player

Trey Wingo (born 1963), sports broadcaster

Scott Wingo
David Scott Wingo (born March 25, 1989) is an American college baseball coach and former professional baseball second baseman. He is currently the recruiting coordinator for the Manhattan Jaspers. Wingo played college baseball at the University of South Carolina from 2008 to 2011 winning back to back NCAA College World Series titles in 2010 and 2011 under head coach Ray Tanner. He then pursued a professional career from 2011 to 2014.
C-Tractor
C-Tractor is a class of fourteen tractor tugs built by North American Shipbuilding Company between 1989 and 1993 for Alpha Marine Services, a subsidiary of Edison Chouest Offshore. The lead ship of the class was William M , also known as C-Tractor 1

C-Tractors measure 189 GT. They are propelled by Z-drive pods, powered by twin EMD 16-645 engines rated at 4,000 shaft horsepower (3,000 kW). The tugs mount fore and aft fire-fighting monitors, capable of pumping a total of 3,500 US gallons per minute (790 m3/h).

In 2005, C-Tractor 1 was sold to Bay-Houston Towing Company and based in Corpus Christi, Texas.  Her sister ships continue to be owned by Alpha Marine; six – C-Tractor 2, C-Tractor 3, C-Tractor 4, C-Tractor 5, C-Tractor 12, C-Tractor 13 – were at one point chartered to the United States Navy.

Deluge gun
A deluge gun, fire monitor, master stream or deck gun is an aimable, controllable high-capacity water jet used for manual firefighting or automatic fire protection systems. Deluge guns are often designed to accommodate foam that has been injected into the upstream piping.
George Vjestica
George Vjestica is a British guitarist and songwriter. He is best known as a member of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, whom he joined in 2013. Outside of his work with Cave, Vjestica has collaborated with Groove Armada, John Squire and KT Tunstall across his career and fronts the band Bandante.

Prior to joining Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds as a full contributing member, Vjestica worked with Nick Cave and Warren Ellis on their film soundtracks for The Proposition and Lawless. Vjestica subsequently contributed to the Bad Seeds' fifteenth studio album, Push the Sky Away (2013), and joined the band on its accompanying tour. Vjestica has remained in the band ever since, contributing to the albums, Skeleton Tree (2016), Ghosteen (2019) and Wild God (2024).

Vjestica worked with the director Lynne Ramsay on the music for her 2025 film, Die My Love, starring Robert Pattinson and Jennifer Lawrence.

The Proposition (soundtrack)
The Proposition is a soundtrack recorded by Nick Cave in collaboration with Warren Ellis, and was produced for the film The Proposition, released in October 2005. At the 2005 AFI Awards it won Best Original Music Score for Cave and Ellis.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006 the soundtrack was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Original Soundtrack, Cast or Show Album.
2024 Women's Softball European Championship
The 2024 Women's Softball European Championship was an international European softball competition held in Utrecht, Netherlands from 1 to 7 September 2024. This was the 24th edition of the Women's Softball European Championship.

Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈytrɛxt] ⓘ), officially the Province of Utrecht (Dutch: Provincie Utrecht), is a province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi), it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht.
Arboshiki
Arboshiki (Georgian: არბოშიკი) is a village in Dedoplistsqaro Municipality, Kakheti region, Georgia. It is located 23 km of Dedoplistsqaro, at an altitude of about 600 m. The population was 1,138 inhabitants in 2014. There are many architectural and archaeological monument. Agriculture is the main part of Arboshiki's economy. The village is also popular place among archaeologists.

Dedoplistsqaro
Dedoplistskaro or Dedoplistsqaro (Georgian: დედოფლისწყარო, pronounced [d̪e̞d̪o̞pʰlis̪tsʼχʼäɾo̞], literally: Queen's spring) is a town in Kakheti, Georgia with a population of 5,940. The town is located in the Shiraki Plain, eastern Georgia, and functions as a municipality of the eponymous district. The majority of the inhabitants are ethnic Georgians.
Zawisza the Black
Zawisza the Black of Garbów, of Sulima coat of arms (c. 1379 – 12 June 1428), was a Polish knight and nobleman who served as a commander and diplomat under Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło and Hungarian-Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg. During his life, he was regarded as a model of knightly virtues and was renowned for winning multiple tournaments.

Tournament (medieval)
A tournament, or tourney (from Old French torneiement, tornei), was a chivalrous competition or mock fight that was common in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (12th to 16th centuries). It is a type of hastilude.

Tournaments included mêlée, hand-to-hand combat, contests of strength or accuracy, and sometimes jousts. Some considered the tournaments to be frivolous pursuits of celebrity, and even a potential threat to public order; but the shows were popular and often put on in honor of coronations, marriages, births, recent conquests or peace treatises, or to welcome ambassadors, lords, or others considered to be of great importance. Other times tournaments were held for no particular reason or simply for entertainment.
Ellen Inga O. Hætta
Ellen Inga Brita Olavsdatter Hætta (17 June 1953 – 22 February 2023) was a Norwegian Sami school principal and a politician representing the Norwegian Conservative Party. She was appointed a ministerial State Secretary serving Erna Solberg in October 2004. In 2010, she was appointed rector of the Sami Secondary School and Reindeer Herding School (Samisk videregående skole og reindriftsskole) in Kautokeino. In June 2014, Thorhild Widvey, the Minister of Culture, appointed her to serve on the new board of NRK, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. She was the first Sami to hold such a position.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Alluvial City, Louisiana
Alluvial City is an Isleño fishing community in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located on the western bank of Bayou la Loutre. Alluvial City is connected to the neighboring community of Yscloskey by the Bayou la Loutre lift bridge, also known as the Yscloskey bridge.

Yscloskey, Louisiana
Yscloskey (IPA: /waɪˈklɒski/ wy-KLOSK-ee), also commonly known as Habitación (IPA: [aβitaˈsjon] ⓘ) in Spanish, is an Isleño fishing community in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community is located near the coast of Lake Borgne on the northeastern bank of Bayou la Loutre and along both sides of Bayou Yscloskey. Following the American Civil War, the community was founded by Isleño hunters, trappers, and fisherman.

Yscloskey is connected to the rest of St. Bernard Parish by the Bayou la Loutre lift bridge, also known as the Yscloskey bridge. The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development considers the bridge eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Yscloskey Hwy, a continuation of Louisiana Highway 46, travels through the eastern half of the community as well as Shell Beach.
5 July 2015 Nigeria attacks
On 5 July 2015, major attacks occurred in Nigeria - in Potiskum, Jos and Borno.

Just before 10am on 5 July 2015, in Potiskum, Yobe State, a suicide bombing occurred at an evangelical church, the Redeemed Christian Church of God. It killed six people, including the bomber.

In the evening of the same day in Jos, Plateau State, a bomb that had been planted in a restaurant exploded, killing 23 people. During the same evening in the same city, a suicide bombing occurred at a mosque, killing 21 people.

On the same day in Borno State, a group of insurgents killed 9 villagers as well as burned down 32 churches and about 300 homes.

Christianity in Nigeria
Christianity in Nigeria represents one of several religious traditions in the country, including Islam and Traditional African religions.

Christianity arrived to Nigeria in the 15th century through Augustinian and Capuchin friars from Portugal. By 2020, it accounted for an estimated 45% of the Nigerian population, two-thirds of which are Protestant. As such, it remains the second-largest religion in Nigeria, behind a 50–55% Muslim majority. According to the Pew Research Center, in 2011, Nigeria had the largest Christian population of any country in Africa, with more than 80 million people in Nigeria belonging to various denominations. Christianity is the majority religion in the southern and central regions of Nigeria. The 2024-2025 Afrobarometer found that the majority of Nigerian Christians were mostly non-denominational.
Plerapsalta
Plerapsalta is a genus of cicadas, also known as ambertails, in the family Cicadidae, subfamily Cicadettinae and tribe Cicadettini. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2012 by Australian entomologist Maxwell Sydney Moulds.

Maxwell Sydney Moulds
Maxwell Sydney Moulds (b. 1941) is an Australian entomologist. The majority of his books are written about cicadas. He led a morphological analysis that found that cicadas separate naturally into clades according to biogeographical area.
Fools Rush In (Where Angels Fear to Tread)
"Fools Rush In" (1940) is a popular song. The lyrics were written by Johnny Mercer with music by Rube Bloom.

History of the song according to The Billboard, September 28, 1940 issue, page 34:
Four years ago (1936) "Fools Rush In" was known as "Shangrila," composed by Rube Bloom and introduced in one of the production numbers at the Chez Paree, Chicago. Little was heard of it until this past summer when Rube played it for Bregman, Vocco and Conn, New York music publishers, who suggested that new lyrics be written. Johnny Mercer was called in and he supplied the words, which have 
been widely accepted by the public. (The words originate in "An Essay on Criticism", written by Alexander Pope in the 18th century.)

An Essay on Criticism
An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744), published in 1711. It is the source of the famous quotations "To err is human; to forgive, divine", "A little learning is a dang'rous thing" (frequently paraphrased as "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing"), and "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread".
Mükerrem Sarol
Mükerrem Sarol (1909 – 8 November 1995) was a Turkish physician and politician. He was one of the founders of the Democrat Party (DP) which ruled Turkey between 1950 and 1960. Kemal Karpat describes him as part of the "rising professionals" within the early DP leadership. Sarol served at the Parliament for three terms during the rule of the DP and was the minister of state from 1954 to 1955 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Sarol was arrested following the military coup on 27 May 1960 and was imprisoned between 1960 and 1965.

1960 Turkish coup d'état
The 1960 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 27 Mayıs Darbesi), also known as the 27 May Revolution (Turkish: 27 Mayıs İhtilali or 27 Mayıs Devrimi), was the first coup d'état in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on 27 May 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madanoğlu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Ragıp Gümüşpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it was led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal Gürsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan.
Pang Un-chol
Pang Un-chol (Korean: 방은철; born 19 January 2001) is a North Korean weightlifter competing in the men's 65 kg category. He won a bronze medal in the men's 60 kg event at the 2025 World Weightlifting Championships held in Førde, Norway. and a gold medal in the men's 55 kg event at the 2024 Asian Weightlifting Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

2025 World Weightlifting Championships
The 2025 World Weightlifting Championships was a weightlifting competition that took place in Førde, Norway from 2 to 11 October 2025.

Athletes representing the Commonwealth Weightlifting Federation (CWF) compete in the World Championships solely for qualification for the XXIII Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in 2026, and their results are not officially considered valid for the world title. They include England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the British Crown Dependencies (Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man) and the British Overseas Territories, under the jurisdiction of the British Weightlifting Federation, but not recognised by the IWF. Belarusian and Russian athletes are participating in the championships under the name Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) due to sanctions imposed for Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The IWF does not include medals won by weightlifters in the official medal count.
Thibault Desseignet
Thibault Desseignet (born September 16, 1998) is a French professional basketball player for Nantes of LNB Pro B.

He joined JL Bourg in 2015. Desseignet injured his shoulder in December 2017. In April 2018 he sprained his ankle and missed some time.

Élite 2 (basketball)
The Élite 2 is the second-tier level men's professional basketball league in France. It is the second division of the Ligue Nationale de Basket (LNB), which has organized the league since the year 1987. The regular season champion and the winner of the promotion playoffs from each Élite 2 season are promoted to the top-tier level LNB Élite, replaced by the bottom two teams in LNB Élite. The two last placed teams are relegated to the third level, which is the NM1.
Boris Lubenov
Boris Lubenov (sometimes listed as Boris Lyubenov, born April 20, 1947) is a Bulgarian sprint canoer who competed from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. He won a bronze medal in the C-2 1000 m event at the 1970 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Copenhagen.

Lubenov also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fifth in the C-1 1000 m event at Mexico City in 1968.

Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's C-1 1000 metres
The men's C-1 1000 metres event was an open-style, individual canoeing event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics program. Heat times were given in tenths of a second (0.1) while the semifinal and final events were given in hundredths of a second (0.01) in the official report.
War at the Warfield
War at the Warfield is a concert video by Slayer which was released on July 29, 2003, through American Recordings. Recorded at Warfield Theatre in San Francisco, California, on December 7, 2001, it is the band's second video album. The DVD's contents were announced by MTV on July 25, 2003. It is the last release by Slayer with drummer Paul Bostaph (before he came back in 2013), who left due to a chronic elbow injury. Bostaph was subsequently replaced by original Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo. War at the Warfield was well received by critics, debuting at number three on the Billboard DVD chart, and sold over 7,000 copies in its first week. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 50,000 copies in the United States. It also won a 2003 Metal Edge Readers' Choice Award for DVD of the Year.

American Recordings (record label)
American Recordings (formerly Def American Recordings, Inc.) is an American record label headed by producer Rick Rubin. The label has featured artists such as Slayer, the Black Crowes, ZZ Top, Danzig, Trouble, Tom Petty, Johnny Cash, The Mother Hips, and System of a Down.
Aldo Beckman Award for Journalistic Excellence
The Aldo Beckman Award for Journalistic Excellence is an annual award sponsored by the White House Correspondents' Association. Established in 1981, it recognizes "a correspondent who personifies the journalistic excellence and personal qualities of Aldo Beckman". Described by CBS News as "one of journalism's most prestigious awards", past recipients include David E. Sanger, Mark Knoller, Glenn Thrush, Kenneth T. Walsh, and Carl M. Cannon.

The full list of winners can be found in Awards section of the White House Correspondents' Association article.

Glenn Thrush
Glenn Thrush (born April 6, 1967) is an American journalist, pundit, and author. He is a reporter for The New York Times covering the Department of Justice and was formerly a White House correspondent. He is also a contributor for MSNBC, and was previously chief political correspondent at Politico and a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine.

In late 2017, The New York Times suspended Thrush while the paper investigated allegations of sexually inappropriate behavior reported in Vox. Thrush was allowed to return several months later in a different position from his prior White House beat.
C9orf3
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 3 (C9ORF3) also known as aminopeptidase O (APO) is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the C9ORF3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an aminopeptidase which is most closely related in sequence to leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). APO is a member of the M1 metalloproteinase family.

Angiotensin
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

An oligopeptide, angiotensin is a hormone and a dipsogen. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver. Angiotensin was isolated in the late 1930s (first named "angiotonin" or "hypertensin", later renamed "angiotensin" as a consensus by the 2 groups that independently discovered it) and subsequently characterized and synthesized by groups at the Cleveland Clinic and Ciba laboratories.
Perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.144) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (-)-perillyl alcohol and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are (-)-perillaldehyde, reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is perillyl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called perillyl alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in limonene and pinene degradation.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.