hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Somkiat Pongpaiboon
Somkiat Pongpaiboon (Thai script: สมเกียรติ พงษ์ไพบูลย์; 12 January 1950 – 14 November 2021) was a Thai Professor at Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. He became a member of the Thai House of Representatives in 2007 from Democrat Party and a leader of the People's Alliance for Democracy, and the co-founder of the Mass Party. Somkiat was an advocate for the poor and a major critic of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Michael Joseph Muldowney
Michael Joseph Muldowney (August 10, 1889 – March 30, 1947) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  In 1894, he moved with his parents to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  He was graduated from Duquesne University in Pittsburgh in 1908.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives from 1925 to 1929.  He served in the city council of Pittsburgh from 1930 to 1933.

Muldowney was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-third Congress, but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1934.  He was a member of the State board of mercantile appraisers from 1935 to 1937.  He was appointed as the State Unemployment Compensation Referee in 1940 and served in that capacity until his death in Pittsburgh.  Muldowney was interred at Calvary Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

73rd United States Congress
The 73rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933, to January 3, 1935, during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Because of the newly ratified 20th Amendment, the duration of this Congress, along with the term of office of those elected to it, was shortened by 60 days. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

The Democrats greatly increased their majority in the House, and won control of the Senate for the first time since the 65th Congress in 1917. With Franklin D. Roosevelt being sworn in as president on March 4, 1933, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta, also for the first time since the 65th Congress.
Astley baronets of Patshull (1662)
The Astley Baronetcy, of Patshull in the County of Stafford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 13 August 1662 for Richard Astley. The second Baronet represented Shrewsbury and Shropshire in the House of Commons. The title became extinct on his death in 1772.

Shropshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Shropshire (a.k.a. Salop) was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Knights of the Shire. It was split into North Shropshire and South Shropshire in 1832.
John Gregson (politician)
John Compton Gregson (c. March 1821 – 16 December 1867) was a politician, member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly 1856 to 1859 and the Tasmanian Legislative Council 1859 to 1864.

Gregson was the eldest son of Thomas George Gregson Premier of Tasmania in 1857.
Gregson was Chairman of Quarter Sessions at Launceston until being elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly for Norfolk Plains on 13 September 1856, a position he held until 11 May 1859. Gregson was Attorney-General in his father's Administration, which only lasted from February to April 1857.

Gregson was then elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council for Cambridge on 11 May 1859 and retired on 18 January 1864. He was Solicitor-General from 1864 to 1867.

Gregson died at his residence aged 46 years and 9 months.

Electoral district of Norfolk Plains
The Electoral district of Norfolk Plains was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based near the town of Longford to the south of Launceston, Tasmania's second city, and also included the towns of Carrick and Perth.

The seat was created ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished at the 1886 election, being replaced with the new Longford seat.
John C. H. Grabill
John C. H. Grabill (1849 – 23 August 1903) was an American photographer, known for his historical photographs, most of which were taken in South Dakota. He was born at Donnelsville, Ohio in 1849, the youngest son of David Grabill, a carpenter by his wife Catherine, née Kay. By 1860 the family had relocated to Champaign, Illinois where Grabill spent his formative years. He was involved in mining in Pitkin and Chaffee Counties in Colorado.

Grabill had studios in Buena Vista, Colorado, Sturgis, Deadwood, Lead City and Hot Springs, South Dakota and Chicago, Illinois. He was the official photographer of the Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad and the Homestake Mining Company in South Dakota. Between 1887 and 1892 Grabill sent 188 photographs to the Library of Congress for copyright protection. These photographs are now in the public domain.

Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad
The Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad (BH&FP) was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad in the Black Hills of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It was created by the Homestake Mining Company and initially ran from Lead to Calcite and Piedmont by way of Elk Creek. An alternate route was established to Piedmont and Calcite by way of Nemo and Stagebarn Canyon after numerous washouts made the Elk Creek route unviable. There was also a branch from the Nemo line connecting Este with a logging camp at Merritt. The railroad had 6.180 miles (9.946 km) of dual gauge track (with 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge trackage) and another 47.618 miles (76.634 km) of 3 ft (914 mm) track; the total amount of track was 53.798 miles (86.579 km).
Ronald Hardy
Ronald Harold Hardy (16 November 1919 – October 1991) was an English novelist and screenwriter. His first novel The Place of Jackals was published in 1954 to acclaim. Hardy drew on his experiences as a liaison officer in Indochina during World War II in the writing of this novel. A review in Time magazine claimed that the novel "establishes him as Graham Greene's No. 1 disciple."

Hardy won the 1962 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his fifth novel Act of Destruction. Besides his nine works of fiction, he wrote one non-fiction book about the construction of the Uganda Railway entitled The Iron Snake.

Hardy was also a TV screenwriter, with Suspense and Armchair Theatre among his credits. He qualified as a Certified Public Accountant before turning to writing. He married Betty Beattie and they had a son called David.  After their marriage ended he married Joyce Cook and had two children, Christopher and Christine.

Armchair Theatre
Armchair Theatre is a British television drama anthology series of single plays that ran on the ITV network from 1956 to 1974. It was originally produced by ABC Weekend TV. Its successor Thames Television took over from mid-1968.

The Canadian-born producer Sydney Newman was in charge of Armchair Theatre between September 1958 and December 1962, during what is generally considered to have been its best era, and produced 152 episodes.
Rufous-headed tanager
The rufous-headed tanager (Hemithraupis ruficapilla) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Brazil.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Lantian County
Lantian County (simplified Chinese: 蓝田县; traditional Chinese: 藍田縣; pinyin: Lántián Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province, China. It is the easternmost and second-most spacious (after Zhouzhi County) of the 13 county-level divisions of Xi'an. The county borders the prefecture-level cities of Weinan to the northeast and Shangluo to the southeast, Lintong District to the north, Chang'an District to the west, and Baqiao District to the northwest.

Weinan
Weinan (Chinese: 渭南; pinyin: Wèinán) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Shaanxi province, northwest China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about 60 km (37 mi) east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shanxi and Henan to the east.

The name "Weinan", literally meaning "south of the Wei River", describes the location of the city's urban districts being mostly south of the Wei River, although majority of its metropolitan area actually lies on the north side of the river.
Dimitar Sagaev
Dimitar Konstantinov Sagaev (27 February 1915 in Plovdiv – 28 October 2003 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian composer and pedagogue.

He was born in the family of the writer and dramaturge Konstantin Sagaev, the founder of the first Bulgarian acting school. From 1931 he studied Piano and Music theory under Asen Dimitrov. He continued his later piano studies with Dimitar Nenov. In 1941 he graduated from the Bulgarian musical academy. There he was thought by preeminent pedagogues like Pancho Vladigerov (composition), Vesselin Stoianov (orchestration), Panka Pelishek (piano) and Tamara Iankova (piano). His works include operas, symphonies and 24 instrumental concertos.

Pancho Vladigerov
Pancho Haralanov Vladigerov (or Wladigeroff, Wladigerow, Vladiguerov, Vladigueroff; Bulgarian: Панчо Хараланов Владигеров [ˈpant͡ʃo xɐrɐˈɫanov vɫɐdiˈɡɛrof]; 13 March 1899 – 8 September 1978) was a Bulgarian composer, pedagogue, and pianist.

Vladigerov is arguably the most influential Bulgarian composer of all time. He was one of the first to successfully combine idioms of Bulgarian folk music and classical music. Part of the so-called Second Generation Bulgarian Composers, he was among the founding members of the Bulgarian Contemporary Music Society (1933), which later became the Union of Bulgarian Composers. Vladigerov marked the beginning of a number of genres in Bulgarian music, including the violin sonata and the piano trio. He was also a very respected pedagogue; his students include practically all notable Bulgarian composers of the next generation, such as Alexander Raichev, Alexander Yossifov, Stefan Remenkov, and many others, as well as the pianist Alexis Weissenberg.
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis, also known as TB meningitis or tubercular meningitis, is a specific type of bacterial meningitis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the meninges—the system of membranes which envelop the central nervous system.

Mesothelium
The mesothelium is a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelial cells of mesodermal origin, which forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (pleural cavity around the lungs), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity including the mesentery, greater and lesser omentum, falciform ligament and the perimetrium) and pericardium (around the heart).

Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male testis (as the tunica vaginalis) and occasionally the spermatic cord (in a patent processus vaginalis).  Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while one that covers the surrounding body walls is called the parietal mesothelium.  The mesothelium that secretes serous fluid as a main function is also known as a serosa.
Razmik Grigoryan (footballer)
Razmik Grigoryan (Armenian: Ռազմիկ Գրիգորյան, born 11 October 1971) is an Armenian football midfielder. He was a member of the Armenia national team, and has participated in 14 international matches and scored 2 goals since his debut on 15 May 1994 in an away friendly match against the USA. He scored the first official goal for the Armenia national team after independence on 10 May 1995.

Armenia national football team
The Armenia national football team (Armenian: Հայաստանի ֆուտբոլի ազգային հավաքական) represents Armenia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia, the governing body for football in Armenia.

After gaining independence from the Soviet Union, the team played its first international match on 12 October 1992. The national team has participated in the qualification of every major tournament from the UEFA Euro 1996 onwards, though they are yet to qualify for the final stages of either a UEFA European Football Championship or a FIFA World Cup. The team's main achievements have been third-place finish in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying stage, and being promoted to the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League B.

The primary training ground is at the Technical Center-Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia in the northern Avan District of the capital Yerevan, and the team plays their home matches at the Republican Stadium.
Unannovu
Unannovu or Hunanav (Armenian: Հունանավ, also Hunanavan, Հունանավան) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. Prior to a 2023 offensive by Azerbaijan, the village was located in a new corridor between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, controlled by Russian peacekeepers, that replaced the Lachin corridor in August 2022.

Lachin District
39°38′0″N 46°33′0″E﻿ / ﻿39.63333°N 46.55000°E﻿ / 39.63333; 46.55000

Lachin District (Azerbaijani: Laçın rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country, belonging to the East Zangezur Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Kalbajar, Khojaly, Shusha, Khojavend, Qubadli, and the Syunik Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Lachin. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 78,600.

The territory of the district was established in 1930 and given the status of a district. The district was occupied by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh from 1992 until late 2020, when the district was surrendered to Azerbaijan per the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement which ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War. A small part of the district, excluding its capital, called the Lachin corridor was controlled by a Russian peacekeeping force until 2024.
Ninemile Creek (Juneau, Alaska)
Ninemile Creek is a river on Douglas Island in the City and Borough of Juneau, Alaska, United States.  Its origin is in hills to the southeast and it flows northwest to Gastineau Channel near West Juneau. It is 1.2 miles (1.9 km) east of Entrance Point and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) northwest of the city of Juneau.

Gastineau Channel
Gastineau Channel (Lingít: Séet Ká) is a channel between the mainland of the U.S. state of Alaska and Douglas Island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska. It separates Juneau on the mainland side from Douglas (now part of Juneau), on Douglas Island. The first European to sight the channel was Joseph Whidbey whilst serving on the Royal Navy's Vancouver Expedition early in August 1794, first from the south and later from the west. It was probably named for John Gastineau, an English civil engineer and surveyor.
C. Srinivasa Iyengar
C. Srinivasa Iyengar was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Paramakudi constituency in 1962 election.

Paramakudi Assembly constituency
Paramakudi is a state assembly constituency in Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. It is reserved for the Scheduled Castes. It is a component of Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.

Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.
Doina clarkei
Doina clarkei is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Luis E. Parra and Héctor Ibarra-Vidal in 1991. It is found in Chile.

Adults are on wing from November to January.

The larvae feed on Nothofagus obliqua.

Nothofagus obliqua
Nothofagus obliqua, commonly known as Patagonian oak, roble, pellín, roble pellín, and hualle in its early state of growth or roble beech, is a deciduous tree from Chile and Argentina. It grows from 33 to 43° south latitude. The northern extent of this tree's range in Chile is considered to be the Vizcachas Mountains and La Campana National Park. N. obliqua was proposed to be renamed Lophozonia obliqua in 2013.
Alvis Tactica
The Alvis Tactica is a 4x4 or 6x6 wheeled military vehicle produced by GKN Defense, Alvis plc and later by BAE Systems Land Systems. The vehicle was designed by Glover Webb and introduced in 1988. It comes in a number of variants including APC and Internal Security and Riot Control. The platform is no longer produced by BAE Systems.

BAE Systems Platforms & Services
BAE Systems Platforms & Services is a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems Inc. and is a large provider of tracked and wheeled armored combat vehicles, naval guns, naval ship repair and modernization, artillery and missile launching systems, advanced precision strike munitions and ordnance, and other technologies for US and international customers.

It was created on 24 June 2005, following the completion of BAE Systems' acquisition of United Defense in 2004 and its merger with BAE Systems Land Systems. In 2007, BAE Systems acquired Armor Holdings adding to the size of Land & Armaments significantly.

Until April 2003, BAE Systems was a relatively small player in the land systems industry.  As a result of the acquisitions, it is now one of the largest land systems defence contractors in the world.
Paravitrea clappi
Paravitrea clappi is a species of land snail in the family Zonitidae, the true glass snails. It is known as the Mirey Ridge supercoil. This species is endemic to the United States, where it is known from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the Appalachian Mountains.

Zonitidae
Zonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea.

Zonitidae is the only family in the superfamily Zonitoidea. The family's type genus is Zonites, established by Pierre Denys de Montfort in 1810. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
North Carolina Highway 137
North Carolina Highway 137 (NC 137) is a 8.6-mile-long (13.8 km) highway entirely in Gates County, North Carolina. NC 137 runs from NC 37 in Gatesville to US Highway 13/US Highway 158 (US 13/US 158) north of Winton.

Winton, North Carolina
Winton is a town in and the county seat of Hertford County, North Carolina, United States. It is governed by the Town Council which consists of a Mayor and five Council members. As of the 2020 census, Winton had a population of 629.
Brazilian Dental Journal
The Brazilian Dental Journal is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of dentistry. It is abstracted and indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed. The publication of this journal is financially supported by the Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, the Programa de Apoio a Publicações Científicas do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,> the Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. The editors-in-chief are Jesus Djalma Pécora, Paulo Cesar Saquy, and Manoel Damião de Sousa Neto.

MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution.

Compiled by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE is freely available on the Internet and searchable via PubMed and NLM's National Center for Biotechnology Information's Entrez system.
Republic of Saugeais
The Republic of Saugeais (French: La République du Saugeais, pronounced [so.ʒɛ]; Arpitan: Rèpublica libra dou Sâget) is a self-proclaimed micronation located in eastern France, in the département of Doubs. The republic comprises the 11 municipalities of Les Alliés, Arçon, Bugny, La Chaux-de-Gilley, Gilley, Hauterive-la-Fresse, La Longeville, Montflovin, Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont, Ville-du-Pont, and its capital Montbenoît.

Ville-du-Pont
Ville-du-Pont (French pronunciation: [vil dy pɔ̃]; Arpitan: La Vla-du-Pon) is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. It was merged into the new commune Pays-de-Montbenoît on 1 January 2025.
Pierre Ngendandumwe
Pierre Ngendandumwe (1930 – 15 January 1965) was a Burundian politician and statesman who served as the Prime Minister of Burundi in two terms, first from 1963 to 1964 and second for only eight days in January 1965.

An ethnic Hutu, he was a member of the Union for National Progress political party. On 18 June 1963, about a year after Burundi gained independence and amidst efforts to bring about political cooperation between Hutus and the dominant minority Tutsis, Ngendandumwe became Burundi's first Hutu prime minister. He served as prime minister until 6 April 1964 and then became prime minister again on 7 January 1965, serving until his death. Eight days after beginning his second term, he was assassinated by a Rwandan Tutsi refugee.

Dominant minority
A dominant minority, also called elite dominance,  is a minority group that has overwhelming political, economic, or cultural dominance in a country, despite representing a small fraction of the overall population (a demographic minority). The term is most commonly used to refer to an ethnic group that is defined along racial, national, religious, cultural or tribal lines and that holds a disproportionate amount of power and wealth compared to the rest of the population.

In contrast, minority rule, of less permanency and with no basis in race or ethnicity, is often seen when a political party holds a majority in political structures and decisions, but receiving less than the majority of votes in an election. At the district level, Election by plurality as opposed to majority is common in self described democracies despite this type of minority rule thereby being frequently produced in the legislative chamber.