hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Won-sik
Won-sik, also spelled Won-shik, is a Korean given name.

Min Won-sik (1886–1921), Joseon Dynasty official and journalist

Im Won-sik (1919–2002), Korean conductor, composer, and musical pedagogue

Chung Won-shik (born 1928), South Korean politician, 23rd Prime Minister

Woo Won-shik (born 1957), South Korean politician with the Minjoo Party of Korea

Lee Won-shik (born 1973), South Korean footballer

Kim Won-sik (born 1991), South Korean footballer

Ravi (rapper) (born Kim Won-shik, 1993), South Korean singer and rapper, ex-member of boy band VIXX

Im Won-sik
Im Won-sik (Korean: 임원식; Hanja: 林元植; June 24, 1919 – August 26, 2002) was a South Korean conductor, composer, and musical pedagogue. According to his obituary in the Asahi Shimbun, Im was the "father of the Korean classical music world"; he has also been referred to as "Korea's Toscanini."
2014 Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad – Doubles
Jamie Murray and John Peers were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Facundo Bagnis and Federico Delbonis.
Andre Begemann and Robin Haase won the title, defeating Rameez Junaid and Michal Mertiňák in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Rameez Junaid
Rameez Junaid (born 25 May 1981) is an Australian professional tennis player of Pakistani descent.

Junaid is based in Melbourne, Victoria, and is currently ranked in the world’s top 100 in doubles.  His doubles partners have included Philipp Marx, Adil Shamasdin and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi (in Dubai in 2007).
COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias
The COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias was part of the Spanish outbreak of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.

As of 17 February 2021, there were 41,983 cases with 1,683 deaths in Asturias according to authorities.

The peak of the pandemic's first wave arrived on 16 April, with 1,405 active cases, and on 27 June, Asturias was the first Spanish autonomous community to be declared COVID-free region, with only 45 active cases and after accumulating 14 days without any new positive cases reported. However, on 7 July and 25 days after, a positive case was detected in Oviedo.

Laviana
Laviana (Asturian: Llaviana) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, located in Spain. It is bordered on the north by Bimenes and Nava, on the south by Aller, on the east by Piloña and Sobrescobio, and on the west by San Martín del Rey Aurelio and Mieres.

Situated in the basin of the Rio Nalon, it is a terminal for the FC de Langreo railway, now part of FEVE, which connects it to the port of Gijón.
Vakhrushi
Vakhrushi (Russian: Вахруши) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Slobodskoy District of Kirov Oblast, Russia. Population:  9,715 (2010 Census); 10,654 (2002 Census); 12,269 (1989 Soviet census).

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Cléber
Cléber is a masculine given name, common in Brazil.

People with the name, several known as "Cléber", include:

Cléber Guedes de Lima (born 1974), Brazilian footballer

Cléber (footballer, born March 1982), Cléber Ferreira Manttuy, Brazilian football defender

Cléber (footballer, born August 1982), Cléber Luis Alberti, Brazilian football goalkeeper

Cléber (footballer, born 1990), Cléber Janderson Pereira Reis (born 1990), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Nascimento da Silva (born 1986), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Nelson de Andrade Raphaelli, also known as Cléber Gaúcho (born 1974), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Resende de Oliveira (born 1979), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Américo da Conceição (born 1969), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Monteiro (born 1980), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Santana (born 1981), Brazilian footballer

Cléber Schwenck Tiene (born 1979), Brazilian footballer

Cléber (footballer, born 1980)
Cléber Monteiro de Oliveira (born 23 May 1980 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais), known simply as Cléber, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played mainly as a defensive midfielder. He also held Portuguese citizenship, due to the many years spent in that country.
Up-and-down procedure
Up-and-down procedure (or method) for toxicology tests in medicine is an alternative to the LD50 test, in which animals are used for acute toxicity testing. It requires fewer animals to achieve similar accuracy as the LD50 test because animals are dosed one at a time. If the first animal survives, the dose for the next animal is increased; if it dies, the dose is decreased. It is usual to observe each animal for 1 or 2 days before dosing the next animal, however, surviving animals should be monitored for  7 days in case of delayed death. The up-and-down method is not recommended where deaths beyond 2 days are the norm. The US EPA provides a statistical program to calculate the oral LD50 and 95% Confidence Limits called AOT425StatPgm. This program will notify the user when a stopping criteria has been met, while being able to generate statistically valid LD50, using fewer animals.  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has begun to approve non-animal alternatives.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Rishi
In Indian religions, a rishi (Sanskrit: ऋषि IAST: ṛṣi) is an accomplished and enlightened person. They find mention in various Vedic texts. Rishis are believed to have composed hymns of the Vedas. The Post-Vedic tradition of Hinduism regards the rishis as "great yogis" or "sages" who after intense meditation (tapas) realized the supreme truth and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns. The term appears in Pali literature as Isi; in Buddhism they can be either Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, Arahats or a monk of high rank.

Pratyekabuddhayāna
Pratyekabuddhayāna (Sanskrit: प्रत्येकबुद्धयान; traditional Chinese: 緣覺乘; ; pinyin: Yuánjué Chéng) is a Buddhist term for the mode or vehicle of enlightenment of a pratyekabuddha or paccekabuddha (Sanskrit and Pali respectively), a term which literally means "solitary buddha" or "a buddha on their own" (prati- each, eka-one). The pratyekabuddha is an individual who independently achieves liberation without the aid of teachers or guides and who does not teach others. Pratyekabuddhas may give moral teachings but do not bring others to enlightenment. They leave no sangha (i.e. community) as a legacy to carry on the Dhamma (e.g. Buddha's teachings).
Boophis rhodoscelis
Boophis rhodoscelis is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae.

It is endemic to Madagascar.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.
2024 Kentucky Senate election
The 2024 Kentucky Senate election was held on November 5, 2024. The Republican and Democratic primary elections were held on May 21. Half of the senate (all odd-numbered seats) was up for election. Following the 2022 election, Republicans and Democrats held 31 and seven seats, respectively. The deadline for candidates to file was January 5, 2024. Republicans maintained their majority in the chamber without gaining or losing any seats.

A numbered map of the senate districts can be viewed at the Kentucky Senate site.

National Right to Life Committee
The National Right to Life Committee (NRLC) is the oldest and largest national anti-abortion organization in the United States with affiliates in all 50 states and more than 3,000 local chapters nationwide.

Since the 1980s, NRLC has influenced abortion policy at national and state levels through campaign financing of anti-abortion (and almost exclusively Republican) candidates and writing model legislation that would restrict or ban abortion.
Sunke Ravi Shankar
Sunke Ravi Shankar is an Indian politician from Telangana. He was elected as member of the Telangana Legislative Assembly from Choppadandi Assembly constituency in Karimnagar district  in 2018 Telangana Assembly elections.

Telangana Legislative Assembly
The Telangana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Telangāṇa Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the Telangana Legislature. The Legislative Assembly of Telangana currently consists of 119 elected members.

The members of the Vidhana Sabha are directly elected by people through adult franchise. Each constituency elects one member of the assembly. Members are popularly known as M.L.A.s. The assembly is elected using the simple plurality or "first past the post" electoral system. The elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India.
Krzepocin Pierwszy
Krzepocin Pierwszy [kʂɛˈpɔt͡ɕin ˈpjɛrfʂɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyca, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south-west of Łęczyca and 34 km (21 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca County
Łęczyca County (Polish: powiat łęczycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Łęczyca, which lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 774 square kilometres (298.8 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population was 53,435, out of which the population of Łęczyca was 15,423 and the rural population was 38,012.
Valarie Allman
Valarie Carolyn Allman (born February 23, 1995) is an American track and field athlete specializing in the discus throw. She is a two time Olympic champion, having won the gold medal at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics and 2024 Paris Olympics. Allman won the gold medal at the 2025 World Athletics Championships held in Tokyo.

She also won bronze at the 2022 World Athletics Championships, making her the first American woman to win a world championship medal in the discus throw, and later a silver medal at the 2023 World Championships. She is the North American record holder for the event.

2023 World Athletics Championships
The 2023 World Athletics Championships (Hungarian: 2023-as atlétikai világbajnokság), the nineteenth edition of the World Athletics Championships, were held from 19 to 27 August 2023 at the National Athletics Centre, in Budapest, Hungary. The tournament returned to its usual two-year cycle after the previous event in Eugene, Oregon, United States was postponed to 2022, held 13 months earlier due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

These are the first World Athletics Championships in Hungary. The city of Budapest had previously stated an interest in hosting the 2007 World Championships, but withdrew and it was eventually held in Osaka.
2006 International Darts League
The 2006 Topic International Darts League was a darts tournament held at the Triavium in Nijmegen, Netherlands, from 6 to 14 May 2006. The tournament was sponsored by Topic, a Dutch-based electronics, software and hardware manufacturer.

It began as a tournament for BDO players, but Dutch broadcaster SBS-6 invited five PDC/non-WDF players to this event for the first time, with Raymond van Barneveld's switch to the PDC earlier in the year being a vital part of that decision.

Nijmegen
Nijmegen (/ˈnaɪmeɪɡən/ NY-may-gən, Dutch: [ˈnɛimeːɣə(n)] ⓘ; Nijmeegs: Nimwèège [ˈnɪmβ̞ɛːçə]) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands and the first to be recognized as such in Roman times. In 2005, it celebrated 2,000 years of existence.

Nijmegen became a free imperial city in 1230 and a Hanseatic city in 1402. Since 1923 it has been a university city with the opening of a Catholic institution now known as the Radboud University Nijmegen. The city is well known for the annual Vierdaagse — the International Four Days Marches Nijmegen event.

Its population as of 2024 was 187,011.
Left for Dead (Crazy Horse album)
Left for Dead is a 1989 album released by the group Crazy Horse.

For the last Crazy Horse studio album until the iTunes only release Trick Horse in 2009, Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina teamed up with singer/songwriter/guitarist Sonny Mone.

Made while Crazy Horse guitarist Frank "Poncho" Sampedro was otherwise engaged with Neil Young (having been the only member of Crazy Horse that Young did not fire from his late-eighties band the Bluenotes), Left For Dead was the first Crazy Horse album in 11 years and the album's title was a defiant statement of alienation felt by the other band members having been left behind. In 1990, Talbot and Molina would again reunite with Young and Sampedro for Ragged Glory.

Frank Sampedro
Frank "Poncho" Sampedro  (born Manuel Francisco Sampedro de Victoria; February 25, 1949) is an American guitarist and a former member of the rock band Crazy Horse, he is known mainly for his longtime collaboration with singer-songwriter Neil Young. Sampedro has played and recorded with Young in many other configurations aside from Crazy Horse and earned co-writing credits on several Young songs. Out of all Young's musical collaborators (aside from the late pedal steel guitarist Ben Keith), Sampedro has perhaps proven the most adept at working with the mercurial artist.
Philip's Music Writer
In computing, Philip's Music Writer or PMW, formerly known as Philip's Music Scribe or PMS, is a music scorewriter written by Philip Hazel. It was mentioned in the Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities publication Computing in Musicology in 1993 and as of 2025 remains under active development and is available as free software.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Holiday Inaugural Stakes
The Holiday Inaugural Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in late November or early December at Turfway Park in Florence, Kentucky. It is a Listed race. The race has been run for over 30 years.

Florence, Kentucky
Florence is a city in Boone County, Kentucky, United States, part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The population was 31,946 at the 2020 census, making it the second-most populous city in Northern Kentucky, the eighth-most populous city in Kentucky and the state's most populous that is not a county seat. Like all but the state's two most populous cities, Florence is a home rule-class city under Kentucky state law.
Sayaun Thunga Phulka
"Sayaun Thunga Phulka" is the national anthem of Nepal. It was officially adopted as the anthem on 3 August 2007 during a ceremony held at the conference hall of National Planning Commission, inside Singha Durbar, by the speaker of the interim parliament, Subash Chandra Nembang. The previous national anthem "Shriman Gambhir" was adopted in 1962 but was dropped following the treaty of the monarchy.

The lyrics of the national anthem were penned by the poet Pradip Kumar Rai, who went by his alias Byakul Maila. The music was composed by Amber Gurung. The theme of the national anthem praises Nepalese sovereignty, unity, courage, pride, scenic beauty, progress, peace, cultural and biological diversity, and respect. In August 2016, the BBC ranked Nepal's national anthem third in its list of Rio 2016: The most amazing national anthems, citing its musical differences compared to other anthems.

Subaschandra Nemwang
Subas Chandra Nembang (Limbu) (Nepali: सुवासचन्द्र नेम्वाङ (लिम्बु); 11 March 1953 – 12 September 2023) was a Nepalese politician who served as chairman of Constituent Assembly of Nepal. He was the first elected Free Students Union chairman of Mahendra Ratna Campus in Ilam and also elected as general secretary of Nepal Bar Association in 2023. He died on Tuesday 12 September 2023 because of heart attack.
Medunefer
Medunefer (fl. c. 2500 BC) was an ancient Egyptian eye-physician who lived in the Old Kingdom. Medunefer is only known from his mastaba excavated by Selim Hassan in Giza. This mastaba is a simple rectangular block with just a small inner chapel. The only decorated part that survived is a door lintel showing Medunefer sitting. There is also a short inscription listing Medunefer's titles. According to the text, he was king's acquaintance, master of the secrets of the palace, leader of the eye physicians of the palace and physician of the palace. There is not much else known about him. A more precise dating is not possible as of now.

Selim Hassan
Selim Hassan (Arabic: سليم حسن; born on 15 April 1886 – 1961) was an Egyptian Egyptologist.

He was the first native Egyptian to be appointed Professor of Egyptology at the University of Cairo, a post he held from 1936 to 1939. He was then made Deputy-Director of the Antiquities Service.

He wrote the 18-volume Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt in Arabic and supervised the excavation of many ancient Egyptian tombs under the auspices of Cairo University.
Herman Boerhaave
Herman Boerhaave (Dutch: [ˈɦɛrmɑm ˈbuːrˌɦaːvə], 31 December 1668 – 23 September 1738) was a Dutch chemist, botanist, Christian humanist, and physician. He is sometimes regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital along with Venetian physician Santorio Santorio (1561–1636). Boerhaave introduced the quantitative approach into medicine, along with his pupil Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777). He was the first to isolate the chemical urea from urine. He was the first physician to put thermometer measurements to clinical practice. His motto was Simplex veri sigillum: 'Simplicity is the sign of the truth'. He is often hailed as the "Dutch Hippocrates".

Santorio Santorio
Santorio Santorio  (29 March 1561 – 25 February 1636) whose real name was Santorio Santori (or de' Sanctoriis) better known in English as Sanctorius of Padua was an Italian physiologist, physician, and professor, who introduced the quantitative approach into the life sciences and is considered the father of experimental physiology. He is also known as the inventor of several medical devices. His work De Statica Medicina, written in 1614, saw many publications and influenced generations of physicians.
Electric blue (color)
Electric blue is a color whose definition varies but is often considered close to cyan, and which is a representation of the color of lightning, an electric spark, and the color of ionized argon gas; it was originally named after the ionized air glow produced during electrical discharges, though its meaning has broadened to include shades of blue that are metaphorically "electric" by virtue of being "intense" or particularly "vibrant". Electric arcs can cause a variety of color emissions depending on the gases involved, but blue and purple are typical colors produced in the troposphere where oxygen and nitrogen dominate.

The first recorded use of electric blue as a color name in English was in 1845. The color electric blue (the version shown below as medium electric blue) was in vogue in the 1890s.

Electric discharge
In electromagnetism, an  electric discharge is the release and transmission of electricity in an applied electric field through a medium such as a gas (i.e., an outgoing flow of electric current through a non-metal medium).
History of equity and trusts
The law of trusts was constructed as a part of "Equity", a body of principles that arose in the Courts of Chancery, which sought to correct the strictness of the common law. The trust was an addition to the law of property, in the situation where one person held legal title to property but the courts decided it was fair just or "equitable" that this person be compelled to use it for the benefit of another. This recognised as a split between legal and beneficial ownership: the legal owner was referred to as a "trustee" (because he was "entrusted" with property) and the beneficial owner was the "beneficiary".

English property law
English property law is the law of acquisition, sharing and protection of valuable assets in England and Wales. While part of the United Kingdom, many elements of Scots property law are different. In England, property law encompasses four main topics:

English land law, or the law of "real property"

English trusts law

English personal property law

United Kingdom intellectual property law

Property in land is the domain of the law of real property. The law of personal property is particularly important for commercial law and insolvency. Trusts affect everything in English property law. Intellectual property is also an important branch of the law of property. For unregistered land see Unregistered land in English law.
Desventuradas Islands
The Desventuradas Islands (Spanish: Islas Desventuradas, IPA: [ˈislas ðesβentuˈɾaðas], "Unfortunate Islands" or Islas de los Desventurados, "Islands of the Unfortunate Ones") is a group of four small oceanic islands located 850 kilometres (530 mi) off the coast of Chile, northwest of Santiago in the Pacific Ocean. They are considered part of Insular Chile.

Due to their isolation and difficulty of access there are no civilian settlements on these islands, but a detachment of the Chilean Navy is stationed on Isla San Félix, which also hosts the 2,000-metre (6,600 ft) Isla San Felix Airport.

Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy (Spanish: Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso.