hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barbara Massalska
Barbara Massalska (1 January 1927 – 20 March 1980) was a Polish artist and teacher at the State High School of Plastic Arts (SHSPA), Gdańsk (now Gdańsk Academy of Fine Arts (pl:Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku)).

In her youth she took part in the Warsaw uprising as a member of the Gray Ranks.

After graduating from the SHSPA in 1953, she continued to work at the school, where she directed workshops on murals and paintings. Her artistic interests included mosaics, murals, sgraffitos, paintings, and stained glass.

In addition to her paintings being exhibited at national and international exhibitions and held in the collections at the Malbork Castle collection and at the National Museum, Gdańsk, she has  stained glass windows in St Barbara's Church, Gdansk, and St Joseph's Church Gdansk. One of her sgraffito is on No. 26 Long Market: Lady on a horse and musicians, Gdansk.

National Museum, Gdańsk
The National Museum in Gdańsk (Polish: Muzeum Narodowe w Gdańsku), established in 1972 in Gdańsk (although the history goes back the third quarter of 19th century), is one of the main branches of Poland's national museum system.
Szymalów
Szymalów (Polish pronunciation: [ʂɨˈmaluf]) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Złocieniec, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Złocieniec, 24 km (15 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 105 km (65 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County and "Warlang-Heinrichsdorf Domain".

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Hồ Đức Phớc
Hồ Đức Phớc (Vietnamese pronunciation: [hò ɗɯ̌k fɤ̌k]; born November 1, 1963) is a Vietnamese politician and Doctor of Economics. He is currently Deputy Prime Minister, a member of the 15th National Assembly of Vietnam. In the Communist Party of Vietnam, he is a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, term XIII. He used to be the State Auditor General, Secretary of the Party Personnel Committee of the State Audit Committee.

15th National Assembly of Vietnam
The 15th National Assembly of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Quốc hội Việt Nam khóa XV, lit. 'National Assembly of Vietnam XV'; less formally the 15th National Assembly - Vietnamese: Quốc hội khóa XV, lit. 'National Assembly XV') is a parliamentary cycle that commenced in July 2021 following the legislative elections on 23 May 2021. The National Assembly has 499 members, formally confirmed at the 8th meeting of the National Election Council on 12 July 2021.

The 15th National Assembly first convened on 20 July 2021 to re-elect Vương Đình Huệ as its Chairman, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as President of Vietnam and Phạm Minh Chính as Prime Minister of Vietnam.
MV Holiday Island
MV Holiday Island was a Canadian RORO ferry that operated across the Northumberland Strait between the ports of Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island and Caribou, Nova Scotia. The vessel was owned by the Government of Canada and was managed and operated by Northumberland Ferries Limited. After suffering a serious fire, the ship was broken up for scrap in 2023.

Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island
Wood Islands is a rural farming and fishing community located in southeastern Queens County, Prince Edward Island on the Northumberland Strait. It takes its name from several small forested islands, then located several hundred metres offshore in the Northumberland Strait. The community of Wood Islands falls within the larger PEI Township of Lot 62, which had a population in 2011 of 470 residents, a 13% decrease from the 2006 census count of 540. While the named islands are located on maps by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin: Karte Bellin, 1744: 'I a Bova' and Louis Franquet: Cartes Franquet, 1751: 'Isle a Bois', it was Samuel Johannes Holland who correctly surveyed and depicted the islands, about their basin.  The 'European' settlement of Wood Islands began in 1803, but saw its most noted arrivals in 1807 with the arrival, after wintering in Pinette, of a large party of Scottish settlers from the Spencer.
Veronika Part
Veronika Part (born 21 February 1978) is a Russian ballet dancer. She is a former principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre. She served as a ballet mistress for Atlanta Ballet during the 2019–20 season.

Swan Lake
Swan Lake (Russian: Лебединое озеро) is a ballet composed by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875–76.  Despite its initial failure, it is now one of the most popular ballets of all time.

The scenario, initially in two acts, was based on Russian and German folk tales, telling a story of Odette, a princess turned into a swan by an evil sorcerer's curse.

The ballet was premiered by the Bolshoi Ballet on 4 March [O.S. 20 February] 1877 at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.  The choreographer of this original production was Julius Reisinger (Václav Reisinger).

Most ballet companies now base their performances on the 1895 revival of Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov, first staged for the Imperial Ballet on 15 January 1895, at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg. For this revival, Tchaikovsky's score was revised by Riccardo Drigo.
Liverpool Shopping Park
Liverpool Shopping Park is an out of town retail park located in Edge Lane, Liverpool, England. It is the biggest retail park in Liverpool, overtaking the New Mersey Retail Park in Speke (473,000 sq ft (43,900 m2)), and has the world's largest Liver bird at 30 ft (9.1 m) and made of Meccano.

Meccano
Meccano is a British brand of construction set created in 1901 by Frank Hornby in Liverpool, England. The system consists of reusable metal strips, plates, angle girders, wheels, axles and gears, and plastic parts that are connected using nuts and bolts. It enables the building of working models and mechanical devices.

In 1913, a very similar construction set was introduced in the United States under the brand name Erector. In 1990, Meccano bought the Erector brand and unified its presence on all continents. In 2013, the Meccano brand was acquired by the Canadian toy company Spin Master. Meccano maintained a manufacturing facility in Calais, France until 2023.
Leutzsch
Leutzsch (German pronunciation: [ˈlɔʏtʃ]) is a western locality of Leipzig in Saxony, Germany. It is part of the borough Alt-West. It is characterized by residential areas from the Wilhelminian period, an Art Nouveau villa colony and mostly disused industrial plants. Some of them have found new life as artist studios.

Leutzsch was an independent municipality of about 15,000 inhabitants, until it was incorporated into Leipzig in 1922. Leutzsch is home to the Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark, home of BSG Chemie Leipzig and formerly of FC Sachsen Leipzig.

Gründerzeit
The Gründerzeit (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁʏndɐˌtsaɪt] ⓘ; lit. 'founders' period') was a period of European economic history in mid- and late-19th century Germany and Austria-Hungary between industrialization and the great stock market crash of 1873. Its name is derived from the many incorporations of companies that occurred in the years between the Franco-Prussian War and the panic of 1873.

The term also refers to a cultural and architectural era which began in the mid-19th century and lasted until 1914. Gründerzeit architecture is closely associated with historicism, and occupies a prominent place in many Central European cities due to 19th-century urbanization.
CBUX-FM
CBUX-FM (90.9 MHz) is a non-commercial French-language radio station, which broadcasts the SRC's Ici Musique network in Vancouver, British Columbia. It plays a mix of Adult Album Alternative, Jazz and Classical music with news updates.

The station broadcasts from the CBC Regional Broadcast Centre on Hamilton Street in Downtown Vancouver, while its transmitter is atop Mount Seymour in the District of North Vancouver. It also has a rebroadcaster on 88.9 FM in Victoria, British Columbia, which has the call sign CBUX-FM-1.

North Vancouver (district municipality)
The District of North Vancouver is a district municipality in British Columbia, Canada, situated north of the city of Vancouver across the Burrard Inlet. It surrounds the respective City of North Vancouver on three sides, and the remaining fellow North Shore municipality of West Vancouver on the other, and is part of the Metro Vancouver Regional District.

It is largely characterized as a relatively quiet, affluent suburban hub home to many middle and upper-middle-class families. Homes in the District of North Vancouver generally range from mid-sized family bungalows to very large luxury houses. A number of dense multi-family and mixed-use developments have popped up across the district in recent years; however, the district remains a primarily suburban municipality. It is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, British Columbia Ambulance Service, and the District of North Vancouver Fire Department.
Black nobility
The black nobility or black aristocracy (Italian: nobiltà nera, aristocrazia nera) are Roman aristocratic families who sided with the Papacy under Pope Pius IX after the army of the Kingdom of Italy led by the House of Savoy entered Rome on 20 September 1870, overthrew the pope and the Papal States, and took over the Quirinal Palace, and any nobles subsequently ennobled by the pope prior to the 1929 Lateran Treaty.

For the next 59 years, the pope confined himself to Vatican City and claimed to be a prisoner in the Vatican to avoid the appearance of accepting the authority of the new Italian government and state. Aristocrats who had been ennobled by the pope and were formerly subjects of the Papal States, including the senior members of the papal court, kept the front doors of their palaces in Rome closed to mourn the pope's confinement, which led to their being called the "black nobility".

Ernesto Pacelli
Ernesto Pacelli (31 August 1860 – 13 June 1925), Nobleman of Acquapendente and Nobleman of Sant'Angelo in Vado, was a financial adviser to Pope Leo XIII, Pope Pius X, and Pope Benedict XV and the founder and president of the Banco di Roma from 9 March 1880 until 1916. Pacelli also served as an unofficial link between the Vatican and the Italian government. Papal historian John Pollard calls him the "first of the great laymen to be associated with the finances of the Holy See."

He was cousin of Francesco Pacelli, nephew of Filippo Pacelli and grandson of Marcantonio Pacelli. His cousin, Eugenio Pacelli, became Pope Pius XII.
2013 Challenger of Dallas
The 2013 Challenger of Dallas was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Dallas, United States between 4 and 10 February 2013.

Robby Ginepri
Robert Louis Ginepri (/dʒɪˈnɛpri/ jih-NEP-ree; born October 7, 1982) is an American tennis coach and a former professional player. He won three ATP singles titles in his career and achieved a career-high ranking of World No. 15 in December 2005. Ginepri's best Grand Slam result was the semifinals of the 2005 US Open.
David Seddon
David Seddon is a noted British Development Studies academic, activist and consultant.  For many years, he was a professor (Professor of Politics & Sociology)  in the Department of Development Studies at the University of East Anglia. He has worked as a consultant for international institutions including the World Bank, ILO and NGOs such as Christian Aid, OXFAM and War on Want. He was for many years a member of the Labour Party before defecting to the Green Party. Among his academic research, particularly noteworthy is his work on Nepal.

Oxfam
Oxfam is a British-founded confederation of 21 independent non-governmental organizations (NGOs), focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It began as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief in Oxford, UK, in 1942, to alleviate World War Two related hunger and continued in the aftermath of the war. Oxfam has an international presence with operations in 79 countries and 21 members in the Oxfam Confederation in Australia, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Since 2005, Oxfam International has been involved in a series of controversies as it expanded, especially concerning its operations in Haiti and Chad. There have been criticisms of its management of operations in the UK as well.
John Bull (magazine)
John Bull is the name of a succession of different periodicals published in the United Kingdom during the period 1820–1964. In its original form, a Sunday newspaper published from 1820 to 1892, John Bull was a champion of traditionalist conservatism. From 1906 to 1920, under Member of Parliament Horatio Bottomley, John Bull became a platform for his trenchant populist views. A 1946 relaunch by Odhams Press transformed John Bull magazine into something similar in style to the American magazine The Saturday Evening Post.

All versions of the publication intended to cash in on John Bull, the national personification of the United Kingdom in general and England in particular. (In political cartoons and similar graphic works, John Bull is usually depicted as a stout, middle-aged, country-dwelling, jolly and matter-of-fact man.)

John Bull
John Bull is a national personification of England and Britain, especially in political cartoons and similar graphic works. He is usually depicted as a stout, middle-aged, country-dwelling, jolly and matter-of-fact man. He originated in satirical works of the early-18th century and would come to stand for English liberty in opposition to revolutionaries. He was popular through the 18th and 19th centuries until the time of the First World War, when he generally stopped being seen as representative of the "common man".
Eduardo Abaroa Province
Eduardo Abaroa, also Eduardo Avaroa, or Challapata is a province in the southeastern parts of the Bolivian department of Oruro. Its seat is Challapata. The province was named after Colonel Eduardo Abaroa, Bolivia's hero of the War of the Pacific.

Departments of Bolivia
Bolivia is a unitary state consisting of nine departments (Spanish: departamentos). Departments are the primary subdivisions of Bolivia, and possess certain rights under the Constitution of Bolivia. Each department is represented in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly—a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Each department is represented by four Senators, while Deputies are awarded to each department in proportion to their total population.

Out of the nine departments, La Paz was originally the most populous, with 2,706,351 inhabitants as of 2012 but the far eastern department of Santa Cruz has since surpassed it by 2020; Santa Cruz also claims the title as the largest, encompassing 370,621 square kilometres (143,098 sq mi). Pando is the least populated, with a population of 110,436. The smallest in area is Tarija, encompassing 37,623 square kilometres (14,526 sq mi).
Gowy Meadows Nature Reserve
Gowy Meadows Nature Reserve is a 165.8-hectare (410-acre) nature reserve near Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England. It consists of low-lying meadows immediately to the east of the River Gowy near its confluence with the River Mersey, south of Stanlow Oil Refinery and west of the village of Thornton-le-Moors (from where a public footpath follows Thornton Brook across the site). It is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of the landowner, Shell UK, and was founded in 2002. The M56 motorway runs along the southern edge of the reserve.

The reserve consists mainly of low-lying wet pasture divided by ditches. It is part of the Gowy & Mersey Washlands Living Landscape initiative. Before the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal the Gowy would have been tidal in this area and much of the reserve would have consisted of saltmarsh with brackish creeks, whose traces can still be seen in places.

Footpath
A footpath is, in Australian/British/Irish English, a type of thoroughfare, pedestrian way, walking trail, or nature trail, that is intended for use only by pedestrians and not other forms of traffic such as motorized vehicles, bicycles and horses. They can be found in a wide variety of places, from the centre of cities, to farmland, mountain ridges, National parks, nature preserves, conservation areas and other protected wilderness areas. Urban footpaths are usually paved, may have steps, and can be called alleys, lanes, steps, etc.

The term 'footpath' includes pedestrian paths that are next to the road in Irish English, Indian English, Australian English, and New Zealand English (known as pavement in British English and South African English, or sidewalk in North American English).
Guizhou University
Guizhou University (贵州大学) is a provincial public university located in suburban Guiyang, Guizhou, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Guizhou and is co-funded by the Guizhou Provincial People's Government and the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Founded in 1902, it is the flagship institution of higher learning in Guizhou province. The university was a national key university in the “One Province, One School” project in the Midwest of China. With over 30,000 students, Guizhou University is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Southwestern China.

Southwestern China
Southwestern China (Chinese: 西南; pinyin: Xīnán) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
Desoximetasone
Desoximetasone is a medication belonging to the family of medications known as topical corticosteroids. It is used for the relief of various skin conditions, including rashes. It helps to reduce redness, itching, and irritation. Desoximetasone is a synthetic corticosteroid, a class of primarily synthetic steroids used as anti-inflammatory  and anti-pruritic  agents.

Three brand name products are available (availability depending on country):

Topicort Emollient Cream (0.25% desoximetasone)

Topicort LP Emollient Cream  (0.05% desoximetasone)

Topisolone Cream  (0.25% desoximetasone)

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Notre Dame University (Philippines)
Notre Dame University (NDU) is a private Catholic research basic and higher education institution run by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate in Cotabato, Philippines. It was founded by the Oblates in 1948 and has been a member of the Notre Dame Educational Association, a group of schools in the Philippines named Notre Dame. The Association is under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Notre Dame University has academic programs in graduate school, law, liberal arts,  arts and sciences, engineering, nursing, accountancy, business administration, computer studies and education, as well as secondary, elementary, and preparatory education.

Cotabato
Cotabato, formerly and still commonly referred to as North Cotabato and officially the Province of Cotabato, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in Mindanao. Its capital is the city of Kidapawan, the most populous in the province. Some of its municipalities are under the jurisdiction of the nearby Bangsamoro Autonomous Region.
Soundart Radio
Soundart Radio  is an art radio station based in Dartington, Totnes, Devon, UK. Founded as a student radio station in 2006 by two graduates of Dartington College of Arts, Nell Harrison and Lucinda Guy, the station moved onto a full-time Community Radio Licence in February 2009 broadcasting to a 5 km radius around the transmitter at Dartington Hall.

Soundart Radio is a non-profit arts organisation with membership open to all. The station provides training and workshops encouraging creative use of radio and sound.

The station is a member of Radia and defines itself as 'a place to listen, play and experiment'.

Dartington College of Arts
Dartington College of Arts was a specialist arts college located at Dartington Hall in the south-west of England, offering courses at degree and postgraduate level together with an arts research programme. It existed for a period of almost 50 years, from its foundation in 1961, to when it closed at Dartington in 2010. A version of the College was then re-established in what became Falmouth University, and the Dartington title was subsequently dropped. The College was one of only a few in Britain devoted exclusively to specialist practical and theoretical studies in courses spanning right across the arts. It had an international reputation as a centre for contemporary practice. As well as the courses offered, it became a meeting point for practitioners and teachers from around the world. Dartington was known not only as a place for training practitioners, but also for its emphasis on the role of the arts in the wider community.
Kuala Kangsar District
The Kuala Kangsar District (Perak Malay: Kole Kangso) is a district in Perak, Malaysia. Kuala Kangsar shares its borders with Larut, Matang and Selama at the west, Hulu Perak at the north, Gua Musang of Kelantan at the east, Kinta at the south, Perak Tengah and Manjung at the southwest. The seat of this district is the town of Kuala Kangsar.

Kinta District
The Kinta District is a district in Perak, Malaysia. It contains the state capital Ipoh. Kinta is the most populated district in Perak and also the seventh most populated district in Malaysia. Kinta houses Ipoh, Perak's largest city and state capital while Batu Gajah is a seat in Kinta district.
Music of Liechtenstein
The music of Liechtenstein has produced an internationally renowned composer in Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901), who was mentor to Engelbert Humperdinck and a friend of Franz Liszt.

The national anthem of Liechtenstein is "Oben am jungen Rhein", which was written in 1850 by Jakob Josef Jauch to the tune of "God Save the King", the national anthem of the United Kingdom.

One of the most notable singers from Liechtenstein is Al Walser. Other notable acts that have had success outside Liechtenstein are Erben der Schöpfung and Elis. Another band from Liechtenstein is WeltenBrand.

Al Walser
Al Walser is a Liechtensteiner singer, songwriter, and record producer based in Los Angeles. Walser first gained fame as a member of German Eurodance group Fun Factory with whom he toured worldwide. His 2012 single "I Can't Live Without You" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the field of Best Dance Recording. Walser won The New York International Independent Film and Video Festival Award for Best Music Video for his single "I Want My Money Now" in 2014. He won the Grammy Award for Best Children's Music Album in 2020.