hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kew Gardens, Queens
Kew Gardens is a neighborhood in the central area of the New York City borough of Queens. Kew Gardens is bounded to the north by the Union Turnpike and the Jackie Robinson Parkway, to the east by the Van Wyck Expressway and 131st Street, to the south by Hillside Avenue, and to the west by Park Lane, Abingdon Road, and 118th Street. Forest Park is to the west and the neighborhood of Forest Hills to the northwest, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park north, Richmond Hill south, Briarwood southeast, and Kew Gardens Hills east.

Kew Gardens is located in Queens Community District 9 and its ZIP Code is 11415. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 102nd Precinct. Politically, Kew Gardens is represented by the New York City Council's 29th District. It is located within New York's 5th congressional district.

New York State Route 25B
New York State Route 25B (NY 25B) is a 7.25-mile (11.67 km) east–west state highway located on Long Island in New York, United States. The western terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 25 in Queens. The eastern terminus is at an interchange with NY 25 in Westbury, Nassau County. NY 25B is named Hillside Avenue for its entire length, except for a 0.69-mile (1.11 km) portion in the village of East Williston, where it is called East Williston Avenue and owned & maintained by Nassau County as the unsigned County Route 85.

The route, assigned in the mid-1930s, acts as a northern alternate to NY 25, running parallel to its parent for its entire length. Unlike NY 25, which is four lanes wide for most of its length between Queens and Westbury, NY 25B has a number of lane configurations, including six lanes in Queens, four lanes in western Nassau County, and two lanes in East Williston. The route also connects NY 25 to the villages of Williston Park and East Williston.
7th AVN Awards
The 7th AVN Awards ceremony, organized by Adult Video News (AVN), took place on January 8, 1990, at the Tropicana Hotel & Casino in Paradise, Nevada. During the ceremony, AVN Awards were presented in 44 categories honoring pornographic films released the previous year. Actor Rick Savage hosted the show with segment co-hosts Christy Canyon, Barbara Dare and Nina Hartley. Portions of the show were taped for a segment on Entertainment Tonight.

The Nicole Stanton Story won five awards, the most of any feature, however Best Film went to Night Trips, which took three trophies, as did Voodoo Lust. Two awards went to each of Bi and Beyond III, True Love and Undercover.

Entertainment Tonight
Entertainment Tonight (or simply ET) is an American first-run syndicated news broadcasting newsmagazine program that is distributed by CBS Media Ventures throughout the United States and owned by Paramount Streaming. Having premiered on September 14, 1981, it holds the Guinness World Record as the longest-running entertainment news program on television.

International versions of the show are distributed by Paramount Global Content Distribution.
Area codes 850 and 448
Area codes 850 and 448 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the Florida panhandle, including Pensacola, Tallahassee and Panama City. Area code 850 was created in 1997 in a split of 904 and area code 448 was assigned as a second code to the same area in an overlay plan in 2019.

Panama City, Florida
Panama City is a city in and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States. Located along U.S. Highway 98 (US 98), it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola. It is the most populous city in Bay County and a principal city of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of approximately 200,534. According to the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,939 (excluding Panama City Beach).
Sheldon Jackson
Sheldon Jackson (May 18, 1834 – May 2, 1909) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary, and political leader. During this career he travelled about one million  miles (1.6 million km) and established more than one hundred missions and churches, mostly in the Western United States. He performed extensive missionary work in Colorado and the Alaska Territory, including his efforts to suppress Native American languages.

Tlingit
The Tlingit or Lingít (/ˈtlɪŋkɪt, ˈklɪŋkɪt/ ⓘ TLING-kit, KLING-kit) are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Tlingit people are Alaska Natives and First Nations in Canada. Their mother tongue is the Tlingit language, a Na-Dene language.

The Tlingit have a matrilineal kinship system, with children born into the mother's clan, and property and hereditary roles passing through the mother's line. Their culture and society developed in the temperate rainforest of the southeast Alaskan coast and the Alexander Archipelago. The Tlingit have maintained a complex hunter-gatherer culture based on semi-sedentary management of fisheries. Hereditary slavery was practiced extensively until it was outlawed by the United States Government. The Inland Tlingit live in the far northwestern part of the province of British Columbia and the southern Yukon in Canada. Taku Tlingit live in British Columbia and Alaska.
Mangé Demba
Mangé Demba also Mungo Demba, (17??–1822) was a Baga King (Mangé) who held sway over a region in West Africa which stretched along ninety miles of the Guinea coast and extending up to two hundred miles inland.: 1

Demba's mother was probably Maboye, daughter of the King of Tomboli, and his father probably Sumba Tumani.: 1

Baga people
The Baga are a West African ethnic group who live in the southern swampy lands of Guinea Atlantic coastline. Traditionally animist through the pre-colonial times, they converted to Islam during the mid-eighteenth century under the influence of Muslim Mandé missionaries. Some continue to practice their traditional rituals.

Typically rural and known for their agricultural successes, particularly with rice farming, the Baga people speak a language of the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family.

They are also known for their historic animist pieces of artwork. Known for their beauty and sophistication, these have been displayed and held at many major museums of the world. After independence, a totalitarian Marxist government took over Guinea in 1958. Its program of "demystification" lasted till 1984, destroying the traditional beliefs and ritual arts of the Baga people.
Ulysses: Jeanne d'Arc and the Alchemist Knight
Ulysses: Jeanne d'Arc and the Alchemist Knight (ユリシーズ ジャンヌ・ダルクと錬金の騎士, Yurishīzu Jan'nu Daruku to Renkin no Kishi) is a Japanese light novel series written by Mikage Kasuga and illustrated by Tomari Meron. Seven volumes and one prequel volume have been published by Shueisha since August 2015 under their Dash X Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation with art by Yagi Shinba and Hirafumi titled Ulysses: Jeanne d'Arc to Hyakunen Sensō no Himitsu (ユリシーズ ジャンヌ・ダルクと百年戦争のひみつ) was serialized in Shueisha's Dash X Comic website from February to November 2018. An anime television series adaptation by AXsiZ aired from October to December 2018.

Astaroth
In demonology, Astaroth (also Ashtaroth, Astarot and Astetoth) is an arch-demon. He is considered to be the Great Duke of Hell.

Astaroth was theorized as an alter ego of various goddesses in ancient mythologies across different cultures which were demonized later by the Biblical demonology system.

Astaroth also features as an archdemon associated with the qlippoth (adverse forces).
María Esther Scherman Leaño
María Esther de Jesús Scherman Leaño (born 5 January 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

Scherman Leaño was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, in 1957. 
She has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies on five occasions:

In the 1985 mid-terms (53rd Congress), for Jalisco's 3rd district

In the 1991 mid-terms (55th Congress), for Jalisco's 16th district

In the 2003 mid-terms (59th Congress), as a plurinominal deputy for the first region

In the 2009 mid-terms (61st Congress), as a plurinominal deputy for the first region

In the 2015 mid-terms (63rd Congress), as a plurinominal deputy for the fourth region

In the 1988 general election, she was elected to the Senate for the 54th Congress.

Scherman Leaño was also the director of the National Lottery during the presidency of Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018).

LIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIII Legislature of the Congress of the Union of Mexico (53rd Congress) was made up of senators and deputies members of their respective chambers. They began duties on 1 September 1985 and ended on 31 August 1988.

The senators of this legislature were elected in the 1982 election and also exercised their positions in the previous session of Congress. The deputies were elected in the 1985 election.
Monotype Grotesque
Monotype Grotesque is a family of sans-serif typefaces released by the Monotype Corporation for its hot metal typesetting system. It belongs to the grotesque or industrial genre of early sans-serif designs. Like many early sans-serifs, it forms a sprawling family designed at different times.

The family was popular in British trade printing, especially its series 215 and 216 regular and bold weights from around 1926, which have been credited to its American-born engineering manager Frank Hinman Pierpont. Several weights have been digitised.

Hot metal typesetting
In printing and typography, hot metal typesetting (also called mechanical typesetting, hot lead typesetting, hot metal, and hot type) is a technology for typesetting text in letterpress printing. This method injects molten type metal into a mold that has the shape of one or more glyphs. The resulting sorts or slugs are later used to press ink onto paper. Normally the typecasting machine would be controlled by a keyboard or by a paper tape.

It was the standard technology used for mass-market printing from the late nineteenth century until the arrival of phototypesetting (also called cold type) and then electronic processes in the 1950s to 1980s.
Yogesh Takawale
Yogesh Vijay Takawale (born 5 November 1984) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut in 2005-06 as a specialist batsman for Maharashtra.

In 2013–14 he captained Tripura in the Ranji Trophy and scored Tripura's highest first-class score of 212 against Hyderabad. He also plays for the IPL team Royal Challengers Bangalore.

Maharashtra cricket team
The Maharashtra cricket team is a state cricket team that represents the Maharashtra state in domestic cricket of India. It is governed by Maharashtra Cricket Association. It plays its home matches at Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Pune.

Maharashtra have won Ranji Trophy twice and remained runners-up thrice, won Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy once and remained runners-up once. In Vijay Hazare trophy it has been winner in West zone in 1994–95 and were runners up in 2022/23 season.
Regina Gordilho
Regina Helena Costa Gordilho (12 May 1933 – 7 June 2024) was a Brazilian politician. A member of the Democratic Labour Party, the Progressive Republican Party, and the Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order, she served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1991 to 1995.

Gordilho died in Rio de Janeiro on 7 June 2024, at the age of 91.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Acanalonia servillei
Acanalonia servillei is a species of planthopper in the family Acanaloniidae. It is a widely distributed species, being found along the East Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States as far southwest as Texas and as far north as New York. It is also found on many Caribbean islands such as The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. Like most planthoppers, it feeds on the sap of plants. It is noted as being associated with Capparis cynophallophora along with other plants in the caper family, though not exclusively. It is a quite large species for its family, usually measuring more than 9mm.

Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South or the South Coast, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and these are known as the Gulf States.

The economy of the Gulf Coast area is dominated by industries related to energy, petrochemicals, fishing, aerospace, agriculture, and tourism. The large cities of the region are (from west to east) Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont, Lake Charles, Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Biloxi, Mobile, Pensacola, Panama City, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. All are the centers or major cities of their respective metropolitan areas and many contain large ports.
The Medicine Man (story)
"The Medicine Man" is a humorous short story by Erskine Caldwell. It was included in We Are the Living (1933). It was also included in the Stories of Erskine Caldwell, a collection of 96 stories first published in 1953 and re-issued in 1996 by the University of Georgia Press.

Erskine Caldwell
Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 – April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States, in novels such as Tobacco Road (1932) and God's Little Acre (1933), won him critical acclaim.

With cumulative sales of 10 million and 14 million copies, respectively, Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre rank as two of the best-selling American novels of all-time, with the former being adapted into a 1933 play that set a Broadway record for consecutive performances, since surpassed.
Commonwealth XI cricket team in South Africa in 1959–60
A Commonwealth XI cricket team toured South Africa in October and November 1959, playing three first-class matches. Captained by Denis Compton, the Commonwealth XI included several well-known players such as Tom Graveney, Brian Close, Bert Sutcliffe, Frank Tyson, Godfrey Evans, Roy Marshall, Bob Simpson and Ian Craig.

The first match was against Transvaal at the New Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg and this was drawn after Jonathan Fellows-Smith scored a century in each innings for Transvaal. Next, the Commonwealth XI defeated a Combined Transvaal XI by 3 wickets at the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria. In the third and final first-class game, the Commonwealth XI played a South African Invitation XI at the New Wanderers and saved a draw after having to follow-on.

Denis Compton
Denis Charles Scott Compton CBE (23 May 1918 – 23 April 1997) was an English multi-sportsman. As a cricketer he played in 78 Test matches and spent his whole career with Middlesex. As a footballer, he played as a winger and spent most of his career at Arsenal, where he would win both the top flight and F.A. Cup.

A right-handed batsman and left-arm unorthodox spin bowler, Compton is regularly credited as one of England's most remarkable batsmen. Indeed, Sir Don Bradman said he was one of the greatest cricket players he'd ever seen. He is one of only twenty-five players to have scored over one hundred centuries in first-class cricket. In 2009, Compton was posthumously inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. The Denis Compton Oval and a stand at Lord's Cricket Ground are both named in his honour.
Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet
Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet (9 January 1585 – 14 September 1645) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1629. He is an ancestor of the modern day Dukes of Westminster.

Grosvenor was born at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, reportedly the only surviving male child of 17 children.  His father was Richard Grosvenor of Eaton, and his mother was Christian, the daughter of Sir Richard Brooke of Norton Priory, Cheshire.  His early education was by John Bruen, a local puritan and at the age of 13 he went to The Queen's College, Oxford.  He matriculated in 1599 and graduated BA on 30 June 1602.

The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, primarily dating from the 18th century.

As of 2022, the college had an endowment of £327.8 million making it the fifth-wealthiest Oxford college (after Christ Church, Magdalen, St. John's, and All Souls).
Wörishofer
Wörishofer is a type of orthopaedic ladies' sandal made in Bad Wörishofen.  They have a cork wedge in the sole which is light and acts as a shock absorber.  They were first designed in the 1940s and have been considered practical but ugly.  But in 2010, they became fashionable, being worn by celebrities such as Kirsten Dunst and Maggie Gyllenhaal.  They may be compared to other practical shoes which have been fashionable, including Birkenstocks, crocs, Dr. Martens, Dr. Scholl's and Ugg boots.

Podiatrist Beverley Ashdown rated them 8/10 in a comparison with other fashionable ugly shoes.

Dr. Martens
Dr. Martens, also known as Doc Martens, Docs, or DMs, is a British footwear and clothing brand. Although most known for its durable footwear, it also makes a range of accessories, including clothing and bags. The footwear is distinguished by its air-cushioned sole, upper shape, welted construction, and yellow stitching. The company's global head office and design studio is located in Camden Town, London.

Dr. Martens manufactures in the UK (at the brand's historic Cobbs lane factory in Wollaston, Northamptonshire), China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. According to the BBC, "the company still makes more than half of its revenues from the original 1460 boot and sister product the 1461 shoe. The numbers refer to the dates they were introduced — 1 April 1960 and 1961."
2023 in archosaur paleontology
This article records new taxa of every kind of fossil archosaur that were scheduled to be described during 2023, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to the paleontology of archosaurs that were published in 2023.

Paleontology portal

History of science portal

dinosaurs portal

Cf.
The abbreviation cf. (for Latin confer or conferatur, both meaning 'compare') is generally used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed. Different style guides offer differing advice.

In Italian, the abbreviation "cfr." (confronta, 'confront') is more common than "cf."
Amundsen (surname)
Amundsen is a Norwegian surname. Amundsen literally means son of Amund. Notable people with this surname include the following:

Arthur Amundsen (1886–1936), Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics

Asle Amundsen (born 1952), Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party

Carl Morten Amundsen (born 1961), Norwegian dramaturge and theatre director

Harald Amundsen (born 1962), Norwegian sprint canoer

Jan Tore Amundsen (born 1983), Norwegian football midfielder

Marius Amundsen (born 1992), Norwegian footballer

Mauritz Amundsen (1904–1982), Norwegian Olympic sport shooter

Monte Amundsen (1930–2011), American opera and musical singer

Olaf Amundsen (1876–1939), Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party

Per-Willy Amundsen (born 1971), Norwegian politician and MP for the Progress Party

Roald Amundsen (1872–1928), Norwegian explorer of the polar region

Steinar Amundsen (1945–2022), Norwegian sprint canoer who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics

Harald Amundsen
Harald Amundsen (born 30 November 1962) is a Norwegian sprint canoer who competed in the 1980s. He won two medals in the K-4 10000 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold in 1987 and a silver in 1983.

Amundsen also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of eighth in the K-2 1000 m event at Seoul in 1988.

His older brother, Steinar, won two Olympic medals in the K-4 1000 m event with a gold in 1968 and a bronze in 1972.
Academic Staff Union of Universities
The Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) is a Nigerian union of university academic staff, founded in 1978. ASUU is an offshoot of the Nigerian Association of University Teachers (NAUT) which was established in 1965. At that time, NAUT consisted of only five universities in total including University of Ibadan, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, University of Ife and University of Lagos.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
Piling-up lemma
In cryptanalysis, the piling-up lemma is a principle used in linear cryptanalysis to construct linear approximations to the action of block ciphers. It was introduced by Mitsuru Matsui (1993) as an analytical tool for linear cryptanalysis. The lemma states that the bias (deviation of the expected value from 1/2) of a linear Boolean function (XOR-clause) of independent binary random variables is related to the product of the input biases:

or

where  is the bias (towards zero) and  the imbalance:

.

Conversely, if the lemma does not hold, then the input variables are not independent.

Linear approximation
In mathematics, a linear approximation is an approximation of a general function using a linear function (more precisely, an affine function). They are widely used in the method of finite differences to produce first order methods for solving or approximating solutions to equations.
Eevamaria Porthan-Broddell
Eevamaria Porthan-Broddell (born 16 December 1978 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish dressage rider. Representing Finland, she competed at the 2014 World Equestrian Games and at two European Dressage Championships (in 2001 and 2015).

Her current best championship result is 13th place in team dressage at the 2015 European Dressage Championships in Aachen while her current best individual championship result is 42nd place from the 2001 Europeans held in Verden.

2015 European Dressage Championships
The 2015 European Dressage Championships was held between August 12 and August 16, 2015 in Aachen, Germany. It formed part of the 2015 FEI European Championships; other disciplines included were jumping, reining and vaulting. It also served as a 2016 Olympics qualifier with team quotas in dressage awarded to the best three teams not already qualified nations.

The 2015 event was the 27th edition of the European Dressage Championships. This was the first European Dressage Championships held in Germany since 2005 and the first held in Aachen since 1983.

18 nations were scheduled to compete.