hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyloxalus patitae
Hyloxalus patitae is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Peru where it is only known from its type locality near Comunidad Nativa de Davis, Cordillera El Sira, Pasco Region.

Department of Pasco
Pasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpasko]; Quechua: Pasqu) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's central highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.
Kingdom of the Rhinns
Na Renna, or the Kingdom of the Rhinns, was a Norse-Gaelic lordship which appears in 11th century records. The Rhinns (Scottish Gaelic: Na Rannaibh) was a province in Medieval Scotland, and comprised, along with Farines, the later Wigtownshire. The Martyrology of Óengus gives some idea of the kingdom's domain in the 11th century, as Dún Reichet (Dunragit) and Futerna (Whithorn) are said to lie in the kingdom, implying that it embraced the whole of later Wigtownshire.

Óengus of Tallaght
Óengus mac Óengobann, better known as Saint Óengus of Tallaght or Óengus the Culdee, was an Irish bishop, reformer and writer, who flourished in the first quarter of the 9th century and is held to be the author of the Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") and possibly the Martyrology of Tallaght.

Little of Óengus's life and career is reliably attested. The most important sources include internal evidence from the Félire, a later Middle Irish preface to that work, a biographic poem beginning Aíbind suide sund amne ("Delightful to sit here thus") and the entry for his feast-day inserted into the Martyrology of Tallaght.
Norman Garwood
Norman Garwood (8 January 1946 – 13 April 2019) was an English art director, and production designer. Garwood was nominated for three Academy Awards for "Best Art Direction" for the films Brazil (1985) by Terry Gilliam; Glory (1989) by Edward Zwick; and Hook (1991) by Steven Spielberg. In 1985, he won a BAFTA Award for Best Production Design and an Evening Standard British Film Award for his work on the film Brazil (1985). He was known for his use of elaborate design in film.

Edward Zwick
Edward M. Zwick (born October 8, 1952) is an American filmmaker. He has worked primarily in the comedy drama and epic historical film genres and received an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for his work producing Shakespeare in Love (1998).

He made his film debut with the comedy About Last Night (1986), followed by Glory (1989), Legends of the Fall (1994), Courage Under Fire (1996), The Siege (1998), The Last Samurai (2003), Blood Diamond (2006), and Defiance (2008). His later films include Love & Other Drugs (2010), Pawn Sacrifice (2014), and Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016).

He is also the co-creator of the ABC family drama series thirtysomething and Once and Again.
Glen Boss
Glen Boss (born 21 August 1969 in Caboolture) is an Australian jockey, who is best known for riding Makybe Diva to victory in three consecutive Melbourne Cups: 2003, 2004, and 2005. He has also been successful in four Cox Plates: Makybe Diva in 2005, So You Think in 2009, Ocean Park in 2012, and Sir Dragonet in 2020.

At the end of May 2021 he had ridden 1,893 wins, including 90 Group One wins, for total prize money of A$180 million.

W. S. Cox Plate
The W. S. Cox Plate is a Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old and over under Weight for age conditions, over a distance of 2040 metres (approximately 1m 2f), that is held by the Moonee Valley Racing Club at Moonee Valley Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in late October. The race has a purse of A$6,000,000.
AS Armée Nationale
Association Sportive de l'Armée Nationale Mauritanienne (Arabic: الجمعية الرياضية للجيش الوطني الموريتاني), known as AS Armée Nationale, is a Mauritanean football club based in Tidjikja, the capital of the Tagant Region. The club plays in the Mauritanean Premier League.

Tagant region
Tagant (Arabic: ولاية تكانت, romanized: Wilāyat Tagānit) is a region in south-central Mauritania named for the Tagant Plateau. Its capital is Tidjikdja. Other major cities/towns include Tichit and Rachid, Nbeika. The region borders the Mauritanian regions of Adrar to the north, Hodh Ech Chargui to the east, Hodh El Gharbi and Assaba to the south and Brakna to the west. The Aoukar basin, which formerly gave name to the greater region, is located in the southern part of Tagant.

As of 2013, the population of the region was 80,962, compared to 88,736 in 2011. There were 47.09 per cent females and 52.91 per cent males. As of 2008, the activity rate was 51.00 and economic dependency ratio was 0.81. As of 2008, the literacy rate for people aged 15 years and over was 58.10.
No More Tears (Jeanette song)
"No More Tears" is a song by German singer Jeanette Biedermann. It was written by Biedermann along with Frank Johnes, Martin Martinsson, and Kristina "Wonderbra" Bach and produced by Thorsten Brötzmann for the limited edition of her second studio album Delicious (2001). Released as a single in February 2002, the song peaked at number nine on the German Singles Chart, becoming Biedermann's third non-consecutive top-10 hit. It also reached number 15 on the Austrian Singles Chart.

Delicious (Jeanette album)
Delicious is the second studio album by German pop singer Jeanette Biedermann. It was released by Universal Records on 12 November 2001 in German-speaking Europe. In 2002, the album was certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI).
Peggy Guggenheim Collection
The Peggy Guggenheim Collection is an art museum on the Grand Canal in the Dorsoduro sestiere of Venice, Italy. It is one of the most visited attractions in Venice. The collection is housed in the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni, an 18th-century palace, which was the home of the American heiress Peggy Guggenheim for three decades. She began displaying her private collection of modern artworks to the public seasonally in 1951. After her death in 1979, it passed to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, which opened the collection year-round from 1980.

The collection includes works of prominent Italian futurists and American modernists working in such genres as Cubism, Surrealism and abstract expressionism. It also includes sculptural works. In 2017, Karole Vail, a granddaughter of Peggy Guggenheim, was appointed the director of the collection, succeeding Philip Rylands, who led the museum for 37 years.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Fourth Department of the General Staff Department
The Fourth Department (4PLA) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Staff Department (GSD) is also known as the Electronic Countermeasures and Radar Department. It was charged with the Chinese People's Liberation Army's offensive electronic warfare (EW) and information warfare (IW) missions, to include offensive cyber operations. In 2016, its functions were transferred to the Network Systems Department of the PLA Strategic Support Force.

Joint Staff Department (China)
The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission (JSDCMC) (Chinese: 中央军委联合参谋部) is the operational command organ of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was established on 11 January 2016, under the military reforms of Central Military Commission (CMC) chairman Xi Jinping.

Headquartered in Beijing, the Joint Staff Department (JSD) is under the absolute leadership of the CMC and likely serves as an institutional link between members of the CMC and post-2016 PLA theater commands. According to the JSD, its main duties include carrying out combat support planning and combat command support, studying and formulating military strategy and requirements, organizing combat capability assessment, arranging and instructing joint training; and combat readiness and routine war preparedness work.
Elizabeth Walter
Elizabeth Walter  (1927 – 8 May 2006) was an English writer of novels and short stories in the horror and fantasy genres.

She was born in London but grew up in the Welsh Border country (Herefordshire). She lived in London in later life though with periodic returns to the Wye Valley and the Black Mountains. An editor for the British publishing house Collins, she edited their Crime Club titles for more than thirty years, from 1961 until she retired in 1994 and the imprint was brought to a close.

She authored six short story collections and four novels. Three of her stories were filmed for television. Several of her supernatural tales were inspired by travels in other countries, especially Germany. She also edited A Christmas Scrapbook for Collins (1979, ISBN 0 00 216196 6), a selection of Victorian images from the Mansell Collection alongside "quaint and curious items of Christmas lore".

Black Mountains, United Kingdom
The Black Mountains (Welsh: Y Mynydd Du or Y Mynyddoedd Duon) is a group of hills on the England–Wales border. The larger Welsh part is located in south-east Powys and north-west Monmouthshire, and the smaller English part in western Herefordshire. The range lies approximately within a triangle defined by Abergavenny in the south-east, Hay-on-Wye in the north, and Llangors in the west; Talgarth and Crickhowell are also nearby.

The Welsh part of the Black Mountains is the easternmost of the four ranges of hills that comprise the Brecon Beacons National Park; it should not be confused with the westernmost, the similarly-named Black Mountain. The Black Mountains contain a peak called the Black Mountain, which is the highest point in southern England. The Gospel Pass road is the highest public road in Wales.
Battle of Midway (horse)
Battle of Midway (January 30, 2014 – February 23, 2019) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his upset victory in the 2017 Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile. He also finished third in the 2017 Kentucky Derby before winning the Affirmed Stakes and Shared Belief Stakes that year. Briefly retired to stud in 2018, he proved sub-fertile and was returned to racing that summer. In his second career, he won several stakes races including the Native Diver and San Pasqual. He was euthanized on February 23, 2019, after suffering a severe fracture to the hind pastern while in training for his next race.

Santa Anita Derby
The Santa Anita Derby is an American Grade 1 thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds run each April at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. It is currently run at a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles on the dirt and carries a purse of US$500,000. It is one of the final prep races on the official Road to the Kentucky Derby.
Dr George Mukhari Hospital
Dr George Mukhari Hospital is an Academic Hospital situated in the north of Pretoria near the township of Ga-Rankuwa. The previous name was Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. It is a teaching facility for the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University formerly known as Medical University of Southern Africa/University of Ga-Rankuwa Medunsa Campus. It is the second largest hospital in South Africa.

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU; Afrikaans: Sefatho Makgatho Universiteit vir Gesondheidswetenskappe), formerly known as Medical University of South Africa (MEDUNSA), is a public medical university in Ga-Rankuwa, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Its current incarnation was formed on 1 January 2015. It is named after South African ANC leader Sefako Makgatho.
Château de Greifenstein
The Château de Greifenstein (French pronunciation: [ʃato də ɡʁaifənʃtain] ⓘ) is a ruined castle in the commune of Saverne in the Bas-Rhin département of France. Property of the state, it has been listed since 1898 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall
Stonyhurst St Mary's Hall (commonly known as S.M.H.) is the preparatory school to Stonyhurst College. It is an independent co-educational Catholic school, for ages 3–11, founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It is adjacent to Stonyhurst College, outside the small village of Hurst Green, near Clitheroe in Lancashire, England. It is primarily a day school but has some boarders. Its building was constructed in 1830 and it is a Grade II Iisted building. Close by was Hodder Place School (opened in 1807) and in 1970 the pupils were transferred from Hodder Place to St Mary's Hall, giving St Mary's a claim to be the oldest preparatory school in the country.

Clitheroe
Clitheroe (/ˈklɪðəroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located 34 miles (55 km) north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279.

The town was listed in the 2017 The Sunday Times report on the best places to live in Northern England, while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 Sunday Times report on the best places to live. Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom.

The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is one of the smallest Norman keeps in Great Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac.
Bidur Prasad Sapkota
Bidur Prasad Sapkota (Nepali: विदुर प्रसाद सापकोटा, 1965 or 1966 – 20 February 2025) was a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist). In 2013, he won the Kavre–4 seat in the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly with total votes of 16, 754. He died on 20 February 2025, at the age of 59.

2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
The Second Constituent Assembly of Nepal, later converted to the Legislature Parliament (Nepali: व्यवस्थापिका संसद), was a unicameral legislature of Nepal. It was elected in the 2013 Constituent Assembly elections after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly (CA) to promulgate a new constitution. The Assembly converted into a legislative parliament after the constitution was promulgated in 2015. The legislature parliament's term ended on 14 October 2017.
My Fair Wesen
"My Fair Wesen" is the 20th episode of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series Grimm  and the 64th episode overall, which premiered on May 2, 2014, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Sean Calder from a story by Thomas Ian Griffith and Rob Wright, and was directed by Clark Mathis.

Clark Mathis
Clark Mathis (sometimes credited as J. Clark Mathis) is an American cinematographer and television director.

As a cinematographer, he photographed a number of notable films. His credits include the Disney Channel original film Gotta Kick It Up! (2002), In the Mix (2005), Rocky Balboa (2006) and Brian Robbins-directed films The Perfect Score (2004), Norbit (2007), Meet Dave (2008) and A Thousand Words (2012), the latter three films starring Eddie Murphy. He also photographed for the television series Cousin Skeeter, The Fugitive, Birds of Prey and Love Bites.

He made his directorial debut with the film Bereft (2004), co-directing with actor Tim Daly. Since then he has primarily directed television, directing episodes of The Comeback, One Tree Hill, Blue Mountain State, Supah Ninjas and Grimm.
Proximal gradient methods for learning
Proximal gradient (forward backward splitting) methods for learning is an area of research in optimization and statistical learning theory which studies algorithms for a general class of convex regularization problems where the regularization penalty may not be differentiable. One such example is  regularization (also known as Lasso) of the form

Proximal gradient methods offer a general framework for solving regularization problems from statistical learning theory with penalties that are tailored to a specific problem application. Such customized penalties can help to induce certain structure in problem solutions, such as sparsity (in the case of lasso) or group structure (in the case of  group lasso).

Semi-continuity
In mathematical analysis, semicontinuity (or semi-continuity) is a property of extended real-valued functions that is weaker than continuity. An extended real-valued function  is upper (respectively, lower) semicontinuous at a point  if, roughly speaking, the function values for arguments near  are not much higher (respectively, lower) than  Briefly, a function on a domain  is lower semi-continuous if its epigraph  is closed in , and upper semi-continuous if  is lower semi-continuous.

A function is continuous if and only if it is both upper  and lower semicontinuous. If we take a continuous function and increase its value at a certain point  to  for some , then the result is upper semicontinuous; if we decrease its value to  then the result is lower semicontinuous.

The notion of upper and lower semicontinuous function was first introduced and studied by René Baire in his thesis in 1899.
Yasnyshche
Yasnyshche (Ukrainian: Яснище) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Pidkamin settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From 1918 to 1939, the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship, an administrative region of interwar Poland.

Until 18 July 2020, Yasnyshche belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Exo videography
Exo is a South Korean-Chinese boy band produced by SM Entertainment. Initially separated into subgroups Exo-K and Exo-M, respectively performing music in Korean and Mandarin, the band debuted on April 8, 2012 with the single, "Mama". Prior to debut, various members of the band had modeled in music videos performed by senior SM Entertainment artists.

The band has released fifteen albums since their debut (not including repackaged albums), the EPs Mama, Miracles in December, Sing for You, Overdose, For Life, Universe, Don't Fight the Feeling, and the studio albums XOXO, Exodus, Ex'Act, The War, Countdown, Don't Mess Up My Tempo, Obsession, and Exist.

Don't Fight the Feeling
Don't Fight the Feeling is the seventh EP by South Korean–Chinese boy band Exo. It was released by SM Entertainment on June 7, 2021, and marketed as a "special album" and a gift for fans. The album marks the group's first new material since their 2019 studio album Obsession, and features the return of members Xiumin, Lay, and D.O. since Don't Mess Up My Tempo (2018). Don't Fight the Feeling topped the Gaon Album Chart and has sold over one million copies, the sixth among Exo's albums to have reached this milestone.
1924 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1924 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 36th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 6 April 1924 and ended on 26 October 1924.

St. Finbarr's were the defending champions.

On 26 October 1924, Blackrock won the championship following a 3–5 to 1–2 defeat of Redmonds in the final. This was their 16th championship title overall and their first title in four years.

Mallow GAA
Mallow GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Mallow, County Cork, Ireland. The club fields teams in hurling, Gaelic football, Camogie and Ladies Gaelic Football (LGFA).

The club's hurling team competes in the Cork Intermediate A Hurling Championship having been relegated from the Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship in 2025. The club's Gaelic football team competes in the Cork Premier Senior Football Championship having won the Cork Senior A Football Championship in 2021.
Lindon Williams
Lindon Williams (December 27, 1932 – September 24, 1989) was a Texas Democratic Party politician and Justice of the Peace. He was a Texas State Senator for District 6 (Houston) from 1975 until 1985, and a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1967 until 1974.

He died of an apparent heart attack in Baytown, Texas on September 24, 1989. He was married to Evelyn Burkett Williams of Shingler, Georgia. They had two sons, Gerald D. Williams and Lindon M. Williams II.

Baytown, Texas
Baytown is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within Harris and Chambers counties. Located in the metropolitan statistical area of Greater Houston, it lies on the northern side of the Galveston Bay complex near the outlets of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. It is the sixth-largest city within this metropolitan area and seventh largest community (including The Woodlands CDP). Major highways serving the city include State Highway 99, State Highway 146 and Interstate 10. At the 2020 U.S. census, Baytown had a population of 83,701, and it had an estimated population of 84,324 in 2022.
Cuttalossa Valley Historic District
Cuttalossa Valley Historic District is a national historic district located in Solebury Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.  The district includes 23 contributing buildings, 10 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures along the narrow valley of Cuttalossa Creek.  The district encompasses a variety of resources including dwellings, outbuildings, a mill, bridges, a fountain, and the remains of mills, dams, and mill races.  A number of the buildings exhibit vernacular Federal and Georgian style details. Notable buildings include the Hard Times Tavern (c. 1750), Samuel Armitage House, Hill House, Watson Kenderline House, Cuttalossa Inn, and Laurelton.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.