hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ofer Biham
Ofer Biham (Hebrew: עופר ביהם) is a faculty member at The Racah Institute of Physics of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.  Biham received his Ph.D. for research on quasiperiodic systems at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1988, under the supervision of David Mukamel.

Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (or simply Weizmann; Hebrew: מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) was established in 1934 as a public research university in Rehovot, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.

The institute is now a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute.  Unlike other Israeli universities, it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural and exact sciences.

As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners.
2022 Thurrock Council election
The 2022 Thurrock Council election took place on 5 May 2022 to elect a third of the members of Thurrock Council in England. Sixteen of the council's 49 seats were contested in sixteen of Thurrock's twenty electoral wards. There are two or three seats in each ward depending on its population. This was on the same day as other local elections across the United Kingdom.

The Conservatives won the popular vote by 91 votes and retained their thirty-seat majority in the council while Labour came out with fourteen seats, the lowest amount they have ever held on the council. The average turnout for the election was 26.41% per ward, meaning that one in four of all of Thurrock's eligible voters had participated.

Thurrock Council
Thurrock Council is the local authority for the borough of Thurrock in the ceremonial county of Essex, England. Since 1998 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. It is a member of the East of England Local Government Association. The council is based in Grays.

In 2022 the council's level of debt arising from failed investments led to it issuing a Section 114 notice, being the local authority equivalent of declaring bankruptcy. The government directed neighbouring Essex County Council to take over Thurrock's finances and also appointed a new managing director for the council.

Since 2024, the government has planned to abolish the council and merge it with other parts of Essex as part of its planned reorganisation of local government in Essex in 2025, with the next local elections in 2025 likely postponed until 2026.
Tomahawk Fire
The Tomahawk Fire was the second-largest wildfire of the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires, behind the Pulgas Fire. The fire, which started on May 14 around 9:45 AM, on the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Detachment Fallbrook (also known as Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station), scorched 5,367 acres (21.72 km2). The Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station is on the eastern side of, and provides an entry point to, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton and is adjacent to the community of Fallbrook. Evacuation orders were issued for several schools and housing areas, as well as the Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station and the closed San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. By 8 PM PDT on May 14, the Tomahawk Fire had reached a size of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha). On May 16, the fire had burned 6,300 acres (2,500 ha), and it was 23% contained. By May 17, it had burned 6,500 acres (2,600 ha) and was 65% contained. During the evening of May 18, the fire was reported to be 100% contained.

Fallbrook, California
Fallbrook is a census-designated place in northern San Diego County, California. It had a population of 32,267 at the 2020 census. Fallbrook is immediately east of the U.S. Marine Corps' Camp Pendleton. It is known for its avocado groves and calls itself the "Avocado Capital of the World".
Nicholas Eberstadt
Nicholas Nash Eberstadt (born 1955) is an American political economist. He holds the Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a political think tank. He is also a Senior Adviser to the National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), a member of the visiting committee at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a member of the Global Leadership Council at the World Economic Forum.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school at Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. It was named after Hong Kong entrepreneur Chan Tseng-hsi in 2014 following a US$350 million donation, the largest in Harvard's history at the time.

The school grew out of the Harvard–MIT School for Health Officers, the country's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922.
The Return of Mr. Zone 6
The Return of Mr. Zone 6 is the eighth studio album by American rapper Gucci Mane. It was released on March 22, 2011, by 1017 Brick Squad Records and Asylum Records. The album features guest appearances from Birdman, Waka Flocka Flame, Master P and Rocko, while the majority of the production was provided by Drumma Boy, except for two tracks that were produced by Zaytoven and Southside.

The album debuted at number 18 on the Billboard 200 and number 2 on the Billboard's Top Rap Albums charts, with first week sales of 22,064 copies in the United States.

1017 Records
1017 Global Music, LLC, also known as The New 1017 Records (formerly known as 1017 Brick Squad, So Icey Entertainment, and 1017 Eskimo, briefly GUWOP Enterprises), is an American record label founded by Gucci Mane in 2007. Its formation followed his departure from Mizay Entertainment and the dissolution of So Icey. The label has signed mainly Atlanta-based hip hop recording artists, such as Young Thug, Waka Flocka Flame, Pooh Shiesty and OJ da Juiceman, among others.
Bruno Creek Tailings Impoundment
The Bruno Creek Tailings Impoundment is a tailings dam on Bruno Creek, 19 mi (31 km) southwest of Challis in Custer County, Idaho. It serves to store tailings for the nearby Thompson Creek Mine. At 550 ft (168 m) tall, it is the second tallest center-line tailings dam in the world. In 2008, Phase 8 of the mine was approved which includes a raising of the dam to 750 ft (229 m). The dam is mainly composed of cycloned sand. Currently, the dam stores 100,000,000 t (98,420,653 long tons; 110,231,131 short tons) of tailings and the raise would increase storage to 125,000,000 t (123,025,816 long tons; 137,788,914 short tons). The downstream slope of the dam will be steepened from 3:1 to 2.75:1. In 1994, it was discovered that acid mine drainage had been forming on the embankment since 1987. Since seepage does occur at the dam, a system of wells was installed to monitor groundwater and a seepage return dam was constructed downstream.

Challis, Idaho
Challis is the largest city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is the county seat and its population was 1,081 at the 2010 census. The 2020 census showed 902 residents, a 16.6% drop. And as of 2023, the population increased to 924.
Qalam Institute of Higher Education
Qalam Institute of Higher Education is a for-profit private coeducational higher education institution in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Qalam is officially accredited and/or recognized by the Afghan Ministry of Higher Education.

Ministry of Higher Education (Afghanistan)
The Afghan Ministry of Higher Education (Dari: وزارت تحصیلات عالی, Pashto: د افغانستان د لوړو زده کړو وزارت) is the Government ministry that is in charge of regulating, expanding, and developing Afghanistan's institutions of higher education.

The Ministry is responsible for the training of teachers and for establishing a national higher education curriculum as well as special education programs such as in-service training and promoting further education for university faculty members.

The Ministry also develops partnerships with international universities, organizes seminars and conferences, ensures that residential accommodation is available for students and teachers of universities and provides expertise and training in accounting, management procedures, and computer literacy.
History of Tuva
The territory currently known as Tuva has been occupied by various groups throughout its history. Sources are rare and unclear for most of Tuva's early history. Archeological evidence indicates a Scythian presence possibly as early as the 9th century BC. Tuva was conquered relatively easily by the succession of empires which swept across the region. It was most likely held by various Turkic khanates until 1207. It was then ruled by various Mongol-led regimes (including the Yuan dynasty) until the 18th century, when it submitted to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Slow Russian colonization during the 19th century led to progressive annexation of the region to Russia in the 20th century. The region was then controlled by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union before finally joining the Russian Federation in 1992. Throughout this whole time, the borders of Tuva have seen very little modification.

Outer Mongolia
Outer Mongolia was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia and the Russian republic of Tuva.

The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution and the Republic of China formally recognized the independence of Mongolia on January 5, 1946. This was revoked in 1953 after the Soviet Union violated the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and the ROC reasserted claims to Outer Mongolia, a claim that would continue to appear in ROC maps until 2002 when the Democratic Progressive Party-led government re-recognized Mongolia.
Chimala Mission Hospital
The Chimala Mission Hospital is a Christian hospital located in Chimala, Mbarali District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania. The hospital has a monthly average of 750 in-patients, 750 monthly outpatients and 6,000 yearly patients in the HIV clinics. The hospital was founded in 1962.

Mbarali District
Mbarali District is one of the five districts of Mbeya Region, Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by Iringa region and east by Njombe region. To the south the district is bordered by Mbeya District and to the west by Chunya District.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 331,206 people in the district, from 300,517 in 2012.: 97 : 118

Mbarali district is the most famous area for rice farming. The district is home to Kapunga rice project and Mbarali estate. The district hosts a very famous wetland called Ihefu, as well as the Usangu plain. Ruaha National Park is within the district to the north side.
Westbourne (Brighton and Hove ward)
Westbourne was an electoral ward in Hove, England. The population of the ward at the 2021 census was 9,785. It was part of the parliamentary constituency of Hove and Portslade.

Following a review of boundaries, the ward was abolished and became part of the wards of Westbourne & Poets' Corner and Wish for the 2023 election.

2023 Brighton and Hove City Council election
The 2023 Brighton and Hove City Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect members of Brighton and Hove City Council, England. This was at the same time as other local elections in England. Due to a boundary review, there was a change in ward boundaries, but the city council continued to comprise 54 members.

The council had been under no overall control prior to the election, being run by a Green minority administration led by Phélim Mac Cafferty. At this election Labour gained several extra seats to win an overall majority, whilst the Greens lost several seats, including Mac Cafferty's.
Parasyrphus
Parasyrphus is a genus of hover fly found in the holarctic area of the world including species like Parasyrphus tarsatus  located in some very northern areas. Very few of the 31 identified species have known larvae. Of the known larvae most are predators of tree aphids with two, Parasyrphus nigritarsis and Parasyrphus melanderi, that feed on beetle eggs and larvae.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
History of transportation in New York City
Transportation in New York City has ranged from strong Dutch authority in the 17th century, expansionism during the industrial era in the 19th century and half of the 20th century, to cronyism during the Robert Moses era. The shape of New York City's transportation system changed as the city did, and the result is an expansive modern-day system of industrial-era infrastructure. New York City, being the most populous city in the United States, has a transportation system which includes one of the largest subway systems in the world; the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel; and an aerial tramway.

Parkway
A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded.

Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with a landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both.

The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes.
Ernest Shattock
Ernest Keith Shattock (7 April 1887 – 1 May 1962) was an English first-class cricketer.

The son of Arthur Foster Shattock, he was born at Wandsworth in April 1887 and was educated at Dulwich College. Travelling to British India, Shattock served in the British India Army Reserve with the 7th Hariana Lancers during the First World War, gaining the rank of second lieutenant in July 1918. In India, Shattock played first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team on eleven occasions in the Madras Presidency Matches between 1915 and 1927. Playing as a wicket-keeper in the Europeans team, he scored 321 runs at an average of 16.05; he made two half centuries, with a highest score of 74. Behind the stumps he took 8 catches and made 7 stumpings. A resident in Madras, Shattock was employed as an assistant for the merchants Best and Co Ltd, Madras. Retiring to England, he died at Berkhamsted in May 1962. He was married to Elsa Maria Sanders, with the couple having one son.

Madras Presidency Match
The Madras Presidency Match was an annual first-class cricket fixture played in Madras (now Chennai) from the 1915–16 season to 1951–52 between teams called the Indians and the Europeans (i.e., Europeans who were living in India). The matches were played in the Chepauk Grounds (the present M. A. Chidambaram Stadium) usually in mid-January around the time of Pongal festival, and the fixture was sometimes called the Pongal match. Of the 37 matches played, 33 were first-class and the Indians won 15 of those, the Europeans eight and ten were drawn.
Clarence W. Russell
Clarence William Russell (c. 1886 – February 5, 1919) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at West Virginia University in 1907, at the Colorado School of Mines in 1908, and at New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts—now known as New Mexico State University—from 1914 to 1916, compiling a career college football record of 19–15–2. Russell was also the head basketball coach at New Mexico A&M from 1914 to 1917 and the school's head baseball coach in 1915.

A native of Oskaloosa, Iowa, Russell later worked for the Central California Electric company. He died from influenza, on February 5, 1919, at his home in Visalia, California.

Oskaloosa, Iowa
Oskaloosa is a city in, and the county seat of, Mahaska County, Iowa. The population was 11,558 in the 2020 U.S. census. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Oskaloosa was a national center of bituminous coal mining. Today, Oskaloosa is home to William Penn University, a private university, and Lake Keomah State Park which is located four miles east of the city.
Randolph H. Runden
Randolph H. Runden (August 27, 1897 – December 15, 1964) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Runden received his bachelor's degree from University of Wisconsin–Madison and was a farmer in the town of Norway in Racine County, Wisconsin. Runden served on the Town of Norway Board and was town chairman. He also served on the Racine County Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the board. Runden was also commissioner of the Norway-Dover Drainage District and was a Republican. From 1941 to 1949. Runden served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. Runden died in Racine, Wisconsin.

Norway, Wisconsin
The Town of Norway is located in Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 7,916 at the 2020 census. The census-designated place of Wind Lake is in the town. The unincorporated communities of North Cape and Union Church are also located partially in the town.
Hierdensche Brook
Hierdensche Brook is a stream in the province of Gelderland, Netherlands, with a total length of approximately 25 kilometers. It originates from the Uddelermeer and Bleeke Meer near the village of Uddel and flows northward to its mouth at the Veluwemeer near the village of Hierden. The stream is referred to by different names along various sections of its course. In the area of Leuvenum, it is referred to as the Leuvenumsche Beek, and in the vicinity of Staverden, it is known as the Staverdensche Beek.

Hierden
Hierden is a farming village in the centre-east of Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Harderwijk, Gelderland.

It was first mentioned 1331 as Heyrde and means "solid underground". The first church was built in the 17th century. The current church dates from 1880. Groot Essenburg is a manor house which was built in 1652 and modified in 1767 and 1929. In 1840, it was home to 957 people.
Common cuckoo
The cuckoo, common cuckoo, European cuckoo or Eurasian cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, Cuculiformes, which includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals.

This species is a widespread summer migrant to Europe and Asia, and winters in Africa. It is a brood parasite, which means it lays eggs in the nests of other bird species, particularly of dunnocks, meadow pipits, and reed warblers. Although its eggs are larger than those of its hosts, the eggs in each type of host nest resemble the host's eggs. The adult too is a mimic, in its case of the sparrowhawk; since that species is a predator, the mimicry gives the female time to lay her eggs without being attacked.

Coucal
A coucal is one of about 30 species of birds in the cuckoo family. All of them belong in the subfamily Centropodinae and the genus Centropus. Unlike many Old World cuckoos, coucals are not brood parasites, though they do have their own reproductive peculiarity: all members of the genus are (to varying degrees) sex-role reversed, so that the smaller male provides most of the parental care. Male pheasant coucals  (Centropus phasianinus) invest in building the nest, incubate for the most part and take a major role in feeding the young. At least one coucal species, the black coucal, is polyandrous.
1917 Sam Houston Normal football team
The 1917 Sam Houston Normal football team represented Sam Houston Normal Institute—now known as Sam Houston State University—as an independent during the 1917 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Gene Berry, Sam Houston Normal compiled a record of 1–3.

1917 college football season
The 1917 college football season ended with six undefeated teams in Georgia Tech, Pittsburgh, Ohio State, Texas A&M, Williams, and Washington State.

The Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book lists only Georgia Tech as national champions, the South's first.

Tech coach John Heisman challenged Pitt coach Pop Warner to a postseason contest to determine a national champion, but as such a match did not occur until the next season. The Golden Tornado was invited to play a 4–3 Oregon team in the Rose Bowl, but by then many players had joined the war effort.

In the second week of play, Georgia Tech beat Penn 41–0. Bernie McCarty called it "Strupper's finest hour, coming through against powerful Penn in the contest that shocked the East." By comparison, Pitt defeated Penn 14–6.
Sweet Western Sound
Sweet Western Sound is the 27th solo studio album by American country music singer and songwriter Tanya Tucker. It was released on June 2, 2023, by Fantasy Records. The album was produced by Brandi Carlile and Shooter Jennings and is the follow-up to Tucker's Grammy-winning 2019 album, While I'm Livin'.

Fantasy Records
Fantasy Records is an American independent record label company founded by brothers Max and Sol Stanley Weiss in 1949. The early years of the company were dedicated to issuing recordings by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, who was also one of its investors, but in more recent years the label has been known for its recordings of comedian Lenny Bruce, jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, the last recordings made on the Wurlitzer organ in the San Francisco Fox Theatre before the theatre was demolished, organist Korla Pandit, the 1960s rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, bandleader Woody Herman, and disco and R&B singer Sylvester.
Hovet, Buskerud
Hovet is a mountain village in Hol, Buskerud, Norway.

Hovet is located between Strandavatnet and Hovsfjorden. Hovet is the site of Hovet Chapel (Hovet kapell). The church is located in the south-east slope of a hill that shoots out into the valley from the north. It was constructed from drawings prepared by architect Ole Stein and inaugurated in 1910. The walls are built of timber frame and rest on a grouted natural stone foundation. All roofs are covered with slate.

Håkonsæt Fjellvilla is a mountain villa. It is situated in the centre of Hovet, near Hallingskarvet National Park, 15 minutes from Skisenter Hallingskarvet in Sudndalen, Hovet. and 20 min from the ski resorts of Geilo.

Buskerud
Buskerud (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbʉ̂skərʉː] ⓘ) is a county in Norway, bordering Akershus, Oslo, Innlandet, Vestland, Telemark and Vestfold. It extends from Oslofjord and Drammensfjord in the southeast to the Hardangervidda mountain range in the northwest. The administrative centre of the county is Drammen.

Buskerud was one of the three counties merged into Viken on 1 January 2020. On 23 February 2022, the Viken County Council voted 49-38 to submit an application to the Norwegian government for a demerger of itself. Due to this, Buskerud (except the area forming the defunct municipalities of Røyken and Hurum) was re-established in 2024.