hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Platylesches galesa
Platylesches galesa, the white-tail hopper or black hopper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Transvaal, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. It is common in forest and woodland.

The wingspan is 33–37 mm for males and 36–40 mm for females.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Ülemiste Tunnel
The Ülemiste Tunnel is a road tunnel in Tallinn, Estonia. It is located southeast of the city centre near the Lake Ülemiste. The tunnel connects Peterburi road (Tallinn–Narva Road, part of E20) with Järvevana road (part of the inner beltway). It opened on 9 October 2013. The tunnel is 320 m (1,050 ft) long and consists of two parts divided by a thick concrete wall. It is the only road tunnel of its kind in Estonia.

European route E20
European route E20 is a part of the United Nations International E-road network. It runs roughly west–east from Shannon Airport, Ireland to Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Its length is 1,880 km (1,170 mi) but it is not continuous; at three points, a sea crossing is required. Roll-on/roll-off ferries make the crossings between Dublin and Liverpool as well as between Stockholm and Tallinn. No publicly accessible ferries traverse the North Sea from Kingston-upon-Hull to Esbjerg (as of 2019), but a ferry for commercial drivers runs between Immingham and Esbjerg on most days.
Argyrotaenia posticirosea
Argyrotaenia posticirosea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is known from the Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park (Pasco Region), Peru. The holotype was collected at 2,460 m (8,070 ft) above sea level.

The wingspan is about 19 mm for the holotype, a female.

Department of Pasco
Pasco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpasko]; Quechua: Pasqu) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's central highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cerro de Pasco.
Dutch Schaefer (racing driver)
Ed "Dutch" Schaefer (June 23, 1915 – March 12, 1978) was an American racecar driver.

Schaefer was 1940 champion at the track at Cedarhurst, New York. He won the 1946 and 1948 track championships at Philadelphia’s Yellow Jacket Speedway. He was a four-time American Racing Drivers Club (ARDC) midget car champion (1956, 1957, 1960, and 1965). He served as President of the East Coast regional racing organization from 1952 to 1968. Schaefer once won a USAC national midget event at Hershey, Pennsylvania by lapping the entire field. He later became the President of the Super Midget Racing Club, and won the series' title in 1973. He died in 1978.

Midget car racing
Midget cars, also Speedcars in Australia, is a class of racing cars. The cars are very small, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, and typically use four-cylinder engines. They originated in the United States in the 1930s and are raced on most continents. There is a worldwide tour and national midget tours in the United States, Australia, Argentina and New Zealand.
Umsinde Emoyeni Wind Power Station
The Umsinde Emoyeni Wind Power Station (UEWPS), is a 140 MW wind power plant under construction in South Africa. The power station is under development by a consortium comprising (i) African Clean Energy Developments (ACED) and (ii) Energy Infrastructure Management Services (EIMS Africa). Both entities are subsidiaries of African Infrastructure Investment Managers (AIIM), an asset manager entity headquartered in Cape Town, South Africa.

The power generated here is intended for sale to Sibanye-Stillwater, the South African mining conglomerate, to support its gold, platinum-group elements and related metals mining operations in South Africa. The power will be transmitted from the wind farm to the off-taker by Eskom, the national electricity utility company under a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) and a long-term  "wheeling agreement".

Platinum group
The platinum-group metals (PGMs) are six noble, precious metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6).

The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. However, they can be further subdivided into the iridium-group platinum-group elements (IPGEs: Os, Ir, Ru) and the palladium-group platinum-group elements (PPGEs: Rh, Pt, Pd) based on their behaviour in geological systems.

The three elements above the platinum group in the periodic table (iron, nickel and cobalt) are all ferromagnetic; these, together with the lanthanide element gadolinium (at temperatures below 20 °C), are the only known transition metals that display ferromagnetism near room temperature.
Dougabougou
Dougabougou is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune covers an area of approximately 180 square kilometers and includes the town and 6 villages. In the 2009 census the population was 29,208. The town lies 20 km north of the Markala dam. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the production of sugar on land irrigated by the Office du Niger scheme. A Chinese-Malian company (Sukala SA) produces sugar in the town.

Ségou Cercle
Ségou Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Ségou Region of Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Ségou.

The cercle is divided into 30 communes:

Different ethnicities are present in Ségou : Bambaras, Fula people, Miniankas, Bozos, Somonos, Dogons and Soninkés.
Into Cold Darkness
Into Cold Darkness is the second album by Vital Remains. It was released in 1995 by Peaceville Records, and re-issued in 2003 with two bonus tracks as a digipak. The last to feature lead guitarist Paul Flynn and vocalist Jeff Gruslin and the only album to feature drummer Rick Corbett.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
AN/APG-63 radar family
The AN/APG-63 and AN/APG-70 are a family of all-weather multimode radar systems designed by Hughes Aircraft (later Raytheon) for the F-15 Eagle air superiority fighter. These X band pulse-Doppler radar systems are designed for both air-air and air-ground missions; they are able to look up at high-flying targets and down at low-flying targets without being confused by ground clutter. The systems can detect and track aircraft and small high-speed targets at distances beyond visual range down to close range, and at altitudes down to treetop level. The radar feeds target information into the aircraft's central computer for effective weapons delivery. For close-in dogfights, the radar automatically acquires enemy aircraft and projects this information onto the cockpit head-up display. The name is assigned from the Army Navy Joint Electronics Type Designation System.

X band
The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In some cases, such as in communication engineering, the frequency range of the X band is set at approximately 7.0–11.2 GHz. In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as 8.0–12.0 GHz. The X band is used for radar, satellite communication, and wireless computer networks.
Foxbat (film)
Foxbat (Chinese: 狐蝠; pinyin: Hú Fú; Jyutping: wu4 fuk1; lit. 'flying fox') is a 1977 action spy film directed by Po-Chih Leong, co-written by Terence Young, and starring Henry Silva, Vonetta McGee, Rik Van Nutter, and Roy Chiao. It is based on an original story by Philip Chan and Leong, and is based on the circumstances surrounding the defection of Soviet Air Force pilot Viktor Belenko and the capture of the MiG-25 "Foxbat" fighter.

It was the first English-language production for the Hong Kong–based Leong. English filmmaker Young made some contributions to the script, which led to him being advertised as a co-director in many countries, though he was not involved in the actual shooting of the film. Despite being targeted at the American market, it was not released in the United States theatrically, and was eventually aired on CBS under the title Operation Foxbat.

Viktor Belenko
Viktor Ivanovich Belenko (Russian: Виктор Иванович Беленко; February 15, 1947 – September 24, 2023) was a Soviet-born American aerospace engineer and pilot who defected in 1976 to the West while flying his MiG-25 "Foxbat" jet interceptor and landed in Hakodate, Japan. George H. W. Bush, the Director of Central Intelligence at the time, called the opportunity to examine the plane up close an "intelligence bonanza" for the West. Belenko later became a U.S. aerospace engineer.
Talmine
Talmine (Arabic: ﻃﺎﻟﻤﻴﻦ) was a town and commune in Charouine District, Adrar Province, in south-central Algeria. In 2019, the redistribution moved the larger Charouine District into the newly-created Timimoun Province. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 12,768, up from 9,469 in 1998, with an annual growth rate of 3.1%.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Canoeing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's slalom C-1
The women's slalom C-1 canoeing event at the 2015 Pan American Games will be held between the 18 and 19 of July at the Minden Wild Water Preserve in Minden Hills. At the Pan American Sports Organization's 2013 general assembly in Jamaica, canoe slalom competitions were added to the program. This will be the first time slalom has been staged at the Pan American Games. Furthermore, women will also compete in canoe races for the first time ever in both disciplines. The winners of the four canoe slalom competitions (besides the C-1 women event, which is not an Olympic event) will qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. If the host nation of the Olympics (Brazil) wins the event, the runner up will qualify instead.

Minden Wild Water Preserve
The Minden Wild Water Preserve is a current natural canoeing and kayaking slalom facility in Minden, Ontario, Canada, and was used for the 2015 Pan American Games canoe slalom events. The facility's renovations were completed in 2014, one year before the 2015 Pan American Games began. The venue was the furthest games venue from Toronto at about 191 km away.

The renovations to the facility cost about $2 million.
Hubble sequence
The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork.
It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.

The tuning fork scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. The Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research and in amateur astronomy.

Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded film as the primary medium for capturing images in photography. These plates, made of metal or glass and coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, were integral to early photographic processes such as heliography, daguerreotypes, and photogravure. Glass plates, thinner than standard window glass, became widely used in the late 19th century for their clarity and reliability. Although largely replaced by film during the 20th century, plates continued to be used for specialised scientific and medical purposes until the late 20th century.
2000 Volvo Women's Open – Doubles
Émilie Loit and Åsa Carlsson were the defending champions, but Loit did not compete this year. Carlsson teamed up with Silvia Farina Elia and lost in the semifinals to Yayuk Basuki and Caroline Vis.

Basuki and Vis won the title by defeating Tina Križan and Katarina Srebotnik 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Émilie Loit
Émilie Loit (French pronunciation: [emili lwa]; born 9 June 1979) is a former tennis player from France.

Her three career singles titles, all on clay, included Estoril and Casablanca both in 2004, and Acapulco in 2007. She also won 16 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. Her highest rankings were No. 27 in singles and No. 15 in doubles.

On 24 May 2009, right after losing her first-round match at the French Open, she announced her retiring from professional tennis by the end of the tournament.

In summer 2011, she gave birth to a son, Mathias.
Grandchamp, Yonne
Grandchamp (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ʃɑ̃] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Orée-de-Puisaye.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Kalon
Kalon (Tajik: Калон) is a village in Tajikistan. It is located in Varzob District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. It is the seat of the jamoat Zideh. 
It is located along the old M34 highway.

M34 highway (Tajikistan)
The M34 is a major soviet-era highway of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, that connected the Tajik capital Dushanbe with the Uzbek capital Tashkent.

Due to the fact that with the independeince of the two states, the boundary between them became an international border, the road has been cut off for a distance of approximately 30 km between Xovos and Istaravshan. Prior to 1991, the highway crossed the Uzbek-Tajik boundary 3 times between the two cities.

In Tajikistan, with the reclassification of highways after independence, 227 km of the highway have been incorporated into Highway  РБ01 , connecting Dushanbe to the country's second largest city of Khujand.

In Uzbekistan, 153 km of the highway remains, and is still officially designated as "M34".
Elizabeth Andrew Warren
Elizabeth Andrew Warren (28 April 1786 – 5 May 1864) was a Cornish botanist and marine algologist who spent most of her career collecting along the southern coast of Cornwall. Her goal was to create a herbarium of indigenous plants of Cornwall, and to this end she organized a network of plant collectors for the Royal Horticultural Society of Cornwall and provided numerous specimens to William Hooker at Kew Gardens for his study of British flora.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan
The COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Azerbaijan when its first case was confirmed in February 2020.

Sumgait
Sumgait, officially Sumqayit; /ˌsuːmɡɑːˈiːt/; (Azerbaijani: Sumqayıt, Azerbaijani: [sumɡɑˈjɯt] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, on the Absheron Peninsula, about 31 kilometres (19 miles) away from the capital Baku. The city had a population of 427,000 at the beginning of 2024, making it the second largest city in Azerbaijan after Baku.

The city has a territory of 83 square kilometres (32 sq mi). It was founded as a suburb of Baku in 1944 and received city status on 22 November 1949, growing into a major industrial center during the Soviet period. The municipality of Sumgait also includes the settlements of Jorat and Haji Zeynalabdin. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

The city is best known internationally for where the Sumgait pogrom took place in 1988, in which local Armenian populations were killed or forced to relocate due to threats of violence.
Abakan
Abakan (Russian: Абака́н [ɐbɐˈkan] ⓘ; Khakas: Ағбан Ağban, Абахан Abaxan) is the capital city of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of the Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 165,214—a slight increase over 165,197 recorded during the 2002 Census and a further increase from 154,092 recorded during the 1989 Census.

Yenisei
The Yenisey or Yenisei (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪ/, YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia. Its delta is formed between the Gyda Peninsula and the Taymyr Peninsula.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).
Symphony No. 2 (Zwilich)
The Symphony No. 2, or Cello Symphony is a composition for orchestra by the American composer Ellen Taaffe Zwilich.  The work was composed in 1985 on a commission from the San Francisco Symphony.  It was first performed on November 13, 1985, by the San Francisco Symphony under the direction of Edo de Waart, to whom the piece is dedicated.

San Francisco Symphony
The San Francisco Symphony, founded in 1911, is an American orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Since 1980 the orchestra has been resident at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in the city's Hayes Valley neighborhood. The San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra (founded in 1981) and the San Francisco Symphony Chorus (1972) are part of the organization. Michael Tilson Thomas became the orchestra's music director in 1995, and concluded his tenure in 2020 when Esa-Pekka Salonen took over the position.

Among the orchestra's awards and honors are an Emmy Award and 15 Grammy Awards in the past 26 years.
Walter Fernando
Air Chief Marshal Andibuduge Walter Fernando, VSV, ndc, psc was a senior Sri Lanka Air Force officer, who served as the 7th Commander of the Sri Lankan Air Force and thereafter Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Defence.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Medical encyclopedia
A medical encyclopaedia is a comprehensive written compendium that holds information about diseases, medical conditions, tests, symptoms, injuries, and surgeries. It may contain an extensive gallery of medicine-related photographs and illustrations. 
  
A medical encyclopaedia provides information to readers about health questions. It may also contain some information about the history of diseases, the development of medical technology uses to detect diseases in its early phase.
A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis (pl.: diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in a lot of different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.
Scheele
Scheele is a surname of Germanic origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist

George Heinrich Adolf Scheele (1808–1864), German botanist

Karin Scheele (b. 1968), Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999

Leonard A. Scheele (1907–1993), American physician; Surgeon General of the United States, 1948-56

Nick Scheele (1944–2014), British businessman; chief operating officer of Ford Motor Company

Thomas von Scheele (b. 1969), Swedish table tennis player

Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Wilhelm Scheele (German: [ˈʃeːlə], Swedish: [ˈɧêːlɛ]; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist.

Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified the elements molybdenum, tungsten, barium, nitrogen, and chlorine, among others. Scheele discovered organic acids tartaric, oxalic, uric, lactic, and citric, as well as hydrofluoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids. He preferred speaking German to Swedish his whole life, as German was commonly spoken among Swedish pharmacists.
John Magaro
John Robert Magaro (born February 16, 1983) is an American actor. He has appeared in the films Not Fade Away (2012), The Big Short (2015), Carol (2015), Overlord (2018), First Cow (2019), Showing Up (2022), The Mistress (2022), and Past Lives (2023), and in the series Orange Is the New Black (2015–2019), The Umbrella Academy (2019), and Crisis in Six Scenes (2016). He made his Broadway debut as the escaped convict Earl Williams in the revival of The Front Page in 2016.

The Front Page
The Front Page is a Broadway comedy about newspaper reporters on the police beat. Written by former Chicago reporters Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, it was first produced in 1928 and has been adapted for the cinema several times. The play entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.