hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tjensvoll Church
Tjensvoll Church (Norwegian: Tjensvoll kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the Tjensvoll neighborhood in the borough of Hillevåg in the city of Stavanger. It is the church for the Tjensvoll parish which is part of the Stavanger domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The red brick church was built in a fan-shaped design in 1978 using designs by the architects Per Faltinsen and Inger-Lise Faltinsen. The church seats about 300 people.

Diocese of Stavanger
The Diocese of Stavanger (Norwegian: Stavanger bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers all of Rogaland county in western Norway. The cathedral city is Stavanger, where the Stavanger Cathedral is located.  The bishop is Anne Lise Ådnøy, who has held the post since 2019.
Chuck Kassel
Charles Edward Kassel (November 20, 1903 – November 30, 1977) was an American professional football player who played as an end in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons with the Chicago Bears, the Frankford Yellow Jackets, and the Chicago Cardinals. Before his professional career, he was a star player for Proviso Township High School in Maywood, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago. After his football career, he taught physical education and coached at Proviso for several decades.

Maywood, Illinois
Maywood is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, in the Chicago metropolitan area. It was founded on April 6, 1869, and organized October 22, 1881. The population was 23,512 at the 2020 census.
Collapsology
The term collapsology or collapse studies are neologisms used to designate the transdisciplinary study of the risks of collapse of industrial civilization. It is concerned with the general collapse of societies induced by climate change, as well as "scarcity of resources, vast extinctions, and natural disasters."

Although the concept of civilizational or societal collapse had already existed for many years, collapsology focuses its attention on contemporary, industrial, and globalized societies.

Transdisciplinarity
Transdisciplinarity is an approach that iteratively interweaves knowledge systems, skills, methodologies, values and fields of expertise within inclusive and innovative collaborations that bridge academic disciplines and community perspectives, to develop transformative outcomes that respond to complex societal challenges.

While Multidisciplinarity involves studying a subject from multiple disciplines that maintain their separate identities, and Interdisciplinarity integrates these perspectives to create something greater than the sum of its parts, Transdisciplinarity extends beyond academia by involving societal partners in co-creating knowledge that combines scientific and practical expertise to develop solutions with direct impact on society.
Super Ball
A Super Ball or Superball is a toy bouncy ball based on a type of synthetic rubber invented in 1964 by chemist Norman Stingley.  It is an extremely elastic ball made of Zectron, which contains the synthetic polymer polybutadiene as well as hydrated silica, zinc oxide, stearic acid, and other ingredients.  This compound is  vulcanized with sulfur at a temperature of 165 °C (329 °F) and formed at a pressure of 3,500 psi (24 MPa). The resulting Super Ball has a very high coefficient of restitution, and if dropped from shoulder level on a hard surface, a Super Ball bounces nearly all the way back; thrown down onto a hard surface by an average adult, it can fly over a three-story building.

Coefficient of restitution
In physics, the coefficient of restitution (COR, also denoted by e), can be thought of as a measure of the elasticity of a collision between two bodies. It is a dimensionless parameter defined as the ratio of the relative velocity of separation after a two-body collision to the relative velocity of approach before collision. In most real-world collisions, the value of e lies somewhere between 0 and 1, where 1 represents a perfectly elastic collision (in which the objects rebound with no loss of speed but in the opposite directions) and 0 a perfectly inelastic collision (in which the objects do not rebound at all, and end up touching). The basic equation, sometimes known as Newton's restitution equation, was developed by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687.
Manuel Apicella
Manuel Apicella (born 19 April 1970 in Longjumeau, France) is a French chess grandmaster.

Apicella was awarded the title International Master in 1989 and the GM title in 1995.

In 1990 he won the Paris City Chess Championship. He won the French Chess Championship in 1992 at a category 7 event in Strasbourg. He won the French Team Championship eight times, 1986 playing for Caissa, 1989, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2007 and 2008 for Clichy and 2010 for Châlons-en-Champagne. He won the French Team Cup five times, in 1992, 1996, 1998, 2001 and 2006. In the British 4NCL (Four Nations Chess League) he played for the team Wood Green Hilsmark Kingfisher.

Playing for the French U26 national team he won a bronze medal in the U26 world championship in Paranaguá in 1993. At the European Team Chess Championships he played twice for the French National Team (1989 and 1992). He played for France at three Chess Olympiads, in 1994, 1996 and 2000.

4NCL
The 4NCL, or Four Nations Chess League, is the national chess league of the British Isles. The league is named after the four constituent nations: England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland.

The league is played over five weekends, typically at Midlands hotel venues starting in October/November and finishing on the early May bank holiday), and in the top two divisions teams consist of 8 players (at least one of whom must be female).

The 4NCL is run independently as a limited company outside the control of any individual nation's chess governing bodies.

Although an amateur competition for most of its teams, some of the top teams in the league have been able to secure sponsors (including Chess.com and Chessable) to allow them to hire some of the world's top grandmasters. Some of the players to have played in the 4NCL include Michael Adams, Alexei Shirov, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Anish Giri, Nigel Short, Viktor Korchnoi, Alexander Morozevich, and Peter Svidler.
Jeotgalicoccus coquinae
Jeotgalicoccus coquinae is a species of bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae. A strain of this species was found during a microbiological examination of poultry houses. It was originally isolated from coquina, which is used as a food supplement for female ducks. Jeotgalicoccus coquinae is closely related to Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus.

The shape of the cells is coccoid with 1.5–2.0 μm in diameter. Jeotgalicoccus coquinae is part of the Gram-positive bacteria. The Oxidase test as well as the Catalase test is positive, revealing an aerobic respiratory metabolism.

Staphylococcaceae
Staphylococcaceae, from Ancient Greek σταφυλή (staphulḗ), meaning "bunch of grapes", and κόκκος (kókkos), meaning "sphere", are a family of Gram-positive bacteria that includes the genus Staphylococcus, noted for encompassing several medically significant pathogens.

The five genera Jeotgalicoccus, Macrococcus, Nosocomiicoccus, Salinicoccus, and  Staphylococcus have been shown to be monophyletic, while Gemella appears to be polyphyletic.  The pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a member of this family.

The most famous species in this family is Staphylococcus aureus, usually found in the skin microbiota. Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogenic bacteria with the highest global mortality in 2019, with approximatively 1.1 million deaths.
Ghanasyam Prabhu
Ghanasyam Prabhu is an Indian cricket umpire. He has umpired 4 first-class, 18 women's one day and 13 women's Twenty20 matches.

Prabhu became a BCCI national-panel umpire in 2015. He umpired his first Ranji Trophy match in March 2022 when he stood in the Delhi vs Chhattisgarh fixture.

Umpire
An umpire is an official in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection.

The term derives from the Old French nonper, non, 'not' and per, 'equal': 'one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people' (as evidenced in cricket, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). Noumper shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as false splitting. It was written in 1426–1427 as a noounpier; the n was lost with the a indefinite article becoming an. The earliest version without the n shows up as owmpere, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440. The leading n became permanently attached to the article, changing it to an Oumper around 1475.

The word was applied to the officials of many sports including baseball, association football (where it has been superseded by assistant-referee) and cricket (which still uses it).
Bartholomew Thomas Duhigg
Bartholomew Thomas Duhigg (1750?–1813) was an Irish legal antiquary.

Duhigg was called to the Irish bar in 1775. He was for a long period librarian to King's Inns, Dublin, and also held the post of assistant barrister for the county of Wexford. He also wrote, but never published, A Completion of King's Inns Remembrancer, giving an Account of the most Eminent Irish Lawyers, and a History of the Union with Ireland (History of the King's Inns, page 614). In a letter from Dr. Anderson to Bishop Percy, dated 3 September 1805, Duhigg is noted as "a writer of curious research and information", but as writing "a bad English style".

In addition to his legal investigations, Duhigg appears to have studied with much care the old Irish language. He was married, and had one son, an officer in the army.

Bar (law)
In law, the bar is the legal profession as an institution. The term is a metonym for the line (or "bar") that separates the parts of a courtroom reserved for spectators and those reserved for participants in a trial such as lawyers.

In the United Kingdom, the term "the bar" refers only to the professional organization for barristers (referred to in Scotland as advocates); the other type of UK lawyer, solicitors, have their own body, the Law Society. Correspondingly, being "called to the bar" refers to admission to the profession of barristers, not solicitors.
Battle of Boydton Plank Road
The Battle of Boydton Plank Road (also known as Burgess Mill or First Hatcher's Run), fought on October 27–28, 1864, followed the Union Army's successful Battle of Peebles's Farm in the siege of Petersburg during the American Civil War. This follow up was a further success, with the Union Army able to seize the Boydton and Petersburg Plank Road and cut the South Side Railroad, a critical supply line to Petersburg, Virginia.

Southside Railroad (Virginia)
The Southside Railroad was formed in Virginia in 1846. Construction was begun in 1849 and completed in 1854.  The 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge railroad connected City Point, a port on the James River with the farm country south and west of Petersburg, Virginia, to Lynchburg, Virginia, a distance of about 132 miles (212 km).

The Southside Railroad was important to the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1861–1865). Ravaged by the war, it was rebuilt and later became an important part of Norfolk and Western and Norfolk Southern's coal route from the mountains to port at Hampton Roads. In addition to coal, most of the route is in active use in the 20th century for intermodal container and automobile parts and completed vehicle shipments.
Ruan Sims
Ruan Sims OAM (born 4 February 1982) is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union footballer.

She played rugby union for Australia. She was a member of the Wallaroos squad at the 2006, and 2010 Rugby World Cup where they finished in third place. She played rugby league for Australia at the 2013 & 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup and was part of the squad that won the tournament.

2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup
The 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup was the fifth staging of the Women's Rugby League World Cup and was held in Australia between 16 November and 2 December 2017. Pool and semi-final matches was held at Southern Cross Group Stadium in Sydney, with the final held at Brisbane Stadium. The final was played as a double-header with the men's final.
Barzavu
38°45′N 48°28′E﻿ / ﻿38.750°N 48.467°E﻿ / 38.750; 48.467

Barzavu is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan, a hilly region near the Iranian border. It is a Talysh village in the Talysh region. It is 150 miles south of Baku, and has a population of 637.

It is known as the hometown of Shirali Muslimov (a.k.a. Mislimov), an ethnic Talysh shepherd who was believed by some to have been the oldest man that ever lived. Though he had no birth certificate, the date of birth given in his passport was 1805, which, if true, would make him 168 when he died in 1973. The area has been studied by experts who agree that centenarians are unusually common in the area.

The area had a major earthquake in 1998. The nearby town of Lerik contains a history museum, a Karabakh War memorial and a hotel.

Talish (region)
Tālīsh (Talysh: Tolış; Azerbaijani: Talış; Persian: تالش, romanized: Tālesh) is a region in the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea. It is a homeland of the indigenous Talysh people, who inhabit the region and speak the Talysh language. The territory and the language set apart Talish from its neighbors.

Talish is now divided between Azerbaijan and Iran. It stretches north from the Sefīd-Rūd river, which cuts through the Alborz mountains in Iran's Gilan province, to the Aras river in the south of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The main city of the region and its Talysh people is Lankaran (Talysh: Lankon), the majority of the population of which is ethnically Talysh.
Chapelle expiatoire
The Chapelle expiatoire (French pronunciation: [ʃapɛl ɛkspjatwaʁ], "Expiatory Chapel") is a Roman Catholic chapel located in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. The chapel was constructed by Louis XVIII on the grounds where King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette had been buried after they had been guillotined, and it is  dedicated to them as an expiation for that act. The remains of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are not in the chapel; they are in the Basilica of Saint-Denis, near Paris, with other French monarchs.

A commemorative mass is celebrated in the chapel every year on the Sunday closest to 21 January, the anniversary of the death of Louis XVI.

The closest métro station is Saint-Augustin  .

Atonement
Atonement, atoning, or making amends is the concept of a person taking action to correct previous wrongdoing on their part, either through direct action to undo the consequences of that act, equivalent action to do good for others, or some other expression of feelings of remorse. Atonement "is closely associated to forgiveness, reconciliation, sorrow, remorse, repentance, reparation, and guilt". It can be seen as a necessary step on a path to redemption. Expiation is the related concept of removing guilt, particularly the undoing of sin or other transgressions in religious contexts.
5-Minute Crafts
5-Minute Crafts is a  do it yourself (DIY)-style Russian-owned YouTube channel by TheSoul Publishing, based in Cyprus. As of August 2025, it is the 23rd most-subscribed channel on the platform. The channel is also the 5th most-followed Facebook page.

The channel has drawn criticism for its unusual and potentially dangerous life hacks and its reliance on clickbait.

Pinterest
Pinterest is an American social media service for publishing and discovery of information in the form of digital pinboards. This includes recipes, home, style, motivation, and inspiration on the Internet using image sharing. Pinterest, Inc. was founded by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp, and is headquartered in San Francisco.
Indifference price
In finance, indifference pricing is a method of pricing financial securities with regard to a utility function.  The  indifference price is also known as the reservation price or private valuation.  In particular, the indifference price is the price at which an agent would have the same expected utility level by exercising a financial transaction as by not doing so (with optimal trading otherwise).  Typically the indifference price is a pricing range (a bid–ask spread) for a specific agent; this price range is an example of good-deal bounds.

Bid–ask spread
The bid–ask spread (also bid–offer or bid/ask and buy/sell in the case of a market maker) is the difference between the prices quoted (either by a single market maker or in a limit order book) for an immediate sale (ask) and an immediate purchase (bid) for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs in some auction scenario. The size of the bid–ask spread in a security is one measure of the liquidity of the market and of the size of the transaction cost. If the spread is 0 then it is a frictionless asset.
Mastacembelus cunningtoni
Mastacembelus cunningtoni is a species of fish in the family Mastacembelidae. It is endemic to the Lake Tanganyika basin, including the Lakes outflow, the Lukuga River as far as the Kisimba-Kilia rapids. It occurs in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia. The specific name of this fish honours the British zoologist and anthropologist William Alfred Cunnington (1877-1958), leader of the expedition to Lake Tanganyika which collected the type.

William Alfred Cunnington
William Alfred Cunnington (1877–1958) was a British naturalist and anthropologist who is mainly known for his work as a zoologist who worked primarily on crustacea.

He was a student at Christ's College, Cambridge, and was in February 1903 sent to the Zoological Station at Naples. He was a member of an expedition to Lake Tanganyika in 1904-1905 and later took part in an expedition to Bolivia and Paraguay in 1926–1927. He was a demonstrator in zoology at Cambridge University. As well as his biological studies while he was on the African expedition he took an interest in the culture of the local people and collected amy objects which he donated to a number of British museums including Reading Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum. He has been honoured by having a number of fish species named after him, including the cichlid genus Cunningtonia.

He was honoured by the University of London in 1921 as a Doctor of Science in zoology.
Kizzmekia Corbett-Helaire
Kizzmekia "Kizzy" Shanta Corbett-Helaire (née Corbett, born January 26, 1986) is an American viral immunologist. She is an assistant professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Shutzer Assistant Professor at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute since June 2021.

She joined Harvard following six years at the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIAID NIH) based in Bethesda, Maryland. She earned a PhD in microbiology and immunology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill) in 2014.

Appointed to the VRC in 2014, Corbett-Helaire was a postdoctoral scientist of the VRC's COVID-19 Team, with research efforts aimed at COVID-19 vaccines. In February 2021, Corbettt-Helaire was highlighted in Time's "Time100 Next" list under the category of Innovators, with a profile written by Anthony Fauci.

University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.
Nikaho Green Field
Nikaho Green Field (仁賀保グリーンフィールド, Nikaho Gurin Firudo)  is a football stadium in Nikaho, Akita Prefecture, Japan. The stadium has a capacity of 4,430 and was the home ground of J3 League club Blaublitz Akita.

Nikaho, Akita
Nikaho (にかほ市, Nikaho-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city had an estimated population of 22,958 in 9388 households, and a population density of 95 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 241.13 square kilometres (93.10 sq mi).
Roxana Maracineanu
Roxana Maracineanu (Romanian pronunciation: [rokˈsana mərətʃiˈne̯anu]; born 7 May 1975) is a Romanian-French politician, former swimming champion and television consultant who served as Minister Delegate in charge of Sports in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex (2020–2022) and as Minister of Sports under Édouard Philippe (2018–2022).

Born in Romania, Maracineanu moved to France as a child, acquiring the citizenship via naturalisation at age 16. An accomplished swimmer Maracineanu became the first French world swimming champion in January 1998. She won silver medal in the 200 m backstroke at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. She entered politics in 2010 with the Socialist Party by being elected regional councillor of Île-de-France, a mandate she held until 2015.

She was the Ensemble candidate in Val-de-Marne's 7th constituency in the 2022 French legislative election, but lost out to Rachel Keke from NUPES.

Jean Castex
Jean Castex ([ʒɑ̃ kastɛks] ⓘ; born 25 June 1965) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 3 July 2020 to 16 May 2022. He was a member of The Republicans (LR) until 2020. Castex served for twelve years as mayor of the small town of Prades prior to his appointment as prime minister by President Emmanuel Macron. He resigned his post ahead of the 2022 legislative election. After leaving public office, he served as president of the state-owned RATP from 2022 to 2025, and has served as president of the SNCF since November 2025.
Jeevana Jyothi (1987 film)
Jeevana Jyothi (pronunciationⓘ transl. Light of life) is a 1987 Indian Kannada-language drama film, directed by P. Vasu and produced by Vijaya Shankar Bhat. The film stars Vishnuvardhan and Ambika in the lead roles. Srinivasa Murthy, Sridhar and Nalini appear in supporting roles. The film has musical score by Vijay Anand. The film was dubbed into Malayalam, with the title Samarppanam.

Srinivasa Murthy
Jadalathimmanahalli Krishnappa Srinivasa Murthy (born 15 May 1949), known popularly as Srinivasa Murthy, is an Indian actor and television director. He is mostly known for his work as a director having made many television series in Kannada, beginning in 2001, based on the lives of various Kannada philosophers and poets, and adaptations of the works of popular Kannada writers. As an actor, he is known for his work in Kannada cinema, appearing often in supporting roles. He began his career as a stage artiste in both professional and amateur theatre, before taking to films in 1977.