hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capacity (law)
Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).

Power of attorney
A power of attorney (POA) or letter of attorney is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs (which may be financial or regarding health and welfare), business, or some other legal matter. The person authorizing the other to act is the principal, grantor, or donor (of the power). The one authorized to act is the agent, attorney, or in some common law jurisdictions, the attorney-in-fact.

Formerly, the term "power" referred to an instrument signed under seal while a "letter" was an instrument under hand, meaning that it was simply signed by the parties, but today a power of attorney does not need to be signed under seal. Some jurisdictions require that powers of attorney be notarized or witnessed, but others will enforce a power of attorney as long as it is signed by the grantor.
1851 South Australian colonial election
Colonial elections were held in South Australia on 21 February 1851. Only 16 of the 24 seats in the unicameral Legislative Council were popularly elected but was the first occurrence of voting franchise in the colony. The 1855 election was the second and last of this type. The 1857 election was the first contest which popularly elected all members to the new bicameral Parliament of South Australia.

The first six Governors of South Australia oversaw governance from proclamation in 1836 until self-government in 1857.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
1981 Murjani WTA Championships – Doubles
Rosemary Casals and Ilana Kloss were the defending champions, but Kloss did not compete this year. Casals teamed up with Wendy Turnbull and lost in semifinals to Kathy Jordan and Paula Smith.

Kathy Jordan and Paula Smith won the title by defeating JoAnne Russell and Virginia Ruzici 6–3, 5–7, 7–6 in the final.

Rosie Casals
Rosemary Casals (born September 16, 1948) is an American former professional tennis player. During a tennis career that spanned more than two decades, she won more than 90 titles and was crucial to many of the changes in women's tennis during the 1960s and 1970s. Casals was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1996.
Junior Chamber International
Junior Chamber International, commonly referred to as JCI, is a non-profit international non-governmental organization of young people between 18 and 40 years old. It has members in about 127 countries, and regional or national organizations in most of them.

The first local Junior Chamber chapter was founded in 1915, but the international umbrella organization Junior Chamber International (JCI) was founded in Mexico in 1944. It has consultative status with the Council of Europe, with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations and with UNESCO. It encourages young people to become active citizens and to participate in efforts towards social and economic development, international cooperation, good-will, and understanding.

Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.
Don Gorge
The Don Gorge is the valley of the River Don to the west of Doncaster, south of the village of Sprotbrough. The gorge is known as a 'green corridor'.

A weir is on the river at Sprotbrough, and this is bypassed by a canal with a lock. The abandoned hamlet of Levitt Hagg sits in woodland to the south of the river. The Sprotbrough Flash nature reserve lies adjacent to the river on its north bank.

Boat Lane provides vehicular access into the village; additionally there is a public footpath. Mill Lane connects the Don Gorge with Warmsworth to the south.

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
Angami Baptist Church Council
The Angami Baptist Church Council (ABCC) is one of the 20 associations in the Nagaland Baptist Church Council (NBCC). Through the NBCC, the ABCC is part of the Baptist World Alliance (BWA). Its headquarters, Kohima, is the second station of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society in Nagaland, India.

Baptist World Alliance
The Baptist World Alliance (BWA) is an international communion of Baptists, with an estimated 53 million people from 283 member bodies in 138 countries and territories as of 2025. A voluntary association of Baptist churches, the BWA accounts for about half the Baptists in the world, becoming Christianity's seventh-largest communion (see list of Christian denominations by membership).

The BWA was founded in 1905 in London during an international congress of Baptist churches. Its headquarters are in Falls Church, Virginia, United States. It is led by general secretary and CEO Elijah M. Brown, Karl Johnson of the Jamaica Baptist Union, Chair of the Alliance and Lynn Green of the Baptist Union of Great Britain, Vice Chair.
Choluria
Choluria (or bilirubinuria) is a symptom defining an abnormal darkness of the urine, mainly due to a high level of conjugated bilirubin.  Choluria is a common symptom of liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. It can be described as dark or brown urine, often referred to as the color of cola. The presence of choluria is a useful symptom to distinguish if somebody presenting with jaundice has liver disease (direct hyperbilirubinaemia) or haemolysis (indirect hyperbilirubinaemia). In the first case, patients have choluria due to excess conjugated ("direct") bilirubin in blood, which is eliminated by the kidneys. Haemolysis, on the other hand, is characterized by unconjugated ("indirect") bilirubin, which is not water-soluble and is bound to albumin, and thus not eliminated in urine.

Bilirubinuria
In medicine, bilirubinuria is an abnormality in which conjugated bilirubin is detected in the urine.

The term "biliuria" is very similar, but more general. It refers to the presence of any bile pigment in the urine.

Conjugated bilirubin is detected in urine at bilirubinemia of approximately 30-34 mmol/L or 2 mg/dL. In this concentration of conjugated bilirubin in the blood appears as yellowness of the mucous membranes and sclera.
Listed buildings in Car Colston
Car Colston is a civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.   Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Car Colston and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, and the others include a church, headstones in the churchyard, and a whipping post.

Borough of Rushcliffe
Rushcliffe is a local government district with borough status in south Nottinghamshire, England. Its council is based in West Bridgford. The borough also includes the towns of Bingham and Cotgrave as well as numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some of the built-up areas in the north-west of the borough, including West Bridgford, form part of the Nottingham Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Broxtowe, Nottingham, Gedling, Newark and Sherwood, Melton, Charnwood, North West Leicestershire and Erewash.
New Marshfield, Ohio
New Marshfield is a census-designated place in central Waterloo Township, Athens County, Ohio, United States. The population was 316 at the 2020 census. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45766. It is located along State Route 56 west of the county seat of Athens.

Athens, Ohio
Athens is a city in Athens County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 23,849 at the 2020 United States census.  Located along the Hocking River within Appalachian Ohio about 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Columbus, Athens is best known as the home of Ohio University, a large public research university with an undergraduate and graduate enrollment of more than 21,000 students. It is the principal city of the Athens micropolitan area.
İkinci Paşalı
40°14′N 48°54′E﻿ / ﻿40.233°N 48.900°E﻿ / 40.233; 48.900

İkinci Paşalı (also, Malyye Pashaly, Pashaly Malyye, and Pashaly Vtoryye) is a village in the Hajigabul Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Şorbaçı.

Hajigabul District
Hajigabul District (Azerbaijani: Hacıqabul rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country, in the Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Kurdamir, Agsu, Shamakhi, Gobustan, Absheron, Baku, Salyan, Sabirabad and the city of Shirvan. Its capital and largest city is Hajigabul. As of 2020, the district had a population of 76,600.
Baarishein
Baarishein (transl. Rainfalls) is a 2019 romantic and ballad Hindi song, written and composed by Arko Pravo Mukherjee and sung by Pakistani singer Atif Aslam. The music video of the track features Atif and Nushrat Bharucha. The song has also the use of Piano and Violin.

Arko Pravo Mukherjee
Arko Pravo Mukherjee, better known by the mononym Arko, is an Indian music composer, singer, lyricist, producer, and a qualified doctor. He has created multiple tracks for various films like "Teri Mitti" (Kesari), "Nazm Nazm" (Bareilly Ki Barfi), "O Desh Mere" (BHUJ - The Pride Of India), "O Saathi" (Baaghi 2), "Tere Sang Yaara" (Rustom), "Jogi" (Shaadi Mein Zaroor Aana), "Naino Ne Bandhi" (Gold), "Allah Waariyan" (Yaariyan), "Abhi Abhi" (Jism 2), "Saathi Rey" (Kapoor & Sons), "Dariya" (Baar Baar Dekho), "Paani Wala Dance" (KKLH) and others.
Gerard Bruggink
Gerardus Meinardus Bruggink (4 August 1917 – 5 December 2005) was a Dutch pilot of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. A recipient of the Military Order of William, he was one of only four Dutch pilots to dogfight the Japanese in the Battle of Java.

Born in Tubbergen, Overijssel, Bruggink followed a Catholic seminary. He met his wife, Corien, while serving in the Dutch East Indies and they were married in January 1942. A replica B-339C Brewster Buffalo (B-3107) was built in July 2008 and delivered to the National Military Museum in Soesterberg, Netherlands, carrying the markings of the plane flown by Bruggink.

Battle of Java (1942)
The Battle of Java (Invasion of Java, Operation J) was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred on the island of Java from 28 February – 12 March 1942. It involved forces from the Empire of Japan, which invaded on 28 February 1942, and Allied personnel. Allied commanders signed a formal surrender at Japanese headquarters at Bandung on 12 March.
Nicole Vanden Broeck
Nicole Vanden Broeck is a French-Mexican film director, writer, and producer. She is known for directing the award-winning short films Con El Tiempo (2017), The Little Thief (2019) and Elle (2020). A 2020 BAFTA Newcomer fellow, Vanden Broeck is also a 2019 recipient of the Tomorrow's Filmmakers Today Scholarship presented by HBO and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Vanden Broeck's films have screened at several Academy-qualifying festivals, including AFI Fest, Rhode Island International Film Festival, and Out on Film.

Hollywood Foreign Press Association
The Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) was a nonprofit organization of journalists and photographers who reported on the American entertainment industry for predominantly foreign media markets. It is best known for founding and conducting the annual Golden Globe Awards ceremony in Los Angeles, California, which honors notable achievements in film and television, from its inception in 1943 until 2023. The HFPA consisted of about 105 members from approximately 55 countries with a combined following of more than 250 million.

HFPA was rebranded to the Golden Globe Foundation on June 12, 2023.
15th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The 15th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island represented the colony of Prince Edward Island between January 22, 1839, and 1843.

The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Prince Edward Island, Charles Augustus FitzRoy.  William Cooper was elected speaker.

Charles Augustus FitzRoy
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Augustus FitzRoy (10 June 1796 – 16 February 1858) was a British Army officer, politician and colonial administrator who held governorships in several British colonies during the 19th century.
Kikkawa Historical Museum
Kikkawa Historical Museum (吉川史料館, Kikkawa Shiryōkan) is a private museum of artefacts handed down by the Kikkawa clan, daimyō of Iwakuni Domain, in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Located between Kintai-kyō bridge and Iwakuni Castle and opened by the Kikkawa Hōkōkai Society (吉川報效会) in 1995, the museum's collection totals some seven thousand items, including materials from the Heian and Kamakura periods, a painting attributed to Sesshū, and one National Treasure. There are four changing displays each year. Other materials once owned by the Kikkawa clan are on display at Iwakuni Chōkokan.

Iwakuni Domain
Iwakuni Domain (岩国藩, Iwakuni-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now southeastern Yamaguchi Prefecture. It was centered around Iwakuni jin'ya and was ruled throughout its history the Kikkawa clan. Iwakuni Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871.
Nirjara
Nirjara is one of the seven fundamental principles, or Tattva in Jain philosophy, and refers to the shedding or removal of accumulated karmas from the atma (soul), essential for breaking free from samsara, the cycle of birth-death and rebirth, by achieving moksha, liberation.

Literally meaning "falling off", the concept is described first in chapter 9 of the classical Jain text, Tattvartha Sutra (True nature of Reality) written by  Acharya Umasvati, in 2nd century CE, the only text authoritative in both Śvetāmbara and Digambara sects of Jainism. Later it also finds mention in Dravyasamgraha  (Compendium of substances), a 10th-century Jain text by Acharya Nemichandra.

Śvetāmbara
The Śvetāmbara (/ʃwɛˈtʌmbərə/; also spelled Shwetambara, Shvetambara, Svetambara or Swetambara) is one of the two main branches of Jainism, the other being the Digambara. Śvetāmbara in Sanskrit means "white-clad", and refers to its ascetics' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the Digambara or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.

The Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards Jain nuns, their legends and the texts they consider as important. Śvetāmbara Jain communities are currently found mainly in Gujarat, Rajasthan and coastal regions of Maharashtra. According to Jeffery D. Long, a scholar of Hindu and Jain studies, about four-fifths of all Jains in India are Śvetāmbaras.
Khovaling District
Khovaling District or Nohiya-i Khovaling (Russian: Ховалингский район; Tajik: Ноҳияи Ховалинг) is a district in Khatlon Region, Tajikistan. Its capital is the village Khovaling. The population of the district is 57,900 (January 2020 estimate).

Districts of Tajikistan
As of 2020, the regions of Tajikistan are subdivided into 47 districts (Tajik: ноҳия, nohiya or Russian: район, rayon), not including 4 districts belonging to the capital city Dushanbe, and 18 cities of regional subordination (including Dushanbe, an extraregional capital city). Before ca. 2017, there were 58 districts. The districts are further subdivided into municipal units: either as urban municipalities called either as cities (Tajik: шаҳр, romanized: şahr, "cities") or towns (Tajik: шаҳрак, romanized: şahrak, "towns"), or as rural municipalities called jamoats (Tajik: ҷамоати деҳот, romanized: jamoati dehot, "village communes"), which in turn are further subdivided into villages (Tajik: деҳа or қишлоқ, romanized: deha or qyshloq, "villages/hamlets").

The numbering of the districts follows the map.
Zhang Guoli
Zhang Guoli (born 17 January 1955) is a Chinese actor and film director who was a xiangsheng actor before he started working on films and television series. He is mostly known for his roles playing the Emperor in various dramas involving Qing Dynasty imperial China. He has also hosted the CCTV New Year's Gala in 2014. In 2009, he became the second Chinese actor to win the "Grand Slam", after winning "Best Actor" at the three biggest Chinese-language television awards including the Feitian Award, the Golden Eagle Award and the Magnolia Award.

He is married to actress Deng Jie and he has a son named Zhang Mo from a previous marriage, who is also an actor. Zhang is a practising Buddhist and a member of the Taiwanese Buddhist organisation Dharma Drum Mountain. He has a dharma name, Changsheng (常升).

Flying Apsaras Awards
The China TV Drama Flying Apsaras Awards (Chinese: 中国电视剧飞天奖; pinyin: Zhōngguó Diànshìjù Fēi Tiān Jiǎng), also known as Flying Apsaras Awards, or simply Feitian Awards, is a biannual awards ceremony honoring excellence in Chinese television. Named after the Gandhanra, aka "Flying Apsaras", the design of the trophy is based on ancient carvings of the Flying Apsaras found inside the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. It is the longest-running television award ceremony in China as well as the highest government honor in the industry.
Tangxia station
Tangxia station (Chinese: 棠下站; pinyin: Tángxià Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Tòhnghah Jaahm) is a station on Line 13 of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located under the Tangxia Village BRT station and the Tangdong BRT station on the east side of the intersection of Zhongshan Avenue West and Xikexin Road in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou. It station opened on 29 September 2025.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Cryptosporella suffusa
Cryptosporella suffusa is a species of fungus that causes canker in alder trees.

In 2003 in Alaska, many individual thinleaf alder trees (Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia) were observed to be dying back, with hundreds or thousands of acres of riparian woodland being affected. Individual trunks and whole clumps were involved, dying within two weeks of the onset of the disease. The cause was found to be the fungus Cryptosporella suffusa, which may also have been responsible for a similar mass mortality of alders in the area in the 1950s. The affected trees seemed to be those suffering from stress, perhaps brought on by drought or resulting from defoliating insects such as the woolly alder sawfly.

Canker
A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather (via frost or windstorm damage) and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.
Pradip Ghosh
Pradip Ghosh (Bengali: প্রদীপ ঘোষ) (15 August 1942 – 16 October 2020) was a Bengali elocutionist. His father, elocutionist Chinmoy Jeeban Ghosh (Bengali: চিন্ময় জীবন ঘোষ), introduced him to the art of recitation at the age of three. Ghosh was a pioneer, who made recitation widely accepted within the cultural milieu of Bengal during the 1960s.

Kazi Sabyasachi
Kazi Sabyasachi (9 October 1928 – 2 March 1979)  was a Bengali elocutionist. He was the third son of the national poet of Bangladesh, Kazi Nazrul Islam.

Sabyasachi came to fame in the 1960s and '70s as a reciter. In 1966, he became the first to record the recitation of Bidrohi, a poem by Nazrul Islam.
Hanaiya
Hanaiya is a village development committee in Rupandehi District in Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3089 people living in 465 individual households.

Rupandehi District
Rupandehi District (Nepali: रुपन्देही जिल्ला; pronounced [ɾu.pʌn.de.i; -e.ɦi] ⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km2 (530 sq mi). The district headquarter is Bhairahawa. As per the national census 2021, the population of Rupandehi was 1,118,975.