hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shark Finning Prohibition Act
The Shark Finning Prohibition Act was signed into law by Bill Clinton on December 21, 2000.  It had forbidden finning by any vessels in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (up to 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) offshore),  and possession of fins by any U.S.-flagged fishing vessels on international waters.  It also prohibited any fishing vessel from landing at a U.S. port with shark fins whose weight exceeds 5% of the total weight of shark carcasses landed or on board.  These provisions left loopholes that would successfully be exploited in its first court test.

Loophole
A loophole is an ambiguity or inadequacy in a system, such as a law or security, which can be used to circumvent or otherwise avoid the purpose, implied or explicitly stated, of the system.

Originally, the word meant an arrowslit, a narrow vertical window in a wall through which an archer (or, later, gunman) could shoot. Loopholes were commonly used in U.S. forts built during the 1800s. Located in the sally port, a loophole was considered a last ditch defense, where guards could close off the inner and outer doors trapping enemy soldiers and using small arms fire through the slits.

Legal loopholes are distinct from lacunae, although the two terms are often used interchangeably. In a loophole, a law addressing a certain issue exists, but can be legally circumvented due to a technical defect in the law, such as a situation where the details are under-specified. A lacuna, on the other hand, is a situation in which no law exists in the first place to address that particular issue.
Shenzhou (album)
Shenzhou is an album by ambient musician Biosphere released on 3 June 2002. The structure and sound of this album are drastically minimalistic in comparison with Geir Jenssen's previous work, a concept that would be further elaborated upon in the next album. Samples are taken from several of Claude Debussy's orchestral works, particularly La mer and Rondes de printemps (from Images pour orchestre). The album's name, "Shenzhou", aside from meaning "magical boat" (神舟) and being the name of the Chinese crewed-spaceflight vehicles, means divine vessel. However, it could also mean "the world" (神州).

Shenzhou (spacecraft)
Shenzhou (Chinese: 神舟; pinyin: Shénzhōu, /ˈʃɛnˈdʒoʊ/ shen-JOH; see § Etymology) is a Chinese spacecraft developed for the nation's crewed space program. Its design was based on Russia's Soyuz, but larger and modernized. Like Soyuz, Shenzhou is a single-use vehicle composed of three modules; a descent module which houses the crew during launch and reentry, an orbital module which provides additional living space and storage during orbit, but is jettisoned before reentry, and a service module responsible for propulsion and power, also discarded before reentry. For added safety and aerodynamics, the spacecraft is encased within a fairing and fitted with a launch escape system during liftoff.

Its maiden uncrewed flight, Shenzhou 1, was on 19 November 1999, with the first crewed mission, Shenzhou 5, taking flight on 15 October 2003. It is slated for replacement by the next-generation Mengzhou, currently in development, with a two module configuration.
Zachary A. Vane
Zachary A. Vane (May 16, 1892 – February 8, 1993) was an American politician in the state of Washington.

Vane served in the Washington House of Representatives as a Democrat from the 29th district from 1933 until his appointment to the State Senate on January 9, 1953, after Donald W. Eastvold resigned to become the Attorney General of Washington. He served in the Senate until 1955. In 1957, after state representative John G. McCutcheon resigned the seat in the House of Representatives which Vane had previously held, he was appointed to fulfill the unexpired term, and would serve until 1961. Vane, who was born in Wisconsin, was a realtor, and lived in Tacoma, Washington since 1914. In 1993, he died at the age of 100.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
1964 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1964.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Serge Lebovici
Serge Lebovici (French: [ləbɔvisi]; 10 June 1915, Paris – 11 August 2000, Marvejols) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

Lebovici was particularly interested in the psychoanalysis of children, and contributed to introducing the thought of Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott to France. He evolved an interest in the theories of John Bowlby.

He was president of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) from 1973 to 1977.

International Psychoanalytical Association
The International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) is an association including 12,000 psychoanalysts as members and works with 70 constituent organizations. It was founded in 1910 by Sigmund Freud, from an idea proposed by Sándor Ferenczi.
CFS Yorkton
Royal Canadian Air Force Station Yorkton (ADC ID: C-51) was a Long Range Radar (LRR) and Ground Air Transmitter Receiver (GATR) facility of the Pinetree Line. The site was SAGE compatible from day one. It was located near Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Construction was started in 1961 and the station was operational in 1963. Radar functions were operated by 46 Radar Squadron under the control of NORAD.
The site was renamed Canadian Forces Station or CFS Yorkton in 1967 upon the unification of the three branches of the Canadian military into the Canadian Armed Forces. CFS Yorkton was closed in 1986 as part of the deactivation of the Pinetree Line.

The White Spruce Youth Treatment Centre took over the site as a youth addiction facility until 1998 and now is the site of Orcadia Youth Residence as a youth custody facility. A lot of the original buildings remain in good condition.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Microphthalmia, syndromic 12 (MCOPS12)
Microphthalmia, syndromic 12 (MCOPS12) is an ultra-rare and complex neurological disease. It is caused by a single-point missense mutation in the retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) gene. The most common disease symptoms are microphthalmia, severe (progressive) movement disorders and intellectual disability. Movement disorders may include spasticity, dystonia and chorea. In addition, malformations such as incomplete lung development (pulmonary hypoplasia), defects of the cerebellum (Chiari type I malformation), and a defect/hole in the diaphragm (diaphragmatic hernia) have been observed.

Microphthalmia
Microphthalmia (Greek: μικρός, mikros, 'small', ὀφθαλμός, ophthalmos, 'eye'), also referred as microphthalmos, is a developmental disorder of the eye in which one (unilateral microphthalmia) or both (bilateral microphthalmia) eyes are abnormally small and have anatomic malformations. Microphthalmia is a distinct condition from anophthalmia and nanophthalmia. Although sometimes referred to as 'simple microphthalmia', nanophthalmia is a condition in which the size of the eye is small but no anatomical alterations are present.
Ron Loewinsohn
Ronald William Loewinsohn (December 15, 1937 – October 14, 2014) was an American poet and novelist who was associated with the poetry of the San Francisco Renaissance since his inclusion in Donald Allen's 1960 poetry anthology, The New American Poetry 1945–1960. He was Professor Emeritus of English at the University of California, Berkeley.

Grove Press
Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1949 by John Balcomb and Robert Phelps. Imprints include: Black Cat, Evergreen, Venus Library, and Zebra. Barney Rosset purchased the company in 1951 and turned it into an alternative book press in the United States. He partnered with Richard Seaver to bring French literature to the United States. The Atlantic Monthly Press, under the aegis of its publisher, Morgan Entrekin, merged with Grove Press in 1993. Grove later became an imprint of the publisher Grove/Atlantic, Inc.
Midi Mafia
The MIDI Mafia is a music production duo consisting of American Bruce Waynne (born Waynne Jason Nugent) from Brooklyn, New York and Canadian Dirty Swift (born Kevin John Risto) from Ottawa, Ontario. Together as Midi Mafia since 2003, they are most notable for their production of 50 Cent's number-one single "21 Questions". The MIDI Mafia has also produced for artists such as Frank Ocean ("Swim Good"), Fantasia ("When I See U"), Sha Stimuli (the single "Clap At Ya"), Capone-N-Noreaga ("Yes Sir"), Justin Bieber, Bravehearts, Gemma Fox, Jean Grae, Talib Kweli, Young Buck, Nelly, Miri Ben-Ari, Lloyd Banks and Tamia.

Miri Ben-Ari
Miri Ben-Ari (Hebrew: מירי בן-ארי; born (1978-12-04)4 December 1978) is an Israeli–American violinist, record producer, music-tech entrepreneur, and humanitarian. As of 2025, she is the first and only violinist to win a Grammy in the Hip Hop category, known as "the hip-hop violinist".
1977 Copa Libertadores finals
The 1977 Copa Libertadores finals was the final two-legged tie to determine the 1977 Copa Libertadores champion. It was contested by Argentine club Boca Juniors and Brazilian club Cruzeiro. The first leg of the tie was played on 6 September at Boca Juniors' home field, La Bombonera, while the second leg was played on 11 September at Cruzeiro's venue, Estadio Mineirão. It was Boca Juniors and Cruzeiro 2nd Copa Libertadores finals.

In the two-leg finals, both finalists won one game each. In the tie-breaking playoff, Boca Juniors won the series through a 5–4 penalty shootout at Montevideo's Estadio Centenario, therefore winning their first Copa Libertadores after the final lost in 1963 v. Santos.

Mineirão
Mineirão (Portuguese pronunciation: [minejˈɾɐ̃w̃]; lit. 'Big Mineiro', named after its large structure), officially known as Governor Magalhães Pinto Stadium (Portuguese: Estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto, pronounced [isˈtadʒiu ɡoveɾnaˈdoɾ maɡaˈʎɐ̃jz ˈpĩtu]; lit. 'Governor Magalhães Pinto Stadium', named after Magalhães Pinto), is an association football stadium in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Owned by the state of Minas Gerais, it is used by Cruzeiro Esporte Clube.

It served as a venue in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. It also hosted some matches of the football tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The stadium has a seating capacity of 66,658 spectators.
Midland Hotel, Morecambe
The Midland Hotel is a Streamline Moderne building in Morecambe, Lancashire, England. It was built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), in 1933, to the designs of architect Oliver Hill, with sculpture by Eric Gill, and murals by Eric Ravilious (subsequently destroyed). It is a Grade II* listed building. The hotel has  been restored by Urban Splash with architects Union North, Northwest Regional Development Agency and Lancaster City Council.

City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster, or simply Lancaster (/ˈlæŋkæstər/), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, and also includes the towns of Carnforth, Heysham and Morecambe and a wider rural hinterland. The district has a population of 145,006 (2024), and an area of 219 square miles (567 km2).

Much of the district's rural area is recognised for its natural beauty; it includes part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and parts of the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of Arnside and Silverdale and the Forest of Bowland. The neighbouring districts are Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire, Ribble Valley and Wyre.
Syndicate Sadists
Syndicate Sadists (Italian: Il giustiziere sfida la città, or "The Executioner Challenges the City"), also released under the titles Rambo's Revenge and Final Payment,  is a 1975 poliziotteschi film directed by Umberto Lenzi. It stars Joseph Cotten and Tomas Milian.

Umberto Lenzi
Umberto Lenzi (6 August 1931 – 19 October 2017) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and novelist.

A fan of film since young age, Lenzi studied at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia and made his first film in 1958 which went unreleased, while his official debut happened in 1961 with Queen of the Seas. Lenzi's films of the 1960s followed popular trends of the era, which led to him directing several spy and erotic thriller films. He followed in suit in the 1970s making giallo films, crime films and making the first Italian cannibal film with Man from the Deep River. He continued making films up until the 1990s and later worked as a novelist writing a series of murder mysteries.
Log bridge
A log bridge is a timber bridge that uses logs that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. The first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees.

The use of emplaced logs is now sometimes used in temporary bridges used for logging roads, where a forest tract is to be harvested and the road then abandoned. Such log bridges have a severely limited lifetime due to soil contact and subsequent rot and wood-eating insect infestation.

Longer lasting log bridges may be constructed by using treated logs and/or by providing well drained footings of stone or concrete combined with regular maintenance to prevent soil infiltration. This care in construction can be seen in the French bridge illustrated below, which has well locked dry set stone abutments and a footpath leveled with boards.

Masonry
Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering, which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar. The term masonry can also refer to the building units (stone, brick, etc.) themselves.

The common materials of masonry construction are bricks and building stone; rocks such as marble, granite, and limestone; cast stone, concrete blocks, glass blocks, and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction.

A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer, or in some places colloquially a "brickie". These are both classified as construction trades.
Kokuvil railway station
Kokuvil railway station (Tamil: கொக்குவில் தொடருந்து நிலையம் Kokkuvil toṭaruntu nilaiyam) is a railway station in the town of Kokuvil in northern Sri Lanka. Owned by Sri Lanka Railways, the state-owned railway operator, the station is part of the Northern Line which links the north with the capital Colombo. The popular Yarl Devi service calls at the station. The station was not functioning between 1990 and 2015 due to the civil war. The Northern Line between Jaffna and Kankesanthurai was re-opened on 2 January 2015.

Yal Devi
Yal Devi (Tamil: யாழ் தேவி; Sinhala: යාල් දේවී) is a major express train in Sri Lanka.  Operated by Sri Lanka Railways, the Yal Devi connects Colombo, the nation's commercial hub, with the northern city of Jaffna and its port at Kankesanturai, where the service terminates. From 1990 up to 2015, the service had to terminate at intermediate stations, due to the Sri Lankan civil war. The Northern Line was rebuilt and returned to Jaffna Railway Station by October 2014 and Kankesanturai by January 2015.
Frigidolfo
The Frigidolfo (also called Oglio Frigidolfo) is a stream of Val Camonica, in the province of Brescia, about 7 km long.

It rises in the Valle delle Messi, near the Gavia Pass on the slopes of the Corno dei Tre Signori (3360 m a.s.l.).

Along its path it receives water from the Arcanello.

Its confluence with the Narcanello in Ponte di Legno (1300 m a.s.l.) gives rise to the Oglio River.

Gavia Pass
Gavia Pass (Italian: Passo di Gavia) (el. 2621 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Italian Alps. It is the tenth highest paved road in the Alps.

The pass lies in the Lombardy region and divides the province of Sondrio to the north and the province of Brescia to the south. The road over the pass (SS 300) connects Bormio to the northwest with Ponte di Legno to the south and is single track most on its southern section.
Jan Overgaard
Jan Overgaard (born 24 April 1973) is a Danish former cricketer.  Overgaard was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Køge.

Overgaard made his List A debut for Denmark in international cricket in the 2000 ICC Emerging Nations Tournament against Zimbabwe A. He played two further List A matches during the tournament against the Netherlands and Scotland. In the same year, he represented Denmark in the English domestic one-day competition, the NatWest Trophy against the Durham Cricket Board. He represented Denmark in a further List A match which came against Suffolk in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was held in 2001. In his 5 List A matches for Denmark, he scored 80 runs at a batting average of 20.00, with a single half century high score of 67*.

2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2002 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 29 August 2001 and 31 August 2002.  It was the second Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, following its change of name from the NatWest Trophy.  The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Somerset by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Thil-sur-Arroux
Thil-sur-Arroux (French pronunciation: [til syʁ aʁu], literally Thil on Arroux) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

Thil-sur-Arroux is popular with many nationalities. A high percentage of the homes are second/vacation homes. The area is part of the Morvan Park region and has some of the best air quality in Europe.

Arroux
The Arroux (French pronunciation: [aʁu]) is a river in central France. It is a right tributary of the Loire. It is 128.1 km (79.6 mi) long. Its source is east of Arnay-le-Duc, in Côte-d'Or. The Arroux flows generally south through the following departments and towns:

Côte-d'Or: Arnay-le-Duc

Saône-et-Loire: Autun, Toulon-sur-Arroux, Gueugnon

The Arroux flows into the river Loire near Digoin, the main tributaries are the Ternin (48 km) and the Bourbince (82 km).
Francis Moreau
Francis Moreau (born 21 July 1965) is a French former professional racing cyclist from Saint-Quentin. He turned professional in 1989 and retired 12 years later at the end of 2000. A pursuit specialist, Moreau was a frequent medalist and the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, winning the pursuit in 1991. He was also part of the gold medal winning team at the 1996 Summer Olympics, who set a new Olympic record with a time of 4:05:930.

On the road, Moreau finished 132nd at the 1991 Tour de France and 113th in 1994 - despite the death of his father on 9 July; his father had said that he would not want his son to drop out in mourning. In 1995 he finished 5th in the Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan and came 9th in the 1996 Paris–Roubaix.

Cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics
The cycling competitions at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta consisted of three separate categories: road cycling, track cycling, and mountain biking. The road cycling events took place in downtown Atlanta, track cycling was carried out at the Stone Mountain velodrome in neighboring DeKalb County, and the mountain biking events were held at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers.
Matthew Kulke
Matthew Kulke is an American cancer researcher. He is the Chief of Hematology/Oncology, co-director of the BU/BMC Cancer Center and "Zoltan Kohn Professor" at the Boston University School of Medicine. His work has shed light on the molecular characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors and has led to the development of multiple new treatments for this condition. His research studies led to the development and approval of telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with carcinoid syndrome. He has also contributed to early and late stage clinical trials  of temozolomide, sunitinib, everolimus, and peptide receptor radiotherapy for neuroendocrine tumors.

Tryptophan hydroxylase
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is an enzyme (EC 1.14.16.4) involved in the synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin. Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase together constitute the family of biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. TPH catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

It employs one additional cofactor, iron.