hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ruga language
Ruga is a Garo dialect, a Sino-Tibetan language that spoken in the East Garo Hills district and West Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India. Today, people who identify themselves as Ruga have shifted to Garo and only a few elderly native Ruga speakers remain.

Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different language, usually over an extended period of time. Often, languages that are perceived to be of higher-status stabilize or spread at the expense of other languages that are perceived—even by their own speakers—to have lower status. An example is the shift from Gaulish to Latin during the time of the Roman Empire.

Language assimilation may operate alongside other aspects of cultural assimilation when different cultures meet and merge.
Zhaoqing New District Sports Center Stadium
The Zhaoqing New District Sports Center Stadium is a multi-purpose sports complex in Zhaoqing New District, Guangdong Province. Completed in 2018 as the main venue for the Guangdong Provincial Games, it features a 20,000-seat football stadium, an 8,000-seat indoor gymnasium, and a 244,399 m2 football park with training facilities. The complex was designed by the Guangdong Provincial Architectural Design Institute with a total investment of ¥1.2 billion, incorporating green building technologies and traditional Lingnan cultural elements.

Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing (Chinese: 肇庆), alternately romanized as Shiuhing, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,113,594, with 1,553,109 living in the built-up (or metro) area made of Duanzhou, Dinghu and Gaoyao. The prefectural seat—except the Seven Star Crags—is fairly flat, but thickly forested mountains lie just outside its limits. Numerous rice paddies and aquaculture ponds are found on the outskirts of the city. Sihui and the southern districts of the prefecture are considered part of the Pearl River Delta.

Formerly one of the most important cities in southern China, Zhaoqing lost its importance during the Qing dynasty and is now primarily known for tourism and as a provincial "college town". Residents from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and the other cities of the Pearl River Delta often visit it for weekend excursions. It is also a growing manufacturing center.
Maestri Bridge
The Maestri Bridge (originally known as the Pontchartrain Bridge and later as the Watson-Williams Pontchartrain Bridge and the Five Mile Bridge) carries U.S. Route 11 (US 11) across Lake Pontchartrain between New Orleans and Slidell, Louisiana, in the United States. The 4.78-mile (7.69 km) bridge was the longest concrete bridge in the world upon completion. It is 35 feet (11 m) wide and has two bascule-type draw spans for passing vessels and barges.

Bascule bridge
A bascule bridge (also referred to as a drawbridge or a lifting bridge) is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. It may be single- or double-leafed.

The name comes from the French term for balance scale, which employs the same principle. Bascule bridges are the most common type of movable span because they open quickly and require relatively little energy to operate, while providing the possibility for unlimited vertical clearance for marine traffic.
Richard Sands (DJ)
Richard Sands is employed in the American radio industry.

First program director at Live 105 (KITS-FM) in San Francisco. He began at the station as evening disc jockey when it was a Hot Hits formatted Top 40 station in 1983, eventually rising to the program director position in 1985. He left the station in 1998, after it was merged with CBS co-owned KOME.

He won Billboard Magazine's Major Market Program Director of the Year award, among numerous other honors. In 2024, he was inducted into The Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame.

Born Richard Briskin, he is the son of best-selling author Jacqueline Briskin and former literary agent Bert Briskin.

He currently publishes The Sands Report, a weekly Alternative radio and record company industry newsletter which began in April 2002, after serving three years as Alternative editor at Gavin Magazine.

Literary agent
A literary agent is an agent who represents writers and their written works to publishers, theatrical producers, film producers, and film studios, and assists in sale and deal negotiation. Literary agents most often represent novelists, screenwriters, and non-fiction writers.

Reputable literary agents generally charge a commission and do not charge a fee upfront. The commission rate is generally 15%.
Ernest Mosny
Ernest Mosny (4 January 1861 – 25 April 1918) was a French physician and hygienist born in La Fère, Aisne.

Mosny served as médecin des hopitaux in Paris, and was a member of the Académie de Médecine and the Conseil supérieur d'hygiène.

He is remembered for his work in the field of microbiology. With Joaquín Albarrán (1860–1912) he performed a series of tests in an attempt to find an antidote to the colon bacillus. Eventually the two scientists developed a vaccine that achieved a high degree of immunity in dogs and rabbits. In 1912 with biologist Edouard Dujardin-Beaumetz (1868–1947), he studied the effects of bubonic plague in two Alpine marmots during hibernation. Reportedly, the marmots were able to survive 61 and 115 days after being injected with the disease.

In 1911 Mosny reported the first successful embolectomy, a direct arterial surgical procedure that was performed on the femoral artery.

Joaquín Albarrán
Joaquín Albarrán, full name Joaquin Maria Albarrán y Dominguez (May 9, 1860 – January 17, 1912) was a Cuban urologist born in Sagua La Grande, Cuba. He received the Order of the Legion of Honour of France.
The Greatest Hits (soundtrack)
The soundtrack for the 2023 science fiction romantic drama film The Greatest Hits directed by Ned Benson for Searchlight Pictures, starring Lucy Boynton, Justin H. Min, David Corenswet and Austin Crute, are two musical projects produced by Hollywood Records.

The first album, The Greatest Hits (Original Soundtrack), featured a collection of specific songs handpicked by Benson for the film, and featured artists such as Jamie xx, Roxy Music, Nelly Furtado, Peggy Lee amongst others. The second album, The Greatest Hits (Original Score), consists of a score composed by Ryan Lott. Both the albums were released day-and-date, with its streaming premiere on Hulu.

Justin H. Min
Justin Hong-Kee Min (born March 20, 1990) is an American actor. He began his acting career with roles in several Wong Fu productions. He is known for portraying Ben Hargreeves in the Netflix original series The Umbrella Academy (2019–2024), and for portraying the title role in After Yang (2021).
Ikeoluwapo Ajayi
Ikeoluwapo Olayinka Ajayi is a Nigerian epidemiologist and professor of Epidemiology and Bio Statistics at the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Her research focuses on communicable and non-communicable diseases, including malaria, hypertension, obesity, and cancers of the cervix and breast.

University of Ibadan
The University of Ibadan (UI) is a federal university located in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Initially founded as the University College Ibadan in 1948, it maintained its affiliation with the University of London. In 1962, it became an independent institution, making it the oldest degree-awarding institution in Nigeria. The University of Ibadan has significantly contributed to Nigeria's political, industrial, economic, and cultural development through its extensive network of graduates.

UI enrolls about 33,000 students, is internationally recognized, and has a number of accomplished alumni.
Carlos Frederick MacDonald
Carlos Frederick MacDonald, M.D. (August 29, 1845 – May 29, 1926) was a psychiatrist, and the chairman of the New York State Commission in Lunacy from 1880 to 1896. He was involved in the design of the first electric chair and examined Leon F. Czolgosz, pronouncing him sane enough to be executed in the electric chair after the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. He was President of the American Psychiatric Association from 1913 to 1914. He was an expert witness at the trials of Harry Thaw and Harrison W. Noel.

Central Valley, New York
Central Valley is a hamlet in Woodbury, New York, United States. The population was 1,857 at the 2000 census, at which time it was a census-designated place. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Central Valley is in the southern part of the Town and Village of Woodbury. It is located along the New York State Thruway (Interstate 87 at Exit 16, approximately 95 miles south of Albany and 50 miles north of New York City.

The Woodbury Common Premium Outlets center is located in Central Valley.
Daryl Gregory
Daryl Gregory (born 1965) is an American science fiction, fantasy and comic book author. Gregory is a 1988 alumnus of the Michigan State University Clarion science fiction workshop, and won the 2009 Crawford Award for his novel Pandemonium.

Clarion Workshop
The Clarion Workshop is an American six-week workshop for aspiring science fiction and fantasy writers. Originally an outgrowth of Damon Knight's and Kate Wilhelm's Milford Writer's Conference, held at their home in Milford, Pennsylvania, it was founded in 1968 by Robin Scott Wilson at Clarion State College in Pennsylvania. Knight and Wilhelm were among the first teachers at the workshop.

In 1972, the workshop moved to Michigan State University. It moved again, in 2006, to the University of California, San Diego.

In 2015, the Clarion Foundation received an anonymous gift of $100,000 to found an endowment funding the workshop.

The Clarion Workshop events for 2020 and 2021 were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the students selected for 2020 slated to attend in 2022.
Innsbruck Rural (National Council electoral district)
Innsbruck Rural (German: Innsbruck-Land), also known as Electoral District 7B (German: Wahlkreis 7B), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Innsbruck Rural and Schwaz in the state of Tyrol. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 193,217 registered electors.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Herman Law
Herman Law is a hill in the Ettrick Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It is the terminal northeast Donald of a ridge that runs parallel to the A708 road on its southern side, also being the last to share the Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders border. It is the least prominent Donald, just qualifying for the necessary 30m of prominence. Usually climbed with the neighbouring hills of the ridge, the most common start point is Birkhill Farm to the west.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
2023 Canadian Country Music Awards
The 2023 Canadian Country Music Awards, honouring achievements in Canadian country music, were presented on September 16, 2023, at the FirstOntario Centre in Hamilton, Ontario. For the first time in 25 years they were broadcast by CTV instead of Global, under a new content partnership with Bell Media which included a listener contest on the Pure Country radio network to win tickets to attend the event.

The ceremony was hosted by country duo The Reklaws. Performers included Sam Hunt, Jade Eagleson, James Barker Band, Dean Brody, Carly Pearce, Josh Ross, Dallas Smith, Train and Tenille Townes.

Nominees were announced on July 13. Jade Eagleson and Tenille Townes tied for the most awards, with each artist winning three.

Dallas Smith
Dallas Hendry Smith (born December 4, 1977) is a Canadian singer and songwriter, who performs both as a solo country music artist and as lead singer for the hard rock band Default. He is currently signed to Big Loud Records. Smith is the current record holder of most number one hits among all male Canadian artists on Billboard's Canada Country chart, at eleven. With Side Effects, Smith also became the first Canadian country artist in the Nielsen BDS era to chart four consecutive number one singles from one album (Shania Twain charted three consecutive number one hits from her 1997 release Come On Over), a feat he would then top with his next album, Timeless.

At the end of 2012, Mediabase named Smith the most played Canadian country act and number eight overall at the format.
Allomyces
Allomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Blastocladiaceae. It was circumscribed by British mycologist Edwin John Butler in 1911. Species in the genus have a polycentric thallus and reproduce sexually or asexually by zoospores that have a whiplash-like flagella. They are mostly isolated from soils in tropical countries, commonly in ponds, rice fields, and slow-moving rivers.

Edwin John Butler
Sir Edwin John Butler CMG CIE FRS (13 August 1874 – 4 April 1943) was an Irish mycologist and plant pathologist. He became the Imperial Mycologist in India and later the first director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology in England. He was knighted in 1939. During his twenty years in India, he began large scale surveys on fungi and plant pathology and published the landmark book Fungi and Disease in Plants: An Introduction to the Diseases of Field and Plantation Crops, especially those of India and the East (1918) and has been called the Father of Mycology and Plant Pathology in India.
Pylyp Orlyk's March on the Right-bank Ukraine
Pylyp Orlyk's March on the Right-bank Ukraine (Ukrainian: Похід Пилипа Орлика на Правобережну Україну) was the military campaign of the Hetman Pylyp Orlyk on the Right-bank Ukraine in January–March 1711 in order to liberate its territory from Moscow's troops and to restore the hetman's power.

Due to improper training, bad timing and betrayal of Tatar allies, the campaign ended in the defeat of Orlyk's troops and led to the loss of support for the hetman among the Ukrainian population.

Sloboda Ukraine
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as Slobozhanshchyna or Slobozhanshchina, is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia. It developed from Belgorod Razriad and flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries on the southwestern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. In 1765, it was converted into the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate.
Tunde and Wunmi Obe
Tunde and Wunmi Obe (Listenⓘ), professionally known as T.W.O, are a Nigerian show business couple, entertainers, television personalities, and entrepreneurs. They met and began their music career as undergraduates in the 90s.

Tunde and Wunmi Obe first made an entry into the Nigerian Entertainment scene as regulars on The Charly Boy Show, a television programme in the 90s, after which they released their debut album Sealed in 1999, which was followed by T.W.O in 2003, T.W.O 4 real in 2007, T.W.O Legit in 2010 and T.W.O PLUS in 2015.

Show business
Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, though the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included the initial definite article the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term was still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business.
Table Bay
Table Bay (Afrikaans: Tafelbaai) is a natural bay on the Atlantic Ocean at the northern end of the Cape Peninsula, which stretches south to the Cape of Good Hope. Overlooked by Cape Town, the bay is dominated by the flat-topped Table Mountain, from which it takes its name.

Cape Point
Cape Point (Afrikaans: Kaappunt) is a promontory at the southeast corner of the Cape Peninsula, a mountainous and scenic landform that runs north–south for about thirty kilometres (19 mi) at the extreme southwestern tip of the African continent in South Africa. Table Mountain and the city of Cape Town are close to the northern extremity of the same peninsula. The cape is located at, about 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) east and a little north of the Cape of Good Hope on the southwest corner.  Although these two rocky capes are very well known, neither cape is actually the southernmost point of the mainland of Africa; that is Cape Agulhas, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) to the east-southeast.
Clomipramine/sildenafil
Clomipramine/sildenafil (developmental code name CDFR-0812) is a combination of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) clomipramine and the phosphodiesterase PDE5 inhibitor and erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil which is under development for the on-demand treatment of premature ejaculation. It is taken orally. The drug is under development by CTCBIO. As of October 2025, it is in phase 3 clinical trials in South Korea.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Otho Thorpe
Otho Thorpe or Otto Thorp (b. 1630-d. winter of 1696/97) was an English merchant who became a militia officer and politician of Middle Plantation (the future Williamsburg) in the Colony of Virginia. His home was commandeered during Bacon's Rebellion, and in April 1682, Thorpe briefly represented York County in the House of Burgesses, before returning to England, where he died more than a decade later.

House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses (/ˈbɜːr.dʒə.sɪz/) was the lower house of the Virginia General Assembly from 1619 to 1776. It existed during the colonial history of the United States in the Colony of Virginia in what was then British America. From 1642 to 1776, the House of Burgesses was an important feature of Virginian politics, alongside the Crown-appointed colonial governor and the Virginia Governor's Council, the upper house of the General Assembly.

When Virginia declared its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain during the Fifth Virginia Convention in 1776 and became the independent Commonwealth of Virginia, the House of Burgesses was transformed into the House of Delegates, which continues to serve as the lower house of the General Assembly.
Skyline Madrid
Skyline Madrid, also known as the Skyline Towers (Spanish: Torres Skyline) or simply Skyline, is a luxury housing estate along the Paseo de la Dirección in Madrid, Spain. The development consists of a pair of 100-metre (330 ft) twin towers along with two smaller buildings, featuring a mix of apartments both for rent and for sale along with several amenities.

Located facing the Parque Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún in the Valdeacederas neighborhood of Tetuán, it is one of the most expensive housing developments of its kind in Spain.

Luxury apartment
A luxury apartment is a type of apartment that is intended to provide its occupant with higher-than-average levels of comfort, quality and convenience. While the term is often used to describe high-end regular apartments, or even typical apartments as a form of aspirational marketing, a true luxury apartment is one that is variously defined as being in the top 10% of transactions on the market, or having a total value of more than $4–5 million US dollars, with "ultra-luxury" apartments being valued above US$10 million. However, it can also mean any apartment with extra amenities, such as a doorman, yoga studios or bowling alleys, among others.
Shaganappi Trail
Shaganappi Trail (/ˌʃæɡəˈnæpi/) is a major super-4 expressway in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It extends to the south as Montgomery View, a small service road in the neighbourhood of Montgomery and that provides access to Edworthy Park, passes north past Market Mall and the western boundary of Nose Hill Park, and terminates in the neighbourhood of Nolan Hill in the north, with city planning maps indicating future northern extension beyond 144 Avenue NW.  The name "Shaganappi" is of Cree origin, referring to the bison hide lacings that held Red River ox carts together. Despite the name, it is not located near the Shaganappi neighbourhood, which is located south of the Bow River.

Shaganappi, Calgary
Shaganappi is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located between 17 Avenue SW and the Bow River. The Shaganappi golf course is located north of the Bow Trail.

The name Shaganappi is of Cree origin, and was used as far back as 1870. The land was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1910 and Shaganappi was established as a neighbourhood in 1949. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 8 councillor.
Harris Garrard Academy
Harris Garrard Academy (formerly Business Academy Bexley) is a 4–18 mixed, all-through school and sixth form with academy status in Thamesmead, Erith, Greater London, England. It was established in 2002 and is now part of the Harris Federation.

Erith
Erith (/ˈɪərɪθ/ ⓘ) is an area in south-east London, England, 13.3 miles (21.4 km) east of Charing Cross. Before the creation of Greater London in 1965, it was in the historical county of Kent. Since 1965, it has formed part of the London Borough of Bexley. It lies north-east of Bexleyheath and north-west of Dartford, on the south bank of the River Thames.

The town centre has been modernised with further dwellings added since 1961. The curved riverside high street has three listed buildings, including the Church of England church and the Carnegie Building. Erith otherwise consists mainly of suburban housing. It is linked to central London and Kent by rail and to Thamesmead by a dual carriageway. It has the longest pier in London, and retains a coastal environment with salt marshes alongside industrial land.