hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trevor Berghan
Trevor Berghan (13 July 1914 – 23 September 1998) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A first five-eighth, Berghan represented Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1938 tour of Australia. He played six matches for the All Blacks on that tour, including three internationals.

Berghan studied at the University of Otago, graduating with a Bachelor of Dental Surgery in 1941. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the New Zealand Dental Corps in June 1941, and later promoted to captain. He was seconded to the Royal New Zealand Navy with the rank of temporary surgeon lieutenant (D) in July 1943.

Otago Rugby Football Union
The Otago Rugby Football Union is the official governing body of rugby union for the Otago region of New Zealand. The union is based in the city of Dunedin, and its home ground is Forsyth Barr Stadium. The top representative team competes in the ITM Cup, New Zealand's top provincial competition. The union was to have been liquidated in March 2012. However a deal involving the Dunedin City Council allowed it to keep operating. Otago have won the Ranfurly Shield on eight occasions (1935, 1938, 1947, 1957, 2013, 2018, 2020 and 2025). They were the National provincial championship winners in 1991 and 1998. They have a proud record playing international teams, having defeated South Africa and the British and Irish Lions.
Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon
"Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon" is a song written by American musician Neil Diamond, whose recording of it on Bang Records reached number 10 on the US pop singles chart in 1967. The song enjoyed a second life when it appeared on the 1994 Pulp Fiction soundtrack, performed by rock band Urge Overkill. Other versions have been recorded by Cliff Richard (1968), Jackie Edwards (1968), the Biddu Orchestra (1978), and 16 Volt (1998).

Bang Records
Bang Records was created by Bert Berns in 1965 together with his partners from Atlantic Records: Ahmet Ertegun, Nesuhi Ertegun and Jerry Wexler. The first letters of their names (Bert, Ahmet, Nesuhi, Gerald) formed the label's name.
1959 Australian Tourist Trophy
The 1959 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race for sports cars staged at the Lowood circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 June 1959. It was the third in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, each of these being recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Championship for sports cars.

The race was won by Ron Phillips driving a Cooper T38 Jaguar.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Tuscaloosa Seamount
The Tuscaloosa Seamount is an undersea mountain in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of the island Oʻahu.

Tuscaloosa Seamount is composed of volcanic rock, but in contrast to the overwhelming majority of seamounts, it is not a submarine volcano. It is a huge block of rocks that broke off about two million years ago at the Nuʻuanu submarine landslide when the volcano Koʻolau collapsed.

The Tuscaloosa Seamount is 30 km (19 mi) long and 17 km (11 mi) wide. Its shallow summit rises 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) across the sea bottom but is 2,756 metres (9,042 ft) below sea level.

Submarine volcano
Water vapor cloud

Water

Stratum

Lava flow

Magma conduit

Magma chamber

Dike

Pillow lava

Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. Although most submarine volcanoes are located in the depths of seas and oceans, some also exist in shallow water, and these can discharge material into the atmosphere during an eruption. The total number of submarine volcanoes is estimated to be over one million (most are now extinct) of which some 75,000 rise more than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) above the seabed. Only 119 submarine volcanoes in Earth's oceans and seas are known to have erupted during the last 11,700 years.

Hydrothermal vents, sites of abundant biological activity, are commonly found near submarine volcanoes.
Flechas Division
Flechas Division (Flechas = Arrows, in Spanish) was created from the Flechas Negras Brigade expanded into a Division sized unit. It served in the Aragon Offensive and the March to the Sea, in 1938, during the Spanish Civil War. Italians from the Corpo Truppe Volontarie served in these mixed Italo-Spanish Flechas (Arrows) units where the Italians provided the officers and technical personnel, while the Spanish served in the rank-and-file.  For its final campaign it was further strengthened and renamed Flechas Negras Division.

Aragon Offensive
The Aragon Offensive was an important military campaign during the Spanish Civil War, which began after the Battle of Teruel. The offensive, which ran from March 7, 1938, to April 19, 1938, smashed the Republican forces, overran Aragon, and conquered parts of Catalonia and the Levante.
A Parisian Romance (play)
A Parisian Romance (French: Un Roman Parisien) is a play written in French by Octave Feuillet and adapted in English by Augustus R. Cazauran. Producer A. M. Palmer staged it at the Union Square Theatre on Broadway, where it debuted on January 11, 1883, with Richard Mansfield starring as Baron Chevrial. Mansfield later purchased the rights to the play and made it part of the repertory of his touring company. The production used sets designed by Richard Marston.

In 1932 Allied Pictures produced a film adaptation, also titled A Parisian Romance, directed by Chester M. Franklin. It starred Lew Cody and Marion Shilling.

Lew Cody
Lew Cody (born Louis Joseph Côté; February 22, 1884 – May 31, 1934) was an American stage and film actor whose career spanned the silent film and early sound film age. He gained notoriety in the late 1910s for playing "male vamps" in films such as Don't Change Your Husband.
Jennifer Day (singer)
Jennifer Day Morrison (born August 22, 1979) is an American country music singer. Signed to BNA Records in late 1999, she has released one studio album (2000's The Fun of Your Love) and has charted two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. The album's title track was also featured in the 2000 film For Love of the Game.

BNA Records
BNA Records, formerly known as BNA Entertainment, was a label group that shared ties with Arista Nashville and RCA Nashville from parent company Sony Music Nashville, which itself is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, BNA featured country music acts on its roster. The company derived its name from the IATA and ICAO airport codes for Nashville International Airport.

The label was founded by Boomer Castleman, who sold it to BMG Music in 1993. The first act signed was B. B. Watson.

In August 2011, Sony Nashville announced a major corporate restructuring which included the merger of Columbia Nashville into BNA. The BNA name was retired in June 2012, with the last remaining artists moving to a newly re-established Columbia Nashville.
Thorpe-le-Soken railway station
Thorpe-le-Soken railway station is on the Sunshine Coast Line, a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line, in the East of England, serving the village of Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex. It is 65 miles 7 chains (104.7 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street. Its three-letter station code is TLS. To the west the preceding station is Weeley and to the east the following stations are Clacton-on-Sea on the single-stop Clacton branch or Kirby Cross on the branch to Walton-on-the-Naze.

The station was opened by the Tendring Hundred Railway, a subsidiary of the Great Eastern Railway, in 1866. It is currently managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving the station.

East of England
The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes.  It consists of the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The northern part of the region, consisting of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is known as East Anglia. The latter region has been considered an informal region in its own right due to its differing cultural identity.

The population of the East of England in 2024 was 6,576,306. Bedford, Luton, Basildon, Peterborough, Southend-on-Sea, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Chelmsford and Cambridge are the most populous settlements. Peterborough is the largest city in the East of England at 215,000. The southern part of the region lies in the London commuter belt.
N-slit interferometric equation
Quantum mechanics was first applied to optics, and interference in particular, by Paul Dirac. Richard Feynman, in his Lectures on Physics, uses Dirac's notation to describe thought experiments on double-slit interference of electrons. Feynman's approach was extended to N-slit interferometers for either single-photon illumination, or narrow-linewidth laser illumination, that is, illumination by indistinguishable photons, by Frank Duarte. The N-slit interferometer was first applied in the generation and measurement of complex interference patterns.

In this article the generalized N-slit interferometric equation, derived via Dirac's notation, is described. Although originally derived to reproduce and predict N-slit interferograms, this equation also has applications to other areas of optics.

Thought experiment
A thought experiment is an imaginary scenario that is meant to elucidate or test an argument or theory. It is often an experiment that would be hard, impossible, or unethical to actually perform. It can also be an abstract hypothetical that is meant to test our intuitions about morality or other fundamental philosophical questions.
Anton Wölfler
Anton Wölfler (12 January 1850 – 31 January 1917) was an Austrian surgeon born in Kopezten, a village near Kladrau, Bohemia.

In 1874 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, where he was a student of Theodor Billroth (1829–1894). Afterwards, he remained in Vienna for several years as Billroth's assistant. In 1886, he became a professor of surgery at the University of Graz, and from 1895 was a professor at Charles University in Prague.

Wölfler is remembered for his work in gastrointestinal surgery, and for his investigations involving the thyroid gland. On 28 September 1881 he performed the first gastroenterostomy, which occurred on a patient suffering from an inoperable carcinoma of the pylorus. He is also credited with providing the first detailed description of postoperative tetany.

University of Graz
The University of Graz (German: Universität Graz, formerly: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) in Graz is the largest public research university in Styria and the second oldest university in Austria. Its name is derived from Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Francis I of Austria. The University of Graz was founded on January 1, 1585.

The Faculty of Medicine was spun off as the Medical University of Graz on January 1, 2004, under the University Act 2002.
Diocese of Vladimir (Russian Orthodox Church)
The Diocese of Vladimir (Russian: Владимирская епархия) is an eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church centered in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The main cathedral of the diocese is the Assumption Cathedral in the Cathedral Square of Vladimir.

As of 1 January 2006, 28 monasteries were in the eparchy (13 male and 15 female), including 13 metochions and sketes, as well as around 300 parishes. The ruling bishop from November 11, 1990 until 2018 was Eulogius (Smirnov), Metropolitan of Vladimir. He died on 22 July 2020.

Metochion
A metochion or metochi (Greek: μετόχιον, romanized: metóchion or μετόχι, metóchi; Russian: подворье, romanized: podvorie or метох, metoh) is an ecclesiastical embassy church within Eastern Orthodox tradition. It is usually from one autocephalous or autonomous church to another. The term is also used to refer to a parish representation (or dependency) of a monastery or a primate.
Charles Conway Hartigan
Charles Conway Hartigan (September 13, 1882 – February 25, 1944) was born in Middletown, New York and died in Palo Alto, California. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1906.

He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz. He was a veteran of World War I and commanded the ill-fated USS Oklahoma (BB-37) from 1937 to 1939.

Battle of Veracruz (1914)
The Battle of Veracruz  was a military conflict between the United States and Mexico that took place in the Mexican port city of Veracruz between April 21 to November 23, 1914.

The incident occurred in the midst of tense diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States related to the ongoing Mexican Revolution.  It began with an occupation in response to the Tampico Affair of April 9, 1914, where Mexican forces had detained nine American sailors, further worsened relations, and led to widespread anti-Americanism in Mexico.
2022 Dead On Tools 200
The 2022 Dead On Tools 200 was the seventh stock car race of the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and the third iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, May 6, 2022, in Darlington, South Carolina at Darlington Raceway, a 1.366 miles (2.198 km) permanent egg-shaped racetrack. The race was increased from 147 to 149 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. At race's end, John Hunter Nemechek of Kyle Busch Motorsports would win, after holding off Carson Hocevar in the final restart. He would also lead the most laps. This was Nemechek's 12th career truck series win, and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Grant Enfinger of GMS Racing would finish 3rd, respectively. Matt Crafton was going to be awarded with a 5th-place finish, but was disqualified after post-race inspection, due to the front of the truck being too low to the ground. However, a few days later, ThorSport Racing won their appeal over NASCAR, and Crafton was able to keep his 5th-place position.

GMS Racing
GMS Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, ARCA Menards Series and the NASCAR Xfinity Series.

GMS Racing previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2016 to 2019 and in the ARCA Menards Series from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2019 to 2022. The team had a driver development program, Drivers Edge Development, operated in conjunction with JR Motorsports.

Owner Maurice J. Gallagher Jr. is the chairman and CEO of Allegiant Travel Company, which intermittently sponsored the team through its Allegiant Air brand.

On August 23, 2023, the team announced that it would cease operations at the end of the 2023 racing season, along with GMS Fabrication, a separate entity affiliated with the team.
Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination
On February 25, 2022, President Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Ketanji Brown Jackson to the position of associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to fill the vacancy by Stephen Breyer, who announced his retirement on January 27, 2022, at the age of 83. Jackson, a former law clerk of Breyer, was a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, having been appointed by Biden in 2021. Jackson is the first Black woman in U.S. history to be nominated to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.

Her nomination was sent to the Senate on February 28, and her confirmation hearings were held by the Senate Judiciary Committee from March 21 to 24, 2022. The Senate confirmed her on April 7, 2022, by a 53 to 47 vote. She took the oath of office on June 30, 2022.

J. Michelle Childs
Julianna Michelle Childs (born 1966) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. She was previously a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina from 2010 to 2022 and a judge of the South Carolina Circuit Court from 2006 to 2010.

Childs was under consideration by President Joe Biden to fill retiring Justice Stephen Breyer's seat on the Supreme Court of the United States, but Biden instead nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson for Breyer's seat in February 2022.
Tri Counties Bank
Tri Counties Bank is a financial institution headquartered in Chico, California. It is a subsidiary of holding company TriCo Bancshares (NASDAQ: TCBK) headquartered in Chico, California. The first branch opened in 1975 to serve the Butte, Glenn, and Tehama counties, from which the bank received its name. As of 2024, the bank has over 64 branches in California, 8 loan production offices, over 40,000 ATMs nationwide, and total assets of approximately $9.7 billion.

Tehama County, California
Tehama County (/təˈheɪmə/ ⓘ tə-HAY-mə) is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,829. The county seat and largest city is Red Bluff. Tehama County comprises the Red Bluff, California micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Redding-Red Bluff, California combined statistical area. The county is bisected by the Sacramento River.
Audubon Park, New Jersey
Audubon Park is a borough in Camden County, in the southern portion of the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 991, a decrease of 32 (−3.1%) from the 2010 census count of 1,023, which in turn had reflected a decline of 79 (−7.2%) from the 1,102 counted at the 2000 census. The borough is the fifth-smallest municipality in the state by area.

Audubon Park was incorporated as a borough on July 3, 1947, from portions of Audubon Borough, based upon the results of a referendum held on October 28, 1947, making it the newest municipality in Camden County. Audubon Park is a dry town where alcohol is not permitted to be sold by law.

Audubon Park had the third-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 6.311% in 2020, compared to 3.470% in Camden County and a statewide average of 2.279%.

Dry county
In the United States, a dry county is a county whose local government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some prohibit off-premises sale, some prohibit on-premises sale, and some prohibit both. The vast majority of counties now permit the sale of alcohol in at least some circumstances, but some dry counties remain, mostly in the Southern United States; the largest number are in Arkansas, where 30 counties are dry.

A number of smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages and are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (in which alcohol sales are allowed and regulated) and "moist" (in which some sales of alcohol are permitted, or a dry county containing wet cities).
Mustafa Khan
Muhammad Mustafa Khan is a retired senior officer of the Pakistan Army who served as Chief of General Staff at the General Headquarters. Following retirement, he served as the Managing Director of the Fauji Foundation.

Fauji Foundation
Fauji Foundation (lit. 'Soldier Foundation'), also known as Fauji Group (Urdu pronunciation: [ˈfaʊ.dʒi] FOW-jee), is a Pakistani conglomerate based in Rawalpindi. It is active in fertilizer, cement, food, power generation, gas exploration, LPG marketing and distribution, financial services, security services and provides womb-to-tomb benefits to retired servicemen of Pakistan Armed Forces and their families.

Fauji Foundation was originally set up as a charitable organization to provide employment opportunities to Pakistani ex-military personnel and to generate funds for the welfare of widows, and families of martyrs. It also undertakes welfare projects in education, medical, training, and rehabilitation for military personnel.
2011 Algerian Cup final
The 2011 Algerian Cup final was  the final of the 47th edition of the Algerian Cup. The game was held on May 1, 2011 at the Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers between USM El Harrach and JS Kabylie. JS Kabylie won the game 1–0 with a goal from Farès Hamiti in the 13th minute of the game. It was JS Kabylie's fifth time winning the Algerian Cup.

USM El Harrach
Union Sportive de la Médina d'El Harrach (Arabic: الإتحاد الرياضي لمدينة الحراش), known as USM El Harrach or simply USMH for short, is an Algerian football club based in El Harrach, a suburb of Algiers. The club was founded in 1935 as Union Sportive Musulmane Maison-Carréenne and its colours are yellow and black. Their home stadium, 1 November 1954 Stadium, has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.
2021 MBC Entertainment Awards
The 2021 MBC Entertainment Awards (Korean: 2021 MBC 방송연예대상) presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC),  took place on December 29, 2021, at MBC Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul. It was hosted by Jun Hyun-moo, Lee Sang-yi and Kim Se-jeong, and aired on December 29, 2021, at 20.45 (KST). Yoo Jae-suk won the Grand Prize for Hangout with Yoo for second year in a row.

Mapo District
Mapo District (Korean: 마포구; RR: Mapo-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. Mapo has a population of 381,330 (2015) and has a geographic area of 23.87 km2 (9.22 sq mi), and is divided into 24 dong (administrative neighborhoods). Mapo is located in western Seoul on the northern bank of the Han River, bordering the Gyeonggi Province city of Goyang to the northwest, and the Seoul city districts of Gangseo to the west, Yeongdeungpo to the south, Yongsan to the southeast, Jung to the east, and Seodaemun and Eunpyeong to the north.

Mapo is home to several universities and government buildings, and is well known for the Hongdae club district around Hongik University. Mapo is connected to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway's Line 2, Line 5, and Line 6, as well as the Airport Railroad, and the Korail Gyeongui-Jungang Line, which all pass through this district. The Seoul World Cup Stadium, a famous landmark in Seoul, is located in Sangam in northwest Mapo.
The Formula (1980 film)
The Formula is a 1980 mystery film directed by John G. Avildsen. It was produced and written by Steve Shagan, who adapted his own 1979 novel The Formula. The film stars Marlon Brando, George C. Scott, Marthe Keller, John Gielgud, G. D. Spradlin, and Beatrice Straight.

The film centers on the efforts of various groups attempting to either secure or destroy a synthetic fuel formula invented by the Nazis at the end of World War II, which could end global reliance on oil.

The Formula was released on 19 December 1980 and received mixed-to negative reviews from critics. At the 53rd Academy Awards, the film received a nomination for Best Cinematography. Conversely, it also received 5 nominations at the 1st Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture, Worst Director (Avildsen) and Worst Supporting Actor (Brando).

Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor
The Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor is an award presented at the annual Golden Raspberry Awards to the worst supporting actor of the previous year. The following is a list of nominees and recipients of that award, along with the film(s) for which they were nominated.

The category of "actor" has expanded to include the subjects of documentary films. The "supporting actor" category includes short cameo appearances.