hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geography of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a landlocked mountainous country located on the Iranian Plateau, at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. The country is the 40th largest in the world in size. Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, located in the Kabul Province. With a location at the intersection of major trade routes, Afghanistan has attracted a succession of invaders since the sixth century BC.

Afghanistan contains most of the Hindu Kush. There are a number of major rivers in the country, including Amu Darya, Arghandab, Farah, Gambila, Hari, Helmand, Kabul, Kokcha, Kunar, Kunduz, and Panj. The country also possesses many smaller rivers as well as streams, canals, lakes, ponds, and springs. Most of its fresh water historically flowed into neighboring countries.

Arghandab River
The Arghandab is a river in Afghanistan, about 400 km (250 mi) in length. It rises in Ghazni Province, west of the city of Ghazni, and flows southwest, passing near the city of Kandahar, before joining the Helmand River 30 km (19 mi) below the town of Grishk. In its lower course, it is much used for irrigation, under the control of the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority, and the valley is cultivated and populous; yet the water is said to be somewhat brackish. It is doubtful whether the ancient Arachotus is to be identified with the Arghandab or its chief confluent the Tarnak, which joins it on the left 50 km (31 mi) southwest of Kandahar. The Tarnak, which flows south of Kandahar, is much shorter (length about 320 km or 200 miles) and less copious.
Edward Stanley Gibbons
Edward Stanley Gibbons (21 June 1840 – 17 February 1913)  was an English stamp dealer and founder of Stanley Gibbons Ltd, publishers of the Stanley Gibbons stamp catalogue and other stamp-related books and magazines.

Stamp dealer
A stamp dealer is a company or individual engaged in the trade of stamps and philatelic products. This includes those who sell postage stamps for everyday use as well as revenue stamps for use on court documents. Stamp dealers who sell to stamp collectors and philatelists are of many kinds and their businesses range from small home operations to large international companies.
Gower Wassail
The Gower Wassail is a wassail song from Gower in Wales. Wassailing is a midwinter tradition wherein either orchards or households are blessed by guisers, which came to Wales through exposure to English custom. The song is printed in A.L. Lloyd's book Folk Song in England (1967), having been heard from Phil Tanner. Structurally, the song is in 68 time with bacchius trisyllables, a Balliol rhyme scheme, and the "ffal de radl" musical syllables characteristic of much of Welsh folk songs. Some of the lyrics closely resemble other popular wassailing songs, such as the "Gloucestershire Wassail".

Lilting
Lilting is a form of traditional singing common in the Goidelic speaking areas of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man, though singing styles like it occur in many other countries. It goes under many names, and is sometimes referred to as diddling (generally in England and Scotland), mouth music, jigging, chin music or cheek music, puirt à beul or canntaireachd in Scottish Gaelic, or portaireacht bhéil (port a'bhéil, 'mouth-singing') in Irish. The syllables sung do not require any one-to-one corresponding note, and in this way it resembles scat singing, and is distinguished from the singing of sol-fa or sargam.
Priestlands School
Priestlands School is a Mixed-sex education secondary school located in Pennington, Hampshire in southern England. The school serves an area that includes the villages of Beaulieu, Brockenhurst, East Boldre, Hordle, Norleywood, Pilley, South Baddesley, Sway and the towns of Lymington and Milford-on-Sea.

East Boldre
East Boldre is a linear village and civil parish situated near Lymington, Hampshire, England. East Boldre is surrounded by the New Forest and forms part of the district of New Forest.

The Anglican parish church is dedicated to St. Paul, and there is a baptist chapel which was founded in 1810. There is a traditional local pub, The Turfcutters Arms, and a post office. The parish includes the adjoining hamlet of East End.
Barry Pullman
Barry Pullman is an American television writer and television producer.

His credits include Against the Law, Twin Peaks, Nightmare Cafe, Reasonable Doubts, Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Cracker, Bloodline, Roswell, Saved and New Amsterdam. He was also a producer on the latter three series .

New Amsterdam (2008 TV series)
New Amsterdam is an American television drama which aired for eight episodes in 2008 on Fox. The series starred Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as "John Amsterdam" (real name Johann van der Zee), an immortal Dutch man born in 1607, who has lived in New York City on and off since he was 14 years old, and who 'partners' with a female homicide detective in the present day. The series was nominated for an Emmy for Main Title Design.
Benjamin Pike Jr.
Benjamin Pike Jr. (1809 – May 7, 1864) was a businessman and manufacturer of philosophical and optical instruments. He was the eldest son of Benjamin Pike Sr., whom he joined in business from 1831 to 1841 under the name Benjamin Pike & Son, before establishing his own successful firm, Benjamin Pike Jr. & Co.

Optical instrument
An optical instrument is a device that processes light waves (or photons), either to enhance an image for viewing or to analyze and determine their characteristic properties. Common examples include periscopes, microscopes, telescopes, and cameras.
Michael D. Hassard
Michael Dobbyn Hassard (1817 – 7 April 1869) was an Irish Conservative Party politician from County Waterford.

He was educated at Trinity College Dublin, where graduated with a gold medal (the university's award for an outstanding student), and became a lawyer. In 1846 he married his cousin Anne Hassard, the daughter of Sir Francis John Hassard.
They lived at Glenville, County Waterford, and had 2 sons: William and Richard.

He was elected at the 1857 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Waterford City,
and was re-elected in 1859.
In each session, he acted as Chair of Committees.

He stood down from the House of Commons at the 1865 general election, and became a member of the House of Commons Court of Referees, which considers whether a petitioner is entitled to make a challenge against a Private Bill.

Hassard died aged 51 on 7 April 1869, at his home in Glenville, after being ill with a fever for three weeks.

1865 United Kingdom general election
The 1865 United Kingdom general election was held 7 July 1865 to 24 July 1865 to elect 658 members of the House of Commons. It saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to 80.

Palmerston died in October the same year and was succeeded by Lord John Russell as Prime Minister. Despite the Liberal majority, the party was divided by the issue of further parliamentary reform, and Russell resigned after being defeated in a vote in the House of Commons in 1866, leading to minority Conservative governments under Derby and then Benjamin Disraeli.

This was the last United Kingdom general election until 2019 where a party increased its majority after having been returned to office at the previous election with a reduced majority.
Jack Gaffney
John Bernard "Jack" Gaffney OAM (21 August 1929 – 1 August 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Originally from Broken Hill, Gaffney played for and coached Prahran in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) after retiring from the VFL. He later became a lawyer, and was the Supreme Court of Victoria Registrar of Criminal Appeals, a Master; and Registrar of the Court of Appeal. He also served on the VFL Tribunal.

AFL Tribunal
The AFL Tribunal is the disciplinary tribunal of the Australian Football League (AFL), an Australian rules football competition. The Tribunal regulates the conduct of players, umpires, and other officials associated with the AFL and its clubs.
Chilkalguda
Chilakalguda is a residential neighbourhood of Secunderabad, India.

It is predominantly a middle-class neighbourhood with rich of culture, and is located half kilometer away from the Secunderabad Junction railway station. Residential Quarters for Employees of South Central Railway are located here. Gandhi Statue is one of the predominant places in the area. The neighbourhoods of Chilakalguda include Padmarao Nagar, Sitaphalmandi, Namalagundu, Parsigutta and Mylargadda.

South Central Railway zone
The South Central Railway  (abbreviated SCR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways. The jurisdiction of the zone is spread over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka. It has three divisions under its administration, which include Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. Secunderabad, Telangana is the Zonal headquarter.
George Lopez (record label owner)
George Lopez is an American music executive, promoter, and proprietor of Texas-based record label and music storefront T-Town Music. He is also the owner and operator of marketing and management entity Jin Music Group, through which he manages Dallas recording artists Big Tuck and Dirty South Rydaz. Originally a DJ, Lopez established a system of independent distribution and marketing with the help of his store that became beneficial to various labels including No Limit Records, Rap-A-Lot Records and Swisha House. The store was also integral to the success of Southern Hip-Hop collective Dirty South Rydaz (DSR), which Lopez and Trini D. formed and managed, consisting of Big Tuck, Tum Tum, Fat Bastard, Lil' Ronnie, Double T, and Addiction. In 2005, Lopez and Trini D. negotiated an agreement that prompted the signing of T-Town Music to Universal Motown Records.

Swishahouse
Swishahouse is a Southern hip hop record label owned and founded in Houston, Texas in 1997 by the late Michael "5000" Watts, OG Ron C and later Watt’s business partner G-Dash. Known for its artist freestyles and its focus on the chopped and screwed subgenre of Southern hip hop, the record label was influential in launching the careers of artists including Paul Wall, Slim Thug, Mike Jones, and Chamillionaire.
Kelsey Stoerzinger
Kelsey Stoerzinger is an American chemist who is an associate professor at the University of Minnesota. Her research considers the design of materials and processes for renewable energy storage. She is interested in the design of sustainable catalysts that make use of earth abundant materials. She was awarded the 2025 American Chemical Society Marks-Ipatieff Prize.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (July 1893) and the American Chemical Journal (January 1914). It covers all fields of chemistry. Since 2021, the editor-in-chief is Erick M. Carreira (ETH Zurich). In 2014, the journal moved to a hybrid open access publishing model.
Aeri de Montserrat
The Aeri de Montserrat (Catalan pronunciation: [əˈɛɾi ðə munsəˈrat]) is an aerial cable car which provides one of the means of access to the Montserrat mountain and abbey. It can be found 1 hour from the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

The cable car is operated by a separate company than the rack railroad and funiculars, and is not coordinated with them.

The line runs from the monastery to the station of Montserrat-Aeri, on the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC) line from Barcelona-Plaça d'Espanya station to Manresa. The FGC operates the Montserrat Rack Railway, which provides an alternative access to the mountain and abbey, and two funicular railways on the mountain, the Funicular de Sant Joan and the Funicular de Santa Cova.

The cable car was engineered by Adolf Bleichert who had previously designed the Predigtstuhl Cable Car in Bad Reichenhall, Germany.

Sant Joan Funicular
The Sant Joan Funicular (Catalan: Funicular de Sant Joan; Spanish: Funicular de San Juan) is a funicular railway at Montserrat, near Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. The line connects the monastery, and the upper terminus of the Montserrat Rack Railway, with sacred sites, walking trails and viewpoints higher up the mountain. With a maximum gradient of 65%, it is the steepest funicular in Spain.
Australian cricket team in New Zealand in 1886–87
The Australian cricket team toured New Zealand in late November and early December 1886.

It was Australia's third tour of New Zealand, after tours in 1877-78 and 1880-81, and the shortest of the three. The Australians played five matches against provincial teams, four of which fielded 22 players (the other team, Canterbury, fielded 18) with the aim of providing more evenly-matched contests. As the matches were not 11-a-side they are not considered to have been first-class. The Australians won two of the matches and drew the other three.

Colony of New Zealand
The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1907. British authority was vested in a governor. The colony had three successive capitals: Okiato (or Old Russell) in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington from 1865. Following the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, the colony became a Crown colony with its first elected parliament in 1853. Responsible self-government was established in 1856 with the governor required to act on the advice of his ministers. In 1907, the colony became the Dominion of New Zealand.
Nautilus Data Technologies
Nautilus Data Technologies, based in Pleasanton, California, is an American company developing floating data centers. It was founded by U.S. Navy veteran Arnold Magcale. As of 2016, the CEO is James L. Connaughton. The floating data center concept, also called a data barge, is being developed at the former Mare Island Naval Shipyard in association with elements of the U.S. Navy including SPAWAR. The company plans to operate a 235-foot (72 m) barge in the Stockton Deep Water Channel, circulating water on board to cool equipment and returning it to the source 4 °F (2.2 °C) hotter.

Mare Island Naval Shipyard
The Mare Island Naval Shipyard (MINSY or MINS) was the first United States Navy base established on the Pacific Ocean and was in service 142 years from 1854 to 1996. It is located on the peninsula of Mare Island, which is part of the city of Vallejo, on San Pablo Bay in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, 23 miles (37 km) northeast of San Francisco. MINSY made a name for itself as the premier U.S. West Coast submarine port as well as serving as the controlling force in San Francisco Bay Area shipbuilding efforts during World War II.

The naval base was closed on 31 March 1996, with more than 7,500 civilians on its payroll, and has gone through several redevelopment phases. It was registered as a California Historical Landmark in 1960, and parts of it were declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1975.
Nabhasa yoga
Nābhāsa yoga (Sanskrit: नाभास) refers to the different arrangements of all seven of the planets in the celestial realm in Hindu astrology.

The Sanskrit word nābhāsa can be variously translated as "celestial," "heavenly" or "appearing in the sky."

Hindu astrology
Hindu astrology, also called Indian astrology, jyotisha (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष, romanized: jyotiṣa; from  jyót 'light, heavenly body') and, more recently, Vedic astrology, is the traditional Hindu system of astrology. It is one of the six auxiliary disciplines in Hinduism that is connected with the study of the Vedas.

The Vedanga Jyotisha is one of the earliest texts about astronomy within the Vedas. Some scholars believe that the horoscopic astrology practiced in the Indian subcontinent came from Hellenistic influences. However, this is a point of intense debate, and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently, although it may have interacted with Greek astrology.

The scientific consensus is that astrology is a pseudoscience.
Kimbirila-Sud
Kimbirila-Sud is a town in north-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Samatiguila Department in Kabadougou Region, Denguélé District.

Kimbirila-Sud was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Kabadougou
Kabadougou Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Denguélé District. The seat of the region is Odienné and the region's population in the 2021 census was 289,806.

Kabadougou is currently divided into five departments: Gbéléban, Madinani, Odienné, Samatiguila, and Séguélon.
Warrumbungle Shire
The Warrumbungle Shire is a local government area in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is traversed by the Newell Highway. The Warrumbungle mountain range and Warrumbungles National Park are major tourist attractions for the Shire. Its seat is located in Coonabarabran, a town in the southwest.

The mayor of Warrumbungle Shire Council is Cr. Kathryn Rindfleish, who is unaligned with any political party.

The Warrumbungle Shire local government area sits on Gamilaraay land to the north-east, Wiradjuri land to the south, and Weilwan land to the west.

Wayilwan
The Wayilwan (also rendered Weilwan or Wailwan; also known as Ngiyambaa Wayilwan and Ngemba Wayilwan) are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of New South Wales. They are a clan of the Ngiyambaa (nee-yam-bar) nation.
Elacatinus pridisi
Elacatinus pridisi is a species of goby endemic to the islands of Trindade and Martin Vaz and the seamounts associated to these islands in Brazil. Like other species of the genus Elacatinus, it engages in cleaning behavior. However, unlike other cleaners, it lives in association with both sponges and Montastrea cavernosa instead of only coral. It was also recorded in association with sea urchins.

Montastraea
Montastraea is a genus of colonial stony coral found in the Caribbean seas. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Montastraeidae and contains a single species, Montastraea cavernosa, known as great star coral. It forms into massive boulders and sometimes develops into plates. Its polyps are the size of a human thumb and fully extend at night.
First ladies and gentlemen of Ecuador
First ladies and gentlemen of Ecuador are the wives and husbands of the presidents of Ecuador. There has been only one first gentleman of Ecuador to date, Eduardo Peña Triviño, the husband of former acting president Rosalía Arteaga Serrano.

President of Ecuador
The president of Ecuador (Spanish: Presidente del Ecuador), officially the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. Per the current constitution adopted in 2008, the president can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term.

The current president of Ecuador is Daniel Noboa, who was first elected in 2023 and re-elected in 2025. Having been sworn in at age 35, Noboa is the second youngest president in Ecuadorian history, after Juan José Flores.
Caiapobrycon
Caiapobrycon is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stevardiidae. The only species in this genus is Caiapobrycon tucurui, a characin, which is endemic to the Rio Tocantins and Rio Araguaia river systems in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará and Tocantins, as well as in the Federal District. The specific name refers to the town of Tucuruí, the type locality. This is a small fish with a maximum standard length of 4.5 cm (1.8 in).

Characiformes
Characiformes /ˈkærəsɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, more than 2000 different species are described, including the well-known piranha and tetras. Characins are most diverse in the Neotropics, where they are found in lakes and rivers throughout most of South and Central America. At least 209 species of characins are found in Africa, including the distichodontids, citharinids, alestids, and hepsetids. The rest of the characins originate in the Americas.

A few characins become quite large, and are important as food or game. Most, however, are small shoaling fish (or forage fish). Many species commonly called tetras are popular in aquaria because of their bright colors, general hardiness, and tolerance towards other fish in community tanks.
Grobla, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Grobla [ˈɡrɔbla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rytwiany, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Rytwiany, 6 km (4 mi) south of Staszów, and 58 km (36 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Staszów County
Staszów County (Polish: powiat staszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Staszów, which lies 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Połaniec, lying 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Staszów, and Osiek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Staszów.

The county covers an area of 924.80 square kilometres (357.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is  67,331, out of which the population of Staszów is  14,762, that of Połaniec is  8,098, that of Osiek is  2,007, and the rural population is  42,464.
Lee Kyung-hwan
Lee Kyung-Hwan (March 21, 1988 – April 14, 2012) was a South Korean football player. He played for Daejeon Citizen and Suwon Bluewings.

Lee was involved in match-fixing scandal while playing for Daejeon Citizen. On the basis of the prosecution's investigation, it was confirmed in August 2011 that he would be banned from playing in the all football leagues in South Korea.

He committed suicide in Incheon on 14 April 2012, at age 24, after jumping off an apartment building. Lee was pronounced dead on the way to the hospital.

Daejeon Hana Citizen
Daejeon Hana Citizen FC (Korean: 대전 하나 시티즌 FC) is a South Korean professional football team based in Daejeon, competing in K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. At the time of its foundation in 1997, Daejeon was the first community-owned club in South Korea, not being owned by any company. The club first entered the K League in the 1997 season, finishing in seventh place. In spite of a limited budget, Daejeon won the 2001 Korean FA Cup. It has not achieved sustained success in the K League, historically occupying the middle and lower reaches of the standings each season and spending long spells in the second-tier K League 2.

On 24 December 2019, Hana Financial Group bought the club's operating rights and renamed the club to its current name.
Craven Faults
Craven Faults is a British electronic artist and producer known for combining analogue synthesizers, electronics and field recordings to create music that draws from ambient music, Krautrock and electronica. The name is taken from the Craven Fault System in the Pennines and much of his music draws inspiration from the landscapes of Yorkshire, where he resides.

Craven Fault System
The Craven Fault System is the name applied by geologists to the group of crustal faults in the Pennines that form the southern edge of the Askrigg Block and which partly bounds the Craven Basin.  Sections of the system's component faults which include the North, Middle and South Craven faults and the Feizor Fault are evident at the surface in the form of degraded faults scarps where Carboniferous Limestone abuts millstone grit. The fault system is approximately coincident with the southwestern edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the northeastern edge of the Bowland Fells.