hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trisyllabic laxing
Trisyllabic laxing, or trisyllabic shortening, is any of three processes in English in which tense vowels (long vowels or diphthongs) become lax (short monophthongs) if they are followed by two or more syllables, at least the first of which is unstressed, for example, grateful vs gratitude, profound vs profundity.

By a different process, laxing is also found in disyllabic and monosyllabic words, for example, shade vs shadow, lose vs lost.

Monophthong
A monophthong (/ˈmɒnəfθɒŋ/, MON-əf-thong) is a vowel sound characterized by a relatively stable articulatory configuration throughout its duration. During the production of a monophthong, the tongue does not undergo significant vertical (height) or horizontal (front–back) movement toward a different position of articulation. For this reason, monophthongs are commonly referred to as pure vowels.

Monophthongs are contrasted with diphthongs, in which vowel quality changes (or glides) within a single syllable, and with hiatus, in which two adjacent vowel sounds belong to separate syllables.

The term derives from Ancient Greek μονόφθογγος (monóphthongos, “single sound”), formed from μόνος (mónos, “single”) and φθόγγος (phthóngos, “sound”).
Lužnice (Jindřichův Hradec District)
Lužnice is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Lužnice lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Jindřichův Hradec, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of České Budějovice, and 116 km (72 mi) south of Prague.

Jindřichův Hradec
Jindřichův Hradec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪndr̝ɪxuːf ˈɦradɛts] ⓘ; German: Neuhaus) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 21,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS, Filipino: [ˈfivolks]; Filipino: Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya) is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property and in support of economic, productivity, and sustainable development. It is one of the service agencies of the Department of Science and Technology.

PHIVOLCS monitors volcano, earthquake, and tsunami activity, and issues warnings as necessary. It is mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from such volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other related geotectonic phenomena.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Rapallo railway station
Rapallo railway station (Italian: Stazione di Rapallo) serves the town and comune of Rapallo, in the Liguria region, northwestern Italy.  Opened in 1868, it forms part of the Pisa–La Spezia–Genoa railway, and is situated between La Spezia and Genoa.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services to and from the station are operated by Trenitalia.  All of these companies are subsidiaries of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Northwest Italy
Northwest Italy (Italian: Italia nord-occidentale or just Nord-ovest) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Northwest encompasses four of the country's 20 regions:

Aosta Valley

Liguria

Lombardy

Piedmont
Tati, Prince of Kosovo
Tati Essad Murad Kryeziu, Prince of Kosova (24 December 1923 – 17 August 1993) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Albania from the creation of monarchy, under King Zog I, on 1 September 1928 prior to the birth of Crown Prince Leka on 5 April 1939.

Tati Kryeziu was born in Tirana the son of Princess Nafijé Zogu and Ceno Bey Kryeziu.

In 1931, he was created Prince of Kosova (Princ i Kosovës), with the style of His Highness , as heir presumptive to the Albanian throne (1928–1939).

He married, as her second husband, Munira Fawzi née Sabri, a relative of Queen Nazli of Egypt, at Cannes, France, on 24 February 1952. They divorced in 1970. He died in Cannes, France, on 17 August 1993 without issue.

Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.
Boxing at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's lightweight
The women's lightweight competition of the boxing events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was held between the 20 and 25 of July at the Oshawa Sports Centre. The defending champion is Kiria Tapia of Puerto Rico. Lightweights is limited to those boxers weighing less than or equal to 60 kilograms.

Like all Pan American boxing events, the competition is a straight single-elimination tournament. Both semifinal losers are awarded bronze medals, so no boxers compete again after their first loss. Bouts consist of  a 3 rounds "10-point must" scoring system used in the pro game, where the winner of each round must be awarded 10 points and the loser a lesser amount. AIBA officials are waiting to see how things go in the men's game before making a decision to take headgear off women fighters. Five judges scored each bout. The winner will be the boxer who scored the most at the end of the match.

Tribute Communities Centre
The Tribute Communities Centre, formerly known as the General Motors Centre or GM Centre, GMC for short, is a multi-purpose arena located in downtown Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, which opened in November 2006. The arena was constructed to replace the Oshawa Civic Auditorium. The main tenant is the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League; beginning in 2026, the Oshawa FireWolves of the National Lacrosse League will also play their home games at the Centre. It features the Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame, Prospects Bar and Grill, an Oshawa Generals retail store, executive seating and special club seats. The name was changed to Tribute Communities Centre on November 1, 2016.
Ulrike Priller
Ulrike Priller-Dressler (born 6 January 1973) is an Austrian former professional tennis player.

Priller reached a career best ranking of 182 in the world and won four ITF titles.

Her best performance on the WTA Tour was a second round appearance at Brisbane in 1990, which she followed up by making it through to the final qualifying round for the Australian Open.

1990 Australian Open
The 1990 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 78th edition of the Australian Open and was held from 15 through 28 January 1990.
Seal the Deal & Let's Boogie
Seal the Deal & Let's Boogie is the sixth studio album by Danish rock band Volbeat. The album was released on 3 June 2016. It is the first album not to feature Anders Kjølholm who left in November the previous year.

Rob Caggiano
Robert Caggiano (born November 7, 1976) is an American guitarist and record producer. He was the lead guitarist of the Danish rock band Volbeat from 2013 to 2023 and of thrash metal band Anthrax from 2001 to 2005 and 2007 to 2013. He was also a member of nu metal band Boiler Room.
North–South All-Star Classic
The North–South All-Star Classic was a postseason college football all-star game, the only edition of which took place in 2007. The game was played in Houston at the Galena Park ISD Stadium and telecast on ESPN2.

On January 13, 2007, the North team, led by San Jose State coach Dick Tomey, defeated the South team, coached by Texas Tech coach Mike Leach, 28–17.  Galena Park ISD had a two-year agreement to host the game. The second annual edition of the game was tentatively scheduled for January 12, 2008, but was cancelled. The game was sponsored by Inta Juice, an energy drink.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Seehafer
Seehafer is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

James Seehafer, American painter and multi media artist

Reinhard Seehafer (born 1958), German conductor, pianist, and composer of contemporary classical music

Reinhard Seehafer
Reinhard Seehafer (born September 6, 1958) is a German conductor, pianist, composer of contemporary classical music and the founder and artistic director of the Festival Altmark Festspiele in Saxony Anhalt.
James B. Carey (judge)
James Burton Carey (February 17, 1905 – August 10, 1979) was a justice of the Delaware Supreme Court from 1963 to 1974. He died in 1979.

Born in Georgetown, Delaware, Carey received his law degree from the Temple University School of Law in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and thereafter worked for an insurance company in that city until the Great Depression forced his return to Georgetown. In 1945, he was appointed by Governor Walter W. Bacon to a seat on the Delaware Superior Court. A Republican, Carey's appointment maintained the political balance of the high court.

On May 3, 1963, Governor Elbert N. Carvel nominated Carey to a seat on the Delaware Supreme Court. Carey was promptly confirmed by the Delaware Senate. and was sworn into office for a twelve-year term beginning May 16, 1963. Carey served for eleven years, retiring from the court in May 1974, a year before the end of his term.

Delaware Superior Court
The Delaware Superior Court, previously known as the Superior Court and Orphans' Court, is the state trial court of general jurisdiction in the state of Delaware. It has original jurisdiction over most criminal and civil cases (except for suits at equity, which are handled by the Delaware Court of Chancery).  It also serves as an intermediate appellate court, hearing appeals on the record from the Court of Common Pleas, Family Court, and most state administrative agencies. It is headed by Judge Jan R. Jurden.

The Superior Court includes a Complex Commercial Litigation Division (CCLD), which has been operating as a business court since 2010. The CCLD focuses on commercial disputes for money damages between businesses, complementing the Court of Chancery which focuses on internal business disputes.
Wax tablet
A wax tablet is a tablet made of wood and covered with a layer of wax, often linked loosely to a cover tablet, as a "double-leaved"  diptych.  It was used as a reusable and portable writing surface in antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Cicero's letters make passing reference to the use of cerae, and some examples of wax-tablets have been preserved in waterlogged deposits in the Roman fort at Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall. Medieval wax tablet books are on display in several European museums.

Writing on the wax surface was performed with a pointed instrument, a stylus.  A straight-edged spatula-like implement (often placed on the opposite end of the stylus tip) would be used as an eraser. The modern expression of "a clean slate" equates to the Latin expression "tabula rasa".

Wax tablets were used for a variety of purposes, from taking down students' or secretaries' notes to recording business accounts.  Early forms of shorthand were used too.

Spatula
A spatula is a broad, flat, flexible blade used to mix, spread and lift material including foods, drugs, plaster and paints.

In medical applications, "spatula" may also be used synonymously with tongue depressor.

The word spatula derives from the Latin word for a flat piece of wood or splint, a diminutive form of the Latin spatha, meaning 'broadsword', and hence can also refer to a tongue depressor. The words spade (digging tool) and spathe are similarly derived.  The word spatula has been used in English since 1525.
Mike O'Rourke (athlete)
Michael David O'Rourke (born 25 August 1955) is a former New Zealand javelin thrower. He represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and at three Commonwealth Games. He was national champion eight times. O'Rourke was born in Croydon, New South Wales, Australia. In 1990, he was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.

O'Rourke won two British AAA Championships titles in the javelin at the 1981 AAA Championships and 1983 AAA Championships.

New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal
The New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal was a commemorative medal awarded in New Zealand in 1990 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, and was awarded to 3,632 people.
E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar
E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar, known by followers as the Shams-ul-Ulama (lit. "the Sun of the Scholars"), was a Shafi'i scholar and community leader from Kerala, south India. He served as the General Secretary of the Samastha-Kerala Jam'iyyat al-'Ulama', the principal Sunni-Shafi'i scholarly body in Kerala, from 1957 to 1996.

Ezhuthachan Kandi Aboobacker was born in 1914, to E. K. Koya Kutty and Adiyottil Fathima, at Parambilkadavu, near the city of Kozhikode. After the initial education from a number of Kerala-based scholars, he joined the al-Bakiyat-us-Salihat College at Vellore for higher studies.

He later served as the principal of Jamia Nuriya Arabic College, Pattikkad.

He became the principal of Jamia Darussalam al Islamiyya, Nandi for 20 years, after he had left Jamia Nuriya Arabic College, Pattikkad.

E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar died on 19 August 1996.

Pattikkad, Perinthalmanna
Pattikkad is a town near Perinthalmanna, in Malappuram district of Kerala, in southwestern India. It is situated at about 5 km from Perinthalmanna, in the
Valancheri- Perinthalmanna-Nilambur road. The railway station is on the Shoranur-Nilambur Railway Line. There are two Arabic colleges.
StarTimes
StarTimes is a Chinese electronics and media company based in Sub-Saharan Africa.

StarTimes offers digital terrestrial television and satellite television services to consumers, and provides technologies to countries and broadcasters that are switching from analog to digital television. As of July 2020, StarTimes has distributors in 37 countries, serving 13 million DVB subscribers and 20 million OTT users.

Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation
The Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) is a Zambian television and radio station, formerly state owned, now technically a statutory body but still essentially under government control. It is the oldest, widest, and largest radio and television service provider in Zambia. It was established by an Act of Parliament in 1987, which was passed to transform the Zambia Broadcasting Services from being a Government Department under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Services into a statutory body called the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation.
Moraea viscaria
Moraea viscaria is the type species of the genus of Moraea in the family Iridaceae that is named after the sticky secretion on the stem and branches.

It is a cormous geophyte 20 – 45 cm in height with white flowers. The outer tepals are 15 – 23 mm long and inner tepals 14 – 20 mm long. The flower is sweetly scented and pollen bright red. The stem is branched and sticky, dry at flowering. It flowers from October to December.

Its habitat is reported as sandy or stony flats in the Western Cape between Saldanha in the west and Cape Agulhas in the east.

Saldanha, South Africa
Saldanha (Afrikaans: [sal'dana]), also known as Saldanha Bay, is a town of 21,636 people, located 110 kilometres (70 mi) north of Cape Town on the northern shore of Saldanha Bay, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its situation as a natural sheltered harbour has led to development as a port for the export of iron ore from Sishen in the Northern Cape, which is transported on the Sishen–Saldanha railway line. The port is one of the largest exporting ports of ore in the whole of Africa, and it is able to handle ships as large as 200 000 tons deadweight.
59th Quartermaster Company (United States)
The 59th Quartermaster Company is a bulk petroleum company designed to provide semi-portable storage for 2.5 million US gallons (9,500 m3) of fuel and to provide distribution of fuel to military units within a specified geographic area while deployed overseas. Its secondary mission is to provide an armed military escort to military cargo and civilian trucks during overseas contingency operations.  It is a U.S. Army Forces Command combat service support unit stationed at Fort Carson, Colorado under the command of the 68th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion. The 59th has deployed overseas to Algeria, Italy, France, Germany, Korea, Vietnam, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Afghanistan.  The 59th is the only bulk petroleum company in the Regular Army; all sister units are part of the Army Reserve as of 2011.

United States Army Forces Command
The United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) was the largest command of the United States Army. It provided land forces to the Department of Defense's unified combatant commands. FORSCOM was headquartered at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and consisted of more than 750,000 active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and Army National Guard soldiers. It was created on 1 July 1973 from the former Continental Army Command (CONARC), which in turn supplanted Army Field Forces and Army Ground Forces.

FORSCOM was disestablished on 5 December 2025, the same time as the Army standing up U.S. Army Western Hemisphere Command (USAWHC).
1892 Currie Cup
The 1892 Currie Cup was the first edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.

The tournament was won by Western Province, who won all four of their matches in the competition, beating Border, Griqualand West, Natal and Transvaal.

Border Bulldogs
The Border Bulldogs (Grens Bulldogs) is a South African professional rugby union team based in East London that participates in the annual Currie Cup competitions. They are governed by the Border Rugby Union (BRU).
Wojciech Szpankowski
Wojciech Szpankowski (born February 18, 1952, in Wapno) is the Saul Rosen Professor of Computer Science at Purdue University. He is known for his work in analytic combinatorics, analysis of algorithms and analytic information theory. He is the director of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Science of Information.

Wapno
Wapno [ˈvapnɔ] is a village in Wągrowiec County, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, close to the border with Żnin County. Wapno is Polish for lime and reflects the large gypsum deposits in the area, which can be processed to produce lime. There are also large deposits of rock salt that were mined extensively beginning in the nineteenth century.

Wapno lies in the so-called Gniezno Lake District, and is close to several lakes. The village is 20 km (12 mi) north of the town of Wągrowiec.
Fatemeh Jamalifar
Fatemeh Jamalifar (in Persian: فاطمه جمالی‌فر) (Born April 3, 1999, in Karaj) is a table tennis player and a member of the Iranian national team. She started her career in 2008 and achieved many successes. She entered the national arena in 2009 by joining the national non-halal team. The national table tennis team of Iran has been present. Jamalifar will be a member of Babak Kerman Municipality team in 2020 _ 2021 in the Adult Premier League.

Karaj
Karaj (Persian: کرج; pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital  of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran."

Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the 1,419 km2 (548 sq mi) county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census.
2022 Scottish Rally Championship
The Motorsport UK Scottish Rally Championship is a rallying series run throughout Scotland over the course of a year that comprises both gravel and tarmac surface rallies. The 2022 series began on the forest tracks around Inverness on 5 March with the season finale due to take place in Kielder Forest, Northumberland on 22 October. The championship will be sponsored by KNC Groundworks for the fourth year in succession.

Following the Galloway Hills Rally in September, driver David Bogie was declared champion after winning five of the seven events thus far.

Forest track
Forest tracks or forest roads are roads or tracks intended to carry motorised vehicles or horse-drawn wagons being used mainly or exclusively for forestry purposes, such as conservation or logging. Forest tracks may be open to ramblers or mountain bikers depending on local rules.
Peel Cirque
Peel Cirque (69°7′S 70°31′W﻿ / ﻿69.117°S 70.517°W﻿ / -69.117; -70.517) is a glacial cirque lying above the southwest portion of the Roberts Ice Piedmont, situated in the northeast portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Photographed from the air by Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) in 1947, mapped from air photographs by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1959, and surveyed by British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1973–77. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1980 after Dr. David Anthony Peel, glaciologist with BAS from 1968, who worked on Alexander Island, in the years 1975 and 1976.

Alexander Island
Alexander Island, also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound. The George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west. Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres (240 mi) long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide in the north, and 240 kilometres (150 mi) wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second-largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island.