hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnau de Gurb
Arnau de Gurb (in Spanish, Arnoldo de Guerbo) was bishop of Barcelona from 1252 to 1284. He had served as a canon at the cathedral of Vic and later as primary archdeacon in Barcelona. As bishop, he expanded the episcopal palace, and built the Chapel of Santa Llúcia (Saint Lucy) in the cathedral of Barcelona. With James II of Aragon, he participated in the conquest of the kingdom of Murcia. He served as ambassador to the French court. He was close with Saint Raymond of Peñafort and promoted the cult of the Immaculate Conception.

He participated in the Disputation of Barcelona. James I of Aragon had appointed a censorship commission to remove the passages perceived offensive from the Talmud. It consisted of De Gurb, Raymond de Peñafort, and the Dominicans Arnoldo de Segarra, Pedro de Janua and Ramón Martí (author of Pugio Fidei).

His body rests in a mausoleum in the Chapel of Santa Llúcia in the Cathedral of Barcelona.

Raymond Martini
Raymond Martini, also called Ramon Martí in Catalan, was a 13th-century Dominican friar and theologian. He is remembered for his polemic work Pugio Fidei (c. 1270). In 1250 he was one of eight friars appointed to make a study of oriental languages with the purpose of carrying on a mission to Jews and Moors. He worked in Spain as a missionary, and also for a short time in Tunis. A document bearing his signature and dated July 1284 shows that he was at that time still living.
Alternativna TV
Alternativna TV (ATV; Serbian Cyrillic: Алтернативна ТВ, АТВ) is a television company based in Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This TV station also has web-based news reporting, and its news portal is among the most visited websites in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.
Ilex guayusa
Ilex guayusa (/ˈaɪlɛks ˈɡwaɪjuːsə/ or /ˈaɪlɛks ˈwaɪjuːsə/) is a species of tree in the holly family, Aquifoliaceae. It is native to the Amazon rainforest. One of four known caffeinated holly trees, the leaves of the guayusa tree are harvested fresh and brewed like a tea for their stimulative effects. It is known simply as guayusa in western languages like Spanish, as waisa in Kichwa and as wayus or wais in Shuar.

Shuar language
Shuar ('people', also known by such derogatory terms as Chiwaro, Jibaro, Jivaro, or Xivaro) is an indigenous language spoken by the Shuar people of Morona Santiago Province and Pastaza Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin.
Lea Wermelin
Lea Wermelin (born 10 May 1985) is a Danish politician. She has been a member of Folketinget for the Social Democrats from 2015. She was appointed Minister for the Environment in the Frederiksen Cabinet from 27 June 2019.

Minister for the Environment (Denmark)
The Danish Minister of the Environment (Danish: Miljøminister), is a minister in the government of Denmark, with overall responsibility for strategy and policy across the Ministry of the Environment. The ministry and the ministerial position were created in 1971. From 1971 to 1973, the ministry was named the "Ministry of Pollution Control".
Judy Stamps
Judy A. Stamps is a professor emerita and researcher within the Department of Evolution and Ecology at University of California, Davis.

Stamps' research focuses on conservation ecology and ethology. Specifically, her research has centered on behavioral ecology, habitat selection, animal personality, plasticity in lizard communication, and implications of developmental processes for problems in behavioral ecology and conservation biology.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Czechoslovak Open
The Czechoslovak Open was a professional golf tournament played from 1935 to 1938. Mark Seymour won the inaugural 1935 championship with a score a 276, a record low aggregate for an open championship. Seymour retained the title in 1936 while Henry Cotton won in 1937 and 1938. The first three championships were held near Marienbad at the Royal Golf Club Mariánské Lázně.

Henry Cotton (golfer)
Sir Thomas Henry Cotton, MBE (28 January 1907 – 22 December 1987) was an English professional golfer. He won the Open Championship in 1934, 1937 and 1948, becoming the leading British player of his generation.
Discrete spectrum (mathematics)
In mathematics, specifically in spectral theory, a discrete spectrum of a closed linear operator is defined as the set of isolated points of its spectrum such that the rank of the corresponding Riesz projector is finite.

The discrete spectrum can also be defined as the set of normal eigenvalues.

Isolated point
In mathematics, a point x is called an isolated point of a subset S (in a topological space X) if x is an element of S and there exists a neighborhood of x that does not contain any other points of S. This is equivalent to saying that the singleton {x}  is an open set in the topological space S (considered as a subspace of X). Another equivalent formulation is: an element x of S is an isolated point of S if and only if it is not a limit point of S.

If the space X is a metric space, for example a Euclidean space, then an element x of S is an isolated point of S if there exists an open ball around x that contains only finitely many elements of S.
A point set that is made up only of isolated points is called a discrete set or discrete point set (see also discrete space).
Yu Godai
Yu Godai (五代 ゆう Godai Yū, born August 7, 1970) is a Japanese writer from Nara Prefecture. Her father was a Japanese language teacher at Todaiji Gakunen middle school and high school.

While Godai was still a university student her The Story of the Beginning of Bone was selected for the fourth annual Fantasy Novel Prize, which was sponsored by the Japanese publisher Fujimi Shobo. Godai was the first person to receive the grand prize. Before this novel was published, Godai made her debut with the story "Capital of Kyoshin", which appeared in the monthly Dragon Magazine.

Godai was contracted by Atlus for drafting the story of Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga video game series. She left the project partway due to health issues but held the contract right to publish her own version of the novel based on the setting of the game, which later became the Quantum Devil Saga series.

Fujimi Shobo
Fujimi Shobo (富士見書房), formerly Fujimi Shobo Co., Ltd. (株式会社富士見書房, Kabushiki gaisha Fujimi Shobō), was a Japanese publisher that specialized in light novels, manga, role-playing games and collectible card games. Founded in 1972 and reorganized three times, it was at times an independent company and at times an imprint of Kadokawa Future Publishing. It ceased to be an independent company in 2013, with its assets folded into Kadokawa Shoten. The brand was retired in 2015.
Arthur Bliss Copp
Arthur Bliss Copp PC (July 10, 1870 – December 5, 1949) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Jolicure, New Brunswick, to Joseph Harvey Copp and Frances Lydia Brennan.  He was a lawyer before being elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in a 1901 by-election; he represented Westmorland County until 1912. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the New Brunswick riding of Westmorland in a 1915 by-election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1917 and 1921. From 1921 to 1925, he was the Secretary of State of Canada. In 1925, he was called to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Westmorland, New Brunswick. He died in office in 1949. He is buried in the Sackville Rural Cemetery in Sackville, New Brunswick.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Konstantinos Kallias
Konstantinos Kallias (July 9, 1901 – April 7, 2004) was a Greek politician.

He was born in Chalkis. He studied law at the University of Athens. He co-founded with Panagiotis Kanellopoulos the National Unionist Party. He served in many ministerial positions, including Minister for Justice (1958) and vice-president of New Democracy under Konstantinos Karamanlis (1975–1976).

In the first Greek elections to the European Parliament, he was elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). In 2003 he entered the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest active writer of an autobiography, at the age of 102. He died, aged 102, in Athens on April 7, 2004.

1981 European Parliament election in Greece
European Parliament elections were held in Greece for the first time on 18 October 1981. The rest of the European Community voted in 1979 before Greece became a member state. Greece was allocated 24 seats in the Parliament.
Perth RedStar FC
Perth RedStar Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Joondalup, Western Australia currently playing in the National Premier Leagues Western Australia and National Premier Leagues WA Women.

Their home ground is the RedStar Arena at the Joondalup campus of Edith Cowan University.

ECU Joondalup
ECU Joondalup is a university campus of Edith Cowan University located in the suburb of Joondalup, Western Australia around 25 km away from Perth. The campus also forms part of the Joondalup Learning Precinct, which includes the West Coast College of TAFE to the north and the Western Australian Police Academy to the northeast. It is serviced by the Joondalup CAT and is close to the Mitchell Freeway.
Juelsminde Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Juelsminde municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Vejle County on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality included the island of Hjarnø, and covered an area of 240 km2.  It had a total population of 15,555 (2005).  Its last mayor was Peter Schmidt Hansen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Juelsminde.

The main part of the municipality was located on a headland.

Juelsminde municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007), merged with Hedensted municipality and most of Tørring-Uldum municipality to form a new Hedensted municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 565 km2 and a total population of 56,508 (2005).  The new municipality belongs to Region Midtjylland.

Vejle County
Vejle County (Danish: Vejle Amt) is a former county (Danish: amt) on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in southern Denmark. The county was abolished effective January 1, 2007, when it was divided between Region Midtjylland (i.e. Region Central Jutland) and Region of Southern Denmark. Vejle became the seat of the latter region.
Central Office for Information Technology in the Security Sector
The Central Office for Information Technology in the Security Sector (German: Zentrale Stelle für Informationstechnik im Sicherheitsbereich, ZITiS) is a federal agency of the German government. Headquartered in Munich, it is subordinate to the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community. Its mission is to develop and research technical solutions, tools and methods for other government agencies.

As such ZITiS is not an intelligence or law enforcement agency of its own, but rather provides services for the Federal Police (BPOL), Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) and Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV). The agency also cooperates with universities and research institutes to develop new surveillance technology and strategies. ZITiS operations are organised in four departments: Telecommunication Surveillance, Digital Forensics, Cryptanalysis, and Big Data Analysis.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
1983 NCAA Division I field hockey tournament
The 1983 NCAA Division I field hockey tournament was the third annual single-elimination tournament hosted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the national champion of women's collegiate field hockey among its Division I members in the United States, the culmination of the 1983 NCAA Division I field hockey season.

Old Dominion won their second consecutive championship, defeating Connecticut in the final, 3–1 after three overtime periods. This was a rematch of the previous year's final, also won by the Lady Monarchs.

Old Dominion Monarchs field hockey
The Old Dominion Monarchs field hockey team (formerly the Lady Monarchs) represents Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. The team currently competes as a Big East Conference affiliate of NCAA Division I field hockey.
Big Red Meat
Big Red Meat (Comanche: Piarʉ Ekarʉhkapʉ – big red-meat, big red-food; c. 1820/1825 – January 1, 1875) was a Nokoni Comanche chief and a leader of Native American resistance against White invasion during the second half of the 19th century.

Comanche language
Comanche (English: /kəˈmæntʃi/, endonym Nʉmʉ Tekwapʉ̲) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Comanche, who split from the Shoshone soon after the Comanche had acquired horses around 1705. The Comanche language and the Shoshoni language are quite similar, but certain consonant changes in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility.

The name Comanche comes from the Ute word kɨmantsi "enemy, stranger". Their own name for the language is nʉmʉ tekwapʉ, which means "language of the people".
2014 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the 13 U.S. representatives from the state of North Carolina, one from each of the state's 13 congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections, including an election to the U.S. Senate.

Primary elections were held on Tuesday, May 6, 2014. In primaries in which no candidate won more than 40% of the vote (the Democratic primary in the 5th district and the Republican primary in the 6th district), second primary elections (runoffs) were held between the top two candidates on July 15, 2014.

North Carolina's congressional districts
North Carolina is currently divided into 14 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2000 census, the number of North Carolina's seats was increased from 12 to 13 due to the state's increase in population. In the 2022 elections, per the 2020 United States census, North Carolina gained one new congressional seat for a total of 14.
Metalogy
Metalogy is a four CD + single DVD boxed set released by heavy metal band Judas Priest in 2004. The CDs come in card sleeves and are housed in a faux-leather box, which has studs around the center. The box was re-released in 2008 in a cardboard long-box containing the same 4 CDs as the original release, but not the DVD, which is sold separately. It was re-released for a second time in September 2013 as a hardback mediabook, again without the DVD.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Robert Witt (academic administrator)
Robert E. Witt (born September 16, 1940) is an American businessman, and academic administrator. He is the former Chancellor of the University of Alabama System, concurrently serving as the Chairman of the Council of Presidents of Alabama’s public colleges and universities.

Academic administration
Academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. Some type of separate administrative structure exists at almost all academic institutions. Fewer institutions are governed by employees who are also involved in academic or scholarly work. Many senior administrators are academics who have advanced degrees and no longer teach or conduct research.
European Union submarine internet cables
Submarine internet cables, also referred to as submarine communications cables or submarine fiber optic cables, are essential infrastructure that connect different locations and data centers to reliably exchange digital information at a high speeds.

They are significant providers of global internet connectivity: approximately 99% of international communications pass through submarine fiber optic cables, along with US$10 trillion in daily financial transactions. The European Union (EU), in particular, has a strong demand for connectivity, with 87% of EU citizens using the internet in 2021.

PEACE Cable
PEACE Cable, which stands for Pakistan and East Africa Connecting Europe, is a submarine cable project designed to facilitate data transmission between Asia, Europe, and Africa. It is owned by Peace Cable International, a subsidiary of Hengtong Group. The 15,000 km cable system is deployed along the seafloor of the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, with plans to extend the cable length to 25,000 km. It is based on WSS ROADM technology with a design capacity of 24 Tbit/s per fiber pair. The cable entered service and became fully operational in December 2022.

The main trunk connects Pakistan, Kenya, Egypt, Singapore and France but there are also branches to the Maldives, Malta, Cyprus, the Seychelles, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia and Somalia.
Samuel Chapman (British politician)
Sir Samuel Chapman JP (27 August 1859 – 29 April 1947) was a Scottish businessman and Scottish Unionist Party politician from Perthshire.

Born in Glasgow, he unsuccessfully contested the Perth constituency in 1906 and January 1910, and the Greenock constituency in December 1910 and in 1918, but was elected as member of parliament (MP) for Edinburgh South at the 1922 general election (he was chosen as Unionist candidate for that seat over Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl) and held the seat until he stepped down at the 1945 general election.

He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours, for "Valuable War work, especially in connection with the Perth and Perthshire Prisoners of War Fund; Public and Local services".

He died in Hove, aged 88.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Brabants Dagblad
Brabants Dagblad is a daily Dutch newspaper. It is distributed in the center and northeast of North Brabant, in 's-Hertogenbosch and Tilburg and their surrounding regions. The paper's office is in 's-Hertogenbosch.

Tilburg
Tilburg (Dutch: [ˈtɪlbʏr(ə)x] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the southern province of North Brabant. With a population of 229,833 (January 2, 2024), it is the second-largest city or municipality in North Brabant after Eindhoven and the seventh-largest in the Netherlands.

Tilburg University is located in Tilburg, as are Avans University of Applied Sciences and Fontys University of Applied Sciences.

There are three railway stations within the municipality: Tilburg, Tilburg Universiteit and Tilburg Reeshof. The 75-hectare (185-acre) "Spoorzone" area around Tilburg Central station, once a Dutch Railways train maintenance yard, has been purchased by the city and is being transformed into an urban zone.
17th Test and Evaluation Squadron
The 17th Test and Evaluation Squadron is a United States Space Force test and evaluation unit, located at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. The squadron is tasked with testing and evaluating space systems and associated support equipment.

Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional)
The Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional) (STAR Delta (P)) was a United States Space Force unit responsible for the training and education of space professionals, as well as the development of space warfighting doctrine. It was a component of Space Operations Command and was headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base, Colorado.

STAR Delta (P) was activated on 24 July 2020 to serve as the precursor organization to the planned Space Training and Readiness Command (STARCOM). Announced on 30 June 2020 as one of three field commands of the U.S. Space Force, STARCOM was set to be activated in 2021. In the interim, the delta was activated to provide oversight of Space Force education, training, and operational test and evaluation units. It was then inactivated on 23 August 2021 prior to the activation of STARCOM.