hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frequency standard
A frequency standard is a stable oscillator used for frequency calibration or reference. A frequency standard generates a fundamental frequency with a high degree of accuracy and precision. Harmonics of this fundamental frequency are used to provide reference points.

Since time is the reciprocal of frequency, it is relatively easy to derive a time standard from a frequency standard. A standard clock comprises a frequency standard, a device to count off the cycles of the oscillation emitted by the frequency standard, and a means of displaying or outputting the result.

Frequency standards in a network or facility are sometimes administratively designated as primary or secondary. The terms primary and secondary, as used in this context, should not be confused with the respective technical meanings of these words in the discipline of precise time and frequency.

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
HMS Bideford
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Bideford, or the archaic variant HMS Biddeford, after the port town of Bideford, Devon. A sixth was planned but never built:

HMS Biddeford (1695) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1695 and wrecked in 1699.

HMS Biddeford (1711) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1711. She was rebuilt in 1727, and foundered in 1736.

HMS Bideford (1740) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1740 and broken up by 1754.

HMS Bideford (1756) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1756 and wrecked in 1761.

HMS Bideford was to have been a Hunt-class minesweeper, but was cancelled in 1918.

HMS Bideford (L43) was a Shoreham-class sloop launched in 1931 and sold for scrapping in 1949.

Shoreham-class sloop
The Shoreham-class sloops were a class of eight sloops of the Royal Navy built in the early 1930s. Developed from the Bridgewater class, with a longer hull, the Shoreham class were laid down between 1929 and 1931 at Chatham and Devonport Naval Dockyards.
Purekkari Cape
Cape Purekkari (Estonian: Purekkari neem) is a cape in the village of Pärispea, Harju County, Estonia. It is the northernmost part of the Pärispea Peninsula, and it is also the northernmost land point of Estonia.

There are erratic boulders, such as Purekkari Maasäärekivi (:et).

The toponym Purekkari was first mentioned in 1798 in Atlas von Liefland.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
Fred Farrar
Fred Farrar (born 11 November 1882 – death unknown), also known by the nickname of "The Farsley Flyer", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played at representative level for Great Britain (non-Test matches), and Yorkshire, and at club level for Bramley, Hunslet (two spells, including the second as a World War I guest) and Keighley, as a wing.

Test match (rugby league)
A test match is a historical term used in rugby league football which has no official use with the sports global governing body – the International Rugby League (IRL).

The term predates the creation of the IRL, thus every national governing body has slightly varying definitions which has changed throughout history. As such, it is possible for a game to have test status in one nation but not the other. The Rugby Football League (RFL), the governing body in England and first governing body of the sport, currently defines a "Test Match" as "a game of Rugby League Football played between teams representing members of the IRL".

The first official test match took place on 1 January 1908 when Wales defeated New Zealand 9–8 at the Aberdare Athletic Ground in Aberdare, Wales in front of approximately 15,000 fans. The match was the 29th game of the 1907–08 All Golds tour.
Homona blaiki
Homona blaiki is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Józef Razowski in 2013. It is found on Seram and in New Caledonia. The habitat consists of alluvial forests, Eucalyptus forests, bamboo and secondary forests.

The wingspan is about 21 mm for males and 30 mm for females.

Seram Island
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands.
2007 Six Nations Championship
The 2007 Six Nations Championship was the eighth series of the rugby union Six Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the 113th series of the international championship. Fifteen matches were played over five weekends from 3 February to 17 March.

In this year, France again won on points difference above Ireland, after four teams had at least a mathematical chance of topping the table going into the final week. Italy had their first away win of the tournament, beating Scotland in Edinburgh. It was also the first time that they won two of their matches, as they went on to beat Wales in Rome, finishing in 4th place, their best result so far. Scotland won the wooden spoon on points difference below Wales, and Ireland won the Triple Crown for the second straight year and third time in four years.

Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.  This has been achieved 42 times in total, for the first time by Wales in 1908, and most recently by the Irish team in 2023. The team with the most Grand Slams is England with 13.
It can also apply to the U20 and Women's Six Nations Championships.

In another context, a Grand Slam tour refers to a touring side – South Africa, Australia or New Zealand – which plays fixtures against all four home nations (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) during their tour. If the tourists win all of those matches, they are said to have achieved a Grand Slam. This has been done nine times, first by South Africa in 1912–13, and most recently by New Zealand in 2010.
Juan Perry
Juan David Perry Cruz (born 29 December 1957) is a Peruvian politician and a former Congressman, elected in the 2006 general elections, representing the Madre de Dios region for the 2006–2011 term. Perry belongs to the National Restoration party but later switched to the National Solidarity. He lost his seat in the 2011 general election when he ran for re-election under the National Solidarity Alliance of former Lima Mayor Luis Castañeda, but he attained a low number of votes.

National Solidarity Alliance
The National Solidarity Alliance (Spanish: Alianza Solidaridad Nacional, ASN) was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election, dominated by the eponymous National Solidarity Party and led by presidential candidate Luis Castañeda.
Meemure
Meemure is a village with a population of about 420 people living in it It is located near the border between Kandy District and Matale District in the Knuckles Mountain Range.  Meemure is one of the least populated villages in Sri Lanka with the only access via a 14 km (8.7 mi) trail from the town of Loolwatte.  There is no cellular service available in the village, but a CDMA telephone service is available. There is no direct mail delivery to the village; a villager journeys each day to Thapal Junction  to exchange incoming and outgoing postal mail with a postman.

Lakegala mountain is in Meemure village. Residents of the village depend on several staple crops including pepper, cardamom, paddy and ginger. The distance from Colombo capital to Meemure is about 175 km.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Catherine Martin (journalist)
Catherine Ellen Martin MBE (1918 – 17 April 2009) was a journalist for The West Australian newspaper from 1957, specialising in medical reporting. The winner of the inaugural Gold Walkley, Martin is known for her reporting the impact of asbestos–related diseases on the mining community in Wittenoom Gorge that led to the company James Hardie being found in the Supreme Court of New South Wales guilty of misleading conduct and failing to meet its obligations over its handling of asbestos compensation.

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.
Centurion (film)
Centurion is a 2010 British historical action film written and directed by Neil Marshall, loosely based on the disappearance of the Roman Empire's Ninth Legion in Caledonia in the early second century AD. The film stars Michael Fassbender, Dominic West and Olga Kurylenko. It received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box office, earning $7.9 million against a $12–15 million budget.

Centurion
A centurion (/sɛnˈtjʊəriən/; Latin: centurio [kɛn̪ˈt̪ʊrioː], pl. centuriones; Ancient Greek: κεντυρίων, romanized: kentyríōn, or Ancient Greek: ἑκατόνταρχος, romanized: hekatóntarkhos) was a professional non-commissioned officer in the Roman army who commanded a group of soldiers called a centuria or "century".

The term centurion is derived from the Latin word centurio, which itself originates from centum, meaning "hundred." Initially, centurions were commanders of a unit of roughly 100 soldiers, although the exact number varied over time and by period. The concept of the centurion emerged during the early Roman Republic (509–27 BCE), when Rome's military was based on citizen-soldiers organized into centuries (centuriae), units of 100 men within the Roman legion (legio).
Vienna Ball of Sciences
The Vienna Ball of Sciences is a ball held annually in January in Vienna, Austria. It combines classic traditions with contemporary impulses from the field of science communication. Since its establishment in 2015, the Science Ball has quickly gained a reputation as one of the most successful and largest events in the Viennese ball season

Eric Jarosinski
Eric Jarosinski (born 1971) is an American Germanist, author, humorist, and public speaker. Jarosinski writes under the nom de plume NeinQuarterly on the social networking site Twitter, where he writes linguistic, political, and philosophical aphorisms, keeping to the 140-character limit. Jarosinski writes in German, Dutch and English. He began tweeting in 2012 and soon had a significant following (with 150,000 followers as of 2017). He then made the jump to print with a weekly column in the leading German weekly Die Zeit (2014–present) and the Dutch daily NRC Handelsblad (2015-2016) Jarosinski's first book Nein. A Manifesto was released in 2015 and has been published in English, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and Danish.
Star Comics IBH
Star Comics was an Indian comic line published by IBH (India Book House) popular during the 1970s and 1980s. Because the publication had few original characters, it relied heavily upon the license to print comics of popular international characters like Superman, Batman, and James Bond. They also distributed Tarzan and Korak (Tarzan's son) comics published by Kiran Comics under license from Edgar Rice Burroughs Inc. Star Comics was published twice a month for a total of 24 issues every year.

James Bond (comics)
James Bond's success after the start of the film franchise in 1962 spawned a number of comic books around the world. Initially, these were adaptations of various movies. In the late 1980s and continuing through to the mid-1990s, however, a series of original stories were also published. After a hiatus in 1996, the Bond comic book publishing license was picked up again and made a revival debut in 2015. The comics were published by various past and present companies, including DC Comics, Marvel, Eclipse Comics, Dark Horse and Dynamite Entertainment.
Chief of the Naval Staff (Sweden)
The Chief of the Naval Staff (Swedish: Chefen för marinstaben, CMS, or Marinstabschef) is the professional head of the Swedish Naval Staff. The post was created in 1907 with rear admiral Theodor Sandström as the first incumbent. The post disappeared in 1994 and was reintroduced in 2019 when the new Naval Staff was established.

Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsvɛnːskt bɪʊˈɡrɑ̌ːfɪskt ˈlɛ̌ksɪkɔn], abbreviated SBL), in English Dictionary of Swedish National Biography, is a Swedish biographical dictionary, started in 1917. The first volume, covering names Abelin to Anjou, was published in 1918. As of 2017, names from A to S are covered.
Filip Grgić
Filip Grgić (born 25 October 1989) is a taekwondo practitioner from Croatia.

Grgić won the gold medal in the men's bantamweight (under 62  kg) class at the 2007 World Taekwondo Championships. He was named the best Croatian sportsmen for 2007 handed out by the Croatian Olympic Committee, along with handballer Ivano Balić.

He won silver at the 2012 European championships in Manchester, United Kingdom, in the Male, Senior, -68  kg category.

Croatian Olympic Committee
The Croatian Olympic Committee (Croatian: Hrvatski olimpijski odbor, HOO; IOC Code: CRO) is the non-profit organization representing Croatian athletes in the International Olympic Committee. The COC organizes Croatia's representatives at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. It also organizes the Croatian contingent at smaller events such as the Mediterranean Games.

44 sports federations are members of the committee which elect the Executive Council composed of the president and 15 members.

In 2006, the COC organized the first Croatian World Games in Zadar. These games gather various groups of diaspora Croats against contingents from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Meisam Dalkhani
Meisam Dalkhani (Persian: میثم دلخانی, born 5 January 1997 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler. He won gold medal in the 63 kg event at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships held in Oslo, Norway. In 2019, he won gold medal in the same event at the U23 World Wrestling Championships held in Budapest, Hungary.

2021 World Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 63 kg
The men's Greco-Roman 63 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2021 World Wrestling Championships, and was held in Oslo, Norway on 9 and 10 October.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.
Truncated order-7 triangular tiling
In geometry, the order-7 truncated triangular tiling, sometimes called the hyperbolic soccerball, is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are two hexagons and one heptagon on each vertex, forming a pattern similar to a conventional soccer ball (truncated icosahedron) with heptagons in place of pentagons. It has Schläfli symbol of t{3,7}.

Heptagon
In geometry, a heptagon is a seven-sided polygon or 7-gon.

The heptagon is sometimes referred to as the septagon, using septa- (an elision of septua-), a Latin-derived numerical prefix, rather than hepta-, a Greek-derived numerical prefix (both are cognate), together with the suffix -gon for Greek: γωνἰα, romanized: gonía, meaning angle.
Tobias Kracker
Tobias Kracker (21 April 1655 - 5 February 1736) was a sculptor and painter from a family of artists who worked in Vienna during the 17th century and later throughout the Habsburg monarchy.

He was trained in the school of his eponymous father (Tobias Kracker the Elder, who died after 1691.) Their work included portal figures and altars for the Vienna Schottenstift. Other students of the school include Balthasar Permoser, who lived in Vienna, between 1670 and 1675.

Tobias Kracker the Younger collaborated with Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Paul Strudel on the work on the Vienna Plague Column.

He also created designs (based on models by Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt) for the Imperial Coffins of Emperor Leopold I (died 1705) and his oldest son Joseph I (died 1711) for the Vienna Imperial Crypt, also sometimes called the "Capuchin Crypt."

Schottenstift
The Schottenstift (English: Scottish Abbey), formally called Benediktinerabtei unserer Lieben Frau zu den Schotten (English: Benedictine Abbey of Our Dear Lady of the Scots), is a Catholic monastery founded in Vienna in 1155 when Henry II of Austria brought Irish monks to Vienna. The monks did not come directly from Ireland, but came instead from Scots Monastery in Regensburg, Germany. Since 1625, the abbey has been a member of the Austrian Congregation, now within the Benedictine Confederation.
Nhora Mondragón
Nhora Yanet Mondragón Ortíz (born c. 1988) is a Colombian business administrator and politician who has served as the general secretary to the president since January 2026.

Mondragón graduated with a specialization in health administration and another in public management from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. She worked for the mayor of Cali, Jorge Iván Ospina, as secretary of government. Later, she served as Director of security and coexistence at the ministry of the Interior under Minister Armando Benedetti.

In January 2026, following the resignation of Angie Rodríguez, Mondragón was appointed as general secretary to the president by President Gustavo Petro.

Health administration
Health administration, healthcare administration, healthcare management, health services management or hospital management is the field relating to leadership, management, and administration of public health systems, health care systems, hospitals, and hospital networks in all the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
Fardhem Church
Fardhem Church (Swedish: Fardhems kyrka) is a medieval church in Fardhem on the Swedish island of Gotland. The present-day church may have been preceded by a stave church; the current church is one of the most well-preserved Romanesque churches on Gotland, built in stages from the 12th to 13th century. It belongs to the Church of Sweden and lies in the Diocese of Visby.

Diocese of Visby
The Diocese of Visby (Swedish: Visby stift) is a division of the Church of Sweden consisting of the island of Gotland. Its seat is Visby Cathedral located in the largest town on Gotland, Visby.

The Bishop of Visby is also responsible for the episcopal oversight of the Church of Sweden Abroad (SKUT).
Matilda Browne
Matilda Browne  (May 8, 1869 – November 3, 1947) was an American Impressionist artist noted for her flower paintings and her farm and cattle scenes. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she was a child prodigy who received early art training from her artist-neighbor, Thomas Moran.

Matilda Browne was active in Greenwich, Connecticut, New York City,
and Old Lyme, Connecticut, where she was affiliated with the art colony centered at the Florence Griswold home. She was the only woman at the Old Lyme Colony who was taken seriously as a painter by her male colleagues, and she was considered an important member of the Old Lyme group.

Old Lyme art colony
The Old Lyme art colony of Old Lyme, Connecticut was established in 1899 by American painter Henry Ward Ranger, and was in its time the most famous art colony in the United States, and the first to adopt Impressionism.
Tiberiopolis
Tiberiopolis (Ancient Greek: Τιβεριούπολις; sometimes in sources, Tiberiapolis, and Pappa-Tiberiopolis; formerly Pappa) was a town in the Roman province of Phrygia Pacatiana, mentioned by Ptolemy, Socrates of Constantinople and Hierocles. At various times, it was considered as part of Phrygia, Isauria, and the late Roman province of Pisidia.

It struck its own coins at least from the time of Trajan.

It was situated at the modern village of Yunuslar, Beyşehir district, in Konya Province, Turkey. At Tiberiopolis the famous Roman sarcophagus showing the Twelve Labours of Hercules now displayed at the Konya Archaeological Museum was recovered.

It must have been Christianised at an early date. Nicephorus, a presbyter at Tiberiopolis was martyred in 361 or 362, and later canonized. His feast is celebrated on 28 November.

Socrates of Constantinople
Socrates of Constantinople (c. 380 – after 439), also known as Socrates Scholasticus (Ancient Greek: Σωκράτης ὁ Σχολαστικός), was a 5th-century Greek Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret.

He is the author of a Historia Ecclesiastica ("Church History", Ἐκκλησιαστική Ἱστορία) which covers the history of late ancient Christianity during the years 305 to 439.