hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mongol invasions of India
The Mongol invasions of India were numerous invasions that the Mongol Empire launched into the Indian subcontinent from 1221 to 1327, with many of the later raids made by the Qara'unas of Mongol origin. The Mongols occupied parts of the subcontinent for decades. As the Mongols progressed into the Indian hinterland and reached the outskirts of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate of India led a campaign against them in which the Mongol army suffered serious defeats.

Delhi Sultanate officials viewed war with the Mongols as one of the sultan's primary duties. While the sultanate's chroniclers described the conflicts between the Tengrist Mongols and Muslim community in binary terms, with the Delhi Sultanate being an island of Islamic civilization surrounded by Hindus and Buddhist to its north and south, it ignored the fact that a large number of the sultanate's elites and monarchs were of Turkic/Mongol ethnicity or had previously served in their armed contingents.

Ziauddin Barani
Ziauddin Barani (Urdu: ضیاء الدین برنی‎; 1285–1357) was an Indian political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day Northern India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign. He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi (also called Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi), a work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq to the first six years of the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq; and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari which promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent, although according to M. Athar Ali it was not based on race or even like the caste system, but taking as a model of Sassanid Iran, which promoted an idea of aristocracy through birth and which was claimed by Persians to be "fully in accordance with the main thrust of Islamic thought as it had developed by that time", including in the works of his near-contemporary Ibn Khaldun.
Jurkowice, Staszów County
Jurkowice [jurkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bogoria, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Bogoria, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Staszów, and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Staszów County
Staszów County (Polish: powiat staszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Staszów, which lies 53 kilometres (33 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Połaniec, lying 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Staszów, and Osiek, 21 km (13 mi) east of Staszów.

The county covers an area of 924.80 square kilometres (357.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is  67,331, out of which the population of Staszów is  14,762, that of Połaniec is  8,098, that of Osiek is  2,007, and the rural population is  42,464.
1994 Japan Open Tennis Championships – Women's doubles
Ei Iida and Maya Kidowaki were the defending champions but only Iida competed that year with Kyoko Nagatsuka.

Iida and Nagatsuka lost in the quarterfinals to Yayuk Basuki and Nana Miyagi.

Mami Donoshiro and Ai Sugiyama won in the final 6–4, 6–1 against Basuki and Miyagi.

Ai Sugiyama
Ai Sugiyama (杉山愛, Sugiyama Ai; born July 5, 1975) is a Japanese former tennis player. She reached the world No. 1 ranking in women's doubles on the WTA Tour and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8, achieved on February 9, 2004. In her career, she won six singles and 38 doubles titles, including three Grand Slam titles (one with Julie Halard-Decugis and two partnering Kim Clijsters), and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title (partnering Mahesh Bhupathi). Sugiyama held the all-time record, for both male and female players, for her 62 consecutive Grand Slam main-draw appearances, until she was surpassed by Roger Federer at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships.
Jeff Baker
Jeffrey Glen Baker (born June 21, 1981) is an American former professional baseball player. He bats and throws right-handed. He played in Major League Baseball for the Colorado Rockies, Chicago Cubs, Detroit Tigers, Atlanta Braves, Texas Rangers and Miami Marlins. Primarily a second baseman and first baseman, Baker also has experience in the outfield and at third base.

Outfield
The outfield, in cricket, baseball and softball is the area of the field of play further from the batsman or batter than the infield. In association football (sin. soccer), the outfield players are positioned outside the goal area.
Small nucleolar RNA U2-19
In molecular biology, the Small nucleolar RNA U2-19 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and is also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U2-19 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. snoRNA U2-19 directs 2'-O-methylation of U2 spliceosomal RNA G-19.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Stanhoe
Stanhoe is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, 6.4 miles (10.2 km) from the North Sea. It covers an area of 6.06 km2 (2.34 sq mi) and had a population of 196 in 97 households at the 2001 census. The population including Bagthorpe with Barmer at the 2011 Census had increased to 289. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.

The village's name is perhaps from the Old English for "stony hill-spur".

For a period during the 19th century, its parish priest was Philip Ward, husband of Lord Nelson's daughter Horatia.

The nearest large village is Docking. Also near Stanhoe are to be found remains of Creake Abbey, near the village of North Creake.

Stanhoe was once served by Stanhoe railway station.

Creake Abbey
Creake Abbey is a ruined abbey in Norfolk, England, situated alongside the River Burn and a mile to the north of the village of North Creake. The abbey church was dedicated to Saint Mary. The ruins are Grade I listed, and form part of a Scheduled Monument site.
Raambo 2
Raambo 2 is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language action comedy drama film written and directed by Anil Kumar and produced by Atlanta Nagendra and Sharan. A sequel of Rambo (2012), the film features Sharan in the lead role, with Ashika Ranganath, Chikkanna, P. Ravishankar and Tabla Nani in the principal roles. A song sequence in the film has five of the leading ladies whom Sharan had paired with in his previous films. The film is co-funded by its technicians such as music director Arjun Janya, cinematographer Sudhakar S Raj, associate director Tharun Sudhir and editor K. M. Prakash. The film released across Karnataka on 18 May 2018.

Upon release, the film received positive reviews from critics. The movie was declared a blockbuster at box-office. The second half of the movie was reported to have been inspired by the 2015 Canadian movie Wrecker. This film was shot in various parts of North Karnataka region such as Gajendragad of Gadag district.

Tharun Sudhir
Tharun Kishore Sudhir  is an Indian actor, screenwriter and filmmaker who predominantly works in the Kannada Cinema.
He made his directorial debut with the multistarer Chowka which was a commercially successful movie. He is a recipient of one Filmfare and two SIIMA Awards for best director.
Shaolin Temple UK
Shaolin Temple UK is a martial arts school and centre for study of Shaolin culture, in particular Gong Fu-Ch'an, Qigong and Chan Buddhist Meditation. It was founded in 2000 by Shaolin monk Shi Yanzi, and is located in North London, England, between the Tufnell Park and Archway Northern Line tube stations.

Shaolin Temple UK is an official emissary of the 1,500-year-old Shaolin Temple in Henan Province in China, by direct mandate from the Abbot Venerable Shi Yong Xin.

Classes are taught by Shi Yanlei and 35th generation disciples: Shi Hengdao, Hengjiu, Hengshang and Hengdi.

The school emphasises balanced training both in the external and internal martial arts. Students typically train both in Gong Fu and Qigong. Notable figures to have trained at the school include actor Andrew Koji.

Tufnell Park tube station
Tufnell Park is a London Underground station in Islington, close to its boundary with Camden. It is located in the Tufnell Park neighbourhood. The station is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Archway and Kentish Town stations. It is in London fare zone 2.
John Douglas Sr.
John Douglas, or Douglass (ca. 1636-ca. 1678/79) was born in Great Britain. He immigrated to Maryland as an adult in the 1650s. In Maryland he became a planter and a politician in Charles County. He married Sarah Bouls (alternatively Bowles) and they had seven children.

Douglas served as a justice of Charles County from 1672 to 1678. At the time of his election to public office, he held over 450 acres (180 ha) of land. Douglas became a captain in the Maryland militia in 1675.

In 1676, Douglas became a major and colonel. In 1677, Douglas acquired Cold Spring Manor, a 1,050-acre (420 ha) plantation, from Josias Fendall. Later, the property would become known for its association with subsequent owner, William Digges Clagett who built the Clagett House at the site.

Douglas died in the period between late December 1678 and the end of January 1679. At his death, he owned 1,600 acres (650 ha) of land.

Charles County, Maryland
Charles County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 166,617. The county seat is La Plata. The county was named for Charles Calvert (1637–1715), third Baron Baltimore. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state. With a median household income of $103,678, Charles County is the 39th-wealthiest county in the United States as of 2020, and the highest-income county in the United States with a Black-majority population.
Lebowski Fest
Lebowski Fest was an annual festival that began in 2002 in Louisville, Kentucky, celebrating the 1998 cult film The Big Lebowski by Joel Coen and Ethan Coen and was last celebrated in 2018. In addition to its home city of Louisville, Lebowski Fest has been held in Milwaukee, New York, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Austin, Seattle, Chicago, San Francisco, Portland, London, Boston, New Orleans, Atlanta, Asbury Park, NJ and Pittsburgh.

Asbury Park, New Jersey
Asbury Park (/æzbɛri/) is a beachfront city located on the Jersey Shore in Monmouth County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 15,188, a decrease of 928 (−5.8%) from the 2010 census count of 16,116, which in turn reflected a decline of 814 (−4.8%) from the 16,930 counted in the 2000 census.

In 2022, Asbury Park's beach was named one of the best in the world by Money and one of the best in the country by Travel + Leisure.

Asbury Park was originally incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 26, 1874, from portions of Ocean Township. The borough was reincorporated on February 28, 1893. Asbury Park was incorporated as a city, its current type of government, as of March 25, 1897.
Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive
The Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive (Russian: Острогожско-Россошанская операция) was an offensive of the Voronezh Front on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Hungarian 2nd Army and parts of the Italian 8th Army as part of the Voronezh–Kharkov offensive.

The offensive came after Operation Little Saturn, made in support of the Stalingrad encirclement. The offensive was supported from the south by the right flank of the Soviet 6th Army and the 3rd Tank Army of Pavel Rybalko.

1st Ukrainian Front
The 1st Ukrainian Front (Russian: Пéрвый Украи́нский фронт), previously the Voronezh Front (Воронежский Фронт), was a major formation of the Red Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group. They took part in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany.
2018 Konduga bombings
On Friday 16 February 2018, a triple suicide bombing occurred in Konduga, Borno State, northeastern Nigeria. Two suicide bombers detonated their explosives at a busy fish market at about 8:30pm. Four minutes later, a third bomber exploded nearby.

The attacks killed between 17 and 22 people and injured between 22 and 70. One of the bombers was female, while the other two were male. Those injured in the attack were taken to a hospital in Maiduguri.

The incident was not reported until the next day. No-one claimed responsibility for the attack, but jihadists Boko Haram have carried out major attacks in Konduga before (including massacres in January and February 2014) and since (including a triple suicide bombing in June 2019).

Fish market
A fish market is a marketplace for selling fish and fish products. It can be dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of wet market, often sell street food as well.

Fish markets range in size from small fish stalls to large ones such as the great Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, which turns over about 660,000 tonnes a year.

The term fish market can also refer to the process of fish marketing in general, but this article is concerned with physical marketplaces.
Odonatoptera
The Odonatoptera are a superorder (sometimes treated as an order) of ancient winged insects, placed in the probably paraphyletic group Palaeoptera. The dragonflies and damselflies (which are placed in the subgroup Odonata) are the only living members of this group, which was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (colloquially called "giant dragonflies", although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense) of the order Meganisoptera (formerly Protodonata). The oldest members of Odonatoptera are known from the latest part of the Serpukhovian age of the Early Carboniferous, about 325–324 million years ago, making them among the oldest known winged insects.

Serpukhovian
The Serpukhovian is in the ICS geologic timescale the uppermost stage or youngest age of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Serpukhovian age lasted from 330.3 Ma to 323.4 Ma. It is preceded by the Visean and is followed by the Bashkirian. The Serpukhovian correlates with the lower part of the Namurian Stage of European stratigraphy and the middle and upper parts of the Chesterian Stage of North American stratigraphy.
Baron Wynford
Baron Wynford, of Wynford Eagle in the County of Dorset, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1829 for the politician and lawyer Sir William Best. He served as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1824 to 1829. His eldest son, the second Baron, represented Mitchell (also known as St Michael's) in the House of Commons from 1831 to 1832, when the constituency was abolished. On the death of his younger son, the fourth Baron, this line of the family failed. The late Baron was succeeded by his first cousin, the fifth Baron. He was the son of Reverend the Hon. Samuel Best, third son of the first Baron. As of 2023 the title is held by his great-grandson, the ninth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2002. Two of the 6th baron's grandsons through his daughter Hon. Jemima Best, are Labour life peers, John Hendy, Baron Hendy and Peter Hendy, Baron Hendy of Richmond Hill.

Mitchell (UK Parliament constituency)
Mitchell, or St Michael (sometimes also called St Michael's Borough or Michaelborough), was a rotten borough consisting of the town (or village) of Mitchell, Cornwall. From the first Parliament of Edward VI, in 1547, it elected two members to the unreformed House of Commons.
Outline of the Middle Ages
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Middle Ages:

Middle Ages – periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the early modern era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: classic, medieval and modern.

Medieval parish churches of York
53°57′29″N 1°04′55″W﻿ / ﻿53.958°N 1.082°W﻿ / 53.958; -1.082
York had around 45 parish churches in 1300. Twenty survive, in whole or in part, a number surpassed in England only by Norwich, and 12 are used for worship. This article consists of a list of medieval churches which still exist in whole or in part, and a list of medieval churches which are known to have existed in the past but have been completely demolished.

In 1086, the Domesday Book listed eight churches and a minster (not the current building). The number had declined to thirty-nine by 1428 due to taxation; nineteen medieval churches are in use today.
MCskill ThaPreacha
Olawale Aremo (born 4 April 1989), known professionally as MCskill ThaPreacha, is a Nigerian rapper and songwriter. Active since the early 2010s, he is known for his socially conscious lyrical style, often categorized as "boom bap" hip hop. His contributions to the genre are analyzed in an Oxford University Press study of Nigerian hip hop.

Boom bap
Boom bap is a subgenre of hip-hop and music production style that was prominent in East Coast hip-hop  during the golden age of hip-hop from the late 1980s to the early 1990s.

The term "boom bap" is an onomatopoeia that represents the sounds used for the bass (kick) drum and snare drum, respectively. The style is usually recognized by a main drum loop that uses a hard-hitting, acoustic bass drum sample on the downbeats, a snappy acoustic snare drum sample on the upbeats, and an "in your face" audio mix emphasizing the drum loop, and the kick-snare combination in particular.

Key producers include DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Buckwild and Diamond D. Prominent hip hop artists who incorporated "boom bap" in their music include Gang Starr, KRS-One, A Tribe Called Quest, Wu-Tang Clan, MF DOOM, Mobb Deep, Craig Mack, R.A. the Rugged Man, Big L, Boot Camp Clik, Griselda, Jay-Z, Common, Yasiin Bey, Nas, and The Notorious B.I.G.
Janq'u Pukara
Janq'u Pukara (Aymara janq'u white, pukara fortress, "white fortress", also spelled Janko Pukara) is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 m (15,100 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Tapacari Province. Janq'u Pukara lies northwest of Ñuñu Qullu.

Cochabamba Department
Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa Jach'a Suyu, Spanish: Departamento de Cochabamba pronounced [kotʃaˈβamba] ⓘ, Quechua: Quchapampa Suyu), from Quechua qucha or qhucha, meaning "lake", pampa meaning "plain", is one of the nine departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the breadbasket of the country because of its variety of agricultural products from its geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km2. Its population in the 2024 census was 2,005,373. Its capital is the city of Cochabamba, known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" because of its spring-like temperatures all year.
Stéphanie Weydert
Stéphanie Weydert (born 30 April 1984) is a Luxembourgish politician. She has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from East since 2023. A member of the Christian Social People's Party, she has also served as mayor of Rosport-Mompach since September 2022.

East (Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg constituency)
East (Luxembourgish: Osten; French: Est; German: Osten) is one of the four multi-member constituencies of the Chamber of Deputies, the national legislature of Luxembourg. The constituency was established in 1919 following the introduction of proportional representation for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. It consists of the cantons of Echternach, Grevenmacher and Remich. The constituency currently elects seven of the 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 general election it had 40,246 registered electors.
Bruno Grougi
Bruno Grougi (born 26 April 1983) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. After playing for France youth teams, he made three appearances for the Martinique national team.

Martinique national football team
The Martinique national football team (French: Équipe de Martinique de football) represents Martinique (French overseas department) in men's international football and is controlled by the Ligue de Football de la Martinique (English: Martinique Football League), the local branch of the FFF. It has been a member of CONCACAF since 1964 (as an associate member) and obtained full membership in 2013. Regionally, it is also a member of CFU.

The association is not a member of FIFA. On 7 August 2010, the team adopted the nickname Les Matinino, which pays tribute to the history of the island.
Skorenovac
Skorenovac (Serbian: Скореновац; Hungarian: Székelykeve; German: Skorenowatz; Banat Bulgarian: Gjurgevo) is a village located in the Kovin municipality, in the South Banat District of Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority (86.71%) and a population of 2,574 (2002 census).

Csíkszék
Csíkszék (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃiːkseːk]) was one of the Székely seats in the historical Székely Land.

It administered two sub-seats (Hungarian: fiúszék, Latin: sedes filialis), namely Gyergyószék and Kászonszék. It was divided on the natural borders of the region, as the main territory of Csíkszék lay in the valley of the Olt River, Gyergyószék lay in the valley of the river Maros (Mureș), while Kászonszék lay in the valley of the river Kászon (Cașin).
Bascom H. Palmer
Bascom Headon Palmer Sr. (? - April 2, 1916) was a state legislator and judge in Florida. He was a Democrat and represented Columbia County, Florida in the Florida House of Representatives He then represented the 14th District in the Florida Senate from 1895 to 1901. In 1901 he was appointed a judge.

He had two sons.

His namesake was a doctor in the military. He became a prominent ophthalmologist. The Bascom Palmer Eye Institute is named for him.

Columbia County, Florida
Columbia County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 69,698, up from 67,531 at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Lake City. Columbia County comprises the Lake City, FL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gainesville-Lake City, FL Combined Statistical Area. Osceola National Forest is partially in Columbia County.