hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fritz Dennerlein
Federico "Fritz" Dennerlein (14 March 1936 – 3 October 1992) was an Italian freestyle and butterfly swimmer and water polo player who competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He finished fourth in the water polo tournaments in 1956 and 1964, and in the 200 m butterfly event in 1960. He also reached the finals of the 4 × 200 m freestyle (1956) and 4 × 100 m medley (1960) relays.

Dennerlein was born to a German father and Romanian mother; he had an elder brother Costantino, also a competitive swimmer. Between 1959 and 1962 he set five European records in the 100 and 200 m butterfly events. He aimed for a butterfly medal at the 1960 Olympics, and therefore gave up his place in the Olympic water polo team. After retiring from competitions he worked as a coach in his native Naples. Since 1984 he trained the national water polo team, bringing it to a silver medal at the 1986 World Championships. He died in a traffic accident, and was buried in the English Cemetery, Naples.

Water polo at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Water polo at the 1964 Summer Olympics was held at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Shibuya, Tokyo. The gymnasium was built in 1961-1964 as the first indoor pool for Olympic water polo; it also hosted all swimming and diving events and could accommodate over 13,000 people.

In the water polo tournament, two teams from each of the four preliminary groups advanced to two semifinals, and their four winners competed for the medals. The scores from the preliminary rounds were taken into account in the semifinals, and the scores from the semifinals were taken into account in the finals.
1856 Hutt by-election
The Hutt by-election 1856 was a by-election held in the multi-member Hutt electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 27 November 1856.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Alfred Ludlam and was won by Samuel Revans. On nomination day (26 November) Samuel Revans and George Hart were nominated, and after a show of hands in favour of Revans, Hart demanded a poll. Samuel Revans was subsequently elected the following day.

2nd New Zealand Parliament
The 2nd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 15 April 1856, following New Zealand's 1855 election. It was dissolved on 5 November 1860 in preparation for 1860–61 election. The 2nd Parliament was the first under which New Zealand had responsible government, meaning that unlike previously, the Cabinet was chosen (although not officially appointed) by Parliament rather than by the Governor-General of New Zealand.
Bogosi Act
The Bogosi Act is a piece of legislation in Botswana that defines the office of bogosi or "chieftainship" among Botswana's various tribes. The act was written in response to the Balopi Commission recommendation that the Constitution of Botswana replace all references of the word "chief" to the Setswana word kgosi. The Bogosi Act replaces the earlier Chieftainship Act of 1987.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
US Palmese 1912
The U.S. Palmese 1912 is a football club based in Palmi, Italy, founded in 1912. The team, whose colors are black and green, is one of the oldest in the football landscape of Calabria, and in the past has also played in the championships, the forerunner of today's Lega Pro, losing in 1935 with the Taranto and Andrea Doria finals for access to Serie B. It currently plays in Serie D.

Lega Pro
The  Lega Italiano Calcio Professionistico (Italian for Professional Football Italian League), commonly known as Lega Pro (Pro League), is the league that runs the third tier of professional football competitions in Italy, the Serie C; the third division of Italian football. It used several names in the past, including Lega Professionisti Serie C. It is a full member of European Leagues.
Scouting in Greater London
Scouting in the region of Greater London is largely represented by The Scout Association of the United Kingdom and some Groups of traditional Scouting including the Baden-Powell Scouts' Association.

The Scout Association has defined Greater London as a Scout Region with a Regional Commissioner, Richard Williams.

The Greater London Scout Region web site is londonscouts.net

There is a single member of the national Student Scout and Guide Organisation (SSAGO) covering all the universities in Greater London.

Traditional Scouting
Traditional Scouting is "old-fashioned" or "back to basics" Scouting in some form, often with an emphasis on woodcraft and scoutcraft activities. As a pluralist movement, there is no one set definition for the term, but most traditionalists share a common set of values and procedures. Traditionalists aim to return the Scout Movement to something approximating its original style and activities; rejecting the trend of modernizing the program in an attempt to widen its appeal and/or use the name "Scouts" for new programs for ever-younger children.

Baden-Powell traditionalists follow Robert Baden-Powell's model of Scouting from his book Scouting for Boys with some rejecting even Cubs and Rovers programs. Other Traditionalist oppose Baden-Powell like organizational structures being used outside of the original Boy Scouts.
Tall Ships (band)
Tall Ships were an English indie rock band, formed in 2009 whilst studying in Falmouth and based in Brighton, England. The band was composed of lead singer/guitarist Ric Phethean, bassist/backing vocalist Matt Parker, drummer Jamie Bush and keyboardist James Elliot Field.

The band released two EPs and their debut album Everything Touching via Big Scary Monster Records before disappearing for three years. They released their second album Impressions in February 2017.

The band announced their disbandment in September 2017 and performed three farewell shows across England in the following December.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Hinckley 38
The Hinckley 38 is a sailboat that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a cruiser-racer and first built in 1968.

The boat is a development of the Hughes 38-1 and, like that design and the Hughes 38-2, Hughes 38-3 and the North Star 38, is a version of Sparkman & Stephens' design number 1903.

Cruising (maritime)
Cruising is a maritime activity that involves staying aboard a watercraft for extended periods of time when the vessel is traveling on water at a steady speed. Cruising generally refers to leisurely trips on yachts and luxury cruiseships, with durations varying from day-trips to months-long round-the-world voyages.
Sidney C. Wolff
Sidney Carne Wolff (born 1941) is an American astrophysicist, researcher, public educator, and author. She is the first woman in the United States to head a major observatory, and she provided significant contributions to the construction of six telescopes. Wolff served as Director of the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO). She is a member of the International Astronomical Union's Division G: Stars and Stellar Physics.

American Astronomical Society
The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. Its current mission is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe as a diverse and inclusive astronomical community.
Bharat Mani Paudel
Bharat Mani Paudel (Nepali: भरतमणि पौडेल) is a Nepali standup comedian. He was a winner of Comedy Champion Season 2.

Bharat  was born in the Fungling municipality of Taplejung, Nepal., Taplejung, as the eldest child of Shiva Prasad Paudel and Devi Paudel. The Paudel family belongs to the middle class and runs a coffee shop in Taplejung district, Nepal. He developed a keen interest in comedy at a young age and used to do mimicry of famous comedians, actors, and politicians. He is the eldest child in his family. Becoming the winner of Comedy Champion Season 2, Paudel emerged victorious after defeating Bikki Agarwal and Santosh Thapa, who were his fellow competitors. He has acted in the Nepali television series "Bhadragol".

Nepalis
Nepali or Nepalese or Gorkhali (Nepali: नेपाली जनता) are the permanent citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali strictly refers to nationality, meaning people holding citizenship of Nepal. Conversely, people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal (such as Nepalese Australians), who speak Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but hold foreign citizenship, are referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners (Nepali: नेपाली भाषी विदेशी). The term Nepali is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, or expatriates.

Nepal is a multicultural and multi-ethnic country. Bagmati Province is the most densely populated province, holding approximately 20.97 percent of Nepal's population.
Moraima Secada
Moraima Secada (born María Micaela Secada Ramos (10 September 1930 – 30 December 1984), known to her admirers as La Mora (the moor), was a temperamental singer who created a special style of interpretation within the Cuban music genre of filin (feeling).

She started her career in the 1950s and was a member of the first female orchestra of America Anacaona, which made many international tours. She was also in the vocal groups Cuarteto Los Meme and Cuarteto D'Aida. She died of liver disease in Havana.  She was the aunt of the singer Jon Secada.

Liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
2007 National League One
The league was televised live for the first time following a deal with the broadcaster Sky Sports.

Castleford Tigers were relegated from the Super League in 2006, while Dewsbury Rams and Sheffield Eagles gained promotion from National League Two. York City Knights and Oldham R.L.F.C. are relegated to National League Two.

National League Three was abolished for the 2007 season and rebranded as the Rugby League Conference National division.

Sheffield Eagles
The Sheffield Eagles are a professional rugby league club based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. They play home games at the Olympic Legacy Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Sheffield's only major honour was winning the 1998 Challenge Cup, they have won the Second Division twice.

The clubs traditional home colours are red, white and gold and they share a rivalry with Doncaster.
D'
D' may resemble:

D' (D + apostrophe), the contracted form of words in several languages (for example, a French indefinite article); for a full list, see the Wiktionary entry

Dʼ (D + modifier apostrophe), Slavic notation for  palatalised d

Ď, ď in lower case (D + caron), a letter of the Czech and Slovak alphabets

D′ (D + prime), used for example to represent the sensitivity index in statistics

Ḋ (D + overdot)

Dʻ (D + ʻokina)

Dʾ (D + right half ring)

Dʿ (D + left half ring)

French articles and determiners
In French, articles and determiners are required on almost every common noun, much more so than in English. They are inflected to agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they determine, though most have only one plural form (for masculine and feminine). Many also often change pronunciation when the word that follows them begins with a vowel sound.

While articles are actually a subclass of determiners (and in traditional grammars  most French determiners are in turn a subclass of adjectives), they are generally treated separately; thus, they are treated separately here as well.
Ron Koertge
Ron Koertge (born April 22, 1940) is an American poet and author of young adult fiction. Koertge is currently the Poet Laureate of South Pasadena, California. His honors include a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, a California Arts Council grant, and inclusion in numerous anthologies. His young-adult fiction has won many awards, including Friends of American Writers Young People’s Literature Award, New York Library’s 100 Best Children’s Books, ALA Best Book, New York Public Library’s Books for the Teen Age, and P.E.N. awards. In 2017, he was awarded a Pushcart Prize.

California Arts Council
The California Arts Council functions as a state agency headquartered in Sacramento, California. Its board comprises eight council members who receive appointments from both the Governor and the California State Legislature. The agency's objective is to promote the advancement of California's cultural landscape through arts, culture, and creativity.
Proto-Germanic grammar
Historical linguistics has made tentative postulations about and multiple varyingly different reconstructions of Proto-Germanic grammar, as inherited from Proto-Indo-European grammar. All reconstructed forms are marked with an asterisk (*).

Optative mood
The optative mood (/ˈɒptətɪv/ OP-tə-tiv or /ɒpˈteɪtɪv/ op-TAY-tiv; abbreviated OPT) is a grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope regarding a given action. It is a superset of the cohortative mood and is closely related to the subjunctive mood but is distinct from the desiderative mood.
English has no morphological optative, but various constructions impute an optative meaning. Examples of languages with a morphological optative mood are Ancient Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Georgian, Friulian, Kazakh, Kurdish, Navajo, Old Prussian, Old Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish, and Yup'ik.
Harry McSween
Harry "Hap" Younger McSween Jr. is Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Planetary Geoscience at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. He has published papers and popular books about meteorites and planetary exploration, and textbooks on geochemistry and cosmochemistry.

Cosmochemistry
Cosmochemistry (from Ancient Greek  κόσμος (kósmos) 'universe' and  χημεία (khēmeía) 'chemistry') or chemical cosmology is the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions. This is done primarily through the study of the chemical composition of meteorites and other physical samples. Given that the asteroid parent bodies of meteorites were some of the first solid material to condense from the early solar nebula, cosmochemists are generally, but not exclusively, concerned with the objects contained within the Solar System.
Monica Witni
Monica Witni Cassin (née Bowden; July 5, 1918 – September 7, 1982) was an American composer, pianist, playwright, and double bass player. She published music under the names Monica Witni, Monica Witni Cassin, and under the pseudonym Mirriam Bowden Henningfeld.

Witni was born in Fairfax, Minnesota. She began piano lessons at age six and studied with Jose Eschniz. She received scholarships to play double bass at Southern Illinois University and Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois. Witni taught briefly and played double bass in a jazz trio and with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra. She married James Cassin in 1953.

Witni died in Pomona, New York on September 7, 1982, at the age of 64.

Her compositions include:

Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra
The Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra (MSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The orchestra performs primarily at the Bradley Symphony Center in Allen-Bradley Hall. The orchestra also serves as the orchestra for Florentine Opera productions.
Javad Ezzati
Mohammad Javad Ezzati (Persian: محمد جواد عزتی; born January 10, 1982) is an Iranian actor and director. He has received critical acclaim for his work in a wide range of genres. As of 2019, Ezzati's starring films have grossed 150 billion toman and accumulated more than 18 million tickets, making him the highest-grossing actor in Iran. He has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, two Hafez Awards, an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award, and an Urban International Film Festival Award.

Crystal Simorgh
The Crystal Simorgh (Persian: ‌سیمرغ بلورین) is an award given by Fajr International Film Festival, Iran's major annual film festival. It is awarded in several categories of International Competition as well as Iranian Cinema Competition. The award's name comes from the Simurgh, a mythical bird that appears in Persian mythology.

The Crystal Simorgh is one of the highest film honours in Iran.
2022 RAN Super Sevens
The 2022 RAN Super Sevens is a North American rugby sevens tournament that took place at the Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú in Mexico City, Mexico from November 12 to 13 in 2022. The tournament served as the qualifying event for the 2023 Central American & Caribbean Games, 2023 Pan American Games and the 2023 World Rugby Challenger Series.

Jamaica won the tournament and qualified for all three events. Runners-up, Mexico, only qualified to the Pan American, and the Central American & Caribbean Games. Bermuda and the Cayman Islands in finishing in the top four also qualified for the Central American & Caribbean Games.

2023 World Rugby Sevens Challenger Series – Men's tour
The 2023 Challenger Series for men's rugby sevens teams was the third season of the second-tier circuit that allowed a promotion pathway to the World Rugby Sevens Series.

The men's challenger tour had twelve national teams competing and was played as two tournaments on 20–22 and 28–30 April 2023 in Stellenbosch, South Africa, with the winner gaining entry to the 2023 London Sevens core team qualifier.
Conflict resolution strategy
Conflict resolution strategies are used in production systems in artificial intelligence, such as in rule-based expert systems, to help in choosing which production rule to fire. The need for such a strategy arises when the conditions of two or more rules are satisfied by the currently known facts.

Expert system
In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural programming code.  Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of AI software. They were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s, being then widely regarded as the future of AI — before the advent of successful artificial neural networks.
An expert system is divided into two subsystems: 1) a knowledge base, which represents facts and rules; and 2) an inference engine, which applies the rules to the known facts to deduce new facts, and can include explaining and debugging abilities.
Toomas Luman
Toomas Luman (born 30 October 1959) is an Estonian entrepreneur.

He has been the chairman of Nordecon's council.

He is the chairman of the Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

In 2006, he was awarded by Order of the White Star, I class.

In August 2018, he was temporarily promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in order to run for the presidency of the International Association of Reserve Officers of NATO Countries (CIOR). On June 16, 2022, President Alar Karis gave him the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ECCI) is a business network in Estonia. The largest in the country, it has over 3000 members. The chamber has operated continuously since 1989. Originally established in 1925, it was closed down after 15 years during the Soviet occupation, resuming after re-independence in 1989.
Qabin
The qabin (Classical Mandaic: ࡒࡀࡁࡉࡍ) is the Mandaean wedding ritual. Mandaean weddings are typically held for several days. Traditionally, weddings must be officiated by a Mandaean priest and can only be performed for ethnic Mandaeans, although this has proved to be challenging for the contemporary Mandaean diaspora.

During the qabin wedding ceremony, a Mandaean priest reads prayers from The Wedding of the Great Šišlam. Zidqa brikha, which includes hamra and various dried fruits and nuts, is also offered and consumed. A bridal chamber called the gnana, consisting of a canopy and white cloth, is set up for the bride and groom.

Drower (1937: 59–71) contains a detailed account of a traditional Mandaean village wedding.

A wedding chamber or canopy used during Mandaean wedding ceremonies is called an andiruna, a term which is also used to refer to temporary reed huts used during priest initiation ceremonies.

Wedding
A wedding is a ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnicities, races, religions, denominations, countries, social classes, and sexual orientations. Most wedding ceremonies involve an exchange of marriage vows by a couple; a presentation of a gift (e.g., an offering, rings, a symbolic item, flowers, money, or a dress); and a public proclamation of marriage by an authority figure or celebrant. Special wedding garments are often worn, and the ceremony is sometimes followed by a wedding reception. Music, poetry, prayers, or readings from religious texts or literature are also commonly incorporated into the ceremony, as well as superstitious customs.
APS Parnassos Strovolou H.C.
APS Parnassos Strovolou (Greek: Αθλητικό Πολιτιστικό Σωματείο Παρνασσός Στροβόλου, romanized: Athlitikó Politistikó Somateío Parnassós Strovólou) is a Cypriot handball club from Strovolos, that plays in the Cypriot First Division.

Strovolos
Strovolos (Greek: Στρόβολος; Turkish: Strovolos; is a municipality in the Nicosia district, of Cyprus. It is a part of the Nicosia urban area. With a population of 71,123, it is the second most populated municipality in Cyprus, after Limassol, and the most populated municipality in the Nicosia District. It was established in 1986.

Strovolos covers approximately 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi), and is divided into six quarters: Apostolos Varnavas kai Ayios Makarios, Ayios Demetrios, Ayios Vasilios, Chryseleousa, Ethnomaryras Kyprianos, and Stavros.