hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
René Besnard
René Henry Besnard (12 April 1879 – 12 March 1952) was a French politician who was a deputy for Indre-et-Loire from 1906 to 1919 and senator from 1920 to 1941.
He was briefly Minister of the Colonies and then Minister of Labor and Social Welfare in 1913.
He was twice Undersecretary of State for War during World War I (1914–18), and did much to reform aircraft production. He was briefly Minister of Colonies in 1917. From 1924 to 1928 Besnard was Ambassador of France to Rome. For a few days in 1930 he was Minister of War.

Minister of War (France)
The Minister of War (French: Ministre de la guerre) was the leader and most senior official of the French Ministry of War. It was a position in the Government of France from 1791 to 1947, replacing the position of Secretary of State for War and later being merged with the offices of Minister of the Navy and Minister of Air to form a new Minister of the Armed Forces.
Rudstone
Rudstone is a type of carbonate rock.

The Dunham classification (Dunham, 1962) did not consider grain size as a criterion for the description of carbonate lithologies. In an attempt to rectify this perceived deficiency, Embry & Klovan (1971) introduced the terms rudstone (grain supported) and floatstone (matrix supported) for coarse-grained allochthonous carbonates. Following a survey of the use of the Dunham classification, Lokier and Al Junaibi (2016) clarified the definition of a rudstone as "a carbonate-dominated rock where more than 10% of the volume is comprised of grains larger than 2 mm and these grains support the fabric of the rock."

Matrix (geology)
The matrix or groundmass of a rock is the finer-grained mass of material in which larger grains, crystals, or clasts are embedded.

The matrix of an igneous rock consists of finer-grained, often microscopic, crystals in which larger crystals, called phenocrysts, are embedded. This porphyritic texture is indicative of multi-stage cooling of magma. For example, porphyritic andesite will have large phenocrysts of plagioclase in a fine-grained matrix. Also in South Africa, diamonds are often mined from a matrix of weathered clay-like rock (kimberlite) called "yellow ground".

The matrix of sedimentary rocks is finer-grained sedimentary material, such as clay or silt, in which larger grains or clasts are embedded. It is also used to describe the rock material in which a fossil is embedded.
KTW (Katowice)
KTW (also .KTW) is a complex of two high-rise buildings in Katowice, Poland. KTW I, the first building of the project, was completed in 2018 at 66 metres (217 ft). The second tower, KTW II, rises 134 metres (440 ft) and was finished in 2022; it is the tallest building in Katowice and in the Upper Silesia region.

KTW is located at Aleja Roździeńskiego, in the Koszutka district. As part of Katowice's Culture Zone (Strefa Kultury), the complex lies near the Spodek arena, the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra and the International Congress Centre. TDJ Estate developed the complex, while Przemo Łukasik and Łukasz Zagała from Medusa Group were in charge of the architectural concept.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Napoli Piazza Amedeo station
Napoli Piazza Amedeo is an underground railway station that serves Line 2 on the Naples metropolitan railway service. It went into service September 20, 1925, with the activation of the metropolitan service from Naples to Pozzuoli Solfatara (the so-called "Metropolitana FS"). It is overlooked by Vomero Hill and the entrance to the station found in Piazza Amedeo with a long tunnel leading to the platforms.

The station has a pavilion made of reinforced concrete which leads through a long tunnel leading to the turnstiles and the docks. The station is located in the Rione Amedeo, in the heart of Naples' wealthy, near nightlife. It is also close to Via dei Mille, Via Calabritto and Piazza dei Martiri, which are lined with designer boutiques. The station is also well connected by Chiaia Funicular to Vomero.

Naples metropolitan railway service
The Naples Metropolitan Railway Service (Italian: Servizio ferroviario metropolitano di Napoli), is a commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Naples, Italy. The system comprises 7 lines operated by Ente Autonomo Volturno and 1 line (Line 2) operated by Trenitalia, serving 129 stations.

Line 2 also has same regional extensions which reach Formia, Capua, Castellamare and Salerno.
The Decembrists (opera)
The Decembrists (Russian: Декабристы, Dekabristi) is an historical opera by Yuri Shaporin with libretto by Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Aleksey Tolstoy and others. It was premiered in 1953 after a long and difficult period of composition lasting some 30 years. In a style highly reminiscent of the great 19th-century Russian composers, especially Borodin, Mussorgsky and Tchaikovsky, it gives a rather fictionalized account of the 1825 Decembrist revolt of Russian army officers against the Tsarist government. Frequently performed in the Soviet Union, where it was seen as the culmination of Shaporin's career, it has never been well known in the West except through its most popular number, the Soldiers' Chorus.

Tsarist autocracy
Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.[b] In it, the Tsar possessed in principle authority and wealth, with more power than constitutional monarchs counterbalanced by legislative authority, as well as a more religious authority than Western monarchs. The institution originated during the time of Ivan III (1462−1505) and
was limited with the introduction of constitution and national-level representative assembly (State Duma) after the 1905 Revolution. Still, the term continued to be applied to the monarchy in Russia until the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Russian revolutionaries and afterwards, in the Soviet Union.
The 13th Reality
The 13th Reality is a young adult science fiction book series by American writer James Dashner.  The first book in the series (The Journal of Curious Letters) was published in early 2008 by Shadow Mountain Publishing. The second book was released on May 1, 2009, and was titled The Hunt for Dark Infinity, and book three was released April 6, 2010. It is titled The Blade of Shattered Hope.  The fourth book, The Void of Mist and Thunder, was released as an eBook on July 10, 2012, and was released as a hardcover in September 2012. A 2096-page boxed set was issued by Aladdin Paperbacks in 2013.

Deseret Book Company
Deseret Book (/ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ⓘ) is an American publishing company headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, that also operates a chain of 38 bookstores throughout the United States which includes: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington.  It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation (DMC), the holding company for business firms owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Deseret Book is a for-profit corporation registered in Utah. Deseret Book publishes under four imprints with media ranging from works explaining Latter-day Saint theology and doctrine, fiction, electronic resources, and sound recordings such, as The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square albums.
Football in Yugoslavia
Football in Yugoslavia had different levels of historical development depending on the geographical regions. Following the extreme popularity of the sport in Central Europe, it soon became the most popular sport in the territories of Yugoslavia as well.

Subotica
Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: Суботица, pronounced [sǔbotitsa] ⓘ; Hungarian: Szabadka, pronounced [ˈsɒbɒtkɒ]) is a city in Central Europe and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following the city of Novi Sad. According to the 2022 census, the city proper has a population of 88,752, while the population of the administrative area of the city stands at 123,952 people.
Marco Larsen
Marco Tejmer Larsen (born 15 May 1993) is a Danish retired football player who last played for Danish Superliga club FC Midtjylland. He has represented Denmark internationally at levels up to Denmark under-21.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Claremont College (Tasmania)
Claremont College is a government comprehensive senior secondary school located in Claremont in the northern suburbs of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Established in 1990, the college caters for approximately 400 students in Years 11, 12 and optional Year 13 and is administered by the Department for Education, Children and Young People.

The college provides a full range of courses, preparing students for university, TAFE, traineeships and employment with courses delivered both on- and off-campus. The college overlooks the Derwent River, and is located approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Hobart central business district.

Department for Education, Children and Young People
The Department for Education, Children and Young People (DECYP) is a government department within the Government of Tasmania with responsibility for Government schools, child and family learning centres, child safety and out of home care, youth justice services, libraries and the Tasmanian archives.

The department is led by its Secretary, Ginna Webster.
Monommatini
Monommatini is a tribe of beetles known as monommatid beetles. They are in the ironclad beetle family, Zopheridae. There are about 15 genera and 300 described species in Monommatini. They are found worldwide, with the greatest diversity in Madagascar. They are commonly associated with rotting plant matter such as the dry rotting cambium of trees.

Dry rot
Dry rot is wood decay caused by one of several species of fungi that digest parts of wood which give it strength and stiffness. It was previously used to describe any decay of cured wood in ships and buildings by a fungus which resulted in a darkly colored deteriorated and cracked condition.

The life-cycle of dry rot can be broken down into four main stages. Dry rot begins as a microscopic spore which, in high enough concentrations, can resemble a fine orange dust. If the spores are subjected to sufficient moisture, they will germinate and begin to grow fine white strands known as hyphae. As the hyphae grow they will eventually form a large mass known as mycelium. The final stage is a fruiting body which pumps new spores out into the surrounding air.

In other fields, the term has been applied to the decay of crop plants by fungi. In health and safety, the term is used to describe the deterioration of rubber, for example the cracking of rubber hoses.
Licungo River
The Licungo is a river of Mozambique in Zambezia Province. The river begins north of Gurúè and flows south to the Indian Ocean.

Leaving Gurué District, the river forms the border between Namarroi and Ile and then the southern border of Lugela District before entering Mocuba District. At the city of Mocuba, the Licungo is joined by the Lugela river flowing from near the border with Malawi. The river then forms the border between Namacurra and Maganja da Costa districts.

Flooding is a recurring issue, including in the 2000 Mozambique flood. Floods in January 2015 had 64 fatalities and the bridge for National Road 1 in Mocuba collapsed.

In 2018, the basin is the focus of mapping initiative by the National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC), supported by the World Food Programme. The basin has also been assessed by the Dutch Risk Reduction team.

Agricultural areas include the Munda Munda plain and Sena sugar estates.

Ile District, Mozambique
Ile District is a district of Zambezia Province in Mozambique. Ile is bordered by Gurué and Alta Molócue to the north, Mulevala to the east, Mocuba to the south, and Lugela and Namarroi to the west. While Portuguese is the official language of Mozambique, the most commonly spoken language in Ile is the Bantu language, eLomwe. Subsistence agriculture sustains a large portion of the Ile population with crops such as cassava, rice and corn. These cereal crops are supplemented with small-scale farms of legumes, sweet potato, peanut, greens, tomato, onion, garlic, and more. Commercial agricultural crops include tea and eucalyptus. Available fruits include orange, banana, mango, papaya, coconut, lemon and lime. Ile is home to many granite domes and other bornhardts.
Kasagala Raja Maha Vihara
Kasagala Raja Maha Vihara (Sinhala: කසාගල රජ මහා විහාරය) is an ancient Buddhist Temple, situated in Angunukolapelessa, Hambantota District, Sri Lanka. It is situated about 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Ranna Junction along Ranna - Weeraketiya road. The temple has been formally recognised by the Government as an archaeological site in Sri Lanka. The designation was declared on 6 June 2008 under the government Gazette number 1553.

Buddhist temple
A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for adherents of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in Buddhism represent the pure land or pure environment of a Buddha. Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to inspire both inner and outer peace.

Buddhist temples follow a set of architectural guides adhering to Buddhist architecture principal, with stylistic derivatives seen throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia.
Josiah Kantiyok
Dr. Josiah Tagwai Kantiyok (born 9 January 1968) is the second indigenous paramount ruler of Fantswam (Kafanchan) Chiefdom, a Nigerian traditional state in southern Kaduna State of Nigeria. He was crowned as Agwam Zikpak II by the state government although his predecessor was Agwam Fantswam I.

Southern Kaduna
Southern Kaduna (Tyap: A̱tak Ka̱duna [ǝtag kǝduna] ⓘ; Jju: Ka̱tak Ka̱duna [kǝtag kǝduna] ⓘ; Hausa: Kudancin Kaduna [kudǝnt͡ʃin kəduna] ⓘ; formerly Southern Zaria) is an area of the Nok Culture region inhabited by various related ethnic groups who do not identify as Hausa, living south of Zaria, Kaduna State. It is located in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. According to the Southern Kaduna People's Union (SOKAPU), Southern Kaduna consists of 12 (or 13) Local Government Areas out of 23 in Kaduna State.

In September 2020, the SOKAPU national publicity secretary, Luka Binniyat, in a statement he signed said the region makes up 51.2% of the entire state's population as shown in the 2006 census figures, occupying 26,000 sq. km. of the state's 46,000 sq. km. total land mass, with 57 registered ethnic nationalities of the state's 67 identified ones. Angerbrandt (2015) views it as being less of a geographical identity and more of an ethnic identity concept.
Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church (Milwaukee)
The Saint Sava Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: Српска православна црква Светог Саве, romanized: Srpska pravoslavna crkva Svetog Save) is an Eastern Orthodox church located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is under jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of New Gračanica and Midwestern America of the Serbian Orthodox Church and is dedicated to Saint Sava, the first Archbishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church.

The church is covered in traditional wall mosaics that have been described as, "some of the most extensive and elaborate church mosaics in the United States." The church sits on a complex that also includes a parochial school and an event center known as the American Serb Hall, an important stop for political candidates including a number of men who have gone on to become President of the United States.

Parochial school
A parochial school is a private primary or secondary school affiliated with a religious organization, and whose curriculum includes general religious education in addition to secular subjects, such as science, mathematics and language arts. The word parochial comes from the same root as "parish", and parochial schools were originally the educational wing of the local parish church. Christian parochial schools are called "church schools" or "Christian schools."

In addition to schools run by Christian organizations, there are also religious schools affiliated with Jewish, Muslim, and other groups; however, these are not usually called "parochial" because of the term's historical association with Christian parishes.
Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an autosomal recessive fatty acid oxidation disorder which affects enzymes required to break down a certain group of fats called short chain fatty acids.

Short-chain fatty acid
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms. The SCFAs' lower limit is interpreted differently, either with one, two, three or four carbon atoms.  Derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, SCFAs in human gut are acetic, propionic and butyric acid. Butyrate is the main energy source of colonocytes, making them crucial to gastrointestinal health. SCFAs all possess varying degrees of water solubility, which distinguishes them from longer chain fatty acids that are immiscible.
Motorcycle tyre
A motorcycle tyre (spelt tire in American English) is the outer part of motorcycle wheel, attached to the rim, providing traction, resisting wear, absorbing surface irregularities, and allowing the motorcycle to turn via countersteering. The two tyres' contact patches are the motorcycle's connection to the ground, and so are fundamental to the motorcycle's suspension behaviour, and critically affect safety, braking, fuel economy, noise, and rider comfort.

Traction (mechanics)
Traction, traction force or tractive force is a force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of either dry friction or shear force.
It has important applications in vehicles, as in tractive effort.

Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction). It is the force which makes an object move over the surface by overcoming all the resisting forces like friction, normal loads (load acting on the tiers in negative Z axis), air resistance, rolling resistance, etc.
Amyema nestor
Amyema nestor is a species of epiphytic hemiparasitic plant in the family Loranthaceae. It is native to Western Australia, and found growing only on acacias.

The species was first described in 1897 as Loranthus nestor by Spencer Le Marchant Moore, but was transferred to the genus, Amyema, in 1929 by Benedictus Hubertus Danser.

Benedictus Hubertus Danser
Benedictus Hubertus Danser (24 May 1891, Schiedam – 18 October 1943, Groningen), often abbreviated B. H. Danser, was a Dutch taxonomist and botanist. Danser specialised in the plant families Loranthaceae, Nepenthaceae, and Polygonaceae.

In 1928, Danser published an exhaustive revision of the genus Nepenthes, recognising 65 species in "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". While nowadays more than 140 species of Nepenthes are known, Danser's work is still referenced by specialists in the field.

Danser died in Groningen on 18 October 1943. The genus Dansera (Fabaceae) and the species Nepenthes danseri (Nepenthaceae), Rumex danseri (Polygonaceae) and Taxillus danseriana (Loranthaceae) are named after him.
Deborah Zoe Laufer
Deborah Zoe Laufer is an American playwright and theatre director. Her plays have been performed at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park, the Everyman Theatre in Baltimore, the Humana Festival of New American Plays, and Off-Broadway at The Duke on 42nd Street and the Ensemble Studio Theatre. She won a Harold and Mimi Steinberg New Play Citation from the American Theatre Critics Association for her play End Days in 2008. Reviewer Patricia Mitchell writes that Laufer is known for "dealing with serious, existential questions in seriously hilarious ways."

Everyman Theatre, Baltimore
Everyman Theatre is a regional theatre with a professional repertory company of artists in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. Everyman's mission is to bring accessible and affordable theatre to the city of Baltimore. Everyman Theatre is located in downtown Baltimore in the Bromo Arts and Entertainment District.
Imperfectum
Imperfectum (Latin "unfinished" or "incomplete") may mean:

Imperfect, a verb form

Opus Imperfectum, an early Christian commentary on the Gospel of Matthew

in the Middle Age theory of music
for tempi - tempus imperfectum and tempus imperfectum diminutum - see Mensural notation
for consonances see Consonance and dissonance#Antiquity and the middle ages

Consonance and dissonance
In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds. Within the Western tradition, some listeners associate consonance with sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability, and dissonance with harshness, unpleasantness, or unacceptability, although there is broad acknowledgement that this depends also on familiarity and musical expertise. The terms form a structural dichotomy in which they define each other by mutual exclusion: a consonance is what is not dissonant, and a dissonance is what is not consonant. However, a finer consideration shows that the distinction forms a gradation, from the most consonant to the most dissonant. In casual discourse, as German composer and music theorist Paul Hindemith stressed,

"The two concepts have never been completely explained, and for a thousand years the definitions have varied".

The term sonance has been proposed to encompass or refer indistinctly to the terms consonance and dissonance.