hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
Anthony "Tony" Guiseppi-Elie is a Trinidad-born, American scientist, chemical and bioengineer, entrepreneur. He is the President and Sr. Fellow of the American International Institute of Medical Sciences, Engineering and Innovation and the President and Scientific director of ABTECH Scientific, Inc. He is noted for his research and commercial development of biologically inspired and chemically responsive electroconductive hydrogels. Guiseppi-Elie is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of the transdisciplinary journal Bioengineering.

He is a co-founder of the convergent academic program in engineering and medicine (School of ENMED) at Texas A&M University. He is also the Founding Dean of the convergent liberal-arts and engineering programs of the College of Engineering at Anderson University (South Carolina).

Bioinspiration
Bioinspiration refers to the human development of novel materials, devices, structures, and behaviors inspired by solutions found in biological organisms, where they have evolved and been refined over millions of years. The goal is to improve modeling and simulation of the biological system to attain a better understanding of nature's critical structural features, such as a wing, for use in future bioinspired designs. Bioinspiration differs from biomimicry in that the latter aims to precisely replicate the designs of biological materials. Bioinspired research is a return to the classical origins of science: it is a field based on observing the remarkable functions that characterize living organisms and trying to abstract and imitate those functions.
Dry Day
Dry Day is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language comedy drama film written and directed by Saurabh Shukla.  It stars Jitendra Kumar, Shriya Pilgaonkar and Annu Kapoor. It is produced by Nikkhil Advani Under Emmay Entertainment.

It released directly on Amazon Prime Video on 22 December 2023.

Emmay Entertainment
Emmay Entertainment and Motion Pictures LLP is an Indian content production company based in Mumbai, India. It was founded by Nikkhil Advani, Monisha Advani and Madhu Bhojwani in 2011. After its inception, it began with full-length feature films and gradually expanded to television, short films, telefilms and digital content.
John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge
The John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge (previously called the Shelby Street Bridge or Shelby Avenue Bridge) is a truss bridge that spans the Cumberland River in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The bridge spans 3,150 feet (960 m) and is one of the longest pedestrian bridges in the world.

Cumberland River
The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red Rivers.

Although the Cumberland River basin is predominantly rural, there are also some large cities on the river, including Nashville and Clarksville, both in Tennessee.

The river system has been extensively altered for flood control. Major dams impound areas of both the main stem and many of its important tributaries.
Lelang Commandery
The Lelang Commandery was a commandery of the Han dynasty established after it had conquered Wiman Chosŏn in 108 BCE and lasted until Goguryeo conquered it in 313 CE. The Lelang Commandery extended the rule of the Four Commanderies of Han as far south as the Han River in present-day South Korea. South Korean scholars have described its administrative areas as being limited to the Pyongan and Hwanghae regions, whose southern bounds lie roughly 75 miles north of the Han River.

Wiman Chosŏn
Wiman Chosŏn (194–108 BC) was a dynasty of Old Chosŏn (Go-Joseon). It began with Wiman's (Wei Man) seizure of the throne from King Jun of Joseon and ended with the death of King Ugeo, who was Wiman's grandson. Apart from archaeological data, the main source on this historical period comes from chapter 115 of Sima Qian's Shiji. Wiman was originally a Chinese military leader from the Kingdom of Yan under the Han dynasty.
Gon, the Little Fox
Gon, the Little Fox (ごん狐, Gongitsune) is a Japanese children's story about the life of a little fox called Gon. The story is considered the masterpiece of Niimi Nankichi, also sometimes known as the Hans Christian Andersen of Japan.

Japanese literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or lit. 'Chinese writing' (漢文, kanbun), a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan.

During the Heian period, Japan's original kokufū culture (lit. 'national culture') developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of kana (仮名) to write Japanese literature.

Following the end of the sakoku policy and especially during the increasing westernization of the Meiji era, Western literature has also had an influence on the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe.
Paschall
Paschall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Paschall (born 1954), American Major League Baseball player

Davis Young Paschall (1911–2001), American administrator of educational institutions

Eric Paschall (born 1996), American basketballer

Harry Paschall (1896/7–1957), American weightlifter, magazine editor, cartoonist and author

James E. Paschall (1923–2024), United States Air Force major general

John M. Paschall (1826/7–1886), American farmer, carpenter and politician

Nathaniel Paschall (1802–1866), American journalist

Richard Carlton Paschall III, American diplomat

John M. Paschall
John M. Paschall (1826/7 – April 1, 1886) was a farmer, carpenter and politician in North Carolina. He served as a judge, county commissioner and state legislator in North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina Senate from 1874 to 1875 representing Warren County during the Reconstruction era. He was one of four Republican state senators in North Carolina during that session. There were thirteen African American House members. Both bodies had large Democratic Party majorities.
Women in Iraq
The status of women in Iraq has been affected by wars, Islamic law, the Constitution of Iraq, cultural traditions, and secularism. Women's rights organizations in Iraq continue to struggle against harassment and intimidation while they work to promote improvements to women's status in the law, in education, the workplace, and many other spheres of Iraqi life. Abusive practices such as honor killings and forced marriages persist.

Arab Federation
The Hashemite Arab Federation was a short-lived confederation that lasted from 14 February to 2 August 1958, between the Hashemite kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan. Although the name implies a federal structure, it was de facto a confederation.

The Federation was formed on 14 February 1958, when King Faisal II of Iraq and his cousin, King Hussein of Jordan, sought to unite their two Hashemite kingdoms as a response to the formation of the United Arab Republic between Egypt and Syria. The union lasted only six months.  Faisal II was deposed by a military coup on 14 July, and the new Iraqi government officially dissolved the Federation on 2 August 1958.
Patrick Malone (Irish politician)
Patrick Malone (30 May 1916 – 3 December 1993) was an Irish Fine Gael politician.

Malone was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare from 1970, when he won a by election caused by the death of Gerard Sweetman. He was re-elected at the subsequent 1973 general election but was defeated at the 1977 general election. He previously served as a member of the Seanad from 1965, and was elected for the Agricultural Panel in 1965 and the Administrative Panel in 1969

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
Clavulina craterelloides
Clavulina craterelloides is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. Known only from Guyana, it was described in 2004. The fruit bodies are large, orange-brown in color, and funnel-shaped, occurring in groves of Dicymbe trees.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
BTV Khulna
Bangladesh Television Khulna or BTV Khulna is a BTV-affiliated relay television station broadcast from Khulna, operating in southwestern Bangladesh. Established in 11 March 1977, it relays programming from the main television station of BTV in Dhaka.

There have been multiple, though unsuccessful, attempts to convert BTV Khulna into a full-fledged regional television station. It is headquartered in the Khalishpur Thana of Khulna. BTV Khulna is one of the three relay stations of Bangladesh Television serving the Khulna Division; the two others being in Jhenaidah and Satkhira.

Satkhira
Satkhira(Bengali: সাতক্ষীরা) is a city and district headquarters of Satkhira District and Satkhira Sadar Upazila in Khulna Division, southwestern Bangladesh. The city has a population of about 138,000, making it the 35th largest city in Bangladesh. Satkhira also has a large proportion of the Sundarbans rainforest of Bangladesh.

The area has suffered from saltwater intrusion into the water supply as a result of sea level rise, part of the effects of climate change in Bangladesh.
PartyCasino
PartyCasino is an online casino first launched in 1997 under the name Starluck Casino, before relaunching in 2006 as a fully integrated platform. The casino offers more than 500 games, ranging from casino like blackjack and roulette to a wide selection of online slots and live dealer experiences.

Following the 2011 merger of Party Gaming PLC and bwin Interactive Entertainment AG, PartyCasino became one of Gaming VC Holdings PLC’s (GVC) leading casino brands. Entain operates four main product verticals, sports, casino, poker and bingo, along with other core brands such as CasinoClub, Betboo, Sportingbet, Bwin, partypoker, Foxy Bingo, and Gioco Digitale.

Roulette
Roulette (named after the French word meaning "little wheel") is a casino game which was likely developed from the Italian game Biribi. In the game, a player may choose to place a bet on a single number, various groupings of numbers, the color red or black, whether the number is odd or even, or if the number is high or low.

To determine the winning number, a croupier spins a wheel in one direction, then spins a ball in the opposite direction around a tilted circular track running around the outer edge of the wheel. The ball eventually loses momentum, passes through an area of deflectors, and falls onto the wheel and into one of the colored and numbered pockets on the wheel. The winnings are then paid to anyone who has placed a successful bet.
Dryness (taste)
Dryness is a property of  beverages that describes the lack of a sweet taste.  This may be due to a lack of sugars, the presence of some other taste that masks sweetness, or an underabundance of simple carbohydrates that can be converted to sugar by enzymes in the mouth (amylase in particular). The term "dry" may be applied to types of beer, wine, cider, distilled spirits, or any other beverage.

In a dry martini, "dry" originally referred to the inclusion of dry gin, however it is often incorrectly used to refer to the amount of vermouth used in the drink. A "perfect" martini – or any other cocktail that uses vermouth, such as a Perfect Manhattan – is a martini made with equal parts dry and sweet vermouth.

Amylase
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar. The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek letters. All amylases are glycoside hydrolases and act on α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
English Ceramic Circle
The English Ceramic Circle is a Registered Charity whose aim is to advance knowledge by presenting new research on ceramic history at meetings and by publishing this research. Founded as the English Porcelain Circle in 1927, the name was changed in 1931 to the English Ceramic Circle. The English Ceramic Circle is based in London and publishes a substantial journal of Transactions each year as well as occasional specialist studies. Membership is open to all and the Circle's worldwide membership embraces collectors, curators, archaeologists, potters, auctioneers, dealers, social historians and all those with an interest in the history of ceramics made in the British Isles.

In 1977 the English Ceramic Circle's 50th Anniversary was marked by a publication sponsored by Sotheby Parke Bernet & Company which celebrated English earthenwares and porcelains produced between 1580 and 1830.

Charity Commission for England and Wales
The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh: Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the statutory regulator of registered charities in England and Wales. It maintains the public register of charities and oversees compliance with charity law.

The Commission is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government that regulates registered charities in England and Wales and maintains the Central Register of Charities. Its counterparts in Scotland and Northern Ireland are the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland.

The commission has four sites in London, Taunton, Liverpool and Newport. Its website lists the latest annual reports submitted by charities in England and Wales.

During the financial year 2022–2023, the Commission regulated £88 billion of charity income and £85 billion of charity spend.
Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics
The Brazilian Association of Atheists and Agnostics (Portuguese: Associação Brasileira de Ateus e Agnósticos), or ATEA, is a Brazilian atheist activist nonprofit organization founded in August 2008. The organization advocates the separation of church and state and promotes atheism and agnosticism. Although Brazil is legally defined by its Constitution as a secular state, the organization has voiced its concern that this is not observed in practice.

Its slogans have been: "Religião não define caráter" ("Religion does not define character"), "A fé não dá respostas, só evita perguntas." ("Faith does not give answers. It only prevents questions"), "Se Deus existe, tudo é permitido" ("If God exists, everything is permitted") and "Somos todos ateus para os deuses dos outros" ("We are all atheists to others' gods").

As of May 2015, it has more than 15,000 associated members.

Secular state
A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. A secular state claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion, and claims to avoid preferential treatment for a citizen based on their religious beliefs, affiliation or lack of either over those with other profiles.

Although secular states have no state religion, the absence of an established state religion does not mean that a state is completely secular or egalitarian. For example, some states that describe themselves as secular have religious references in their national anthems and flags, laws that benefit one religion or another, or are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance.
Los Nemus del Pacífico
Los Nemus del Pacífico are a Colombian salsa music band.  They are especially known for son montuno music, as highlighted in their video Los Nemus Del Pacifico: Greatest Hits of Salsa & Son Montuno on Discos Fuentes (2005).

Discos Fuentes
Discos Fuentes is a record label based in Medellín, Colombia, South America. Founded in 1934 in Cartagena, Colombia, by Antonio Fuentes Estrada, Discos Fuentes was the country's first notable record label. The label was instrumental in introducing Colombia to such Afro-rhythm genres as cumbia, fandango, merengue, porro, salsa and rock and roll. The label also helped forge the early careers for such musicians and composers as Guillermo Buitrago, Rafael Escalona, and Julio César Bovea.

Discos Fuentes has often been described as Colombia's version of "Motown", peaking in the 1960s and early 1970s. The label achieved a series of firsts for Colombia: the first compilation album (1960) and the first Compact Disc release (1987).

After the death of the label's founder, Antonio Fuentes Estrada, in 1985, the company expanded into video production and purchased several other music labels, including Discos Tropical and Curro.
Belgium at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics
Belgium competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August. A team of 23 athletes was announced in preparation for the competition. Selected athletes have achieved one of the competition's qualifying standards. The team features a women's 4 x 100 metres relay, which won medals at the 2007 World Championships, and the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

2009 World Championships in Athletics
The 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 2009) were held in Berlin, Germany from 15 to 23 August 2009. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate.
Dream Chronicles (video game)
Dream Chronicles (originally titled Dream Chronicles: The Endless Slumber) is a 2007 adventure, hidden object, and puzzle casual game developed by KatGames and published by PlayFirst. It is the first installment in the series.

Set in a mystical world where mortal and fairy realms collide, the game tells the story of a mortal woman named Faye who is the only being able to awaken from a powerful fairy's dream spell. She embarks on an adventure through a dream world to find her fairy husband and save her hometown. To solve the mystery, players must complete puzzles and search for clues leading to the whereabouts of Faye's husband.

As the first part of the first trilogy, Dream Chronicles spawned two direct sequels, Dream Chronicles 2: The Eternal Maze and Dream Chronicles: The Chosen Child, which were released in 2008 and 2009 respectively.

Big Fish Games
Big Fish Games, Inc. is a casual game company based in Seattle with a regional office in Oakland, California, owned by BFG Entertainment. It is a developer and distributor of casual games for computers and mobile devices.

In 2016, the company was accused of knowingly deceiving customers into signing up for monthly purchases without informed consent. It was also the subject of a class action lawsuit over its app Big Fish Casino, resulting in a settlement of $155 million after a federal appeals court ruled that it constituted illegal online gambling.
1980 Winter Paralympics
The 1980 Winter Paralympic Games (Norwegian: Paralympiske vinterleker 1980; Nynorsk: Paralympiske vinterleikane 1980), the second Winter Paralympics, were held from 1  to 7 February 1980 in Geilo, Norway. Eighteen countries took part with 299 athletes. A demonstration event was held in sledge downhill racing. All classes of athletes with locomotor disabilities were able to participate. Organized by the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF) and the International Sports Federation of the Disabled (ISOD).

Originally known as the 2nd Olympic Winter Games for Disabled.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Nagbal
Nagbal is a village in Ganderbal district of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The village lies in Ganderbal block of the district and is one of the nearest villages to Srinagar city. Rangil water treatment plant is situated in the same area which provides water supply to majority of city population.

Ganderbal district
Ganderbal district, is an Indian-administered district in Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It was formed in 2007 and has 6 subdistricts (tehsils): Kangan, Ganderbal, Tullamulla, Wakura, Lar, and Gund.
Aulo Gustafsson
Aulo Lemuel Gustafsson (5 December 1908 – 19 August 1982) was a Swedish freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in and died in Stockholm.

At the 1927 European Aquatics Championships, he took a bronze medal the 4×200 m freestyle relay event along with Åke Borg, Eskil Lundahl, and Arne Borg. In the 1928 Summer Olympics, he was a member of the Swedish team which finished fifth in the 4×200 m freestyle relay event.

Gustafsson represented Stockholms KK.

Swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1928 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held on Saturday 11 August 1928.

Fifty-five swimmers from 13 nations competed.

Note: The International Olympic Committee medal database shows only these four swimmers from the United States as gold medalist. Paul Samson and David Young both swam in the semi-final are not credited with medals. Also the Japanese Kazuo Noda who swam in the semi-final is not listed as silver medalist.