hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SGR Repeal and Medicare Provider Payment Modernization Act of 2014
The SGR Repeal and Medicare Provider Payment Modernization Act of 2014 (H.R. 4015) is a bill that would replace the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) formula, which determines the annual updates to payment rates for physicians’ services in Medicare, with new systems for establishing those payment rates.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The provisions in this bill that would pay for changes in the SGR formula by delaying some provisions of the Affordable Care Act were unpopular with Democrats, leading to the Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (H.R. 4302; 113th Congress), a bill that would simply delay the April 1, 2014 SGR Medicare cuts until March 2015.

Congressional Budget Office
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides budget and economic information to Congress. It is headquartered at the Ford House Office Building in Washington, DC. Inspired by California's Legislative Analyst's Office that manages the state budget in a strictly nonpartisan fashion, the CBO was created as a nonpartisan agency by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

Whereas politicians on both sides of the aisle have criticized the CBO when its estimates have been politically inconvenient, economists and other academics overwhelmingly reject that the CBO is partisan or that it fails to produce credible forecasts. There is a consensus among economists that "adjusting for legal restrictions on what the CBO can assume about future legislation and events, the CBO has historically issued credible forecasts of the effects of both Democratic and Republican legislative proposals."
Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath
Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath, (1687–1737), known as Sir Robert Dalzell, 3rd Baronet from 1689 until 1702,  was a Scottish nobleman and Jacobite supporter during the 1715 Jacobite uprising. For this he was attainted in 1716, and from that point known as Robert Dalzell.

Jacobite rising of 1715
The Jacobite rising of 1715 (Scottish Gaelic: Bliadhna Sheumais [ˈpliən̪ˠə ˈheːmɪʃ];
or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts.

At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, the Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27 August. Aiming to capture Stirling Castle, he was checked by the much-outnumbered Hanoverians, commanded by the Duke of Argyll, at Sheriffmuir on 13 November. There was no clear result, but the Earl appeared to believe, mistakenly, that he had won the battle. After the Jacobite surrender at Preston (14 November), the rebellion was over.
Deuli, Canning
Deuli is a village  and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Jibantala police station in the Canning II CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Harold Tyrie
Harold Joffre Tyrie (3 August 1915 – 22 February 2007) was a New Zealand track and field athlete who won a bronze medal at the 1938 British Empire Games. He also played representative rugby union for Otago.

New Zealand at the 1938 British Empire Games
New Zealand at the 1938 British Empire Games was represented by a team of 69 competitors and 13 officials, including 18 athletes, 15 rowers, eight swimmers and divers, and seven each of boxers, cyclists and wrestlers. Selection of the team for the Games in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, was the responsibility of the New Zealand Olympic and British Empire Games Association. New Zealand's flagbearer at the opening ceremony was Jim Leckie.  The New Zealand team finished fifth on the medal table, winning a total of 25 medals, five of which were gold.

New Zealand has competed in every games, starting with the British Empire Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Ontario.
Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge
The Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge is a 5,237-acre (21.19 km2) National Wildlife Refuge in the United States, located approximately 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Denver, Colorado. The refuge is situated west of the cities of Broomfield and Westminster and north of the city of Arvada. The refuge is home to various animals, including a herd of 150 elk, occasional black bear, mountain lions, and moose; as well as badgers, bats, coyote, two species of owl, mule deer, northern flicker, white pelican, black-tailed prairie dog, and porcupine. The site also contains an estimated 630 plant species. Prior to its establishment in 2007, the area housed a large manufacturing complex that produced nuclear weapons parts from the 1950s through the 1990s, until shutting down in 1992.

Black-tailed prairie dog
The black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) is a rodent of the family Sciuridae (the squirrels) found in the Great Plains of North America from about the United States–Canada border to the United States–Mexico border. Unlike some other prairie dogs, these animals do not truly hibernate. The black-tailed prairie dog can be seen above ground in midwinter. A black-tailed prairie dog town in Texas was reported to cover 25,000 mi2 (64,000 km2) and included 400,000,000 individuals. Prior to habitat destruction, the species may have been the most abundant prairie dog in central North America. It was one of two prairie dogs described by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the journals and diaries of their expedition.
Gena Marvin
Gena Marvin (born 1999 or 2000) is a Russian performance artist known for their surreal and creature drag. Their art focuses on themes of identity, self-acceptance, different forms of beauty, and the surreal.

Marvin is the star of the Peabody Award winning documentary Queendom (2023).

Drag (entertainment)
Drag is a performance of exaggerated femininity, masculinity, or other forms of gender expression, usually for entertainment purposes. Drag usually involves cross-dressing. A drag queen is someone (usually male) who performs femininely and a drag king is someone (usually female) who performs masculinely. Performances often involve comedy, music, social satire, and at times political commentary. The term may be used as a noun as in the expression in drag or as an adjective as in drag show.
Marc Jaffe
Marc Jaffe (November 6, 1921 – December 31, 2023) was an American editor. He was the editorial director of Bantam Books and Ballantine Books and the founder of Villard Books.

The extensive and varied list of books Jaffe edited or acquired for publication includes The Catcher in the Rye, Jaws, The Exorcist, Man's Search for Meaning, Lewis and Clark Through Indian Eyes, the John Ciardi translation of Dante's Inferno, Shane and China Gate.

Inferno (Dante)
Inferno (Italian: [iɱˈfɛrno]; Italian for 'Hell') is the first part of the Italian writer Dante Alighieri's 14th-century narrative poem The Divine Comedy, followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Inferno describes the journey of a fictionalised version of Dante himself through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is depicted as nine concentric circles of torment located within the Earth; it is the "realm [...] of those who have rejected spiritual values by yielding to bestial appetites or violence, or by perverting their human intellect to fraud or malice against their fellowmen". As an allegory, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul toward God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin.
Front National des Musiciens
Known by several names, including 'Comité de Front national des musiciens', the Front national des musiciens was an organisation of musicians in Nazi-occupied France that was part of the French Resistance set up at the instigation of the French Communist Party, in May 1941. Active until the autumn of 1944, the group's most prominent members were composers Elsa Barraine and Louis Durey, and conductor Roger Désormière.

Gaston Gallimard
Gaston Gallimard (French: [ɡalimaːʁ]; 18 January 1881 – 25 December 1975) was a French publisher.

He founded La Nouvelle Revue Française in 1908, together with André Gide and Jean Schlumberger.
In 1911 the trio established La Nouvelle Revue Française. In 1919, he created his own publishing house, named Librairie Gallimard, though he continued to work closely with the NRF. Éditions Gallimard is one of the leading French publishing houses.

In  World War II during the German occupation of Paris a "round-table" of French and German intellectuals met at the Georges V Hotel including Gallimard, the writers Ernst Jünger, Paul Morand, Jean Cocteau, and Henry Millon de Montherlant and the legal scholar Carl Schmitt.

Gallimard, in October 1932, founded the Marianne (magazine: 1932-40).
Matt Haney
Matthew Craig Haney (born April 17, 1982) is an American politician from San Francisco currently serving as a member of the California State Assembly from the 17th district, covering the eastern portion of the city. A progressive member of the Democratic Party, Haney had represented District 6 on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 2019 to 2022 and previously served as a commissioner on the San Francisco Board of Education from 2013 to 2019.

In 2022, Haney won a special election to the California State Assembly to succeed David Chiu, who became City Attorney of San Francisco. He placed first in the primary election and defeated former supervisor David Campos, a fellow Democrat, in a runoff. He was sworn in on May 3, 2022.

Dream.org
Dream.org (previously known as Dream Corps) is a non-profit organization founded by Van Jones. It was founded based on "reaching across political divides to bring justice, and environmental and technological change to underrepresented populations." The organization works through three programs – Green, Justice and Tech — to combat climate change, disrupt mass incarceration, and create economic opportunities in overlooked communities.
Campomarino
Campomarino (Arbërisht: Këmarini) is an Arbëreshë comune in the Province of Campobasso, in the Italian region of Molise, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Campobasso, and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southeast of Termoli.

The commune includes the seaside tourist resort of Campomarino Lido, just above the sea level, and the village of Campomarino, located on a hill behind it. Campomarino borders the following municipalities: Chieuti, Guglionesi, Portocannone, San Martino in Pensilis, Termoli.

Molise
Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay, US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay;Italian: [moˈliːze]) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 4,460.65 km2 (1,722 sq mi), thus being the second smallest region in the country after Aosta Valley; it is located in southern Italy, and has a population of 287,966 as of 2025. Its regional capital is Campobasso, which is also the capital of the Province of Campobasso, one of the two provinces that make up Molise. The other one is the Province of Isernia.

The region was born in 1963 from the division with Abruzzo, with which it formed the region of Abruzzi e Molise.

Molise's small size and relative obscurity led it to become the subject of a popular meme "Molise doesn't exist".
Joílson Júnior
Joílson de Brito Ramos Júnior (born 19 April 1998) is a Brazilian Greco-Roman wrestler. He is a seven-time medalist at the Pan American Wrestling Championships. He also won the gold medal in his event at the 2018 South American Games and silver at the 2023 Pan American Games.

Pan American Wrestling Championships
The Pan American Wrestling Championships is the continental wrestling championships for nations from North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. Three wrestling styles, recognized internationally by UWW, have been contested annually since the inception, namely: Greco-Roman, freestyle and sambo wrestling. Since 1997, women's freestyle has also been contested along with the mentioned wrestling styles.
Vasil Spasov (chess player)
Vasil Spasov (sometimes spelled Spassov; Bulgarian: Васил Спасов; born 17 February 1971 in Varna) is a Bulgarian chess grandmaster. He won the World Junior Chess Championship in 1989, and the Bulgarian championship five times, in 1990, 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2008. Spasov also won the Balkan Individual Championship in 2001.

He played for the Bulgarian national team in eight Chess Olympiads (1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004 and 2006) and in four European Team Chess Championships (1992, 2001, 2003 and 2005).

European Team Chess Championship
The European Team Championship (often abbreviated in texts and games databases as ETC) is an international team chess event, eligible for the participation of European nations whose chess federations are located in zones 1.1 to 1.9. This more or less accords with the wider definition of Europe used in other events such as the Eurovision Song Contest and includes Israel, Russia and the former Soviet States. The competition is run under the auspices of the European Chess Union (ECU).
1944–45 in Belgian football
The national football competitions in Belgium were stopped during the 1944–45 season due to World War II. RSC Anderlechtois was the leader of the Premier Division when it was stopped however not all teams had played the same number of matches Also, 4 clubs did not participate to that season: the title holders R Antwerp FC, R Beerschot AC, K Liersche SK and R Berchem Sport. The Belgium national football team played their first official match since 1940 on the 1944 Christmas Eve.

Royal Antwerp F.C.
Royal Antwerp Football Club (commonly referred to as Royal Antwerp or simply Antwerp) is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Antwerp. They compete in the Belgian Pro League, the top flight of Belgian football. Founded in 1880, Royal Antwerp is considered to be the oldest football club in Belgium.

The team has won the Belgian league title five times and the Belgian Cup four times, including a domestic double in 2022–23. In European competitions, it reached the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1992–93 and qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the first time in 2023.

The club's home colours are red and white and, since 1923, they have played their home games at Bosuilstadion in the Deurne district of Antwerp.
1997 Swedish Touring Car Championship
The 1997 Swedish Touring Car Championship season was the 2nd season of the championship. It was decided over six race weekends (comprising twelve races) at six different circuits.

Jan Nilsson won the second championship of the STCC.

It was two-time DTM champion Mattias Ekström's touring car debut year driving a black Volvo 850 GLT.

Jan Nilsson
Jan Stefan Sören "Flash" Nilsson (born 15 December 1960) is a Swedish former race car driver. He is most famous for his appearance in the Swedish Touring Car Championship, having driven full season in 15 seasons and for being the third most victorious driver (two championship wins and 35 race wins).
Kostiantyn Sabov
Catholicism portal

Kostiantyn Sabov (Ukrainian: Костянтин Сабов; 4 January 1926 – 18 November 1982) was a Ruthenian Greek Catholic clandestine hierarch. He was an auxiliary bishop of the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve from 1977 to 1982.

Born in Simerky, Czechoslovakia (present day – Ukraine) in 1926,  he was clandestinely ordained a priest on 7 November 1956 by Bishop Alexander Chira for the Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Mukacheve. He never served openly as priest, because the Communist regime abolished the Greek-Catholic Church. On 16 July 1977 was consecrated to the Episcopate as auxiliary bishop. The principal and single consecrator was clandestine bishop Alexander Chira.

He died on 18 November 1982.

Episcopal polity
An episcopal polity, also known as episcopalianism, is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term *ebiscopus/*biscopus, from Ancient Greek  ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos) 'overseer'. It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anabaptist, Lutheran, and Anglican churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Many Methodist denominations have a form of episcopal polity known as connexionalism.
CSC Jinling
CSC Jinling Shipyard is a Chinese shipbuilding firm founded in 1952, and a subsidiary of the state owned China Merchants Industry, based in Nanjing in Jiangsu Province.

The yard reached preliminary agreement to build the Titanic II, a replica of the original Titanic, the plan of which is now apparently  ‘almost done with production’ - although no real evidence of such production actually exists.

Nanjing Jinling Shipyard's Nanjing (330,000 m2 (82 acres)) and Yizheng (900,000 m2 (220 acres)) yards spread along 3.25 km (2.02 mi) of shoreline and build cargo ships, floating docks, submarines, etc. Exports started in 1996, since when Jinling has exported about 200 vessels to over 20, or 30 countries. Over 900 staff are employed, including over 300 senior and medium-grade engineers. There are dry docks of 100,000 DWT and 200,000 DWT, 8 50,000 DWT slipways, 3 fitting-out piers and 9 heavy lifting cranes with capacities of 500, 300 and 150 tons. Annual production can be up to 1,900,000 DWT.

Fitting out
Fitting out, or outfitting, is the process in shipbuilding that follows the float-out/launching of a vessel and precedes sea trials. It is the period when all the remaining construction of the ship is completed and readied for delivery to her owners. Since most of the fitting-out process is interior work, this stage can overlap with latter stages, such as the sea trials.
Marquess of Baides
The title Marquess of Baides (Spanish: Marqués de Baides) is a 17th-century Spanish hereditary title bestowed upon Francisco López de Zúñiga on 20 September 1621 by King Philip IV of Spain.

The López de Zúñiga (or Zúñiga) family were Lords of Baides, in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. There Diego López de Zúñiga, established in 1428 a primogeniture (Spanish: Mayorazgo) over the estate and the surrounding lands. One of his descendants, Francisco López de Zúñiga y de la Cerda, Lord of Baides, was granted the elevation of his title to Marquess in the nobility of Castille by King Philip IV, on 20 September 1621.

Don Francisco López de Zúñiga y Meneses, the second Marquess, was Royal Governor of Chile between 1639 and 1646. He was accused of allowing corruption to flourish, to let his position go unattended and of using it to enrich himself. He died fighting against the English on his return to Spain.

Province of Guadalajara
The Province of Guadalajara (Spanish: Provincia de Guadalajara, /ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːrə/ GWAH-də-lə-HAR-ə, Spanish: [ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa] ⓘ) is a province of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha in Spain. It has a population of 280,225 in an area of 12,168.41 square kilometres (4,698.25 sq mi) across its 288 municipalities.
Digisalapa
Digisalapa is a small village in the district of Nabarangpur in Odisha, India. It has a population of approximately 2,000 who are largely dependent on agriculture. The Siba Prasad High School is here.

The history of this place can be traced back to 16th century. The people of this village are largely dependent on agriculture as it is surrounded by highly fertile land. The main agricultural products are paddy, maize and sugar cane

Nabarangpur district
Nabarangpur district, also known as Nabarangapur district or Nowrangpur district, is a district of Odisha, India. The city of Nabarangpur is the district capital. Most of its population is tribal and the land is heavily forested. It borders Kalahandi and Koraput districts. Nabarangpur district is situated at 19.14′ latitude and 82.32′ longitude at an average elevation of 572 metres (1,877 ft).
Norhasikin Amin
Norhasikin Amin (born c. 1975) is a Malaysian badminton player. She was part of the national team that won the women's team silver medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games. Amin had collected five medals at the Southeast Asian Games, a silver in the mixed doubles event in 1999, a bronze in the women's doubles in 2001, also another three bronzes in the women's team in 1997, 1999 and 2001.

Badminton at the 1999 SEA Games
A badminton tournament was held at the  1999 SEA Games in Hassanal Bolkiah Sports Complex, Bandar Seri Begawan from 8 to 14 August 1999. Both men and women competed in their own team, singles, and doubles events and together they competed in a mixed doubles event.
Maclear, South Africa
Maclear, officially Nqanqarhu, is a small town situated in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, near the Mooi River (a tributary of the Tsitsa River), 172 km (107 mi) north of East London and 80 km (50 mi) northeast of Elliot.

It lies just north-east of Ugie. The land to the east and south was part of the former homeland of Transkei.

The Eastern Grasslands landscape around Nqanqarhu includes sustainable grazing and wool value-chain initiatives involving Conservation South Africa.

East London, South Africa
East London (Xhosa: eMonti; Afrikaans: Oos-Londen), officially KuGompo City since February 2026, is a city on the southeastern coast of South Africa, in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast, largely between the Buffalo River and the Nahoon River, and hosts the country's only river port. As of 2011, East London had a population of over 267,000 with over 755,000 in the surrounding metropolitan area.
McLaren M22
The McLaren M22 is an open-wheel race car, designed and developed by McLaren, to compete in Formula 5000 racing in 1972. Like it predecessors, The McLaren M22 was manufactured in large numbers. Built close to the weight limit, it was very light and was powered by a 500+ hp Chevrolet V8 engine. The cars were not actually manufactured by McLaren itself, but by the British racing car manufacturer Trojan, as with previous models. This would turn out to be the last Trojan-built McLaren F5000 car.

Formula 5000
Formula 5000 (or F5000) was an open wheel, single seater auto-racing formula that ran in different series in various regions around the world from 1968 to 1982. It was originally intended as a low-cost series aimed at open-wheel racing cars that no longer fit into any particular formula. The '5000' denomination comes from the maximum 5.0 litre engine capacity allowed in the cars, although many cars ran with smaller engines. Manufacturers included McLaren, Eagle, March, Lola, Lotus, Elfin, Matich and Chevron.

In its declining years in North America Formula 5000 was re-booted as the Can-Am series with cars being modified into closed wheel, but still single-seat sports car category.