hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Toratau
Toratau (Bashkir: Торатау, romanized: Turatav — «fortress mountain») - one of the four shihans, located in Ishimbaysky District, Bashkortostan, Russia, on the border with the city Sterlitamak. The remainder of the reef, the Lower Permian (Late Paleozoic) reef massif, formed over 230 million years ago in the tropical sea.

This natural monument may be destroyed by The Bashkir soda company and Russian authorities.

Sterlitamak
Sterlitamak (Russian: Стерлитама́к, IPA: [stʲɪrlʲɪtɐˈmak]; Bashkir: Стәрлетамаҡ, romanized: Stärletamaq; Bashkir pronunciation: [stær.ˌlɪ̞.tɑ.ˈmɑq] pronunciationⓘ) is the second largest city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Belaya River (a tributary of the Kama River), 121 kilometers (75 mi) from Ufa. The city's name comes from the Bashkir language and literally means "mouth of the Sterlya river". According to data released by Bashstat, Sterlitamak had a population of 277,410 at the time of the census. The permanent population
of Sterlitamak as of January 1, 2023 was 279,174 people.
Kåre Valebrokk
Kåre Valebrokk (17 December 1940 – 9 February 2013) was a Norwegian journalist and television executive. He was editor-in-chief and administrative director of TV 2 from October 1999 until June 2007, when he retired. He was the father of economist and editor Per Valebrokk.

Valebrokk started his media career as a journalist in Morgenbladet from 1962 to 1968, and was later a journalist in Verdens Gang from 1979 to 1985. In 1985, Valebrokk was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper Dagens Næringsliv, a position he held until he joined TV 2 in 1999. From 1989 he was also the CEO of Norges Handels- og Sjøfartstidende AS, the company that published the newspaper.  He has advocated libertarian views, like flat tax.

After his retirement from TV 2, Valebrokk wrote a weekly column for Aftenposten, and, among other tasks, was chairman of the Bergen Art Museum.

According to his son, Valebrokk died in his sleep on 9 February 2013. He was 72 years old.

Verdens Gang
Verdens Gang (lit. 'The course of the world'), generally known under the abbreviation VG, is a Norwegian tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, declining from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. Nevertheless, VG is the most-read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers.

Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA.
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt
Kathleen Marie Eisenhardt (born 1947) is the Stanford W. Ascherman, M.D. Professor and co-director of the Stanford Technology Ventures Program at Stanford University. She is also a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, having been elected in 2016. In 2012 she was the recipient of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research.

Eisenhardt is best known for the Eisenhardt Method, which aims to build theory from case comparisons.

Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
The Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research is an international award that recognizes outstanding contributions to the field of entrepreneurship research. Established in 1996, it aims to promote the advancement of knowledge in entrepreneurship and to encourage research efforts in the field.
Lithothelium quadrisporum
Lithothelium quadrisporum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Found in Thailand, it was formally described as a new species in 2006 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected on the Doi Chiang Dao mountain (Chiang Mai Province) at an altitude of 1,600 m (5,200 ft). Here, in a sheltered secondary rainforest, the thin pale green to brownish thallus of the lichen was found growing on the bark of a tree trunk. The specific name refers to the asci, which are the only consistently four-spored asci in genus Lithothelium.

Pyrenulaceae
The Pyrenulaceae are a family of mostly lichenized fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, where they grow with green algae on bark.
Şeyma Nur Emeksiz Bacaksız
Şeyma Nur Emeksiz Bacaksız (born 31 March 1993) is a Turkish Para Taekwondo practitioner. She obtained a quota for participation at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the women's +58 kg event.

Turkey at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Turkey competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan from 24 August to 5 September 2021. This was the country's seventh appearance in the past eight Games despite their absence in the 1996 Summer Paralympics.
André Rousselet
André Rousselet (1 October 1922 – 29 May 2016) was a French businessman and the founder of Canal Plus, a French premium cable television channel launched in 1984. He also founded the number one taxi company in Paris called Taxis G7. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1967 to 1968 for Haute-Garonne's 1st constituency from the Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left and was a close friend to the late French ex-president François Mitterrand. He was also the father of film producer, Philippe Rousselet.

Philippe Rousselet
Philippe Rousselet (born 7 July 1968) is a French film producer. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture for the 2021 American film CODA, a remake of the 2014 French film La Famille Bélier, which he had also produced.
Bolshoye Yuryevo
Bolshoye Yuryevo (Russian: Большо́е Ю́рьево) is a rural locality (a village) in Kovarditskoye Rural Settlement, Muromsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 21 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Benjamin Verdery
Benjamin Verdery (born 1955) is an American classical guitarist, composer and teacher. Verdery has performed at venues including Carnegie Hall, Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), Lincoln Center, the Metropolitan Opera, and Wigmore Hall (London). He has played and recorded with a wide range of classical and other musicians, including guitarists William Coulter, Leo Kottke, Paco Peña, Andy Summers and John Williams, vocalist Hermann Prey, composer Anthony Newman, and his wife, flutist Rie Schmidt. New York Times classical music critic Allan Kozinn described Verdery as "one of the guitar’s grand individualists" and "an iconoclastic player," known as much for his devotion to new music and transcriptions of Jimi Hendrix songs as for inventive interpretations of Bach. As of 2021, Verdery had released 19 albums and been featured on several others. He has taught at the Yale School of Music since 1985.

Yale School of Music
The Yale School of Music (often abbreviated to YSM) is one of the 12 professional schools at Yale University. It offers three graduate degrees: Master of Music (MM), Master of Musical Arts (MMA), and Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), as well as a joint Bachelor of Arts—Master of Music program in conjunction with Yale College, a Certificate in Performance, and an artist diploma.

Yale is the only Ivy League school with a dedicated School of Music; the university also has a separate Department of Music in the Division of Humanities of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The School of Music originated in 1855 with a gift of $5,000 from Joseph Battell and conferred its first degrees in 1894; it has a separate endowment, and as a result of a 2005 gift waives tuition and gives students maintenance grants.

José García-León, formerly dean of academic affairs and assessment at Juilliard, succeeded Robert Blocker as dean of the Yale School of Music in fall 2023.
Pietro Gabrini
Pietro Gabrini (1856-1926) was an Italian painter known for his landscapes, still lifes, and portraits. He was born in Rome and studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome, where he was a pupil of the painter Domenico Morelli.

Domenico Morelli
Domenico Morelli (4 August 1823 – 13 August 1901) was an Italian painter, who mainly produced historical and religious works. Morelli was immensely influential in the arts of the second half of the 19th century, both as director of the Accademia di Belle Arti in Naples, but also because of his rebelliousness against institutions: traits that flourished into the passionate, often patriotic, Romantic and later Symbolist subjects of his canvases. Morelli was the teacher of Vincenzo Petrocelli, Ulisse Caputo, and Anselmo Gianfanti.
Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design
The Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design (HfG) is a state art college founded in 1992 in Karlsruhe, Germany. It focuses on media art, communication design, product design, exhibition design and scenography, art research, and media philosophy, with a strong interdisciplinarity between the departments. The university has about 400 students.

Scenography
Scenography is the practice of crafting stage environments or atmospheres. In the contemporary English usage, scenography can be defined as the combination of technological and material stagecrafts to represent, enact, and produce a sense of place in performance.

While inclusive of the techniques of scenic design and set design, scenography is a holistic approach to the study and practice of all aspects of design in performance. It also includes the design of lighting, sound, and costumes.
Hanns Dieter Hüsch
Hanns Dieter Hüsch (6 May 1925, in Moers – 6 December 2005, in Windeck-Werfen) was a German author, cabaret artist, actor, songwriter and radio commentator.

With a working life of more than 53 years on the German cabaret stage and 70 of his own programmes, he was one of the most productive and successful representatives of literary cabaret in Germany in the 20th century.

Westdeutscher Rundfunk
Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (pronounced [ˈvɛstˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk ˈkœln]; "West German Broadcasting Cologne"), shortened to WDR (pronounced [ˌveːdeːˈʔɛʁ] ⓘ), is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel Das Erste, WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.
City of Glass (Stan Kenton album)
City of Glass, an album originally issued as a 10" LP by Stan Kenton, consists entirely of the music of Bob Graettinger. The original album has been reconstituted in different LP re-issues, and the entire set of Kenton/Graettinger Capitol Records sessions is on the digital CD City of Glass.

Buddy Childers
Marion "Buddy" Childers (February 12, 1926 – May 24, 2007) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer and ensemble leader. Childers became famous in 1942 at the age of 16, when Stan Kenton hired him to be the lead trumpet in his band.
Manzanita, Bainbridge Island, Washington
Manzanita is a community of Bainbridge Island, Washington.  It is located on the waterfront on the west side of the island along Manzanita Road NE and the east shore of Manzanita Bay, including Little Manzanita Bay.

A 1908 home on the north shore of Little Manzanita Bay was owned at different times by the sons of George Westinghouse and Charles Lindbergh.

Bainbridge Island, Washington
Bainbridge Island is a city and island in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. It is located in Puget Sound. The population was 24,825 at the 2020 census, making Bainbridge Island the second largest city in Kitsap County. The city limits encompass the entire island.

The island is separated from the Kitsap Peninsula by Port Orchard, with Bremerton lying to the southwest. Bainbridge Island is a suburb of Seattle, connected to downtown via a Washington State Ferries route. Road access is provided by State Route 305, which uses the Agate Pass Bridge, and continues to Poulsbo and the Suquamish Indian Reservation.
Puercan
The Puercan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American  faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), spanning the interval from 66,000,000 to 63,300,000 years BP lasting 2.7 million years.

It is usually considered to be within the Paleocene.

The Puercan directly follows the Lancian NALMA, with the K-Pg boundary and K-Pg mass extinction at 66 MYA representing the boundary between the two. The Puercan is followed by the Torrejonian NALMA stage.

Puercan age fossils, from the Great Divide Basin, Wyoming, include three newly identified condylarth members of the Periptychidae; Miniconus jeanninae, Conacodon hettingeri, Beornus honeyi

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Trams in Budapest
The tram network of Budapest is part of the mass transit system of Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. Tram lines serve as the second-most important backbone of the transit system after the bus network, carrying almost 100 million more passengers annually than the Budapest Metro. In operation since 1866, the Budapest tram network is among the world's largest tram networks by route length—operating on 174 kilometres (108 mi) of total route—and is the busiest in the world.

As of 2023, the tram network is made up of 35 regular lines (26 main lines and 9 supplemental lines) and the Budapest Cog-wheel Railway (signed as route 60). The system is operated by Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt. under the supervision of the municipal Budapesti Közlekedési Központ. Since 2016, the system uses the world's longest 9-sectioned articulated tram vehicle, the CAF Urbos 3/9, on route 1.

Budapest Nyugati station
Budapest Nyugati station (Hungarian: Nyugati pályaudvar, pronounced [ˈɲuɡɒti ˈpaːjɒudvɒr]; lit. 'western railway station'), generally referred to simply as Nyugati, is one of the three main railway terminals in Budapest, Hungary. The station is on the Pest side of Budapest, accessible by the 4 and 6 tramline and the M3 metro line.
Mountain Mission, West Virginia
Mountain Mission is an unincorporated community on Charles Town Road (West Virginia Route 115) in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. Mountain Mission lies between the Shenandoah River and the community of Mannings.

Shenandoah River
The Shenandoah River /ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/ is the principal tributary of the Potomac River, 55.6 miles (89.5 km) long with two forks approximately 100 miles (160 km) long each, in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia. The river and its tributaries drain the central and lower Shenandoah Valley and the Page Valley in the Appalachians on the west side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, in northwestern Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia. There is a hydroelectric plant along the Shenandoah River constructed in 2014 by Dominion.
Kempten railway station (Switzerland)
Kempten is a railway station in the municipality of Wetzikon in the Oberland region of the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. The station takes its name from the nearby village of Kempten. It is located on the Effretikon to Hinwil railway line, within fare zone 132 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

Zürcher Verkehrsverbund
The Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), lit. 'Zurich Transport Network' is the largest public transportation network in Switzerland. It covers the canton of Zurich and adjacent areas. All modes of public transportation (rail, light rail, bus, trolleybus, lake passenger liner, funicular, an aerial tram) within a chosen number of fare zones can be used freely with a ticket that is valid for a certain amount of time (e.g., 1 hour, 24 hours) or with monthly/annual subscriptions.
Broxbourne Woods
Broxbourne Woods are a 239.1 hectare National Nature Reserve west of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire. The site is Hertfordshire's only National Nature Reserve, and is also a Special Area of Conservation. It covers Hoddesdonpark Wood, Wormley Wood, Broxbourne Wood and Bencroft Wood. Bencroft and Broxbourne are owned by Hertfordshire County Council, and Hoddesdonpark and Wormley Woods by the Woodland Trust. They are all in Sites of Special Scientific Interest; Wormley Wood and Bencroft Wood form almost all of Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood South, and Hoddesdonpark Wood and Broxbourne Wood are part of Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood North.

The site is a large area of sessile oak and hornbeam woodland with diverse wildlife Flowers include bluebells, and invertebrates the rare purple emperor butterfly.

There is access to Hoddesdonpark Wood from Lord Street, to Broxbourne Wood from Pembridge Lane, and to Wormley and Bencroft Woods from White Stubbs Lane.

Hertfordshire County Council
Hertfordshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Hertfordshire, in England. The council was created in 1889. It is responsible for a wide range of public services in the county, including social care, transport, education, and the Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service. The Liberal Democrats have held a plurality of the seats on the council since May 2025, and currently run the council as a minority administration. The council meets and has its main offices at Robertson House in Stevenage.
Mustafa Uğurlu
Mustafa Uğurlu (born 25 November 1955) is a Turkish stage, film and television actor.

Mustafa Uğurlu's father was a health officer and his mother was a housewife from Çorum. His father was appointed to Bursa when he was 2–3 years old and they moved there from Konya. He completed his primary, secondary and high school education in Bursa. He had four siblings, one of which, Ahmet Uğurlu, is also an actor. Uğurlu made his television debut in 1993 with a role in the series Rıza Beyler. His breakthrough came in 1998, with his role in the movie Ağır Roman, for which he won a Golden Orange Award for Best Supporting Actor. He continued his career in cinema and television, and appeared on stage and directed a number of plays for state theatres.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Georget
Georget is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Émile Georget (1881–1960), French road racing cyclist, brother of Léon

Étienne-Jean Georget (1795–1828), French psychiatrist

Léon Georget (1879–1949), French road racing cyclist, brother of Émile

Philippe Georget (b. 1962), French author of crime novels

Philippe Georget
Philippe Georget is a French writer, the author of five crime novels. He was born on 8 August 1962 in Épinay-sur-Seine and lives in Perpignan. His books have won several prizes and three have been translated into English, starting with Summertime All the Cats Are Bored in 2013.
Ischnoderma
Ischnoderma is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Eduard Kokoity
Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty (Ossetian: Кокойты Джабейы фырт Эдуард, romanized: Kokojty Ĝabejy fyrt Edward; born 31 October 1964) is an Ossetian politician who served as the second president of South Ossetia of the partially recognized state of South Ossetia from 2001 to 2011.

Ossetian language
Ossetian (/ɒˈsɛtiən/ o-SET-ee-ən, /ɒˈsiːʃən/ o-SEE-shən, /oʊˈsiːʃən/ oh-SEE-shən), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.

The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia–Alania, while the southern half is part of the de facto country of South Ossetia (recognized by the United Nations as Russian-occupied territory that is de jure part of Georgia). Ossetian-speakers number about 614,350, with 451,000 recorded in Russia per the 2010 Russian census.

Despite Ossetian being the official languages of both North and South Ossetia, since 2009 UNESCO has listed Ossetian as "vulnerable".
Kuyaba
50°27′N 30°31′E﻿ / ﻿50.450°N 30.517°E﻿ / 50.450; 30.517
Kuyaba (Arabic: كويابة Kūyāba) was one of the three centers of the Rus or  Saqaliba (early East Slavs) described in a lost book by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (dating from ca. 920) and mentioned in works by some of his followers (Ibn Hawqal, Al-Istakhri, Hudud ul-'alam).
The two other centers were Slawiya (Arabic: صلاوية Ṣ(a)lāwiya) (tentatively identified with the land of Ilmen Slavs, see Rus' Khaganate) and Arthaniya (Arabic: ارثانية ’Arṯāniya) (not properly explained).

Soviet historians such as Boris Grekov and Boris Rybakov hypothesized that "Kuyaba" was a mispronunciation of "Kiev". They theorized that Kuyaba had been a union of Slavic tribes in the middle course of the Dnieper River centered on Kiev (now in Ukraine).

Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi (Persian: ابو زید احمد بن سهل بلخی) was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh, Greater Khorasan, he was a disciple of al-Kindi. He also founded the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. Al-Balkhi is believed to have been one of the earliest to diagnose that mental illness can have psychological and physiological causes and he was the first to typify four types of emotional disorders: fear and anxiety; anger and aggression; sadness and depression; and obsessions.