hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Godętowo
Godętowo [ɡɔdɛnˈtɔvɔ] (Kashubian: Gòjtowò; German: Goddentow) is a hamlet in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyce, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
York–Durham Heritage Railway
The York–Durham Heritage Railway was a heritage railway in both the York Region and the Durham Region of Ontario, Canada, north of Toronto.

The railway formerly operated excursion trains from Uxbridge. Trips had various travel times depending on the event or festival.

The railway ran on the tracks of the former Toronto and Nipissing Railway. Metrolinx owns the tracks to Uxbridge, but operated GO Transit commuter trains no further than Old Elm GO Station, the northern terminal of the Stouffville line.

YDHR began operations in 1996 as an all-volunteer run Heritage Association. During the late 2010s the organization changed business models to become a mix of volunteer and paid staff, lead by CEO John Perks. In 2022 the railway reported financial difficulties, and as of January 2024 has ceased all operations and filed for bankruptcy protection.

ALCO RS-3
The ALCO RS-3 is a 1,600 hp (1.2 MW), B-B diesel-electric locomotive manufactured from May 1950 to August 1956 by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and its subsidiary Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW). A total of 1,418 were produced: 1,272 for American railroads, 98 for Canadian railroads, 48 for Brazilian railroads, and 7 for Mexican railroads.

The RS-3 greatly resembled the earlier RS-2 and somewhat resembles the RS-1, but it had 100 more horsepower thanks to its 12-cylinder, 1,600 hp ALCO Model 244 engine. It also had some changes to the fuel system and body shape.

Much like the RS-1, many RS-3s served for decades; some are still in use as of 2022.
Werner Graebner
Werner Graebner (born 1953 in Radolfzell, West Germany) is a German Africanist, ethnomusicologist, music producer and author. Due to his recordings and publications on the music of Swahili culture, he is known as an expert on the popular musical cultures of East Africa. His work combines academic scholarship and music production, with editorial and creative roles in both written publications and musical releases.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Qiwlla Hirka
Qiwlla Hirka (Ancash Quechua qiwlla, qillwa, qiwiña gull, hirka mountain, "gull mountain", Hispanicized spelling Jeulla Jirca) is a mountain in the southern part of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) high. It is located in the Ancash Region, Recuay Province, Catac District. Qiwlla Hirka lies northeast of Qiwllarahu and Challwa, near Pastu Ruri.

The Pumapampa (Pachaqutu) River originates near the mountain. It is a right affluent of the Santa River.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Digital and Intelligence Service
The Digital and Intelligence Service (DIS) is the digital service branch of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) responsible for providing military intelligence to the armed forces, building up the country's digital defence capabilities, and protecting the psychological defence of its military personnel. It was established on 28 October 2022, in response to the increased number of attacks by non-state actors, and the damage resulting from Russo-Ukrainian cyberwarfare.

Proactive cyber defence
Proactive cyber defense means acting in anticipation to oppose an attack through cyber and cognitive domains. Proactive cyber defense can be understood as options between offensive and defensive measures. It includes interdicting, disrupting or deterring an attack or a threat's preparation to attack, either pre-emptively or in self-defence.

Proactive cyber defense differs from active defence, in that the former is pre-emptive (does not waiting for an attack to occur). Furthermore, active cyber defense differs from offensive cyber operations (OCO) in that the latter requires legislative exceptions to undertake. Hence, offensive cyber capabilities may be developed in collaboration with industry and facilitated by private sector; these operations are often led by nation-states.
Cromarty
Cromarty ( /ˈkrɒmərti/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Cromba, IPA: [ˈkʰɾɔumpə]) is a town, civil parish and former royal burgh in Ross and Cromarty, in the Highland area of Scotland. Situated at the tip of the Black Isle on the southern shore of the mouth of Cromarty Firth, it is 5 miles (8 km) seaward from Invergordon on the opposite coast. In the 2022 census, it had a population of 672.

Civil parishes in Scotland
Civil parishes are small divisions used for statistical purposes and formerly for local government in Scotland.

Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law. Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils.
Nord-Sel
Sel or Nord-Sel is a village in Sel Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the northern part of the municipality on the south shore of the Gudbrandsdalslågen river, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the town of Otta. The European route E6 highway runs past the village on the opposite side of the river, and there is a short bridge connecting the village to this highway. The Nord-Sel Church is located in the village, right along the river.

The 0.57-square-kilometre (140-acre) village had a population (2016) of 437 and a population density of 767 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,990/sq mi). Since 2016, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway (Norwegian: Statistisk sentralbyrå, abbreviated to SSB) is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.

With a staff of approximately 1,000, it publishes around 1,000 new statistical releases annually on its website in both Norwegian and English. Additionally, it offers a number of edited publications, all of which are available for free online.

As the central Norwegian office for official government statistics, Statistics Norway provides the public and government with extensive research and analysis activities. It is administratively placed under the Ministry of Finance but operates independently from all government agencies. Statistics Norway has a board appointed by the government. It relies extensively on data from registers, but are also collecting data from surveys and questionnaires, including from cities and municipalities.
Sir Henry North, 1st Baronet
Sir Henry North, 1st Baronet (c 1609 – 29 August 1671) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1656 and 1671.

North was the son of Sir Roger North of Mildenhall and his wife, Elizabeth Gilbert, daughter of Sir John Gilbert of Great Finborow, Suffolk.

In 1656, North was elected Member of Parliament for Suffolk in the Second Protectorate Parliament.

In 1660, North was elected MP for Suffolk in the Convention Parliament.  He was created baronet of Mildenhall on 14 June 1660. He was re-elected MP for Suffolk in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1671. In 1664 he was Colonel of a foot regiment of the Suffolk Militia.

North married Sarah Rayney, daughter of John Rayney of West Malling, Kent. He was succeeded by his son Henry. His daughter Peregrina married William Hanmer and was the mother of Sir Thomas Hanmer, 4th Baronet, Speaker of the House of Commons.

Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an Other House with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
Richard Frierson
Richard Frierson (born July 9, 1978), known professionally as Younglord, is an American record producer and entrepreneur. He was an early member of The Hitmen, the in-house production team for Puff Daddy's Bad Boy Records, contributing to albums including No Way Out (1997) by Puff Daddy and Harlem World (1997) by Mase, both of which reached number one on the Billboard 200. In the later years, he founded the music licensing company License to Rock. In 2025, Frierson expanded into business consulting and executive coaching with the launch of Unstuck Global.

The Lox
The Lox (stylized The LOX or The L.O.X.) is an American hip hop trio composed of rappers Sheek Louch, Styles P and Jadakiss. Each hailing from Yonkers, New York, the group formed in 1994 and signed with  Puff Daddy's Bad Boy Records two years later to release their debut studio album, Money, Power & Respect (1998). Despite critical and commercial success, the group parted ways with the label in favor of Ruff Ryders Entertainment in 1999, through which they released their similarly successful follow-up, We Are the Streets (2000).
Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)
Alexandra "Alex" Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario in the American television series Pretty Little Liars. Officially introduced in the series finale, Alex Drake is both the identical twin of main character Spencer Hastings and the previously anonymous identity known as "A.D."

In childhood, Drake was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her, forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages. Because of this, Alex would frequently impersonate Spencer in adulthood due to jealousy over her happier upbringing.

Alex Drake is considered the deadliest antagonist of the series. As "A.D.", she blackmailed, stalked and tortured the main characters in an attempt to discover Charlotte Drake's murderer.

The character's twin storyline pays tribute to Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis, characters of the Pretty Little Liars book series.

Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists
Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an American mystery television series created by I. Marlene King. The series is the third television series on the franchise. The series is loosely based on the 2014 novel The Perfectionists by Sara Shepard, but serves as a spin-off and standalone-sequel to Pretty Little Liars. The show premiered on Freeform on March 20, 2019 and concluded on May 22, 2019.

The series features Sofia Carson as Ava Jalali, Sydney Park as Caitlin Park-Lewis, and Eli Brown as Dylan Walker. Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish reprise their roles from the original series as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal.

In September 2019, the series was canceled after one season.
Appliance recycling
Appliance recycling is the process of dismantling scrapped home appliances to recover their parts or materials for reuse. Recycling appliances for their original or other purposes, involves disassembly, removal of hazardous components and destruction of the equipment to recover materials, generally by shredding, sorting and grading. The rate at which appliances are discarded has increased due in part to obsolescence due to technological advancement, and in part to not being designed to be repairable. The main types of appliances that are recycled are televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and computers. When appliances are recycled, they can be looked upon as a valuable resources; if disposed of improperly, they can be environmentally harmful and poison ecosystems.

The strength of appliance recycling legislation and the percentage of appliances recycled varies around the world.

Product lifecycle
In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the engineering, design, and manufacture, as well as the service and disposal of manufactured products. PLM integrates people, data, processes, and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprises.
England women's cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 2007–08
The English women's cricket team toured Australia and New Zealand between January and March 2008. In Australia, they were defending the Women's Ashes. The sides won two ODIs each, while Australia won the T20 match. The only Test match played was won by England, who thus defended the Women's Ashes. In New Zealand, the two teams played a five-match ODI series, which was won by England, 3–1.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
Memot Circular Earthworks
The sites of the Memot Circular Earthworks are located mostly in discrete eastern Cambodia and border of Vietnam in spaces between lowlands and uplands through the Mekong delta. Each earthwork is a set of two circular embankments that surround an inner platform that is slightly curved. These sites have been studied systematically starting in the 1960s. Each site is unique to the archeological artifacts found there, and studies show that these sites were inhabited over thousands of years. The current landscape of the region may contribute to the underrepresentation of these earthworks in the field of archeology, as the majority of these sites are located in modern rubber tree plantations. Many of the Neolithic period and other prehistoric sites have yet to be studied, however, as political unrest in Cambodia has contributed to inconsistencies in archeological fieldwork.

Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. The approaches and methods used in field research vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct field research may simply observe animals interacting with their environments, whereas social scientists conducting field research may interview or observe people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures.

Field research involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories. Although the method generally is characterized as qualitative research, it may (and often does) include quantitative dimensions.
Wu Changshun
Wu Changshun (born January 1954) is the former police chief of the municipality of Tianjin, China. Wu is also an inventor, and has 35 patents and utility models to his credit. Wu spent 44 years working for the Tianjin Public Security Bureau (i.e. police force) and was the chief of the police force for some eleven years. Wu was dismissed from office in July 2014, and was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party in February 2015.

Public security bureau (China)
A public security bureau (PSB; Chinese: 公安局; pinyin: gōng'ānjú) of a city or county, or public security department (PSD; Chinese: 公安厅; pinyin: Gōng'āntīng) in a province or autonomous region of the People's Republic of China is a generic term for a police department.
Archie Taiaroa
Sir Archie John Te Atawhai Taiaroa KNZM (3 January 1937 – 21 September 2010) was a New Zealand Māori leader who affiliated to the Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Te Āti Haunui-a-Pāpārangi, Ngāti Apa and Ngāti Maru iwi. He chaired the Whanganui River Maori Trust Board and Te Ohu Kaimoana, the latter for five years. He lived for a long time at Taumarunui, where he was a borough councillor and deputy mayor.

Taiaroa was born at Tawatā (Tawhata), on the Whanganui River, about 40 kilometres by road south-west of Taumarunui. He had an older brother, Raymond Te Rumana (Lofty) Taiaroa. He attended Tawata School, St Patrick's Convent School in Taumarunui, Hato Paora College near Feilding and the University of Canterbury. He married Martha Turner, of a leading Ngāti Tūwharetoa family, in 1965 and they had a son, Te Hokowhitu-a-Rākeipoho Taiaroa, known as Rākeipoho Taiaroa.

He died of a stroke in Hamilton on 21 September 2010. He was buried at Poumaanu urupā (cemetery) at Tawatā.

Taumarunui
Taumarunui is a town in the King Country of the central North Island of New Zealand. It is on an alluvial plain set within rugged terrain on the upper reaches of the Whanganui River, 65 km south of Te Kūiti and 55 km west of Tūrangi. It is under the jurisdiction of Ruapehu District and Manawatū-Whanganui region.

It has a population of 4,940 as of June 2025, and is the largest centre for a considerable distance in any direction. It is on State Highway 4 and the North Island Main Trunk railway.
Grajera
Grajera is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 103 inhabitants.

The ill-fated Spanish bullfighter Víctor Barrio was born in Grajera.

Víctor Barrio
Víctor Barrio Hernanz (Spanish: [ˈbiktoɾ ˈβarjo eɾˈnanθ]; 29 May 1987 – 9 July 2016), known as Víctor Barrio, was a Spanish bullfighter who died at the age of 29 when he was gored in the chest by a bull named Lorenzo at the Teruel bullring.
Independent Testing Authority
An Independent Testing Authority (ITA) is a laboratory certified by the United States–based National Association of State Election Directors (NASED) to test voting systems to the Voting System Standards (VSS) or the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) in the process of certifying voting systems.  The Election Assistance Commission has taken over the responsibility for accrediting such laboratories and now uses the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program.  Under the EAC process, ITAs are now known as Voting System Testing Laboratories (VSTLs).

National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program
The National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP), administered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in USA, offers accreditation for testing and calibration laboratories across various fields. NVLAP evaluates laboratories' technical qualifications and compliance with standards like ISO/IEC 17025. The accreditation process includes application submission, an on-site assessment, proficiency testing, and addressing any identified nonconformities. NVLAP’s accreditation is recognized internationally, indicating a laboratory’s competence but not certifying its performance. NVLAP’s mission is to deliver high-quality accreditation services and promote global acceptance of accredited results.
Hunan Television
Hunan Television (Chinese: 湖南卫视; pinyin: Húnán Wèishì) is a Chinese provincial satellite television station based in Changsha, Hunan province. Launched on September 29, 1970 and often nicknamed the "mango channel" (Chinese: 芒果台, due to the station's current logo), it is currently China's second-most-watched television channel, second to China Central Television's CCTV-1, although Hunan TV has occasionally overtaken CCTV-1 in ratings.

Owned by Hunan Broadcasting System, Hunan TV's signal covers most of China, including Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.  It is also broadcast overseas as Hunan STV World in Japan, India, Nepal, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Tajikistan, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Fiji, Australia,  and parts of Africa, the Americas, and Europe. The channel has broadcast in high-definition since September 28, 2009. The appearance of its logo has resulted in the nickname of Mango TV.

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.