hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tomo Virk
Tomo Virk (born 31 May 1960) is a Slovene literary historian and essayist.

Virk was born in Ljubljana in 1960. He studied Comparative literature and German language at the University of Ljubljana and works as a lecturer at the University. He was head of the Jury for the Kresnik Award between 2004 and 2007. In 1996 he received the Rožanc Award for his book of literary essays Ujetniki bolečine (Prisoners of Pain).

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Chakiwara
Chakiwara  (Urdu: چاکیواڑا) is a neighbourhood locality in Lyari, located in the Karachi South district of Karachi, Pakistan. The area gets its name from the Chakee, a community of Gujarati Muslims.

Chakiwara is home mainly to the Balochs, and other Gujarati Muslims such as the Ghanchi, Chhipa and Kachchi. There are also small groups of Sindhis and Pakhtoons. The majority of people living in this area are Balochs.

The main market "Jhat Phat market" of Lyari town is located here in chakiwara.

Chhipi
Chhipi (alternatively called Chhimpa/Chhipa/Chimpa) is  a caste of people with ancestral roots tracing back to India. These people are basically Rajputs and used to wear Kshatriya attire. These people were skilled in the art of war, Later people of this caste started doing printing work. They are found in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh  hyderabad telengana, of India.
Ila al-Amam (Iraq)
Ila al-Amam (Arabic: إلى الأمام, 'Forward') was a communist group in Iraq, known by the publication it issued under that name. The group publishing Ila al-Amam had been expelled from the Iraqi Communist Party in August 1942, after which they founded Ila al-Amam. The main leaders of the group were Thunun Ayub ('Qadir') and Yaqub Cohen ('Fadil'). Inside the Communist Party, Ayub had been a Central Committee member but had developed personal differences with the Communist Party general secretary Fahd.

The Ila al-Amam suffered heavily from state repression. In September 1944 the Ila al-Amam group merged with the Shararah group, forming the Wahdat an-Nidal.

Sanaa Governorate
Sanaa (Arabic: صَنْعَاء Ṣanʿāʾ), also spelled San'a' or Sana, is a governorate of Yemen. The capital is Sanaa, which is also the national capital. However, the city of Sanaa is not part of the governorate but instead forms the separate governorate of Amanat Al-Asemah. The Governorate covers an area of 13,850 km2 (5,350 sq mi). As of 2004, the population was 2,918,379 inhabitants. Within this place is Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb or Jabal Hadhur, the highest mountain in the nation and the Arabian Peninsula.
Redneck Woman
"Redneck Woman" is the debut single of American country music artist Gretchen Wilson, released on March 15, 2004, from her debut studio album, Here for the Party (2004). Wilson co-wrote the song with John Rich. It is Wilson's only number-one single on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song also reached number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100. Internationally, the song found modest success in Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, reaching number 50 on the Australian Singles Chart, number 45 on the Irish Singles Chart, and number 42 on the UK Singles Chart.

The song, which is considered Wilson's signature song, also earned a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance at the 47th Annual Grammy Awards in 2005. In June 2014, Rolling Stone ranked the song number 97 on the "100 Greatest Country Songs of All Time". In May 2024, Rolling Stone updated their rankings to include 200 songs, placing "Redneck Woman" at number 197.

Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance was first awarded in 1965, to Dottie West. The award has had several minor name changes:

From 1965 to 1967, the award was known as Best Country & Western Vocal Performance - Female

In 1968, it was awarded as Best Country & Western Solo Vocal Performance, Female

From 1969 to 1994, it was awarded as Best Country Vocal Performance, Female

From 1995 to 2011, it was awarded as Best Female Country Vocal Performance

The award was discontinued after the 2011 award season in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012 to the present, all solo performances (male, female and instrumental) in the country category are recognized in the newly formed Best Country Solo Performance category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
Lakeside Nature Reserve
Lakeside Nature Reserve is a small Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation in Church End, Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet.
Its main feature is a pond which was constructed in the late 1890s by Peter Edmund Kay as a reservoir to store rainwater for commercial greenhouses in the Claigmar Vineyard, a large market garden in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The pond has a fountain and plants fringing the shore include water mint, gypsywort and purple-loosestrife. Waterfowl nest on a small island, and dragonflies are present in the summer.

There is no public access but it can be viewed from a footpath off Strathmore Gardens.

Mentha aquatica
Mentha aquatica (water mint; syn. Mentha hirsuta Huds.) is a perennial flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae.  It grows in moist places and is native to much of Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia.
2025 Pan American Aquatics Championships
The 1st Pan American Aquatics Championships, organized by PanAm Aquatics, were held from May 13 to 25, 2025, in Medellín, Colombia, being the inaugural edition of the championships.

All events were held within the César Zapata Aquatic Complex, except the open water swimming events, which took place at the Peñol-Guatapé Reservoir. It served as a qualifying event for the 2025 World Aquatics Championships, the 2025 Junior Pan American Games, the World Aquatics Junior Swimming Championships and the World Aquatics U20 Water Polo Championships.

PanAm Aquatics
PanAm Aquatics or PAQ, (formerly Spanish: Unión Americana de Natación, English: Swimming Union of the Americas, popularly known by its acronym UANA or ASUA) is the swimming continental association for the Americas (i.e. it oversees international aquatics competition within North and South America).

ASUA was founded during the 1948 Olympics in London, United Kingdom.
Robert Dorgebray
Robert Dorgebray (16 October 1915 – 29 September 2005) was a French cyclist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal in the team road race event. He also rode in the 1947 and 1949 Tour de France.

Cycling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's team road race
The men's team road race cycling event at the 1936 Olympic Games took place on 10 August and was one of six events at the 1936 Olympics. It was competed as a 100 km massed start event in conjunction with the Men's individual road race. Teams had four riders and the team time taken as sum of the team's three best finishers. Only the first five teams across the line recorded a time, due to a failure with the timekeeping system.
Caciquism
Caciquism is a network of political power wielded by local leaders called "caciques", aimed at influencing electoral outcomes. It is a feature of some modern-day societies with incomplete democratization.

In historiography, journalism, and intellectual circles of the era, the term describes the political system of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874-1923). Joaquín Costa's influential essay Oligarchie et Caciquisme ("Oligarchy and Caciquism") in 1901 popularized the term. Nonetheless, caciquism was also prevalent in earlier periods in the country, particularly during the reign of Isabella II. It was also utilized in other systems, such as in Portugal during the Constitutional Monarchy (1820-1910) as well as in Argentina and Mexico during a similar time period.

Democratization
Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. The opposite process of democratic transition is known as democratic backsliding or autocratization. Whether and to what extent democratization occurs can be influenced by various factors, including economic development, historical legacies, civil society, and international processes. Some accounts of democratization emphasize how elites drove democratization, whereas other accounts emphasize grassroots bottom-up processes. How democratization occurs has also been used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows.
Astika (beer)
Astika is a Bulgarian beer brand made in the city of Haskovo (Bulgarian: Астика). The Astika Brewery was established in 1980, and in 1995 was bought by Kamenitza, itself currently owned by Molson Coors. It has two brands – Astika Light (originally Astika Lux) and Astika Dark (5.6%, sold in winter). As of 2012, Astika is sold in 600 ml bottles, with a pull-off top, as well as 500ml cans as of 2017 that are priced at 1.05 лв Bulgarian lev

Molson Coors
Molson Coors Beverage Company is a Canadian-American multinational drink and brewing company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and Montreal, Quebec.

Molson Coors was formed in 2005 through the merger of Molson of Canada and Coors of the United States.

In 2016, Molson Coors acquired Miller Brewing Company for approximately US$12 billion. The agreement made Molson Coors the world's third largest brewer.

Molson Coors is a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange and has been a constituent of the S&P 500 since 2005. Its Canadian division, Molson Coors Canada is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Charles Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax
Charles Lindley Wood, 2nd Viscount Halifax (7 June 1839 – 19 January 1934), was a British Anglo-Catholic ecumenist who served as president of the English Church Union from 1868 to 1919, and from 1927 to 1934. In 1886, he was a former part of Northern Regiment of West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry became a Deputy Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire, also one of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and a member of Houses of Laymen for York.

Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire
The post of Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire was created in 1660, at the Restoration. It was abolished on 31 March 1974, and replaced with the office of Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire. From 1782 until 1974, all Lords Lieutenant were also Custos Rotulorum of the North Riding of Yorkshire.
Ihtiman Municipality
42°25′59″N 23°49′1″E﻿ / ﻿42.43306°N 23.81694°E﻿ / 42.43306; 23.81694

Ihtiman Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Ихтиман) is a municipality in Sofia Province, western Bulgaria. Covering a territory of 541.8 km2, it is the third largest of the 22 municipalities in the province and takes 7.65% of its total area.

Sofia Province
42°40′N 23°40′E﻿ / ﻿42.667°N 23.667°E﻿ / 42.667; 23.667

Sofia Province (Bulgarian: Софийска област, romanized: Sofiyska oblast) is a province (oblast) of Bulgaria. The province does not include Sofia in its territories, but Sofia remains the seat of its administration. The province borders on the provinces of Pernik, Kyustendil, Blagoevgrad, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Lovech, Vratsa, Montana, and Sofia City (which is in a separate oblast, see Sofia Administration), and borders with Serbia to the northwest.
Gagatophorus tibialis
Gagatophorus tibialis is a weevil in the Amycterini tribe of the Curculionidae family, endemic to Western Australia.

The species  was first described by Eustace William Ferguson in 1914 as Macramycterus tibialis, from a specimen collected at Shark Bay, Western Australia, and was transferred to the genus, Gagatophorus, in 1993 by Elwood Curtin Zimmerman.

Elwood Zimmerman
Elwood Curtin Zimmerman AM (December 8, 1912 – June 18, 2004) was an American entomologist best known for his two multivolume series: Insects of Hawaii published by the University of Hawaiʻi Press  and Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) published by Australia's CSIRO.
Morne Diablotins
Morne Diablotin is the highest mountain in Dominica, an island-nation in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles. It is the second highest mountain in the Lesser Antilles, after La Grande Soufrière in Guadeloupe.  Morne Diablotin is located in the northern interior of the island, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of Dominica's capital Roseau and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of Portsmouth, the island's second-largest town. It is located within Morne Diablotin National Park.

The mountain is volcanic, and last erupted c. 30,000 years ago.  There are no known historical eruptions. The source of the Toulaman River lies in the mountain area.

Morne Diablotin shares its name with the local term for the rare black-capped petrel (Pterodroma hasitata).

Black-capped petrel
The black-capped petrel (Pterodroma hasitata), also known as the diablotín, is a small seabird native to the West Indies in the genus Pterodroma.  It is a long-winged petrel with a grey-brown back and wings, with a white nape and rump. Underparts are mainly white apart from a black cap (that in some individuals extends to cover the eye) and some dark underwing markings. It picks food items such as squid from the ocean surface.
Ajgaibinath Dham
Ajgaibinath Dham (also known as Ajgaivinath Dham) is an ancient Hindu temple located in Sultanganj, Bhagalpur district, Bihar, India. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple holds immense religious and historical significance. It is uniquely situated on a rock island in the Ganges River and serves as a major pilgrimage destination, especially during the Shravani Mela, when devotees collect holy water from the Ganges and carry it to Baidyanath Temple in Deoghar. The temple's name is derived from "Aj" (meaning invincible) and "Gaivinath" (a title of Shiva), and it is believed to be self-manifested.

Bhagalpur district
Bhagalpur district (/ˈbɑːɡəlpʊər/) is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar, located in the southeastern region, with its administrative headquarters in the city of Bhagalpur. It is one of the oldest districts of Bihar. It is a part of Bhagalpur Division.
Assassination Tango
Assassination Tango is a 2002 American crime thriller film written, produced, directed by, and starring Robert Duvall. Other actors include Rubén Blades, Kathy Baker and Duvall's Argentine wife, Luciana Pedraza. Francis Ford Coppola was one of the executive producers.

The film centers on the life of a hitman who travels to Argentina for a job, as well as his discovery of Argentine tango and his relationship with a woman living there. The film is considered a "labour of love" of Duvall, a self-confessed tango addict. Most of the film was shot in Buenos Aires, and some scenes at the beginning and end of the story were filmed in Coney Island, Brooklyn.

Contract killing
Contract killing, sometimes known as murder-for-hire, is a form of murder or assassination in which one party employs another party to extrajudicially kill a targeted person or people via an illegal agreement that involves some form of compensation, monetary or otherwise. An act of contract killing is also known colloquially as a hit, and the person performing the killing (i.e. the contract killer or "contractor") is known as the hitman or (as borrowed from Spanish) sicario.

Organized crime gangs and syndicates sometimes employ dedicated members or associates as contractors (each known as an enforcer) to perform targeted assassination, lynching, maiming or other acts of violence, typically for purposes such as turf war, feud, extortion or as a form of political violence to terrorize dissidents or to demoralize other groups.
Jane Woodhouse
Jane Woodhouse McLaughlin was an American advocate for mental health treatment and a state representative in the Colorado House of Representatives. She married cattle rancher and fellow representative Frederic T. McLaughlin of Basalt, Colorado February 20, 1960. She served as a guardian ad litem. She was a Democrat. Her husband, a Republican, switched party affiliation in 1988. She served in the Colorado House from 1957-1960 representing Denver County, Colorado.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
2009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike
The 2009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike (also known as the 2009 Toronto strike) was a legal strike action that was undertaken by the Toronto Civic Employees Union Local 416 and CUPE Local 79, two locals of the Canadian Union of Public Employees in the city of Toronto.

It involved approximately 24,000 city employees.

Canadian Union of Public Employees
The Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE; French: Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique [SCFP]) is a Canadian trade union serving the public sector – although it has in recent years organized workplaces in the non-profit and para-public sector as well. CUPE is the largest union in Canada, representing some 800,000 workers in health care, education, municipalities, libraries, universities, social services, public utilities, transportation, emergency services and airlines. Over 60 per cent of CUPE's members are women, and almost a third are part-time workers. CUPE is affiliated with the Canadian Labour Congress and is its greatest financial contributor.
Gérard Gaudron
Gérard Gaudron (26 May 1949 – 7 April 2024) was a French politician who was the mayor of Aulnay-sous-Bois between 2003 and 2008, and a member of the National Assembly of France between 2007 and 2012, where he represented the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and he was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Gaudron died on 7 April 2024, at the age of 74.

Aulnay-sous-Bois
Aulnay-sous-Bois (French pronunciation: [o(l)nɛ su bwɑ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the Île-de-France region in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 13.9 km (8.6 mi) from the Kilometre zero of France.

The commune has been awarded four flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
Ohayon
Ohayon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Almog Ohayon (born 1994), Israeli footballer

Amandine Ohayon, CEO of Pronovias, a wedding dress design business in Spain

Ayelet Ohayon (born 1974), three-time Olympian Israeli foil fencer

Haviv Ohayon (born 1998), Israeli footballer

Henry Ohayon (1934–2023), Israeli cyclist

Jonathan Ohayon (born 1972), athlete from Canada, grandson of writer Joseph Liss

Matan Ohayon, retired Israeli footballer

Michèle Ohayon (born 1968), film director, screenwriter and producer

Moshe Ohayon (born 1983), Israeli former professional football midfielder

Shimon Ohayon (born 1945), Israeli politician, professor at Bar-Ilan University

Yogev Ohayon (born 1987), Israeli professional basketball player

Ayelet Ohayon
Ayelet Ohayon (Hebrew: איילת אוחיון; born October 20, 1974) is a three-time Olympian Israeli foil fencer. She also won the silver medal at the 1993 Junior World Cup Championships, the gold medal at the 2000 European Championships, and a gold medal at the 2009 Maccabiah Games in women's team foil, as part of Team Israel.
Bryk (mountain)
Bryk (Russian: Брык), is a mesa, a butte in Andropovsky District, Stavropol Krai, Russia, a complex geological and geomorphological natural monument of regional significance. Since 2013, it has been included in the list of Protected areas of Russia of regional significance in Stavropol Krai.

Butte
In geomorphology, a butte (/bjuːt/ BEWT) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word butte comes from the French word butte (French: [byt]), meaning 'knoll' (of any size); its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the Southwest, where mesa (Spanish for 'table') is used for the larger landform.

Due to their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas. To differentiate the two landforms, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.
Miass (river)
The Miass (Bashkir: Мейәс, Meyäs) is a river on the eastern side of the Ural Mountains in Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Kurgan Oblast, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Iset, part of the Irtysh basin. It is 149 kilometres (93 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 13,700 square kilometres (5,300 sq mi). The cities Chelyabinsk and Miass are located on the river.

Irtysh
The Irtysh (/ɜːrˈtɪʃ, ˈɪərtɪʃ/) is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world.

The river's source lies in the Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern part of Xinjiang, China) close to the border with Mongolia.

The Irtysh's main tributaries include the Tobol, Demyanka and the Ishim. The Ob-Irtysh system forms a major drainage basin in Asia, encompassing most of Western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.
William F. Hickey Jr.
William F. Hickey Jr. (May 28, 1929 – July 21, 2016) was an American judge and politician.

Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Hickey graduated from Manhattan College in 1952 and Fordham University School of Law in 1955. He served in the Connecticut State Senate from 1960 to 1970 and was a Democrat. In 1963, Hickey also served as interim mayor of Stamford, Connecticut for three months. Hickey served as a Connecticut Superior Court judge and then an administrative judge. From 1979 to 2004, Hickey lived with his family in New Canaan, Connecticut. Hickey died at his home in Fairfield, Connecticut.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.