hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uniform topology
In mathematics, the uniform topology on a space may mean:

In functional analysis, it sometimes refers to a polar topology on a topological vector space.

In general topology, it is the topology carried by a uniform space.

In real analysis, it is the topology of uniform convergence.

Uniform space
In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties, such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence. Uniform spaces generalize metric spaces and topological groups, but the concept is designed to formulate the weakest axioms needed for most proofs in analysis.

In addition to the usual properties of a topological structure, in a uniform space one formalizes the notions of relative closeness and closeness of points.  In other words, ideas like "x is closer to a than y is to b" make sense in uniform spaces.  By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A,B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A (i.e., in the closure of A), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.
Manuel Aranda da Silva
Manuel Jorge Aranda da Silva, a national of Mozambique, is a former minister in the Mozambican Government, and a former senior United Nations official with a background in the World Food Programme.

In 2004, he was appointed to serve as United Nations Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator in the Sudan, thereby becoming the most senior United Nations official in the country, in charge of humanitarian aid and development besides the political Special Representative of the Secretary-General, a function then covered by Jan Pronk.

During his mandate, Mr. Aranda da Silva was notable for pushing forward the 2006 Darfur peace process, which he saw essential in light of humanitarian imperatives.

Although he maintained good relations with the Government of Sudan (and did not become persona non grata as happened to SRSG Jan Pronk), he was very outspoken, whenever the Government violated its agreements and commitments in terms of humanitarian access.

Persona non grata
In diplomacy, a persona non grata (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplomatic mission (including the removal of diplomatic immunity). A host country may declare any member of a diplomatic staff persona non grata at any time without any explanation.
Aspremont-Lynden
The House of Aspremont-Lynden is the name of an important Belgian noble family, which might have originated from the House of Lynden, part of the Dutch nobility. Due to their properties and intermarriages, the family also became part of the German nobility.

Belgian nobility
The Belgian nobility comprises Belgian individuals or families recognized as noble with or without a title of nobility in the Kingdom of Belgium. The Belgian constitution states that no specific privileges are attached to the nobility.
Skjær i sjøen
Skjær i sjøen (Obstacles) is a Norwegian romantic drama film from 1965 directed by Knut Andersen. The film is about an aging author that has retired to a deserted place in Southern Norway. He is divorced and burdened by his own problems. When his cheerful teenage daughter and two of her friends come to visit, the spark gradually returns to his life. The main roles are played by Henki Kolstad, Tone Danielsen, Solfrid Heier, and Kai Remlov. It is based on Arthur Omre's short story "Sensommer" (Indian Summer).

Southern Norway
Southern Norway (Norwegian: Sørlandet; lit. "The Southland") is the geographical region (landsdel) along the Skagerrak coast of southern Norway.  The region is an informal description since it does not have any governmental function.  It roughly corresponds to the old petty kingdom of Agder being coextensive with the county, as well as the two former counties of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder.  From New Year 2020, the two counties have been merged into one county, Agder. The total combined area of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder counties is 16,493 square kilometres (6,368 sq mi).  The name is relatively new, having first been used in Norway around 1900.

The region includes coastal areas along the Skagerrak and extends inland to the Setesdalsheiene mountains.  There are many large valleys running from the mountains to the south and east to the sea.  The highest point in the region is Sæbyggjenuten at 1,507 m (4,944 ft).
1997 Australian GT Production Car Championship
The 1997 Australian GT Production Car Championship was an Australian motor racing competition for Group 3E Series Production Cars. The championship, which was contested over an eight round series, was organised and administered by Procar Australia. It was recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the second Australian GT Production Car Championship.

The championship was won by  Peter Fitzgerald driving a Porsche 911 RSCS Type 993.

Group 3E Series Production Cars
Group 3E Series Production Cars is an Australian motor racing formula for production based cars competing with limited modifications. Group 3E cars formerly contested the Australian Manufacturers' Championship and Australian Production Car Championship titles and compete in the annual Bathurst 12 Hour and Bathurst 6 Hour endurance races.
Jakub Weinles
Jakub Weinles (1870, Starokostiantyniv – 1938, Warsaw) was a Polish painter of Jewish ancestry, creating art around Jewish culture, and an active participant of the Jewish Society of the Nurture of Fine Arts (Yiddish: Jidiszer Gezelszaft cu Farszprajnt Kunst, Polish: Żydowskie Towarzystwo Krzewienia Sztuk Pięknych).

Weinles studied at Wojciech Gerson's art class, and at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw in the 1890s. He completed art workshops with Szymon Hollosy in Munich. In 1898, he returned to Warsaw where he painted with other Jewish painters. His wife was Łucja from the House of Kaufman, with whom he had two daughters: Franciszka Themerson, also a painter and Maria Chajnik. He is buried at the Jewish Cemetery in Warsaw; however, his headstone has not survived.

On the Eve of Yom Kippur

Nude

Portrait of a Jew

Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (/ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊər, ˌjɔːm ˈkɪpər, ˌjoʊm-/ ⓘ YOM kip-OOR, YAWM KIP-ər, YOHM-; Hebrew: יוֹם כִּפּוּר‎ Yōm Kippūr [ˈjom kiˈpuʁ], lit. 'Day of Atonement') is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei, corresponding to a date in late September or early October.

For traditional Jewish people, it is primarily centered on atonement and repentance. The day's main observances consist of full fasting and asceticism, both accompanied by extended prayer services (usually at synagogue) and sin confessions. Some minor Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist Judaism, focus less on sins and more on one's goals and accomplishments and setting yearly intentions.

Alongside the related holiday of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur is one of the two components of the High Holy Days of Judaism. It is also the last of the Ten Days of Repentance.
South Pohorje dialect
The South Pohorje dialect (južnopohorsko narečje, štajerska pohorščina) is a Slovene dialect in the Styrian dialect group. It is spoken south of the Drava River, starting east of Ruše and extending through Maribor to just before Zlatoličje, and extending as far south as the Slovenske Konjice area. It also includes the settlements of Rače, Spodnja Polskava (in part), Slovenska Bistrica, and Vitanje.

Slovenska Bistrica
Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced [slɔˈʋèːnska ˈbíːstɾitsa] ⓘ; German: Windisch-Feistritz) is a town south of Maribor in eastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica, one of the largest municipalities in Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The town is included in the Drava Statistical Region. Together with neighboring Slovenske Konjice they form a regional centre of the Upper Dravinja valley and southern Pohorje, sometimes referred to as the Dravinja region (Dravinjska).
Lobelia fissiflora
Lobelia fissiflora is a small herbaceous plant in the family Campanulaceae native to Western Australia, and first described in 2010 by Neville Walsh, David Albrecht and Eric Knox.

The herb is found scattered through the eastern Wheatbelt, southern parts of the MidWest and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia.

Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation. It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields–Esperance region.  It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region.  Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).

The region has 42 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.
Happy (Rolling Stones song)
"Happy" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones from their 1972 album Exile on Main St. Featuring guitarist Keith Richards on lead vocals, it was released as the second single from the album in June 1972, entering the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 69 on 15 July 1972 and reached No. 22 on 19 August 1972.

Bobby Keys
Robert Henry Keys (December 18, 1943 – December 2, 2014) was an American saxophonist who performed as a member of several horn sections of the 1970s. He appears on albums by the Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Harry Nilsson, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, George Harrison, John Lennon, Ringo Starr, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker, Joe Ely, and other prominent musicians. Keys played on hundreds of recordings, and was a touring musician from 1956 until his death in 2014.
Nadym River Bridge
The Nadym River Bridge is a combined single-level bridge that was opened on September 11, 2015. It is located simultaneously on the Surgut – Salekhard highway and on the Salekhard – Nadym – Korotchaevo railway line. It is an element of the Northern Latitudinal Railway project, designed to link the Arctic region with the central areas of Russia and the Urals.

The total length of the passage is 3.1 km, including the bridge (1334 m) and access areas (1770 m). The length of the superstructure is 110 m. The construction started in 2011, and the road crossing was opened in 2015. The construction of the railway part of the bridge was postponed.

The construction companies that participated in the erection of the bridge are OJSC Mostostroy-11, CJSC Kurganstalmost, and Llc Urengoydorstroy.

Open joint-stock company
A public joint-stock company, abbreviated PJSC (Russian: Публичное акционерное общество, abbreviated Russian: ПАО) or open joint-stock company, abbreviated OJSC (Russian: Открытое акционерное общество, abbreviated Russian: ОАО), is a type of company in many successor states of the Soviet Union, particularly in Russia. Its distinguishing feature is the right of stockholders to trade in stocks without the permission of other stockholders. These public stock companies are somewhat comparable to corporations under US law.
Chathiram Bus Station, Tiruchirappalli
Chathiram Bus Stand, Tiruchirappalli, old name Chinnaiya Pillai Chathiram also popularly known Chathiram Perundu Nilayam or Chathiram Bus Stand, is one of the bus termini of Trichy, other being the Central Bus Stand. The terminus is located in a land of 2.05 acres (0.83 ha) near Chintamani, adjacent to St. Joseph's College.

Chinnaiya Pillai Chathiram (Choultry) Choultry is a resting place, an inn or caravansary for travelers, pilgrims or visitors to a site. Non-profit organization is involved in a variety of projects and undertakings, the aim of which was physical, social and spiritual upliftment of all. To sustain these endeavors, the most fundamental aspect is food. At the Chinnaiya Pillai Chaitram, Annadanam, the sacred offered of food during that time, to Sanyasis, volunteers, Bramhacharis, students and all daily visitors.

St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli
St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli (SJC) is a private Catholic college in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. It was established in 1844 by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). It is an affiliated college of Bharathidasan University.

In 2016, the College was one of only twelve colleges in India to be given Special Heritage Status by the Government of India.
Cladonia flavocrispata
Cladonia flavocrispata is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in Venezuela and described as a new species in 2013, it is closely related to Cladonia hians, but is distinguished by its unique chemical composition and morphology.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Bessemer and Lake Erie 643
Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad 643 is the sole survivor of the H-1 class 2-10-4 "Texas" type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1944 for the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad, primarily used for hauling heavy mainline freight trains in Pennsylvania and Ohio, until retirement in 1952. As of 2026, No. 643 is owned by the Age of Steam Roundhouse Museum in Sugarcreek, Ohio.

Running gear (rail transport)
In railway terminology the term running gear refers to those components of a railway vehicle that run passively on the rails, unlike those of the driving gear. Traditionally these are the wheels, axles, axle boxes, springs and vehicle frame of a railway locomotive or wagon. The running gear of a modern railway vehicle comprises, in most instances, a bogie frame with two  wheelsets. However there are also wagons with single axles (fixed or movable) and even individual wheels. Since in modern times, locomotives no longer require separate driving and carrying axles (see wheel arrangement), as was formerly common with steam locomotives, but usually have bogies where all axles are driven, the term running gear is (inaccurately) superseding the term 'driving gear' in some parts of the world.
Subir Banerjee
Subir Banerjee (born 1946 in Calcutta) is an Indian actor who played Apu in Satyajit Ray's Bengali film Pather Panchali (lit. 'Song of the Little Road', 1955), the first installment of The Apu Trilogy.

Pather Panchali (novel)
Pather Panchali (Pôther Pãchali; transl. Song of the Little Road) is a 1929 novel written by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay and was later adapted into a 1955 film of the same name by Satyajit Ray. Considered to be one of the greatest literary works describing rural life, Pather Panchali deals with the life of the Roy family, both in their ancestral village in rural Bengal and later when they move to Varanasi in search of a better life, as well as the anguish and loss they face during their travels.
Stormwitch
Stormwitch is a German heavy metal band from Heidenheim, formed in 1981. They have been called "The Masters of Black Romantic" by their fans. The band's song lyrics often focused on fantasy, occult or historical themes, along with their contemporaries and countrymen Helloween. Over time, they have changed their sound from a Judas Priest-esque style of heavy metal to a more keyboard-based form of power metal.

Power metal
Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within a symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in, for example, extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthemic songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound.

The term was first used in the mid-1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal; and a later, more widespread and popular style based in Europe with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.
Siquitibum
The Chiquitibum (a.k.a. Alabio Alabao) is the most famous chant in Mexico used to congratulate a person. It is also called out after "Las Mañanitas", a traditional Mexican birthday song, has been sung. The chant is widely popular.

Las Mañanitas
"Las Mañanitas" Spanish pronunciation: [las maɲaˈnitas] is a traditional Mexican birthday song written by Mexican composer Alfonso Esparza Oteo. It is popular in Mexico, usually sung early in the morning to awaken the birthday person, and especially as part of the custom of serenading women. A famous rendition of "Las Mañanitas" is sung by Pedro Infante to "Chachita" in the movie Nosotros los pobres. It is also sung in English in The Leopard Man (1943).
Gargoyle
In architecture, and specifically Gothic architecture, a gargoyle (/ˈɡɑːrɡɔɪl/) is a carved or formed grotesque: 6–8  with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing it from running down masonry walls and eroding the mortar between. Architects often used multiple gargoyles on a building to divide the flow of rainwater off the roof to minimize potential damage from rainstorms. A trough is cut in the back of the gargoyle and rainwater typically exits through the open mouth. Gargoyles are usually elongated fantastical animals because their length determines how far water is directed from the wall. When Gothic flying buttresses were used, aqueducts were sometimes cut into the buttress to divert water over the aisle walls.

Laon Cathedral
Laon Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Laon) is a Roman Catholic church located in Laon, Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France. Built in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it is one of the most important and stylistically unified examples of early Gothic architecture. The church served as the cathedral of the Diocese of Laon until 1802, and has been recognized as a monument historique since 1840.
Poundbakery
Poundbakery is a bakery chain in the United Kingdom, which specializes in savory products such as pies, pasties, sausage rolls, sandwich, and sweet products including doughnuts and muffins. It was established in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England by Sayers in 2010, the largest independent retail baker in the North West of England.

North West England
North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of 7,417,397 in 2021. It is the third-most-populated region in the United Kingdom, after the South East and Greater London. The largest settlements are Manchester and Liverpool. It is one of the three regions, alongside North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber, that make up Northern England.
Philippines men's national sitting volleyball team
The Philippines men's national sitting volleyball team represents the Philippines in international sitting volleyball competitions and friendly matches.

They were to compete at the 2020 ASEAN Para Games, which was supposed to he hosted by the Philippines. The games was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The team was retained and were able to compete in the 2022 ASEAN Para Games in Surakarta, Indonesia. They also took part at the 2023 ASEAN Para Games in Cambodia, and the 2025 ASEAN Para Games in Thailand.

2025 ASEAN Para Games
The 2025 ASEAN Para Games (Thai: กีฬาอาเซียนพาราเกมส์ 2025, RTGS: Kila Asian Pharakem 2025, pronounced [kīː.lāː ʔāː.sîan pʰāː.rāː.kēːm sɔ̌ːŋ.pʰān.jîː.sìp̚.hâː]), officially called the 13th ASEAN Para Games (Thai: กีฬาอาเซียนพาราเกมส์ ครั้งที่ 13, RTGS: Kila Asian Pharakem Khrangthi 13, pronounced [kīː.lāː ʔāː.sîan pʰāː.rāː.kēːm kʰráŋ.tîː sǎːm.sìp̚ sǎːm]) and commonly known as Thailand 2025, was an international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, sanctioned by the ASEAN Para Sports Federation (APSF). The event took place from 20 to 26 January 2026 in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand.

The province was awarded the Games on 13 January 2023. This marks the first time that host city was selected through a new bidding and election process for the ASEAN Para Games.

The 2025 ASEAN Para Games were the second time Thailand has hosted the event, with Nakhon Ratchasima having previously hosted in 2008.
Liulin County
Liulin (Chinese: 柳林; pinyin: Liǔlín is a county of western Shanxi province, China, bordering Shaanxi province and the Yellow River to the west. It is under the administration of Lüliang city. The county is the site of the Xiangyan Temple (zh).

Liulin has been inhabited since the Neolithic era. During the Han dynasty the county seat was in Mengmen town. It is the birthplace of Lin Xiangru and Red Army general He Chang (贺昌). It has historically been a trade town between the Central Plains and the Silk Road.

It is a center of coal industry, jujube and walnut cultivation.

Its regional cuisines include Liulin Wantuan, a steamed buckwheat noodle, and sesame cakes.

Chinese Red Army
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army (紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising. The Red Army was reincorporated into the NRA as part of the Second United Front with the Kuomintang to fight against the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945. In the later stages of the Chinese Civil War the Red Army splintered off once again and was renamed the People's Liberation Army.
Type 59 Durjoy
The Type 59G Durjoy, sometimes known as Type 59G, is a highly modernized version of the Chinese Type 59 tank for the Bangladesh Army. The Bangladesh Army's old Type 59 tanks were upgraded similarly to Type 59G standard at 902 Central Workshop of the Bangladesh Machine Tools Factory with Chinese assistance.

The Bangladesh Army renamed the tank as Durjoy (Bengali: দুর্জয়).

High-explosive anti-tank
High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) is the effect of a shaped charge explosive that uses the Munroe effect to penetrate heavy armor. The warhead functions by having an explosive charge collapse a metal liner inside the warhead into a high-velocity shaped charge jet; this is capable of penetrating armor steel to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge (charge diameters, CD). The shaped charge jet armor penetration effect is purely kinetic in nature; the round has no explosive or incendiary effect on the armor.

Unlike standard armor-piercing rounds, a HEAT warhead's penetration performance is unaffected by the projectile's velocity, allowing them to be fired by lower-powered weapons that generate less recoil.

The performance of HEAT weapons has nothing to do with thermal effects, with HEAT being simply an acronym.