hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Tolles Chamberlin
Frank Tolles Chamberlin (March 10, 1873 – July 24, 1961) was an American painter, muralist, sculptor, and art teacher.

He studied at the Art Students League with George DeForest Brush and George Bridgman.
He taught for four years at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, and spent summers at MacDowell.

He taught at the Otis Institute, in 1921, as a founding faculty member at the Chouinard Art Institute, and at the University of Southern California School of Architecture. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In 1918, he married Katharine Beecher Stetson, the only daughter of artist Charles Walter Stetson and writer/feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Charlotte Anna Perkins Gilman (/ˈɡɪlmən/; née Perkins; July 3, 1860 – August 17, 1935), also known by her first married name Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was an American humanist, novelist, writer, lecturer, early sociologist, advocate for social reform, and eugenicist. She was a utopian feminist and served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. Her works were primarily focused on gender, specifically gendered labor division in society, and the problem of male domination. She has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Her best remembered work today is her 1892 semi-autobiographical short story "The Yellow Wallpaper", which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum depression.
Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna
Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna (Red Donald of Coruna; 9 July 1887 – 13 August 1967), legally Donald MacDonald or Dòmhnall MacDhòmhnaill, was a Scottish Gaelic bard, North Uist stonemason, and veteran of the First World War. Literary historian Ronald Black has called Dòmhnall Ruadh, "The Voice of the Trenches."

He wrote An Eala Bhàn ("The White Swan"), which he composed after being wounded in action on a mission in no man's land during the Battle of the Somme. An Eala Bhàn is a love song addressed to Magaidh NicLeòid of Lochmaddy, the woman whom he hoped to marry. In recent years, it has been recorded by artists as diverse as Calum Kennedy, Donnie Munro, Capercaillie, and Julie Fowlis.

Wounded in action
Wounded in action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third-degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss.

For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle.
Pascal Brindeau
Pascal Brindeau (born 20 June 1974) is a French politician. He is Member of Parliament for Loir-et-Cher's 3rd constituency since 2019, after serving a previous term for the same seat between 2010 and 2012.

He lost his seat in the first round of the 2022 French legislative election.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
Fulvia Stevenin
Fulvia Stevenin (born 18 October 1965) is a former Italian alpine ski racer. She competed primarily in the slalom and giant slalom events. At the age of 18, she participated in the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympics, competing in both technical races but failing to finish either event. In the slalom event, she was notably competing alongside her friend and roommate, Paola Magoni-Sforza, who went on to win the race. Both athletes were coached by Toni Morandi and represented the Gressoney Ski Club.

In the FIS World Cup, Stevenin achieved her best results with two 12th-place finishes, one in the slalom at Piancavallo, Italy, on 17 December 1982, and the other in the giant slalom at Santa Caterina Valfurva, Italy, on 18 December 1984.

Nationally, Stevenin was a dominant force in giant slalom, winning the Italian National Championship title three times, in 1983, 1985, and 1987. She retired from competitive skiing at the age of 22 in 1987.

Santa Caterina di Valfurva
Santa Caterina di Valfurva is a frazione of the comune of Valfurva, in the northern Italian province of Sondrio. It is home to a popular ski resort, which has held numerous FIS World Cup alpine races; Santa Caterina co-hosted the World Championships with Bormio in 1985 and 2005. The highest point of the resort is on the Monte Sobretta.
Lucien Gautier
Charles Lucien Gautier (1850-1924) was a Swiss theologian, born at Cologny, near Geneva, and educated at Geneva, Leipzig, and Tübingen.  In 1877-98 he was professor of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis at Lausanne, and thereafter honorary professor.  He was the president of the synod of the Vaudois église libre in 1885, 1886, 1891, and 1892.  He traveled in Palestine in 1893-94 and 1899, and wrote:

Au dela du Jourdain (1895; second edition, 1896)

Souvenirs de Terre-Sainte (1898)

Autour de la Mer Morte (1901)

In addition he translated Ghazali's Ad-Dourra el Fâkhira (1878) and wrote:

Le sacerdoce dans l'Ancien Testament (1874)

La mission du prophète Ezéchiel (1891)

Vocations de prophètes (1901; in German, 1903)

Introduction a l'Ancien Testament (1906)

La loi dans l'ancienne Alliance (1908)

L'Evangeliste de l'exil (1911)

He also contributed to the Encyclopaedia Biblica (1903)

Exegesis
Exegesis (/ˌɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ ⓘ EK-sih-JEE-sis; from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Textual criticism investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of literary genres presented in the text and analysis of grammatical and syntactical features in the text itself.
Kathleen Prendergast
Kathleen Laura Prendergast M.R.C.S. (19 November 1910  – 1 June 1954) was an Australian paleontologist, who later retrained as a doctor and was commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps. She was appointed as Regimental Medical Officer to the 1st Battalion, The Black Watch. She was the first, and at the time of her death, the only female to hold this role in the British Army.

Black Watch
The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The regiment was created as part of the Childers Reforms in 1881, when the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot (The Black Watch) was amalgamated with the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot. It was known as The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) from 1881 to 1931 and The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) from 1931 to 2006. Part of the Scottish Division for administrative purposes from 1967, it was the senior Highland regiment. It has been part of the Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division for administrative purposes since 2017.
Windsor and Hantsport Railway
The Windsor and Hantsport Railway (reporting mark WHRC) was a 56-mile (90.1 km) railway line in Nova Scotia between Windsor Junction (north of Bedford) and New Minas with a spur at Windsor which runs several miles east, serving two gypsum quarries located at Wentworth Creek and Mantua. It suspended operations in 2011.

The mainline (and related spurs) were formerly owned by Canadian Pacific Railway subsidiary Dominion Atlantic Railway from 1894 to 1994 before being sold to shortline holding company Iron Road Railways.  WHRC began operations on Saturday, August 27, 1994, making it Nova Scotia's second shortline railway after Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway, which was formed one year earlier.

Bedford, Nova Scotia
Bedford (pop. 36,354 ) is a former town and now a district of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated on the north west shore of the Bedford Basin in the central area of the municipality. It borders the neighbouring communities of Hammonds Plains to the west, Sackville to the north, Dartmouth to the east, and mainland Halifax to the south. Bedford was named in honour of John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, Secretary of State for the colonies in 1749.
Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984
Belgium was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 with the song "Avanti la vie", composed by Henri Seroka, with lyrics by Jacques Zegers, and performed by Zegers himself. The Belgian participating broadcaster, Walloon Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF), selected its entry through a national final.

Henri Seroka
Henri Seroka (born 1949) is a Belgian singer and composer. Although he began his career as a singer, he is known mostly for his compositions, especially film music, and for composing Belgium's official song for the 1984 Olympic Games.
Hamza Çalışkan
Hamza Çalışkan (born 13 November 1994) is a Turkish Paralympian para table tennis player of class 5. A graduate of Selçuk University, he serves also as a coach. He resides in Konya in Turkey.

He is taking part in the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Johnny Hartman
John Maurice Hartman (July 3, 1923 – September 15, 1983) was an American jazz singer, known for his rich baritone voice and recordings of ballads. He sang and recorded with Earl Hines' and Dizzy Gillespie's big bands and with Erroll Garner. Hartman is best remembered for his collaboration in 1963 with saxophonist John Coltrane, John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman, a landmark album for both him and Coltrane.

Perception Records
Perception Records was an American jazz/R&B record label.

What originally began as a production company in 1967 for pop and progressive rock acts, singer/songwriter/producer Jimmy Curtiss transitioned into Perception Ventures in 1969. Eventually expanding its roster to cater to other music genres, Perception's soul music output was released by both of its flagship labels, Perception Records and Today Records, the latter of which was run by Perception's executive vice-president, Patrick Adams.

Its parent label is Perception Ventures, Inc.
Isaac Bottomley
Isaac Henry Bottomley (9 April 1855 – 23 April 1922) was an English first-class cricketer, who played nine times for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1878 and 1890.

Born in Spring Hall, Shelf, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, Bottomley was a right-handed batsman.  He scored 166 runs at 13.83 with the best of 32, and took one wicket, in the Roses Match of 1879 at Bramall Lane, with his roundarm fast bowling at a cost of 75. He took four wickets in four balls while playing for Low Moor C.C. in 1883.

He lived in Ovenden before moving to Morecambe, and died in Heysham, Lancashire in April 1922. His funeral took place at Shelf Church.

Shelf, West Yorkshire
Shelf is a village in Calderdale in West Yorkshire, England. The village is situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of Halifax and 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Bradford, on the A6036 road. In 2001 it had a population of 4,496. At the 2011 Census Shelf was measured as part of the Calderdale ward of Northowram and Shelf.
Ben Pentreath
Benjamin Toby Pentreath OBE (born November 1971) is an English architectural and interior designer who runs Ben Pentreath Ltd, a RIBA chartered practice, and Pentreath & Hall, which sells home furnishings.  Country Life called him one of the "best country house architects in Britain".

Pentreath is responsible for much of the development since 2009 of Poundbury. He has also done other work for the Duchy of Cornwall, including a development in Truro.

As an interior designer, he has worked for the Princess of Wales on the refurbishment of Anmer Hall.

Anmer Hall
Anmer Hall is a Georgian country house in the village of Anmer in Norfolk, England. Built in the 19th century, it was acquired by the Sandringham Estate sometime after Queen Victoria purchased the property, and has previously been leased to business owners, civil servants, and members of the British royal family. It is currently the country residence of the Prince and Princess of Wales, given to the couple as a wedding gift by Elizabeth II.
Sir John (horse)
Sir John (foaled 1887) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the prestigious Travers Stakes in 1890 and who set a track record in 1891 for a mile and five-sixteenths on dirt at New York's Morris Park Racecourse.

Sir John's dam was the California-bred mare Marian and his sire was Sir Modred, a New Zealand-bred stallion that won several top races in New Zealand and Australia before being sold to American James B. A. Haggin. Brought to stand at stud at Haggin's Rancho Del Paso in California, Sir Modred would be the Leading sire in North America in 1894.

Trained by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Frank McCabe, Sir John's win in the Travers Stakes was the third for his trainer and the fifth for owners the Dwyer Brothers Stable. Sir John's time 
of 2:09 4/5 in winning the mile and one-quarter Spindrift Stakes remained as the race's fastest.

Spindrift Stakes
The Spindrift Stakes was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually between 1885 and 1909 at Sheepshead Bay Race Track at Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York City. A race for three-year-olds, it was contested on dirt over a distance of 1+1⁄4 miles (10 furlongs; 2.0 km) from 1885 to 1892 and at 1+1⁄8 miles (9.0 furlongs; 1.8 km) from 1893 through 1909.

The inaugural running took place on July 11, 1885, and was won by St. Augustine, a John Alcock trained colt owned by George Lorillard. The final running of the Spindrift took place on July 7, 1909, and was won by the Oneck Stable's Fashion Plate, trained by William Karrick.
Operations and Signals Bunker, Wulguru
Operations and Signals Bunker is a heritage-listed signal station off Stuart Drive, Wulguru (formerly in Stuart), City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1942 to 1944. It is also known as James Cook University, RAAF No.3 Fighter Sector Headquarters (3FSHQ), and Stuart Immigration Hostel. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 August 1998.

Signal station
A signal station is a form of aids to navigation that is defined by the IHO simply as "A signal station is a place on shore from which signals are made to ships at sea". While this broad definition would include coastal radio stations and fog signal stations, the term is most often used for shore installation that use visual signals to communicate with ships at sea.
Nihondaira Ropeway
The Nihondaira Ropeway (日本平ロープウェイ, Nihondaira Rōpuwei) is a Japanese aerial lift line in the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, operated by Shizuoka Railway (Shizutetsu). Opened in 1967, the line climbs Nihondaira (日本平), a hill with views of the city, Suruga Bay, and Mount Fuji. The line does not accept LuLuCa, a smart card ticketing system by Shizutetsu.

Suruga Bay
Suruga Bay (駿河湾, Suruga-wan) is a bay on the Pacific coast of Honshū in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is situated north of a straight line from Omaezaki Point to Irōzaki Point at the tip of the Izu Peninsula and surrounded by Honshū to the southwest and west and the Izu Peninsula to the east.
Weissella hellenica
Weissella hellenica is a species of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae. It is frequently isolated from fermented sausage and flounder intestine, as well as Korean fermented pickle Kimchi and barrels used to make Japanese pickles. Some strains have been observed to be probiotic while some have not. Some strains produce bacteriocins named weissellicins which show antimicrobial activity against other bacteria.

Bacteriocin
Bacteriocins are proteinaceous or peptidic toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s). They are similar to yeast and paramecium killing factors, and are structurally, functionally, and ecologically diverse. Applications of bacteriocins are being tested to assess their application as narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Bacteriocins were first discovered by André Gratia in 1925.  He was involved in the process of searching for ways to kill bacteria, which also resulted in the development of antibiotics and the discovery of bacteriophage, all within a span of a few years.  He called his first discovery a colicine because it was made by E. coli.
Motoyama Station
Motoyama Station is the name of five train stations in Japan:

Motoyama Station (Nagoya), in Aichi Prefecture

Motoyama Station (Chiba), in Chiba Prefecture

Motoyama Station (Takamatsu), on the Kotoden Nagao Line in Kagawa Prefecture

Motoyama Station (Mitoyo), in Mitoyo, Kagawa Prefecture

Motoyama Station (Nagasaki), on the Nishi-Kyūshū Line in Nagasaki Prefecture

Nishi-Kyūshū Line
The Nishi-Kyushu Line (西九州線, Nishi-Kyūshū-sen) is a Japanese railway line operated by the private railway operator Matsuura Railway, which connects Arita in Saga Prefecture with Sasebo in Nagasaki Prefecture. This is the westernmost railway line in Japan, with Tabira-Hiradoguchi Station being the westernmost station.
Lucky-Peter's Journey
Lucky-Peter's Journey is a 1969 opera, also called "a comedy with music," in three acts by Malcolm Williamson to an English libretto by Edmund Tracey (director for the English National Opera, formerly Sadler's Wells Opera) after the 1883 fairy-tale play Lycko-Pers Resa by August Strindberg.

Opera (British magazine)
Opera is a monthly British magazine devoted to covering all things related to opera. It contains reviews and articles about current opera productions internationally, as well as articles on opera recordings, opera singers, opera companies, opera directors, and opera books. The magazine also contains major features and analysis on individual operas and people associated with opera.

The magazine employs a network of international correspondents around the world who write for the magazine. Contributors to the magazine, past and present, include William Ashbrook, Martin Bernheimer, Julian Budden, Rodolfo Celletti, Alan Blyth, Elizabeth Forbes, and J.B. Steane among many others.
Stroboscope
A stroboscope, also known as a strobe, is an instrument used to make a cyclically moving object appear to be slow-moving, or stationary. It consists of either a rotating disk with slots or holes or a lamp such as a flashtube which produces brief repetitive flashes of light.  Usually, the rate of the stroboscope is adjustable to different frequencies.  When a rotating or vibrating object is observed with the stroboscope at its vibration frequency (or a submultiple of it), it appears stationary.  Thus stroboscopes are also used to measure frequency.

The principle is used for the study of rotating, reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating objects.  Machine parts and vibrating string are common examples.  A stroboscope used to set the ignition timing of internal combustion engines is called a timing light.

Zoetrope
A zoetrope is a pre-film animation device that produces the illusion of motion, by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. A zoetrope is a cylindrical variant of the phénakisticope, an apparatus suggested after the stroboscopic discs were introduced in 1833. The definitive version of the zoetrope, with replaceable film picture film strips, was introduced as a toy by Milton Bradley in 1866 and became very successful.
Banshbaria Union
Banshbaria Union (Bengali: বাঁশবাড়ীয়া ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Maheshpur Upazila, in Jhenaidah District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 64.75 square kilometres (25.00 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 22,001. There are 19 villages and 14 mouzas in the union.

Jhenaidah District
Jhenaidah District (Bengali: ঝিনাইদহ জেলা) is a district in southwestern Bangladesh. Part of the Khulna Division, the district has an area of 1,964.77 km2 (758.60 sq mi). It is bordered by Kushtia District to the north, Jessore District and West Bengal to the south, Rajbari District and Magura District to the east, and Chuadanga District and West Bengal to the west. The largest city and headquarters of this district is Jhenaidah. At the beginning of the British rule, Jhenaidah was a police outpost and was turned into a thana in 1793. The Jhenaidah sub-division was established in 1862. It became a district in 1984.
William Woodbridge (Connecticut physician)
William Woodbridge (August 8, 1819 – August 6, 1888) was an American physician and state legislator.

Woodbridge, fourth child of James R and Mary (Bull) Woodbridge, of Hartford, Connecticut, was born in Hartford, August 8, 1819.

He graduated from Yale College in 1840 and received his medical degree from Yale Medical School in 1844, and settling for practice in Manchester, Connecticut, whence he removed two or three years later to Brooklyn, Connecticut, where he continued until his death, on August 6, 1888, at the age of 69 years. During his long career in Brooklyn as a physician he was a leader in religious and civil affairs.  He represented the town in the Connecticut State Legislature in 1869.  He married, April 26, 1847, Mary Ann Bidwell, who died July 6, 1872, leaving two children. He next married, Sept 13, 1878, Abby B. Ensworth, of Canterbury, Connecticut, who survived him.

Yale School of Medicine
The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest medical school in the United States.

The school’s faculty clinical practice is Yale Medicine. Yale School of Medicine has a strong affiliation with its primary teaching hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital and the Yale New Haven Health System. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, which is one of the country’s largest modern medical libraries and is known for its historical collections.

For the class of 2028, the school received 5,669 applications to fill 104 seats in the MD Program. This puts the acceptance rate at about 1.6%. The median GPA for the class was 3.94, and the median MCAT score was 521.