hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4a
The Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4a was an experimental British single-engined scout aircraft of the First World War. Four S.E.4a aircraft were built, being used for research purposes and as home-defence fighters by the Royal Flying Corps. In spite of its type number it had little or no relationship to the earlier S.E.4

Rotary engine
The rotary engine is an early type of internal combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration. The engine's crankshaft remained stationary in operation, while the entire crankcase and its attached cylinders rotated around it as a unit. Its main application was in aviation, although it also saw use in a few early motorcycles and automobiles.

This type of engine was widely used as an alternative to conventional inline engines (straight or V) during World War I and the years immediately preceding that conflict. It has been described as "a very efficient solution to the problems of power output, weight, and reliability".

By the early 1920s, the inherent limitations of this type of engine had rendered it obsolete.
Kamocka Wola
Kamocka Wola [kaˈmɔt͡ska ˈvɔla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Aleksandrów, 24 km (15 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków County
Piotrków County (Polish: powiat piotrkowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Piotrków Trybunalski, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Piotrków County are Sulejów, which lies 15 km (9 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and Wolbórz (classed as a town since 1 January 2011).

The county covers an area of 1,429.12 square kilometres (551.8 sq mi). In 2006, its total population was 90,227, made up of 6,387 in Sulejów and a rural population of 83,840.
Leung Tsang
Leung Tsang  is an American electrical engineer, who is a professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan. He is best known for his contributions to the theory and computation of wave scattering, rough surface scattering and microwave remote sensing.

Scattering from rough surfaces
Surface roughness scattering or interface roughness scattering is the elastic scattering of particles against a rough solid surface or imperfect interface between two different materials.  This effect has been observed in classical systems, such as microparticle scattering, as well as quantum systems, where it arises electronic devices, such as field effect transistors and quantum cascade lasers.
Inspector Gourmet
Inspector Gourmet (Chinese: 為食神探; Cantonese Yale: Wàisihk Sàntaam; literally "Gluttonous Detective") is a 2016 Hong Kong television comedy and fictional detective drama produced by Leung Choi-yuen for TVB, starring Kenneth Ma, Louis Yuen,  Priscilla Wong and Eliza Sam as the main cast. It premiered on Hong Kong's TVB Jade and Malaysia's Astro On Demand on August 29, 2016, airing Monday through Sunday during its 9:30-10:30 pm timeslot and concluding September 19, 2016 with a total of 20 episodes.

Inspector Gourmet centers on solving mysteries with a food theme. The title of the drama is in reference to Louis Yuen's character Mak Sai. Mak Sai is described as a food addict with amazing crime solving skills due to his extraordinary sense of taste, smell and sight.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Farrenc (surname)
Farrenc is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aristide Farrenc (1794–1865), French flautist

Louise Farrenc (1804–1875), French composer, pianist, and teacher

Victorine Farrenc (1826–1859) French pianist and composer, daughter of Louise and Aristide

Louise Farrenc
Louise Farrenc (née Jeanne-Louise Dumont; 31 May 1804 – 15 September 1875) was a French composer, virtuoso pianist and teacher of the Romantic period. Her compositions include three symphonies, a few choral works, numerous chamber pieces and a wide variety of piano music.
Papilio arcas
The name Papilio arcas has been applied by authors to several different species of butterfly:

Papilio arcas Drury, 1773 now referred to Ephyriades arcas (Hesperiidae)

Papilio arcas Rottemburg, 1775 now referred to Phengaris nausithous (Lycaenidae)

Papilio arcas Cramer, 1777 now referred to Pandemos pasiphae (Riodinidae)

Papilio arcas Stoll, 1782 now referred to Parides eurimedes eurimedes (Papilionidae)

Papilio arcas Fabricius, 1787 now referred to Lycaena orus (Lycaenidae)

Dusky large blue
The dusky large blue (Phengaris nausithous) is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, and Ukraine.

The life cycle of this species is strongly related to the herbaceous plant Sanguisorba officinalis (great burnet).
Jamie Neushul
Jamie Valeri Neushul  (born May 12, 1995) is an American water polo player who is a member of the United States women's national water polo team. She became world champion at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships and was a member of the team at the 2017 Summer Universiade, 2017 FINA Women's Water Polo World League, 2018 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup, 2019 Pan American Games, and 2019 FINA Women's Water Polo World League. She will be part of the team in the women's water polo tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
Kepner
Kepner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jeff Kepner, American hand transplant recipient

Jim Kepner (1923–1997), American journalist, author, historian, archivist and leader in the gay rights movement

William Ellsworth Kepner (1893–1982), American officer in the United States Army, United States Army Air Corps and United States Air Force, balloonist, and airship pilot

Fictional characters with the surname include:

April Kepner, a character on Grey's Anatomy

Hand transplantation
Hand transplantation, or simply a hand transplant, is a surgical procedure to transplant a hand from one human to another. The donor hand, usually from a brain-dead donor, is transplanted to a recipient amputee. Most hand transplants to date have been performed on below-elbow amputees, although above-elbow transplants are gaining popularity. Hand transplants were the first of a new category of transplants where multiple organs are transplanted as a single functional unit, now termed vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

The operation is quite extensive and typically lasts from 8 to 12 hours. In comparison, a typical heart transplant operation lasts 6 to 8 hours. Surgeons usually connect the bones first, followed by tendons, arteries, nerves, veins, and skin.
March of Happiness
March of Happiness is a 1999 Taiwanese film directed by Lin Cheng-sheng. It tells the story of a teenage romance in a performing troupe set against the backdrop of the Japanese occupation and the 228 Massacre. Several characters are either historical or based on historical people.

The film was Taiwan's official Best Foreign Language Film submission at the 72nd Academy Awards, but did not manage to receive a nomination. The film was also screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.

There are two slightly different versions. In the TV version shown on Formosa Television, the film ends with both protagonists singing the theme song together, even though the male protagonist was already dead. In the cinema version, the film ends with the female protagonist singing the song by herself in a much slower tempo. The TV version is about 9 minutes longer.

Un Certain Regard
Un Certain Regard (French: [œ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ ʁəɡaʁ]; 'A Certain Glance') is a section of the Cannes Film Festival's official selection. It is run at the salle Debussy, parallel to the competition for the Palme d'Or. This section was introduced in 1978 by Gilles Jacob.

The section presents 20 films with unusual styles and non-traditional stories seeking international recognition.

Since 1998, the section has awarded the Un Certain Regard Prize to one film in the lineup, recognising emerging talent and innovative work. At the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, Killer by Darezhan Omirbaev was named the inaugural winner, while The Mysterious Gaze of the Flamingo by Diego Céspedes is the most recent winner (2025).
Gert Molière
Paul Friederich Gaspard Gert Molière (7 April 1909, Butzbach, Hessen – 1964, Tübingen) was a German theoretical physicist, specializing in nuclear physics and particle physics. He is known for the Molière radius, which is useful in studying Bhabha scattering.

Bhabha scattering
In quantum electrodynamics, Bhabha scattering is the electron-positron scattering process:

There are two leading-order Feynman diagrams contributing to this interaction: an annihilation process and a scattering process. Bhabha scattering is named after the Indian physicist Homi J. Bhabha who derived it in 1936.

The Bhabha scattering rate is used as a luminosity monitor in electron-positron colliders.

Due to crossing symmetry, Bhabha scattering has the same amplitude as Møller scattering.
L'Échec du matériel
L'Échec du matériel (English: Failure of Materiality) is the fifth studio album by Québécois singer and musician Daniel Bélanger.

The album went on to win the 2008 Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year.

Québécois people
Québécois (French pronunciation: [kebekwa] ⓘ; also known as Quebecers or Quebeckers in English) are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to either descendants of the French settlers in Quebec or people of any ethnicity who live and trace their origins to the province of Quebec.

Self-identification as Québécois became dominant starting in the 1960s; prior to this, the francophone people of Quebec mostly identified themselves as French Canadians and as Canadiens before anglophones started identifying as Canadians as well. A majority in the House of Commons of Canada in 2006 approved a motion by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which stated that the Québécois are a nation within a united Canada. Harper later elaborated that the motion's definition of Québécois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Québécois, and therefore is a personal choice.
Chaetodiadema pallidum
Chaetodiadema pallidum is a species of sea urchins of the Family Diadematidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Chaetodiadema pallidum was first scientifically described in 1907 by Alexander Emanuel Agassiz and Hubert Lyman Clark.

Hubert Lyman Clark
Hubert Lyman Clark (January 9, 1870 – July 31, 1947) was an American zoologist. He received the Clarke Medal from the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1947. A son of UMass Amherst president William Smith Clark, he spent more than 40 years as a professor and curator at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University.
Lefty (protein)
Lefty (left-right determination factors) are a class of proteins that are closely related members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. These proteins are secreted and play a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. Mutations of the genes encoding these proteins have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs.

Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the scientific study of the processes by which animals and plants grow and develop. The field of developmental biology is further defined by its study of phenomena such as regeneration, asexual reproduction, metamorphosis, and the growth and differentiation of stem cells within the adult organism.
Nicholas Adontz
Nicholas Adontz (Armenian: Նիկողայոս Ադոնց, romanized: Nikoghayos Adonts; Russian: Николай Адонц; January 10, 1871 – January 27, 1942) was an Armenian historian, specialising in Byzantine and Armenian studies, and a philologist. Adontz was the author of Armenia in the Period of Justinian, a highly influential work and landmark study on the social and political structures of early Medieval Armenia.

Byzantine studies
Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire. The German Humanist, Hieronymus Wolf is often credited with applying the name "Byzantine" to describe the Eastern Roman Empire first, which continued after the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD. About 100 years after the final conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans, Wolf began to collect, edit, and translate the writings of Byzantine philosophers. Other 16th-century humanists introduced Byzantine studies to Holland and Italy. The subject may also be called Byzantinology or Byzantology, although these terms are usually found in English translations of original non-English sources. A scholar of Byzantine studies is called a Byzantinist.
FC Slovácká Slavia Uherské Hradiště
FC Slovácká Slavia Uherské Hradiště was a Czech football club from the town of Uherské Hradiště, which played one season in the Czech First League. It was founded in 1894.

Uherské Hradiště won promotion to the country's top flight, the Czech First League, after finishing first in the 1994–95 Czech 2. Liga. The club subsequently featured in the 1995–96 Czech First League, under the name of FC JOKO Slovácká Slavia Uherské Hradiště, finishing bottom of the league and winning only three of their thirty matches. The club dropped out of the second league after winning just twice in the 1997–98 Czech 2. Liga. In 2000 the club was merged with FC Synot from the town of Staré Město, becoming 1. FC Synot.

1994–95 Czech 2. Liga
The 1994–95 Czech 2. Liga was the second season of the 2. česká fotbalová liga, the second tier of the Czech football league. The league was played with 18 teams, although the following season the number was reduced to 16 teams, so four relegation places were available.
Curious George Goes to Town
Curious George Goes to Town was a children's water play and ball play area at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood.

The Florida attraction originally opened in 1998 on the former site of The Bates Motel Set used in Psycho IV: The Beginning. Universal Studios Florida closed the attraction permanently on January 16, 2023, alongside Fievel's Playland, DreamWorks Destination, Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster and Shrek and Donkey's Meet and Greet, with its last day of operation on January 15. As part of the new DreamWorks Land that opened on June 14, 2024, it was re-themed to Po's Kung Fu Training Camp, based on the Kung Fu Panda franchise.

A similar attraction, The Adventures of Curious George, opened in March 2008 at Universal Studios Hollywood, replacing the Nickelodeon Blast Zone. On September 6, 2013, the attraction was closed to make way for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.

Psycho IV: The Beginning
Psycho IV: The Beginning is a 1990 American slasher television film directed by Mick Garris, and starring Anthony Perkins, Henry Thomas, Olivia Hussey, Warren Frost, Donna Mitchell, and CCH Pounder. It serves as both the third sequel and a prequel to Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho, focusing on the early life of Norman Bates and the flashbacks that took place prior to the events of the original film. It is the fourth and final film in the original Psycho franchise, and Perkins's final appearance in the series before his death in 1992.

The film was written by Joseph Stefano, who also wrote the screenplay of the original film. The musical score was composed by Graeme Revell and the title theme music by Bernard Herrmann from the original film was used. Psycho IV: The Beginning premiered on Showtime on November 10, 1990, as part of a Psycho retrospective hosted by Janet Leigh.
Electoral results for the district of Wollongong
Wollongong, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, has had three incarnations, the first from 1904 to 1920, the second from 1927 to 1930, and the third from 1968 to the present.

Electoral districts of New South Wales
The New South Wales Legislative Assembly is elected from single-member electorates called districts, returning 93 members since the 1999 election. Prior to 1927 some districts returned multiple members, including 1920-1927 when all districts returned three, four or five members. Parramatta is the only district to have continuously existed since the establishment of the Assembly in 1856.
Hertzberg
Hertzberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. M. Hertzberg (1852–1917), businessman in Brisbane, Australia

Arthur Hertzberg (1921–2006), Polish-born American rabbi

Charles Hertzberg (1886–1944), Major-General of the Royal Canadian Engineering Corps

Daniel Hertzberg, American journalist

Ebbe Carsten Horneman Hertzberg, Norwegian member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm 1884

Ewald Friedrich, Count von Hertzberg (1725–1795), Prussian statesman

Frederick Hertzberg (1923–2000), American psychologist

Gustav Hertzberg (1826–1907), German historian

Hendrik Hertzberg, American journalist

Joseph Hertzberg (d. 1870), Russian writer and translator

Nils Christian Egede Hertzberg, Norwegian Minister of Education and Church Affairs 1882–1884

Robert Hertzberg, American attorney, businessman and politician

Sidney Hertzberg (1922–2005), American pro basketball player

Vicki Hertzberg, American biostatistician

Robert Hertzberg
Robert Myles Hertzberg (born November 19, 1954) is an American politician who previously served in the California State Senate. A Democrat, he represented the 18th Senate District, which includes parts of the San Fernando Valley.

Prior to being elected to the State Senate in 2014, he served as the 64th Speaker of the California State Assembly, representing the 40th Assembly District. He was Majority Leader from January 2019 to January 2022. He announced he would not seek re-election and instead announced his candidacy for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. He lost the supervisor election to Lindsey Horvath.
Gray Marine 6-71 Diesel Engine
The 6-71 Gray Marine Diesel Engine is a marinized version of the General Motors Detroit Diesel 6-71 engine produced by the Gray Marine Motor Company. It was used in landing craft during World War II and is used today in private boats and training facilities.

Landing craft
Landing craft are small and medium seagoing watercraft, such as boats and barges, used to convey a landing force (infantry and vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an amphibious assault. The term excludes landing ships, which are larger. Production of landing craft peaked during World War II, with a significant number of different designs produced in large quantities by the United Kingdom and United States.

Because of the need to run up onto a suitable beach, World War II landing craft were flat-bottomed, and many designs had a flat front, often with a lowerable ramp, rather than a normal bow. This made them difficult to control and very uncomfortable in rough seas. The control point (too rudimentary to call a bridge on LCA and similar craft) was normally at the extreme rear of the vessel, as were the engines. In all cases, they were known by an abbreviation derived from the official name rather than by the full title.
Edwin L. Harper
Edwin L. Harper (born November 13, 1941) is an American businessman who served in the Nixon Administration as a section chief in the Domestic Council and in the Reagan Administration as the Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1981 to 1982 and as the Assistant to the President for Policy Development from 1982 to 1983. He was previously a professor of the history of the American presidency at Rutgers University.

He graduated from Principia College in 1963, and earned a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Virginia in 1968. He has been vice president of Emerson Electric, executive vice president of the Campbell Soup Company, president and CEO of the Association of American Railroads, and chief operating officer of American Security Group.

In 1982, Harper was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Principia College
Principia College is a private liberal arts college in Elsah, Illinois. It was founded in 1912 by Mary Kimball Morgan with the purpose of "serving the Cause of Christian Science." Morgan wrote in her book Education at the Principia that, "Although the College is not affiliated with the Christian Science Church, the practice of Christian Science is the cornerstone of campus life." Principia no longer requires its students or their parents to be students of Christian Science or Christian Science Church members. Presently, its student body represents 26 countries and a variety of faith backgrounds.

Principia sits on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River between Alton and Grafton in the Metro East region of Southern Illinois, thirty miles north of St. Louis. A portion of the school's 2,500-acre (1,000 ha) campus is a designated National Historic Landmark District, for its many buildings and design by architect Bernard Maybeck.