hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hadrianopolis (Phrygia)
Hadrianopolis or Hadrianoupolis (Ancient Greek: Ἁδριανούπολις) was a town in ancient Phrygia, built by the emperor Hadrian, between Philomelium and Tyriaeum. It was a bishopric, whose bishop attended the Council of Chalcedon and the Second Council of Constantinople.

Its site is located near Doğanhisar in Asiatic Turkey.

Akşehir
Akşehir is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 895 km2 (346 sq mi), and its population is 93,965 (2022). It was known historically as Philomelium.

The town is situated at the edge of a fertile plain, on the north side of the Sultan Mountains. Its elevation is 1,025 m (3,363 ft).
Chartreuse swizzle
The Chartreuse swizzle is a tiki cocktail made with green Chartreuse, velvet falernum, pineapple juice, and lime juice. Invented in 2003 by American bartender Marcovaldo Dionysos of San Francisco cocktail bar Harry Denton's Starlight Room, the cocktail has since emerged as a modern classic. It has been recognized by the International Bartenders Association as an official cocktail since 2024.

Lime (fruit)
A lime is the fruit of several species of citrus, most of which are hybrids within the genus Citrus (family Rutaceae). Limes are generally small, round to oval fruits with green flesh and skin and a distinctly sour taste due to their high citric acid content. They are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for culinary, medicinal, and ornamental purposes.

The term "lime" is used for a variety of citrus fruits, including the Key lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia), Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia), Makrut lime (Citrus hystrix), finger lime (Citrus australasica), blood lime (hybrid), and desert lime among others. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C and are used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. In 2023, world production of limes (combined with lemons) was 23.6 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico.
Joseph ibn Naḥmias
Joseph Naḥmias (also Joseph ibn Joseph ibn Naḥmias) was a 14th-century Jewish scholar of Toledo, Castile, a student of Asher ben Jehiel. He is best known for an astronomical work in Arabic, Nūr al-ʿĀlam ("The Light of the World") between c. 1330 and 1350, translated into Hebrew by an anonymous scholar later in the 14th century. Naḥmias is also the author of commentaries on the Pentateuch, on Pirkei Avot and on Proverbs.

Joseph b. Abraham ibn Naḥmias was the name of a contemporary of Joseph ben Joseph ibn Naḥmias, who also lived at Toledo, was a colleague of Judah and Jacob ben Asher, and wrote a commentary on Esther in 1326 or 1327.

Pirkei Avot
Pirkei Avot (Hebrew: פִּרְקֵי אָבוֹת, romanized: pirqē aḇoṯ, lit. 'Chapters of the [Fore]fathers'; also transliterated as Pirqei Avoth or Pirkei Avos or Pirke Aboth, also Abhoth), is a compilation of the Jewish theological and ethical teachings and maxims from Rabbinic Jewish tradition. It is part of didactic Jewish ethical literature. Because of its contents, the name is sometimes given as Ethics of the Fathers. Pirkei Avot consists of the Mishnaic minor tractate of Avot, the second-to-last tractate in the order of Nezikin in the Mishnah, plus one additional chapter. Avot is unique in that it is the only tractate of the Mishnah dealing solely with ethical and moral principles; there is relatively little Halakha (Jewish law) in Pirkei Avot.
John Barrett (Irish soldier)
John Barrett (died 1693) was a colonel and head of the barony of the Cork Barrett family.

Colonel Barrett is noted for raising a regiment of infantry for King James' Irish Army during the Williamite War. In 1690 following the Battle of the Boyne, he was forced to surrender Waterford. In 1691 the Williamite confiscation deprived Barrett, the head of the family at that time, of 12,000 acres (49 km2). He was killed in the French service at the Battle of Landen, alongside fellow Jacobite Patrick Sarsfield, in 1693.

Battle of the Boyne
The Battle of the Boyne (Irish: Cath na Bóinne IPA: [ˈkah n̪ˠə ˈbˠoːn̠ʲə]) took place in 1690 between the forces of the deposed King James II, and those of King William III who, with his wife Queen Mary II (his cousin and James's daughter), had acceded to the Crowns of England and Scotland in 1689. The battle was fought across the River Boyne close to the town of Drogheda in the Kingdom of Ireland, modern-day Ireland, and resulted in a victory for William. This turned the tide in James's failed attempt to regain the British crown and ultimately aided in ensuring the continued Protestant ascendancy in Ireland.

The battle took place on 1 July 1690 O.S. William's forces defeated James's army, which consisted mostly of raw recruits. Although the Williamite War in Ireland continued until the signing of the Treaty of Limerick in October 1691, James fled to France after the Boyne, never to return.
1984–85 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The 1984–85 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 15th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Nemo Rangers were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Carbery in the 1984 Cork County Championship.

On 24 March 1985, Castleisland Desmonds won the championship following a 2–02 to 0–07 defeat of St Vincent's in the All-Ireland final at Seán Treacy Park. It remains their only championship title.

Carbery GAA
Carbery GAA is a Gaelic football and Hurling division in the south-west area of County Cork, Ireland. The division is one of eight divisions of the Cork County Board and a division is responsible for organising competitions for the clubs within the division from Under 12 up to adult level The winners of these competitions compete against other divisional champions to determine which club is the county champion. In addition, the division selects football and hurling teams from the adult teams playing at junior level or county intermediate level, and these then compete for the Cork GAA Senior Football Championship and Cork Senior Hurling Championship.

The Carbery division consists of 26 clubs from Bandon in the east to Bantry Blues in the west.
Miacidae
Miacidae ("small points") is a former paraphyletic family of extinct primitive placental mammals that lived in North America, Europe and Asia during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, about 65–33.9 million years ago. These mammals were basal to order Carnivora, the crown-group within the Carnivoraformes.

Miacids are thought to have evolved into the modern carnivorous mammals of the order Carnivora. They were small carnivores, superficially weasel-like or ferret-like with long, lithe bodies and long tails. Some species were arboreal, while others lived on the ground.

They probably fed on invertebrates, lizards, birds, and smaller mammals like shrews and opossums. Their teeth and skulls show that the miacids were less developed than modern carnivorans. They had carnivoran-type carnassials, but lacked fully ossified auditory bullae (rounded protrusions).

Epoch
In chronology and periodization, an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era. The "epoch" serves as a reference point from which time is measured.

The moment of epoch is usually decided by congruity, or by following conventions understood from the epoch in question. The epoch moment or date is usually defined from a specific, clear event of change, an epoch event. In a more gradual change, a deciding moment is chosen when the epoch criterion was reached.
Carroll County Poor Farm Cemetery
The Carroll County Poor Farm Cemetery is a historic cemetery in rural Carroll County, Arkansas, near the small community of Pleasant Valley.  It is all that is left of the county's poor farm, which operated from c. 1900 into the 1930s.  The county purchased the land on which it operated between 1900 and 1907, and the farm was recorded as having an indigent population of 14 in the 1930 census.  The farm's buildings were demolished sometime after its closure, which was occasioned by the rise in federally sponsored welfare programs.

The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

Carroll County, Arkansas
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,260. The county has two county seats, Berryville and Eureka Springs.  Carroll County is Arkansas's 26th county, formed on November 1, 1833, and named after Charles Carroll, the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Corokia
Corokia is a genus in the Argophyllaceae family. The genus was first described in 1839. It comprising six species native to New Zealand, Australia and Rapa Iti. Corokia species are shrubs or small trees with zigzagging (divaricating) branches. In fact, Corokia cotoneaster is commonly known as wire-netting bush. The stems of the shrubs are dark when mature, covered with downy or silky hairs (tomentum) when young. In spring, they produce clusters of small, star-shaped yellow blossoms. Berries are red or yellow. The shrubs prefer forests and rocky areas, sun or light shade, reasonably well drained soil, and moderate watering.

Trichome
Trichomes (/ˈtraɪkoʊmz, ˈtrɪkoʊmz/; from Ancient Greek  τρίχωμα (tríkhōma) 'hair') are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a plant is an indumentum, and the surface bearing them is said to be pubescent.
Directorate of Technical Education
Directorate of Technical Education (কারিগরি শিক্ষা অধিদপ্তর) is a Bangladesh government Directorate under the Ministry of Education responsible for the development, expansion and research in the field of technical education in Bangladesh. Md. Sanowar Hossain is the Director General of the Directorate of Technical Education.

Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Education (Bengali: শিক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Śikkhā Montronaloy; abbreviated as MoE) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for secondary, higher, and tertiary education. Primary education and mass literacy fall under the separate Ministry of Primary and Mass Education, which oversees primary schools, literacy programs, and nationwide basic education initiatives.
The Sontaran Experiment
The Sontaran Experiment is the third serial of the 12th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was originally broadcast on BBC1 on 22 February and 1 March 1975.

The serial is set on Earth more than 10,000 years in the future, immediately after the events of The Ark in Space. In the serial, the Sontaran Field Major Styre (Kevin Lindsay) performs experiments on humans he trapped there as part of the Sontarans' invasion stratagem.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
DJ Shiwaawa
Terry Amoah Arthur, popularly known as DJ Shiwaawa, is a Ghanaian disc jockey, entrepreneur, and performer, widely celebrated for his dynamic turntable skills and genre-spanning versatility. Active in the music industry since 2001, he has established himself as one of the most sought-after DJs in West Africa, particularly noted for his ability to mix across genres such as Afrobeats, R&B, Hip-Hop, Amapiano, Highlife, Funk and more. He won the Artiste DJ of the year in the 2018 edition of the Ghana DJ Awards while working with late Ebony.

Amapiano
Amapiano is a genre of music from South Africa that became popular in the early 2020s. It is a hybrid of kwaito,  deep house, gqom, jazz, soul, and lounge music characterized by synths and wide, percussive basslines. The word "amapiano" derives from the IsiZulu word for "pianos".
Battle of Castiglione order of battle
In the Battle of Castiglione on 5 August 1796, the French Army of Italy under the command of General Napoleon Bonaparte defeated an Austrian army led by Field Marshal Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser. Castiglione and the Battle of Lonato were the major actions in a campaign which marked the first attempted relief of the Siege of Mantua. While Wurmser advanced east of Lake Garda with three columns, Peter Quasdanovich moved his column into the area west of Lake Garda. The Austrians pushed back the French forces and forced Bonaparte to raise the siege. However, the French commander massed against Quasdanovich and forced him to retreat after a week of see-saw fighting. After disposing of Quasdanovich, Bonaparte turned on Wurmser and defeated the main army also. In the sequel, the French pushed the Mantua garrison back and blockaded the city.

Army of Italy (France)
The Army of Italy (French: Armée d'Italie) was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. It is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars (in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte, during his Italian campaign) and the Napoleonic Wars.
Avsim.com
AVSIM is a nonprofit flight simulation social networking service that focuses on Microsoft Flight Simulator, Prepar3D, and X-Plane. It features a community forum, file library, and product reviews.  The website is maintained by a group of volunteers. Bandwidth and equipment are paid for by donations and advertising. It is one of the world's largest flight simulation websites and provides users access to information and add-ons for the flight simulator series of games. On May 12, 2009, the website was attacked by a hacker which resulted in a catastrophic loss of data.  AVSIM was able to fully recover from the hack with the help of IT support from around the world.

Volunteering
Volunteering is an optional and freely chosen act of an individual or group giving their time and labor, often for community service. Many volunteers have specialized training in the fields that they work in, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others provide their services as needed, such as in response to a natural disaster.
The House of Marney
The House of Marney is a 1927 British silent crime film directed by Cecil Hepworth and starring Alma Taylor, John Longden and James Carew. It was based on a novel by John Goodwin (a pseudonym for Sydney Gowing), which was in turn based on a serial called "Dave the Barge-Boy", originally written by the author for the story paper The Boys' Realm in 1906.

Story paper
A story paper is a periodical publication similar to a literary magazine, but featuring illustrations and text stories, and aimed towards children and teenagers. Also known in Britain as "boys' weeklies", story papers were phenomenally popular before the outbreak of the Second World War. They are similar in content to the contemporary dime novels produced in the United States.

Among the most well-known British story papers was Boy's Own Paper, which ran from 1879 to 1967.
Cotherstone Moor
Cotherstone Moor  is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Teesdale district in south-west County Durham, England. It is an extensive area of moorland which extends almost the entire length of Baldersdale, from the confluence of the River Balder with the Tees at Cotherstone. It runs parallel to Bowes Moor SSSI, which lies a short distance to the south.

The area includes a variety of upland vegetation types, much of it blanket bog, including one area that is found nowhere else in  County Durham and which is unusual for being transitional between northern upland and lowland bogs. Other habitats include dry heath, acid grassland, flushes, and rock and block scree.

The area supports breeding populations of a number of species of birds that are listed in the United Kingdom's Red Data Book (Birds), including four that are listed in Annex 1 of the European Commission's Birds Directive as requiring special protection.

The Pennine Way National Trail passes through the area.

Regional Red List
A Regional Red List is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region.  It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale.  Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning.  This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments, universities and organizations throughout the world.

Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in:

Determining the conservation status and trends of species

Identifying species or ecosystems under greatest threat

Informing conservation planning and priority setting

Raising awareness of threatened species
Leanid Sudalenka
Leanid Sudalenka (Belarusian: Леанід Леанідавіч Судаленка, romanized: Lieanid Lieanidavič Sudalienka; Russian: Леонид Леонидович Судаленко, romanized: Leonid Leonidovich Sudalenko; born 23 September 1966) is a Belarusian human rights activist and chairman of the Gomel branch of the human rights organisation Viasna. In January 2021, he was arrested for allegedly organising protests held in Gomel following the 2020 Belarusian presidential election; on 3 November 2021 he was sentenced to serve three years in a penal colony. A number of Belarusian and international human rights organisations have declared Sudalenka as being a prisoner of conscience, and in 2021 he was one of four Belarusian human rights activists to be jointly awarded the Homo Homini Award.

Gomel
Gomel (Russian: Гомель, IPA: [ˈɡomʲɪlʲ]) or Homyel (Belarusian: Гомель, romanized: Homieĺ, IPA: [ˈɣomʲelʲ]) is a city in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Gomel Region and Gomel District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it is the second-largest city in Belarus, with 501,193 inhabitants.
2021 Southland Conference women's soccer tournament
The 2021 Southland Conference women's soccer tournament, the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Southland Conference, was held from November 3 to November 7, 2021. The six-match tournament took place at the Dr. Jack Dugan Family Soccer & Track Stadium in Corpus Christi, Texas. The seven-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play.  The defending champions were the Southeastern Louisiana Lions, but they were unable to defend their title falling in the Semifinals to Northwestern State 1–0.  Northwestern State went on to win the tournament, defeating Incarnate Word 1–0 in the Final.  The title was the fifth overall for the Northwestern State program, and first under head coach Stuart Gore. As tournament champions, Northwestern State earned the Southland Conference's automatic berth into the 2021 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.

Incarnate Word Cardinals
The Incarnate Word Cardinals, also known as UIW Cardinals, are composed of 25 teams representing the University of the Incarnate Word in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis, and track and field. Men's sports include baseball and football. Women's sports include softball, synchronized swimming, and volleyball. The Cardinals compete in NCAA Division I and are members of the Southland Conference. UIW has sent multiple fencers to compete in multiple NCAA Fencing Championships (2016, 2017, 2024)., On November 12, 2021, Incarnate Word accepted their invitation to join the Western Athletic Conference in 2022. However, on June 24, 2022, just one week before the change of conferences was scheduled to take place, Incarnate Word announced that it would remain in the Southland Conference.
1996 Malta Masters
The 1996 Malta Masters was a non-ranking invitational snooker tournament which took place in May 1996. The tournament was held at the Jerma Palace Hotel in Marsaskala, and featured twelve professional players, alongside four amateurs - Malta's Tony Brincat, Jason Pelow and Kevin d'Agostino, and Amnuayporn Chotipong of Thailand.

Mark Davis won the event, beating John Read 6–3 in the final.

Jerma Palace Hotel
The Jerma Palace Hotel is a former four-star hotel in Marsaskala, Malta. It was opened as a Libyan investment in 1982, and was managed by Corinthia Hotels International. It was the largest hotel in southern Malta until it closed down in 2007. The building was subsequently abandoned, and it has since fallen into a state of disrepair. Plans to demolish the former hotel began in 2016.
Grigori Milstein
Grigori N. Milstein (Russian: Григорий Нойхович Мильштейн;  6 June 1937 – 22 November 2023) was a Russian mathematician who made many important contributions to Stochastic Numerics, Estimation, Control, Stability theory, Financial Mathematics.

Control (optimal control theory)
In optimal control theory, a control is a variable chosen by the controller or agent to manipulate state variables, similar to an actual control valve. Unlike the state variable, it does not have a predetermined equation of motion. The goal of optimal control theory is to find some sequence of controls (within an admissible set) to achieve an optimal path for the state variables (with respect to a loss function).

A control given as a function of time only is referred to as an open-loop control. In contrast, a control that gives optimal solution during some remainder period as a function of the state variable at the beginning of the period is called a closed-loop control.
Önder Sav
Önder Sav (born 14 November 1937 in Manyas, Balıkesir) is a Turkish lawyer and politician. He is of Circassian origin. He graduated from Ankara University Law School. He has been in politics since the 1950s. He is currently a member of Republican People's Party (CHP) and was a member of the Turkish Parliament. In March 2003, he was against Turkish collaboration at the Iraq War, and he called American ships as "enemy ships".

He was president of the Turkish Bar Association from 1989 to 1995.

Balıkesir
Balıkesir (Turkish pronunciation: [baˈlɯcesiɾ]) is a city in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Balıkesir Province, which is also a metropolitan municipality. As of 2022, the population of Balıkesir Province is 1,257,590, of which 314,958 in the city proper (the urban part of the districts Altıeylül and Karesi). Between 1341 and 1922, it was the capital of Karasi.
Kemoh Fadika
Alhaji Mohamed Kemoh Fadika (born in Bo, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean diplomat who formerly served as Sierra Leone's ambassador to Iran. He was appointed to the position by the country's president Ernest Bai Koroma on June 21, 2008.

Fadika had served as Sierra Leone's ambassador to Egypt from 1981 to 1983, he also served as Sierra Leone deputy High Commissioner to Nigeria from 1977 to 1981.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.