hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zhizdrinsky District
Zhizdrinsky District (Russian: Жиздринский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,250 square kilometers (480 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zhizdra. Population: 10,089 (2021 Census); 10,593 (2010 Census); 11,725 (2002 Census); 13,737 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zhizdra accounts for 55.0% of the district's total population.

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
3DFLOW
3DFlow, srl is an Italian software house operating in the field of Computer Vision and Image Processing.  It was established in 2011 as a spin-off of the University of Verona and in  2012 it became a spin-off of the University of Udine.

Most known for its photogrammetry software 3DF Zephyr that allows the user to automatically create 3D models starting with a random set of pictures, 3DFlow is also involved as a consulting company with other well known software house such as Activision  and Quantel. Part of its technology has been made available for free  such as 3DF Samantha and JLinkage which overall have been cited on more than 50 papers.

University of Udine
The University of Udine (Italian Università degli Studi di Udine) is a public university in the city of Udine, Italy. It was founded in 1978 as part of the reconstruction plan of Friuli after the earthquake in 1976. Its aim was to provide the Friulian community with an independent centre for advanced training in cultural and scientific studies, it is also an important centre for the study of Friulian language.

The University is actively involved in student and staff exchange projects with universities within the European Union, Australia and Canada, and is currently engaged in close collaboration with several universities from Eastern Europe and other non-EU countries. Moreover, the University participates in many research projects at national and international level. The present number of students enrolled at the University for the academic year 2020/2021 is 14,986.
William Newnham (physician)
William Newnham (1790–1865) was a British physician.

He was born in Farnham, Surrey. He was qualified in apothecary. In 1836, he became one of the first members of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association (later called the British Medical Association). He was also a member of the Royal Society of Literature.

He was the author of Essay on Superstition (1830) which argued that apparitional experiences, dreams and spiritual visions had a physiological rather than a supernatural basis. It was republished in 2010 by Cambridge University Press.

Apparitional experience
In parapsychology, an apparitional experience is an anomalous experience characterized by the apparent perception of either a living being or an inanimate object without there being any material stimulus for such a perception.

In academic discussion, the term "apparitional experience" is preferred to the term "ghost" because:

The term ghost implies that some element of the human being survives death and, at least under certain circumstances, can make itself perceptible to living human beings. There are other competing explanations of apparitional experiences.

Firsthand accounts of apparitional experiences differ in many respects from their fictional counterparts in literary or traditional ghost stories and films (see below).

The content of apparitional experiences includes living beings, both human and animal, and even inanimate objects.
Rafinha (footballer, born 1982)
Rafael Scapini de Almeida (born 29 June 1982), commonly known as Rafinha (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁɐˈfĩɲɐ]), is a Brazilian football coach and a former professional footballer. He is currently working as an assistant coach of Veikkausliiga club AC Oulu. Besides Brazil, he has played in Finland and Belgium. During his career, Rafinha was deployed on different positions on the field, having started as a winger, moving on to midfield and ending his career as a centre back.

Rafinha is considered a club legend of AC Oulu, the club he has represented in multiple seasons.

Finnish Cup
The Finnish Cup (Finnish: Suomen cup; Swedish: Finlands cup) is Finland's main national cup competition in football. This yearly competition is open for all member clubs of the FA of Finland and has been played since 1955.

The winner qualifies for the UEFA Europa Conference League.
Probability box
A probability box (or p-box) is a characterization of uncertain numbers consisting of both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties that is often used in risk analysis or quantitative uncertainty modeling where numerical calculations must be performed.  Probability bounds analysis is used to make arithmetic and logical calculations with p-boxes.

An example p-box is shown in the figure at right for an uncertain number x consisting of a left (upper) bound and a right (lower) bound on the probability distribution for x.  The bounds are coincident for values of x below 0 and above 24.  The bounds may have almost any shape, including step functions, so long as they are monotonically increasing and do not cross each other.  A p-box is used to express simultaneously incertitude (epistemic uncertainty), which is represented by the breadth between the left and right edges of the p-box, and variability (aleatory uncertainty), which is represented by the overall slant of the p-box.

Uncertainty quantification
Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a human body in a head-on crash with another car: even if the speed was exactly known, small differences in the manufacturing of individual cars, how tightly every bolt has been tightened, etc., will lead to different results that can only be predicted in a statistical sense.

Many problems in the natural sciences and engineering are also rife with sources of uncertainty. Computer experiments on computer simulations are the most common approach to study problems in uncertainty quantification.
Albpetrol
Albpetrol is an Albanian upstream petroleum production and marketing company, which also monitors state petroleum agreements in Albania. Its stock is owned by the Albanian state. The company is headquartered in Patos and has a representative office in Tirana. The CEO of Albpetrol is Mr. Baftjar Zeqaj. Albpetrol is managing more than 1200 oil wells in the existing settlements of Patos, Ballsh, Karbunarë, Kuçovë, Gorisht-Kocul, Cakran-Mollaj and Amonicë.

Albpetrol the eleventh-largest company in Albania measured by 2016 revenues (and the third largest state owned company). Albpetrol profit for the fiscal year 2016 were US$13 million. The company is operating in 7 oilfields in Albania with a production of 110,000 tonnes of crude oil. During the last years Albpetrol has managed to have a sustainable position in the Albanian market.

Kuçovë
Kuçovë (Albanian definite form: Kuçova) is a municipality in south-central Albania. It was formed at the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Kozare, Kuçovë, Lumas and Perondi, which all became municipal units. The seat of the municipality is the town of Kuçovë. The total population is 31,077 as of the 2023 census, in a total area of 160.33 km2 (61.90 sq mi). The population of the municipal unit as of the 2023 census is 12,629.
Roseobacter denitrificans
Roseobacter denitrificans  is a species of aerobic pink-pigmented bacteria. It contains Bacteriochlorophyll a. It contains spheroidenone, does not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll anaerobically, but shows aerobic phototrophic activity. Cells are ovoid or rod-shaped and motile by subpolar flagella. R. litoralis does not reduce nitrate, while R. denitrificans does.

Bacteriochlorophyll
Bacteriochlorophylls (BChl) are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria. They were discovered by C. B. van Niel in 1932. They are related to chlorophylls, which are the primary pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Organisms that contain bacteriochlorophyll conduct photosynthesis to sustain their energy requirements, but the process is anoxygenic and does not produce oxygen as a byproduct. They use wavelengths of light not absorbed by plants or cyanobacteria. Replacement of Mg2+ with protons gives bacteriophaeophytin (BPh), the phaeophytin form.

Structures of major bacteriochlorophylls

bacteriochlorophyll a

bacteriochlorophyll b

bacteriochlorophyll c

bacteriochlorophyll d

bacteriochlorophyll e

bacteriochlorophyll f

bacteriochlorophyll g
2023 Cavan Senior Hurling Championship
The 2023 Cavan Senior Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the Cavan Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cavan County Board in 1908. The championship ran from 16 July to 6 August 2023.

Cootehill Celtic were the defending champions.

The final was played on 6 August 2023 at Kingspan Breffni Park in Cavan, between Cootehill Celtic and East Cavan Gaels, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cootehill Celtic won the match by 2–19 to 3–15 to claim their eighth championship title overall and a third consecutive title.

Cavan
Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: An Cabhán, meaning 'the hollow') is the county town of County Cavan in Ireland. The town lies in Ulster, near the border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. The town is bypassed by the main N3 road that links Dublin (to the south) with Enniskillen, Ballyshannon and Donegal Town (to the north).
Domenico Saccà
Domenico Saccà is an Italian computer scientist, professor emeritus of Computer Engineering at the University of Calabria.  
He is known for his research in database theory and for founding the annual conference SEBD (Symposium on Advanced Database Systems) in 1993, serving as coordinator of its steering committee until 2021, after which he became emeritus member.

University of Calabria
The University of Calabria (Italian: Università della Calabria, UNICAL) is a state-run university in Italy. Located in Arcavacata, a hamlet of Rende and a suburb of Cosenza, the university was founded in 1972. Among its founders there were Beniamino Andreatta, Giorgio Gagliani, Pietro Bucci and Paolo Sylos Labini.
It currently has about 35,000 students, 800 teaching and research staff and about 700 administrative staff.

Since 2024, the University has held the first position among the "Big-sized Italian Universities" in the Censis ranking.
Marstrand (surname)
Marstrand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jacob Marstrand (1848–1935), Danish master baker and politician

Julie Marstrand (1882–1943), Danish sculptor

Kesang Marstrand (born 1981), American folk singer, songwriter, and guitarist

Margrethe Marstrand (1874–1948), Danish teacher and writer

Nicolai Jacob Marstrand (1770–1829), Danish mechanician and inventor

Troels Marstrand (1815–1889), Danish industrialist

Wilhelm Marstrand (1810–1873), Danish painter and illustrator

Jacob Marstrand
Jacob Marstrand (10 August 1848 – 3 June 1935) was a Danish master baker and politician. He was a member of the Copenhagen City Council from 1893 and served as Mayor of the Technical Department from 1904 to 1917. His second wife was the children's book writer Margrethe Marstrand.
1995–96 Belgian First Division
Following is a list of the 1995–96 Belgian First Division season.

The Belgian Pro League (officially known as Jupiler Pro League) is the top league competition for association football clubs in Belgium. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Belgian Second Division. The competition was created in 1895 by the Royal Belgian Football Association and was first won by FC Liégeois.

Club Brugge won the title of the 1995–96 season.

RFC Liège
Royal Football Club de Liège (more commonly known as RFC Liège) is a professional football club based in Liège, capital of Liège Province, Belgium. The team currently play in  Challenger Pro League, the second tier in Belgian football. Its matricule is 4, meaning that it was the fourth club to register with the country's national federation (founded 1895), and the club was the first Belgian champion in history (5 Championships & 1 Cup). The 'philosophy' of the club is based on integration of local young players and on popular and faithful support. The club was also known for being 'homeless' between 1995 and 2015, but is now playing on its own ground in the Rocourt area of Liège.

In 1990, FC Liège precipitated a ground-breaking ruling for European football, when its refusal to release Jean-Marc Bosman after his contract ran out led to the Bosman ruling, a European Court of Justice decision that caused major changes to the structure of European football.
William atte Vawte
William atte Vawte (unknown - June 1413 or after), was an English mayor and Member of Parliament (MP).

He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Rye in September 1388, 1399 and 1406. He was Mayor of Rye  August 1397-9, and 1401-3.

Rye (UK Parliament constituency)
Rye was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Rye in East Sussex. It returned two Members of Parliament to the Parliament of England before 1707, Parliament of Great Britain until 1801 and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its representation was halved under the Reform Act 1832.

From the 1832 general election, Rye returned one Member of Parliament until its abolition for the 1950 general election, when the town of Rye itself was transferred to the redrawn Hastings constituency.

The constituency was re-created for the 1955 general election, and abolished again for the 1983 general election when it was largely replaced by the Bexhill and Battle parliamentary constituency.
Jesuit Missions of Moxos
The Jesuit Missions of Moxos are located in the Llanos de Moxos of Beni department in eastern Bolivia. Distinguished by a unique fusion of European and Amerindian cultural influences, the missions were founded as reductions or reducciones de indios by Jesuits in the 17th and 18th centuries to convert local tribes to Christianity.

Departments of Bolivia
Bolivia is a unitary state consisting of nine departments (Spanish: departamentos). Departments are the primary subdivisions of Bolivia, and possess certain rights under the Constitution of Bolivia. Each department is represented in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly—a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Each department is represented by four Senators, while Deputies are awarded to each department in proportion to their total population.

Out of the nine departments, La Paz was originally the most populous, with 2,706,351 inhabitants as of 2012 but the far eastern department of Santa Cruz has since surpassed it by 2020; Santa Cruz also claims the title as the largest, encompassing 370,621 square kilometres (143,098 sq mi). Pando is the least populated, with a population of 110,436. The smallest in area is Tarija, encompassing 37,623 square kilometres (14,526 sq mi).
Squeah
Squeah is a locality in the lower Fraser Canyon of British Columbia, Canada, located between the unincorporated town of Yale (N) and the district municipality of Hope on the Fraser River. Squeah Indian Reserve No. 6 of the Yale First Nation, is located here, at the mouth of Suka Creek.  Tiny Squeah Lake is on the south side of the locality at 49°28′51″N 121°24′21″W﻿ / ﻿49.48083°N 121.40583°W﻿ / 49.48083; -121.40583﻿ (Squeah Lake).  The mountain above the community on the east side of the canyon, at 49°31′18″N 121°23′14″W﻿ / ﻿49.52167°N 121.38722°W﻿ / 49.52167; -121.38722﻿ (Squeah Mountain) is called Squeah Mountain by the members of the Yale First Nation.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
Saint John (Barbados Parliament constituency)
Saint John is a constituency in the Saint John parish of Barbados. It was established in 1645 as one of the original eleven constituencies. Originally the constituency, like the other original ten, was represented by 2 members until 1971 when the single-member system was introduced. Since 2018, it has been represented in the House of Assembly of the Barbadian Parliament by Charles McDonald Griffith. Griffith is a member of the BLP.

Since the 1961 Barbadian general election, Saint John had been considered an electoral strong hold of the DLP until 2018 where the constituency elected its first non-DLP member in several decades.

Democratic Labour Party (Barbados)
The Democratic Labour Party (DLP), colloquially known as the "Dems", is a political party in Barbados, established in 1955. It was the ruling party from 15 January 2008 to 24 May 2018 but faced an electoral wipeout in the 2018 general election which left it with no MPs.

In common with Barbados' other major party, the Barbados Labour Party, the DLP has been broadly described as a centre-left social-democratic party, with local politics being largely personality-driven and responsive to contemporary issues and the state of the economy. Historically, the BLP claims a heritage from British liberalism, while the DLP was founded 11 years afterwards as a more left-leaning breakaway group.
Szikszai
Szikszai or Szikszay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lajos Szikszai (1825–1897),  Hungarian revolutionary and politician

Réka Szikszay (born 1965), former professional tennis player from Hungary

Róbert Szikszai (born 1994), Hungarian athlete specialising in the discus throw

Lajos Szikszai
Lajos Szikszai (November 25, 1825 – August 31, 1897) was a Hungarian revolutionary, politician, Member of Parliament, vicecomes of Szilágy County and art collector.

Szikszai was born in Szilágysámson (Șamșud) into a noble family. After 1840, he studied at the Calvinist high school in Zilah (Zalău). He was a participant at the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. From 1862, Szikszai worked as a lawyer. In 1875, he became a member of the National Assembly of Hungary and from 1883 he was the vicecomes of Szilágy County. In 1880, Lajos Szikszai donated his private collection to the municipality and the first museum in Zilah was created. In his last years, he initiated the construction of the Tuhutum Monument, once located in a park in Zalău named after Lajos Szikszai.
Timeless Romance
Timeless Romance is a 1998 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Jeffrey Lau and David Lai, starring Tony Leung Chiu-wai. It won "Best Screenplay" and "Film of Merit" at the 1999 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards.

Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award
The Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award (Chinese: 香港電影評論學會大獎) is the annual award given by the Hong Kong Film Critics Society in Hong Kong since 1994. The award is determined by votes cast in three rounds after a substantial discussion session between the members of the society. The transcript of each discussion can be found in the annual journal of Hong Kong film reviews which is published by the society every year.

The society presents the awards in an informal yet prestigious ceremony. Over the years, several venues have been used for the awards presentation, including Planet Hollywood Restaurant (closed), Hong Kong Art Centre, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, and Hong Kong Film Archive.
Stewart Stockman
Sir Stewart Stockman MRCVS (1869–1926) was a 19th/20th century British veterinarian who served as Chief Veterinary Officer to the Ministry of Agriculture and as President of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons for the year 1923/24 and President of the National Veterinary Association. He was an expert on foot and mouth disease.

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons  (RCVS) is the regulatory body for veterinary surgeons in the United Kingdom, established in 1844 by royal charter. It is responsible for monitoring the educational, ethical and clinical standards of the veterinary profession. Anyone wishing to practice as a vet in the United Kingdom must be registered with the RCVS.
Going Home (Once Upon a Time)
"Going Home" is the eleventh episode of the third season of the American fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time, and the 55th episode overall. It served as the mid-season finale, and marked the first time in the series that six different story lines were used: four involving the character's past, one in the present, and a combined alternate past/fast forward outcome, the latter setting up the second half of the season.

In this episode, Rumplestiltskin (Robert Carlyle) hatches a plan to stop Peter Pan (Robbie Kay) from destroying Storybrooke with Regina's (Lana Parrilla) curse; the end result has Regina making an action that will change Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison) and Henry (Jared S. Gilmore).

The episode – written by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz – received critical acclaim from critics, mainly due to the episode's ending and Rumplestiltskin's role; however, the episode saw a significant ratings drop, with 6.44 million viewers watching, and attaining an 18-49 rating of 1.9.

Jennifer Morrison
Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress and director. She is most known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical-drama series House (2004–2012) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure-fantasy series Once Upon a Time (2011–2018). She has also portrayed Zoey Pierson, one of Ted Mosby's love interests, on the comedy series How I Met Your Mother; Winona Kirk, mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science-fiction film Star Trek; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film Warrior. She made her feature-film directorial debut with Sun Dogs (2017).
Clive Calder
Clive Ian Calder (born 13 December 1946) is a South African-British billionaire record executive and businessman primarily known for co-founding the Zomba Group with Ralph Simon, and its subsidiary Jive Records. As of October 2021, Calder has an estimated net worth of US$5.5 billion.

RCA/Jive Label Group
RCA/Jive Label Group (sometimes stylized as RCA/JIVE Label Group) was an American record label group, owned by Sony Music Entertainment and representing the merger of the RCA Music Group and JIVE Label Group. The umbrella group was formed in 2007 under the name BMG Label Group, was rebranded as RCA/Jive Label Group in 2009. In July 2011, it was finally dissolved into two separate labels: the RCA Music Group and Epic Records which took Jive subsidiaries (LaFace, Battery, etc.) until October 2011 when it retired Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. The artists on those three labels were moved to  RCA Records.