hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Anti-Imperialist League
The American Anti-Imperialist League was an organization established on June 15, 1898, to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area. The anti-imperialists opposed forced expansion, believing that imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed". The League argued that such activity would necessitate the abandonment of American ideals of self-government and non-intervention—ideals expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence, George Washington's Farewell Address and Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. The Anti-Imperialist League was ultimately defeated in the battle of public opinion by a new wave of politicians who successfully advocated the virtues of American territorial expansion in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War and in the first years of the 20th century, although the organization lasted until 1920.

Consent of the governed
In political philosophy, consent of the governed is the idea that a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is justified and lawful only when consented to by the people or society over which that political power is exercised. This theory of consent is starkly contrasted with the divine right of kings and has often been invoked against the legitimacy of colonialism. Article 21 of the United Nations' 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that "The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government".
Direct manipulation animation
Direct manipulation animation is one of the many forms of stop motion, but certainly blurring the distinction between stop motion and regular flat (drawing or "cel") animation.

Direct manipulation is a simplified variation of graphic animation which involves the frame-by-frame altering (erasing or adding to) a single drawing or graphic image, while taking a frame of film or video as each small change is made, as close as the stop motion process gets to simply animating a series of drawings, but without actually changing to completely separate drawings or graphics for each frame of film, a more traditional process that most people associate with the generic "animation' term.

Examples of direct-manipulation-animation are parts of J. Stuart Blackton's 1906 Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, the chalk animation opening sequence of Will Vinton's Dinosaur (1980), and parts of Mike Jittlov's 1977 short film, Animato.

Will Vinton
William Gale Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. Vinton was best known for his Claymation work, alongside creating iconic characters such as The California Raisins. He was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning once. He also accepted several Emmy and Clio Awards for his studio's work.
Colonization: Aftershocks
Colonization: Aftershocks is an alternate history and science fiction novel by Harry Turtledove. It is the third and final novel of the Colonization series and the seventh installment in the extended Worldwar series.

Harry Turtledove
Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American historian and author who is best known for his work in the genres of alternate history, historical fiction, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery fiction. He lives in Southern California.

In addition to his birth name, Turtledove writes under a number of pen names: Eric Iverson, H. N. Turteltaub, Dan Chernenko, and Mark Gordian. He began publishing novels in the realm of fantasy starting in 1979 and continues to write in the 2020s.
Vishal Amin
Vishal Amin is an American attorney and former government official. Amin previously served as the White House Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator, sometimes referred to as "IP Czar,” under Former President Donald Trump from 2017-2021. This position was created by an act of Congress in 2008 in order to help the U.S. government combat online piracy. Prior to assuming this role, Amin was senior counsel on the House Judiciary Committee.

A graduate of Johns Hopkins University and Washington University School of Law, Amin served in the administration of George W. Bush as the White House's associate director for domestic policy and as special assistant and associate director for policy in the United States Department of Commerce.

Cary Sherman, chairman and CEO of the Recording Industry Association of America, called Amin "a smart, thoughtful leader."

PRO-IP Act
The Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008 (PRO-IP Act of 2008, H.R. 4279, S. 3325, Pub. L. 110–403 (text) (PDF)) is a United States law that increases both civil and criminal penalties for trademark, patent and copyright infringement. The law also establishes a new executive branch office, the Office of the United States Intellectual Property Enforcement Representative (USIPER).
Ronny Yeager
Ronald Paul "Ronny" Yeager (born August 16, 1952) is a retired American cross-country skier. He competed in the 15 km event at the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics and finished 52nd-56th; in 1976 he also placed sixth with the 4 × 10 km relay team.

Yeager studied at Durango High School and graduated from University of Colorado in 1972. After retiring from competitions he returned to his hometown and started Ronny Yeager Durango Outfitting company.

Durango High School (Colorado)
Durango High School is a public high school in Durango, Colorado, United States. The school's historic building, now the district's administrative building, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties. The building opened in 1917, and served as a high school until it became the district administration building in 1976.
Meredith Berger
Meredith Ashley Berger is an American government official who had served as the United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Energy, Installations, and Environment. From August 25, 2021, until April 13, 2022, she concurrently served as the designated official performing the duties of the United States Under Secretary of the Navy.

Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998
The Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998  (commonly called the Vacancies Act)  (5 U.S.C. § 3345 et seq.) is a United States federal statute establishing the procedure for filling vacancies in an appointed office of an executive agency of the government before the appointment of a permanent replacement.

The Act allows an incoming President 300 days in which to temporarily and unilaterally fill positions with "acting" officers. After this initial extended period, the offices officially become vacant and the President has 210 days to fill the vacancies. However, provisions in the Act, described as a loophole, allow the president after these periods to assign the "nonexclusive duties" of a vacant position to a person to perform, provided they are not described as "acting". The de facto acting officers can be described as “performing the duties of...”, or similar description.
Sun-Brite Foods
Sun-Brite Foods is a Canadian food processing and canning company headquartered in Ruthven, Ontario.

Sun-Brite supplies the food industry with processed tomatoes, and also sells canned and bottled consumer products under the brands Unico and Primo. As of 2016, Sun-Brite was Canada's largest tomato processor.  In 2025 the company made 33 tomato-based products and processes thirteen kinds of beans, as well as producing dried pasta products.

Kingsville, Ontario
Kingsville is a town in Essex County, Ontario, Canada.

It is best known for being "Canada's Southernmost Town."

The town had a population of 22,119 in the Canada 2021 Census, a 2.6% increase from the previous census figure of 21,552 in 2016.
Alban Faust
Alban Faust is a luthier and player of traditional Swedish music, designated a Swedish Riksspelman ("musician of the realm") in 2009.  Born in Germany, Faust later moved to Dalsland, Mellerud, Sweden.

Since 1990 Faust has owned his own business, "Borduninstrument Alban Faust" (Alban Faust Drone Instruments), at which he produces säckpipa (Swedish bagpipes), as well as other types of French and German bagpipes.  Faust is also a musician, and chairman of the folk music organisation Dalslands Spelmansförbund.

Dalsland
Dalsland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈdɑ̌ːlsland]) is a Swedish traditional province, or landskap, situated in Götaland in southern Sweden. Lying to the west of Lake Vänern, it is bordered by Värmland to the north, Västergötland to the southeast, Bohuslän to the west, and Norway to the northwest.

The province has a low population density of around 14 inhabitants/km2 and just one town of significant size: Åmål. The total population numbers 50,604. The uninhabited areas are characterized by dense forests in the northwestern uplands and lakes in the east, giving rise to the epithet, commonly used for Dalsland, of "Sweden's lake province".

The Latinized name Dalia, which was often used to name Dalsland in older prints, can still sometimes be encountered.
Libor Pivko
Libor Pivko (born March 29, 1980) is a Czech former professional ice hockey left winger. He was drafted in the third round, 89th overall, by the Nashville Predators in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. He played one game in the National Hockey League with the Predators in the 2003–04 season, on November 24, 2003 against the Colorado Avalanche. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1998 to 2015, was mainly spent in the Czech Extraliga.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
Banff–Windermere Highway
The Banff–Windermere Highway, also known as the Banff–Windermere Parkway, is a 105 km (65 mi) highway which runs through the Canadian Rockies in British Columbia and Alberta in Canada. It runs from Radium Hot Springs, British Columbia to Castle Junction, Alberta (midway between Banff and Lake Louise), passing through Kootenay National Park and Banff National Park. It is designated as part of British Columbia Highway 93 and Alberta Highway 93.

Banff, Alberta
Banff is a resort town in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, 126 km (78 mi) west of Calgary, 58 km (36 mi) east of Lake Louise, and 1,400 to 1,630 m (4,590 to 5,350 ft) above sea level.

Banff was the first municipality to incorporate within a Canadian national park. The town is a member of the Calgary Regional Partnership.

Banff is one of Canada's most popular tourist destinations. Known for its mountainous surroundings and hot springs, it is a destination for outdoor sports and hiking, biking, scrambling and skiing. Sunshine Village, Ski Norquay and Lake Louise Ski Resort are nearby ski resorts within the national park.
Rabindranath Tagore University, Hojai
Rabindranath Tagore University is a public state university located in Hojai, Hojai district, Assam. The university is established by Rabindranath Tagore University Bill, 2017 which was passed by the Government of Assam on 7 September 2017. It was created by upgradation of Hojai College of Hojai, Hojai district.

In August 2024 Dr. Manabendra Dutta Choudhury took charge as 2nd Vice Chancellor of the University. On 7 June 2019, Amalendu Chakraborty took charge as the first Vice-Chancellor of Rabindranath Tagore University. It was named after Rabindranath Tagore, a Nobel laureate polymath, poet, and artist from the Indian subcontinent.

Government of Assam
The Government of Assam or Assam Government abbreviated as GoAS, is the state government of  the Indian state of Assam. It consists of the Governor appointed by the President of India as the head of the state, currently Lakshman Prasad Acharya. The head of government is the Chief Minister, currently Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, who is the leader of the group that commands a majority in the unicameral Assam Legislative Assembly. The Assam Assembly is elected by universal adult suffrage for a period of five years. The Chief Minister is assisted by a Council of Ministers that he nominates, the size of which is restricted.

In 2021, the National Democratic Alliance won a majority of seats in the legislature, with 75 seats, followed by Congress with 29 seats and AIUDF with 16.
Venkatesh Narayanamurti
Venkatesh Narayanamurti is an American scientist, public policy leader and academic administrator.

He studied physics at St. Stephen's College, Delhi, where he gained his bachelor's degree in 1958 and a master's degree in 1960. He was awarded a PhD by Cornell University in 1965.

Narayanamurti is the Benjamin Pierce Research Professor of Technology and Public Policy at Harvard University where he is a former dean (1998–2008) of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Narayanamurti was elected to membership in the National Academy of Engineering in 1992 for "developments in the field of phonon optics and leadership in electronic materials and device research and development". He also served on the Engineering and Computer Science jury for the Infosys Prize from 2011 to 2015.

St. Stephen's College, Delhi
St. Stephen's College is a constituent college of Delhi University. It awards both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. Established in 1881, it is one of the oldest and most prestigious liberal arts and sciences colleges in India. The college has an acceptance rate of 1.33%.
2017 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles
Roger Federer defeated Stan Wawrinka in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2017 Indian Wells Masters. It was his record-equaling fifth Indian Wells title, 25th Masters 1000 singles title, and 90th career singles title overall. He did not lose a set during the tournament.

Novak Djokovic was the three-time defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Nick Kyrgios.

Henri Laaksonen
Henri Joona Julius Laaksonen (Finnish: [ˈhenri ˈlɑːksonen],Swiss Standard German: [ˈhɛnriː ˈlaːksonɛn]; born 31 March 1992) is a Swiss former professional tennis player. His highest singles ranking is world No. 84, which he achieved on 14 February 2022, and his highest doubles ranking is world No. 191, achieved on 24 December 2018.
John Drayton House
The John Drayton House is a two-story wooden residence constructed on property that had been given by the state's first lieutenant governor, William Bull, to his son-in-law, John Drayton. The house was built, probably by John Drayton (the builder of Drayton Hall plantation), some time after 1746 with alterations made in about 1813 and again in about 1900. Over time, the house has been attributed to different owners; during most of the 20th century, the house was credited to James Shoolbred, the first British consul in Charleston, with a construction date of about 1793.

Drayton Hall
Drayton Hall is an 18th-century plantation house located on the Ashley River about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Charleston, South Carolina, and directly across the Ashley River from North Charleston, west of the Ashley in the Lowcountry. An example of Palladian architecture in North America and the only plantation house on the Ashley River to survive intact through both the Revolutionary and Civil wars, it is a National Historic Landmark.
Ben Henderson (baseball)
Benjamin Henderson, nicknamed "Rabbit", is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s.

Henderson played for the Birmingham Black Barons in 1937. In five recorded appearances on the mound, he posted an 8.63 ERA over 24 innings.

Birmingham Black Barons
The Birmingham Black Barons were a Negro league baseball team that played from 1920 until 1960, including 18 seasons recognized as Major League by Major League Baseball. They shared their home field of Rickwood Field in Birmingham, Alabama, with the white Birmingham Barons, usually drawing larger crowds and equal press.
Anne-Lot Hoek
Anne-Lot Hoek (born 17 June 1978) is a Dutch historian, independent researcher and author. She writes historical non-fiction, articles and academic publications, with a focus on colonial history and the independence struggle in South-Africa, Namibia and Indonesia.

NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies
The NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (Dutch: NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies) is an organisation in the Netherlands which maintains archives and carries out historical studies into the Second World War, the Holocaust and other genocides around the world, past and present. The institute was founded as a merger of the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (Dutch: Nederlands instituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie, NIOD, formerly National Institute for War Documentation, Dutch: Rijksinstituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie, RIOD) and the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies (CHGS).

It has been part of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1 January 1999.
Junki Kishimoto
Junki Kishimoto (岸本淳希, Kishimoto Junki; born February 19, 1996) is a Japanese baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Chunichi Dragons.

Chunichi Dragons
The Chunichi Dragons (中日ドラゴンズ, Chūnichi Doragonzu) are a professional baseball team based in Nagoya, the chief city in the Chūbu region of Japan. The team plays in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. They have won the Central League pennant nine times (most recently in 2011) and the Japan Series twice (in 1954 and 2007). They were also champions in the 2007 Asia Series.
Elaine Carbines
Elaine Cafferty Carbines AM (born 4 February 1957) is an Australian former politician. She was a member of the Labor Party and represented Geelong Province in the Victorian Legislative Council from September 1999 to November 2006.

Geelong Province
Geelong Province was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Council 
until 2006, located around Geelong. It was abolished from the 2006 state election in the wake of the Bracks Labor government's reform of the Legislative Council. The area of the former Geelong Province then became part of the larger Western Victoria Region.
Tariq Umar Khan
Tariq Umar Khan (born on 12 September 1976) is an Indian production designer, art director, and film director who works in Bollywood (Hindi cinema). His film The Good Road was selected as the Indian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards.

Dolly Ki Doli
Dolly Ki Doli (transl. Dolly's palanquin) is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film, directed by debutant Abhishek Dogra and produced by actor Arbaaz Khan under his production house Arbaaz Khan Productions. The film stars Sonam Kapoor in the title role and also features Pulkit Samrat, Rajkummar Rao and Varun Sharma. The film was released on 23 January 2015. The trailer for the film was released in December 2014, on the anniversary of Malaika and Arbaaz. It is a remake of the 2013 Punjabi film R.S.V.P. - Ronde Saare Vyah Picho.

Kapoor's performance was praised, earning her a Best Actress nomination at the 61st Filmfare Awards.
John the Ripper
John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs as it combines a number of password crackers into one package, automatically detects password hash types, and includes a customizable cracker. It can be run against various encrypted password formats including several crypt password hash types most commonly found on various Unix versions (based on DES, MD5, or Blowfish), Kerberos AFS, and Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 LM hash. Additional modules have extended its ability to include MD4-based password hashes and passwords stored in LDAP, MySQL, and others.

Kerberos (protocol)
Kerberos (/ˈkɜːrbərɒs/) is a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client–server model, and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.

Kerberos builds on symmetric-key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication. Kerberos uses UDP port 88 by default.

The protocol was named after the character Cerberus, also spelled Kerberos, from Greek mythology, the ferocious three-headed guard dog of Hades.
Sol Jong-sik
Sol Jong-sik (Korean: 설정식; Hanja: 薛貞植; RR: Seol Jeongsik; 18 September 1912 – 30 August 1953) was a Korean poet, novelist, translator, literary scholar, and politician. He graduated from Yeonhee College, before achieving a B.A. in English Literature from Mount Union College, Ohio, and a master's degree in philosophy from Columbia University. He returned to Korea and became a published poet, and then worked with the U.S. military government and the left-wing Korean Writers Alliance after the liberation. He defected to North Korea during the Korean War but was executed in 1953 during the Namrodang Purge on charges of espionage. He is considered one of the most influential political poets of the liberation period of South Korea.

University of Mount Union
The University of Mount Union is a private liberal arts university in Alliance, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1846, the university was affiliated with the Methodist Church until 2019. It had an enrollment of 2,100 students as of 2023.
Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)
Michael Kenneth Moore ONZ AO PC (28 January 1949 – 2 February 2020) was a New Zealand politician, union organiser, and author. In the Fourth Labour Government he served in several portfolios including minister of foreign affairs, and was the 34th prime minister of New Zealand for 59 days before the 1990 general election elected a new parliament. Following Labour's defeat in that election, Moore served as Leader of the Opposition until the 1993 election, after which Helen Clark successfully challenged him for the Labour Party leadership.

Following his retirement from New Zealand politics, Moore was Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 1999 to 2002. He also held the post of New Zealand Ambassador to the United States from 2010 to 2015.

Union organizer
A union organizer (or union organiser in Commonwealth spelling) is a specific type of trade union member (often elected) or an appointed union official.

In some unions, the organizer's role is to recruit groups of workers under the organizing model. In other unions, the organizer's role is largely that of servicing members and enforcing work rules, similar to the role of a shop steward. In some unions, organizers may also take on industrial/legal roles such as making representations before Fair Work Commission, tribunals, or courts.

In North America, a union organizer is a union representative who "organizes" or unionizes non-union companies or worksites. Organizers primarily exist to assist non-union workers in forming chapters of locals, usually by leading them in their efforts.