hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Indian Institute of Spices Research
The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) is an autonomous organisation engaged in agricultural research related to spices in India. The institute has its headquarters in Moozhikkal, Silver Hills, Kozhikode, Kerala and is a subsidiary of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, under the Ministry of Agriculture, India.

Germplasm
Germplasm refers to genetic resources such as seeds, tissues, and DNA sequences that are maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, conservation efforts, agriculture, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, trees growing in nurseries, animal breeding lines maintained in animal breeding programs or gene banks. Germplasm collections can range from collections of wild species to elite, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone extensive human selection. Germplasm collection is important for the maintenance of biological diversity, food security, and conservation efforts.

In the United States, germplasm resources are regulated by the National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), created by the U.S. congress in 1990. In addition the web server The Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) provides information about germplasms as they pertain to agriculture production.
1980 NSL Cup final
The 1980 NSL Cup final was the final match of the 1980 NSL Cup, the fourth season of the National Soccer League Cup. It was first played at Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne on 4 October 1980 between Heidelberg United and Marconi Fairfield, before it was replayed in Marconi Oval in Sydney on 15 October 1980.

Marconi Fairfield won the replay match 3–0 after a 0–0 draw in the initial match for their first NSL Cup title. As winners of the NSL Cup, Marconi Fairfield qualified for the 1981 Charity Shield, which they won against National Soccer League champions Sydney City.

Olympic Park Stadium (Melbourne)
Olympic Park Stadium was a multi-purpose outdoor stadium located on Olympic Boulevard in inner Melbourne, Australia. The stadium was built as an athletics training venue for the 1956 Olympics, a short distance from the Melbourne Cricket Ground, which served as the Olympic Stadium. Over the years it was the home of rugby league side, Melbourne Storm and the A-League team, Melbourne Victory; throughout its life the stadium played host to athletics. Olympic Park Stadium was located in Olympic Park, which is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct.

Olympic Park Stadium was demolished in 2012, and replaced with an Australian rules football ground. This new ground, Olympic Park Oval, has been used by the Collingwood Football Club for training purposes, it being adjacent to the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre.
St. Marys Bay, Nova Scotia
St. Marys Bay (French: Baie Sainte-Marie, Miꞌkmaq: Wagweiik) south western Nova Scotia, Canada, is surrounded by the modern municipal districts of Clare Municipal District and Digby.

The principal sources of the economy of the Acadians are fishing and the French-language university Université Sainte-Anne.

Mi'kmaq language
Miꞌkmaq (/ˈmɪɡmɑː/ MIG-mah; Mi'kmaq: [miːɡmax]) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 11,000 Miꞌkmaq in Canada and the United States; the total ethnic Miꞌkmaq population is roughly 20,000.

The native name of the language is Lnuismk, Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk or Miꞌkmwei (in some dialects). The word Miꞌkmaq is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular miꞌkm); the adjectival form is Miꞌkmaw.
Miꞌkmaq has historically been spelled and pronounced Micmac /ˈmɪkmæk/ in English. Contemporary spellings include Migmaw and Mikmaw in English, and Míkmaq, Míkmaw and Mìgmao in Miꞌkmaq.
Spatial gradient
A spatial gradient is a gradient whose components are spatial derivatives, i.e., rate of change of a given scalar physical quantity with respect to the position coordinates in physical space. 
Homogeneous regions have spatial gradient vector norm equal to zero.
When evaluated over vertical position (altitude or depth), it is called vertical derivative or  vertical gradient; the remainder is called horizontal gradient component, the vector projection of the full gradient onto the horizontal plane.

Examples:

Biology

Concentration gradient, the ratio of solute concentration between two adjoining regions

Potential gradient, the difference in electric charge between two adjoining regions

Fluid dynamics and earth science

Density gradient

Pressure gradient

Temperature gradient
Geothermal gradient
Sound speed gradient

Wind gradient

Lapse rate

Physical quantity
A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed as a value, which is a pair of a numerical value and a unit of measurement. For example, the physical quantity mass, symbol m, can be quantified as m=n kg, where n is the numerical value and kg is the unit symbol (for kilogram). Vector quantities have, besides numerical value and unit, direction or orientation in space.
Margaret Nichols (animator)
Margaret Nichols (c. 1930 – November 5, 2012) was an American animator and television director. Professionally, she was also known as Margaret Flores Nichols and Margaret Grewell.

She directed several animated television series, including The Transformers from 1985–86; four series in 1986 - The Glo Friends, MoonDreamers, Inhumanoids and Potato Head Kids; My Little Pony 'n Friends from 1986 to 1987; and the Fraggle Rock animated series in 1987.

Nichols was employed between 1955 until 1993 by such studios as Warner Bros., Walt Disney Animation Studios, UPA, Fleischer Studios, Snowball Animation, Ray Patin, TV Spots, Creston, Eagle, Hanna-Barbera, Marvel Productions, Universal Studios and Graz Entertainment. She served on the executive board of The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 (1980–85).

MoonDreamers
MoonDreamers is an American short-lived animated television series that aired in 1986 as part of the My Little Pony 'n Friends lineup.

My Little Pony aired the first 15 minutes and the second half rotated among MoonDreamers, Potato Head Kids and The Glo Friends, all of which promoted toys from Hasbro.
Auckland Anniversary Day
Auckland Anniversary Day is a public holiday observed in the northern half of the North Island of New Zealand, being the area's provincial anniversary day. It is observed throughout the historic Auckland Province, even though the provinces of New Zealand were abolished in 1876. The modern area of observation consists of all of the Northland (where it is known as Northland Day), Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Gisborne regions, as well as some parts of the Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay regions north of the 39th parallel. The holiday falls on the Monday closest to 29 January, the anniversary of the arrival of William Hobson, later the first Governor of New Zealand, in the country in 1840.

Manawatū–Whanganui
Manawatū-Whanganui ([manawaˈtʉː ˈˀwaŋanʉi]; spelled Manawatu-Wanganui prior to 2019) is a region in the lower half of the North Island of New Zealand, whose main population centres are the cities of Palmerston North and Whanganui. It is administered by the Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council, which operates under the name Horizons Regional Council. The region covers over 22,000 square kilometres (13,670.166 mi), making it the sixth largest region by area in the country and is home to 261,100 residents.
The Battle of Navarino
The Battle of Navarino is an 1828 oil painting by the British artist George Philip Reinagle. A seascape, it depicts the naval Battle of Navarino fought on 20 October 1827 at during the Greek War of Independence. The battle took place off the coast of the Peloponnese when a combined force of British, French and Russian ships under the Royal Navy Admiral Edward Codrington defeated the fleet of the Ottoman Empire.

The event was celebrated in Britain and Coddington became a public hero. Reinagle was the youngest son of the artist Ramsay Richard Reinagle, and became known for his seascapes. He witnessed the battle from the deck of HMS Mosquito and on his return to England published lithographs based on the campaign as well as several paintings.

The work was displayed at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1829 at Somerset House. Today it is in the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Cape Wadworth
Cape Wadworth is the northern extremity of Coulman Island, in the Ross Sea just off Victoria Land. Discovered 17 January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it to compliment his wife's uncle, Robert John Coulman of Wadworth Hall, Doncaster.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Sura (state constituency)
Sura is a state constituency in Terengganu, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1959 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
The Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Terengganu. It consists of 32 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are customarily held alongside elections to the federal parliament during a general election.

The State Assembly convenes at the Wisma Darul Iman in the state capital, Kuala Terengganu.

All 32 seats are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election, effectively making it a one-party state. Within the coalition, the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) holds 27 seats while the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) holds 5 seats. The PN coalition  commands a supermajority in the assembly.
Polysulfide
Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula S2−n. These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes H2Sn. Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae R1SnR2, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.

Aryl group
In organic chemistry, an aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl. "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization, and "Ar" is used as a placeholder for the aryl group in chemical structure diagrams, analogous to “R” used for any organic substituent. “Ar” is not to be confused with the elemental symbol for argon.

A simple aryl group is phenyl (C6H5−), a group derived from benzene. Examples of other aryl groups consist of:

The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene)

The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene (dimethylbenzene)

The naphthyl group (C10H7−), which is derived from naphthalene

Arylation is the process in which an aryl group is attached to a substituent. It is typically achieved by cross-coupling reactions.
Havelock Town
Havelock Town is a neighbourhood of Colombo, Sri Lanka, part of an area zoned as Colombo 5. It is located approximately 6 kilometres south of Fort, the central business district of Colombo. Havelock City, a mixed-used development in Havelock Town is to be the largest property development in Sri Lanka incorporating residential and commercial facilities.

It is named after Arthur Havelock who served as the British governor of Ceylon from 1890 to 1895.

Arthur Havelock
Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE (7 May 1844 – 25 June 1908) was a career British colonial governor, serving as Governor of Sierra Leone from 1880, of Natal, of Madras, of Ceylon from 1890 to 1895, and of Tasmania from 1901 to 1904.
2007 Duramed Futures Tour
The 2007 Duramed Futures Tour was a series of professional women's golf tournaments held from March through September 2007 in the United States. The Futures Tour is the second-tier women's professional golf tour in the United States and is the "official developmental tour" of the LPGA Tour.

On July 18, 2007, the LPGA announced that it had acquired the Futures Tour effective immediately, "bringing women's professional golf now under one umbrella."  Previously the Futures Tour had operated as a licensee of the LPGA.

Epson Tour
The Epson Tour, previously known as the LPGA Futures Tour, and known for sponsorship reasons between 2006 and 2010 as the Duramed Futures Tour and between 2012 and 2021 as the Symetra Tour, is the official developmental golf tour of the LPGA Tour. Tour membership is open to professional women golfers and to qualified amateurs.
XHSCO-FM
XHSCO-FM is a radio station in Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico. Broadcasting on 96.3 FM, XHSCO-FM is owned by the Instituto Mexicano de la Radio and broadcasts a news and music format under the name "Estéreo Istmo".

XHSCO-FM broadcasts in HD.

Salina Cruz
Salina Cruz is a major seaport on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is the state's fourth-largest city and is the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name.  
It is part of the Tehuantepec District in the west of the Istmo Region.
The city had a 2020 census population of 76,660, while its municipality, with an area of 131.9 km2 (50.9 sq mi) had a population of 84,438, the state's fifth-largest municipality in population.

The port was developed in the late 19th century due to its location at the southern terminus of the Tren Interoceánico, which carried freight across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
2005 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres
The women's 200 metres at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics was held on August 10, 11 and 12 at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium.

Olympic gold medalist Veronica Campbell, Christine Arron and Kim Gevaert were the early leaders out of the blocks.  The powerful Campbell ran on the outside of her lane 7 and into the lane of Yulia Gushchina though she was so far ahead of Gushchina that she wasn't in danger of interfering.  Arron held the lead as Gevaert faded from contention.  Teenage sensation and Olympic silver medalist, Allyson Felix was more than a stride behind and slightly behind her was Rachelle Boone-Smith.  While Campbell corrected her heading, Felix began to go by, gaining on Arron.  Felix went by Arron and on to the win showing little strain.  Arron and Campbell strained to get to the line against each other.  Virtually unnoticed, Boone-Smith gained steadily and was able to nip both of them at the line with Arron holding on to beat Campbell for bronze.

Helsinki Olympic Stadium
The Helsinki Olympic Stadium (Finnish: Helsingin Olympiastadion; Swedish: Helsingfors Olympiastadion), located in the Töölö district about 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) from the centre of the Finnish capital Helsinki, is the largest stadium in the country. The stadium is best known for being the centre of activities in the 1952 Summer Olympics. During those games, it hosted athletics, equestrian show jumping, and the football finals.

The stadium was also the venue for the first Bandy World Championship in 1957, the first and tenth World Athletics Championships, in 1983 and 2005. It hosted the European Athletics Championships in 1971, 1994 and 2012. It is also the home stadium of the Finland national football team.

The stadium reopened in August 2020 after four years of renovation.
Pietro Valpreda
Pietro Valpreda (29 September 1932 – 6 July 2002) was an Italian anarchist, poet, dancer, and novelist. He was sentenced to prison on charges of being responsible for the Piazza Fontana bombing in December 1969. In 1987, he was acquitted by Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation for lack of evidence.

Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)
The Supreme Court of Cassation (Italian: Corte Suprema di Cassazione) is the highest court of appeal or court of last resort in Italy. It has its seat in the Palace of Justice, Rome.

The Court of Cassation also ensures the correct application of law in the inferior and appeal courts and resolves disputes as to which lower court (penal, civil, administrative, military) has jurisdiction to hear a given case.
Actran
ACTRAN (acronym of ACoustic TRANsmission, also known as the Acoustic NASTRAN) is a finite element-based computer aided engineering software modeling the acoustic behavior of mechanical systems and parts. Actran is being developed by Free Field Technologies, a Belgian software company founded in 1998 by Jean-Pierre Coyette and Jean-Louis Migeot. Free Field Technologies is a wholly owned subsidiary of the MSC Software Corporation since 2011. Free Field Technologies and MSC Software are part of Hexagon AB since 2017.

Hexagon AB
Hexagon AB is a multinational industrial technology company. Headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, and publicly traded on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange, the company since 2000 has had a particular focus on measuring technology and geospatial tools and software. After its founding, between 2000 and 2022, Hexagon completed more than 170 acquisitions, and it is the parent company of Leica Geosystems and Infor EAM, among other subsidiaries. With around 24,000 employees, Hexagon's revenue in 2023 was US$5.5 billion, while assets were $18.1 billion.
Bure (Fiji)
Bure is the Fijian word for a wood-and-straw hut, sometimes similar to a cabin.

In its original sense, a bure is a structure built of anything that comes to hand. The components of a bure are either stacked together, tied together by rope, or a combination of both methods.

Traditionally, ethnic Fijians lived in two types of houses; a vale was the family house, while men's houses (where circumcised males of the clan met, ate, and slept) were known as bures. Both of these buildings were dark and smoky inside, with no windows and usually only one low door. Vales had hearth pits where the women cooked, and the packed earth floor was covered with grass or fern leaves and then carpeted with pandanus leaf or coarse coconut leaf mats.

Fijian language
Fijian (Na vosa vaka-Viti) is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken by some 350,000–450,000 ethnic Fijians as a native language. In the 2013 Constitution, Fijian (referred to as iTaukei) is an official language of Fiji, along with English and Fiji Hindi and there is discussion about establishing it as the "national language". Fijian is a VOS language.

Standard Fijian is based on the Bau dialect, which is an East Fijian language.
A pidginized form is used by many Indo-Fijians and Chinese on the islands, while Pidgin Hindustani is used by many rural ethnic Fijians and Chinese in areas dominated by Indo-Fijians.
The Cure for Death by Lightning
The Cure for Death by Lightning is the debut novel from Canadian author Gail Anderson-Dargatz. It was nominated for the Giller Prize, was awarded the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize, and became a bestseller in Canada (selling over 100,000 copies) and Great Britain (where it won a Betty Trask Award).

Betty Trask Prize and Awards
The Betty Trask Prize and Awards are for first novels written by authors under the age of 35 who reside in a current or former Commonwealth nation. Each year the awards total at least £20,000, with normally one author receiving a larger prize amount (£10,000 in very recent years), called the "Prize", and the remainder given to the other nominees, called the "Awards". These were established in 1984 by the Society of Authors at the bequest of the late Betty Trask, a reclusive author of over thirty romance novels. They're given to traditional or romantic novels, rather than those of an experimental style, and either published or unpublished works.
Ammankudi
Ammankudi is a village in the Orathanadu taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Ammankudi, also known as Rajarajeswaram and Devi Tapovanam is situated near Kumbakonam in Thanjavur District. It is about 20 km from Kumbakonam. Presiding Hindu deities are Parvati and the Kailasanatha Swamy.

Thanjavur district
Thanjavur district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. Its headquarters is Thanjavur (Tanjore) . The district is located in the delta of the Cauvery River and is mostly agrarian.
Emu War
The Emu War (or Great Emu War) was a nuisance wildlife management military operation undertaken in Australia in late 1932 to address public concern over the number of emus, large flightless birds indigenous to Australia, said to have been destroying crops in the Campion district within the Wheatbelt of Western Australia. The unsuccessful attempts to curb the emu population led to the deployment of Royal Australian Artillery soldiers armed with Lewis guns—leading the media to adopt the name "Emu War" when referring to the incident. Although many birds were killed, the emu population persisted and continued to cause crop destruction.

Dominic Serventy
Dominic Louis Serventy (28 March 1904 – 8 August 1988) was an Australian ornithologist.  He was president of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (RAOU) 1947–1949.  He assisted with the initial organisation of the British Museum's series of Harold Hall Australian ornithological collecting expeditions during the 1960s, also participating in the third (1965) expedition.
Volleyball at the 2022 South American Games – Women's tournament
The women's tournament of the volleyball at the 2022 South American Games was held from 10 to 14 October 2022 at the Paraguayan Volleyball Federation facilities in the SND complex cluster in Asunción, Paraguay. It was the sixth appearance of the volleyball women's tournament since the first edition in La Paz 1978 (it was not held from Santiago 1986 to Buenos Aires 2006).

Peru won the gold medal and their second South American Games women's volleyball title after beating Argentina by a narrow 3–2 score in the final. Chile beat the defending champions Colombia 3–0 to win the bronze medal.

1986 South American Games
The III South American Games (Spanish: Juegos Sudamericanos; Portuguese: Jogos Sul-Americanos) were a multi-sport event held in 1986 in Santiago, Chile, with some events in Concepción and Viña del Mar. The Games were organized by the South American Sports Organization (ODESUR) and were initially awarded to Brazil at its 1982 congress held in Rosario.  However, four months later, Brazil declined the offer.  Therefore, Guayaquil and Quito in Ecuador were chosen, but due to lack of government support the games were finally moved to Santiago, Chile.

An appraisal of the games and detailed medal lists were published
elsewhere,
emphasizing the results of the Argentinian teams. Torch lighter at the Estadio Nacional de Chile
was athlete Omar Aguilar.

Suriname had the first appearance at the games resulting in a total of 11 teams participating.