hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nadan
Nadan (English: The actor) is a 2013 Malayalam drama film directed by Kamal and written by S. Suresh Babu. Jayaram and Remya Nambeeshan play the lead roles, while the rest of the cast are former theatre artists that include K. P. A. C. Lalitha, Joy Mathew, P. Balachandran, Hareesh Peradi and Sasi Kalinga. It was produced by Anilkumar Ambalakkara under the banner of Ambalakkara Global Films. Nadan features some famous scenes from the famous Kerala People's Arts Club (K P A C) dramas Ningalenne Communistakki and Mudiyanaya Puthran.

Ningalenne Communistakki
Ningalenne Communistakki (meaning: you made me a communist) is a Malayalam socio-political play by Kerala People's Arts Club (KPAC). This was the second and most popular stage play of KPAC. This drama propelled KPAC into the forefront of Kerala cultural scene and played a historical role in popularising the Communist movement in Kerala during the 1950s eventually leading to the establishment of first democratically elected communist ministry in the world in 1957 in Kerala.
Danta Bai
Danta Bai, also called Dan ta bai, is a village on the Upper Suriname River. It is located in municipality (resort) Boven Suriname in Brokopondo District in Suriname.

Danta Bai can be reached by car on the way from Paramaribo, Eight kilometers before Pokigron to the left. There are a number of group accommodations. The flow of the river is strong here. One can reach it by boat from Pokigron as well.

Nearby towns and villages include Abenaston (4.1 nm), Pokigron (1.4 nm), Mofina (15.8 nm), Baikutu (4.2 nm) and Zoewatta (3.6 nm).

Paramaribo
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 252,581 people as of 2025 estimate, almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
Chiang Wei-shui Memorial Park
The Chiang Wei-shui Memorial Park (traditional Chinese: 蔣渭水紀念公園; simplified Chinese: 蒋渭水纪念公园; pinyin: Jiǎng Wèishuǐ Jìniàn Gōngyuánn) is a memorial park in Datong District, Taipei, Taiwan. The park commemorates Chiang Wei-shui.

Chiang Wei-shui
Chiang Wei-shui (Chinese: 蔣渭水; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chiúⁿ Ūi-súi; 6 August 1890 – 5 August 1931) was a Taiwanese physician and activist. He was a founding member of the Taiwanese Cultural Association and the Taiwanese People's Party. He is seen as one of the most important figures in Taiwan's resistance movement against Japanese rule.

He once wrote a short essay on Taiwan called Certificate of Bedside Diagnosis or Certificate of Clinical Diagnosis (臨床講義) about how the patient (Taiwan) suffered from severe culture malnutrition. Written in the form of a medical examination, it is his most famous work.
Y. V. Krishna Rao
Y. V. Krishna Rao (1915 September 15–26 December 2010), popularly known as YVK, was an Indian politician and leader of Communist Party of India who served as General Secretary and President of the All India Kisan Sabha.

All India Kisan Sabha
All India Kisan Sabha (abbr. AIKS; lit. All India Farmers Union, also known as the Akhil Bharatiya Kisan Sabha) is the peasant or farmers' wing of the Communist Party of India, an important peasant movement formed by Sahajanand Saraswati in 1936.
Don't Just Sit There!
Don't Just Sit There! is a television show that first aired in 1988 and lasted for three seasons on Nickelodeon. It was a variety talk show comedy show. Segments included making food or taking things apart such as a Nintendo, interviews with celebrity guests, or straight comedy sketches. The basic concept of the show was to give kids ideas for different things they could do rather than just sitting and watching TV, hence the title. Out of Order was the house band on the series; the band’s members would later get to sing on the show as well as participate in sketches.

The show's guests included Davy Jones, Mayim Bialik, Lou Diamond Phillips, Tami Erin, Downtown Julie Brown, Michael Palin, William Shatner, Jerry O'Connell, Yahoo Serious,"Weird Al" Yankovic, Michael Richards, Marc Summers, New Kids on the Block, and Robert Englund wearing his Freddy Krueger make-up and costume. One of the first musical guests on the show was the ska band Fishbone.

Jerry O'Connell
Jeremiah O'Connell (born February 17, 1974) is an American actor and TV show host. He is known for his roles as Quinn Mallory in the television series Sliders, Andrew Clements in My Secret Identity, Vern Tessio in the film Stand by Me (1986), Joe in Joe's Apartment (1996), Frank Cushman in Jerry Maguire (1996), Derek in Scream 2 (1997), Michael in Tomcats (2001), Charlie Carbone in Kangaroo Jack (2003), and Detective Woody Hoyt on the NBC drama Crossing Jordan. He starred as Pete Kaczmarek in the single 2010–2011 season of The Defenders. He also had a starring role in the comedy horror film Piranha 3D (2010). Recently, he voiced Commander Jack Ransom on the animated series Star Trek: Lower Decks and hosted a version of Pictionary syndicated on Fox stations.
Lovetown, USA
Lovetown, USA is an American reality documentary television series on the Oprah Winfrey Network that premiered on August 19, 2012. Lovetown, USA follows the community in Kingsland, GA as they take on Oprah's challenge to become one loving community in 30 days.

Kingsland, Georgia
Kingsland is a city in Camden County, Georgia, United States. The population was 18,337 at the 2020 census, up from 15,946 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Kingsland, Georgia Micropolitan Statistical Area. As Kingsland is 3 miles from the Florida-Georgia border and 32 miles from Jacksonville, it is also a principal city of the Jacksonville—Kingsland—Palatka, Florida—Georgia Combined Statistical Area.

The Kingsland Commercial Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1994. It includes the area surrounding South Lee Street between King Street and William Street. It hosts an annual Catfish Festival on Labor Day weekend and is the location where the fan series Star Trek Continues was filmed.
Reader-response criticism
Reader-response criticism is a school of literary theory that focuses on the reader (or "audience") and their experience of a literary work, in contrast to other schools and theories that focus attention primarily on the author, content, or form of the work.

Mode (literature)
In literature and other artistic media, a mode is an unspecific critical term usually designating a broad but identifiable kind of literary method, mood, or manner that is not tied exclusively to a particular form or genre. Examples are the satiric mode, the ironic, the comic, the pastoral, and the didactic.
Hu Yuan
Hu Yuan (Chinese: 胡瑗, 993–1059), courtesy name Yizhi (Chinese: 翼之). Born in Hailing, Taizhou (today's Taizhou, Jiangsu). Since he lived in the Fort Anding in the modern-day Zichang County, he was also called "Mr. Anding" (Chinese: 安定先生, Ān dìng xiān sheng).

An educator from the Northern Song dynasty, he was considered one of the so-called "Three masters of the beginning of the Song dynasty" (宋初三先生). As an educator, he privileged the understating of the substance and function (Chinese: 體用) and literature (Chinese: 文) as the way of the Confucian sages.

He was also considered one of the forerunners of Neo-Confucianism, was a teacher of Cheng Yi, and wrote a comment on the Yijing. Zhu Xi regarded him as a relatively important Confucian of the Song dynasty

He was the ancestor of Hu Dunfu, a modern Chinese mathematician.

Taizhou, Jiangsu
Taizhou (Chinese: 泰州; pinyin: Tàizhōu) is a city in Jiangsu province in eastern China. Situated on the north bank of the Yangtze River, it borders Nantong to the east, Yancheng to the north and Yangzhou to the west.

The 2020 Chinese census counted its population at 4,512,762 of whom 1,504,014 live in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts (Hailing, Jiangyan and Gaogang).
Dafne Shimizu
Dafne Mansapit-Shimizu is a Chamorro politician from Guam. She was appointed the Director of Guam Department of Revenue and Taxation (DRT) on 17 January 2019. According to Governor Lou Leon Guerrero, under Mansapit-Shimizu's leadership the DRT had administered "some of the most ambitious and broadly impactful programs ever implemented by any agency in our island’s history".

During the COVID-19 pandemic this included the administration of emergency payments and the extension of child tax credit. She has also worked to enforce the collection of unpaid taxes across Guam, by improving technical infrastructure and human resourcing. She is Vice Chairperson of the Cannabis Control Board in Guam, which legalised the use of recreational cannabis in April 2019.

Shimizu resigned as Director of Revenue in November 2023 to assume a new position as comptroller of the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport Authority.

Cannabis in Guam
Cannabis in Guam has been legal for medical use since 2015 and legal for recreational use since April 2019. Guam was the first United States Territory to legalize medical marijuana, passing via a ballot referendum in 2014.

The 2012 UNODC World Drug Report ranked Guam as the third-highest jurisdiction for adult cannabis use in the world at 18.4%. As of 2017, NORML reported that possession of less than an ounce outside a school zone could result in a civil infraction with a $100 fine.
40S ribosomal protein S2
The RPS2 gene is the gene which, in humans, encodes the 40S ribosomal protein S2.

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S5P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene shares sequence similarity with mouse LLRep3. It is co-transcribed with the small nucleolar RNA gene U64, which is located in its third intron. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.

Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)
The eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome (80S), with the other major component being the large ribosomal subunit (60S). The "40S" and "60S" names originate from the convention that ribosomal particles are denoted according to their sedimentation coefficients in Svedberg units. It is structurally and functionally related to the 30S subunit of 70S prokaryotic ribosomes. However, the 40S subunit is much larger than the prokaryotic 30S subunit and contains many additional protein segments, as well as rRNA expansion segments.
Vuyisile
Vuyisile is a given name, derived from the Nguni word vuya, meaning "be happy". Notable people with the given name include:

Vuyisile Colossa (born 1982), South African boxer

Vuyisile Malomane, South African politician

Thembeka Vuyisile Buyisile Mchunu (born 1968), South African politician

Vuyisile Mini (1920–1964), South African trade unionist

Vuyisile Wana (born 1987), South African soccer player

Vuyisile Colossa
Vuyisile Colossa (born 28 June 1982) is a South African professional mixed martial artist and kickboxer, a 5-time world champion in kickboxing and Muay Thai. He has been a professional competitor in kickboxing since 2002 and a professional MMA competitor since 2010.
Rewa (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji)
Rewa Fijian Provincial Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate was coextensive with Rewa Province.

The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.

2001 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji in August and September 2001. The Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua party won 18 of the 23 seats reserved for ethnic Fijians and one of three "general electorates" set aside for Fiji's European, Chinese, and other minorities. It also won 13 of the 25 "open electorates," so-called because they are open to candidates of any race and are elected by universal suffrage.  The remaining five ethnic Fijian seats, and one open electorate, were won by the Conservative Alliance, one of whom was George Speight who had led the putsch against the lawful government the year before. Chaudhry's Labour Party won all 19 Indo-Fijian seats and eight open electorates.  The New Labour Unity Party, formed by defectors from the FLP, won one general electorate and one open electorate.  The three remaining seats (one general electorate, one open electorate, and the Rotuman Islanders' seat) were won by minor parties and independent candidates.
Oulad Amer
Oulad Amer is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 5779 people living in 753 households.

Settat Province
Settat (Arabic: سطات) is a province of Morocco in the Casablanca-Settat Region. The province had a population of 651,327 people in 2024.

The Wali (governor) of the region is Bouchaib El Moutawakkil. The major cities and towns are:

Ben Ahmed

El Borouj

Guisser

Loulad

Oulad M'Rah

Oulad Said

Ras El Ain, Morocco

Settat
Spotted bush warbler
The spotted bush warbler (Locustella thoracica) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Locustellidae.
It is found in the northern Himalayas, Yunnan and central China, in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar and Nepal. Its natural habitat is arboreal forests.

Old World warbler
The Old World warblers are a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. They are not closely related to the New World warblers. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into Cisticolidae and the kinglets into Regulidae. In the past 20–30 years they have been the subject of much research and many species are now placed into other families, including the Acrocephalidae, Cettiidae, Phylloscopidae, and Megaluridae. In addition some species have been moved into existing families or have not yet had their placement fully resolved. Only a small number of warblers, in just two genera, are now retained in the family Sylviidae.
Rafał Grupiński
Rafał Szymon Grupiński (born 26 September 1952) is a Polish politician, member of the Sejm (2005–2023) and member of the Senate since 2023. He serves in the current Senate as the Deputy Marshal.

In the 2005 parliamentary election Grupiński was elected member of the Sejm for the Sejm Constituency no. 36 (Kalisz) as the Civic Platform candidate. He was reelected in 2007. Since the 2011 parliamentary election he represented a neighboring Sejm Constituency no. 39 (Poznań), where he also was reelected in 2015 and 2019.

In 2023 parliamentary election Grupiński run to the Polish Senate as a Civic Coalition (member of the Senate Pact 2023) candidate from Poznań (Senate Constituency no. 91). He received 328,503 (77,64%) votes in the constituency, gaining the seat. On 13 November 2023 he assumed his seat as a senator and at the first session was elected Deputy Marshal of the Senate under marshalship of Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska.

Civic Coalition (Poland)
The Civic Coalition (Polish: Koalicja Obywatelska, KO) is a political alliance currently ruling in Poland. The alliance was formed in 2018 around Civic Platform, in opposition to the then-ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party.
Joseph, Catholicos of Abkhazia
Joseph or Ioseb (Georgian: იოსები; 1739 – 13 May 1776) was a Georgian Orthodox hierarch, Metropolitan Bishop of Gelati (1760–1769), and Catholicos of Abkhazia (1769–1776). He was a younger son of King Alexander V of Imereti, of the Bagrationi dynasty. He was a major supporter of his brother, Solomon I of Imereti, in his efforts to consolidate royal authority.

Gelati Monastery
Gelati (Georgian: გელათის მონასტერი [g̊e̞ɫät̪ʰi]) is a medieval monastic complex near Kutaisi in the Imereti region of western Georgia. One of the first monasteries in Georgia, it was founded in 1106 by King David IV of Georgia as a monastic and educational center.

The monastery is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and was a cultural, educational and scientific center in medieval Georgia. It is an exemplar of the Georgian Golden Age and a gold aesthetic is employed in the paintings and buildings. It was built to celebrate the Orthodox Christian faith in Georgia; some murals found inside the Gelati Monastery church date back to the 12th century.
Grays Knob, Kentucky
Grays Knob is an unincorporated community and coal town in Harlan County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office was established in the community in 1916, and named for a local hill. It is located just south of the city of Harlan.

Harlan, Kentucky
Harlan is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Harlan County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Harlan had a population of 1,776.

Harlan is one of three Kentucky county seats to share its name with its county, the others being Greenup and Henderson.
Pestka (surname)
Pestka is a Polish-language surname meaning literally "kernel". Notable people with the surname include:

Kamil Pestka (born 1998), Polish footballer

Maciej Pestka (born 1979), Polish Equestrian - Jumper

Sidney Pestka (1936–2016), American biochemist and geneticist

Stanisław Pestka (1929–2015), Kashubian poet

Steve Pestka (born 1951), American politician, attorney, and businessman

Sidney Pestka
Sidney Pestka (May 29, 1936 – December 22, 2016) was an American biochemist and geneticist. A recipient of the National Medal of Technology, he is sometimes referred to as the "father of interferon" for his groundbreaking work developing the interferons as treatments for major diseases such as hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Pestka was part of the team working on research involving the genetic code, protein synthesis and ribosome function that led to the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine received by Marshall Warren Nirenberg. Pestka died on December 22, 2016, at the age of 80.
Xuemei May Cheng
Xuemei May Cheng (born 1974) is a Chinese and American condensed-matter physicist whose research topics have included the study of nanomaterials, spintronics, quantum sensors, and the application of synchrotron x-rays in materials science. She works at Bryn Mawr College as a professor of physics and as the Rachel C. Hale Professor in the Sciences and Mathematics.

Quantum sensor
Within quantum technology, a quantum sensor utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena, such as quantum superposition, quantum entanglement, and quantum squeezing, to measure things. If a quantum system is measurable, and it interacts with its environment in a known way, then measurements of that system can provide information about its environment. Theoretically such sensor technology would have precision limited only by the uncertainty principle.
The field of quantum sensing deals with the design and engineering of quantum mechanical systems and measurements with potential for better performance than any classical strategy in a number of technological applications. Of the wide range of quantum mechanical systems that can be used as a quantum sensor, most can be classified as photonic systems or solid state systems.
2010 Tour of California
The 2010 Tour of California was the fifth running of the Tour of California cycling stage race. It was held from May 16–23, and was the first edition of the race held in the month of May, after the first four occurred in February. It was rated as a 2.HC event on the UCI America Tour. It began in Nevada City and concluded in the Agoura Hills.

The event's move to later in the year has made it so the route was different from previous editions of the race, and also provided for a different makeup of ridership, as it conflicted with the 2010 Giro d'Italia.

The race was won by Team HTC–Columbia rider Michael Rogers, who held off Garmin–Transitions' David Zabriskie and Levi Leipheimer of Team RadioShack. In other classifications, Liquigas–Doimo's Peter Sagan won both the points and young rider classifications, Thomas Rabou of Team Type 1 won the mountains classification and Garmin-Transitions won the teams classification.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Brigita Vuco
Brigita Ivka Vuco (born 11 February 1999), known professionally by the mononym By Brigita, is a Croatian singer-songwriter. She is the youngest daughter of Siniša Vuco, a songwriter and singer, who is best known for his blend of hard rock music and pop-folk music.

Mononym
A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person.

A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan, Bhutan, some parts of Indonesia (especially by older Javanese people), Myanmar, Mongolia, Tibet, and South India.

In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name, stage name, or regnal name. A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today.
Tinsel (codename)
The codename Tinsel referred to a type of equipment carried by RAF bombers which was used to jam Luftwaffe night-fighter controller's speech radio-frequencies during the Second World War.

The equipment consisted of an audio microphone mounted inside one of the bomber's engine nacelles whose output fed into the aircraft's standard T1154 radio transmitter. The wireless operator could listen in to the frequencies used by the defending forces and then, when he heard a German transmission, tune his transmitter to the Luftwaffe frequency and transmit the amplified engine-noise on the same frequency, thus jamming the enemy transmission.

Although not very effective as a jammer, the noise produced merely acted as background noise to the transmitted speech, making it more difficult for the night-fighter crew to distinguish the instructions received from the ground.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.