hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Loss reserving
Loss reserving is the calculation of the required reserves for a tranche of insurance business, including outstanding claims reserves.

Typically, the claims reserves represent the money which should be held by the insurer so as to be able to meet all future claims arising from policies currently in force and policies written in the past.

Methods of calculating reserves in general insurance are different from those used in life insurance, pensions and health insurance since general insurance contracts are typically of a much shorter duration. Most general insurance contracts are written for a period of one year, and typically there is only one payment of premium at the start of the contract in exchange for coverage over the year. Reserves are calculated differently from contracts of a longer duration with multiple premium payments since there are no future premiums to consider in this case. The reserves are calculated by forecasting future losses from past losses.

Tranche
In structured finance, a tranche (French pronunciation: [tʁɑ̃ʃ]) is one of a number of related securities offered as part of the same transaction. In the financial sense of the word, each bond is a different slice of the deal's risk.  Transaction documentation (see indenture) usually defines the tranches as different "classes" of notes, each identified by letter (e.g., the Class A, Class B, Class C securities) with different bond credit ratings.
Crazy Night
"Crazy Night" (クレイジーナイト, Kureijī Naito) (also known as "Crazy Nights") is the fourth single by Japanese heavy metal band Loudness, from their 1985 album Thunder in the East. Written by lead vocalist Minoru Niihara and guitarist Akira Takasaki and produced by Max Norman, the single was released by Nippon Columbia on December 1, 1984, in Japan and by Atco Records on November 1, 1985. The song was the band's big break in the American metal scene and has since become their signature song.

The chant of "M-Z-A!" featured in the song came about when Norman asked Niihara to come up with something to sing over the main riff between the chorus and next verse. "M-Z-A!" means nothing, and it was intended to be replaced with another line in post-production. When Niihara couldn't come up with anything to replace it, the "M-Z-A!" chant survived.

Loudness has re-recorded the song in their self-cover albums RockShocks (2004) and Samsara Flight (2016).

Max Norman
Max Norman is a British record producer and recording engineer active since 1973. He produced many acclaimed heavy metal releases.

While Norman was resident engineer at Ridge Farm Studios in Surrey, England, Ozzy Osbourne was recording his debut solo album Blizzard of Ozz with producer/engineer Chris Tsangarides. After Osbourne and Tsangarides parted ways, Norman was asked to carry on.

Norman appears in the Megadeth home video Evolver, a documentary about the making of Youthanasia.

In early 2017, Norman completed projects with artists Ethan Brosh at Carriage House Studios, Machinage, and Mean Streak.
Donets, Ukraine
Donets (Ukrainian: Донець, Russian: Донец), until May 2016 Chervonyi Donets (Ukrainian: Червоний Донець, Russian: Червоный Донец), is a rural settlement in Izium Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. Donets hosts the administration of Donets settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 8,450 (2022 estimate).

Donets is located on the right bank of the Donets River.

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Zieria obcordata
Zieria obcordata, commonly known as obcordate-leafed zieria, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and endemic to New South Wales. It is an aromatic, densely branched, rounded shrub with small, hairy, three-part leaves and up to three white to pale pink flowers with four petals and four stamens arranged in the leaf axils. It occurs in two disjunct populations in the central-west of the state.

Central West (New South Wales)
The Central West is a region in central New South Wales, Australia. The region stretches from Lithgow in the east and to as far west as Lake Cargelligo, on the Lachlan River. The Central West is known for its attractions such as the Jenolan Caves, near Oberon and also wineries, as well as rural farmland and natural landscapes. The region includes major towns like Bathurst, Orange, Mudgee, Lithgow, Parkes and Cowra. It has an area of 63,262 square kilometres (24,426 sq mi). The region also includes the sub-region known as the Central Tablelands, located in the eastern part of the region. The region known as the Orana, which includes the area surrounding Dubbo is typically classed as being a part of the Central West also.

Major population and service centres in the Central West include Bathurst, Cowra, Lithgow, Mudgee, Orange, and Parkes. Bathurst and Orange are home to campuses of Charles Sturt University, and Lithgow housing the University of Notre Dame Regional Clinical School.
Southeastern slimy salamander
The southeastern slimy salamander (Plethodon grobmani) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the United States, where it is distributed in the Southeastern United States from southern Georgia west to Alabama and south to central Florida. Its natural habitats are steephead valleys, maritime forests and bottomland hardwood forests. Initially identified as a subspecies of P. glutinosus, P. grobmani is named for American zoologist Dr. Arnold B. Grobman.

Maritime forest
A maritime forest is an ocean coastal wooded habitat found on higher ground than dune areas within range of salt spray.  They can be found along the Atlantic and Pacific Northwest coasts of the United States. 
The maritime forests of the southeast U.S. are often laurel forests.
They can also be found in areas of South-East Asia, for example Chek Jawa, a wetland reserve which also features a maritime forest as one of the independent ecosystem.
Old Brethren Church
The Old Brethren Church is a Schwarzenau Brethren denomination in the Anabaptist tradition of Christianity. They are a believer's church made up of those who voluntarily choose to follow Jesus as His disciples, and are baptized at this time, during their teen or adult years.

The Old Brethren Church dates back to Germany in 1708, when the Schwarzenau Brethren were formed in Berleburg under the leadership of Alexander Mack. Soon they moved to Pennsylvania to escape religious persecution in Europe. As the American frontier moved west, the Schwarzenau Brethren followed to Ohio, Indiana and beyond. A schism within the Schwarzenau Brethren led to the Old Brethren splitting from the Old German Baptist Brethren in Carroll County, Indiana (Deer Creek), in 1913, and in Stanislaus County, California, in 1915.

Carroll County, Indiana
Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,306. The county seat is Delphi. Other towns within the county include Flora, Burlington, Camden, Cutler, Bringhurst and Deer Creek. Carroll County is part of the Lafayette, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sunset Ridge Country Club
Sunset Ridge Country Club is a private country club located in Cook County, just outside the city limits of Northfield, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

Founded in 1923 and renovated in 2005, it features a 6,752 yard 18-hole course.  Sunset Ridge features a course rating of 73.0 and a slope of 133. It has hosted the Western Open in 1972 and the Women's Western Open in 1935. The Club hosted the 2018 Western Amateur Championship. The greens are made of a bent grass while the fairways are also made of a bent grass. This facility used to offer a four-hole par 3 course that was primarily for children.

Northfield, Illinois
Northfield is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located approximately 19 miles (31 km) north of downtown Chicago. As of the 2020 census, the village's population was 5,751. It is part of a collection of upscale residential communities north of Chicago that belong to New Trier and Northfield Townships and the greater North Shore.
Spiral Scratch (novel)
Spiral Scratch is a BBC Books original novel written by Gary Russell and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Sixth Doctor and Mel. The debut adventure of the Seventh Doctor, Time and the Rani, begins with the Doctor regenerating with little explanation given; Russell's novel attempts to provide a "final story" for the Sixth Doctor and effectively serves as a prequel to Time and the Rani.

Prequel
A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work.

The term "prequel" is a 20th-century neologism from the prefix "pre-" (from Latin prae, "before") and "sequel".

Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. More often they explain the background that led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not completely explicit. Sometimes prequels play on the audience's knowledge of what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
Charles Davis (warden)
Charles Davis (born circa 1837) of Broome, New York, was appointed as Warden of Sing Sing prison in 1878. He was formerly a merchant and state government official.

In 1878, Davis and another state government official were sued by Elisha Bloomer in a dispute about the ownership of 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land used by the prison.

In 1885, Davis was appointed Deputy Collector "in charge of the Fourth, or Navigation, Division" at the United States Department of the Treasury.

Broome, New York
Broome is a town in Schoharie County, New York, United States.  The population was 863 at the 2020 census.  The town is named after John Broome.

The Town of Broome is on the eastern border of the county, southwest of Albany.
Be Still Moses
Be Still Moses is the 12th studio album by American bluegrass band Steep Canyon Rangers. The North Carolina label, Yep Roc Records, released the album digitally on March 6, 2020, then on CD and LP on April 10, 2020. The album was made in collaboration with the Asheville Symphony. The album's title track, "Be Still Moses," features the Philadelphia R&B/Soul group Boyz II Men. Be Still Moses reached #1 on Billboard's Bluegrass Chart, #2 on the Classical Crossover Chart, and #8 on the Americana/Folk Chart.

Asheville Symphony Orchestra
The Asheville Symphony Orchestra is a professional orchestra in Asheville, North Carolina, United States.  The symphony's current conductor and music director is Darko Butorac who succeeded Daniel Meyer in 2018.
Kanashimi Johnny
"Kanashimi Johnny" (悲しみジョニー) is Japanese singer-songwriter Ua's eighth single, released on October 22, 1997. It served as theme song for the TBS TV drama "Fukigen na Kajitsu" starring Yuriko Ishida. "Kanashimi Johnny" debuted at number 11 on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart with 60,740 units sold, becoming Ua's highest debut. Its b-side "Amefuri Hiades" was used in UCC Ueshima Coffee's Super 2 commercials.

Yuriko Ishida
Yuriko Ishida (石田 ゆり子 (石田 百合子), Ishida Yuriko; born October 3, 1969) is a Japanese actress and essayist from Nagoya. She was the Japanese voice of the title character San from the 1997 animated film Princess Mononoke. She is the older sister of Hikari Ishida, also an actress.
National Highway 127C (India)
National Highway 127C, commonly called NH 127C is a national highway in  India. It is a spur road of National Highway 27.  NH-127C traverses the state of Assam in India. This highway is located in Chirang district of Assam.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Iron-rich sedimentary rocks
Iron-rich sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks which contain 15 wt.% or more iron.  However, most sedimentary rocks contain iron in varying degrees.  The majority of these rocks were deposited during specific geologic time periods:  The Precambrian (3800 to 539 million years ago), the early Paleozoic (539 to 419 million years ago), and the middle to late Mesozoic (205 to 66 million years ago).  Overall, they make up a very small portion of the total sedimentary record.

Iron-rich sedimentary rocks have economic uses as iron ores. Iron deposits have been located on all major continents with the exception of Antarctica. They are a major source of iron and are mined for commercial use.  The main iron ores are from the oxide group consisting of hematite, goethite, and magnetite. The carbonate siderite is also typically mined. A productive belt of iron formations is known as an iron range.

Permineralization
Permineralization is a process of fossilization of bones and tissues in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue. Because of the nature of the casts, permineralization is particularly useful in studies of the internal structures of organisms, usually of plants.
International University of Rabat
The International University of Rabat (UIR; French: Université Internationale de Rabat) is a semi-public university located in Salé, within the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region of Morocco. It was established in 2010 as the first higher education institution in the country founded through a public–private partnership.

The university offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs, many of which are organized as double degrees in cooperation with international partner institutions. Fields of study include law, engineering, aeronautics, energy engineering, architecture, business management, political science, and health sciences.

It is recognized for its contribution to the diversification of Moroccan higher education, particularly through its emphasis on international collaboration and applied research.

Caisse de Dépôt et de Gestion
The Caisse de dépot et de gestion (French pronunciation: [kɛs də depo e də ʒɛstjɔ̃], lit. 'Deposit and Management Fund', abbr. CDG) is a state-owned financial institution which manages long-term savings in Morocco. Given its substantial assets it also acts as a large investor in the country, especially in the tourism sector. It possesses many subsidiaries operating in various sectors of the Economy.

The CDG handles in particular the savings of the RCAR (Régime Collectif d'Allocations de Retraite) and the CNRA (Caisse Nationale de Retraites et d'Assurances) pension funds which groups the retirement contributions of the employees of state-owned companies and agencies. Between 2005 and 2008, CDG gained substantial funding when it acquired the management of the retirement savings of the OCP, the world's leading phosphate producer and exporter. CDG is modeled after the French fund Caisse des dépôts et consignations.
North-Eastern constituency (Saint Petersburg)
The North-Eastern constituency (No.214) is a Russian legislative constituency in Saint Petersburg. The constituency covers dense residential and industrial north-eastern part of the city.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by A Just Russia deputy Yelena Drapeko, six-term State Duma member and former film actress.

Kalininsky District, Saint Petersburg
Kalininsky District (Russian: Кали́нинский райо́н) is a district of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 504,641; up from 469,409 recorded in the 2002 Census.
Viacorka
Viacorka or Viačorka is a Belarusian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franak Viačorka (born 1988), Belarusian politician and activist, son of Vincuk

Vincuk Viačorka (born 1961), Belarusian scientist, politician, and activist

Vincuk Viačorka
Valancin Ryhoravič Viačorka (Belarusian: Валянцін Рыгоравіч Вячорка, [vʲinˈtsuk vʲaˈtʂorka], Russian: Валентин Григорьевич Вечёрко, romanized: Valentin Grigoryevich Vechyorko; born 7 July 1961) is a Belarusian linguist, politician and former leader (1999–2007) of the Belarusian Popular Front (BNF), a Belarusian opposition party.
Jake Gibbs
Jerry Dean "Jake" Gibbs  (born November 7, 1938) is an American former Major League Baseball player who played for the New York Yankees as a platoon catcher from 1962 to 1971. Although Gibbs was the regular starting catcher for New York in 1967 and 1968, he was primarily a back-up for Elston Howard and then Thurman Munson at the tail-end of his career.

Prior to beginning his professional baseball career, Gibbs had successful careers in college baseball and college football at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) for the Ole Miss Rebels. He was also a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha (PIKE) Fraternity. He returned to Ole Miss to coach the baseball and football teams.

Ole Miss Rebels
The Ole Miss Rebels are the 18 men's and women's intercollegiate athletic teams of the University of Mississippi, located in Oxford, Mississippi. The first to be established was the football team, which began play in 1893.

Originally known as the "Mississippi Flood", the teams were renamed the Rebels in 1936. They compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I, except for the rifle team, which participates in the Patriot Rifle Conference because the SEC does not sponsor that sport.

The school's colors are red (PMS 186) and navy blue (PMS 2767), chosen to mirror the respective school colors of Harvard and Yale. The team's mascot is Tony the Landshark, which replaced the Rebel Black Bear in 2018, which replaced Colonel Reb in 2011.

Between 1995 and 2004, 630 Ole Miss student-athletes received all-conference academic honors.
Daniel Elliott (Kentucky politician)
Daniel B. Elliott (born August 12, 1984) is an American attorney and politician serving as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Kentucky's 54th House district since March 2016. He currently serves as chair of the House Standing Committee on Judiciary.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Live at Sweetwater
Live at Sweetwater is a live Hot Tuna album recorded in 1992 at Mill Valley, CA.  It was their first new recording made for Relix Records, although they had previously released older performances with Relix (Splashdown, Historic Hot Tuna). Appearing on the album with Hot Tuna was Bob Weir of the Grateful Dead, blues-singer Maria Muldaur, and keyboardist Pete Sears who ended up staying with the band until 2000. In 2004 Eagle Records re-mastered and re-released the album with several added tracks, and some previous tracks shortened in length.

Hot Tuna
Hot Tuna is an American blues rock band formed in 1969 by former Jefferson Airplane members Jorma Kaukonen (guitar/vocals) and Jack Casady (bass). Although it has always been a fluid aggregation, with musicians coming and going over the years, the band's center has always been Kaukonen and Casady's ongoing collaboration.
Little Miss Hawkshaw
Little Miss Hawkshaw is a 1921 American drama film written and directed by Carl Harbaugh. The film stars Eileen Percy, Eric Mayne, Leslie Casey, Donald Keith, Frank Clark and Vivian Ransome. The film was released on August 23, 1921, by Fox Film Corporation.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Wynnum Manly Ward
Wynnum Manly Ward, sometimes stylised as Wynnum-Manly is a Brisbane City Council ward covering Wynnum, Wynnum West, Manly, Lota, Lytton, Port of Brisbane, and part of Manly West. The ward was established for the 1994 Brisbane City Council election, and largely succeeds the former wards of Wynnum (1925-1973), Waterloo Bay (1973-1985) and Kianawah (1985-1994).

The ward has been represented by Alex Givney of the Liberal National Party since the 2024 Brisbane City Council election. It had previously been held Labor Party since its creation in 1994.

Wynnum, Queensland
Wynnum is a coastal suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The suburb is a popular destination in Brisbane due to its coastline, jetty and tidal wading pool. In the 2021 census, Wynnum had a population of 14,036 people. Wynnum and the adjoining suburb Manly were once known as twin towns.
Bắc 54
Bắc 54, or Bắc Kỳ 54 (both meaning "Northern [Vietnamese of] 1954"), refers to people living in South Vietnam who migrated from North Vietnam in 1954 and early 1955, mostly through Operation Passage to Freedom.

Quảng Bình province
Quảng Bình was formerly a southern coastal province in the North Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Hà Tĩnh to the north, Quảng Trị to the south, Khammouane of Laos to the west and the Gulf of Tonkin (South China Sea) to the east.

On June 12, 2025, Quảng Bình was merged into Quảng Trị.
Jackie Chan Stunt Team
The Jackie Chan Stunt Team (Chinese: 成家班; Cantonese Yale: Sing Ga Ban; lit. 'Chan's Family Group'), also known as Jackie Chan's Stuntmen Association, is a group of stuntmen and martial artists who work alongside Jackie Chan. Founded in the 1970s, it originally included Hong Kong action stuntmen and martial artists, before expanding to include international talent over the next several decades.

The Fearless Hyena
The Fearless Hyena (Chinese: 笑拳怪招) (released in the United States as Revenge of the Dragon) is a 1979 Hong Kong martial arts film starring, written and directed by Jackie Chan in his directorial debut. The film was a box office success, and released in Hong Kong on 17 February 1979.

The film initially focuses on a martial arts student who lacks self-control and has a gambling habit. He is soon offered a position as a martial arts teacher in a school with a poor reputation. He unwittingly attracts the attention of a villainous kung fu master.

The film spawned a sequel titled Fearless Hyena Part II in 1983.