hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Group action (sociology)
In sociology, a group action is a situation in which a number of agents take action simultaneously in order to achieve a common goal; their actions are usually coordinated.

Group action will often take place when social agents realize they are more likely to achieve their goal when acting together rather than individually. Group action differs from group behaviours, which are uncoordinated, and also from mass actions, which are more limited in place.

Group action is more likely to occur when the individuals within the group feel a sense of unity with the group, even in personally costly actions.

Agency (philosophy)
Agency is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment. In some contexts, the exercise of agency is linked to questions of moral responsibility, and may pertain to questions of moral agency.

Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behavior, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In 'goal directed action' an agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behavior.
Vicki Lancaster-Kerr
Vicki Lancaster-Kerr (born 26 January 1951) is an Australian former professional tennis player.

Lancaster-Kerr was an Australian Open junior doubles champion (with Lesley Hunt in 1968) and competed on the professional tour during the 1970s. Her two appearances in the women's singles second round at the Australian Open included a three set loss to eventual semi-finalist Sue Barker in 1975. She played collegiate tennis for Midland College in the Texas city of Midland, where she still resides.

Midland, Texas
Midland is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Midland County in West Texas, with small portions extending into Martin County. The population was 132,524 at the 2020 census. Located in the Permian Basin, Midland is a major center for American oil and natural gas production.

The Midland metropolitan area includes all of Midland County and had 169,983 residents at the 2020 census. The metropolitan area is part of the larger Midland–Odessa combined statistical area, which had a population of 340,391 in the 2020 census. Residents of Midland are referred to as "Midlanders".

Midland was founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881. The city has many connections to the Bush family; it was the one-time home of former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, and the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush. The Bush Family Home State Historic Site is located in Midland.
Adia Harvey Wingfield
Adia Harvey Wingfield is a professor of sociology at Washington University in St. Louis and the 2018 President of Sociologists for Women in Society. She is the author of several books, including No More Invisible Man: Race and Gender in Men's Work, and articles in peer-reviewed journals including Social Problems, Gender & Society, and Ethnic and Racial Studies. She has lectured internationally on her research.

Ethnic and Racial Studies
Ethnic and Racial Studies is a peer-reviewed social science academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews on anthropology, cultural studies, ethnicity and race, and sociology. The editors-in-chief are Martin Bulmer (University of Surrey) and John Solomos (University of Warwick). It was founded by Routledge & Kegan Paul in 1978 and continues to be published by Routledge.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.956, ranking it 58th out of 142 journals in the category "Sociology", and 5th out of 15 journals in the category "Ethnic Studies".
Rannoch
Rannoch (Scottish Gaelic: Raineach or Raithneach, meaning 'bracken') is an area of the Scottish Highlands between the A9 road, to the east, and the A82, to the west. The area is crossed from south to north by the West Highland railway line.

Features of the area include Loch Rannoch and Rannoch Moor. The loch is in the northwest of the council area of Perth and Kinross. The moor extends further west, into the south of the Highland council area.

The moor is partly within the catchment basin of the loch. The loch itself drains to the east, via the River Tummel into the River Tay.

The railway links Rannoch station and Corrour station with Fort William in the north and Glasgow in the south. Via the north bank of Loch Rannoch the B846 road links Rannoch station with the A9 between Pitlochry and Blair Atholl. Corrour station is remote from any public road.

The village of Kinloch Rannoch is on the B846 at the eastern (River Tummel) end of the loch.

Pitlochry
Pitlochry (/pɪtˈlɒxri/; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Chloichridh or Baile Chloichrigh) is a town in the Perth and Kinross council area of Scotland, lying on the River Tummel. It is historically in the county of Perthshire, and has a population of 2,776, according to the 2011 census.

It is largely a Victorian town, which developed into a tourist resort after   Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited the area in 1842 and bought a highland estate at Balmoral, and the arrival of the railway in 1863. It remains a popular tourist resort today and is particularly known for its Pitlochry Festival Theatre, salmon ladder and as a centre for hillwalking, surrounded by mountains such as Ben Vrackie and Schiehallion. It is popular as a base for coach holidays. The town has retained many stone Victorian buildings, and the high street has an unusual period cast iron canopy over one side.
Chlorotoluene
Chlorotoluenes are aryl chlorides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with a chlorine atom. They have the general formula C7H8–nCln, where n = 1–5 is the number of chlorine atoms.

Aryl halide
In organic chemistry, an aryl halide (also known as a haloarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide ion (such as fluorine F−, chlorine Cl−1,−3,−5, bromine Br−, or iodine I−). Aryl halides are distinct from haloalkanes (alkyl halides) due to significant differences in their methods of preparation, chemical reactivity, and physical properties. The most common and important members of this class are aryl chlorides, but the group encompasses a wide range of derivatives with diverse applications in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.
Mororo, New South Wales
Mororo is a Locality in the Clarence Valley of New South Wales in Australia. Mororo is dominated by sugar cane farms & does not have a large area of suburbia. The population of Mororo is 115. It is located on the Pacific Motorway and is located in the Bundjalung National Park. Mororo has three residential roads, Banana Road, Lewis Lane, and Mororo Road. It is close to Woombah, Iluka, Maclean, Yamba and Woodburn.

Pacific Highway (Australia)
The Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route of 790 kilometres (490 mi) along the east coast of Australia from Sydney to Brisbane. It is an integral part of Highway 1 which circumnavigates the Australian continent.  At its inception, the highway was a single carriageway between Sydney and Brisbane. In Australian culture and as a tourist drive, it remains so. Over time, segments of the highway have been upgraded, realigned, or renamed. Between 1996 and 2020, sections of the highway were upgraded to controlled-access highway (motorway) standards.
Parapsestis albida
Parapsestis albida is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Suzuki in 1916. It is found in Japan and China (Shaanxi, Gansu). The Global Lepidoptera Names Index gives this name as a synonym of Parapsestis umbrosa.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Grifters (band)
Grifters is an indie rock/alternative rock band based in Memphis who have released albums on Darla Records, Doink, Sonic Noise, Shangri-La Records, and Sub Pop Records. The band released five studio albums from 1992 to 1997. In the years following 1997, the band had breaks in activity with some members pursuing other musical projects and with the band sporadically touring in the years after. However, in recent years they have continued to tour on a consistent basis and have stated interest in recording new material. The band has released and reissued some of their material on Bandcamp.

Simple Machines
Simple Machines was an American independent record label in Arlington, Virginia. The label was founded by Derek Denckla and Jenny Toomey and Brad Sigal while both were living in the Positive Force House in north Arlington, but Sigal and eventually Denckla stepped back from involvement. In 1990-91 Kristin Thomson stepped up and co-masterminded the project with Toomey and they started a new group house near Positive Force's. At its peak, the label was run by Toomey, Thomson, Pat Graham and Mickey Menard. The label was formed to "find creative ways to avoid the established and boring music business."
De Sarthe Gallery
DE SARTHE (Traditional Chinese: 德薩畫廊; Simplified Chinese: 德萨画廊) is a contemporary art gallery with spaces in Hong Kong and Scottsdale, Arizona. The gallery's contemporary art program exhibits and promotes emerging artists from Asia, and its advisory focuses on 19th and 20th century master paintings and sculptures.

Contemporary art gallery
A contemporary art gallery is normally a commercial art gallery operated by an art dealer which specializes in displaying for sale contemporary art, usually new works of art by living artists. This approach has been called the "Castelli Method" after Leo Castelli, whose success was attributed to his active involvement in discovering and promoting emerging artists beginning in the late 1950s with Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg.
Rellenitos de plátano
Rellenitos de plátano is a dish of sweet mashed plantains stuffed with a mixture of refried beans, chocolate, and cinnamon.  The assembled egg-shaped balls are deep-fried, and then served with either powdered sugar or honey on top.  It is a common and very popular dessert in the cuisine of Guatemala.

Powdered sugar
Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar and icing sugar, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains between 2% and 5% of an anti-caking agent—such as corn starch, potato starch or tricalcium phosphate—to  absorb moisture, prevent clumping, and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, a proxy for powdered sugar can be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Ilia Odishelidze
Ilia Odishelidze (Georgian: ილია ოდიშელიძე); Russian: Илья Зурабович Одишелидзе, Ilya Zurabovich Odishelidze) (25 March 1865 – c. 1924) was a Georgian military leader who had also served as a general of the Imperial Russian army.

Order of Saint Stanislaus
The Order of Saint Stanislaus (Polish: Order Św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika, Russian: Орден Святого Станислава), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It remained under the Kingdom of Poland between 1765 and 1831. In 1831 it was incorporated under the Russian Empire until the Russian Revolution (1917).

Today, there are two recognised orders that claim descent from the original Order of Saint Stanislaus: the Russian dynastic Order of Saint Stanislaus, awarded by the head of the House of Romanov as former sovereigns of the Russian Empire, and the Polish Order of Polonia Restituta, a governmental order of merit awarded by the President of Poland and considered by some as a type of successor.
X-Faktor series 8
X-Faktor is a Hungarian television music competition to find new singing talent. Kiss Ramona presented her second series of X-Faktor. The eighth series aired on RTL Klub in 2018. ByeAlex, Laci Gáspár, Peti Puskás, and Gigi Radics remained in the jury in the 8th season. USNK won the competition and became the second group to win and also for the first time on the show that the final two were from the groups category.

Gigi Radics
Georgina Radics (born 17 August 1996) known as Gigi Radics is a
Hungarian rapper, singer-songwriter and media personality who is best known for participating in A Dal 2013 and 2014 and being one of the judges on the Hungarian X-Factor.
Qarwa K'uchu
Qarwa K'uchu  (Quechua qarwa pale, yellowish, golden, k'uchu corner, "yellowish corner", Hispanicized spelling Carhuacucho) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, La Unión Province, Pampamarca District. Qarwa K'uchu lies northwest of Kimsa Qaqa.

Department of Arequipa
Arequipa (Quechua: Ariqipa) is a department of Peru. Located to the country's southwest, it is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cuzco to the north, Puno to the east, the Department of Moquegua to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital, also called Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest city.
Steinmetz Opel Tuning
Steinmetz Opel-Tuning is an automobile tuning company specializing in Opel cars, based in Aachen, Germany. They develop higher performance engines, sports suspension, special exhausts and complete aerodynamic bodystyling kits. Their engineers believe that the proving ground for all products is still in motorsport.

Car tuning
Car tuning is the modification of a car to optimise it for a different set of performance requirements from those it was originally designed to meet. Most commonly this is higher engine performance and dynamic handling characteristics but cars may also be altered to provide better fuel economy, or smoother response. The goal when tuning is the improvement of a vehicle's overall performance in response to the user's needs. Often, tuning is done at the expense of emissions performance, component reliability and occupant comfort.

As a culture has grown around modified cars the term tuning has grown to encompass the cosmetic and stylistic changes owners make to personalize their vehicles. These changes can range from functional modifications designed to improve the performance or functionality of the car, to visual modifications which alter the aesthetics of the car and, in the case of certain mods, sometimes be detrimental to the performance or functionality of the car.
Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)
The Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016) was a series of military operations launched by Syrian opposition forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and vice versa in the northern Aleppo Governorate, near the Syria–Turkey border, the city of Azaz and the town of Mare'. The offensive is supported by airstrikes against ISIL conducted by the United States-led CJTF-OIR coalition and artillery shelling by the Turkish Armed Forces.

Azaz
Azaz (Arabic: أَعْزَاز, romanized: ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly 20 miles (32 kilometres) north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 at the 2004 census. As of 2015, its inhabitants were almost entirely Sunni Muslims, mostly Arabs but also some Turkmen.

It is historically significant as the site of the Battle of Azaz between the Crusader States and the Seljuk Turks on June 11, 1125. It is close to a Syria–Turkey border crossing, which enters Turkey at Öncüpınar, south of the city of Kilis. It was the capital of the Syrian Interim Government. The pro-Turkish forces' control over the area did not end until the SIG was incorporated into the Syrian caretaker government at the end of January 2025.
Gyrinocheilus aymonieri
Gyrinocheilus aymonieri is a freshwater fish native to large parts of Southeast Asia. It is of interest as a local food source and for the aquarium trade. Its common names include honey sucker, sucking loach and Chinese algae eater.

G. aymonieri is found in the Chao Phraya basin, northern Malay Peninsula, Mekong basin (in Cambodia, Yunnan province in China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam), Mae Klong basin and the Xe Bang Fai River. It is most often seen in large rivers, occasionally entering flooded fields. The fish spends most of its time on flat surfaces, such as rocks, in flowing water, using its unusually formed inferior mouth to attach itself to rocks in stronger flows.

The fish are sold in local markets as a food source and small fish are used in preparation of prahok.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Gateway Towers Mumbai
Gateway Towers is a residential complex under construction in Mumbai, India. It will have 6 residential towers ranging from 31 to 41 stories.

Gateway Towers has been designed by Callison. It is located in the northeastern suburb of Mulund. The property is built on an 8.5-acre area.

Callison
Callison was an international architecture firm based in Seattle, Washington. Callison was founded by Tony Callison in 1975 and grew to 900 employees around the world prior to its acquisition by Arcadis NV in 2014. In October 2015, Callison was formally merged with another Arcadis subsidiary, RTKL Associates, to form CallisonRTKL headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.

Callison planned and designed retail, hospitality, mixed-use, workplace, corporate and healthcare projects worldwide.
Orléanais dialect
The Orléanais dialect (French pronunciation: [ɔʁleanɛ]) is a langue d'oïl that was part of a dialect group called Francien.

The dialect covers three departments, corresponding to the territory of Orléanais, former province of the kingdom of France: Loir-et-Cher, Loiret and Eure-et-Loir. It and other Francien dialects such as Berrichon progressively dissolved into a regional variant of French.

Orléanais
The Duchy of Orléanais (French pronunciation: [ɔʁleanɛ]) is a former province of France, which was created during the Renaissance by merging four former counties and towns. However after the French Revolution, the province was dissolved in 1791 and succeeded by five départments (less some communes to others).
Eo (surname)
Eo (Korean: 어) is an uncommon Korean family name, also spelled Auh or Euh. The 2015 South Korean census found that there were only 18,929 people bearing the surname. It is written with two different hanja; the most common 魚, and the less common 漁. Most people with this surname belong to the Hamjong Eo clan.

Notable people with this surname include:

Queen Seonui (선의왕후; 1705–1730), Queen of Joseon

Eo Jae-yeon (어재연; 1823–1871), Joseon general

Eo Jeong-won (어정원; born 1999), South Korean footballer

Auh June-sun (어준선; 1937–2022), South Korean businessman and politician

Ou Kyoung-jun (어정원; born 1987), South Korean footballer

Ryu Soo-young (birth name Eo Nam-seon; 어남선; born 1979), South Korean actor

Ŏ Yŏngdam (어영담; 1532–1594), Joseon military official

Euh Yoon-dae (어윤대; born 1945), South Korean professor, financier, government advisor

Ryu Soo-young
Ryu Su-young (Korean: 류수영; born September 5, 1979), birth name Eo Nam-seon (어남선) is a South Korean actor and chef. He made his first appearance on television as a college student on a cooking show in 1998, then starred in the controversial film Summertime (2001). This was followed by supporting roles in TV dramas such as Successful Story of a Bright Girl (2002), Save the Last Dance for Me (2004), and Lawyers of the Great Republic Korea (2008), as well as leading roles in 18 vs. 29 (2005), Seoul 1945 (2006), and Bad Couple (2007).

For his mandatory military service, Ryu was a member of the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency from 2008 to 2010. After his discharge, Ryu returned to television in 2011 in the romantic comedy My Princess, and the popular family drama Ojakgyo Family. In 2013, he joined the reality/variety show Real Men, in which male celebrities visit army bases and experience daily life there. He also played a detective chasing a fugitive in Two Weeks (2013).
Apostasy in Islam by country
The situation for apostates from Islam varies markedly between Muslim-minority and Muslim-majority regions. In Muslim-minority countries, "any violence against those who abandon Islam is already illegal". But in some Muslim-majority countries, religious violence is "institutionalised", and (at least in 2007) "hundreds and thousands of closet apostates" live in fear of violence and are compelled to live lives of "extreme duplicity and mental stress."

Nasr Abu Zayd
Nasr Hamed Abuzid (Egyptian Arabic: نصر حامد أبو زيد, IPA: [ˈnɑsˤɾe ˈħæːmed ˈæbuˈzeːd]; also Nasr Abuzid or Nasr Abuzeid; July 10, 1943 – July 5, 2010) was an Egyptian Quranic thinker, author, academic and one of the leading liberal theologians in Islam. He is famous for his project of a humanistic Quranic hermeneutics, which "challenged mainstream views" on the Quran, sparking "controversy and debate." While not denying that the Quran was of divine origin, Abuzid argued that it was a "cultural product" that had to be read in the context of the language and culture of seventh century Arabs, and could be interpreted in more than one way. He also criticized the use of religion to exert political power. In 1995 an Egyptian Sharia court declared him an apostate, this led to threats of death and his fleeing Egypt several weeks later. He later quietly returned to Egypt where he died.

Abuzid has been referred to as among "the big names" of the post-1967 Arab intellectual tradition.