hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Partition and secession in California
California, the most populous state in the United States and third largest in area after Alaska and Texas, has been the subject of more than 220 proposals to divide it into multiple states since its admission to the Union in 1850, including at least 27 significant proposals prior to the 21st century.

In addition, there have been some calls for the secession of multiple states or large regions in the American West (such as the proposal of Cascadia) which often include parts of Northern California.

Tim Draper
Timothy Cook Draper (born June 11, 1958) is an American venture capital investor, and founder of Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ), Draper University, Draper Venture Network, and Draper Associates. Since 2019, he is a partner in Draper Goren Holm. His most prominent investments include Baidu, Hotmail, Skype, Tesla, SpaceX, AngelList, SolarCity, Ring, Twitter, DocuSign, Coinbase, Robinhood, Ancestry.com, Twitch, Cruise Automation, PrettyLitter and Focus Media. In July 2014, Draper received wide coverage for his purchase at a US Marshals Service auction of seized bitcoins from the Silk Road website. Draper is a proponent of bitcoin and decentralization. Draper was one of the first investors in Theranos.
SXML
SXML is an alternative syntax for writing XML data (more precisely, XML Infosets) as S-expressions, to facilitate working with XML data in Lisp and Scheme. An associated suite of tools implements XPath, SAX and XSLT for SXML in Scheme and are available in the GNU Guile implementation of that language.

Textual correspondence between SXML and XML for a sample XML snippet is shown below:

Compared to other alternative representations for XML and its associated languages, SXML has the benefit of being directly parsable by existing Scheme implementations. The associated tools and documentation were praised in many respects by David Mertz in his IBM developerWorks column, though he also criticized the preliminary nature of its documentation and system.

S-expression
In computer programming, an S-expression (or symbolic expression, abbreviated as sexpr or sexp) is an expression in a like-named notation for nested list (tree-structured) data. S-expressions were invented for, and popularized by, the programming language Lisp, which uses them for source code as well as data.
Mary Noel Arrowsmith
Mary Noel Arrowsmith (May 28, 1890 – October 7, 1965) was an American educator who was awarded a Croix de Guerre for her work with YMCA in France during World War I. Later she was active in promoting safety education and in the peace movement. She also served on the national staff of the YWCA.

YWCA
The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries.

The World office is currently based in Le Grand-Saconnex, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, and the nonprofit is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The YWCA is independent of the YMCA, but a few local and national YMCA and YWCA associations have merged into YM/YWCAs or YMCA-YWCAs and belong to both organizations, while providing the programs from each (e.g. Sweden did so in 1966).
Saint-Agnan
Saint-Agnan is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

Saint-Agnan, Aisne

Saint-Agnan, Saône-et-Loire

Saint-Agnan, Tarn

Saint-Agnan, Yonne

Saint-Agnan-de-Cernières, in the Eure département

Saint-Agnan-en-Morvan, in the Nièvre département

Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors, in the Drôme département

Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe, in the Calvados département

Saint-Agnan-sur-Erre, in the Orne département

Saint-Agnan-sur-Sarthe, in the Orne département

Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe
Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿aɲɑ̃ lə malɛʁb] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Malherbe-sur-Ajon.
Ramanathan
Ramanathan (Tamil: ராமநாதன்) is a South Indian male given name. Due to the South Indian tradition of using patronymic surnames it may also be a surname for males and females. Ramanathan is derived from Rama (a Hindu god) and the Sanskrit word nath, meaning "lord". The name Ramanathan is given to the Hindu god Shiva at Rameshwaram, one of the southernmost towns in India. Hindus believe that Lord Rama worshipped Shiva before beginning his journey to Lanka; hence "Lord of Rama". This name is from the history of great epics.

Ramkumar Ramanathan
Ramanathan Ramkumar (born 8 November 1994) is an Indian professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 111 in singles by the ATP, which he achieved in July 2018, and in doubles at No. 58, achieved in August 2022. He has represented India in the Davis Cup.
Dandora
Dandora is a neighbourhood in Kenya's capital and largest city, Nairobi. It is part of the Embakasi division.  Dandora was established in 1977, with partial financing from the World Bank to provide a higher standard of housing.  It is famous as a slum, with poor sanitation and water access. Many of the buildings are temporary, and public service coverage is minimal.  The location is, in part, well known for being the site of the main municipal solid waste dump for Nairobi, which has significant negative health effects on its population.

Surrounding neighbourhoods include slums such as Kariobangi, Baba Dogo, Gitare Marigo, Kayole, Mathare, and Korogocho.

Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'
Eugene Koonin
Eugene Viktorovich Koonin (Russian: Евге́ний Ви́кторович Ку́нин; born October 26, 1956) is a Russian-American biologist and Senior Investigator at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). He is a recognised expert in the field of evolutionary and computational biology.

National Center for Biotechnology Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper.

The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics.
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic qualification
Qualification for women's artistic gymnastic competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held at the HSBC Arena on 7 August 2016. The results of the qualification determined the qualifiers to the finals: 8 teams in the team final, 24 gymnasts in the individual all-around final, and 8 gymnasts in each of 4 apparatus finals. The competition was divided into 5 subdivisions.

United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The United States of America (USA), represented by the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, from August 5 to 21, 2016. U.S. athletes have appeared in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, which they boycotted in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. For the second consecutive time in the Summer Olympics, the United States was represented by more female than male athletes (264 men and 291 women).

The 2016 Olympics were the third most successful for the United States in terms of overall medal count (121) and the most successful not held in the United States: U.S. athletes won 231 total medals at St. Louis in 1904 and 174 at Los Angeles in 1984. These Games also witnessed the thousandth Summer Olympic gold medal for the Americans.
Pashtun Kot District
Pashtun Kot is a district of Afghanistan, located in the centre of Faryab Province, south of the provincial capital Maymana. The district centre Pashtun Kot is a suburb of Maymana (35°54′42″N 64°47′12″E﻿ / ﻿35.91167°N 64.78667°E﻿ / 35.91167; 64.78667). The population is 277,000 (2002) with an ethnic composition of 65% Uzbeks and 30% Tajiks.

Between 24 April and 7 May 2014, flash flooding from heavy rainfall resulted in the destruction of public facilities, roads, and agricultural land.  Assessment findings reported 319 families in total were affected, six people died, 517 livestock were killed, 350 gardens were damaged/destroyed, and 524 jeribs of agricultural land was damaged/destroyed in Kata Qala, Nadir Abad, Nawe Khoshk, and Chakab.

Jerib
The jerib or djerib (Persian: جریب; Turkish: cerip) is a traditional unit of land measurement in the Middle East and southwestern Asia.  It is a unit of area used to measure land holdings (real property) in much the way that an acre or hectare are.  Like most traditional units of measure, the jerib originally varied substantially from one location to another. However, in the twentieth century, the jerib has been regionally, if not uniformly defined.  In many countries where it was traditionally used, it is equated with the hectare, for example in Turkey and Iran. In Afghanistan, however, it is standardized at 2,000 square metres (0.49 acres).

The jerib was roughly equivalent to the other customary land measures in south Asia and the Middle East, the Indian bigha and the Sumerian iku, varying between 1,600 and 3,600 square metres (0.40 and 0.89 acres). The word is probably derived from Arabic.
Peter Scott (skier)
Peter Scott (born 27 November 1990) is an alpine skier from South Africa. He was part of the 2010 Winter Olympics team of South Africa, participating in the men's giant slalom competition. He trains at Peyragudes Ski Club in France.

Scott was born in Cape Town. His family moved to France when he was nine years old. There, he took up skiing, and his family later moved to Gazave, in the Pyrenees so he "could do more training and racing". He is coached by Alexander Heath.

Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's giant slalom
The men's giant slalom competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Creekside in Whistler, British Columbia. Originally scheduled for February 21, it was rescheduled to February 23, due to delays of preceding alpine events.

Carlo Janka of Switzerland won the gold, with Kjetil Jansrud of Norway taking the silver medal. Fellow countryman Aksel Lund Svindal won the bronze, his third medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Marguerite Lai
Marguerite Lai is a French Polynesian dancer and choreographer. She is the leader of O Tahiti E, one of French Polynesia's most renowned dance troupes.

Lai is from Rangiroa in the Tuamotus, and is of Chinese-Polynesian descent. She began dancing at the age of 12, after moving to Papeete. In 1986 she founded the O Tahiti E dance troupe, which won the "best professional group" category at the Heiva competition four times, in 1987, 1998, 2005, and 2012. The troupe won again in 2019. In April 2017 she was responsible for a welcoming ceremony for the canoe Hōkūleʻa, which involved 200 dancers.

In 2002 she was made a knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. In January 2018 she was made a knight of the Ordre national du Mérite.

Tuamotus
The Tuamotu Archipelago or the Tuamotu Islands (French: Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a French Polynesian chain of just under 80 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean. They constitute the largest chain of atolls in the world, extending (from northwest to southeast) over an area roughly the size of Western Europe. Their combined land area is 850 square kilometres (328 square miles). This archipelago's major islands are Rangiroa, Anaa, Fakarava, Hao and Makemo.

The Tuamotus have approximately 16,000 inhabitants. The islands were initially settled by Polynesians, and modern Tuamotuans have inherited from them a shared culture and the Tuamotuan language.

The Tuamotus are a French overseas collectivity.

NOTE: The Marshall Islands, a group of tolls, encompassing 1.2 sq kilometers.
Yoon Suk-min
Yoon Suk-min (Korean: 윤석민; born July 24, 1986) is a South Korean former professional baseball pitcher. He bats and throws right-handed. He played for the Kia Tigers of the KBO League from 2005 to 2013, and 2015 to 2018. He also played one season with the Baltimore Orioles organization in 2014.

Yoon is a 6 ft 0 in, 190 lb right-handed pitcher. With a three-quarters delivery Yoon throws a fastball at 90-92 mph (tops out at 96 mph), a change-up, an occasional curveball, and a hard-breaking, mid-80s slider. With a shoulder injury his fastball dipped into high-80s, and he converted to relief during the 2013 season.

Korea Baseball Organization
The Korea Baseball Organization (KBO; Korean: 한국야구위원회) is the governing body for the professional leagues of baseball in South Korea. The KBO was founded in 1981 and has governed two leagues: the KBO League (KBO 리그) and KBO Futures League (KBO 퓨처스리그 (farm league) since 1982. It is one of two major baseball governing bodies; the other is the Korea Baseball Association (대한야구협회), which is the governing body for amateur baseball competitions.

The KBO is a member of the International Baseball Federation (IBAF), and is responsible for the national baseball team for the World Baseball Classic and Asia Series. National team participation in other competitions is governed by the Korea Baseball Association.
Played-A-Live (The Bongo Song)
"Played-A-Live (The Bongo Song)" is a song by Danish percussion duo Safri Duo. It was released in November 2000 as the lead single from their first mainstream studio album, Episode II. The Michael Parsberg-produced song, which has a mix of tribal drums with electronic music twists, sold 1.5 million copies worldwide and became the fourth-fastest-selling single ever in Europe. The single topped the Danish Singles Chart. Outside Denmark, the single also topped the Swiss Singles Chart and peaked at number two in the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia). It reached number six in the United Kingdom and number seven on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.

"Played-A-Live (The Bongo Song)" song was awarded "Danish Club Hit of the Year" at the 2001 Danish Music Awards. The song has also been used as one of the themes for the Kingda Ka coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure.

Swiss Hitparade
The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade) is Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.

The Swiss charts include:

Singles Top 75 (released since 1968)

Singles Top 100

Albums Top 100 (released since late 1983)

Compilations Top 20

Airplay Top 30

Streaming Top 100

Swiss Artist Singles Top 10

Swiss Artist Albums Top 10

Vinyl Albums Top 10

Rock Albums Top 5

Pop Albums Top 5

Hip Hop Albums Top 5

Since 2010, Hitparade's compiler Media Control has also set up Les Charts, a record chart of the highest-selling singles and albums in Romandie, the Francophone region of Switzerland:

Romandie Singles Top 20 (discontinued)

Romandie Albums Top 50

The charts are updated weekly on Sundays, and are posted publicly on the preceding Wednesday mornings.
Ministry of Emergency Management and Climate Readiness
The Ministry of Emergency Management and Climate Readiness (EMCR), formerly Emergency Management BC (EMBC), is a provincial government department in the Canadian province of British Columbia. EMCR works with local governments and other provincial and federal agencies year round, providing coordination and support before, during and after emergencies. EMCR is administered under the B.C. Emergency and Disaster Management Act.

EMCR has its headquarters in Victoria, British Columbia, and incorporates six regional offices throughout the province in Surrey, Kamloops, Nelson, Terrace, Prince George and Victoria.

The current minister is Kelly Greene.

Terrace, British Columbia
Terrace is a city in the Skeena region of west central British Columbia, Canada. This regional hub lies east of the confluence of the Kitsumkalum River into the Skeena River. On BC Highway 16, junctions branch northward for the Nisga'a Highway (BC Highway 113) to the west and southward for the Stewart–Cassiar Highway (BC Highway 37) to the east. The locality is by road about 204 km (127 mi) southwest of Smithers and 144 km (89 mi) east of Prince Rupert. Transportation links are the Northwest Regional Airport Terrace-Kitimat, a passenger train, and bus services.
Richard Mayne (Royal Navy officer)
Rear-Admiral Richard Charles Mayne CB FRGS (7 July 1835 – 29 May 1892) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer, who in later life became a Conservative politician.

Richard Mayne was the son of Sir Richard Mayne KCB (the first joint commissioner of the Metropolitan Police) and the grandson of Judge Edward Mayne. Both his father and grandfather were graduates of Trinity College, Dublin. Richard Mayne was educated at Eton. He was a scion of a family that settled at Mount Sedborough in County Fermanagh during the Plantation of Ulster and subsequently at Freame Mount, County Cavan in Ireland.

County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.
Courtney Howard
Courtney Howard (born November 7, 1978) is a Canadian ER physician who was President of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment, as well as President-Elect the Canadian Medical Association, Associate Professor at the University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, and a former candidate for the leadership of the Green Party of Canada based in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.

Howard attended Simon Fraser University and went to medical school at McGill University. Howard has been featured or published in The Lancet, People, The Conversation, the National Observer, and other publications.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Garry Adey
Garry John Adey (13 June 1945 – 17 August 2023) was an English rugby union Number 8 for Leicester Tigers and England. Adey made 381 appearances for Leicester between 1965–81. He played twice for England in 1976. Adey was a member of a very successful Leicester side which won the John Player Cup 3 times in consecutive years from 1979–81. Adey was Executive Chairman of The Adey Group which has been established for over 90 years, in the steel fabrication and steel stockholding business.

RFU Knockout Cup
The RFU Knockout Cup was an English rugby union competition open to any member of the Rugby Football Union. First contested in 1971, it was the premier competition in English club rugby before the establishment of the English league structure in 1987.

The competition was replaced by the Anglo-Welsh Cup, involving 4 Welsh regional sides in addition to the 12 English Premiership clubs, beginning with the 2005–06 season.
Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne
The Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne are a Roman Catholic congregation of religious sisters, who are a part of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. The Congregation was founded on December 8, 1900, by Rose Hawthorne Lathrop, a daughter of the famed novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. They specialize in caring for those suffering from terminal cancer and have no financial resources.

Third Order of Saint Dominic
The Third Order of Saint Dominic (Latin: Tertius Ordo Praedicatorum; abbreviated TOP), also referred to as the Lay Fraternities of Saint Dominic or Lay Dominicans since 1972, is a Catholic third order which is part of the Dominican Order.

As members of the Order of Preachers, Lay Dominicans are men and women, single or married, living a Christian life with a Dominican spirituality in the secular world. They find inspiration in the spiritual path taken by many saints, blesseds, and other holy men and women throughout the 800-year history of the Dominican Order. The life of a Dominican layperson incorporates passion for the Word of God into the community of fellow Dominicans and the religious practices of the order. Lay Dominicans are members of worldwide provinces, bound to the governance structure of the Order of Preachers.
South Arkansas River
South Arkansas River is a 24.5-mile-long (39.4 km) tributary of the Arkansas River that flows from a source near Monarch Pass in the Sawatch Range of southern Colorado.  It joins the Arkansas just south of Salida, Colorado.

Salida, Colorado
Salida (/səˈlaɪdə/ sə-LY-də; Spanish language: [saˈliða], "exit") is the statutory city that is the county seat of and the most populous municipality in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States. The population was 5,666 at the 2020 census.
Kentucky Route 713
Kentucky Route 713 (KY 713) is a 32.986-mile-long (53.086 km) state highway in Montgomery County and western Menifee County, Kentucky, that runs from U.S. Route 460 (US 460) north of Grassy Lick to US 460 again in western Frenchburg via Grassy Lick, Mount Sterling, Spencer, Walkers Crossing, Means, Coburn, and Fagan.

Numbered highways in the United States
Highways are split into at least four different types of systems in the United States: Interstate Highways, U.S. Highways, state highways, and county highways. Highways are generally organized by a route number or letter. These designations are generally displayed along the route by means of a highway shield. Each system has its own unique shield design that will allow quick identification to which system the route belongs.
Narcyz Wiatr
Narcyz Wiatr (nom-de-guerre "Zawoja" and "Władysław Brzoza"; 19 September 1907 – 21 April 1945) was a Polish political activist, member of the agrarian Polish People's Party (SL), a prisoner at the Bereza Kartuska prison and during World War II a leader of Peasants' Battalions (BCh) an anti-Nazi underground resistance movement, with the rank of colonel,.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.