hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resolution enhancement technologies
Resolution enhancement technologies are methods used to modify the photomasks in the lithographic processes used to make integrated circuits (ICs or "chips") to compensate for limitations in the optical resolution of the projection systems. These processes allow the creation of features well beyond the limit that would normally apply due to the Rayleigh criterion. Modern technologies allow the creation of features on the order of 5 nanometers (nm), far below the normal resolution possible using deep ultraviolet (DUV) light.

Optical resolution
Optical resolution is the resolved detail of an imaging system by scale.
An imaging system may have many individual components, including one or more lenses, and/or recording and display components.  Each of these contributes (given suitable design, and adequate alignment) to the optical resolution of the system; the environment in which the imaging is done often is a further important factor.
Macaranga novoguineensis
Macaranga novoguineensis is a species of tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is native to New Britain and New Guinea. It is a late succession plant, and supports a variety of insect herbivores, including caterpillars from the moth Homona mermerodes.

New Britain
New Britain (Tok Pisin: Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.  The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.

When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern ("New Pomerania").  In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera. A major eruption of Tavurvur in 1994 destroyed the East New Britain provincial capital of Rabaul. Most of the town still lies under metres of ash, and the capital has been moved to nearby Kokopo.
Ray Novotny
Raymond John Novotny Sr. (October 12, 1907 – May 30, 1995) was an American football player and coach.  He played professionally with the Portsmouth Spartans, Cleveland Indians and Brooklyn Dodgers of the National Football League (NFL). Prior to playing in the NFL, Novotny played college football at Ashland University. While at Ashland, he earned All-American honors in 1929. In 1934, he returned to Ashland to serve as the school's football coach. He also served as the baseball coach for the 1935 season.

His grandson is Maryland politician Reid Novotny.

Portsmouth Spartans
The Portsmouth Spartans were a professional American football team that played in Portsmouth, Ohio, from their founding in 1928 to their relocation to Detroit in 1934. Originally drawing players from defunct independent professional and semi-professional teams, they joined the fledgling National Football League (NFL) in 1930. Their home stadium was Universal Stadium, known today as Spartan Municipal Stadium.

The team was sold to a new ownership group in 1934 and relocated to Detroit, where they became the Detroit Lions — a team which remains part of the NFL today.
Radio Television of Serbia
Radio Television of Serbia (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Србије, romanized: Radio-televizija Srbije), or RTS (Serbian: РТС), formerly known as Radio Television Belgrade (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Београд, romanized: Radio-televizija Beograd) or RTB (Serbian: РТБ) from 1958 to 1992, is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Serbia. RTS has four organizational units – radio, television, music production, and record label (PGP-RTS). It is financed primarily through monthly subscription fees and advertising revenue.

Rakovica, Belgrade
Rakovica (Serbian Cyrillic: Раковица, pronounced [râːkɔʋitsa]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2022 census results, the municipality has 104,456 inhabitants.

The municipality of Rakovica is located south of downtown Belgrade. It is bordered by the municipalities of Savski Venac on the north, Voždovac on the east and Čukarica on the west and south. Its neighborhood of Resnik marks the southernmost point of the Belgrade City Proper (uža teritorija grada).
Derebaşı, Bozyazı
Derebaşı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bozyazı, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 86 (2022). It is situated to the northeast of Bozyazı. The distance to Bozyazı is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) and to Mersin is 207 kilometres (129 mi).

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Johann Jacob Roemer
Johann Jacob Roemer (8 January 1763, Zürich – 15 January 1819) was a Swiss physician and professor of botany in Zürich, Switzerland. He was also an entomologist.

With Austrian botanist Joseph August Schultes, he published the 16th edition of Carl Linnaeus' Systema Vegetabilium.

Roemer's Genera insectorum is a most attractive Swiss publication on entomology. The splendid hand-coloured plates were drawn and engraved by the Swiss artist J.R. Schellenberg, an entomologist himself and therefore familiar with structural details.

In 1793, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The botanical genus Roemeria from the family Papaveraceae is named after him.

Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae (/pəˌpævəˈreɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), informally called the poppy family, are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates (mostly in the northern hemisphere) like Eastern Asia as well as California in North America. It is almost unknown in the tropics. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees. The family currently includes two groups that have been considered to be separate families: Fumariaceae and Pteridophyllaceae. Papaver is the classical name for poppy in Latin.
2021 Uruguay Open – Doubles
Facundo Bagnis and Andrés Molteni were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Rafael Matos and Felipe Meligeni Alves won the title after defeating Ignacio Carou and Luciano Darderi 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Facundo Bagnis
Facundo Bagnis (Spanish pronunciation: [faˈkundo ˈβaɣnis]; born 27 February 1990) is an Argentine inactive professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 55 reached in November 2016. Bagnis competed mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour where he has won 17 singles titles. He also won one ATP doubles title in Stuttgart.
Akkalkot Taluka
17°31′20″N 76°12′18″E﻿ / ﻿17.5223064°N 76.2048938°E﻿ / 17.5223064; 76.2048938

Akkalkot Taluka is one of the 11 tehsils of Solapur District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The tehsil occupies the southeast corner of the district and is bordered by Osmanabad District to the north, Karnataka's Kalaburagi and Bijapur districts to the southeast and south respectively, and South Solapur Taluka to the west. The tehsil headquarters is located at Akkalkot, which is also the largest city in the tehsil and a religious center of the area.

Osmanabad district
Osmanabad district (pronunciation: [usmaːnabaːd̪]) (Transliteration: Usmanabad Jil'hā), officially known as Dharashiv district, is an administrative district in the Marathwada region in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The district headquarter is located at Osmanabad. The District of Osmanabad derives its name from the last ruler of Hyderabad, the 7th Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan, of which the region was a part till 1947. This region was earlier part of The Hyderabad State until Independence.This primarily rural district occupies an area of 7,569 km2 (2,922 sq mi) of which 241.4 km2 (93.2 sq mi) is urban and has a population of 1,657,576 of which 16.96% were urban (as of 2011).
Shuping Yang commencement speech controversy
The Shuping Yang commencement speech controversy took place following a commencement speech made by Shuping Yang (Chinese: 杨舒平; pinyin: Yáng Shūpíng), a Chinese undergraduate student graduating from the University of Maryland (UMD), on May 21, 2017. The speech, which praised freedom of speech and democracy, drew the ire of Chinese netizens, state media, as well as the Chinese Students and Scholars Association at the University of Maryland.

Netizen
The term netizen is a portmanteau of the English words internet and citizen, as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen." It describes a person actively involved in online communities or the Internet in general.

The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource, or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to open access, net neutrality and free speech. The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet. Internet pioneer and author Michael F. Hauben is credited with coining and popularizing the term.
Ațel
Ațel (German: Hetzeldorf; Transylvanian Saxon: Hätselderf; Hungarian: Ecel) is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Ațel and Dupuș (Tobsdorf; Táblás). The commune first appears in written history in 1283 as villa Echelini. Later appearances in written documents are villa Heclini (1289), Hetzelini villa and villa Eczlen (1359), Ecczel (1365), and Heczeldorf (1548). A church is mentioned as of 1380.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Mai-Mai Kyandenga
Mai-Mai Kyandenga is a Mai-Mai armed group operating in north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It claims to protect the local population of Beni Territory and their land. It still remains unclear what the actual goal of the group is and how much it has in connection with the Union of Patriots for the Liberation of Congo (ULPC), Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), and other Mai-Mai groups operating in the area.

Beni Territory
Beni Territory, also known as Oicha Territory, is a territory of North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.  It's administrative center is the town of Oicha.

It has been the site of fighting during the Allied Democratic Forces insurgency between government troops and the ADF militia, which also crosses the border into the territory from Uganda. It was there that the Kirindera massacre, perpetrated by the ADF, happened.
Northville Central School District
Northville Central School District is a school district in New York State.

In Fulton County it includes sections of the towns of Bleecker, Mayfield, and Northampton. In Hamilton County it includes sections of the towns of Benson and Hope. The district extends into the Rown of Edinburg in Saratoga County.

In Fulton County it includes Northville Village. Its attendance boundary includes parts of Adirondack Park.

Mayfield, New York
Mayfield is a town in Fulton County, New York, United States, northeast of Gloversville and Johnstown. The town contains a village also named Mayfield. The population of the town was 6,495 at the 2010 census.
Diego Rosales (soccer)
Diego Rosales (born November 1, 2005) is a professional soccer player who plays as a defender for MLS Next Pro club Los Angeles FC 2. Born in the United States, he represents Mexico at international level.

MLS Next Pro
MLS Next Pro (MLSNP) is a men's professional soccer league in the United States and Canada that is affiliated with Major League Soccer (MLS). It launched in 2022 with 21 teams and now comprises 27 reserve sides of MLS clubs and two independent clubs (Carolina Core FC and Chattanooga FC). MLS Next Pro is classified as part of the third tier of the United States soccer league system.

As of the 2025 season, 27 of the 30 MLS teams held affiliations with an MLS Next Pro team, with only the CF Montréal, D.C. United, and San Diego FC having no such franchise affiliation.
Pavermenys Manor
Pavermenys Manor (Lithuanian: Pavermenio dvaras) is a former residential manor in the village of Pavermenys, Kėdainiai District Municipality, Lithuania. Pavermenys Manor was established in 1585. The surviving ensemble includes two manor houses (one being a main manor building, dating from the 17th and 19th centuries), a granary, ice house, and park with old linden alley.

The main manor house is a two-storey Classical (Neoclassical) building with single-storey wings; the principal façade features a portico and the wall planes are articulated with pilasters. The manor is set within a landscaped park originating in the 18th century, where several notable and uncommon trees are recorded, including eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), large-leaved linden (Tilia platyphyllos), silver birch (Betula pendula) and yellow-flowering horse-chestnut (Aesculus flava).

Aesculus flava
Aesculus flava, also known commonly as the common buckeye, the sweet buckeye, and the yellow buckeye, is a species of deciduous tree in the subfamily Hippocastanoideae of the family Sapindaceae. The species is native to the Ohio Valley and Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States. It grows in mesophytic forests or floodplains, generally in acidic to circumneutral soil, reaching a height of 20m to 48m (65 ft to 154 ft).
Adam Ignacy Komorowski
Adam Ignacy Komorowski of the Korczak coat of arms (24 May 1699 – 2 March 1759) was an archbishop of Gniezno, primate of Poland, provost of the Kraków cathedral chapter in 1737–1749, chancellor of the Krakow cathedral chapter in 1724–1737, archdeacon of the collegiate chapter of Nowy Sacz in 1729–1736, provost of the collegiate chapter of St. Michael at the Wawel Castle in 1743–1749, a canon of the collegiate chapter of the Tarnów prebend under the name of Dispatch of the Apostles until 1749, provost of the collegiate chapter of Pilica in 1733–1749, canon of the collegiate chapter of the Pilica prebend under the name of John the Baptist until 1726.

He died in 1759 in Łódź Voivodeship.

Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sącz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈsɔnt͡ʂ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Újszandec; Yiddish: צאַנז, romanized: Tsanz; Slovak: Nový Sonč) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. With a population of 83,116 as of 2021, it is the largest city in the Beskid Sądecki Region as well as the third most populous city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Canberra Institute of Technology
The Canberra Institute of Technology (CIT) is a vocational education provider with five campuses located in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. CIT is the largest Technical and Further Education (TAFE) provider in the Australian Capital Territory. Qualifications offered by CIT range from certificate to degree level. CIT has campuses across Canberra, located in Bruce, Reid, and Fyshwick. CIT also has two learning centres in Tuggeranong Town Centre and Gungahlin, which are primarily for students studying via flexible or distance learning. A Woden campus is currently under construction, due to be completed in 2025.

Tuggeranong Town Centre
35°25′01″S 149°03′58″E﻿ / ﻿35.417°S 149.066°E﻿ / -35.417; 149.066

Tuggeranong Town Centre is the town centre of the district of Tuggeranong in the Australian Capital Territory. It is located on the south-western side of Lake Tuggeranong and composed of a large two-storey mall called South.Point Tuggeranong, as well as smaller shopping complexes, the Homeworld, and Tuggeranong Shopping Square, and many other buildings and shops. It is also the location of the Tuggeranong Interchange, a youth centre, a bowling alley, Tuggeranong Skate Park, the Tuggeranong Arts Centre and Lake Tuggeranong College. Much of its architecture is noticeably Postmodern, infused with classical features such as prominent red roofs and a clock tower, as well as distinctive features such as one large round window each on most sides of the library.
Muhammad Shah of Brunei
Muhammad Shah (born Awang Alak Betatar; died c. 1402) established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan, from 1363/68 until 1402, the year of his alleged death. The genealogy of Muhammad Shah remains unclear. He converted to Islam in the 14th century and assumed the name Sultan Muhammad Shah. Subsequent sovereigns of Brunei, governed by a Muslim administration, were referred to as sultans. Apart from becoming the Sultan of Brunei, He was also regarded as the first Sultan of Sarawak, Labuan and Sabah before the Europeans took over the three territories.

Jamil Al-Sufri
Mohammad Jamil Al-Sufri bin Umar (10 December 1921 – 4 March 2021), pen name Wijaya, was a Bruneian aristocrat, historian and teacher who served as a member of the Royal Council, member of the Royal Succession Council, member of the Islamic Religious Council, and member of the Privy Council. He has also been referred to as the National Historian. He wrote works on the country's history, ancestry, customs and traditions, royal titles, Malay Islamic Monarchy (MIB), education, writings on Brunei heroes, and other topics.

Pehin Jamil has seen Brunei grow both under British patronage and under the Japanese occupation. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, and Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah were the three Bruneian sultans that he lived under. He was a highly experienced national historian due to his testimony on significant events that occurred in Brunei, such as the Japanese occupation of Brunei, the British Residency, the 1962 Brunei revolt, independence in 1984, and others.
Over-arm
An over-arm position is a body position in which a person's arms are extended over their shoulders or behind their head. This may take place, for example, during work or sporting activity, and is used in stretching exercises or during meditation besides other activities.  In wrestling, for example, nelson holds are over-arm holds, in a contest for physical dominance. In cricket, Overarm bowling is the norm. Also, in law enforcement, the raising of the arms above or behind the head is a gesture of surrender or submission, as it is in a military situation.

Nelson hold
A nelson hold is a grappling hold which is executed by one person from behind the opponent, generally when both are on the mat face down with the opponent under the aggressor. One or both arms are used to encircle the opponent's arm under the armpit, and secured at the opponent's neck. Several different nelson holds exist, and they can be separated according to the positioning of the encircling arm(s). A nelson is used to control an opponent or to turn them over onto their back and execute a pin.

The etymology of the term is uncertain. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term first appeared as "full Nelson" in an 1873 Pall Mall Gazette article where a coroner commented on its danger following a wrestling match. The name is perhaps a reference to Admiral Horatio Nelson, in whose honor several other terms were named, such as "Nelson's blood" (rum).
Roland Tudor
Roland Grimston Tudor (4 December 1890 – 11 October 1973) was an English cricketer active from 1912 to 1919 who played for Sussex. He was born in Willingdon, Sussex and died in Lewes. He appeared in five first-class matches and scored 94 runs with a highest score of 25 not out.

Willingdon and Jevington
Willingdon and Jevington is a civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex, England. The two villages lie one mile (1.6 km) south of Polegate. Willingdon is part of the built-up area which is Eastbourne, and lies on the main A22 road, whilst Jevington is on a minor road leading to Friston. In 2011 the parish had a population of 7440. The civil parish was formed on 1 April 1999 from "Jevington" and "Willingdon" parishes. Under the name of Willingdon it is also an electoral ward.
Brunhart
Brunhart is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Brunhart (politician, born 1851) (1851–1991), Liechtenstein politician

Fidel Brunhart (1900–1970), Liechtenstein politician

Heinrich Andreas Brunhart (1902–1950), Liechtenstein politician

Louis Brunhart (1902–1980), Liechtenstein politician

Walter Brunhart (1912–1991), Mayor of Balzers

Arthur Brunhart (born 1952), President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein

Christian Brunhart (politician, born 1956) (born 1956), Liechtenstein politician

Daniel Brunhart (born 1968), judoka from Liechtenstein

Hans Brunhart (born 1945), Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1978 to 1993

Bernadette Brunhart (born 1945), Liechtenstein journalist, politician and suffragist

Christian Brunhart (politician, born 1956)
Christian Brunhart (born 10 January 1956) is a politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 2000 to 2001.

He completed a commercial apprenticeship as a electronics technician at Oerlikon Balzers in 1976 and worked at the company from 1980 to 1994. He was the head of the statistics department of the Liechtenstein government. He was a deputy member of the Landtag on three occasions; from February  to October 1993, April 1994 to 2000, and finally from 2001 to 2005. He became a full member on 13 September 2000 when he succeeded Gebhard Hoch upon his death.

He married Rosmarie Walse on 31 May 1985 and they have one child together. He is from Balzers.
2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup final
The 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup final was a football match that took place on 3 May 2024 at the Jassim bin Hamad Stadium in Al Rayyan, Qatar, to determine the winners of the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup. The match was contested by Japan and Uzbekistan, the winners of the semi-finals.

Japan won the final 1–0 to triumph for the second time in their participation history.

Al Rayyan (city)
Al-Rayyan (Arabic: الريان) is a large city in the similarly named municipality of Al Rayyan, in Qatar. The city and its suburbs comprise the largest population center in Qatar outside of Doha proper, which is immediately to the east of Al Rayyan. Consisting of all of the districts in the municipality's easternmost section, its western boundary is roughly where the Al Majd Highway runs through the municipality. The city is a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area. It was one of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Roha railway station
Roha railway station (station code: ROHA) is the terminus railway station on the Vasai Road–Roha line of Central Railway in India. It is 143.61 km from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus via Diva Junction. It belongs to the Mumbai division of Central Railway.

The station is situated in Raigad district of Maharashtra. Its preceding railway station is Nidi. The jurisdiction of Central Railway ends 1170 m down from Roha railway station. From that point, the jurisdiction of Konkan Railways starts and ends at Thokur railway station in Karnataka. Roha Diva Memu originated & terminated from Roha Railway station Under the operated By Central Railway.

Thokur railway station
Thokur railway station is the last station under the jurisdiction of Konkan Railway towards Mangalore. Konkan Railway Corporation Limited ( KRCL )in coordination with Western railway zone has arranged to run special trains (09303/09304) from Dr Ambedkar nagar (Mhow) to Thokur via Indore junction, Vasai Road, Panvel, Ankola and Surathkal on 21st and 28th December 2025 (from Indore to Thokur) and 23rdand 30th December 2025 (from Thokur to Indore).