hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fisher–Yates shuffle
The Fisher–Yates shuffle is an algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence. The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually determines the next element in the shuffled sequence by randomly drawing an element from the list until no elements remain. The algorithm produces an unbiased permutation: every permutation is equally likely.  The modern version of the algorithm takes time proportional to the number of items being shuffled and shuffles them in place.

The Fisher–Yates shuffle is named after Ronald Fisher and Frank Yates, who first described it. It is also known as the Knuth shuffle after Donald Knuth. A variant of the Fisher–Yates shuffle, known as Sattolo's algorithm, may be used to generate random cyclic permutations of length n instead of random permutations.

Sampling bias
In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population have a lower or higher sampling probability than others. It results in a biased sample of a population (or non-human factors) in which all individuals, or instances, were not equally likely to have been selected.  If this is not accounted for, results can be erroneously attributed to the phenomenon under study rather than to the method of sampling.

Medical sources sometimes refer to sampling bias as ascertainment bias. Ascertainment bias has basically the same definition, but is still sometimes classified as a separate type of bias.
Asiegu
Asiegu is a hamlet (aldea) in the parish of Carreña, in the Asturian municipality (conceyu) of Cabrales.

It is located 3 km from Carreña, the capital of the municipality, and 425 m of altitude. In 2018 it had a population of 95 inhabitants.

On September 2, 2019, the jury of the Princess of Asturias Awards granted Asiegu the Exemplary People of Asturias Award.

Parish (administrative division)
A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

The table below lists countries which use this administrative division:
James William McClendon Jr.
James William McClendon Jr. (1924–2000) was a Christian theologian and ethicist in the Anabaptist tradition, though he preferred the term 'baptist' with a lower-case 'b'. He was married to philosopher Nancey Murphy, who is a senior faculty member at Fuller Theological Seminary.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
José Luis de Sousa
Dom José Luís de Sousa Botelho Mourão e Vasconcelos, 1st Count of Vila Real ComTE • GCA (Lisbon, 9 February 1785 — Saint Petersburg, 26 September 1855), known before receiving the comital title as D. José Luís de Sousa, was a Portuguese nobleman, military officer, diplomat, and politician. He was a Peer of the Realm, a Councillor of State, and served several times as a minister. He was also morgado of Mateus, Cumeeira, Sabrosa, Arroios, Moraleiros, and Fontelas.

Military Order of Aviz
The Military Order of Aviz (Portuguese: Ordem Militar de Avis), known previously to 1910 as the Royal Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Portuguese: Real Ordem Militar de São Bento de Avis), and before 1789 as the Knights of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Portuguese: Ordem de São Bento de Avis) or Friars of Santa Maria of Évora, is one of the four former ancient Portuguese military orders. It gave its name and coat of arms to the House of Aviz that ruled Portugal between 1385 and 1580. The founding king of House of Aviz, John I of Portugal, was an illegitimate son of a previous king, and thus not a member of his father's Portuguese House of Burgundy; however, John was the grand master of the Order of Aviz, and thus was known as "John of Aviz." Founded in 1146, it is the oldest Portuguese honorific order.
Chornomorets Stadium
The Chornomorets Stadium (Ukrainian: Стадіон «Чорноморець», romanized: Stadion «Chornomorets») is a football stadium built in 2011 in Odesa, Ukraine. The stadium has a capacity of 34,164 and is the home of FC Chornomorets Odesa and FC Seasters. The inaugural match, between FC Chornomorets Odesa and FC Karpaty Lviv, was played on 19 November 2011, and ended with a 2–2 draw. The first goal was scored by Vitaliy Balashov in the 46th minute from a penalty.

The stadium was constructed on the site of the old Soviet multi-use Central Stadium of the Black Sea Shipping Company (ChMP), which was demolished in 2009. The venue was considered to be one of the stadiums of UEFA Euro 2012 but failed to be nominated as such.

In February 2023, due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the facade of the Chornomorets stadium was de-Russified.

Black Sea Shipping Company
Black Sea Shipping Company (Ukrainian: Чорноморське морське пароплавство; Russian: Черноморское морское пароходство) is a Ukrainian shipping company based in Kyiv.

The company was established during the Imperial Russian rule in 1833. Following the World War I and reorganization of the former empire as a Soviet state, company was owned by the Soviet government. During Soviet rule, the company held the title of world's largest shipping company for several years and was instrumental in important foreign trade and international aid initiatives of the Soviet government.
Jalmenus ictinus
Jalmenus ictinus, the Ictinus blue or stencilled hairstreak, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Australia in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria.

The wingspan is about 30 mm.

The larvae feed on a various Acacia species, including A. bidwillii, A. dealbata, A. decurrens, A. harpophylla, A. implexa, A. mearnsii, A. melanoxylon, A. pendula and A. rubida, as well as Heterodendrum diversifolium.

The caterpillars are attended by the ant species Iridomyrmex purpureus and Iridomyrmex spadius.

Acacia dealbata
Acacia dealbata, commonly known as silver wattle, blue wattle or mimosa, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern mainland Australia. It is a bushy shrub or spreading tree with smooth bark, bluish grey or silvery and glaucous bipinnate leaves, spherical heads of yellow to bright yellow flowers, and straight to slightly curved pods. The Wiradjuri people of New South Wales use the name giigandul for the species.
2018 Mumbai Open – Singles
Luksika Kumkhum won her first WTA 125 title, defeating Irina Khromacheva in the final, 1–6, 6–2, 6–3.

Aryna Sabalenka was the defending champion, but qualified for and competed at the 2018 WTA Elite Trophy.

Hiroko Kuwata
Hiroko Kuwata (Japanese: 桑田寛子; born 18 December 1990) is a Japanese tennis player.

Kuwata has won one WTA 125 doubles title, as well as seven singles and 24 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 9 May 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 150. On 13 July 2015, she peaked at No. 112 in the WTA doubles rankings.
King of the Mischievous South Vol. 2
King of the Mischievous South Vol. 2 (shortened to KOTMS II) is the first commercial mixtape (seventh overall) by American rapper Denzel Curry, released on July 19, 2024, via PH Recordings and Loma Vista. The mixtape features guest appearances from Kingpin Skinny Pimp, Key Nyata, Maxo Kream, TiaCorine, ASAP Ferg, That Mexican OT, 2 Chainz, Mike Dimes, Kenny Mason, Project Pat, Ty Dolla Sign, Juicy J, Armani White, Ski Mask the Slump God, ASAP Rocky, and PlayThatBoiZay. It serves as the sequel to his third mixtape King of the Mischievous South Vol. 1 Underground Tape 1996 (2012), and also serves as the follow-up to Curry's fifth studio album, Melt My Eyez See Your Future (2022).

On October 30, Curry announced a deluxe edition of the mixtape, which he described as an album, with five additional tracks, it was released on November 15 as King of the Mischievous South; it includes additional guest appearances from Duke Deuce, Slim Guerilla, 454, Sauce Walka, Bktherula, and Lazer Dim 700.

454 (rapper)
Willie Wilson (born July 25, 1996), also known as 454, is an American rapper and record producer. Born in Florida, he is known for his distinctive psychedelic rap and plugg sound. He has released three mixtapes and also provided production on songs by Denzel Curry, Freddie Gibbs, Zelooperz, and Tony Shhnow.
A Virginia Romance
A Virginia Romance is a 1916 American silent short drama film directed by Charles Belmore and starring Francis X. Bushman and Beverly Bayne. It was produced and distributed by Metro Pictures. 
Writer Charles A. Taylor was at one time married to Laurette Taylor.

Laurette Taylor
Laurette Taylor (born Loretta Helen Cooney; April 1, 1883 – December 7, 1946) was an American stage and silent film star who is particularly well known for originating the role of Amanda Wingfield in the first production of Tennessee Williams's play The Glass Menagerie.
Denis Saifutdinov
Denis Damirovich Saifutdinov (Russian: Денис Дамирович Сайфутдинов; born 2 June 1981) is a Russian motorcycle speedway rider who rode in the 2002 Speedway World Cup for the Russia national speedway team.

2002 Speedway World Cup
The 2002 Speedway World Cup (SWC) was the 2nd FIM Speedway World Cup season. The final took place on 10 August 2002 in Peterborough, England. The tournament was won by Australia (64 points) and they beat Denmark (58 pts), Sweden (54 pts), Poland (48 pts) and Czech Republic (36 pts) in the Final.
Operation Hardihood
Operation Hardihood was a security operation conducted from 16 May to 8 June 1966 during the Vietnam War by the U.S. 503rd Infantry Regiment, the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR) and the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5 RAR) in Phước Tuy Province, South Vietnam to secure the area around Nui Dat for the establishment of a base area for the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF).

1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) is a regular motorised infantry battalion of the Australian Army. 1 RAR was first formed as the 65th Australian Infantry Battalion of the 34th Brigade (Australia) on Balikpapan in 1945 and since then has been deployed on active service during the Korean War, the Malayan Emergency, the Vietnam War, Unified Task Force in Somalia, East Timor, Iraq War and Afghanistan. Additionally, the battalion has deployed on peacekeeping and other operations to a number of countries including Japan, Rifle Company Butterworth, Timor Leste, Solomon Islands, Tonga and the Philippines. 1 RAR remains one of the Australian Army's most readily deployed units sending individuals and detachments to domestic, regional and other enduring operations. The battalion is currently based in Coral Lines at Lavarack Barracks, Townsville, Queensland, where it forms part of the 3rd Brigade.
Mae Naak (opera)
Mae Naak is a 2003 opera composed by Thai composer Somtow Sucharitkul to an English libretto based on one of Thailand's best known ghost stories Mae Nak Phra Khanong.  The story is also the basis for Nonzee Nimibutr's popular film Nang Nak.

The opera's title role was created by Hong Kong born soprano Nancy Yuen who reprised the role in a 2005 production at the Thailand Cultural Center, Seoul born baritone Kyu Won Han as Maak, directed by Henry Akina, artistic director of the Hawaii Opera Theatre.  Both productions were designed by prominent Thai avant-garde artist Sumet Jumsai.

The opera's London premiere was on September 15, 2011, at the Bloomsbury Theatre in London.  Nancy Yuen again reprised the role.  The 2003 production was revived by Stefan Sanchez and the opera was conducted by Trisdee na Patalung.

Nonzee Nimibutr
Nonzee Nimibutr (Thai: นนทรีย์ นิมิบุตร, RTGS: Nonsi Nimibut; Born: 18 December 1962) is a Thai film director, film producer and screenwriter. Best known for his ghost thriller, Nang Nak, he is generally credited as the leader among a "New Wave" of Thai filmmakers that also includes Pen-Ek Ratanaruang, Wisit Sasanatieng and Apichatpong Weerasethakul.
Sinicization of Marxism
The Sinicization of Marxism (Chinese: 马克思主义中国化; pinyin: Mǎkèsīzhǔyì Zhōngguó Huà) is a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ideological concept that claims to fuse (or "Sinicize") Marxism with China's national conditions, Chinese culture and history.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
Arakawa Nature Park
Arakawa Nature Park (荒川自然公園, Arakawa shizen koen) is a park in Arakawa, Tokyo. It was first opened in 1974, and is built on artificial ground placed over the Tokyo Mikawashima Wastewater Treatment Plant. The park features a garden, playground, bicycle track for children, baseball field, and tennis courts. In 1982 it was selected as one of the 'New Tokyo 100 Views.'

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Peter Ogwang
Peter Ogwang (born 15 December 1983) is a Ugandan politician. He is the current Minister of State for Sports in the Ugandan Cabinet. He was appointed to that position on 22 July 2022, replacing Denis Hamson Obua. Previously, he was the State Minister for Economic Monitoring and had earlier served as the State Minister for Information, Communication, ICT and National Guidance. He is also the elected Member of Parliament for Usuk County in Katakwi District, in the 11th Parliament ( 2021-2026 ).

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
George Kulcsar
György "George" Kulcsar (born 8 December 1967) is a former footballer who played in Australia for AIS, Canberra City and St. George Saints, in Belgium for Royal Antwerp, in England for Bradford City (scoring once against Wolverhampton Wanderers) and Queens Park Rangers (scoring once against Crystal Palace), and in Singapore for Home United. Born in Hungary, he won three caps with the Australia national team.

Royal Antwerp F.C.
Royal Antwerp Football Club (commonly referred to as Royal Antwerp or simply Antwerp) is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Antwerp. They compete in the Belgian Pro League, the top flight of Belgian football. Founded in 1880, Royal Antwerp is considered to be the oldest football club in Belgium.

The team has won the Belgian league title five times and the Belgian Cup four times, including a domestic double in 2022–23. In European competitions, it reached the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1992–93 and qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the first time in 2023.

The club's home colours are red and white and, since 1923, they have played their home games at Bosuilstadion in the Deurne district of Antwerp.
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP is a white-shoe law firm headquartered in New York City. The firm specializes in litigation and corporate practices, particularly mergers and acquisitions and private equity. The firm employs approximately 1,500 attorneys in 13 offices worldwide.

Guido Calabresi
Guido Calabresi (born October 18, 1932) is an Italian-born American jurist who serves as a senior circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He is a former Dean of Yale Law School, where he has been a professor since 1959. Calabresi is considered, along with Ronald Coase and Richard Posner, a founder of the field of law and economics.
Chicago Ridge Mall
Chicago Ridge Mall, formerly Westfield Chicago Ridge from 2004 to 2012, is a shopping mall in Chicago Ridge, Illinois. The mall features Kohl's, Dick's Sporting Goods, and Burlington as its anchor stores. The mall also has four junior anchors: Aldi, Old Navy, Michaels, and AMC Theatres. The mall also features a food court and the restaurants of Buffalo Wild Wings, Chili's and Chick-fil-A. The mall was built in 1981, and was expanded in 1986. In April 2012, Westfield sold the mall to Starwood Capital Group, with JLL responsible for management. In 2024, Starwood Capital sold the property to Second Horizon Capital.

Old Navy
Old Navy is an American clothing and accessories retailing company owned by multinational corporation Gap Inc. It has corporate operations in the Mission Bay neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The largest of the Old Navy stores are its flagship stores, located in New York City, Seattle, Chicago, Manila, and Mexico City.
Gin & Juice (DeVante Swing song)
"Gin & Juice" is a song by American musical artist DeVante, one of the founding members of R&B group Jodeci, featuring a guest rap performance from Static. The song was released as the fourth single for the soundtrack to the 1995 film Dangerous Minds in August 1995. The single was a promotional only release and not released for sale.

Dangerous Minds
Dangerous Minds is a 1995 American drama film directed by John N. Smith, written by Ronald Bass, and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer. It is based on the 1992 autobiography My Posse Don't Do Homework by retired U.S. Marine LouAnne Johnson, who in 1989 took up a teaching position at Carlmont High School in Belmont, California, where most of her students were African-American and Latino teenagers from East Palo Alto, a racially segregated and economically deprived city. Michelle Pfeiffer stars as Johnson. Critical reviews were mixed, with some critics praising Pfeiffer's performance but criticizing the screenplay as contrived and full of stereotypes. The film grossed $179.5 million and spawned a short-lived television series.
Karsta Lowe
Karsta Frances Lowe (born February 2, 1993) is an American volleyball player who was a first-team All-American at UCLA and who played for the United States women's national volleyball team. With the national team, she won the gold medal at the 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix, and was honored as the Most Valuable Player. She also won bronze medals at the 2015 FIVB World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympics. She has played professionally in Puerto Rico, Italy, China, Japan, and Indonesia.

Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The volleyball tournaments at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was played between 6 and 21 August. 24 volleyball teams and 48 beach volleyball teams, total 386 athletes, participated in the tournament. The indoor volleyball competition took place at Ginásio do Maracanãzinho in Maracanã, and the beach volleyball tournament was held at Copacabana Beach, in the temporary Copacabana Stadium.
José Antonio Pascual
José Antonio Pascual Rodríguez (born 29 March 1942, Monleras, Salamanca) is a linguist and professor of the Spanish language at Charles III University of Madrid, and a member of the Royal Spanish Academy and Accademia della Crusca, the regulatory institutions of standard Spanish and Italian, respectively. He joined the Royal Spanish Academy in 2002, serving as its vice president from 2007 to 2015, and is best known for his work with Joan Coromines on the Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (published 1983-1991), as well as the television series Hablando claro aired in Spain in the late 1980s.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Niedów
Niedów [ˈɲɛduf] (Upper Sorbian: Njedow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgorzelec, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the German border.

Zgorzelec County
Zgorzelec County (Polish: powiat zgorzelecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. It is situated in the extreme south-west of Poland, bordering both Germany and the Czech Republic. The county covers an area of 838.1 square kilometres (323.6 sq mi). Its administrative seat is Zgorzelec, on the German border; the other towns in the county are Bogatynia, Pieńsk, Zawidów and Węgliniec.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 89,612. The most populated towns are Zgorzelec with 30,374 inhabitants and Bogatynia with 17,436 inhabitants.
Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's épée
The épée event for amateurs was one of three épée events at the 1900 Summer Olympics. 102 fencers from 11 nations competed, with 91 of them from France. The event was won by Ramón Fonst of Cuba, the first of his two golds in individual épée. Silver and bronze both went to host nation fencers, Louis Perrée and Léon Sée. These badly organized games — derisively called “The Farcical Games” — were so poorly publicized that years later, even the competitors were clueless that they had competed in the Olympics in 1900. No official records for the games exist.  These accomplishments are not even mentioned in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. This was the first appearance of the event, as only foil and sabre events had been held at the first Games in 1896; the Men's épée event has been held at every Summer Olympics since 1900.

Léon Sée
Léon Sée (23 September 1877 – 21 March 1960) was a French fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was born in Lille and died in Paris.

He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the bronze medal in the épée. He was defeated by fellow French fencer Louis Perrée in the semi-final. He also won the bronze medal in the Amateur masters épée in Paris.