hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otfrid of Weissenburg
Otfrid of Weissenburg (German: Otfrid von Weißenburg; Latin: Otfridus; c. 800 - after 870 AD) was a monk at the abbey of Weissenburg (modern-day Wissembourg in Alsace) and the author of a gospel harmony in rhyming couplets now called the Evangelienbuch. It is written in the South Rhine Franconian dialect of Old High German. The poem is thought to have been completed between 863 and 871. Otfrid is the first German poet whose name we know from his work.

Rhine Franconian dialects
Rhenish Franconian or Rhine Franconian (German: Rheinfränkisch [ˈʁaɪnfʁɛnkɪʃ] ⓘ) is a dialect chain of West Central German. It comprises the varieties of German spoken across the western regions of the states of Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate, northwest Baden-Württemberg, and Hesse in Germany. It is also spoken in northeast France, in the eastern part of the département of Moselle in the Lorraine region, and in the north-west part of Bas-Rhin in Alsace. To the north, it is bounded by the Sankt Goar line (or das–dat line) which separates it from Moselle Franconian; to the south, it is bounded by the Main line which is also referred to as the Speyer line which separates it from the Upper German dialects.
Freesia speciosa
Freesia speciosa is a perennial, geophyte endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from Anysberg to Calitzdorp. The species has a range of 900 km2 and the total population is estimated at less than 10 000 plants. The population is fragmented due to agricultural activities and overgrazing. The threat still exists.

Anysberg Nature Reserve
The Anysberg Nature Reserve of 62,500 ha, is situated in the western Little Karoo region of the Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve in the Western Cape province, South Africa. The central mountain is named after Anise, Pimpinella anisum, which is found in the reserve. The reserve was established in 1984, to conserve succulent and fynbos flora in the Cape Fold Belt, and to reintroduce game which formerly occurred here.

The nearest towns are Laingsburg and Ladismith, which are both about 55 km from the main reserve entrance.
Clas Larsson Fleming
Clas Larsson Fleming (March 1592 – 27 July 1644) was a Swedish naval officer and nobleman involved in the development of a formal management structure for the Swedish Navy during the reigns of King Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina. He is remembered as one of the ablest administrators in the history of the Swedish Navy, and is in many ways a typical example of the type of aristocrat who served the Swedish Crown during the period of Sweden's imperial expansion.

Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.
Denis Brière
Denis Brière (1945/1946 – July 8, 2022) was a Canadian forestry professor and academic administrator. He took office as Université Laval's 25th rector (president) on June 1, 2007. He ran unsuccessfully for the position in 2002. He was formerly  dean of the faculty of forestry and geomatics at Université Laval in Quebec City, and held that office since 2000. He has also worked as an executive with James Bay Energy Corporation (Société d'énergie de la Baie-James), a consortium which built a series of hydro-electric dams near James Bay, Kruger Inc., a Canadian pulp and paper company, and Groupe Comact, a manufacturer of wood processing equipment.

Geomatics
Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information". Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data. Surveying engineering was the common name used for geomatics engineering in the past. The term was placed by the UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems under the branch of technical geography, which is geared towards interpreting and communicating spatial data. In Germany, "geodesy and geoinformatics" or "geodesy and geoinformation" is commonly used for describing this discipline. In addition, geospatial engineering is an alternative term to geomatic(s) engineering.
Capital Pathway
45°25′35″N 75°41′57″W﻿ / ﻿45.426498°N 75.699109°W﻿ / 45.426498; -75.699109

The Capital Pathway, also known informally as the Bike Path, is a 220-kilometre (140 mi) recreational pathway interlinking many parks, waterways and sites in Ottawa, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec.  Most of the pathway is paved, and allows an almost continuous route through the National Capital Region.

The pathway was mostly the work of the National Capital Commission (NCC), a crown corporation created in 1959. The trail, which includes the Rideau Canal Pathway, the Ottawa River Pathway, and the Rideau River Eastern Pathway extends in all directions and extends northward into Gatineau Park's lakes.

National Capital Region (Canada)
The National Capital Region (NCR) (French: Région de la capitale nationale, pronounced [ʁeʒjɔ̃ d(ə) la kapital nɑsjɔnal]), also known as Canada's Capital Region and Ottawa–Gatineau, is an official federal designation encompassing the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the adjacent city of Gatineau, Quebec, and surrounding suburban and exurban areas. Despite its designation, the NCR is not a separate political or administrative entity and falls within the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

Defined by the National Capital Act (1985), the NCR covers an area of 4,715 km2 (1,820 sq mi), straddling the Ottawa River, which serves as the boundary between Ontario and Quebec. This area is smaller than the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA), which spans 8,046.99 km2 (3,106.96 sq mi). Ottawa–Gatineau is the only CMA in Canada that crosses provincial boundaries.
Rest (Bouguereau)
Rest is an oil-on-canvas painting of 1879 by the French academic artist William-Adolphe Bouguereau. It is now in the Cleveland Museum of Art. It depicts a young mother with her children in the shade of a tree, with the dome of St Peter's Basilica in Rome in the background. The composition recalls  paintings of the Holy Family by Raphael. The work is signed at the bottom left.

The painting was bought from the artist by Hinman Hurlbut.

Holy Family
The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph.  The subject became popular in Christian art from the 1490s on, but veneration of the Holy Family was formally begun in the 17th century by Saint François de Laval, the first bishop of New France, who founded a confraternity.

The Gospels speak little of the life of the Holy Family in the years before Jesus' public ministry. Matthew and Luke narrate the episodes from this period of Christ's life, namely his circumcision and later Presentation, the flight to Egypt, the return to Nazareth, and the Finding in the Temple. Joseph and Mary were apparently observant Jews, as Luke narrates that they brought Jesus with them on the annual pilgrimage to Jerusalem with other Jewish families.
Zlatanov
Zlatanov (Bulgarian: Златанов) is a Bulgarian surname, with female form Zlatanova. Notable people with the surname include:

Dimitar Zlatanov (born 1948), Bulgarian volleyball player

Hristo Zlatanov (born 1976), Bulgarian volleyball player

Jaklin Zlatanova (born 1988), Bulgarian basketball player

Nikola Zlatanov (born 1961), Bulgarian rower

Radoslav Zlatanov (born 1987), visually impaired Bulgarian track and field athlete

Sisi Zlatanova, Bulgarian researcher in geospatial data

Smilen Zlatanov (born 1992), Bulgarian footballer

Zinaida Zlatanova, Bulgarian Minister of Justice in the Oresharski Government

Sisi Zlatanova
Sisi Zlatanova is a Bulgarian/Dutch researcher in geospatial data, geographic information systems, and 3D modeling. She works as a professor in the faculty of the Built Environment, at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), and is president of Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science) of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
John Hewitt (herpetologist)
John Hewitt (23 December 1880 – 4 August 1961) was a South African zoologist and archaeologist of British origin.  He was born in Dronfield, Derbyshire, England, and died in Grahamstown, South Africa.  He was the author of several herpetological papers which described new species. He also described new species of spiders and other arachnids.

Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/əˈræknɪdə/) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons.

Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the  cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders.

The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (aráchnē, 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider.
Retinal waves
Retinal waves are spontaneous bursts of action potentials that propagate in a wave-like fashion across the developing retina. These waves occur before rod and cone maturation and before vision can occur. The signals from retinal waves drive the activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the primary visual cortex. The waves are thought to propagate across neighboring cells in random directions determined by periods of refractoriness that follow the initial depolarization. Retinal waves are thought to have properties that define early connectivity of circuits and synapses between cells in the retina. There is still much debate about the exact role of retinal waves. Some contend that the waves are instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways, while others argue that the activity is necessary but not instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways.

GABA
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

GABA is sold as a dietary supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but data obtained from more recent research (2010s) in rats describes the notion as being unclear.

The carboxylate form of GABA is γ-aminobutyrate.
Mangka'ak
The Mangka'ak are an indigenous ethnic group residing in Sabah, eastern Malaysia on the island of Borneo. They primarily reside in the Sandakan, Labuk-Sugut, and Kinabatangan districts in northeastern Sabah. The population of Mangka'ak was estimated at 20,583 in the year 2000. They are a sub-group of the Kadazan-Dusun, and their language (ISO 639-3 dtb) belongs to the Dusunic branch of the Austronesian language family. The language is threatened with extinction, as most of the current generation use standard Malay in everyday speech.

Labuk-Sugut
Labuk-Sugut was a federal constituency in Sabah, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1971 to 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1966 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Elephant walk
Elephant walk or Elephant Walk might refer to:

Elephant Walk, a 1954 film starring Elizabeth Taylor (after the 1948 novel)

Elephant Walk (novel), a 1948 novel by "Robert Standish", Digby George Gerahty

Elephant Walk (restaurant), a French and Cambodian restaurant

Elephant Walk (Texas A&M), a Texas A&M University tradition

Elephant walk, a hazing tradition described in detail in the book Not Gay

"Elephant Walk", a 2002 song by Har Mar Superstar

Elephant walk (aviation), aircraft taxiing in close formation before takeoff

"Baby Elephant Walk", a 1961 song by Henry Mancini

Elephant walk (aeronautics)
An elephant walk is a term used by the United States Air Force (USAF) for the taxiing of military aircraft right before takeoff, when they are in close formation. Often, it takes place right before a minimum interval takeoff.
Alpha shape
In computational geometry, an alpha shape, or α-shape, is a family of piecewise linear simple curves in the Euclidean plane associated with the shape of a finite set of points. They were first defined by Edelsbrunner, Kirkpatrick & Seidel (1983). The alpha-shape associated with a set of points is a generalization of the concept of the convex hull, i.e. every convex hull is an alpha-shape but not every alpha shape is a convex hull.

Herbert Edelsbrunner
Herbert Edelsbrunner (born March 14, 1958) is a computer scientist working in the field of computational geometry. He is the Arts & Science Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at Duke University, Professor at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), and the co-founder of Geomagic, Inc. He was the first of only three computer scientists to win the National Science Foundation's Alan T. Waterman Award.
Hajjiabad, Takestan
Hajjiabad (Persian: حاجي اباد, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād and Ḩājīābād) is a village in Afshariyeh Rural District, Khorramdasht District, Takestan County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 207, in 62 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Terengganu F.C. II
Terengganu Football Club II (Malay: Kelab Bola Sepak Terengganu II) is a professional football club based in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The club currently plays in the under-23 Malaysia MFL Cup.

The club was founded as T-Team on 14 July 2006, changed its name to Terengganu II in 2017 and became the reserve team of Terengganu Football Club. The club is widely known as The Turtles.

Malaysia FAM Cup
The FAM Cup (Malay: Piala FAM) was a knock-out football tournament for the Malaysia M3 League and the Malaysia M4 League in Malaysia. From 2008 to 2018 it was held as a third-tier league and used the FAM League (Liga FAM) name.

The competition was first held in September 1951. Up to 1973, the competition was open to state teams that also competed in the Malaysia Cup, before the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) opened up the competition to club sides from 1974 onwards.
Cuisset
Cuisset is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Frederick Cuisset (1812–1891), English composer and organist

Paul Cuisset (born 1964), French programmer and video game designer

Thibaut Cuisset (1958–2017), French photographer

Thibaut Cuisset
Thomas Cuisset (March 19, 1958 – January 19, 2017) was a French photographer. He was a resident artist at the Villa Medici in 1992. He won the Prix Moins Trente in 1987, and the Prix de photographie from the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 2009.
Kaempferol
Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli.  It is also found in propolis extracts. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C (529–532 °F). It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.

Ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group, a single oxygen atom bonded to two separate carbon atoms, each part of an organyl group (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′, where R and R′ represent the organyl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the organyl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen atom, then it is a simple or symmetrical ether, whereas if they are different, the ethers are called mixed or unsymmetrical ethers. A typical example of the first group is the solvent and anaesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3). Ethers are common in organic chemistry and even more prevalent in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
Oliver Reynolds
Oliver Reynolds (born 1957, in Cardiff, Wales) is a British poet and critic. He studied drama at the University of Hull before returning to Wales to work as an assistant to the Director for Theatre Wales. He won the Arvon Foundation International Poetry Competition in 1985 for his poem 'Rorschach Writing' and the Eric Gregory Award in 1986. Reynolds has held writing residencies at universities in England, Scotland and Sweden, and has contributed to various literary publications including The Times Literary Supplement, Granta and The London Magazine.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Hemant Mehta
Hemant Mehta (/ˈhɛmənt mɛtə/; born February 25, 1983) is an American author, blogger, YouTuber and atheist activist. He currently runs the Friendly Atheist channel, and used to run the channel, The Atheist Voice. Mehta is a regular speaker at atheist events, and he has been a board member of charitable organizations such as the Secular Student Alliance and the Foundation Beyond Belief.

Mehta used to run the Friendly Atheist blog on Patheos, in which he and his associates published articles several times a day, and he also co-hosts a weekly podcast called the Friendly Atheist Podcast. The blog stopped its activities on Patheos from December 14, 2021. As of 2024, Mehta also publishes a newsletter.

On April 1, 2020, Mehta won his first appearance on the television game show Jeopardy!

Patheos
Patheos is a non-denominational, non-partisan online media company providing information and commentary from various, mostly religious, perspectives.

Upon its launch in May 2009, the website was primarily geared toward learning about religions through a reference library and other peer-reviewed resources on 27 global religions and worldviews. In its current form, the site also hosts more than 450 blogs in eleven "Faith Channels," offering commentary and news from these perspectives on topics including politics, institutions, culture, sacred texts, history, lifestyle, entertainment, family life, and business.
Blutendes Deutschland
Bleeding Germany (German: Blutendes Deutschland) is a 1933 German propaganda documentary film by Johannes Häussler. Two versions were made, a shorter edit in December 1932 and a second cut released shortly after the Nazi seizure of power in late March 1933. Presented in montage form, sources include old photographs, documents and newsreels.

A second section, entitled "Germany Awakens" traced the history of the Nazi party up to the March 1933 German federal election. The film traces Germany's history from the Franco-Prussian War, the founding of the German Empire, the First World War, the occupation of the Ruhr, the martyrdoms of Albert Leo Schlageter, Horst Wessel and others, the rise of Hitler, the foundation of the Harzburg Front and their eventual victory.

Albert Leo Schlageter
Albert Leo Schlageter (German pronunciation: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈleːo ˈʃlaːɡɛtɐ]; August 12, 1894 – May 26, 1923) was an Imperial German Army officer who served in World War I before joining several Freikorps groups and carrying out acts of sabotage against French occupational forces in the Ruhr. Schlageter was arrested by French forces for sabotaging railroad tracks and executed by firing squad in 1923. After his death, he was viewed by many German nationalists as a martyr, including the Nazi Party. In Nazi Germany, Schlageter was commemorated as a national hero, which in turn led Allied occupational authorities to target such commemoration after World War II as part of the denazification process.
Lethal Woman
"Lethal Woman" is a song recorded by American singer Dove Cameron. It was released by Disruptor and Columbia Records on October 20, 2023, as the third single from her extended play Alchemical: Volume 1 (2023). It follows the first singles from the project, "Boyfriend" and "Breakfast". She worked on the song with Connor McDonough, Riley McDonough and Ryan Daly, all of whom provided background vocals for it.

"Lethal Woman" is a production-heavy song with numerous key changes and sound effects including manic laughter, a gun being cocked and someone banging on a door. The lyrical content of the track explores Cameron's attraction to a woman she met on a night out, a feeling she compared to having been "cast a spell on". It was praised by critics including Dork, AP News and The Observer, while also having been billed as an ideal Halloween song.

Disruptor Records
Disruptor Records is an American record label founded by Adam Alpert in September 2014, as a joint venture with Sony Music Entertainment. The label has sold more than 15 million singles worldwide as of 2016.
Nûbihar
Nûbihar also known as Kent Işıkları (Kurdish: Weşanxane Nûbihar, Turkish: Nubihar Yayınları) is an academic publisher founded in March 1992 in Istanbul, Turkey. The publishing house specialises on topics pertaining to Kurds.

The publication is named after a work of Ehmedê Xanî.

Ehmedê Xanî
Ehmedê Xanî (also Ahmad-e Khani, Kurdo-Arabic script: ئەحمەدێ خانی) was a Kurdish intellectual, scholar, mystic and poet who is viewed by some as the founder of Kurdish nationalism. He was born in the Hakkâri region in 1650 and died in Bayazid in 1707.

Xanî's most important work is Mem and Zin, a long romantic epic which is sometimes viewed as the Kurdish national epic. It is the most famous work of Kurdish literature among both Kurds and non-Kurds. His other important works include Nûbihara Biçûkan, a versified Arabic-Kurdish vocabulary, and Eqîdeya Îmanê, a religious poem. These works were studied in Kurdish schools from the time of Khani towards the 1930s.

Xanî admired the Kurmanji poets Melayê Cizîrî and Feqiyê Teyran. Joyce Blau called him the spiritual son of Cizîrî, Teyran and Ali Hariri.