hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spanish Renaissance
The Spanish Renaissance was a movement in Spain, emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries.

This new focus in art, literature, 
quotes and science inspired by the Greco-Roman tradition of Classical antiquity, received a major impulse from several events in 1492:

Unification of the longed-for Christian kingdom with the definitive taking of Granada, the last Islamic controlled territory in the Iberian Peninsula, and the successive expulsions of thousands of Muslim and Jewish believers,

The official discovery of the western hemisphere, the Americas,

The publication of the first grammar of a vernacular European language in print, the Gramática (Grammar) by Antonio de Nebrija.

Gramática de la lengua castellana
Gramática de la lengua castellana (lit. 'Grammar of the Castilian Language') is a book written by Antonio de Nebrija and published in 1492. It was the first work dedicated to the Spanish language and its rules, and the first grammar of a modern European language to be published. When it was presented to Isabella of Castile at Salamanca in the year of its publication, the queen questioned what the merit of such a work might be; Fray Hernando de Talavera, bishop of Avila, answered for the author Nebrija in a letter addressed to the monarch:

After Your Highness has subjected barbarous peoples and nations of varied tongues, with conquest will come the need for them to accept the laws that the conqueror imposes on the conquered, and among them our language; with this work of mine, they will be able to learn it, as we now learn Latin from the Latin Grammar.
Devghat Rural Municipality
Devghat is a Rural municipality located within the Tanahun District of the Gandaki Province of Nepal.
The rural municipality spans 159 square kilometres (61 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 16,131 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Devghat, Kota, Chhipchhipe and part of Baidi VDCs were merged to form Devghat Rural Municipality.
Devghat is divided into 5 wards, with Devghat VDC declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
Ksawery Lubomirski
Franciszek Ksawery Lubomirski (1747–1819) was a Polish noble, Russian general.

Franciszek was born in a family of Stanisław Lubomirski voivode of Kijow who he had many possessions in Kiev Voivodeship, which following the First Partition of Poland fell under the Russian Empire control.

Franciszek Ksawery decided to become a Russian citizen. In 1777 he joined the Russian Army, eventually reaching the rank of general major.

Married three times, he had several children. His first wife was a daughter of the voivode of Kijow Franciszek Salezy Potocki. His second wife was a daughter of the Great Standard-bearer of Lithuania Stanisław Ferdynand Rzewuski. His third wife was a granddaughter of Kirill Razumovsky.

First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that eventually ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The growth of power in the Russian Empire threatened the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy and was the primary motive behind the First Partition.

Frederick the Great, King in Prussia, engineered the partition to prevent Austria, which was envious of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. Territories in Poland–Lithuania were divided by its more powerful neighbours (Austria, Russia and Prussia) to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries.

With Poland unable to defend itself effectively and foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish Sejm ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm, which was convened by the three powers.
Masukagami
Masukagami (増鏡, Japanese pronunciation: [ma.sɯ̥.kaꜜ.ɡa.mʲi, -ŋa.mʲi]) is a Japanese historical tale written in the early Muromachi period believed to be between 1368 and 1376.  The author is not known but is believed to be Nijō Yoshimoto.  It is the last of four works of mirror series and follows most recent events.

Masukagami is twenty chapters in total and follow events from 1180 to 1333 in accordance with the way Chinese classical historical tales were written.  It starts with the accession of Emperor Go-Toba and ends with Emperor Go-Daigo's punishment of being deported to an island of Oki Province.  The story is told through a fictitious hundred year old Buddhist nun of Seiryō-ji.

Oki Province
Oki Province (隠岐国, Oki no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜ.kʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan consisted of the Oki Islands in the Sea of Japan, located off the coast of the provinces of Izumo and Hōki. The area is now Oki District in modern Shimane Prefecture.  Its abbreviated form name was Onshū or Inshū (隠州),

Oki is classified as one of the provinces of the San'indō.  Under the Engishiki classification system, Oki was ranked as an "inferior country" (下国) and a "far country" (遠国).
Freweyni
Freweyni (also known as Sinkata or ferawun) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located 80 kilometers north of Mekele in the Misraqawi Zone of the Tigray Region (or kilil) of Ethiopia, this town has a latitude and longitude of 14°3′N 39°34′E﻿ / ﻿14.050°N 39.567°E﻿ / 14.050; 39.567 with an elevation of 2480 meters above sea level and is located along Ethiopian Highway 2.

Transport in Ethiopia
Transport in Ethiopia is overseen by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. Over the last years, the Ethiopian federal authorities have significantly increased funding for rail and road construction to build an infrastructure, that allows better economic development.
Rize Koyun
The Rize Koyan is a breed of livestock guardian dog from north Black Sea shore in Turkey.

The Rize Koyan is named after the town of Rize, the breed is found throughout Rize and Ordu provinces in the north-east Black Sea region of Turkey. The breed resembles the Kars, with a solid body and strong legs. Their structure allows the dogs to navigate the Canik Mountains, where these dogs are typically found. When the dog alerts by adopting a posture where the tail raises with a curve and the dog stands high with confidence. Dogs stand approximately 70 cm (28 in), bitches a centimetre or two less. The coat can be various colours, although dark grey is most common; bi-coloured examples are known. This dog is typically not a pet, but a working animal for the household to aid in vocal or physical warning of possible danger that may occur. These dogs were bred to protect their owners and the properties.

Rize
Rize (Turkish pronunciation: [ɾi'ze]; Greek: Ριζούντα, romanized: Rizoúnta; Laz: რიზინი, romanized: Rizini; Georgian: რიზე) is a coastal city in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Rize Province and Rize District. Its population is 119,828 (2021). Rize is a typical Turkish provincial capital with little in the way of nightlife or entertainment. Since the border with Georgia was opened in the early 1990s, the Black Sea coast road has been widened and the town is much wealthier than it used to be. Current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's family has its roots in Rize and the local university is named after him. The city is linked by road with Trabzon (41 miles [66 km] west), Hopa (55 miles [88 km] east on the Georgian border, and Erzurum (south). The Rize–Artvin Airport started operating in 2022.
2014 Distal & ITR Group Tennis Cup – Doubles
Santiago Giraldo and Cristian Rodríguez were the defending champion but Giraldo did not participate that year. Rodríguez played alongside Enrico Fioravante and they lost in the First Round.

Guillermo Durán and Máximo González won the title, defeating Riccardo Ghedin and Claudio Grassi in the final, 6–1, 3–6, [10–7].

Cristian Rodríguez (tennis)
Cristian Rodríguez (born 24 June 1990) is a Colombian tennis player who plays primarily on the ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures Tour. He reached a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 69 on 4 March 2024 and a singles ranking of No. 362 on 9 April 2018. He has played for the Colombia Davis Cup team since 2018 with an overall record of 1–0, with the sole match coming in singles play. In 2026, he was arrested while playing a Challenger in Brazil, being accused of making racial slurs to a ball boy.

Rodriguez has won three singles titles, all coming at the ITF Futures tour level, and he has won 32 doubles titles, with 14 at the ATP Challenger Tour level and 18 at the ITF level.
Ramzi Fawaz
Ramzi Fawaz is an American associate professor of English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he teaches courses in queer and feminist theory, American cultural studies, and LGBTQ literature. He is the author of The New Mutants: Superheroes and the Radical Imagination of American Comics, published in January 2016 by NYU Press, which received the 2012–2013 Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies Fellowship Award for Best First Book Manuscript in LGBT Studies, as well as Queer Forms, published in 2022 by NYU Press. His essays have been published in American Literature, GLQ, Feminist Studies, Callaloo, and ASAP/Journal.

Queer theory
Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory which is broadly associated with the study and theorization of gender and sexual practices that exist outside of heterosexuality, and which challenge heteronormativity. Following social constructionist developments in sociology, queer theorists are often critical of what they consider essentialist views of sexuality and gender. Instead, they study those concepts as social and cultural phenomena, often through an analysis of the categories, binaries, and language in which they are said to be portrayed.

It emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies (formerly often known as gay and lesbian studies) and women's studies. As an academic discipline, queer theory itself was developed by American feminist scholars Judith Butler and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Other scholars associated with the development of queer theory are French post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault, and American feminist author Gloria Anzaldúa.
Područna liga Doboj
The Regional League Doboj (Serbian: Подручна лига Добој / Područna liga Doboj) is a fifth level league in the Bosnia and Herzegovina football league system and a fourth level league in the Republika Srpska.

Bosnia and Herzegovina football league system
The Bosnia and Herzegovina football league system is a series of connected leagues for football clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The system is hierarchical, with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. The top division is organized by the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second and third levels by entity associations, and lower levels by cantonal or regional associations.
2021–22 Combined Counties Football League
The 2021–22 Combined Counties Football League season (known as the 2021–22 Cherry Red Records Combined Counties Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the 44th in the history of the Combined Counties Football League, a football competition in England. Teams were divided for the first time into three divisions: the Premier North, the Premier South and the First.

The constitution was announced on 18 May 2021.

After the abandonment of the 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of promotions were decided on a points per game basis over the previous two seasons.

Burnham F.C.
Burnham F.C. is a non-League football club based in Burnham in Buckinghamshire, near Slough. They currently compete in the Combined Counties League Premier Division North. The team play in blue and white shirts and white shorts. Home matches are played at The 1878 Stadium, previously known as The Gore, which has been recently redeveloped to include a new 3G pitch, supporter stand and club facilities.
Modern chess
Modern chess is a chess variant played on a 9×9 board. The game was invented by Gabriel Vicente Maura in 1968. Besides the usual set of chess pieces, each player has a prime minister and an additional pawn:

The prime minister (M) combines powers of a bishop and a knight.

The first match was played in Madrid at Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando's cafe on March 18, 1968. The players were Gabriel Vicente Maura himself (White), and Bonifacio Pedraz Cabezas (Black).

David Pritchard (chess player)
David Brine Pritchard (19 October 1919 – 12 December 2005) was a British chess player, chess writer and indoor games consultant. He gained pre-eminence as an indoor games and mind sports consultant, a role that he in effect created. A natural games player, it was to him that inventors or publishers would turn to organise a championship of a new game, write about it or generally promote it.

Though nearly a million copies of his chess books have been sold, Pritchard is best known for authoring The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants, in which he describes more than 1400 different variants.

In addition to authoring books on games, Pritchard was editor of Games & Puzzles magazine from 1972 to 1981. He was also a games director for the Mind Sports Organisation, and president of the British Chess Variants Society.
Mwei Kaw
Hnin An Daung Mwei Kaw (Burmese: နှင်းအံဒေါင်း မွေ့ကော, pronounced [n̥ɪ́ɴ ʔàɴ dáʊ̯ɴ mwḛ kɔ́]; also spelled as Hnin An Daw) was a principal queen consort of King Binnya U of Martaban–Hanthawaddy. She may have been Binnya U's second chief queen consort.

Binnya U
Binnya U (Mon: ဗညာဥူ, Burmese: ဗညားဦး, Burmese pronunciation: [bəɲá ʔú]; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived the initial rebellions and an invasion by Lan Na by 1353. But from 1364 onwards, his effective rule covered only the Pegu province, albeit the most strategic and powerful of the kingdom's three provinces. Constantly plagued by poor health, U increasingly relied on his sister Maha Dewi to govern. He formally handed her all his powers in 1383 while facing an open rebellion by his eldest son Binnya Nwe, who succeeded him as King Razadarit.

King Binnya U is best remembered in Burmese history as the father of King Razadarit. One enduring legacy of his reign was Pegu's (Bago's) emergence as the new power center in Lower Burma. The city would remain the capital of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century.
Truesdale Lake (New York)
Lake Truesdale is located in the hamlet of South Salem, part of the Town of Lewisboro, in northern Westchester County, New York. The 83.3-acre (337,000 m2) lake is just under 1 mile (1.6 km) long and about 3⁄8 mile (0.60 km) across at its widest point. The primary water flow into the lake comes from the swamp on Pumping Station Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut.

The lake was created in 1927 by damming a stream and flooding Hoyt's pond and surrounding swamp. Two homeowners' associations (Truesdale Lake Property Owners' Association - TLPOA, and Truesdale Estates Association - TEA) manage the lake and maintain two beaches available to their members.

South Salem, New York
South Salem is a hamlet in the Town of Lewisboro, Westchester County, in the U.S. state of New York. Part of the New York metropolitan area, the town center has a post office, town hall, library, and recycling center.

Notable residents have included the 33rd Vice President of the United States Henry A. Wallace, Major John Andre (British spy held captive), Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, photographer O. Winston Link, artist Charles Sheeler (American, 1883–1965), pianist Hélène Grimaud, composer and arranger Clare Grundman, singer and musical stage headliner Sally Ann Howes, actress Colleen Dewhurst, bond salesman Joseph Schembri, musician Chris Jasper, and notorious real estate scion and convicted murderer Robert Durst.

The Osborn–Bouton–Mead House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
Ryan Cooke
Ryan Cooke is an Australian physicist. He is Professor of Physics at the Durham University Department of Physics.

He was awarded the 2025 Gruber Prize in Cosmology jointly with Max Pettini, his former PhD supervisor. They received the award for work improving the Big Bang nucleosynthesis model through precise measurements of the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio using data collected on quasars.

Department of Physics, Durham University
The Department of Physics at Durham University, located in Durham, England, is responsible for both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as scientific research in physics and astronomy.

The department hosts the largest particle theory group in the United Kingdom. It is also noted for its research in astronomy and astrophysics, including one of the largest groups in Europe studying galaxy evolution.

Based on the Mountjoy site south of the River Wear, the department is home to two research institutes: the Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology and the Institute for Computational Cosmology.

In the 2023 and 2024 editions of The Guardian university league tables, the department was ranked second for physics in the United Kingdom.
Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz
The Hippodrome of Santa Beatriz (Spanish: Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz) was a hippodrome located in Jesús María District, Lima, Peru. Now almost completely demolished, its former premises are now occupied by El Campo de Marte.

Hippodrome
Hippodrome is a term sometimes used for public entertainment venues of various types. A modern example is the Hippodrome which opened in London in 1900 "combining circus, hippodrome, and stage performances".

The term hippodroming refers to fraudulent sporting competitions, such as in racing or baseball.
Thorpe Morieux Woods
Thorpe Morieux Woods is a 45.2-hectare (112-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Thorpe Morieux in Suffolk. Part of it is Bull's Wood, a nature reserve managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.

These ancient semi-natural woods are managed by coppicing. The soil is poorly drained boulder clay, and common trees include pedunculate oak. Bramble and dog's mercury are dominant in the ground flora, with extensive oxlip in some areas.

There is access to Bull's Wood, and a footpath goes through Thorpe Wood, but there is no public access to Felsham Wood or Great Hastings Wood.

Thorpe Morieux
Thorpe Morieux (/məˈruː/ ⓘ Mə-ROO) is a small village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. It is 10 miles south-east of Bury St Edmunds and 10 miles north east of Sudbury.

Located in Babergh district, the parish contains the hamlets of Thorpe Green and Almshouses Green, as well as Great Hastings Wood (part of the Thorpe Morieux Woods SSSI), which is classified as Ancient Woodland. It was anciently in the Cosford Hundred.

There are 14 listed buildings in the parish, mostly grade II with the grade II* Thorpe Hall and the grade I parish church of St Mary the Virgin.

The village is located on the river Brett.
Ganbold Lundeg
Ganbold Lundeg (2.1.1956) is a Mongolian anesthetist based at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences where he is Head of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia Department.  He has been the president of the Mongolian Society of Anesthesiologists for several years, and is a member of The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery.

He is a member of the Society of Critical Care Medicine with a substantial portfolio of clinical research publications.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Sanremo Music Festival 1959
The Sanremo Music Festival 1959 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 1959), officially the 9th Italian Song Festival (9º Festival della canzone italiana), was the ninth annual Sanremo Music Festival, held at the Sanremo Casino in Sanremo between 30 January and 1 February 1959, and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was presented by Enzo Tortora and Adriana Serra.

According to the rules of this edition every song  was performed in a double performance by a couple of singers or groups, with some artists performing multiple songs.
The winner of the festival was "Piove (Ciao, ciao bambina)", performed by Domenico Modugno (who was also the composer of the song) and Johnny Dorelli. The couple had already won the previous edition of the festival with "Nel blu, dipinto di blu". Modugno went on to perform the song for Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959.

Enzo Tortora
Enzo Tortora (30 November 1928 – 18 May 1988) was an Italian television presenter on national RAI television, who was unjustly convicted of being a member of the Camorra and drug trafficking in 1985, and sentenced to 10 years in jail. He was acquitted of all charges by the Supreme Court of Cassation in 1987.
1977 North Korean local elections
Elections to provincial, municipal, city, county and district people's assemblies were held in North Korea on March 4, 1977. In total, 3,244 provincial people's assembly deputies and 24,268 city, county and district people's assembly deputies were elected.

Voter turnout was reported as 100%, with candidates receiving a 100% approval rate.

Candidate
A candidate, or nominee, is a prospective recipient of an award or honor, or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position. For example, one can be a candidate for membership in a group or election to an office, in which case a candidate selection occurs.

"Nomination" is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to an office by a political party, or the bestowing of an honor or award. This person is called a "nominee", though "nominee" is often used interchangeably with "candidate". A presumptive nominee is a person or organization whose nomination is considered inevitable or highly likely. The phenomenon of being a candidate in a race for either a party nomination or for electoral office is called "candidacy". The term "presumptive candidate" may be used to describe someone who is predicted to be a formal candidate.
Cipher Department of the High Command of the Luftwaffe
Cipher Department of the High Command of the Luftwaffe was the signals intelligence and cryptanalytic agency of the German Air Ministry before and during World War II. In 1945, the unit was known as the Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350, abbreviated as OKL/Ln Abt 350 and formerly called the (German: Oberkommando der Luftwaffe Luftnachrichtenabteilung 350). It was the successor in November 1944 of the unit formerly named as the Chi-Stelle Ob.d.L. (German: Chiffrierstelle, Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe, lit. 'code centre, High Commander of the Air Force'), which was often abbreviated to Chi-Stelle/ObdL.

Oberhaching
Oberhaching (German pronunciation: [oːbɐˈhaxɪŋ] ⓘ, lit. 'Upper Haching', in contrast to "Lower Haching") is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany, with 13,638 inhabitants (2020) on an area of 26.6 km2 (10.3 sq mi). It is located 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Munich city centre and has a 1,250 year history.

Oberhaching has also become a high-end residential location thanks to its excellent connections to Munich and its quiet, rural location.