hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerhard Rainer
Gerhard Rainer (born 19 January 1961 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian bobsledder who competed in the early 1990s. He earned his best finish of eighth in the two-man event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville.

The following year, Rainer finished sixth in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships in Igls.

He tested positive for anabolic steroids prior to the start of the 1994 Winter Olympics and was kicked off the Austrian bobsleigh team as a result. Rainer served a two-year suspension.

FIBT World Championships 1993
The FIBT World Championships 1993 took place in Igls, Austria (Bobsleigh) and La Plagne, France (Skeleton). This was Igls's fourth time hosting the championships, doing so previously in 1935 (Two-man) and 1963, and 1991 (Skeleton). Meanwhile, La Plagne was hosting its first championship event.
Java Portlet Specification
The Java Portlet Specification defines a contract between a portlet and its container; it provides a convenient programming model for Java portlet developers. Multiple versions of the specification, each a Java Specification Request (JSR) document, have been released with each intended to define an improved technology compared to the previous version.

A Java portlet resembles a Java servlet but produces fragments rather than complete documents, and is not bound by a URL.

Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code – someone with skill in computer programming.
The professional titles software developer and software engineer may be used for jobs that require a programmer.
Fumage
Fumage is a surrealist art technique popularized by Wolfgang Paalen in which impressions are made by the smoke of a candle or kerosene lamp on a piece of paper or canvas. The earliest documented practitioner of the technique was American clockmaker Silas Hoadley whose circa 1810-1820 fumage decorated clock is in the permanent collection of the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Paalen's first fumage, Dictated by a Candle, was presented 1936 in the International Surrealist Exhibition in London. In the same year Paalen painted Pays interdit ("Forbidden Land"), his first oil painting, which he based on the fumage technique. Several other Surrealists as Roberto Matta, but also Salvador Dalí later utilized the technique, Dali calling the technique "sfumato". The technique has been utilized by artists including Bimal Banerjee, Alberto Burri, Burhan Doğançay, Jiri Georg Dokoupil, Hugh Parker Guiler, Yves Klein, Julia Thecla, Antonio Muñiz, and Otto Piene.

Roberto Matta
Roberto Antonio Sebástian Matta-Echaurren (Spanish: [roˈβeɾto ˈmata]; November 11, 1911 – November 23, 2002), usually known simply as Matta, also as  Sebastián Matta or Roberto Matta, was one of Chile's best-known painters and figures in 20th century surrealist art across the Americas and Europe.
Java Web Services Development Pack
The Java Web Services Development Pack (JWSDP) is a free software development kit (SDK) for developing Web Services, Web applications and Java applications with the newest technologies for Java.

Oracle replaced JWSDP with GlassFish. All components of JWSDP are part of GlassFish and WSIT and several are in Java SE 6  ("Mustang").  The source is available under the Open Source Initiative-approved CDDL license.

Open Source Initiative
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an American nonprofit organization that maintains The Open Source Definition (OSD), the predominant standard for open-source software. The organization was founded in February 1998 by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond, part of a group inspired by the Netscape Communications Corporation publishing the source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator product. Later, in August 1998, the organization added a board of directors.

For most of its existence, the OSI's activities have been focused on the definition and certifying software licenses as compliant with it. OSI originally had a closed organizational model, but began to switch towards a membership organization in the 2010s to raise more money and expand its activities.
Dorset, Minnesota
Dorset is an unincorporated community in Henrietta Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota, United States. The population of Dorset is 22. It is a small, unincorporated community in Hubbard County, known as the "Restaurant Capital of the World" due to its high number of restaurants. Dorset is also home to its traditional event "Taste of Dorset" which includes live music, food and beverages, ice cream and desserts, and shops.

The tiny community (population 22) is located 6 mi (9.7 km) east-northeast of Park Rapids and six miles west of Nevis. Hubbard County State-Aid Highways 7 and 18; and State Highway 226 are three of the main routes in the community. State Highway 34 is nearby. Dorset is located along the Heartland State Trail.

Henrietta Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
Henrietta Township is a township in Hubbard County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,582 at the 2000 census.

Henrietta Township was named for Henrietta Martin, the wife of an early settler.
World Classical Tamil Conference 2010
The World Classical Tamil Conference 2010 was an international gathering of scholars, poets, political leaders and celebrities with an interest in Tamil people, the Tamil language and Tamil literature. It was held in Coimbatore between 23 June and 27 June 2010 with an expenditure of more than 500 Crores.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
Demiivka
Demiivka (Ukrainian: Деміївка) is a neighborhood located in the Holosiiv Raion (district) of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is located towards the southern part of the city, in between the city's neighborhoods Chorna Hora, Shyrma, and Holosiiv National Park. The Lybid River flows through the neighborhood, giving it its unofficial name Nyzhnia Lybid. The eastern edge of the neighborhood is bordered by the Kyiv Hills, consisting of Lysa Hora, Chorna Hora, and Bahrynova Hora, past which is the river Dnieper.

Raions of Ukraine
A raion (Ukrainian: район, romanized: raion; pl. райони, raiony), often translated as district, is the second-level administrative division in Ukraine. Raions were created in a 1922 administrative reform of the Soviet Union, to which Ukraine, as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, belonged.

On 17 July 2020, the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) approved an administrative reform to merge most of the 490 raions, along with the "cities of regional significance", which were previously outside the raions, into just 136 reformed raions. Most tasks of the raions (education, healthcare, sport facilities, culture, and social welfare) were taken over by new hromadas, the subdivisions of raions. The 136 new districts include ten in Crimea, which have been de facto outside Ukrainian control since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014.
Rude Boy (film)
Rude Boy is a 1980 British film directed by Jack Hazan and David Mingay and filmed in 1978 and early 1979.

The film, part fiction, part rockumentary, tells the story of Ray Gange, a young Clash fan who leaves his dead-end job in a sleazy Soho sex shop to become a roadie for the band. The film also includes extensive footage of the Clash at a Rock Against Racism concert at Victoria Park, on their On Parole and Sort It Out tours, and in the studio recording the album Give 'Em Enough Rope. The film was named after the rude boy subculture and over the years won a cult following.

Subculture
In the sociology of culture, a subculture is a group of people within a cultural society that differentiates itself from the values of the mainstream or dominant culture (or superculture) to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures coexist within mainstream society while keeping their specific characteristics intact.

Since its inception in the English-speaking world (primarily North America and the United Kingdom) during the 1940s–1950s, the concept and study of subcultures was developed in the academic fields of sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. Examples of subcultures include punks, skinheads, Teddy Boys, mods, rockers, bikers, hip-hoppers, and more. Subcultures differ from countercultures.
PACELC design principle
In database theory, the PACELC design principle is an extension to the CAP theorem. It states that in case of network partitioning (P) in a distributed computer system, one has to choose between availability (A) and consistency (C) (as per the CAP theorem), but else (E), even when the system is running normally in the absence of partitions, one has to choose between latency (L) and loss of consistency (C).

Cosmos DB
Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed, multi-model database service offered by Microsoft. It is designed to provide high availability, scalability, and low-latency access to data for modern applications. Unlike traditional relational databases, Cosmos DB is a NoSQL (meaning "Not only SQL", rather than "zero SQL") and vector database, which means it can handle unstructured, semi-structured, structured, and vector data types.
Machu Kunturi
Machu Kunturi (Quechua machu old, old person, Aymara kunturi condor, "old condor", Hispanicized spelling Macho Condori) or Pampachuku (Pampachuco) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. It is located in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, Ocuviri District. Machu Kunturiri lies between the mountain Pichaqani in the west and Qillqa in the east.

Condor
Condor is the common name for two genera of New World vultures, each with one extant species. The name derives from the Quechua kuntur. They are the largest flying land birds in the Western Hemisphere.

One species, the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), inhabits the Andean mountains. The other, the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), is currently restricted to the western coastal mountains of the contiguous United States and Mexico, as well as the northern desert mountains of Arizona.
Vortexx
Vortexx was an American Saturday morning children's television programming block that aired on The CW from August 25, 2012 to September 27, 2014. Programmed by Saban Brands, it replaced Toonzai, a block that was programmed by 4Kids Entertainment until its bankruptcy. The Vortexx block primarily featured animated programs, although it also featured several live-action series, including the Lost Galaxy installment of the Power Rangers franchise (which had been re-acquired by Saban), and the WWE wrestling series Saturday Morning Slam.

The block came to an end on September 27, 2014, and was replaced the following week with a live-action E/I block from Litton Entertainment named One Magnificent Morning. Until KidsClick was launched in July 2017, it was the conclusive Saturday morning animation block across all major five broadcast television networks with the exception of NBC Kids, which remained on the NBC network for an additional two seasons.

Power Rangers Lost Galaxy
Power Rangers Lost Galaxy is a tokusatsu television series and the sixth entry of the Power Rangers franchise, based on the 22nd Super Sentai series Seijuu Sentai Gingaman. The series was the first to follow the Sentai tradition of a new cast with each new series with minimal costume and prop elements being recycled from Denji Sentai Megaranger.

Kendrix Morgan (Valerie Vernon), the first Pink Galaxy Ranger for this series, was briefly killed off two-thirds through the season, marking the first time that a Ranger was killed off in the series. Kendrix was temporarily  written out of the show as Vernon had temporarily departed to seek treatment for leukemia. Her treatment was successful and she returned for the season finale.
Xanthoparmelia minuta
Xanthoparmelia minuta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by David Knox and Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Pilgrim's Rest in the Mount Sheba Nature Reserve at an elevation of about 1,965 m (6,447 ft); there, it was found growing on open sandstone cliffs. Tightly attached to its rock substrate, the thallus of X. minuta is yellowish green in color and measures 1–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) broad. It contains norstictic acid, salazinic acid, consalazinic acid, usnic acid, and trace amounts of pyrophoric acid and protoconstipatic acid.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Sattathin Thirappu Vizhaa
Sattathin Thirappu Vizhaa (transl. Opening ceremony of Law) is 1989 Indian Tamil-language legal thriller film written, produced and directed by M. Bhaskar. The film stars Karthik, Shobana and Ravichandran, with Nizhalgal Ravi, Kuyili and Rajesh in supporting roles. It was released on 16 June 1989. This movie was an unofficial remake of Nalla Theerpu released in 1959. A lot of plot points were borrowed.

Nizhalgal Ravi
Ravichandran Samanna (born 16 April 1956), known professionally as Nizhalgal Ravi, is an Indian film, television and voice actor who works mainly in Tamil cinema. He has also performed in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films and television series. He started his career in 1980 with the film Nizhalgal. He has acted in more than 580 films. He is best known for his dubbing work for Amitabh Bachchan in Tamil.
Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery
The Canadian Clay and Glass Gallery (CCGG) is a public art gallery located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It is the only Canadian art gallery exclusively dedicated to exhibiting and collecting contemporary Canadian ceramic, glass, enamel and stained glass works of art. It has approximately 20,000 annual visitors.

The Canadian Guild of Potters — which would later become known as Ceramists Canada —was formed in 1936. Concurrent with the founding of the guild came the first thought of establishing a national ceramics gallery. It wasn't until 45 years later that the idea gained traction.  Construction of the gallery began in 1991 and the Canadian Clay & Glass Gallery opened in June 1993. The building was designed by Patkau Architects of Vancouver, who received a Medal of Excellence for the design under the Governor General's Awards for Architecture program in June 1997.

The gallery has more than nine hundred items in the permanent collection and five exhibiting galleries.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Sca-1
Sca-1 stands for "Stem cells antigen-1" (official gene symbol: Ly6a). It consist of 18-kDa mouse glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein (GPI-AP) of the LY6 gene family. It is the common biological marker used to identify hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) along with other markers.

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol or inositol phospholipid is a biomolecule. It was initially called "inosite" when it was discovered by Léon Maquenne and Johann Joseph von Scherer in the late 19th century. It was discovered in bacteria but later also found in eukaryotes, and was found to be a signaling molecule.

The biomolecule can exist in nine different isomers. It is a lipid which contains a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and one inositol sugar molecule. Typically, the phosphate group has a negative charge (at physiological pH values). As a result, the molecule is amphiphilic.

The production of the molecule is limited to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Rpath
In computer science, rpath designates the run-time search path hard-coded in an executable file or library. Dynamic linking loaders use the rpath to find required libraries.

Specifically, it encodes a path to shared libraries into the header of an executable (or another shared library).  This RPATH header value (so named in the Executable and Linkable Format header standards) may either override or supplement the system default dynamic linking search paths.

The rpath of an executable or shared library is an optional entry in the .dynamic section of the ELF executable or shared libraries, with the type DT_RPATH, called the DT_RPATH attribute. It can be stored there at link time by the linker. Tools such as chrpath and patchelf can create or modify the entry later.

Executable
In computing, an executable is a resource that a computer can use to control its behavior. As with all information in computing, it is data, but distinct from data that does not imply a flow of control. Terms such as executable code, executable file, executable program, and executable image describe forms in which the information is represented and stored. A native executable is machine code and is directly executable at the instruction level of a CPU. A script is also executable although indirectly via an interpreter. Intermediate executable code (such as bytecode) may be interpreted or converted to native code at runtime via just-in-time compilation.
Timothy with his Grandmother Lois
Timothy with his Grandmother Lois or The Prophetess Anna Teaching a Child is a 1650 or c. 1654 oil on canvas painting, attributed to Rembrandt until 1910 but since 1924 thought to be by Willem Drost. Its two titles refer to Timothy, Lois and Anna. It is now in the Hermitage Museum, in Saint Petersburg.

The work bears a signature by Rembrandt, but this was contested in 1910 by Abraham Bredius, who reassigned it Lambert Doomer. G. Falck first mooted Drost's authorship in 1924, which was affirmed by Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner in 1939 and Jonathan Bikker in 2001.

Lois (biblical figure)
According to the New Testament, Lois (Ancient Greek: Λωΐς) was the grandmother of Timothy. According to extrabiblical tradition, she was born into the Jewish faith, and later accepted Christianity along with her daughter Eunice.

Her only biblical mention is in 2 Timothy 1:5, where the author tells Timothy

I am reminded of your sincere faith, a faith that dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice and now, I am sure, dwells in you as well. (ESV)

It has been suggested that Lois, Eunice, and Timothy may have been kinsfolk of Paul, hence his apparent intimacy with the family and his knowledge of their faith.

Lois has often been used as an example for Christian grandmothers and creating a heritage of faith. Dale Evans Rogers suggests that "her example, her teachings, and her faith" were strong influences in Timothy's life.
Ding Hui (volleyball)
Ding Hui (Chinese: 丁慧; pinyin: Dīng Huì, born 24 June 1989) is a Chinese professional volleyball player for Shanghai Men's Volleyball Club. Born in Hangzhou to a South African father, in 2009, he became the first Chinese athlete of African descent to make a Chinese national sports team.

Shanghai Men's Volleyball Club
Shanghai Men's Volleyball Club, now known as Shanghai Bright (Chinese: 上海光明男排), is a Chinese men's volleyball club based in Shanghai. The Shanghai men's volleyball team plays in the Chinese Men's League and the AVC Club Volleyball Championship.

The team won 18 Chinese League champion titles. The team with the name and different extensions have been presented as Shanghai Tang Dynasty, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai Golden Age and now Shanghai Bright.

The team participated in FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship for the first time in 2017.
Züschen (megalithic tomb)
The Züschen tomb (German: Steinkammergrab von Züschen, sometimes also Lohne-Züschen) is a prehistoric burial monument, located between Lohne and Züschen, near Fritzlar, Hesse, Germany. Classified as a gallery grave or a Hessian-Westphalian stone cist (hessisch-westfälische Steinkiste), it is one of the most important megalithic monuments in Central Europe. Dating to the late 4th millennium BC (and possibly remaining in use until the early 3rd), it belongs to the Late Neolithic Wartberg culture. The presence of incised carvings, comparable to prehistoric rock art elsewhere in Europe, is a striking feature of Wartberg culture tombs, known so far only from Züschen and from tomb I at Warburg.

Warburg
Warburg (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːɐ̯bʊʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Warberich or Warborg) is a town in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, central Germany on the river Diemel near the three-state point shared by Hessen, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. It is in Höxter district and Detmold region. Warburg is the midpoint in the Warburger Börde. Since March 2012 the city is allowed to call itself 'Hanseatic City of Warburg'.
Street Acquaintances of St. Pauli
Street Acquaintances of St. Pauli (German: Straßenbekanntschaften auf St. Pauli) is a 1968 West German crime drama film directed by Werner Klingler and starring Günther Stoll, Rainer Brandt and Dagmar Lassander.

It was shot at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg and on location around St. Pauli.

St. Pauli
St. Pauli (German pronunciation: [ˌzaŋkt ˈpaʊli] ⓘ; sometimes spelled in full as Sankt Pauli) is a quarter of the city of Hamburg belonging to the centrally located Hamburg-Mitte borough. Situated on the right bank of the Elbe river, the nearby Landungsbrücken is a northern part of the port of Hamburg. St. Pauli contains a world-famous red-light district around the iconic Reeperbahn area. As of 2020 the area had 21,902 residents.
Premiership of Jack McConnell
Jack McConnell's term as First Minister of Scotland began on 22 November 2001 when he was formally sworn into office at the Court of Session. It followed the resignation of Henry McLeish over the Officegate scandal. His term ended on 16 May 2007, following the defeat of the Scottish Labour Party in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, where the Scottish National Party formed a minority government.

McConnell entered office amid the aftermath of the Scottish Parliament's first political scandal and suffered fierce opposition from the Leader of the Opposition and other Opposition Shadow Cabinets of the Scottish Parliament.

Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie
Michael Goodall Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie (born 1 May 1949), is a British Labour Party politician. He has served in two legislatures in the United Kingdom and served as Minister for Culture and Sport in the Scottish Executive Cabinet, and is a convicted criminal.

Watson was expelled from his party on 22 September 2005 following his conviction and imprisonment for fire-raising at Prestonfield House, but was re-admitted to the Labour Party in July 2012. He currently sits as a Labour member of the House of Lords  and is an Associate Director of the Edinburgh public affairs and communications company Caledonia Consulting.

On 18 September 2015, the new Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn appointed Watson as Education spokesman in the House of Lords.