hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criminal justice reform
Criminal justice reform is the reform of criminal justice systems. 
Stated reasons for criminal justice reform include reducing crime statistics, racial profiling, police brutality, overcriminalization, mass incarceration, under-reporting, and recidivism or improving Victims' rights, Prisoners' rights and crime prevention. Criminal justice reform can take place at any point where the criminal justice system intervenes in citizens’ lives, including lawmaking, policing, and sentencing.

Under-reporting
Under-reporting usually refers to some issue, incident, statistic, etc., that individuals, responsible agencies, or news media have not reported, or have reported as less than the actual level or amount. Under-reporting of crimes, for example, makes it hard to figure the actual incidence of crimes.

Under-reporting is a failure in data reporting.
Jarrett Culver
Jarrett Ryan Culver (born February 20, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Sendai 89ers of the B.League. He played college basketball for the Texas Tech Red Raiders, and was drafted by the Phoenix Suns with the sixth overall selection of the 2019 NBA draft.

West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball
The West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represents West Virginia University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference. WVU has won 13 conference tournament championships, and has 31 appearances in the NCAA tournament, including two Final Fours, most recently in 2010. The Mountaineers have also appeared in 16 National Invitation Tournaments (NIT), and have won the tournament twice, in 1942 and 2007. The 1942 NIT Championship is claimed by West Virginia as a National Championship.

WVU plays their home games at the Hope Coliseum, their home venue since 1970.
The Sixteenth Sheep
The Sixteenth Sheep, also known as The Sixteenth Lamb (Hebrew: הכבש השישה עשר, romanized: HaKeves HaShisha Asar) is a 1978 Israeli children's book written by Yehonatan Geffen, and later adapted into an album by Geffen that featured collaborations with Yoni Rechter, Yehudit Ravitz, David Broza, and Gidi Gov.

Conceived from a suggestion from the executives of Devir, The Sixteenth Sheep was published  in the summer of 1978. It was commercially unsuccessful despite  positive reviews. In collaboration with Dudu Elharar, it was turned into a music album and released on November 22, 1978.  Since then, there have been several adaptations, including a stage performance at the Cameri Theatre in 1991, and most recently, an ongoing cast reunion in 2025.

It is frequently ranked as one of the greatest albums in the history of Israeli music. Geffen and Rechter were also awarded the ACUM Levin Kipnis award for extraordinary children's creative works in 2014 for their work on the album

Shem Tov Levi
Shem Tov Levi (Hebrew: שם טוב לוי; born 4 February 1950) is an Israeli singer, pianist, flautist, composer and producer. He is one of the most influential musicians in the music culture of Israel.

During his long career, Levy has released solo albums, alongside working with many musicians, including Arik Einstein, Esther Ofarim, Yehudit Ravitz, Rivka Zohar, Arik Sinai, Yitzhak Klepter, Gidi Gov, Ofra Haza, Dikla, Shlomo Gronich.
Chamberlain, Maine
Chamberlain is an unincorporated village in the town of Bristol, Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The community is located along Maine State Route 32, 12.1 miles (19.5 km) southeast of Wiscasset. Chamberlain has a post office, with ZIP code 04541, which opened on September 30, 1905.

Wiscasset, Maine
Wiscasset is a town in and the seat of Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The municipality is located in the state of Maine's Mid Coast region. The population was 3,742 as of the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Home to the Chewonki Foundation, Wiscasset is a tourist destination noted for early architecture and as the location of Red's Eats restaurant.
L-371,257
L-371,257 is a compound used in scientific research which acts as a selective antagonist of the oxytocin receptor with over 800x selectivity over the related vasopressin receptors. It was one of the first non-peptide oxytocin antagonists developed, and has good oral bioavailability, but poor penetration of the blood–brain barrier, which gives it good peripheral selectivity with few central side effects. Potential applications are likely to be in the treatment of premature labour.

Vasopressin receptor
The actions of vasopressin are mediated by stimulation of tissue-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called vasopressin receptors that are classified into the V1 (V1A), V2, and V3 (V1B) receptor subtypes. These three subtypes differ in localization, function and signal transduction mechanisms.
Savery
Savery is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Constance Savery (1897-1999), English author

George Mearns Savery (1850–1905), English educator, founder of Harrogate Ladies' College, and one of the pioneers of women's education

Gil Savery (1917-2018), American journalist

Henry Savery (1791–1842), Australian novelist

Jan Savery (1589–1654), Flemish painter

Joe Savery (born 1985), baseball pitcher

Nigel Savery (21st century), geneticist

Roelant Savery (1576–1639), Flanders-born Dutch baroque painter

Thomas Savery (circa 1650–1715), English inventor

Uffe Savery (born 1966), Danish percussionist

Nigel Savery
Nigel Savery is a Professor of Molecular Biology and Head of the School of Biochemistry at the University of Bristol.

During his time researching and lecturing at the University of Bristol, Savery has made significant contributions to the field of transcription and DNA-damage recognition and repair.

Savery's group have made advances in the study of the E. coli protein MFD, which is a transcription-repair coupling factor involved in the repair of damaged DNA.
The Golden Man
"The Golden Man" is an 11,600-word science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was received by the Scott Meredith Literary Agency on June 24, 1953, and first published in the April 1954 issue of If magazine. The story was illustrated by Kelly Freas in its original publication. The story is set in a post-apocalyptic future where the existence of potentially powerful mutants has become a reality. The mutants are seen as dangerous and have been hunted to death by human beings for years. A golden-skinned mutant called Cris is captured by the government, which attempts to execute him. However, his appearance and abilities to see into the future allow him to escape.

Precognition
Precognition (from the Latin prae- 'before', and cognitio 'acquiring knowledge') is the purported psychic phenomenon of seeing, or otherwise becoming directly aware of, events in the future.

There is no accepted scientific evidence that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot occur before its cause.

Precognition has been widely believed in throughout history. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, many people believe it to be real; it is still widely reported and remains a topic of research and discussion within the parapsychology community.
Agustin Murillo
Agustín Murillo Pineda (born May 5, 1982) is a Mexican professional baseball infielder for the Dorados de Chihuahua of the Mexican League. He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles.

Sultanes de Monterrey
The Sultanes de Monterrey (English: Monterrey Sultans) are a professional baseball club in the Mexican League (LMB) based in Monterrey, Mexico. Established in 1939 as Carta Blanca, the Sultanes have won ten LMB titles, most recently in 2018. From 2019 to 2025, the club also fielded a team in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP), which plays a winter league schedule; they were the easternmost team to participate in the LMP.
Pete Chapman
Pete Chapman (1949 or 1950 – January 13, 2003) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Yankton College in Yankton, South Dakota from 1981 and 1982 and Wayne State College in Wayne, Nebraska from 1983 to 1988, compiling a career college football coaching record of 28–54–1. Chapman was the athletic director at Wayne State from 1987 to 1999 and Missouri Western State University from 1999 to 2003.

Chapman died of cancer on January 13, 2003.

Yankton College
Yankton College was a private liberal arts college in Yankton, South Dakota, United States, affiliated with the Congregational Christian Churches (later the United Church of Christ). Yankton College produced nine Rhodes Scholars, more than any other South Dakota higher education institution, and a United States Senator. According to the following list published by the Rhodes Trust, Yankton College produced more Rhodes Scholars per capita than most large universities in the U.S.
Desmazeria
Desmazeria is a genus of Mediterranean plants in the grass family, related to Catapodium.

The genus is named for John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières, (1796-1862) a French merchant, amateur botanist, and editor of scientific journals.

Species

Desmazeria lorentii H.Scholz - Tunisia, Libya

Desmazeria philistaea (Boiss.) H.Scholz  - Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria

Desmazeria pignattii Brullo & Pavone - Sicily

Desmazeria sicula (Jacq.) Dumort. - Sicily, Sardinia, Calabria, Spain, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia

formerly included

see Castellia Catapodium Cutandia Halopyrum Sclerochloa Tribolium Wangenheimia

Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières
Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières (10 July 1786 in Lille – 23 June 1862 in Lambersart) was a merchant of Lille and an amateur mycologist. He was the editor of the scientific journals "Annales des sciences naturelles" and the "Bulletin de la société des sciences de Lille".

He was creator of the exsiccatae series "Plantes cryptogames du Nord de la France" (1825–1851) and "Plantes cryptogames de France" (1853–1861). In 1827 he published a treatise on the genus Mycoderma, titled "Recherches microscopiques et physiologiques sur le genre Mycoderma".

He was the binomial author of the fungi species Agaricus radians  and Aspergillus clavatus.
Gunn & Moore
Gunn & Moore (GM) is a British sports equipment and clothing company founded in 1885 based in Colwick, Nottinghamshire, England that specialises in cricket. It became part of the Unicorn Group in 1968.

The company produces cricket clothing and equipment such as bats, balls, helmet, batting gloves, protective gear, athletic shoes, and bags.

Colwick
Colwick (/ˈkɒlɪk/ KOL-ik) is a village and civil parish, in the Borough of Gedling of Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated to the east of Nottingham's city boundary, and forms the Colwick ward. At the time of the 2011 census, the village had a population of 2,829, falling to 2,778 at the 2021 census.
Assembloid
An assembloid is an in vitro model that combines two or more organoids, spheroids, or cultured cell types to recapitulate structural and functional properties of an organ. They are typically derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Assembloids have been used to study cell migration, neural circuit assembly, neuro-immune interactions, metastasis, and other complex tissue processes. The method for fusing organoids was a simultaneous discovery in 2017 by three labs. The term assembloid was later coined to standardize terminology.

Neural circuit
A neural circuit is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated. Multiple neural circuits interconnect with one another to form large scale brain networks.

Neural circuits have inspired the design of artificial neural networks, though there are significant differences.
2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.269) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM + NAD+  2-oxopropyl-CoM + NADH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 2-oxopropyl-CoM, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-[2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio]ethanesulfonate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called 2-(2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Vayda-Guba
Vayda-Guba (Russian: Вайда-Губа, Finnish: Vaitolahti, Norwegian: Vajda-Guba) is a rural locality (an inhabited locality) in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle on the Rybachy Peninsula at a height of 15 meters (49 ft) above sea level. Population: 94 (2010 Census).

Pechengsky District
Pechengsky District (Russian: Пе́ченгский райо́н; Finnish: Petsamo; Norwegian: Peisen; Northern Sami: Beahcán; Skolt Sami: Peäccam) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Pechengsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the oblast, on the coast of the Barents Sea (by the Rybachy Peninsula, which is a part of the district) and borders Finland in the south and southwest and Norway in the west, northwest, and north. The area of the district is 8,662.22 square kilometers (3,344.50 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Nikel. Its population was  38,920 (2010 census); 46,404 (2002 census); 59,495 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nikel accounts for 32.8% of the district's total population.
2008 Open Sabadell Atlántico Barcelona – Doubles
Andrei Pavel and Alexander Waske were the defending champions, but chose not to participate that year.

Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan won in the final 6–3, 6–2, against Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski.

Marcin Matkowski
Marcin Matkowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmartɕin matˈkɔfskʲi]; born 15 January 1981) is a Polish former professional tennis player whose speciality is in doubles. He played college tennis at UCLA, where Jean-Julien Rojer was one of his teammates. Matkowski and Mariusz Fyrstenberg won the Madrid Open twice, in addition to reaching the final at the US Open. The duo also reached the final of the ATP Finals and participated six times at the event overall. Matkowski won 18 doubles title in his career and achieved a highest ranking in doubles of world No. 7 in July 2012.
Bunya, Namibia
Bunya is a settlement in the north of Namibia. It is situated 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Rundu and belongs to the Kapako Constituency.

Major employers in the village include a Catholic mission and a hospital, while other residents derive their income from farming. The village school, Bunya Combined School, provides places for children in grades one to ten. A bakery supplies bread; other produce is bought from larger nearby towns.

Rundu
Rundu is the capital and the largest city of the Kavango-East Region in northern Namibia. It lies on the border with Angola on the banks of the Kavango River, about 1,000 metres (3,300 feet) above sea level. Rundu's population is growing rapidly. The 2001 census counted 36,964 inhabitants; and for the 2011 census it climbed to 63,430.
Atiak massacre
The Atiak massacre occurred on April 20, 1995, when a group of estimated 300 Lord's Resistance Army soldiers led by Vincent Otti entered the northern Ugandan town of Atiak, Amuru District. After routing the UPDF and rounding up hundreds of civilians, the LRA announced, "you Acholi have refused to support us. We shall now teach you a lesson." The LRA then handpicked young boys and young girls from the rest, in order to conscript into their ranks and to use as sex slaves, and marched them into the bush. Most of the remaining 200–300 captives were executed by gunfire.

The massacre scuppered the diplomatic relations between the governments of Uganda and Sudan, the LRA's primary sponsor. At the time the two had been in peace talks in Tripoli. Within days of Atiak, Uganda accused Sudan of an aerial bombardment within Uganda and broke off diplomatic relations entirely.

Uganda People's Defence Force
The Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF), previously known as the National Resistance Army (NRA), is the armed forces of Uganda. From 2007 to 2011, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated the UPDF had a total strength of 40,000–45,000, consisting of land forces and an air wing. Recruitment to the forces is done annually.

After Uganda achieved independence in October 1962, British officers retained most high-level military commands. Ugandans in the rank and file claimed this policy blocked promotions and kept their salaries disproportionately low. These complaints eventually destabilized the armed forces, already weakened by ethnic divisions. Each post-independence regime expanded the size of the army, usually by recruiting from among people of one region or ethnic group, and each government employed military force to subdue political unrest.
High Adventure bases of Scouting America
High adventure bases are outdoor recreation facilities owned and operated at the national level by Scouting America. There are four bases, with each offering training and wilderness programs such as canoeing, backpacking and sailing.

The four high adventure bases are located at Philmont Scout Ranch (New Mexico), Sea Base (Florida Keys, U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Bahamas), Northern Tier (Minnesota, Manitoba, and Ontario), and Summit Bechtel Reserve (West Virginia).

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Neil Inall
Neil James Inall OAM (23 August 1933 – 6 September 2024) was an Australian journalist, television presenter and agronomist.

Inall is perhaps best known for hosting ABC TV's national rural affairs program Countrywide from 1979 until 1983.

Western Sydney University
Western Sydney University, formerly the University of Western Sydney, is an Australian multi-campus public research university in the Greater Western region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The university in its current form was founded in 1989 as a federated network university with an amalgamation between the Nepean College of Advanced Education and the Hawkesbury Agricultural College. The Macarthur Institute of Higher Education was incorporated in the university in 1989. In 2001, the University of Western Sydney was restructured as a single multi-campus university rather than as a federation. In 2015, the university underwent a rebranding which resulted in a change in name from the University of Western Sydney to Western Sydney University. It is a provider of undergraduate, postgraduate, and higher research degrees with campuses in Bankstown, Blacktown, Campbelltown, Hawkesbury, Liverpool, Parramatta, Penrith, and Surabaya.
Iru Uma
Iru Uma (Aymara iru spiny Peruvian feather grass, uma water, 'feather grass water', Hispanicized spelling Irohuma, Irouma) is a  5,055-metre-high (16,585 ft) mountain in the Andes of southern Peru. It is situated in the Moquegua Region, Mariscal Nieto Province, Carumas District, and in the Tacna Region, Candarave Province, Candarave District. Iru Uma lies southeast of Wisk'acha Lake and southwest of the mountain Wisk'acha.

Department of Moquegua
Moquegua (Spanish pronunciation: [moˈkeɣwa] ⓘ; Mukiwa (Aymara); Muqiwa (Quechua)) is a department of Peru. It is located in the country's south, extending from the coast to its highlands. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Moquegua, which is among the main Peruvian cities for its high rates of GDP and national education.
UEFA Futsal Euro 2026 bidding process
The UEFA Futsal Euro 2026 bidding process entails the bids for the UEFA Futsal Euro 2026. The hosting rights were given to Latvia and Lithuania on 2 December 2023,  with Slovenia added later on to accommodate Belarus.

2021–22 UEFA Futsal Champions League
The 2021–22 UEFA Futsal Champions League was the 36th edition of Europe's premier club futsal tournament, and the 21st edition organized by UEFA. It was also the fourth edition since the tournament was rebranded from "UEFA Futsal Cup" to UEFA Futsal Champions League.

Sporting CP, the title holders, entered in the main round. They lost 4–0 in the final against Barcelona, who won their fourth title.
William P. Ginther
William Peter Ginther (FAIA) (March 21, 1858 – January 15, 1933) was an American architect based in Akron, Ohio. He was a prolific designer of Roman Catholic churches, schools and rectories throughout Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, California, Virginia and New York.

Fellow of the American Institute of Architects
Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) is a postnominal title or membership, designating an individual who has been named a fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).

Fellowship is bestowed by the institute on AIA-member architects who have made outstanding contributions to the profession through design excellence, contributions in the field of architectural education, or to the advancement of the profession. In 2014, fewer than 3,200 of the more than 80,000 AIA members were fellows. Honorary Fellowship (Hon. FAIA) is awarded to foreign (non-U.S. citizen) architects, and to non-architects who have made substantial contributions to the field of architecture or to the institute.
Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome
Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS) is a rare genetic condition caused by de novo missense mutations in the SMARCA2 gene and has only been reported in fewer than 330 cases worldwide. NCBRS is a distinct condition and well recognizable once the symptoms have been identified.

The differential includes Coffin–Siris syndrome.

Missense mutation
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutations change amino acids, which in turn alter proteins and may alter a protein's function or structure. These mutations may arise spontaneously from mutagens like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, an error in DNA replication, and other factors. Screening for missense mutations can be done by sequencing the genome of an organism and comparing the sequence to a reference genome to analyze for differences. Missense mutations can be repaired by the cell when there are errors in DNA replication by using mechanisms such as DNA proofreading and mismatch repair. They can also be repaired by using genetic engineering technologies or pharmaceuticals. Some notable examples of human diseases caused by missense mutations are Rett syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle-cell disease.