hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Königsberg
The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II.  In four days of urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg, present day Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city.  Heavy fighting took place for control of overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line in the eastern front. The battle ended when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.

Baltiysk
Baltiysk (/bɔːlˈtiːsk/ bawl-TEESK) is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay. It had a population of 33,946 (2021 census); 32,697 (2010 census); 33,252 (2002 census); 27,070 (1989 Soviet census).

Baltiysk, the westernmost town in Russia, is a major base of the Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet and is connected to St. Petersburg by ferry.
Feroxyhyte
Feroxyhyte is an oxide/hydroxide of iron, δ-Fe3+O(OH). Feroxyhyte crystallizes in the hexagonal system. Feroxyhyte forms as brown, rounded to concretionary masses. Feroxyhyte is an opaque, magnetic mineral with a yellow streak and a relative density of 4.2.

It occurs in manganese-iron nodules on the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean floors. It is also found in the Baltic, White, and Kara Seas. Forms under high pressure conditions and reverts to goethite on exposure to surface conditions. It also occurs as cement and coatings on clasts in poorly drained soils and sediments, formed by the rapid oxidation of iron(II) oxide compounds.

It was first described in 1976 for an occurrence in soils at its type locality: Kolomyya, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine.

Kolomyia
Kolomyia (Ukrainian: Коломия, IPA: [koloˈmɪjɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Kołomyja), formerly known as Kolomea, is a city located on the Prut River in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in the west of Ukraine. It serves as the administrative centre of Kolomyia Raion, hosting the administration of Kolomyia urban hromada. The population is 60,821 (2022 estimate).

The city rests approximately halfway between Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi, in the centre of the historical region of Pokuttia, with which it shares much of its history. Kolomyia is a notable railroad hub, as well as an industrial centre (textiles, shoes, metallurgical plant, machine works, wood and paper industry). It is a centre of Hutsul culture. Until 1925 the town was the most populous town in the region. Before the Holocaust about half the town’s population was Jewish.
Wellow (Somerset) railway station
Wellow railway station was a station on the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway at Wellow in the county of Somerset in England. Opened on 20 July 1874, the station consisted of two platforms, a goods yard and sidings, controlled from an 18 lever signal box.

The station closed to goods in 1963: passenger services were withdrawn when the SDJR closed on 7 March 1966.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
Albert Zenophile Aubin
Albert Zénophile Aubin (July 6, 1891 – March 20, 1957) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Sturgeon Falls in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1929 to 1934 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Cumber, Ontario, the son of Azaire Adulphe Aubin, and educated in Rigaud, Quebec and at Osgoode Hall. He married Jeannette Bourdon. Aubin lived in Sturgeon Falls. He died at Riverside County, California in 1957.

Osgoode Hall
Osgoode Hall is a landmark building in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The original 2+1⁄2-storey building was started in 1829 and finished in 1832 from a design by John Ewart and William Warren Baldwin. The structure is named for William Osgoode, the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada (now the province of Ontario).

It originally served to house the regulatory body for lawyers in Ontario along with its law school, formally established as Osgoode Hall Law School in 1889, which was the only recognized professional law school for the province at the time. The original building was constructed between 1829 and 1832 in the late Georgian Palladian and Neoclassical styles. It currently houses the Ontario Court of Appeal, the Divisional Court of the Superior Court of Justice, the offices of the Law Society of Ontario and the Great Library of the Law Society.
Ganaraska Region
Ganaraska Region is a region located in Ontario, Canada, stretching along the shore of Lake Ontario for approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) wide. It contains watersheds, covering an area of 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) from Wilmot Creek in Clarington to eastside of Cobourg and from the southern shore of Rice Lake down to Lake Ontario. This expansive area includes seven municipalities in whole or in part: Township of Cavan Monaghan, Town of Cobourg, Township of Alnwick/Haldimand, Township of Hamilton, Municipality of Port Hope, City of Kawartha Lakes, Municipality of Clarington.

Port Hope, Ontario
Port Hope is a municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, about 109 km (68 mi) east of Toronto and 159 km (99 mi) west of Kingston. It is at the mouth of the Ganaraska River on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in the west end of Northumberland County. The private Trinity College School opened here in 1865.
1869 Hawick Burghs by-election
The 1869 Hawick Burghs by-election was held on 4 January 1869.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Liberal MP, George Otto Trevelyan, becoming Civil Lord of the Admiralty.  It was retained by Trevelyan who was unopposed.

Civil Lord of the Admiralty
The Civil Lord of the Admiralty formally known as the Office of the Civil Lord of Admiralty also referred to as the Department of the Civil Lord of the Admiralty was a member of the Board of Admiralty who was responsible for managing the Royal Navy's supporting civilian staff, the works and buildings departments and naval lands from 1830 to 1964.
Flavored fortified wine
Flavored fortified wine or tonic wine is inexpensive fortified wine that typically has an alcohol content between 13% and 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). They are made from various fruits (including grapes and citrus fruits) with added sugar, artificial flavor, and artificial color. These wines are referred to by a number of slang terms, including Sneaky Pete, Bum wine, Brown bag vino and Ghetto wine.

Constellation Brands
Constellation Brands, Inc. is an American producer and marketer of beer, wine, and spirits. A Fortune 500 company, Constellation is the largest beer import company in the US, measured by sales, and has the third-largest market share (7.4 percent) of all major beer suppliers. It also has sizable investments in medical and recreational cannabis through its association with Canopy Growth. Based in Rochester, New York, Constellation has about 40 facilities and approximately 9,000 employees.

The company has more than 27 brands in its portfolio. Wine brands include Robert Mondavi, Kim Crawford, Ruffino, and The Prisoner Wine Company. Constellation's beer portfolio includes imported brands such as rights in the United States to Corona, Modelo Especial, Negra Modelo, and Pacífico. Spirits brands include Casa Noble Tequila, High West Whiskey, and Nelson's Green Brier Tennessee Whiskey.
Mong Bridge
The Mong Bridge (Cầu Mống in Vietnamese, "Rainbow bridge") is a steel bridge across the Bến Nghé River, connecting District 1 and District 4 of Ho Chi Minh City. It is one of the oldest bridges in that city. Originally named Pont des Messageries maritimes, it was built in 1882 by Gustave Eiffel for the merchant shipping company Messageries maritimes, replacing a ferry route.  The bridge was completely removed in 2005 during the construction of the Saigon River Tunnel and afterwards rebuilt, turning it from a road bridge into a footbridge. In addition, the previous statue of An Duong Vuong holding a magic crossbow was also dismantled.

Bến Nghé Channel
Bến Nghé Channel or Bến Nghé Canal (Vietnamese: Kênh Bến Nghé, Rạch Bến Nghé), also known during the French colonial era as arroyo Chinois (Kênh người Tàu), is a waterway in Ho Chi Minh City. Very much an urban channel, the sides are said to be lined with "many grocery stores, rice processing factories, sawmills, oriental drugstores, and warehouses, all owned by the Chinese. They hatch[ed] eggs, salted fish and eggs, dried fruit ..."
Oidaematophorus mathewianus
Oidaematophorus mathewianus, the yarrow leaf plume moth or Mathew's plume moth, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in southern Canada and the western part of the United States, eastward in the north to Maine. It is not uncommon in eastern Canada. The larvae feed on Achillea millefolium.

Achillea millefolium
Achillea millefolium, commonly known as yarrow (/ˈjæroʊ/) or common yarrow, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Growing to 1 metre (3+1⁄3 feet) tall, it is characterized by small whitish flowers, a tall stem of fernlike leaves, and a pungent odor.

The plant is native to temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. It has been introduced as feed for livestock in New Zealand and Australia. It has some potential uses, including in traditional medicine.
Area codes 508 and 774
Area codes 508 and 774 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The numbering plan area comprises south-central and most of southeastern Massachusetts (LATA 128). It includes Worcester, Outer south and southwest Greater Boston (such as the MetroWest region), as well as Framingham, Foxborough, Brockton, Attleboro, Taunton, Fall River, New Bedford, Plymouth, Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket.

South Coast (Massachusetts)
The South Coast of Massachusetts (sometimes stylized SouthCoast) is the region of southeastern Massachusetts consisting of the southern part of Bristol and Plymouth counties, bordering Buzzards Bay, and includes the cities of Fall River, New Bedford, the southeastern tip of East Taunton and nearby towns. The Rhode Island towns of Tiverton and Little Compton, located in Newport County, are often included within the South Coast designation due to regional similarities with adjacent communities.

The term is recent, dating to the 1990s, and sometimes confused with the South Shore (a region southeast of Boston that includes eastern Norfolk and Plymouth counties, and does not overlap with the South Coast).
HMS Charlestown
Several ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Charlestown

HMS Charlestown, was USS Boston (1777), which the British captured on 12 May 1780. Charlestown struck to the French frigates Astrée and Hermione off Île Royale at the action of 21 July 1781, but they were unable to take possession of her. In November 1781, the ship fell in with the privateer Thorn. She remained in the Royal Navy until sold in 1783.

HMS Charlestown (I21), a Town-class destroyer received from the US Navy in 1940 and decommissioned in 1945.

USS Abbot (DD-184)
The first USS Abbot (DD-184) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy until traded to Britain at the beginning of World War II. She served in the Royal Navy as HMS Charlestown (I21), a Town-class destroyer.
Lesley Clark
Lesley Ann Clark (born 10 August 1948) is a former Australian politician. Born in Harwich in the United Kingdom, she was a school guidance officer and lecturer in education at James Cook University in Queensland before entering politics. She sat on Mulgrave Shire Council from 1985 to 1990. In 1989, she was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as the Labor member for Barron River. She was defeated in 1995, but re-elected in 1998. Clark retired in 2006.

James Cook University
James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cairns and Townsville, and one in the city state of Singapore. JCU also has study centres in Mount Isa, Mackay, Thursday Island and Rockhampton. A Brisbane campus delivers undergraduate and postgraduate courses to international students. The university's main fields of research include environmental sciences, biological sciences, mathematical sciences, earth sciences, agricultural and veterinary sciences, technology and medical and health sciences.
Hydroxyacetone
Hydroxyacetone, also known as acetol, is the organic chemical with the formula CH3C(O)CH2OH.  It consists of a primary alcohol substituent on acetone. It is an α-hydroxyketone, also called a ketol, and is the simplest hydroxy ketone structure.  It is a colorless, distillable liquid.

Primary alcohol
A primary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxy group is bonded to a primary carbon atom. It can also be defined as a molecule containing a "–CH2OH" group.
In contrast, a secondary alcohol has a formula "–CHROH" and a tertiary alcohol has a formula "–CR2OH", where "R" indicates a carbon-containing group.

Examples of primary alcohols include ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol.

Methanol is also generally regarded as a primary alcohol, including by the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
Arop House
The Arop House is a building in Von Brandis & Kerk Street, Johannesburg, South Africa. Construction commenced in 1931 and completed in 1932 by Hermann Kallenbach, a close friend of Mahatma Gandhi, along with his partners Kennedy and Furner. The building is characterized by balconies with steel balusterades and its name was inspired by a Soviet petroleum company with the same name As of 2014, the building is in a dilapidated state.

Hermann Kallenbach
Hermann Kallenbach (1 March 1871 – 25 March 1945) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish South African architect who was one of the foremost friends and associates of Mahatma Gandhi. Kallenbach was introduced to the young Mohandas Gandhi while they were both working in South Africa and, after a series of discussions, they developed a long-lasting association.
Monique Allen
Monique Marie Allen (born 10 November 1971) is an Australian retired Olympic gymnast.

Allen joined the Australian Institute of Sport before participating in the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, where she earned 9.875 points on the uneven bars, making her the first Australian female gymnast to receive a gold medal.

Australian Institute of Sport
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is a high performance sports training institution in Australia. The institute's 66-hectare (163-acre) headquarters were opened in 1981 and are situated in the northern suburb of Bruce, Canberra. The AIS is a division of the Australian Sports Commission (ASC).
William Price (Liverpool and District cricketer)
William Harry Price (born 4 December 1859) was an English cricketer who played two first-class matches for Liverpool and District in 1889. He was born in Ruddington, Nottinghamshire.

Both his games were at Aigburth in Liverpool. In the first, against Yorkshire, he made 26* and 1* and took 3-52 (including the wicket of George Ulyett) in an innings defeat. In the second, against Nottinghamshire, he made only 0 and 1 with the bat, but took 6–51 in the first innings and a further wicket in the second despite Nottinghamshire's nine-wicket victory.

Three of Price's relatives played first-class cricket: his father Walter appeared more than 30 times for a variety of teams, most notably Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and Nottinghamshire, while his brother Alfred played briefly for Lancashire and Nottinghamshire, and another brother (Frederick) had a solitary outing for North of England.

Aigburth
Aigburth (/ˈɛɡbərθ/ ⓘ) is a suburb of Liverpool, England. Located to the south of the city, it is bordered by Toxteth and Dingle to the north, Mossley Hill to the east, and Garston to the south, with the River Mersey forming its western boundary.
L: Change the World
L: Change the World (stylized as L: change the WorLd) is a 2008 Japanese thriller film and a spin-off to the Death Note film series. Although the film is inspired by the manga Death Note that was written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata, it follows an original storyline. It is set during the events of Death Note 2: The Last Name.

The film is directed by Hideo Nakata, and it stars actor Kenichi Matsuyama as the character L Lawliet. Furthermore, child actor Narushi Fukuda stars as Nate "Near" River, while child actress Mayuko Fukuda plays the role of Maki Nikaido, a character who does not appear in the original manga.

The film was first released in Hong Kong by Panasia Films on 7 February 2008. It was subsequently released in the Japanese box office on 9 February 2008.  Additionally, two different versions of the film were shown in the United States on 29 and 30 April 2009 respectively.

Takeshi Obata
Takeshi Obata (小畑 健, Obata Takeshi; born February 11, 1969) is a Japanese manga artist that usually works as the illustrator in collaboration with a writer. He first gained international attention for Hikaru no Go (1999–2003) with Yumi Hotta, but is better known for Death Note (2003–2006) and Bakuman (2008–2012) with Tsugumi Ohba. Obata has mentored several well-known manga artists, including Nobuhiro Watsuki of Rurouni Kenshin fame, Black Cat creator Kentaro Yabuki, and Eyeshield 21 artist Yusuke Murata.
HMS Nautilus
Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Nautilus, after the Greek word for a sailor, including:

HMS Nautilus (1762) was a 16-gun sloop launched in 1762 and put up for sale in 1780

HMS Nautilus (1784) was a 16-gun sloop launched in 1784 and wrecked in 1799. All 125 men of her crew were saved.

HMS Nautilus (1804) was an 18-gun sloop launched in 1804 and wrecked in 1807.

HMS Nautilus (1807) was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop launched in 1807 and broken up in 1823

HMS Nautilus (1830) was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1830. She became a training ship in 1852, was hulked in 1872 and broken up in 1878

HMS Nautilus (1879) was an 8-gun training brig launched in 1879 and sold in 1905

HMS Nautilus (1910) was a Beagle-class destroyer launched in 1910. She was renamed HMS Grampus in 1913 and was sold in 1920

HMS Nautilus (1914) was a submarine launched in 1914. She was renamed HMS N1 in 1918 and was sold in 1922

HMS Nautilus (1914)
HMS Nautilus was a Royal Navy submarine. She was the largest submarine built for the Royal Navy at the time. She was also the first to be given a name.

Nautilus was designed in response to recommendations for an overseas submarine displacing 1,000 tons and capable of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). The resulting design changed from the saddle tanks common at the time to a double hull.

The order was given to Vickers in 1912 and her keel was laid down in March 1913. Although launched in 1914 it took until 1917 to complete the vessel. Nautilus spent most of her life with the 1st Submarine Flotilla at Portsmouth as a depot ship and later as a battery charging vessel. She was renamed N1 in June 1917.

Following decommissioning she was sold for scrap to John Cashmore Ltd on 9 June 1922 and broken up at their yard at Newport, Wales.
Coleman Mellett
Coleman Mellett (May 27, 1974 – February 12, 2009) was an American jazz guitarist in Chuck Mangione's band. He had been scheduled to play with Mangione and the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra on February 13, 2009, but was killed the night before in the crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407 with band member Gerry Niewood.

Mellett lived in East Brunswick Township, New Jersey, with his wife, jazz singer Jeanie Bryson, daughter of Dizzy Gillespie.

Mellett joined Mangione's band in 1999.

A documentary about the artist won Best Documentary Film at the 2019 New Jersey International Film Festival.

Rutgers Film Co-op/New Jersey Media Arts Center
The Rutgers Film Co-op/New Jersey Media Arts Center is a film society established in 1982 and based at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey.

The Rutgers Film Co-op/NJMAC presents year-round programming, including two festivals, which screen classic, independent, international, and experimental films and videos and often include discussions with filmmakers, performers, screenwriters and production crews.

Festivals are organised in conjunction with the Cinema Studies program at Rutgers. Events have taken place at College Avenue Campus at the Voorhees Hall, Scott Hall, Zimmerli Art Museum, as well as the State Theatre and Crossroads Theatre.
Agritopia
Agritopia is a 166-acre (67 ha) planned community in Gilbert, Maricopa County, Arizona. It is a mixed use community, designed with the intent of encouraging agrarianism and fostering community bonds in a mixed-income, mixed-density setting. It is a multi-zoned agrihood community with a USDA-certified organic farm and commercial spaces.

Located off of Arizona Loop 202, the development consists of several hundred single-family units alongside an assisted living facility, school, commercial spaces, and a functioning urban farm sustained by the community's members. The farm maintains a limited compilation of small-stock animals, an orchard, and a variety of different field crops.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
Assyrians in the Netherlands
Assyrians in the Netherlands (Dutch: Assyriërs in Nederland) are Dutch citizens of Assyrian. They mainly live in the east of the country, in the province of Overijssel, in such cities as Enschede, Hengelo, Rijssen, Almelo and Borne. The main reason that the Assyrians are concentrated there is because it is an industrial area which lies at the Germany–Netherlands border, where a large German Assyrian population resides. Many Assyrians in the Netherlands have relatives in Germany.

Borne, Overijssel
Borne (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɔrnə] ⓘ; Tweants: Boorn) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands, in the region of Twente. Its inhabitants also have the nickname Melbuul (flour bag in Twentsch).