hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Irby, Merseyside
Irby (locally /ˈɜːrbi/) is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, in Merseyside, England. The village covers an area of 20 square kilometres. To the north of Irby lies the associated hamlet of Irby Hill. It is part of the Greasby, Frankby and Irby Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and is within the parliamentary constituency of Wirral West.

According to the 2001 census, Irby had a population of 6,110, By the time of the 2011 census a separate statistic for Irby was no longer maintained. However, the total population of Greasby, Frankby and Irby Ward was 13,991.

Arrowe Country Park
Arrowe Country Park is a country park in Arrowe Park, Wirral, England, adjacent to the Woodchurch housing estate. The estate upon which the park lies was founded and shaped by John Shaw, a former Mayor of Liverpool who made his wealth from the slave trade. When he died the estate passed to his great nephew John "Ralph" Shaw, who built Arrowe Hall, an Elizabethan-style mansion, and laid out the grounds and gardens. Ralph Shaw was a magistrate who dissuaded people from trespassing on his land with traps including spring-loaded shotguns.

In 1926 the estate was bought by the Birkenhead Corporation who turned it over to public recreation. The park's facilities include nature walks, meadows, a lake, an eighteen hole golf course and it is a Site of Biological Interest.
Ar-Ramtha
Ar-Ramtha (Arabic: الرَّمثا, romanized: ar-Ramṯā), colloquially transliterated as Ar-Romtha (Arabic: الرُّمثا, romanized: ar-Rumṯā), is a city situated in the far northwest of Jordan near the border with Syria. It covers 40 km2 on a plain 30 km northeast of the Jordan River and Irbid. In 2017, Ar-Ramtha had a population of approximately 164,211, making it the eleventh largest city in Jordan, and the second in Irbid Governorate, and the city has grown since then. It is part of the Ar-Ramtha district  of the Irbid Governorate.

Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (Arabic: نهر الشريعة), is a 251-kilometre-long (156 mi) endorheic river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and drains to the Dead Sea. The river passes by or through Jordan, Syria, Israel, and Palestine.

Jordan and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights border the river to the east, while Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank derive their names in relation to the river. The river holds major significance in Judaism and Christianity. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed it into the Promised Land and Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist in it.
Andrzej Grzegorczyk
Andrzej Grzegorczyk ([ˈandʐɛj ɡʐɛˈɡɔrt͡ʂɨk]; 22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher and ethicist. He was noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics.

Springer Nature
Springer Nature is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education.
Princess Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach (12 August 1676 – 13 March 1731) was the daughter of Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1654–1686) and his first wife, Margravine Johanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach (1651–1680).  She was a paternal half-sister of Queen Caroline of Great Britain, the wife of King George II.

On 20 (or 30) August 1699, Dorothea Friederike married Count Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg.  She was the last Countess of Hanau.  The marriage produced one daughter: Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna (1700–1726).  Charlotte was the sole heiress of the county of Hanau and married on 5 April 1717 Crown Prince Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768).

Friederike Dorothea died on 13 March 1731 and was buried on 17 or 25 March 1731 in the family vault of the Hanau counts in the St. John's Church (Hanau) (currently known as Old St. John's Church) in Hanau. The tomb was largely destroyed in the bombing of the Second World War.

Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis VIII (German: Ludwig; 5 April 1691 – 17 October 1768) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1739 to 1768.  He was the son of Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
Levain Bakery
Levain Bakery, pronounced as (luh-ven), is a retail bakery that opened in 1995 and is located at 167 West 74th Street, on the Upper West Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. In June 2000 a second retail location was opened for seasonal business at 354 Montauk Highway, Wainscott, in the Hamptons area of eastern Long Island. A third store is located in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. In 2017, a fourth store was opened near the original location on the Upper West Side, and since then three more locations have opened on the Upper East Side and in NoHo and Williamsburg. In 2020, Levain opened their first store outside of New York, in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. In 2023, Levain opened a location in the Larchmont area of Los Angeles.  As of June 2024, there are seventeen locations: nine in the New York City area, two each in Chicago, Washington DC, and Boston, and one each in Los Angeles and Philadelphia.

Wainscott, New York
Wainscott is a hamlet in the Town of East Hampton in Suffolk County, New York, United States,  on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP population was 650. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau defined a census-designated place (CDP) for the 2000 census that roughly corresponds to the same area.
Alan Green (admiral)
Rear Admiral Alan Green MMM (born 19 December 1952) is a retired South African Navy officer who served as Chief: Military Policy, Strategy and Planning for the South African National Defence Force from 1 Nov 2011. He retired in Dec 2012.

South African National Defence Force
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of the Defence Department.

The military as it exists today was created in 1994, following South Africa's first nonracial election in April of that year and the adoption of a new constitution. It replaced the South African Defence Force and also integrated uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) guerilla forces.
Fredericksburg, Pennsylvania
Fredericksburg is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Fredericksburg, Blair County, Pennsylvania

Fredericksburg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania

Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania

Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
Fredericksburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Bethel Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,784 at the 2020 census, up from 1,357 at the 2010 census and 987 at the 2000 census.
Kathleen Casey
Kathleen Marie Casey (born 13 November 1961) is a Canadian politician. Casey was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island in the 2007 provincial election, and represented the electoral district of Charlottetown-Lewis Point as a member of the Liberal Party until retiring at the 2019 Prince Edward Island general election.  She served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 2007 to 2011.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
Allen v. United States
Allen v. United States, 164 U.S. 492 (1896), was a United States Supreme Court case that, among other things, approved the use of a jury instruction intended to prevent a hung jury by encouraging jurors in the minority to reconsider. The Court affirmed Alexander Allen's murder conviction, having vacated his two prior convictions for the same crime.

Such an instruction became known as an Allen charge and is given when, after deliberation, a jury reports that it is deadlocked and unable to decide on a verdict. Because it is used to dislodge jurors from entrenched positions, the Allen charge is sometimes referred to as the "dynamite charge" or the "hammer charge."

Allen is based upon the Supreme Court's supervisory power over the federal courts. Thus, it is not binding on state courts. Approximately half of US states prohibit Allen charges on state law grounds.

Jury instructions
Jury instructions, also known as charges or directions, are a set of legal guidelines given by a judge to a jury in a court of law. They are an important procedural step in a trial by jury, and as such are a cornerstone of criminal process in many common law countries.

The purpose of instructions are to inform the jury about the legal principles and standards that they must apply in order to reach a verdict. This ensures that criminal trials are fair and lawful. They are typically delivered after closing arguments, but sometimes may be delivered mid-trial if necessary. Jury instructions are distinct from a directed verdict, when the judge orders the jury to deliver a particular verdict.

In some cases, the instructions given by a judge to the jury are incorrect, which may (depending on the issue) result in a mistrial.
Yamaleela
Yamaleela (transl. 'Yama's divine play') is a 1994 Indian Telugu-language fantasy comedy film written, directed, and composed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. It stars comedian Ali in his debut as a lead actor, alongside Indraja, Satyanarayana, Manju Bhargavi, Bramhanandam, and Tanikella Bharani. The film was a major box office success.

The film was remade in Hindi as Taqdeerwala (1995) and in Tamil as Lucky Man (1995). A spiritual successor, Yamaleela 2, was released in 2014. Additionally, a sequel television series, Yamaleela Aa Taruvatha, aired from 2020 to 2022, continuing the events of the original film.

Ali (actor)
Mohammed Ali (born 10 October 1967), known professionally as Ali, is an Indian actor, comedian, and television presenter who works predominantly in Telugu films and television. He acted in more than 1000 films in Telugu. He is a recipient of two Nandi Awards and two Filmfare Awards South.
Panic Spring
Panic Spring is a novel by Lawrence Durrell, published in 1937 by Faber and Faber in Britain and Covici-Friede in the United States under the pseudonym Charles Norden. It is set on a fictional Greek Island, Mavrodaphne, in the Ionian Sea somewhere between Patras, Kephalonia, and Ithaca. The island, however, resembles Corfu strongly, and in at least one inscribed copy of the novel, Durrell includes a map of Corfu identified as Mavrodaphne.

The novel progresses through multiple perspectives in the successive chapters, each focusing on a different character. As a whole, the novel shows Durrell's myriad influences of this period, ranging from Remy de Gourmont to Richard Aldington, D. H. Lawrence, and several Elizabethan writers.

Faber & Faber
Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London. Published authors and poets include T. S. Eliot (an early Faber editor and director), W. H. Auden, C. S. Lewis, Margaret Storey, William Golding, Samuel Beckett, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Ted Hughes, Seamus Heaney, Paul Muldoon, Milan Kundera and Kazuo Ishiguro.

Founded in 1929, in 2006 the company was named the KPMG Publisher of the Year.

Faber and Faber Inc., formerly the American branch of the London company, was sold in 1998 to the Holtzbrinck company Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG). Faber and Faber ended the partnership with FSG in 2015 and began distributing its books directly in the United States.
Collabs Tape
Collabs Tape is an official mixtape by American rapper and producer Kool Keith. It was released on June 27, 2006 for Junkadelic Zikmu and was produced by Kool Keith and DJ Junkaz Lou. The entire CD consisted of collaborations Keith had done with other artists, including Analog Brothers, Born 2wice, Brainpower, Clayborne Family, Esham, Guru, Princess Superstar, Smut Peddlers, The Cenobites, The Diesel Truckers, The Prodigy, Tim Dog, Viktor Vaughn, and Ol' Dirty Bastard.

Esham
Esham Attica Smith (born September 20, 1973), known mononymously as Esham, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. Emerging as one of the first ever hip hop artists from Detroit, Esham released his debut studio album, Boomin' Words from Hell, in 1989 at the age of 16. Since then, he has gone on to release 21 full-length studio albums in total and is best known as a representative of the hip hop subgenre horrorcore. In 1992, he co-founded the horrorcore group Natas. He and his brother James Smith founded and ran the Detroit hip hop label Reel Life Productions.

As one of the first rappers to receive attention in the city, Esham was often cited as a major influence on another Detroit horrorcore act, Insane Clown Posse. Esham is known for incorporating elements of rock music in his beats, and his lyrics cover a number of subjects, including death, drug use, evil, paranoia and sex. Esham refers to his style of music as "acid rap".
Okoroji House Museum
The Okoroji House Museum or Okoroji House, (Igbo: Ulo Nta Okoroji, Ogbuti Okoroji), is a historic house and museum located in Ujari, a village in Arochukwu, Abia State, Eastern Nigeria. The house was declared a national monument in 1972 by the National Commission for Museums and Monuments.

National Commission for Museums and Monuments
The National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM), also referred to as National Museum of Nigeria was Founded in 1979 by the Federal Government of Nigeria with decree 77 of 1979 to be in charge of the collection, documentation, conservation and presentation of the National Cultural properties to the public for the purposes of Education, Enlightenment and Entertainment. The National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) was promulgated and replaced the National Activities Commissions in its activities. This decree recognized the National Commission for Museums and Monuments as a replacement for both the Federal Department of Antiquities of Nigeria and the Antiquities Commission. The decree has since been substituted in 1990 for the NCMM ACT, CAP 242 of the law of Federal Republic of Nigeria 1990.
Olympus E-1
The Olympus E-1, introduced in 2003, was the first DSLR system camera designed from the ground up for digital photography This contrasts with its contemporaries which offered systems based on reused parts from previous 135 film systems, modified to fit with a sensor size of APS-C.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
R. Eswaran
R. Eswaran is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly  from Vasudevanallur constituency, in the 1984, 1989, and 1991 elections as an Indian National Congress candidate. He then won the same seat in 1996 and 2001 as a Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) candidate. Before becoming an MLA he took charge as the President of Ramanathapuram Panchayat in Tirunelveli District.

1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The ninth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 21 January 1989. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won the election and its leader M. Karunanidhi became the Chief Minister. It was his third term in office. The DMK was in power only for a short term, as it was dismissed on 31 January 1991 by the Indian Prime minister Chandra Shekhar using Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.
Colonial Heights, Virginia
Colonial Heights is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,170. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Colonial Heights (along with the City of Petersburg) with Dinwiddie County for statistical purposes.

Colonial Heights is located in the Tri-Cities area of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).

Bureau of Economic Analysis
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics, most notably reports about the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and its jurisdictions.  They also provide information about personal income, corporate profits, and government spending in their National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs).

The BEA is one of the principal agencies of the U.S. federal statistical system. Its stated mission is to "promote a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing the most timely, relevant, and accurate economic data in an objective and cost-effective manner".

BEA has about 500 employees and an annual budget of approximately $101 million.
Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
The Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus (more properly called the Statuary group base of Domitius Ahenobarbus) is a series of four sculpted marble plaques that probably decorated a base supporting cult statues in the cella of a Temple of Neptune located in Rome on the Field of Mars.

The frieze is dated to the end of the second century BC, which makes it the second oldest Roman bas-relief currently known. However, there is also a contemporaneous relief depicting a Roman naval bireme with armed marines, from a temple of Palestrina built c. 120 BC.

The sculpted panels are still visible today, with one portion on display at the Louvre (Ma 975) and another at the Glyptothek in Munich (Inv. 239). A copy of this second piece can be seen at the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.

Pushkin Museum
The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: Государственный музей изобразительных искусств имени А. С. Пушкина, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy muzey izobrazitel'nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina, abbreviated as Russian: ГМИИ, GMII) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatoslav Richter's December Nights has been held in the Pushkin Museum since 1981.
Criquet Storch
The Criquet Storch (English: Stork) is a Colombian light-sport aircraft that was designed and produced by Criquet Aviation of Guaymaral Airport, Bogotá. The aircraft is a 75% scale replica of the German Second World War STOL liaison aircraft, the  Fieseler Fi 156 Storch, with the company named for the French post-war production model of the same aircraft, the Morane-Saulnier MS.505 Criquet.

Rotax 912
The Rotax 912 is a horizontally-opposed four-cylinder, naturally-aspirated, four-stroke aircraft engine with a  reduction gearbox. It features liquid-cooled cylinder heads and air-cooled cylinders. Originally equipped with carburetors, later versions are fuel injected. Dominating the market for small aircraft and kitplanes, Rotax produced its 50,000th 912-series engine in 2014.  Originally available only for light sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft, autogyros and drones, the 912-series engine was approved for certified aircraft in 1995.
Domhnall of Islay
Domhnall Mac Domhnaill (died 1318?), also known as Domhnall of Islay and Domhnall of the Isles, was a fourteenth-century Scottish nobleman. He appears to have been a member of Clann Domhnaill. First attested in the first decade of the fourteenth century, Domhnall appears to be last recorded in the second decade upon his death. Domhnall's attestations suggest that he was a claimant to the chiefship of Clann Domhnaill, and may have possessed the chiefship.

Canongate Books
Canongate Books (trading as Canongate) is an independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh, Scotland.

It is named after the Canongate area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prize winning novel Life of Pi (2001). Canongate was named the British Book Awards Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009.
NLab
The nLab is a wiki for research-level notes, expositions and collaborative work. It includes original research in mathematics, physics, and philosophy with a focus on methods from type theory, category theory, and homotopy theory. The nLab espouses the "n-point of view" (a deliberate pun on Wikipedia's "neutral point of view"), which is that type theory, homotopy theory, category theory, and higher category theory provide a useful, unifying viewpoint for mathematics, physics and philosophy.

The n in n-point of view could refer to either n-categories as found in higher category theory, n-groupoids as found in both homotopy theory and higher category theory, or n-types as found in homotopy type theory.

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
Juwel
The Juwel was a Belgian automobile manufactured from 1923 until 1927 in Waremme by Société des Automobiles Juwel.  Initial plans called for a mass-produced 1100 cc four cylinder tourer and two models were shown at the 1922 Brussels Motor Show.  Bodies offered included open 2 and 4 seat cars, a 3 seat sports cars, two door saloon and a light delivery van. Financial problems restricted the numbers made. A new range of cars were shown in 1924 now with overhead valve engines and front wheel brakes but production remained limited.

The company was reformed in 1927 as Usines Juwel in Herstal and a front wheel drive sports car, the TA-4 sold under the Astra marque, was produced with 1131 cc engine. The drive system was based on the one used in the French Tracta. The company closed in 1928.

Herstal
Herstal (French pronunciation: [ɛʁstal] ⓘ; Walloon: Hesta), formerly known as Heristal, or Héristal (pronounced [eʁistal]), is a municipality and city of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. It lies along the Meuse river. Herstal is included in the "Greater Liège" agglomeration, which counts about 600,000 inhabitants.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Herstal, Liers, Milmort, and Vottem.

A large armaments factory, the Fabrique Nationale or FN, and the biggest industrial zone of Wallonia (Haut-Sart) provide employment locally.