hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage stamps and postal history of Costa Rica
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Costa Rica.

Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east.

Postal history
Postal history is the study of postal systems and how they operate and, or, the study of the use of postage stamps and covers and associated postal artifacts illustrating historical episodes in the development of postal systems. The term is attributed to Robson Lowe, a professional philatelist, stamp dealer and stamp auctioneer, who made the first organised study of the subject in the 1930s and described philatelists as "students of science", but postal historians as "students of humanity".  More precisely, philatelists describe postal history as the study of rates, routes, markings, and means (of transport).
Blood Bowl (2009 video game)
Blood Bowl is a 2009 fantasy sports video game developed by Cyanide, loosely based on gridiron football, and adapted from the board game of the same name, which is produced by Games Workshop, using the CRP ruleset. It was released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable, iOS, and Android.

Sports video game
A sports video game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports, and combat sports. Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as EA Sports FC, eFootball, EA Sports F1, EA Sports WRC, NBA 2K and TopSpin 2K25), whilst others emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Football Manager and Out of the Park Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.
Skole Beskids National Nature Park
The Skole Beskids National Nature Park (Ukrainian: Національний природний парк «Сколівські Бескиди») covers the Skole Beskids Range of the Carpathian Mountains on the western edge of Ukraine.  The national park was created in 1999 to protect the beech  and beech-fir forests of Carpathians, and to provide for environmental, ecological, aesthetic, educational and recreational uses.  The park is in Stryi and Drohobych Raions in Lviv Oblast.

Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast (Ukrainian: Львівська область, romanized: Lvivska oblast, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Ukrainian: Львівщина, IPA: [ˈlʲwiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. The current population is 2,478,133 (2022 estimate).
Claude Richmond
Claude Harry Richmond (born August 3, 1935) is a former Canadian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, representing the riding of Kamloops from 1981 to 1991 as part of the British Columbia Social Credit Party (Socred), and from 2001 to 2009 as part of the British Columbia Liberal Party. He held various cabinet positions under premiers Bill Bennett, Bill Vander Zalm, Rita Johnston and Gordon Campbell, and served as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 2001 to 2005.

Kamloops (provincial electoral district)
Kamloops was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada, from 1903 to 2009.

Kamloops voted for the winning party in every election it was contested, from the riding's creation in 1903 up until its final election in 2005.
United Democratic Centre (El Salvador)
The United Democratic Centre (Spanish: Centro Democrático Unido) is a political party in El Salvador.

It first contested national elections in 1999 when it nominated Rubén Zamora (who finished third) in the presidential elections. For the 2000 elections it was an alliance of the Social Democratic Party and Democratic Convergence, winning three seats. Although the 2003 elections saw the Social Democratic Party run separately, the CDU increased its representation to five seats. In the 2004 presidential elections its candidate Héctor Silva Argüello received 3.9% of the vote. However, it lost all its seats in the 2006 elections.

2006 Salvadoran legislative election
Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 12 March 2006. Although the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front received the most votes, the Nationalist Republican Alliance emerged as the largest party, winning 34 of the 84 seats.
Aleksei Budõlin
Aleksei Budõlin (born 5 April 1976) is an Estonian former judoka and current coach. At the 2000 Summer Olympics he won a bronze medal in the men's Half Middleweight (‍–‍81 kg) category, together with Nuno Delgado of Portugal.

Judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 81 kg
Men's 81 kg competition in judo at the 2000 Summer Olympics was held on 19 September at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre.

This event was the median of the men's judo weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 81 kilograms of body mass. Like all other judo events, bouts lasted five minutes. If the bout was still tied at the end, it was extended for another five-minute, sudden-death period; if neither judoka scored during that period, the match is decided by the judges. The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage. The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket's repechage in bronze medal bouts.
1973 Israeli presidential election
An election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 10 April 1973. Biophysicist and politician Ephraim Katzir was elected to the position in a secret ballot and took office the same day. He held this position until 1978, when Yitzhak Navon was elected as the new president.

Yitzhak Navon
Yitzhak Rachamim Navon (Hebrew: יִצְחָק נָבוֹן‎‎; 9 April 1921 – 6 November 2015) was an Israeli politician, diplomat, playwright, and author. He served as the president of Israel between 1978 and 1983 as a member of the centre-left Alignment party. He was the first Israeli president born in Jerusalem and the first Sephardi Jew to serve in that office.
GRAVITY (Very Large Telescope)
GRAVITY is an instrument on the interferometer of the Very Large Telescope (VLTI). It either combines the light of the four Unit Telescopes (UT) or the smaller four Auxiliary Telescopes. The instrument works with adaptive optics and provides a resolution of 4 milliarcseconds (mas) and can measure the position of astronomical objects down to a few 10 microarcseconds (μas). VLTI GRAVITY has a collecting area of 200 m2 and the angular resolution of a 130 m telescope.

Adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microscopy, optical fabrication and in retinal imaging systems (ophthalmoscopy) to reduce optical aberrations. Adaptive optics works by measuring the distortions in a wavefront and compensating for them with a device that corrects those errors such as a deformable mirror or a liquid crystal array.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which work on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry.

Other methods can achieve resolving power exceeding the limit imposed by atmospheric distortion, such as speckle imaging, aperture synthesis, and lucky imaging, or by moving outside the atmosphere with space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Margaret Reynolds
Margaret Reynolds AC (née Lyne; born 19 July 1941) is a former Australian politician. She was a Senator for Queensland from 1983 to 1999, representing the Australian Labor Party (ALP). She held ministerial office in the Hawke government as Minister for Local Government (1987–1990) and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women (1988–1990).

Hawke government
The Hawke government was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1983 to 1991. The government followed the Liberal-National Coalition Fraser government and was succeeded by another Labor administration, the Keating government, led by Paul Keating after an internal party leadership challenge in 1991. Keating was Treasurer through much of Hawke's term as prime minister and the period is sometimes termed the Hawke-Keating government.
Allan Johnston (Australian footballer)
Allan Vincent Johnston (23 July 1906 – 6 June 1944) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

He was killed in a car accident near Wangaratta on 6 June 1944, which was caused by him sneezing while at the wheel.

Wangaratta
Wangaratta (/ˌwæŋɡəˈrætə/ WANG-gə-RAT-ə) is a city in the northeast of Victoria, Australia,  236 km (147 mi) from Melbourne along the Hume Highway. The city had a population of 29,808 per the 2021 Australian Census.

The city is located at the junction of the Ovens and King rivers, which drain the northwestern slopes of the Victorian Alps. Wangaratta is the administrative centre and the most populous city in the Rural City of Wangaratta local government area.
Tonyn (1782 ship)
Tonyn was a French vessel launched in 1777 under another name and taken in prize circa 1782. She first appeared in the 1782 volume of Lloyd's Register (LR).

Captain P.Welsh acquired a letter of marque on 13 August 1781.

Lloyd's List reported in November 1783 that Tonyn, Welch, master, had been lost on the bar at Saint Augustine, Florida. She had been on a voyage from Charles Town, South Carolina, to Saint Augustine and London. The LR volume for 1783 carried the annotation "Lost" by her name.

Most of the crew saved themselves by lashing themselves to rafts. A female passenger and her child drowned after they refused to allow themselves to be lashed to a raft.

This Tonyn may have been a replacement for a Tonyn, also of 200 tons (bm), that Thomas Moss had lost the year before to capture.

Lloyd's List
Lloyd's List is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is now published digitally.

Also known simply as The List, it was begun by Edward Lloyd, the proprietor of Lloyd's Coffee House, as a source of information for merchants' agents and insurance underwriters who met regularly in his establishment on Lombard Street to negotiate insurance coverage for trading vessels. It continues to provide this information in addition to marine insurance, offshore energy, logistics, market data, research, global trade and law information, and shipping news.
The Left faction (Bundestag)
The Left Party parliamentary group in the Bundestag (short Linksfraktion, own spelling Fraktion DIE LINKE. im Bundestag) is the parliamentary group of the party Die Linke in the Bundestag. It existed from 2005 to 2023, but was dissolved in 2023 following the Bundnis Sahra Wagenknecht split. After the 2025 election, the faction was formed again.

Heidi Reichinnek
Heidi Reichinnek (German: [ˈhaɪdi ˈʁaɪçinɛk]; born 19 April 1988) is a German politician and Member of the Bundestag for the left-wing party Die Linke. Since 2024, she has been serving as the Leader of Die Linke in the Bundestag, alongside Sören Pellmann.
Going up and going down
In commutative algebra, a branch of mathematics, going up and going down are terms which refer to certain properties of chains of prime ideals in integral extensions.

The phrase going up refers to the case when a chain can be extended by "upward inclusion", while going down refers to the case when a chain can be extended by "downward inclusion".

The major results are the Cohen–Seidenberg theorems, which were proved by Irvin S. Cohen and Abraham Seidenberg. These are known as the going-up and going-down theorems.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Unit 777
Unit 777 (Arabic: الوحدة 777 قتال), also known as Task Force 777, is a special forces unit in the Egyptian Army, falling under the El-Sa'ka Force. They specialize in black operations, commando style raids, counterterrorism, executive protection, hostage rescue, irregular warfare, manhunting, and special operations in behind enemy lines. It was created in 1978 by the government of Anwar Sadat in response to concerns of increased terrorist activity following the expulsion of Soviet military advisors from the country by Sadat and his efforts to achieve peace with Israel.

Larnaca
Larnaca, also spelled Larnaka, is a city on the southeast coast of Cyprus and the capital of the Larnaca District. With a district population of 155,000 in 2021, it is the third largest city in the country after Nicosia and Limassol.

Built on the ruins of Kition, an Ancient Greek city-state and the birthplace of Stoic philosopher Zeno of Citium, Larnaca is home to the Church of Saint Lazarus, Hala Sultan Tekke, the Kamares Aqueduct, Larnaca Castle, Larnaca District Archaeological Museum, and Pierides Museum. It attracts many visitors to its beaches, as well as to Finikoudes (Φοινικούδες; Greek for "palm trees"), the city's signature seafront promenade lined with palm trees. It gives its name to the country's primary airport, Larnaca International Airport, which is situated in the neighbouring village of Dromolaxia rather than Larnaca proper. It also has a seaport and a marina.
WTTA
WTTA (channel 38) is a television station licensed to St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, serving as the Tampa Bay area's local outlet for The CW. It is owned and operated by The CW's majority owner, Nexstar Media Group, alongside NBC affiliate WFLA-TV (channel 8) and Sarasota-based low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate WSNN-LD (channel 39). WTTA and WFLA-TV share studios on South Parker Street in downtown Tampa; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WFLA-TV's spectrum from a transmitter in Riverview, Florida.

Riverview, Florida
Riverview is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is located south of Brandon. The population was 107,396 in the 2020 census, up from 71,050 in the 2010 census.

Many of Tampa Bay's radio and television stations broadcast from an antenna farm in the Riverview area, on Boyette Road, east of town. Riverview is home to Bell Creek Nature Preserve.
Mike Dawson (politician)
Mike Dawson MP (born October 20, 1976) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2025 Canadian federal election for Miramichi—Grand Lake. He was first elected in a by-election to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick for Southwest Miramichi-Bay du Vin in 2022 as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, following the resignation of Jake Stewart. In the 2024 New Brunswick general election, he was re-elected as an MLA, this time in the newly-created riding of Miramichi West.

2024 New Brunswick general election
The 2024 New Brunswick general election was held on October 21, 2024, where 49 members were elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. It was formally called upon the dissolution of the 60th New Brunswick Legislature on September 19, 2024.

The incumbent Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (PC) government, led by Premier Blaine Higgs since 2018, sought re-election to a third consecutive term. The party was defeated by the New Brunswick Liberal Association, led by Susan Holt, with them set to form a majority government in a landslide victory. Higgs was defeated in his own riding of Quispamsis, the first time since 1987 that a sitting New Brunswick Premier lost in their own riding. Upon taking office, Holt became the first woman premier of New Brunswick.
1989 Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The 1989 Virginia Slims World Championship Series was the elite tour for professional women's tennis organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). The 1989 Virginia Slims World Championship Series included the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Virginia Slims Championships and the WTA Category 1-5 events. ITF World Circuit tournaments are not part of the WTA World Championship Series, although they award points for the WTA World Ranking.

Virginia Slims World Championship Series
The Virginia Slims World Championship Series (its sponsored name) or WTA World Championship Series (its tour name) was the women's top tier tennis tour administered by the Women's Tennis Association that was first founded in 1970 as the Virginia Slims Series of events that were then part of ILTF World Circuit. It eventually became the basis for the later WTA Tour. The players, dubbed the Original 9, rebelled against the United States Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) because of the wide inequality between the amount of prize money paid to male tennis players and to female tennis players. In 1971 it was rebranded as the Virginia Slims Circuit until 1978 and was a rival tour to the ILTF Women's International Grand Prix until 1976. In 1979 it was branded as the Avon Championship Circuit until 1981. In 1982 it was merged with the Toyota International Series as a single women's tennis tour and rebranded under its last title name until 1989. In 1990 it was succeeded by the WTA World Tour.
Babesia
Babesia, also called Nuttallia, is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks. Originally discovered by Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888; over 100 species of Babesia have since been identified.

Babesia comprises more than 100 species of tick-borne parasites that infect erythrocytes (red blood cells) in many vertebrate hosts.

Babesia species infect livestock worldwide, wild and domestic vertebrate animals, and occasionally humans, where they cause the disease babesiosis. In the United States, B. microti is the most common strain of the few that have been documented to cause disease in humans.

Bacteriologist
A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, as well as using their skills in clinical settings. This includes investigating properties of bacteria such as morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry, phylogenetics, genomics and many other areas related to bacteria like disease diagnostic testing. Alongside human and animal healthcare providers, they may carry out various functions as medical scientists, veterinary scientists, pathologists, or diagnostic technicians in locations like clinics, blood banks, hospitals, laboratories and animal hospitals. Bacteriologists working in public health or biomedical research help develop vaccines for public use as well as public health guidelines for restaurants and businesses.
Beth Tfiloh Dahan Community School
Beth Tfiloh Dahan Community School is a private community Jewish day school in Baltimore County, Maryland. It encompasses preschool through twelfth grade.  The school has one campus in Pikesville. The campus includes the PreSchool, Lower School (Grades K-4), Middle School (Grades 5–8), and the High School (Grades 9-12).  Beth Tfiloh operated a second campus in Glyndon which was sold to Shepherd Pratt in 2007. A new 56,000-square-foot (5,200 m2) Lower School complex was constructed on the Old Court campus and was completed in January 2009. Hebrew school is also offered on the Old Court campus.

Jewish day school
A Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term "day school" is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part time weekend schools as well as secular or religious "boarding school" equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study. The substance of the "Jewish" component varies from school to school, community to community, and usually depends on the Jewish denominations of the schools' founders. While some schools may stress Judaism and Torah study others may focus more on Jewish history, Hebrew language, Yiddish language, Jewish culture, and Zionism. This is in addition to secular content that is the same as public school curricula.
Timothy Roche
Timothy Roche is an American educator, football coach, and politician. He is currently a member of the Maine House of Representatives, representing District 7.

Roche lives in Wells, Maine. He was first elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 2020, defeating Democratic incumbent Daniel Hobbs. He sits on the Educational and Cultural Affairs Committee.

Prior to serving in the Maine House of Representatives, he served as a selectmen in Wells.

Roche has served as the football coach for Wells High School for over two decades. He has led the team to four state championships during his tenure as coach. MaxPreps named him the best high school football coach in state.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Joannes Aurifaber (Vimariensis)
Joannes Aurifaber (1519 – November 18, 1575), born Johann Goldschmidt in Weimar, Germany, was a Lutheran churchman, theologian, and a Protestant reformer. Owing to a similarly-named contemporary, he is sometimes distinguished by the cognomen Vimariensis or Vinariensis ("of Weimar").

Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.

In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer, sharing his views publicly in 1517, followed by Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition.

Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers influenced multiple movements and are included in each respective section.