hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silvina Montrul
Silvina Montrul is a linguist specializing in generative approaches to second language acquisition. She is Professor of Linguistics and Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, as well as Second Language Acquisition, at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
De Férias com o Ex Caribe season 2
The second season of the De Férias com o Ex Caribe, also known as De Férias com o Ex Caribe: Salseiro VIP, premiered on MTV on November 15, 2022. It features ten celebrity singles living together on Isla Barú, Colombia with their ex-partners.

MTV (Brazilian TV channel)
MTV was a Brazilian pay television channel owned by Paramount Networks Americas. The channel is the second Brazilian version of MTV after the free-to-air network MTV Brasil, founded in 1990, ended its operations. The channel premiered at 9:30 pm BRT of 1 October 2013, with the TV show Coletivation.It appeared after Grupo Abril, who operated the terrestrial MTV Brasil for 23 years, gave back the rights of the MTV brand to Viacom.

Among the international versions of MTV regarding the amount of local programming, the Brazilian version ended up in second place, losing only to its US parent in 2014. Its signal, in 2014, reached approximately 12.6 million subscribers.

MTV channels in Brazil ceased broadcasting on 1 January 2026.
Kilsyth Football Club
The Kilsyth Football Club, nicknamed the Cougars, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Kilsyth. The club is most notable for its three-year stint in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in the 1980s.

Kilsyth's men's team currently plays in Division 4 of the Eastern Football Netball League (EFNL), while the women's team is in Division 2 of the EFNL's women's competition.

Kilsyth, Victoria
Kilsyth (/ˈkɪlsaɪθ/ ⓘ) is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 32 kilometres (20 mi) east from Melbourne's central business district (CBD), located within the City of Maroondah and the Shire of Yarra Ranges local government areas. Kilsyth recorded a population of 11,699 at the 2021 census.

Most of Kilsyth is located within the Shire of Yarra Ranges, the rest is within the City of Maroondah.
Borlase
Borlase is a surname and masculine given name.

A branch of the family De Taillefer, of Périgord, who were descended from the Count of Angoulême, came to England before the reign of Henry III (1207–1272). A king granted lands in the parish of St Wenn in Cornwall to Frank (French) Borlas Taillefer. Following the ancient Cornish tradition, the family adopted the name of their place of residence, Borlas, as their surname. Originally Borlase was a manor, but the name now exists as three farms: Borlase-Vath, Borlase Burgess and Borlase farm near Rosenannon.

A common saying in west Cornwall was ″Borlases were in Cornwall before the birth of Christ″.

Counts and Dukes of Angoulême
Angoulême (L'Angoumois) in western France was part of the Carolingian Kingdom of Aquitaine. Under Charlemagne's successors, the local count of Angoulême was independent and the county was not united with the French crown until 1308. By the terms of the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) the Angoumois, then ruled by the counts of Angoulême, was ceded to King Edward III of England. In 1371 it became a fief of Duke John of Berry and then passed to Duke Louis I of Orleans, both of whom were cadets of the French royal family. From then on it was held by cadets of the Valois House of Orleans, until Francis of Angoulême, became king of France in 1515. Angoumois was definitively incorporated into the French crown lands, as a duchy.
Malta at the Commonwealth Games
Malta have competed at twelve Commonwealth Games, making their debut in 1958. They did not attend in 1966, 1974 or 1978, but have attended every Games since 1982. Malta have won six medals at the Games, four of these in shooting.

1974 British Commonwealth Games
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1974 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Christchurch, New Zealand, from 24 January to 2 February 1974. The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games. The event was officially named "the friendly games".

There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials, according to the official history, and public attendance was excellent. The main venue was the QEII Park, purpose-built for this event, which included the athletics stadium, fully covered Olympic standard pool, diving pool, and practice pools.

The Games village was located at the University of Canterbury and had accommodation in the halls of residence and a dining hall for the competitors.

The theme song was "Join Together", sung by Steve Allen. The event was held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes.
Get Gone (album)
Get Gone is the debut studio album by American rock band Seratones. It was released on May 6, 2016, through Fat Possum Records. Recording sessions took place at Dial Back Sound studios in Water Valley, Mississippi. Production was handled by Jimbo Mathus with Clay Jones serving as additional producer on four out of eleven tracks.

Water Valley, Mississippi
Water Valley is a city in Yalobusha County, Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, Water Valley had a population of 3,380. It is the larger of two county seats in the rural county and at one time was the center of railroad shops. Water Valley is served by the Water Valley School District.
Fusil Gras mle 1874
The Fusil Modèle 1874 or Gras was the French Army's primary service rifle from 1874 to 1886. Designed by Colonel Basile Gras, the Gras was a metallic cartridge adaptation of the single-shot, breech-loading, black powder Chassepot rifle. It was developed from 1872 to 1874 as a response to the German adoption of the Mauser Model 1871 metallic cartridge rifle.

Modified in 1880 as the M80 with an improved breechblock and in 1914 as the M14  to accommodate the 8×50mmR Lebel smokeless powder cartridge, the Gras was replaced as the standard-issue service rifle by the Lebel in 1886.

Service rifle
A service rifle (or standard-issue rifle) is any rifle a military issues to its regular soldiers or infantry. In modern militaries, this is generally a versatile, rugged, and reliable assault rifle or battle rifle, suitable for use in nearly all environments and is effective in most combat situations. Service rifles are solely designated and used as the primary weapon in almost all instances of warfare and training. Almost all modern militaries are also issued service pistols as sidearms to accompany their service rifles. The term can also be used to describe weapons issued by non-military forces, such as law enforcement or paramilitaries.

If the issued weapon is not a rifle or carbine, but instead a different type of firearm intended to serve in a specialized role such as a combat shotgun, submachine gun, or light machine gun, it is called a service firearm or service weapon.
Eric Thames
Eric Allyn Thames (/θeɪmz/ THAYMZ; born November 10, 1986) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and outfielder. He played in  Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, Seattle Mariners, Milwaukee Brewers, and Washington Nationals, in the KBO League for the NC Dinos, and in the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yomiuri Giants.

Thames played college baseball for the Pepperdine Waves, and was chosen by the Blue Jays in the 2008 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut for Toronto in 2011, and was traded to the Mariners in 2012. After spending the 2013 season in Minor League Baseball, he signed with the Dinos for the 2014 season. He won the KBO League Most Valuable Player Award in 2015, and signed with the Brewers before the 2017 season.

Varsity team
A varsity team is the highest-level team in a sport or activity representing an educational institution. Varsity teams train to compete against each other during an athletic season or in periodic matches against rival institutions. At high schools in the United States, a varsity team is one step above a school's junior varsity (JV) team, which is composed of less experienced players.

The term varsity originated in Britain in the 1840s and means university; varsity team referring to the principal team that would represent the university in matches against another university. In contrast, student-run college teams within a university typically compete against each other in intramural events and, in the U.S., club sports.
Murray Satterfield
Murray Satterfield (March 19, 1926 – April 24, 2013) was an American basketball coach. He was the coach of Boise State University and led their transition to a four-type year program.

A native of Blackfoot, Idaho, Satterfield played college basketball for Vadal Peterson at Utah, where in 1949 he was named to the All-Skyline Conference. Following the close of his college career, he coached high school basketball in his home state before being named head coach at Boise Junior College in 1965. Satterfield led the Broncos from the junior college ranks to the NCAA College Division to NCAA Division I in his time there, earning a College Division NCAA Tournament bid in 1970. He compiled a total record of 134–77 at Boise State.

Satterfield abruptly resigned as the Broncos head coach in-season in January, 1973. He would later coach the College of Idaho from 1975 to 1978.

Satterfield died on April 24, 2013, at age 87.

Boise State Broncos men's basketball
The Boise State Broncos men's basketball team represents Boise State University in the Mountain West Conference. The Broncos are led by head coach Leon Rice, hired in March 2010, and play their home games on campus at ExtraMile Arena in Boise, Idaho.  BSU's most recent appearance in the NCAA tournament was in 2024.
Stay Gold (Butch Walker album)
Stay Gold is the eighth full-length studio album from American musician Butch Walker, released on August 26, 2016, through DangerBird records in the United States and Lojinx in Europe. The album was announced in June of that year with the lead single “East Coast Girl”.

Following his previous release, Afraid of Ghosts, an emotional album recorded after the loss of his father, Stay Gold presents a much more upbeat and optimistic outlook, with Walker saying "I spilled it all out on [Afraid of Ghosts] and it was a heavy subject. Where do you go from there? [...] It triggered a lot of bittersweet nostalgia. So I started writing about all that, and it sounded like the template should be more of a celebration, as far as the music goes."

Lojinx
Lojinx is a British independent record label and music publishing company established in 2004 in South London, UK.  It was voted as one of the top ten "Best Record Labels of 2010". Based in London, Lojinx markets and distributes physical and digital music products globally via The Orchard.
Gretchen Barretto
Gretchen Castelo Barretto (Tagalog: [ˈgɾɛtʃɛn baˈrɛto]; born March 6, 1970) is a Filipino former actress, socialite, and businesswoman. She was launched in Regal Films' 14 Going on Steady as a singer-actress, with the release of her debut single "Going Steady", which served as the soundtrack single to her debut film. In the late eighties, Barretto rose to prominence after gaining success in skin flicks produced by Seiko Films like Tukso, Layuan Mo Ako!, Ang Bukas Ay Akin, Ama, Bakit Mo Ako Pinabayaan?, Lumayo Ka Man Sa Akin and Bakit Ako Mahihiya?. She has released two studio albums under Star Records. Her debut album, Unexpected, was released in 2008, and her second album Complicated was released a year after. Her two younger sisters, Marjorie and Claudine, and niece Julia are also actresses. She has been a contract star of ABS-CBN since 2010.

Since 2017, Barretto has been associated with cockfighting magnate Atong Ang.

Star Music
Star Music (formerly known as Star Records from 1995 to 2014, divisionally known as ABS-CBN Music, and incorporated as Star Recording, Inc.) is a Filipino record label owned by ABS-CBN Corporation. It was formerly a separate company operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of ABS-CBN until 2013 when it was merged to ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc. Its music publishing arm in the Philippines is Star Music Publishing (incorporated as Star Songs, Inc.) while outside the Philippines its songs are licensed to Warner Chappell Music.

It is a member of the Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI), a non-profit and private trade organization, that represents the recording industry distributors in the Philippines.
Reflection phase change
A phase change sometimes occurs when a wave is reflected, specifically from a medium with faster wave speed to the boundary of a medium with slower wave speed. Such reflections occur for many types of wave, including light waves, sound waves, and waves on vibrating strings.

Angular frequency
In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function (for example, in oscillations and waves).
Angular frequency (or angular speed) is the magnitude of the pseudovector quantity angular velocity.

Angular frequency can be obtained by multiplying rotational frequency, ν (or ordinary frequency, f) by a full turn (2π radians): ω = 2π rad⋅ν.
It can also be formulated as ω = dθ/dt, the instantaneous rate of change of the angular displacement, θ, with respect to time, t.
Nyl Yakura
Nyl Kiyoshi Yakura (born 14 February 1993) is a Canadian badminton player. He captured two gold medals at the Pan American Games, winning the men's doubles title in 2019 and 2023, and also a silver in the mixed doubles in 2019. Yakura, who grew up in Pickering, Ontario, currently lives in Toronto and trains at the KC Badminton Club in Markham. He has Japanese and Indonesian heritage.

Badminton at the 2019 Pan American Games – Men's doubles
The men's doubles badminton event at the 2019 Pan American Games will be held from July 30 – August 2 at the Polideportivo 3 in Lima, Peru. The defending Pan American Games champion is Phillip Chew and Sattawat Pongnairat of the United States.

Each National Olympic Committee could enter a maximum of four athletes (two pairs) into the competition. The athletes will be drawn into an elimination stage draw. Once a team lost a match, it will be not longer be able to compete. Each match will be contested as the best of three games.
Alf Tupper
Alf Tupper is the protagonist of a British comic strip, The Tough of the Track (or Alf Tupper: The Tough of the Track), created by Bill Blaine (probably a pseudonym for William Blaine, head of DC Thomson comics), written by Gilbert Lawford Dalton.  He is a working class, "hard as nails" runner, whose adventures appeared in The Rover from 1949 and then The Victor British boys' comics from D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. (Some of the comic strips in The Victor were visualisations of the stories that had appeared in The Rover.) His adventures appeared over almost a 40-year period, until 1992. Many artists have written and drawn his stories, including Pete Sutherland, during his run in The Victor.

In April 2014, Alf Tupper returned in a monthly one-page comic-strip feature in the international athletics magazine Athletics Weekly.

Athletics Weekly
AW (formerly Athletics Weekly) is a monthly track and field magazine published in the United Kingdom by Athletics Weekly Limited. The magazine covers news, results, fixtures, coaching and product advice for all aspects of track and field, cross-country, road racing and race walking. Between 1950 and 2020, it was called Athletics Weekly and was published weekly.

In addition to its main website, Athletics Weekly partners with the UK Athletics site Power Of 10 and owns records data website GBR Athletics.
Class Action (film)
Class Action is a 1991 American legal drama film directed by Michael Apted. Gene Hackman and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio star; Laurence Fishburne, Colin Friels, Fred Dalton Thompson, and Donald Moffat are also featured. The film was entered into the 17th Moscow International Film Festival.

17th Moscow International Film Festival
The 17th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 8 to 19 July 1991. The Golden St. George was awarded to the Soviet-German film Spotted Dog Running at the Edge of the Sea directed by Karen Gevorkian.
2014–15 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men
The 2014–15 Biathlon World Cup – Individual Men started on Wednesday December 3, 2014 in Östersund and finished on Thursday March 12, 2015 at the World Championships in Kontiolahti. The defending titlist Emil Hegle Svendsen of Norway finished on the 3rd place. Serhiy Semenov of Ukraine won the title.

Serhiy Semenov
Serhiy Oleksandrovych Semenov (Ukrainian: Сергій Олександрович Семенов; born 28 July 1988 in Chernihiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian biathlete. He is first Ukrainian male biathlete to win a World Cup title in a single discipline, having become World Cup champion in the individual in the 2014–15 season. He is two-time World Championships medalist.
Elkington (surname)
Elkington is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Audrey Elkington (born 1957), English priest, Archdeacon of Bodmin

George Elkington (1801–1865), English businessman and electroplating pioneer

Henry Elkington (1890–1963), Australian rules footballer

Jodi Elkington (born 1993), Australian sprinter

John Elkington (business author) (born 1949), English businessman and author

John Elkington (British Army officer) (1830–1889), British Army general, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey

John Simeon Colebrook Elkington (1871–1955), Australian public health advocate

Joseph Elkington (1740–1806), English agriculturalist

Lilian Elkington (1900–1969), English pianist and composer

Steve Elkington (born 1962), Australian golfer

Tim Elkington (1920–2019), English Royal Air Force officer

John Simeon Colebrook Elkington
John Simeon Colebrook Elkington (29 September 1871 – 8 March 1955) was an Australian public health advocate. He pioneered programs for checking the health of schoolchildren and the federal quarantine service. He also researched tropical medicine, an important issue in northern Australia.
Mount Harrison (Idaho)
Mount Harrison, at 9,265 feet (2,824 m) is a peak in the northern Albion Mountains of Cassia County in southern Idaho. Mount Harrison is located in north of Cache Peak, south of Burley, northeast of Oakley, and west of Malta in the Albion Division of the Minidoka Ranger District of Sawtooth National Forest. Mount Harrison is in the watershed of tributaries of the Snake River, which itself is a tributary of the Columbia River. The peak can be reached via a paved road that runs all the way to its summit. Lake Cleveland is located in the basin north of the peak, and a small unnamed lake is located in the basin southeast of the peak.

Cassia County, Idaho
Cassia County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census the county had a population of 24,655. The county seat and largest city is Burley. Cassia County is included in the Burley, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Speed skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Women's 5000 metres
The Women's 5000 m speed skating competition for the 2002 Winter Olympics was held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

Claudia Pechstein secures her third gold medal in the distance, having won each of the three times that this distance has been skated by women in the Olympics between 1994 and 2002. With the win, Pechstein also secures at least one medal in four consecutive Winter Games (1992–2002). Clara Hughes and Gretha Smit surprise by ending up on the podium alongside Pechstein. Smit, who broke the world record en route to finishing second, only started competing in long track skating a year before the Games, although she and her sisters had proven almost unbeatable in marathon skating, which is performed in groups.

Long-track speed skating
Long-track speed skating, usually simply referred to as speed skating, is the Olympic discipline of speed skating where competitors are timed while crossing a set distance. It is also a sport for leisure. Sports such as ice skating marathon, short-track speedskating, inline speedskating, and quad speed skating are also called speed skating.

Long-track speed skating enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands and has also had champion athletes from Austria, Canada, China, Finland, Germany, Japan, Italy, Norway, Poland, South Korea, Russia, Sweden, the Czech Republic and the United States. Speed skaters attain maximum speeds of 60 km/h (37 mph).
Arhopala agelastus
Arhopala agelastus  is a species of butterfly belong to the lycaenid family described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1862. It is found in Southeast Asia (Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore and ssp. perissa  Doherty, 1889 Burma, Mergui and Thailand)

Male above deep glossy ultramarine blue; under surface almost exactly like that of perissa [now subspecies] which may be only a hardly separable form of it, but the postmedian band of the forewing beneath is not so uniform, more distinctly composed of separate spots. Hereby perissa is very similar to [related]  forms which are difficult to separate from this species.

William Chapman Hewitson
William Chapman Hewitson (9 January 1806, in Newcastle upon Tyne – 28 May 1878, in Oatlands Park, Surrey) was a British naturalist. A wealthy collector, Hewitson was particularly devoted to Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and, also, to birds' nests and eggs. His collection of butterflies, collected by him as well as purchased from travellers throughout the world, was one of the largest and most important of his time. He contributed to and published many works on entomology and ornithology and was an accomplished scientific illustrator.
Paracrossochilus acerus
Paracrossochilus acerus is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. This species is endemic to northern Borneo where it is found in the Rajang and Baram river systems in Sarawak, the Temburong drainage in Brunei and the Beluran, Kinabatangan and Segama drainages in Sabah, while in Kalimantan it is found in the drainage system of the Kapuas River. This is a bethopelagicspecies that is found in large schools and which has a maximum published standard length of 9.5 cm (3.7 in).

Kapuas River
The Kapuas River (Old Indonesian/Dutch spelling: Kapoeas River) is a river in the Indonesian part of Borneo island, at the geographic center of Maritime Southeast Asia. At 1,143 km (710 mi) in length, it is the longest river on the island of Borneo, the longest river in Indonesia and one of the world's longest island rivers. It originates in the Müller mountain range at the center of the island and flows west into the South China Sea creating an extended marshy delta. The delta is located west-southwest of Pontianak, the capital of the West Kalimantan province, althouth the most northern of the river's outflows actually goes through the city itself. This Kapuas River should be distinguished from another Kapuas, which starts on the other side of the same mountain range in central Borneo but flows to the south, merging with the Barito and discharging into the Java Sea.