hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rosemary Crompton
Rosemary Crompton, FBA (née Baxendale; 22 April 1942 – 17 August 2011) was a British sociologist and academic, specialising in gender and social class. She was Professor of Sociology at City University from 1999 to 2008: she was then appointed professor emeritus. She had previously been a research assistant at the University of Cambridge, a lecturer at the University of East Anglia and at the University of Kent, and held a chair at the University of Leicester.

Research assistant
A research assistant (RA)  is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university, research institute, or privately held organization to provide assistance in academic or private research endeavors. Research assistants work under the supervision of a principal investigator or supervisor and typically do not bear direct responsibility for the final outcomes of the research. However, in certain countries, research assistants can be the primary contributors to the research outcomes. Research assistants are commonly educated to at least degree level, and they may also be enrolled in postgraduate degree programs. In some cases, such as when pursuing a PhD, they are referred to as Doctoral Research Assistants and may also have teaching responsibilities alongside their research commitments.
Dan Campilan
Danifel Manaba Campilan (November 27, 1980 – October 7, 2006), was a radio and TV reporter for GMA Network. As a radio reporter and later as a TV reporter, Campilan was practically in the center of many upheavals and shakeups that the country has gone through, from the impeachment of former Philippine president Joseph Estrada and the swearing in of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to the impeachment bid of Supreme Court Chief Justice Hilario Davide.

He was a reporter in GMA Network before his death at the age of 25 in a road accident.

League of Filipino Students
The League of Filipino Students (Filipino: Kapisanan ng mga Pilipinong Mag-Aaral, abbreviated as LFS) is a student-led national democratic mass organization and movement organized during the martial law era in the Philippines on September 11, 1977. It claims to be the leading anti-imperialist organization of the Filipino youth, under the ideological line of national democracy. It is part of the broader movement known as Bagong Alyansang Makabayan.
1882 Panama earthquake
The 1882 Panama earthquake occurred on September 7 at around 03:50 (UTC-5). The earthquake measured a magnitude between 7.9 and 8.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, making it the largest earthquake recorded in Panamanian history. It struck the San Blas Islands and was strongly felt in the City of Colón as well as the capital of Panama City. The earthquake also produced a major tsunami that had a maximum run-up of 3 meters (9.84 ft.). In total, the earthquake killed 250 people, 75 of which were from the tsunami. The earthquake and tsunami also halted the construction of the Panama Canal by a few months.

UTC−05:00
UTC−05:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −05:00. 
In North America, it is observed in the Eastern Time Zone during standard time, and in the Central Time Zone during the other eight months (see Daylight saving time). The western Caribbean uses it year round.
Haveli Barood Khana
Haveli Barood Khana is an 18th-century haveli located in the Walled City of Lahore, Pakistan. It was built during the Sikh rule of Lahore. In recent times, the haveli has become a cultural symbol of Lahore.

Sikh period in Lahore
The Sikh period in Lahore initiated from the conquest and rule of the Sikh Misls and extended till the Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh (also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, Sarkar Khālsā Rāj, and Sarkar Khalsaji) which ended in 1849. The Sikhs began gaining power following the decline of the Mughal Empire in Punjab and consisted of a collection of autonomous Punjabi Misls, which were governed by Misldars, mainly in the Punjab region.
NAD+ glycohydrolase
In enzymology, a NAD+ glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.2.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

NAD+ + H2O  ADP-ribose + nicotinamide

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD+ and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. Unlike ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase (EC 3.2.2.6), which catalyzes the same reaction, this reaction does not proceed through a cyclic ADP-ribose.

This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and calcium signaling pathway. Calcium metabolism involves the regulation of the levels of calcium in the body. The role this calcium plays also includes providing enough calcium for bone mineralization. It serves as the basis for the structure and rigidity of bones. Calcium metabolism can lead to a variety of diseases which can involve renal function. High concentrations of calcium can lead to cell death or apoptosis.

Calcium signaling
Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes, often as a step in signal transduction. Ca2+ is important for a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways. Once Ca2+ enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins. Ca2+ signaling can activate certain ion channels for short term changes (like changes to electrochemical gradients) in the cell. For longer-term changes (like changes in gene transcription), Ca2+ can act as a second messenger through indirect signal transduction pathways, such as in G protein-coupled receptor pathways.
Berehove, Odesa Oblast
Berehove (Ukrainian: Берегове) is a village in Ukraine, Odesa Raion, in Odesa Oblast. It belongs to Usatove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine, and is one of the 15 villages in the hromada. It has a population of about 45 (As of the Ukrainian 2001 Population Census). It has 2 other names that can you can call Berehove: Beregove and Beregovoye.

Until 18 July 2020, Berehove belonged to Biliaivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Biliaivka Raion was merged into Odesa Raion.

Odesa Oblast
Odesa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, romanized: Odeska oblast), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Odesa. Population: 2,351,382 (2022 estimate).

The length of coastline (sea-coast and estuaries) reaches 300 km (190 mi), while the state border stretches for 1,200 km (750 mi). The region has eight seaports and five of the biggest lakes, including Yalpuh Lake, in Ukraine. With over 80,000 ha (200,000 acres) of vineyards, it is also the largest wine-growing region in Ukraine.
Dallas Heard
Dallas Heard (born 1985) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Oregon Senate from 2018 to 2023. Heard had previously served as a member of the Oregon House of Representatives from District 2 from 2015 until 2018.

Heard served as Chairman of the Oregon Republican Party from 2021 until his resignation in 2022, citing “evil” and a toxic environment within the party. In December 2022, he announced he would resign from his Senate seat at the beginning of the new year, citing the need to focus on his family.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
NCOS
NCOS is the graphical user interface-based operating system developed for use in Oracle Corporation's Network Computers, which are discontinued. It was adapted by Acorn Computers from its own RISC OS, which was originally developed for their range of Archimedes desktop computers. It shares with RISC OS the same 4 MB ROM size and suitability for use with TV displays.

In 1999, Pace acquired the set-top box (STB) division of Acorn Computers,: 5 : 9  this being a component in the disposal of assets around the takeover of Acorn by MSDW Investment Holdings. This gave Pace the rights to use and develop NCOS. RISCOS Ltd later announced Embedded RISC OS, which was to have similarities with NCOS.

Set-top box
A set-top box (STB), also known as a cable box, receiver, or simply box, and historically television decoder or a converter, is an information appliance device that generally contains a TV tuner input and displays output to a television set, turning the source signal into content in a form that can then be displayed on the television screen or other display device. It is designed to be placed alongside or "on top" (hence the name) of a television set.

Set-top boxes are used in cable television, satellite television, terrestrial television and Internet Protocol television systems, as well as other uses such as digital media players ("streaming boxes"). Alternatives to set-top boxes are the smaller dongles, and television sets with built-in TV tuners.
Sondra Radvanovsky
Sondra Dee Radvanovsky (born 11 April 1969) is an American and Canadian soprano. Specializing in 19th-century Italian opera, Radvanovsky is widely regarded as a leading interpreter of bel canto, verismo, and works by Giuseppe Verdi. Her repertoire includes the title roles in Médée, Norma, Tosca, and Rusalka, Leonora in Il trovatore, Lady Macbeth in Macbeth, and Donizetti's "Tudor Queens": the title roles in Anna Bolena, Maria Stuarda, and Elizabeth I in Roberto Devereux.

Canadian Opera Company
The Canadian Opera Company (COC) is an opera company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest opera company in Canada and one of the largest opera producers in North America. The COC performs at the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, which was purpose-built for opera and ballet and is shared with the National Ballet of Canada.

The company was founded out of the University of Toronto's opera school in 1950 for commercial opera productions at the Royal Alexandra Theatre. In 1961, the company moved its home stage to the O'Keefe Centre (now known as Meridian Hall). In 2006, the company moved to the Four Seasons Centre.
Romina Yan
Romina Yankelevich (5 September 1974 – 28 September 2010), better known as Romina Yan, was an Argentine actress, screenwriter, singer and dancer. She made her television debut in the program Jugate Conmigo, and is most known for her portrayal of Belén Fraga in the internationally successful series Chiquititas (as well as on stage, in its annual musical presentations) created by her mother Cris Morena. She died in 2010, aged 36, after suffering a heart attack.

Telefe
Telefe (acronym for Televisión Federal) is a television station located in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The station is owned and operated by Grupo Televisión Litoral through Televisión Federal S.A. Telefe is also one of Argentina's six national television networks. Its studios are located in Martínez, Buenos Aires, adjacent to the corporate headquarters; its transmitter is located at the Alas Building.

In areas of Argentina where a Telefe station is not receivable over-the-air, it is available on satellite and select cable systems. Telefe also has regional stations across the country and an international network (Telefe Internacional) which is available in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
Action of 11 July 1804
The action of 11 July 1804 was a minor naval engagement fought between the Royal Navy and the French Imperial Navy in the Bay of Hiérès, off Le Lavandou. On 11 July, at night, 10 boats belonging to the Royal Navy frigates Narcissus, Seahorse, and Maidstone, under the orders of Lieutenant John Thompson, attacked 12 French settees, lying at Lavandou, in Hiérès Bay, moored with chains to the beach, and covered by a battery of three guns. The British force destroyed most of the French small craft, but at great cost.

Ross Donnelly
Admiral Sir Ross Donnelly, KCB (1764 – 30 September 1840) was an Irish Royal Navy officer who is known for his service during the American War of Independence, French Revolutionary War and Napoleonic Wars. He was first lieutenant on HMS Montagu at the Glorious First of June and assumed command after the death of Captain James Montagu.

Promoted to post captain in June 1795, Donnelly was given HMS Pegasus in which he participated in the action of 12 May 1796.
Charles Edwin Bentley
Charles Edwin Bentley (1859–1929) was an American dentist. In Chicago, he was the founder of what grew to be the largest local dental society in the world in the early 20th century.  As an African American civil rights activist, he was a founder of the Niagara Movement and leader in the Chicago branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

The Crisis
The Crisis is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, William Stanley Braithwaite, and Mary Dunlop Maclean. The Crisis has been in continuous print since 1910, and it is the oldest Black-oriented magazine in the world. Today, The Crisis is "a quarterly journal of civil rights, history, politics and culture and seeks to educate and challenge its readers about issues that continue to plague African Americans and other communities of color."
Hong Myong-gum
Hong Myong-gum (Korean: 홍명금; born 10 July 1986) is a North Korean footballer who plays as a defender for the North Korea women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. At the club level, she plays for Amrokgang in North Korea.

Yalu River
The Yalu River (Chinese: 鸭绿江; pinyin: Yālù Jiāng) or Amnok River (Korean: 압록강; MR: Amnokkang) is a river on the border between China and North Korea. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valley has been the scene of several military conflicts in the past centuries. 
It borders North Korea to the south and China to the north.
Lennard J. Davis
Lennard J. Davis is an American specialist in disability studies and a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Arts and Sciences, and also Professor of Disability and Human Development in the School of Applied Health Sciences and Professor of Medical Education in the University of Illinois College of Medicine.

He received degrees of B.A., M.A., and M.Phil. at Columbia University, as well as a PhD in the Department of English and Comparative Literature in 1976. His dissertation director was Edward Said.

University of Illinois College of Medicine
The University of Illinois College of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Illinois Chicago.

The school offers a four-year program leading to the MD degree at four different sites in Illinois: Chicago, Peoria, Rockford, and formerly Urbana–Champaign. The Urbana–Champaign site stopped accepting new students after fall 2016 to make room for the newly established Carle Illinois College of Medicine.

In 2011, enrollment of medical students in the University of Illinois system totaled 1,290 according to the Association of American Medical Colleges.
Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria
The Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria or Army Group A (German: Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht von Bayern) was an Army Group of the German Army, which operated on the Western Front under command of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, between 28 August 1916 and 11 November 1918 during World War I. It was formed from the short-lived Army Group Gallwitz under Max von Gallwitz (19 July - 28 August 1916).

Otto von Below
Otto Ernst Vinzent Leo von Below (18 January 1857 – 9 March 1944) served as a Prussian general officer in the Imperial German Army during the First World War (1914–1918). He arguably became most notable for his command, along with the Austro-Hungarian commander Svetozar Borojević, during the victorious Battle of Caporetto in October–November 1917.
Albert Bontridder
Albert Bontridder (4 April 1921 – 13 December 2015) was a Belgian architect and writer, born in Anderlecht. In 1953, he married Olga Dohnalova, a Czech refugee, and together they had two children.

He graduated as an architect in 1942. As an architect, he made the plan for the house of his friend Louis Paul Boon. In 1952 he was a founding member and editor of the magazine Architecture in Brussels. He was an editor of the experimental illustrated magazines Tijd en Mens (E: Time and Man) (1949–1955) and Kentering (E: Change) (1966–1977). He published his first poems in French and he made his actual debut with Hoog water (E: high tide) (1951).

Anderlecht
Anderlecht (French: [ɑ̃dœʁlɛkt] ⓘ; Dutch: [ˈɑndərlɛxt] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the south-western part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

There are several historically and architecturally distinct districts within Anderlecht. As of 1 January 2024, the municipality had a population of 126,581 inhabitants. The total area is 17.91 km2 (6.92 sq mi), which gives a population density of 7,066/km2 (18,300/sq mi). Its upper area is greener and less densely populated.
Regina Uchoa
Regina Pereira de Mendonca Uchoa (born (1959-09-20)20 September 1959) is a  Brazilian female volleyball player. She was part of the Brazil women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games, and at the 1986 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship.

Brazil women's national volleyball team
The Brazil women's national volleyball team is administered by the Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (CBV) and takes part in international volleyball competitions. With a tally of 46 titles the Brazil women's volleyball national team is one of the most successful national teams of all time. They have won 6 olympic medals including two gold medals, in the 2008 Summer Olympics and in 2012 Summer Olympics. They also hold the record of FIVB World Grand Prix championship titles having won the competition 12 times. In regional competitions they have won gold four times in the Pan American Games, and have 23 titles in the Women's South American Volleyball Championship.

The most successful coaches for Brazil are Bernardo Rezende, who led the team from 1990 to 2000, and José Roberto Guimarães, who has managed the team since 2004. Currently the team is ranked second in the FIVB World Rankings as of June 2025.
Panarotta
The Panarotta, or Monte Panarotta, is a mountain of Trentino, Italy, with an elevation of 2,002 metres (6,568 ft). It is the southernmost two-thousander in the Lagorai, in the Province of Trento.

The La Bassa Pass (1,829 m) divides the Panarotta from nearby Monte Fravort. Four skilifts, eighteen kilometres of ski slopes and a mountain hut are located on its southern side.

Located close to the prewar border between Italy and Austria-Hungary, the Panarotta was contested during the First World War, and relics of the war can still be seen on the mountain.

Ski lift
A ski lift is a mechanism for transporting skiers up a hill. Ski lifts are typically a paid service at ski resorts. The first ski lift was built in 1908 by German Robert Winterhalder in Schollach/Eisenbach, Hochschwarzwald.
Constantino Brumidi
Constantino Brumidi (26 July 1805 – 19 February 1880) was an Italian-American painter, born in Italy to an Italian Mother & Greek Father, he was later naturalized an American citizen, best known and honored for his fresco work, Apotheosis of Washington, in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Filiatra
Filiatra (Greek: Φιλιατρά), is a town and a former municipality in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Trifylia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 114.877 km2.

Filiatra is situated near the Ionian Sea coast in western Messenia. It is located 11 km northwest of Gargalianoi, 13 km southwest of Kyparissia, 29 km northwest of Pylos and 49 km west of Kalamata. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia - Pylos) passes through the town. Filiatra was founded around the 12th and the 13th centuries. It was constructed close to the site of the ancient city Erana. Filiatra has several schools, churches and shops. A scaled reproduction of the Eiffel Tower stands at the entrance to the village. The local soccer club is Erani Filiatra.
Geoffrey B. Small
Geoffrey B. Small is an American fashion designer and head of his eponymous made in Italy luxury clothing brand. Production is entirely hand-made in Carvazere, Veneto, Italy.
In 2003 Small founded the Area Paris show to showcase independent designers. Geoffrey B. Small has presented more than 100 collections in Paris since 1993, more than any other American designer.

Made in Italy
Made in Italy is a merchandise mark indicating that a product is all planned, manufactured and packed in Italy, especially concerning the design, fashion, food, manufacturing, craftsmanship, and engineering industries.
II-80 road (Bulgaria)
Republican Road II-80 (Bulgarian: Републикански път II-80) is a four-lane 2nd class road in southeastern Bulgaria, running entirely through the territory of Svilengrad Municipality of Haskovo Province. With a length of 6.5 km, it is the second shortest second class road in the country, after the 6.0 km II-17 road. It has four lanes throughout its entire length.

The road starts at Km 99.3 of the Maritsa motorway northwest of the town of Svilengrad and proceeds in direction southwest, crossing the river Maritsa and reaching Km 366.8 of the first class I-8 road at Kapitan Petko Voyvoda neighbourhood of Svilengrad. It then runs south until the border checkpoint between Bulgaria and Greece Kapitan Petko Voyvoda–Ormenio, where it continues as Road 51 of the Greek road network.

Svilengrad
Svilengrad (Bulgarian: Свиленград; Greek: Σβίλενγκραντ; Ottoman Turkish: Cisr-i Mustafapaşa) is a town in Haskovo Province, south-central Bulgaria, situated at the tripoint of Bulgaria, Turkey, and Greece. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Svilengrad Municipality.
Warniłęg
Warniłęg [varˈniwɛnk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złocieniec, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Złocieniec, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 105 km (65 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Until the First Partition of Poland in 1772 the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland, in 1772–1871 it was in Prussia, and in 1871–1945 belonged to Germany. After World War II it was reintegrated with Poland. During the war the Germans established and operated a forced labour camp for prisoners of war of various nationalities in the village.

Złocieniec
Złocieniec [zwɔˈt͡ɕɛɲɛt͡s] (Kashubian: Walczembórg; German: Falkenburg) is a town in northwestern Poland. Located in West Pomeranian Voivodeship's Drawsko County since 1999, it was previously a part of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). The population of Złocieniec is around 12,000 - it is therefore the biggest town in the county (powiat).