hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rail transport in Poland
The history of rail transport in Poland dates back to the first half of the 19th century when railways were built under Prussian, Russian, and Austrian rule. "Divided Poland" in the 19th century was the territory of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and each ruling power administered transport in their sector. After the independence of the Second Polish Republic was declared on 11 November 1918, the Polish state administered its own railways until control was surrendered to German and Soviet occupiers during World War II.

During and after World War II major territorial changes were made again, with the Polish borders shifted westward in 1945, putting many German railways under Polish control and leaving several Polish ones in the East.

Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny Śląsk [ˈɡurnɨ ˈɕlɔ̃sk] ⓘ ; Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Czech: Horní Slezsko; German: Oberschlesien [ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən] ⓘ ; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Latin: Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy).
Allen Creek (Haliburton County)
Allen Creek (French: ruisseau Allen) is a stream in the municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. It is a tributary of Benoir Lake and is in the Ottawa River drainage basin.

Haliburton County
Haliburton is a county of Ontario, Canada, known as a tourist and cottage area in Central Ontario for its scenery and for its resident artists. Minden Hills is the county seat. Haliburton County and the village of Haliburton are named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, author, statesman, and the first chairman of the Canadian Land and Emigration Company.

The county borders Algonquin Provincial Park on the north.
Dunedin-Waitati Highway
Dunedin–Waitati Highway (SH 1), formerly (and currently in official land-use planning contexts) called Dunedin Northern Motorway, is a two-to-four-lane limited-access road which provides the main route north from the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. Opened on 14 December 1957, it superseded the narrow and winding routes via Port Chalmers and Mount Cargill. The road is occasionally briefly closed by snowfall in winter.

Port Chalmers
Port Chalmers (Māori: Kōpūtai) is a town serving as the main port of the city of Dunedin, New Zealand. Port Chalmers lies 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) inside Otago Harbour, some 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Dunedin's city centre.
John Vachon
John Felix Vachon (May 19, 1914 – April 20, 1975) was an American photographer. Vachon is remembered most for his photography working for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) as part of the New Deal and for contributions to Look magazine.

United States Office of War Information
The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was a United States government agency created during World War II. The OWI operated from June 1942 until September 1945. Through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media, the OWI was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. The office also established several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. From 1942 to 1945, the OWI reviewed film scripts, flagging material which portrayed the United States in a negative light, including anti-war sentiment.
Xavier Robilliard
Xavier Robilliard (born 13 June 1967) is a retired French high jumper.

He competed at the 1993 World Championships without reaching the final. Robilliard became French champion in 1993 and French indoor champion in 1992. His personal best was 2.28 metres, achieved in July 1993 in Vénissieux.

Vénissieux
Vénissieux (French pronunciation: [venisjø] ⓘ; Arpitan: Veniciô or Vènissiœx [və.ni.ˈʃy] in the Lyonnais dialect) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) is a molecular biology reagent.   This compound is a molecular mimic of allolactose, a lactose metabolite that triggers transcription of the lac operon, and it is therefore used to induce protein expression where the gene is under the control of the lac operator.

Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lac (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars. The compound is a white, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic solid with a mildly sweet taste. It is used in the food industry.
Copacabana (musical)
Copacabana, also known as Barry Manilow's Copacabana, is a 1994 stage musical with music by Barry Manilow, lyrics by Bruce Sussman and Jack Feldman, and book by Manilow, Sussman and Feldman. The show had its roots in an hour-long stage show, Barry Manilow Presents Copacabana, which played in Atlantic City in 1990 and 1991. The stage show was based on the 1985 musical TV film of the same name, in turn based on Manilow's 1978 hit song of the same title, which was co-written by Manilow, Sussman and Feldman. The full-length musical, which added a present-day framing device and many additional songs, premiered in the United Kingdom in 1994 and later toured the United States. A cast album of the musical was released in 1994, titled Copacabana: Original London Cast Recording.

Frame story
A frame story (also known as a frame tale, framing device, frame narrative, sandwich narrative, or intercalation) is a literary technique that serves as a companion piece to a story within a story, where an introductory or main narrative sets the stage either for a more emphasized second narrative or for a set of shorter stories. The frame story leads readers from a first story into one or more other stories within it. The frame story may also be used to inform readers about aspects of the secondary narrative(s) that may otherwise be hard to understand. This should not be confused with narrative structure. Notable examples are the 1001 Nights and The Decameron.
Raf-Saperra
Adeel Sardar Khan (born 25 October 1992), known professionally as Raf-Saperra, is a British Pakistani rapper and singer known for producing Punjabi music. Saperra is known for combining modern hip-hop with Punjabi bhangra and promoting the culture of West Punjab compared to East Punjab, with the latter traditionally dominating the modern Punjabi music industry.

Saperra rose to fame in 2022 with the release of his single, "Modern Mirza," which was filmed in the Walled City of Lahore, revitalizing old Punjabi folk stories with a modern twist.

Saperra's music style involves a fusion of Bhangra, UK garage, Afrobeats, Qawwali, hip-hop, and Hindustani classical music.

Music of Punjab
The music of Punjab reflects the traditions of the Punjab region associated with Punjabi language. Punjab is region of the Indian subcontinent currently divided into two parts: eastern Punjab, in India and western Punjab in Pakistan. The Punjab has diverse styles of music, ranging from folk and Sufi to classical, notably the Patiala gharana. Contemporary Punjabi music has tended to include more modern hip-hop and R&B sounds. While this style of music is most popular in Punjab, it has seen popularity across the subcontinent and areas with large Punjabi diaspora populations, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Acoustic Control Corporation
Acoustic Control Corporation was a manufacturer of instrument amplifiers, founded by Steve Marks (with the help of his father) and based in Van Nuys, California. Its original location was a shack on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, California.

Van Nuys
Van Nuys (/væn ˈnaɪz/ ⓘ van NYZE) is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, United States. Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building, it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley.
German Taurus controversy
The German Taurus controversy refers to an ongoing political controversy starting in Summer 2023 surrounding the delivery of Bundeswehr Taurus cruise missiles to Ukraine. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine began in 2022, the Ukrainian government asked Germany in 2023 to deliver the German-Swedish air-to-ground cruise missiles. In Spring 2024, the majority of the government and parliament, as well as many surveyed sections of the population, spoke out against the delivery of Taurus missiles to Ukraine.

Air-to-ground weaponry
Air-to-ground weaponry is aircraft ordnance used by combat aircraft to attack ground targets. The weapons include bombs, machine guns, autocannons, air-to-surface missiles, rockets, air-launched cruise missiles and grenade launchers.
Lincoln Sea
The Lincoln Sea (French: Mer de Lincoln; Danish: Lincolnhavet) is a body of water in the Arctic Ocean, stretching from Cape Columbia, Canada, in the west to Cape Morris Jesup, Greenland, in the east. The northern limit is defined as the great circle line between those two headlands. It is covered with sea ice throughout the year, the thickest sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, which can be up to 15 m (49 ft) thick. Water depths range from 100 m (330 ft) to 300 m (980 ft). Water and ice from Lincoln Sea empty into Robeson Channel, the northernmost part of Nares Strait, most of the time.

The sea was named after Robert Todd Lincoln, then United States Secretary of War, on Adolphus W. Greely's 1881–1884 Arctic expedition into Lady Franklin Bay.

Alert, the northernmost station of Canada, is the only populated place on the shore of the Lincoln Sea.

The body of water to the east of Lincoln Sea (east of Cape Morris Jesup) is the Wandel Sea.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
Gymnastics at the 2009 World Games
Gymnastics at the World Games 2009.

Gymnastics has been part of all World Games. Among the disciplines, there are rhythmic gymnastics, trampolining and tumbling as well as acrobatics and aerobics. Artistic gymnastics are not contested at the World Games because all of its disciplines have always been Olympic sports.

Aerobic gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics or sport aerobics is a competitive sport originating from traditional aerobics in which complex, high-intensity movement patterns and elements of varying difficulty are performed to music. It is governed by World Gymnastics. The FIG designs the Code of Points governing the sport and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations.
Knoxville, California
Knoxville is an unincorporated community in Napa County, California. It lies at an elevation of 1322 feet (403 m).  Knoxville is located 23 miles (37 km) north-northeast of Saint Helena.

The Knoxville post office opened in 1863, moved in 1904 and 1907, and closed permanently in 1912. The name commemorates Ranar B. Knox, owner of a local mine and first post master.

Knoxville was a mercury mining district in the 1860s and 1870s.  It declined in the late nineteenth century, only to temporarily bounce back during the World Wars as the need for mercury in detonating devices increased.  While a school, post office, and mill once stood at the site, by 1979 only the derelict store remained.

The Knoxville area is now a popular site for off-highway vehicle recreation, with dozens of miles of former mining trails.

Off-road vehicle
An off-road vehicle (ORV), also known as an off-highway vehicle (OHV), overland vehicle or adventure vehicle, is a type of transportation specifically engineered to navigate unpaved roads and surfaces. These include trails, forest roads, and other low-traction terrains. Off-road vehicles are widely used in various contexts, from recreational activities to practical applications like agriculture and construction. Events such as the annual Dakar Rally, which spans multiple countries and challenges participants with diverse and extreme terrains, have brought significant attention to these vehicles.
2001 World Mountain Running Trophy
The 2001 World Mountain Running Championships was the 17th edition of the global mountain running competition, World Mountain Running Championships, organised by the World Mountain Running Association.

Mountain running
Mountain running is a sports discipline which takes place mainly off-road in mountainous terrain, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used. In this it differs from fell running; its courses are more clearly marked and avoid dangerous sections. It is a form of trail running if it is run on unpaved surfaces. Mountain running is a combination of running, jogging, and walking, depending on how steep the trail is.

It is recognized by World Athletics and governed by the World Mountain Running Association, which has been organising world championships since 1985.
2012 League of Ireland Cup final
The 2012 League of Ireland Cup final also known as the 2012 EA Sports Cup Final was the final match of the 2012 League of Ireland Cup, the 39th season of the League of Ireland Cup, a football competition for the 27 teams from the Premier Division, First Division, A Championship and the Ulster Senior League.

The final was played on Saturday, 22 September 2012 in Tallaght Stadium, Dublin.
The match was televised live by Setanta Sports.
If the scores were level after 90 minutes of play, then extra-time of 30 minutes duration would have been played, followed by a penalty shoot-out, if required to determine the winners of the cup.

The match was won 3-1 by Drogheda.

League of Ireland Cup
The League of Ireland Cup, also referred to in Ireland as the 'League Cup', was an annual knockout competition in men's football in Ireland. It was contested by League of Ireland clubs and invited clubs from the lower levels of the Irish football league system. It has been sponsored by Electronic Arts and branded the EA Sports Cup since 2009.

The competition began in 1973–74, replacing the League of Ireland Shield and the Dublin City Cup. It has had several formats since its inception and has been a knock-out competition since 2005. As there was no European qualification for winners of the League of Ireland Cup, it had a lower status than the FAI Cup and was therefore seen as the third most important trophy in the Irish playing season.

The competition was not held in 2020 and 2021 as a result of delays and restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and has yet to resume being held as of 2025.
Justin Salter
Justin Salter (born August 6, 1984) is an American musician, drummer, film composer, and record producer. He is best known as the former drummer from the American rock band Scary Kids Scaring Kids. He went on to engineer and assist for many other artists and producers including Alicia Keys, Aaliyah, Snoop Dogg, Lil' Wayne, Jonas Brothers, Young MC, Talib Kweli, Mark McKenzie, John Fields and Andraé Crouch. He recently composed the original score for the film documentary The Vision of Paolo Soleri: Prophet in the Desert, the soundtrack for the film features music by Thirty Seconds to Mars, Andrea Bocelli and CKY . He also recently produced and wrote music for the America's Got Talent star Anna Graceman.

He lives in Los Angeles, California and is currently writing and producing songs for his new projects American rock band Across The Great Divide & The Constellation Program.

Talib Kweli
Talib Kweli Greene (/tæˈlɪb kwɑːˈliː/; born October 3, 1975) is an American rapper. He is one half of the hip-hop duo Black Star, which he formed in 1997 with fellow Brooklyn rapper Mos Def. Their 1998 single, "Definition", entered the Billboard Hot 100 and preceded their eponymous debut album (1998), which entered the Billboard 200. The duo then began pursuing solo careers, although one further Black Star album — No Fear of Time (2022) — has been released.

In 2011, Kweli founded his own record label, Javotti Media.
Crack-Up (1946 film)
Crack-Up is a 1946 American film noir starring Pat O'Brien, Claire Trevor and Herbert Marshall.  It was directed by Irving Reis, who had directed many films of the  Falcon franchise in the early 1940s. The drama is based on "Madman's Holiday", a short story written by mystery writer Fredric Brown.

Claire Trevor
Claire Trevor (née Wemlinger; March 8, 1910 – April 8, 2000) was an American actress. She appeared in 65 feature films from 1933 to 1982, winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Key Largo (1948), and received nominations for her roles in The High and the Mighty (1954) and Dead End (1937). Trevor received top billing, ahead of John Wayne, for Stagecoach (1939).
Galena River (Indiana)
The Galena River is an 8.5-mile-long (13.7 km) stream in northern Indiana in the United States.  It rises in the northeast corner of Springfield Township, about 5 miles (8 km) north of LaPorte in LaPorte County and flows northeast. Just after it crosses the state boundary into Three Oaks Township in Berrien County, Michigan, it is joined from the east by Spring Creek to form the South Branch Galien River. After becoming the Galien River in Michigan, the river ultimately flows to Lake Michigan in New Buffalo.

LaPorte County, Indiana
LaPorte County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 112,417. The county seat is the city of La Porte, and the largest city is Michigan City. This county is part of the Northwest Indiana and Michiana regions of the Chicago metropolitan area. The LaPorte County Courthouse is located in the county seat of La Porte and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Sageika
Sageika (Greek: Σαγέικα, also: Σαγαίικα - Sagaiika) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Movri, western Achaea, Greece. It is located in the plains between the Movri hills and the Gulf of Patras. It is 3 km west of Kareika, 6 km east of Metochi, 9 km southwest of Kato Achaia and 28 km southwest of Patras. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos) runs through the village.

Sageika was the seat of the municipality of Movri, named for the Movri hills south of the village. The municipality was created under the Kapodistrias reform in 1998. The community Sageika consists of the villages Sageika, Apostoloi, Bouteika, Vrachneika, Gerouseika and Stathmos.

Kapodistrias reform
Kapodistrias reform (Greek: Σχέδιο Καποδίστριας, "Kapodistrias Plan") is the common name of law 2539 of Greece, which reorganised the country's administrative divisions. The law, named after 19th-century Greek statesman (Ioannis Kapodistrias), passed the Hellenic Parliament in 1997, and was implemented in 1998. The administrative system was changed again at the 2010 Kallikratis reform.
Všemina
Všemina is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

Všemina lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Zlín and 265 km (165 mi) east of Prague.

Zlín Region
Zlín Region (Czech: Zlínský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. It is named after its capital Zlín. Together with the Olomouc Region, it forms a cohesion area of Central Moravia. It is located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, where the borders with Slovakia (Trenčín and Žilina Regions) are formed by its eastern edge. It borders the South Moravian Region in the southwest, the Olomouc Region in the northwest, and the Moravian-Silesian Region in the north. Culturally, the region is composed of parts of three traditional Moravian regions: Haná, the Moravian Slovakia, and the Moravian Wallachia, as the city of Zlín lies roughly at their tripoint.
8-demicubic honeycomb
The 8-demicubic honeycomb, or demiocteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 8-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 8-cubic honeycomb.

It is composed of two different types of facets. The 8-cubes become alternated into 8-demicubes h{4,3,3,3,3,3,3}  and the alternated vertices create 8-orthoplex {3,3,3,3,3,3,4} facets .

8-cube
In geometry, an 8-cube is an eight-dimensional hypercube. It has 256 vertices, 1024 edges, 1792 square faces, 1792 cubic cells, 1120 tesseract 4-faces, 448 5-cube 5-faces, 112 6-cube 6-faces, and 16 7-cube 7-faces.

It is represented by Schläfli symbol {4,36}, being composed of 3 7-cubes around each 6-face. It is called an octeract, a portmanteau of tesseract (the 4-cube) and oct for eight (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular hexadeca-8-tope or hexadecazetton, being an 8-dimensional polytope constructed from 16 regular facets.

It is a part of an infinite family of polytopes, called hypercubes. The dual of an 8-cube can be called an 8-orthoplex and is a part of the infinite family of cross-polytopes.
Ordynsky District
Ordynsky District (Russian: Ордынский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,748 square kilometers (1,833 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Ordynskoye. Population: 36,708 (2010 Census);  39,209 (2002 Census); 38,231 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ordynskoye accounts for 27.9% of the district's total population.

Novosibirsk Oblast
Novosibirsk Oblast (Russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, romanized: Novosibirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative and economic center is the city of Novosibirsk, the third-largest city in the country. As of the 2021 Census, Novosibirsk Oblast had a population of 2,797,176 with the majority, 1.63 million, lives in Novosibirsk.