hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medcouple
In statistics, the medcouple is a robust statistic that measures the skewness of a univariate distribution.  It is defined as a scaled median difference between the left and right half of a distribution. Its robustness makes it suitable for identifying outliers in adjusted boxplots. Ordinary box plots do not fare well with skew distributions, since they label the longer unsymmetrical tails as outliers. Using the medcouple, the whiskers of a boxplot can be adjusted for skew distributions and thus have a more accurate identification of outliers for non-symmetrical distributions.

As a kind of order statistic, the medcouple belongs to the class of incomplete generalised L-statistics. Like the ordinary median or mean, the medcouple is a nonparametric statistic, thus it can be computed for any distribution.

Univariate distribution
In statistics, a univariate distribution is a probability distribution of only one random variable. This is in contrast to a multivariate distribution, the probability distribution of a random vector (consisting of multiple random variables).
Crozzon di Lares
The Crozzon di Lares is a mountain in Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy. It is located in Val Rendena, Province of Trento.

Its summit was conquered for the first time by a young Bohemian climber, Julius von Payer, along with Coronna, Gries and Hayer, on 3 September 1868; on the same day they also reached the nearby Corno di Cavento.

It was the theater of bitter fighting during World War I; held by Austro-Hungarian troops, it was captured by the Alpini on 29 April 1916. Remains of soldiers killed in World War I are sometimes found by mountaineers due to the melting of the nearby glacier.

Val Rendena
46°06′54″N 10°45′13″E﻿ / ﻿46.1149°N 10.7536°E﻿ / 46.1149; 10.7536

Val Rendena (German: Randental) is the valley of the Sarca river in Trentino, northern Italy. The valley is part of the Giudicarie.
Main towns include Spiazzo Rendena and Pinzolo.
Kwa Sani Local Municipality
Kwa Sani Local Municipality was an administrative area in the Harry Gwala of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.

Kwa Sani is an isiZulu name. "Kwa" means "at" and "Sani" means "San people". The name was chosen because it was easy to pronounce for overseas visitors to the World Heritage Site of uKhahlamba.

After the municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged with Ingwe Local Municipality into the new Dr Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma Local Municipality.

Zulu language
Zulu (/ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo), or isiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in, and indigenous to, Southern Africa with about 13.56 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The word "KwaZulu-Natal" translates into English as "Home of the Zulu Nation is Natal". Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994.

According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet.

In South African English, the language is often referred to in its native form, isiZulu.
Olmec Head, Number 8
Olmec Head, Number 8 is a 7-foot (2.1-meter) tall outdoor colossal head sculpture on the east side of the north entrance to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois, created by Mexican sculptor Ignacio Pérez Solano (1931-2021). A plaque on the site of the statue says it was a gift of the government of the State of Verazcruz, Mexico, to the people of Chicago, on October 21, 2003.

It is one of several reproductions of San Lorenzo Colossol Head 8, which is now in the Xalapa Museum of Anthropology in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.

Xalapa
Xalapa or Jalapa (English: /həˈlɑːpə/, Spanish: [xaˈlapa] ⓘ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (IPA: [xaˈlapa enˈrikes]), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the municipality of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531. The municipality has an area of 118.45 km2. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.
CORDA (company)
CORDA is a small analysis and management consultancy company, owned by BAE Systems and based in Farnborough.  It provides evidence-based decision support to BAE Systems, government departments, and other commercial organisations.

Operation Granby
Operation Granby, commonly abbreviated Op Granby, was the code name given to the British military operations during the 1991 Gulf War.  53,462 members of the British Armed Forces were deployed during the conflict. Forty-seven British personnel were killed during Op Granby and many more were injured during the hostilities there. The total cost of operations was £2.434 billion (1992), of which at least £2.049 billion was paid for by other nations such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. £200 million of equipment was lost or written off.
Gary Marsh
Gary Marsh is an executive who was President and Chief Creative Officer for Disney Branded Television, where he used to develop and produce Disney Channel Original Series, Disney Channel Original Movies, and Disney Junior Series (formerly Playhouse Disney). He also oversaw talent and casting operations for Disney Channel.

Chief creative officer
The title Chief Creative Officer (CCO) typically describes the highest-ranking position of a creative team within a media company. Depending on the type of company, this position may be responsible for the overall look and feel of marketing, media, and branding associated with the organization. The CCO may also be charged with managing, developing, and leading one or multiple teams of creative directors, art directors, designers, and copywriters. They may also have charge over long-term planning related to intellectual property owned by the company, as in the case of Marvel Comics/Marvel Studios, DC Comics/DC Studios, or the WWE.
Infinite-dimensional optimization
In certain optimization problems the unknown optimal solution might not be a number or a vector, but rather a continuous quantity, for example a function or the shape of a body. Such a problem is an infinite-dimensional optimization problem, because, a continuous quantity cannot be determined by a finite number of certain degrees of freedom.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
National Challenge School
A National Challenge School was a school in the United Kingdom that had failed to conform with standards imposed by OFSTED, and rather than being closed and the pupils displaced, was taken over by the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) who set an improvement agenda.

The scheme was an initiative of schools secretary Ed Balls in June 2008, during Gordon Brown's Labour administration. 631 secondary schools where less than 30% of students achieved five A*-Cs in GCSEs including English and maths were named. Ed Balls said "the government would get all schools past that benchmark by 2011" and announced a £400m-plus budget. Each school was given an adviser, and encouragement to join with stronger schools, to form a trust, or become an academy.

Department for Children, Schools and Families
Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) was a department of the UK government, between 2007 and 2010, responsible for issues affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including child protection and education. DCSF was replaced by the Department for Education after the change of government following the 2010 General Election.

The department was led by the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families.

The expenditure, administration and policy of the department was scrutinised by the Children, Schools and Families Select Committee.
Mineral lick
A mineral lick (also known as a salt lick) is a place where animals can go to lick essential mineral nutrients from a deposit of salts and other minerals. Mineral licks  can be naturally occurring or artificial (such as blocks of salt that farmers place in pastures for livestock to lick). Natural licks are common, and they provide essential elements such as phosphorus and the biometals (sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, and trace elements) required for bone, muscle and other growth in herbivorous mammals such as deer, moose, elephants, hippos, rhinos, giraffes, zebras, wildebeests, tapirs, woodchucks, fox squirrels, mountain goats, porcupines, and frugivorous bats. Such licks are especially important in ecosystems such as tropical rainforests and grasslands with poor general availability of nutrients. Harsh weather exposes salty mineral deposits that draw animals from miles away for a taste of needed nutrients. It is thought that certain fauna can detect calcium in salt licks.

Trace element
A trace element is a chemical element of a minute quantity, a trace amount, especially used in referring to a micronutrient, but is also used to refer to minor elements in the composition of a rock, or other chemical substance.

In nutrition, trace elements are classified into two groups: essential trace elements, and non-essential trace elements. Essential trace elements are needed for many physiological and biochemical processes in both plants and animals. Not only do trace elements play a role in biological processes but they also serve as catalysts to engage  in redox – oxidation and reduction mechanisms. Trace elements of some heavy metals have a biological role as essential micronutrients.
Postal codes in Namibia
After 28 years without a postal code system in Namibia, the national postal service provider NamPost introduced new postal codes in December 2018.

They consist of five digits, where the first two indicate the region, the last two the post office and the third digit is always a 0.

Address format examples

Regions of Namibia
Namibia uses regions as its first-level subnational administrative divisions. Since 2013, it has 14 regions which in turn are subdivided into 121 constituencies.

Upon Namibian independence, the pre-existing subdivisions from the South African administration were taken over. Since then, demarcations and numbers of regions and constituencies of Namibia are tabled by delimitation commissions and accepted or declined by the National Assembly.

In 1992, the 1st Delimitation Commission, chaired by Judge President Johan Strydom, proposed that Namibia should be divided into 13 regions. The suggestion was approved in the lower house, The National Assembly. In 2014, the 4th Delimitation Commission amended the number of regions to fourteen.

The most urbanised and economically active regions are the Khomas and Erongo region, with Khomas home to the capital, Windhoek, and Erongo home to Walvis Bay and Swakopmund.

The table below shows statistics from the 2023 Population and Housing Census:
Orgosolo
Orgosolo (Sardinian: Orgòsolo) is a comune (municipality) located in the Province of Nuoro, in the autonomous region of Sardinia, at about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Nuoro. 
The municipality is famous for its murals. These political paintings can be found on walls all over Orgosolo. Since about 1969, the murals reflect different aspects of Sardinia's political struggles but also deal with international issues.

Vittorio De Seta's movie Banditi a Orgosolo (1961) focuses on the past way of life in central Sardinia and on the phenomenon of "Banditry" in the region. At one time Orgosolo was known as the "village of the murderers" due to its high crime rate. Bandits of the surrounding mountains used the church door to post notices of death sentence passed on their enemies.

Banditry
Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence. A person who engages in banditry is known as a bandit and primarily commits crimes such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, either as an individual or in groups. Banditry is a vague concept of criminality and in modern usage can be synonymous with gangsterism, brigandage, marauding, terrorism, piracy, and thievery.
John Murray (archdeacon of Dublin)
John Desmond Murray (1916–2005) was an Irish Anglican priest: he was Archbishop's Archdeacon in the Province of Dublin from 1973 to 1982.

Murray was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1939.  After three curacies in Dublin, he was a Minor Canon at St Patrick's Cathedral in the same city. He was the Incumbent at Powerscourt from 1949 to 1953; a Naval Chaplain from 1953 to 1955; at Dalkey from 1955 to 1970; and at Milltown from 1970 to 1982.

Minor canon
A minor canon  is a member of staff on the establishment of a cathedral or a collegiate church. In at least one foundation the post may be known as "priest-vicar".

Minor canons are clergy and take part in the daily services but are not part of the formal chapter. They are sometimes, but not exclusively, more junior clergy, often chosen for their singing ability, who have already served a curacy, normally in a  church.
David Guggenheim
David Guggenheim is an American screenwriter, producer, and novelist.

He is best known for writing the 2012 films Safe House and Stolen, as well as creating and writing for the 2016 television series Designated Survivor.

In 2013, the film rights to a suspense novel published by Little, Brown and Company that Guggenheim co-wrote with Nicholas Mennuti entitled Weaponized, were purchased by Bluegrass Films and Guggenheim was attached as screenwriter. He also worked on an earlier draft of Bad Boys for Life, and the screenplays for Uncharted and the upcoming film Narco Sub.

His older brothers are screenwriters Marc Guggenheim and Eric Guggenheim.

In 2019, Guggenheim joined other WGA writers in firing their agents as part of the WGA's stand against the ATA and the practice of packaging.

In 2023, Guggenheim announced that he would once again join with the WGA in the 2023 writers strike.

Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston. It publishes works by American authors. Early lists featured Emily Dickinson's poetry and Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. Since 2006, Little, Brown and Company is a division of the Hachette Book Group.
Brierley Hill Urban District
Brierley Hill Urban District was an Urban District in Staffordshire, England, comprising the areas of Brierley Hill, Kingswinford, Quarry Bank, and Pensnett, now within the modern-day Dudley Metropolitan Borough in the West Midlands county.

Brierley Hill became an urban district in 1894 under the Local Government Act. Previously, it had been an urban sanitary authority within the parish of Kingswinford. It was greatly expanded in 1934, when it took in the Quarry Bank and Kingswinford districts. It remained an independent urban district until 1966, when it was merged into the Dudley County Borough under the advice of the Local Government Commission for England.

Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967)
The Local Government Commission for England was established by the Local Government Act 1958 to review the organisation of local government, and make "such proposals as are hereinafter authorised for effecting changes appearing to the Commissions desirable in the interests of effective and convenient local government". Most of the commission's proposals failed to reach consensus and were not implemented, and the body was dissolved in 1967.
Margaret Cullington
Margaret Cullington (1885–1925) was an American actress. Born in New Rochelle, New York, she was an overlooked character player who made her debut in 1916 doing shorts for Universal and supporting George Ovey in Cub Comedies, sometimes with her first husband, Louis Fitzroy. She played with him in A Merry Mix-up (1916) and Jerry's Strategem (1916). She soon appeared in features like Betty Takes a Hand (1918), Wolves of the Border (1923), and Excitement. She worked mostly in short comedies, and she worked on a regular basis in Christie Comedies and Reggie Morris Speed Comedies for Arrow. Her only major starring role was as Maggie in the three Bringing Up Father two reelers by Al Christies, which were produced in 1920. She died on 18 July 1925. According to her Variety obituary, her second husband, Lieutenant William Fowler, was killed in a plane crash three years before. The obituary said his death led to hers. She left a fourteen-year-old son.

Reggie Morris
James Reginald "Reggie" Morris (June 25, 1886 – February 16, 1928) was an American actor, director, and screenwriter of the silent era. He appeared in 46 films between 1913 and 1918. He also directed 40 films between 1917 and 1927. He was born in New Jersey.

In 1916, Morris eloped with May Repetto, a tobacco heiress from St. Louis. Repetto reportedly travelled to Los Angeles to meet Morris after seeing him in a film.

In 1928, Morris died suddenly in his bed in Los Angeles, California. His body was found by actress Linda Loredo, who was called for questioning after Morris's death.
The New Testament (The Truth)
The New Testament (The Truth) is the second studio album by American rapper Suga Free. It was released on March 2, 2004 via Bungalo/Universal Records. Production was handled by DJ Quik, Big Saccs, Fastlane, Frank Nitty, Hi-C and DJ Koki. It features guest appearances from Cash Flow, Bigg Steele, Chingy, Hi-C and Kokane. It peaked at number 72 on the US Billboard 200 and at number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Hi-C (rapper, born 1973)
Crawford Wilkerson (born December 2, 1973) better known by his stage name Hi-C, is an American rapper from Compton, California. He is known for his collaborations with DJ Quik, AMG and 2nd II None. He was also a member of the Tree Top Piru.
Rachel Jordan
Rachel Jordan (born 8 May 1968) is a British artist and has been a frequent guest exhibitor with the Stuckists. For Stuckist shows she created satirical figurative paintings; however, her main body of work is abstract paintings and drawings, alluding to cellular forms.

Tate Britain
Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in England, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Founded by Sir Henry Tate, it houses a substantial collection of the art of the United Kingdom since Tudor times, and in particular has large holdings of the works of J. M. W. Turner, who bequeathed all his own collection to the nation. It is one of the largest museums in the country. In 2021, it ranked 50th on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.
Devil's Tramping Ground
35°35′05″N 79°29′12″W﻿ / ﻿35.584811°N 79.486658°W﻿ / 35.584811; -79.486658

The Devil's Tramping Ground (alternately Devil's Stomping Ground) is a camping spot located in a forest near the Harper's Crossroads area in Bear Creek, North Carolina. It has been the subject of persistent local legends and lore, which frequently allege that the Devil "tramps" and haunts a barren circle of ground in which nothing is supposed to grow. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

Bear Creek, Chatham County, North Carolina
Bear Creek is an unincorporated community in southwestern Chatham County, North Carolina, United States. It is named for a nearby creek that eventually flows into the Rocky River. The community lies along Old US Highway 421 and is situated between Siler City and Goldston.  The ZIP Code for Bear Creek is 27207.

Bear Creek is home to Chatham Central High School, one of four high schools in the county. It is also home to Southern Supreme, a mail-order gourmet foods company best known for manufacturing fruitcakes. Bear Creek is also known for its vast farmland, including many commercial chicken farms.
Philippe Barrès
Philippe Barrès (8 July 1896, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine – 14 April 1975) was a French journalist and the son of Maurice Barrès.

He fought in World War I. 
He was a member of the editorial staff of the right-wing newspaper Le Nouveau siècle founded on 26 February 1925, along with Georges Valois, Jacques Arthuys and Hubert Bourgin.
He was a member of the short-lived Fascist party the Faisceau in the late 1920s.
During World War II, he lived in the United States and wrote for French language journals. He represented the Rally of the French People (RPF) in the National Assembly from 1951 to 1955. His son Claude Barrès joined the Free French Forces.

Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [nøji syʁ sɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France, if Neuilly is grouped together with the city's adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.
Racaniello
The Racaniello or Racani family was a prominent family of Umbrian origin which provided a number of administrators in Todi.

One branch of the family was established in Apulia in 1412 in the service of bishop Dondei of Bari.

In 1405 another part of the family came under the protection of the Albizzi. On their behalf Ludovico Racaniello, a captain of
Montecchio, today a frazione of Castiglion Fiorentino, acted as Procurator of Arezzo in 1419.

Montecchio Vesponi
Montecchio Vesponi is a small village part of the municipality of Castiglion Fiorentino, province of Arezzo. Located 4km south of Castiglion Fiorentino, it lies on a hill at the bottom of the Chio valley, 364m above sea level. There are about 1200 inhabitants.

The village is home to the Montecchio Vesponi castle.
Conemaugh Generating Station
The Conemaugh Generating Station is a 1,872 MW baseload coal-powered plant located on 1,750 acres (710 ha), across the Conemaugh River from New Florence in Western Pennsylvania. Track 3 of the Norfolk Southern Pittsburgh line runs next to the power plant.

The power plant will close by or before December 31, 2028, as a result of a new federal wastewater rule that prohibits coal power plants from dumping toxic elements such as mercury, arsenic, and selenium into streams and rivers, along with the Keystone Generating Station and at least 24 other power plants in 14 states.

New Florence, Pennsylvania
New Florence is a borough that is located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, New Florence had a population of 671.

It is also one of three communities within the county to use the 814 area code, alongside St. Clair and Seward.