hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Borzysław-Kolonia
Borzysław-Kolonia [bɔˈʐɨswaf kɔˈlɔɲa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Tychowo, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Białogard, and 120 km (75 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Tychowo
Tychowo [tɨˈxɔvɔ] (Kashubian: Tëchòwò; German: Groß Tychow) is a town in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Tychowo. The town has an approximate population of 2,500.

Tychowo is a place with early medieval origins. It is known as the location of Trygław, the largest glacial erratic in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, and the location of a German-operated prisoner-of-war camp for Allied airmen of various nationalities during World War II.
Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand
The COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand has had far-reaching consequences on the country that went beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to eliminate it, including education, faith communities, Māori, mass gatherings, sports, recreation, and travel. In addition, there were several recorded cases of lockdown violations, leaks, and misinformation about the COVID-19 virus and vaccines.

Stuart Nash
Stuart Alexander Nash (born August 1967) is a New Zealand politician and lawyer. He was a member of the House of Representatives for Labour Party from 2008 to 2011, and was re-elected in 2014 election as a representative of Napier electorate. In October 2017 when Jacinda Ardern became Prime Minister of New Zealand, Nash entered Labour Cabinet, with a portfolios of Police, Revenue, Small Business and Fisheries. In the second Ardern term Nash was handed the Economic Development, Tourism, Forestry, and Small Business portfolios. In early April 2023, Nash confirmed that he would not be contesting the 2023 election.

Nash is the great-grandson of Sir Walter Nash, 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand in the Second Labour Government from 1957 to 1960.
Gary Williams (English cricketer)
Gary Douglas Williams (born 1 September 1965) is a former English cricketer.  Williams was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Wolverhampton, Staffordshire.

Williams made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Staffordshire in 1990 against Cumberland.  From 1990 to 1991, he represented the county in 6 Championship matches, the last of which came against Durham. Williams also represented the county in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Oxfordshire in 1990.  From 1990 to 1991, he represented the county in 3 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Oxfordshire. Williams also represented the county in a single List A match against Northamptonshire in the 1991 NatWest Trophy.

In 2000, he represented the Worcestershire Cricket Board in a single List A match against the Kent Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy.

Oxfordshire County Cricket Club
Oxfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Oxfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Oxfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Galley Head Lighthouse
The Galley Head Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse outside of Rosscarbery, County Cork, on the south coast of Ireland.

The lighthouse is situated on Galley Head at the southern end of the headland known as Dundeady island at 133 feet above sea level, overlooking the Celtic Sea and two beaches, Red Strand to the east and the Long Strand to the west. The headland is cut off from the mainland by the ancient walls of the old Norman stronghold of Dun Deidi, an important fortress of the local O’Cowhig Clan.

Rosscarbery
Rosscarbery (Irish: Ros Ó gCairbre, meaning 'Cairbre's wood') is a village and census town in County Cork, Ireland. The village is on a shallow estuary, which opens onto Rosscarbery Bay. Rosscarbery is in the Cork South-West (Dáil Éireann) constituency, which has three seats.
The Battling Kangaroo
The Battling Kangaroo is an American two reel, slap stick silent comedy film directed by Jules White in 1926. Fox Film Corporation produced and distributed the film. Fox Film released it in the United States on December 5, 1926.

Sterling Holloway made his motion picture debut in this short film.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
CPN Tools
CPN Tools is a tool for editing, simulating, and analyzing high-level Petri nets. It supports basic Petri nets plus timed Petri nets and colored Petri nets. It has a simulator and a state space analysis tool is included.

CPN Tools is originally developed by the CPN Group at Aarhus University from 2000 to 2010. The main architects behind the tool are Kurt Jensen, Søren Christensen, Lars M. Kristensen, and Michael Westergaard. From the autumn of 2010, CPN Tools is transferred to the AIS group, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.

CPN Tools comprises two main components, a graphical editor and a backend simulator component.  The graphical editor is written in the academic language, BETA, and the simulator backend is written in the Standard ML variant SML/NJ.

In roughly 2010, CPN Tools maintenance ceased and was transferred to its successor project, CPN IDE.

Standard ML
Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, high-level, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular for writing compilers, for programming language research, and for developing theorem provers.

Standard ML is a modern dialect of ML, the language used in the Logic for Computable Functions (LCF) theorem-proving project. It is distinctive among widely used languages in that it has a formal specification, given as typing rules and operational semantics in The Definition of Standard ML, originally released in 1990, with a second and final revision being released in 1997.
Ben Hur (album)
Ben Hur is the second full-length and final album released by the American post-hardcore band Bitch Magnet. It was recorded after the departure of Bitch Magnet's added guitarist, David Gait, and features an appearance by the band's occasional guitarist, David Grubbs. Ben Hur was recorded by Louisville, Kentucky producer Howie Gano who had engineered albums by Grubbs' previous band, Squirrel Bait.

Squirrel Bait
Squirrel Bait was an American punk rock band from Louisville, Kentucky active from 1982 to 1988. Squirrel Bait's dense, moody, melodic hardcore sound, featuring pronounced tempo shifts, foreshadowed the grunge sound of the late 1980s as well as math rock. Squirrel Bait, along with Hüsker Dü, are often noted as precursors to the emocore ("emotional hardcore") sound that arose from the D.C. hardcore punk scene with bands like Rites of Spring, Beefeater and Fugazi.

Squirrel Bait signaled the second coming of American punk – bands of little brothers and sisters who got to grow up on Black Flag and Hüsker Dü without a preparatory course in Supertramp. ... Like a hundred other little Düs across the country, Squirrel Bait managed to make a couple of records before spintering off to form five more bands. Unlike most of that punk rock loam, the members of Squirrel Bait chewed up their legacy and shat out something curious and consequential.
Sagebrush scrub
Sagebrush scrub is a vegetation type (biome) of mid-to-high elevation Western United States deserts characterized by low-growing drought-resistant shrubs including the sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and its associates. It is the dominant vegetation type of the Great Basin Desert (Great Basin shrub steppe), occurs along the margins of the Mojave Desert, including in the southern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the Transverse Ranges, in California, and occurs in the Colorado Plateau and in the Canyonlands, where it may be referred to as cool desert shrub.

It often occurs adjacent to piñon-juniper woodland communities, between 4,000 and 7,000 feet elevation, where annual precipitation is 8"-15", much of it snow.

It sometimes occurs in pure stands of sagebrush or with associates that vary from region to region. Sagebrush scrub may occur as an understory of pinyon-juniper woodland.

Artemisia tridentata
Artemisia tridentata, commonly called big sagebrush, Great Basin sagebrush or simply sagebrush (one of several related species of this name), is an aromatic shrub from the family Asteraceae.

It grows in arid and semi-arid conditions, throughout a range of cold desert, steppe, and mountain habitats in the Intermountain West of North America. Big sagebrush and other Artemisia shrubs are the dominant plant species across large portions of the Great Basin.

Sagebrush provides food and habitat for a variety of species, such as sage grouse, pronghorn antelope, grey vireo, pygmy rabbit, and mule deer. Several major threats exist to sagebrush ecosystems, including human settlements, conversion to agricultural land, invasive plant species, and wildfires.

Native Americans have used the plant medicinally. It is also useful as firewood.
Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger
Dorothy Marie "Dottie" Metcalf-Lindenburger (born May 2, 1975) is a retired American astronaut. She was a science teacher at Hudson's Bay High School in Vancouver, Washington when she was selected in 2004 as an educator mission specialist. She was the first Space Camp alumna to become an astronaut.

Space Camp (United States)
Space Camp is an educational camp in Huntsville, Alabama, on the grounds of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center (USSRC) museum near NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. It provides educational programs for children and adults on topics such as space exploration, aviation, and robotics. It is run by the Alabama Space Science Exhibit Commission.
Col de Balme
The Col de Balme  (2,195 m) is a high mountain pass of the Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and France. It connects Trient in the Swiss canton of Valais to Argentière in the French department of Haute-Savoie. The pass lies between the summits of Tête de Balme and Les Grandes Otanes.

The Col de Balme lies on the Tour du Mont Blanc walk. A restaurant is located above the summit of the pass.

Tour du Mont Blanc
The Tour du Mont Blanc or TMB is one of the most popular long-distance walks in Europe.  It circles the Mont Blanc massif, covering a distance of roughly 165 kilometres (103 mi) with 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of ascent/descent and passing through parts of Switzerland, Italy and France.

It is considered one of the classic long-distance hiking trails. The circular route is normally walked in a counter-clockwise direction in 9-14 days. It is also the route of an annual ultramarathon, the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, which covers the entire distance at once with a time limit of 46 hours and 30 minutes.
Roberto Traven
Roberto "Spider" Traven (born September 16, 1968) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) Coral Belt  practitioner. He is a former ADCC Absolute Champion, IBJJF World Champion, and UFC veteran. Traven is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the global BJJ community, known for both his competitive achievements and his coaching legacy.

ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship
The ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship is an international submission grappling competition, organised by the Abu Dhabi Combat Club (ADCC). ADCC is considered one of the most prestigious No-Gi submission grappling tournaments in the world, and is commonly referred to as The Olympics of Grappling.

The inaugural tournament was held in Abu Dhabi, UAE in 1998 and is held every two years. Host countries have included Brazil, China, Finland, Spain, the UK, and the US. Competitors can only participate after winning ADCC trials or by invitation.
Nehrovo
Nehrovo (Ukrainian: Негрово; Hungarian: Maszárfalva; Slovak: Negrovo; Yiddish: נעגראָוואָ, romanized: Negrovo) is a village in Mukachevo Raion, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine. It is 11 miles southeast of Mukachevo, which is the nearest town with a substantial population. It is located in the Mukachevo Raion, but formerly administered under Irshava Raion.

Prior to 1918, the town was known as Maszarfalva, and was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Between 1918 and 1938, the town belonged to Czechoslovakia, and was named Negrovo. Proceeding the creation of the Soviet Union, the town was acquired as a territory of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and was created as Nehrovo, as it is known to this day, even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Mukachevo Raion
Mukachevo Raion (Ukrainian: Мукачівський район; Hungarian: Munkácsi járás) is a raion (district) of Zakarpattia Oblast (province) of Ukraine. Mukachevo is the administrative center of the raion. Its population is 251,145 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zakarpattia Oblast was reduced to six, and the area of Mukachevo Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 99,518 (2020 est.).

There are several alternative names used for this raion: Hungarian: Munkácsi járás, German: Rajon Mukatschewe, Russian: Мукачевский район, Slovak: Mukačevský rajón.

Residents in seven villages of the raion have the option to learn the Hungarian language in a school or home school environment.
Cadetes de San Martín
Cadetes de San Martín  is an Argentine football club, based in Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires Province.  The club currently plays at Liga Marplatense de Fútbol, the league where teams from General Pueyrredón Partido take part off

Cadetes had a brief run on Torneo Argentino C although the team was soon relegated to lower divisions.

General Pueyrredón Partido
General Pueyrredón Partido is a partido located on the Atlantic coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

The partido covers 1,453 km2 and has a population of 564,056 (2001 census [INDEC]), most of whom live in the large coastal resort of Mar del Plata.

The partido was created in 1879. The first mayor was Fortunato de la Plaza.
Greatest Hits Vol. 16
Greatest Hits Vol. 16 is a compilation album by the American rock band The Donnas, released in 2009 through Purple Feather Records, the band's independent record label. Despite its title, it is neither a greatest hits album nor the sixteenth volume in a series; rather, it is a collection of new material, B-sides, live recordings, previously unreleased tracks, and alternate versions and new recordings of songs from the band's back catalog, which together form a retrospective look at their career. The "Vol. 16" in the title refers to the album being released in the band's sixteenth year, the group having formed in 1993.

Retrospective
A retrospective (from Latin retrospectare, "look back"), generally, is a look back at events that took place, or works that were produced, in the past. As a noun, retrospective has specific meanings in software development, popular culture, and the arts. It is applied as an adjective, synonymous with the term retroactive, to laws, standards, and awards.
Combined forced and natural convection
In fluid thermodynamics, combined forced convection and natural convection, or mixed convection, occurs when natural convection and forced convection mechanisms act together to transfer heat. This is also defined as situations where both pressure forces and buoyant forces interact. How much each form of convection contributes to the heat transfer is largely determined by the flow, temperature, geometry, and orientation. The nature of the fluid is also influential, since the Grashof number increases in a fluid as temperature increases, but is maximized at some point for a gas.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Rafsanjani (surname)
Rafsanjani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former president of Iran and an influential Iranian politician

Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani, the third child of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Yasser Hashemi Rafsanjani, the fifth child of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Mehdi Hashemi Rafsanjani, the fourth child of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani, Iranian politician who has been a member of the Expediency Discernment Council

Nazanin Rafsanjani, contributor to episodes of This American Life

Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani
Faezeh Hashemi Bahramani, better known as Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: فائزه هاشمی رفسنجانی; born 7 January 1963) is an Iranian women's rights activist, politician and former journalist who served as a member of Iranian parliament from 1996 to 2000. She is also president of Executives of Construction Party women's league and the former editor-in-chief of Zan newspaper.

She is the daughter of the former president, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.
ACT Comets
The ACT Comets (also known as the Canberra Comets) are a cricket team that represent the Australian Capital Territory. The Comets are the premier team of the Cricket ACT who are affiliated with Cricket Australia.

Cricket Australia
Cricket Australia  (CA) is a company which operates some professional and amateur cricket competitions and teams in Australia. It had its origins in the 'Australian Board of Control for International Cricket', formed in 1905. The company was incorporated in 1982, with members' liability limited by guarantee.

It operates its men's Australia national cricket team, Australia women's national cricket team and Australia national under-19 cricket team, Australia A cricket team, along with other national-level teams (such as Indigenous, disability or over-age teams) in conjunction with the relevant organisations. It also organises and hosts Test matches, one day internationals and T20 internationals in association with other national cricket organisations, and schedules home international fixtures.

It deals with the Australian Cricketers' Association regarding player's rights, pay and work agreements and welfare requirements.
Software industry
The software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different business models, mainly either "license/maintenance based" (on-premises) or "Cloud based" (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, MBaaS, MSaaS, DCaaS etc.). The industry also includes software services, such as training, documentation, consulting and data recovery. The software and computer services industry spends more than 11% of its net sales for Research & Development which is in comparison with other industries the second highest share after pharmaceuticals & biotechnology.

Service (systems architecture)
In the contexts of software architecture, service-orientation and service-oriented architecture, the term service refers to a software functionality, or a set of software functionalities (such as the retrieval of specified information or the execution of a set of operations) with a purpose that different  clients can reuse for different purposes, together with the policies that should control its usage (based on the identity of the client requesting the service, for example).

OASIS defines a service as "a mechanism to enable access to one or more capabilities, where the access is provided using a prescribed interface and is exercised consistent with constraints and policies as specified by the service description".
North Coogee
North Coogee is a coastal, western suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Cockburn. The suburb is immediately to the north of Coogee, which takes its name from the lake, Lake Coogee, in the area, which translates to "Body of water" in the native Aboriginal Nyoongar language. Originally this lake was named Lake Munster after Prince William, the Earl of Munster, and later King William IV. The Aboriginal name Kou-gee was recorded in 1841 by Thomas Watson and has been variously spelt Koojee, Coojee and Coogee.

North Coogee was created on 19 December 2005 and incorporated portions of the surrounding suburbs of Hamilton Hill, Spearwood and Coogee.

Cockburn Sound
Cockburn Sound (Nyungar: Derbal Nara) is an inlet of the Indian Ocean on the coast of Western Australia.  It extends from the south of the mouth of the Swan River at Fremantle for about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to Point Peron near Rockingham. The total area of the sound is about 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi).

It is bounded on the east by the mainland council areas of Fremantle, Cockburn, Kwinana and Rockingham, on the west by Garden Island and Carnac Island, and includes several rocky outcrops and reefs. Gage Roads lies to the north.

The sound was named in 1827 by Captain James Stirling, probably after Admiral Sir George Cockburn.

The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant can be found here.
Shirt
A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body (from the neck to the waist).

Originally an undergarment worn exclusively by men, it has become, in American English, a catch-all term for a broad variety of upper-body garments and undergarments. In British English, a shirt is more specifically a garment with a collar, sleeves with cuffs, and a full vertical opening with buttons or snaps (North Americans would call that a "dress shirt", a specific type of collared shirt). A shirt can also be worn with a necktie under the shirt collar.

Zipper
A zipper (N. America), zip, zip fastener (UK), formerly known as a clasp locker, is a commonly used device for binding together two edges of fabric or other flexible material. Used in clothing (e.g. jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, camping gear (e.g. tents and sleeping bags), and many other items, zippers come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and colors. In 1892, Whitcomb L. Judson, an American inventor from Chicago, patented the original design from which the modern device evolved.

The zipper gets its name from a brand of rubber boots (or galoshes) it was used on in 1923. The galoshes could be fastened with a single zip of the hand, and soon the hookless fasteners came to be called "Zippers".