hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sergey Baburin
Sergey Nikolayevich Baburin (Russian: Серге́й Николаевич Бабурин, born 31 January 1959) is a Russian nationalist politician and scholar of constitutional law, member of the State Duma of the first, second and fourth convocations where he served in the Committee on Civil, Criminal, Arbitral and Procedural Law, leader of the Russian All-People's Union and an ex-leader of the Rodina political party. He also served as a rector of the Russian State University of Trade and Economics (RGTEU) from 2002 to 2012.

In 2018, Baburin was a presidential candidate from the Russian All-People's Union.

1st State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 1st convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации I созыва) is a former convocation of the State Duma, Lower House of the Federal Assembly. The first few months, the State Duma was located in the Comecon building on New Arbat Avenue, then moved to the State Duma building on Okhotny Ryad.
Musical Unit of the Spanish Royal Guard
The Musical Unit of the Spanish Royal Guard (Spanish: Unidad musical de la Guardia Real España) is the official music service of the Spanish Royal Guard of the Spanish Armed Forces that is dedicated to providing ceremonial honours and music to the King of Spain, the Spanish Royal Family, and public officials. The musical unit is one of many battalion sized units in the regiment, with over 100 professional musicians in its ranks who are chosen from the non-commissioned officers of the Military Music Corps. It is one of the more senior and representative bands in the Spanish Armed Forces, with its repertoire covering a wide range of Army, Navy and Air Force music. The entire unit is currently under the baton of the conductor of the Military Band of the Royal Guard, Colonel Musician Enrique Damián Blasco Cebolla.

Spanish royal family
The Spanish royal family comprises Felipe VI and his immediate family, these are Queen Letizia; their children, Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofía; and Felipe's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. The royal family lives at the Palace of Zarzuela in Madrid, although their official residence is the Royal Palace of Madrid. The membership of the royal family is defined by royal decree and consists of: the King of Spain, the monarch's spouse, the monarch's parents, his children, and the heir to the Spanish throne.
Besa River Formation
The Besa River Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Devonian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from Besa River, a tributary of the Prophet River, and was first described in outcrop near the Muskwa River, in the Muskwa Ranges by F.A. Kidd in 1963.

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
HTLINGUAL
HTLINGUAL (also HGLINGUAL) was an illegal secret project of the United States of America's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to intercept mail destined for the Soviet Union and China. It operated from 1952 until 1973. Originally known under the codename SRPOINTER (also SGPOINTER), the project authority was changed in 1955 and renamed. Early on, the CIA collected only the names and addresses appearing on the exterior of mailed items, but they were later opened at CIA facilities in Los Angeles and in New York.

The program had the stated purpose of obtaining foreign intelligence, but it targeted domestic peace and  civil-rights activists as well. Mail to and from prominent individuals such as Bella Abzug, Bobby Fischer, Linus Pauling, John Steinbeck, Martin Luther King Jr., Edward Albee, and Hubert Humphrey was opened during the course of the operation. A total of 28 million letters were examined, and 215,000 were opened.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Norma MacMillan
Norma MacMillan (September 15, 1921 – March 16, 2001) was a Canadian actress, best known for voicing numerous characters in animation and claymation, including Casper the Friendly Ghost on The New Casper Cartoon Show, Gumby on The Gumby Show, Sweet Polly Purebred on Underdog, and Davey on Davey and Goliath.

Land of the Giants
Land of the Giants is a one-hour American science fiction television series that aired on ABC for two seasons, beginning on September 22, 1968, and ending on March 22, 1970. The show was created and produced by Irwin Allen. Land of the Giants was Allen's fourth science-fiction TV series. The show was released by 20th Century Fox Television. The series was filmed entirely in color and ran for 51 episodes. The show starred Gary Conway, Deanna Lund and Kurt Kasznar – with Kasznar billed as a special guest star throughout the entire series.

Five novels based on the television series, including three written by science-fiction author Murray Leinster, were published in 1968 and 1969.
Borel functional calculus
In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Borel functional calculus is a functional calculus (that is, an assignment of operators from commutative algebras to functions defined on their spectra), which has particularly broad scope. Thus for instance if T is an operator, applying the squaring function s → s2 to T yields the operator T2. Using the functional calculus for larger classes of functions, we can for example define rigorously the "square root" of the (negative) Laplacian operator −Δ or the exponential

The 'scope' here means the kind of function of an operator which is allowed. The Borel functional calculus is more general than the continuous functional calculus, and its focus is different than the holomorphic functional calculus.

More precisely, the Borel functional calculus allows for applying an arbitrary Borel function to a self-adjoint operator, in a way that generalizes applying a polynomial function.

Spectrum of a ring
In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a commutative ring  is the set of all prime ideals of , and is usually denoted by ; in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with a sheaf of rings.
Sado Province
Sado Province (佐渡国, Sado no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.do (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan until 1871; since then, it has been a part of Niigata Prefecture. It was sometimes called Sashū (佐州) or Toshū (渡州). It lies on the eponymous Sado Island, off the coast of Niigata Prefecture (or in the past, Echigo Province).

Sado was famous for the silver and gold mined on the island. In the Kamakura Period, the province was granted to the Honma clan from Honshū, and they continued to dominate Sado until 1589, when Uesugi Kagekatsu of Echigo Province took over the island. The Tokugawa shōguns later made Sado a personal fief after Sekigahara, and assumed direct control of its mines.

Since 2004 Sado city has comprised the entire island.

Battle of Sekigahara
The Battle of Sekigahara (Shinjitai: 関ヶ原の戦い; Kyūjitai: 關ヶ原の戰い, Hepburn romanization: Sekigahara no Tatakai) was an important battle in Japan which occurred on October 21, 1600 (Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu Prefecture, Japan, at the end of the Sengoku period.

This battle was fought by the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu against a coalition loyal to the Toyotomi clan, led by Ishida Mitsunari on behalf of the young child Toyotomi Hideyori, from which several commanders defected before or during the battle, leading to a Tokugawa victory. The Battle of Sekigahara is often regarded as the most important battle in Japanese history.

Mitsunari's defeat in the Battle of Sekigahara is generally considered to be the beginning point of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan for another two and a half centuries until 1868.
International Journal of Fracture
The International Journal of Fracture is a scientific journal focused on fracture in materials science. Founded in 1965, it is published by Springer. The journal publishes original analytical, numerical and experimental contributions which provide improved understanding of the mechanisms of micro and macro fracture in all materials, and their engineering implications. The journal has an impact factor of 2.175 (2017).

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Paklay
Paklay is two different Filipino braised dishes from the Mindanao and Visayas Islands characterized by julienned ingredients. They are eaten with rice or served as pulutan (side dishes) with alcohol.

In Mindanao and Central and Eastern Visayas, it refers to a dish made from various beef, pork, or goat tripe with julienned ginger, bamboo shoots (labong), carrots, bell pepper, siling mahaba chilis and tomatoes, garlic, onions, and black pepper, among other ingredients. It is commonly slightly soured with fruits like pineapple, tamarind, or unripe starfruit.

Among the Hiligaynon people of Western Visayas, on the other hand, it refers to sautéed bamboo shoots with fish or shrimp, tomatoes, ground pork or beef, onions, garlic, and other spices.

Goat meat
Goat meat is the meat of the domestic goat (Capra hircus). The term 'goat meat' denotes meat of older animals, while meat from young goats is called 'kid meat'. In South Asian cuisine, goat meat is called mutton, along with sheep meat.
Road 12 (Iran)
Road 12 is a road in northern Iran south of Aras River connecting Bazargan to Poldasht, Jolfa, Parsabad and Bileh Savar. The road has strategic importance for the Republic of Azerbaijan, since it is the shortest land-based link connecting Azerbaijan-proper to Nakhjavan via Bileh Savar-Julfa section.

Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)
Julfa (Azerbaijani: Culfa), formerly Jugha (Armenian: Ջուղա, also transliterated as Djugha), is a city and the capital of the Julfa District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.

Julfa, an old Azerbaijan city, is separated by the Aras River from its namesake, the town of Jolfa on the Iranian side of the border. The two towns are linked by a road bridge and a railway bridge.

Both Azerbaijan's absolute minimum temperature (−33 °C or −27.4 °F) and the absolute maximum temperature (46 °C or 114.8 °F) were observed in  Julfa (and also in Ordubad).
Pramod
Pramod means joy or happiness in Sanskrit and is one of the names of the Hindu god Ganesh.

People with the name "Pramod":

A. N. Pramod (fl. 1990s–2020s), Indian Navy Vice Admiral

Pramod Bhasin (fl. 1960s–2020s), Indian businessman

Pramod Chakravorty (1929–2004), Indian director and film producer

Pramod Kamble (born 1964), Indian painter and sculptor

Pramod Kapoor (born 1953), Indian writer and publisher

Pramod Kharel (born 1979), Nepalese singer

Pramod Kureel (born 1966), Indian politician

Pramod Madushan (born 1993), Sri Lankan cricketer

Pramod Mahajan (1949–2006), Indian politician

Pramod Moutho (born 1955), Indian actor

Pramod Panju (fl. 2010s–2020s), Indian actor

Namitha Pramod (born 1996), Indian actress

Ranjan Pramod (fl. 2000s–2020s), Indian screenwriter and director

Pramod Sawant (born 1973), Indian politician

Pramod Tiwari (born 1952), Indian politician

Pramodya Wickramasinghe (born 1971), Sri Lankan cricketer

Pramod Tiwari
Pramod Kumar Tiwari (born 16 July 1952) is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress party. He is currently serving as Deputy Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha, from Rajasthan Rajya Sabha Constituency. He is a nine-time Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from Rampur Khas and former Cabinet Minister in Government of Uttar Pradesh.
Flurb
Flurb was an American science fiction webzine, edited by  author Rudy Rucker and launched in August 2006.  In addition to short stories, Flurb featured paintings and photography by Rucker.  It was released biannually.  The author of an accepted story retained full copyright, including the right to have the story published elsewhere, and to request that it be taken down at any time.

Flurb releases tended to garner significant online attention, with issues having been mentioned in several blogs including Boing Boing and io9.

Contributors to Flurb included Terry Bisson, Eileen Gunn, John Kessel, Kim Stanley Robinson, Paul Di Filippo, John Shirley, Charles Stross and Cory Doctorow, as well as Rucker himself.

Flurb closed in 2012.

Terry Bisson
Terry Ballantine Bisson (February 12, 1942 – January 10, 2024) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. He was best known for his short stories, including "Bears Discover Fire", which won the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award, and "They're Made Out of Meat".
Idaea pallidata
Idaea pallidata  is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found from northern and central Europe to the Caucasus, central Asia and the Amur Region.

The wingspan is 18–20 mm for males and 16–19 mm for females. The adults fly in one generation from mid May to late June. . They are attracted to light.

The larvae feed on withered or dry leaves of various herbaceous plants such as Achillea millefolium, Valeriana officinalis, Filipendula ulmaria and Vaccinium myrtillus.

Filipendula ulmaria
Filipendula ulmaria, commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows. It is native throughout most of Europe and Western Asia (Near East and Middle East). It has been introduced and naturalised in North America.

Meadowsweet has also been referred to as queen of the meadow, pride of the meadow, meadow-wort, meadow queen, lady of the meadow, dollof, meadsweet, and bridewort.
1981 Volvo Masters – Singles
Ivan Lendl defeated Vitas Gerulaitis in the final, 6–7(5–7), 2–6, 7–6(8–6), 6–2, 6–4 to win the singles title at the 1981 Volvo Masters. Lendl saved a match point at 5-6 in the third set tiebreak.

Björn Borg was the defending champion, but did not participate.

Vitas Gerulaitis
Vytautas "Vitas" Kevin Gerulaitis (July 26, 1954 – September 17, 1994) was an American professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 3 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in 1978. Gerulaitis won the men's singles title at the December 1977 Australian Open, and the men's doubles title at the 1975 Wimbledon Championships, partnering with Sandy Mayer. Gerulaitis also won two Italian Opens in 1977 and 1979, and the 1978 WCT Finals.
Ramsay Garden
Ramsay Garden is a block of sixteen private apartment buildings in the Castlehill area of Edinburgh, Scotland. They stand out for their red ashlar and white harled exteriors, and for their prominent position, most visible from Princes Street.

Developed into its current form between 1890 and 1893 by the biologist, botanist and urban planner Patrick Geddes, Ramsay Garden started out as Ramsay Lodge, an octagonal house built by the poet and wig-maker Allan Ramsay the Elder in 1733. The house was also known variously as Ramsay Hut and Goosepie House (due to the roof shape). It was complemented by the addition of Ramsay Street, a short row of simple Georgian Houses in 1760. The latter (in revamped form) stand on the north side of the access to the inner courtyard.

Harling (wall finish)
Harling is a rough-cast wall finish consisting of lime and aggregate, known for its rough texture. Many castles and other buildings in Scotland and Ulster have walls finished with harling. It is also used on contemporary buildings, where it protects against the wet Scottish and Ulster climates and eliminates the need for paint.
Slieve Croob (District Electoral Area)
Slieve Croob is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Newry, Mourne and Down, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Newry, Mourne and Down District Council and contains the wards of Ballydugan, Ballyward, Castlewellan, Drumaness and Dundrum. Slieve Croob forms part of the South Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 2014 local elections, replacing parts of the Ballynahinch DEA and parts of the Newcastle DEA which had both existed since 1985.

South Down (UK Parliament constituency)
South Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons. The seat covers the Mourne Mountains, and Downpatrick to the north. It has a short border with the Republic of Ireland to the south. The MP since 2017 is Chris Hazzard of Sinn Féin.
Israel Women's Network
Israel Women's Network (IWN; Hebrew: שדולת הנשים בישראל, Arabic: اللوبي النسائي في إسرائيل) is a feminist non-partisan civil society organization founded in Jerusalem in 1984. IWN's mission is to advance the status of women in Israel by promoting equality through a range of projects and methods.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Mahendra Munjapara
Dr. Mahendrabhai Kalubhai Munjpara (born 21 September 1968) is an Indian politician who served as the Minister of State for AYUSH and Minister of State for Woman and Child Development in the Second Modi ministry from 7 July 2021 until 9 June 2024. He is member of parliament to the 17th Lok Sabha from Surendranagar constituency, Gujarat. He won the 2019 general election as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate. Before his political career, he has been a practicing doctor in Surendranagar as a Cardiologist and Echocardiologist. Munjapara belong to Koli community of Gujarat.

Koli people
The Koli people are an agriculturist caste of India, mostly found in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Koli caste was recognised as a criminal tribe under Criminal Tribes Act by British Indian government because of their anti-social activities; but during World War I, Kolis were recognised as a martial caste by British Indian Empire. Kolis of Gujarat were well-known pirates of Arabian Sea.

The Kolis form the largest caste cluster in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, comprising 24% and 30% of the total population in those states, respectively.
Jimmie Graham
James Graham (19 June 1902 — 5 September 1986) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

Graham was born in Selkirk and educated at Kelso High School.

A Kelso farmer, Graham played his rugby as a wing-forward. He was the first Scotland international to come out of Kelso RFC and played for his country from 1926 to 1932, gaining a total of 15 caps. His early matches were as part of an all-Border back row, beside Hawick RFC players Doug Davies and Willie Welsh. In 1934, Graham captained the Barbarian sevens side to the Twickenham sevens title.

Selkirk, Scottish Borders
Selkirk (Scottish Gaelic: Salcraig) is a town and historic royal burgh in the Scottish Borders council district of southeastern Scotland. It lies on the Ettrick Water, a tributary of the River Tweed. The people of the town are known as Souters, which means cobblers (shoe makers and menders). At the time of the 2011 census, Selkirk's population was 5,784.
152nd Jaeger Brigade (Ukraine)
The 152nd Jaeger Brigade named after Symon Petliura (Ukrainian: 152 окрема єгерська бригада імені Симона Петлюри, romanized: 152 okrema jehersʹka bryhada imeni Simona Petlyuri), is a one of ten light infantry brigades formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 2023. It was part of the creation of four other brigades to expand the Ukrainian Ground Forces in response to the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine and is expected to participate in a potential Ukrainian counteroffensive in 2024.

On 16 August 2024, the brigade was repurposed as a Jaeger brigade, becoming the fourth brigade of its kind to exist in the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a select fire rifle that uses an intermediate-rifle cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first put into mass production and accepted into widespread service during World War II. The first assault rifle to see major usage was the German StG 44, a development of the earlier Mkb 42. While immediately after World War II, NATO countries were equipped with battle rifles, the development of the M16 rifle during the Vietnam War prompted the adoption of assault rifles by the rest of NATO. By the end of the 20th century, assault rifles had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing full-powered rifles and submachine guns in most roles. The two most successful modern assault rifles are the AK-47 and the M16 designs and their derivatives.
Field hockey at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, a field hockey tournament was contested for the first time. Six teams entered the tournament: England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Germany and France. England won the gold medal, Ireland the silver and Scotland and Wales were awarded bronze medals. All the medals were subsequently credited to Great Britain.

Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Great Britain, represented by the British Olympic Association (BOA), competed as the host nation of the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.  The British Olympic Association was the National Olympic Committee responsible for organising the United Kingdom's representation. At the time British and Irish athletes competed under the team name "United Kingdom". The British team comprised 676 competitors.

It was the fourth appearance of the country, which has not missed any of the Summer Olympic Games. The country finished in the Olympic table in first place for the first and only time in its history. The Men's field hockey on the 31st of October is the last time that Great Britain swept the medal podium at an Olympics, as of 2022.