hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nahanni Formation
The Nahanni Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Givetian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

It takes the name from Nahanni Butte, a prominent ridge at the confluence of the South Nahanni River and Liard River, and was first described in outcrop on the south face of the mountain by C.O. Hage in 1945.

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) underlies 1.4 million square kilometres (540,000 sq mi) of Western Canada including southwestern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan, Alberta, northeastern British Columbia and the southwest corner of the Northwest Territories. This vast sedimentary basin consists of a massive wedge of sedimentary rock extending from the Rocky Mountains in the west to the Canadian Shield in the east. This wedge is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) thick under the Rocky Mountains, but thins to zero at its eastern margins. The WCSB contains one of the world's largest reserves of petroleum and natural gas and supplies much of the North American market, producing more than 450 million cubic metres (16 billion cubic feet) per day of gas in 2000. It also has huge reserves of coal. Of the provinces and territories within the WCSB, Alberta has most of the oil and gas reserves and almost all of the oil sands.
Isaac Folkoff
Isaac "Pop" Folkoff (also known as "Volkov", "Folconoff", and "Uncle"; 1881 – March 27, 1975), was a senior founding member of the Communist Party of California and West Coast liaison between Soviet intelligence and the Communist Party USA (CPUSA).

Venona project
The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service and later absorbed by the National Security Agency (NSA), that ran from February 1, 1943, until October 1, 1980. It was intended to decrypt messages transmitted by the intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union (e.g. the NKVD, the KGB, and the GRU).

During the 37-year duration of the Venona project, the Signal Intelligence Service decrypted and translated approximately 3,000 messages. The signals intelligence yield included discovery of the Cambridge Five espionage ring in the United Kingdom, and also of Soviet espionage of the Manhattan Project in the US, known as Project Enormous. Some of the espionage was undertaken to support the Soviet atomic bomb project. The Venona project remained secret for more than 15 years after it concluded.
Hymenobacter yonginensis
Hymenobacter yonginensis  is a non-motile bacterium from the genus Hymenobacter which has been isolated from a mesotrophic lake near the campus of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Yongin in Korea.

Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (abbreviated as HUFS; Korean: 한국외국어대학교) is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea. The university currently teaches 45 foreign languages. In addition, it contains studies in humanities, law, political science, social sciences, business, medical science, natural sciences, and engineering.
Nigel Ross (cricketer, born 1882)
Nigel Douglas Carne Ross (21 December 1882 – 27 January 1933) was an English cricketer. Ross' batting and bowling styles are unknown.

The son of Kate Selwyn and Joseph Ross, he was born in Penzance, Cornwall, and was educated at Uppingham School, where he represented the school cricket team. Ross made his only first-class appearance for Cambridge University against Warwickshire in 1905. He scored 12 runs in the university's first-innings, before being dismissed by Sam Hargreave, while in their second-innings he scored 26 runs before being dismissed by Fred Moorhouse.

He made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1910 to 1912, which included 10 Minor Counties Championship matches. He died in Manchester, Lancashire, on 27 January 1933.

Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club
Buckinghamshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Buckinghamshire.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Buckinghamshire played List A matches occasionally from 1965 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club plays its matches around the county at various locations including at Wormsley on the Getty Estate. Until 1979 it played regularly at Ascott Park, the home of the Rothschild family which was prominent in the club's foundation.
Armand Huyghé
Armand Christophe Huyghé (11 July 1871 – 2 March 1944), later knighted Armand Huyghé de Mahenge, was a Belgian career soldier. He is best known for his service in the Belgian Congo during World War I, where he succeeded Charles Tombeur as commander of the Belgian forces in the East African Campaign in 1917. He commanded the Belgian contingent during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland after the war. During World War II, he was involved in the resistance and, after being captured by the Germans, was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp where he died in 1944.

Belgian Resistance
The Belgian Resistance (French: Résistance belge, Dutch: Belgisch verzet) collectively refers to the resistance movements opposed to the German occupation of Belgium during World War II. Within Belgium, resistance was fragmented between many separate organizations, divided by region and political stances. The resistance included both men and women from both Walloon and Flemish parts of the country. Aside from sabotage of military infrastructure in the country and assassinations of collaborators, these groups also published large numbers of underground newspapers, gathered intelligence and maintained various escape networks that helped Allied airmen trapped behind enemy lines escape from German-occupied Europe.

During the war, it is estimated that approximately five percent of the national population were involved in some form of resistance activity, while some estimates put the number of resistance members killed at over 19,000; roughly 25 percent of its "active" members.
EFMA
EFMA may stand for:

Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance, a telecommunications equipment vendor's consortium

European Forum of Medical Associations, a European liaison to World Health Organization

Evangelical Fellowship of Missions Agencies, a professional association of evangelical missions entities (former Evangelical Foreign Missions Association)

The ICAO airport code for Mariehamn Airport

Evangelical Fellowship of Missions Agencies
The Evangelical Fellowship of Missions Agencies was formed in 1946 as a result of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) recognition that there was not a sufficient amount of networking and communication between the missions arms of the NAE members. At its height, the EFMA covered over 100 agencies and almost 20,000 missionaries.

In 2012, the EFMA (renamed as "The Mission Exchange") was merged with Cross Global Link to form Missio Nexus. In 2023, Missio Nexus represented over 53,000 people involved in Christian work and the president was Ted Esler.

The EFMA Directors' papers are held at Wheaton College.
Spencer Hadley
Spencer Hadley (born October 30, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars from 2008 to 2013. He served a two-year Mormon mission in the Rosevile California Mission from 2009 to 2010.

BYU Cougars football
The BYU Cougars football team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah. The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984.

The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history, from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022, they competed as an FBS Independent.  On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application to the conference. BYU officially joined the Big 12 on July 1, 2023.

The team plays home games at the 62,073 seat LaVell Edwards Stadium, named after head coach LaVell Edwards who won 19 conference championships, seven bowl games, and one national championship (1984) while coaching at BYU.
Face Off season 8
The eighth season of the Syfy reality television series Face Off premiered on January 13, 2015. This season was won by Darla Edin of Minneapolis, Minnesota.

The theme this season is "Return of the Champions".  Three former winners Season 2 - Rayce Bird, Season 4 - Anthony Kosar, and Season 5 - Laura Dandridge will guide teams of five to victory. In the end, Laura earned her second win on this show in this season.

Prizes for this season include US$100,000, a 2015 Fiat, and a VIP trip to one of Kryolan's makeup locations.

Kryolan
Kryolan is a world-wide cosmetics company founded and headquartered in Berlin, Germany. By some estimates, Kryolan creates two-thirds of global production of professional makeup for film, TV and theater.
Frederick Wedge
Frederick Rhinaldo Wedge (July 31, 1880 – March 3, 1953) was an American boxer who fought over 70 professional bouts as "Kid" Wedge; an ordained clergyman, who pastored churches in Nebraska, Wisconsin, and California for the Presbyterian, Baptist, and Congregational denominations; a Chautauqua lecturer; an author of several books, including The Fighting Parson of Barbary Coast; and an educator, who taught at Pasadena College, and high schools in Arizona and California, whose admission into the Graduate School of Education of Harvard University in January 1922, and his January 1929 second marriage were both a national cause célèbre in the USA.

Genoa, Nebraska
Genoa (pron. je NO uh) is a city in Nance County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 894 at the 2020 census. The city was founded by Mormons in 1857. In the fall of 1859, the Mormon Colony was forced to abandon Genoa when the town and surrounding area were incorporated into the newly created Pawnee Reservation. The Pawnee Indian Agency utilized the structures vacated by the Mormons.
Mas-wrestling
Mas-wrestling (Russian: Мас-рестлинг) is the international name used for the Yakut ethnosport derived from the traditional stick pulling game mas tard'yhyy (мас тардыhыы, 'stick tugging'). Reminiscent of the Eskimo Stick Pull featured at the World Eskimo Indian Olympics, Norwegian kjevletrekk, Finnish kartunveto or väkikapulan veto, as well as the Highland test of strength The Swingle Tree (played with a shepherd's crook), participants taking part in mas-wrestling competitions sit in front of each other, prop their feet against the board that divides the competition area and tug on a wooden stick (mas), making sure to keep it parallel to the propping board. Mas-wrestling demands great muscular strength from the hands, legs, back, and abdominals.

Yakuts
The Yakuts or Sakha (Yakut: саха, saxa; plural: сахалар, saxalar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to North Siberia, primarily the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation. They also inhabit some districts of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. They speak Yakut, which belongs to the Siberian branch of the Turkic languages.
Reductone
A reductone is a special class of organic compounds. They are enediols with a carbonyl group adjacent to the enediol group, i.e. RC(OH)=C(OH)-C(O)R. The enediol structure is stabilized by the resonance resulting from the tautomerism with the adjacent carbonyl. Therefore, the chemical equilibrium produces mainly the enediol form rather than the keto form.

Reductones are reducing agents, thus efficacious antioxidants.  Some are fairly strong acids.
Examples of reductones are tartronaldehyde,  reductic acid and ascorbic acid.

Resonance (chemistry)
In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory. It has particular value for analyzing delocalized electrons where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure. The resonance hybrid is the accurate structure for a molecule or ion; it is an average of the theoretical (or hypothetical) contributing structures.
Bestiae
Bestiae is a defunct taxon that contained pigs, armadillos, hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and opossums. It was defined by Linnaeus in its 1758's Systema Naturae as "quadrupedal mammals having several front teeth, and more than a pair or laniary (i.e. canine) teeth".

Mole (animal)
Moles are small, subterranean mammals. They have cylindrical bodies, velvety fur, very small, inconspicuous eyes and ears, reduced hindlimbs, and short, powerful forelimbs with large paws adapted for digging.

The word "mole" most commonly refers to many species in the family Talpidae (which are named after the Latin word for mole, talpa). True moles are found in most parts of North America, Europe (except for Ireland) and Asia. Other mammals referred to as moles include the African golden moles and the Australian marsupial moles, which have a similar ecology and lifestyle to true moles but are unrelated.

Moles may be viewed as pests to gardeners, but they provide positive contributions to soil, gardens, and ecosystems, including soil aeration, feeding on slugs and small creatures that eat plant roots, and providing prey for other wildlife. They eat earthworms and other small invertebrates in the soil.
Tanvi Sharma
Tanvi Sharma (born 22 December 2008) is an Indian badminton player. She is the first Indian to win more than one medal in an edition of the World Junior Championships, with a silver in the girls' singles and bronze in the mixed team event at the 2025 edition. She was a part of the team that won gold at the 2024 Asian Team Championships.

2025 Suhandinata Cup
The 2025 Suhandinata Cup was the team event of the 2025 BWF World Junior Championships. It was held in Guwahati, Assam, India from 6 and 11 October 2025. Indonesia were the defending champions but were defeated by China.
German submarine U-518
German submarine U-518 was a Type IXC U-boat of the Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She saw considerable success from her launch on 11 February 1942 until 22 April 1945. The U-boat was laid down at the Deutsche Werft in Hamburg as yard number 314 on 12 June 1941, and commissioned on 25 April 1942 with Fregattenkapitän Hans-Günther Brachmann in command. He was replaced on 19 August 1942 by Kapitänleutnant Friedrich-Wilhelm Wissmann.
She sank nine ships and damaged three more in seven active patrols. U-518 had a crew of 56, and was by then commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Werner Offermann from 13 January 1944.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
Fred Gardiner (rugby union)
Frederick Gardiner (31 May 1874 — 7 June 1921) was an Irish rugby union international.

Gardiner was born in County Armagh and attended Lurgan College.

A linen merchant, Gardiner picked up work in Belfast after college and played for the city's North of Ireland club, from where he achieved his first Ireland selection in 1900. A versatile player, he was a back in matches for Ulster, but made most of his Ireland appearances as a forward. He was capped 22 times for Ireland and captained the team during the Home Nations in 1909, which would be his final year of international rugby.

Gardiner, later a referee, officiated the 1912 Five Nations match between England and Scotland, then became Test rugby's first substitute referee when he came on for the second half of that year's Springboks match against Ireland.

1912 Five Nations Championship
The 1912 Five Nations Championship was the third series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship following the inclusion of France into the Home Nations Championship. Including the previous Home Nations Championships, this was the thirtieth series of the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 1 January and 8 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Brian Jacks
Brian Jacks (born 5 October 1946) is a British judoka who won Britain's first medal at a World Championships taking a bronze in Salt Lake City 1967, and gained a second bronze at the 1972 Munich Olympics.

World Judo Championships
The World Judo Championships are the highest level of international judo competition, next to the quadrennial judo events at the Summer Olympic Games. The world championships are held by the International Judo Federation annually, except the calendar years of the Summer Olympics. Qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their home countries. Team fixtures have also been held since 1994. The men's championships first took place in 1956, though the format and periodicity of the competition have changed over time. The last edition of the World Judo Championships (2025) was held in Budapest, Hungary.
Broadway Danny Rose
Broadway Danny Rose is a 1984 American black-and-white comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen. It follows a hapless theatrical agent who, by helping a client, gets dragged into a love triangle involving the mob. The film stars Allen as the titular character, as well as Mia Farrow and Nick Apollo Forte.

Broadway Danny Rose was screened out of competition at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival and received positive reviews from critics. It is considered one of Allen's stronger efforts, being praised particularly for Farrow's performance.

1984 Cannes Film Festival
The 37th Cannes Film Festival took place from 11 to 23 May 1984. British actor Dirk Bogarde served as jury president for the main competition.

German filmmaker Wim Wenders won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Paris, Texas.

During this festival, a private group, under the patronage of the festival's authorities, held a side event presenting film trailers. A French jury, presided by Saul Bass, awarded its Grand Prize to the trailer for Flashdance.

The festival opened with Fort Saganne by Alain Corneau and closed with The Bounty by Roger Donaldson.
Stowe, Vermont
Stowe is a town in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The population was 5,223 at the 2020 census. The town lies on Vermont Routes 108 and 100. It is nicknamed "The Ski Capital of the East" and is home to Stowe Mountain Resort, a ski facility with terrain on Mount Mansfield,  the highest peak in Vermont, and Spruce Peak.

Wind chill
Wind chill (popularly wind chill factor) is the sensation of cold produced by the wind for a given ambient air temperature on exposed skin as the air motion accelerates the rate of heat transfer from the body to the surrounding atmosphere. Its values are always lower than the air temperature in the range where the formula is valid. When the apparent temperature is higher than the air temperature, the heat index is used instead.
Recorder sonata in F major (HWV 369)
The Sonata in F major (HWV 369) was composed (before 1712) by George Frideric Handel for recorder and basso continuo (the autograph manuscript, a fair copy made most likely in 1712, gives this instrumentation in Italian: "flauto e cembalo"). The work is also referred to as Opus 1 No. 11, and was first published in 1732 by Walsh. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG xxvii, 40; and HHA iv/3,52.

Handel used an arrangement of the sonata in his Organ Concerto in F major (HWV 293).

Both the Walsh edition and the Chrysander edition indicate that the work is for recorder ("flauto"), and published it as Sonata XI.

The theme plays during the opening titles of Ingmar Bergman's 1978 film Autumn Sonata.

Organ concertos, Op. 4 (Handel)
The Handel organ concertos, Op. 4, HWV 289–294, are six organ concertos for chamber organ and orchestra composed by George Frideric Handel in London between 1735 and 1736 and published in 1738 by the printing company of John Walsh. Written as interludes in performances of oratorios in Covent Garden, they were the first works of their kind for this combination of instruments and served as a model for later composers.
Zabrody, Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast
Zabrody (Ukrainian: Заброди) is a village in northwestern Ukraine, in Kovel Raion of Volyn Oblast, but was formerly administered within Ratne Raion. In 2001, the community had 853 residents. Postal code — 44160. KOATUU code — 724283401.

Ratne Raion
Ratne Raion (Ukrainian: Ратнівський район) was a raion in Volyn Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Ratne. The raion was abolished and its territory was merged into Kovel Raion on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Volyn Oblast to four. The last estimate of the raion population was 51,817 (2020 est.)
Nepean—Carleton (provincial electoral district)
Nepean-Carleton was a provincial electoral district in eastern Ontario, Canada. It elected one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2014.

The riding was represented in the Ontario legislature by Progressive Conservative John Baird since it became a provincial riding in 1999 until he resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 federal election. PC candidate Lisa MacLeod won the provincial by-election to fill the vacancy that was held on March 30, 2006.

Following the 2018 election, the district was dissolved into Nepean, Carleton, Orléans, and Kanata—Carleton.

2018 Ontario general election
General elections were held on June 7, 2018, to elect the 124 members of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won 76 of the 124 seats in the legislature and formed a majority government. The Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Andrea Horwath, formed the Official Opposition. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by incumbent Premier Kathleen Wynne, lost official party status in recording both the worst result in the party's 161-year history and the worst result for any incumbent governing party in Ontario. The Green Party of Ontario won a seat for the first time in their history, while the Trillium Party of Ontario lost its single seat gained by a floor-crossing during the 41st Parliament.
Mission Mountain Railroad
The Mission Mountain Railroad (reporting mark MMT) is a shortline railroad in northwestern Montana, operating a segment of the former Great Northern Railway (later Burlington Northern and BNSF) since December 2004. MMT is a subsidiary of Watco, operator of several other shortline railroads.

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.