hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tormod Næs
Tormod Næs (born February 11, 1954) is a Norwegian statistician working in chemometrics and sensometrics. He studies multivariate statistical analysis, spectroscopy, food science, and sensory science. His impact on chemometrics is exemplified by the over 8,000 citations to his most well-known book, Multivariate Calibration (with Harald Martens), and the awards in chemometrics that he has received.

Sensometrics
Sensometrics is a scientific discipline that involves the application of mathematical, statistical, and computational methods to the field of Sensory and Consumer Science. It is an interdisciplinary field, closely related to disciplines such as sensory evaluation, statistics, psychometrics, and chemometrics, among others. Sensometrics deals with all aspects of data generation and analysis, from design of experiments and methods used to investigate perceptions and preferences, to specific tools to analyze and model the data resulting from these methods. Sensometrics plays a key role in Sensory and Consumer Science, providing important tools with applications in product development, quality assurance, market research, and consumer behavior.
Faculty of Sciences (University of the Republic)
The Faculty of Sciences of the University of the Republic of Uruguay is a public institution of teaching, research and extension in the area of natural and exact sciences.

The Faculty offers more than 20 undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various natural and exact sciences. It comprises approximately 15% of the researchers in the National System of Researchers (SNI) of the country.

It has 3945 students enrolled, according to the VII Census of University Students of the Republic in 2012 and more than 400 teachers.

Undergraduate degree
An undergraduate degree (also called a first degree or simply a degree) is an academic degree awarded to a student who has completed an undergraduate program of study. In the United States, undergraduate degrees are typically offered at institutions of higher education such as colleges and universities. The most common types are the associate degree and the bachelor's degree, with the latter usually requiring at least three to four years of full-time study to complete.

In other higher education systems, the scope of undergraduate education may extend up to the level of a master's degree. This structure is found, for example, in certain science courses in the United Kingdom and in some long-cycle medicine programs in continental Europe. Such qualifications are sometimes categorized as basic academic degrees or as first professional degrees.
A Hope for Home
A Hope for Home (commonly abbreviated to AHFH) is a post-metal band based in Portland, Oregon that formed in 2006. They have five studio albums, three of which were released on Facedown Records and Strike First (the imprint label of Facedown Records). Throughout their career, A Hope for Home has controlled many of the aspects of their music including recording, production, mixing, art direction, and art design. These commitments have allowed them to achieve the precise sound and imagery of their intentions, and have become part of the band's dynamic.

The Everlasting Man
The Everlasting Man is a Christian apologetics book written by G. K. Chesterton, published in 1925. It is, to some extent, a deliberate rebuttal of H. G. Wells's The Outline of History, disputing Wells's portrayals of human life and civilisation as a seamless development from animal life and of Jesus Christ as merely another charismatic figure. Chesterton detailed his own spiritual journey in  Orthodoxy, but in this book he tries to illustrate the spiritual journey of humanity, or at least of Western civilisation.
Ashton Hagans
Ashton Dewayne Hagans (born July 8, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Xinjiang Flying Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats.

Rip City Remix
The Rip City Remix are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in North Portland, Oregon, and are affiliated with the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association. The team plays home games at the Chiles Center and debuted in the 2023–24 season.
Boris Mironov (historian)
Boris Nikolaevich Mironov (Russian: Бори́с Никола́евич Миро́нов) (born September 21, 1942) is a Soviet and Russian historian, cliometrist, specialist in the field of historical sociology, social, economic and demographic history of Russia, anthropometric history and research methodology.

Slavic Review
The Slavic Review is a major peer-reviewed academic journal publishing scholarly studies, book and film reviews, and review essays in all disciplines concerned with "Eastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, past and present". The journal's title, though pointing to its roots in Slavic studies, does not fully encompass the range of disciplines represented or peoples and cultures examined.
Baal-hanan
Baal-hanan (Hebrew: בַּעַל חָנָן / בָּעַל חָנָן, Standard Baʿal Ḥanan Tiberian Baʿal Ḥānān / Bāʿal Ḥānān) means "Baal has been gracious". There are two men by this name in the Hebrew Bible.

In Genesis 36:38–39, Baal-hanan is a King of Edom. He is also mentioned in the King List in 1 Chronicles 1:49–50. He succeeded Shaul and was himself succeeded by Hadad. He was the son of Achbor.

He is called the son of Achbor; but the name of his native city is not given. For this and other reasons, Marqaurt supposes that "son of Achbor" is a duplicate of "son of Beor" (Gen. 36:32), and that "Baal-hanan" in the original text is given as the name of the father of the next king, Hadar.

The date and even historicity of his reign are unknown, as he is not mentioned in any other surviving source.

In the Books of Chronicles there is also a second man by this name, from the city of Geder. In 1 Chronicles 27:28 he is described as being responsible to King David for the care of olive and sycamore trees.

Ficus
Ficus (/ˈfaɪkəs/ or /ˈfiːkəs/) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. Many Ficus species are grown for their fruits, though only two species, the common fig (F. carica) and sycamore fig (F. sycomorus), are cultivated to any extent, with common fig being the type species and by far the most important. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local economic importance or eaten as bushfood. However, they are extremely important food resources for wildlife. Figs are also of considerable cultural importance throughout the tropics, both as objects of worship and for their many practical uses.
And a Star to Steer Her By
"And a Star to Steer Her By" is a science fiction short story by American writer G. Harry Stine, originally published, under the name Lee Correy, in the June 1953 issue of Astounding Science Fiction.  It was later published in Every Boy's Book of Outer Space Stories.  The title comes from a line in John Masefield's poem Sea-Fever.

Salt-Water Poems and Ballads
Salt-Water Poems and Ballads is a book of poetry on themes of seafaring and maritime history by British future Poet Laureate John Masefield. It was first published in 1916 by Macmillan, with illustrations by Charles Pears. The collection includes "Sea-Fever" and "Cargoes", two of Masefield's best known poems.

Many of the poems had been published in Masefield's earlier collections, Salt-Water Ballads (1902), Ballads (1903) and Ballads and Poems (1910). They were included in The Collected Poems of John Masefield, published by Heinemann in 1923.
Durham University Botanic Garden
Durham University Botanic Garden is the botanical garden of Durham University, located in Durham, England. The site is set in 25 acres (10 ha) of mature woodlands in the southern outskirts of the city. The garden was founded in 1925 and has been located on its present site since 1970; the visitor centre was opened in 1988 by the then Chancellor of Durham University, Dame Margot Fonteyn. The garden attracts over 80,000 visitors annually and has been featured in The Guardian's Country Diary and on Channel 4's Matt Baker: Travels with Mum & Dad. It is the only remaining botanic garden in the northeast of England and has been included in Durham County Council's Local List of Historic Parks, Gardens and Historic Landscapes.

Country Diary
Country Diary is a daily natural history column in the English newspaper The Guardian, first published in November 1906. It is also now freely available on the newspaper's website.  Past and present contributors include John K. Adams, Arnold Boyd, Janet Case, Mark Cocker, Thomas Coward, Ka Cox, Harry Griffin, Jim Perrin (as James Perrin), Sarah Poyntz, Arthur Ransome, Helena Swanwick, and Enid J. Wilson.

Since the 1990s, the paper edition of the column has been illustrated by Clifford Harper.
History of current bus routes in Queens
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) operates a number of bus routes in Queens, New York, United States, under two different public brands. New York City Transit Authority and MTA Regional Bus Operations.  Some of them are the direct descendants of streetcar lines (see list of streetcar lines in Queens).

New York City Transit Authority
The New York City Transit Authority (also known as NYCTA, the TA, or simply Transit, and branded as MTA New York City Transit) is a public-benefit corporation in the U.S. state of New York that operates public transportation in New York City. Part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the busiest and largest transit system in North America, the NYCTA has a daily ridership of 8 million trips (over 2.5 billion annually).

The NYCTA operates the following systems:

New York City Subway, a rapid transit system serving Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens

Staten Island Railway, a rapid transit line on Staten Island (operated by the subsidiary Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority)

New York City Bus, an extensive bus network serving all five boroughs (operated by the subsidiary MTA Regional Bus Operations)
The Phantom Freighter
Children's literature portal

Novels portal

The Phantom Freighter is the twenty-sixth volume in the original The Hardy Boys series of mystery books for children and teens published by Grosset & Dunlap.

This book was written for the Stratemeyer Syndicate by Amy McFarlane, the wife of long time Hardy Boys author Leslie McFarlane, in 1947. Between 1959 and 1973, the first 38 volumes of this series were systematically revised as part of a project directed by Harriet Adams, Edward Stratemeyer's daughter. The original version of this book was shortened in 1970 by Priscilla Baker-Carr, resulting in two similar stories sharing the same title.

Stratemeyer Syndicate
The Stratemeyer Syndicate was an American book packaging company that produced a number of book series for children, including Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others. It contracted the many pseudonymous authors who wrote the series from 1899 to 1987, and arranged the publishing by firms such as Grosset & Dunlap. In 1987 it was sold to Simon & Schuster.
Master theorem
In mathematics, a theorem that covers a variety of cases is sometimes called  a master theorem.

Some theorems called master theorems in their fields include:

Master theorem (analysis of algorithms), analyzing the asymptotic behavior of divide-and-conquer algorithms

Ramanujan's master theorem, providing an analytic expression for the Mellin transform of an analytic function

MacMahon master theorem (MMT), in enumerative combinatorics and linear algebra

Glasser's master theorem in integral calculus

Ramanujan's master theorem
In mathematics, Ramanujan's master theorem, named after Srinivasa Ramanujan, is a technique that provides an analytic expression for the Mellin transform of an analytic function.

The result is stated as follows:

If a complex-valued function  has an expansion of the form

where  is an analytic function, then the Mellin transform of  is given by

where  is the gamma function.

It was widely used by Ramanujan to calculate definite integrals and infinite series.

Higher-dimensional versions of this theorem also appear in quantum physics through Feynman diagrams.

A similar result was also obtained by Glaisher.
MAB Model A
The MAB Model A is a 6.35 mm (.25 ACP) caliber pocket pistol made in France.  MAB stands for Manufacture d'armes de Bayonne. It is patterned after the Browning FN 1906 / Colt Model 1908.

MAB Model A is a single action, striker-fired, semi-automatic pistol with a blowback action.

Model A has a manual safety on the left side of the frame as well as a Browning-style grip safety at the rear of the frame. This feature ensures that the firing mechanism does not operate unless the grip lock is depressed against the palm of the operator's hand, thereby eliminating chances of accidental firing of the weapon.

The slide is marked: Pistolet Automatique MAB Brevette Modele A. This translates from French as: Automatic Pistol MAB Patented Model A.

.25 ACP
The .25 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol), also known as the .25 Auto, .25 Automatic, 6.35mm Browning, or 6.35×16mmSR is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled centerfire pistol cartridge introduced by John Moses Browning in 1905 alongside the Fabrique Nationale M1905 pistol.
58th Armoured Regiment (India)
58 Armoured Regiment is a regiment in the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army. It was raised in Patiala on 1 October 2014 as an all-India all-caste regiment, i.e. its soldiers are recruited from all over India without any distinctions based on ethnicity, caste, region, etc.

Lieutenant General Kamal Jit Singh, PVSM, AVSM* was appointed as the first Colonel of the regiment on 20 January 2015.

The regiment participated in the Republic Day parade in 2017 with its T-90 tanks.

Patiala
Patiala (Punjabi pronunciation: [pʌʈeɑ̈ːɭɑ]) is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak (the 'Blessed Castle') constructed by a chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.

In popular culture, the city remains famous for its traditional Patiala shahi turban (a type of headgear), paranda (a tasselled tag for braiding hair), Patiala salwar (a type of female trousers), jutti (a type of footwear) and Patiala peg (a measure of liquor). Patiala is also known as the Royal City and the Beautiful City.
Bar-bellied cuckooshrike
The bar-bellied cuckooshrike (Coracina striata) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, and its natural habitats include mangrove forest, dry forest, swamp forest, and secondary forest. The plumage varies among the subspecies, with different amounts of barring on the underparts. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the species as one of least-concern.

Cuckooshrike
The cuckooshrikes and allies in the family Campephagidae are small to medium-sized passerine bird species found in the subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The 107 species are divided into 11 genera. The woodshrikes (Tephrodornis) were often considered to be in this family but are now placed in their own family, Vangidae, along with the philentomas and the flycatcher-shrikes. Another genus, Chlamydochaera, which has one species, the black-breasted fruithunter, was often placed in this family but has now been shown to be a thrush (Turdidae).
Mill Creek Bridge (Cherokee, Iowa)
The Mill Creek Bridge is located north of Cherokee, Iowa, United States.  It spans Mill Creek for 207 feet (63 m). On June 24, 1891, a disastrous flood along the Little Sioux River and its tributaries wiped out nearly every bridge in Cherokee County.  The following month the county board of supervisors signed a contract with the George E. King Bridge Co. of Des Moines for 17,650 to replace the bridges.  This Pratt truss bridge was fabricated by the King Bridge Company of Cleveland, Ohio.  It and a similar span over Mill Creek near Larrabee are the only two that remain.  This bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.  A modern concrete span, built just upstream in 2006, now carries the road. The old bridge is closed to vehicular traffic.

King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Company
The King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Company was an American bridge building company. It was based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, and was founded by Zenas King in 1858. It was later managed by his sons, James A. King and Harry W. King, and then his grandson, Norman C. King, until the mid-1920s. Many of the bridges built by the company were used during America's expansion west in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and some of these bridges are still standing today.
Glenn Hughes (producer)
Glenn Hughes (December 7, 1894 – March 21, 1964) wrote for the theater, published theater history, taught at the university level and ran several theaters in Seattle, Washington. He was the founder of the School of Drama at the University of Washington and its first director.

Dramatists Play Service
Dramatists Play Service, Inc. is a theatrical-publishing and licensing house imprint of Broadway Licensing Global. Established in 1936 by members of the Dramatists Guild of America and the Society for Authors' Representatives, DPS publishes English-language acting editions of plays and handles the licensing for professional and nonprofessional English-language productions of these plays in the United States, Canada, and throughout the world.

DPS is based in New York City, with affiliates in London, Australia, South Africa, India, Asia, and South America that serve DPS' interests in their respective regions. The DPS catalogue consists of over 3,300 titles from over 1,300 authors.

Broadway Licensing Global acquired Dramatists Play Service in 2021, adding to its family of imprints which also includes Playscripts and Stageworks. On May 8, 2025, Variety announced that Broadway Licensing had been acquired by Concord and is now a part of Concord Theatricals.
Tvishi (wine)
Tvishi (Georgian: ტვიში, romanized: t'vishi) is an appellation for wines produced in a 15 km2 (3,700 acres) zone around Tvishi village in northwestern Georgia. The zone is on the right bank of the Rioni River and includes Alpana village.

Tvishi is a dry to semi-sweet, still white wine made from Tsolikouri grapes.

Appellation
An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the ingredients of a food or beverage originated, most often used for the origin of wine grapes.  Restrictions other than geographical boundaries, such as what grapes may be grown, maximum grape yields, alcohol level, and other quality factors may also apply before an appellation name may legally appear on a wine bottle label. The rules that govern appellations are dependent on the country in which the wine was produced.
Hillson Bi-mono
The Hillson Bi-mono was a British experimental aircraft of the 1940s. It was designed to test the idea of "slip-wings", where the aircraft could take off as a biplane, jettison the upper, disposable wing, and continue flying as a monoplane. A single example was built, which successfully demonstrated jettisoning of the slip wing in flight.

De Havilland Gipsy Six
The de Havilland Gipsy Six is a British six-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted inline piston engine developed by the de Havilland Engine Company for aircraft use in the 1930s. It was based on the cylinders of the four-cylinder Gipsy Major and was developed into a series of similar aero engines which were still in common use until the 1980s.

The engines were of particular note for their exceptionally low cross-sectional area, a drag-reducing feature which made them ideal for the many racing aircraft of that period. In 1934, the basic bronze-headed Gipsy Six, rated at 185 horsepower (138 kW) at 2,100 rpm was modified for use in the DH.88 Comet air racer as the Gipsy Six "R" which produced 223 horsepower (166 kW) at 2,400 rpm for takeoff. Many Gipsy Six engines remain in service powering vintage aircraft types today.
Dave White (writer, born 1979)
Dave White (born 1979) is a mystery author and educator. White, an eighth grade teacher for the Clifton Public Schools, has written two novels featuring former New Brunswick, New Jersey police detective turned private investigator Jackson Donne. The novels take place in locations around northern New Jersey.

White grew up in Clifton, New Jersey, and graduated from Clifton High School in 1997. He attended Rutgers University and received his MAT from Montclair State University

White's two novels follow the characters established in his 2002 short story "Closure," which won the Derringer Award for Best Short Mystery Story the following year. Publishers Weekly has given both novels starred reviews calling When One Man Dies an "engrossing, evocative debut novel" and writing that his second novel "fulfills the promise of his debut." Roland Person writes in his Library Journal review that "his first novel is awkwardly written and marred by contradictions and improbable events."

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Blasphemy law in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's laws are an amalgam of rules from Sharia (mainly the rules formulated by the Hanbali school of jurisprudence but also from other schools of law like the Ja'fari school), royal decrees, royal ordinances, other royal codes and bylaws, fatwas from the Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) and custom and practice.

Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia)
The Council of Senior Scholars (Arabic: هيئة كبار العلماء, romanized: Hay'at Kibar al-‘Ulama), also known as the Senior Council of Ulama, is the highest religious authority in Saudi Arabia, and serves as an advisory body to the king on religious matters. Members of the council is appointed by the king and receive salaries from the government. As of 2024, the council consists of 21 members.

King Fahd continued the practice established by his predecessors of meeting weekly with council members who residing in the capital, Riyadh.  In 2010, King Abdullah decreed that only members of the Council and a select group of other Islamic scholars were authorized to issue fatwas in Saudi Arabia.
Aqib Javed
Aqib Javed (born 5 February 1997) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Bahawalpur Stags in the 2014–15 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 23 November 2014. He made his List A debut for Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup on 13 September 2018.

Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited cricket team
The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited cricket team, formerly known as Agriculture Development Bank of Pakistan cricket team, was a first-class cricket side in Pakistan. It was sponsored by the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. In May 2019, then Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited in favour of regional sides. The decision and the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) were criticised for removing departmental sides, with players voicing their concern to revive the teams.