hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wheaton station (Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad)
Wheaton, located in Wheaton, Illinois, was the western terminus of the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad's main line, after which it split into two branches bound for Aurora and Elgin. It opened in 1902 alongside the rest of what was then called the "Aurora Elgin and Chicago Railroad" (AE&C), which at the time only extended eastward to 52nd Avenue in Chicago.

Elgin, Illinois
Elgin (/ˈɛldʒɪn/ EL-jin) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago along the Fox River. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 114,797, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state.
Coleophora semicinerea
Coleophora semicinerea is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found on the Canary Islands (Fuerteventura), Morocco, southern Europe (France, the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Greece, Crete and Cyprus) and Yemen.

The larvae feed on Colutea arborescens.

Colutea arborescens
Colutea arborescens is a species of leguminous shrub known by the common name bladder-senna. It is native to Europe and North Africa, but it is known on other continents where it is grown as an ornamental and used in landscaping for erosion control. It is also known in the wild as an occasionally weedy escapee from cultivation.
Roberto Ferrari (cyclist)
Roberto Ferrari (born 9 March 1983) is an Italian former professional cyclist, who competed professionally between 2007 and 2019 for the Tenax, LPR Brakes–Farnese Vini, De Rosa–Stac Plastic, Androni Giocattoli–Venezuela, and UAE Team Emirates teams.

Szuper Beton
Szuper Beton (UCI team code: UNA) was a UCI Continental cycling team, registered in Hungary. The team was founded in 2010 as De Rosa–Stac Plastic after the disappearance of LPR Brakes–Farnese Vini. The team held UCI Professional Continental status from 2010 to 2012, before dropping down to Continental in 2013. The team then downgraded to amateur status for its final two years of existence in 2016 and 2017.
International Trademark Association
The International Trademark Association is concerned with protecting trademarks and complementary intellectual property via advocacy work and offering educational programs and  legal resources.

The association's nearly 6,500 member organizations from 165 countries represent more than 34,000 trademark professionals and include brand owners from major corporations as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, law firms, and nonprofits.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Ganesh Patro
Behara Ganesh Patro (22 June 1945 – 5 January 2015) was an Indian playwright and screenwriter known for his works in Telugu cinema. He started his career in 1965, and wrote dialogues, songs, and stories for Telugu films from the 1970s up to the 1990s, including, Rudraveena, Maro Charitra, Idi Katha Kaadu, Mayuri, and Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu.

He worked in over 100 films and is known for his association with K. Balachander and Kodi Ramakrishna.

Dialogue
Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is an interactive communication between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange. As a philosophical or didactic device, it is chiefly associated in the West with the Socratic dialogue as developed by Plato, but antecedents are also found in other traditions including Indian literature.
Amplitude distortion
Amplitude distortion is distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions.

Generally, output is a linear function of input only for a fixed portion of the transfer characteristics. In this region, Ic=βIb where Ic is collector current and Ib is base current, following linear relation y=mx.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Jia Qing Wilson-Yang
Jia Qing Wilson-Yang is a Canadian writer and musician. Her debut novel Small Beauty was published in 2016.

She was awarded an honour of distinction from the Dayne Ogilvie Prize in 2016, and won the Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Fiction at the 29th Lambda Literary Awards in 2017. Her writing has also appeared in the anthologies Bound to Struggle: Where Kink and Radical Politics Meet and Letters Lived: Radical Reflections, Revolutionary Paths, and in the literary magazine Room.

Wilson-Yang was a member of the Guelph-based Burnt Oak collective and record label. She co-founded the group in 2005 with Ryan Newell and Brad MacInerny. In 2007 she released May All Yr Children Be Dragons which featured songs written while living in Beijing learning Mandarin. The same year Wilson-Yang released the split EP Hands and Feats with Burnt Oak member Richard Laviolette. They supported the release with a seven-week tour of the United States and Canada.

Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Literature
The Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Literature is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation, that awards books with transgender content. Awards are granted based on literary merit and transgender content, and therefore, the writer may be cisgender. The award can be separated into three categories: transgender fiction, transgender nonfiction, and transgender poetry, though early iterations of the award included categories for bisexual/transgender literature, transgender/genderqueer literature, and transgender literature.
Vallega
Vallega is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandro Vallega (born 1964), Chilean-born philosopher

Daniela Vallega-Neu (born 1966), German philosopher

Giovanni Battista Federico Vallega (1876–1944), Italian prelate

Alejandro Vallega
Alejandro Arturo Vallega Arredondo (born February 18, 1964) is a Chilean-born American philosopher and painter. He is a professor of philosophy at the University of Oregon. He is a Faculty Research Fellow of the Center for Gender and Africa Studies of the University of the Free State, South Africa. In his work, he develops an aesthetic philosophy, in which he engages the aesthetic of pre-reflexive affective, embodied, and memorial dimensions of understanding and living experience.
Kosmos 1687
Kosmos 1687 (Russian: Космос 1687 meaning Cosmos 1687) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1985 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1687 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 19:23 UTC on 30 September 1985. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1985-088A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 16103.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
Tressot
Tressot or Tressot noir is a variety of dark-skinned wine grape. Tressot has historically been grown in Burgundy but it is now almost extinct. Some small plantations still remain in the Chablis district of Burgundy.

The grape has been identified as a cross between Duras and Petit Verdot. Duras is a traditional French grape variety currently found only in the Tarn valley northeast of Toulouse. Petit Verdot is one of the classic grapes of Bordeaux.

In the literature it is often confused with the grape variety Trousseau, which is also known as Bastardo

Tarn (river)
The Tarn (French pronunciation: [taʁn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn, Latin: Tarnis, possibly meaning 'rapid' or 'walled in') is a 380.2-kilometre (236.2 mi) long river in the administrative region of Occitania in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Garonne.

The Tarn runs in a roughly westerly direction, from its source at an elevation of 1,550 m (5,090 ft) on Mont Lozère in the Cévennes mountains (part of the Massif Central), through the deep gorges and canyons of the Gorges du Tarn that cuts through the Causse du Larzac, to Moissac in Tarn-et-Garonne, where it joins the Garonne, 4 km (2.5 mi) downstream from the centre of town.

Its basin covers approximately 12,000 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi), and it has a mean flow of approximately 140 cubic metres per second (4,900 cu ft/s).

The Millau Viaduct spans the valley of the Tarn near Millau, and is now one of the area's most popular attractions.
Theatre War
The Theatre War (Swedish: Teaterkriget), Cowberry War, Cranberry War or Lingonberry War (Norwegian: Tyttebærkrigen, Danish: Tyttebærkrigen), was a brief war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden, starting on 24 September 1788, formally lasting until 9 July 1789. Although the decision to launch the attack was taken in Denmark, the majority of the attacking soldiers were Norwegians from the Norwegian army.

The attack was directed towards the region known as Bohuslän in Sweden, and was supposed to act as a diversion to relieve Russia, which was an ally of Denmark–Norway, and had recently been attacked by Sweden (Gustav III's Russian War). This forced Denmark–Norway to honour their alliance between the two states that had been signed in 1773.

Military alliance
A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations that specifies mutual obligations regarding national security. In the event a nation is attacked, members of the alliance are often obligated to come to their defense regardless if attacked directly. Military alliances can be classified into defense pacts, non-aggression pacts, and ententes. Alliances may be covert (as was common from 1870 to 1916) or public.

According to a 2002 dataset of military alliances, there have been 538 alliance treaties from 1815 to 2003. The vast majority of the alliances involve commitments to come to the military support of one ally involved in war. The vast majority are defensive in nature. Since the end of the Second World War, military alliances have usually behaved less aggressively and act more as a deterrent. A 2025 analysis of alliances across the 19th and 20th century found that alliances overall tend to deter war.
Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Attire of Mangalorean Catholics
Attire of Mangalorean Catholics refers to the ethnic wear of Mangalorean Catholic Christians from the Mangalore Diocese & the erstwhile South Canara district, by the southern coast of Carnataca, India.

Megabyte
The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Its recommended unit symbol is MB.  The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1000000 (106) in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one megabyte is one million bytes of information. This definition has been incorporated into the International System of Quantities.

In the computer and information technology fields, other definitions have been used that arose for historical reasons of convenience. A common usage has been to designate one megabyte as 1048576bytes (220 B), a quantity that conveniently expresses the binary architecture of digital computer memory. Standards bodies have deprecated this binary usage of the mega- prefix in favor of a new set of binary prefixes, by means of which the quantity 220 B is named mebibyte (symbol MiB).
Central Harbourfront
The Central Harbourfront is a waterfront site in Central, Hong Kong. It is the result of the Central and Wan Chai Reclamation, and it sits to the east of the International Finance Centre skyscraper.
The harbourfront event space is the site of the Hong Kong Observation Wheel, and has hosted the AIA Vitality Park and Hong Kong ePrix of Formula E. The harbourfront offers a view of Tsim Sha Tsui and Kowloon across Victoria Harbour. At 8pm every night, visitors can enjoy the Symphony of Lights show from the Harbourfront.

Tsim Sha Tsui
Tsim Sha Tsui (Chinese: 尖沙咀), often abbreviated as TST, is an area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hung Hom Bay now east of Tsim Sha Tsui. The area is bounded north by Austin Road and in the east by Hong Chong Road and Cheong Wan Road.

Geographically, Tsim Sha Tsui is a cape on the tip of the Kowloon Peninsula pointing towards Victoria Harbour, opposite Central. Several villages had been established in this location before Kowloon was ceded to the British Empire in 1860. The name Tsim Sha Tsui in Cantonese means sharp sandspit. It was also known as Heung Po Tau (香埗頭), i.e. a port for exporting incense tree.

Tsim Sha Tsui is a major tourist hub in Hong Kong, with many high-end shops, bars, pubs and restaurants that cater to tourists. Many of Hong Kong's museums are located in the area.
Fredrick Yamoah Opoku
Frederick Yamoah Opoku (born 19 September 1997) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Flower City Union, in the National Independent Soccer Association.

Opoku started his career playing for Inter Allies in Ghana. In 2017, he moved to the United States to join New England Revolution in Boston for trials, he spent three weeks with them before joining Harrisburg City Islanders in Pennsylvania that same year on loan from Inter Allies. At Harrisburg City Islanders, Opoku played over 15 matches. He moved on loan the next season to Penn FC where he was noticed by Per Rud, the sporting director of HB Køge in Denmark where he played before moving to Albania.

National Independent Soccer Association
The National Independent Soccer Association (NISA) is a professional men's soccer league in the United States. The league is previously in the third tier of American soccer and began play in 2019. NISA initially used a fall-to-spring season format with a winter break but have switched to spring-to-fall which is more common in the United States. The league went on hiatus during the 2025 season but plans to resume play in 2026.
Ostoja, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Ostoja [ɔsˈtɔja] (German: Schadeleben) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołbaskowo, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Police and 8 km (5 mi) west of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Police, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Police (Polish: [pɔˈlʲit͡sɛ]; German: Pölitz) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It is the capital of Police County and one of the biggest towns of the Szczecin metropolitan area.

The town is situated on the Oder River and its estuary, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The centre of Police is situated about 15 kilometres (9 miles) north of the centre of Szczecin.
Madre mía gracias por los días
Madre mía gracias por los días is the debut album by the hardcore band Xibalba, originally released in 2010 by the band itself and Beatdown Hardware Records. Later, re-released on June 21, 2011 by A389 Recordings and Southern Lord Recordings.

Southern Lord Records
Southern Lord is an American heavy metal record label that was founded in 1998 by Greg Anderson. It initially specialized in experimental metal: particularly doom metal, stoner rock, and drone metal.  The label later expanded its line-up to include artists from black metal, hardcore punk and crust punk bands.
Lydia Kindermann
Lydia Kindermann (1892–1953) was a Polish mezzo-soprano opera singer who from 1917 sang principally in the opera houses of Graz, Stuttgart, Cologne, Berlin and Prague. As a Jew, fearing the rise of Nazism, she emigrated to Argentina in 1938 where she soon became a star of the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires and acquired Argentine citizenship. She is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian roles, including Ortrud in Lohengrin, Erda and Waltraute in the Ring Cycle and Magdalene in the Meistersinger. In the 1940s, she also performed in Chile and Uruguay. She returned to Austria in 1949 where she appeared in a recital in Innsbrück and taught voice in Vienna.

Lohengrin
Lohengrin (German: [ˈloːənɡʁiːn]) is a character in German Arthurian literature. The son of Parzival (Percival), he is a knight of the Holy Grail sent in a boat pulled by swans to rescue a maiden who can never ask his identity. His story, which first appears in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, is a version of the Knight of the Swan legend known from a variety of medieval sources. Wolfram's story was expanded in two later romances. Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin of 1848 is based upon the legend.
The Cambridge Building Society
The Cambridge Building Society is a UK mutual building society based in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England.  It is the 13th largest in the United Kingdom based on total assets of more than £1.8 billion at December 2022. It is a member of the Building Societies Association. It was formed in 1850 as the Cambridgeshire Permanent Benefit Building Society, adopting its current name in 1945.

There is no connection between the Cambridge Building Society and the Cambridge Foresters’ Benefit Building Society which was dissolved in 1960 or the Cambridge Peers Economic Building Society which was dissolved in 1972.

Building Societies Association
The Building Societies Association (BSA) is the trade body that represents all building societies and several large credit unions in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1869 under the original name Building Societies Protection Association, with the aim of coordinating a collective response to proposed government changes that threatened stamp duty exemptions for mutual lenders.

As of 2024, the BSA represents 49 member institutions, comprising 42 building societies and 7 credit unions, which together serve approximately c. 26 million customers across the UK.

The association advocates on behalf of its members in relation to financial services regulation, legislation, and policy developments in both the UK and Europe. It also provides research, public affairs support, and guidance for the mutual sector, with a focus on ensuring a sustainable and competitive environment for member institutions.
Garra jordanica
Garra jordanica is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. This small fish, up to 10 cm (4 in) in standard length, is found in the northern Dead Sea basin, including the Jordan River system and Lake Kinneret, in Israel, Jordan and Syria. Populations in the coastal rivers of Kishon, Daliyya, and Taninnim have not been studied in detail, but may also be this species. In the past all these populations were included in G. rufa. Since the "G. rufa" seen in the aquarium and spa trade mostly are of Israeli origin, this leads to questions over their true identity. In the southern Dead Sea basin G. jordanica is replaced by the much rarer G. ghorensis.

Nahal Taninim
Nahal Taninim or Tanninim (Hebrew: נחל תנינים, lit. 'Crocodiles Stream') or Wadi az-Zarka (Arabic: وَادِي الزرقاء, lit. 'Blue Stream') is a river in Israel near the Arab town Jisr az-Zarqa, originating near Ramot Menashe and emptying into the Mediterranean Sea south of Ma'agan Michael. It marks the southern limit of the Hof HaCarmel, or Carmel Coastal Plain region.

there is a dam on the river channel that is used for a nearby plant. in the rainy season if the water level is high enough, the water is diverted to a reservoir to enrich the groundwater.
Nabakalebara 2015
The Nabakalebara  2015 is a celebration of the ancient ritual of the Nabakalebara associated with most of the Jagannath Temples when the idols of Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, Subhadra and Sudarshan are replaced by a new set of idols; the last such festival of events was held in 1996. The period of the festival is chosen according to the Hindu Calendar, conforming to the astrological planetary positions. The festival during 2015 involves several schedules, and it has started from 23 March with Banajaga Yatra (a process of search to select the neem tree to make new images to replace the old ones) and will conclude with Rathayatra followed Sunabesa (adorning the new images of gods with golden attire) on 27 July, with many other rituals being held in between on specific dates. More than 5 million devotees are expected to participate in these rituals held in and around the temple complex of the Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha.

Sudarshana Chakra
The Sudarshana Chakra (Sanskrit: सुदर्शनचक्र, IAST: Sudarśanacakra) is a divine discus, attributed to the god Vishnu in the Hindu scriptures. The Sudarshana Chakra is generally portrayed on the right rear hand of the four hands of Vishnu, who also holds the Panchajanya (conch), the Kaumodaki (mace), and the Padma (lotus).

In the Rigveda, the Sudarshana Chakra is stated to be Vishnu's symbol as the wheel of time. The discus later emerged as an ayudhapurusha (an anthropomorphic form), as a fierce form of Vishnu, used for the destruction of demons. As an ayudhapurusha, the deity is known as Chakraperumal, Chakratalvar, Chakradhara, or Chakrapani.