hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Placental microbiome
The placental microbiome is the nonpathogenic, commensal bacteria claimed to be present in a healthy human placenta and is distinct from bacteria that cause infection and preterm birth in chorioamnionitis. Until recently, the healthy placenta was considered to be a sterile organ but now genera and species have been identified that reside in the basal layer.

It should be stressed that the evidence for a placental microbiome is controversial. Most studies supporting the existence of a placental microbiome lack the appropriate experimental controls, and it has been found that contamination is most likely responsible for reports of a placental microbiome.

The placental microbiome more closely resembles that of the oral microbiome than either the vaginal or rectal microbiome.

Stratum basale
The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the external covering of skin in mammals.

The stratum basale is a single  layer of columnar or cuboidal basal cells. The cells are attached to each other and to the overlying stratum spinosum cells by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. The nucleus is large, ovoid and occupies most of the cell. Some basal cells  can act like stem cells with the ability to divide and produce new cells, and these are sometimes called basal keratinocyte stem cells. Others serve to anchor the epidermis glabrous skin (hairless), and hyper-proliferative epidermis (from a skin disease).

They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially. Other types of cells found within the stratum basale are melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) and Merkel cells (touch receptors).
Michelino da Besozzo
Michelino Molinari da Besozzo (c. 1370 – c. 1455) was a notable fifteenth century Italian painter and illuminator, who was widely praised for his work. He worked mostly in Milan and Lombardy, and was employed by the Visconti family, rulers of Milan. Michelino's work follows the traditions of the Lombard School, and maintains the Trecento style.

Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (16 October 1351 – 3 September 1402), was the first duke of Milan (1395) and ruled that late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance. He also ruled Lombardy jointly with his uncle Bernabò. He was the founding patron of the Certosa di Pavia, completing the Visconti Castle at Pavia begun by his father and furthering work on the Duomo of Milan. He conquered a large area in the Po valley of northern Italy. He threatened war with France in relation to the transfer of Genoa to French control as well as issues with his beloved daughter Valentina. When he died of fever in the Castello of Melegnano, his children fought with each other and fragmented the territories that he had ruled.
Ranum (surname)
Ranum is a surname of Norwegian or Danish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Edith Ranum (1922–2002), Norwegian crime fiction writer, novelist and playwright

Jane Ranum (born 1947), American politician

Marcus J. Ranum (born 1962), American computer and network security researcher

Roy W. Ranum (1898–1990), American politician

Marcus J. Ranum
Marcus J. Ranum (born November 5, 1962, in New York City, New York, United States) is an American computer and network security researcher. He is credited with a number of innovations in firewalls, including building the first Internet email server for the whitehouse.gov domain, and intrusion detection systems. He has held technical and leadership positions with a number of computer security companies, and is a faculty member of the Institute for Applied Network Security.
Mikael Hestdahl
Mikael Hestdahl (13 November 1890 – 13 October 1918) was a Norwegian wrestler. He competed in the featherweight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was killed in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive during World War I.

Wrestling at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman featherweight
The Greco-Roman featherweight competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics was part of the wrestling programme.

The competition used a form of double-elimination tournament.  Rather than using the brackets that are now standard for double-elimination contests (and which assure that each match is between two competitors with the same number of losses), each wrestler drew a number.  Each man would face off against the wrestler with the next number, provided he had not already faced that wrestler and that the wrestler was not from the same nation as him (unless this was necessary to avoid byes).

When only three wrestlers remain (the medalists), the double-elimination halts and a special final round is used to determine the order of the medals.

Featherweight was the lightest category, including wrestlers weighing up to 60 kilograms (130 lb).
Premio Lo Nuestro 2010
Premio Lo Nuestro 2010 was held on Thursday February 18, 2010 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, FL was broadcast live on the Univision Network. The nominees were announced in December 2009 during a live televised morning show Despierta América! on Univision Network. This year marked the first time the awards are presented in High Definition.

Luis Enrique (singer)
Luis Enrique Mejía López (born September 28, 1962) is a Nicaraguan-American singer-songwriter and musician. He is known as "El Príncipe de la Salsa" (The Prince of Salsa). A grammy-award-winning artist, he has released over 20 albums and achieved widespread success, including his single "Yo No Sé Mañana" which was awarded a Latin Grammy Award for "Best Tropical Song".

With nearly 30 years in the music industry, he has accomplished several gold and platinum albums. During his peak he also performed as a session musician and provided percussion for many other artists including Ricky Martin, Foreigner, Juan Luis Guerra, Chayanne and others. He also worked in other genres such as merengue and pop.
Paul Wenck
Paul Wenck (1892–1964) was a German and American painter, graphic artist and illustrator, particularly of book dust jackets.

Wenck was born in 1892 in Berlin, Germany. In 1941, he was living in New Rochelle, New York.

He is probably best known for his dust jackets designs for the Little, Brown and Company US first editions of the novels of Erich Maria Remarque, including All Quiet on the Western Front, The Road Back and Three Comrades.

He illustrated the dust jackets of Ernst Glaeser's Class of 1902 published in 1929, Cicely Hilda Farmer's Artemis Weds published in 1932, and Alfred Kreymborg's I'm No Hero published in 1933.

New Rochelle, New York
New Rochelle (/rəˈʃɛl/ rə-SHEL) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, located approximately 17 miles (27 km) from Midtown Manhattan. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the 7th-largest city and 22nd-most populous municipality in New York.
Center Road Culvert
The Center Road Culvert is a historic stone culvert on Center Road at Mallory Brook in East Montpelier, Vermont.  It was built in 1899 as an early project after the establishment of the Vermont Highway Commission in 1898, and is a well-preserved example of dry-laid stone box culvert.  The last major work on the culvert was performed in 1930, after it suffered damage in Vermont's devastating 1927 floods. VTrans recommended the culvert undergo preservation rather than replacement following damage from Hurricane Irene, and Mallory Brook is to be rerouted through a larger modern structure.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

Vermont Agency of Transportation
The Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) is a government agency of the U.S. state of Vermont that is responsible for planning, constructing, and maintaining a variety of transportation infrastructure in the state. This includes roads, bridges, state-owned railroads, airports, park and ride facilities, bicycle facilities, pedestrian paths, public transportation facilities and services, and Department of Motor Vehicles operations and motor carrier enforcement.
Sanjiang Plain
The Sanjiang Plain (Chinese: 三江平原; lit. 'three rivers plain') is a fluvial plain around the confluences among the Amur River, Songhua River and Ussuri River in Northeast Asia, encompassing about 109,000 km2 (42,000 sq mi) with extensive wetlands.. The plain is located within the Sanjiang Basin, a bullet-shaped structural basin enclosed by the Lesser Khingan Range to the west, the Bureya and Badzhal Ranges to the north, the Sikhote-Alin to the east, and the Wanda Mountains to the south. The southwestern portion of the plain upstream of and between the courses of the Amur and Ussuri belongs to China, encompassing 23 counties of the Heilongjiang province; while the rest of the region belongs to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Khabarovsk Krai of Russia's Far Eastern Federal District, and includes Khabarovsk, the second-largest city of the Russian Far East.

Far Eastern Federal District
The Far Eastern Federal District (Russian: Дальневосточный федеральный округ, IPA: [dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstot͡ɕnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is the largest and the least populated federal district of Russia, with a population of around 7.9 million and an area of 6,952,555 square kilometres (2,684,396 square miles). The federal district is within North Asia as per the UN geoscheme and it is coextensive with the Russian Far East.
Speech science
Speech science refers to the study of production, transmission and perception of speech. Speech science involves anatomy, in particular the anatomy of the oro-facial region and neuroanatomy, physiology, and acoustics.

Vocal tract
The vocal tract or speech apparatus is the cavity in mammals and in birds where the sound produced at the sound source (larynx in mammals; syrinx in birds) is filtered.

In mammals, it consists of the laryngeal cavity, the pharynx, the oral cavity, and the nasal cavity. In birds, it consists of the trachea, the syrinx, the oral cavity, the upper part of the esophagus, and the beak.

The estimated average length of the vocal tract in men is 16.9 cm and 14.1 cm in women.
Lož Karst Field
The Lož Karst Field (pronounced [ˈloːʃ]; Slovene: Loško polje), also known as the Lož Valley (Slovene: Loška dolina), is a karst field in Inner Carniola in southwest Slovenia. It is the smallest karst field in Inner Carniola.

Polje
A polje, also called karst polje or karst field, is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually in the range of 5–400 km2 (2–154 sq mi). The name derives from the Slavic languages, where polje literally means 'field', whereas in English polje specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field.
SN postcode area
The SN postcode area, also known as the Swindon postcode area, is a group of eighteen postcode districts in England, within ten post towns. These cover north Wiltshire (including Swindon, Chippenham, Calne, Corsham, Devizes, Malmesbury, Marlborough, Melksham and Pewsey), as well as a small part of south-west Oxfordshire (including Faringdon) and a very small part of Gloucestershire.

Melksham
Melksham (/ˈmɛlkʃəm/) is a town and civil parish on the River Avon in Wiltshire, England, about 4.5 miles (7 km) northeast of Trowbridge and 6 miles (10 km) south of Chippenham. The parish population was 18,113 at the 2021 census.
Expected value of sample information
In decision theory, the expected value of sample information (EVSI) is the expected increase in utility that a decision-maker could obtain from gaining access to a sample of additional observations before making a decision.  The additional information obtained from the sample may allow them to make a more informed, and thus better, decision, thus resulting in an increase in expected utility.  EVSI attempts to estimate what this improvement would be before seeing actual sample data; hence, EVSI is a form of what is known as preposterior analysis. The use of EVSI in decision theory was popularized by Robert Schlaifer and Howard Raiffa in the 1960s.

Howard Raiffa
Howard Raiffa (/ˈreɪfə/ RAY-fə; January 24, 1924 – July 8, 2016) was an American academic who was the Frank P. Ramsey Professor (Emeritus) of Managerial Economics, a joint chair held by the Business School and Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. He was an influential Bayesian decision theorist and pioneer in the field of decision analysis, with works in statistical decision theory, game theory, behavioral decision theory, risk analysis, and negotiation analysis. He helped found and was the first director of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
Devadiga
Devadiga (Sanskrit: देवाडिगः, romanized: Dēvāḍiga) also known as Moily, Sherigar is a Hindu community or caste. Devadigas were traditionally temple servants and musicians in Hindu temples. Devadigas are originally from the land stretching between Karwar in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka and Kasaragod district of Kerala and some parts of Maharashtra in west-coast of India up to the Chandragiri River and many people live in Shivamogga and Chikmagalur too. It is believed that their two divisions, namely Kannada Devadiga (Moily) and Tulu Devadiga (Moily); were endogamous in the past.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
Villa Troyon
The Villa Troyon is a complex of late-19th- and early-20th-century sculpture and painting studios built at 3-7 rue de Bagneux (today rue Jean-Ferrandi) in the 6th arrondissement of Paris.

Situated along a series of narrow passages near rue de Vaugirard and constructed from bricks and timber, the complex was founded by the Loysel family. It was later associated with artist residents including Diego Rivera, Moïse Kisling, Augusta Savage, Juana Muller, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and Bolesłas Biegas.

Rue de Vaugirard
The Rue de Vaugirard (French pronunciation: [ʁy d(ə) voʒiʁaʁ]; English: Street of Vaugirard) is the longest street inside Paris's former city walls, at 4.3 km (2.7 mi). It spans the 6th and 15th arrondissements. The Senate, housed in the Palais du Luxembourg, is at 15 Rue de Vaugirard.
Nyctegretis lineana
Nyctegretis lineana is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found from Europe to China and Mongolia.

The wingspan is 17–19 mm (0.67–0.75 in). The butterflies are on wing from July to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Ononis repens repens, Ononis repens spinosa and sometimes Trifolium.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Do or Die (Tim Dog album)
Do or Die is the second studio album by American New York-based rapper Tim Dog. It was released in 1993 via Ruffhouse/Columbia, and produced by Tim Dog, Ced Gee, T.R. Love, and Kool Keith of Ultramagnetic MC's. The album represented Tim's shift of focus, away from confrontation with the West Coast and concentrated on hardcore East Coast rap. The album contained a shout-out to Tupac Shakur whom Tim thanked for assisting him when involved in a potentially violent situation when touring in California.

The album peaked at number 53 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 17 on the Heatseekers Albums, spawning a single "I Get Wrecked" with KRS-One, which peaked at number 8 on the Hot Rap Songs.

East Coast hip-hop
East Coast hip-hop is a regional subgenre of hip-hop music that originated in New York City during the 1970s. Hip-hop is recognized to have originated and evolved first in the Bronx borough of New York City.

In contrast to other styles, East Coast hip-hop music prioritizes complex lyrics for attentive listening rather than beats for dancing. The term "East Coast hip-hop" more specifically denotes hip-hop originating from the Northeastern United States. Southeastern states such as Georgia or Florida instead produce Southern hip-hop rather than East Coast hip-hop, although the District of Columbia, Virginia, and Maryland produce East Coast hip-hop.
Government procurement in the United Kingdom
Government procurement in the United Kingdom is the purchase of goods, works (construction) or services by government agencies at the national and local levels.In 2023-24, £341 billion was spent on procurement from the private sector, 32% of public spending.

The Procurement Act 2023, which received royal assent on 26 October 2023, took effect from 24 February 2025 and governs the conduct of government procurement. Before the United Kingdom joined the European Communities in 1973 there was no significant legislation governing public procurement. In the intervening period, government procurement was subject to European Union procurement legislation.

Minister for the Cabinet Office
The minister for the Cabinet Office is a position in the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom. The minister is responsible for the work and policies of the Cabinet Office, and since February 2022, reports to the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The position is currently the third highest ranking minister in the Cabinet Office, after the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

From the second May ministry until mid-2019 when the first Johnson ministry came to power, it functioned as an alternative title to Deputy Prime Minister or First Secretary of State. This practice ended when Dominic Raab was appointed as First Secretary of State on 24 July 2019, by Boris Johnson. Since a reshuffle in February 2022, the role attends Cabinet but not as a full member.

The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow minister for the Cabinet Office.
Home Movie: The Princess Bride
Home Movie: The Princess Bride is an American comedy television miniseries directed by Jason Reitman, a "fan-made" recreation of the 1987 film The Princess Bride. Produced while the participating actors were isolating themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, it is filmed in a deliberately DIY fashion, with an ensemble cast recording their scenes on their own smartphones, and multiple actors playing the most prominent roles. It features the final screen performance of Carl Reiner, the father of the original film's director Rob Reiner. It premiered in short installments in June and July 2020, on Quibi.

Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book, book, or video game created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. It is a form of fan fiction. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in quality, as well as in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to full-length motion pictures. Fan films are also examples of fan labor and the remix culture. Closely related concepts are fandubs, fansubs and vidding which are reworks of fans on already released film material.
Nevatim
Nevatim (Hebrew: נבטים, lit. 'Sprouts') is a moshav in southern Israel. Located in the northern Negev desert around 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Beersheba, it falls under the jurisdiction of Bnei Shimon Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,137.

The nearest settlements are the Bedouin towns of Tel Sheva to the north and Shaqib al-Salam to the south. 10 km (6 mi) to the south-east lies Nevatim Airbase, named after the moshav.

Dimona
Dimona (Hebrew: דִּימוֹנָה, Arabic: ديمونا) is an Israeli city in the Negev desert, 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the south-east of Beersheba and 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of the Dead Sea above the Arava valley in the Southern District of Israel. In 2023 its population was 39,230. The Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center, colloquially known as the Dimona Reactor, is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) southeast of the city.
Selenium (software)
Selenium is an open source umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries aimed at supporting browser automation. It provides a playback tool for authoring functional tests across most modern web browsers, without the need to learn a test scripting language (Selenium IDE). It also provides a test domain-specific language (Selenese) to write tests in a number of popular programming languages, including JavaScript (Node.js), C#, Groovy, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby and Scala. A C++ wrapper exists on its git page, but has not been updated in years. Selenium runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS. It is open-source software released under the Apache License 2.0.

Apache License
The Apache License is a permissive free-software license written by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). It allows users to use the software for any purpose, to distribute it, to modify it, and to distribute modified versions of the software under the terms of the license, without concern for royalties. The ASF and its projects release their software products under the Apache License. The license is also used by many non-ASF projects.
Lotus Island
Lotus Island is a 0.2-mile-long (320 m) island in the Aleutian Islands chain of the U.S. state of Alaska. It lies within the Aleutians West Census Area. Located at 52°43′55″N 174°03′55″E﻿ / ﻿52.73194°N 174.06528°E﻿ / 52.73194; 174.06528 in the Semichi Islands group of the Near Islands, it is the least prominent of the two islands in the Shemya Pass, which separates Nizki and Shemya islands. "Lotus" is also the name of an island in the Odyssey.

Guitarist Buckethead recorded a song named after this island. The American rock band Black Light Burns titled their 2013 concept album after the island. In the film The Holy Mountain (1973), the island is chosen by the great alchemist to reveal their final journey.

Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
Aleutians West Census Area (Russian: Западные Алеутские острова) is a census area located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,232, down from 5,561 in 2010.

It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest city is Unalaska, home to about 80% of the population. It contains most of the Aleutian Islands, from Attu Island in the west to Unalaska Island in the east, as well as the Pribilof Islands, which lie north of the Aleutians in the Bering Sea.
Waiʻalae, Hawaii
Waiʻalae (Hawaiian pronunciation: [wɐjʔəˈlɐe]) is a neighborhood of Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu in Hawaiʻi, United States. The Waiʻalae means "mudhen water". The Waiʻalae Country Club is here and Waiʻalae Iki and Waiʻalae Nui, which are above Waiʻalae along the ridge, are located here, also. It is also home to Chaminade University of Honolulu. Val Ossipoff designed many organic homes and buildings in Waiʻalae Nui.

Chaminade University of Honolulu
Chaminade University of Honolulu is a private Marianist university in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. Founded in 1955 by the Society of Mary, Chaminade is located in Kaimuki, Honolulu at the base of St. Louis Heights. Chaminade offers bachelor's degrees in 23 fields of study and 5 master's degree programs. Chaminade University is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.