hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xiao Pan
Xiao Pan is a French publisher and distributor of full-color Chinese manhua, both in French-language and original Chinese form.  They are based in France, with offices in Belgium, Switzerland, and Canada.  Several of their titles have been licensed for translation and release to English-speaking audiences.

Manhua
Manhua (traditional Chinese: 漫畫; simplified Chinese: 漫画; pinyin: mànhuà) are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

They are usually graphic and can be written for a myriad of genres, including romance, fantasy, historical, thrillers, paranormal, and horror. The narratives are varied but often include tropes and plots common to Asian culture and settings.

The first major manhua magazine, Shanghai Sketch, first published in 1928. During the early 20th century, political manhua  were printed as propaganda during times of political upheaval. At the start of the 21st century, Chinese cartoonists began to publish manhua through social media and microblogging websites.
Willi Lesch
Willi Lesch (born 11 December 1942 in Munich) is a German former alpine skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics and 1972 Winter Olympics. Competitions include Men's Downhill, Men's Giant Slalom, and Men's Slalom.

1972 Winter Olympics
The 1972 Winter Olympics, officially the XI Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sapporo 1972, were a winter multi-sport event held from February 3 to 13, 1972, in Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. It was the first Winter Olympic Games to take place outside Europe and North America.
Peter and the Magic Egg
Peter and the Magic Egg is a 1983 animated musical Easter television special produced by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson. It is narrated by Uncle Amos the egg, voiced by Ray Bolger. The special aired in syndication on March 23, 1983.

This special was produced as a promotional tie-in for Paas Easter egg dye.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Esteban Valenzuela García
Esteban Valenzuela García (born 2 September 1948) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

Valenzuela García was municipal president of Ahome from 1999 to 2001. 
In the 2003 mid-terms he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Sinaloa's 2nd district during the 59th session of Congress.

Ahome
Ahome (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈome]) is a municipality on the coast of the Gulf of California in the northwestern part of the Mexican state of Sinaloa, being the westernmost municipality in Sinaloa; it is adjacent to the southern border of Sonora state. It reported 388,344 inhabitants in the 2005 census. Ahome (population 10,840) is also the name of the second-largest community in the municipality. The municipal seat is the port city of Los Mochis, its largest community. It is a commercial corridor to the northwest of the country. It is situated on the Pacific coastal plain, at the entrance of the Gulf of California and lies in the heart of a rich agricultural region, Fort Valley. It stands at .
Agnes Mulder
Agnes Henriëtte Mulder (born 21 October 1973) is a Dutch politician who is serving as the King's Commissioner of Drenthe since December 2025.

She was a member of the House of Representatives from 2012 till 2023.

A member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), she was previously elected to the municipal council of Assen in 2010, where she chaired the party group. Mulder started her political career as a member of the States Provincial of Drenthe, a position she held from 2003 to 2010. She is a member of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN).

2010 Dutch municipal elections
Municipal elections were held on Wednesday 3 March 2010 in most municipalities in the Netherlands. This election determined the composition of the municipal councils for the following four years. The elections were held a few weeks after the fall of the Fourth Balkenende cabinet.

Nearly 24% of the vote went to local parties and independent candidates, more than any national political party. The Labour Party remained the most popular party overall, despite a significant decline in their vote share. Support for the CDA also decreased, while the VVD made moderate gains and Democrats 66 nearly doubled their support. The CDA held the most seats of any party, mainly due to its higher level of support in rural areas. The Party for Freedom only contested the cities of Almere and The Hague, where it became the largest and second-largest party respectively.
William Howell (cricketer, born 1883)
William Boyne Howell (13 July 1883 – 18 February 1960) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1902 to 1919.

Howell was a left-arm medium pace bowler and right-handed tail-end batsman. His best bowling figures were 6 for 50 and 7 for 32 in Canterbury's victory over Wellington in 1902–03. He also represented South Island in two matches.

Howell's first wife died in April 1912. He died in Christchurch in February 1960, aged 76, leaving a widow, two daughters and a son.

South Island cricket team
The South Island cricket team is a representative cricket team in New Zealand made up of players from the South Island. They have played intermittently in first-class matches since 1902–03 and in List A matches since 1981–82.
Narcissa Chisholm Owen
Narcissa Clark Owen (née Chisholm; October 3, 1831 – July 11, 1911) was a Native American educator, memoirist, and artist of the late 19th and early 20th century. She was the daughter of Old Settler Cherokee Chief Thomas Chisholm, wife of Virginia state senator Robert L. Owen Sr. and mother of U.S. Senator Robert Latham Owen Jr. and Major William Otway Owen. Narcissa Owen is most recognized for her Memoirs written in 1907, where she narrates accounts of her life along with the stories and culture of her Cherokee relatives.

Point of Honor
Point of Honor is an historic home, now a city museum, located in Lynchburg, Virginia. The property has commanding views of the city and the James River.  Its name originated due to the land on which it is built being used as a clandestine dueling ground.
Grave Oak
The Grave Oak (in German: Grabeiche, also known as the burial oak, Thümmel oak or "thousand-year-old oak") is a striking old specimen of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in Nöbdenitz in Thuringia. There is a grave site in the tree's hollow trunk.

According to the Guinness Book of Records, it is the oldest pedunculate oak in Europe. However, the age of around 2000 years stated in the Guinness Book is contested. According to the latest literature, the oak is estimated to be between 700 and 800 years old. The oak is located in the centre of Nöbdenitz, about six kilometres southwest of Schmölln, in the Thuringian district of Altenburger Land. In its root zone, directly below the hollow trunk, there is a brick-built crypt containing the body of the manor owner Hans Wilhelm von Thümmel, who died in 1824. He was a writer, chronicler and cartographer of the Duchy of Altenburg and had acquired this unusual burial place from the parish before his death.

Altenburger Land
Altenburger Land is a district in Thuringia, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the district of Greiz, the Burgenlandkreis (Saxony-Anhalt), and the districts Leipzig, Mittelsachsen and Zwickau in Saxony. The district is a member of the Central German Metropolitan Region.
The Sky Skidder
The Sky Skidder is a 1929 American silent action film directed by Bruce M. Mitchell and written by Carl Krusada and Gardner Bradford. The film stars Al Wilson, Helen Foster, Wilbur McGaugh, and Gilbert Holmes. The film was released on January 13, 1929, by Universal Pictures.

Like many actors in the silent film era, Wilson did not survive the transition to "talkies", with The Sky Skidder, his penultimate film.

Al Wilson (pilot)
Albert Peter Wilson (December 1, 1895 – September 5, 1932) was an American film actor, producer and stunt pilot. Wilson died in Cleveland, Ohio, in an air crash while doing flying stunts at the 1932 Cleveland Air Races show.
Patrick Sharkey
Patrick Sharkey (born c. 1977) is an American urban sociologist and criminologist. He has been Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs at Princeton University since 2019. He was formerly Professor and Chair of the Department of Sociology at New York University, with an affiliation at NYU's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service.

Sharkey's research focuses on crime, policing, and public safety. He leads Americanviolence.org—a project which maps fatal shootings in the United States.

Wagner Graduate School of Public Service
The Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service is the public policy school of New York University in New York City, New York. The school was named after New York City former mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. in 1989.
The Real Housewives of New York City season 2
The second season of The Real Housewives of New York City, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It aired February 17, 2009 until May 28, 2009, and is primarily filmed in New York City, New York. Its executive producers are Andrew Hoegl, Barrie Bernstein, Lisa Shannon, Pam Healy and Andy Cohen.

The Real Housewives of New York City focuses on the lives of Bethenny Frankel, LuAnn de Lesseps, Alex McCord, Ramona Singer, Jill Zarin and Kelly Killoren Bensimon. It consisted of 15 episodes.

Jill Zarin
Jill Zarin is an American television personality and philanthropist. She is best known as an original cast member on the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of New York City, in which she starred from 2008 to 2011.
NYC Man: Greatest Hits
NYC Man: Greatest Hits is a compilation by Lou Reed. It's a single-disc version of his previous compilation NYC Man: The Ultimate Collection 1967–2003 with two new mixes of "Satellite of Love" and "Walk on the Wild Side".

Walk on the Wild Side (Lou Reed song)
"Walk on the Wild Side" is a song by American rock musician Lou Reed from his second solo album, Transformer (1972). It was produced by David Bowie and Mick Ronson and released as a double A-side with "Perfect Day". Known as a counterculture anthem, the song received heavy radio play and became Reed's biggest hit and signature song.

The song's lyrics describe various individuals and their journeys to New York City. Specifically, the song refers to several of the regular "superstars" at Andy Warhol's New York studio, the Factory: Holly Woodlawn, Candy Darling, Joe Dallesandro, Jackie Curtis and Joe Campbell (referred to in the song by the nickname "Sugar Plum Fairy"). "Walk on the Wild Side" touched on topics considered taboo at the time it was released, including transgender people, drugs, male prostitution, and oral sex.
Arnold R. Highfield
Arnold Ray Highfield (March 10, 1940 – September 8, 2019) was an American professor, historian, linguist, writer, and poet, best known for his historical works on the Danish West Indies and the United States Virgin Islands.

Danish West Indies
The Danish West Indies (Danish: Dansk Vestindien), also known as the Danish Virgin Islands (Danish: Danske Jomfruøer) or the Danish Antilles, were a Danish colony in the Caribbean, consisting of the islands of Saint Thomas with 83 square kilometres (32 sq mi), Saint John (Danish: St. Jan) with 49 square kilometres (19 sq mi), Saint Croix with 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi), and Water Island.

Water Island was sold in 1905 to the Danish East Asiatic Company. The islands of St Thomas, St John, and St Croix were purchased by the United States in 1917 and became known as the United States Virgin Islands. Water Island was bought by the US Government in 1944, and became part of the US Virgin Islands in 1996.
Eric Goles
Eric Antonio Goles Chacc (born August 21, 1951, in Antofagasta, Chile) is a Chilean mathematician and computer scientist of Croatian descent. He studied mathematical engineering at the University of Chile before earning two doctorates from the University of Grenoble in France. His research focuses on discrete mathematics, theoretical computer science, complex systems, and cellular automata.

Goles is currently a full professor at Adolfo Ibáñez University in Chile, where he founded and directs a Ph.D. program in complex systems.

In 1993, Goles was awarded Chile's National Prize for Exact Sciences. He also served as President of CONICYT, the Chilean equivalent of the National Science Foundation in the U.S..

Mathematical engineering
Mathematical engineering is an interdisciplinary academic and professional field that combines mathematics, engineering, and computational science to model, analyze, and solve real-world problems in engineering, industry, finance, and technology. Mathematical engineers use advanced mathematical methods to develop algorithms, simulations, and predictive models for complex systems.

Mathematical engineering is not as established as mathematical physics, so researchers focus on sub-fields like information theory, control theory, signal processing, image processing, theory of computation, systems theory.
Siege of Penukonda
The Siege of Penukonda in 1590 was a conflict between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Golconda Sultanate. Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah marched to Penukonda which was then the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire and surrounded the city in an attempt to force its surrender. At first the situation looked dangerous for Vijayanagara but Venkatapati Raya used the short peace in fighting to strengthen the fort and bring in a large army for support. When the battle resumed the forces of Vijayanagara defeated the Golconda troops. The Sultan was forced to withdraw ending the siege.

Raghunatha Nayak
Raghunatha Nayak was a Telugu king of the Thanjavur Nayak Dynasty. He was the third ruler of Thanjavur, southern India, from the Nayak dynasty. He ruled from 1600 to 1634 and is noted for the attainments of Thanjavur in literature, art, and Carnatic music.
Jan Mohammad Khan
Jan Mohammad Khan (died July 17, 2011) was a politician in Afghanistan, who served as Governor of Oruzgan Province from January 2002 to March 2006, member of the National Assembly, and a special adviser to President Hamid Karzai. He was an elder of the Popolzai Pashtun tribe in Oruzgan and a close ally of Hamid Karzai, who was from the Popalzai Durrani tribe.

Politics of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a theocratic emirate with a totalitarian regime ruled by the Taliban, a political and militant Islamist movement adhering to the Deobandi jihadist ideology with Pashtunwali influences, which holds a monopoly on power. Dissent is not permitted, and politics are mostly limited to internal Taliban policy debates and power struggles. There is no constitution or other basis for the rule of law. The structure is autocratic, with all power concentrated in the hands of the supreme leader and his clerical advisors. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Afghanistan was as of 2023 the 4th least electoral democratic country in the world.

Afghanistan has been unstable for decades, with frequent coups, civil wars, and violent transfers of power. Most recently, the Taliban seized power in 2021 from the Western-backed Islamic Republic, and re-formed the government to implement a far stricter interpretation of Sharia law according to the Hanafi school.
Biblical genre
A Biblical genre is a classification of Bible literature according to literary genre. The genre of a particular Bible passage is ordinarily identified by analysis of its general writing style, tone, form, structure, literary technique, content, design, and related linguistic factors; texts that exhibit a common set of literary features (very often in keeping with the writing styles of the times in which they were written) are together considered to be belonging to a genre. In Biblical studies, genres are usually associated with whole books of the Bible, because each of its books comprises a complete textual unit; however, a book may be internally composed of a variety of styles, forms, and so forth, and thus bear the characteristics of more than one genre (for example, chapter 1 of the Book of Revelation is prophetic/visionary; chapters 2 and 3 are similar to the epistle genre; etc.).

Book of Jonah
The Book of Jonah is one of the twelve minor prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible, and an individual book in the Old Testament where it has four chapters. The book tells of a Hebrew prophet named Jonah, son of Amittai, who is sent by God to prophesy the destruction of Nineveh, but attempts to escape his divine mission.

The story has a long interpretive history and has become well known through popular children's stories. In Judaism, it is the Haftarah portion read during the afternoon of Yom Kippur to instill reflection on God's willingness to forgive those who repent, and it remains a popular story among Christians. The story is also retold in the Quran.

Mainstream Bible scholars generally regard the story of the Book of Jonah as fictional, and often at least partially satirical. Most scholars consider the Book of Jonah to have been composed long after the events it describes due to its use of words and motifs exclusive to postexilic Aramaic sources.
PLANC
PLANC (Programming LAnguage for Nd Computers, pronounced as plank) is a high-level programming language.

Compilers were developed by Norsk Data for several architectures, including the Motorola 68000, 88000, Intel x86, and the Norsk Data Nord-10 minicomputers and ND-500 superminicomputer.

The language was designed to be cross-platform software. It was mainly used internally at Norsk Data for writing high level systems software such as the upper parts of operating systems and compilers.

Cross-platform software
Within computing, cross-platform software (also called multi-platform software, platform-agnostic software, or platform-independent software) is computer software that is designed to work in several computing platforms. Some cross-platform software requires a separate build for each platform, but some can be directly run on any platform without special preparation, being written in an interpreted language or compiled to portable bytecode for which the interpreters or run-time packages are common or standard components of all supported platforms.

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Linux, macOS and Microsoft Windows. Cross-platform software may run on many platforms, or as few as two. Some frameworks for cross-platform development are Codename One, ArkUI-X, Kivy, Qt, GTK, Flutter, NativeScript, Xamarin, Apache Cordova, Ionic, and React Native.
Jindřich Uher
Jindřich Uher (18 June 1911 – 26 July 1985) was a Czech and Czechoslovak politician affiliated with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He played significant roles in various legislative bodies, including the Constituent National Assembly, National Assembly of Czechoslovakia, and the Federal Assembly. Additionally, Uher served as a minister in several Czechoslovak governments.

Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)
The Federal Assembly (Czech: Federální shromáždění, Slovak: Federálne zhromaždenie) was the highest organ of state power of Czechoslovakia from 1 January 1969 until the amendment of the state constitution on 23 April 1990. From 23 April 1990 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 31 December 1992, it functioned as the state's federal legislature.

Chapter 3 of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia recognized it as "the supreme organ of state power and the sole statewide legislative body."
Rüdiger Schnuphase
Rüdiger Schnuphase (born 23 January 1954 in Werningshausen) is a German former football player.

Schnuphase played for FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt (1971–1976), FC Carl Zeiss Jena (1976–1984) and again FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt (1984–1986).

On the national level he played for East Germany national team (45 matches/6 goals), and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Schnuphase played in two matches in Gelsenkirchen at football's biggest stage.

In 1982, he won the award for the GDR Footballer of the Year.

FC Carl Zeiss Jena
Fußballclub Carl Zeiss Jena e. V. ([kaʁl ˈtsaɪs ˈjeːna]) is a German football club based in Jena, Thuringia. Founded in 1903, it was initially associated with the optics manufacturer Carl Zeiss. From the 1960s to the 1980s it was one of the top-ranked clubs in East Germany, won the DDR-Oberliga and the FDGB-Pokal three times each and reached the 1981 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Since the German reunification in 1990, the club has competed no higher than the second tier. Since the 2021–22 season, Jena is playing  in the Regionalliga Nordost.
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1906
The Armenian–Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian–Tatar war, the Armenian–Muslim war, Armenian–Azerbaijani war) was the bloody inter-ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Caucasian Tatars, later known as Azerbaijanis throughout the Russian Caucasus in 1905–1906. The massacres started during the Russian Revolution of 1905. The most violent clashes occurred in 1905 in February in Baku, in May in Nakhchivan, in August in Shusha and in November in Elizabethpol, heavily damaging the cities and the Baku oilfields. Some violence, although of lesser scale, broke out also in Tiflis.

The violence led to a sense of distrust and animosity that persisted for many years. This tension largely resulted from the larger political and social issues of the time, rather than any inherent conflict between the Armenian and Tatar peoples.

Massacre
A massacre is an event of killing defenseless human beings or other animals. It is generally used to describe a targeted mass killing of civilians by an armed group. It can also be used figuratively to refer to a one-sided exchange between armed groups. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing.
Jamie D. Ramsay
Jamie D. Ramsay SASC BSC (born 20 September) is a South African cinematographer. He earned two British Independent Film Award nominations for his work on the films Moffie (2019) and All of Us Strangers (2023), and won Camerimage Bronze Frog for his work on Living (2022). He appeared on the 2021 Variety list of 10 Cinematographers to Watch.

British Independent Film Awards
The British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) is an organisation that celebrates, supports, and promotes British independent cinema and film-making talent in the United Kingdom. Nominations for the annual awards ceremony are announced in early November, with the ceremony itself taking place in early December.

Since 2015, BIFA has also hosted UK-wide talent development and film screening programmes, with the support of Creative Skillset and the  British Film Institute.