hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Melbourne Steamship Co Ltd v Moorehead
Melbourne Steamship Co Ltd v Moorehead
was the last of a series of cases in which members of a cartel, described as the "Coal Vend" were prosecuted under the Australian Industries Preservation Act. The majority of the High Court held that the investigation power was spent once a prosecution had commenced and that under the Act, a corporation could not be required to answer questions. While the decision was based on the wording of the specific legislation, its ongoing significance is its foundation for the requirement that the government act as a model litigant.

Attorney-General of Australia
The attorney-general of Australia (AG), also known as the Commonwealth Attorney-General, is the minister of state and chief law officer of the Commonwealth of Australia charged with overseeing federal legal affairs and public security as the head of the Attorney-General’s Department. The current attorney-general is Michelle Rowland, who was chosen by prime minister Anthony Albanese in May 2025 following the 2025 federal election.  By convention, the attorney-general is a lawyer.

The attorney-general is one of only four positions in the Commonwealth Government to have continuously been held since federation, along with the prime minister, the minister for defence and the treasurer.
Wierzchy, Łódź East County
Wierzchy [ˈvjɛʂxɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koluszki, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Koluszki and 30 km (19 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Łódź East County
Łódź East County (Polish: powiat łódzki wschodni) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Łódź, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county consists of areas to the east and south of the city, and contains three towns: Koluszki, which lies 24 km (15 mi) east of Łódź, Tuszyn, 20 km (12 mi) south of Łódź, and Rzgów, 14 km (9 mi) south of Łódź.

The county covers an area of 499.32 square kilometres (192.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 64,574, out of which the population of Koluszki is 13,407, that of Tuszyn is 7,178, that of Rzgów is 3,338, and the rural population is 40,651.

Until 2002 the county also included the areas which now form Brzeziny County.
Pylyp Orlyk
Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk (Old Ukrainian: Филипп(ъ) Орлик(ъ), modern Ukrainian: Пилип Степанович Орлик; Polish: Filip Orlik; October 21 [O.S. October 11] 1672 – May 26, 1742) was a Zaporozhian Cossack statesman, diplomat and member of Cossack starshyna. Described as the first Ukrainian political emigrant, he served as the hetman in exile from 1710 to 1742. He was a close associate of hetman Ivan Mazepa, and the author of the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk.

Baturyn
Baturyn (Ukrainian: Батурин, pronounced [bɐˈturɪn] ⓘ) is a historic city in Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. It is located in Nizhyn Raion (district) on the banks of the Seym River. It hosts the administration of Baturyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,406 (2022 estimate).

Baturyn is twinned with Cobham, a Kent parish in the south east of the United Kingdom. The twinning agreement was signed in a virtual ceremony on 11 March 2025.
Ruth Porat
Ruth Porat (born 1957) is a British-American business executive who is the president and chief investment officer of Alphabet and its subsidiary Google LLC and prior to that was the chief financial officer of the same companies from 2015 to 2024.  Prior to joining Google, Porat was the executive vice president & chief financial officer of Morgan Stanley from January 2010 to May 2015.

In 2024, Porat was listed as the 12th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes, and sixth on Fortune's Most Powerful Women list.

Forbes list of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women
Since 2004, Forbes, an American business magazine, has published an annual list of its ranking of the 100 most powerful women in the world. Edited by prominent Forbes journalists, including Moira Forbes, the list is compiled using various criteria such as visibility and economic impact. In 2025, the gauge was "where do women hold real power". The top 10 per year are listed below.
Angelo Pedroni (nuncio)
Angelo Pedroni (22 April 1914 – 24 June 1992) was a prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, with the title of nuncio from 1965 until his retirement in 1989 and the rank of archbishop from 1965 until his death.

Secretariat of State (Holy See)
The Secretariat of State (Latin: Secretaria Status; Italian: Segreteria di Stato) is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the central papal governing bureaucracy of the Catholic Church. It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See. The Secretariat is divided into three sections: the Section for General Affairs, the Section for Relations with States, and, since 2017, the Section for Diplomatic Staff.
Gabriela Kouassi
Gabriela Kouassi (born 18 November 1979) is a French-Ivorian retired heptathlete.

Representing France, she finished 18th at the 1998 World Junior Championships and 17th at the 2001 European U23 Championships. She later changed her allegiance to Ivory Coast.

She won the gold medal at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie, the silver medal at the 2011 All-Africa Games and another silver medal at the 2012 African Championships.

Her personal best score was 5766 points, achieved in April 2012 in Bambous, Mauritius. This is the Ivorian record. She also holds Ivorian records for pentathlon (indoors), shot put indoors and javelin throw.

In 1997 while representing France, Kouassi scored 7,233 points at a women's decathlon in Arles. As of 2025, her score makes her the #18 performer of all time in the event.

Bambous
Bambous is a small town in Mauritius located in the Rivière Noire District. The village is administered by the Bambous Village Council under the aegis of the Rivière Noire District Council. According to the census by Statistics Mauritius in 2011, the population was 15,345.
Therapeutic relationship
The therapeutic relationship refers to the relationship between a healthcare professional and a client or patient. It is the means by which a therapist and a client hope to engage with each other and effect beneficial change in the client.

In psychoanalysis the therapeutic relationship has been theorized to consist of three parts: the working alliance, transference/countertransference, and the real relationship. Evidence on each component's unique contribution to the outcome has been gathered, as well as evidence on the interaction between components.  In contrast to a social relationship, the focus of the therapeutic relationship is on the client's needs and goals.

Social relation
A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more conspecifics within and/or between groups. The group can be a language or kinship group, a social institution or organization, an economic class, a nation, or gender. Social relations are derived from human behavioral ecology, and, as an aggregate, form a coherent social structure whose constituent parts are best understood relative to each other and to the social ecosystem as a whole.
Cinecittà
Cinecittà (pronounced [ˌtʃinetʃitˈta]; Italian for 'Cinema City') is a large film studio in Rome, Italy. With an area of 400,000 square metres (99 acres), it is the largest film studio in Europe, and is considered the hub of Italian cinema. The studios were constructed during the Fascist era as part of a plan to revive the Italian film industry and to compete with Hollywood.

Filmmakers such as Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Luchino Visconti, Sergio Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, Mel Gibson and Luca Guadagnino have worked at Cinecittà. More than 3,000 movies have been filmed there, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it. In the 1950s, the number of international productions being made there led to Rome being dubbed "Hollywood on the Tiber."

Roberto Rossellini
Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini (8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and producer. He was one of the most prominent directors of the Italian neorealist cinema, contributing to the movement with films such as Rome, Open City (1945), Paisan (1946), and Germany, Year Zero (1948). He is also known for his films starring his then wife Ingrid Bergman, Stromboli (1950), Europe '51 (1952), Journey to Italy (1954), Fear (1954) and Joan of Arc at the Stake (1954).
Damanbait Lamare
Damanbait Lamare (born 1997) is an Indian politician from Meghalaya. He is a member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly from Umroi Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in Ri Bhoi district. He won the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election representing the National People's Party.

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members, filled through direct elections held every five years. Like other Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.
Air Squadron Trophy Competition
The Royal Air Squadron Trophy Competition, also known as the National Ground Training Competition, was created as a way for Royal Air Force sections of the Combined Cadet Force to contest the Air Squadron Trophy.

The trophy has been competed for since 1985, when it was awarded to the "year's outstanding CCF(RAF) Section". Starting in 1998, the winner of the National Ground Training Competition would be awarded the trophy, marking the beginning of the modern format of the competition. The trophy had originally been presented by the Royal Air Squadron as part of the British Aerobatic Association's annual competition, first contested in 1967. The names of some of the inaugural winners are still engraved on the trophy.

RAF Air Command and the Royal Air Force Air Cadets have recognised the annual competition provides "substantial external profile and value", particularly for the competitive spirit, camaraderie, and experience the competition generates amongst cadets.

RAF Air Command
Air Command is the only Command currently active in the Royal Air Force. It was formed by the merger of Royal Air Force Strike and Personnel and Training commands on 1 April 2007, and has its headquarters at RAF High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.

The equivalent in the Royal Navy is Navy Command Headquarters at Portsmouth and the equivalent in the British Army is Army Headquarters at Andover.
Original 16 Tour Bonspiel
The Original 16 Tour Bonspiel is an annual bonspiel, or curling tournament, that takes place at the Calgary Curling Club in Calgary, Alberta. The tournament is held in a round robin format. It was also a World Curling Tour event from 2012 to 2019.

Bonspiel
A bonspiel is a curling tournament, consisting of several games, often held on a weekend. Until the 20th century most bonspiels were held outdoors, on a frozen freshwater loch. Today almost all bonspiels are held indoors on specially prepared artificial ice.
Hobbins
Hobbins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Hobbins (born 1951), American politician

Daniel Hobbins, American historian

Graham Hobbins (born 1946), English cricketer

Imelda Hobbins, Irish camogie player

Jim Hobbins (born 1964), American football player

Syd Hobbins (1916–1984), English footballer

William T. Hobbins (born 1946), United States Air Force general

Syd Hobbins
Sydney George Hobbins (6 May 1916 – 16 March 1984) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall, Leyton Orient and Charlton Athletic as a goalkeeper. After retiring from football, he jointly coached and advised the Leyton Orient reserve and 'A' teams with Ledger Ritson. Hobbins founded Welling United in 1963.
LaSalle D. Leffall Jr.
LaSalle D. Leffall Jr. (May 22, 1930 – May 25, 2019) was an American surgeon, surgical oncologist, and medical educator. He chaired the Department of Surgery at Howard University College of Medicine from 1970 to 1995  and served as the Charles R. Drew Professor  of Surgery. In 1978, Leffall became the first African American president of the American Cancer Society, and in 1995, he became the first African American president of the American College of Surgeons.

War on cancer
The "war on cancer"  was launched in 1971 by President Richard Nixon to find a cure for cancer by increased research. The goals were to improve the understanding of cancer biology and to develop more effective cancer treatments, such as targeted drug therapies. The aim of such efforts was to eradicate cancer as a major cause of death.

Despite significant progress in the treatment of certain forms of cancer (such as childhood leukemia) over the past half a century, cancer in general remains a major cause of death, leading to a perceived lack of progress and to new legislation aimed at augmenting the original National Cancer Act of 1971.

New research directions, in part based on the results of the Human Genome Project, hold promise for a better understanding of the genetic factors underlying cancer, and the development of new diagnostics, therapies, preventive measures, and early detection ability. However, targeting cancer proteins can be difficult, as a protein can be undruggable.
Kohli railway station
Kohli railway station is a railway station of Bhopal–Nagpur section under Nagpur CR railway division of West Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The station is situated beside State Highway 250, Yelkapar at Kalmeshwar taluka in Nagpur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

Bhopal–Nagpur section
The Bhopal–Nagpur section is a railway line connecting Bhopal and Nagpur. This 390 km (242 mi) track is part of the Delhi–Chennai line. The section is under the jurisdiction of West Central Railway and Central Railway.
Tonite (explosive)
Tonite is an explosive sometimes used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It consists of a mixture of equal weights of barium nitrate and guncotton. The explosive was patented in 1874 by Samuel Joseph Mackie, Camille Alphonse Faure, and George French. Its name was taken from the Latin verb tonat = "it thunders", and is pronounced "toe-nite", not "tonight".

The high gas pressures generated by the detonation of tonite resulted in it being used as a bursting charge in some hand grenades used early in World War I.

Nitrocellulose is an oxygen-negative low explosive, so its decomposition is incomplete combustion:

Because nitrocellulose was used in mining, carbon monoxide could build up and pose a danger to miners. To remedy that problem, nitrates (potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, etc.) were added into the nitrocellulose to achieve a better oxygen balance.

Potassium nitrate
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula KNO3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K+ and nitrate anions NO−3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in American English).

Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of traditional gunpowder (black powder). In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color.
Abuye Meda
Abuye Meda (Amharic: አቡዬ ሜዳ) is a mountain plateau located between three woreda's; Gishe in the west, Antsokiyana Gemza to the north, and Efratana Gidim to the south. It is the highest elevation of the Semien Shewa Zone in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It forms part of the divide between the drainage basins of the Abay and the Awash Rivers. It's around 98 km to the north of Debre Berhan, the capital of Semien Shewa Zone.

africa portal

Debre Birhan
Debre Birhan (Amharic: ደብረ ብርሃን) is a city in central Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, about 120 kilometers north east of Addis Ababa on  Ethiopian highway 2, the town has an elevation of 2,840 meters, which makes it the highest town in Africa. It was an early capital of Ethiopia and afterwards, with Ankober and Angolalla, was one of the capitals of the kingdom of Shewa. Today, it is the administrative center of the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region.
For Goodness Sake
For Goodness Sake is a short comedy film made in 1992, hosted by its co-writer, radio talk show host Dennis Prager.  Released in 1993, the film contains comical vignettes that address everyday ethical issues. Mentor Media Inc. marketed the film for ethics training to government departments, including the FBI, Department of Defense, and IRS, as well as hospitals, schools, and hundreds of major corporations.

It included appearances from actors Jason Alexander, Steve Allen, Scott Bakula, Faith Ford, Florence Henderson, Jason Hervey, Bonnie Hunt, Eugene Levy, Jayne Meadows, Bob Saget, Julia Sweeney, and Cindy Williams.  The film originally included a scene with O. J. Simpson and Kim Coles, but that scene was edited out of the movie after Simpson was charged with murder.

Julia Sweeney
Julia Anne Sweeney (born October 10, 1959) is an American actress and comedian. She gained fame as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1990 to 1994. She played Mrs. Keeper in the film Stuart Little and voiced Brittany in Father of the Pride. She appeared in the Hulu series Shrill, the Showtime series Work in Progress, and the Starz series American Gods. Sweeney also had a recurring role on Frasier.
A. K. Saseendran
A. K. Saseendran (born 29 January 1946) is an Indian politician who has served as the Minister for Forests and Wildlife Protection of Kerala since 2021. He previously served as the Minister for Transport of Kerala from 2018 to 2021 and from 2016 to 2017. He is a Member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly representing Elathur since 2011. He previously represented Peringalam from 1980 to 1982, Edakkad from 1982 to 1987 and Balussery from 2006 to 2011 in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Nationalist Congress Party.

Balussery Assembly constituency
Balussery is one of the largest of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency. Since the May 2021 assembly elections, K. M. Sachin Dev of CPI(M), has been the MLA from Balussery, preceded by Purushan Kadalundy.
Hteinbin Cemetery
Hteinbin Cemetery (Burmese: ထိန်ပင်သုသာန်; also spelt Htein Pin Cemetery), located in Hlaingthaya Township, is one of Yangon's largest cemeteries. The cemetery is maintained by the Yangon City Development Committee's environmental maintenance department. Hteinbin Cemetery consists of various ethnic and religious cemeteries, including those of the Karen, Burmese Muslims, former Shan saophas, Christians, Hindus and Sino-Burmese.

Saopha
Saopha (lit. 'lord of the heavens'), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India.
Lorraine (given name)
Lorraine is a feminine given name derived from the region of Lorraine in France. It has been used in the English-speaking world (especially the United States and Canada) since the Franco-Prussian War, during which events brought the region to the North American public's attention. It is a Danish, English, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish modern form of the Germanic name Chlothar (which is a blended form of Hlūdaz and Harjaz).

Héri
Héri or Heri is a male given name.

In the Faroe Islands, Héri appears in the Flateyjarbók, a history written around 1380, in which Heri Sigmundsson is the youngest son of Sigmundur Brestisson. Heri is a common name in the Faroes today, probably not surviving as a traditional name, but revived and put into use again in later times from historical accounts like Flateyjarbók. Héri may mean "hare" (lepus europaeus), for which the modern Icelandic name is Héri. Alternatively, Héri may be an abbreviation of Norse names beginning with Her-, like Herálfur, Herleifur, or Hergeir.
Hugin (software)
Hugin (/ˈhʊɡɪn/) is a cross-platform open source panorama photo stitching and HDR merging program developed by Pablo d'Angelo and others. It is a GUI front-end for Helmut Dersch's Panorama Tools and Andrew Mihal's Enblend and Enfuse. Stitching is accomplished by using several overlapping photos taken from the same location, and using control points to align and transform the photos so that they can be blended together to form a larger image. Hugin allows for the easy (optionally automatic) creation of control points between two images, optimization of the image transforms along with a preview window so the user can see whether the panorama is acceptable. Once the preview is correct, the panorama can be fully stitched, transformed and saved in a standard image format.

Control point (mathematics)
In computer-aided geometric design a control point is a member of a set of points used to determine the shape of a spline curve or, more generally, a surface or higher-dimensional object.

For Bézier curves, it has become customary to refer to the ⁠⁠-vectors ⁠⁠ in a parametric representation  of a curve or surface in ⁠⁠-space as control points,  while the scalar-valued functions ⁠⁠, defined over the relevant parameter domain, are the corresponding weight or blending functions. 
Some would reasonably insist, in order to give intuitive geometric meaning to the word "control", that the blending functions form a partition of unity, i.e., that the ⁠⁠ are nonnegative and sum to one. This property implies that the curve lies within the convex hull of its control points. This is the case for Bézier's representation of a polynomial curve as well as for the B-spline representation of a spline curve or tensor-product spline surface.
Franz Berger (wrestler)
Franz Berger (24 January 1940 – 8 January 2012) was an Austrian wrestler who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics, in the 1964 Summer Olympics, in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.