hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Episkopi, Limassol
Episkopi (Greek: Επισκοπή, Turkish: Piskobu) is a village and a municipal district of the Kourion Municipality lying partly in the Limassol district of Cyprus and partly in the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Its current Deputy Mayor is Lefkios Prodromou. It is approximately 14 km (9 mi) west of Limassol and 40 km (25 mi) east of Paphos. Episkopi is built on the hill of ancient Kourion, close to the western bank of the Kouris River.

Paphos
Paphos, also spelled Pafos, is a coastal city in southwest Cyprus and the capital of the Paphos District. In classical antiquity, two locations were known as Paphos: Old Paphos (now called Kouklia) and New Paphos. It is the fourth-largest city in the country, after Nicosia, Limassol, and Larnaca, with an urban population of 55,000.

The modern city of Paphos lies on the Mediterranean coast, about 50 km (30 mi) west of Limassol, the island's largest port; the two cities are connected by the A6 highway. Paphos International Airport is the country's second-largest airport, and serves as a gateway to western and southern Cyprus. The city has a subtropical-Mediterranean climate, and experiences the mildest temperatures on the island.

In 1980, Paphos was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its ancient architecture, mosaics, and ancient religious importance. It was selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2017 along with Aarhus.
Gatačko Polje
Gatačko polje (lit. 'Field of Gacko', Serbian Cyrillic: Гатачко поље) is a polje (karst field) within the Gacko municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, spanning 57–60 km2, being ca. 24 km long and ca. 3,6 km wide, in the northwest–southeast direction. It is situated between the mountains of Bjelašnica and Lebršnik on the altitude of 930 to 1000 m. The subterranean rivers of Gračanica and Mušnica cross the field. The only larger settlement is Gacko. Near the field are the mountains and straddle of Čemerno (with sea watershed), the source of the Trebišnjica, Klinje Lake and the Sutjeska National Park. The field develops agriculture and animal husbandry.

Polje
A polje, also called karst polje or karst field, is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually in the range of 5–400 km2 (2–154 sq mi). The name derives from the Slavic languages, where polje literally means 'field', whereas in English polje specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field.
Community business
Communities come together and set up community businesses to address challenges they face together.

There are many types of community business including shops, farms, pubs and call centres. What they all have in common is that they are accountable to their community and that the profits they generate deliver positive local impact, such as boosting the local economy.

Similar to social enterprises, community businesses are committed to positively benefiting society through trading in a sustainable way. All profit from a community business is reinvested in the local area. Unlike social enterprises, community businesses are focused on benefiting a specific local geographic area.

Community businesses also have similarities to place-based charitable trusts which manage assets. However, a community business is accountable to its beneficiary community which can mean local people being involved in formal participation or even actual legal ownership.

Charitable trust
A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes. In some jurisdictions, it is a more specific term than "charitable organization". A charitable trust enjoys varying degrees of tax benefits in most countries and also generates goodwill. Some important terminology in charitable trusts includes the term "corpus" (Latin for "body"), referring to the assets with which the trust is funded, and the term "donor," which is the person donating assets to a charity.
The People's Army Model
The People's Army Model (Hebrew: מודל צבא העם; Model Tzva Ha'Am) is a school of thought in Israel concerning the role of the Israeli Army, the IDF, vis-à-vis Israeli society. According to this conception, the IDF plays a broader role than merely defending Israel's national security. Israel's regular army is relatively small, and thus its strength in emergency is based on reservists, which comprise much of the entire nation. Following the Suez Crisis, the Israeli newspaper Davar published the following: "Our army is, as is well known, the people's army, an army of reserves, the laborer and the clerk, [as] the laborer and the teacher had one day laid down their daily work and stabilized the flag".

School of thought
A  school of thought, or intellectual tradition, is the perspective of a group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
Al-Sallami
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad al-Bayhaqī al-Sallāmī was a historian of the Sāmānid Empire who lived in the mid-10th century.

Ibn Funduq records that al-Sallāmī studied under Ibrahīm ibn Muḥammad al-Bayhaqī. According to al-Thaʿālibī, he served the Muḥtājid emirs Abū Bakr Muḥammad (d. 939) and Abū ʿAlī Čaghānī (r. 939–955).

Al-Sallāmī wrote an Arabic history of the governors of Khorasan, Kitāb wulāt Khurāsān, which is now lost. It is known only from citations in the works of others, primarily Gardīzī and Ibn al-Athīr, both of whom cite him for the death of Abū ʿAlī Čaghānī and nothing later than that. In some cases, Gardīzī quotes him outright. He appears to have shaped a narrative favourable to the Muḥtājids. The Kitāb wulāt Khurāsān is also cited in Yāqūt's Irshād, Ibn Mākūlā's Kitāb al-Ikmāl and Ibn Khallikān. Juwaynī in the 13th century is the latest author to cite it.

According to Yāqūt, al-Sallāmī also wrote a Kitāb al-wuzarā ('Book of the Viziers').

Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi
Zahir al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Zayd-i Bayhaqi (Persian: ظهیرالدین ابوالحسن علی بن زید بیهقی; 
c. 1097 – 1169) also known as Ibn Fondoq (ابن فندق) was a polymath and historian. He is the author of Tarikh-i Bayhaq.
Marlin (firmware)
Marlin is open source firmware originally designed for RepRap project FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D printers using the Arduino platform.

Marlin supports many different types of 3D printing robot platforms, including basic Cartesian, Core XY, Delta, and SCARA printers, as well as some other less conventional designs like Hangprinter and Beltprinter. In addition to 3D printers, Marlin is generally adaptable to any machine requiring control and interaction. It has been used to drive SLA and SLS 3D printers, custom CNC mills, laser engravers (or laser beam machining), laser cutters, vinyl cutters, pick-and-place machines, foam cutters, and egg painting robots.

Pick-and-place machine
Surface-mount technology (SMT) component placement systems, commonly called pick-and-place machines (PnP or P&P), are robotic machines which are used to place surface-mount devices (SMDs) onto a printed circuit board (PCB). They are used for high speed, high precision placing of a broad range of electronic components (such as capacitors, resistors, and integrated circuits) onto the PCBs which are in turn used in computers, consumer electronics, and industrial, medical, automotive, military and telecommunications equipment. Similar equipment exists for through-hole components.
This type of equipment is sometimes used to package microchips using the flip chip method.
Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)
This is a timeline of geopolitical changes around the world prior to 1500. It includes dates of declarations of independence, changes in country name, changes of capital city or name, and changes in territorial ownership such as the annexation, occupation, cession, concession, or secession of land. Territorial conquests as a result of war are included on the timeline at the conclusion of major military campaigns, but changes in the course of specific battles and day-to-day operations are generally not included.

Military campaign
A military campaign is large-scale long-duration significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of interrelated military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war. The term derives from the plain of Campania, a place of annual wartime operations by the armies of the Roman Republic.
Shanghai High School International Division
Shanghai High School International Division (abbreviated as SHSID; Chinese: 上海中学国际部) is an international school in Shanghai, China. Founded in 1993, it is the international division of Shanghai High School, a public high school in Shanghai. The school offers instruction from grades 1 through 12, and has over 3,300 students from 44 countries and regions.

Located in Xuhui District, it shares its main campus with Shanghai High School and operates additional campuses within Shanghai for lower grade levels. In 1995, it became the first school in Shanghai authorized to offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. The school also offers Advanced Placement and A-Level curricula. It is associated with UNESCO and is accredited by Cognia. It is a member of the Council of International Schools.

Council of International Schools
The Council of International Schools (CIS) is a membership organization aimed at international education.

CIS was formed in 2003. It has over 1,500 institutional members consisting of over 800 schools and 600 colleges/universities, located in 121 countries. Many international schools in countries around the world are paying members. The services of CIS include international educational accreditation.

The CIS headquarters are in Leiden, The Netherlands. CIS's legal name is Council of International Schools, Inc. and it is a "not-for-profit" company registered in the state of Delaware in the United States.

To be CIS Accredited, a school pays the membership fee and then an accreditation "registration fee" of €2,140. Once CIS Accredited, the school then pays €4,350 annually. Evaluation of the school takes place every five years. Accredited schools complete a peer-evaluation process.

The annual membership fee is based on the number of students the school has enrolled.
Duchess of Northumberland
Some women to have held the title Duchess of Northumberland, as wives of the Duke of Northumberland, include:

First creation

Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland (1508/9–1555), (née Guildford), wife of the duke

Third creation

Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1716–1776), (née Seymour), wife of the 1st duke

Frances Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1752–1820), (née Burrell), wife of the 2nd duke

Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1787–1866), (née Clive), wife of the 3rd duke

Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1820–1911), (née Grosvenor), wife of the 4th duke

Helen Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1886–1965), (née Lennox-Gordon), wife of the 8th duke

Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1922–2012), (née Montagu Douglas Scott), wife of the 10th duke

Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (born 1958), wife of the 12th duke

Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland
Isobel Jane Miller Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, DCVO (née Richard; born 11 May 1958), is a British aristocrat and businesswoman. She served as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 2009 to 2024, and is best known for redeveloping the Alnwick Garden at Alnwick Castle. She was the first woman to serve as Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland. Her husband, Ralph, is the 12th Duke of Northumberland.
YZ Canis Minoris
YZ Canis Minoris is a red-hued star in the equatorial constellation of Canis Minor. With an apparent visual magnitude of 11.15, it is much too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The distance to YZ CMi can be estimated from its annual parallax shift of 167 mas, yielding a value of 19.5 light years. Presently the star is moving further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +26.5 km/s. It made its closest approach some 162,000 years ago when it made perihelion passage at a distance of 10.2 ly. YZ CMi is a potential member of the Beta Pictoris moving group.

This is a red dwarf star, or M-type main-sequence star, with a stellar classification of M5 V. It is a flare star, so called due to its stellar flares being more powerful than those of Earth's star, and is roughly three times the size of Jupiter. The radio emission from the star is in a 50 mHz bandwidth and is centered on 1464.9 mHz. The X-ray surface flux is 2.73×106 erg s−1 cm−2. It has a coronal temperature of 5.79 MK.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Hostomel
Hostomel (Ukrainian: Гостомель, IPA: [ɦoˈstɔmelʲ]) is a rural settlement in Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is located northwest of the capital Kyiv. It hosts the administration of Hostomel settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 18,466 (2022 estimate).

The town is mainly known for Hostomel Airport, also known as Antonov Airport, a major international cargo facility. There is also a Vetropack glass factory in Hostomel.

Hostomel was attacked during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, with its mayor Yuriy Prylypko among those killed. The town was given the title Hero City of Ukraine on 13 March. On 2 April, Ukrainian authorities confirmed that they had retaken control over most of Kyiv Oblast.

Bucha Raion
Bucha Raion (Ukrainian: Бучанський район, romanized: Buchanskyi raion) is a raion (district) of Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the town of Bucha. One abolished raion, Borodianka Raion, parts of abolished Kyiv-Sviatoshyn and Makariv Raions, as well as Irpin Municipality and the city of Bucha, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance, were merged into Bucha Raion. The population of the raion is 375,536 (2022 estimate).
Thomas Whieldon
Thomas Whieldon (September 1719 in Penkhull, Staffordshire – March 1795) was an English potter who played a leading role in the development of Staffordshire pottery.

The attribution of actual pieces to his factory has long been uncertain, and terms such as "Whieldon-type" are now often used for a variety of different types of wares.  Other terms reflecting the lack of certainty are "Whieldon ware" as a type, and "Astbury-Whieldon", used for early Staffordshire figures, where the two were pioneers.  He worked in earthenware and stoneware, using a variety of types of body and ceramic glazes.  He is especially associated with agate ware and tortoiseshell ware; in both cases Whieldon refined the techniques used, and made the types more popular.

Agateware
Agateware is pottery decorated with a combination of contrasting colored clays.

The name agateware is derived from the agate stone, which when sliced shows multicolored layers. This pottery technique allows for both precise and thought out patterns, and free random effects.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 73
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 73 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Bedford, Blair and Huntingdon Counties in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Huntingdon County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,092. Its county seat is Huntingdon. The county was created on September 20, 1787, mainly from the northern part of Bedford County, plus an addition of territory on the east (Big Valley, Tuscarora Valley) from Cumberland County. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Huntingdon County comprises the Huntingdon, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Wouter Crabeth II
Wouter Pietersz. Crabeth II (1594 – c. 18 June 1644) was a Dutch painter and draughtsman known for his genre scenes, biblical subjects and occasional portraits.  During a long-time residence in Italy his work was influenced by the style of Caravaggio and his followers, the so-called Caravaggisti.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Flin Aerodrome
Flin Aerodrome,  was a temporary World War I airfield in France, used by the Air Service, United States Army.  It was located near Lunéville, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.

Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meurthe-et-Moselle (French pronunciation: [mœʁt e mɔzɛl] ⓘ, lit. 'Meurthe and Moselle') is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the rivers Meurthe and Moselle. Its prefecture and largest city is Nancy and it borders the departments of Meuse to the west, Vosges to the south, Moselle and Bas-Rhin and it borders the Belgian province of Luxembourg and the country of Luxembourg by the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette to the north. It had a population of 733,760 in 2019.
Arsenal VG 70
The Arsenal VG 70 was a single-seat monoplane research aircraft flown in France shortly after World War II to assist in the development of high-speed jet fighters. Lacking an indigenous turbojet engine, the aircraft was fitted with a German Junkers Jumo 004. Unlike most jet-powered aircraft of the period, the swept wing was wooden as was the tail structure. The under-powered VG 70 made its maiden flight in 1948, but only flew five times before the program was terminated the following year.

Swept wing
A swept wing is a wing angled either backward or occasionally forward from its root rather than perpendicular to the fuselage.

Swept wings have been flown since the pioneer days of aviation. Wing sweep at high speeds was first investigated in Germany as early as 1935 by Albert Betz and Adolph Busemann, finding application just before the end of the Second World War. It has the effect of delaying the shock waves and accompanying aerodynamic drag rise caused by fluid compressibility near the speed of sound, improving performance. Swept wings are therefore almost always used on jet aircraft designed to fly at these speeds.

The term "swept wing" is normally used to mean "swept back", but variants include forward sweep, variable sweep wings and oblique wings in which one side sweeps forward and the other back. The delta wing is also aerodynamically a form of swept wing.
86th (East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 86th (East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, was a unit of Britain's part-time Territorial Army (TA) formed after World War I from existing artillery and Yeomanry Cavalry units recruited in Hertfordshire. Its self-propelled guns were among the first artillery to land in Normandy on D Day and served throughout the North West Europe campaign in World War II, seeing action in Normandy, at the liberation of Antwerp, in Operations Market Garden, Clipper and Veritable, the Rhine crossing and the advance across Germany. The regiment continued in the postwar TA until 1967, and its successor battery continued to 2014.

Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey
Geoffrey Lawrence, 3rd Baron Trevethin, 1st Baron Oaksey, DSO, TD, PC, DL (2 December 1880 – 28 August 1971) was the lead British judge during the Nuremberg trials after Second World War, and President of the International Military Tribunal.
Atley Hill
Atley Hill is a hamlet in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the B1263 road between the A167 and the village of Scorton.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Hambleton, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

There is a pub called "The Arden Arms", it has closed and reopened several times over the last decade, the main reasons for the closures being the drink driving laws, lack of rural public transport and the general decline of the rural economy.  Currently run by landlord Alex Liddle.

Situated on Atley Hill above the current settlement was the (abandoned) Medieval village of Atley Cowton.

Hambleton District
54°20′02″N 1°25′44″W﻿ / ﻿54.334°N 1.429°W﻿ / 54.334; -1.429

Hambleton was a local government district in North Yorkshire, England. The administrative centre was Northallerton, and the district included the outlying towns and villages of Bedale, Thirsk, Great Ayton, Stokesley, and Easingwold.

The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, as a merger of Northallerton Urban District, Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, and parts of Thirsk Rural District, Stokesley Rural District and Croft Rural District, all in the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was subsumed into the new unitary authority of North Yorkshire Council on 1 April 2023.
I Believe in You (Kylie Minogue song)
"I Believe in You" is a song by Australian singer Kylie Minogue from her second major greatest hits album, Ultimate Kylie (2004). It was released as the lead single from the compilation on 29 November 2004, by Parlophone.  It was written by Minogue alongside its producers Jake Shears and Babydaddy. "I Believe in You" is a pop and Euro disco song in which Minogue proclaims there are many things in which she does not believe, but that she does believe in her lover.

"I Believe in You" received positive reviews from music critics. Commercially the song was also successful, reaching number one in Romania, number two in the United Kingdom and number six in Australia. The song became a dance hit in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart and number four on the Billboard Dance Radio Airplay chart. It earned a nomination for a 2006 Grammy Award in the Best Dance Recording category.

People Inc.
People Inc. (formerly The Mining Company, About.com, Dotdash and Dotdash Meredith) is an American digital media company based in New York City. It publishes online articles and videos about various subjects across categories including health, home, food, finance, tech, beauty, lifestyle, travel, and education.
Pararaha Stream
Pararaha Stream is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows westwards from its sources in the Waitākere Ranges through the Waitākere Ranges Regional Park, and enters the Tasman Sea at Pararaha Bay, north of Whatipu.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.