hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 in Michigan
This article reviews 2025 in Michigan, including the state's office holders, performance of its sports teams and athletes, a chronology of the state's top news and sports stories, and a list of notable Michigan-related deaths.

Ted Lindsay
Robert Blake Theodore Lindsay (July 29, 1925 – March 4, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played as a forward for the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Lindsay scored over 800 points in his Hockey Hall of Fame career, won the Art Ross Trophy in 1950, and won the Stanley Cup four times. Often referred to as "Terrible Ted", Lindsay helped to organize the first attempt at a Players' Association in the late 1950s, an action which led to his trade to Chicago. In 2017, Lindsay was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players in history. Lindsay played a pivotal role in improving the lives of NHL players. After his retirement, he worked a variety of jobs, serving as a sports broadcaster on NBC before becoming general manager of the Red Wings. He also served as head coach for the Hillsdale College Chargers from 1976 to 1977 and also coached the Red Wings for a time.
Holiday Island
Holiday Island is an Australian television series made by Crawford Productions for Network Ten. The show aired twice weekly for a single season from 1981 to 1982, the show was unsuccessful and axed within two months of broadcast.

Crawford Productions
Crawford Productions is an Australian former media production house, now primarily involved in distribution and licensing. It focused on the radio and television industries.

Founded in Melbourne, Victoria in 1945 by Hector Crawford and his sister, actress and voice-over artist Dorothy Crawford, the company, also known as Crawfords Australia, is now a subsidiary of the WIN Corporation.

The company has been defunct as a production house since 2002, and it now markets DVDs of it former programs.
Huhtiniemi mass grave
Huhtiniemi mass grave is a mass grave site with two graves and at least 15 bodies in Huhtiniemi, Lappeenranta, eastern Finland. Further 10 bodies were excavated in 1971, leading to the more recent studies, and fragments of two other individuals were found in 2005 in rough examinations by City of Lappeenranta.

Mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial.  Mass graves are usually created after many people die or are killed, and there is a desire to bury the corpses quickly for sanitation concerns. Although mass graves can be used during major conflicts such as war and crime, they may also be used after a famine, epidemic, or natural disaster. In disasters, mass graves are used temporarily for infection and disease control. In such cases, there is often a breakdown of the social infrastructure that would enable proper identification and the individual disposal of each body.

The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact definition is not unanimously agreed upon.
Emil Sax
Emil Sax (German: [zaks]; 8 February 1845 – 25 March 1927) was an Austrian economist from Javorník, Austrian Silesia.

He was professor of economics at the Charles University in Prague from 1879-93, and after it was split in 1882, he first became Dean of the Law College and later Rector for the German Charles-Ferdinand University. As Rector he was also Virilist ex-officio of the Bohemian Landtag, and he was an elected member of the Imperial Council (Austria) from 1879-85. He died in Volosko, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Bohemian Diet
The Bohemian Diet (Czech: Český zemský sněm, German: Böhmischer Landtag) was the parliament of the Kingdom of Bohemia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire between 1861 and Czechoslovak independence in 1918.
Tereza Fišerová
Tereza Fišerová (born 23 February 1998) is a Czech slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2013. Fišerová competes in all canoe slalom disciplines - C1, K1, kayak cross and even mixed C2 before it was discontinued.

She won 10 medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (Mixed C2: 2019, C1 team: 2021, 2022), four silvers (C1: 2017, C1 team: 2015, 2018, 2023) and three bronzes (C1: 2018, C1 team: 2017, 2019).

She also won 14 medals (3 golds, 5 silvers and 6 bronzes) at the European Championships, including a gold, a silver and a bronze at the 2023 European Games in Kraków.

Fišerová won the overall World Cup title in two classes. She won in C1 in 2021 and 2022 and in mixed C2 in 2018 together with Jakub Jáně.

Fišerová competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, finishing 6th in the C1 event. She also competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, finishing 23rd in kayak cross.

Canoe slalom at the 2023 European Games
Canoe slalom events at the 2023 European Games were held at the Kraków-Kolna Canoe Slalom Course. A total of 10 medal events were contested, 5 for men and women each (C1, K1, Kayak cross, C1 team and K1 team).

It was the first time that canoe slalom was in the program of European Games. The competition was also the 24th edition of the European Canoe Slalom Championships.
Wild Rose (2018 film)
Wild Rose is a 2018 musical drama film directed by Tom Harper and starring Jessie Buckley, Julie Walters, Sophie Okonedo, Jamie Sives, Craig Parkinson, James Harkness, Janey Godley, Daisy Littlefield, Ryan Kerr, Adam Mitchell, and Nicole Kerr. The screenplay was written by Nicole Taylor.

The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2018 and was released on 12 April 2019, by Entertainment One in the United Kingdom.

The film received positive reviews, with Buckley earning a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance. A stage musical based on the film, received its world premiere in March 2025 at the Royal Lyceum Theatre in Edinburgh.

Craig Parkinson
Craig Parkinson (born 11 March 1976) is an English actor and podcaster. He has played Shaun in the E4 series Misfits, twins Jimmy and Johnny Kray in the ITV series Whitechapel, and DI Matthew "Dot" Cottan in Line of Duty. He has also acted in several independent films, including Control, Soulboy, The Unloved and Four Lions.
Çaltıbozkır
Çaltıbozkır is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population was 821 in 2022. It is situated in the forests of the Taurus Mountains. The distance to Silifke is 27 kilometres (17 mi) and the distance to Mersin is 112 kilometres (70 mi). The village economy depends on cereal agriculture. Recently in irrigated fields tomato is also produced. But animal breeding is on decline because of government ban on goat breeding (to protect forest).

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Wasseiges
Wasseiges (French pronunciation: [wasɛʒ]; Walloon: Wazedje) is a municipality of  Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

On January 1, 2006, Wasseiges had a total population of 2,517. The total area is 24.45 km2 which gives a population density of 103 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Acosse, Ambresin, Meeffe, and Wasseiges.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Alternariol
Alternariol (commonly abbreviated as AOH) is a toxic metabolite of Alternaria fungi. It is an important contaminant in cereals and fruits.
Alternariol exhibits antifungal and phytotoxic activity. It is reported to  inhibit cholinesterase enzymes. It is also a mycoestrogen.

A 2017 in vitro assay study reported alternariol to be a full androgen agonist.

The acute toxicity of AOH and AME is low, but in vitro the substances show a strong mutagenic and teratogenic effect. The substances are associated with the development of esophageal cancer.

Mutagen
In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that permanently changes genetic material, usually DNA, in an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens can therefore be carcinogens, although not all necessarily are. All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals becoming mutagenic through cellular processes.

The process of DNA becoming modified is called mutagenesis. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: so-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to spontaneous hydrolysis, errors in DNA replication, repair and recombination.
Mary Costello (writer)
Mary Costello is an Irish short story writer and novelist.

Mary Costello was born in Galway. Costello was a teacher before giving it up to write full-time. Her collection of short stories, The China Factory, published in 2012, was nominated for the Guardian First Book Award. Her second book and first novel, Academy Street, was shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award, the Costa First Novel Prize and the EU Prize for Literature in 2014. The novel went on to win the Irish Novel of the Year Award as well as the Irish Book of the Year. It has since been translated into several languages. Costello was awarded an Arts Council bursary in both 2011 and 2013. Her work has been serialised on BBC Radio 4. Mary's short story 'The Choc-Ice Woman' was published in the New Yorker Magazine on 16 October 2023.  Costello lives in Dublin.

European Union Prize for Literature
The European Union Prize for Literature (EUPL), established in 2009, is a European Union literary award. Its aim is to recognise outstanding new literary talents from all over Europe, to promote the circulation and translation of literature amongst European countries, and to highlight the continent's creativity and diversity.
Udo Dirkschneider
Udo Dirkschneider (born 6 April 1952) is a German singer who first rose to fame with the heavy metal band Accept. After leaving the band in 1987, he formed the band U.D.O., in which he has also enjoyed commercial success.

Aria (band)
Aria (Russian: Ария, romanized: Ariya) is a Russian heavy metal band that was formed in 1985 in Moscow. Although it was not the first Soviet band to play hard rock, Aria was the first to break through to mainstream media and commercial success. According to several public polls, Aria ranks among top 10 most popular Russian rock bands. Their sound resembled that of NWOBHM bands, for which they were dubbed the "Russian Iron Maiden" in the media.

The band has most of its lyrics written by professional poets, Margarita Pushkina and Alexander Yelin commonly, and not by its band members. Since the band was founded, several of its founder members have gone on to form bands of their own resulting in Aria becoming the root of the so-called "Aria Family". Master, a band formed by four ex-members of Aria, is one of the most influential Russian metal bands. Kipelov is another example of a band formed by lead vocalist Valery Kipelov, who remained with the band til 2002.
1996 North Carolina judicial elections
The North Carolina judicial elections of 1996 were held statewide on November 5, 1996, to elect judges to the North Carolina Supreme Court and North Carolina Court of Appeals. A total of three seats were on the ballot, and in each case, incumbents who had been appointed by Gov. Jim Hunt (running for re-election that same day) were elected to terms in their own right.

North Carolina Court of Appeals
The North Carolina Court of Appeals (in case citation, N.C. Ct. App.) is the only intermediate appellate court in the state of North Carolina. It is composed of fifteen members who sit in rotating panels of three. The Court of Appeals was created by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1967 after voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1965 which "authorized the creation of an intermediate court of appeals to relieve pressure on the North Carolina Supreme Court."

Judges serve eight-year terms and are elected in statewide elections. The General Assembly made Court of Appeals elections non-partisan starting with the 2004 elections, but later made them partisan again after the 2016 elections.
Jaiva
Jaiva, Township jive (TJ),  Soweto jive, Soweto sound or Soweto beat is a subgenre of South African township music and African dance form that influenced Western breakdance and emerged from the shebeen culture of the apartheid-era townships.

Shebeen
A shebeen (Irish: síbín, "home-made whiskey") was originally an illicit bar or club where accessible alcoholic beverages were sold without a licence. The term has spread far from its origins in Ireland, and is particularly common in South Africa. It has also been used in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Zambia, Namibia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and the English-speaking Caribbean, including Jamaica. In modern South Africa, many shebeens are now fully legal.
Execution Guaranteed
Execution Guaranteed is the third full-length album released by the heavy metal band Rage in 1987. The album was remastered by Noise/Sanctuary in 2002 with slightly altered cover art, and six bonus tracks. Rudy Graf had been a member of the German heavy metal band Warlock until 1985.

Sanctuary Records
Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and is, as of 2013, a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management solely for reissues. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest music management company in the world. It was also the world's largest independent owner of music intellectual property rights, with over 160,000 songs.
Evert van Milligen
Evert van Milligen  (born 1948 in Otterlo) is a Dutch politician and former Chartered Accountant. As a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) he was a member of the municipal council of Ede from 2002 to 2008. Since 2008 he has been an alderman of the same municipality.

Ede, Netherlands
Ede (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːdə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. As of 22 November 2024, municipality had  123,532 inhabitants, and as of 1 January 2023 the city had 79,435 inhabitants .
Zbigniew Gut
Zbigniew Gut (Polish pronunciation: [ˈzbiɡɲɛv ˈɡut]; 17 April 1949 – 27 March 2010) was a Polish footballer who played as a defender. He represented Poland at the 1974 FIFA World Cup and the 1972 Summer Olympics. The club he was with for the longest part of his career was Odra Opole. His other clubs were Iskra Wymiarki, Promień Żary, Lech Poznań, Stade Français, Red Star FC and CA Maurienne.

Promień Żary
KS Promień Żary (Polish pronunciation: [ˈprɔmjeɲ ˈʐarɨ]; Upper Sorbian: Pruha Žehliwy; Lower Sorbian: Prompjo Glut) is a football club based in Żary, Poland. They compete in the IV liga Lubusz, the fifth level of the Polish league system.
1993 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1993 Torneo Descentralizado was the 78th season of the top category of Peruvian football (soccer). A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. Universitario de Deportes conquered its twenty-first Primera División.

1994 Copa Libertadores
The 1994 Copa Libertadores was the 35th edition of the Copa Libertadores, CONMEBOL's premier annual international competition. Vélez Sársfield won the tournament for their first title against São Paulo in a penalty shootout with a score of 5–3. Vélez's goalkeeper José Chilavert scored one of the penalty kicks and saved another one. The top scorer of the tournament was Stalin Rivas of Minervén S.C., with 7 goals.
2009 1000 km of Nürburgring
The 2009 ADAC 1000 km-Rennen Nürburgring was the fourth round of the 2009 Le Mans Series season. It took place at the Nürburgring GP-Strecke, Nürburg, Germany, on 23 August 2009. Aston Martin Racing, with third entry AMR Eastern Europe, swept the overall podium for this race, led by the No. 007 of Jan Charouz, Tomáš Enge, and Stefan Mücke. Quifel ASM Team led the LMP2 category for the second straight race, while the Larbre Compétition Saleen outlasted its only competition in GT1. The No. 77 Team Felbermayr-Proton Porsche won their third race of the season.

Tomáš Enge
Tomáš Enge (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈɛŋɡɛ]; born 11 September 1976) is a Czech former professional racing driver who has competed in many classes of motorsport, including three races in Formula One.
2021 Clube do Remo season
The 2021 season was the 108th in Remo's existence. This season Remo participated in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the Campeonato Paraense, Copa Verde and the Copa do Brasil.

Remo finished the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B in the 17th place, and was relegated to the Série C. In the Campeonato Paraense, the club was eliminated in the semifinals to Tuna Luso and finished in 3rd place after beating Castanhal 3–0 in the third place match. In the Copa Verde, Remo won the unprecedented title in an undefeated way after beating Vila Nova on penalties. The team played seven games, winning three and drawing four. In the Copa do Brasil, Remo was eliminated in the third round by Atlético Mineiro.

2021 Copa Verde
The 2021 Copa Verde was the eighth edition of the football competition held in Brazil. Featuring 24 clubs, Acre, Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará have two vacancies; Amapá, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins with one each. The others six berths was set according to CBF ranking.

In the finals, Remo defeated Vila Nova 4–2 on penalties after tied 0–0 on aggregate to win their first title and a place in the third round of the 2022 Copa do Brasil.
Ernest Morales III
Ernest Morales III was an American law enforcement officer most recently as the 9th Chief of the Metro Transit Police in Minnesota, with over 30 years of experience in various roles in law enforcement, including the New York City Police Department and Mount Vernon Police Department.

Mount Vernon, New York
Mount Vernon is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, immediately to the north of the borough of the Bronx. As of the 2020 census, Mount Vernon had a population of 73,893, making it the eighth-largest city in the state and largest African-American majority city in the state. Mount Vernon has 12,898 Jamaicans with African and Indian descent that had immigrated from their homeland of Jamaica after the country gained its independence from Britain on August 6, 1962.

Mount Vernon has two major sections. South-side Mount Vernon is more urban, while north-side Mount Vernon is more residential. Mount Vernon's downtown business district is on the city's south side, which includes City Hall, Mount Vernon's main post office, Mount Vernon Public Library, office buildings, and other municipal establishments.
Ayodhya Inscription of Dhana
Ayodhya Inscription of Dhana is a stone inscription related to a Hindu Deva king named Dhana or Dhana–deva of the 1st-century BCE or 1st century CE. He ruled from the city of Ayodhya, Kosala, in India. His name is found in ancient coins and the inscription. According to P. L. Gupta, he was among the fifteen kings who ruled from Ayodhya between 130 BCE and 158 CE, and whose coins have been found: Muladeva, Vayudeva, Vishakadeva, Dhanadeva, Ajavarman, Sanghamitra, Vijayamitra, Satyamitra, Devamitra and Aryamitra. D.C. Sircar dates the inscription to 1st-century CE based on the epigraphical evidence. The paleography of the inscription is identical to that of the Northern Satraps in Mathura, which gives a 1st century CE date. The damaged inscription is notable for its mention of general Pushyamitra and his descendant Dhana–, his use of Vedic Ashvamedha horse to assert the range of his empire, and the building of a temple shrine.

Dineshchandra Sircar
Dineshchandra Sircar (1907–1985), also known as D. C. Sircar or  D. C. Sarkar, was an epigraphist, historian, numismatist and folklorist, known particularly in India and Bangladesh for his work deciphering inscriptions. He was the Chief Epigraphist of the Archaeological Survey of India (1949–1962), Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture at the University of Calcutta (1962–1972) and the General President of the Indian History Congress. In 1972, Sircar was awarded the Sir William Jones Memorial Plaque.
Ex-Bad Boy
Ex-Bad Boy is a 1931 American comedy film directed by Vin Moore and written by Fred Niblo, Jr. and Dale Van Every. The film stars Robert Armstrong, Jean Arthur, Jason Robards, Sr., Spencer Charters, Grayce Hampton and Lola Lane. It is based on the play The Whole Town's Talking by Anita Loos and John Emerson, which in turn is based on a play by Franz Arnold and Ernst Bach. The film was released on July 15, 1931, by Universal Pictures.

John Emerson (filmmaker)
John Emerson (born Clifton Paden; May 29, 1874 – March 7, 1956) was an American stage actor, playwright, producer, and director of silent films (many featuring Douglas Fairbanks). Emerson was married to Anita Loos from June 15, 1919, until his death, and prior to that the couple had worked together as a writing team for motion pictures. They would continue to be credited jointly, even as Loos pursued independent projects.
Hero of Our Time (film)
Hero of Our Time (Russian: Герой нашего времени, romanized: Geroy nashego vremeni) is a 1966 Soviet drama film directed by Stanislav Rostotsky.

The film is an adaptation of the eponymous novel by Mikhail Lermontov.

A Hero of Our Time
A Hero of Our Time (Russian: Герой нашего времени, romanized: Gerój nášego vrémeni, IPA: [ɡʲɪˈroj ˈnaʂɨvə ˈvrʲemʲɪnʲɪ]) is a novel by Mikhail Lermontov, written in 1839, published in 1840, and revised in 1841.

It is an example of the superfluous man novel, noted for its compelling Byronic hero (or antihero) Pechorin and for the beautiful descriptions of the Caucasus. This is the first psychological fiction in the history of Russian literature.  There are several English translations, including one by Vladimir Nabokov and Dmitri Nabokov in 1958.
Matt Mobley
Matthew Warren Mobley (born September 1, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for Anhui Wenyi of the National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for St. Bonaventure and Central Connecticut State.

National Basketball League (China)
The National Basketball League (simplified Chinese: 全国男子篮球联赛; traditional Chinese: 全國男子籃球聯賽; pinyin: Quánguó Nánzǐ Lánqiú Liánsài) is a professional basketball minor league in China, called the Chinese Basketball League (CBL) before 2006. It is commonly known as the NBL, and this name (spelled out in letters) is often used even in Chinese.

NBL is the second-tier league to the professional Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).