hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Ehrenreich
Henry Ehrenreich (May 11, 1928 – January 20, 2008) was an American physicist and Harvard professor who did research on semiconductors and solid-state physics.

After fleeing Germany as a child, his family settled in New York where he attended university. He conducted research in a laboratory for General Electric, and his expertise in semiconductors and the physics of materials allowed him to advise two US departments. As a professor, he devoted much effort to improve the quality of education, eventually becoming the first ombudsman for Harvard.

United States federal executive departments
The United States federal executive departments are the principal units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States. The executive departments are the administrative arms of the president of the United States. They are analogous to ministries common in parliamentary or semi-presidential systems but (the United States being a presidential system) they  are led by a head of government who is also the head of state. There are currently 15 executive departments.
11D428
The 11D428A-16 (manufacturer's name RDMT-135M) is a liquid pressure-fed rocket engine burning N2O4/UDMH with an O/F of 1.85. It is used for crew-rated spacecraft propulsion applications. It is currently used in the KTDU-80 spacecraft propulsion module. The previous version, the 11D428A (manufacturer's name RDMT-135) is still used as the reaction control system thrusters of the Zvezda ISS module.
The 11D428A-16 generates 129.16 N (29.04 lbf) of thrust with a chamber pressure of 0.88 MPa (128 psi) and achieves a specific impulse of 291 s (2.85 km/s). It is rated for 500,000 starts with a certified ignition time of 0.03 seconds to 2000 seconds. Each unit weights 1.5 kg (3.3 lb).

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.
Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk
Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk was a mechanical workshop focusing on design and construction of railcars. It was established by Hans Skabo in Drammen, Norway, in 1864; it became the first rail car factory in the country when it took delivery of the cars for Kongsvingerbanen. Due to the size of the venture, it moved to Tyskerstranden at Skøyen in Kristiania (now Oslo) in 1873.

Because the delivery of rail cars is uneven, Skabo participated in other manufacturing, including coachworks for trucks, buses and taxicabs. The first Norwegian-produced trolleybus was delivered from Skabo in 1911. Also technical devices and stalls and in 1926 firewood powered snow melters; the latter contraption rather unsuccessful. In 1948 the company was bought by Norsk Elektrisk & Brown Boveri (NEBB), who sold it to Strømmens Værksted in 1959; moving all activity to Strømmen and closing the Skøyen plant.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
2025 Jinan Open
The 2025 Jinan Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament for the men which was part of the 2025 ATP Challenger Tour 125 and fourth edition of the tournament for the women which was part of the 2025 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place in Jinan, China between 6 and 12 October 2025 for the men and between 13 and 18 October for the women.

Shi Han
Shi Han (Chinese: 施晗; pinyin: Shī Hán born 30 May 2005) is a female Chinese professional tennis player.
Shi has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of No. 200, set on 17 March 2025, and a highest doubles ranking of No. 312, achieved on 21 July 2025.
Dotbusters
The Dotbusters was a hate group active in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States, from 1975 to 1993 that attacked and threatened Indian Americans, particularly Hindu Americans in the fall of 1975. The term "dot" in "Dotbusters" originates from the bindi, a traditional forehead mark worn by Indian women.

Hate group
the white nationalist Celtic cross

the Winged Odal

the white power raised fist

the Iron Cross with the Nazi swastika

the SS Sig runes

the SS Totenkopf

A hate group is a social group that advocates and practices hatred, animosity, hostility, malice, and/or violence towards members of a race, ethnicity, nation, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or any other designated sector of society.

According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a hate group's "primary purpose is to promote animosity, hostility, and malice against persons belonging to a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin which differs from that of the members of the organization."
Pruszcz, Gryfice County
Pruszcz [pruʂt͡ʂ] (German: Prust) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brojce, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Brojce, 9 km (6 mi) north-east of Gryfice, and 78 km (48 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1637 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 145.

Gryfice County
Gryfice County (Polish: powiat gryficki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Gryfice, which lies 69 kilometres (43 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Trzebiatów, lying 17 km (11 mi) north of Gryfice, and Płoty, 13 km (8 mi) south of Gryfice.

The county covers an area of 1,018.19 square kilometres (393.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 60,773, out of which the population of Gryfice is 16,702, that of Trzebiatów is 10,113, that of Płoty is 4,142, and the rural population is 29,816.
Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility Segregated Portfolio Company
Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility Segregated Portfolio Company (CCRIF SPC) is an insurance company headquartered in the Cayman Islands. The sixteen original member-countries of CCRIF included participants in CARICOM, and the membership of the Board of Directors is selected by CARICOM and by the Caribbean Development Bank.

Founded in 2007, CCRIF is the first multi-country risk pool in the world, and was the first insurance instrument to successfully develop parametric policies backed by both traditional and capital markets. These parametric policies release funds based upon factors of a calamity such as rainfall or wind speed, which can speed up the payout of policies rather than after damages are assessed. Unused funds are kept as reserves for the CCRIF. The fund can also draw upon $140 million in funds underwritten by reinsurance.

Other regions have since setup similar government disaster instance including in the African Union and the Pacific Islands Forum.

Caribbean Development Bank
The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is a development bank that helps Caribbean countries finance social and economic programs in its member countries through loans, grants, and technical assistance. The CDB was established by an Agreement signed on October 18, 1969, in Kingston, Jamaica, which entered into force on January 26, 1970. The idea for the bank originated from the 1966 Canada/Commonwealth Caribbean Conference.

The permanent headquarters of the CDB is located in Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados, adjacent to the campus of the Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytechnic. On September 21, 2018, the Bank officially opened its Country Office in Haiti, the first outside its Headquarters in Barbados. The headquarters in Barbados serves all of the regional borrowing member countries, with staff recruited from its member states.
Tailcoat
A tailcoat is a knee-length coat characterised by a rear section of the skirt (known as the tails), with the front of the skirt cut away.

The tailcoat shares its historical origins in clothes cut for convenient horse-riding in the Early Modern era. From the 18th century, however, tailcoats evolved into general forms of  day and  evening formal wear, in parallel to how the lounge suit succeeded the frock coat (19th century) and the justacorps (18th century).

Thus, in 21st-century Western dress codes for men, mainly two types of tailcoats have survived:

Dress coat, an evening wear item with a squarely cut-away front, worn for formal white tie

Morning coat (or cutaway in American English), a day-wear item with a gradually tapered front cut away, worn for formal morning dress

In colloquial language without further specification, "tailcoat" typically designates the former, that is the evening (1) dress coat for white tie.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Embassy of France, Ankara
Embassy of France in Ankara (French: Ambassade de France en Turquie) is France's diplomatic mission to Turkey. It is located at Paris Street, Kavaklıdere, Çankaya. It is designed by Albert Laprade.

The current ambassador is Isabelle Dumont who is a fluent Turkish speaker.

Albert Laprade
Albert Laprade (29 November 1883 – 9 May 1978) was a French architect, perhaps best known for the Palais de la Porte Dorée.
During a long career he undertook many urban renewal projects as well as major industrial and commercial works.
A skilled artist, he published a series of sketch books of architecture in France and other Mediterranean countries.
Citybikes Workers' Cooperative
Citybikes Workers' Cooperative was a worker-run bike shop in Portland, Oregon, United States, focused on bike commuting and cycle touring.  It encompassed two retail locations/shops: the Annex, specializing in new and used bike sales; and the Repair Shop, specializing in used bike parts. The Annex closed in 2106.

Citybikes closed in 2024.

Bicycle touring
Bicycle touring is the taking of self-contained cycling trips for pleasure, adventure or autonomy rather than sport, commuting or exercise. Bicycle touring can range from single-day trips to extended travels spanning weeks or months. Tours may be planned by the participant or organized by a tourism business, local club or organization, or a charity as a fund-raising venture.
Judith Still
Judith Mary Still FBA (born 1958) is Emeritus Professor of French and Critical Theory at the University of Nottingham.

She earned her PhD from University College London in 1985 with a thesis titled The code of beneficence in the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau : a study of the precariousness of justice in relations between non-equals : with special reference to pudicity.

Her research focuses on the 18th and 20th centuries, and "is informed by feminist and poststructuralist theory (in particular the work of Jacques Derrida, Hélène Cixous and Luce Irigaray)".

In 2018, she was elected a Fellow of the British Academy. Reflecting on her election, she expressed her hope to contribute to the Academy's diversity, as a woman and a critical theorist but also "in that I was first in my family to go to University, supported by a loving single mother and a State that gave me a full and unconditional grant throughout my studies".

She is also a former president of the Society for French Studies.

Society for French Studies
The Society for French Studies, or SFS, is the oldest learned association for French Studies in the UK and Ireland. It aims to promote teaching and research in French Studies within higher education. The current President is Professor Nicholas Harrison.
Bidiagonalization
Bidiagonalization is one of unitary (orthogonal) matrix decompositions such that U* A V = B, where U and V are unitary (orthogonal) matrices; * denotes Hermitian transpose; and B is upper bidiagonal. A is allowed to be rectangular.

For dense matrices, the left and right unitary matrices are obtained by a series of Householder reflections alternately applied from the left and right. This is known as Golub-Kahan bidiagonalization. For large matrices, they are calculated iteratively by using Lanczos method, referred to as Golub-Kahan-Lanczos method.

Bidiagonalization has a very similar structure to the singular value decomposition (SVD). However, it is computed within finite operations, while SVD requires iterative schemes to find singular values. The latter is because the squared singular values are the roots of characteristic polynomials of A* A, where A is assumed to be tall.

Bidiagonal matrix
In mathematics, a bidiagonal matrix is a banded matrix with non-zero entries along the main diagonal and either the diagonal above or the diagonal below. This means there are exactly two non-zero diagonals in the matrix.

When the diagonal above the main diagonal has the non-zero entries the matrix is upper bidiagonal.  When the diagonal below the main diagonal has the non-zero entries the matrix is lower bidiagonal.

For example, the following matrix is upper bidiagonal:

and the following matrix is lower bidiagonal:

The eigenvalues of a bidiagonal matrix (of either type) are given by the entries of the diagonal.
West Allis – West Milwaukee School District
The School District of West Allis-West Milwaukee is a school district mostly in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.  The district has two comprehensive high schools (grades 9–12), one alternative high school (grades 9–12), one charter high school (grades 9–12), two intermediate schools (grades 6–8) and nine elementary schools (grades 4K-5). The superintendent is Dr. Tarrynce Robinson. The West Allis-West Milwaukee Board of Education is composed of nine members.

The district is mostly in Milwaukee County, where it includes the City of West Allis, the Village of West Milwaukee, and a small portion of Greenfield. It includes a small portion of New Berlin, Waukesha County.

Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Waukesha County (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 406,978, making it the third-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its median income of $88,985 placed it as the only county in Wisconsin on the list of the 100 highest-income counties in the U.S. by median income as of 2020. Its county seat and largest city is Waukesha.

Waukesha County is included in the Milwaukee metropolitan area, and is one of the three WOW counties.
Ian McLeod (cyclist)
Ian McLeod (born 3 October 1980 in Falkirk, United Kingdom) is a South African professional road bicycle racer for FedGroup ITEC. He has previously been a member of Team Bonitas, as well as Française des Jeux and Team MTN. In 2008 he won the South African National Road Race Championships.

Team Qhubeka NextHash
Team Qhubeka (UCI team code: TQA) was a UCI WorldTeam based in South Africa. The team rode to raise awareness and funds for Qhubeka, a South African not-for-profit organisation. The team was founded in 2007 and was the first-ever African team to ride the Tour de France (2015).
The Winner Is
The Winner Is is an American singing competition television series which aired on NBC. Hosted by Nick Lachey, the seven-episode series featured singers of all ages competing for a chance to win $1,000,000. The concept of the show revolved around a series of "battles", in which two contestants compete for the votes of a jury consisting of 101 music professionals. The show premiered on June 10, 2013.

The winner of the series was Katie Ohh, a nurse who won by a 57–44 decision. For her final song, she sang "The Climb". The runner-up was Sharde Bivans, a teacher, who performed "It's a Man's Man's Man's World" in the series' final battle. The other four finalists in the Final 6 were the performers Amy Showalter, Leah Grace, and the vocal groups Senior Sounds of Touch and The LaFontaines.

With a dismal 1.0 rating/3 share among adults 18–49, NBC announced its immediate cancellation on August 6, 2013, with two episodes remaining.

Nick Lachey
Nicholas Scott Lachey (/ləˈʃeɪ/ lə-SHAY; born November 9, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, TV personality, producer and actor. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica with his then-wife, Jessica Simpson. He has released four solo albums: SoulO, What's Left of Me, A Father's Lullaby, and Soundtrack of My Life. He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed. He hosted NBC's The Sing-Off, co-hosted VH1's Big Morning Buzz Live from 2014 to 2015, and Nickelodeon's America's Most Musical Family, and co-hosts the Netflix shows Love Is Blind and The Ultimatum with his wife Vanessa Lachey. He is also the sole host of Perfect Match for Netflix. In 2021, Lachey won the fifth season of The Masked Singer.
1983–84 Albanian Cup
1983–84 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the thirty-second season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in August 1983 with the first round and ended in June 1984 with the final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 1984-85 first round of the UEFA Cup. 17 Nëntori were the defending champions, having won their fifth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by 17 Nëntori.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.

Albanian Cup
The Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) is the main "knockout" competition in Albanian football. The competition started in 1939 as Kupa e Mbretit (English:"The King's Cup"). The cup was suspended for the next eight years as the Second World War started. It started again in 1948 as "Kupa e Republikës" (English: "Republic Cup") and from 1991 as "Kupa e Shqipërisë" (Albanian Cup). Today it is the second most important competition in Albania after the Kategoria Superiore.

The winners of the Cup automatically earn the right to participate in the first qualifying round of the UEFA Conference League.
1997 Lipton Championships – Men's singles
Thomas Muster defeated Sergi Bruguera in the final, 7–6(8–6), 6–3, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1997 Miami Open.

Andre Agassi was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to Scott Draper.

Doug Flach
Doug Flach (born August 10, 1970) is a former tennis player from the United States.

Flach won two doubles titles during his career. The right-hander reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on March 21, 1994, when he reached World No. 108. He defeated Andre Agassi (seeded third) in the first round at Wimbledon in 1996 but lost in the third round. He also defeated Agassi in 1997 at Washington, D.C.

Additionally, Flach had career wins over Ivan Lendl, Pat Rafter, Gustavo Kuerten, and Thomas Johansson. Flach won two doubles titles: one with Paul Annacone and the other with Sandon Stolle. He retired in 1999.

Flach was an All-American at the University of Tennessee in 1990.  His older brother Ken was a prominent tour doubles player in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Governor of Catanduanes
The governor of Catanduanes is the local chief executive and head of the Provincial Government of Catanduanes in the Philippines. Along with the governors of Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Masbate, and Sorsogon, the province's chief executive is a member of the Regional Development Council of the Bicol Region.

Bicol Region
The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon, and two off the shore: Catanduanes and Masbate.

The regional center is Legazpi, the most populous city in the region and has one independent component city, the pilgrim city of Naga. The region is bounded by Lamon Bay to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Sibuyan Sea and Ragay Gulf to the west. The northernmost provinces, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur, are bordered to the west by the province of Quezon in the Calabarzon region.
Jimmy Watson (footballer, born 1924)
James Watson (16 January 1924 – 11 April 1996) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside forward for Armadale Thistle, Motherwell, Huddersfield Town and Dunfermline Athletic. He won the Scottish Cup with Motherwell in 1952, scoring in the 4–0 victory over Dundee (having also played in a defeat to Celtic in the previous year's final), and also claimed a winner's medal in the 1950–51 edition of the Scottish League Cup, a 3–0 win against the strong Hibernian team of the era.

Watson earned two caps for Scotland, both against Northern Ireland. He was also selected for the Scottish Football League XI.

Scottish Football League XI
The Scottish League XI was a representative side of the Scottish Football League. The team regularly played against the (English) Football League and other national league select teams between 1892 and 1980. For a long period the annual fixture between the English and Scottish leagues was only second in importance to the matches between the two national teams. The fixture declined in importance after regular European club competition was instituted in the 1950s; matches in the 1960s and 1970s were played irregularly and poorly attended. A match involving a Scottish League XI was last played in 1990, to mark the centenary of the League.
WLOA
WLOA (1470 AM) is a commercial rhythmic contemporary radio station licensed to Farrell, Pennsylvania. Owned by Over/Under, LLC, the station serves both the Sharon, Pennsylvania, and Youngstown, Ohio markets. WLOA also simulcasts over Youngstown translator W272EI (102.3 FM). The WLOA studios are located in the city of Meadville, while the transmitter for WLOA resides off of South State Line Road in Masury, Ohio; W272EI's transmitter is located off of Mabel Street in Youngstown's Lansingville neighborhood. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WLOA is available online.

Meadville, Pennsylvania
Meadville is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 13,050 at the 2020 census. The first permanent settlement in Northwestern Pennsylvania, Meadville is within 40 miles (64 km) of Erie and within 90 miles (140 km) of Pittsburgh. It is the principal city of the  Meadville micropolitan area, as well as part of the larger Erie–Meadville combined statistical area.