hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Werner Schmidt-Hammer
Werner Schmidt-Hammer (26 September 1894 – 4 January 1962) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

Schmidt-Hammer surrendered to the Red Army in the course of the Soviet Prague Offensive in May 1945. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was held until October 1955.

Prague offensive
The Prague offensive (Russian: Пражская стратегическая наступательная операция, romanized: Prazhskaya strategicheskaya nastupatel'naya operatsiya, lit. 'Prague Strategic Offensive Operation') was the last major military operation of World War II in Europe. The offensive was fought on the Eastern Front from 6 May to 11 May 1945. Fought concurrently with the Prague uprising, the offensive significantly helped the liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945. The offensive was one of the last engagements of World War II in Europe and continued after Nazi Germany's unconditional capitulation on 8/9 May.

The city of Prague was ultimately liberated by the USSR during the Prague offensive. All of the German troops of Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) and many of Army Group Ostmark (formerly known as Army Group South) were killed or captured, or fell into the hands of the Allies after the capitulation.
Family of curves
In geometry, a family of curves is a set of curves, each of which is given by a function or parametrization in which one or more of the parameters is variable. In general, the parameter(s) influence the shape of the curve in a way that is more complicated than a simple linear transformation. Sets of curves given by an implicit relation may also represent families of curves.

Families of curves appear frequently in solutions of differential equations; when an additive constant of integration is introduced, it will usually be manipulated algebraically until it no longer represents a simple linear transformation.

Families of curves may also arise in other areas. For example, all non-degenerate conic sections can be represented using a single polar equation with one parameter, the eccentricity of the curve:

as the value of e changes, the appearance of the curve varies in a relatively complicated way.

Parameter
A parameter (from Ancient Greek  παρά (pará) 'beside, subsidiary' and  μέτρον (métron) 'measure'), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when identifying the system, or when evaluating its performance, status, condition, etc.

Parameter has more specific meanings within various disciplines, including mathematics, computer programming, engineering, statistics, logic, linguistics, and electronic musical composition.

In addition to its technical uses, there are also extended uses, especially in non-scientific contexts, where it is used to mean defining characteristics or boundaries, as in the phrases 'test parameters' or 'game play parameters'.
Kobyla Góra, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Kobyla Góra [kɔˈbɨla ˈɡura] is a village in Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kobyla Góra.

The village has an approximate population of 2,000.

Kobyla Góra was a private town, administratively located in the Ostrzeszów County in the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.

Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Greater Poland Province (Polish: Prowincja Wielkopolska) was an administrative division of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1795. The name of the province comes from the historic land of Greater Poland.

The Greater Poland Province consisted initially of twelve voivodeships (after 1768 thirteen voivodeships) and one duchy:

Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship

Chełmno Voivodeship

Gniezno Voivodeship, est. in 1768

Inowrocław Voivodeship

Kalisz Voivodeship

Łęczyca Voivodeship

Malbork Voivodeship

Masovian Voivodeship

Płock Voivodeship

Pomeranian Voivodeship

Poznań Voivodeship

Rawa Voivodeship

Sieradz Voivodeship

Prince-Bishopric of Warmia

The location of the Crown Tribunal for the Greater Poland Province (the highest appeal court of the province) was Piotrków Trybunalski, and after the Convocation Sejm (1764) also Poznań and Bydgoszcz.
Greg Kerr-Wilson
Gregory Keith Kerr-Wilson is a Canadian Anglican bishop. Since 2012, he has been bishop of Calgary, and since 2015, he has been archbishop of Calgary and metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of the Northern Lights in the Anglican Church of Canada. Earlier in his career, he was bishop of Qu'Appelle and dean of Edmonton and rector of All Saints' Anglican Cathedral in Edmonton. He was twice a candidate for Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada.

Diocese of Qu'Appelle
The Diocese of Qu'Appelle in the Anglican Church of Canada lies in the southern third of the civil province of Saskatchewan and contains within its geographical boundaries some 50 per cent of the province's population of one million.
Nicole Hudson
Nicole Hudson (born November 11, 1990) is an American softball player. She grew up in Webb City, Missouri, where her father owned a pizzeria, and attended Webb City High School, where she played softball and basketball. She later attended the University of Missouri, where she played third base and pitcher on the Missouri Tigers softball team. During her freshman season in 2010, Hudson led the Tigers to the 2010 Women's College World Series first round, where they fell to Florida, 5–0. During her sophomore season in 2011, Hudson led the Tigers to the 2011 Women's College World Series second round, where they fell to Baylor, 1–0.

2011 NCAA Division I softball tournament
The 2011 NCAA Division I softball tournament was held from May 19 through June 8, 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I softball season. The 64 NCAA Division I college softball teams were selected out of an eligible 284 teams on May 15, 2011. 30 teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference, and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Softball Selection Committee. The tournament culminated with eight teams playing in the 2011 Women's College World Series at ASA Hall of Fame Stadium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Geometric diode
Geometric diodes, also known as morphological diodes, use the shape of their structure and ballistic / quasi-ballistic electron transport to create diode behavior. Geometric diodes differ from all other forms of diodes because they do not rely on a depletion region or a potential barrier to create their diode behavior. Instead of a potential barrier, an asymmetry in the geometry of the material (that is on the order of the mean free path of the charge carrier) creates an asymmetry in forward vs reverse bias current (aka a diode).

Biasing
In electronics, biasing is the setting of DC (direct current) operating conditions (current and voltage) of an electronic component that processes time-varying signals. Many electronic devices, such as diodes, transistors and vacuum tubes, whose function is processing time-varying (AC) signals, also require a steady (DC) current or voltage at their terminals to operate correctly. This current or voltage is called bias. The AC signal applied to them is superposed on this DC bias current or voltage.

The operating point of a device, also known as bias point, quiescent point, or Q-point, is the DC voltage or current at a specified terminal of an active device (a transistor or vacuum tube) with no input signal applied. A bias circuit is a portion of the device's circuit that supplies this steady current or voltage.
Tatyana Mudritskaya
Tatyana Mudritskaya (born 17 January 1985 in Mogilev-Podolskiy, Ukraine) is a Kazakhstani female volleyball player. 
She is a member of the Kazakhstan women's national volleyball team, and played for Schweriner SC in 2014. 
She was part of the Kazakhstani national team  at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.

Schweriner SC
Schweriner SC, also known as SSC Schwerin, is a German professional sports club based in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is mostly known for its women's volleyball department which plays in the German Volleyball League having won it many times.
Shane Kavanagh
Shane Kavanagh (born 1983 in Kinvara, County Galway) is an Irish sportsman. He plays hurling with his local club Kinvara and was a member of the Galway senior inter-county team. Kavanagh was captain of the Galway county team that won the 2010 National Hurling League title.

Kinvara
Kinvara or Kinvarra (Irish: Cinn Mhara, meaning 'head of the sea') is a sea port village in the southwest of County Galway, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of Kinvarradoorus in the north of the barony of Kiltartan. Kinvarra is also an electoral division.
The Slow Professor
The Slow Professor: Challenging the Culture of Speed in the Academy (cloth ISBN 9781442645561; paper ISBN 9781487521851; EPUB e-book ISBN 9781442663107) is a book by Maggie Berg and Barbara K. Seeber published by University of Toronto Press. The authors challenge the haste in modern universities caused by their corporatization.

EPUB
EPUB is an e-book file format that uses the ".epub" file extension. The term is short for electronic publication and is sometimes stylized as ePUB. EPUB is supported by many e-readers, and compatible software is available for most smartphones, tablets, and computers. EPUB is a technical standard published by the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF). It became an official standard of the IDPF in September 2007, superseding the older Open eBook (OEB) standard.

The Book Industry Study Group endorses EPUB 3 as the format of choice for packaging content and has stated that the global book publishing industry should rally around a single standard. Technically, a file in the EPUB format is a ZIP archive file consisting of XHTML files carrying the content, along with images and other supporting files. EPUB is the most widely supported vendor-independent XML-based e-book format; it is supported by almost all hardware readers and many software readers and mobile apps.
Acleris issikii
Acleris issikii is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Korea, China, Japan and Russia (Amur, Ussuri, Vladivostok).

The wingspan is 16–21 mm. There are two generations per year with adults on wing from June to July and again from September to October.

The larvae feed on Salix integra, Populus nigra and Populus sieboldii.

Salix integra
Salix integra is a species of willow native to northeastern China, Japan, Korea and the far southeastern Russia (Primorsky Krai).

It is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–6 m tall with greyish-green bark and reddish to yellowish shoots. The leaves are 2–10 cm long and 1–2 cm wide; they are pale green both above and below, and unusually for a willow, are often arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three, rather than alternate. The flowers are produced in small catkins 1–2.5 cm long in early spring; they are brownish to reddish in colour. It is dioecious, with male and female catkins on separate plants.

It is closely related to the European and western Asian Salix purpurea, and has been treated as a variety of it by some authors, as S. purpurea var. multinervis (Franchet & Savatier) Matsumura, or as a subspecies S. purpurea subsp. amplexicaulis (Chaubard) C.K.Schneid.
Saimiri fieldsi
Saimiri fieldsi is an extinct species of New World monkey in the genus Saimiri (squirrel monkeys) from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia.

Caldasia
Caldasia is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) since 1940. Articles are written in Spanish or English. The journal covers biodiversity topics in a wide sense, including the documentation, understanding, or conservation of biological diversity and thus accepts papers on botany, zoology, ecology, biodiversity, biogeography, taxonomy, systematics, conservation, anthropology, and related disciplines. It publishes full papers, reviews, or short communications. The journal charges no publication fees to authors.
The Faroe Insurance Company
The Faroe Insurance Company (Faroese: Tryggingarfelagið Føroyar, TF), often referred to as Tryggingin, is an insurance company in the Faroe Islands. The company currently employs about 110 people and is headquartered in Tórshavn. The Faroe Insurance Company also has branch offices in Sandavágur, Saltangará, Klaksvík, and Tvøroyri. The company was founded as Tryggingarsambandið Føroyar (the Faroese Insurance Union) in 1965 and received its current name in 1998. Chairmen of the company have included Kristian Djurhuus, Johan Poulsen, and Hilmar Kass.
Now known as "Betri Trygging"

Sandavágur
Sandavágur (Danish: Sandevåg) is a town on the south coast of the Faroese island of Vágar.
The name Sandavágur means sandy bay and refers to the sandy beach which used to be much larger than present. From one point in Sandavágur you can get a view of all the southern islands in the Faroes. Sandavágur used to be a municipality until 1 January 2009, when it fused together with the neighbour village Miðvágur into the new Vágar municipality.

Data:
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S35
28S ribosomal protein S35, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS35 gene.

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that has had confusing nomenclature in the literature. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 3p, 5q, and 10q.

5S ribosomal RNA
The 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) is an approximately 120 nucleotide-long ribosomal RNA molecule with a mass of 40 kDa. It is a structural and functional component of the large subunit of the ribosome in all domains of life (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes), with the exception of mitochondrial ribosomes of fungi and animals. The designation 5S refers to the molecule's sedimentation coefficient in an ultracentrifuge, which is measured in Svedberg units (S).
Don't Break My Heart (Vaya Con Dios song)
"Don't Break My Heart" is a song by the Belgian band Vaya Con Dios, released in 1995 by Ariola as the first single from their fourth studio album, Roots and Wings (1995). It was written by Dani Klein, James T. Slater, Luc Weisser and Willy Lambregt, and produced by Philippe Allaert. The single peaked at number six on the Belgian singles chart.

Vaya Con Dios (band)
Vaya Con Dios is a Belgian music act that stood out for its mixing of styles, as well as the distinctive voice of its lead singer Dani Klein. It was one of the best-selling Belgian music acts, having sold more than 10 million albums and more than 3 million singles.

It was founded in 1986, but after 1991 Vaya Con Dios was for the most part a one woman band, centered on singer, lyricist, band leader and producer Dani Klein, reinforced by an ever-changing selection of musicians. In 2014, Dani Klein performed her last international tour under the Vaya Con Dios formula. Vaya Con Dios officially disbanded with their last concert on 25 October 2014, in Forest National. In 2022 Vaya Con Dios returned with a new album.
Durley Mill
Durley Mill  is a hamlet between Botley and Bishops Waltham, in the civil parish of Durley, in the Winchester district, in the county of Hampshire, England. It once had a small intermediate halt  on the Bishops Waltham branch.

Durley
Durley is a village and civil parish in the City of Winchester district of Hampshire, England. It is located approximately 7½ miles (12.1 km) northeast of Southampton and has a population of around 992. The village has two pubs, the Robin Hood Inn and the Farmers Home. Durley has one school, Durley CE Primary, with approximately 130 pupils ranging from four to eleven years of age, and a pre-school called Durley Ladybirds. The village's church is the Church of the Holy Cross.
Virtual routing and forwarding
In IP-based computer networks, virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of a routing table to co-exist within the same router at the same time. One or more logical or physical interfaces may have a VRF and these VRFs do not share routes. Therefore, the packets are only forwarded between interfaces on the same VRF. VRFs are the  TCP/IP layer 3 equivalent of a VLAN. Because the routing instances are independent, the same or overlapping IP addresses can be used without conflicting with each other. Network functionality is improved because network paths can be segmented without requiring multiple routers.

Routing table
In computer networking, a routing table, or routing information base (RIB), is a data table stored in a router or a network host that lists the routes to particular network destinations, and in some cases, metrics (distances) associated with those routes. The routing table contains information about the topology of the network immediately around it.

The construction of routing tables is the primary goal of routing protocols. Static routes are entries that are fixed, rather than resulting from routing protocols and network topology discovery procedures.
2021 World Para Snow Sports Championships
The 2021 World Para Snow Sports Championships was an international disability sport competition held in Lillehammer, Norway from 8 to 23 January 2022. It was the inaugural edition of the World Para Snow Sports Championships with para-alpine skiing, para cross-country skiing, para biathlon and para snowboard being held. It was scheduled for 7 to 20 February 2021 but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. The rescheduled event retained 2021 in its name.

The biathlon and cross-country skiing events were held at the Birkebeineren Ski Stadium and the alpine skiing and snowboard events were held at Hafjell.

Birkebeineren Ski Stadium
Birkebeineren Ski Stadium (Norwegian: Birkebeineren skistadion) is a cross-country skiing and biathlon venue located in Lillehammer, Norway. Situated 3 kilometers (2 mi) from the town center and at 485 meters (1,591 ft) above mean sea level, it has two stadium areas, one for cross-country and one for biathlon. The former can accommodate 31,000 spectators, and the latter 13,500. The venue was built for the 1994 Winter Olympics, costing 83.6 million Norwegian krone (NOK). It was subsequently used by the 1994 Winter Paralympics for Paralympic Nordic skiing and Paralympic biathlon. After the games, ownership was transferred to the municipal Lillehammer Olympiapark. The venue has since been used for one Biathlon World Cup, three FIS Cross-Country World Cup and nine FIS Nordic Combined World Cup tournaments, the latter with the ski jumping competition taking place at the nearby Lysgårdsbakkene Ski Jumping Arena. Birkebeineren also hosted the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.
Profilometer
A profilometer is a measuring instrument used to measure a surface's profile, in order to quantify its roughness. Critical dimensions as step, curvature, flatness are computed from the surface topography.

While the historical notion of a profilometer was a device similar to a phonograph that measures a surface as the surface is moved relative to the contact profilometer's stylus, this notion is changing with the emergence of numerous non-contact profilometry techniques.

Non-scanning technologies measure the surface topography within a single camera acquisition, XYZ scanning is no longer needed. As a consequence, dynamic changes of topography are measured in real-time. Contemporary profilometers are not only measuring static topography, but now also dynamic topography – such systems are described as time-resolved profilometers.

Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. Capturing multiple two-dimensional images at different depths in a sample enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures (a process known as optical sectioning) within an object. This technique is used extensively in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.

Light travels through the sample under a conventional microscope as far into the specimen as it can penetrate, while a confocal microscope only focuses a smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. The CLSM achieves a controlled and highly limited depth of field.
Raymond A. Spruance
Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 – December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II. He commanded U.S. naval forces during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, one of the most significant naval battles of the Pacific Theatre. He also commanded Task Force 16 at the Battle of Midway, comprising the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. At Midway, dive bombers from American carriers sank four fleet carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Most historians consider Midway the turning point of the Pacific War.

Official Navy historian Samuel Eliot Morison characterized Spruance's performance as "superb", and he was nicknamed "electric brain" for his calmness even in moments of supreme crisis, a reputation enhanced by his successful tactics. He emerged from the war as one of the greater admirals in American history. After the war, Spruance was appointed President of the Naval War College, and later served as American ambassador to the Philippines.

Combined Fleet
The Combined Fleet (聯合艦隊, Rengō Kantai) was the main sea-going component of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Until 1933, the Combined Fleet was not a permanent organization, but a temporary force formed for the duration of a conflict or major naval maneuvers from various units normally under separate commands in peacetime.
Earl Mortimer College
Earl Mortimer College is a coeducational secondary school in Leominster, Herefordshire, England.

It is a community school administered by Herefordshire Council. It replaced the former Minster College and opened in September 2010. It is smaller than the average secondary school.

Earl Mortimer College offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

The current principal is Alison Banner.

Herefordshire Council
Herefordshire Council is the local authority for the county of Herefordshire in England. It is a unitary authority, combining the powers of a district and county council. The council is based in Hereford. It has been under no overall control since 2019, and has been run by a minority Conservative administration since 2023.
Spodnja Dobrava, Moravče
Spodnja Dobrava (pronounced [ˈspoːdnja dɔˈbɾaːʋa]) is a settlement east of Moravče in central Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the Municipality of Moravče in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Moravče
The Municipality of Moravče (pronounced [mɔˈɾaːu̯tʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Moravče) is a municipality in the traditional region of Upper Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Moravče. Moravče became a municipality in 1994.