hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1995 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
The 1995 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana was the 53rd edition of the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana road cycling stage race, which was held from 22 to 26 February 1995. The race started in Calpe and finished in Castellón. The race was won by Alex Zülle of the ONCE team.

ONCE (cycling team)
ONCE cycling team, (UCI team code: ONC) also known as Liberty Seguros, Liberty Seguros–Würth and in succession in its final year, Astana–Würth and Astana was a Spanish cycling team. It competed in the UCI ProTour circuit.

On 25 May 2006, Liberty Mutual ("seguros" means "insurance" in Spanish) pulled out of primary sponsorship due to a doping scandal involving the directeur sportif, Manolo Saiz. On 2 June 2006, the team acquired a primary sponsor named Astana, after the capital of Kazakhstan. Würth was co-sponsor until 3 July 2006, withdrawing at the end of the 2006 Tour de France, in which Astana–Würth didn't compete. At the end of the season, Astana also withdrew due to the non-participation in the Tour. On 16 December 2006, the UCI withdrew the ProTour licence of Saiz's company, Active Bay.

Some riders and staff formed the Kazakhstan-based Astana Team.
Aktyubinlag
Aktyubinlag, also Aktyubinstroy, Aktyubkominat, and ITL and Construction Administration of the Aktyubinsk Combine of the NKVD (Russian: Актюбинлаг, Актюбинстрой, Актюбкомбинат, ИТЛ и Строительство Актюбинского комбината НКВД) was a forced labor camp under the control of the GULAG that was operational from 27 Feb 1940 to 24 Apr 1946, located in Aktyubinsk (modern-day Aktobe), Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

The prisoners were mostly used for mining various ores and stones, including chromium, ferronickel, nickel, quartzite, and coal. However they were also involved in agriculture; fishing; and construction of factories, houses, roadways, and railroads.

There were a total of 63,127 people who were imprisoned here, peaking in 1943 with 14,842 prisoners.

Ferroalloy
A ferroalloy is an alloy of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si).  They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualities to steel and cast iron or serve important functions during production and are, therefore, closely associated with the iron and steel industry, the leading consumer of ferroalloys. The leading producers of ferroalloys in 2014 were China, South Africa, India, Russia and Kazakhstan, which accounted for 84% of the world production. World production of ferroalloys was estimated as 52.8 million tonnes in 2015.
Cleitagora
Cleitagora or Clitagora or Kleitagora (Greek: Κλειταγόρα) was a lyric poet mentioned by Aristophanes in his Wasps and his lost play the Danaïdes; a fragment of Cratinus also mentions her.  A drinking song named "Cleitagora" is mentioned in Aristophanes' Lysistrata.

According to a scholiast on Lysistrata and the Suda she was a Spartan.  However, the scholiast on the Wasps says that Cleitagora was Thessalian, and Hesychius says that she was from Lesbos. Sarah Pomeroy argues that a Spartan origin is more likely. As Spartan women, unlike other Greek women, drank wine in their daily life rather than only at religious festivals, it makes sense to name a drinking song after a Spartan woman. If Cleitagora was Spartan, this would explain why the song "Cleitagora" was said to be more appropriate to sing than "Telamon" when the Spartan women are visiting in Lysistrata.

Nothing further is known of either Cleitagora or the song named after her.

Suda
The Suda or Souda (/ˈsuːdə/; Medieval Greek: Σοῦδα Soûda [ˈsuða]; Latin: Suidae Lexicon) is a large 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world, formerly attributed to an author called Soudas (Σούδας) or Souidas (Σουίδας). It is an encyclopedic lexicon, written in Greek, with 30,000 entries, many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost, and often derived from medieval Christian compilers.
Jinkinson
Jinkinson is a surname, similar to Jinkins, Jenkinson, Jenkins and Jenkyns. Notable people with this surname include:

Alan Jinkinson (1935–2022), British trade union leader

Earl Jinkinson (1905–1995), American antitrust lawyer and father of Georgia Bonesteel

Georgia Bonesteel (née Jinkinson) (born 1936), American quilter, author and television host

Jenkyns
Jenkyns is a surname. People with the surname include:

Andrea Jenkyns (born 1974), British politician

Caesar Jenkyns (1866–1941), Welsh international footballer

Henry Jenkyns (1838–1899), English lawyer and parliamentary counsel

Richard Jenkyns (1782–1854), English academic administrator and dean

Richard Jenkyns (born 1949), Professor of the Classical Tradition at Oxford University
Uromacer oxyrhynchus
Uromacer oxyrhynchus, the sharp-nosed Hispaniolan vine snake or pointed snake, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (in Haiti and the Dominican Republic).

Colubridae
Colubridae (/kəˈluːbrɪdiː/, commonly known as colubrids /ˈkɒljʊbrɪdz/, from Latin: coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica.
Bentleigh, Victoria
Bentleigh is a suburb in Melbourne, Australia, 13 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Bentleigh recorded a population of 17,921 at the 2021 census. Within Bentleigh is the unbounded locality of Patterson. Neighbouring suburbs include Bentleigh East, Brighton East, Moorabbin and McKinnon.

Local government areas of Victoria
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in Victoria, sorted by region.

Also referred to as municipalities, the 79 Victorian LGAs are classified as cities (34), shires (38), rural cities (6) and boroughs (1). In general, an urban or suburban LGA is called a city and is governed by a city council, while a rural LGA covering a larger rural area is usually called a shire and is governed by a shire council. Local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their classification.

Local elections are held in Victoria every four years with the most recent elections held in 2024.
Neiva Universal
The Neiva N621 Universal is a Brazilian propeller-driven basic trainer and ground attack aircraft manufactured by Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva. It is a cantilever, low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, with retractable undercarriage and side-by-side seating.

Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva
Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva is a subsidiary of Embraer which produces airplanes and aircraft components. Its main product is the Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, the most employed agricultural aircraft in Brazil and the first alcohol-powered airplane. Neiva delivered more than 3,700 aircraft until early 2006.

The company was founded in Rio de Janeiro, in 1954, by José Carlos de Barros Neiva. It started as a glider manufacturer. It moved to Botucatu in 1956. The company produced many gliders and general aviation aircraft until March 11, 1980, when it was acquired by Embraer. After the acquisition, Neiva also started to produce the Ipanema and various components for Embraer aircraft, including the Embraer ERJ 145 family, the Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano and the Embraer E-Jets. Neiva also produced the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia from 1999 to 2002. In 2006 it was incorporated by Embraer, becoming a unit focused especially on manufacturing agricultural aircraft.
Oxhill, Warwickshire
Oxhill is a village in South Warwickshire, England, off the A422 road between Stratford-upon-Avon and Banbury. The population taken at the 2021census was 387. It lies in the administrative district of Stratford-on-Avon in the area known as the Vale of the Red Horse. The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as "Octeselve" and has a 12th-century church dedicated to Saint Lawrence. The indentions in the chancel window mullions are believed by many to be the marks made by local archers sharpening their arrowheads. Because of the holiness and sacredness of the church, the blessed arrows were also presumed to have divine accuracy.

A422 road
The A422 is an "A" road for east–west journeys in south central England, connecting the county towns of Bedford and Worcester by way of Milton Keynes, Buckingham, Brackley, Banbury and Stratford-upon-Avon.  For most of its length, it is a narrow single carriageway.
St. Denis, Maryland
St. Denis is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County in Central Maryland, United States, located in Arbutus, south of Baltimore.

It is located on the CSX main line between Halethorpe and Relay (the latter being the site of the Thomas Viaduct), and is best known as a stop on the MARC commuter rail (on the Camden line). In former years, a station building stood here similar to that in Germantown, but all that remains are the platforms. That station, built in 1891, was destroyed by an arson fire in 1976. The Maryland Transit Administration considered discontinuing this stop in 2006 but was prevented from doing so by legislation in the Maryland General Assembly.

The Halethorpe MARC station is on a different line than the St. Denis station, as St. Denis is on the former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Halethorpe on the former Pennsylvania Railroad.

MARC Train
The Maryland Area Rail Commuter (MARC) is a commuter rail system in the Washington–Baltimore area. MARC (reporting mark MARC) is administered by the Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) and operated under contract by Alstom and Amtrak on track owned by CSX Transportation (CSXT) and Amtrak. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 4,187,100, or about 19,300 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025, less than pre-COVID-19 pandemic weekday ridership of 40,000.

With trains on the Penn Line reaching a maximum speed of 125 miles per hour (201 km/h), MARC has the highest top speed of any commuter railroad in the United States.
Procambarus econfinae
Procambarus econfinae, sometimes called the Panama City crayfish, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is only found around Panama City, Florida, and is listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List.  It has been listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 since February 2022.

Panama City, Florida
Panama City is a city in and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States. Located along U.S. Highway 98 (US 98), it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola. It is the most populous city in Bay County and a principal city of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of approximately 200,534. According to the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,939 (excluding Panama City Beach).
Vidal Benveniste
Don Vidal Benveniste de la Cavalleria was a Spanish Jew who lived in Saragossa Spain, during the second half of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century. He was elected, by the notables of the Jewish communities of Aragon, as the speaker before the pope at the beginning of disputation of Tortosa (1413), because of his knowledge of Latin and his reputed wisdom.

Benveniste wrote a refutation of the seeming evidences of Jesus as the Messiah, called "Ḳodesh ha-Ḳodashim," which is still extant in manuscript. He is not identical with Don Ferrer of Gerona or with Vidal ben Labi de la Cavalleria, as claimed by some.

Disputation of Tortosa
The Disputation of Tortosa was one of the famous ordered disputations between Christians and Jews of the Middle Ages, a series of sixty nine sessions held in the years 1413–1414 in the city of Tortosa, Principality of Catalonia (Crown of Aragon, part of modern-day Spain). According to the Jewish Encyclopedia it was not a free and authentic debate,  but was an attempt by Christians to force conversion on the Jews.

Among the participants on the Jewish side were Profiat Duran and Yosef Albo as well as other rabbinic scholars such as Moshe ben Abbas, and Astruc ha-Levi. Each one was a representative of a different community. Vincent Ferrer, later canonised, was an important participant on the Christian side.  As a followup of the disputations, in May 1415, a papal bull forbade the study of the Talmud.
Swindon Law Courts
Swindon Law Courts, also known as Swindon Combined Court Centre, is a Crown Court venue which deals with criminal cases, as well as a County Court venue, which deals with civil cases, in Islington Street, Swindon, England.

Crown Court
The Crown Court is the criminal court of first instance in England and Wales responsible for hearing all indictable offences, some either way offences and appeals of the decisions of magistrates' courts. It is one of three Senior Courts of England and Wales.

The Crown Court sits in around 92 locations in England and Wales, divided into Circuits.  When sitting in the City of London, it is known as the Central Criminal Court or "Old Bailey".

The  Crown Court is administered by HM Courts and Tribunals Service, an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice.
Mhlumeni
Mhlumeni is a town in eastern Eswatini  on the border with Mozambique. It lies in the Lubombo Mountains about 40 kilometres north-east of Siteki in Lubombo District. Mhlumeni is tourist attraction as it hosts the Mbuluzi Game Reserve.

Mbuluzi Game Reserve
Mbuluzi Game Reserve is a privately owned reserve in Eswatini, within the Lubombo Conservancy. There are three lodges privately situated on the Mlawula River, and a campsite, situated above some rapids in the Mbuluzi River.
Rosenborg tram stop (original)
Rosenborg (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈrùːsn̩bɔrɡ]) was a tram stop on the Oslo Tramway. It was located on the shopping street Bogstadveien, in the area of the same name in the neighbourhood Hegdehaugen. The station was preceded by Schultz' gate on the Briskeby Line and succeeded by Homansbyen and Uranienborgveien on the Homansby and Briskeby Line, respectively. In 2005, the station was upgraded, with heightened platforms, new skeds and real-time monitors. In 2014, the stop was closed and replaced by the newly established Bogstadveien stop, located a bit further north on the Bogstadveien street, closer to Majorstuen. The succeeding Uranienborg stop was relocated to the street junction between Bogstadveien and Josefines gate, and renamed Rosenborg.

Trams in Oslo
The Oslo tram network (Norwegian: Trikken i Oslo, short from elektrikk, 'electric') is the tram system in Oslo, Norway. It consists of six lines with 99 stops and has a daily ridership of 132,000. It is operated by Sporveien Trikken AS, a subsidiary of the municipally owned Sporveien who maintain the track and 72 tram vehicles on contracts with the public transport authority Ruter. The system operates on standard gauge and uses 750 V DC overhead. Depot, workshops and headquarters are at Grefsen (at the terminus of lines 17 and 18). There is also a depot at Holtet (along lines 13 and 19) that is home to the technical company InfraPartner, which maintains the track for the tram and metro systems in Oslo, and a small office building for Oslo Sporveier.
Mean What You Say (Witness album)
Mean What You Say, released in 1991 on CGI Records, is a gospel music album by American contemporary gospel music group Witness. This would be the last album to feature original founding members Tina Brooks and Yolanda Harris, who departed after the album's release. Gospel singer Lizz Lee stepped in with LouAnn Stewart to replace Brooks and Harris to promote the album. Lee would then depart to the group and be permanently replaced by Lisa Page's sister Laeh Page.

The album earned a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album.

Lisa Page Brooks
Lisa Charise Brooks (née, Harris; born November 23, 1963) is an American urban contemporary gospel, traditional black gospel, and gospel music recording artist and musician. She started her music career, in 1986, with her quartet, Witness. Her solo music career began in 1997, while she has since released four solo studio albums, More Than You'll Ever Know in 1997, Lisa Page Brooks in 2001, Strong in 2009, and Ready in 2013. Three of those albums charted on the Billboard magazine charts.
Zătreni
Zătreni is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of fourteen villages: Butanu, Ciortești, Dealu Glămeia, Dealu Văleni, Făurești, Mănicea, Mecea, Oltețu, Sășcioara, Stanomiru, Valea Văleni, Văleni, Zătreni, and Zătrenii de Sus. Until 2004, it also included Contea, Gănești, Lăcusteni, Lăcustenii de Jos and Lăcustenii de Sus villages; these were split off that year to form Lăcusteni Commune.

The commune is situated on the Getic Plateau, at an altitude of 235 m (771 ft), on the banks of the river Olteț and its left tributary, the Budele. It is located in the southwestern part of Vâlcea County, 20 km (12 mi) north of Bălcești and 75 km (47 mi) southwest of the county seat, Râmnicu Vâlcea, on the border with Gorj County.

Zătreni is crossed by national road DN67B, which leads to Târgu Jiu, 86 km (53 mi) to the northwest, and Drăgășani, 58 km (36 mi) to the southeast.

The commune features Cula Zătreanu, dating from 1754.

Culă
A culă (plural: cule; from Turkish kule "tower, turret") is a type of semi-fortified dwelling historically found in the Oltenia region of Romania, with notable examples also in Muntenia (in the counties of Argeș and Teleorman). Constructed primarily between the 17th and 19th centuries, these structures served as residences for the boyar aristocracy, offering protection against invasions and local uprisings. Architecturally, cule are characterized by their tower-like appearance, typically featuring multiple levels, thick walls, and defensive elements such as narrow windows or loopholes for archers. The design reflects a blend of domestic comfort and military functionality, embodying the capacity of traditional Romanian architecture to assimilate foreign influences while remaining distinctively local. Similar tower houses are prevalent throughout the Balkans, including in Serbia and Albania.
Vaiano, Castiglione del Lago
Vaiano is a frazione of the comune of Castiglione del Lago in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 371 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 234 inhabitants.

Castiglione del Lago
Castiglione del Lago is a town in the province of Perugia of Umbria (central Italy), on the southwest corner of Lake Trasimeno.  Orvieto is 59 km (37 mi) south, Chiusi is 21 km (13 mi) to the south west, Arezzo is 56 km (35 mi) to the north west, Cortona is 21 km (13 mi) to the north, and Perugia is 47 km (29 mi) to the south east.
Ajay Patel
Ajay Patel (born 9 February 1962) is an Indian businessman and sport administrator. He is the chairman of Gujarat State Co-operative Bank and Ahmedabad District Co-Operative Bank (ADC Bank). Patel is also involved in sports associations, primarily as president of Gujarat State Chess Association and vice president of the National Rifle Association. He is considered a close confidant of Amit Shah, who was also past president and director of the ADC Bank.

Ahmedabad district
Ahmedabad (Amdavad) district is a district comprises the city of Ahmedabad, in the central part of the state of Gujarat in western India. It is the seventh most populous district in India (out of 739). Ahmedabad District Surrounded By Kheda district in the east, Mehsana district in the north, Anand district in the south and Surendranagar district in the west.
Pappireddipatti Assembly constituency
Pappireddippatti is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India, that was formed after the constituency delimitation in 2008. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 60. Located in Dharmapuri district, it comprises portions of Dharmapuri and Pappireddipatti taluks. It is included in Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency for elections to the Parliament of India. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Electoral boundary delimitation
Electoral boundary delimitation (or simply boundary delimitation or delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries of electoral precincts and related divisions involved in elections, such as states, counties or other municipalities. It can also be called "redistribution" and is used to prevent unbalance of population across districts. In the United States, it is called redistricting. Unbalanced or discriminatory delimitation is called "gerrymandering". Though there are no internationally agreed processes that guarantee fair delimitation, several organizations, such as the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Union and the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) have proposed guidelines for effective delimitation.
Crucifixion (Bramantino)
Crucifixion is an oil painting on panel of c. 1510–1512 by the Italian Renaissance painter Bramantino in the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan. It was first recorded in that gallery's collections in 1806, without any earlier provenance.

The work's original location and commissioner are unknown; the former may have been Milan Cathedral or the church of Santa Maria in Brera. The panel might have been kept in storage due to its unorthodox iconography. Some theorise that it was produced in the milieu of religious reform movements current in Milan during its occupation by the French (later opposed by Carlo Borromeo and the Counter-Reformation), or that it was directly commissioned by Marshal Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, the city's governor on behalf of the French, who had also commissioned the cartoons for the Trivulzio tapestries from Bramantino.

Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
Gian Giacomo Trivulzio (French: Jean-Jacques Trivulce; 1440 or 1441 – 5 December 1518) was an Italian aristocrat, statesman, and condottiero who played a prominent role during the Italian Wars. Originally serving the Duchy of Milan, he later became a leading military commander for Louis XII of France, contributing significantly to the French conquest of Milan in 1499, after which he was appointed Governor of the city and awarded the title of Marshal of France.

Trivulzio is also remembered for his pragmatic view on warfare, famously stating that "to carry on war, three things are necessary: money, money, and yet more money."
Civic Center Mall
The Civic Center Mall, located in downtown Hartford, was a three level, enclosed shopping mall and office complex built in 1975 as part of a large downtown urban redevelopment project. It was previously the commercial portion of a four block square megastructure-type development, The Hartford Civic Center complex, which also contains a multi-purpose coliseum, an exhibition and trade show center, structured parking and a 330-room Sheraton (now Hilton) hotel.

Hilton Hotels & Resorts
Hilton Hotels & Resorts (formerly known as Hilton Hotels) is a global brand of full-service hotels and resorts and the flagship brand of American multinational hospitality company Hilton Worldwide.

The original company was founded by Conrad Hilton. As of December 30, 2019, 584 Hilton Hotels & Resorts properties with 216,379 rooms in 94 countries and territories are located across six continents. This includes 61 properties that are owned or leased with 219,264 rooms, 272 that are managed with 119,612 rooms, and 251 that are franchised with 77,451 rooms. In 2020, Fortune magazine ranked Hilton Hotels & Resorts at number one on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction.