hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oxbow, Oregon
Oxbow is an unincorporated community in Baker County, Oregon, United States. Oxbow is along Oregon Route 86 next to the Snake River near the Oxbow Dam on the Oregon-Idaho border, about 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Halfway. Oxbow is just south of the site of the former mining town of Copperfield. Oxbow has a post office with a ZIP code 97840.

There was once a station named Oxbow on a portion of the Oregon Short Line Railroad now inundated by Oxbow Reservoir. It was named for The Oxbow, a U-shaped bend in the Snake River named for the agricultural implement. The present-day community of Oxbow was established in the early 1960s near the former site of Copperfield during the building of the Oxbow Dam by the Idaho Power Company. Oxbow post office was established on May 1, 1965, after moving the office from Homestead six miles to the north. At one time, Oxbow had a school.

Halfway, Oregon
Halfway is a city in Baker County, Oregon,  United States. The city took its name from the location of its post office, on the Alexander Stalker ranch, halfway between Pine and Jim Town. The population was 351 at the 2020 census.

During the dot-com bubble, Halfway agreed to rename itself Half.com for a year as a publicity stunt for the e-commerce company of the same name.
Martingale representation theorem
In probability theory, the martingale representation theorem states that a random variable with finite variance that is measurable with respect to the filtration generated by a Brownian motion can be written in terms of an Itô integral with respect to this Brownian motion.

The theorem only asserts the existence of the representation and does not help to find it explicitly; it is possible in many cases to determine the form of the representation using Malliavin calculus.

Similar theorems also exist for martingales on filtrations induced by jump processes, for example, by Markov chains.

Jump process
A jump process is a type of stochastic process that has discrete movements, called jumps, with random arrival times, rather than continuous movement. It is typically modelled as a simple or compound Poisson process.

In finance, various stochastic models are used to model the price movements of financial instruments; for example the Black–Scholes model for pricing options assumes that the underlying instrument follows a traditional diffusion process, with continuous, random movements at all scales, no matter how small. John Carrington Cox and Stephen Ross: 145–166  proposed that prices actually follow a 'jump process'.

Robert C. Merton extended this approach to a hybrid model known as jump diffusion, which states that the prices have large jumps interspersed with small continuous movements.
Angelo (opera)
Angelo (Анджело in Cyrillic; Andželo in transliteration) is an opera in four acts by César Cui, composed during 1871–1875, with a libretto by Viktor Burenin based on Victor Hugo's 1835 prose play, Angelo, Tyrant of Padua.  This same play formed the basis of Saverio Mercadante's Il giuramento of 1837, Amilcare Ponchielli's La Gioconda, which premiered in the same year as Cui's opera (1876), and Alfred Bruneau's Angelo, tyran de Padoue of 1928.

Saverio Mercadante
Giuseppe Saverio Raffaele Mercadante (baptised 17 September 1795 – 17 December 1870) was an Italian composer, particularly of operas. While Mercadante may not have retained the international celebrity of Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti or Gioachino Rossini beyond his own lifetime, he composed as prolifically as any of them, and his development of operatic structures, melodic styles and orchestration contributed significantly to the foundations upon which Giuseppe Verdi built his dramatic technique.
USS Ault
USS Ault (DD-698) was an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer in the United States Navy. She was named for Commander William B. Ault, air group commander aboard Lexington. Commander Ault was declared missing in action on 8 May 1942 after leading an air attack in the Battle of the Coral Sea and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his action in the battle.

Built by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey Ault was laid down 15 November 1943, launched 26 March 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Margaret Ault, Commander Ault's widow. Ault was commissioned 31 May 1944, Commander Joseph C. Wylie in command.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party
The Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spanish: Vanguardia Comunista del Partido Obrero Revolucionario, VCPOR) was a small Trotskyist political party in Bolivia.

The Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party was established in 1977 by a dissident group which broke away from the Revolutionary Workers' Party in 1975. Led by workers' leader Filemón Escóbar and Víctor Sossa.

In 1978 the VCPOR took part in an electoral coalition Revolutionary Left Front backing Casiano Amurrio Rocha.

The Communist Vanguard of the Revolutionary Workers' Party divided into three groups in 1978, two sections breaking away to form the Workers' Vanguard Party and the Workers' Socialist Organization.

In 1979 the VCPOR allied with the Socialist Party-One and its candidate Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz.
In 1980 the VCPOR allied with the Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left and its candidate Juan Lechín Oquendo.

Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz
Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz (13 March 1931 – 17 July 1980) was a noted writer, dramatist, journalist, social commentator, university professor, and socialist political leader from Bolivia. In 1964 Marcelo won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for his novel Los Deshabitados.
Watches of the night
The watches of the night, or night watches, refers to the ancient practice of dividing the night into periods for the goal of keeping watch. Lasting from sunset to sunrise, guards relieved each other at each of these periods. The Hebrew and Babylonian watches of the night were divided into three military watches; the first (evening), middle (midnight) and morning watch. As Christianity began, the number of watches increased to four watches due to the influence of the ancient Greeks and Roman Empire, who used four watches throughout the night.

The phrase "watches of the night" occurs several places in the Old Testament, the New Testament, Rabbinic literature and English literature (Old English, Restoration, Romantic and Victorian literature). The existence of watches of the night in the New Testament conveyed spiritual significance. The phrase is also found in the Dhammapada, a collection of sayings by the Buddha, and as well as in some Hindu texts.

Vigil
A vigil is a period of purposeful sleeplessness, an occasion for devotional watching, or an observance.

The word derives from the Latin vigilia meaning "wakefulness" (Greek: pannychis, παννυχίς or agrypnia ἀγρυπνία), and the Italian word vigilia has become generalized in this sense and means "eve" (as in "on the eve of the war").
Guillermo Altadill
Guillermo Altadill (born 15 June 1962 in Barcelona) is a Spanish yachtsman. His sailing career includes participation in the Barcelona World Race, 18 Atlantic crossings, six circumnavigations, and over 300,000 competitive miles. He has competed in two Volvo Ocean Races (2001–02 with Assa Abloy and 2005–06 with Ericsson) and two Whitbread Round the World Races. He was also a crew member aboard the maxi-catamaran Cheyenne when it set the Jules Verne record for the fastest circumnavigation with crew.

Altadill specializes in big ocean boats but has also achieved success in smaller classes like Laser dinghies and Olympic classes. He was the Spanish champion in Soling and Tornado and trained the Tornado Gold medalist at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

Jules Verne Trophy
The Jules Verne Trophy is a prize for the fastest circumnavigation of the world by any type of yacht with no restrictions on the size of the crew provided the vessel has registered with the organization and paid an entry fee. A vessel holding the Jules Verne trophy will not necessarily hold the absolute round the world record. The trophy was first awarded to the first yacht which sailed around the world in less than 80 days. The name of the award is a reference to the Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days in which Phileas Fogg traverses the planet (albeit by railroad and steamboat) in 80 days. The current holder is Sodebo Ultim 3 skippered by Thomas Coville in 40 days 10 hours 45 minutes 50 seconds in 2026.
1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition at the 1999 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 22–23 at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Kurt Grote of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, both lengths being in breaststroke.

Breaststroke
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum comfortably at slow speeds. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the freestyle (front crawl) first. However, at the competitive level, swimming breaststroke at speed requires endurance and strength comparable to other strokes. Some people refer to breaststroke as the "frog" stroke because the arms and legs move somewhat like a frog swimming in the water. The stroke itself is the slowest of any competitive strokes and is thought to be the oldest of all swimming strokes.
Vojen
Vojen was the third of the seven Bohemian mythical princes between the (also mythical) founder of the Přemyslid dynasty Přemysl the Ploughman and the first historical prince Bořivoj. The names of the princes were first recorded in Cosmas chronicle and then transmitted into the most of historical books of the 19th century including František Palacký's The History of the Czech Nation in Bohemia and Moravia.

One theory about the number of the princes is propped on the frescoes on the walls of the Rotunda in Znojmo, Moravia but Anežka Merhautová claimed that the frescoes depict all the members of the Přemyslid dynasty including the Moravian junior princes.

Znojmo
Znojmo (Czech pronunciation: [ˈznojmo] ⓘ; German: Znaim) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants. Znojmo is the historical and cultural centre of southwestern Moravia and the second most populated town in the South Moravian Region. The town with its surroundings is known for its production of cucumbers, the tradition of which began in 1571. The historic centre of Znojmo is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Swift River
Swift River is the name of a Yukon town and several rivers:

Canada

Swift River (Cottonwood River), British Columbia

Swift River (Teslin Lake), British Columbia

Jamaica

Swift River (Jamaica)

New Zealand

Swift River, New Zealand

United Kingdom

River Swift, a tributary of the River Avon (Warwickshire)

United States

Swift River (Alaska)

Swift River (Bearcamp River), a tributary of the Bearcamp River, New Hampshire

Swift River (Maine), a tributary of the Androscoggin River

Swift River (Minnesota)

Swift River (Saco River), a tributary of the Saco River, New Hampshire

Swift River (Ware River), a tributary of the Ware River, Massachusetts

Swift River (Westfield River), a tributary of the Westfield River, Massachusetts

Swift River (Maine)
The Swift River is a 26.7-mile-long (43.0 km) river in western Maine. It is a tributary of the Androscoggin River, which flows to the Kennebec River near its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.

The Swift River rises in Franklin County at the outlet of Swift River Pond, a small water body southeast of the Rangeley Lakes. The river flows south into Oxford County through the towns of Byron, Roxbury, and Mexico, ending at the Androscoggin River at the town boundary between Mexico and Rumford, and flowing through the downtown of the combined urban area formed by the two towns.
Norwich 12
52°37′44.4936″N 1°17′32.59″E﻿ / ﻿52.629026000°N 1.2923861°E﻿ / 52.629026000; 1.2923861

Norwich 12 was an initiative by the Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust (HERT) to develop 12 of Norwich's most iconic buildings into an integrated family of heritage attractions to act as an international showcase of English urban and cultural development over the last 1,000 years.

Norwich HERT initially secured £1 million from HM Treasury's 'Invest to Save' budget to run the program.

The 12 buildings are a collection of architectural styles that span across the Norman, medieval, Georgian, Victorian, and modern eras.

The program was launched in the summer of 2008.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Kévin Dupuis
Kévin Dupuis (born 14 January 1987) is a French former professional footballer who played as a striker. He is a former French youth international, having earned a solitary cap for the under-17 team.

Dupuis began his professional career at Toulouse, and made his professional debut with the club in the 2007–08 season. He struggled to make an impact within the team primarily due to injuries and was, subsequently, loaned out to Championnat National club Rodez for the 2008–09 season. After a successful campaign, Dupuis returned to Toulouse and was given an opportunity to play with the first team. He scored his first career goal for the club in the 2009–10 season, but was unable to bypass the prolific goalscorer André-Pierre Gignac. In June 2010, Dupuis joined Châteauroux on a two-year contract. He joined KV Kortrijk in 2012, and subsequently played for Lausanne-Sport, Orléans and US Créteil.

France national youth football team
The France national youth football team are the national under-21, under-20, under-19, under-18, under-17 and under-16 football teams of France and are controlled by the French Football Federation. The youth teams of France participate in tournaments sanctioned by both FIFA and UEFA and also participates in world, regional, and local international tournaments.
Giro-Live Ballers Osnabrück
GiroLive-Ballers Osnabrück was a basketball club based in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany. The team played in Germany's second division Pro A until March 2011, when the club's licence was detracted by the league. Their home games were played at KiKxxlarena.

ProA
The ProA is the second-tier league of professional club basketball in Germany. The league comprises 16 teams. Officially the ProA is part of the 2. Basketball Bundesliga, which consists of the two hierarchical leagues ProA and ProB. Before the 2007–08 season, the 2. Basketball Bundesliga was a basketball league with the same name, which consisted of two geographical divisions. At the end of the league stage, the top two teams qualify for the Basketball Bundesliga, and the teams positioned 15th and 16th are relegated to the lower league, ProB.
Łódź Voivodeship Sejmik
The Łódź Voivodeship Sejmik (Polish: Sejmik Województwa Łódzkiego) is the regional legislature of the voivodeship of Łódź, Poland. It is a unicameral body consists of thirty-three councillors elected in free elections for a five-year term. The current chairperson of the assembly is Małgorzata Grabarczyk.

The assembly elects the executive board that acts as the collective executive for the regional government, headed by the province's marshal. The current executive board is a coalition government between Civic Coalition, Third Way and The Left, headed by Marshal Joanna Skrzydlewska

The Regional Assembly meets in the Marshal's Office in Łódź City.

Voivodeship executive board
The voivodeship executive board (Polish: Zarząd województwa) is the regional executive body of a province in Poland. An executive board consists of five members elected by provincial assemblies and chaired by a marshal.
Satsuma kiriko
Satsuma kiriko (薩摩切子) is a style of cut glass, now a traditional Japanese craft. It was manufactured by the Satsuma clan from the final years of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period (1868–1912).

Shimazu clan
The Shimazu clan (島津氏, Shimazu-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕiꜜ.ma.(d)zɯ, ɕi.ma.(d)zɯꜜ.ɕi]) were the daimyō of the Satsuma han, which spread over Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga provinces in Japan.

The Shimazu were identified as one of the tozama or outsider daimyō families in contrast with the fudai or insider clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan.
István Somló
István Somló (1902–1971) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. In 1947 he was appointed as a co-manager of the Comedy Theatre of Budapest along with Klári Tolnay. Of Jewish heritage, he was unable to work during the Second World War due to the Anti-Jewish laws.

Comedy Theatre of Budapest
The Comedy Theatre of Budapest (Hungarian: Vígszínház) is a theatre in Budapest. Starting in the late 19th century as an opposition to the conservative National Theatre, it became a pioneer institution of Hungarian drama, and one of the oldest theatres of the city still in operation.
Kim Jardine
Kim Jardine (born April 12, 1966) is an educator, entrepreneur and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. She represented Miramichi Centre in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2003 as a Progressive Conservative member.

She was born in Saint John, New Brunswick and was educated at the University of New Brunswick. Jardine served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of Environment and Minister of Environment and Local Government. She was defeated in a bid for reelection in 2003. In 2007, Jardine married Jeannot Volpé, another former member of Lord's cabinet.

Department of Environment (New Brunswick)
The Department of Environment was the Government of New Brunswick ministry charged with planning land use, zoning development and waste management as well as the enforcement of environmental legislation and regulations.

It was created in its current form on February 14, 2006 when it was separated from the Department of Environment and Local Government.  It has however existed in this form on previous occasions.

It was first formed by Premier Richard Hatfield when he took office following the 1970 election.  In 2000, then Premier Bernard Lord fused it with the Department of Municipalities to create the aforementioned Department of Environment and Local Government only to split them back in two six years later.
Karrakup, Western Australia
Karrakup is a locality southeast of Perth, Western Australia, within the Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale. The name derives from the Noongar name for the red-tailed black cockatoo and was adopted as a suburb name in 1997.

Karrakup extends east from the town of Byford, along the ridge hill shelf and up over the Darling Scarp. It is bounded by Albany Highway to the east (bounding Jarrahglen), South Western Highway to the west and Jarrahdale Road to the south. Karrakup is nearby the pioneering regions of Cardup and Whitby.

This area has recently been subject to extensive rezoning and development, and community concern exists that this snapshot of Australian cultural history may soon be destroyed. The area contains state forest and tributaries from the Wungong and Serpentine catchments, supplying water to valuable bushland including the Brickwood Reserve.

South Western Highway
South Western Highway is a highway in the South West region of Western Australia connecting Perth's southeast with Walpole. It is a part of the Highway 1 network for most of its length. It is about 406 kilometres (252 mi) long.
Luka Potočar
Luka Potočar is a Slovenian rock climber who specializes in competition climbing. He participated at the 2021 IFSC Climbing World Championships, winning the silver medal in the lead event.

Potočar competed for Slovenia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

2021 IFSC Climbing World Championships
The 2021 IFSC Climbing World Championships was the 17th edition of the competition climbing event. It was held in Moscow, Russia from 16 to 21 September 2021, alongside the 2021 IFSC Paraclimbing World Championships.

Although the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) had banned Russia from hosting or bidding for a world championship event in any sport until December 2022 due to several doping violations, the IFSC announced in February 2021 that the event would remain in Russia, echoing the Court of Arbitration for Sport's ruling that events had to be reassigned "unless it is legally or practically impossible to do so."

Two venues were used during the championships: the Irina Viner-Usmanova Gymnastics Palace and the CSKA Universal Sports Hall.
Kahoku, Kumamoto
Kahoku (鹿北町, Kahoku-machi) was a town located in Kamoto District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,065 and the density of 58.78 persons per km2. The total area was 86.17 km2.

On January 15, 2005, Kahoku, along with the towns of Kamoto, Kaō and Kikuka (all from Kamoto District), was merged into the expanded city of Yamaga and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Jacques Cabero
Santiago Cavero, known as Jacques Cabero (Labastide-Saint-Pierre 13 May 1947 –  Villelongue-dels-Monts, 15 March 2017), was a French rugby league player who played as hooker or prop. He played in his career first for XIII Catalan with which he won the double French Cup/Championship in 1969, and later, from 1972 for Pia with which he won the Lord Derby Cup in 1975. Cabero was also known by his nickname Le Sanglier des Albères (The Boar from Albères).

His performances in club allowed him to represent France between 1968 and 1972, disputing notably the 1970 Rugby League World Cup.

Villelongue-dels-Monts
Villelongue-dels-Monts (French pronunciation: [vil.lɔ̃ɡ dɛls mɔ̃ts] ⓘ; Catalan: Vilallonga dels Monts) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

The inhabitants are called Villelonguais.