hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossolalia debate
The Glossolalia debate (Norwegian: Tungetaledebatten) was a literary debate on modernist poetry in Norway in the 1950s. The debate started with Arnulf Øverland's nationwide touring with the speech Tungetale fra Parnasset (English: Glossolalia from the Parnassus) in 1953, characterizing modernist literature as babble and nonsense. His talk was published in Arbeiderbladet in 1954, and resulted in a fierce debate. Among the defenders of modernist poetry were Odd Solumsmoen, Olav Dalgard and Paal Brekke, while poet and literary critic André Bjerke joined Øverland's criticism.

The glossolalia debate was discussed in the literary magazine Profil in 1968.

Profil (literary magazine)
Profil was a Norwegian literary magazine which had great influence in the late 1960s and the 1970s. The magazine was founded in 1938 as Filologen, a house organ for the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Oslo. Its name was changed to Profil in 1959. In 1966 the magazine was taken over by a group of radical students. They opposed established literary views, and introduced the modernist literature. The circle of writers that emerged are often referred to as the "Profil Generation".
Surf forecasting
Surf forecasting is the process of using offshore swell data to predict onshore wave conditions. It is used by millions of people across the world, including professionals who put their forecasts online, meteorologists who work for news crews, and surfers all over the world.  It is impossible to make an exact prediction of the surf (shape and size of breaking waves), but by knowing a few factors a good prediction can be made. One needs to have an understanding of how waves are formed, a basic knowledge of bathymetry, and information (such as tides, location, and weather) about the surf spot being forecasted to accurately forecast the surf.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Algeria–Egypt relations
Relations between Egypt and Algeria have been generally friendly throughout their history which dates back to Egypt's strong support for Ahmed Ben Bella's FLN during the Algerian War of Independence. This was later followed by Algeria's support for Egypt during the Six-Day War in 1967 and the October War in 1973. In addition both countries are member states of the Arab League while sharing similar views on major regional issues such as the Palestinian cause and the conflict in Sudan as well as the same vision on reforming the United Nations Security Council. Algeria has an embassy in Cairo, while Egypt has an embassy in Algiers. Both are members of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Palazzo Sozzifanti
The Palazzo Sozzifanti also known as the Palazzo Buontalenti is a Renaissance-style palace located at the intersection of Via del Carmine, Via de' Rossi, Via Abbi Pazienza and Via Sant'Andrea in central Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy. The palace is used in 2019 as a temporary exhibition site by the Cassa di Risparmio di Pistoia and Pescia Foundation.

Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.
Garozzo
Garozzo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benito Garozzo (born 1927), Italian-American bridge player

Enrico Garozzo (born 1989), Italian épée fencer

Daniele Garozzo (born 1992), Italian foil fencer, brother of Enrico

Enrico Garozzo
Enrico Garozzo ([enˈriːko ɡaˈrɔttso]; born 21 June 1989 in Catania, Sicily) is an Italian right-handed épée fencer and 2016 Olympic silver medalist.

Garozzo is an athlete of the Centro Sportivo Carabinieri.
Dana Berliner
Dana Berliner is litigation director at the Institute for Justice, a public interest law firm in Arlington, Virginia. She was co-lead counsel for Susette Kelo in the landmark United States Supreme Court case Kelo v. City of New London.

Scott Bullock
Scott G. Bullock is an American lawyer who has focused on property rights issues such as eminent domain and civil forfeiture. He has been president and chief counsel at the Institute for Justice since 2016, a nonprofit libertarian public interest law firm. He represented Susette Kelo in Kelo v. City of New London, an eminent domain case decided by the Supreme Court in 2005. Bullock was a senior attorney before becoming the president of the institute and litigated many cases on the state and federal level.
Glinyanyy Island
Glinyanyy Island (Russian: Глинянный остров, Ostrovok Glinyanyy) is a small island on the east side of Gizhigin Bay, in the northeastern Sea of Okhotsk. It is cone shaped.

Administratively Glinyanyy Island belongs to the Magadan Oblast of the Russian Federation.

Gizhigin Bay
Gizhigin Bay (Russian: Гижигинская губа, Gizhiginskaya Guba) is a wide bay northwest of Kamchatka, Russia. It is the northwestern arm of Shelikhov Bay in the northeast corner of the Sea of Okhotsk. The settlements of Evensk and Gizhiga are located at the head of the bay.
Webster's Brewery
Webster's Brewery (Samuel Webster & Sons Ltd) was a brewery founded in 1838 by Samuel Webster which operated at the Fountain Head Brewery in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Webster's Green Label, a light mild, and Yorkshire Bitter gained national distribution after the company was taken over by Watney Mann in 1972. Throughout the 1970s it was known for the advertising slogan: "Drives out the northern thirst".

The brewery was closed with the loss of 400 jobs in 1996.  Following its acquisition by Courage Brewery in 1990, Courage moved operations to Berkshire brewery as they bought the brewery to obtain the Budweiser and Holsten pils packaging contracts. After the brewery's closure, Webster's beers were initially brewed at the John Smith's Brewery in Tadcaster before moving to the Thomas Hardy Brewery at Burtonwood in 2004. Silvan Brands have owned the company since 2003 when they acquired it from Scottish & Newcastle.

Elland
Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. It is situated south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. Elland was recorded as Elant in the Domesday Book of 1086. It had a population of 14,554 at the 2001 Census, with the ward being measured at 11,676 in the 2011 Census.
McKain
McKain is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Archie McKain (1911–1985), American baseball player

Devante McKain (born 1994), English footballer

Douglas Mary McKain (1789–1873), New Zealand nurse, midwife and businesswoman

Hal McKain (1906–1970), American baseball player

Jonathan McKain (born 1982), Australian footballer

Hal McKain
Harold Le Roy McKain (July 10, 1906 – January 24, 1970) was an American professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball for five seasons. He played for the Cleveland Indians in 1927 and the Chicago White Sox from 1929 to 1932. After being a pitcher, McKain served as a retail sales manager in Sacramento, California. McKain died on January 24, 1970 of a sudden heart attack at the age of 63. McKain is interred in Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Tom Curry (writer)
Thomas Albert Curry (1900–1976), was a 20th-century American pulp fiction writer who began writing crime and detective stories but went on to become one of the more prolific western writers in the genre.

New York Journal-American
Includes coverage of New York Journal-American and its predecessors New York Journal, The Journal, New York American and New York Evening Journal

The New York Journal-American was a daily newspaper published in New York City from 1937 to 1966. The Journal-American was the product of a merger between two New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst: the New York American (originally the New York Journal, renamed American in 1901), a morning paper, and the New York Evening Journal, an afternoon paper. Both were published by Hearst from 1895 to 1937. The American and Evening Journal merged in 1937.
Callirhytis congregata
Callirhytis congregata, formerly Andricus congregata, the sausage flower gall wasp, is a species of hymenopteran that induces galls on the catkins of coast live oaks, interior live oaks, and canyon live oaks in California in North America. This wasp is considered locally common. William Harris Ashmead described Andricus congregatus as producing a gall like a "rugose, yellowish brown woody swelling, containing numerous cells growing apparently from the extreme tips of very slender twigs of Quercus chrysolepis, the gall appearing to have a long peduncle".

Catkin
A catkin or ament is a slim, cylindrical flower cluster (a spike), with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind-pollinated (anemophilous) but sometimes insect-pollinated (as in Salix). It contains many, usually unisexual flowers, arranged closely along a central stem that is often drooping. Catkins are found in many plant families, including Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Moraceae, and Salicaceae.
Beauchamp Falls (Blue Mountains)
The Beauchamp Falls is a cascade waterfall on the Greaves Creek where it spills into the Grose Valley, located east of the Evans Lookout, approximately 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of Blackheath in the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.

Situated approximately 690 metres (2,260 ft) AHD, the falls spill 10 metres (33 ft) towards the Grose Valley floor. The falls can be accessed via walking the Rodriguez Pass walking track, part of the Grand Canyon Track, one of the heritage-listed Blue Mountains walking tracks.

The falls were named in 1899 in honour of the then Governor of New South Wales, William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp; it was previously known as the Blackheath Falls.

William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp
William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp (20 February 1872 – 14 November 1938), styled Viscount Elmley until 1891, was a British Liberal politician. He was Governor of New South Wales between 1899 and 1901, a member of the Liberal administrations of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith between 1905 and 1915, and leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords between 1924 and 1931. When political enemies threatened to make his homosexuality public, he resigned from office to go into exile. Lord Beauchamp is generally considered to be the model for the character Lord Marchmain in Evelyn Waugh's novel Brideshead Revisited.
Ted Piccard
Ted Piccard (born November 30, 1978, in Albertville) is a French freestyle skier, specializing in ski cross and a former alpine skier.

Piccard competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics for France. He placed 16th in the qualifying round in ski cross, to advance to the knockout stages. In the first round, he failed to finish, and did not advance.

As of March 2013, his best showing at the World Championships is 29th, in 2009.

Piccard made his World Cup debut in January 2005. As of March 2013, he has one World Cup podium finish, winning a bronze in 2009–10 at Alpe d'Huez. His best World Cup overall finish in aerials is 7th, in 2011–12.

He was named after US Senator Ted Kennedy. He is the brother of fellow skiers Franck Piccard, Leila Piccard, Ian Piccard and Jeff Piccard.

2011–12 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
The 2011/12 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the thirty third World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 9 December 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012. This season included five disciplines: moguls, aerials, ski cross, halfpipe and slopestyle.
Border Patrol (1943 film)
Border Patrol is a 1943 Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Clarence E. Mulford and Michael Wilson. The film stars William Boyd, Andy Clyde, Robert Mitchum, Jay Kirby, George Reeves, and Duncan Renaldo. The film was released on April 2, 1943, by United Artists.

Lesley Selander
Lesley Selander (May 26, 1900 – December 5, 1979) was an American film director of Westerns and adventure movies. His career as director, spanning 127 feature films and dozens of TV episodes, lasted from 1936 to 1968. Before that, Selander was assistant director on films such as The Cat and the Fiddle (1934), A Night at the Opera (1935), and Fritz Lang's Fury (1936).

To this day Selander remains one of the most prolific directors of feature Westerns in cinema history, having taken the helm for 107 Westerns between his first directorial feature in 1936 and 1967.  In 1956 he was nominated for the Directors Guild of America award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Television, for his work directing a 1954 episode of Lassie.
Blériot-SPAD S.81
The Blériot-SPAD S.81 (S.81 C.1) was a French fighter aircraft developed in 1923 to a requirement by the French Air Force. It was flown competitively against the Dewoitine D.1 and was selected over that aircraft due to the Dewoitine's more radical design, leading to an order for 80 aircraft. The S.81 was a single-bay biplane of conventional configuration with I-shaped interplane struts and lacking Herbemont's usual swept upper wing. It featured a wooden fuselage of monocoque construction and metal wings skinned in fabric. Production versions differed from the prototypes in having a lengthened fuselage and larger tail fin.

Fin
A fin is a thin appendage or component attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. Fins are also used to increase surface areas for heat transfer purposes, or simply as ornamentation.

Fins first evolved on fish as a means of locomotion. Fish fins are used to generate thrust and control the subsequent motion. Fish and other aquatic animals, such as cetaceans, actively propel and steer themselves with pectoral and tail fins. As they swim, they use other fins, such as dorsal and anal fins, to achieve stability and refine their maneuvering.

The fins on the tails of cetaceans, ichthyosaurs, metriorhynchids, mosasaurs and plesiosaurs are called flukes.
Tufveson House
The Tufveson House is a Queen Anne style house in Minot, North Dakota, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The house was built in 1900. The builder of the home was Nils Tufveson, an immigrant from Sweden.
Nils Tufveson was born  at  Eslöv in Skåne, Sweden. He was married to  Kersti Olsdotter Tufveson who was born at Simrishamn in  Skåne, Sweden. Tufveson was one of the early settlers of the Souris River Valley, arriving in the area by 1884.

Eslöv
Eslöv (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈěːslœv];) is a town and the seat of Eslöv Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 19,598 inhabitants as of 2018.

Eslöv is part of the Öresund Region, and the Malmö Metropolitan Area.
Coala (software)
coala is a free and open-source language independent analysis toolkit, written in Python. The primary goal of coala is to make it easier for developers to create rules which a project's code should conform to. coala emphasizes on reusability and pluggability of analysis routines, and the principle of don't repeat yourself (DRY).

On 6 May, it was featured on SDTimes.com as GitHub Project of the Week. coala was also featured in the hackerpublicradio. On 9 May 2016, an article was published on Medium by Gitter regarding its community.

Medium (website)
Medium is an American online publishing platform for written content such as articles and blogs, developed by Evan Williams and launched in August 2012. It is owned by A Medium Corporation. The platform is an example of social journalism, having a hybrid collection of amateur and professional people and publications, or exclusive blogs or publishers on Medium, and is regularly regarded as a blog host.

Williams, who previously co-founded Blogger and Twitter, initially developed Medium as a means to publish writings and documents longer than Twitter's then 140-character maximum.

In March 2021, Medium announced a change in its publishing strategy and business model, reducing its own publications and increasing support of independent writers.
Jesse Shapiro
Jesse M. Shapiro is an American economist who has served as the George Gund Professor of Economics and Business Administration at Harvard University since 2022. He was previously the George S. and Nancy B. Parker Professor of Economics at Brown University from 2015 to 2019, and the Eastman Professor of Political Economy at Brown from 2019 to 2021. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2021.

Journal of Political Economy
The Journal of Political Economy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. Established by James Laurence Laughlin in 1892, it covers both theoretical and empirical economics. In the past, the journal published quarterly from its introduction through 1905, ten issues per volume from 1906 through 1921, and bimonthly from 1922 through 2019. The editor-in-chief is Esteban Rossi-Hansberg (University of Chicago).

It is considered one of the top five journals in economics.
2019–20 DFB-Pokal Frauen
The 2019–20 DFB-Pokal was the 40th season of the annual German football cup competition. 48 teams participated in the competition, including all teams from the previous year's Frauen-Bundesliga and the 2. Frauen-Bundesliga, excluding second teams. The competition began on 3 August 2019 with the first of six rounds and ended on 4 July 2020 with the final at the RheinEnergieStadion in Cologne, a nominally neutral venue, which has hosted the final since 2010. The DFB-Pokal is considered the second-most important club title in German women's football after the Bundesliga championship. The DFB-Pokal is run by the German Football Association (DFB).

The defending champions were Frauen-Bundesliga side VfL Wolfsburg, after they defeated SC Freiburg 1–0 in the previous final. Wolfsburg once again won the cup, defeating SGS Essen after penalties.

The competition was suspended on 16 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, and resumed in June 2020 with matches behind closed doors.

Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.
FK Landsås
Fotballklubben Landsås is a Norwegian association football club from Harstad.

The club was founded on 4 June 1945, after the end of the German occupation of Norway. For some years, team handball was also practised in the club.

The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of football in Norway.

The team reached the Norwegian Cup most years between 1975 and 1986. They lost to Mjølner in 1972 (first round), 1976 (second round), 1977 (first round), 1980 (second round); lost to Bodø/Glimt in 1975 (second round), 1979 (first round), 1981 (first round), 1986 (first round); and lost to Harstad in 1983 (first round). In the league system, the team was a mainstay in the Third Division throughout the 1990s until being relegated in 2000. Following another one-off Third Division season in 2004, Landsås enjoyed a longer spell from 2006 to 2011.

The women's football team currently plays in the Third Division.

1979 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1979 Norwegian Football Cup was the 74th edition of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The Cup was won by Viking after beating Haugar in the cup final with the score 2–1. This was Viking's third Norwegian Cup title.
Taisetsu
The Taisetsu (大雪) is a special rapid service operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) between Asahikawa and Abashiri in Hokkaido via the Sekihoku Main Line since 15 March 2025. The service was formerly classified as a limited express train from 4 March 2017 until 14 March 2025. The Taisetsu name was also formerly used for express services operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) and later by JR Hokkaido from June 1947 until March 1992.

Sapporo Station
Sapporo Station (札幌駅, Sapporo-eki) is a major railway station in Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. It is served by Hakodate Main Line and other lines of Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), and is also connected to the Subway Sapporo Station.

Sapporo Station is the starting point and terminus for most limited express services operated by JR Hokkaido. It also has the tallest building (JR Tower) in Hokkaido. Sapporo station is developing into a commercial center as large as Ōdōri Park and Susukino.
Cummingston railway station
Cummingston railway station stood on the Burghead and Hopeman Branch of the Highland Railway and once served the small village of Cummingston, formerly Cummingstown, in the Scottish district of Moray (formerly Elginshire).

County of Moray
The County of Moray, (Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh [ˈmɤɾʲəv]) or Morayshire, called Elginshire until 1919, is a historic county in Scotland. The county town was Elgin. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975. Since 1996 most of the historic county's area has been included in the Moray council area. The historic county boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. There is also a Moray lieutenancy area, covering a slightly smaller area than the historic county. The historic county borders Nairnshire to the west, Inverness-shire to the south, and Banffshire to the east, and has a coast onto the Moray Firth to the north.