hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingman springsnail
The Kingman springsnail (Pyrgulopsis conica) is a species of freshwater snail in the family Hydrobiidae, the mud snails. It is endemic to Mohave County, Arizona, in the United States.

It lives in aquatic habitat in the Black Mountains near Kingman, Arizona. It is known from only three springs, where it may be threatened by loss of groundwater. A single drought event could threaten the entire population of the species.

Kingman, Arizona
Kingman is a city in and the county seat of Mohave County, Arizona, United States. It is named after Lewis Kingman, an engineer for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. The population was 32,693 at the 2020 census.
The New Spirit
The New Spirit is a 1942 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and released by the War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry. The cartoon, which stars Donald Duck, was the first film created as part of Walt Disney's World War II propaganda production. It was commissioned by Henry Morgenthau Jr., then Secretary of the Treasury, to encourage American citizens to pay their income tax in support of the war effort. The film was directed by Wilfred Jackson and Ben Sharpsteen, and features Clarence Nash as the voice of Donald, Fred Shields as the radio announcer, and Cliff Edwards singing the theme song.

The New Spirit was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary at the 15th Academy Awards, an honor it shared with 24 other films. The following year, Disney released The Spirit of '43 which had a similar purpose and reused many of the scenes from The New Spirit.

Ben Sharpsteen
Benjamin Sharpsteen (November 4, 1895 – December 20, 1980) was an American film director and producer for Disney. He directed 31 films between 1920 and 1980. Sharpsteen created a museum documenting the history of California's first millionaire, Sam Brannan, and the history of the Upper Napa Valley as well as more on Sharpsteen's life and work at the Sharpsteen Museum located in Calistoga, California. He died in Napa County, California.
Nadira Majumder
Nadira Majumder (born 1 May 1953) is a Bangladeshi writer. She won Bangla Academy Literary Award (2019) and Anannya Literature Award (2019) for her contribution in the field of books about science. She resides in Czech Republic.

Bangla Academy Literary Award
The Bangla Academy Literary Award (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমি সাহিত্য পুরস্কার; Bangla Academy Shahitya Puroshkar) is given by the Bangla Academy of Bangladesh in recognition of creative genius in advancement and overall contribution in the field of Bengali language and literature.

It was introduced in 1960 and recognized six categories: poetry, novels, short stories, essays, children's literature and translation. Beginning in 1985, two more awards were introduced to recognize overall contributions to Bengali language and literature.

At present, the Bangla Academy award is given in three fields:

Poetry, novel, and short story

Research, essay, and science

Translation, drama, and juvenile literature
Playhouse Theatre, Manchester
The Playhouse Theatre, as of 2024 a community arts centre called the Niamos Centre, is a theatre in Hulme, Manchester, England. It is a grade II listed building. Originally built as the Hulme Hippodrome in 1902 with a name swap in 1906, the building has also been known as the Grand Junction Theatre, Junction Picture Theatre, The Playhouse, and the Nia Centre. Between 1955 and 1986 it was used as studios by the BBC and known as the BBC Playhouse.

Hulme
Hulme (/hjuːm/) is an inner city area and electoral ward of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England, immediately south of Manchester city centre. It has a significant industrial heritage.

Historically in Lancashire, the name Hulme is derived from the Old Norse word for a small island, or land surrounded by water or marsh, indicating that it may have been first settled by Norse invaders in the period of the Danelaw.
Emmsjé Gauti
Gauti Þeyr Másson, better known as Emmsjé Gauti (meaning "MC Gauti"; born 17 November 1989 in Akureyri), is an Icelandic rapper and hip hop artist with R&B and pop influences. He started his rapping career in 2002 and was member of Icelandic rap groups 32c and Skábræður before going solo starting 2010 and releasing two albums Bara ég in 2011 and Þeyr in 2013 with "Kinky" as the first single from Þeyr. The music video was produced by Redd Lights.

He has also cooperated with a great number of local artists including Erpur, Dabbi T, Fire in the booth, Gnúsi Yones, IntroBeats, Diddi Fel, Jói Dagur, Úlfur Úlfur, Aron Can, Friðrik Dór, Berndsen, 7berg, Séra Bjössi and others.

Akureyri
Akureyri (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaːkʏrˌeiːrɪ], locally [ˈaːkʰʏrˌeiːrɪ] ⓘ) is a town in northern Iceland, the country's fifth most populous municipality (under the official name of Akureyrarbær [-ˌeiːrarˌpaiːr̥], 'town of Akureyri') and the largest outside the Capital Region. The municipality includes the town's neighbourhood at the head of Eyjafjörður and two farther islands: Hrísey at the mouth of Eyjafjörður and Grímsey off the coast.

Nicknamed the "Capital of North Iceland", Akureyri is an important port and fishing centre. The area where Akureyri is located was settled in the 9th century, but did not receive a municipal charter until 1786. Allied units were based in the town during World War II. Further growth occurred after the war as the Icelandic population increasingly moved to urban areas.

The area has a relatively mild climate because of geographical factors, and the town's ice-free harbour has played a significant role in its history.
Uetendorf railway station
Uetendorf railway station (German: Bahnhof Uetendorf) is a railway station in the municipality of Uetendorf, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Gürbetal line of BLS AG.

Uetendorf
Uetendorf (Highest Alemannic: Üetedorf) is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Uetendorf is close to the city of Thun, and connected to traffic through the A6 motorway and the BLS AG's Thun-Belp-Bern railway line. Due to its favourable geographic situation, it is home to several small to medium-sized industry companies, most notably the "Sarner Cristal" Glass Hut.
Star of Lakshmi
The Star of Lakshmi is a special octagram, a regular compound polygon, represented by Schläfli symbol {8/2} or 2{4}, made from two congruent squares with the same center at 45° angles, and figures in Hinduism, commonly misattributed to Ashtalakshmi (Sanskrit: अष्टलक्ष्मी, Aṣṭalakṣmi, lit. Eightfold Lakshmi), the eight forms, or "kinds of wealth", of the goddess Lakshmi.

In some cases, Lakshmi is also represented by a hexagram star.

Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form {p,q,r, ...}  that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.

The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more than three dimensions and discovered all their convex regular polytopes, including the six that occur in four dimensions.
Manuel Štrlek
Manuel Štrlek (born 1 December 1988) is a Croatian handball player for RK Nexe Našice.

He was named to the All Star Team at the 2010, 2016 and the 2018 EHF European Championships.

With Füchse he won the 2024-25 Handball-Bundesliga, which was the first in club history. The same season he played in the 2024-25 EHF Champions League final, where Füchse lost to league rivals SC Magdeburg.

RK Nexe Našice
Rukometni klub Nexe Našice (English: Nexe Našice Handball Club), commonly referred to as RK Nexe Našice or simply Nexe, is a professional handball club from Našice, Croatia. Currently, RK Nexe competes in the Premijer liga and Croatian Handball Cup as well in the SEHA League and in the EHF European League.
Joyce Aboussie
Joyce Aboussie (born 1957) is the founder and CEO of Aboussie & Associates, a consulting firm in St. Louis, Missouri. She is also the founder and CEO of Telephone Contact Inc., a consulting, research and data management firm.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
William Assheton Eardley-Wilmot
Sir William Assheton Eardley-Wilmot, 3rd Baronet (16 May 1841, London - 12 April 1896) was a British Army officer, most notable for his time as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General in Ireland from 1879 to 1882. His regiment was the Northumberland Fusiliers.

He was the second child and eldest son of Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 2nd Baronet and succeeded him in the baronetcy on his death in 1892. William was educated at Charterhouse School from 1853 to 1859 and then at Balliol College, Oxford. He married Mary Russell, daughter of David Watts Russell, on 12 December 1876. They had five children, including his successor John and the Royal Navy officer Frederick Neville Eardley-Wilmot.

Charterhouse School
Charterhouse is a private school providing boarding facilities for pupils aged 13–18 in Godalming, Surrey, England. Founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 1000 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years. Charterhouse is one of the original nine English public schools reported upon by the Clarendon Commission in 1864 leading to its regulation by the Public Schools Act 1868.

Charterhouse charges full boarders around £48,038.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026), alongside charging day pupils around £37,418.40 (with the exclusion of VAT) per annum (2025/2026) . It educated the British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool and has numerous notable alumni.
Croatan High School
Croatan High School is  a public secondary school in Newport, North Carolina. The high school is part of the Carteret County Public Schools system. It serves the westernmost third of Carteret County, including the towns of Peletier, Cape Carteret, Cedar Point and western half of the island of Bogue Banks, which includes the town of Emerald Isle.

Bogue Banks
Bogue Banks form a 21-mile (34 km) barrier island off the mainland of North Carolina in Carteret County. The island, separated from the mainland by Bogue Sound, runs east to west, with the ocean beaches facing due south. Bogue Banks is the only island on the Carteret County shore that has been developed with housing: numerous communities are located on the island and can be accessed by one of two bridges across Bogue Sound, either from Morehead City to Atlantic Beach, which is the more heavily traveled bridge, or from Cape Carteret to Emerald Isle. The communities of Bogue Banks are the most prominent of the Crystal Coast. NC 58 traverses a majority of the island's length. There are several hotels that dot the island, but most of the land contains private houses, some of which are rented out during the summer, or maritime forest. Stores and other commercial properties are limited to the five main communities.
Friesenheim
Friesenheim can refer to the following places:

Friesenheim (Baden-Württemberg), in Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Friesenheim, Bas-Rhin, in Alsace, France

Ludwigshafen-Friesenheim, one of the two "mother villages" of Ludwigshafen

Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).
Cleethorpes Lifeboat Station
Cleethorpes Lifeboat Station is located on the Central Promenade, in the seaside town of Cleethorpes, which sits on the south bank of the River Humber estuary, in north east Lincolnshire.

An lifeboat was first stationed at Cleethorpes by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1868, operating for just 14 years, before the lifeboat was relocated to Grimsby.

The present station was re-established in 1987, and currently operates a D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat, James and Deanna Adams (D-889), on station since 2024. A new larger B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat is on station for training, and will enter service in Autumn 2025.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Wiccan Rede
The Wiccan Rede /ˈriːd/ is a statement that provides the key moral system in the new religious movement of Wicca and certain other related witchcraft-based faiths. A common form of the Rede is "An ye harm none, do what ye will" which was taken from a longer poem also titled the Wiccan Rede.

The word "rede" derives from Middle English, meaning "advice" or "counsel", and being closely related to the German Rat or Scandinavian råd. "An'" is an archaic Middle English conjunction, meaning "if." "Ye" is an archaic or dialectal form of "you" (nominative plural).

Pierre Louÿs
Pierre-Félix Louÿs (French: [pjɛʁ lu.is]; 10 December 1870 – 4 June 1925) was a Belgian poet and writer, most renowned for lesbian and classical themes in some of his writings. He is known as a writer who sought to "express pagan sensuality with stylistic perfection". He was made first a Chevalier and then an Officer of the Légion d'honneur for his contributions to French literature.
Mihai Stere (footballer, born 1968)
Mihai Stere (born 31 August 1968) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a midfielder. Throughout his career, he played for clubs such as Farul Constanța, Victoria București, Flacăra Moreni, Argeș Pitești, Portul Constanța, ending his playing days at SV Obermarsberg Eresburg in the German fifth division, Landesliga Niederrhein, where he also coached a group of 9–10-year-old children.

After retiring in 1998, he devoted himself to business before returning to football as a coach at Gheorghe Hagi Football Academy.

Landesliga Niederrhein
The Landesliga Niederrhein is the second highest amateur football league in the Lower Rhine region which is part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and since 2012 the sixth tier of the German football league system. It operates in two groups which run parallel below the Oberliga Niederrhein. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the sixth tier of the league system; until the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 the fifth tier.
Paul Gelegotis Bridge
The Paul Gelegotis Bridge, also known as the Stono Bridge, is located in Charleston, South Carolina, United States; it connects James Island and Johns Island on SC 700 (Maybank Highway). This bridge opened in late 2003, on the historically significant site of a series of former Stono Bridges.

James Island (South Carolina)
James Island is an island in South Carolina off the coast of Charleston. The island is separated from Charleston by the Ashley River. About one-half of the island lies within the city limits of Charleston, and the remainder of the island is made up of the Town of James Island and unincorporated areas. The island has a population of approximately 35,000 people. Several Civil War skirmishes took place on the island.
2022 Budapest Grand Prix – Doubles
Mihaela Buzărnescu and Fanny Stollár were the defending champions, but only Stollár chose to defend her title, partnering Tímea Babos. Stollár lost in the semifinals to Katarzyna Piter and Kimberley Zimmermann.

Ekaterine Gorgodze and Oksana Kalashnikova won the title, defeating Piter and Zimmermann in the final, 1–6, 6–4, [10–6].

Mihaela Buzărnescu
Mihaela Buzărnescu (born 4 May 1988) is a Romanian tennis player.
She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 20, achieved on 6 August 2018. Her best doubles ranking of world No. 24, she reached on 22 October 2018. She won one singles title and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

Buzărnescu has a PhD in sports science from the National University of Physical Education and Sport.
Sung Hyun-ah (footballer)
Sung Hyun-ah (Korean: 성현아; born 5 May 1982) is a South Korean women's international footballer who plays as a forward. She is a member of the South Korea women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup. On club level she plays for Daekyo Kangaroos in South Korea.

South Korea women's national football team
The South Korea women's national football team (Korean: 대한민국 여자 축구 국가대표팀, recognised as Korea Republic by FIFA) represents South Korea in international women's football competitions. The South Korean women's team has qualified for four FIFA World Cups in 2003, 2015 (when they reached the round of 16), 2019 and 2023.
Hamilton Richardson
Hamilton Richardson (October 17, 1820 – September 22, 1906) was an American businessman from Janesville, Wisconsin who spent one year (1864) as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and six years (1877–1882) as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Senate from Rock County, Wisconsin.

Janesville, Wisconsin
Janesville is a city in and the county seat of Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 65,615 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 66,428 in 2024, making it the tenth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Janesville–Beloit Metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,461 residents in the 2024 estimate. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.9) (GAPN) is an enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG or 3-PGA) using the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. GAPN is used in a variant of glycolysis that conserves energy as NADPH rather than as ATP. The NADPH and 3-PG can then be used for synthesis. The most familiar variant of glycolysis uses glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphoglycerate kinase to produce ATP. GAPDH is phosphorylating. GAPN is non-phosphorylating.

GAPN was reported first by Rosenberg and Arnon in 1954. It has been found in plants, algae, and bacteria.

Phosphoglycerate kinase
Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) (PGK 1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-BPG) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) producing 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP):

Like all kinases it is a transferase. PGK is a major enzyme used in glycolysis, in the first ATP-generating step of the glycolytic pathway. In gluconeogenesis, the reaction catalyzed by PGK proceeds in the opposite direction, generating ADP and 1,3-BPG.

In humans, two isozymes of PGK have been so far identified, PGK1 and PGK2. The isozymes have 87-88% identical amino acid sequence identity and though they are structurally and functionally similar, they have different localizations: PGK2, encoded by an autosomal gene, is unique to meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, while PGK1, encoded on the X-chromosome, is ubiquitously expressed in all cells.
Rabia Sultan
Rabia Sultan (Turkish pronunciation: [ɾabiˀa suɫtʰan]; Ottoman Turkish: رابعه سلطان, "spring"; died 14 January 1712) was the main consort of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed II and the last Haseki sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1692 to 1695. She was the last woman to held the title and position of Haseki sultan before it was abolished by Sultan Mustafa II.

Edirne Palace
Edirne Palace (Turkish: Edirne Sarayı), or formerly New Imperial Palace (Ottoman Turkish: Saray-ı Cedid-i Amire), is a former palace of the Ottoman sultans in Edirne (then known in English as Adrianople), built during the era when the city was the capital of the empire. Few of the palace buildings have survived until now, though reconstruction works are underway.
Chicago Intellectual Property Alliance
The Chicago Intellectual Property Alliance (CIPA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization committed to promoting Intellectual Property in Chicago. CIPA member law schools include the Chicago-Kent College of Law, Loyola University Chicago School of Law, and Northwestern University School of Law. Founding law firms include Brinks Hofer Gilson & Lione, The Eclipse Group, Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery, K & L Gates, Marshall, Gerstein & Borun, McAndrews, Held & Malloy, McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff, Neal & McDevitt, Pattishall, McAuliffe, Newbury, Hilliard & Geraldson, Welsh & Katz, Ltd. Organizations including Baxter Healthcare, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, and the Intellectual Property Law Association of Chicago (IPLAC) are also CIPA members.

Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery
Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery LLP, (known as Fitch Even), is a premium law firm that specializes in intellectual property (IP) and technology-related law.  The firm originated in Chicago, Illinois in 1859, and now has offices throughout the United States and an international client base.  Most of the firm's attorneys are registered U.S. patent attorneys (i.e., authorized to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in at least one state in the U.S.) and have backgrounds in high technology or the chemical and life sciences.
Sergey Shakaryan
Sergey Slavik Shakaryan (born 9 December, 1974 in Aygestan, Hadrut Province, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast) (Armenian: Սերգեյ Սլավիկի Շաքարյան) was an Artsakhian military Colonel of the Artsakh Defense Army. He was the recipient of the Hero of Artsakh military award and one of the commanders of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. He was killed in Martuni, Nagorno-Karabakh, during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its capital was the city of Stepanakert. The majority of the population were ethnic Armenians.
Matt Bonner
Matthew Robert Bonner (born April 5, 1980), also known as the Red Rocket or Red Mamba, is an American former professional basketball player. Bonner played college basketball for the University of Florida before being selected by the Chicago Bulls with the 45th overall pick in the 2003 NBA draft. During his career Bonner played for the Toronto Raptors and the San Antonio Spurs with whom he won two NBA championships. He is the only player in NBA history to be born in New Hampshire.

2010–11 NBA season
The 2010–11 NBA season was the 65th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 2011 NBA All-Star Game was played on February 20, 2011, at Staples Center in Los Angeles. Chicago's Derrick Rose was named the 2010–11 NBA MVP. The Dallas Mavericks won their first championship by defeating the Miami Heat 4 games to 2.