hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Physician Quality Reporting System
The Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS), formerly known as the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI), is a health care quality improvement incentive program initiated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the United States in 2006.  It is an example of a "pay for performance" program which rewards providers financially for reporting healthcare quality data to CMS. PQRS ended in 2016, beginning with the 2018 payment adjustment. The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) replaced this and other CMS quality programs with a new umbrella program called the Quality Payment Program (QPP), under which clinicians formerly reporting under PQRS would instead report quality data under one of two QPP program tracks: the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) or the Advanced Alternative Payment Model (APMs) track.

Incentive program
An incentive program is a formal scheme used to promote or encourage specific actions or behavior by a specific group of people during a defined period of time. Incentive programs are particularly used in business management to motivate employees and in sales to attract and retain customers. Scientific literature also refers to this concept as pay for performance.
Chehabism
Chehabism (also spelt Shehabism or Shihabism; Arabic: الشِهابية, romanized: ash-Shihābiyya) is a political ideology in Lebanon which follows the principles of former president and army general Fouad Chehab. The ideology later influenced the presidency of Charles Helou and Élias Serkis. The writer Marwan Harb is considered one of the most prominent authors who have written about Chehabism and analyzed it as a modernizing political project.

Islam in Lebanon
Islam  has a long, continuous history in Lebanon. The majority of the Lebanese population in Lebanon is Muslim, although the precise percentage is difficult to ascertain. The Lebanese constitution officially guarantees freedom of religion for government-registered religions, including five denominations of Islam, although a blasphemy law and restrictions on religious groups that "disturb the public order" exist as well. Under the Taif Agreement, Muslims are allocated proportional representation across multiple governmental positions.

The Lebanese Druze community are sometimes counted as a branch of Islam within Lebanon, though most Druze followers do not consider themselves Muslim and do not follow the Five Pillars of Islam.
Tamupiwa Dimairo
Chaurura Tamupiwa Dimairo (born 22 March 1996) is a footballer who plays as a defender for Bruno's Magpies in the Gibraltar National League, having previously played for Wellington Phoenix and Michigan Bucks.

On 26 August 2015, he made his professional senior debut for Wellington Phoenix FC in the 2015 FFA Cup against Melbourne City.

He has represented New Zealand at under-17 level, playing at the 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup in the United Arab Emirates.

F.C. Magpies
Football Club Magpies, also known as FC Magpies, is a semi-professional football team from Gibraltar. They play in the Gibraltar Football League and the Rock Cup. From 1 June 2025, Calpe City became part of the club, following a merger with Calpe City, with the new club commencing play in the 2026–27 season.
Rocky Ridge (California)
Rocky Ridge is a 2,020 ft (620 m) ridge in the Inner Coast Ranges in western Contra Costa County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Being the second-highest mountain in the county, it is visible from much of the surrounding area. The ridge is a very prominent feature in the geography of the towns of Lafayette, Moraga and Orinda, California.

Moraga, California
Moraga is a town in Contra Costa County, California, United States. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, the town is named in honor of Joaquín Moraga, member of the famed Californio family. As of 2020, Moraga had a total population of 16,870 people. Moraga is the home of Saint Mary's College of California.
The Story-Teller
The Story-Teller was a monthly British pulp fiction magazine from 1907 to 1937. The Story-Teller is notable for having published some of the works of prominent authors, including G. K. Chesterton, William Hope Hodgson, Rudyard Kipling, Katherine Mansfield, Sax Rohmer, Edgar Wallace, H. G. Wells, Oliver Onions, Bernard Capes, Hall Caine, Marjorie Bowen, E. Phillips Oppenheim, Alice and Claude Askew, and Tom Gallon.

William Hope Hodgson
William Hope Hodgson (15 November 1877 – 19 April 1918) was an English author. He produced a large body of work, consisting of essays, short fiction, and novels, spanning several overlapping genres including horror, fantastic fiction, and science fiction. Hodgson used his experiences at sea to lend authentic detail to his short horror stories, many of which are set on the ocean, including his series of linked tales forming the "Sargasso Sea Stories". His novels, such as The House on the Borderland (1908) and The Night Land (1912), feature more cosmic themes, but several of his novels also focus on horrors associated with the sea. Early in his writing career Hodgson dedicated effort to poetry, although few of his poems were published during his lifetime. He also attracted some notice as a photographer and achieved renown as a bodybuilder. He died in World War I at age 40.
Words and Rules
Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language is a 1999 popular linguistics book by Steven Pinker about regular and irregular verbs.

"Words and rules" is a theory that has been predominantly developed by Pinker. It has been popularly contextualized within the so-called "past-tense debate," which was sparked by Rumelhart and McClelland's 1986 connectionist model of the production of regular and irregular verbs. In essence, the Words and Rules theory states that past-tense forms of verbs arise from both declarative memory (as words) and procedural systems (from rules).

David Rumelhart
David Everett Rumelhart (June 12, 1942 – March 13, 2011) was an American psychologist who made many contributions to the formal analysis of human cognition, working primarily within the frameworks of mathematical psychology, symbolic artificial intelligence, and parallel distributed processing. He also admired formal linguistic approaches to cognition, and explored the possibility of formulating a formal grammar to capture the structure of stories.
Tracy Mann
Tracy Mann is an Australian actress and voice artist. She became known for playing deaf biker's moll Georgie Baxter in Prisoner. After appearing in a number of television series, she won an Australian Film Institute award in 1980 for the film Hard Knocks. She has also won awards for her work in the miniseries Sword of Honour and 2005 comedy film Hating Alison Ashley.

Sydney Theatre Company
Sydney Theatre Company (STC) is an Australian theatre company based in Sydney, New South Wales. The company performs in the Wharf Theatre at Dawes Point in The Rocks area of Sydney as well as the Roslyn Packer Theatre (formerly Sydney Theatre) and the Sydney Opera House Drama Theatre.
Centaurea hermannii
Centaurea hermannii, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Centaurea of the family Asteraceae. It is an endemic plant of Turkey and found only in Çatalca Peninsula, and threatened by habitat loss.

Çatalca Peninsula
The Çatalca Peninsula lies in the European section of Turkey (Thrace), extending from the southeast Balkans and separating the Black Sea from the Sea of Marmara on the western side of the strait of Bosphorus.  Approximately two thirds of Istanbul, one of the most populous cities of the world, occupy its eastern part.
Peñasco Blanco
Peñasco Blanco ("White Bluff" in Spanish) is a Chacoan Ancestral Puebloan great house and notable archaeological site located in Chaco Canyon, a canyon in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. The pueblo consists of an arc-shaped room block, part of an oval enclosing a plaza and great kiva, along with two great kivas outside the great house.  The pueblo was built atop the canyon's southern rim to the northwest of the great houses in the main section of the canyon.

The building was constructed in five distinct stages between AD 900 and 1125, during the Pueblo III Period. A cliff painting (the "Supernova Pictograph") nearby may record the sighting of a supernova on July 5, 1054 AD.[α]

Pueblo III period
The Pueblo III period (AD 1150–1350) was the third period, also called the "Great Pueblo period" when Ancestral Puebloans lived in large cliff-dwelling, multi-storied pueblo, or cliff-side talus house communities.  By the end of the period, the ancient people of the Four Corners region migrated south into larger, centralized pueblos in central and southern Arizona and New Mexico.

The Pueblo III period (Pecos Classification) is roughly the same as the "Great Pueblo period" and "Classic Pueblo period" (AD 1100–1300). It is preceded by the Pueblo II period, and is followed by the Pueblo IV period.
Hôtel de Ville, Schiltigheim
The Hôtel de Ville (French pronunciation: [otɛl də vil], City Hall) is a municipal building in Schiltigheim, Bas-Rhin, in northeastern France, standing on Route de Bischwiller. It has been included on the Inventaire général des monuments by the French Ministry of Culture since 2007.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
1997 Masters of Formula 3
The 1997 Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 was the seventh Masters of Formula 3 race held at Circuit Park Zandvoort on 3 August 1997. It was won by Tom Coronel, for TOM'S after he started from fourth place.

Circuit Zandvoort
Circuit Zandvoort (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪrˈkʋi ˈzɑntfoːrt]), known for sponsorship reasons as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort, previously known as Circuit Park Zandvoort until 2017, is a 4.259 km (2.646 mi) motorsport race track located in the dunes north of Zandvoort, the Netherlands, near the North Sea coast line and 35 km (22 mi) west of Amsterdam. It returned to the Formula One calendar in 2021 as the location of the revived Dutch Grand Prix. This partnership with Formula One will end in 2026. The circuit has been named as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort for at least three years since July 2025.
Nemezis: Mysterious Journey III
Nemezis: Mysterious Journey III (Previously called Schizm 3: Nemezis), is an adventure game developed by Detalion Games (Roland Pantola studio, after Detalion S.C's shutdown), published by PlayWay S.A, powered by Unreal Engine 4, and the sequel to Schizm: Mysterious Journey and Schizm II: Chameleon. Unlike the previous games, the plotline is not authored by acclaimed Australian science fiction writer Terry Dowling. The game was released on 8 July 2021 on Steam and GoG.com.

Unreal Engine 4
Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) is the fourth version of Unreal Engine developed by Epic Games. UE4 began development in 2003 and was released in March 2014, with the first game using UE4 launching in April 2014. UE4 introduced support for physically based materials and a new visual programming language called "Blueprints". It was succeeded by Unreal Engine 5.
English cricket team in New Zealand in 1929–30
The England national cricket team toured Ceylon, Australia and New Zealand in the 1929–30 season to play a Test series against the New Zealand national cricket team. This was the first Test series ever played by New Zealand. England began the tour in October 1929 in Ceylon with a single minor match and then in Australia where they played five first-class matches. The New Zealand leg of the tour began in December and, in addition to the Test series, England played each of the main provincial teams: Auckland, Wellington, Canterbury and Otago. England, captained by Harold Gilligan, won the Test series 1–0 with three matches drawn.

At the same time another English team, captained by Freddie Calthorpe, was touring the West Indies, playing the first Test series there. It was the only time one country has played in two Test matches on the same day.

Wellington cricket team
The Wellington Firebirds are one of six New Zealand men's first-class cricket teams that make up New Zealand Cricket.
It is based in Wellington. It competes in the Plunket Shield first class (4-day) competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.

The Wellington Cricket Association was formed in 1875. It is New Zealand's oldest cricket association.
Doccia porcelain
Doccia porcelain, now usually called Richard-Ginori (or Ginori 1735; previously known as the Doccia porcelain manufactory), at Doccia, was one of the most prestigious European porcelain factories. It was founded in 1737 by Marquis Carlo Ginori in a villa he owned in Doccia, now part of Sesto Fiorentino, Florence. The descendants of Carlo Ginori continued to own and manage it until 1896, when it merged with the Richard Ceramic Society of Milan.

"The artistic development of the Doccia Manufactory is particularly complex and [...] a reflection of the different historical and cultural circumstances that unfolded in the history of Tuscany over approximately one hundred and fifty years, from the fall of the last Medici to the years of Florence as the Capital".

Meissen
Meissen (German: Meißen [ˈmaɪsn̩] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Mišno; Latin: Misnia, Misenacode: lat promoted to code: la ) is a town of approximately 30,000 inhabitants, situated about 25 km (16 mi) north‑west of Dresden and 75 km (47 mi) west of Bautzen, on both banks of the River Elbe in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is renowned as the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrechtsburg castle, the Gothic Meissen Cathedral, and the Meissen Church of Our Lady. The town of Meissen, designated as a Große Kreisstadt, serves as the administrative seat of the Meissen district.

In Germany, the name Meissen is the legally registered trademark of the State Porcelain Manufactory (Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH), while Meißen refers specifically to the city and municipality.
John Brown's body
John Brown was executed on Friday, December 2, 1859, for murder, treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, and for having led an unsuccessful and bloody attempt to start a slave insurrection. He was tried and hanged in Charles Town, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia). He was the first person executed for treason in the history of the country.

His body was taken by his widow Mary Brown home to his farm in North Elba, New York, and buried there on December 8, 1859.

John Brown Jr. (abolitionist)
John Brown Jr. (July 25, 1821 – May 3, 1895) was an American farmer and soldier who was the eldest son of the abolitionist John Brown. Although he did not participate in his father's raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, he served as his intelligence agent and liaison. He was the captain of Company K of the 7th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry from 1861 until his resignation in 1862. After his resignation, he raised fruit until his death.
Jan Howard Finder
Jan Howard Finder (March 2, 1939 – February 26, 2013) was an American academic administrator, career counselor, science fiction writer, filker, hostelling tour guide, cosplayer, and fan. He was a guest of honor at the 1993 Worldcon, ConFrancisco. As a personal affectation, he often spelled his name in all lower case letters, jan howard finder. (His last name is pronounced finn-der.)

Career counseling
Career counseling is a type of advice-giving and support provided by career counselors to their clients, to help the clients manage their journey through life, learning and work changes (career). This includes career exploration, making career choices, managing career changes, lifelong career development and dealing with other career-related issues. There is no agreed definition of the role of a career or employment counsellor worldwide, mainly due to conceptual, cultural and linguistic differences.  However, the terminology of 'career counseling' typically denotes a professional intervention which is conducted either one-on-one or in a small group. Career counseling is related to other types of counseling (e.g. marriage or clinical counseling). What unites all types of professional counseling is the role of practitioners, who combine giving advice on their topic of expertise with counseling techniques that support clients in making complex decisions and facing difficult situations.
Andrés Leonardo Achipiz
Andrés Leonardo Achipiz (born July 5, 1994) is a Colombian serial killer and paid assassin. He is known by the alias The Fish (Spanish: Pescadito), referring to his childhood where he sold fish in his neighborhood. He has claimed to have killed between 30 and 35 people in Bogotá, more specifically in Kennedy and Bosa, where he was paid on a scale ranging from $600,000 to $4,000,000 worth of pesos for each murder. He was convicted of 12 murders, but is suspected of several more.

He is incarcerated in La Picota Prison, in southeastern Bogotá.

According to specialists in criminology and psychiatry, Achipiz is a "murderer by vocation" and could not be resocialized. Psychiatrists have diagnosed him as a psychopath.

Bosa, Bogotá
Bosa is the 7th locality of the Capital District of the Colombian capital, Bogotá. Bosa is located in the southwest of Bogotá and is the 8th largest locality and 9th most populated. This district is inhabited by working-class residents.
Chris Gros
Chris Gros, Senior Manager of Poker Operations at Nagaworld in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, won a World Series of Poker bracelet at the 2006 $500 Casino Employees No Limit Hold'em tournament.

Chris' winning hand was a 3 of clubs and a 4 of hearts, when the flop came up 3-3-8, he succeeded in getting his opponent to move all-in. The 2006 Employee Championship was the largest employee only event in WSOP history.

When Chris won, he says that his first thought was, "Oh my God, I don't have to worry about a mortgage payment for a looong time." Upon thinking about it, Gros decided, "it would be silly to put money in the house when I can invest in other things-like poker."

World Series of Poker Casino Employee Championship
The Casino Employees Championship is one of only three closed tournaments awarding WSOP bracelets at the World Series of Poker gathering. While most of the events are open to the general public, participants in the Ladies Championship, Seniors Championship, and the Casino Employees Championship must meet certain eligibility requirements. While these events are closed, the winner of these events is "afforded the same distinction as all gold bracelet tournaments." The WSOP bracelet is considered the most coveted non-monetary prize a poker player can win.
Ashimori Domain
Ashimori Domain (足守藩, Ashimori-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now central Okayama Prefecture. It controlled a small portion of eastern Bitchū Province and was centered around Ashimori jin'ya in what is now Kita-ku, Okayama. It was ruled for most its history by a branch of the Kinoshita clan. It was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Okayama Prefecture. Rangaku scholar Ogata Kōan, who founded Tekijuku academy, the predecessor of Osaka University was from Ashimori Domain.

Mutsu Province
Mutsu Province (陸奥国, Mutsu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in what is now Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture.

Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū (奥州) or Michinoku (陸奥 or 道奥); the Eastern Old Japanese name varied between Mutu and Miti.

The termis often used to refer to

The combined area of Mutsu and the neighbouring Dewa Province is the Tōhoku region, which was also known as Ōu (奥羽) via on'yomi reading (using Chinese pronunciations of the kanji) used for Mutsu and Dewa.
Dražen Vrh, Sveta Ana
Dražen Vrh (pronounced [ˈdɾaːʒɛɱ ˈʋəɾx]) is a dispersed settlement in the Slovene Hills in northeastern Slovenia. The southern part of the settlement belongs to the territory of the Municipality of Sveta Ana. The rest of the settlement belongs to the Municipality of Šentilj

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
2018 Roseanne 300
The 2018 Roseanne 300 was the 5th stock car race of the 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, and the 20th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, March 17, 2018, in Fontana, California, at Auto Club Speedway, a 2 miles (3.2 km) permanent D-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. At race's end, Joey Logano of Team Penske would dominate and win his 29th NASCAR Xfinity Series win of his career and the first of his part-time season. To fill out the podium, Justin Allgaier and Elliott Sadler, both driving for JR Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

Fontana, California
Fontana is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Founded by Azariel Blanchard Miller in 1913, it remained essentially rural until World War II, when entrepreneur Henry J. Kaiser built a large steel mill in the area. It is now a regional hub of the trucking industry, with the east–west Interstate 10 and State Route 210 crossing the city and Interstate 15 passing diagonally through its northwestern quadrant. The city is about 46 miles (74 km) east of Los Angeles.

The United States Census Bureau reported that Fontana's 2020 population was 208,393, making it the second-most-populous city in San Bernardino County and the 20th largest in the state.
Disappearance of Revelle Balmain
Revelle Sabine Balmain (11 July 1972 – c. 5 November 1994) was an Australian model, dancer and escort who mysteriously disappeared from the Sydney suburb of Kingsford in early November 1994. Balmain has never been heard from since.

Escort agency
An escort agency is a company that provides escorts for clients, usually for sexual services. The agency typically arranges a meeting between one of its escorts and the client at the customer's house or hotel room (outcall), or at the escort's residence (incall). Some agencies also provide escorts for longer durations, who may stay with the client or travel along on a holiday or business trip. While the escort agency is paid a fee for this booking and dispatch service, the customer must negotiate any additional fees or arrangements directly with the escort for any other services that are not provided by the agency involved, such as providing sexual services (regardless of the legality of these services).