hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patent opposition proceedings
Patent opposition proceedings are administrative mechanisms within the patent law framework that allow third parties to formally challenge the validity of a pending patent application (pre-grant opposition) or a granted patent (post-grant opposition). These opposition proceedings serve as a crucial check within the patent system, ensuring that patents are granted only for inventions that genuinely meet all legal requirements, thereby maintaining the integrity and quality of the patent landscape.

Patent office
A patent office is a governmental or intergovernmental organization which controls the issue of patents. In other words, "patent offices are government bodies that may grant a patent or reject the patent application based on whether the application fulfils the requirements for patentability."
Volleyball at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's tournament
The women's tournament of volleyball at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru took place from 7 August to 11 August. All games were held at the Callao Sports Center. The defending champions were the United States. The Dominican Republic team took the gold, Columbia took silver, and Argentina came in third place.

United States women's national volleyball team
The United States women's national volleyball team participates in international volleyball competitions and friendly games, and is governed by USA Volleyball. Their last head coach was three-time Olympic gold medalist and retired dominant beach volleyball player Karch Kiraly.

Before 2014, the United States women's national volleyball team had achieved second place six times in major competitions (1967 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 2002 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2011 World Cup, 2012 London Olympic Games) but had never reached the top. In 2014, the team had a breakthrough to capture its first major title by defeating China in the Women's Volleyball World Championship final. The team captured its first Olympic gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Quartz Mountain, Oregon
Quartz Mountain is an unincorporated community in Lake County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It lies in the Fremont–Winema National Forest along Oregon Route 140 between Bly and Lakeview. Quartz Creek, a tributary of Drews Creek, which feeds Goose Lake, flows through the community.

Quartz Mountain is also the name of a ridge crossed by Route 140 at this point, about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Lakeview. The mountain, the community, the creek, Quartz Mountain Pass, and Quartz Valley are named after a ledge of quartz in this ridge. Quartz Mountain Pass is the highest point along Route 140.

In 1930, a post office named Quartz Mountain was established along the highway near the pass. Vera A. Real was its first and only postmaster. The post office closed in 1943, and thereafter the Quartz Mountain mail went instead to Lakeview.

Fremont–Winema National Forest
The Fremont–Winema National Forest is a United States National Forest formed from the 2002 merger of the Fremont and Winema National Forests.  They cover territory in southern Oregon from the crest of the Cascade Range on the west past the city of Lakeview to the east.  The northern end of the forests is bounded by U.S. Route 97 on the west and Oregon Route 31 on the east.  To the south, the state border with California forms the boundary of the forests. Klamath Falls is the only city of significant size in the vicinity. The forests are managed by the United States Forest Service, and the national forest headquarters are located in Lakeview.
Armwrestling Federation of Armenia
The Armwrestling Federation of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի բազկամարտի ֆեդերացիա), is the regulating body of arm wrestling in Armenia, governed by the Armenian Olympic Committee. The headquarters of the federation is located in Yerevan.

Arm wrestling
Arm wrestling (also spelled "armwrestling") is a strength sport in which two participants, facing each other with their bent elbows placed on a flat surface (usually a table) and hands firmly gripped, each attempt to "pin" their opponent's hand by forcing it to the surface.  In popular culture, arm wrestling is commonly interpreted as a display of physical dominance, symbolizing superior strength and toughness between two individuals.
Yantian Express
Yantian Express is a Hapag-Lloyd Hamburg Express-class container ship, delivered in 2002. She was constructed by Hyundai Heavy Industries in Ulsan, South Korea, a measures 320 by 43 m (1,050 by 141 ft), and delivered under the name Berlin Express but soon renamed Shanghai Express.  Her capacity is 7,510 20ft containers and she carries this load at 22.5 knots (41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph).

As of December 2022, other Hamburg Express class ships included Hamburg Express, New York Express, Basle Express, Hong Kong Express, Essen Express, Antwerpen Express, Leverkusen Express, Ludwigshafen Express, and Ulsen Express.

As Shanghai Express, the ship was featured in an episode of Mighty Ships on The Discovery Channel in 2004.

HD Hyundai Heavy Industries
HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (HHI; Korean: 에이치디현대중공업 주식회사; RR: Eichidi Hyeondae Junggongeop Jusik Hoesa) is the world's largest shipbuilding company and a major heavy equipment manufacturer. Its headquarters are in Ulsan, South Korea. It is one of the "Big Three" shipbuilders of South Korea, along with Hanwha and Samsung.
Marine Wing Support Squadron 372
Marine Wing Support Squadron 372 (MWSS 372) is an aviation ground support unit of the United States Marine Corps. Known as the "Diamondbacks", the squadron is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. It falls under the command of Marine Air Control Group 38 and the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and maintains a direct support relationship to Marine Aircraft Group 39.

Marine Aircraft Group 39
Marine Aircraft Group 39 (MAG-39) is a United States Marine Corps aviation unit based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California that is currently composed of four AH-1Z "Viper" Cobra and UH-1Y "Venom" Huey light attack squadrons, two MV-22 Osprey squadrons, an aviation logistics squadron, a Headquarters Squadron, a Marine Wing Support Squadron and the H-1 Fleet Replacement Squadron. The group falls under the command of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (3rd MAW) and the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF)
Colm O'Neill (Midleton Gaelic footballer)
Colm O'Neill (born 20 June 1964) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with Midleton and was also a member of the Cork senior football team. O'Neill usually lined out as a forward.

1981 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1981 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 50th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Kerry entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated by Cork in the Munster final.

On 20 September 1981, Cork won the championship following a 4-9 to 2-7 defeat of Derry in the All-Ireland final. This was their seventh All-Ireland title overall and their first in seven championship seasons.
Heathrow Central bus station
Heathrow Central bus station is a large bus station that serves terminals 2 and 3 of Heathrow Airport, in London, England. It provides urban bus and long-distance coach services to destinations in London and to regional destinations across Britain. It is the UK's busiest bus and coach station with over 1,600 services each day to over 1,000 destinations. An estimated 13% of air passengers using Heathrow Airport use bus and coach services from Heathrow Central bus station.

Central London
Central London is the innermost part of London, in England, spanning the City of London and several boroughs. Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities.

Road distances to London are traditionally measured from a central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square.
Sejm Constituency no. 6
Lublin is a Polish parliamentary constituency in the Lublin Voivodeship.  It elects fifteen members of the Sejm.

The district has the number '6' and is named after the city of Lublin.  It includes the counties of Janów Lubelski, Kraśnik, Łęczna, Lubartów, Lublin, Łuków, Opole Lubelskie, Puławy, Ryki, and Świdnik and the city county of Lublin.

Ryki County
Ryki County (Polish: powiat rycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Ryki, which lies 62 kilometres (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin. The only other town in the county is Dęblin, lying 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Ryki.

The county covers an area of 615.54 square kilometres (237.7 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 59,919, including a population of 16,026 in Dęblin, 9,625 in Ryki, and a rural population of 30,268.
Miltiades (Christian)
Miltiades was a 2nd-century Christian, who wrote three treatises, "against the Greeks", "against the Jews" and an "Apology". He likely started writing before the death of Marcus Aurelius.  Miltiades might have been associated with Montanism, however there is confusion as to if he was a Montanist, this is because In Eusebius' writings, there appears to be confusion over the name "Miltiades" and "Alcibiades", either due to an error from copyists or from Eusebius himself. It is even possible that he might have written against Montanism.

Miltiades is mentioned by Tertullian, Jerome and Eusebius.

Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.
R. Hunter Middleton
Robert Hunter Middleton (May 6, 1898 – August 3, 1985) was an American book designer, painter, and typeface designer. Born in Glasgow, Scotland he came to Chicago in 1908 where he studied at the School of the Art Institute. He joined the design department of the Ludlow Typograph Company in 1923 and served as director of the department of typeface design from 1933–71. In 1944 he began operating a private press, The Cherryburn Press. He died in Chicago.

Newberry Library
The Newberry Library is an independent research library specializing in the humanities, located in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It has been free and open to the public since 1887.
AO Markopoulo
AO Markopoulo (Greek: Αθλητικός Όμιλος Μαρκοπούλου) is a multi-sport club based in Markopoulo Mesogeas, in Attica, with their most successful department being the Woman's volley team which participates in the A1 Ethniki.

A1 Ethniki Women's Volleyball
The Greek Women's Volleyball League is organised by Hellenic Volleyball Federation (Greek:Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Πετοσφαίρισης).
Panathinaikos won the first championship in 1971. During the first decade, Panathinaikos and ZAON Kifissia dominated. Panathinaikos have won 26 championships.
Oleksandr Abramenko
Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Abramenko (Ukrainian: Олександр Володимирович Абраменко; born 4 May 1988) is a Ukrainian Olympic gold medalist freestyle skier, specializing in aerials. He is the 2015–16 Aerials World Cup winner. He competed at the 2006, 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 Winter Olympics, winning the Olympic gold medal in the men's aerials event at Pyeongchang. Abramenko is also 2019 World Championships and 2022 Winter Olympics silver medalist.

Aerial skiing
Aerial skiing or aerials is a freestyle skiing discipline where athletes ski down a slope to launch themselves off a kicker (a vertically inclined ramp) and perform multiple twists and flips before landing on an inclined landing hill. Aerialists are scored on their jumps based on air, form and landing with their score multiplied by the degree of difficulty of the jump they performed.

Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup, FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and the Winter Olympic Games.
Phikuri
Phikuri is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,371 living in 440 individual households.

Bagmati Zone
Bagmati Zone (Nepali: बागमती अञ्चलListenⓘ Bāgmatī Añcal) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restoration of zones to Provinces. Its headquarters are Kathmandu. It was named after the Bagmati River. It was in the Central Development Region of Nepal. The districts are now all part of Bagmati Province. The zone contains the Kathmandu Valley with its conurbation of 4.5 million inhabitants.
Adruitha Lee
Adruitha Lee is a hairstylist. In 2014, she and Robin Mathews won an Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling for their work in the film Dallas Buyers Club. In 2018, she and Deborah La Mia Denaver were nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair for their work in the film I, Tonya, which also earned them a few other nominations.

Hairdresser
A hairdresser is a person whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a person's image. This is achieved using a combination of hair coloring, haircutting, and hair texturing techniques. A hairdresser may also be referred to as a 'barber' or 'hairstylist'.
Wikimedian of the Year
The Wikimedian of the Year is an annual award that honors Wikipedia editors and other contributors to Wikimedia projects to highlight major achievements within the Wikimedia movement, established in August 2011 by Wikipedia's co-founder Jimmy Wales. Wales selects the recipients and honors them at Wikimania, an annual conference of the Wikimedia Foundation—except in 2020, 2021, and 2022 when the recipients were announced at online meetings as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2011 to 2016, the award was named Wikipedian of the Year.

Web conferencing
Web conferencing is used as an umbrella term for various types of online conferencing and collaborative services including webinars (web seminars), webcasts, and web meetings. Sometimes it may be used also in the more narrow sense of the peer-level web meeting context, in an attempt to disambiguate it from the other types known as collaborative sessions.

In general, web conferencing is made possible by Internet technologies, particularly on TCP/IP connections. Services may allow real-time point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers. It offers data streams of text-based messages, voice and video chat to be shared simultaneously, across geographically dispersed locations. Applications for web conferencing include meetings, training events, lectures, or presentations from a web-connected computer to other web-connected computers.
National Highway 43 (Myanmar)
National Highway 43 (NH43) is a major highway of central/northeastern Burma. It starts in Mandalay at the rim of the Mandalay Palace area from National Highway 3 at  21°58′59″N 96°5′3″E﻿ / ﻿21.98306°N 96.08417°E﻿ / 21.98306; 96.08417 and ends in Myitkyina in Kachin State at  25°21′1″N 97°26′8″E﻿ / ﻿25.35028°N 97.43556°E﻿ / 25.35028; 97.43556. The major settlements the road passes through from Mandalay are as follows: Lamaing, Madaya, Tagaung, Bhamo, Myothit, Dawhpumyang, Waingmaw before finally arriving in Myitkyina.

Waingmaw
Waingmaw (Burmese: ဝိုင်းမော်မြို့; Shan: ဝဵင်းမႂ်ႇ; Jinghpaw: Waimaw) is a town in Kachin State. It is directly southeast of Myitkyina. As of 2014 it had a population of 21,969. Waingmaw is a Shan name meaning "new town".
Dennis Muren
Dennis Muren, A.S.C (born November 1, 1946) is an American film visual effects artist and supervisor. He has worked on the films of George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, and James Cameron, among others, and has won nine Oscars in total: eight for Best Visual Effects and a Technical Achievement Academy Award. The Visual Effects Society has called him "a perpetual student, teacher, innovator, and mentor."

He has been identified as "a pioneer in bringing a new wave of visual effects films to the public, opening the doors for screenwriters and directors to tell stories never before possible with a new realism through the use of his skills in cinematic arts and advanced technologies."

According to Spielberg, Muren "set the example at Industrial Light & Magic for visual effects excellence with effects that add strong, appropriate emotion to a shot and fit seamlessly into a movie."

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
Jose Reveyn
Jose Reveyn (born 14 September 1947) is a Belgian long-distance runner who won the Amsterdam Marathon race in 1985 in a time of 2:19:24. He clocked his best marathon time of 2:12:26 at the Amsterdam Marathon of 1982, when he finished 9 seconds behind Cor Vriend.

Amsterdam Marathon
The Amsterdam Marathon, currently branded as TCS Amsterdam Marathon, is an annual marathon (42.195 km) in Amsterdam in the Netherlands since 1975. The road race has a Platinum Label from World Athletics. The race weekend also offers a half marathon race (21.097 km) and an 7.5 km race in the program.

The current men's course record is 2:03:31 (h:m:s) set by Geoffrey Toroitich in 2025 and the current women's course record is 2:16:52 set by Yalemzerf Yehualaw in 2024.

Gerard Nijboer won this marathon four times, more than any other runner, in the 1980s. After him, Wilson Chebet has won three races in the 2010s.

The race celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2025.
Rittersgrün
Rittersgrün is a district of the municipality of Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb in the Erzgebirgskreis in Saxony, Germany. The scattered settlement with around 1600 inhabitants grew up around several hammer mills, which operated on the course of the Pöhlwasser from the 15th to the 19th century and were supplied with ore from numerous surrounding mines. Due to its location on an important Ore Mountain pass, the settlement was repeatedly plundered by passing mercenaries during the Thirty Years' War. After the decline of the hammer mill industry in the middle of the 19th century, the village's economy was dominated by cardboard and sawmills. In 2007, Rittersgrün was incorporated into Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb. Today, Rittersgrün is primarily known as an excursion and winter sports resort. The main attractions include the Saxon Narrow Gauge Railway Museum and a well-developed network of hiking trails.

Hammer mill
A hammer mill, hammer forge or hammer works was a workshop in the pre-industrial era that was typically used to manufacture semi-finished, wrought iron products or, sometimes, finished agricultural or mining tools, or military weapons. The feature that gave its name to these workshops was the water-driven trip hammer, or set of hammers, used in the process. The shaft, or 'helve', of the hammer was pivoted in the middle and the hammer head was lifted by the action of cams set on a rotating camshaft that periodically depressed the end of the shaft. As it rose and fell, the head of the hammer described an arc.  The face of the hammer was made of iron for durability.
4th Reserve Division (People's Republic of China)
4th Reserve Division(Chinese: 预备第4师) was formed in August 1955 in Chengdu Military Region. On February 15 1956, the division moved to Bishan, Sichuan.

As of its activation the division was composed of:

10th Reserve Regiment;

11th Reserve Regiment;

12th Reserve Regiment;

Artillery Regiment;

Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment;

Sergeant Training Regiment.

The division was fully manned and equipped. During its short-lived existence the division was focused on the training of officers and sergeants.

In March 1958 the division was demobilized, moving to Heilongjiang for agricultural missions.

Chengdu Military Region
The Chengdu Military Region was one of seven military districts and is located in the southwest of the People's Republic of China, covering Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and the Xizang/Tibet Autonomous Region. It includes some of the area previously within the Kunming Military Region and has its headquarters in Chengdu. It was probably established in 1955.

The Tibet Military Region was reduced to the status of a district in 1971.

The region was disbanded during the 2015 People's Republic of China military reform and become part of the Western Theater Command.
Silver Lake (Blaine County, Idaho)
Silver Lake is an alpine lake in Blaine County, Idaho, United States, located in the Boulder Mountains in Sawtooth National Recreation Area. While no trails lead to the lake, it is most easily accessed from the end of forest road 174. The lake is located southwest of Silver Peak and southeast of Peak 11,240.

Sawtooth National Recreation Area
The Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA) is a national recreation area in central Idaho, United States that is managed as part of Sawtooth National Forest. The recreation area, established on August 22, 1972, is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, and includes the Sawtooth, Hemingway–Boulders, and Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds wilderness areas. Activities within the 730,864-acre (2,957.70 km2) recreation area include hiking, backpacking, White water rafting, camping, rock climbing, kayaking, mountain biking, fishing, and hunting.

The SNRA headquarters are about seven miles (11 km) north of Ketchum on Highway 75. SNRA also has a ranger station in Stanley, near its northern boundary.