hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reissert reaction
The Reissert reaction is a series of chemical reactions that transforms quinoline to quinaldic acid.  Quinolines will react with acid chlorides and potassium cyanide to give 1-acyl-2-cyano-1,2-dihydroquinolines, also known as Reissert compounds.  Hydrolysis gives the desired quinaldic acid.

The Reissert reaction is also successful with isoquinolines and most pyridines.

Several reviews have been published.

Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.  It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown.  Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its  derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance.
Petar Georgiev (gymnast)
Petar Dimitrov Georgiev (Bulgarian: Петър Георгиев) (29 January 1965 – 8 August 2013) was a Bulgarian gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He died in a car accident in 2013.

Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics
At the 1988 Summer Olympics, two different gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics and rhythmic gymnastics.  The artistic gymnastics events were held at the Olympic Gymnastics Hall in Seoul from September 18 through 25th.  The rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the same venue from September 28 through 30th.

For the first time in Olympic competition, each routine in women's artistic gymnastics events was judged by six judges, with the final score composed of the average of the judges' scores, after the highest and lowest marks were dropped.  Men's routines continued to be judged by four judges, as at previous Olympics.
Tsubo River
The Tsubo River (津保川, Tsubo-gawa) has its source in the northeastern portion of the city of Seki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. From there, it flows through Gifu and into the Nagara River. It is part of the Kiso River system.

Seki, Gifu
Seki (関市, Seki-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 1 January 2019, the city had an estimated population of 89,020 and a population density of 190 persons per km2 in 35,366 households. The total area of the city was 472.33 square kilometres (182.37 sq mi).
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
The West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine (WVSOM) is a public medical school in Lewisburg, West Virginia. Founded in 1974, WVSOM is one of three medical schools in West Virginia and the sole institution that grants the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. WVSOM currently has 778 students, and focuses on primary care and rural medicine.

Primary care
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically, this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates any additional care the patient may require. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician (general practitioner or family physician), a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer (as in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional (as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
John Edgell
Vice-Admiral Sir John Augustine Edgell KBE CB FRS (20 December 1880 - 14 November 1962) was an officer in the Royal Navy and Hydrographer of the Navy from 1932 to 1945. He was noted for his support for innovations such as echo sounding and radio navigation, for the surveying and chart production operations of his department during World War II, and for his advocacy of the science of oceanography

Radio navigation
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio waves to determine a position of an object on the Earth, either the vessel or an obstruction.  Like radiolocation, it is a type of radiodetermination.

The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially

Angular directions, e.g. by bearing, radio phases or interferometry,

Distances, e.g. ranging by measurement of time of flight between one transmitter and multiple receivers or vice versa,

Distance differences by measurement of times of arrival of signals from one transmitter to multiple receivers or vice versa

Partly also velocity, e.g. by means of radio Doppler shift.

Combinations of these measurement principles also are important—e.g., many radars measure range and azimuth of a target.
The Beacon School
The Beacon School (also called Beacon High School) is a college-preparatory public high school in the Hell's Kitchen area of Manhattan in New York City near Times Square and the Theater District.  Beacon's curriculum exceeds the standards set by the New York State Regents, and as a member of the New York Performance Standards Consortium, its students are exempt from taking most Regents exams. Instead, students present performance-based projects at the end of each semester to panels of teachers. In 2019, the school received roughly 6,000 applications for 360 ninth-grade seats, yielding an acceptance rate of approximately 6.2%.

Community service
Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community. In many cases, people doing community service are compensated in other ways, such as getting a lunch for free. In many countries, there are programs to incite people to do community service. In some cases, it is possible to replace a criminal justice sanctions with community service; there may also be school or class requirements. Obtaining certain benefits may be linked to doing some form of community service. For all these reasons, it is distinct from volunteering.
Moss Creek Women's Invitational
The Moss Creek Women's Invitational was a golf tournament in South Carolina on the LPGA Tour from 1976 to 1985. It was played at the Moss Creek Plantation on Hilton Head Island.

When first announced in January 1976, it was titled the "Ladies Masters" and sponsors planned to pattern the event after the Masters Tournament. A little over a month later, the LPGA announced the tournament's name was being changed to the Women's International. This happened after Masters Tournament officials contacted the tournament's sponsor and threatened to go to court unless the word Masters was removed from the tournament title.

Sally Little, an eventual winner of 15 LPGA events (including two majors), won the inaugural Women's International by one shot over Jan Stephenson. Needing to get up and down from a bunker at the final green to force a playoff, she holed out from 75 feet (23 m) for her first win as a professional.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper
A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper also known as The Prince and the Pauper: The Movie (or simply The Prince and the Pauper) is a 2007 American comedy film directed by James Quattrochi and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse. The plot is based on the 1881 novel by Mark Twain, adapted by Amanda Moresco.

Kay Panabaker
Stephanie Kay Panabaker (born May 2, 1990) is an American zookeeper and former actress. She is best known for her work with the Disney Channel, starring in popular productions like Phil of the Future (2004–2006) and Read It and Weep (2006), and her role on the teen drama Summerland (2004–2005).
November 2010 San Francisco general election
The November 2010 San Francisco general elections was held on November 2, 2010, in San Francisco, California. The elections included five seats to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, a runoff election for a seat on the San Francisco County Superior Court, assessor-recorder, public defender, and fifteen San Francisco ballot measures.

Government of San Francisco
The government of the City and County of San Francisco utilizes the "strong mayor" form of mayoral/council government, composed of the Mayor, Board of Supervisors, several elected officers, and numerous other entities. It is the only consolidated city-county in California, and one of only thirteen charter counties of California. The fiscal year 2024–25 city and county budget was approximately $15.9 billion.
The New Life of Paul Sneijder
The New Life of Paul Sneijder (French: La Nouvelle Vie de Paul Sneijder) is a 2016 drama film, directed by Thomas Vincent. It is a co-production of Canada and France.

Based on the novel Le cas Sneijder by Jean-Paul Dubois, the film stars Thierry Lhermitte as Paul Sneijder, a man who is injured in an elevator accident which has also killed his daughter. Suffering an existential crisis which leads him to question the values on which he has based his life, he begins to rebuild his spirit by taking a new job as a dog walker. The film's cast also includes Géraldine Pailhas, Pierre Curzi, Guillaume Cyr and Aliocha Schneider. It was filmed on Nuns' Island, Montreal.

Cyr garnered a Prix Iris nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Static discipline
In a digital circuit or system, static discipline is a guarantee on logical elements that "if inputs meet valid input thresholds, then the system guarantees outputs will meet valid output thresholds", named by Stephen A. Ward and Robert H. Halstead in 1990, but practiced for decades earlier.

The valid output thresholds voltages VOH (output high) and VOL (output low), and valid input thresholds VIH (input high) and VIL (input low), satisfy a robustness principle such that

VOL < VIL < VIH <  VOH

with sufficient noise margins in the inequalities.

Circuit (computer science)
In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digital logic circuits. Circuits are defined by the gates they contain and the values the gates can produce.  For example, the values in a Boolean circuit are Boolean values, and the circuit includes conjunction, disjunction, and negation gates.  The values in an integer circuit are sets of integers and the gates compute set union, set intersection, and set complement, as well as the arithmetic operations addition and multiplication.
Jan Reijnen
Jan Reijnen (3 February 1927 in Kaatsheuvel – 7 April 2020 in Vught) was a Dutch politician of the Catholic People's Party and later the Christian Democratic Appeal. He was mayor of Wervershoof (1964–1969), Oldenzaal (1969–1976) and Heerlen (1976–1986). He was a member of the Senate from 16 May 1972 until 20 September 1977.

Catholic People's Party
The Catholic People's Party (Dutch: Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the interwar Roman Catholic State Party, which was in turn a successor of the General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations. The party was in government throughout its existence. In 1977, a federation of parties including the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) ran together under the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) banner. The three participating parties formally dissolved to form the CDA in 1980.
Khovansky (inhabited locality)
Khovansky (Russian: Хованский; masculine), Khovanskaya (Хованская; feminine), or Khovanskoye (Хованское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Khovansky (rural locality), a khutor in Buyerak-Popovsky Selsoviet of Serafimovichsky District of Volgograd Oblast

Khovanskoye, Moscow Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the suburban settlement of Snegiri, Istrinsky District, Moscow Oblast

Khovanskoye, Tula Oblast, a village in Plastovsky Rural Okrug of Aleksinsky District of Tula Oblast

Khovanskoye Cemetery, a large cemetery in Sosenskoye rural settlement of Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug of Moscow

Aleksinsky District
Aleksinsky District (Russian: Але́ксинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tula Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 982.5 square kilometers (379.3 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the town of Aleksin. Population: 74,326 (2010 Census);  13,350 (2002 Census); 14,727 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Aleksin accounts for 83.1% of the district's total population.
John Brenkus
John Brenkus (July 2, 1971 – May 31, 2025) was an American producer, director and television personality. He was the co-founder and co-CEO of BASE Productions, a production company that specializes in creating reality television programs for channels such as Spike, National Geographic, and ESPN. His company's most popular programs include Fight Science and Sport Science, the latter for which he served as host. 
In 2013, he founded and became the CEO of his own media production company, Brinx.TV, which produced and was a platform for sports and general media coverage, as well as betting. Brenkus featured in or hosted a number of segments for Brinx.TV. He also hosted a podcast, The Brink of Midnight.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Lara van Niekerk
Lara van Niekerk (born 13 May 2003) is a South African competitive swimmer. She is the current African, Commonwealth, and South African record holder in the long course 50-metre breaststroke and the African and South African record holder in the short course 50-metre breaststroke. She won gold medals in the 50-metre breaststroke at the 2018 African Swimming Championships and the 2022 Commonwealth Games as well as a silver medal at the 2022 World Short Course Championships and the bronze medal at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships (long course) in the same event. In the 100-metre breaststroke, she won gold medals at the 2018 African Swimming Championships and the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Diego Fernández de Medrano y Zapata
Diego Fernández de Medrano y Zapata (XVII – VXIII century) Lord and Divisero of the Solar de Regajal, was a nobleman and aristocrat from the House of Medrano in the lordship of Sojuela, La Rioja. His Excellency, a Knight of the Order of Calatrava, rose to prominence as a colonial official and general in New Spain, serving as Governor of the Province of Carrión in the Valley of Atlixco (present-day Puebla, Mexico) from 1693 to 1706.

Logroño
Logroño (UK: /lɒˈɡrɒnjoʊ/ ⓘ log-RON-yoh, US: /ləˈɡroʊnjoʊ, loʊˈ-/ lə-GROHN-yoh, loh-, Spanish: [loˈɣɾoɲo] ⓘ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Castille, Navarre and Aragon during the Middle Ages.

The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products.
Bahçecik, Sur
Bahçecik is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Sur, Diyarbakır Province, southeastern Turkey. Its population is 121 (2022). The village is inhabited by Yazidis and is located ca. 27 kilometres (17 mi) east of Diyarbakır in southeastern Anatolia.

Southeastern Anatolia region
The Southeastern Anatolia region (Turkish: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The most populous city in the region is Gaziantep. Other big cities are Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Mardin and Adıyaman.

It is bordered by the Mediterranean region to the west, the Eastern Anatolia region to the north, Syria (Rojava) to the south, and Iraq (Southern Kurdistan) to the southeast.
Arnold II of Boulogne
Arnold II is a Count of Boulogne identified by Morton and Muntz (page xxxi note 7) as the one slain in battle by Count Enguerrand I of Ponthieu. Frank Barlow (page xliii note 125) prefers to retain the traditional identification of the slain count as Baldwin I of Boulogne. However, he admits that the identification is "uncertain." In any case, the widow (Adelvie?) of Baldwin / Arnold then married Count Enguerrand I.

Frank Barlow (historian)
Frank Barlow (19 April 1911 – 27 June 2009) was an English historian, known particularly for biographies of medieval figures. His subjects included Edward the Confessor, Thomas Becket, and William Rufus.
Jeremiah 30
Jeremiah 30 is the thirtieth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 37 in the Septuagint. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The Jerusalem Bible refers to chapters 30 and 31 as "the Book of Consolation", and Lutheran theologian Ernst Hengstenberg calls these two chapters "the triumphal hymn of Israel’s salvation". For Annesley William Streane, chapters 30-33 form a unit whose "whole tone" speaks of hope, contrasting with earlier passages marked with melanchony and prophecies of punishment. This chapter contains the promises to restoration.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Campaign for Freedom of Information
The Campaign for Freedom of Information is an advocacy group that promotes and defends freedom of information in the UK. It seeks to strengthen the public's rights under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and related laws and opposes attempts to weaken them. It does this through campaigning, the publication of briefings and other reports and research. The Campaign also provides advice to the public and assistance to people challenging unreasonable refusals to disclose information, and runs training courses on freedom of information.

The Campaign is a not-for-profit company, unaffiliated to any political party, (registration number 1781526) governed by a board of non-executive directors. It is funded mainly by grants from charitable foundations, donations and income from training. Maurice Frankel has been its director since 1987.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Mak language
The Mak language (Chinese: 莫语; autonym: ʔai3 maːk8) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. It is spoken mainly in the four townships of Yangfeng (羊/阳风乡, including Dali 大利村 and Xinchang 新场村 dialects), Fangcun (方村), Jialiang (甲良), and Diwo (地莪) in Jialiang District (甲良), Libo County. Mak speakers can also be found in Dushan County. Mak is spoken alongside Ai-Cham and Bouyei. The Mak, also called Mojia (莫家) in Chinese, are officially classified as Bouyei by the Chinese government.

Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be different dialects of the same language.

The Fangcun dialect was first studied by Fang-Kuei Li in 1942, and the Yangfeng dialect was studied in the 1980s by Dabai Ni of the Minzu University of China. Ni also noted that the Mak people only sing Bouyei folk songs, and that about 5,000 Mak people have shifted to the Bouyei language.

Li Fang-Kuei
Li Fang-Kuei (Chinese: 李方桂; pinyin: Lǐ Fāngguì; 20 August 1902 – 21 August 1987) was a Chinese linguist known for his studies of the varieties of Chinese, his reconstructions of Old Chinese and Proto-Tai, and his documentation of Dene languages in North America.