hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Host modulatory therapy
Host modulatory therapy is an emerging treatment concept in the management of periodontitis that aims to reduce tissue destruction and stabilise or even regenerate the periodontium by modifying the host response. Historically treatment of periodontitis has been focused on reducing the bacterial challenge. However the outcomes of the conventional treatment procedures like scaling and root planning (SRP) are not always stable or predictable. Periodontal disease is seen as a balance between (1) a persisting bacterial challenge and the proinflammatory destructive events in the tissue and (2) resolution of inflammation and downregulation of destructive processes. The goal is to maximize treatment response by reducing inflammation and inhibiting destructive processes in the tissues which will result in enhanced periodontal stability after conventional periodontal treatments like SRP.

Host modulatory therapy is a means of treating the host's side of the host-bacteria interaction.

Host–pathogen interaction
The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. Because of this, the definition has been expanded to how known pathogens survive within their host, whether they cause disease or not.

On the molecular and cellular level, microbes can infect the host and divide rapidly, causing disease by being there and causing a homeostatic imbalance in the body, or by secreting toxins which cause symptoms to appear. Viruses can also infect the host with virulent DNA, which can affect normal cell processes (transcription, translation, etc.), protein folding, or evading the immune response.
Crescent Glacier (Mount Adams)
Crescent Glacier is located on the southeast slopes of Mount Adams in the U.S. state of Washington in Gifford Pinchot National Forest. A small subpeak of Mount Adams, named South Butte, rises nearby. Crescent Glacier is close to the Gotchen Glacier which is located just to the east. Crescent Glacier lies in a small south-facing cirque with a steep headwall. The glacier ranges in elevation from 8,400 ft (2,600 m) at the foot of the steep cliff to 7,900 ft (2,400 m) at the moraine. One arm of the glacier extends south down to 7,600 ft (2,300 m). Between 1904 and 2006, Crescent Glacier lost 6 percent of its surface area.

Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).
Kanske en gentleman (1935 film)
Kanske en gentleman (Perhaps a Gentleman) is a Swedish drama film from 1935 directed by Ragnar Arvedson and Tancred Ibsen. The film script was written by Theodor Berthels, Berndt Carlberg (pseudonym Berco), and Ulla Kåge. It was based on George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion.

The play also served as the basis for Anthony Asquith's and Leslie Howard's British film Pygmalion in 1938 and the musical My Fair Lady, which was filmed in the United States by George Cukor in 1964. The two Swedish films Kanske en gentleman (1950) and Fly mej en greve (1959) are also based on the play.

The film had its Swedish premiere on August 24, 1935 at the Astoria cinema in Stockholm.

My Fair Lady
My Fair Lady is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story, based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion and on the 1938 film adaptation of the play, concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phonetician, so that she may pass as a lady. Despite his cynical nature and difficulty understanding women, Higgins grows attached to her.

The musical's 1956 Broadway production was a notable critical and popular success, winning six Tony Awards, including Best Musical. It set a record for the longest run of any musical on Broadway up to that time and was followed by a hit London production. Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews starred in both productions. Many revivals have followed, and the 1964 film version won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Toh EnJoe
Toh EnJoe (Japanese: 円城 塔, Hepburn: Enjō Tō; pen name, also written as En Joe Toh) (born September 15, 1972) is a Japanese author and television writer. Most of his works are literary fiction or speculative fiction.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
Khanate (album)
Khanate is the debut album by Khanate. The album was released in 2001 through Southern Lord Records.

A CDR demo edition titled "tektonikdoom", of which only 20 in yellow vellum were made, was released prior to the release of the actual album. On some copies of the demo, "Pieces of Quiet" was titled "Quiet Time". It was also released on LP with 900 black and 100 transsmoke 220g records being pressed. Julian Cope described this record as an "orchestrated root-canal".

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Šaratice
Šaratice is a municipality and village in Vyškov District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

Šaratice lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Vyškov, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Brno, and 204 km (127 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Hashitoxicosis
Hashitoxicosis, which can be abbreviated "Htx", is a transient hyperthyroidism caused by inflammation associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis disturbing the thyroid follicles, resulting in excess release of thyroid hormone.

Major clinical signs include weight loss (often accompanied by an increased appetite), anxiety, intolerance to heat, fatigue, hair loss, weakness, hyperactivity, irritability, apathy, depression, polyuria, polydipsia, delirium, and sweating. Additionally, patients may present with a variety of symptoms such as palpitations and
arrhythmias (notably atrial fibrillation), shortness of breath (dyspnea), loss of libido, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to osteoporosis.  In the elderly, these classical symptoms may not be present.

Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food items, usually due to hunger. Appealing foods can stimulate appetite even when hunger is absent, although appetite can be greatly reduced by satiety. Appetite exists in all higher life-forms, and serves to regulate adequate energy intake to maintain metabolic needs. It is regulated by a close interplay between the digestive tract, adipose tissue and the brain. Appetite has a relationship with every individual's behavior. Appetitive behaviour also known as approach behaviour, and consummatory behaviour, are the only processes that involve energy intake, whereas all other behaviours affect the release of energy. When stressed, appetite levels may increase and result in an increase of food intake. Decreased desire to eat is termed anorexia, while polyphagia (or "hyperphagia") is increased eating. Dysregulation of appetite contributes to ARFID, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, cachexia, overeating, and binge eating disorder.
Baeda Maryam III
Baeda Maryam III, also known as Bida Maryam, was Emperor of Ethiopia for a few days in April 1826. Baeda Maryam was a figurehead, set on the throne by Dejazmach Haile Maryam, the governor of Semien. Elisabeth-Dorothea Hecht has argued that this Baeda Maryam is the same person as Baeda Maryam II, noting that the information that the earlier Baeda Maryam had died in combat in 1787 is wrong.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".
Berthold Faust
Berthold Faust is a German artist (b. 1935, Hofheim am Taunus), noted especially for his realistic and detailed drawings of nature and animals. To achieve accuracy in the tiniest detail, he uses specimens prepared by museums, photographs, and even microscopes. Formative in his career was the private training he received from Ludwig Meidner, who was associated with the Hofheimer Künstlerkreis, a group of artists associated with Hofheim.

Hofheim, Hesse
Hofheim am Taunus (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːfhaɪm ʔam ˈtaʊnʊs], lit. 'Hofheim on the Taunus'), commonly known as Hofheim, is the administrative centre of Main-Taunus-Kreis district, in the south of the German state of Hesse. Its population in September 2020 was 39,946.
Tracheia
Τραχεῖα/Tracheia, meaning "rugged" in Greek, was used as a toponym for several entities

Ancient fortress on the shore of the Black Sea, sometimes identified with Anacopia (modern New Athos)

Uninhabited island belonging to Diapontia Islands

Cilicia Tracheia, a part of Cilicia

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Helbeck Wood
Helbeck Wood is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Cumbria, England. It is located near the village of Helbeck, 3km east of Warcop. This wooded protected area is on a scarp slope in the Pennines and has exceptional ash-elm wood on limestone.

This protected area includes Flascoe Wood and Yosgill Wood.

Warcop
Warcop is a village and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England, which had a population of 532 at the 2011 census.

It is near the A66 road, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Kirkby Stephen and 5 miles south of Appleby-in-Westmorland.
Kenneth Wong (cricketer)
Kenneth Wong (born 22 May 1973) is a Guyanese former cricketer. He played in 23 first-class and 17 List A matches for Guyana from 1992 to 1998. Wong played West Indies ‘B’ team wicketkeeper and batsman.

He served as vice-president of the Roraima Bikers Club in 2009.

Guyana national cricket team
The Guyana national cricket team is the representative first class cricket team of Guyana. The side does not take part in any international competitions, but rather in inter-regional competitions in the Caribbean, such as the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50), and the best players may be selected for the West Indies team, which plays international cricket and is the only team in the Americas with Test status. Guyana has participated in the South American Cricket Championship for some editions, but were represented by an overage "masters" team. The team competes under the franchise name Guyana Harpy Eagles.

Prominent cricketers who have played for Guyana include Devendra Bishoo, Basil Butcher, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Colin Croft, Roy Fredericks, Lance Gibbs, Roger Harper, Carl Hooper, Leon Johnson, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Veerasammy Permaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.
Kathleen McDonnell
Kathleen Elizabeth McDonnell (born 1947 Chicago) is a Canadian author. She has been writing plays, fiction and non-fiction for both adults and young audiences since the late 1970s, and has also been a freelance broadcaster for CBC Radio.

Born in Chicago, Illinois in 1947, she came to Canada in 1969. McDonnell has been Playwright-in-Residence at Youtheatre in Montreal and at the Lorraine Kimsa Theatre (formerly Young People's Theatre) in Toronto, Ontario. She is a member of the Playwrights Guild of Canada and Writers' Union of Canada.

Playwrights Guild of Canada
Playwrights Guild of Canada (PGC) is a Canadian charity that works to advance the creative rights and interests of professional Canadian playwrights; promote Canadian plays, and foster community of writers. It was founded in 1972.
Hayakawa SF Contest
Hayakawa SF Contest (ハヤカワ・SFコンテスト, Hayakawa Esuefu Kontesuto) is a Japanese literary award conducted by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation. This contest prizes unpublished science fiction works to recruit new writers of the genre.

It began as the Scientific-fiction Contest (空想科学小説コンテスト, Kūsō Kagaku Shōsetsu Kontesuto) for short story/novellete on the Hayakawa's SF Magazine in 1962. It was renamed for the second contest and held 18 times until 1992. Past debutants include Sakyō Komatsu, Ryu Mitsuse, Yasutaka Tsutsui, and Chōhei Kambayashi.

It resumed as a novel/novella contest in 2013, removing the interpunct from the name (ハヤカワSFコンテスト) and the number was reset to one.

Yasutaka Tsutsui
Yasutaka Tsutsui (筒井 康隆, Tsutsui Yasutaka; born September 24, 1934 in Osaka) is a Japanese novelist, science fiction author, and actor. His Yumenokizaka bunkiten won the Tanizaki Prize in 1987. He has also won the 1981 Izumi Kyoka award, the 1989 Kawabata Yasunari award, and the 1992 Nihon SF Taisho Award.
2022–23 UEFA Nations League A
The 2022–23 UEFA Nations League A was the top division of the 2022–23 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the third season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. League A culminated with the Nations League Finals in June 2023 to determine the champions of the competition.

Following their win in 2021, defending champions France were unable to retain their title in the finals after finishing third in their group.

Spain won the final against Croatia, 5–4 on penalties following a 0–0 draw after extra time, for their first UEFA Nations League title.

2021 UEFA Nations League Finals
The 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2020–21 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the second season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The tournament was held in Italy from 6 to 10 October 2021, and was contested by the four group winners of Nations League A. The tournament consisted of two semi-finals, a third place play-off and final to determine the champions of the UEFA Nations League. While originally scheduled for 2 to 6 June 2021, the tournament was pushed back due to the postponement of UEFA Euro 2020 to June and July 2021.

Portugal were the defending champions, having won the inaugural 2019 finals. However, they failed to qualify for the 2021 finals after finishing second in their group behind France.

France won the final 2–1 against Spain for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Nelonen (TV channel)
Nelonen (Finnish for 'Number Four') is a Finnish commercial television channel. It started out as Helsinki's local television channel PTV in 1990 on the HTV cable network (now part of DNA), and changed its name first to PTV4. On June 1, 1997, the channel expanded to national coverage and changed its name to Nelonen, the Finnish name of the number four. Nelonen is mostly owned by Sanoma Corporation, which owns the Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat newspapers. Its largest owner was Aatos Erkko. Much of its programming is imported Australian, American, British, and European programs with Finnish captions. Its main market is the 25-44 demographic.

Aatos Erkko
Aatos Juho Michel Erkko (16 September 1932 – 5 May 2012) was a Finnish newspaper editor, newspaper publisher, and the main owner of the Sanoma Corporation and the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, of which he was also the editor in chief.

He was for many years the wealthiest person in Finland and directly or indirectly controlled 23.29% of the Sanoma Corporation's shares, whose value on 29 July 2009 was more than €453 million.
2018 StarCraft II World Championship Series
The 2018 StarCraft II World Championship Series (WCS) is the 2018 edition of the StarCraft II World Championship Series, the top esports tournament circuit for StarCraft II. Featuring the top eight players from each WCS region, World Championship Series Korea and the World Championship Series Circuit, the Global Finals received greater coverage than most prior events when Finnish professional player Joona "Serral" Sotala became the first non-Korean world champion in the StarCraft series.

StarCraft II
StarCraft II is a real-time strategy video game created by Blizzard Entertainment, first released in 2010. A sequel to the successful StarCraft, released in 1998, it is set in a militaristic far future. The narrative centers on a galactic struggle for dominance among various races.

StarCraft II single-player campaign is split into three installments, each of which focuses on one of the three races: StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty (released in 2010), Heart of the Swarm (2013) and Legacy of the Void (2015). A final campaign pack called StarCraft II: Nova Covert Ops was released in 2016.

StarCraft II multi-player gameplay spawned a separate esports competition that later drew interest from companies other than Blizzard, and attracted attention in South Korea and elsewhere, similar to the original StarCraft esports.

Since 2017, StarCraft II multi-player mode, co-op mode and the first single-player campaign have been free-to-play.
Alfrēds Rubiks
Alfrēds Rubiks (born 24 September 1935), is a Latvian communist politician and a former leader of the Communist Party of Latvia. He was a Member of the European Parliament for Latvia from 2009 until 2014. In the European Parliament he was a member of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left group.

Due to his former allegiance with the Communist Party of Latvia after January 1991, Rubiks is prohibited from running for an electable office in Latvia under Latvian law. His two sons Artūrs Rubiks and Raimonds Rubiks are also politicians and members of the Saeima for Harmony.

Latvians
Latvians (Latvian: latvieši) are a Baltic ethnic group and nation native to Latvia and the immediate geographical region, the Baltics. They are occasionally also referred to as Letts, especially in older bibliography. Latvians share a common Latvian language, culture, history and ancestry.
A. J. Verdelle
A. J. Verdelle (born 1960 in Washington, D.C.), is an American novelist who is published by Algonquin Books and Harper, with essays published by Crown, the Smithsonian, the Whitney Museum, Random House, and University of Georgia Press. Verdelle has forthcoming novels from Random House imprint Spiegel & Grau.

Spiegel & Grau
Spiegel & Grau is an independent publisher based in New York. Led by Celina (Cindy) Spiegel and Julie Grau, Spiegel & Grau publishes upmarket and literary fiction, reported nonfiction, memoir, and prescriptive nonfiction.
Digital biquad filter
In signal processing, a digital biquad filter is a second order recursive linear filter, containing two poles and two zeros, which implements the analog biquad filter topology in the digital domain.  Biquad is an abbreviation of biquadratic, which refers to the fact that in the Z domain, its transfer function is the ratio of two quadratic functions:

The coefficients are often normalized such that a0 = 1:

High-order infinite impulse response filters can be highly sensitive to quantization of their coefficients, and can easily become unstable.  This is much less of a problem with first and second-order filters; therefore, higher-order filters are typically implemented as serially-cascaded biquad sections (and a first-order filter if necessary). The two poles of the biquad filter must be inside the unit circle for it to be stable. In general, this is true for all discrete filters i.e. all poles must be inside the unit circle in the Z-domain for the filter to be stable.

Quantization (signal processing)
In mathematics and digital signal processing, quantization is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements.  Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes.  Quantization is involved to some degree in nearly all digital signal processing, as the process of representing a signal in digital form ordinarily involves rounding.  Quantization also forms the core of essentially all lossy compression algorithms.

The difference between an input value and its quantized value (such as round-off error) is referred to as quantization error, noise or distortion.  A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called a quantizer.  An analog-to-digital converter is an example of a quantizer.