hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deaths in December 1981
The following is a list of notable deaths in December 1981.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Rawhide (TV series)
Rawhide is an American Western television series starring Eric Fleming and Clint Eastwood. The show aired for seven seasons on the CBS network on Friday nights from January 9, 1959, to September 3, 1965, before moving to its eighth and final season on Tuesday nights from September 14, 1965, until December 7, 1965, with a total of 217 black-and-white episodes. The series was produced and sometimes directed by Charles Marquis Warren, who also produced early episodes of Gunsmoke. The show is remembered by many for its theme song, "Rawhide".

Spanning 7+1⁄2 years, Rawhide was the sixth-longest-running American television Western, exceeded only by Wagon Train, The Virginian, Bonanza, Death Valley Days, and Gunsmoke.
Disney Research
Disney Research is a network of research labs supporting The Walt Disney Company. Its purpose is to pursue scientific and technological innovation to advance the company's broad media and entertainment efforts.

It has facilities in Los Angeles, Zurich and Edinburgh. Research topics include computer graphics, video processing, computer vision, robotics, radio and antennas, wireless communications, human-computer interaction, displays, data mining, machine learning, and behavioral sciences. The lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts was closed in January 2016.

Disney Research is managed by an internal Disney Research Council co-chaired by Disney-Pixar's Ed Catmull and including the directors of the individual labs.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
Peter Richards
Peter Charles Richards (born 10 March 1978) is a former English rugby union player. A versatile player, he has played in three positions: scrum half (his preferred role), fly-half and centre. Richards retired in the summer of 2010 because of a back injury. As of May 2015, Richards became head coach at London Scottish.

London Scottish F.C.
London Scottish Football Club is a rugby union club in England. The club is a member of both the Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. The club is currently playing in the 2nd tier of the English rugby union system, Champ Rugby, and share the Athletic Ground with Richmond.
Valen-Sendstad
Valen-Sendstad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fartein Valen-Sendstad (1918–1984), Norwegian historian

Magne Valen-Sendstad (1913–1984), Norwegian priest

Olav Valen-Sendstad (1904–1963), Norwegian theologian

Magne Valen-Sendstad
Magne Livius Valen-Sendstad (13 October 1913 – 1984) was a Norwegian priest.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of Aksel Magnus Sendstad (1872–1922) and Magnhild Erika Valen (1880–1959). He was a nephew of Olav Sendstad and brother of Olav Valen-Sendstad and museum director Fartein Valen-Sendstad. In 1941 he married Jenny Lie.

He finished his secondary education in 1934 and graduated with the cand.theol. degree from the MF Norwegian School of Theology in 1940. He was a bible school teacher and principal in Stavanger and Stjørdal, before being hired as vicar of Lund Church in 1957. He chaired the school board there from 1959 to 1965. In 1965 he became vicar of Randaberg Church, where he was a school board member from 1966 to 1968. From 1968 to 1980 he was the secretary-general of the Norwegian Missionary Society.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned in Åkebergveien from 13 to 17 February 1943.
Asha Puthli
Asha Puthli (born February 4, 1945) is an Indian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress.

Puthli moved to New York from Mumbai with a dance scholarship, a demo tape of Indo-Japanese fusion songs. In 1970, she was signed to CBS Records and subsequently released several solo albums. Praised as a "fusion pioneer" by The New York Times, her recordings cover blues, pop, rock, soul, funk, disco, and techno. She also starred in films by Ismail Merchant, James Ivory, and Bruno Corbucci. In 2025, Puthli was inducted into the Women Songwriters Hall of Fame.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency
Cuttack Sadar is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Cuttack district, Odisha.

This constituency includes Cuttack Sadar block, 3 wards of Cuttack and 14 Gram panchayats (Santapur, Isaniberhampur, Manpur, Janardanpur, Sirlo, Babujanga, Uttarkul, Manijanga, Palada, Mahammadpur, Nemalo, Tilakana, Kalamishri and Bandhupur) Nischintakoili block.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
2023 Dakar Rally
The 2023 Dakar Rally was a rally raid event held in Saudi Arabia and the 45th edition of the Dakar Rally organized by Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO). The event takes place between 31 December 2022 and 15 January 2023. This is the fourth time Saudi Arabia has hosted the event. For the second year running, the event is also the first round of the 2023 World Rally-Raid Championship.

The outline of the race route was presented on 5 June 2022. The route was started at a "Sea Camp" near Yanbu, on the Red Sea shore, and finished in Dammam, at the Persian Gulf shore. The route returned to the Empty Quarter this year with three stages, including the marathon stage. The route featured 70% new tracks, less liaison, and 5,000 kilometres of special stages. The route, details of which were revealed in November, has been described as longer, more difficult and with more dunes.

Rub' al Khali
The Rub' al Khali (/ˈrʊb æl ˈkɑːli/; Arabic: ٱلرُّبْع ٱلْخَالِي, lit. 'Empty Quarter', [ar.rʊbʕ‿al.χaːliː]) is a desert encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula. The desert covers some 650,000 km2 (250,000 sq mi) (the area of long. 44.5°−56.5°E, and lat. 16.5°−23.0°N), including parts of Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. It is part of the larger Arabian Desert.
William C. Trimble
William Cattell Trimble (died June 24, 1996 Brooklandville, Maryland) was an American diplomat who began his career as a vice consul in Seville, Spain in 1931 and finished it in 1968 as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs.  He was the United States Ambassador to Cambodia from 1959 until 1962.,

A Baltimore native, Trimble graduated from the Gilman School in 1926 and Princeton University in 1930.

While working at the embassy in Paris in the era of Kristallnacht, he needed to arrange for as many American tourists to return as possible as well as relocate German Jews who had relocated to France.

Gilman School
Gilman School  is an all-boys independent, day, college preparatory school located in the Roland Park neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. There are three school divisions: Lower School, grades pre-kindergarten through five; Middle School, grades six through eight; and Upper School, grades nine through twelve. Founded in 1897 as the Country School for Boys, it was the first country day school in the US. It is named for Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of Johns Hopkins University and an early supporter of efforts by Anne Galbraith Carey to form an all-boys day school.

Gilman enrolls approximately 1,400 students, ranging from pre-kindergarten to 12th grade, under the instruction of 146 faculty members. It is a member of the Association of Independent Maryland Schools and the Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association.
Dhruba Chand Halder College
Dhruba Chand Halder College is an undergraduate degree college of Dakshin Barasat in Jaynagar Majilpur of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta. The college had been accredited with a B+ grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), under UGC, MHRD, Govt. of India.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Sawbridgeworth Marsh
Sawbridgeworth Marsh is a 6.3-hectare (16-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) near Sawbridgeworth in Hertfordshire, apart from a small area in the north which is in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. The planning authorities are East Hertfordshire District Council and Uttlesford District Council.

The site is a river valley marsh close to the River Stort, which has a varied wetland flora. Grazing and cutting of the marsh in rotation maintain biological diversity. The site also has an important wetland fauna and many moth species. Uncommon plants include marsh willowherb, marsh valerian and marsh arrow-grass, and drainage ditches and two ponds have a rich aquatic life.

The site is always open and there is access from Hallingbury Road.

Uttlesford
Uttlesford is a local government district in Essex, England. Its council is based in the town of Saffron Walden. The district also includes the town of Great Dunmow and numerous villages, including Stansted Mountfitchet, Takeley, Elsenham,  Thaxted, and Newport. The district covers a largely rural area in the north-west of Essex. London Stansted Airport lies within the district.

The neighbouring districts are Braintree, Chelmsford, Epping Forest, East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire and South Cambridgeshire.
Popielina-Towarzystwo
Popielina-Towarzystwo [pɔpjɛˈlina tɔvaˈʐɨstfɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lututów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Lututów, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów
Wieruszów ([vjɛˈruʂuf]) is a town in south-central Poland with 8,446 inhabitants (2020). Situated in the southwestern part of Łódź Voivodeship, it is the seat of the Gmina Wieruszów and Wieruszów County. Wieruszów is located in the historical Wieluń Land. The town is situated along the Prosna river.
Foveolar cell
Foveolar cells or surface mucous cells are mucus-producing cells which cover the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive nature of gastric acid.  These cells line the gastric mucosa and the gastric pits. Mucous neck cells are found in the necks of the gastric glands. The mucus-secreting cells of the stomach can be distinguished histologically from the intestinal goblet cells, another type of mucus-secreting cell.

Lumen (anatomy)
In biology, a lumen (pl.: lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine. It comes from Latin  lumen 'an opening'.

It can refer to:

the interior of a vessel, such as the central space in an artery, vein or capillary through which blood flows

the interior of the gastrointestinal tract

the pathways of the bronchi in the lungs

the interior of renal tubules and urinary collecting ducts

the pathways of the female genital tract, starting with a single pathway of the vagina, splitting up in two lumina in the uterus, both of which continue through the fallopian tubes

the fluid-filled cavity forming in the blastocyst during pre-implantation development called the blastocoel

In cell biology, lumen is a membrane-defined space that is found inside several organelles, cellular components, or structures, including thylakoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, and microtubule.
Comedy Overture
The Eine Lustspielouvertüre (Comedy Overture) Op. 38 (BV 245) for orchestra is a concert overture by Ferruccio Busoni; it was composed in 1897 and revised in 1904.  The main theme appears at once, played by the strings.  The second subject follows on clarinet.  A new section introduces the development.  In recapitulation the second theme is reworked for the cellos and contrabasses over a timpani pedal point.  The work ends with a lively coda.

Overture
Overture (from French ouverture, lit. "opening") is a music instrumental introduction to a ballet, opera, or oratorio in the 17th century. During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the symphonic poem. These were "at first undoubtedly intended to be played at the head of a programme".

The idea of an instrumental opening to opera existed during the 17th century. Peri's Euridice opens with a brief instrumental ritornello, and Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (1607) opens with a toccata, in this case a fanfare for muted trumpets. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between allegorical characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
Smooth morphism
In algebraic geometry, a morphism  between schemes is said to be smooth if

(i) it is locally of finite presentation

(ii) it is flat, and

(iii) for every geometric point  the fiber  is regular.

(iii) means that each geometric fiber of f is a nonsingular variety (if it is separated). Thus, intuitively speaking, a smooth morphism gives a flat family of nonsingular varieties.

If S is the spectrum of an algebraically closed field and f is of finite type, then one recovers the definition of a nonsingular variety.

A singular variety is called smoothable if it can be put in a flat family so that the nearby fibers are all smooth. Such a family is called a smoothning of the variety.

Spectrum of a ring
In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a commutative ring  is the set of all prime ideals of , and is usually denoted by ; in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with a sheaf of rings.
Oli Sihvonen
Oli Sihvonen (January 31, 1921 – April 3, 1991) was a post-World War II American artist known for hard-edge abstract paintings. Sihvonen's style was greatly influenced by Josef Albers who taught him color theory and Bauhaus aesthetics at Black Mountain College in the 1940s. Sihvonen was also influenced by Russian Constructivism, Piet Mondrian, and Pierre Matisse. His work has been linked to Abstract Expressionism, Minimalism, Hard-Edge and Op-Art.

SITE Santa Fe
SITE Santa Fe (often referred to simply as SITE) is a nonprofit contemporary arts organization based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Since its founding in 1995, SITE Santa Fe has presented 11 biennials, more than 90 contemporary art exhibitions, and works by more than 800 artists. Following its presentation of the first international biennial of contemporary art in the U.S, SITE expanded its programming to include ongoing exhibitions of notable artists in solo and group shows, often including new commissions and U.S. debuts. While SITE presents artists from all over the world. Approximately 20% of the exhibited artists are based in New Mexico.

SITE also presents public and educational programs relevant to the themes of each exhibition. This includes conversations with artists and curators, film screenings, performances, concerts, hands-on workshops, and collaborations with Santa Fe Public Schools. SITE partners with local organizations and schools to develop and present its programs.
Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Pteroceltis tatarinowii a species of tree endemic to China and the only extant member of the genus Pteroceltis.  Common names include blue sandalwood, wingceltis, Tatar-wingceltis or qing tan (Chinese: 青檀; pinyin: qīngtán). Trees grow to 20 m (66 ft) tall and are used for timber, the bark fiber to make Xuan paper, and oil is extracted from its seeds. Seeds were collected and brought to America by Frank Meyer and given to the USDA in 1907. One of those seeds grew into a mature tree at the Morris Arboretum outside of Philadelphia, PA.

Morris Arboretum
The Morris Arboretum & Gardens of the University of Pennsylvania (37 ha / 92 acres) is the official arboretum of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The Arboretum is open daily except for major holidays. It is located at 100 East Northwestern Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
2021 Speedway Grand Prix of Russia
The 2021 FIM Speedway Grand Prix of Russia was the eighth round of the 2021 Speedway Grand Prix season (the World Championship of speedway). It took place on 28 August at the Anatoly Stepanov Stadium in Tolyatti, Russia. It was the inaugural Speedway Grand Prix of Russia.

The event was won by Artem Laguta (his 4th career Grand Prix win).

Anatoly Stepanov Stadium
The Anatoly Stepanov Stadium, formerly the Stroitel Stadium, is a 15,000-capacity motorcycle speedway and ice speedway in Tolyatti, Russia. It is the home track of the Russian speedway team called the Mega-Lada Togliatti.
2023 Men's Hockey Junior Africa Cup
The 2023 Junior Africa Cup was an international field hockey competition held from 12 to 16 March 2023 in Ismailia, Egypt.

The tournament served as a direct qualifier for the 2023 Junior World Cup, with the winner and runner-up qualifying.

South Africa won their fifth title after defeating the defending champions and hosts Egypt in the final 4–3 in a shoot-out after the match finished 2–2 in regular time.

Ismailia
Ismailia (Egyptian Arabic: الإسماعيلية el-Ismāʻīlīyah, Egyptian Arabic: [lesmæʕiˈlejjæ]) is a city in north-eastern Egypt. Situated on the west bank of the Suez Canal, it is the capital of the Ismailia Governorate. The city had an estimated population of 450,388 in 2023. It is located approximately halfway between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at that point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes linked by the Canal.
Shalfak
Shalfak (originally Waf-Chastiu, "subduing the foreign lands") is an Ancient Egyptian fortress once built up on the western shore of the Second Cataract of the Nile River on what is now an island in  Lake Nubia in the north of Sudan.

Lake Nasser
Lake Nasser (Arabic: بحيرة ناصر Boħeiret Nāṣer, Egyptian Arabic: [boˈħeiɾet ˈnɑːseɾ]) is a large reservoir in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. It was created by the construction of the Aswan High Dam and is one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. Before its creation, the project faced opposition from Sudan as it would encroach on land in the northern part of the country, where many Nubian people lived who would have to be resettled. In the end Sudan's land near the area of Lake Nasser was mostly flooded by the lake.  The lake has become an important economic resource in Egypt, improving agriculture and touting robust fishing and tourism industries.

Strictly speaking, "Lake Nasser" refers only to the much larger portion of the lake that is in Egyptian territory (83% of the total), with the Sudanese preferring to call their smaller body of water Lake Nubia (Egyptian Arabic: بحيرة النوبية Boħēret Nubeya, [boˈħeːɾet nʊˈbejjæ]).
Helen Brownson
Helen Brownson (May 1, 1917 – August 5, 2017) was a United States federal government employee and a pioneer in the development of the field of information science. She is credited with popularizing the idea of the thesaurus as it applies to information science.: 2055  She founded the journal the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST).

Information science
Information science (abbreviated as infosci) is an academic field that is primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information. Practitioners within and outside the field engage in the study of knowledge application and usage in organizations. Additionally, they examine the interaction between people, organizations, and any existing information systems. The objective of this study is to create, replace, improve, or understand the information systems.
Belustigungen des Verstandes und des Witzes
Belustigungen des Verstandes und des Witzes (German; Amusements of the Mind and of Wit) was an important literary magazine from the circle around Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766). Its editor, Johann Joachim Schwabe (1714–1784), is considered one of the most energetic and versatile publicists of the German Enlightenment, who also emerged as the editor of the most extensive and significant German-language collection of travel accounts of the 18th century (under the title Allgemeine Historie der Reisen zu Wasser und zu Lande).

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
Escondido Valley AVA
Escondido Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Pecos County of the Trans-Pecos region in  western Texas. The area was established as the nation's 141st and Texas' fifth AVA on May 19, 1992, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by from Mr. Leonard Garcia of Cordier Estates, Inc., proposing a viticultural area in Pecos County to be named "Escondido Valley." The diminutive viticultural area encompasses approximately 32,000 acres (50 sq mi) and contained one commercial winery operated by the petitioner cultivating about 250 acres (100 ha) under vine. The hardiness zone is 8b. In 2022, the AVA's sole winery filed bankruptcy and eventually liquidated operations auditioning off all its equipment. Its vineyards were abandoned after 35 years yielding quality fruit.

Pecos County, Texas
Pecos County (/ˈpeɪkəs/ PAY-kəs) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 15,193. The county seat is Fort Stockton. The county was created in 1871 and organized in 1875. It is named for the Pecos River. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.