hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maryland Route 445
Maryland Route 445 (MD 445) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs 11.96 miles (19.25 km) from Eastern Neck Island in the southwest corner of Kent County north to MD 21 near Tolchester Beach. MD 445 connects Tolchester Beach and Eastern Neck Island with Rock Hall, where the highway intersects MD 20. The first piece of MD 445 was constructed as part of MD 20 around 1920. The remainder of the highway was built around 1930. MD 445 was reconstructed in the mid-1960s and early to mid-1970s.

Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge
Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge, a part of the Chesapeake Marshlands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, is a 2,286-acre (9.25 km2) island located at the confluence of the Chester River and the Chesapeake Bay. Established in 1962 as a sanctuary for migratory birds, Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge provides natural habitat for over 240 bird species — including bald eagles and transitory peregrine falcons — and is a major staging site for tundra swans.

The refuge comprises the entirety of Eastern Neck Island, projecting into a bend of the Chester River. The island was one of the first settled places in Maryland, where Major Joseph Wickes was granted 800 acres (3.2 km2) in 1650 and built the now-vanished "Wickliffe" mansion.
Nubl
Nubl (Arabic: نبل, also spelled Nubbul or Nubbol) is a small city in northern Syria, administratively part of the Aleppo Governorate, located northwest of Aleppo. Nearby localities include al-Zahraa immediately to the south, Anadan to the southeast, Tel Rifaat to the northeast, Aqiba to the north, Barad to the west, and Mayer immediately to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nubl had a population of 21,039 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims and together with nearby al-Zahraa, Nubl forms a small Shia-inhabited pocket in a mostly Sunni Muslim area in the Aleppo Governorate.

Anadan
Anadan (Arabic: عندان) is a city in Syria, 12 kilometers north of Aleppo, located on the Aleppo–Gaziantep international road. It is in the Mount Simeon District of the Aleppo Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Anadan had a population of 11,918 in the 2004 census.

The town is known for its agriculture produce, such as grain, legumes, olives and different types of fruit. The city of Anadan is built on a hill surrounded by a plain. Anadan currently has about thirteen mosques and several elementary schools, a junior high school and a high school for boys and girls.

During the Ayyubid period, in the 1220s, Anadan was visited by Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi who noted it was "a village near Kinnasrin, in the Kurah district of Urtik, of the Awasim Province." The 13th-century Marasid listed it as a village northeast of Aleppo.
Benjamin W. Alling
Benjamin W. Alling (November 7, 1879 – February 24, 1950) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the  New Britain district from 1922 to 1926 and as the Attorney General of Connecticut from 1927 to 1931.

New Britain, Connecticut
New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. The city is part of the Capitol Planning Region. According to the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 74,135.

Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park, developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.

The city's official nickname is the "Hardware City" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as "New Britski".
SaskTel
Saskatchewan Telecommunications Holding Corporation, operating as SaskTel, is a Canadian telecommunications crown corporation based in the province of Saskatchewan. Owned by the provincial government, it provides wireline and wireless communications services, including landline telephone, mobile networks, broadband internet (including copper DSL, fibre to the home, and wireless broadband), IPTV, and security services. Through a subsidiary, SaskTel International, the company has also worked on telecom infrastructure projects in countries such as Argentina and the Bahamas, as well as being the lead implementation company for the communication and control systems of the Channel Tunnel between England and France.

As of 2022, SaskTel serves around 1.4 million customers, and has an annual revenue of around CA$1.3 billion.

Yorkton
Yorkton is a city located in south-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is about 300 kilometres (190 mi) south-east of Saskatoon and 450 kilometres (280 mi) north-west of Winnipeg, Manitoba and is the sixth-largest city in the province. Yorkton was founded in 1882 and incorporated as a city in 1928. The city is bordered by the rural municipalities of Orkney to the north, west, and south, and Wallace on the east.
Ruiven
Ruiven is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located about 4 km southeast of the city of Delft.

Ruiven was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1846, when it became part of Pijnacker.

Delft
Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.

Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau, for its blue pottery, for being home to the painter Jan Vermeer, and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology.
Paddle wheel
A paddle wheel is a form of waterwheel or impeller in which a number of paddles are set around the periphery of the wheel.  It has several uses, of which some are:

Very low-lift water pumping, such as flooding paddy fields at no more than about 0.5 m (20 in) height above the water source.

To move and mix algae culture in the raceway ponds used for algaculture.

Propulsion of watercraft (as a paddlewheel)

Low head hydro power (as a waterwheel)

Flow sensors

Aerators

The paddle wheel is an ancient invention but is still used today in a wide range of industrial and agriculture applications.

Low-head hydro power
Low-head hydro power refers to the development of hydroelectric power where the head is typically less than 20 metres, although precise definitions vary.  Head is the vertical height measured between the hydro intake water level and the water level at the point of discharge. Using only a low head drop in a river or tidal flows to create electricity may provide a renewable energy source that will have a minimal impact on the environment. Since the generated power (calculated the same as per general hydropower) is a function of the head these systems are typically classed as small-scale hydropower, which have an installed capacity of less than 5MW.
Ali Ben Salem
Ali Ben Salem (Arabic: علي بن سالم) or Ali Kchouk (1931 – 27 July 2023) was a Tunisian human rights activist and anti-colonialist, born in Bizerte. He was an opponent of the regimes of Presidents Habib Bourguiba and Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali.
Ali Ben Salem was considered the oldest human rights activist in Tunisia.  While he was the president of the Bizertine section of the Tunisian Human Rights League, he co-founded the National Council for Freedoms and the Association against Torture in Tunisia.

Bizerte
Bizerte (Arabic: بنزرت, romanized: Binzart, Tunisian Arabic pronunciation: [bɪnzɑrt] ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of Bizerte Governorate in northern Tunisia. It is the northernmost city in Africa, located 65 km (40 mi) north of the capital Tunis. It is also known as the last town to remain under French control after the rest of the country won its independence from France. The city had 162,053 inhabitants in 2014.
Atalanta in Calydon: And Lyrical Poems
Atalanta in Calydon: And Lyrical Poems is a collection of works by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in 1901 by William Sharp. It contains Swinburne's tragic play Atalanta in Calydon and several lyrical poems. Prominent themes of the book are nature, religion and agnosticism, as well as a critical perspective on existing gender and social norms.

The book was issued as part of the Tauchnitz Collection of British Authors (volume 3522), a 20th-century book series that distributed popular works by British authors on primarily non-British markets. At its publication, Atalanta in Calydon: And Lyrical Poems was the only largely available collection of Swinburne's poetry outside of the British Empire and the US. The book was produced in six printing runs between 1901 and 1928, without any major revisions made in-between the impressions.

Lyric poetry
Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry that expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in a first-person narrative.
The term for both modern lyric poetry and modern song lyrics derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the Greek lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on an instrument known as a kithara, a seven-stringed lyre (hence "lyric"). These three are not equivalent, though song lyrics are often in the lyric mode and Ancient Greek lyric poetry was principally chanted verse.

The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle among three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic, and epic. Lyric poetry is one of the earliest forms of literature.
Euschoengastia setosa
Euschoengastia setosa is a mite in the genus Euschoengastia of the family Trombiculidae that mostly parasitizes small rodents and lagomorphs. Recorded hosts include marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) in Georgia; the deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) in Tennessee; and the eastern red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in North Carolina, among others.

Lagomorpha
The lagomorphs (from Ancient Greek  λαγώς lagós 'hare' and  μορφή morphḗ 'form') are the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (rabbits and hares) and the Ochotonidae (pikas). There are 110 recent species of lagomorph, of which 109 species in twelve genera are extant, including ten genera of rabbits (42 species), one genus of hare (33 species), and one genus of pika (34 species); and in which one monospecific genus is recently extinct, that of the Sardinian pika.
Telephony in Greater Manchester
The Cities of Manchester and Salford and some surrounding urban areas such as Stockport, Oldham and Bolton, (now forming parts of Greater Manchester), were the location of several advances in the development of telephony in the United Kingdom. A Manchester company installed the country's first regular telephone system in the city, wiring solutions which were adopted across Britain were initiated in Manchester and Stockport, the city was (arguably) the site of the UK's first telephone exchange and a radio telephony service which was the forerunner of modern mobile phones was controlled from the city.

Radiotelephone
A radiotelephone (or radiophone), abbreviated RT, is a radio communication system for conducting a conversation; radiotelephony means telephony by radio. It is in contrast to radiotelegraphy, which is radio transmission of telegrams (messages), or television, transmission of moving pictures and sound.  The term is related to radio broadcasting, which transmit audio one way to listeners. Radiotelephony refers specifically to two-way radio systems for bidirectional person-to-person voice communication between separated users, such as CB radio or marine radio. In spite of the name, radiotelephony systems are not necessarily connected to or have anything to do with the telephone network, and in some radio services, including GMRS, interconnection is prohibited.
William A. Stanton
William A. Stanton (traditional Chinese: 司徒文; born 1947) is an American retired career diplomat. Since his retirement from the U.S. Foreign Service in 2012, he has consecutively served as a professor in Taiwan at National Tsing Hua University, National Taiwan University, National Yang Ming University which became National Yang Ming Jiao Tung University, and in 2021 as Chair Professor at National Chengchi University.

National Chengchi University
National Chengchi University (NCCU; Chinese: 國立政治大學; pinyin: Guólì Zhèngzhì Dàxué; lit. 'National Political Science University') is a public research university in Taipei, Taiwan. It was founded in Nanjing, China, in 1927 as a training institution for officials in the National Government of the Republic of China, then moved to Taiwan in 1954 as the first reestablished national university there.

The university has an urban campus of approximately 103 hectares (250 acres) in the Wenshan District and provides undergraduate and graduate instruction with a specialization in the arts and humanities and social sciences. It consists of twelve colleges, such as the College of Commerce and College of Foreign Languages, in addition to 34 departments and ten research institutes that host 43 master's programs, 34 doctoral programs, and multiple international degree programs.
Azeville Airfield
Azeville/Fontenay (Azeville) Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield, which is located near the commune of Azeville in the Normandy region of northern France.

Located just outside Azeville, the United States Army Air Force established a temporary airfield shortly after the Allied landings in France(D-Day) on 16 June 1944. The airfield was one of the first established in the liberated area of Normandy, being constructed by the IX Engineering Command, 819th Engineer Aviation Battalion.

Advanced landing ground
Advanced landing grounds (ALGs) were temporary advance airfields constructed by the Allies during World War II during the liberation of Europe. They were built in the UK prior to the invasion and thereafter in northwest Europe from 6 June 1944 to V-E Day, 7 May 1945.

Unlike the permanent airfields built in the United Kingdom and designed for the strategic bombardment of Germany, the tactical combat airfields on the continent were temporary, often improvised airfields to be used by the tactical air forces to support the advancing ground armies engaged on the battlefield. Once the front line moved out of range for the aircraft, the groups and squadrons moved up to newly built ALGs closer to the ground forces and left the ones in the rear for other support uses, or simply abandoned them.
Leptopelis parvus
Leptopelis parvus, also known as the Kanole forest treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is only known from the Upemba National Park (Katanga Province, southern DRC).

Upemba National Park
Upemba National Park (French: Parc national d'Upemba) is a large national park in Haut-Lomami, Lualaba Province & Haut-Katanga Province (formerly in Katanga Province) of the southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly Zaire.
Doctor of Science
A Doctor of Science (Latin: Scientiae Doctor; most commonly abbreviated DSc or ScD) is a science doctorate awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. A Doctor of Science (DSc) degree signifies advanced expertise and significant contributions to a scientific or technical field. It is often seen as a more practice-oriented counterpart to the PhD, emphasizing applied research, innovation, and practical impact. In some countries, like the UK, Australia and New Zealand, the DSc is a higher doctorate, awarded for exceptional achievements and lifetime scholarly contributions.

National University of Cuyo
The National University of Cuyo (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, UNCuyo) is the largest center of higher education in the province of Mendoza, Argentina.

As of 2005, the university had 12 academic schools in the city of Mendoza and a delegation in the city of San Rafael (province of Mendoza), in addition to the Balseiro Institute, which is the most developed institute of Physics research in Argentina, located in the city of San Carlos de Bariloche (province of Río Negro). It includes the University Technological Institute which offers technical education in four other cities in Mendoza province. Moreover, UNCuyo is also devoted to improving education due to having 7 other buildings working as High Schools:

C.U.C. (Colegio Universitario Central "Gral. Jose de San Martin")

Escuela de Comercio Martín Zapata

Liceo Agrícola Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

Escuela del Magisterio

Escuela de Agricultura

D.A.D (Departamento de Aplicación Docente)

Escuela Carmen Vera Arenas
Happy Few
Happy Few is a 2010 French romance film directed by Antony Cordier. The film was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.  It was released in the US under the title Four Lovers by Oscilloscope Laboratories in theaters and on DVD in 2012. In Europe on DVD it was released as Aimez Qui Vous Voulez, Happy Few.

Oscilloscope (company)
Oscilloscope Laboratories is an independent film company, distributor, recording studio, and production facility.  It was founded in 2006 by Adam Yauch and former TH!NKFilm executive David Fenkel, with Fenkel initially serving as president.

Two years later, in 2008, Dan Berger was named president of Oscilloscope.

In May 2012, Fenkel left the company to co-found A24.
Aarada Gaaya
Aarada Gaaya (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language action film, written by M. D. Sundar and directed by V. Somashekhar. It was produced under the banner of Vijayashekar Movies. Shankar Nag, Gayatri, Sowcar Janaki and Kanchana appeared in pivotal roles. The music was composed by Satyam, with the lyrics of Chi. Udaya Shankar.

V. Somashekhar
Venkatappa Somashekhar (27 July 1937 – 22 August 2003) was an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter in Kannada and Malayalam cinema. In 40 years of his career as a director, he directed 49 films, including commercial successes such as Premada Kanike (1976), Shankar Guru (1978), Seetharamu (1979), Chakravyuha (1983), and Prathap (1990).
Widely known for action-oriented movies, he was much sought as a hit-machine.

Following his directorial career, he worked as the President of Kannada Film Directors Association. Recognizing his contribution to Kannada cinema, he was awarded the Puttanna Kanagal Award in 2001.
Zalma R-5 School District
The Zalma R-5 School District is a small, rural public school district located in the village of Zalma in Bollinger County in southeast Missouri, United States. With an average yearly enrollment of approximately 250 students in grades PreK–12, it is one of the smallest school districts in the state.

The district covers most of the southern portions of Bollinger County as well as the extreme southeastern portions of neighboring Wayne County and northeastern sections of Stoddard County.

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
Motonobu Tanishige
Motonobu Tanishige (Japanese: 谷繁 元信, born December 21, 1970, in Hiroshima) is a retired Japanese professional baseball player and manager.

Tanishige played 27 seasons in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), appearing in more games (3,021) than any other player in NPB history. Making his debut for the Taiyo Whales in 1989 at age 18, he played for the franchise for 13 years. In 2002, he moved to the Chunichi Dragons, where he played for 14 seasons, until 2015. He was the player-manager of the Chunichi Dragons from 2014 to 2015, staying on as manager in 2016.

Tanishige played in five Japan Series. He played in the 2006 World Baseball Classic, when Japan won the championship. In 2024, he was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

Professional baseball in Japan
Professional baseball in Japan first started in the 1920s, but it was not until the Greater Japan Tokyo Baseball Club (大日本東京野球倶楽部, Dai-nippon Tōkyō Yakyū Kurabu) was established in 1934 that the modern professional game had continued success.
Damascene pigeon
The Damascene, also known as the Istanbullu pigeon, is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Damascenes, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants of the rock dove (also called rock pigeon) (Columba livia).
The breed is thought to have originated in Damascus, Syria and hence its name. The American Pigeon Standard, notes that it may well have come from Turkey,

particularly Smyrna.

Fancy pigeon
Fancy pigeon refers to any breed of domestic pigeon, which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove (Columba livia). They are bred by pigeon fanciers for various traits relating to size, shape, color, and behavior, and often exhibited at pigeon shows, fairs and other livestock exhibits.

There are about 800 pigeon breeds; considering all regional varieties all over the world there may be 1100 breeds. The European list of fancy pigeons alone names about 500 breeds. No other domestic animal has branched out into such a variety of forms and colours.

Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred fancy pigeons, particularly the ice pigeon, to study variation within species, this work coming three years before his publication, On the Origin of Species.
Lipotyphla
Lipotyphla is an obsolete order of mammals, meaning lacking blind gut, including the members of the order Eulipotyphla (i.e. the solenodons, family Solenodontidae; hedgehogs and gymnures, family Erinaceidae; desmans, moles, and shrew-like moles, family Talpidae; and true shrews, family Soricidae) as well as three other families of the former order Insectivora, Chrysochloridae (golden moles), Tenrecidae (tenrecs), and Potamogalidae (otter shrews). However, molecular studies found the golden moles,  tenrecs, and otter shrews to be unrelated to the others (these afrothere groups were then put in their own order, Afrosoricida). This made Lipotyphla an invalid polyphyletic order and gave rise to the notion of Eulipotyphla instead, an exclusively laurasiathere grouping.

Tenrec
A tenrec (/ˈtɛnrɛk/) is a mammal belonging to any species within the afrotherian family Tenrecidae, which is endemic to Madagascar. Tenrecs are a very diverse group, as a result of adaptive radiation, and exhibit convergent evolution; some resemble hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, rats, or mice. They occupy aquatic, arboreal, terrestrial, and fossorial environments. Some of these species, including the greater hedgehog tenrec, can be found in the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. However, the speciation rate in this group has been higher in humid forests.

All tenrecs are believed to descend from a common ancestor that lived 29–37 million years ago after rafting over from Africa. The split from their closest relatives, African otter shrews, is estimated to have occurred about 47–53 million years ago.