hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
WebSub
WebSub (formerly PubSubHubbub) is an open protocol for distributed publish–subscribe communication on the Internet. Initially designed to extend the Atom (and RSS) protocols for data feeds, the protocol can be applied to any data type (e.g. HTML, text, pictures, audio, video) as long as it is accessible via HTTP. Its main purpose is to provide real-time notifications of changes, which improves upon the typical situation where a client periodically polls the feed server at some arbitrary interval. In this way, WebSub provides pushed HTTP notifications without requiring clients to spend resources on polling for changes.

In October 2017, PubSubHubbub was renamed to WebSub for simplicity and clarity.
As of January 2018, the WebSub protocol has been adopted by the W3C as a Recommendation.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Zilveren Nipkowschijf
Zilveren Nipkowschijf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzɪlvərə(n) ˈnɪpkɔfsxɛif]; "Silver Nipkow Disk", named for German television pioneer Paul Gottlieb Nipkow) is a Dutch television and media award that has been given out since 1961 by a selection of Dutch media journalists and critics to the best show of the year.

The three founding critics were Henk Schaafsma of NRC Handelsblad, Hans Keller of Volkskrant, and Han G. Hoekstra of Het Parool. In 1975, Stichting Nipkow was founded and became the official foundation to award the Zilveren Nipkow. Tom Smeets of De Gelderlander has been the chairman of the foundation since its foundation. In 1996, the foundation started awarding the Zilveren Reissmicrofoon to the best Dutch radio show. In 2003, the foundation introduced a new award for best multimedia presentation, which was named the Zilveren Prichettprijs (named after Harry Prichett).

Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (German: [ˈpaʊl ˈgɔtliːp ˈnɪpkɔv]; 22 August 1860 – 24 August 1940) was a German electrical engineer and inventor. He invented the Nipkow disk, which laid the foundation of television, since his disk was a fundamental component in the first televisions. Hundreds of stations experimented with television broadcasting using his disk in the 1920s and 1930s, until it was superseded by all-electronic systems in the 1940s.

Nipkow has been called the "father of television", together with other early figures of television history like Karl Ferdinand Braun.

The first regular television service in the world, Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow, was named in his honour.
VTE
VTE may mean:

Contour Airlines (ICAO airline callsign VTE), an American regional charter airline
Contour Aviation, parent company of Contour Airlines based in Smyrna, Tennessee

Venous thromboembolism

Vaishnava Training and Education

Virtual Terminal Emulator, a widget used by programs such as GNOME Terminal

Wattay International Airport (IATA: VTE), in Laos, near its capital Vientiane

Vertical triple expansion, a type of multiple expansion steam engine

Vancouver Transit Exchange, an Internet exchange point

Contour Airlines
Contour Airlines is an independent regional airline headquartered at Smyrna Airport in Smyrna, Tennessee, United States.

Contour Airlines is set up as a public charter operator for regulatory purposes and does not directly operate aircraft. Contour Airlines charters 30-seat regional jets operated by its parent company, Contour Aviation, then resells seats on those aircraft to the public. The arrangement allows Contour to utilize pilots who are qualified to operate charter services, who can be either less experienced or older than allowed on commercial passenger flights.
Portrait of Richard Heber
Portrait of Richard Heber is a 1782 portrait painting by the Anglo-American artist John Singleton Copley. It depicts Richard Heber at the age of eight, holding a cricket bat. The picture was commissioned by his father the Reverend Reginald Heber.

Heber grew up to be a Member of Parliament and a noted book collector. The Boston-born Copley has arrived in Britain in 1774 and settled there for the remainder of his career. Like his contemporary Benjamin West's The Cricketers (1763), it features a depiction of the game of cricket, growing in popularity amongst the British elite.

Today the painting is in the Yale Centre for British Art as part of the Paul Mellon Collection.

The Reverend
The Reverend (abbreviated as The Revd, The Rev'd or The Rev) is an honorific style given to certain (primarily Western) Christian clergy and ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions. The Reverend is correctly called a style, but is sometimes referred to as a title, form of address, or title of respect.
André Caldeira
Jefisley André Caldeira (born May 16, 1980) is a Brazilian midfielder who plays for Hapoel Ramat Gan. Some of his other former teams include Goiás, Beitar Jerusalem, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hapoel Be'er Sheva.
In September 2011, he signed at Hapoel Petah Tikva.

Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C.
Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. (Hebrew: מכבי פתח תקווה; "Maccabi Avshalom Ironi Petah Tikva F.C., מועדון ספורט מכבי אבשלום עירוני פתח תקווה) is an Israeli professional football club based in the city of Petah Tikva. It is part of the Maccabi World Union for international Jewish sports clubs.
Tičje Brdo
Tičje Brdo (pronounced [ˈtiːtʃjɛ ˈbəɾdɔ]) is a former village in northwestern Slovenia in the Municipality of Cerkno. It is now part of the village of Gorenji Novaki. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included in the Upper Carniola Statistical Region.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Luciano Acosta
Luciano Federico "Lucho" Acosta (born 31 May 1994) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Fluminense.

Acosta began his professional career with Boca Juniors and later moved to the United States. There, he played for Major League Soccer clubs D.C. United, FC Cincinnati, and FC Dallas from 2016 to 2025.

2018 Major League Soccer season
The 2018 Major League Soccer season was the 23rd season of Major League Soccer, top division of soccer in the United States and Canada. The regular season began on March 3, 2018 and concluded on October 28, 2018. The MLS Cup Playoffs began on October 31, 2018 and concluded with MLS Cup 2018 on December 8, 2018. The league took a nine-day hiatus in early June for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, reduced from previous breaks.

Los Angeles FC joined the league as an expansion franchise, while D.C. United debuted their new soccer-specific stadium, Audi Field.

Toronto FC were the defending Supporters' Shield champions and defending MLS Cup champions.

New York Red Bulls won their third Supporters' Shield, with a league record 71 points, while Atlanta United FC won their first MLS Cup in their second year in the league.
Kidstreet (band)
Kidstreet is a Canadian electronica trio formed in 2007 in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The band is composed of two brothers and one sister: Karl Snyder on drums, Cliff Snyder on synth and guitar, and younger sister Edna Snyder on piano and vocals. The trio have a unique form of synth-pop.

The band signed with Nettwerk in 2010. Kidstreet have since signed a major licensing deal with Ford. The staccato piano from their song (simply titled "Song") backs the car-maker's latest television spot as well as Apple's MacBook Pro with retina display television spot.

Onstage, the band blends electronic elements with live drums, vocals, guitar and synths. They have toured with fellow Canadian artists Dragonette, Mother Mother, Thunderheist, and Rich Aucoin as well as international artists Girl Talk and Health. They performed at the 2011 Canadian Music Week.

Departure Festival
The Departure Festival + Conference, formerly known as Canadian Music Week, is an industry conference and music festival held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The event announced its new name in November 2024, noting that it will expand its focus to include art, comedy, technology, film and fashion events.
North Macedonia–Russia relations
North Macedonia–Russia relations (Macedonian: Македонско-руски односи, Russian: Российско-македонские отношения) are the bilateral relations between the Republic of North Macedonia and the Russian Federation. North Macedonia has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate in Saint Petersburg, while Russia has an embassy in Skopje and an honorary consulate in Ohrid. The ambassador of North Macedonia in Moscow is Nenad Kolev (as of April 2023), while the Russian ambassador in Skopje is Dmitry Zykov (as of December 2025). A Russian honorary consulate was opened in Bitola on May 22, 2002, but permission for it to operate was subsequently revoked by the North Macedonia government on June 1, 2022.

Ohrid
41°07′01″N 20°48′06″E﻿ / ﻿41.11694°N 20.80167°E﻿ / 41.11694; 20.80167

Ohrid (Macedonian: Охрид [ˈɔxrit] ⓘ) is a city in North Macedonia and is the seat of the Ohrid Municipality. It is the largest city on Lake Ohrid and the eighth-largest city in the country, with it recording a population of over 38,000 inhabitants as of 2021. Ohrid is known for once having 365 churches, one for each day of the year, and has been referred to as the "Jerusalem of the Balkans". The city is rich in picturesque houses and monuments, and tourism is predominant. It is located southwest of Skopje, west of Resen and Bitola. In 1979 and in 1980, respectively, Ohrid and Lake Ohrid were accepted as Cultural and Natural World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Ohrid is one of only 40 sites that are part of UNESCO's World Heritage that are Cultural as well as Natural sites.
Versão Acústica (album)
Versão Acústica is the debut album by Brazilian Acoustic rock musician Emmerson Nogueira, released on December 21, 2001, by Columbia. It features covers of hits by many famous international bands and musicians.

Emmerson Nogueira
Emmerson Nogueira (born Emmerson Oliveira Nogueira on September 23, 1973) is a Brazilian guitarist and songwriter notable for releasing only cover albums, containing acoustic versions of several internationally famous English-speaking songs. He performs with his supporting band called Versão Acústica.
Christian Democratic Union (Bolivia)
The Christian Democratic Union (Spanish: Unidad Democrática Cristiana, UDC) was a right-wing Christian-democratic political party in Bolivia.

In January 1979 the right-wing faction split from the Christian Democratic Party and founded the Christian Democratic Union. 
Led by René Bernal Escalante.

In 1979 the Christian Democratic Union took part in an electoral coalition Popular Alliance for National Integration backing René Bernal Escalante.

In 1985 Christian Democratic Union allied with the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement and its candidate Víctor Paz Estenssoro.

Víctor Paz Estenssoro
Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (2 October 1907 – 7 June 2001) was a Bolivian politician who served as the 45th president of Bolivia for three nonconsecutive and four total terms from 1952 to 1956, 1960 to 1964 and 1985 to 1989. He ran for president eight times (1947, 1951, 1960, 1964, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1985) and was victorious in 1951, 1960, 1964 and 1985. His 1951 victory was annulled by a military junta led by Hugo Ballivián, and his 1964 victory was interrupted by the 1964 Bolivian coup d'état.

Paz Estenssoro's nephew Jaime Paz Zamora and grand-nephew Rodrigo Paz would go on to be the 60th and 68th presidents of Bolivia, respectively.
Imágenes (Lourdes Robles album)
Imágenes (Images), is the title of the second studio album released by Puerto-Rican singer Lourdes Robles in 1990. The album became very successful in the United States where it peaked at number nine in the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart. The album includes the number-one single "Abrázame Fuerte", and the top ten hit "Gracias a Tu Amor", a duet with Nicaraguan performer Luis Enrique. "Miedo", "Que Lástima", “La Nota Ideal” and "Es Él" were released as singles, reaching the Top 40 in the US.

Imágenes was produced by Rudy Perez and Ricardo Eddy and features songs written by both producers, Omar Sánchez, Jorge Luis Piloto and Manuel Alejandro. The album was awarded with a Gold album certification.

Manuel Alejandro
Manuel Álvarez-Beigbeder Pérez (born 21 February 1932), better known as Manuel Alejandro, is a Spanish composer of Latin love songs, which are better known as ballads. He has written, composed, and arranged songs for the likes of Luis Miguel, Plácido Domingo, Nino Bravo, Julio Iglesias, Raphael, Hernaldo Zúñiga, José José, José Luis Rodríguez, Emmanuel, Enrique Guzmán, Isabel Pantoja, Rocío Jurado, Rudy Marquez, and Jeanette, among many others.
Paul Wintz
Paul Gordon Wintz (born 7 March 1986) is a Guyanese cricketer who has played for the Guyanese national side in West Indian domestic cricket, and also for the Guyana Amazon Warriors franchise in the Caribbean Premier League (CPL). He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler.

Wintz was born in Cumberland Village, in Guyana's East Berbice-Corentyne region. He made his senior debut for Guyana at the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 in India, playing matches against the Mumbai Indians and South Australia. Wintz made his List A debut for Guyana during the 2011–12 Regional Super50, and his first-class debut during the 2012–13 Regional Four Day Competition. At the 2012–13 Regional Super50, he took eight wickets from six matches, behind only Ronsford Beaton for Guyana.

Caribbean Premier League
The Caribbean Premier League (abbreviated to CPL or CPLT20) is an annual Twenty20 cricket tournament held in the Caribbean. It was founded by Cricket West Indies in 2013 to replace the Caribbean Twenty20 as the premier Twenty20 competition in the Caribbean. It is currently sponsored by Republic Bank Limited and consequently officially named the Republic Bank CPL. The inaugural tournament was won by the Jamaica Tallawahs who defeated the Guyana Amazon Warriors in the final.
Hans Simonsson
Hans Simonsson (born 1 May 1962) is a retired professional tennis player from Sweden. Primarily a doubles specialist, he won 11 ATP Tour titles in his career. He won the French Open doubles title in 1983 with his countryman Anders Järryd. He also played in the 1983 Davis Cup final for Sweden. He reached his career high doubles ranking of No. 10 in the world on 2 January 1984. Simonsson again reached the French Open doubles final in 1985, but he and Schlomo Glickstein were defeated by Mark Edmondson and Kim Warwick. The Swede finished his career prematurely at the age of 25.

He is a brother of fellow tennis player Stefan Simonsson.

Shlomo Glickstein
Shlomo Glickstein (Hebrew: שלמה גליקשטיין; born 6 January 1958) is an Israeli former professional tennis player.

He reached his career-high singles ranking of World No. 22 in November 1982, and his career-high doubles ranking of World No. 28 in February 1986.
Mother and Child (1934 film)
Mother and Child  (German: Mutter und Kind) is a 1934 German drama film directed by Hans Steinhoff and starring Henny Porten, Peter Voß, and Elisabeth Wendt. It is a sound remake of the 1924 silent film Mother and Child which had been a major hit for Porten. Franz Schroedter worked as art director on the film.

Elisabeth Wendt
Elisabeth Wendt (11 January 1906 – 24 March 1980) was a German film actress. After making her debut in Georg Wilhelm Pabst's Comradeship (1931), she appeared mostly in supporting roles during the Nazi era and immediate post-Second World War years.
11 Arietis
11 Arietis (abbreviated 11 Ari) is a star in the northern constellation of Aries. 11 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 6.01, which makes it a challenging target to view with the naked eye in suitably dark skies. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 3.72 mas, the distance to this star is approximately 880 light-years (270 parsecs).

11 Arietis has a stellar classification of B9 IV-Vn, which may indicate that it is beginning to evolve away from the main sequence into a subgiant as the supply of hydrogen at its core becomes exhausted. At present, it has an estimated radius of 2.8 times that of the Sun, but this will increase as it continues to evolve into a giant star. 11 Arietis is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 249 km/s. This motion, combined with the Doppler effect, is causing the absorption lines in the spectrum to spread out and become 'nebulous', as indicated by the 'n' suffix in the classification.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Philosophy in Canada
The study and teaching of philosophy in Canada date from the time of New France. Generally, Canadian philosophers have not developed unique forms of philosophical thought; rather, Canadian philosophers have reflected particular views of established European and later American schools of philosophical thought, be it Thomism, Objective Idealism, or Scottish Common Sense Realism. Since the mid-twentieth century the depth and scope of philosophical activity in Canada has increased dramatically. This article focuses on the evolution of epistemology, logic, the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, ethics and metaethics, and continental philosophy in Canada.

Charles De Koninck
Charles De Koninck MSRC (29 July 1906 – 13 February 1965) was a Belgian-Canadian Thomist philosopher and theologian. As director of the Department of Philosophy at the Université Laval in Quebec, he influenced Catholic philosophy in French Canada and also influenced Catholic philosophers in English Canada and the United States. The author of many books and articles in French and English, he contributed to a variety of philosophical fields including natural philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and political philosophy, but he also wrote on theology, especially Mariology.

De Koninck was the founder of the so-called Laval School of philosophy, and mentored a number of philosophers, including Ralph McInerny, who published an English translation of De Koninck's collected works.
Keeneland, Lyndon, Kentucky
Keeneland is also the name of a thoroughbred horse racing and sales complex in Lexington, Kentucky; for this complex, see Keeneland.

Keeneland is a former city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States, that was dissolved on January 1, 2001, and annexed by the neighboring City of Lyndon. Keeneland is now a neighborhood of Lyndon and also a part of Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County, Kentucky
Jefferson County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 782,969. It is the most populous county in the commonwealth (with more than twice the population of second ranked Fayette County).

Since a city-county merger in 2003, the county's territory, population and government have been coextensive with the city of Louisville, which also serves as county seat. The administrative entity created by this merger is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro.

Jefferson County is the anchor of the Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, locally referred to as Kentuckiana.
John Barefield
John Barefield (born March 23, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the St. Louis Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL) from 1978 to 1980. He played college football for the Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas.

St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
From 1960 to 1987, the professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Cardinals.

The team moved from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960, and played their first home game there on October 2 at Busch Stadium against the New York Giants. Their last home game in St. Louis, played at Busch Memorial Stadium on December 13, 1987, was also against the Giants. Their last game as a St. Louis–based club was on December 27, 1987, at the Dallas Cowboys.

During the Cardinals' 28 years in St. Louis, they advanced to the playoffs just four times (1964, 1974, 1975, and 1982), and never hosted a playoff game. Their only postseason win came in the 1964 Playoff Bowl.

Their winning percentage of .481 during their time in St. Louis—187 victories, 202 losses, and 13 ties—is better than those in the other two cities the Cardinals have called home.

The team moved to Tempe, Arizona, in 1988.
William Henry Lowe
Dr William Henry Lowe FRSE PRCPE (1815–1900) was a Scottish physician and amateur botanist. He served as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1873 to 1875. He was president of the Royal Medical Society and the Botanical Society of London.

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter in 1681. The college has more than 14,000 fellows and members worldwide, who are entitled to use the post-nominal MRCP (Edin) or FRCP (Edin).
Velimir Karić
Velimir Karić  (Kragujevac, Principality of Serbia, 3 October 1859 - Belgrade, 1946) was a Serbian revolutionary, a  People's Radical Party representative in the parliament of the Kingdom of Serbia, a pharmacist, a volunteer in the liberation wars of 1876-1878 against the Ottoman Empire, a member of the founding group of the Serbian Chetnik Organization in Vranje.

People's Radical Party
The People's Radical Party (Serbian: Народна радикална странка, romanized: Narodna radikalna stranka, abbr. NRS) was a populist political party in Serbia and later Yugoslavia. Led by Nikola Pašić for most of its existence, its ideological profile has significantly changed throughout its history, shifting from socialism and radicalism towards conservatism in the early 20th century.