hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gazi Mihal Bridge
Gazi Mihal Bridge (Turkish: Gazi Mihal Köprüsü) is a historic Ottoman bridge in Edirne, Turkey. it crosses the Tunca.

The bridge was originally built by the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII (1259-1282) but was rebuilt early in the 15th century by the Ottoman frontier lord Gazi Mihal. In 1544, Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent  (r. 1520-1566) added eight arches at its western end, which had originally eight arches. Sultan Mehmed III (r. 1595-1603) added a span with two arches, which is called the middle bridge.

Mehmed III
Mehmed III (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثالث, Meḥmed-i sālis; Turkish: III. Mehmed; 26 May 1566 – 22 December 1603) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603. Mehmed was known for ordering the execution of his brothers and leading the army in the Long Turkish War, during which the Ottoman army was victorious at the Battle of Keresztes. This victory was however undermined by some military losses such as in Győr and Nikopol. He also ordered the successful quelling of the Jelali rebellions. The sultan also communicated with the court of Elizabeth I on the grounds of stronger commercial relations and in the hopes of England to ally with the Ottomans against the Spanish.
Malva verticillata
Malva verticillata, also known as the Chinese mallow or cluster mallow, is a species of the mallow genus Malva in the family of Malvaceae found in East Asia from Pakistan to China. M. verticillata is an annual or biennial that grow up to 1.7 meters in high and can inhabit woodland areas of different soil types. The small, symmetrical flowers have five white, pink or red petals (0.8 cm) and thirteen or more stamens. Each flower has three narrow epicalyx bracts. The fruit is a dry, hairless nutlet.  The leaves are simple and alternate.

In temperate climates, it flowers from July to September and the seeds from August to October. The flowers of the plant are self-fertile but can also be pollinated by insects.

Nut (fruit)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary.
Gavin Esler
Gavin William James Esler (born 27 February 1953) is a Scottish journalist, television presenter and author. He was a main presenter on BBC Two's flagship political analysis programme, Newsnight, from January 2003 until January 2014, and presenter of BBC News at Five on the BBC News Channel. From 2014 to 2023 he served as the Chancellor of the University of Kent. On 11 March 2017, Esler confirmed via his Twitter profile that he would be leaving the BBC at the end of the month to concentrate on his writing activities. He returned to the BBC later that year as host of Talking Books.

He stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for Change UK in London at the 2019 European Parliament election.

Newsnight
Newsnight is the BBC's news and current affairs television programme, providing in-depth investigation and analysis of the stories behind the day's headlines. It is broadcast weeknights at 10:30 on BBC Two and the BBC News channel; it is also available on BBC iPlayer. The programme is currently presented by Victoria Derbyshire, Paddy O'Connell and Matt Chorley.
Mount Minamikoma
Mount Minamikoma (南駒ヶ岳, Minamikoma-ga-take) is a mountain located on the border between Okuwa, Kiso District, and Iijima, Kamiina District, Nagano Prefecture, in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is 2,841 m (9,321 ft) tall and part of the Kiso Mountains. It is also included on the list of "200 Famous Japanese Mountains."

Kiso District
Kiso (木曽郡, Kiso-gun) is a district located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of November 1, 2005, the district has an estimated population of 34,759 with a density of 22.48 persons per km2. The total area is 1,546.26 km2.
Konya Blue Train
The Konya Blue Train (Turkish: Konya Mavi Treni), previously referred to as the Mevlana Express is an overnight intercity train operating between İzmir and Konya since 16 August 2012. The inaugural train will departed Alsancak Terminal in İzmir at 8:00pm (EEST) after an opening ceremony which the minister of transport, Binali Yıldırım will attend. The train follows the former Smyrna Cassaba Railway's mainline to Afyon passing through Manisa, Alaşehir, Uşak, Afyon and Konya. The Konya Blue Train is the first train service to operate east of Uşak, to Afyon, since the cancellation of the İzmir-Diyarbakır Postal Train several years ago.

Afyonkarahisar
Afyonkarahisar (Turkish pronunciation: [ɑfˌjon.kɑˈɾɑhisɑɾ], Turkish: afyon 'poppy, opium', kara 'black', hisar 'fortress') is a major city in western Turkey. It is the administrative centre of Afyonkarahisar Province and Afyonkarahisar District. Its population is 328.319 (2024). Afyon is in the mountainous countryside inland from the Aegean coast, 250 km (155 mi) south-west of Ankara along the Akarçay River. In Turkey, Afyonkarahisar stands out as a capital city of hot springs and spas, an important junction of railway, highway and air traffic in West-Turkey, and the place where independence was won.
In addition, Afyonkarahisar is one of Turkey's leading provinces in agriculture, globally renowned for its marble and is the world's largest producer of pharmaceutical opium. In antiquity, the city was called Akroinon and it is the site of Afyonkarahisar Castle, built around 1350 BC.
Giuntini Project IV
Giuntini Project IV is the  fourth album by Italian guitarist Aldo Giuntini's solo band and the third to feature former Black Sabbath singer Tony Martin on vocals.  Swedish rock singer Liz Vandall performs guest vocals on the track "Bring on the Night".

Like the previous album, is produced by Dario Mollo; Tony Martin said "the Giuntini music is only possible with Dario Mollo producing".

The album was released on 24 May 2013.

Dario Mollo
Dario Mollo is an Italian guitarist and record producer, perhaps best known for the three "Cage" albums he recorded with former Black Sabbath singer Tony Martin and his work with former Deep Purple singer/bassist Glenn Hughes (as Voodoo Hill).
USS Wyalusing
USS Wyalusing was a double-ended, side-wheel gunboat that served in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She was named for the borough of Wyalusing in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.

Wyalusing was built at Philadelphia by C. H. & W. H. Cramp, launched on 12 May 1863, and commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 8 February 1864, with Lieutenant Commander Walter W. Queen in command.

William Cramp & Sons
William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company (also known as William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company) was an American shipbuilding company based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1830 by William Cramp. During its heyday in late 19th century, it was the preeminent American iron shipbuilder.
AMP nucleosidase
In enzymology, an AMP nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

AMP + H2O  D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are AMP and H2O, whereas its two products are D-ribose 5-phosphate and adenine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N-glycosyl compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is AMP phosphoribohydrolase. Other names in common use include adenylate nucleosidase, and adenosine monophosphate nucleosidase.  This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Adenine
Adenine (symbol A, or Ade) is a  purine nucleotide base that is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP. Usually a white crystalline subtance. The shape of adenine is complementary and pairs to either thymine in DNA or uracil in RNA. In cells adenine, as an independent molecule, is rare. It is almost always covalently bound to become a part of a larger biomolecule.

Adenine has a central role in cellular respiration. It is part of adenosine triphosphate which provides the energy that drives and supports most activities in living cells, such as protein synthesis, chemical synthesis, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse propagation. In respiration it also participates as part of the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and Coenzyme A.

It is also part of adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and S-adenosylmethionine.
Madonna (name)
Madonna (/məˈdɒnə/) is a medieval name, originally used as a respectful form of address to an Italian woman. It comes from the Old Italian phrase ma donna which means "my lady". It was adopted as one of the titles for Mary, mother of Jesus in Roman Catholic tradition in the 17th century. Its usage has been present in Western Christian art and literature.

The name has also become associated in contemporaneous culture with American singer Madonna (full name: Madonna Louise Ciccone) since late twentieth century. She registered her name for trademark in the United States during the 1980s. Her trademark was also recognized internationally when she won a legal case in 2000 through the United Nations' arbitration at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

Christian art
Christian art is sacred art which uses subjects, themes, and imagery from Christianity. Most Christian groups use or have used art to some extent, including early Christian art and architecture and Christian media.

Images of Jesus and narrative scenes from the Life of Christ are the most common subjects, and scenes from the Old Testament play a part in the art of most denominations. Images of the Virgin Mary and saints are common in certain denominations of Christianity, including Catholicism, Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Evangelical Lutheranism. They are less common in other branches of the faith, such as Reformed Christianity.

Christianity makes far wider use of images than related religions, in which figurative representations are forbidden, such as Islam and Judaism. However, there are some that have promoted aniconism in Christianity, and there have been periods of iconoclasm within Christianity.
Charminar (2003 film)
Charminar is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language directed by Sagar. The film stars Venkat, Abhirami, Prakash Raj and Telangana Shakuntala. It was theatrically released on 15 August 2003. The film is a remake of the Kannada film Majestic (2002).

Abhirami (actress, born 1983)
Divya Gopikumar, professionally known as Abhirami (born 26 July 1983) is an Indian film and voice actress. She has acted predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam films and few credits in Telugu and Kannada films. Abhirami went on to establish herself as an leading actress in the 2000s across the Malayalam and Tamil language industries.

Abhirami went on to establish herself as a leading actress in the 2000s across the Malayalam and Tamil language industries after appearing in films such as Sradha (2000), Middle Class Madhavan (2001), Charlie Chaplin (2002), Raktha Kanneeru (2003) and Virumaandi (2004).
Arlen F. Chase
Arlen F. Chase (born 1953) is a Mesoamerican archaeologist and a faculty member in the Department of Comparative Cultural Studies at the University of Houston. Previously, he was a professor in the anthropology department at Pomona College, Claremont, CA and before that the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He previously served a variety of administrative roles (Departmental Chair for Anthropology; Associate Dean for the College of Sciences) at the University of Central Florida over the course of his 32 year stay at that institution. He is noted for his long-term research at the ancient Maya city of Caracol, Belize and for exploring landscape traces of Maya civilization using lidar.

University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. It includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses the School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is the only law school in the state.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNLV spent $83 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 165th in the nation.
Jakub Krupa
Jakub Krupa (born 19 June 1985) is a Czech handball
player, currently playing for HT Tatran Prešov in the Slovak Extraliga.
He also plays for the Czech national handball team.
He also played for HC Gurmány Zubří.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
WGPC
WGPC (branded as 1450 The Fan) was a radio station serving Albany, Georgia, United States and surrounding cities with sports radio programming from CBS Sports Radio. This station broadcast on AM frequency 1450 kHz and was under ownership of Cumulus Media.

The station was first licensed in 1932 as WENC on 1420 kHz, operating from Americus. In 1934, the station moved to Albany and changed its call letters to WGPC, becoming the first station in the city. In 1941, the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement moved the station to 1450.

WGPC went dark after its tower, which had been used since 1940, was cut in half during a storm on January 2, 2017. On March 22, 2017, Cumulus told WALB that the WGPC license had been surrendered to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); the FCC canceled the license on March 24, 2017.

WALB
WALB (channel 10) is a television station in Albany, Georgia, United States, serving Southwestern Georgia as an affiliate of NBC and ABC. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power CW+ affiliate WGCW-LD (channel 36). The two stations share studios on Stuart Avenue in Albany; WALB's transmitter is located east of Doerun, along the Colquitt–Worth county line.
George Herman Kerster
George Herman Kerster (born March 2, 1937) is a former car dealer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Coquitlam in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1975 to 1979 as a Social Credit member.

He was born in Lafleche, Saskatchewan, the son of Gustave A. Kerster and Marjorie P. Gohn, and was educated in Fort William, Ontario, in North Battleford, Saskatchewan and in Weyburn, Saskatchewan. In 1959, he married Helen K. Bartels. Kerster was a 1st lieutenant in the Regina militia. He later moved to Coquitlam, British Columbia. Kerster defeated then NDP premier Dave Barrett by 18 votes to win his assembly seat in 1975. He was defeated by Norman Levi in 1979 when he ran for reelection in the new riding of Coquitlam-Maillardville. In 2001, Kerster was convicted of trying to buy sex from a minor.

Fort William, Ontario
Fort William was a city in Ontario, Canada, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior.  Incorporated as a town in 1892 and as a city in 1907, it was amalgamated with Port Arthur and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the city of Thunder Bay in January 1970.
Kardanakhi
Kardenakhi (კარდენახი) also known as Kardanakhi is a village in Georgia, in the Gurjaani Municipality of the Kakheti region. It is located 510 meters above sea level on the northeastern slope of the Tsiv-Gombori Range, on the Bakurtsikhe-Tsnori highway, 14 kilometers from Gurjaani. According to the 2014 census, 3873 people live in the village.

Signagi
Signagi or Sighnaghi (Georgian: სიღნაღი) is a town in Georgia's easternmost region of Kakheti and the administrative center of the Signagi Municipality. Although it is one of Georgia's smallest towns, Signagi serves as a popular tourist destination due to its location at the heart of Georgia's wine-growing regions, as well as its picturesque landscapes, pastel houses and narrow, cobblestone streets. Located on a steep hill, Signagi overlooks the vast Alazani Valley, with the Caucasus Mountains visible at a distance.
Surface Laptop (1st generation)
The Surface Laptop is a laptop computer designed by Microsoft as part of the company's Surface line of personal computing devices. When it debuted, the laptop was intended to compete with Apple's MacBook Air and MacBook Pro.

The laptop was announced at the #MicrosoftEDU event by Microsoft on 2 May 2017, alongside Windows 10 S and an updated version of Surface Arc Mouse that includes a large capacitive surface. It became available for pre-order on the same day, and began shipping on 15 June 2017.

MacBook Pro
The MacBook Pro is a line of Mac laptop computers developed and manufactured by Apple. Introduced in 2006, it is the high-end sibling of the MacBook family, sitting above the ultra-portable MacBook Air and previously the low-end MacBook line. It is currently sold with 14 in (360 mm) and 16 in (410 mm) screens, all using Apple M-series chips. Before Apple silicon, the MacBook Pro used Intel chips, and was the first laptop made by Apple to do so, replacing the earlier PowerBook. It was also the first Apple laptop to carry the MacBook moniker.
Neferkare VIII
Neferkare VIII was the second pharaoh of the 10th Dynasty of ancient Egypt (between 2130 and 2040 BCE, during the First Intermediate Period).

The praenomen "Neferkare" suggests he considered himself a legitimate successor of Pepi II Neferkare of the 6th Dynasty, much like the many namesake Memphite kings of the Eighth Dynasty. He likely was the eighth king to bear this name – hence the "VIII" – although many of his predecessors are sometimes called by a combination of their praenomen and nomen (for example, Neferkare Tereru, or Neferkare Khendu).

He is definitely attested only on the Turin King List, since he is not known by any archaeological find. It is highly unlikely that Neferkare VIII and the enigmatic king Ka-nefer-re mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi are the same person, and it is somewhat more likely that Kaneferre should rather be identified with Neferkare VII of the previous 9th Dynasty.

Turin King List
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is an ancient Egyptian hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BC), now in the Museo Egizio (Egyptian Museum) in Turin. The papyrus is the most extensive list available of kings compiled by the ancient Egyptians, and is the basis for most Egyptian chronology before the reign of Ramesses II. The list records more than 200 kings, but not all names have survived.
Christopher Michael
Christopher Michael is an American actor, director and writer who started his career in the early 1980s, appearing between 1982 and 1987 in five soap operas — One Life to Live, As the World Turns, Guiding Light, Search for Tomorrow and Santa Barbara. He is most famous for portraying Sergeant / Detective / Captain / Chief Michaels on 7th Heaven. He appeared in over 45 episodes throughout the show's 1996–2006 243-episode run.

Search for Tomorrow
Search for Tomorrow is an American television soap opera. It began its run on CBS on September 3, 1951, and concluded on NBC, 35 years later, on December 26, 1986.

Set in the fictional town of Henderson in an unspecified state, the show focused primarily on the character of Joanne "Jo" Gardner, portrayed by Mary Stuart for the entire run of the series.
Merchantville, New Jersey
Merchantville is a borough in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 3,820, a decrease of one person from the 2010 census count of 3,821, which in turn reflected an increase of 20 (+0.5%) from the 3,801 counted in the 2000 census.

The borough had the 22nd-highest property tax rate in New Jersey in 2020, with an equalized rate of 4.367% in 2020, compared to 3.470% in the county as a whole and a statewide average of 2.279%.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.
Addicks Reservoir
The Addicks Reservoir and Addicks Dam in conjunction with the Barker Reservoir prevent downstream flooding of Buffalo Bayou in the city of Houston, Texas. Both reservoirs were authorized under the Rivers and Harbors Act of June 20, 1938, which was modified by the Flood Control Acts of 1938, 1954, and 1965. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) completed construction of Addicks Dam and the outlet facility in 1948.

Flood Control Act of 1938
The Flood Control Act of 1938 was an Act of the United States Congress signed into law by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt that authorized civil engineering projects such as dams, levees, dikes, and other flood control measures through the United States Army Corps of Engineers and other Federal agencies.  It is one of a number of Flood Control Acts passed nearly annually by the United States Congress.
1996 Acura Classic
The 1996 Acura Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Manhattan Country Club in Manhattan Beach, California in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1996 WTA Tour. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and was held from August 12 through August 18, 1996. Fourth-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Adoption & Fostering
Adoption & Fostering is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on adoption and foster care. It was established in 1977 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of Coram BAAF. Miranda Davies is its Managing Editor.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.