hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Belarus–United States relations
Interstate relations between the United States and Belarus began in 1991 upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union, of which Belarus had been a part.  However, the relations have turned negative due to accusations by the United States that Belarus has been violating human rights.  Belarus, in turn, has accused the United States of interfering in its internal affairs.

In 2008, Belarus recalled its ambassador from Washington and insisted that the Ambassador of the United States must leave Minsk.

According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report, only 20% of Belarusians approve of U.S. leadership, with 30% disapproving and 50% uncertain, the fourth-lowest rating for any surveyed country in Europe.

National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus
National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (official abbreviation — Belstat; Belarusian: Нацыянальны статыстычны камітэт Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Nacyjanaĺny statystyčny kamitet Respubliki Bielaruś; Russian: Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь) is a Belarusian government organization responsible for the collection, analysis and publication of the national statistics.
Grainger Falls
Grainger Falls is a waterfall in Fiordland, New Zealand. It is a combination of a tiered and fan type waterfall.

Grainger Falls was first recorded by Andreas Reischek, an Austrian who explored New Zealand in the 1880s. He named the waterfall after his friend Alfred Grainger.  Its exact location was established on 6 February 2006, by David Richards and Roy Gordon Grainger. As the stream which drains Lake Hector and contains the waterfall was unnamed, the NZ Geographic Naming Board called it Grainger Stream. Grainger Falls and Stream are now recorded in the New Zealand Gazetteer of Official Geographic Names. They are shown on the West Cape (CF04) map which is part of the NZ Topo50 series.

Andreas Reischek
Andreas Reischek (15 September 1845 – 3 April 1902) was an Austrian taxidermist, naturalist, ornithologist and grave robber notable for his extensive natural history collecting expeditions throughout New Zealand as well as being notorious for acts of grave robbing there.  He added materially to the understanding of the biology and distribution of the New Zealand avifauna.
St John the Baptist Church, Inglesham
St John the Baptist Church in Inglesham, near Swindon, Wiltshire, England, has Anglo-Saxon origins but most of the current structure was built around 1205. Much of the church has not changed since the medieval era. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade I listed building, and is now a redundant church which has been in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust since 1981.

The church stands above the water meadows next to the confluence of the River Thames, River Coln and the Thames and Severn Canal. Much of the fabric of the building is from the 13th century, but includes remains of an earlier church on the site. The interior has wall paintings spanning over 600 years, often one on top of the other, up to seven layers thick. There is also a carving of the Mother and Child which dates from the Anglo-Saxon era. There are also historic box pews, pulpit and memorials.

Water-meadow
A water-meadow (also water meadow or watermeadow) is an area of grassland subject to controlled irrigation to increase agricultural productivity.  Water-meadows were mainly used in Europe from the 16th to the early 20th centuries.  Working water-meadows have now largely disappeared, but the field patterns and water channels of derelict water-meadows remain common in areas where they were used, such as parts of Northern Italy, Switzerland and England.  Derelict water-meadows are often of importance as wetland wildlife habitats.

Water-meadows should not be confused with flood-meadows, which are naturally covered in shallow water by seasonal flooding from a river.  "Water-meadow" is sometimes used more loosely to mean any level grassland beside a river.
Canton of La Canourgue
The canton of La Canourgue is an administrative division of the Lozère department, southern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in La Canourgue.

It consists of the following communes:

La Canourgue
La Canourgue (French pronunciation: [la kanuʁɡ]; Occitan: La Canorga) is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France. In 1973 it absorbed three former communes: Auxillac, La Capelle and Montjézieu. It is sometimes referred to in French as "La petite Venise lozérienne", the Little Venice of Lozère.

Exposed to a mountain climate, it is drained by the Lot, the Urugne, the Chardonnet stream, the Felgeyre stream and by various other small watercourses. The commune has a remarkable natural heritage: a Natura 2000 network (the "Urugne valley") and four Natural zone of ecological, fauna and floral interest.

La Canourgue is a rural commune having experienced a strong increase in population since 1962. It is the central city of the agglomeration of La Canourgue. Its inhabitants are called the Canourguais or Canourguaises.

The commune of La Canourgue has been labeled "Village étape" since 2006.
Backward invention
Backward invention is a product strategy in international marketing in which an existing product may have to be re-engineered or dumbed down by the company to be released in Less Developed Countries, often at a cheaper rate.

Doing so can often breathe new life into an obsolete product by the company or even target people too poor to afford the actual product.

Dumbing down
Dumbing down is the deliberate oversimplification of intellectual content in education, literature, cinema, news, video games, and culture. Originating in 1933, the term "dumbing down" was movie-business slang, used by screenplay writers, meaning: "[to] revise so as to appeal to those of little education or intelligence". Dumbing-down varies according to subject matter, and usually involves the diminishment of critical thought by undermining standard language and learning standards, thus trivializing academic standards, culture, and meaningful information, as in the case of popular culture.
University of Swat
The University of Swat (Urdu: یونیورسٹی آف سوات) (Pashto: د سوات پوهنتون) is a public university. The main campus of the university is situated in the Charbagh area of the Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is about 20 km away from the main city of Mingora.

Mingora
Mingora (Pashto: مینګورہ, Romanised: Minga Wara) is a city in the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Located on the Swat River, it is the 3rd largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the 26th largest in Pakistan. Mingora is the largest city and the epicenter of social, cultural, and economic activities in Malakand Division, and also the largest in the northern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
1987 Individual Long Track World Championship
The 1987 Individual Long Track World Championship was the 17th edition of the FIM speedway Individual Long Track World Championship. The event was held on 20 September 1987 in Mühldorf, Germany, which was West Germany at the time.

The world title was won by Karl Maier of West Germany for the third time.

Karl Maier (speedway rider)
Karl Maier (born 24 August 1957) is a German former speedway rider. He competed in motorcycle speedway and Longtrack racing. He reached seventeen world longtrack championship finals and was world champion four times. He also earned 38 international caps for the West German national speedway team.
Westfälische Rinderwurst
Westfälische Rinderwurst (German pronunciation: [vɛstˌfɛːlɪʃə ˈʁɪndɐˌvʊʁst], lit. 'Westphalian beef sausage') is a type of German sausage known as a Grützwurst and is made from beef, beef dripping, vegetables, pearl barley or groats and butter. This Westphalian speciality is served hot, heated in water or roasted, and eaten with bread, boiled potatoes and the like.

The Calenberger Pfannenschlag or Knipp is a very similar dish from the Calenberg Land near Hanover, which can however be made from pork.

Pearl barley
Pearl barley, or pearled barley, is barley that has been processed to remove its fibrous outer hull and polished to remove some or all of the bran layer.

It is the most common form of barley for human consumption because it cooks faster and is less chewy than other, less-processed forms of the grain such as "hulled barley" (or "barley groats", also known as "pot barley" and "Scotch barley"). Fine barley flour is prepared from milled pearl barley.

Pearl barley is similar to wheat in its caloric, protein, vitamin and mineral content, though some varieties are higher in lysine. It is used mainly in soups, stews, and potages. It is the primary ingredient of the Italian dish orzotto and one of the main ingredients of the Jewish dish cholent and the Polish soup krupnik.
Al-Hadar
Al-Hadar is an Iraqi city located 80 km southwest of Mosul. It is believed that the city was founded at the beginning of the 2nd century BC. It currently serves as the administrative center of Al-Hadar District in Nineveh Governorate.

The ancient ruins of Hatra lie 2 km northwest of the modern settlement. The settlement's population and nearby villages greatly shrank by 2012 due to deforestation.

On April 26, 2017, the ruins were recaptured by Iraqi soldiers and PMF militia forces from Islamic State terrorists who had previously captured the area encompassing the ancient city along the course of their illegal occupation of Iraqi territories in early 2014.

Nineveh Governorate
Nineveh Governorate is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul, which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976, it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate.

The region is home to many historical sites including the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, and the ruins of Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was part of the 2nd-century Arab Kingdom of Hatra. An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, where the second largest city, Tal Afar, has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.
Shelby James
Shelby James (born October 29, 1973 in Orlando, Florida United States) was an Amateur American "Old School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1982 to 1990. Starting at age six, it could be said that Shelby James was one of the best racers never to turn pro. From the first year of competition in 1979 he was winning titles. In part due to his large size for his age, he was already 5' 11" by the age of 13 in June 1988 and then 6'1" at 14 years of age, he was one of the most dominatant amateur racers since Richie Anderson (who was also for time larger than normal for his peer group). However, his first love was basketball and always had the intention to become a professional basketball player in the background of his mind. In 1990 after an injury during a race, he quit BMX to pursue that dream.

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Vischer Ferry Nature and Historic Preserve
The Vischer Ferry Nature and Historic Preserve is a 740-acre (3.0 km2) site (including submerged areas) along the Mohawk River in the Town of Clifton Park, New York, near the hamlet of Vischer Ferry. It is owned by the New York State Canal Corporation, but Clifton Park maintains its extensive trail system under a special lease arrangement. The preserve also is known as Vischer Ferry Bird Conservation Area.

The preserve includes an original section of the Erie Canal and towpath, constructed in 1825. The main entrance to the preserve includes an 1862 Whipple Truss Bridge, a design commonly used to cross the Erie Canal.

Numerous migratory bird species and at-risk bird species use the preserve as habitat. Among these species are:

Virginia rail

Green heron

Heron

American bittern

Egrets

Common nighthawk

Rusty blackbird

The preserve also includes an abundance of flora, both native and invasive, from hazelnut to bloodroot to white campion.

Egret
Egrets (/ˈiːɡrəts/ EE-grəts) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build.
Kerr-McGee
The Kerr-McGee Corporation, founded in 1929, was an American energy company involved in oil exploration, production of crude oil, natural gas, perchlorate and uranium mining and milling in various countries. On June 23, 2006, Anadarko Petroleum acquired Kerr-McGee in an all-cash transaction totalling $16.5 billion plus $2.6 billion in debt and all operations moved from their base in Oklahoma, United States. As a result of further acquisitions, most of the former Kerr-McGee is now part of Occidental Petroleum.

General Atomics
General Atomics (GA) is an American energy and defense corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, that specializes in research and technology development in the fields of nuclear energy, unmanned aerial vehicles, and other electromagnetic sensors and systems.

This includes physics research in support of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion energy. It is a primary supplier of the US stockpile stewardship program's laser inertial confinement fusion research, including the National Ignition Facility. It also operates DIII-D, the largest active tokamak in the US. It developed and maintains the TRIGA series of nuclear research reactors.

The company provides research and manufacturing services for unmanned combat aerial vehicles, including its MQ-1 Predator, MQ-1C Gray Eagle, MQ-9 Reaper, and MQ-20 Avenger drones. It also provides airborne sensors, and advanced electric, electronic, wireless, and laser technologies, such as the US Navy's Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System.
Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley (IM) at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships took place on 1 April (heats and final) at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. As the event was over 400 meters in length, no semifinals were held in it and the top 8 swimmers from the preliminary heats advance directly to the single final heat. 50 swimmers were entered in the event, of which 49 swam.

Existing records at the start of the event were:

World record (WR):  4:08.26, Michael Phelps (USA), August 17, 2004 in Athens, Greece

Championship record (CR): 4:09.09, Michael Phelps (USA), Barcelona, Spain (July 27, 2003)

2007 World Aquatics Championships
The 2007 World Aquatics Championships, or the XII FINA World Championships, were held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 March to 1 April 2007. The competition took place at three locations in central Melbourne: the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (diving and water polo), St Kilda Beach (open water), and Rod Laver Arena in a temporary pool christened the Susie O'Neill Pool (synchro and swimming).

A total of 2,158 athletes from 167 nations participated in the 2007 championships. The total number of spectators was more than 215,000, setting a new record attendance for the event. FINA President Mustapha Larfaoui described the competition as "the biggest and best in history."
Land yacht (automobile)
A land yacht is an informal category of large automobiles. While full-size cars are manufactured worldwide to this day, the term is most often used to describe the full-size cars of American origin between 1960 and 1976.

Alongside full-size and luxury four-door sedans, the land yacht term applied to multiple body styles, including two-door notchback sedans, personal luxury cars, coupé, convertibles, and station wagons.

Land yachts are among the largest mass-produced cars manufactured—their size comparable to full-size SUVs.

Notchback
A notchback is a car design with the rear section distinct from the passenger compartment and where the back of the passenger compartment is at an angle to the top of what is typically the rear baggage compartment. Notchback cars have "a trunk whose lid forms a distinct deck." In profile view, the body has a step down from the roof with a downward inclined passenger compartment's rear window to meet an almost horizontal trunk lid extending to the rear of the car.

The category may be characterized as having a three-box design where the trunk volume is less pronounced than the engine and passenger compartments.

Many models of sedans, coupés, or hatchbacks could be classified as notchbacks. However, the category has limited salience outside American car manufacturers, who distinguish the three-box models from other body styles in the same model range. For example, the Chevrolet Vega range included both a notchback coupe and a fastback coupe.
Alexandria Bay, New York
Alexandria Bay is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States, within the town of Alexandria. It is located in the Thousand Islands region of northern New York. The population of the village was 1,078 at the 2010 United States census. It lies near the Thousand Islands Border Crossing  of Canada and the United States.

Jefferson County, New York
Jefferson County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,721. Its county seat is Watertown. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America. It is adjacent to Lake Ontario, southeast from the Canada–US border of Ontario. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The popularity of the area as a summer tourist destination results in a dramatic increase of population during that season.

In 2014, it elected Colleen M. O'Neill as the first woman county sheriff in the state. She had served with the New York State Police for 32 years.

The United States Army's 10th Mountain Division is based at Fort Drum. The base had a total population of nearly 13,000 according to the 2010 census.
Rosegarland, Tasmania
Rosegarland is a rural residential locality in the local government area of Derwent Valley in the South-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of the town of New Norfolk. The 2016 census determined a population of 75 for the state suburb of Rosegarland.

Derwent Valley Council
Derwent Valley Council is a local government body situated in southern-central Tasmania, west of Hobart. Derwent Valley is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 10,290, it includes the localities of Bushy Park, Maydena and Strathgordon, with New Norfolk the major, principal town.
New Rochelle High School
New Rochelle High School (NRHS), a public secondary school in New Rochelle, New York, is part of the City School District of New Rochelle and is the city's sole public high school. Its buildings were designed by the noted architectural firm Guilbert and Betelle and constructed in the French-Gothic style. It opened in 1926 as the Woodrow Wilson Memorial High School, but was renamed as New Rochelle High School.

The school's student body represents 60 countries. It is a two-time Blue Ribbon School and is accredited by the Middle States Association Commission on Secondary Schools. The school is organized into eight learning communities of approximately 400-600 students each.

Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
The Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (also referred to as the Middle States Association or MSA) is an accreditor in the United States. Historically, it has accredited schools in the Mid-Atlantic states region of the Northeastern United States. The peer-based, Philadelphia-based non-profit association was founded in 1887. It is a voluntary organization that performs peer evaluation and regional accreditation of public and private schools (including parochial / religious-owned and independent secular schools).

The association has two commissions, the Middle States Commission on Elementary Schools (MSCES) and Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools (MSCSS). A higher education commission, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), operates completely independently of the other two commissions. MSCSS also accredits some institutions that offer postsecondary education but only those that do not confer academic degrees or offer technical programs.
Philip Brunelle
Philip Brunelle (born July 1, 1943) is an American choral scholar, conductor and organist. He is the founder of VocalEssence. In the course of an international career as a choral and opera conductor Brunelle has been awarded Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit and made an Honorary Member of the Order of the British Empire as well as receiving Hungary's Kodály Medal, the Ohtli medal from Mexico, and Sweden's Royal Order of the Polar Star. He has received honorary doctoral degrees from Gustavus Adolphus College, St. John's University (Collegeville, MN), St. Olaf College, United Theological Seminary, and the University of Minnesota.

Royal Norwegian Order of Merit
The Royal Norwegian Order of Merit (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Fortjenstorden (Bokmål) or Den Kongelege Norske Fortenesteordenen (Nynorsk)) was instituted by King Olav V in 1985.  It is awarded to foreigners,  Norwegian citizens living abroad, Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomats, foreign civil servants in Norway, and Norway's honorary consuls for "outstanding service in the interests of Norway". Its counterpart, the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, is generally only awarded to Norwegian citizens living in Norway.
ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly
The ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly is an Inter-parliamentary institution created to bring together the elected representatives of the European Union (the Members of the European Parliament) and the elected representatives of the African, Caribbean and Pacific states ("ACP countries") that have signed the Cotonou Agreement.

Since the entry into force of the Treaty on European Union and EU enlargement it has acquired a more prominent role. A substantial part of the work of the JPA is directed towards promoting human rights and democracy and the common values of humanity, and this has produced joint commitments undertaken within the framework of the UN conferences.

Treaty of Nice
The Treaty of Nice was signed by European leaders on 26 February 2001 and came into force on 1 February 2003.

It amended the Maastricht Treaty (or the Treaty on European Union) and the Treaty of Rome (or the Treaty establishing the European Community which, before the Maastricht Treaty, was the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community). The Treaty of Nice reformed the institutional structure of the European Union to withstand eastward expansion, a task which was originally intended to have been done by the Amsterdam Treaty, but failed to be addressed at the time.

The entry into force of the treaty was in doubt for a time, after its initial rejection by Irish voters in a referendum in June 2001. This referendum result was reversed in a subsequent referendum held a little over a year later.