hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cunningham's rule
In mathematical optimization, Cunningham's rule (also known as least recently considered rule or round-robin rule) is an algorithmic refinement of the simplex method for linear optimization.

The rule was proposed 1979 by W. H. Cunningham to defeat the deformed hypercube constructions by Klee and Minty et al. (see, e.g. Klee–Minty cube).

Cunningham's rule assigns a cyclic order to the variables and remembers the last variable to enter the basis. The next entering variable is chosen to be the first allowable candidate starting from the last chosen variable and following the given circular order. History-based rules defeat the deformed hypercube constructions because they tend to average out how many times a variable pivots.

It has recently been shown by David Avis and Oliver Friedmann that there is a family of linear programs on which the simplex algorithm equipped with Cunningham's rule requires exponential time.

David Avis
David Michael Avis (born March 20, 1951) is a Canadian and British computer scientist known for his contributions to geometric computations. Avis is a professor in computational geometry and applied mathematics in the School of Computer Science, McGill University, in Montreal. Since 2010, he belongs to Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, School of Informatics, Kyoto University.

Avis received his Ph.D. in 1977 from Stanford University. He has published more than 70 journal papers and articles. Writing with Komei Fukuda, Avis  proposed a reverse-search algorithm for the
vertex enumeration problem; their algorithm generates all of the vertices of a convex polytope.[AF92][AF96]
Wildlife of Qatar
The wildlife of Qatar includes the peninsula's flora and fauna and their natural habitats. The country's terrestrial wildlife includes numerous small nocturnal mammals, a number of reptiles which mainly consist of lizard species, and arthropods. Aquatic animals primarily include fish, shrimp and pearl oysters. The desert and the shoreline form an important resting site for migratory bird species during autumn and spring. Urban and agricultural developments have led to an increase in bird species.

Arabian oryx
The Arabian oryx or white oryx (Oryx leucoryx) is a medium-sized antelope with a distinct shoulder bump, long, straight horns, and a tufted tail. It is a bovid, and the smallest member of the genus Oryx, native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian oryx was extinct in the wild by the early 1970s, but was saved in zoos and private reserves, and was reintroduced into the wild starting in 1980.

In 1986, the Arabian oryx was classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List, and in 2011, it was the first animal to revert to vulnerable status after previously being listed as extinct in the wild. It is listed in CITES Appendix I. In 2016, populations were estimated at 1,220 individuals in the wild, including 850 mature individuals, and 6,000–7,000 in captivity worldwide.
Bazi Bridge
The Bazi Bridge (simplified Chinese: 八字桥; traditional Chinese: 八字橋; pinyin: Bāzì Qiáo) is a stone arch bridge in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. The bridge is named for its shape like the Chinese character "八" ("eight").

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
Filippo Agricola
Filippo Agricola (1776–1857) was an Italian painter of the 19th century, mainly active in Rome.

He was born at Urbino but trained in the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. He became that institution's president in 1843. He also became director of the mosaic factory of the Vatican. He worked mainly in Rome, painting for the churches of  San Onofrio, San Giovanni in Laterano, and San Paolo fuori le Mura. He died during the time he was at work in the latter. He painted the portraits of the Crown Princess of Denmark (1822), and of the Countess Costanza Monti Perticari now found in the Galleria Nazionale d'arte Moderna in Rome.  Agricola also painted a portrait of Lt General Sir Gordon Drummond while Drummond was convalescing in Rome from a gunshot wound received in the War of 1812.

Gordon Drummond
General Sir Gordon Drummond, GCB (27 September 1772 – 10 October 1854) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who was the first official to command the military and the civil government of Canada. As Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, Drummond distinguished himself on the Niagara front in the War of 1812 and later became Governor-General and Administrator of Canada.
Octagon Hall
Octagon Hall is an eight-sided house in Simpson County, Kentucky near Franklin, Kentucky completed around 1860. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It has also been known as the Andrew Jackson Caldwell House after the man who built the house. There is a second contributing building on the property, a detached summer kitchen.

Octagon Hall is located northeast of Franklin, Kentucky on U.S. Route 31W.

Franklin, Kentucky
Franklin is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Simpson County, Kentucky, United States. The county is located on the south central border of the state, and its population was 10,176 at the 2020 census.

Kentucky Downs, formerly known as Dueling Grounds Racetrack (owned by Corey Johnsen & Ray Reid), is located in Franklin on the Kentucky–Tennessee border. Kentucky Downs hosts the Kentucky Cup Turf Festival, a full card of world-class horse racing featuring four major turf stakes. Kentucky Downs also hosts year-round simulcasts for the Kentucky-Tennessee market.
Yukinojo Mori
Masakazu Mori (Japanese: 森 正和), better known by his stage name Yukinojo Mori (森雪之丞, Mori Yukinojō), is a Japanese lyricist, composer and poet who is affiliated with Amuse, Inc. He has written over 2,500 songs for numerous artists such as Kyosuke Himuro, Takuro Yoshida and Junichi Inagaki and theme songs for anime series including Dragon Ball Z and Kinnikuman.

Takuro Yoshida
Takuro Yoshida (吉田 拓郎, Yoshida Takurō) is a Japanese male singer-songwriter. He was born on April 5, 1946, in Okuchi, Kagoshima, and raised in Hiroshima. He made his debut with the single "Imeji no Uta / Mark II" on June 1, 1970. His 1972 recording of "Tabi no Yado" sold over one million copies by September that year, and was awarded a gold disc. He established the record company "For Life Records" with Yosui Inoue, Shigeru Izumiya, and Hitoshi Komuro in 1975. Yoshida is a musician whose songs have been used as theme songs in television series such as Jun (純) , the theme song of Cromartie High School, as well as being covered by another popular artists like Hirakawachi 1-chome (Yoshida's "Natsu Yasumi"), KinKi Kids (Yoshida's "Zenbu Dakishimete").
University of Queensland Art Museum
The University of Queensland Art Museum (stylised as UQ Art Museum) is the art museum and public gallery of the University of Queensland in the James and Mary Emelia Mayne Centre at the St Lucia campus. The University of Queensland Art Collection is now the second largest public art collection in Queensland. The building was formerly known as Mayne Hall.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Kings of the South
Kings of the South is a collaborative album by American rappers Lil' Flip and Z-Ro. It was released on March 29, 2005 via Pay Day/Clover G Records. Production was handled by Price, Mike Dean, Oomp Camp, Lil' Flip and Z-Ro. It features guest appearances from Will-Lean, Point Blank, Trae tha Truth, B.G. Duke, C-Note, Da Black Al Capone and Yukmouth. A sequel, Kingz of the South, Vol. 2, was released on March 29, 2025.

C-Note (rapper)
Courtney Smith (born December 5, 1974), known professionally by his stage name C-Note, is an American rapper from Houston, Texas. He is a member of the Botany Boyz, part of the Screwed Up Click scene first started by DJ Screw.

His first solo album, Third Coast Born, was an underground success, eventually reaching #67 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart. The album was revamped and re-released in 2000, and this also peaked at #91 on the same chart. C-Note has released several albums since then, and made numerous guest appearances (including with Fat Pat, Lil' Flip and Z-Ro). His fourth full-length, Network'n, was released in 2006, and his fifth, Birds Vs Words, in 2016.
Centric Software
Centric Software is a Silicon Valley–based software company headquartered in Campbell, California. The company provides product life-cycle management (PLM) and AI software globally, as well as planning, pricing and market intelligence, product information management, digital asset management, and e-commerce products.

Product lifecycle
In industry, product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its inception through the engineering, design, and manufacture, as well as the service and disposal of manufactured products. PLM integrates people, data, processes, and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprises.
Altisite
Altisite (IMA symbol: Ati) is an exceedingly rare alkaline titanium aluminosilicate chloride mineral with formula Na3K6Ti2Al2Si8O26Cl3, from alkaline pegmatites. It is named after its composition (ALuminium, TItanium, and SIlicon).

The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group C2/m.

Monoclinic crystal system
In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems.  A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in the orthorhombic system. They form a parallelogram prism. Hence two pairs of vectors are perpendicular (meet at right angles), while the third pair makes an angle other than 90°.
1995 Brickyard 400
The 1995 Brickyard 400, the second running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on Saturday August 5, 1995. It was the 19th race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series. The race, contested over 160 laps, was won by Dale Earnhardt driving for Richard Childress. Rusty Wallace driving for Roger Penske finished second and Dale Jarrett driving for Robert Yates finished third.

The popular event returned for a second year, after the tremendous success of the first running. The weekend was expanded by the addition of practice on Wednesday afternoon. Defending race winner Jeff Gordon won the pole position, his first of three Brickyard poles. Rain washed out the second round of qualifying, and threatened to wash out race day as well. After a lengthy delay, the race got started in the late afternoon, and ran well into the evening. Due to the rain delay, the race was not televised live, one of the last NASCAR races not broadcast live.

Sterling Marlin
Sterling Burton Marlin (born June 30, 1957) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the JEGS/CRA All-Stars Tour. He formerly competed in the NASCAR Cup Series, winning the Daytona 500 in 1994 and 1995. He is the son of late NASCAR driver Coo Coo Marlin. He is married to Paula and has a daughter, Sutherlin, a son, Steadman, a former NASCAR Xfinity Series driver, and a grandson Stirlin who races for Sterling in Sterling’s No. 114 Super Late Model. Marlin is a member of the NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers list.
Sutherland, Saskatoon
Sutherland is a mostly residential neighbourhood located in east-central Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It is an older suburban subdivision, composed of a near-even mix of single-family detached houses and multiple-unit apartment and semi-detached dwellings. The neighbourhood is a middle-income area, with an average family income of $51,857, an average dwelling value of $204,213 and a home ownership rate of 43.8%. 
According to MLS data, the average sale price of a home as of 2013 was $288,651. Sutherland was administered as a separate town outside of Saskatoon before being annexed by the city in 1956.

Subdivision (land)
Subdivisions are land that is divided into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop, usually via a plat. The former single piece as a whole is then known as a subdivision. Subdivisions may be simple, involving only a single seller and buyer, or complex, involving large tracts of land divided into many smaller parcels.  If it is used for housing it is typically known as a housing subdivision or housing development, although some developers tend to call these areas communities.

Subdivisions may also be for the purpose of commercial or industrial development, and the results vary from retail shopping malls with independently owned out parcels to industrial parks.
Vijaygad Fort
Vijaygad Fort  /  (Marathi: विजयगड किल्ला) is a fort located 60 km from Chiplun, in Ratnagiri district, of Maharashtra. This fort is located north of the Jaigad Fort on the northern bank of shastri river creek.

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
12 Anathemas of Saint Cyril
The 12 Anathemas of Saint Cyril were propositions that Cyril of Alexandria drew up in his 3rd Letter to Nestorius. Nestorius was outraged and a 'pamphlet war' began between the School of Antioch and School of Alexandria. There were mutual accusations of heresy and the result was that the two sides met at the Council of Ephesus in 431. The late arrival of the delegation from Antioch allowed Cyril to have the anathemas minuted and to see Nestorius condemned and deposed. The 12 Anathemas were the basis of the doctrinal decisions of the council.

Council of Ephesus
The Council of Ephesus was a council of Christian bishops convened in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey) in AD 431 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius II. This third ecumenical council, an effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom, confirmed the original Nicene Creed, and condemned the teachings of Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, who preferred that the Virgin Mary be called Christotokos, "Christ-bearer" over Theotokos, "God-bearer"; in contrast to Cyril of Alexandria who deemed that Theotokos is enough on its own. It met from 22 June to 31 July 431 at the Church of Mary in Ephesus in Anatolia.
Kosolapovo
Kosolapovo (Russian: Косолапово) is a village in Mari-Tureksky District, Mari El Republic, Russia. The village is the center of the Kosolapovsky rural settlement, which oversees 21 other smaller villages.

Mari El
Mari El, officially the Mari El Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is in the European region of the country, along the northern bank of the Volga River, and administratively part of the Volga Federal District. The republic has a population of 696,459 (2010 Census). Yoshkar-Ola is the capital and largest city.

Mari El, one of Russia's ethnic republics, was established for the indigenous Mari people, a Finno-Ugric nation who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama Rivers. The majority of the republic's population are ethnic Russians (52.5%), with a significant Mari minority (40.1%), and smaller minority populations of Tatars and Chuvash. The official languages are Russian and Mari. Mari El is bordered by Nizhny Novgorod Oblast to the west, Kirov Oblast to the north, Tatarstan to the east, and Chuvashia to the south.
Lane Frost
Lane Clyde Frost (October 12, 1963 – July 30, 1989) was an American professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in bull riding, and competed in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA). He was the 1987 PRCA World Champion bull rider. He was also the only rider ever to score a qualified ride on Red Rock, the 1987 PRCA Bucking Bull of the Year.

Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
The Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) is the largest rodeo organization in the world. It sanctions events in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with members from said countries, as well as others. Its championship event is the National Finals Rodeo (NFR). The PRCA is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.
Nissan Sileighty
The Sileighty (シルエイティ) is a fastback automobile based on the Nissan 180SX, a car produced by Nissan based on the Nissan S platform, that replaces the front-end of the 180SX with the one from an S13 Silvia (a modification known as a "front-end swap", i.e. replacing the front section of a car with a different one).

A related model known as the Onevia (ワンビア) is the opposite of the Sileighty created by replacing the front-end of the S13 Silvia with the one from a 180SX, a combination that was never officially offered by Nissan in Japan and other parts of the world except in North America, which was sold as the coupe and convertible version of the 240SX for that region.

Convertible
A convertible or cabriolet (/ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/) is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place. The methods of retracting and storing the roof vary across eras and manufacturers.

A convertible car's design allows an open-air driving experience, with the ability to provide a roof when required. A potential drawback of convertibles is their reduced structural rigidity (requiring significant engineering and modification to counteract the side effects of almost completely removing a car's roof).

The majority of convertible roofs are of a folding construction framework with the actual top made from cloth or other fabric. Other types of convertible roofs include retractable hardtops (often constructed from metal or plastic) and detachable hardtops (where a metal or plastic roof is manually removed and often stored in the trunk).
USS Euryale
USS Euryale (AS-22) was built as the Hawaiian Merchant by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Kearny, New Jersey for the Matson Navigation Company. Hawaiian Merchant was launched 12 April 1941, minutes after sister ship Hawaiian Shipper, and was completed April 1941. Matson intended the ship to join Hawaiian Planter and Hawaiian Shipper in the U.S. Pacific Coast—Australia route. The ship was under United States Army Transportation Corps charter when the United States went to war and came under the control of the War Shipping Administration which allocated the ship to the Army's continued charter until the ship was purchased 15 April 1943 by the United States Navy and commissioned 2 December 1943 as USS Euryale (AS-22), serving as a  submarine tender through the war. Euryale was decommissioned 7 October 1946, going into reserve until 9 August 1972 when she was delivered to the Maritime Administration with immediate sale to American Ship Dismantler, Inc. for disposal.

Kearny, New Jersey
Kearny (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a town in the western part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and a suburb of Newark. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 41,999, an increase of 1,315 (+3.2%) from the 2010 census count of 40,684, which in turn reflected an increase of 171 (+0.4%) from the 40,513 counted in the 2000 census.

Kearny is named after Civil War general Philip Kearny. It began as a township formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1867, from portions of Harrison Township. Portions of the township were taken on July 3, 1895, to form East Newark. Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. The Arlington section of town was named for Arlington Station on the Erie Railroad at the Arlington Mill plant, owned by Arlington Mills of Lawrence, Massachusetts.
Alexander Zuev (basketball)
Alexander Lvovich Zuev (Russian: Александр Львович Зуев, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ˈzu(ɪ̯)ɪf]; born 4 October 1996 in Berezniki) is a Russian basketball player for the Russian 3x3 national team.

He represented Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Berezniki
Berezniki (Russian: Березники́; Komi-Permyak: Кыдззакар; Kydźzakar) is the second-largest city in Perm Krai, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Kama River, in the Ural Mountains with a population of 132,841 as of 2025.
Gundred, Countess of Norfolk
Gundred de Beaumont (died 1200×1206) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman and the founder of Bungay Priory. She was a daughter of Roger de Beaumont, Earl of Warwick, and his wife, Gundred de Warenne. Her first husband was Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk (died 1177), and her second Roger de Glanvill, brother of the Chief Justiciar Ranulf de Glanvill. In the Curia Regis Rolls, she is always referred to as 'Countess Gundred'.

Gundreda de Warenne
Gundreda de Warenne, Countess of Warwick (died before 1184) was an English noblewoman, the wife of Earl Roger (died 1153).  She was the daughter and eldest child of William II, earl Warenne by the Capetian princess Isabel of Vermandois (died c. 1140) daughter of Count Hugh the Great of Vermandois and niece of King Philip I of France.  On the death of her first husband Count Robert of Meulan and Leicester in 1118 Isabel promptly married Earl William II de Warenne (died 1138) and since Gundreda had an infant daughter by 1138 it is most likely she was the eldest child of the marriage.  The Flemish name Gundreda was given her in recollection of her father's mother Gundreda de Warenne (died 1085).
Anterior superior alveolar artery
The anterior superior alveolar artery is one of the two or three superior alveolar arteries. It arises from the infraorbital artery. It passes through the canalis sinuosus. It provides arterial supply the upper incisor and canine teeth as well as the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus.

Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth. In the context of the upper jaw, they are also known as fangs. They can appear more flattened, however, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They developed and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Individuals of most species that develop them normally have four, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most species, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. 
The four canines in humans are the two upper maxillary canines and the two lower mandibular canines.
They are specially prominent in dogs (Canidae), hence the name.