hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poway–Midland Railroad
The Poway–Midland Railroad is a heritage railroad in  Old Poway Park in Poway, California.

The group "Poway–Midland Railroad Volunteers, Inc." operates the railroad and was founded in 1991 as a non-profit organization dedicated to the restoration, operation and maintenance of antique railroad equipment.

Excursions are run each weekend (the 1st and 3rd weekends of each month using a 1907 Baldwin 0-4-0 steam locomotive, except in January or February). The line has 11 total pieces of railroad equipment. This operation is unusual in that it has a track gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge.

The Poway–Midland Railroad is owned by the City of Poway and operated and maintained by the Poway–Midland Railroad Volunteers, Inc.

Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks.

The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct.

Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach.
Corby railway station
Corby railway station serves the town of Corby, in Northamptonshire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway. The current station was opened on 23 February 2009, replacing the original entity which was open between 1879 and 1966; it had reopened temporarily between 1987 and 1990.

Plans for the current station, opposite the original, were approved in late 2007. It opened with just one daily train each way on Mondays to Fridays; a service of hourly trains to and from London began on 27 April 2009, after East Midlands Trains had taken delivery of the additional trains needed for its implementation.

Wellingborough
Wellingborough (/ˈwɛlɪŋbrə/ WEL-ing-brə) is a market town in the North Northamptonshire, Unitary Authority area, England, 65 miles (105 km) from London and 11 miles (18 km) from Northampton, north of the River Nene.

Originally named "Wendelingburgh" (the stronghold of Wændel's people), the Anglo-Saxon settlement is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Wendelburie". The town's market was granted a royal charter in 1201 by King John. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 56,564. The built-up area also includes suburbs Wilby, Great Doddington, Little Irchester, Redhill Grange, Stanton Cross, Waendel View and Glenvale Park.
Erythraean Sea
The Erythraean Sea (Ancient Greek: Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα, Erythrà Thálassa, lit. 'Red Sea') was a former maritime designation that always included the Gulf of Aden, and at times other seas between Arabia Felix and the Horn of Africa. Originally an ancient Greek geographical designation, the term was used throughout Europe until the 18th and 19th centuries. The area referred to by this name frequently extended beyond the Gulf of Aden—as in the famous 1st-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea—to designate all of the present-day Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Indian Ocean as a single maritime area.

Arabia Felix
Arabia Felix (lit. 'Fertile/Happy Arabia'; also Ancient Greek: Εὐδαίμων Ἀραβία, romanized: Eudaímōn Arabía) was the Latin name previously used by geographers to describe South Arabia, or what is now Yemen.
X Man (album)
X Man is an album by drummer Andrew Cyrille. It was recorded in May 1993 at Sear Sound in New York City, and was released by Soul Note in 1994. On the album, Cyrille is joined by flutist James Newton, guitarist Alix Pascal, and bassist Anthony Cox.

Black Saint/Soul Note
Black Saint and Soul Note are two affiliated Italian independent record labels. Since their conception in the 1970s, they have released albums from a variety of influential jazz musicians, particularly in the genre of free jazz.
2020–21 3. Liga
The 2020–21 3. Liga was the 13th season of the 3. Liga. It began on 18 September 2020 and concluded on 22 May 2021. The season was originally scheduled to begin on 24 July 2020 and conclude on 15 May 2021, though this was delayed due to postponement of the previous season as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The fixtures were announced on 20 August 2020.

Dynamo Dresden and Hansa Rostock got promoted directly, while FC Ingolstadt won the promotion play-offs. Originally, SV Meppen, Bayern Munich II, VfB Lübeck and SpVgg Unterhaching were relegated; however, KFC Uerdingen was unable to obtain a 3. Liga license for the 2021–22 season and was therefore relegated, sparing SV Meppen from relegation.

SV Meppen
SV Meppen is a German association football club playing in Meppen, Lower Saxony. The club was founded on 29 November 1912 as Amisia Meppen and joined Männer-Turnverein Meppen on 8 February 1920 to form TuS Meppen 1912. The football branch left TuS Meppen in 1921 to create a separate club called Sport Verein Meppen 1912 e.V.. SV Meppen spent a total of 11 years in the 2. Bundesliga.
An American Dream: The Education of William Bowman
An American Dream: The Education of William Bowman is a 2016 Canadian satirical film, written and directed by Ken Finkleman. Based on Candide, the film stars Jake Croker as William Bowman, a young man who tries his hand at various aspects of American life in the hopes of achieving the mythical American Dream.

The cast includes Diana Bentley, Shiloh Blondel, Jan Caruana, Precious Chong, Noah Davis, Laura de Carteret, Julian De Zotti, Lesley Faulkner, Eddie Guillaume, Jenessa Grant, David Huband, Karen Ivany, Dylan Kamm, Charlie Kerr, Jameson Kraemer, Ron Lea, James McDougall, Derek McGrath, Adrian Nguyen, Joe Pingue, William Poulin, John Ralston, Jessica Rose, Bea Santos, Elias Scoufaras, Teagan Vincze, Jason Weinberg, Lorna Wright and Kate Ziegler in supporting roles.

The film premiered in the Borsos Competition program at the 2016 Whistler Film Festival.

Joe Pingue
Giuseppe Pingue is a Canadian actor and filmmaker. His roles include Captain McDowell in the Prime sci-fi series The Expanse, Aloznzo Bunker in the Netflix Western limited series Godless, Whiff in Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go and Hoyt in the feature film The Book of Eli.
City Press (South Africa)
City Press is a South African news brand that publishes online. Its flagship print edition was distributed nationally on Sunday, and it has a daily newsletter, online platform, and other social media platforms. These include Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. The newspaper is owned by Media24, which is the media arm of Naspers. The last print edition was published on Sunday 22 December 2024. It is now available on News24..

The publication also runs a daily morning newsletter called On a Point of Order, a play on the South African Parliament scene, which frequently sees members of Parliament rising "on a point of order" to protest against something that somebody has said.

Its other newsletters include:

Football Fever, a thrice weekly curation of news and analysis on the beautiful game;

Sundays With City Press, which features all the highlights of the print edition; and

#Trending – The Good Guide, a guide to all the latest culture, entertainment and tech news.

Media24
Media24 is a South African mass media company and a subsidiary of Naspers, a global media and e-commerce group. Headquartered in the Media24 Centre in Cape Town, South Africa, the company operates across digital media, television, book publishing, and print distribution.

Established on 1 August 2000, Media24's origins trace back to the founding of Naspers in 1914. It operates news24, one of SA's largest online news websites by readership.
Samuel D. Philbrook House
The Samuel D. Philbrook House is a historic house at 162 Main Street in Bethel, Maine.  Built in 1878-79 by a local businessman, it is probably the most elaborate Italianate residence in the community, and one of the finest of the type in Oxford County.   It now houses a retail space in the first floor and attached barn, with living space above.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Bethel, Maine
Bethel is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,504 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Bethel and West Bethel. The town is home to Gould Academy, a private preparatory school, and is near the Sunday River ski resort.
20/20 (Canadian TV program)
20/20 is a Canadian half-hour television documentary program which aired on CBC Television between April 22, 1962, and September 24, 1967. 20/20 was broadcast in the daytime in various timeslots. The program featured episodes about life in Canada, and was narrated by Harry Mannis and produced by Thom Benson (1962–63) and Richard Knowles (1963–67).

Daytime television
Daytime is a block of television programming taking place during the late-morning and afternoon on weekdays. Daytime programming is typically scheduled to air between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., following the early morning daypart typically dedicated to morning shows and preceding the evening dayparts that eventually lead into prime time.

The majority of daytime programming is typically targeted towards women (and in particular, housewives). Historically, court shows, game shows, soap operas, & talk shows have been fixtures of daytime programming, although daytime soap operas have seen declines in North America due to changing audiences and viewing habits. This type of daytime programming is typically aired on weekdays; weekend daytime programming is often very different and more varied in nature, and usually focuses more on sports broadcasts.
Tabunian
The Tabunian is a Palaeolithic stone tool industry that is a Near Eastern variant of the Tayacian and Clactonian of Europe. It was excavated in Israel from layer G at the site of Tabun Cave by Dorothy Garrod and layers E, F and G at Umm Qatafa by R. Neuville and later identified as distinct by Francis Clark Howell. The tools of this culture are characterized by a lack of bifaces and use of Levallois technique is absent.

Tabun Cave
The Tabun Cave is an excavated site located at Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve, Israel and is one of the Human Evolution sites at Mount Carmel, which were proclaimed as having universal value by UNESCO in 2012.
Tahtalıkaradut, Musabeyli
Tahtalıkaradut is a village in the Musabeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 1272 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 10 houses inhabited by Turks.

Musabeyli District
Musabeyli District is a district of Kilis Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Musabeyli. The district is mostly populated by Turks but also Kurds, Romani people and Arabs. It had a total population of 12,390 in 2022. Its area is 346 km2.
Oeceoclades cordylinophylla
Oeceoclades cordylinophylla is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is native to Comoros and northern Madagascar. It was first described by the German botanist Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1885 as Eulophia cordylinophylla. It was first transferred to the genus Lissochilus by Joseph Marie Henry Alfred Perrier de la Bâthie in 1941, then to the genus Eulophidium by V.S. Summerhayes in 1957, and later to the genus Oeceoclades in 1976 by Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor. The type specimen was collected from the Comoro Islands by Léon Humblot, but the actual specimen is missing. Garay and Taylor indicated that an herbarium sheet of Humblot's with an unpublished name by Reichenbach appears to align well with the original description. The margins of the column wings of O. cordylinophylla are ciliolate-hirsute, fringed with stiff, minute hairs.

V. S. Summerhayes
Victor Samuel Summerhayes OBE (21 February 1897 – 27 December 1974) was an English botanist in charge of the orchid herbarium at Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew for 39 years.

Summerhayes was born on 21 February 1897 at Street, Somerset and he was educated at Sexey's School, Bruton and University College, London. His time at University was interrupted by World War I, when he served in the Royal Engineers including action at the Battle of the Somme.  In 1920 after being awarded a first-class honours degree, he was awarded the Quain Studentship.

Summerhayes participated in the 1921 Oxford University Spitsbergen expedition, one of the first Oxford Expeditions to Svalbard, together with Julian Huxley and others. He started work at the Herbarium at Kew in 1924.

Summerhayes retired from the Royal Botanical Gardens in 1964 and moved to Sidmouth where he lived until his death in 1974.
Charley Barrett
Charley "Chuck" Barrett (November 3, 1893 – May 21, 1924) was an American football player.  He was the consensus All-American quarterback in 1914 and 1915 while playing for Cornell University and led Cornell to an undefeated season and national championship in 1915.  He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1958.

Bellevue, Pennsylvania
Bellevue is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 8,311 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Pittsburgh, it is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

The borough was incorporated in 1867. There is a public park and library, the Andrew Bayne Memorial Library.
Tommy Ed Roberts
Tommy Ed Roberts (October 19, 1940 – March 1, 2014) was an American politician and businessman. He served in the Alabama House of Representatives and the Alabama Senate.

From Hartselle, Alabama, he graduated from Hartselle High School. Roberts served in the United States Army Reserve and the Alabama National Guard. He attended Jacksonville State University, Rochester Institute of Technology, and University of Oklahoma. He owned a men's clothing store in Decatur, Alabama and was President and CEO of the Morgan County Economic Development Association.

Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in Henrietta, New York, United States, a suburb of Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institutes of technology in New York state, the other being the New York Institute of Technology.

RIT enrolls about 21,000 students, of whom 18,000 are undergraduate and 3,000 are graduate students. These students come from all 50 states in the United States and more than 100 countries. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff. It also has branches abroad in Croatia, Kosovo,  and the United Arab Emirates. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Chiara Petrioli
Chiara Petrioli is an Italian computer scientist whose research interests include mobile computing, wireless networks, sensor networks, and underwater acoustic communication. She is a professor of computer science and engineering at Sapienza University of Rome, and director of the university's Sensor Networks and Embedded Systems (SENSES) Laboratory.

Petrioli was a student at Sapienza University, earning a bachelor's degree and Ph.D. there, before becoming a professor at the same university. She was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2021 class of fellows, "for contributions to wireless and underwater networks". She won the GammaDonna 2022 Award for innovative female entrepreneurship of the Intesa Sanpaolo Innovation Center, for her work with startup company WSense.

Mobile computing
Mobile computing is human–computer interaction in which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage and allow for transmission of data, which can include voice and video transmissions. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software. Communication issues include ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats, and concrete technologies. Hardware includes mobile devices or device components. Mobile software deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications.
Tie Me Down (New Boyz song)
Tie Me Down is a song by American hip hop duo New Boyz. The song is the second single from their debut album Skinny Jeanz and a Mic, and features R&B singer Ray J. Ray J's chorus uses the Auto-Tune effect and there is also usage in the New Boyz' verses. Due to the success of the duo's first single, "You're a Jerk", an EP was released called Tie Me Down: EP via digital download featuring the track and four other songs that would later be included on their debut album.

The song peaked at number twenty-two on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the duo's highest-charting single and second consecutive top thirty hit. It charted at number five and forty-two on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Rap Songs charts. The song fared better as the duo's first entry at pop radio, peaking at twenty-three on the Pop Songs.

The video ranked at #70 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009 countdown.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Parish of Ginninderra
Ginninderra Parish is one of the 54 parishes of Murray County, New South Wales, a cadastral unit for use on land titles. It is now about half the size it was in the nineteenth century, after land in the parish was transferred to the Australian Capital Territory in 1911. It once included what are now the north-western suburbs of Belconnen, as well as Hall and part of Western Gungahlin, including Harcourt Hill in the modern suburb of Nicholls.

Land registration
Land registration is any of various systems by which matters concerning ownership, possession, or other rights in land are formally recorded (usually with a government agency or department) to provide evidence of title, facilitate transactions, and prevent unlawful disposal. The information recorded and the protection provided by land registration varies widely by jurisdiction.

In common law countries, particularly in jurisdictions in the Commonwealth of Nations, when replacing the deeds registration system, title registrations are broadly classified into two basic types: the Torrens title system and the English system, a modified version of the Torrens system.

Cadastral systems and land registration are both types of land recording and complement each other.
Septate junction
Septate junctions are intercellular junctions found in invertebrate epithelial cells, appearing as ladder-like structures under electron microscopy. They are thought to provide structural strength and a barrier to solute diffusion through the intercellular space. They are considered somewhat analogous to the (vertebrate) tight junctions; however, tight and septate junctions are different in many ways. Known insect homologues of tight junction components are components of conserved signalling pathways that localize to either adherens junctions, the subapical complex, or the marginal zone. Recent studies show that septate junctions are also identified in the myelinated nerve fibers of the vertebrates.

Marginal zone
The marginal zone is the region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen. (Some sources consider it to be the part of red pulp which borders on the white pulp, while other sources consider it to be neither red pulp nor white pulp.)

A marginal zone also exists in the lymphoid follicles of lymph nodes.  Those marginal zones contain naive B cells and memory B cells.  In contrast to the marginal zone of the spleen, they are not characterized by containing additional non-recirculating B2 cells.
Headline Pictures
Headline Pictures Limited is an International Emmy-winning British film and television production company founded in 2005 by BAFTA nominee Stewart Mackinnon, former BBC Head of Drama Mark Shivas and screenwriter Kevin Hood. The company is now part of the UGC group.

The company has developed and produced film and television including The Man in the High Castle for Amazon Studios written by X-Files creator Frank Spotnitz; Irish crime series Kin starring Charlie Cox; the feature film Quartet, directed by Dustin Hoffman; and feature film The Invisible Woman directed by Ralph Fiennes.

Frank Spotnitz
Frank Charles Spotnitz (born 1960) is an American television writer and producer. He is best known for his work on the series The X-Files (1995–2002) and its spin-off The Lone Gunmen (2001), and as the developer/creator of The Man in the High Castle (2015–2019), Medici (2016-19), Ransom (2017-19), and Leonardo (2021)

Spotnitz is also the chief executive officer and founder of Big Light Productions, a London- and Paris-based production company, which specializes in international television series, including drama, comedy and documentaries. Spotnitz's career includes creating, writing and producing series with networks, cable, streaming and other broadcast platforms around the world.

Sponitz has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on The X-Files, and won a Canadian Screen Award for creating the CTV comedy-drama series The Indian Detective.
Halle synagogue shooting
The Halle synagogue shooting occurred on 9 October 2019 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and continued in nearby Landsberg. After unsuccessfully trying to enter the synagogue in Halle during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, the attacker, 27-year-old neo-Nazi Stephan Balliet fatally shot two people nearby and later injured two others. Federal investigators called the attack far-right and antisemitic terrorism.

The federal Public Prosecutor General took over the investigation and declared it to be a "violation of Germany's internal security." Balliet was charged with two counts of murder and seven counts of attempted murder. On 10 November 2019, Balliet confessed to the charges before an investigative judge, and in December 2020, he was sentenced to life imprisonment with subsequent preventive detention. Following a thwarted prison escape attempt, which included a hostage taking, Balliet was sentenced to an additional seven years in prison in 2024.

Murder in German law
Under the German penal code, Strafgesetzbuch, there are two sections relating to homicide:

Totschlag, § 212, "killing", is the intentional killing of another human and is punished with five to fifteen years in prison or imprisonment for life in particularly severe cases,

Mord, § 211, "murder", is used only if the case is especially severe, and is punished with life imprisonment ... whoever kills a human being out of murderous intent, to satisfy sexual desires, out of greed or otherwise base motives, insidiously or cruelly, or with means dangerous to the public, or in order to commit or cover up another crime ...
Jochen Asche
Jochen Asche was an East German luger who competed during the 1960s. He won the bronze medal in the men's singles event at the 1962 FIL World Luge Championships in Krynica, Poland. He was an athlete of the Wintersportverein und Bobclub Friedrichroda.

Krynica-Zdrój
Krynica-Zdrój [krɨˈɲit͡sa ˈzdrui̯] (until 31 December 2001 Krynica, Lemko Rusyn: Крениця, Yiddish: קרעניץ) is a town in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It is inhabited by over eleven thousand people. It is the biggest spa town in Poland often called the Pearl of Polish Spas; and a popular tourist and winter sports destination situated in the heart of the Beskids mountain range.