hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Chamberlain (soldier)
Thomas Davee Chamberlain (April 29, 1841 – August 12, 1896) was the Lieutenant Colonel of the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, the brother of Union general Joshua L. Chamberlain, the Colonel of the 20th Maine Infantry.

20th Maine Infantry Regiment
The 20th Maine Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment of the United States Army (Union Army) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), most famous for its defense of Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1–3, 1863.  The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th Maine.
Pułaski
Pułaski (Polish: Pułascy) family was a Polish noble family of the Ślepowron coat of arms. Its most famous member was Casimir Pulaski.

Many of the family members were supporters of the Bar Confederation in the late 18th century.

Ślepowron coat of arms
Ślepowron is a Polish coat of arms. It was used by several szlachta families in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. From the fifteenth century, the descendants of the Ślepowron family began to use names taken from their lands. This led to many different surnames being created within one family, symbolically united under the Korwin (raven) coat of arms, which is thus unique in Polish heraldry. Wawrzęta Korwin de Ślepowron is the oldest known ancestor of the family, although their oral traditions claim descent from Marcus Valerius Corvus, a Roman general.
Lynette Riley
Lynette Riley AO (born 1956) is a professor of Aboriginal Education and Indigenous Studies in the School of Education and Social Work at the University of Sydney. Riley is a Wiradjuri and Gamilaroi woman from Dubbo and Moree. She is known for her promotion of Aboriginal culture, in particular her kinship presentations and the associated online module.

Australian Aboriginal culture
Australian Aboriginal culture includes a number of practices and 
ceremonies centred on a belief in the Dreamtime and other mythology. Reverence and respect for the land and oral traditions are emphasised. The words "law" and "lore", the latter relating to the customs and stories passed down through the generations,  are commonly used interchangeably.  Learned from childhood, lore dictates the rules on how to interact with the land, kinship and community.

Over 300 languages and other groupings have developed a wide range of individual cultures.  Aboriginal art has existed for thousands of years and ranges from ancient rock art to modern watercolour landscapes. Traditional Aboriginal music developed a number of unique instruments, and contemporary Aboriginal music spans many genres. Aboriginal peoples did not develop a system of writing before colonisation, but there was a huge variety of languages, including sign languages.
John Launder
John Launder (1530–1555) was an English Protestant martyr. He was executed in 1555 during a period of religious persecutions in England.

Launder was a husbandman of the parish of Godstone. He was seized with Dirick Carver.

There is a memorial to John Launder in Steyning where he was martyred. The memorial is pictured on the website of Steyning Museum; The event of his martyring has been described as "one of the darkest days in Steyning's 1200 year history."

Godstone
Godstone is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge District of Surrey, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Reigate, 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Oxted, 22 miles (35 km) east of Guildford and 18 miles (29 km) south of London. Close to the North Downs, both the North Downs Way and the Greensand Way pass through Godstone.
Group 2 Rugby League
Group 2 is a rugby league competition on the north coast of New South Wales, Australia. Since 1966, run under the auspices of the Country Rugby League. The Group 2 area runs from Grafton in the north to Macksville in the south. Group 2 teams played for many decades before 1966 when some redistribution, amalgamation or control mechanism presumably changed. Teams on the Nambucca River, namely Bowraville, Macksville and Nambucca Heads played in a southern division against Kempsey, Smithtown, Port Macquarie and Wauchope before 1966.

Country Rugby League
The Country Rugby League of New South Wales (CRL), formed in 1934 and disbanded in 2019, was the governing body for the sport of rugby league football in areas of New South Wales outside the Sydney metropolitan area until it merged with NSW Rugby League in 2019. The CRL was superseded by 6 NSWRL Country Divisions represented by 4 members of the nine-person NSWRL board. Despite its name, the CRL also governed rugby league in the Australian Capital Territory. Apart from selecting a Country Origin side to play in the annual City vs Country Origin game, the CRL administered many senior and junior competitions across the state.
Golden Age (1783 ship)
Golden Age was launched at Havana in 1779, almost certainly under another name. She was taken in prize circa 1783. From late 1783 she sailed from Liverpool as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made four complete voyages. On her third her captives rebelled, but were unsuccessful. A French private frigate captured her in 1793 after she had disembarked her captives from her fifth enslaving voyage. Her captors took her into Philadelphia where she was sold to a French owner who named her Republican, and sailed her to France.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Woden High School
Woden High School is a public high school located in Woden, Texas (USA) and classified as a 2A school by the UIL. It is part of the Woden Independent School District located in south central Nacogdoches County. Woden High School also serves students from the neighboring Etoile Independent School District, which does not have its own high school. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Nacogdoches County, Texas
Nacogdoches County (/ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɪs/ NAK-ə-DOH-chiss) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 64,653. Its county seat is Nacogdoches.

The Nacogdoches, Texas micropolitan statistical area includes all of Nacogdoches County.

Nacogdoches hosts the Blueberry Festival in June. The county is the top blueberry producer in Texas and is headquarters for the Texas Blueberry Marketing Association. It tagged itself as the "Capital of the Texas Forest Country".
Yu Yang (badminton)
Yu Yang (Chinese: 于洋; pinyin: Yú Yáng; born 7 April 1986) is a retired Chinese badminton player specializing in doubles. She is an Olympic Games gold medalist, three time World Champion and four time Asian Champion. Yu was part of the China winning team in four Sudirman Cup, three Uber Cup, two Asian Games, and in a Asia Team Championships.

She graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China.

Sudirman Cup
The Sudirman Cup is an international badminton mixed team competition contested by member countries of the Badminton World Federation, the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1989. It used to be held at the same venue for the World Championships in the same year until the International Badminton Federation, now the BWF, decided to split the two tournaments starting from 2003. There are five matches in every Sudirman Cup tie which consists of men and women's singles, men and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The cup is named after Sudirman (1922–1986), a former Indonesian badminton player. The current champion is China, which won its 14th title at the 2025 tournament in China.

There is no prize money in Sudirman Cup; players play for their respective countries and to earn BWF World Ranking points and national prestige.
Rachel Z
Rachel Carmel Hakim (née Nicolazzo), better known as Rachel Z, is an American jazz and rock pianist and keyboardist. She has recorded 13 albums as a leader and jazz musician. Her musical style, especially her improvisation, has been described as adjacent to Herbie Hancock and McCoy Tyner.

Pino Daniele
Giuseppe "Pino" Daniele (19 March 1955 – 4 January 2015) was an Italian singer-songwriter and musician. His influences covered a wide number of genres, including pop, blues, jazz, and Italian and Middle Eastern music.
Darren Rooney
Darren Rooney is an Irish Gaelic footballer and hurler from County Laois. His dual status makes him most unusual in the modern GAA.

He currently plays for the Parnells club in Dublin. He usually plays at right half back or full back art senior level for the Laois county team and in 2003 was part of the Laois team that won the Leinster Senior Football Championship title for the first time since 1946. Rooney was a member of the Laois minor team that retained the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship in 1997.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
Pornography in Europe
Pornography has been dominated by a few pan-European producers and distributors, the most notable of which is the Private Media Group that successfully claimed the position previously held by Color Climax Corporation in the early 1990s. Most European countries also have local pornography producers, from Portugal (e.g. Naturalvideo) to Albania, who face varying levels of competition with international producers. The legal status of pornography varies widely in Europe; its production and distribution are illegal in countries such as Ukraine, Belarus and Bulgaria, while Hungary has permissive pornography laws.

Softcore pornography
Softcore pornography or softcore porn is commercial still photography, film, imagery, text or audio content that has a pornographic or erotic component but which is less sexually graphic than hardcore pornography, lacking sexual penetration and other sexual activities. It typically contains nude or semi-nude models or actors in suggestive poses or scenes, and is intended to be sexually arousing and beautiful in an aesthetic sense.

The distinction between softcore pornography and erotic photography, or erotic art such as Vargas girl pin-ups, is largely a matter of debate. When the subject is naked, the image must be differentiated from nude art, and photos belong within the broader category of nude photography.
Hugh G. Tilley
Hugh G. Tilley was a state legislator in North Carolina. He represented Granville County in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1887 and 1889, and was a Republican.

Tilley lived in Tally Ho in Granville County, as well as in Oxford.

Granville County, North Carolina
Granville County is a county located on the northern border of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,992. Its county seat is Oxford. The county has access to Kerr Lake and Falls Lake and is part of the Roanoke, Tar and Neuse River watersheds.
Julius Wagner (athlete)
Bruno Julius Wagner (12 October 1882 – 2 March 1952) was a German athlete and gymnast who competed for Germany and Switzerland in the Olympic Games.

In 1906 he competed for Germany at the Intercalated Olympic Games, winning a team gold medal in tug of war and participating in seven athletics events and three gymnastics events. Representing Switzerland, he competed in the men's hammer throw at the 1908 Summer Olympics and the men's pentathlon at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 1906 Intercalated Games
At the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens, 21 competitive events in athletics were held. A total of 65 medals (21 gold, 23 silver, 21 bronze) were awarded. Now called the Intercalated Games, the 1906 Games are no longer considered as an official Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

The marathon distance was 41.775 km according to a contemporary Greek newspaper. The pentathlon event in the 1906 Games consisted of a standing long jump, discus throw (ancient style), javelin throw, 192 metre run, and a Greco-Roman wrestling match. A stone throw was held with a 6.4 kg weight.
Sky Sports F1
Sky Sports F1 is a British pay television sports channel owned by Sky Group. Part of the Sky Sports networks, it primarily broadcasts coverage of the Formula One championship, including live coverage of all practices, qualifying sessions, and races, as well as studio programmes and archive content. The channel also carries coverage of other open-wheel motorsports competitions outside of F1, including the Formula 2 championship and the United States' IndyCar Series.

The channel was established in 2012 as part of Sky's acquisition of rights to Formula One in the UK and Ireland, a contract that has since been renewed through 2029. Sky's F1 coverage has also been syndicated to broadcasters in Canada and the United States. Since Sky's acquisition of the rights, a free-to-air package of highlights and selected live races have also been sub-licensed to a free-to-air network, currently Channel 4.

Alex Brundle
Alexander Brundle (born 7 August 1990) is a British racing driver and broadcaster. He was the 2016 European Le Mans Series champion (LMP3) and is the son of Formula One driver-turned-commentator Martin Brundle.
Cassano d'Adda
Cassano d'Adda (Milanese: Cassan su l'Adda; Bergamasque: Cassà) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, Lombardy, Italy, located on the right side of the Adda River. It is on the border of the Metropolitan City of Milan and the province of Bergamo. It is served by Cassano d'Adda railway station.

Province of Bergamo
The province of Bergamo (Italian: provincia di Bergamo; Bergamasque: proìnsa de Bèrghem) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Bergamo. The province has a population of 1,103,768 (2023), an area of 2,754.91 square kilometers (1,063.68 sq mi), and contains 242 comuni (municipalities).
PDGFA
Platelet-derived growth factor subunit A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDGFA gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor family. The four members of this family are mitogenic factors for cells of mesenchymal origin and are characterized by a motif of eight cysteines. This gene product can exist either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide, where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds. Studies using knockout mice have shown cellular defects in oligodendrocytes, alveolar smooth muscle cells, and Leydig cells in the testis; knockout mice die either as embryos or shortly after birth. Two splice variants have been identified for this gene.

Leydig cell
Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH). They are polyhedral in shape and have a large, prominent nucleus, an eosinophilic cytoplasm, and numerous lipid-filled vesicles. Males have two types of Leydig cells that appear in two distinct stages of development: the fetal type and the adult type.
Toyger
The toyger is a breed of domestic cat, the result of breeding domestic short-haired tabbies (beginning in the 1980s) to make them resemble a "toy tiger", as its striped coat is reminiscent of the tiger's. The breed's creator, Judy Sugden, has stated that the breed was developed in order to inspire people to care about the conservation of tigers in the wild. It was recognized for "registration only" by The International Cat Association in the early 2000s, and advanced through all requirements to be accepted as a full championship breed in May 2007. The Toyger Cat Society database lists 30 active Toyger breeders as of 2024.

In 2020, 469 toygers are registered on the Pawpeds Database, and kittens were stated to cost up to $5,000.

Tiger conservation
Tiger conservation attempts to prevent tigers from becoming extinct and preserving its natural habitat. This is one of the main objectives of the international animal conservation community. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has played a crucial role in improving international efforts for tiger conservation.
Aneta Germanova
Aneta Germanova (Bulgarian: Анета Германова, born 3 January 1975) is a retired Bulgarian female volleyballer who played on the Bulgaria women's national volleyball team for the 1998 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan and 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany, and for Olympiacos in the 2006-07 season.

Bulgaria women's national volleyball team
The Bulgaria women's national volleyball team represents Bulgaria in international women's volleyball competitions and is controlled by the Bulgarian Volleyball Federation. The team's successes includes winning the Balkan Championship in 1982, and runners-up at the 1970 Summer Universidade along with bronze at the 1980 Summer Olympics. The national team's biggest success came in 1981, winning the European title at home in Sofia.
Mentor Huebner
Mentor Huebner (July 19, 1917 - March 19, 2001) was a leading Hollywood production illustrator who did storyboards, production art and creative concepts for more than 250 films, including King Kong (1976), Blade Runner (1982) and Francis Ford Coppola's Dracula (1992).

His early work was uncredited on Fiddler on the Roof (1971), The Time Machine (1960), Ben-Hur (1959), North by Northwest (1959), Forbidden Planet (1956), Quo Vadis (1951) and Strangers on a Train (1951).

As a fine artist, Huebner painted landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes and portraits, creating some 2000 paintings and exhibiting in 50 one-man shows. He also taught art as an instructor at Chouinard Art Institute.

Storyboard
A storyboard is a graphic organizer that consists of simple illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence. The storyboarding process, in the form it is known today, was developed at Walt Disney Productions during the early 1930s, after several years of similar processes being in use at Walt Disney and other animation studios.
Emmons School District 33
Emmons School District 33 is a K-8 school district located in the central region of the village Antioch, which is, in turn, located in Lake County, Illinois. There is one school located in Emmons School District 33, which serves all grades from kindergarten to eight, and encompasses a kindergarten program: it is known as Emmons Grade School, alternatively known as Emmons Elementary School or simply Emmons School. The principal/superintendent as of September 2019 is Dr. Janean Friedman; the mascot of the school and district is the raider.

Antioch, Illinois
Antioch is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,622. The village is nestled into the Chain O'Lakes waterway system and borders the state of Wisconsin. Part of the Chicago metropolitan area, Antioch is located approximately halfway between the major cities of Chicago (60 miles south) and Milwaukee (50 miles north).
2007–08 Harty Cup
The 2007–08 Harty Cup was the 88th staging of the Harty Cup since its establishment in hurling by the Munster Council of Gaelic Athletic Association in 1918.

De La Salle College Waterford were the defending champions.

The final was played on 8 March 2008 at Leahy Park in Cashel, between De La Salle College Waterford and Thurles CBS, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. De La Salle College won the match by 1–11 to 0–07 to claim their second consecutive Harty Cup title.

CBS Thurles
CBS Thurles is a Christian Brothers all-boys post-primary school located in Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland. The school has over 550 students and operates under the trusteeship of Edmund Rice Schools Trust (ERST).
Fergus Tuohy
Fergus Tuohy (born 1969) is an Irish hurling manager and former player. At club level he played with Clarecastle and at inter-county level with the Clare senior hurling team. Tuohy later served as a manager and selector.

1997 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1997 (known for sponsorship reasons as the Guinness Hurling Championship 1997) was the 111th staging of Ireland's premier hurling competition.  Clare won the championship, beating Tipperary 0–20 to 2–13  in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.
Hideaki Sorachi
Hideaki Sorachi (空知 英秋, Sorachi Hideaki; born May 25, 1979) is the pen name of a Japanese manga artist, most well known for his manga Gintama, which began serialization in 2003 and ended in 2019. He has also written numerous one-shots, including Dandelion, for which he won the Tenkaichi Honourable Mention Manga Award in 2002. Sorachi's distinctive sense of humour and writing style has been the subject of academic research papers. As of February 2018, the Gintama manga has sold 55 million units in Japan.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Margaret Hawkins
Margaret Briggs Gregory Hawkins (August 5, 1877 – April 8, 1969), worked as a schoolteacher and later became known for her activism on behalf of African Americans and women. She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 2021.

National Association of Colored Women's Clubs
The National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) is an American organization that was formed in July 1896 at the First Annual Convention of the National Federation of Afro-American Women in Washington, D.C., United States, by a merger of the National Federation of Afro-American Women, the Woman's Era Club of Boston, and the Colored Women's League of Washington, DC, at the call of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin. From 1896 to 1904 it was known as the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). It adopted the motto "Lifting as we climb", to demonstrate to "an ignorant and suspicious world that our aims and interests are identical with those of all good aspiring women." When incorporated in 1904, NACW became known as the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC).