hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Warrington Earle School
The Charles Warrington Earle School is a historic school building at 6121 S. Hermitage Avenue in the West Englewood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Opened in 1897, the school was one of many built to serve Chicago's growing student population in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a result of compulsory education laws and an influx of European immigrants to the city. School board architect William August Fiedler designed the Renaissance Revival school; his plan was typical of Progressive Era school designs, which focused on improving the layout, lighting, and ventilation of schools. Though the school was built to serve six hundred students, settlement in West Englewood outpaced its capacity, and in 1900 the school board doubled the school's size with an addition. The school served Chicago students for over a century before closing along with over fifty other public schools in 2013.

The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 15, 2021.

West Englewood, Chicago
West Englewood, one of the 77 community areas, is on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois. At one time it was known as South Lynne. The boundaries of West Englewood are  Garfield Blvd to the north,  Racine Ave to the east, the CSX and Norfolk Southern railroad tracks to the west, and the Belt Railway of Chicago to the south. Though it is a separate community area, much of the history and culture of the neighborhood is linked directly to the Englewood neighborhood.
Unión Peruana de Productores Fonográficos
The Unión Peruana de Productores Fonográficos (UNIMPRO) (English: Peruvian Union of Phonograph Producers) is a non-profit organization and industry trade group integrated by multinational and national record companies in Peru composed of various Peruvian corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 2001 and it serves as the affiliate member of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) in the country since 2012 and also serves as the national ISRC agency. It is one of the three collective societies in Perú along with Asociación Peruana de Autores y Compositores (APDAYC) and Sociedad Nacional de Intérpretes y Ejecutantes de la Música (SONIEM).

International Standard Recording Code
The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) is an international standard code for uniquely identifying sound recordings and music video recordings. The code was developed by the recording industry in conjunction with the ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 (TC 46/SC 9), which codified the standard as ISO 3901 in 1986, and updated it in 2001.

An ISRC identifies a particular recording, not the work (composition and lyrical content) itself. Therefore, different recordings, edits, and remixes of the same work should each have their own ISRC. Works are identified by ISWC. Recordings remastered or revised in other ways are usually assigned a new ISRC.
Burning Ship fractal
The Burning Ship fractal, first described and created by Michael Michelitsch and Otto E. Rössler in 1992, is generated by iterating the function:

in the complex plane  which will either escape or remain bounded. The difference between this calculation and that for the Mandelbrot set is that the real and imaginary components are set to their respective absolute values before squaring at each iteration. The mapping is non-analytic because its real and imaginary parts do not obey the Cauchy–Riemann equations.

Virtually all images of the Burning Ship fractal are reflected vertically for aesthetic purposes, and some are also reflected horizontally.

Otto Rössler
Otto Eberhard Rössler (born 20 May 1940) is a German biochemist known for his work on chaos theory and the theoretical equation known as the Rössler attractor. He is best known to the general public for his involvement in a failed lawsuit to halt the Large Hadron Collider due to fears that it would generate mini black holes.
1996–97 B Group
The 1996–97 B Group was the 41st season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system. A total of 18 teams contested the league.

Litex Lovech, Olimpik Galata and Metalurg Pernik were promoted to Bulgarian A Group. Lokomotiv Ruse, Parva Atomna Kozloduy, Spartak Plovdiv, Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa, Chirpan and Hebar Pazardzhik were relegated.

FC Hebar Pazardzhik
FC Hebar (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб Хебър) is a Bulgarian professional football club based in Pazardzhik. The club currently competes in the Second League, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system.

Founded in 1918, Hebar has played at their current home ground, Stadion Georgi Benkovski, since 1989. Hebar has played a total of five seasons in the top level of Bulgarian football, most recently in 2024-25. In 2001, despite finishing ninth in the A Group that season (club’s highest finish), the owners of the club moved the assets of the club to Petrich, reforming Belasitsa Petrich. Fans from Pazardzhik re-founded the club the same year, starting from the amateur levels.
Kurt Albert
Kurt Albert (January 28, 1954 – September 28, 2010)  was a German climber and photographer. He started climbing at the age of 14. Before he committed himself to a career of climbing in 1986, he was a mathematics and physics teacher.

Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders) to small boulders. Climbing is done for locomotion, sporting recreation, for competition, and is also done in trades that rely on ascension, such as construction and military operations. Climbing is done indoors and outdoors, on natural surfaces (e.g. rock climbing and ice climbing), and on artificial surfaces (e.g. climbing walls and climbing gyms).
Calderstones (Liverpool ward)
53°23′02.1″N 2°53′34.1″W﻿ / ﻿53.383917°N 2.892806°W﻿ / 53.383917; -2.892806

Calderstones ward is an electoral district of Liverpool City Council within the Liverpool Garston Parliamentary constituency.

The ward was created for the elections held on 4 May 2023 following a 2022 review by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England, which decided that the previous 30 wards each represented by three Councillors should be replaced by 64 wards represented by 85 councillors with varying representation by one, two or three councillors per ward. The Calderstones ward was created as a single-member ward from the eastern half of the former Church ward with a small section of the former Woolton ward. The ward boundaries follow Queens Drive, Woolton Road, Aldbourne Avenue, Beaconsfield Road, Yew Tree Road and Allerton Road. The ward is named for and includes Calderstones Park.

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Forest City, New Brunswick
Forest City (2001 pop.: 12) is a rural community in York County, New Brunswick, Canada.

The community has the unusual distinction of sharing its name with the community of Forest City immediately across the Canada–United States border in the state of Maine, connected by the Forest City Border Crossing.

Forest City was once home to 1,000 residents, where its proximity to the waters of East Grand Lake and the softwood forests of the upper St. Croix River watershed provided a lucrative tanning industry that supported an active economy. Remnants of industry can still be found today.

The community houses a Baptist church, cemetery, and a small water control dam.

Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.

Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather. An alternative method, developed in the 1800s, is chrome tanning, where chromium salts are used instead of natural tannins.
USS Spadefish (SSN-668)
USS Spadefish (SSN-668), a Sturgeon-class submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the spadefish, a spiny-finned fish found in coastal waters of the western Atlantic from Cuba to Cape Cod.

Home port
A vessel's home port is the port at which it is based, which may not be the same as its port of registry shown on its registration documents and lettered on the stern of the ship's hull. In the cruise industry the term "home port" is also often used in reference to the port in which a ship will take on/change over most of its passengers while taking on stores, supplies and fuel.
Ezekiel 28
Ezekiel 28 is the twenty-eighth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains a prophecy against the king of Tyre and a prophecy against neighbouring Sidon, concluding with a promise that Israel will be "delivered from the nations".

Kohen
Kohen (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן, romanized: kōhēn, pronounced [koˈ(h)en]; pl. כֹּהֲנִים, kōhănīm, [ko(h)aˈnim]) is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. They are traditionally believed, and halakhically required, to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also Aharon), brother of Moses, and thus belong to the Tribe of Levi.

During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem (and previously the Tabernacle), kohanim performed the Temple sacrificial offerings, which were only permitted to be offered by them. Following its destruction, it seems that most of them joined the Synagogal Jewish movement before adopting gradually Rabbinic Judaism, other types of Judaism, Christianity or Islam. Today, kohanim retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism, including certain honors and restrictions.

In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders.
WQPD (FM)
WQPD (100.1 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting an urban gospel music format. Licensed to Lake City, South Carolina, United States, the station serves the Florence area. The station is currently owned by Cumulus Media. WQPD began simulcasting sister WBZF in Hartsville to give more coverage to the Florence, SC area.

Urban contemporary gospel
Urban/contemporary gospel, also known as urban gospel music, urban gospel pop, or just simply urban gospel, is a modern subgenre of gospel music. Although the style developed gradually, early forms are generally dated to the 1970s, and the genre was well established by the end of the 1980s. The radio format is pitched primarily to African-Americans. Christian hip hop can be considered a subtype of this genre.
Chicken, Alaska
Chicken is a U.S. census-designated place in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska. It is a community founded on gold mining, and is one of the few surviving gold rush towns in Alaska. The population was 12 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 7 in 2010. Due to mining, Chicken's population peaks during the summer. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

Place names considered unusual
Place names considered unusual can include those which are also offensive words, inadvertently humorous (especially if mispronounced) or highly charged words, as well as place names of unorthodox spelling and pronunciation, including especially short or long names. These names often have an unintended effect or double-meaning when read by someone who speaks another language.
Thomas Prestwood
Thomas Prestwood (c. 1570 – 1655) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1628 to 1629.

Prestwood was the son of George Prestwood of Whetcombe, Devon. He matriculated at Broadgates Hall, Oxford on 18 March 1608, aged 15 and was awarded BA on 6 November 1610. He was a student of Middle Temple in 1611. In 1628, he was elected member of parliament for Totnes and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

Pembroke College, Oxford
Pembroke College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is located on Pembroke Square, Oxford. The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England and VI of Scotland, using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale, and was named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University.

Like many Oxford colleges, Pembroke previously accepted men only, admitting its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979. As of 2020, Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.9 million. Pembroke College provides almost the full range of study available at Oxford University.

A former Senior President of Tribunals and Lord Justice of Appeal, Sir Ernest Ryder, has held the post of Master of Pembroke since 2020.
Elsinore Trough
The Elsinore Trough is a graben rift valley in Riverside County, southern California. It is created by the Elsinore Fault Zone.

It is located between the Santa Ana Mountains to the west, and the Temescal Mountains of the Perris Block and the Temecula Basin to the east.

This graben valley is broken into a series of sections by transverse faults. These smaller graben valleys are the Temescal Valley, Elsinore Valley, Temecula Valley and Wolf Valley.

The cities of Corona, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, Temecula, and Wildomar; the census-designated place of Temescal Valley; and the Reservation of the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians are located in the Elsinore Trough.

Pechanga Band of Indians
The Pechanga Band of Indians, also known as Payómkawichum (the People of the West), stand as 1 of 6 federally recognized tribes of Luiseño Indians, currently located in Riverside County, California. The modern understanding of the tribe, Pechanga, meaning "the place where water drips," comes from the displacement of the tribe during their eviction from Temecula in 1875, resulting in movement towards a secluded valley near a spring called Pecháa'a (pechaq for "to drip").
Kolky, Rivne Oblast
Kolky (Ukrainian: Колки) is a village in Sarny Raion, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine, but was formerly administered within Dubrovytsia Raion. As of the year 2001, the community had 1913 residents. The village's postal code is 34144, and the KOATUU code is 5621883401.

Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast (Ukrainian: Рівненська область, romanized: Rívnensʹka óblastʹ), also referred to as Rivnenshchyna (Ukrainian: Рівненщина, romanized: Rívnenščyna), is an oblast in northwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The surface area of the region is 20,100 square kilometres (7,800 mi2). Its population is: 1,141,784 (2022 estimate).

Before its annexation by the Soviet Union during World War II, the region was part of the Second Polish Republic's Wołyń Voivodeship following the Polish–Soviet War. Previously it was part of the Volhynian Governorate.

The Rivne Nuclear Power Plant is located in the oblast, near the city of Varash.
Sidgwick
Sidgwick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Sidgwick (1850–1943), logician and philosopher at Owens College in Manchester, husband of Cecily Sidgwick

Arthur Sidgwick (1840–1920), English classical scholar and schoolteacher

Arthur Hugh Sidgwick (1882–1917), British educationist, poet and essayist

Cecily Sidgwick (1854–1934), British novelist who wrote under the name Mrs Alfred Sidgwick

Eleanor Sidgwick (1845–1936), English activist for higher education of women

Frank Sidgwick (1879-1939), British publisher and novelist, co-founder of Sidgwick & Jackson

Henry Sidgwick (1838–1900), English philosopher and economist

Mary Sidgwick Benson (1841–1918), English hostess, wife of Edward Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury

Nevil Sidgwick (1873–1952), English theoretical chemist

Robert Sidgwick (1851–1934), English cricketer

Rose Sidgwick (1877–1918), British university teacher, co-founder of International Federation of University Women

Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick
Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick (née Balfour; 11 March 1845 – 10 February 1936) was a physics researcher assisting Lord Rayleigh, an activist for the higher education of women, Principal of Newnham College of the University of Cambridge, and a leading figure in the Society for Psychical Research.
Úyanga Bold
Uyanga Boldbaatar, known professionally as Úyanga Bold and Éla Eko or Ella Ekko, is a vocalist from Mongolia, known for her work on cinema and video game soundtracks, including the 2020 film Mulan and Motherland: Fort Salem television series. She studied singing at Berklee College of Music and received a bachelor's degree in Vocal Performance.

Motherland: Fort Salem
Motherland: Fort Salem is an American supernatural drama television series created by Eliot Laurence that premiered on Freeform on March 18, 2020. The series stars Taylor Hickson as Raelle Collar, Jessica Sutton as Tally Craven, and Ashley Nicole Williams as Abigail Bellweather, three witches conscripted into the U.S. Army. In August 2021, the series was renewed for a third and final season which premiered on June 21, 2022, and concluded on August 23, 2022.
Alexander Ludwig (footballer, born 1993)
Alexander Ludwig (born 30 June 1993) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Danish 1st Division club AC Horsens.

After playing in the youth academies of various clubs in the Copenhagen area, Ludwig made his senior debut for FC Midtjylland in 2011. He would then go on to become a regular starter for Vendsyssel and HB Køge in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of the Danish football league system, before returning to top tier football at AC Horsens in 2017. Strong performances led to him being picked up by Odense Boldklub, but after a disappointing season where he was benched after suffering a knee injury halfway through the season, Ludwig returned to Horsens in August 2019.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Glagolitic Mass
The Glagolitic Mass (Czech: Glagolská mše, Church Slavonic: Mša glagolskaja; also called Missa Glagolitica or Slavonic Mass) is a composition for soloists (soprano, contralto, tenor, bass), double chorus, organ and orchestra by Leoš Janáček. Janáček completed the work in 1926.  It received its premiere by the Brno Arts Society, conducted by Jaroslav Kvapil, in Brno on 5 December 1927. Janáček revised the mass the next year. The first UK performance was given at the Norwich Festival on 23 October 1930, conducted by Henry Wood.

The Glagolitic alphabet was an early Slavic alphabet, the predecessor of the modern Cyrillic alphabet. In Croatia, the Catholic Church gave permission for the Roman Rite liturgical Mass to be celebrated in Old Church Slavonic at a time when such liturgies were typically only permitted to be in Latin, resulting in the Glagolitic Use Mass.

Contralto
A contralto (Italian pronunciation: [konˈtralto]) is a classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest of their voice types.

The contralto voice type is fairly rare. A contralto's range is similar to that of a mezzo-soprano, and almost identical to that of a countertenor – typically from the F below middle C (F3 in scientific pitch notation) to the second F above middle C (F5), although, at the extremes, some voices can reach the D below middle C (D3) or the second B♭ above middle C (B♭5). The contralto voice type includes coloratura, lyric, and dramatic contraltos.
Littlewood–Paley theory
In harmonic analysis, a field within mathematics, Littlewood–Paley theory is a theoretical framework used to extend certain results about L2 functions to Lp functions for 1 < p < ∞. It is typically used as a substitute for orthogonality arguments which only apply to Lp functions when p = 2. One implementation involves studying a function by decomposing it in terms of functions with localized frequencies, and using the Littlewood–Paley g-function to compare it with its Poisson integral. The 1-variable case was originated by J. E. Littlewood and R. Paley (1931, 1937, 1938) and  developed further by Polish mathematicians A. Zygmund and J. Marcinkiewicz  in the 1930s using complex function theory (Zygmund 2002, chapters XIV, XV). E. M. Stein later extended the theory to higher dimensions using real variable techniques.

Antoni Zygmund
Antoni Zygmund Polish pronunciation: [anˈtɔɲi ˈzɘgmunt] (December 26, 1900 – May 30, 1992) was a Polish-American mathematician. He worked mostly in the area of mathematical analysis, including harmonic analysis, and he is considered one of the greatest analysts of the 20th century. Zygmund was responsible for creating the Chicago school of mathematical analysis together with his doctoral student Alberto Calderón, for which he was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1986.
Evaluation and Program Planning
Evaluation and Program Planning is a bimonthly peer-reviewed multidisciplinary social science journal covering program evaluation. It was established in 1974 by Jonathan A. Morell and Eugenie Walsh Flaherty and originally published by Pergamon Press. It is currently published by Elsevier (which acquired Pergamon Press) and the editor-in-chief is Mita Marra (University of Naples Federico II). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 1.240.

Pergamon Press
Pergamon Press was an Oxford-based publishing house, founded by Paul Rosbaud and Robert Maxwell, that published scientific and medical books and journals. Originally called Butterworth-Springer, it is now an imprint of Elsevier.
Fenestraja plutonia
Fenestraja plutonia is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Gurgesiellidae. It is commonly known as the underworld windowskate or Pluto pygmy skate. The underworld windowskate is known from patches of continental slope in the western Atlantic Ocean between the coasts of the southern United States and Suriname.

Continental margin
A continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters. The continental margin consists of three different features: the continental rise, the continental slope, and the continental shelf. It is one of the three major zones of the ocean floor, the other two being deep-ocean basins and mid-ocean ridges. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area.
Amphelarctia
Amphelarctia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae described by Allan Watson in 1975. Its single species, Amphelarctia priscilla, was first described by William Schaus in 1911. It is found in French Guiana, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname and Costa Rica.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.