hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R. Tyrrell Rockafellar
Ralph Tyrrell Rockafellar (born February 10, 1935) is an American mathematician and one of the leading scholars in optimization theory and related fields of analysis and combinatorics. He is the author of four major books including the landmark text "Convex Analysis" (1970), which has been cited more than 27,000 times according to Google Scholar and remains the standard reference on the subject, and "Variational Analysis" (1998, with Roger J-B  Wets) for which the authors received the Frederick W. Lanchester Prize from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).

He is professor emeritus at the departments of mathematics and applied mathematics at the University of Washington, Seattle.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Goodnight Mister Tom
Goodnight Mister Tom is a children's novel by English author Michelle Magorian, published by Kestrel in 1981. Harper & Row published an American edition the same year. Set during World War II, it features a boy abused at home in London who is evacuated to the country at the outbreak of the war. In the care of Mister Tom, an elderly recluse, he experiences a new life of loving and care.

Magorian and Mister Tom won the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, judged by a panel of British children's writers. She was also a commended runner-up for the Carnegie Medal from the British librarians, recognising the year's best English-language children's book published in the UK.

The novel has been adapted as a stage musical and as the film Goodnight Mister Tom (1998). In 2003, it was listed at #49 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. The most recent theatrical adaptation, Goodnight Mister Tom, won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment.

Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins, based in New York City. Founded in New York in 1817 by James Harper and his brother John, the company operated as J. & J. Harper until 1833, when it changed its name to Harper & Brothers, reflecting the inclusion of Joseph and Fletcher Harper. Harper began publishing Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and other periodicals beginning in the 1850s. From 1962 to 1990, the company was known as Harper & Row after its merger with Row, Peterson & Company. Harper & Row was purchased in 1987 by News Corporation and combined with William Collins, Sons, its United Kingdom counterpart, in 1990 to form HarperCollins, although the Harper name has been used in its place since 2007.
Joe Hanly
Joe Hanly (5 May 1925 – 6 August 1996) was an Irish rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics. The Hanly Medal, awarded by the Old Collegians Boat Club, was named after him.

Rowing at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics took place at Henley-on-Thames, near London. It was held from 5 to 9 August. There were 12 boats (108 competitors) from 12 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United States, the nation's sixth consecutive and eighth overall gold medal in the men's eight; the Americans had won every time they competed (missing 1908 and 1912). Great Britain, the only other nation to have won in the event, finished second for its first medal in the event since 1928. Norway took bronze, its first medal in the men's eight since 1920.
Leica T (Typ 701)
The Leica T (Typ 701) is a  digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera announced by Leica Camera on April 24, 2014. It is the first camera using the Leica L-Mount  (previously known as the T mount), and was announced alongside two new lenses for that mount, a 23 mm f/2 prime and an 18–56 mm f/3.5–5.6 zoom, as well as an adapter for Leica M lenses.

In 2017 the successor Leica TL2 was introduced. It uses a 24 MP-sensor and has an internal memory of 32 GB.

Leica M mount
The Leica M mount is a camera lens mount introduced in 1954 with the Leica M3, and a range of lenses. It has been used on all the Leica M-series cameras and certain accessories (e.g. Visoflex reflex viewing attachment) up to the current film Leica M-A and digital Leica M11 cameras.

This lens mount has also been used by Epson, Ricoh, Minolta, Konica, Cosina Voigtländer, Rollei, Carl Zeiss AG and Rollei Fototechnic on some of their cameras.
Dan Crummell
Dan Crummell is a Canadian politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, who represented the district of St. John's West in Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2011 to 2015, as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. In a 1995 by-election and the 1996 provincial election, Crummell was the Progressive Conservative candidate in the district of Gander.

St. John's West (provincial electoral district)
St. John's West is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 2011, there were 7,741 eligible voters living within the district.

The district is largely residential and middle class and includes the Cowan Heights area. Prior to 1956, the district was larger and elected two MHAs.

The district is represented by Keith White. It was previously held by Cabinet Minister Siobhan Coady.

From 1949 to 1975, it elected two MHAs through Block voting. Since 1975 it has elected a single MHA through First past the post.
Raúl Porras Barrenechea
Raúl Porras Barrenechea (23 March 1897 – 27 September 1960) was a Peruvian diplomat, historian and politician. He was president of the Senate in 1957. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1958 and 1960. A well-known figure of the student movement in San Marcos in the early 20th century, Porras became one of the most prominent Hispanist historians of his generation and a leading figure of the Peruvian diplomacy.

Hispanism
Hispanism (sometimes referred to as Hispanic studies or Spanish studies) is the study of the literature and culture of the Spanish-speaking world, principally that of Spain and Hispanic America. It may also entail studying Spanish language and cultural history in the United States and in other presently or formerly Spanish-speaking countries in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, such as Equatorial Guinea and the former Spanish East Indies.

A hispanist is a scholar specializing in Hispanicism. It was used in an article by Miguel de Unamuno in 1908 referring to 'el hispanista italiano Farinelli', and was discussed at length for the U.S. by Hispanist Richard L. Kagan of Johns Hopkins University. The work carried out by Hispanists includes translations of literature and they may specialize in certain genres, authors or historical periods of the Iberian Peninsula and Hispanic America, etc.
Nigel Harper
Nigel W. Harper (born 17 January 1948) is a former English cricketer.  Harper was a right-handed batsman.  He was born in Wigginton, Oxfordshire.

Harper made his debut for Oxfordshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire.  Harper played Minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire from 1970 to 1978 which included 48 Minor Counties Championship matches. He made his List A debut against Cornwall in the 1975 Gillette Cup.  In this match he scored 6 runs before being dismissed by David Toseland. He played a further List A match against Gloucestershire in the 2nd round of the same competition. In his second match, he scored 4 runs before being dismissed by David Graveney.

Wigginton, Oxfordshire
Wigginton is a village and civil parish about 6 miles (10 km) southwest of Banbury in Oxfordshire. The village is beside the River Swere, which forms the southern boundary of the parish.  A Channel Four documentary, Hitler's British Girl, investigated the possibility that Unity Mitford gave birth to the son of Adolf Hitler in Hill View Cottage, Wigginton.
Liset
Liset is a feminine given name. Notable people with this name include:

Liset Alea (born 1979), Cuban-born singer

Liset Castillo (born 1973), Cuban retired basketball player

Liset Herrera (born 1998), Cuban volleyball player

Liset Castillo
Liset Castillo Iglesias (born January 21, 1973, in Pinar del Río) is a retired female basketball player from Cuba. She twice competed for her native country at the Summer Olympics, finishing in fourth (1992) and in ninth place (2000) with the Women's National Team.
Nat G. Kiefer
Ignatz Gerard Kiefer, known as Nat G. Kiefer, Sr., (February 26, 1939 – July 10, 1985) was an attorney from his native New Orleans, Louisiana, who served in both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature. He was a state representative from 1968 to 1970, and thereafter until his death in office fifteen years later a state senator.

Louisiana State Legislature
The Louisiana State Legislature (French: Législature de l'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Legislatura del Estado de Luisiana) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is a bicameral body, comprising the lower house, the Louisiana House of Representatives with 105 representatives, and the upper house, the Louisiana State Senate with 39 senators. Members of each house are elected from single-member districts of roughly equal populations.

The Louisiana State Legislature meets in the Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge. In March 2023, Republicans gained a supermajority of the Louisiana legislature for a first in the history of Louisiana.
The Death of the Prince Imperial
The Death of the Prince Imperial (French: Mort du prince impérial) is an 1882 history painting by the French artist Paul Jamin depicting a scene from the Anglo-Zulu War. It portrays the death at the hands of Zulu fighters on 1 June 1879 of Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial. Serving with the British Army, the twenty three year old Lieutenant was isolated and killed while on a reconnaissance.

He was the only son and heir of the deposed French Emperor Napoleon III who had gone into exile in England in 1870. Since the Emperor's death in 1873 the Prince Imperial had been considered by Bonapartists to be Napoleon IV and his death was a devastating blow to the future hopes of the Bonaparte dynasty. Today the painting is in the collection of the Château de Compiègne, having been acquired in 1911.

Château de Compiègne
49°25′09″N 2°49′52″E﻿ / ﻿49.41917°N 2.83111°E﻿ / 49.41917; 2.83111

The Château de Compiègne is a French château, a former royal residence built for Louis XV and later restored by Napoleon. Compiègne was one of three seats of royal government, the others being Versailles and Fontainebleau. It is located in Compiègne in the Oise department and is open to the public.
Šavnik
Šavnik (Cyrillic: Шавник, pronounced [ʃǎv̞niːk]) is a town in Montenegro in the northern region and administrative center of the Šavnik Municipality. It is located at the confluence of three rivers - the Bukovica, Bijela and Šavnik, at an altitude of 840 meters. It is the lowest lying settlement in the municipality.

Northern Montenegro
Northern Montenegro (Montenegrin: Sjever Crne Gore / Cjевер Црне Горе), is one of three statistical regions in Montenegro. It encompasses the sparsely populated mountainous part of Montenegro. It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast and central region of Montenegro to the south. It comprises thirteen municipalities and is the largest by area.
Veiðivötn
Veiðivötn (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈveiːðɪˌvœhtn̥], "fishing lakes") is a volcanic lake region in the Highlands of central Iceland, where approximately 50 lakes fill two rows of fissure vents.

Geologically, Veiðivötn is part of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system.

In c. 6600 B.C., long before the settlement of Iceland, prehistoric eruptions from the region produced the Þjórsá Lava, the largest lava flow in Iceland, and the largest to have erupted anywhere on Earth during the Holocene.
Veiðivötn's current landscape was created in 1477 by an explosive VEI-6 fissure eruption of tholeiitic basalt.  It was the largest volcanic eruption in Iceland's recorded history.

Today, many of the fissures from the 1477 eruption are filled with water lakes that have become popular for trout fishing.

Volcanic explosivity index
The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982.

Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest eruptions in history given a magnitude of 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m3 (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a supervolcanic eruption that can eject 1.0×1012 m3 (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (66,000 ft). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI-0, VEI-1 and VEI-2.
Frohnhofen
Frohnhofen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Oberes Glantal, whose seat is in Schönenberg-Kübelberg.

Sankt Wendel
St. Wendel (German pronunciation: [zaŋkt ˈvɛndl̩] ⓘ; sometimes spelled in full as Sankt Wendel; Palatine German: Sankt Wennel [zaŋ(k)t ˈvɛ.nl̩]) is a town in northeastern Saarland. It is situated on the river Blies 36 km northeast of Saarbrücken, the capital of Saarland, and is named after Saint Wendelin of Trier. According to a survey by the German Association for Housing, Town Planning and Land Use Regulation, St. Wendel is known to be one of the wealthiest regions in Germany, behind Starnberg in Bavaria.
Maksim Anisimov
Maksim Viktaravich Anisimov (Belarusian: Максім Анісімаў; Russian: Максим Анисимов; born April 5, 1983, in Minsk) is a Belarusian ski jumper who has been competing since 2003. He finished 33rd in the individual normal hill at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

At the 2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf, Anisimov finished 13th in the team normal hill and 50th in the individual normal hill events. He finished tenth in the team and 42nd in the individual events at the 2004 Ski-flying World Championships in Planica.

Anisimov's best World Cup finish was 28th in a large hill event in Germany in 2004. His only career victory was in a Continental Cup normal hill event in Finland in 2005.

He also competed in nordic combined in 2002 and 2003, leading to him earning his best individual finish of 22nd in an FIS race event in Italy in 2003 both in the 7.5 km sprint and 15 km individual competitions.

Planica
Planica (Slovene pronunciation: [plaˈnìːtsa]) is an Alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, extending south from the border village of Rateče, not far from another well-known ski resort, Kranjska Gora. Further south, the valley extends into the Tamar Valley, a popular hiking destination in Triglav National Park.

Planica is famous for ski jumping. The first ski jumping hill was constructed before 1930 at the slope of Mount Ponca. In 1933, Ivan Rožman constructed a larger hill, known as the Bloudek Giant (Bloudkova velikanka) after Stanko Bloudek, which later gave rise to ski flying. The venue was completed in 1934. The first ski jump over 100 metres (330 ft) in history was achieved at the hill in 1936 by Sepp Bradl. At the time, it was the biggest jumping hill in the world.

In 1969, a new K185 hill, the Gorišek Brothers Flying Hill (Letalnica bratov Gorišek) was built by Vlado and Janez Gorišek. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2023 were held in Planica.
Miłkowo, Drawsko County
Miłkowo [miu̯ˈkɔvɔ] (German: Milkow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czaplinek, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Czaplinek, 36 km (22 mi) east of Drawsko Pomorskie, and 117 km (73 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 200.
Until 1945/90 the area was part of Germany.

Czaplinek
Czaplinek [t͡ʂaˈplʲinɛk] (German: Tempelburg; Kashubian: Czôplënkò) is a town in Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,012 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is situated between Drawsko and Czaplino lakes.

The former name of Tempelburg refers to the Templar Knights, who settled nearby at the orders of King Przemysł II. Until 1668, the town was part of Poland. Afterwards it was part of Brandenburg, Prussia and Germany, until the end of World War II. It is one of the northernmost towns of the historical region of Greater Poland.

Czaplinek is a local tourist destination, which has the second deepest lake in Poland and a large marina. The main market square features events, exhibitions and annual festivals.
Relativity (Indecent Obsession album)
Relativity is the third and final studio album by Australian pop rock band Indecent Obsession, released by in June 1994 by Mushroom Records in Australia and MCA Records internationally. It features the single "Fixing a Broken Heart", which the band recorded a second version as a duet with Japanese singer-songwriter Mari Hamada. The album is the first and only release to feature lead vocalist Richard Hennassey and guitarist Graham Kearns, who replaced David Dixon and Andrew Coyne, respectively, after the band relocated to London in 1993.

Mari Hamada
Mari Hamada (Japanese: 浜田麻里, Hepburn: Hamada Mari; born July 18, 1962) is a Japanese rock singer and songwriter. Having performed in bands since high school, Hamada made her professional debut as a solo act in 1983. She quickly became known as the "Queen of Heavy Metal" (ヘヴィメタルの女王, Hevī Metaru no Joō). In 2018, readers and professional musicians voted Hamada the eighth best vocalist in the history of hard rock and heavy metal in We Rock magazine's "Metal General Election". In 2019, she become the first Japanese musician to top the vocalist category of heavy metal magazine Burrn!'s readers poll in its 36 year history. Throughout her career, she has released 25 singles and 23 studio albums.
Morne-à-Chandelle
Morne-à-Chandelle (French pronunciation: [mɔʁn a ʃɑ̃dɛl]) is a village in the La Gonâve Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti, on the southern side of the Gulf of Gonâve. It is located 7.7 miles (12.4 km) east of Léogâne.

Léogâne
Léogâne (French pronunciation: [leɔɡan]; Haitian Creole: Leyogàn) is one of the coastal communes in Haiti. It is located in the eponymous Léogâne Arrondissement, which is part of the Ouest Department.  The port town is located about 30 km (19 mi) west of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince. Léogâne has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. It also holds importance for archaeological and historical sites such as Fort Campan.

The town was at the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake. Like Port-au-Prince, it was catastrophically affected, with 80–90% of buildings damaged. As Haiti is very poor, they couldn't afford earthquake-proof buildings.
Gottlieb Ast
Gottlieb Jaan Ast (2 March 1874 – 15 December 1919) was an Estonian politician who was the mayor of Tallinn from June to July 1919.

Ast graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu in 1906. Afterwards, he became involved in politics and was active in southern Estonia as a socialist agitator. After the failed 1905 Russian Revolution, he emigrated to Switzerland in 1906 and to Dresden, Germany, and later the United States, but returned to Estonia after the February Revolution. After returning to Estonia, he joined the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party and was elected as a representative of the party to the Tallinn City Government and was later the mayor of Tallinn, where he served for one month, from June to July 1919. He died of tuberculosis in December 1919 and was buried in Rahumäe cemetery. His younger brother was politician and writer Karl Ast.

Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party
The Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Estonian: Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatiline Tööliste Partei) was a political party in Estonia between 1917 and 1925. The leaders of the party, founded on platforms of patriotism, Estonian independence, and social justice, made a major contribution to the drafting of the first (1920) Constitution of Estonia.
Anthony Taylor (fighter)
Anthony Taylor (born 23 June 1989), known by the ring name Pretty Boy, is an American professional boxer and professional mixed martial artist. He previously fought under Bellator. He is currently signed to Misfits Boxing and is the current MFB Light-Heavyweight Champion. He has an unranked record with Misfits of 7 wins, 7 losses, and 2 draws bringing his total MMA and boxing statistics to 24 fights, 14 wins, and 10 losses.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
The Declaration of Independent Filmmaking
The Declaration of Independent Filmmaking (subtitle: An Insider's Guide to Making Movies Outside of Hollywood) is a 2005 non-fiction book by Mark Polish, Michael Polish, and Jonathan Sheldon. Presented as a how-to guide for first time filmmakers, The Declaration details how The Polish brothers made their first three independent films (Twin Falls Idaho, Jackpot, Northfork) and their subsequent experiences in Hollywood selling their films and going to film festivals to promote them. The book was published by Mariner Books, ISBN 978-0-15-602952-0.

Northfork
Northfork is a 2003 fantasy drama film directed by Michael Polish and written by Michael and Mark Polish. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2003 and later received a limited release in the United States on July 11, 2003. The film stars Duel Farnes, James Woods, Nick Nolte, Michele Hicks, Daryl Hannah, Anthony Edwards, Robin Sachs, Ben Foster, Claire Forlani, Clark Gregg, Kyle MacLachlan and Peter Coyote. This is the brothers' third film collaboration, after Twin Falls Idaho (1999) and Jackpot (2001).