hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mariya Stepanivna Humenyuk
Mariya Stepanivna Humenyuk (Ukrainian: Марія Степанівна Гуменюк) was a Soviet politician.

Humenyuk was a member of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union. She was born in the village of Dmytrivka, now part of the village of Grishkivtsi, Berdychiv district, Zhytomyr Oblast.

Berdychiv Raion
Berdychiv Raion (Ukrainian: Бердичівський район) is a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Berdychiv. The raion is located in the southern part of the oblast; the distance between Zhytomyr and Berdychiv is 43 kilometres (27 mi). Population: 156,419 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zhytomyr Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Berdychiv Raion was significantly expanded.  Before the expansion, the area of the raion was 865.2 square kilometres (334.1 sq mi); after the expansion, the area of the raion is 3,018.5 square kilometres (1,165.4 sq mi). The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 27,587 (2020 est.).
Chimaeridris
Chimaeridris is a small genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains two species known from tropical Asia. Their unique hook-shaped mandibles and similar appearance to Pheidole minor workers raises the possibility that the genus is a slave-maker of Pheidole ants or a specialized predator.

Slave-making ant
Slave-making ants or slaver ants are brood parasites that capture broods of other ant species to increase the worker force of their colony. After emerging in the slave-maker nest, slave workers work as if they were in their own colony, while parasite workers only concentrate on replenishing the labor force from neighboring host nests, a process called slave raiding.

The slave-making ants are specialized to parasitize a single species or a group of related species, and they are often close relatives to their hosts, which is typical for social parasites. The slave-makers may either be permanent social parasites (thus depending on enslaved ants throughout their whole lives) or facultative slave-makers. The behavior is unusual among ants but has evolved several times independently.
Treaty 8 Tribal Association
Treaty 8 Tribal Association (T8TA) is an association of six of the eight Peace River Country First Nations bands who are signatories to Treaty 8 in northeastern British Columbia. They have joined in an effort to negotiate with British Columbia and Canada outside the British Columbia Treaty Process.

Incorporated in 1982 under the BC Societies Act, T8TA is primarily funded by the federal Department of Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs.

Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC; French: Relations Couronne-Autochtones et des Affaires du Nord Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for Canada's northern lands and territories, and one of two departments with responsibility for policies relating to Indigenous peoples in Canada (the other being the Department of Indigenous Services, or ISC).

CIRNAC, along with ISC, were established to replace the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND).

The department is overseen by two cabinet ministers, the Minister of Crown–Indigenous relations (whose portfolio includes treaty rights and land negotiations) and the Minister of Northern Affairs. Its headquarters is in Terrasses de la Chaudière, in downtown Gatineau, Quebec.
Mouding County
Mouding County (Chinese: 牟定县; pinyin: Móudìng Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: /mɯ21 di33 bu33/) is located in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. It borders Lufeng, Yunnan to the east, Chuxiong City to the south, Nanhua County and Yao'an County to the west, and Dayao County and Yuanmou County to the north.

Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Chuxiong Prefecture, officially the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 楚雄彝族自治州; pinyin: Chǔxióng Yízú Zìzhìzhōu; Chuxiong Yi script: ，IPA: /ɣo21 lu21 nə55 su33 ʑɔ33 gɔ21 mi33/; Yi script: ꊉꇑꆑꌠꑼꂰ; Yi Pinyin: wop lup nut su yuop mi), is an autonomous prefecture located in central Yunnan Province, China. It borders Kunming to the east, Yuxi and Pu'er City to the south, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture to the west, and Lijiang and Sichuan (Panzhihua and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture) to the north. Chuxiong has an area of 29,256 km2 (11,296 sq mi). The capital of the prefecture is Chuxiong City.
Crotyl alcohol
Crotyl alcohol, or crotonyl alcohol, is an unsaturated alcohol. It is a colourless liquid that is moderately soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents. It exhibits cis-trans isomerism about the alkene group, and is a structural isomer of butanone.

It can be synthesized by the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde.  The compound is of little commercial interest, but can be used as a reagent in laboratory organic synthesis.

Saturated and unsaturated compounds
A saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and the binding of a Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and classes of chemical compounds.  Overall, saturated compounds are less reactive than unsaturated compounds. Saturation is derived from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill'. An unsaturated compound is also a chemical compound (or ion) that attracts reduction reactions, such as dehydrogenation and oxidative reduction.
Bonino-Pannella List
Bonino-Pannella List (Lista Bonino-Pannella) was a liberal and libertarian electoral list formed by the Italian Radicals.

Named after Marco Pannella and Emma Bonino, the list was the continuation of Pannella List (1992–1999) and Bonino List (1999–2009) and its candidates were mainly members of the Italian Radicals. In the 2009 European Parliament election the list gained 2.4% and no seats in the election, despite being particularly strong in urban areas, such as Milan (5.5%), Bologna (5.1%), Florence (5.0%), Padua (5.0%) and Turin (4.9%).

Emma Bonino ran for president in Lazio but lost to Renata Polverini. The List gained 3.3% of the vote in Lazio and two regional councillors, while doing poorly in the other regions where the Radicals were able to deliver their lists, including in Piedmont, where they gained a mere 0.7%.

The Bonino-Pannella List was succeeded by the Amnesty Justice Freedom List in 2013.

Renata Polverini
Renata Polverini (born 14 May 1962) is an Italian politician and trade unionist.  She was President of the Lazio region and was formerly Secretary General of the General Labour Union (UGL); she resigned on 24 September 2012 after an expense scandal.
Lukin
Lukin or Lukins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrey Lukin (born 1948), Russian chess player and coach

Dean Lukin (born 1960), Australian weightlifter

Evgeny Lukin (born 1950) Russian writer

Henry Lukin (1860–1925), South African military commander

George Lukins, Yatton dœmoniac

Lionel Lukin (1742–1834), English inventor of the life boat

Lionel Lukin (judge) (died 1944), Australian judge

Matt Lukin (born 1964), American rock musician (bassist: Melvins, Mudhoney)

Mikhail Lukin (born 1971) Russian-American physicist

Robert Lukins, Australian writer

Sheila Lukins, American cook and food writer

Vladimir Lukin (born 1937), Russian liberal political activist

Fictional characters:

Aleksander Lukin, Marvel Comics villain

George Lukins
George Lukins, also known as the Yatton daemoniac, was a tailor infamous for his alleged demonic possession and the subsequent exorcism that occurred in 1788 when he was aged 44; his case occasioned great controversy in England.
International Association for the Study of Pain
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) is an international learned society promoting research, education, and policies for the understanding, prevention, and treatment of pain. IASP was founded in 1973 under the leadership of John J. Bonica. Its secretariat, formerly based in Seattle, Washington, is now located in Washington, D.C. It publishes the scientific journal PAIN, PAIN Reports and PAIN: Clinical Updates. IASP currently has more than 7,200 members from 133 countries and in 94 chapters worldwide. IASP supports 20 Special Interest Groups (SIGs) which members may join to network and collaborate with others in their specific field of research or practice.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
The Air Circus
The Air Circus is a 1928 American sound part-talkie drama film directed by Howard Hawks and starring Arthur Lake, Sue Carol, David Rollins, and Louise Dresser. It is the first of Hawks's aviation films. The film featured a talking sequence that lasted about 15 minutes with the rest of the film being synchronized with a musical score with sound effects. The soundtrack was recorded using the sound-on-film Movietone process. The film is notable as the first aviation oriented film with dialogue.

Sue Carol
Sue Carol (born Evelyn Jean Lederer; October 30, 1906 – February 4, 1982) was an American actress and talent agent. Carol's film career lasted from the late 1920s into the 1930s; when it ended, she became a talent agent. The last of her four marriages was to one of her clients, Alan Ladd, from 1942 until his death in 1964.
Queenie (TV series)
Queenie is a British television series, based on the novel of the same name by Candice Carty-Williams. The series is developed by Further South Productions in association with Lionsgate Television for Channel 4.

Samuel Adewunmi
Samuel Adewunmi (born 1994) is an English actor. He won Most Promising Newcomer at the British Independent Film Awards as well as receiving a Best Actor nomination for his role in the film The Last Tree (2019). He was nominated for a BAFTA for his role in the BBC drama You Don't Know Me (2021).

He was named a 2019 Screen International Star of Tomorrow.
Al-Sahlah Mosque
The Al-Sahlah Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلسَّهْلَة, romanized: Masjid as-Sahlah) is a Twelver Shi'ite mosque and shrine, located in the city of Kufa, in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. The mosque is of great importance to Twelver Shia Muslims, and it is believed that the mosque was initially established in Kufa as a neighborhood mosque for the followers of Ali, the early members of the Shia. The mosque is also said to be the future home of the Twelfth Shia Imam, Hujjat-Allah al-Mahdi.: 48–50

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Skrunda Municipality
Skrunda Municipality (Latvian: Skrundas novads) was a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Skrunda town with its countryside territory, Raņķi parish, Nīkrāce parish and Rudbārži parish; the administrative centre being Skrunda. The population in 2020 was 4,543.

On 1 July 2021, Skrunda Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Kuldīga Municipality.

Rudbārži Parish
Rudbārži Parish (Latvian: Rudbāržu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 1074 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 110.42 km2.
Barbro Sundback
Barbro Carol Sundback (born 22 December 1945) is an Ålandic psychologist, politician and former member of the Parliament of Åland, the regional legislature of Åland, an autonomous region of Finland. A social democrat, she was a member of the legislature from November 1979 to October 2015. She was also  First Deputy Speaker from November 2003 and October 2005 and Speaker from November 2005 and October 2007.

Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political,  bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in their work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine.
William B. Seaman
William Bryson "Budget" Seaman ({March 28, 1874 – April 18, 1910) was an American football and baseball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Waynesburg College by—now known as Waynesburg University–in 1897, Washington & Jefferson College from 1900 to 1904, and Western Reserve University—now known as Case Western Reserve University—from 1906 to 1909. His Western Reserve team won two Ohio Athletic Conference titles, in 1907 and 1908, during his four-year tenure.

Seaman played college football as a guard at Washington & Jefferson in 1895 and 1896. He began his coaching career in 1897 at Waynesburg.

As a baseball manager of the Washington Senators in the Pennsylvania–Ohio–Maryland League for its only two seasons, he posted records of 57–44 in 1906—enough for league runner-up—and 45–75 in 1907.

Seaman was to remain the Western Reserve football coach for the 1910 season. However, he caught pneumonia in April 1910 and died in his hometown of Washington, Pennsylvania.

Waynesburg University
Waynesburg University is a private Christian university in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It was established in 1850 and offers undergraduate and graduate programs in more than 70 academic concentrations. The university enrolls around 1,400 students, including approximately 1,100 undergraduates.
2026 Abu Dhabi Open – Doubles
Ekaterina Alexandrova and Maya Joint defeated Tereza Mihalíková and Olivia Nicholls in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–8] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2026 Abu Dhabi Open.

Jeļena Ostapenko and Ellen Perez were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Ostapenko partnered Barbora Krejčíková, but they withdrew from their quarterfinal match. Perez partnered Demi Schuurs, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Alexandrova and Joint.

Jeļena Ostapenko
Jeļena "Aļona" Ostapenko (born 8 June 1997) is a Latvian professional tennis player. She has been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) as high as world No. 5 in singles, which she achieved on 19 March 2018, and No. 3 in doubles, attained on 14 July 2025. She is the current No. 1 singles player from Latvia, on both categories.

Ostapenko has won nine WTA Tour-level singles and twelve doubles titles, including a singles major at the 2017 French Open and a doubles major at the 2024 US Open, partnering Lyudmyla Kichenok. She has also won 15 singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, and the junior singles event at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. She is a member of the Latvia Billie Jean King Cup team.
Firmilian
Firmilian (Greek: Φιρμιλιανός, Latin: Firmilianus, died c. 269 AD), Bishop of Caesarea Mazaca from c. 232, was a disciple of Origen. He had a contemporary reputation comparable to that of Dionysius of Alexandria or Cyprian, bishop of Carthage. He took an active part in the mid-3rd century controversies over rebaptising heretics and readmitting lapsed Christians after the persecutions of Decius and was excommunicated by Pope Stephen I for his position. A single letter of Firmilian to Cyprian survives among Cyprian's correspondence. Jerome omits Firmilian from De viris illustribus. "To his contemporaries his forty years of influential episcopate, his friendship with Origen and Dionysius, the appeal to him of Cyprian, and his censure of Stephanus might well make him seem the most conspicuous figure of his time" (Wace).

De Viris Illustribus (Jerome)
De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men) is a Latin biobibliographical collection by Jerome completed at Bethlehem in 392–393 AD. It consists of a prologue and 135  chapters, each giving a brief account of an author and a list of writings, beginning with figures from the apostolic age and ending with Jerome.

Jerome presented the book as a Christian counterpart to biographical catalogues associated with Suetonius and other classical writers, and much of the early material is taken with little alteration from Eusebius of Caesarea. The work was dedicated to the Roman official Nummius Aemilianus Dexter. In the preface Jerome casts the collection as an apologetic defence of Christian learning.

The text circulated widely. It was continued by Gennadius of Massilia and later by Isidore of Seville, and the three works were often copied together. Later scholarship has criticised it as rushed and incomplete, being flattering and insulting depending on the subject and Jerome's opinion of them.
Henry C. Greene
Henry Campbell Greene (December 13, 1904 – April 27, 1967)  was an American mycologist at the University of Wisconsin. He was involved in the study of low prairie habitat and initiated the restoration, preservation, and protection of a parcel of restored prairie land. Greene co-discovered Golovinomyces ambrosiae (=Erysiphe sparsa) and Golovinomyces latisporus (=Erysiphe cichoracearum var. latispora).  He committed suicide.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Jenny Kay Dupuis
Jenny Kay Dupuis is an Anishinaabe-Canadian author, artist, and educator. Her books include I Am Not A Number and Heart Berry Bling, both of which centre the experiences of Anishinaabek people, discussing the Indian Act and residential schooling.

Dupuis is a member of the Nipissing First Nation and as of 2019, lived in Toronto. She has a Bachelor of Arts in history and visual arts, a Master of Education in special education, and a "doctorate in educational leadership from the University of Calgary".

Master of Education
The Master of Education (MEd or M.Ed. or Ed.M.; Latin Magister Educationis or Educationis Magister) is a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. This degree in education often includes the following majors: curriculum and instruction, counseling, school psychology, and administration. It is often conferred for educators advancing in their field. Similar degrees (providing qualifications for similar careers) include the Master of Arts in Education (MAEd or M.A.Ed. or M.A.E.) and the Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed. or MScEd or M.Sc.Ed. or M.S.E.).
Karoline Scheimpflug
Karoline ″Lotte″ Scheimpflug (née Embacher, 15 June 1908 – 30 January 1997) was an Austrian (later Italian) luger who competed from the late 1920s to the late 1950s. Born in Innsbruck in June 1908, she won a gold medal in the women's singles event at the 1929 European luge championships in Semmering, Austria and two bronze medals in the women's singles event at the European championships (1954, 1956). Scheimpflug died in Vienna in January 1997 at the age of 88.

Semmering, Austria
Semmering is a town in the district of Neunkirchen in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is noted for its skiing, and has hosted the Alpine skiing World Cup several times. When the Semmering Railway was completed in 1854, the town quickly became a popular tourist getaway in winter months. In 2011, the town had a permanent population of 571.
Lu Yuegang
Lu Yuegang (simplified Chinese: 卢跃刚), a  Sichuan native in China, is a journalist and a writer of non-fiction. He was a reporter for the China Youth Daily for ten years, and was promoted to be the deputy director and later the principal reporter for the "news center" section, as well as the Daily's "Freezing Point" supplement. Meanwhile, he also serves as the Chairman of the China Association for the Study of Nonfiction. He has written several books, including The Oriental Carriage, a book about New Oriental, in 2002.

China Youth Daily
The China Youth Daily (Chinese: 中国青年报) is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China. It has been the official newspaper of the Communist Youth League of China since 1951. It has occasionally published articles critical of the Chinese government.
Post Graduate College, Ghazipur
https://pgcghazipur.ac.in/index.html

PG College Ghazipur is a postgraduate college situated in Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The college was established in July 1957 as the first Degree College of Ghazipur. Initially it was affiliated with University of Gorakhpur but since 1987 its affiliated with VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur. Currently it offers courses in four main streams: arts, science, agriculture, Commerce and education.

The college is recognised by UGC and accridiation by NAAC with B++ status.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Black Turtle Cove
Black Turtle Cove (Spanish: Caleta Tortuga Negra) is a mangrove estuary on the northern shores of Santa Cruz Island in Ecuador's Galapagos Islands.  The national park has strict regulations to protect this pristine environment. Tourists may visit the cove via panga (local dinghy) but with the engines turned off. Many rays, sea turtles, pelicans and other wildlife live among the mangroves. That is one of the famous places in Galapagos, which is the cave inside there.

Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the flatback, green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and olive ridley. Five of the seven species are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The remaining two are not considered to be threatened with extinction, one of which, the flatback turtle, is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled (cheloniid) or leathery-shelled (dermochelyid). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback.