hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Takoma Park Police Department
The Takoma Park Police Department (TPPD) is the primary law enforcement agency servicing a population of approximately 17,670 (2014 est.), within 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) of the municipality of Takoma Park, Maryland. Until July 1, 1997, the TPPD was aided by both the Prince George's County Police and the Montgomery County Police as the city was divided within the two counties. After that date, the municipality was moved to become contained entirely within Montgomery County by a move of the Maryland General Assembly.

Maryland General Assembly
The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis. It is a bicameral body: the upper chamber, the Maryland Senate, has 47 representatives, and the lower chamber, the Maryland House of Delegates, has 141 representatives. Members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for the conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members.

The General Assembly convenes its legislative session for 90 days each year to act on more than 2,300 bills including the state's annual budget, which it must pass before adjourning sine die. The General Assembly's 446th session convened on January 10, 2024.
Masaki Inayoshi
Masaki Inayoshi (稲吉 正樹, Inayoshi Masaki) (born 1969) is the owner and founder of G.Communication, a Japanese kabushiki kaisha based in Nagoya, Japan. The company is an operator of restaurant chains, juku (cram schools), and eikaiwa (language schools).

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
After Many Days
After Many Days is a 1919 British silent drama film directed by Sidney Morgan and starring Bruce Gordon, Alice Russon and Irene Browne. In the film, a girl believes that her father has had an illegitimate child with an artist's model, but discovers that it was his criminal brother.

Sidney Morgan
Sidney Morgan (2 August 1874 – 11 June 1946) was an English film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He directed 45 films between 1914 and 1937. As an actor, he appeared in the Alfred Hitchcock film Juno and the Paycock. He was born in Bermondsey, London and died in Boscombe, Bournemouth, Hampshire. His daughter Joan Morgan appeared as silent film actress in his films.
Oedopeza leucostigma
Oedopeza leucostigma is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1864. It occurs in South (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru) and Central America (Panama, Costa Rica).

Oedopeza leucostigma measure 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in). In French Guiana, it is one of the most abundant cerambycids associated with the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae). It is a "seasonal shifter" that preferentially utilizes ground branches during the dry season and canopy branches during the wet season as it larval habitat.

Lecythidaceae
The Lecythidaceae (/ˌlɛsɪθɪˈdeɪsiː/ LESS-ith-ih-DAY-see) comprise a family of about 30 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia.

Well known members of the family include the cannonball tree (Couroupita guianensis) and the edible Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa).
Yasser Sakr
Yasser Abdel Rahman Sakr (Arabic: ياسر عبد الرحمن صقر; born December 1, 1977) is an amateur Egyptian Greco-Roman wrestler, who played for the men's super heavyweight category. He won a bronze medal for his category at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería, Spain.

Sakr represented Egypt at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 120 kg class. He received a bye for the preliminary round of sixteen, before losing out to Armenia's Yury Patrikeyev, with a two-set technical score (1–5, 0–7), and a classification point score of 1–3.

2005 Mediterranean Games
The XVth Mediterranean Games Almería 2005 (XV Juegos del Mediterráneo 2005 in Spanish), commonly known as the 2005 Mediterranean Games, were the 15th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Almería, Spain over 10 days, from 24 June to 3 July 2005, where 3,203 athletes (2,126 men and 1,077 women) from 21 countries participated. There were a total of 258 medal events from 27 different sports.
Columbia County
Columbia County is the name of eight counties in the United States:

Columbia County, Arkansas

Columbia County, Florida

Columbia County, Georgia

Columbia County, New York
Columbia County Airport

Columbia County, Oregon

Columbia County, Pennsylvania

Columbia County, Washington

Columbia County, Wisconsin

Columbia County Airport
Columbia County Airport (IATA: HCC, FAA LID: 1B1) is a county-owned public use airport in Columbia County, New York, United States. The airport is located four nautical miles (7 km) northeast of the central business district of Hudson, New York. It is a small un-towered general aviation airport in the Hudson Valley.
Lease Corporation International
Lease Corporation International is a company based in Dublin, Ireland, which offers a wide range of aircraft leasing to various airlines. LCI is a subsidiary of Libra Group, which is headed by George Logothetis.

Lease Corporation International was founded in 2004. The subsidiary leases fixed-wing aircraft to airlines in Europe and Asia, including Singapore Airlines, British Airways, Virgin Atlantic, Oman Air, and Hong Kong Express Airways. After selling its fleet of aircraft in 2007, LCI purchased new aircraft in 2009. In 2012, LCI expanded into helicopter leasing. Helicopters leased by LCI are used by offshore oil operations, and for search and rescue as well as emergency medical services. LCI offices are located in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Singapore.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).
1991 Bracknell Forest Borough Council election
The 1991 Bracknell Forest Borough Council election took place on 2 May 1991, to elect all 40 members in 19 wards for Bracknell Forest Borough Council in England. The election was held on the same day as other local elections as part of the 1991 United Kingdom local elections.  For the first time since 1979, opposition parties re-entered the council at an all-out council election, but the Conservative Party still managed to secure a landslide victory.

SDP–Liberal Alliance
The SDP–Liberal Alliance was a centrist and social liberal political and electoral alliance in the United Kingdom.

Formed by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Party, the SDP–Liberal Alliance was established in 1981, contesting the 1982 United Kingdom local elections, 1983 United Kingdom local elections, 1983 general election, 1984 United Kingdom local elections, 1984 European election,  1985 United Kingdom local elections, 1986 United Kingdom local elections, 1987 United Kingdom local elections and 1987 general election.

The SDP–Liberal Alliance ceased to exist in 1988, when the two component parties merged to form the Social and Liberal Democrats, under which label they stood in the 1988 United Kingdom local elections, later renamed the Liberal Democrats.
Kichenside Glacier
Kichenside Glacier (67°46′S 47°36′E﻿ / ﻿67.767°S 47.600°E﻿ / -67.767; 47.600) is a glacier, 15 nautical miles (28 km) long and 3 to 5 nautical miles (6 to 9 km) wide, flowing northeast into the southern part of the Hannan Ice Shelf on the coast of Enderby Land, Antarctica. It was charted from air photos taken from an Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions aircraft in 1956, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Squadron Leader James C. Kichenside, RAAF, officer commanding the Antarctic Flight at Mawson Station in 1960.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Western Sahara partition agreement
The Western Sahara partition agreement, formally the Convention concerning the State frontier line, was a treaty signed at Rabat on 14 April 1976 between Morocco and Mauritania in order to partition the disputed territory of Western Sahara between them following the withdrawal of Spain under the Madrid Accords.

The treaty was intended to demarcate the borders between Morocco and Mauritania as part of the split. The border was defined as a straight line from intersection of the coastline and the 24th parallel north, through the intersection of the 23rd parallel north and the 13th meridian west, and continuing until the pre-existing borders of Mauritania.

It was signed by Hamdi Ould Mouknass, the foreign minister of Mauritania and Ahmed Laraki, foreign minister of Morocco.

Mauritania renounced its claim in 1979, due to insurgencies in the region. Morocco subsequently claimed the entirety of Western Sahara.

13th meridian west
The meridian 13° west of Greenwich is longitudinal line that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 13th meridian west forms a great circle with the 167th meridian east.
Azetidine
Azetidine is a saturated heterocyclic organic compound containing three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. It is a liquid at room temperature with a strong odor of ammonia and is strongly basic compared to most secondary amines.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Lifting theory
In mathematics, lifting theory was first introduced by John von Neumann in a pioneering paper from 1931, in which he answered a question raised by Alfréd Haar. The theory was further developed by Dorothy Maharam (1958) and by Alexandra Ionescu Tulcea and Cassius Ionescu Tulcea (1961). Lifting theory was motivated to a large extent by its striking applications. Its development up to 1969 was described in a monograph of the Ionescu Tulceas. Lifting theory continued to develop since then, yielding new results and applications.

Alfréd Haar
Alfréd Haar (Hungarian: Haar Alfréd; 11 October 1885, Budapest – 16 March 1933, Szeged) was a Hungarian mathematician. In 1904 he began to study at the University of Göttingen. His doctorate was supervised by David Hilbert. The Haar measure, Haar wavelet, and Haar transform are named in his honor. Between 1912 and 1919 he taught at Franz Joseph University in Kolozsvár. Together with Frigyes Riesz, he made the University of Szeged a centre of mathematics. He also founded the Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum journal together with Riesz.
2021 Pune fire
18°30′43″N 73°40′44″E﻿ / ﻿18.511904°N 73.678780°E﻿ / 18.511904; 73.678780


On 7 June 2021, a fire in Pune, Maharashtra, India, killed at least 18 people.

At around 15:45 on 7 June 2021, a fire broke out at a chemical plant on the outskirts of Pune in MIDC area of Urawade-Pirangut. The plant manufactured chemicals and sanitisers. At the time of the fire, which occurred approximately 10 miles from the city centre, 37 workers were trapped inside the building. Fifteen of the 18 victims were women, and most were residents of Mulshi taluka. The bodies were found in huddled together in multiple groups.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared an ex gratia of 2 lakh rupees to the families of the victims.

Ex gratia
Ex gratia (/ˌɛks ˈɡreɪʃ(i)ə/; also spelled ex-gratia) is Latin for "by favor", and is most often used in a legal context. When something has been done ex gratia, it has been done voluntarily, out of kindness or grace. In law, an ex gratia payment is a payment made without the giver recognising any liability or legal obligation.
Nepali Congress (Rastrabadi)
Nepali Congress (Rastrabadi) is a political party in Nepal. The party was founded in 2005 by Dura Pokharal (president) and Prakash Koirala. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)), placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats, and became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) with 103 seats. After months of power-sharing discussions and deliberations, CPN (M) Chairman Prachanda was elected as Prime Minister in August 2008. Due to its failure in drafting a new constitution, the CA was dissolved on 28 May 2012 after its original and extended total tenure of 4 years.
Phaffia
Phaffia is a genus of fungi in the order Cystofilobasidiales. The genus comprises orange-red yeasts that form basidia directly from yeast cells, lack hyphae throughout their life cycle, and produce astaxanthin, a carotenoid used as an additive in animal feed to enhance colour in shrimp, salmon, and poultry eggs and also as an antioxidant in dietary supplements.

The genus was named after the Dutch specialist Herman Phaff who first isolated the type species from slime fluxes of Japanese and North American trees in the 1960s.

The genus Xanthophyllomyces was proposed for the teleomorphic (basidia-bearing) state of Phaffia. Following changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, however, the practice of giving different names to teleomorph and anamorph forms of the same fungus was discontinued, meaning that Xanthophyllomyces became a synonym of the earlier name Phaffia.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
Dudley Peninsula
Dudley Peninsula (known as Presquila Gallissoniere and as the MacDonnell Peninsula from 1857 to 1986) is the peninsula forming the eastern end of Kangaroo Island in the Australian state of South Australia.  It was inhabited by Aboriginal Australians as recently as 3,100 years BP but was found to be unoccupied by the first European explorers to visit it in the early 19th century.  It was first settled by Europeans as early as the 1830s.  As of 2011, it had a population of 595 people.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Ray, Arizona
Ray is a ghost town in Pinal County, Arizona, United States; it is mostly known for the large copper mine there. It was named after the nearby Ray mine, which was begun by the Ray Copper Company in 1882, after the sister of one of the miners, whose name was Bullinger.

The town of Kearny was founded by the Kennecott Mining Company in 1958 as a planned community to accommodate the populations of Ray, Barcelona and Sonora, which were about to be enveloped by Kennecott's copper mine.  Relocation to Kearny began in 1958.

The Copper Basin Railway ran through the town.

A newspaper, the Arizona Copper Camp, was published in Ray from 1910 to 1920.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
1856 Argentina–Chile treaty
The Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce and Navigation of 1856 between Chile and Argentina (Spanish: Tratado de paz, amistad, comercio y navegación entre la República de Chile y la Confederación Argentina) was the first boundary treaty  between Argentina and Chile. Article 39 of the treaty proposed the use of direct diplomatic negotiations and arbitration to resolve disputes. It established that the boundaries should be based on the uti possidetis principle based on what each country possessed before the Chilean and Argentine wars of independence beginning in 1810. It also postponed the solution of the East Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Strait of Magellan Dispute into the future. Article 40 of this treaty established a 12-year limit on the effect of its articles about commerce and navigation.  The Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina mentions this treaty to say that the later treaty is "in fulfillment" of Section 39 of this treaty.

Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence (Spanish: guerra de la independencia argentina) was a set of military events from 1810 to 1825 which resulted in the consolidation of Argentina as an independent country from Spanish rule. The historiographical term encompasses battles and military feats such as the Crossing of the Andes. Formal independence was declared in 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.
Valleys Radio
Valleys Radio was an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting to the heads of the South Wales Valleys. The broadcast area was covered by two transmitters, 999 kHz from the Aberdare transmitter, and 1116kHz from the Ebbw Vale transmitter, with the Ebbw Vale signal being the comparatively stronger of the two.

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
Legislative Digest
Legislative Digest is an official publication of the House Republican Conference.  It serves as the primary source of legislative analysis and preview of floor activity for Republican Members of the United States House of Representatives.  As such, it functions as the Republican counterpart to the Newsroom on Dems.gov (or, until 1994, the Democratic Study Group).  It originally was published weekly, but starting with the 104th Congress was published daily, and distributed in either printed or faxed form.  Legislative Digest is currently published online.

As an official U.S. government publication, it is not subject to copyright and may be viewed, copied, and distributed freely by the public. For instance, Legislative Digest's summaries of bills and amendments often serve as a source for the scrolling display commentary on C-SPAN.

104th United States Congress
The 104th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 1997, during the third and fourth years of Bill Clinton's presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.

Both chambers had Republican majorities for the first time since the 83rd Congress in 1953. Major events included passage of elements of the Contract with America and a budget impasse between Congress and the Clinton administration that resulted in the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996.