hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Centre
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Centre is a non-profit organisation located in India with  a presence across the country. It was formed in the memory of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (11th President of India) in 2015. The organisation was founded by Srijan Pal Singh, an author, social entrepreneur, and public speaker. He also worked as the Officer-on-Special-Duty and Advisor for Science, Technology, and Policy to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam between 2009 and 2015.

The organisation aspires to create a sustainable and livable planet Earth for humanity by taking forward the vision of Dr. Kalam. It also aims to promote innovations, especially in governance and social enterprises, to improve youth participation in national and international development so as to improve access to education as well as knowledge in all strata of society.

Srijan Pal Singh
Srijan Pal Singh is an Indian author, scientist, public speaker, and social entrepreneur. He is an electrical engineer from the Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow. He worked closely with the Former President of India Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.
Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews)
Alexander Stewart (c. 1491– 9 September 1513) was an illegitimate son of King James IV of Scotland by his mistress Marion Boyd. He was the King's eldest illegitimate child. He was an elder brother of Catherine Stewart, his only full sibling, and was an older half-brother of the future James V. He was installed as Archbishop of St Andrews at the age of eleven and was killed beside his father the King at the Battle of Flodden aged twenty.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.
Rowlinson
Rowlinson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernest Rowlinson (1882–1941), British politician

George Henry Rowlinson (1852–1937), British trade unionist

Gerard Rowlinson (born 1941), British swimmer

John Shipley Rowlinson (1926–2018), British chemist

Matthew Rowlinson (born 1956), Canadian academic

Norman Rowlinson (1923–2006), English football chairman

John Shipley Rowlinson
Sir John Shipley Rowlinson FRS FREng (12 May 1926 – 15 August 2018) was a British chemist. He attended Oxford University, where he completed his undergraduate studies in 1948 and doctoral in 1950. He then became research associate at University of Wisconsin (1950–1951), lecturer at University of Manchester (1951–1961), Professor at Imperial College London (1961–1973) and back at Oxford from 1974 to his retirement in 1993.

His works covered a wide range of subjects, including on capillarity (the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity) and cohesion (forces that make similar molecules stick together). In addition, he wrote about the history of science, including multiple works on the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923). He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering. He received a Faraday Lectureship Prize in 1983 and was knighted in 2000.
Walter Husemann
Walter Husemann (2 December 1909 – 13 May 1943) was a German communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime.  As a young man, Husemann trained an industrial toolmaker, before training as a journalist. He became interested in politics and joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). With the arrival of the Nazis in 1933, he became a resistance fighter and through his wife, the actor Marta Husemann, he became associated with an anti-fascist resistance group around Harro Schulze-Boysen and Arvid Harnack that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo. Along with John Sieg whom he met in the KPD and Fritz Lange, Martin Weise and Herbert Grasse he wrote and published the resistance magazine, The Home Front Die Innere Front.

Fritz Lange (politician)
Emil Alfred Fritz Lange (23 November 1898, Berlin – 16 September 1981) was a German communist politician and resistance fighter during the Nazi era. Later Lange was Minister for Popular Education in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
Reveal (Roxette song)
"Reveal" is a song by Swedish pop music duo Roxette, released on 10 January 2007 as the final single from the duo's fourth greatest hits compilation album, A Collection of Roxette Hits: Their 20 Greatest Songs! (2006). Gessle was reportedly unhappy with the original album version of the track, so a slightly remixed single version was created, incorporating a re-recorded middle 8. Two other remixes were also created: one by Swedish house duo The Attic, and another by record producer Kleerup.

"Reveal" became the duo's 35th and – as of 2021 – final song to enter the Swedish Singles Chart, where it peaked at number 59. Despite peaking outside the top hundred of the Russian Airplay Chart, the song has been played over 22,000 times on Russian radio alone.

TopHit
TopHit.com is a worldwide-oriented music chart website that includes internet platform for music distribution and airplay monitoring with generation of charts. As of 2024, TopHit has over 9,000 artists, songwriters, DJs, record labels, and music publishers. TopHit's services are utilized by more than 2,500 radio stations and 90 television channels across 45 countries, primarily in the US, UK, EU, Ukraine, Russia and the CIS. The platform's content library includes over 200,000 radio hit songs and more than 10,000 music videos. Universal Music has described TopHit as the most authoritative site for airplay monitoring in Russia. TopHit has been referenced by music critics and music producers as a key source for tracking the popularity of artists in Russia and the CIS.

Annually TopHit.com holds the live Top Hit Music Awards music ceremony that recognize the top radio and internet performers and their most popular hits, celebrating outstanding contributions to the music industry.
Alpha Newspaper Group
Alpha Newspaper Group is a media group, primarily involved in local newspaper publishing and radio broadcasting, in Northern Ireland. The company's headquarters are in Moygashel near Dungannon, County Tyrone.

Moygashel
Moygashel (from Irish Maigh gCaisil, meaning 'plain of the stone fort') is a small village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is near the southern edge of Dungannon. Although the village's name is pronounced /mɔɪˈɡæʃəl/ (moy-gashel), the trademark of the Irish linen named after it is pronounced /ˈmɔɪɡəʃəl/ (moy-ga-shell).

Moygashel is predominantly Protestant with 93% of its population recorded as being Protestant in a 2021 census. 2% of the village is Catholic and 5% is recorded as "other" or "none". 4% of the population were born outside of the UK or Ireland, compared to 26% in the wider Dungannon area. 98% are white, compared to 86% in the wider Dungannon area.
William Curzon
William Curzon (c. 1681–1749), of the Inner Temple, was a British lawyer and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1734 to 1741.

Curzon was the fourth son of Sir Nathaniel Curzon, 2nd Baronet of Kedleston Hall  and his wife, Sarah Penn, daughter of William Penn of Penn, Buckinghamshire. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 25 June 1696, aged 15. He was admitted at Inner Temple and was  called to the bar in 1705. In 1735, he became a bencher of his Inn.

At the 1734 British general election, Curzon was returned as a Tory Member of Parliament for Clitheroe by his brother, Sir Nathaniel Curzon, 4th Baronet. He was returned again at the 1741 British general election  but was not put up in 1747.  There is no record of his having voted in Parliament.

Curzon died unmarried on 24 June 1749, leaving a large fortune to his brother, Sir Nathaniel.

Clitheroe (UK Parliament constituency)
Clitheroe was a parliamentary constituency in Lancashire.

The town of Clitheroe was first enfranchised as a parliamentary borough in 1559, returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1832.  The borough's representation was reduced to one MP by the Reform Act 1832.

The parliamentary borough was abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, and the name transferred to a new county division with effect from the 1885 general election. The county division returned one MP until it was abolished for the 1983 general election. It was then largely replaced by the new Ribble Valley constituency.
Plechavičius
Plechavičius is the masculine form of a Lithuanian family name. Its feminine forms are: Plechavičienė (married woman or widow) and Plechavičiūtė (unmarried woman).

According to the Lithuanian surname database, the surname was mostly found within northern Samogitia (Papilė, Seda, Skuodas, and Pakruojis).

In addition, cf. Lithuanian: Plekavičius and Plekys, Polish: Plech, Piechowski and Flakowicz, and Russian: Плехов, romanized: Plekhov (Plekhov).

Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandras Plechavičius (1897–1942), Lithuanian military officer in the Imperial Russian Army and then the Lithuanian Army.

Povilas Plechavičius (1890–1973), Lithuanian general and statesman, military officer in the Imperial Russian Army and then the Lithuanian Army.

Femininity
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is conceptually distinct from both the female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender.

Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gracefulness, gentleness, empathy, humility, and sensitivity, though traits associated with femininity vary across societies and individuals, and are influenced by a variety of social and cultural factors.
Mélanie Fazi
Mélanie Fazi (born 29 November 1976) is a French novelist and translator specialising in fantasy fiction.  As well as writing award-winning fiction of her own she has translated works by Lois McMaster Bujold, Elizabeth Moon, Poppy Z. Brite and Graham Joyce into French for Éditions Bragelonne, a French publisher. In 2020, Fazi announced on her blog that she had been diagnosed with autism.

Lois McMaster Bujold
Lois McMaster Bujold (/buːˈʒoʊld/ ⓘ boo-ZHOHLD; born November 2, 1949) is an American speculative fiction writer. She has won the Hugo Award for best novel four times, matching Robert A. Heinlein's record (not counting his Retro Hugos). Her novella The Mountains of Mourning won both the Hugo Award and Nebula Award. In the fantasy genre, The Curse of Chalion won the Mythopoeic Award for Adult Literature and was nominated for the 2002 World Fantasy Award for best novel, and both her fourth Hugo Award and second Nebula Award were for Paladin of Souls. In 2011 she was awarded the Skylark Award. She has won two Hugo Awards for Best Series, in 2017 for the Vorkosigan Saga and in 2018 for the World of the Five Gods. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association named her its 36th SFWA Grand Master in 2019.

The bulk of Bujold's works comprises three series: the Vorkosigan Saga, the World of the Five Gods, and the Sharing Knife series.
Dubrovka, Altai Republic
Dubrovka (Russian: Дубровка; Altay: Эрмендӱ, Ermendü) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Mayminskoye Rural Settlement of Mayminsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 467 as of 2016. There are 14 streets.

Mayminsky District
Mayminsky District (Russian: Ма́йминский райо́н; Altay: Майма аймак, Mayma aymak) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic. The area of the district is 1,285 square kilometers (496 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Mayma. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,642, with the population of Mayma accounting for 56.5% of that number.
Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri
Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri (Jawi: ذوالكفل محمد البكري; born 16 January 1969) is a Malaysian Islamic scholar who served as Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Religious Affairs in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to August 2021, Senator from March 2020 to March 2023 and 7th Mufti of the Federal Territories from June 2014 to his political appointments in March 2020. He is currently a member of the Muslim Council of Elders based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, led by Sheikh Dr. Ahmed el-Tayeb, and a member of The Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America. He remains actively involved in presenting papers at national and international levels. Zulkifli is also the founder of Federal Territories Islamic Religious Council's Pondok Moden Al-'Abaqirah, a religious educational institute.

Minister in the Prime Minister's Department
The Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Malay: Menteri di Jabatan Perdana Menteri; Jawi: منتري دجابتن ڤردان منتري‎) is a member of Cabinet of Malaysia who administers a portfolio through the Prime Minister's Department.
Bassam
Bassam is an Arabic name and a given name roughly meaning "one who smiles". More accurately, it is the Arabic name "Basem" (often incorrectly written in English as Bassem) that translates to "one who smiles". Basem is the agent noun of the Arabic verb with the root ba-sa-ma, which means to smile. The name "Bassam" is the exaggerated form of the agent noun (Arabic: صيغه مبالغه), and would therefore roughly translates to "one who smiles profusely".

The name is most common in the Levant. Notable people with the name include:

Agent noun
In linguistics, an agent noun (in Latin, nomen agentis) is a word that is derived from another word denoting an action, and that identifies an entity that does that action. For example, driver is an agent noun formed from the verb drive.

Usually, derived in the above definition has the strict sense attached to it in morphology, that is the derivation takes as an input a lexeme (an abstract unit of morphological analysis) and produces a new lexeme. However, the classification of morphemes into derivational morphemes (see word formation) and inflectional ones is not generally a straightforward theoretical question, and different authors can make different decisions as to the general theoretical principles of the classification as well as to the actual classification of morphemes presented in a grammar of some language (for example, of the agent noun-forming morpheme).
Sabulina verna
Sabulina verna is a scarce species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, known by the common names spring sandwort, leadwort, golden moss, or Irish moss. It is a small mat-forming, perennial herb. It was first described as Arenaria verna by Carl Linnaeus in 1767 and is known by several synonyms including Minuartia verna.

The small (7–9 mm across), 5-petalled flowers appear on short, downy stems from spring until late summer. The slender leaves have 3 veins.

It ranges across temperate Eurasia and northwestern Africa with a boreal-montane distribution. It is typically found on carboniferous limestone ground. It grows in short grassland, on exposed limestone pavement, on scree slopes and on metal-rich soils, including spoil heaps from lead mining.

Carboniferous Limestone
Carboniferous Limestone is a collective term for the succession of limestones occurring widely throughout Great Britain and Ireland that were deposited during the Dinantian Epoch of the Carboniferous Period.  These rocks formed between 363 and 325 million years ago. Within England and Wales, the entire limestone succession, which includes subordinate mudstones and some thin sandstones, is known as the Carboniferous Limestone Supergroup.
Khaleel Mohammed
Khaleel Mohammed (1955 – January 2022) was a Guyanese-born professor of Religion at San Diego State University (SDSU), in San Diego, California, a member of Homeland Security Master's Program, and, as of January 2021, Director of SDSU's Center for Islamic and Arabic Studies.

East Berbice-Corentyne
East Berbice-Corentyne (Region 6) is one of ten regions in Guyana covering the whole of the east of the country. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Nickerie District and Sipaliwini District of Suriname to the east, Brazil to the south and  the regions of Mahaica-Berbice, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Potaro-Siparuni and Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo to the west.

Towns in the region include New Amsterdam, Corriverton and Rose Hall.

The Corentyne River forms the whole of the eastern border with Suriname, though the southernmost section is claimed by Suriname and is known in Guyana as the New River Triangle or Tigri Area in Suriname.
The Wave (2008 film)
The Wave (German: Die Welle) is a 2008 German socio-political thriller film directed by Dennis Gansel and starring Jürgen Vogel, Frederick Lau, Jennifer Ulrich and Max Riemelt in the leads. It is based on Ron Jones' social experiment The Third Wave and Todd Strasser's novel The Wave. The film was produced by Christian Becker for Rat Pack Filmproduktion. The movie was successful in German cinemas, and 2.3 million people watched it in the first ten weeks after its release.

In the  film, a history teacher starts an experiment in manipulation of the masses, while trying to teach his class about autocracy. The students unwittingly start embracing fascism.

Political sociology
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how power is distributed and changes throughout and amongst societies, political sociology's focus ranges across individual families to the state as sites of social and political conflict and power contestation.
Rihe
Rihe is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Talegaon railway station
Talegaon railway station or Talegaon station is an important railway station on the Mumbai–Pune railway route. It has two platforms, five lines and one footbridge. This is a major halt for Pune Suburban Railway trains. This station serves as terminal for Pune–Talegaon suburban trains.

The land for the construction of the Talegaon railway station was given to the British government by the Sardar Dabhade family. Now it is owned by Indian Railways. Talegaon MIDC, an industrial area, is situated nearby this station.
Shivapuri Baba
Shivapuri Baba (Nepali: शिवपुरी बाबा) was a Hindu saint. His birth name was Jayanthan Nambudiripad and is also known by the name of Swami Govindananda Bharati.  He died on 28 January 1963 (2019, Magh 15, Sombar, Tritiya Tithi) at Dhrubsthali, near Pashupatinath Temple in Nepal. He claimed to have been born in 1826 in Kerala, a region in southern India. Shivapuri baba came to Nepal and spent the later stage of his life by meditating in the forest of Shivpuri in Kathmandu, Nepal, from where his name was derived.

Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is the ninth national park in Nepal and was established in 2002. It is located in the country's mid-hills on the northern fringe of the Kathmandu Valley and named after Shivapuri Peak at 2,732 m (8,963 ft) altitude. It covers an area of 159 km2 (61 sq mi) in the districts of Kathmandu, Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk, adjoining 23 Village Development Committees. In the west, the protected area extends to the Dhading District.
Apache Axis2
Apache Axis2 is a web service engine. It is a redesign and re-write of the widely used Apache Axis SOAP stack. Implementations of Axis2 are available in Java and C.

Axis2 provides the capability to add Web services interfaces to Web applications. It can also function as a standalone application server.

SOAP
SOAP (originally an acronym for Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. It uses XML Information Set for its message format, and relies on application layer protocols, most often Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), although some legacy systems communicate over Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), for message negotiation and transmission.
Palatia jazz
Palatia jazz is a jazz festival in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It has been held annually in August since 1997. The concerts take place at castles, churches, monasteries and historic parks near Kaiserslautern, Heidelberg and Mannheim in the Palatinate of southwestern Germany.

Palatia jazz has attracted musicians such as Manu Katché, David Sanborn, Incognito, Tab Two, Klaus Doldinger, Paul Kuhn Trio, Ahmad Jamal, Nils Landgren, Al Di Meola, Joo Kraus, DePhazz, Jazzkantine, Barbara Hendricks, Cornelius Claudio Kreusch, Till Brönner, Nigel Kennedy, Quadro Nuevo, Chick Corea, NoJazz, Joachim Kühn, Maria João, Tania Maria, Branford Marsalis, Cassandra Wilson, Joshua Redman, Silje Nergaard, Peter Herbolzheimer, Albert Mangelsdorff, Mal Waldron, Joe Zawinul and Herbie Mann.

Jazzkantine
Inspired by Guru's Jazzmatazz project, the German formation Jazzkantine was founded in 1993 in Braunschweig. Their first album Jazzkantine won them the "Echo Award" in 1996, the most important German music prize.

The music of Jazzkantine is a cross-over between jazz funk and hip hop music: German rap over music and beats heavily influenced by jazz standards, often interpreted in a very funky way. This genre is also known as jazz rap.

In 1998, they played at the Montreux Jazz Festival.

In 1999, they started a collaboration with the ballet ensemble of Braunschweig, resulting in the successful Tanzzkantine project.