hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinases (EC 2.7.11.30) are enzyme-linked receptors that belong to protein-serine/threonine kinases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[receptor-protein] phosphotransferase. Proteins from this group participate in numerous biological pathways, processes and diseases including MAPK signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, TGF beta signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia.

Receptor serine/threonine kinases directly phosphorylate specific serines or threonines on themselves and on other regulatory proteins.

TGF beta signaling pathway
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell migration, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. The pathway is also involved in multiple physiological processes such as regulation of the immune system, the vascular system and embryonic development. The TGFβ signaling pathways are conserved.  In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression.
Bussey Glacier
Bussey Glacier (65°16′S 64°1′W﻿ / ﻿65.267°S 64.017°W﻿ / -65.267; -64.017) is a glacier flowing west from Mount Peary to the head of Waddington Bay on Kyiv Peninsula on the west coast of Graham Land. It was first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, 1908–10, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Group Captain John Bussey of the Directorate of Overseas Surveys.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Bicolored conebill
The bicolored conebill (Conirostrum bicolor) is a small passerine bird. This member of the tanager family is a resident breeder in South America from Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad south and east to the Guianas, northeast  Peru and Brazil.

Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
Pondok Aren
Pondok Aren (often abbreviated as Pd Aren) is a town and an administrative district (kecamatan) in the city of South Tangerang, in Banten Province on Java, Indonesia. It is located on the south-western outskirts of Jakarta. The district covers 29.80 km2 and had a population of 303,093 at the 2010 Census and 294,996 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 295,812.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Thomas Rose (politician)
Thomas Rose (1856 – 10 June 1926) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Parramatta to pastoralist Charles Henry Jacob Rose and Rosanna Robinetta Nicholls. He attended public schools in Parramatta and Campbelltown before working as a draper in Parramatta and Bathurst. He also ran general stores in Molong and Murrumburrah. A lawyer, he was called to the bar in 1898, although he was disbarred at his own request in 1904 and worked as a solicitor, becoming a partner in the firm Rose and Dawes. His first marriage was to Valerie Kable, but in 1894 he remarried Elizabeth Ann Barber. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1891 as the Protectionist member for Argyle, serving until his defeat in 1904. Rose died in Burwood in 1926.

Burwood, New South Wales
Burwood is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi)  west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of Municipality of Burwood.

Burwood Heights is a separate suburb to the south. The Appian Way is a street in Burwood, known for its architecturally designed Federation-style homes.
Sammy Hagar & Friends
Sammy Hagar & Friends is the sixteenth studio album by American hard rock musician Sammy Hagar, released on September 24, 2013, by Frontiers Records.

"I was going to do an anthology called Four Decades of Rock," he told Classic Rock, "cherrypicking songs from Montrose, my solo stuff, Van Halen, the stuff I've done since. I was going to write a new song for each era: a song like 'Rock Candy' by Montrose, a song like 'Red' from my solo years, a Van Halen-type song… [But] I went to license the Van Halen songs, and those two knuckleheads [Eddie and Alex Van Halen] wouldn't okay it… I could have hired an attorney and done it anyway, because I own thirty per cent of that music. But that would have got a bunch of ugly press."

Classic Rock (magazine)
Classic Rock is a British magazine and website dedicated to rock music, owned and published by Future. It was launched in October 1998 and is based in London. The magazine publishes 13 editions a year, mainly covering rock bands from the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, with the likes of Led Zeppelin, AC/DC, Pink Floyd, the Rolling Stones, Queen, Black Sabbath, Aerosmith, Deep Purple, and Van Halen amongst its most prominent cover stars. As well as veteran rock artists, Classic Rock also covers modern rock bands and releases, with Alter Bridge, Rival Sons, Halestorm, Ghost, Blackberry Smoke and the Struts amongst the younger artists to have appeared on its cover in recent years.
Toyota GR engine
The Toyota GR engine family is a gasoline, open-deck, piston V6 engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminium block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads. The engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods and crankshaft, one-piece cast camshafts, a timing chain, and a cast aluminium lower intake manifold. Some variants use multi-port fuel injection, some have D4 direct injection, and others have a combination of direct injection and multi-port fuel injection or D4-S.

The GR series replaces the previous MZ V6 and JZ inline-6, and in the case of light trucks the VZ V6.

Note: Power ratings have changed due to SAE measurement changes in 2005 (for the 2006 model year). Toyota rates engines on 87 pump octane, Lexus rates engines on 91 pump octane.

Engine block
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure that contains the cylinders and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as coolant passages and oil galleries.

The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a monobloc.
Sandip Sanjay Sargar
Sandip Sanjay Sargar (born 13 February 1993) is an Indian para-athlete who competes in javelin throw. He represented India at the 2024 Paris Paralympics. He is currently supported by Olympic Gold Quest.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Howard Richards (American football)
Howard Glenn Richards, Jr. (born August 7, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Seattle Seahawks. He played college football for the Missouri Tigers.

Missouri Tigers football
The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football, the Tigers are members in Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Conover, North Carolina
Conover is a city in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 8,421 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area and Charlotte Metropolitan Area.

Morgan Shepherd
Clay Morgan Shepherd (born October 12, 1941) is an American former professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 89 Chevrolet Camaro for Shepherd Racing Ventures. He is a born again Christian who serves as a lay minister to the racing community. He competed in NASCAR for over 50 years, having one of the longest careers in the sport.

Shepherd became the second-oldest race winner (after Harry Gant) in 1993, when he won the spring race at Atlanta at the age of 51 years, four months, and 27 days. He holds the record for oldest driver to start a race in NASCAR's top three series at age 77, as well as oldest starter in the NASCAR Cup Series race at the 2014 Camping World RV Sales 301 at age 72.
Kurenkahn
The Kurenkahn (German plural Kurenkähne; Lithuanian: kurėnas) is a traditional wooden type of flat bottom boat that was used in Vistula lagoon and Curonian Lagoon, East Prussia. The name comes from the German name of the Curonian people (Kuren). Kurenkahns were 11–12 m long, with two main sails: the large and the small. Kurenkahns were used to catch fish by dragging a large net (Kurrennetz) in pairs. After the expulsion of Germans from East Prussia, Kurenkahns were used for some time for fishing, but were later abandoned.
In 2001 a replica of a Kurenkahn was rebuilt in part of former Memel territory now in Lithuania.

Curonians
The Kursenieki are also sometimes known as Curonians.

The Curonians (Latvian: kurši; Lithuanian: kuršiai)  or Kurs (obsolete) were a medieval Baltic tribe living on the shores of the Baltic Sea in the 5th–16th centuries, in what are now western parts of Latvia and Lithuania. They eventually merged with other Baltic tribes contributing to the ethnogenesis of present-day Latvians and Lithuanians.  Curonians gave their name to the region of Courland (Kurzeme), Kuršėnai town, Curonian spit and many other localities. They spoke the Curonian language.
Extended matching items
Extended matching items/questions (EMI or EMQ) are a written examination format similar to multiple choice questions but with one key difference, that they test knowledge in a far more applied, in-depth, sense.

It is often used in medical education and other healthcare subject areas to test diagnostic reasoning.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.
Graphis insularis
Graphis insularis is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Guitar Island (near Long Island) (Middle Andaman). The species epithet insularis, from the Latin word for island, refers to the type locality.

The lichen has a yellowish to whitish-grey thallus with a rough and uneven surface texture that cracks with age. A thin, black hypothallus encircles the thallus. The ascomata are in the form of lirellae, which are slender and black, immersed in the substrate, and measure 0.5–9 mm long. These lirellae are either radiately or irregularly branched.

Script lichen
A script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The structures are elongated and narrow apothecia called lirellae, which look like short scribbles on the thallus. "Graphid" is derived from Greek for "writing". An example is Halegrapha mucronata.
San Jose Giants
The San Jose Giants are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. Located in San Jose, California, the Giants play their home games at Excite Ballpark.

Strike zone
In baseball, the strike zone is the area of space through which a pitch must pass in order to be called a strike even if the batter does not swing. The strike zone is defined as the volume of space above home plate and between the batter's knees and the midpoint of his torso. Whether a pitch passes through the zone is decided by an umpire, who is generally positioned behind the catcher.

Strikes are desirable for the pitcher and the fielding team, as three strikes result in a strikeout of that batter. A pitch that misses the strike zone is called a ball if the batter does not swing at it. Balls are desirable for the batter and the batting team, as four balls allow the batter to take a "walk" to first base as a base on balls.
Giorgio Giunchi
Giorgio Giunchi (Latin: Georgius Giunchi, Albanian: Gjergj Junki; 1717–1787) was an Albanian Catholic prelate. Giunchi was born in Livari, in Antivari (modern Bar, in Montenegro) ecclesiastically part of the Diocese of Antivari, on 20 February 1717. After studying in Rome for two years he returned in his home region as parish priest of Zuppa near Antivari. In 1757 he was ordained as Bishop of Pult. From 1765 to 1786, when he became Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar, he served as Bishop of Lezhë. Giunchi died on 26 January 1786 in Livari, where he was also buried. Giorgio Radovani, his successor, was the clergyman who preached in his funeral service.

Bar, Montenegro
Bar (Montenegrin: Bar, Бар, pronounced [bâr], Italian: Antivari, Albanian: Tivari) is a town and seaport in Coastal region of Montenegro. It is the capital of the Bar Municipality and a center for tourism. According to the 2023 census, the city proper had 15,868 inhabitants, while the total population of Bar Municipality was 46,171.
George McClennon
George McClennon (died 1937, Chicago, Illinois, United States) was an American jazz clarinetist, singer, and dancer.

McClennon was the adoptive son of Bert Williams and worked in theater revues and in vaudeville in the 1910s. As a clarinetist, he specialized in the style known as gas pipe clarinet, using the instrument to make noises that sounded like animals or sound effects. He was able to dance wildly as he played for comic effect and often performed in blackface. He played with Eddie Heywood and Willie "The Lion" Smith, and recorded with a group called the Harlem Trio and under his own name for Okeh Records in 1924-1926. Sidemen on these recordings included Heywood, Buddy Christian, Bob Fuller, Charlie Irvis, John Lindsay, Tom Morris, and Clarence Williams. He died of tuberculosis in 1937.

Buddy Christian
Narcisse J. "Buddy" Christian (1895? - 1958?) was an American jazz banjoist, guitarist, and pianist.

Christian worked professionally as a pianist starting in the early 1910s. He played in New Orleans with Peter Bocage in 1912-1913 and with King Oliver at Lala's Cafe in the middle of the decade. Around 1920 he moved to New York City, where he began playing banjo in addition to piano. He played with Lucille Hegamin, June Clark, and the Red Onion Jazz Babies, and played in the studio on Clarence Williams's sessions, including Eva Taylor and the Blue Five (with Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet). He can also be heard on Bessie Smith recordings made in 1923.

In 1926, he recorded under his own name, and continued working as a session musician for recordings with Charles Matson, New Orleans Willie Jackson, and blues musicians. He and Fred Jennings played in a banjo duo in 1929. After 1930 Christian left active performance.
Second Creek (Mississippi)
Second Creek is a waterway in the southern section of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. Second Creek is tributary to the Homochitto River.: 15  It enters the Homochitto near U.S. Route 61 bridge at Doloroso.

The Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto visited what is called White Apple Village, the settlement of Natchez chief Great Sun, along Second Creek, in approximately 1541.: 5  In the 1790s, pollution from the process of producing indigo dye killed many of the fish that lived in Second Creek. An attempted slave revolt, sometimes known as the Second Creek Slave Conspiracy, was suppressed in the vicinity of Second Creek in 1860.

Mazique Archeological Site
The Mazique Archeological Site (22 AD 502), also known as White Apple Village, is a prehistoric Coles Creek culture archaeological site located in Adams County, Mississippi. It is also the location of the historic period White Apple Village of the Natchez people and the Mazique Plantation. It was added to the NRHP on October 23, 1991, as NRIS number 91001529.
Rowland Worsley
Rowland Leonard Worsley (12 July 1907 – ?) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Margate. In 1942 he was elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council as the Labor member for Huon. He served as a minister from 1946 until 1948, when he lost his seat.

Tasmanian Labor Party
The Tasmanian Labor Party, commonly referred to simply as Tasmanian Labor, is a social democratic political party in Tasmania. It is the Tasmanian branch of the Australian Labor Party. Following the 2025 Tasmanian state election, the party is led by Josh Willie, and since 2014 has formed the official opposition in Tasmania, losing 5 consecutive state elections.
Velagapudi Ramakrishna Babu
Velagapudi Ramakrishna Babu (born 1961) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election on Telugu Desam Party ticket from Visakhapatnam East constituency in the Visakhapatnam district. He is a four-time MLA from the Visakhapatnam East constituency. He won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from the same constituency again on TDP ticket.

Visakhapatnam district
Visakhapatnam district  is one of the six districts in the Uttarandhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, headquartered at Visakhapatnam.: 14  It is one of the twenty-six districts in Andhra Pradesh state. The district shares borders with Vizianagaram district in North and South-East and with Anakapalli district in the  south-west and Bay of Bengal in the south respectively.: 15
Golden Girl (film)
Golden Girl is a 1951 American Musical Western film directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Mitzi Gaynor, Dale Robertson, Dennis Day and James Barton. The film is loosely based on the life of famed entertainer Lotta Crabtree, who was known as the "Golden Girl".

The original song "Never," written by Lionel Newman and Eliot Daniel and sung by Dennis Day, earned the film its only Academy Award nomination.

Academy Award for Best Original Song
The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film. The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music, lyrics, or both in their own right. The songs that are nominated for this award are typically performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards, the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934. Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers, and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole. Fifteen songs are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
1994 Epsom Derby
The 1994 Epsom Derby was a horse race which took place at Epsom Downs on Wednesday 1 June 1994. It was the 215th running of the Derby, and it was won by the pre-race favourite Erhaab. The winner was ridden by Willie Carson and trained by John Dunlop.

Futurity Trophy
The Futurity Trophy is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October.
Loe Thai
Loe Thai (Thai: เลอไทย, pronounced [lɤ̄ː tʰāj]) was the fourth king of the Sukhothai Kingdom (a historical kingdom of Thailand) from 1298 to 1323. He was preceded by his father Ram Khamhaeng the Great until the throne was usurped by his cousin Ngua Nam Thum.

After the death of Ram Khamhaeng, the Sukhothai tributaries broke away. Ram Khamhaeng was succeeded by his son Loe Thai. The vassal kingdoms, first Uttaradit in the north, then soon after the Laotian kingdoms of Luang Prabang and Vientiane (Wiangchan), liberated themselves from their overlord. In 1319, the Hanthawaddy kingdom to the west broke away. In 1321, Phrae Tak, one of the oldest towns under the control of Sukhothai, became free. To the south, the powerful city of Suphan Buri also broke free early in the reign of Loe Thai.

He sent an expedition against Champa around 1312,: 90  though George Cœdès thinks it was his father who organized the raids in 1313.

Uttaradit province
Uttaradit (Thai: อุตรดิตถ์, pronounced [ʔùt.tā.rā.dìt]; Northern Thai:ᩏᨲ᩠ᨲᩁᨯᩥᨲ᩠ᨳ᩺) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Phrae and Nan. To the east it borders Xaignabouli of Laos. Uttaradit is 488 km north of Bangkok, and 238 km southeast of Chiang Mai.