hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virginia Association of Science Teachers
The Virginia Association of Science Teachers, Inc. (VAST) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization.

VAST is a comprehensive educational organization dedicated to the nurturing and advancement of superior science education. Its objectives are to advance the study of science, to promote excellence in the teaching of science and to provide opportunity for communication among science educators in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Leadership is provided by promoting the study of science at all grade-levels, supporting conditions which ensure an optimal environment for the teaching of science, advocating high quality science instruction for all students at all levels and by providing an avenue for communication among the members of the science education community.

Formed in 1952, it is the Virginia chapter affiliated with the National Science Teachers Association.

Science education
Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some social science, and some teaching pedagogy. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students through the entire course of their K-12 education and beyond. The traditional subjects included in the standards are physical, life, earth, space, and human sciences.
Andjelo Rudović
Andjelo or Anđelo Rudović (Montenegrin: Анђело Рудовић, Albanian: Angjëll Rudaj; born 3 May 1996) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Montenegrin Second League club Otrant-Olympic.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Anjasha al-Hadi
Anjasha al-Hadi (Arabic: أَنْجَشَةُ ٱلْهَادِي, romanized: Anjasha al-Hādī) was a servant or slave of Muhammad mentioned in the Hadiths. 
Anjasha is described in the sources as being black in skin color and was one of Muhammad's personal camel drivers. Muhammad put him in charge of the women of his family.

Al-Nasa'i attests that Anjasha was homosexual. There is also a claim that Anjasha was eventually evicted from Muhammad's living quarters because of his sexual orientation, but the isnad is weak, suggesting that this claim may have been fabricated.

Al-Nasa'i
Al-Nasāʾī (214 – 303 AH; c. 829 – 915 CE), full name Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sinān ibn Baḥr ibn Dīnar al-Khurasānī al-Nasāʾī (Arabic: أبو عبد الرحمن أحمد بن شعيب النَّسائي), was a noted collector of hadith (sayings of Muhammad), from the city of Nasa (early Khorasan and present day Turkmenistan), and the author of "As-Sunan", one of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims. From his "As-Sunan al-Kubra (The Large Sunan)" he wrote an abridged version, "Al-Mujtaba" or Sunan al-Sughra (The Concise Sunan). Of the fifteen books he is known to have written, six treat the science of hadīth.
Loccota, Tasmania
Loccota is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Flinders in the North-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 17 kilometres (11 mi) south of the town of Whitemark. The 2016 census recorded a population of 20 for the state suburb of Loccota.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Dave Smith (wide receiver)
David Lewis Smith (May 18, 1947 – May 22, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the eighth round of the 1970 NFL draft. He played college football and basketball at Indiana (PA) and Waynesburg.

Smith was known for a fumble in a Monday Night Football game against the Kansas City Chiefs while trying to score a touchdown, and led the Steelers in touchdown receptions in 1971.  He also played for the Houston Oilers and Kansas City.

Smith died on May 22, 2020, at age 73.

1970 NFL draft
The 1970 NFL draft was the 35th National Football League draft and the first of the league's modern era, following the merger of the National Football League with the American Football League. It was held on January 27–28, 1970, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, New York.

The first overall pick of the draft was quarterback Terry Bradshaw from Louisiana Tech University, who was taken by the Pittsburgh Steelers (after winning a coin flip with the Chicago Bears, who had the same record as Pittsburgh). Bradshaw was one of two future Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees drafted by the Steelers; the other being Mel Blount from Southern University in Round 3.

The last remaining active player from the 1970 draft class was kicker Mark Moseley, who played his final NFL game in the 1986 season, although he was absent in 1973.
Jopp Group
The Jopp Group is an international supplier of automotive and industrial components.

Founded in 1919, Jopp is headquartered in Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany Jopp employs over 1,900 people in Germany, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Mexico, the US and China.

Bad Neustadt an der Saale
Bad Neustadt an der Saale (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈzaːlə] ⓘ, lit. 'Bad Neustadt on the Saale'), officially Bad Neustadt a.d.Saale and often simply called Bad Neustadt, is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the Rhön-Grabfeld district in Lower Franconia. It is situated on the rivers Franconian Saale and Brend, near the Rhön Mountains, 30 km north of Schweinfurt, and 47 km southeast of Fulda.
Empire Football League
The Empire Football League (EFL) is a semi-professional American football league with franchises based primarily in New York State. The league was established in 1969 and last played in 2022. Many franchises have come and gone including in locations such as Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Connecticut as well as Quebec, Montreal,  and Ontario in Canada.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Jaquan
Jaquan or JaQuan is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

JaQuan Bailey (born 1997), American football player

Jaquan Brisker (born 1999), American football player

JaQuan Hardy (born 1997), American football player

Jaquan Johnson (born 1995), American football player

JaQuan Lyle (born 1996), American basketball player

Ja'Quan McMillian (born 2000), American football player

Ja'Quan Sheppard (born 2000), American football player

JaQuan Bailey
JaQuan Bailey (born May 28, 1997) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end. He played college football for the Iowa State Cyclones and signed as an undrafted free agent with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) in May 2021.
Garlic bread
Garlic bread (also called garlic toast) consists of bread (usually baguette, sourdough or ciabatta) topped with garlic and usually olive oil or butter, and may include additional herbs, such as oregano, chives or parsley. It is then either grilled until toasted or baked in a conventional or bread oven.

Garlic bread is typically made using a baguette, or sometimes ciabatta which is partially sliced downwards, allowing the condiments to soak into the loaf while keeping it in one piece. The bread is then stuffed through the cuts with oil and minced garlic before baking. Alternatively, butter and garlic powder are used, or the bread is cut lengthwise into separate slices which are individually garnished.

Sourdough
Sourdough is a type of bread that uses fermentation by naturally occurring yeast and lactobacillus bacteria to raise (leaven) the dough. In addition to leavening the bread, the fermentation process produces lactic acid, which gives the bread its distinctive sour taste and improves its keeping qualities.
Organolithium reagent
Organolithium reagents are a collection of organolithium compounds that are widely used in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. These reagents are used to transfer the organic group or the lithium atom to diverse substrates, usually through nucleophilic addition or simple deprotonation. Organolithium reagents are used in industry as an initiator for anionic polymerization, which leads to the production of various elastomers.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
2011 Milan Kosanovic Cup
The 2011 Milan Kosanovic Cup was an international rugby league tournament played in Eastern Europe The competing teams were the Russia, Ukraine and Serbia.

The 2011 tournament was the inaugural staging of the Milan Kosanovic Cup. Russia took the trophy by winning both their matches. The match between Serbia and Russia was also a European qualification match for the 2013 World Cup.

2013 Rugby League World Cup qualification – Europe
The 2013 Rugby League World Cup Europe qualification is a rugby league tournament that was held in October 2011 to decide the European qualification for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup. It consisted of a round-robin play-off involving four teams; Russia, Italy, Serbia and Lebanon. Both Italy and Lebanon remained unbeaten, recording two wins and a draw each. However, Italy topped the group as a result of points difference and therefore qualified for the World Cup.
Brussels Metro line 3
Line 3 is an expansion of the Brussels Metro, currently under construction as of July 2023. It will run from Albert, through the existing premetro (underground tram) tunnel, and eventually terminate at Bordet.

Trams in Brussels
The Brussels tramway network is a tram system serving a large part of the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It is the 16th largest tram system in the world by route length, in 2017 providing 149.1 million journeys (up 9.5% on 2016) over routes 140.6 km (87.4 mi) in length. In 2018, it consisted of 18 tram lines (eight of which—lines 4, 7, 10, 25, 32, 51, 55 and 82—qualified as premetro lines, and five of which—lines 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10—qualified as "Chrono" or "Fast" lines). Brussels trams are operated by STIB/MIVB, the local public transport company.

The network's development has faced issues including the inconsistent route pattern resulting from the closure of the interurban trams, the conflict between low-floor surface trams and high-floor underground trams, and whether the trams run on the right or the left.
Litovyshche, Ternopil Oblast
Litovyshche (Ukrainian: Літовище) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Shumsk urban hromada.  After the liquidation of the Shumsk Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Shumsk Raion
Shumsk Raion (Ukrainian: Шумський район) was a former raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Shumsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Shumsk Raion was merged into Kremenets Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 32,625 (2020 est.).

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Shumsk urban hromada with the administration in Shumsk;

Velyki Dederkaly rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Velyki Dederkaly.
Elvis Antoine
Elvis Antoine is a Mauritian footballer who played as left back at the Fire Brigade SC in the 1980s. He scored in the penalty shootout to give the victory to the Mauritian team in the Indian Ocean Games final in 1985. With Sunrise Flacq United, he reached the first round of African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1988.

He pursued his career in football as a coach, from 2000 to 2003 with the Faucon Flacq where he won the Republic Cup in 2003. He then became co-coach of the national team with Rajesh Gunesh in December 2003 until March 2005.

Mauritians
Mauritians (singular Mauritian; French: Mauricien; Creole: Morisien) are nationals or natives of the Republic of Mauritius and their descendants. Mauritius is a melting pot of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious peoples. Mauritian is made up of blended groups of people who come mainly from South Asian (notably Indian), African (Mozambique, Madagascar and Zanzibar), European (White/European Mauritians), and Chinese descent, as well as those of a mixed background from any combination of the aforementioned ethnic groups. Creol-Mauritian is the blending of the different cultures; this is why it is complex to define Creol-Mauritian.
22nd Delaware General Assembly
The 22nd Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, Delaware, convening January 2, 1798, two weeks before the beginning of the only full year of the administration of Governor Daniel Rogers.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

Daniel Rogers (politician)
Daniel Rogers (January 3, 1754 – February 2, 1806) was an American miller and politician from Milford, in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as Governor of Delaware.
Fort Pearce (Washington, Utah)
Fort Pearce is a former fort established in Washington County, Utah, United States (before Utah became a state), that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Built in the 19th century, it is located roughly ten miles from St. George's city center, near the border with Mohave County, Arizona, alongside Fort Pearce Wash, an intermittent tributary of the Virgin River named after the fort.

Washington, Utah
Washington is a city in south central Washington County, Utah, United States and is a part of the St. George Metropolitan Area. The area is also known as Utah's Dixie because the Mormon pioneers who settled the St. George area came to the area to raise cotton, which was milled at the cotton mill in Washington. The population was 27,993 as of 2020. Washington is a fast-growing suburb of St. George, and is the second largest city in Washington County.

The city was named after U.S. President George Washington. The city administration has encouraged the use of the name "Washington City" in recent years.
Kaleidescape
Kaleidescape, Inc. is an American multimedia company based in Mountain View, California. Founded in 2001, it designs multi-room home entertainment server systems that store and play back video and audio content (such as movies, television shows, and music) to movie players that can be connected to televisions or projectors.

Mountain View, California
Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, the population was 82,376 at the 2020 census.

Mountain View was integral to the early history and growth of Silicon Valley, and is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, William Shockley established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Mountain View, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in Silicon Valley. Mountain View houses the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies, including Google and Alphabet Inc., Intuit, NASA Ames Research Center, and former or existing headquarters for Symantec, 23andMe, LinkedIn, Samsung, Quora and Synopsys.
Martin Huba
Martin Huba (born 16 July 1943 in Bratislava) is a Slovak actor and director on stage and in film.

In 1964 he graduated from the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (VŠMU). He joined the Východoslovenské štátne divadlo (Košice State Theater) in Košice. In 1967 he moved to the theater Divadlo na Korze in Bratislava, where he remained till its closure in 1971. Since 1976 he has been a member of the Slovak National Theatre (SND).

Since the 1990s he has been directing theatre - he has directed in the Drama Theatre and Opera of the Slovak National Theatre in Bratislava and as part of the Summer Shakespeare Festival in Prague. He won the 2001 DOSKY Theatre Critics' Award for his direction of The Dancing Room.

Slovak National Theatre
The Slovak National Theater (Slovak: Slovenské národné divadlo, abbr. SND) is the oldest professional theatre in Slovakia, consisting of three ensembles: opera, ballet, and drama. Its history begins shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. It is located in the capital, Bratislava.

The theatre is currently based in two separate buildings: the historic Neo-Renaissance building at Gorkého 2 (Hviezdoslavovo námestie) and the new SND building in the Old Town, opened on 14 April 2007, at Pribinova 17. Performances take place on most days of the year. The Slovak National Theatre has represented Slovak culture on its numerous tours abroad.
Okhotsk Museum Esashi
Okhotsk Museum Esashi (オホーツクミュージアムえさし, Ohōtsuku Myūjiamu Esashi) opened in Esashi, Hokkaidō, Japan in 1999. Dedicated to the history and natural history of Esashi and the Sea of Okhotsk coast, the collection includes the Important Cultural Property Artefacts Excavated from the Menashidomari Site, Hokkaidō.

Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north. Its northeast corner is the Shelikhov Gulf. The sea is named for the port of Okhotsk, itself named for the Okhota River.
Diss Express
The Diss Express is an English newspaper that covers a 500-square-mile circulation area on the Norfolk/Suffolk border. It was owned by Johnston Press, and a print edition was released every Friday. Major towns and villages covered by the Diss Express include Diss, Eye, Harleston, Debenham and Long Stratton.

Debenham
Debenham is a village and civil parish located 11 miles (18 km) north of Ipswich  in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. The River Deben rises in the parish, and flows along a prolonged ford through the village.
Herrold
Herrold is a surname of Anglo-Saxon origin, meaning "love of the army". Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Herrold (1875-1948), American inventor and pioneer radio broadcaster

Maurice Herrold (1869-1949), New Zealand rugby union player

Myha'la Herrold (born 1996), American actress

Charles Herrold
Charles David "Doc" Herrold (November 16, 1875 – July 1, 1948) was an American inventor and pioneer radio broadcaster, who began experimenting with audio radio transmissions in 1909. Beginning in 1912 he apparently became the first person to make entertainment broadcasts on a regular schedule, from his station in San Jose, California.
Argimusco
The Argimusco is a high plateau situated just north of Mount Etna in Sicily, Southern Italy, between the Nebrodi and Peloritani Mountains. It is located within the boundaries of the communes of Roccella Valdemone, Tripi, and Montalbano Elicona, the latter of which was constructed on the site of the prehistoric Abaca Enum. The location provides a comprehensive view of the Aeolian Islands, the Rocca Salvatesta and Montagna di Vernà mountains, cape Tindari, cape Calavà, and cape Milazzo.

Pizzo di Vernà
Pizzo di Vernà (also known as Montagna di Vernà, Pizzo Polo, Muntagna i Po) (1287 m) is a peak of the Peloritani Mountains, located in the province of Messina, Sicily. It is located in the South Western part of the Peloritani range in the territories of Antillo, Casalvecchio Siculo and Fondachelli-Fantina.
It is a difficult peak to climb because of the typical Mediterranean vegetation on its slopes, unless you take the path on the East wall. It is visited for its stunning landscape: from the top it’s possible to view Mount Etna, mount Rocca di Salvatesta, the Ionian coast and the Tyrrhenian coast. From Fondachelli-Fantina it is possible to see the Montagna di Vernà shining in the afternoon, lit by the sun. The mountain has been designated a Site of Community Importance (SIC).
Tennessee Tennis Hall of Fame
The Tennessee Tennis Hall of Fame is an organization created in 1992 under the authority of the United States Tennis Association (USTA) which is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. Tennessee is one of the nine states in the USTA's Southern Division, functioning as the "Tennessee Tennis Patrons Foundation" established in 1988. The latter is a non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation governed by an eight-member volunteer board which is responsible for choosing the state's hall of fame inductees. As of 2022, it includes 82 honorees including five-time U.S. Davis Cup member Roscoe Tanner  and Great Britain Davis Cup team member Derrick Barton who moved to Tennessee to coach.

Tennis in the United States
Tennis was first played in the United States in the 1870s. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, many American tennis players, such as Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, and Pete Sampras have achieved international success. The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the governing board for tennis in the United States, and is responsible for the promotion and development of tennis players in the U.S. It was known as the National Lawn Tennis Association until 1975.