hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mexborough and Swinton Tramway
The Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Company was a tramway system in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, founded in 1902 and which began services in 1907 linking Rotherham with the Old Toll Bar, Mexborough. Its routes served Manvers Main Colliery, Wath upon Dearne and the towns of Rotherham, Rawmarsh, Swinton and Mexborough.

Wath upon Dearne
Wath upon Dearne (shortened to Wath /ˈwɒθ/ or often hyphenated) is a town south of the River Dearne in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England, 5 miles (8 km) north of Rotherham and almost midway between Barnsley and Doncaster. It had a population of 11,816 at the 2011 census. It is twinned with Saint-Jean-de-Bournay in France.
Ontario Highway 82
King's Highway 82, also known as Highway 82, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The short highway followed the original routing of Highway 21 through Thedford until it was rerouted via Forest c. 1937. The route remained almost unchanged throughout its existence; it was renumbered as a northerly extension of Highway 79 c. 1980.

Forest, Ontario
43°06′N 82°00′W﻿ / ﻿43.100°N 82.000°W﻿ / 43.100; -82.000

Forest is a community in Lambton Shores, Ontario, Canada, near Sarnia and Lake Huron in Lambton County. It has a population of 2,876 (2011 Census) and a land area of 5.26 square kilometres (2.03 sq mi).
Dermot O'Mahony
Dermot (Gunn) O'Mahony (2 April 1881 – 22 April 1960) was an Irish politician and farmer. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency at the June 1927 general election. He was re-elected at the September 1927, 1932 and 1933 general elections. He was re-elected at the 1937 general election as a Fine Gael TD. He lost his seat at the 1938 general election.

His father Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony was an Irish Parliamentary Party Member of Parliament (MP) for North Meath from 1886 to 1892, and his great-grandfather Pierce Mahony was a Repeal MP for Kinsale from 1837 to 1838.

1933 Irish general election
The 1933 Irish general election to the 8th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 24 January following the dissolution of the 7th Dáil on 2 January by Governor-General Domhnall Ua Buachalla on the advice of the Executive Council. The general election took place in 30 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Irish Free State for 153 seats in Dáil Éireann.

The 8th Dáil met at Leinster House on 8 February to nominate the President and Executive Council of the Irish Free State for appointment by the Governor-General. Outgoing president Éamon de Valera was re-appointed leading a Fianna Fáil government, which fell one seat short of an overall majority.
Venkata Krishna Nayaka
Venkata Krishna Nayaka was a prominent military general under Chokkanatha Nayaka, the ruler of Madurai. he played a key role in several battles against Mysore Kingdom in the Madurai–Mysore Wars and Thanjavur Nayaks particularly in the Siege of Tanjore (1673). Venkata Krishna was instrumental in leading the Madurai forces to victory in the confrontation with the Tanjore kingdom, displaying courage and tactical skill. His title, "Sangora Kirita" (Crown of Battle), was a reflection of his valor and success on the battlefield. His leadership in the siege and capture of the Tanjore fort marked a significant military achievement further strengthening Chokkanatha Nayak’s rule.

Vijaya Raghava Nayak
Vijaya Raghava Nayak (also Vijayarāghava Nāyaka, 1590s–1673) was the fourth and last king of Sevappa Nayak's line. He ruled from 1634 to 1673. In 1673, Vijaya Raghava Nayak was defeated in battle by the Madurai Nayak king Chokkanatha Nayak who captured and beheaded him.
Corfe Castle railway station
Corfe Castle railway station is a railway station located in the village of Corfe Castle,  in the English county of Dorset. Originally an intermediate station on the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) branch line from Wareham to Swanage, the line and station were closed by British Rail in 1972. It has since reopened as a station on the Swanage Railway, a heritage railway that runs regularly from Norden station just north of Corfe Castle to Swanage station. The line also connects Wareham and Norden.

Furzebrook Railway
The Furzebrook Railway, also known as the Pike Brothers' Tramway, was a narrow gauge industrial railway on the Isle of Purbeck in the English county of Dorset. It was built by the Pike Brothers, to take Purbeck Ball Clay from their clay pits near Furzebrook and West Creech to a wharf at Ridge on the River Frome.
Shorb Line
The Shorb Line is a former Pacific Electric interurban railway line in Los Angeles County, California. Unlike most of the company's services, trains did not travel to Downtown Los Angeles and instead provided a suburban service between Pasadena and the transcontinental Southern Pacific railway at Alhambra.

Pacific Electric
The Pacific Electric Railway Company, nicknamed the Red Cars, was a privately owned mass transit system in Southern California consisting of electrically powered streetcars, interurban cars, and buses and was the largest electric railway system in the world in the 1920s. Organized around the city centers of Los Angeles and San Bernardino, it connected cities in Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County and Riverside County.

The system shared dual gauge track with the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge Los Angeles Railway, "Yellow Car," or "LARy" system on Main Street in downtown Los Angeles (directly in front of the 6th and Main terminal), on 4th Street, and along Hawthorne Boulevard south of downtown Los Angeles toward the cities of Hawthorne, Gardena, and Torrance.
Live at the Fillmore East 1970
Live at the Fillmore East 1970, is the fourth live album by Ten Years After recorded in February 1970.  This double-disc album features many rock and blues covers, such as Chuck Berry's "Sweet Little Sixteen", and "Roll Over Beethoven" and also Willie Dixon's "Spoonful", which was also covered by Cream on their albums Fresh Cream and Wheels of Fire.  Unlike Ten Years After studio album A Space In Time - which was released next year, in 1971 - Live at the Fillmore East does not have as much of a pop sound, but more of a 1950s blues sound.

Roll Over Beethoven
"Roll Over Beethoven" is a 1956 song written by Chuck Berry, originally released on Chess Records, with "Drifting Heart" as the B-side. The lyrics of the song mention rock and roll and the desire for rhythm and blues to be as respected as  classical music. The song has been covered by many other artists, including the Rolling Stones and the Beatles (both in 1963). Rolling Stone magazine ranked it number 97 on its 2004 list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Stanny Boy and Frantastic
"Stanny Boy and Frantastic" is the tenth episode of the seventh season of American Dad!.  It aired on Fox in the United States on January 23, 2011. This episode centers around the couple of Stan and Francine, who are bored with their lives. In a desperate attempt to get out of the house, Stan and Francine take Hayley's tickets to a circus in order to invite and bond with a couple. While at the show, they both meet Tom and Cami, a young couple. All four go out on various outings, and Stan and Francine begin to have trouble keeping up with the fast-paced lifestyle of Cami and Tom.

This episode was written by Laura McCreary, and directed by Pam Cooke and Valerie Fletcher. It received mostly positive reception upon its release, with much of the praise stemming from the main storyline. It was watched by 4.80 million homes during its original airing. It featured guest appearances from Paget Brewster, Sarah Chalke, Anthony Michael Hall, Kevin Michael Richardson, and Elmarie Wendel.

Hayley Smith (American Dad!)
Hayley Dreamsmasher Smith is a fictional character from the animated television series American Dad!. She is voiced by Rachael MacFarlane, the younger sister of one of the series' co-creators, Seth MacFarlane. She is Stan and Francine Smith's 19-year-old daughter and Steve's older sister.

Hayley, along with her father Stan, was one of the first two characters who were conceived and created for the series. Across the series, Hayley's storylines typically involve her liberal opinions clashing with her father's staunch conservative beliefs, and her on-again-off-again relationship with boyfriend Jeff Fischer, whom she marries in the show's sixth season.
Blackwater (MOFRO album)
Blackwater is the first studio album by the Jacksonville, Florida based band MOFRO.

The recording was named One Of The Best Of The Decade In Music by amazon.com.

The Enhanced CD contains bonus audio and in-studio video.

Enhanced CD
Enhanced CD is a certification mark of the Recording Industry Association of America for various technologies that combine audio and computer data for use in both CD-Audio and CD-ROM players.

Formats that fall under the enhanced CD category include mixed mode CD (Yellow Book CD-ROM/Red Book CD-DA), CD-i, CD-i Ready, and CD-Extra/CD-Plus (Blue Book, also called simply Enhanced Music CD or E-CD).
Çayırköy Cave
Çayırköy Cave (Turkish: Çayırköy Mağarası) is a cave located in Çayırköy town of Zonguldak Province, northern Turkey. The site is a geosite of the Zonguldak Coal Geopark.

The cave is a river cave which forms a resurgence, the water sinks 1.5 km to the west in the Sofular valley. The water was used as drinking water by the Romans. Right after the spring it was collected and transported to the city of Tios – Tieion, today’s Filyos, in a canal or waterway, which had a length of some 25 km. So the site is not only a geosite but also an archaeological site.

The cave which is visited is the upper level of the cave which is dry. After a huge entrance portal which has a massive hill of debris from the cliff above, the trail descends to the actual cave floor. This passage forms an enormous chamber with huge stalactites. As the daylight still reaches this section, it is green with moss, including the speleothems.

Stalactite
A stalactite (UK: /ˈstæləkˌtaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæktaɪt/; from Ancient Greek  σταλακτός (stalaktós) 'dripping', from  σταλάσσειν (stalássein) 'to drip') is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or man-made structures such as bridges and mines. Any material that is soluble and that can be deposited as a colloid, or is in suspension, or is capable of being melted, may form a stalactite. Stalactites may be composed of lava, minerals, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats). A stalactite is not necessarily a speleothem, though speleothems are the most common form of stalactite because of the abundance of limestone caves.

The corresponding formation on the floor of the cave is known as a stalagmite.
Dinoroseobacter shibae
Dinoroseobacter shibae is a facultative anaerobic anoxygenic photoheterotroph belonging to the family, Rhodobacteraceae.  First isolated from washed cultivated dinoflagellates, they have been reported to have mutualistic as well as pathogenic symbioses with dinoflagellates.

Photoheterotroph
Photoheterotrophs (Gk: photo = light, hetero = (an)other, troph = nourishment) are heterotrophic phototrophs—that is, they are organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Consequently, they use organic compounds from the environment to satisfy their carbon requirements; these compounds include carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols. Examples of photoheterotrophic organisms include purple non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria. These microorganisms are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats, occupy unique niche-spaces, and contribute to global biogeochemical cycling. Recent research has also indicated that the oriental hornet and some aphids may be able to use light to supplement their energy supply. Some recent research has even found hints of photoheterotrophy in a few eukaryotes, though it's still being studied.
Ball-on-ring test
The ball-on-ring test (BoR test) is a mechanical testing method for determining the biaxial strength of brittle materials, particularly in thin disc-shaped specimens. Its use has been standardized in procedures such as ASTM F394-78, and it has become widely adopted in industrial and academic settings due to its reliability in measuring surface flaw sensitivity, particularly after processes like wafer backgrinding. Unlike uniaxial tests, the BoR test directs the highest tensile stresses to the center of the specimen, away from potentially flawed edges, improving reproducibility and relevance for real-world applications.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Salt Pond Township, Saline County, Missouri
Salt Pond Township is an inactive township in Saline County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The two principle settlements in the township are Sweet Springs and Emma. Emma is on the border with Freedom Township in Lafayette County. The principle waterway in the township is the Blackwater River, with its major tributary, Davis Creek. The northernmost part of the Perry Memorial Conservation Area is located in Salt Pond Township.

Salt Pond Township was established on November 25, 1820 when Saline County was created, and it was named for the numerous brine springs in the area; but it was not formally organized until May 1834. The first European settlement in the township was in 1817 by Edward Reavis who established his family and retainers about four miles north of present-day Sweet Springs, where he engaged in salt mining.

Brine spring
A brine spring or salt spring is a saltwater spring.

Brine springs are not necessarily associated with halite deposits in the immediate vicinity. They may occur at valley bottoms made of clay and gravel which became soggy with brine seeped downslope from the valley sides.

Historically, brine springs have been early sources of U.S. salt production, as in the case of the salterns in Syracuse, New York and at the Illinois Salines.
Yury of Moscow
Yury (Georgy) Danilovich (Russian: Юрий (Георгий) Данилович; 1281 – 21 November 1325) was Prince of Moscow from 1303 to 1325 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1318 to 1322. He contested the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir with his uncle Mikhail of Tver. As Yury's father had never held the title, he had no legitimate claim. Despite two failed campaigns by Mikhail to subdue Yury, the latter allied with the Golden Horde and married the khan's sister Konchaka. However, he never had any children with her and was made grand prince after Mikhail's execution in 1318.

Yury III faced resistance and difficulties in collecting tribute for the Horde, prompting several punitive expeditions. In 1322, Mikhail's son Dmitry of Tver accused him of embezzlement and obtained the grand princely title. Dmitry also succeeded in killing Yury. Before his death, Yury led a campaign against the Swedes and founded a fort at the Neva River.

Peter of Moscow
Peter of Moscow (Russian: Пётр Московский, Peter of Kiev, Peter of Rata, Russian: Пётр Ратенский, Ukrainian: Петро Ратенський; c. 1260 – 20 December 1326) was an Eastern Orthodox bishop of Kiev, who moved his see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, the office remained officially entitled "Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'" until the autocephalous election of Jonah in 1448.
Pefko, Messenia
Pefko (Greek: Πεύκο meaning "pine tree", before 1958: Μπάλα - Bala) is a small, scenic village in the municipal unit of Oichalia, Messenia, Greece. It is situated in the northwestern foothills of the Taygetus Mountains, between Sparta and Kalamata.

Taygetus
The Taygetus, Taugetus, Taygetos or Taÿgetus (Greek: Ταΰγετος, romanized: Taygetos) is a mountain range on the Peloponnese peninsula in Southern Greece. The highest mountain of the range is Mount Taygetus, also known as "Profitis Ilias", or "Prophet Elias" (Elijah).

The name is one of the oldest recorded in Europe, appearing in the Odyssey. In classical mythology, it was associated to the nymph Taygete and it was named after her. During Byzantine times and up until the 19th century, the mountain was also known as Pentadaktylos (Πενταδάκτυλος; Greek for five-fingered, a common name during that period).
Sheelagh Islands
Sheelagh Islands is a group of small islands lying 4.8 km (3 mi) south of Cape Kolosov, near the mouth of Amundsen Bay in Enderby Land. They were possibly the site of the landing from an aircraft by Riiser-Larsen on December 22, 1929. An ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party landed on them on February 14, 1958. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for the wife of R.H.J. Thompson, Administrative Officer of the Antarctic Division and second-in-command of the expedition.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Christianity in Niger
Christianity in Niger was brought with French colonial institutions, and its adherents include local believers from the educated, the elite, and colonial families, as well as immigrants from neighboring coastal countries, particularly Benin, Togo, and Ghana.

Zinder
Zinder (locally, Damagaram), formerly also spelled Sinder, is the third largest city in Niger, with a population of 235,605 as by the 2012 census. It is situated 861 km (535 mi) east of the capital Niamey and 240 km (150 mi) north of the Nigerian city of Kano.
Shinpei Mykawa
Shinpei Mykawa (前川 真平, Maekawa Shinpei; December 1, 1874 in Aichi, Japan – April 24, 1906 in Erin Station, Texas) was a Japanese rice farmer who introduced the cultivation of rice in parts of southeast Texas. The community of Mykawa and Mykawa Road in Houston are named after him.

Ancestry.com
Ancestry.com LLC is an American genealogy company based in Lehi, Utah. The largest for-profit genealogy company in the world, it operates a network of genealogical, historical records, and related genetic genealogy websites. It is owned by Blackstone Inc., which acquired the company on December 4, 2020, in a deal valued at $4.7 billion.

As of 2022, the company said it had provided access to 30 billion historical records, tripling its November 2018 figure of 10 billion records. In 2018 it also reported having 3 million paying subscribers, and to have sold 18 million DNA kits to customers. By 2023, Ancestry was the largest provider of consumer DNA testing in the world with a network of more than 25 million users, and Ancestry DNA testing is available in 128 countries.

As well as its main website, Ancestry operates country-specific versions for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Aspasma
Aspasma minima is a species of clingfish found in the Pacific Ocean near the shores of southern Japan.  This species grows to 5 cm (2.0 in) in standard length.  This species is the only species in the monotypic genus Aspasma. This species was described in 1887 by the German zoologist and paleontologist Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Döderlein from a type collected at a depth of 100-150 fathoms in Sagami Bay, Japan.

Fathom
A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and U.S. customary systems equal to 6 feet (1.8288 m), used especially for measuring the depth of water. The fathom is neither an international standard (SI) unit, nor an internationally accepted non-SI unit. Historically, it was the maritime measure of depth in the English-speaking world but, apart from within the US, charts now use metres.

There are two yards (6 feet) in an imperial fathom. Originally the span of a man's outstretched arms, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an (Admiralty) nautical mile or as a multiple of the imperial yard. Formerly, the term was used for any of several units of length varying around 5–5+1⁄2 feet (1.5–1.7 m).
Robert Genuario
Robert Genuario (born March 31, 1952) is a Connecticut Superior Court judge appointed by Governor M. Jodi Rell in 2005. He had served as Secretary of the State of Connecticut Office of Policy and Management since January 2005. He was a seven-term Republican member of the Connecticut Senate, representing Norwalk and part of Darien, Connecticut in Connecticut's 25th District from 1991 to 2001.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Hasubanan
Hasubanan is an alkaloid with the chemical formula of C16H21N.  It forms the central core of a class of alkaloids known collectively as hasubanans.  The compound is derived from reticuline, as is morphinan, but is comparatively more oxidized and rearranged. It is similar to acutumine.

Various alkaloids of this family have been synthesized in the laboratories.

Reticuline
Reticuline is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid. It is also classified as a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. It is produced in the opium poppy from the amino acid tyrosine, initially as (S)-reticuline, which is a precursor to alkaloids including papaverine and stylopine. Another large group of alkaloids including morphine are made after (S)-reticuline has been converted in the poppy to its enantiomer, (R)-reticuline.
Saman, Ilam
Saman (Persian: سامان, also Romanized as Sāmān) is a village in Helilan Rural District, Helilan District, Chardavol County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 787, in 150 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.