hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nara language
The Nara (Nera) or Barea (Barya) language is spoken by the Nara people in an area just to the north of Barentu in the Gash-Barka Region of western Eritrea. The language is often confused with Kunama, which is at best only distantly related.

The endangerment status of Nara is unclear. According to Glottolog it is not endangered, but according to Tsige Hailemichael, the "...Nara language is in danger of quickly disappearing."

Nara has been classified as Northern Eastern Sudanic by Rilly (2009:2), but Glottolog considers the evidence unpersuasive and classifies Nara as an isolate.

Gash-Barka region
Gash-Barka (Tigrinya: ጋሽ-ባርካ, Arabic: ‎‎‎إقليم قاش بركة) is an administrative region of Eritrea. It is situated in the south-west of the country, bordering the Anseba region to the north, and the Maekel (Central) and Debub (Southern) regions to the east; the country of Sudan lies to the west and Ethiopia to the south.

The capital of Gash-Barka is Barentu. Other towns include Agordat (the former capital), Molki, Sebderat and Teseney. As of 2005, the region had a population of 708,800 compared to a population of 625,100 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.81 per cent. The total area of the province was 33,200 km2 and the density was 21.35 persons per km2., making up roughly one-third of Eritrea. The region is dubbed as the "breadbasket" of the country as it is rich in agriculture. The region is also rich in marble, and other important minerals, including gold. In Ougaro, there are some old mineshafts and machinery from the days when the Italians mined gold there.
Grobiakoko
Grobiakoko is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Divo, Divo Department, Lôh-Djiboua Region, Gôh-Djiboua District.

Grobiakoko was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Divo Department
Divo Department is a department of Lôh-Djiboua Region in Gôh-Djiboua District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 571,688 and its seat is the settlement of Divo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Chiépo, Didoko, Divo, Hiré, Nébo, Ogoudou, and Zégo.
A Star Is Born (Canada's Drag Race)
"A Star Is Born" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the Canadian reality competition television series Canada's Drag Race, which aired on January 4, 2024 on the television network Crave. In this episode the queens must give a drag makeover to a loved one. Sarain Fox is the guest judge who is joined by regular panelists Brooke Lynn Hytes, Brad Goreski and Traci Melchor.

At the 13th Canadian Screen Awards the episode won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Achievement in Hair.

Brad Goreski
Brad Goreski (born August 15, 1977) is a Canadian-American celebrity fashion stylist and television personality. He first gained prominence in 2008, as Rachel Zoe's assistant on the Rachel Zoe Project. In 2015, he joined Fashion Police as a co-host. From 2021 to 2024, he was one of the regular judges on Canada's Drag Race.
The Spats
The Spats were a New Zealand band operating between 1977 and 1979. Members included Fane Flaws, Peter Dasent, Bruno Lawrence and Tony Backhouse. Spats worked with the Limbs Dance Company, a contemporary dance company based in New Zealand. One piece was called New Wave Goodbye.

The band became the nucleus of the Crocodiles, a new wave/pop band.

Tony Backhouse
Tony Backhouse (born 1947) is a singer, musician and composer from New Zealand and is a key player in the Australasian  a cappella movement. He played in New Zealand bands such as the Crocodiles, and formed Australian a cappella groups, the Elevators, the Cafe of the Gate of Salvation, the Honeybees and the Heavenly Lights. In NZ, he formed the Napier Gospel Choir. Currently he lives in Sydney and works as a singer, composer, author and workshop leader, in the areas of vocal arranging and gospel music. He composes and arranges mainly for a cappella choirs, always with an ear to vernacular traditions – contemporary funk, African choirs, gospel – and to anything polyphonic. Works that typify his style are Jubilation and (I've Been Given) Two Wing as sung by the Café of the Gate of Salvation.
Simas Kudirka
Simas Kudirka (9 April 1930 – 11 February 2023) was a Lithuanian sailor. He is best known for the attempted defection from the Soviet Union in 1970 and subsequent activism against the Soviet regime in Lithuania.  An important outcome of the incident was the creation of the improved guidelines for handling defections by American officials.

Defection
In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.

This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion, sports team, political party, or other rival faction. In that sense, the defector is often considered a traitor by their original side.
German submarine U-33 (1936)
German submarine U-33 was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Her keel was laid down on 1 September 1935 at the Germaniawerft in Kiel. She was launched on 11 June 1936 and commissioned on 25 July with Ottoheinrich Junker in command. He was relieved by Kurt Freiwald on 22 November. Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) Hans-Wilhelm von Dresky took over on 29 October 1938 and commanded the boat until her loss.

Rotors from Kriegsmarine's Enigma machine were captured from the survivors, the wiring of which was unknown at that time to British codebreakers at Bletchley Park.

Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Rotor machines were the cryptographic state-of-the-art for much of the 20th century; they were in widespread use from the 1920s to the 1970s. The most famous example is the German Enigma machine, the output of which was deciphered by the Allies during World War II,  producing intelligence code-named Ultra.
Luard Road
Luard Road (Chinese: 盧押道) is a north–south running street in the Wan Chai District of Hong Kong. It runs from Gloucester Road to the north, to Johnston Road to the south. It passes by Southorn Playground to the east of the road.

The street was named after Major-General Charles Camac Luard (1867–1947), who was Commander of British Troops in South China.

Commander British Forces in Hong Kong
The Commander British Forces in Hong Kong (CBF) was a senior British Army officer who acted as Military Advisor to the Governor of Hong Kong and was in charge of the Hong Kong British Forces. The officeholder of this post concurrently assumed the office of the Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong before the abolition of the position in 1902.
Jean-Joseph Surin
Jean-Joseph Surin (French: [syʁɛ̃]; 9 February 1600 – 21 April 1665) was a French Jesuit priest, mystic, devotional writer and exorcist. He is remembered for his participation in the exorcisms of Loudun in 1634–37.

He was born and died in Bordeaux.

Guyenne
Guyenne or Guienne (/ɡiˈjɛn/ ghee-YEN, French: [ɡɥijɛn]; Occitan: Guiana [ˈɡjanɔ]) was an old French province which corresponded roughly to the Roman province of Aquitania Secunda and the Catholic archdiocese of Bordeaux.
Ian Andrews
Ian Edmund Andrews (born 1 December 1964, in Nottingham) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Leicester City, Swindon Town, Leeds United, Southampton and AFC Bournemouth, and in the Scottish Premier Division for Celtic. He was capped by England at under-21 level. His last appearance in the League was for Bournemouth in 1996, but while working for Leicester City as goalkeeping coach and physiotherapist, he was an unused substitute as late as the 2001–02 season. In 2004, he joined TeamBath as physiotherapist.

He is an alumnus of Manchester Metropolitan University

Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester Metropolitan University is a public university in Manchester, England. The university's predecessor, Manchester Polytechnic, gained university status in 1992. The university has 44,000 students and over 5,100 members of staff. It is home to four faculties (Arts and Humanities, Business and Law, Health and Education and Science and Engineering). It is the fifth-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment.
Stanisław Sosabowski
Stanisław Franciszek Sosabowski CBE (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲiswaf sɔsaˈbɔfskʲi]; 8 May 1892 – 25 September 1967) was a Polish general in World War II. He fought in the Polish Campaign of 1939 and at the Battle of Arnhem (Netherlands), as a part of Operation Market Garden, in 1944 as commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade.

Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces (Polish: Wojska Lądowe) are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918.
Language model
A language model is a computational model  that predicts sequences in natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, handwriting recognition, grammar induction, and information retrieval.

Large language models (LLMs), currently their most advanced form as of 2019, are predominantly based on transformers trained on larger datasets (frequently using texts scraped from the public internet). They have superseded recurrent neural network-based models, which had previously superseded the purely statistical models, such as the word n-gram language model.

Pathfinding
Pathfinding or pathing is the search, by a computer application, for the shortest route between two points. It is a more practical variant on solving mazes. This field of research is based heavily on Dijkstra's algorithm for finding the shortest path on a weighted graph.

Pathfinding is closely related to the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc) between two points in a large network.
Hesperilla ornata
Hesperilla ornata, also known as the spotted skipper or spotted sedge-skipper, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found along the non-tropical eastern seaboard of mainland Australia and in the adjacent mountain ranges.

The wingspan is about 40 mm.

The larvae feed on various Carex and Gahnia species, including Carex brunnea, Carex longebrachiata, Gahnia aspera, Gahnia clarkei, Gahnia erythrocarpa, Gahnia grandis, Gahnia melanocarpa, Gahnia radula and Gahnia sieberiana.

Gahnia
Gahnia (sawsedge, saw-sedge) is a genus of sedges native to China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and a number of Pacific Islands. The common name is due to the toothed margins. It often forms tussocks.
Come Out Fighting (1945 film)
Come Out Fighting is a 1945 American film directed by William Beaudine. It was the last in the Monogram Pictures series of "East Side Kids" films before the series was reinvented as "The Bowery Boys.  Film critic Leonard Maltin described the film as "grating," giving it one and a half out of four stars.

1945 in film
The year 1945 in film involved some significant events. With 1945 being the last year of World War II, the many films released this year had themes of patriotism, sacrifices, and peace. In the United States, there were more than eighteen thousand movie theatres operating in 1945, a figure that grew by a third from a decade earlier.
Lords of the Levee
Lords of the Levee is a 1943 non-fiction book by longtime Chicago Tribune reporters Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan in one of three collaborations about the city of Chicago, focusing on its politicians "Bathhouse" John Coughlin and "Hinky Dink" Kenna, notorious alderman for the City of Chicago's lakeside First Ward. The book was reprinted in 1967 by Indiana University Press. In 1974, Indiana University Press published the book again under the title Bosses in Lusty Chicago, along with a new introduction by Illinois Senator Paul Douglas. The book appeared under its original title in 2005 when it was reprinted by Northwestern University Press.

Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)
Paul Howard Douglas (March 26, 1892 – September 24, 1976) was an American politician and Georgist economist. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. senator from Illinois for eighteen years, from 1949 to 1967. During his Senate career, he was a prominent member of the liberal coalition.

Born in Massachusetts and raised in Maine, Douglas graduated from Bowdoin College and Columbia University. He served as a professor of economics at several schools, most notably the University of Chicago, and earned a reputation as a reformer while a member of the Chicago City Council (1939–1942). During World War II, he served in the U.S. Marine Corps, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel and becoming known as a war hero.

He first married Dorothy Wolff in 1915. They had four children. He divorced her in 1930 and a year later married Emily Taft Douglas, daughter of sculptor Lorado Taft and a U.S. representative from Illinois's At-large district (1945–1947).
Alessi Brothers
The Alessi Brothers, also known as Alessi, are an American pop rock singer-songwriter duo who first came to international prominence with their 1977 hit single "Oh, Lori". The duo are identical twin brothers, Billy and Bobby Alessi (born July 12, 1953, West Hempstead, New York).

West Hempstead, New York
West Hempstead is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) within the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 19,835 at the time of the 2020 census.

It is an unincorporated area in the Town of Hempstead and is represented by Councilman Edward Ambrosino.
Mularaja II
Mularaja (r. 1175 – 1178 CE), also known as Bala Mularaja (lit. 'Child Mularaja'), was an Indian king from the Chaulukya dynasty of Gujarat. He ruled the present-day Gujarat and surrounding areas from his capital Anahilapataka (modern Patan). He ascended the throne as a child, and his mother Naiki Devi acted as the regent during his short reign. The Chaulukyas repulsed a Ghurid invasion when he was 13 years old. The Paramara king Vindhyavarman made attempts to evict the Chaulukyas from Malwa during his reign, and succeeded in regaining control of Malwa either during Mularaja's lieftime or shortly after his death.

R. C. Majumdar
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (known as R. C. Majumdar; 4 December 1888 – 11 February 1980) was an Indian historian and professor known for promoting Hindu nationalist views. He principally studied the history of India.
Harry Brightwell
Arthur Harry Brightwell (born 4 August 1932) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1993. He was a veterinarian by career.

Born in Matheson, Ontario, he attended the Ontario Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario where he graduated in 1956.

He campaigned in the 1984 federal election where he won the Perth electoral district for the Progressive Conservative party. He served there for the 33rd Canadian Parliament.

When riding boundaries were altered in 1987, Brightwell campaigned in the Perth—Wellington—Waterloo electoral district in the following 1988 federal election. He was re-elected, but by a slim two percent margin over Liberal candidate Mike Stinson. After serving in the 34th Canadian Parliament he lost the riding to John Richardson of the Liberal Party in the 1993 federal election.

Perth—Wellington—Waterloo
Perth—Wellington—Waterloo was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1997. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1987 from parts of Perth, Waterloo and Wellington—Dufferin—Simcoe ridings.

The riding consisted of the County of Perth, the townships of Wellesley and Wilmot in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, and the Village of Drayton and the townships of Maryborough and Peel in the County of Wellington.

It was abolished in 1996 when it was re-distributed between Perth—Middlesex and Waterloo—Wellington ridings.
Para-Commando Anti-tank Company
The Para-commando Anti-Tank Company (French: Compagnie Antitank  Para-Commando, Dutch: Antitankcompagnie Paracommando), usually shortened to ATk Company was an airborne anti-tank forces company of the Belgian Army and part of the Para-Commando Brigade, which specialized in airborne operations, anti-tank warfare, artillery observer, combat patrol, long-range penetration, maneuver warfare, patrolling, and special reconnaissance. In 1994, it was merged with the 3rd Lancers Squadron to form the 3rd Parachute Lancers Regiment.

1/3rd Lancers Battalion
The 1st/3rd Lancers Battalion (French: 1/3 Bataillon de Lanciers) is an infantry battalion in the Belgian Army of the Belgian armed forces. It is an amalgamation of the former 1st Lancers Regiment and the 3rd Lancers Regiment which has been re-roled to an infantry battalion but maintains cavalry customs and traditions. The battalion is a motorized infantry unit of the Motorized Brigade. The amalgamated unit served in Kosovo. It will again be reoriented towards a light cavalry role when the Jaguar vehicles are delivered.
Sam Plank
Terry Hilton (1948/1949 – 10 February 2011, better known as Sam Plank) was a British local radio broadcaster, known for his talk-based radio programmes in Staffordshire, The Potteries and Stoke-on-Trent on BBC Radio Stoke and Signal 2.

Plank left Signal to set up Trent Radio broadcasting as Focal Radio which was bought out by local businessman Mo Chaudry from administration.  Focal Radio ceased broadcasting in May 2009 after the team couldn't raise enough funds to buy out the chairman of the company who had pulled out.

Plank also broadcast on Moorlands Radio to the Staffordshire Moorlands where as well as presenting the 10 - 1 programme every weekday he was sales manager. He did considerable charity work and highlighted many political issues.

Plank died of cancer on 10 February 2011, aged 62.

BBC Radio Stoke
BBC Radio Stoke is the BBC's local radio station serving Staffordshire and South Cheshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, Freeview and via BBC Sounds from studios in the Hanley area of Stoke-on-Trent.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 118,000 listeners and an 8.9% share as of December 2023.
The Completion Backward Principle
The Completion Backward Principle is the fifth studio album by the American rock band the Tubes. It is the group's first for Capitol Records. It was accompanied by a long-form music video release of the same name, although it did not contain all of the songs from the album. It is a concept album presented as a motivational business document.  The album contains two hit singles, "Don't Want to Wait Anymore" and "Talk to Ya Later."

Bobby Colomby
Robert Wayne Colomby (born December 20, 1944) is a jazz-fusion drummer, record producer and television presenter. He is best known as an original member of the group Blood, Sweat & Tears, which he co-founded in 1967. He has also played with many other musical artists.
Władysławów, Zgierz County
Władysławów [vwadɨˈswavuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Zgierz and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

Zgierz
Zgierz [zɡʲɛʂ] ⓘ is a city in central Poland, located just to the north of Łódź, and part of the Łódź metropolitan area. As of 2021, it had a population of 54,974. Located within the historic Łęczyca Land, it is the capital of Zgierz County in the Łódź Voivodeship.
Adelaide Ames
Adelaide Ames (June 3, 1900 – June 26, 1932) was an American astronomer and research assistant at Harvard University. She was best known for her work on detailed surveys of the brightest extra-galactic spiral nebulae. She contributed to the study of galaxies with her co-authorship of A Survey of the External Galaxies Brighter Than the Thirteenth Magnitude, which was later known as the Shapley-Ames catalog. Ames was a member of the American Astronomical Society. She was a contemporary of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and her closest friend at the observatory.

Ames died in a boating accident in 1932, the same year the Shapley-Ames catalog was published.

Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, it forms part of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.

HCO houses the Harvard Plate Stacks, a collection of approximately 600,000 astronomical plates taken between the mid-1880s and 1989 (with a gap from 1953–1968). This 100-year coverage is a unique resource for studying temporal variations in the universe. The Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard project scanned and 429,274 direct image plates, leaving nearly 200,000 spectra and other photographic plates yet to be digitized. In 2024, a new database, StarGlass, was created to combine the scientific data from the plates with the Plate Stack's archival holdings.
Haemaphysalis intermedia
Haemaphysalis intermedia, the flat-inner-spurred haemaphysalid, is a hard-bodied tick of the genus Haemaphysalis. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. It is an obligate ectoparasite of mammals. It is a potential vector of Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Ganjam virus, and Nairobi sheep disease virus.

Kyasanur Forest disease
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to southwestern India. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. The KFD virus (KFDV) is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected hard ticks (Haemaphysalis spinigera), which act as a reservoir of KFDV.
XYplorer
XYplorer (pronounced X-Y-plorer or Zai-plorer, formerly known as TrackerV3) is a file manager for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10, and 11. XYplorer is a hybrid file manager that combines features found in navigational and orthodox file managers.  In addition to dual folder panes it features a file tree and a tabbed interface supporting drag-and-drop between tabs and panes. The program used to be available as Pro and Free versions. The Free version is still available as a feature-limited freeware version. The "Pro" was then dropped and just known as "XYPlorer". The program is available in a fully featured trialware version.

Paned window (computing)
A paned window is a window in a graphical user interface that has multiple parts, layers, or sections. Examples of this include a code browser in a typical integrated development environment; a file browser with multiple panels; a tiling window manager; or  a web page that contains multiple frames. Simple console applications use an edit pane for accepting input and an output pane for displaying output.

The term task pane is used by Microsoft to identify any area cordoned off from the main screen area of an application and used for a specific function, such as changing the displayed font in a word processor.