hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clayton Knight Committee
The Clayton Knight Committee was founded by Billy Bishop and Clayton Knight in 1940. Homer Smith and several German émigrés, who wanted America to join the war against the Axis powers, provided funding for the secret and unlawful commissioning agency. Its mission was to bring Americans to Canada in order to prepare and battle for the Allies while the US was still neutral. By Canada allowing the training to take place on their soil, it is considered the most important contribution it made to the Allied air war. This was before the US declared war on Japan and Germany. The committee was forced to defend itself from opposing forces such as, "pacifists and isolationists, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt."

United States declaration of war on Japan
On December 8, 1941, at 12:30 PM ET, the United States Congress declared war (Pub. L. 77–328, 55 Stat. 795) on the Empire of Japan in response to its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent declaration of war the prior day. The Joint Resolution Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same was formulated an hour after the Infamy Speech of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II. The Japanese government had originally intended to deliver their own declaration of war thirty minutes before the attack, but the Japanese embassy in Washington took too long to decode the 5,000-word document.
Former Region 5 (Johannesburg)
Region 5 was an administrative district in the City of Johannesburg, from 2000 to 2006, covering the greater Roodepoort, Randburg, Olivedale and Northriding areas on the western flank of the City of Johannesburg. Its long western boundary forms most of the unicity's western boundary. To the north (Region 1) and east (Regions 2, 3, and 4) it shared boundaries with largely prosperous residential areas. To the south, it met the northern boundary of Region 6, Doornkop/Soweto. The region was abolished with a reorganisation of regions in 2006.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Yoell's Copse
Yoell's Copse is a  5.5-hectare (14-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Horndean in Hampshire. It is owned and managed by Horndean Parish Council.

This ancient wood has coppiced mature oak trees and wild service trees. There are uncommon plants such as butcher's-broom and common cow-wheat.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.
The Green Light (film)
The Green Light (Russian: Зелёный огонёк, romanized: Zelyoniy ogonyok) is a 1964 Soviet comedy film directed by Villen Azarov. The film tells about the good-natured taxi driver Sergey and his first trip around the city of Moscow on an old dilapidated Moskvitch during which he helps people out. (The green light on a taxi of the time used to indicate that it is vacant.)

Moskvitch
Moskvitch or Moskvich (Russian: Москвич) (also written as Moskvich, Moskvič, or Moskwitsch) is a Soviet/Russian automobile brand produced by AZLK from 1946 to 1991 and by OAO Moskvitch from 1991 to 2001. Production resumed in 2022.

OAO Moskvitch is the name of a privatized venture given to the former factory to avoid legal issues after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since the factory had no assembly branches outside Russia after 1991, its name is largely used today to refer to the building located in the lower eastern part of Moscow.

The word moskvich itself translates as "a native of Moscow; Muscovite".
Venus Lake
Venus Lake (also called Lake Kechewaishke or Kechewaishke Lake) is a small mesotrophic rural lake in Oneida County in northern Wisconsin in the United States, at the intersection of U.S. Route 45 and U.S. Route 8, about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Pelican Lake and adjacent to the small settlement of Monico. The slightly smaller Mars Lake and the somewhat larger Neptune Lake are nearby, to the northwest.

Venus Lake is 64 acres (0.26 km2) in area with a maximum depth of 21 feet (6.4 m). Venus Lake is used for fishing. Panfish species include Largemouth Bass and Northern Pike, and Walleye and Bluegill. Rusty Crayfish, a rapidly expanding invasive species, are present in the lake. There is no boat ramp.

Panfish
The word panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an American English term describing any edible freshwater fish that usually do not outgrow the size of an average frying pan. It is also commonly used by recreational anglers to refer to any small game fish that can fit wholly into a pan for cooking but are still large enough to be legal. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term was first recorded in 1796 in American Cookery, the first known cookbook written by an American author.
Ahmed Rushdi Mostari
Ahmed Rushdi Mostari (also spelled Ahmad Roshdi, with Rushdi/Roshdi being his sobriquet; 1637–1699/1700) was a Bosniak Mevlevi poet from Mostar. The son of a certain Abdullah, at a young age, he moved to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), where he attended a palace page-school (becoming an ʿajemi oghlan). He later became a teacher (mudarres), before withdrawing from public service and becoming the manager of a bookshop. Rushdi's reputation stems from his talent as a gifted poet, and in particular one who wrote about philosophical imagination and symbolism pertaining to Sufism. He authored a divan, in which, amongst others, are three ghazals and one qet'a in Persian. Rushdi's poetry is written in the "Indian style" and is noted for its heavy melancholy, being related to the death and burial of his only son.

Diwan (poetry)
A diwan (from Persian دیوان divân [d̪iːˈvɒːn]; Arabic pronunciation: [diːˈwaːn]) is a collection of poems by a single author – usually excluding the poet's long poems – in Islamic cultures of West Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, Sicily and South Asia.

The vast majority of Diwan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals (or gazels, which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition) or kasîdes. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the mesnevî—a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the Layla and Majnun (ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the Hüsn ü Aşk (حسن و عشق – 'Beauty and Love') of Şeyh Gâlib.

Originating in Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab, Turkic and Indic worlds, and the term was sometimes used in Europe, albeit not always in the same way.
Cher Coulter
Cher Coulter (born August 12, 1976) is a British celebrity stylist and fashion designer. She is known for her list of celebrity clientele, including Sienna Miller, Kate Bosworth, Elizabeth Olsen, and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley.

Personal stylist
A personal stylist  advises individuals on new fashion trends, clothing styles, personal styles, colors, and make-up. A personal stylist is not to be confused with a wardrobe stylist, who selects the clothing for published editorial features, print or television advertising campaigns, music videos, concert performances, and public appearances made by celebrities and models. Personal stylists typically work one-on-one with a client, while wardrobe stylists are often part of a larger creative team collaborating with a fashion designer, photographer, art director, hair stylist, and makeup artist to put together a particular look or theme for a specific project.
Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine
Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒozɛf də kɔlʁɛn]) is a municipality in the Municipalité régionale de comté des Appalaches in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 2,018 as of 2009. It is named after Saint Joseph, father of Jesus, and the town of Coleraine in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality
Les Appalaches (French pronunciation: [lez‿apalaʃ]) is a regional county municipality (RCM) in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in southeastern Quebec, Canada.  It was established in 1982 from parts of the historic counties of Beauce, Frontenac, Mégantic, and Wolfe. The county seat and largest city is Thetford Mines.

The name of the RCM is linked to its location in the Appalachian Mountains with Mounts Adstock, Caribou, Oak, and Saint-Adrien being the highest. Until 2008, it was known as L'Amiante Regional County Municipality, because of the importance of asbestos mining in the region (amiante is French for "asbestos").
Dalgopol Municipality
Dalgopol Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Дългопол) is a municipality (obshtina) in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Dalgopol.

The municipality embraces a territory of 442 km2 (171 sq mi) with a population, as of December 2009, of 14,364 inhabitants. The area contains the Tsonevo Reservoir - the third biggest in the country, developed along the Luda Kamchiya river which is the main tributary of Kamchiya river that crosses the municipality from west to east.

Opština
Opština, općina, občina, obshtina or obshchina (Cyrillic: општина, опћина or община), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality in English. It is used by the following countries:
P. Morris (producer)
Philesciono Canty, known professionally as P. Morris, is an American musician and record producer based in Los Angeles, California. Canty co-founded the record label Bear Club Music Group.

His discography includes several studio albums as well as numerous mixtapes, EPs, and collaborative projects.

Resident Advisor
Resident Advisor (also known as RA) is an online music magazine and community platform established in 2001 and dedicated to showcasing electronic music, artists and events across the globe. Its editorial team provides news, music and event reviews, as well as films, features and interviews. Resident Advisor also provides global event listings and ticket sales platform, club and promoter directories, artist and record label profiles, and the RA Podcast.

The company has its headquarters in London, with additional offices in Berlin, Los Angeles, New York and Melbourne. The website won a People's Voice award in the 12th Annual Webby Awards in 2008.
Keefus Ciancia
Keefus Ciancia is an American film and television composer, music producer, and musician. He has won an Ivor Novello Award, BAFTA, and a BMI Film & TV Award. He has composed and produced music for True Detective, Killing Eve, London Spy, The Fall, and Spider-Man 2.

He has produced albums for such artists as Benji Hughes, Kimbra, Everlast, A Fine Frenzy, and Étienne Daho. As a keyboardist and pianist he has performed with Elton John, Mike Patton, Iggy Pop, T Bone Burnett, and Everlast. Ciancia has worked extensively with T Bone Burnett as a film and TV composer, co-producer, and as a band member of The Invisible Light. He is currently a member of the musical groups Unloved, Vincent & Mr. Green, and The Invisible Light.

The Fall (TV series)
The Fall is a crime drama television series filmed and set in Northern Ireland. The series, starring Gillian Anderson as Detective Superintendent Stella Gibson, and Jamie Dornan as serial killer Paul Spector, was created and written by Allan Cubitt. It is produced by Artists Studio, and shown on ZDFneo in Germany, RTÉ One in the Republic of Ireland, and BBC Two in the UK.

The series premiered in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland on RTÉ One on 12 May 2013, and in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 13 May 2013 followed by ZDFneo. The second series began in the Republic of Ireland on 9 November and in the UK on 13 November 2014. The third series premiered on RTÉ One on 25 September and on BBC Two on 29 September 2016.
Simone de Beauvoir Prize
The Simone de Beauvoir Prize (French: Prix Simone de Beauvoir pour la liberté des femmes) is an international human rights prize for women's freedom, awarded since 2008 to individuals or groups fighting for gender equality and opposing breaches of human rights. It is named after the French author and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, known for her 1949 women's rights treatise The Second Sex.

The prize was founded by Julia Kristeva on 9 January 2008, the 100th anniversary of de Beauvoir's birth. 
Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir and Pierre Bras are the head of the Simone de Beauvoir prize committee.

According to the organizers:

The prize is awarded every year to a remarkable personality whose courage and thoughts are examples for everybody, in the spirit of Simone de Beauvoir who wrote: "The ultimate end, for which human beings should aim, is liberty, the only capable [thing], to establish every end on."

The Second Sex
The Second Sex (French: Le Deuxième Sexe) is a 1949 book by the French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, in which the author discusses the treatment of women in the present society as well as throughout all of history. Beauvoir researched and wrote the book in about 14 months between 1946 and 1949. She published the work in two volumes: Facts and Myths, and Lived Experience. Some chapters first appeared in the journal Les Temps modernes.

One of Beauvoir's best-known books, it is also one of the most controversial, even being banned by The Vatican. The Second Sex is regarded as a groundbreaking work of feminist philosophy, and as the starting inspiration point of second-wave feminism.
Rena Wakama
Rena Wakama, OON (born 11 April 1992) is a Nigerian professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for the Nigeria national team, the head coach for the Hive BC, and an assistant coach for the Chicago Sky.

Hive BC
Hive Basketball Club, also known as Hive BC, is an American professional basketball team. They are a member of the Unrivaled basketball league, and made their debut in January 2026. The team is based in Miami, Florida.
Tomáš Šach
Tomáš Šach (born July 22, 1947) is a Czechoslovak sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1970s. He two medals in the C-2 500 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1975 and a bronze in 1974.

Šach also competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, finishing sixth in the C-2 1000 m and eighth in the C-2 500 m events.

1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia for the second time, having hosted them in 1971. This also equaled the most times a city had done so with Copenhagen, Denmark (1950, 1970).

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the twelfth championships in canoe sprint. It marked the first time in the championships' history in which there was tie for a medal and that happened to be for the gold in the men's K-1 1000 m event between Italy's Oreste Perri and Poland's Grzegorz Śledziewski. The second would occur thirty-five years later in the C-1 200 m (debuted 1994) for the bronze between Canada's Richard Dalton and Ukraine's Yuriy Cheban, neither of who were born in 1975.
Mumbai Xpress
Mumbai Xpress is a 2005 Indian black comedy film directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao and produced by Kamal Haasan. It stars Kamal Haasan himself in the lead role alongside Manisha Koirala. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, while Siddharth Ramaswamy and Ashmith Kunder handled the cinematography and editing. The film was simultaneously shot in Tamil and Hindi. This was the first Indian censored film to be filmed in digital format.

The lead pair, as well as Sharat Saxena, Ramesh Aravind, Hardik Thakar, and Dheena, were retained for the Hindi version of the film; also, Vijay Raaz, Dinesh Lamba, Om Puri, Saurabh Shukla and Pratima Kazmi reprised the roles played by Pasupathy, Vaiyapuri, Nassar, Santhana Bharathi and Kovai Sarala in the Tamil version, respectively. The Tamil version of Mumbai Xpress was released on 14 April 2005, and the Hindi version the day after.

Santhana Bharathi
Santhana Bharathi is an Indian film director and actor who has primarily worked in Tamil cinema.  He directed Gunaa (1991), which won third prize for the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film. He also directed Mahanadhi (1994), which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil and the Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize.
Phanaʼ language
Phanaʼ (autonym: pa55 na33); also called Bana or Pana) is a Loloish language of Laos and China. Phanaʼ is spoken by 500 people in Laos. In China, it is spoken in Mengla County, Yunnan Province (Bradley 2007). It is closely related to Sila, which is spoken by 2,000 people in Laos and Vietnam (Bradley 1997). Badenoch reports that it is similar to vɛ33 ɲɯ33 (Ban Ban Sida).

Phanaʼ is spoken in three villages in Laos (Ethnologue).

Bopiet, Luang Namtha District, Luang Namtha Province

Namtoung, Luang Namtha District, Luang Namtha Province

one village in Houaixay District, Bokeo Province

Bradley (2007) reports a population of about 1,000 for Phanaʼ.

Lefèvre-Pontalis (1892) reports the presence of Phanaʼ in Poufang, Lai Chau province, Vietnam, and provides a word list for Phanaʼ as well.

Mengla County
Mengla County (simplified Chinese: 勐腊县; traditional Chinese: 勐臘縣; pinyin: Měnglà Xiàn; Tai Lue: ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦟᦱᧉ ᦶᦉᧃᧈ, Mueang La; Burmese: မိုးလား, Lao: ເມືອງລ້າ; Thai: เมืองล้า) is a county under the jurisdiction of the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, in far southern Yunnan province, China. Meng is a variation of  Mueang.
St Martin-in-Meneage
St Martin-in-Meneage (Cornish: Dydemin) is a civil parish and village in the Meneage district of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

The village is five miles (8 km) south-southeast of Helston. The population at the 2011 census was 377

The church is dedicated to St Martin of Tours and is a chapelry of Mawgan in Meneage (right of sepulture was granted in 1385). The ancient estates of Barry Mylor and Mathiana adjoin the church and the two names indicate that in early times there were chapels of two Breton saints here, of St Melor at Merther Mylor (Barry Mylor) and St Anou at Merther Anou (the modern forms having been variously corrupted).

St Martin-in-Meneage lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours (Latin: Martinus Turonensis; 316/336 – 8 November 397) was the third bishop of Tours. He is the patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe, including France's Third Republic. A native of Pannonia (present-day Hungary), he converted to Christianity at a young age. He served in the Roman cavalry in Gaul, but left military service prior to 361, when he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, establishing the monastery at Ligugé. He was consecrated as Bishop of Caesarodunum (Tours) in 371. As bishop, he was active in the suppression of the remnants of Gallo-Roman religion.

The contemporary hagiographer Sulpicius Severus wrote a Life of St. Martin. He is best known for the account of his using his sword to cut his cloak in two, to give half to a beggar clad only in rags in winter. His shrine in Tours became an often-frequented stop for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
Loch Luna Game Reserve
Loch Luna Reserve is a protected area covering the floodplain on the north side of the River Murray in South Australia between the towns of Kingston-on-Murray in the west and Cobdogla in the east. It is located about 180 kilometres (110 miles) east north-east of the Adelaide city centre. It was proclaimed on 7 November 1985 with exception to a parcel of land known as Sugarloaf Hill within the boundaries of the game reserve which has been excluded from protection for the purpose of mining activity. The Moorook Game Reserve immediately adjoins the game reserve's southern boundary. It and the Moorook Game Reserve are reported as providing "significant wildlife habitat and are popular recreation sites, particularly for river-based activities and camping". The game reserve is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.  In 1989, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.

Register of the National Estate
The Register of the National Estate was a heritage register that listed natural and cultural heritage places in Australia. Phasing out of the register began in 2003, when the Australian National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List were created and by 2007 the Register had been replaced by these and various state and territory heritage registers. Places listed on the Register remain in a non-statutory archive and are still able to be viewed via the National Heritage Database.
Climate of Taiwan
The island of Taiwan lies across the Tropic of Cancer, and its climate is influenced by the East Asian Monsoon. Northern Taiwan has a humid subtropical climate, with substantial seasonal variation of temperatures, while parts of central and most of southern Taiwan have a tropical monsoon climate where seasonal temperature variations are less noticeable, with temperatures typically varying from warm to hot. During the winter (November to March), the northeast experiences steady rain, while the central and southern parts of the island are mostly sunny.  The summer monsoon (from May to October) accounts for 90% of the annual precipitation in the south, but only 60% in the north. The average rainfall is approximately 2,600 mm per year.

Tropical rainforest climate
A tropical rainforest climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southeast Florida, United States, and Okinawa, Japan that fall into the tropical rainforest climate category. They experience high mean annual temperatures, small temperature ranges, and rain that falls throughout the year. Regions with this climate are typically designated Af by the Köppen climate classification. A tropical rainforest climate is typically hot, very humid, and wet with no dry season.