hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Duncan (governor of Bombay)
Jonathan Duncan (15 May 1756 – 11 August 1811) was a British colonial administrator who served as the governor of Bombay from 27 December 1795 until his death in 1811.
He began his career in India in 1772, and in 1784 he was one of the charter members of the Asiatic Society founded in Calcutta by William Jones. In 1788, was appointed superintendent and resident at Benares by Lord Cornwallis, where he helped stamp out the practice of infanticide. In 1791, he started the Sanskrit College at Benares to promote the study of Hindu laws and philosophy in Banaras. (In 1958, the Sanskrit College became a university and in 1974 the name was changed to Sampurnanand Sanskrit University.)

In 1795, he became governor of Bombay, and held that post for the rest of his life (nearly sixteen years).

His illegitimate son, also named Jonathan Duncan, was an advocate of reforming the monetary system.

History of Bombay under British rule (1661–1947)
Bombay, also called Bom baim in Portuguese, is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the most populous cities in the world.

The city was once an archipelago of seven islands, obtained by the Portuguese via the Treaty of Bassein (1534), from the Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.

The island group would later form part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal. Her 23 June 1661 Marriage Treaty gifted the islands to Charles II of England, along with the port of Tangier, trading privileges in Brazil and the Portuguese East Indies, religious and commercial freedom for English residents in Portugal, and two million Portuguese crowns (about £300,000), on completion of the marriage.

The Islands of Bombay were regarded as a political and financial liability and were leased by Charles, to the English East India Company, on 27 March 1668, for a nominal £10 rent.
Carolina Armenteros
Carolina Armenteros is a Spanish intellectual historian of Europe specializing in the era of 1750–1914. Along with Richard Lebrun, she is one of the leading scholars of Joseph de Maistre. She has also published on gender theory and philosophy of religion.

She is educated at Stanford University and the University of Cambridge. She has taught and conducted research at the University of Cambridge, the Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, the American University of Paris, and the University of Groningen. She is the recipient of a British Academy Research Fellowship and of several Visiting Fellowships at Wolfson College, Cambridge. She currently directs the Center for European Studies at the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra in the Dominican Republic.

Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra
Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (English: Pontifical Catholic University Madre y Maestra) or PUCMM is a private, coeducational Roman Catholic university in the Dominican Republic.  The university grants undergraduate, graduate, doctoral and professional degrees. It has three campuses: one in Santiago de los Caballeros, another in Santo Domingo and an extension in Puerto Plata.
Womanby Street
Womanby Street is one of the oldest streets in Cardiff, the capital of Wales. Tracing its name back to origins within the Norse language, its original purpose was to link Cardiff Castle to its quay. In this way it became a trade hub and settling point for those incomers who made the city their home.  Throughout its history the street has had several pubs, and today has several bars and clubs.

Cardiff Council
Cardiff Council, formally the County Council of the City and County of Cardiff (Welsh: Cyngor Sir Dinas a Sir Caerdydd) is the governing body for Cardiff, one of the principal areas of Wales. The principal area and its council were established in 1996 to replace the previous Cardiff City Council which had been a lower-tier authority within South Glamorgan. Cardiff Council consists of 79 councillors, representing 28 electoral wards.

Labour has held a majority of the seats on the council since 2012. The last election was in May 2022 and the next election is due in 2027.
Ojima River
The Ojima River is a tributary of Lake Turgeon, flowing in the township of Chazel, into the unorganized territory of Rivière-Ojima, Quebec and into the municipality of Val-Saint-Gilles, Quebec, in the regional county municipality (RCM) of Abitibi-Ouest, in the administrative region of Abitibi-Temiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational tourism activities, second.

The surface of the river is usually frozen from the end of November to the end of April, however safe ice circulation is generally from early December to mid-April.

Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Abitibi-Témiscamingue (French pronunciation: [abitibi temiskamɛ̃ɡ] ⓘ) is an administrative region located in western Québec, Canada, along the border with Ontario. It became part of the province in 1898. It has a land area of 57,736.50 square kilometres (22,292.19 sq mi) and its population was 147,082 people as of the 2021 census. The region is divided into five regional county municipalities (French: municipalité régionale de comté, or MRC) and 79 municipalities. Its economy continues to be dominated by resource extraction industries. These include logging and mining all along the rich geologic Cadillac Fault between Val-d'Or and Rouyn-Noranda, as well as agriculture.
Officials implicated by the anti-corruption campaign in China (2012–2017)
Over one hundred officials of provincial-ministerial level and above have been implicated by the anti-corruption campaign in China, which began after the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012. The number of officials implicated below the provincial level are much higher. The tables on this list includes only officials for which a case has been initiated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Influence peddling
Influence peddling, also called traffic of influence or trading in influence, is the practice of using one's influence in government or connections with authorities to obtain favours or preferential treatment for another, usually in return for payment. Influence peddling per se is not necessarily illegal, as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has often used the modified term "undue influence peddling" to refer to illegal acts of lobbying; however, influence peddling is typically associated with corruption and may therefore delegitimise democratic politics with the general public. It is punishable as a crime in Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, France, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
José Ignacio de Cavero y Cárdenas
José Ignacio de Cavero y Cárdenas (29 June 1757 – 17 August 1834) was a New Spain and Colombian lawyer and politician. A Precursor of the Independence of Colombia, as the 4th President of the Supreme Junta of Cartagena de Indias he was a signatory of the declaration of independence of the Cartagena Province from the Viceroyalty of the New Granada and the Kingdom of Spain, establishing a republic based in the concept of separation of powers, and abolishing the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. Cartagena would eventually join with other provinces to create the Republic of Colombia under President Simón Bolívar, and was appointed in 1824 by Vice President Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña to serve as the 3rd Prefect Intendant of the Magdalena River and the Isthmus province, which now encompassed the former province of Cartagena as well as the provinces of Santa Marta, Riohacha, and the Isthmus.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Too Hot to Sleep (song)
"Too Hot to Sleep" is a song written by R.C. Bannon and John Bettis, and recorded by American country music artist Louise Mandrell.  It was released in July 1983 as the first single and title track from the album Too Hot to Sleep.  The song reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

R.C. Bannon
R. C. Bannon (born Daniel Shipley; May 2, 1945) is an American country music singer. Active since 1977, Bannon has recorded for the Columbia and RCA labels. He was also married to singer Louise Mandrell from 1979 to 1991, and charted six duets with her in addition to 12 singles of his own. His highest-charting single was his 1979 cover of the Peaches & Herb hit "Reunited," recorded as a duet with Mandrell, that reached number 13 on the country music charts in 1979; his most successful solo single is "Winners and Losers" at number 26. In addition to recording as a solo artist and with Mandrell, Bannon co-wrote songs for Ronnie Milsap, Bobby G. Rice, Barbara Mandrell and Steve Azar.
Java Astrodynamics Toolkit
The Java Astrodynamics Toolkit (JAT) is an open-source library of software components for use in spaceflight applications written in Java or Matlab. It provides features useful when solving problems in astrodynamics, space mission design, and the navigation, guidance and control of spacecraft.

The software, used by NASA, is a major collaboration by the University of Texas Computer Science department for use by professional computer astronomers. As of 2008 it was one of the most advanced astronomical toolkits available.

Orbital mechanics
Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from laws of motion and of universal gravitation derived by Isaac Newton. Astrodynamics is a core discipline within space-mission design and control.

Celestial mechanics treats more broadly the orbit dynamics of systems under the influence of gravity, including both spacecraft and natural astronomical bodies such as star systems, planets, moons, and comets. Orbital mechanics focuses on spacecraft trajectories, including orbital maneuvers, orbital plane changes, and interplanetary transfers, and is used by mission planners to predict the results of propulsive maneuvers.

General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and it is sometimes necessary to use it for greater accuracy or in high-gravity situations (e.g. orbits near the Sun).
9th National Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party
The 9th Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) was held in Vientiane from 17–21 March 2011.  The congress occurs once every five years. A total of 576 delegates represented the party's 191,700 card-carrying members.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Jitterlyzer
The FS5000 Jitterlyzer performs physical layer serial bus jitter evaluation. It can inject controlled jitter and measure the characteristics of incoming jitter. When teamed with a logic analyzer or protocol analyzer, it can correlate these measurements with protocol analysis. Physical-layer tests can be performed while the system under test is processing live bus traffic.

Physical layer
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to transmit on, the line code to use and similar low-level parameters are specified by the physical layer.

At the electrical layer, the physical layer is commonly implemented in a dedicated PHY chip or, in electronic design automation (EDA), by a design block. In mobile computing, the MIPI Alliance *-PHY family of interconnect protocols are widely used.
Striated babbler
The striated babbler (Argya earlei) is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. It is found in southern Asia from Pakistan to Myanmar.

This species was formerly placed in the genus Turdoides but following the publication of a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study in 2018, it was moved to the resurrected genus Argya.

It is omnivorous.

Turdoides
Turdoides is a genus of passerine birds in the laughingthrush family Leiothrichidae. The species are distributed across Africa and southern Asia and are typically fairly large, long-tailed birds which forage in noisy groups. The majority of species have drab brown or grey-brown plumage. Several species that were included in Turdoides in the past have been reassigned to Argya following a 2018 study that found multiple clades.

The genus Turdoides was introduced in 1826 by the German physician Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar specifically for the white-headed babbler. The name combines the thrush genus Turdus with the Ancient Greek -oidēs meaning "resembling".
Josh Hinger
Josh Hinger (born May 28, 1982) is an American submission grappler and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) black belt competitor as well as former mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. Hinger is three-time champion at the World No-Gi Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championship and a Bronze Medalist at the ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship.

Submission wrestling
Submission wrestling, also known as submission fighting and submission grappling or simply grappling, is a martial art and combat sport that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques. It is a hybrid discipline that incorporates elements of various martial arts such as various wrestling styles, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Submission wrestling is practiced both as a competitive sport and as a training method for self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
Akil King
Akil "Fresh" King, also known as "WorldwideFresh", is an American songwriter and producer from New York City. Mentored by producer Scott Storch, King is best known for co-writing "Black Parade", the majority of Brandy's B7, as well as his contributions to various Jessie Reyez, Beyoncé, and Ari Lennox projects, among others. In 2022, he co-wrote "Players", which became rapper Coi Leray's first Billboard Hot 100 top 10 single in the United States, as well as a sizable hit in various global markets.

Scott Storch
Scott Spencer Storch (born December 16, 1973) is an American record producer and songwriter. Storch began his career as part of Philadelphia-based hip hop band the Roots, which he joined as a keyboardist prior to the release of their 1993 debut album, Organix. He provided the keyboard riff and co-composed Dr. Dre's 1999 single "Still D.R.E.," and contributed in a similar role to several of the rapper's productions during late 1990s and early 2000s. Storch expanded his solo production work into the 2000s; he was credited on five Billboard Hot 100-number one singles—Beyoncé's "Baby Boy," Terror Squad's "Lean Back," 50 Cent's "Candy Shop," Mario's "Let Me Love You" and Chris Brown's "Run It!"—among other similarly successful chart entries throughout the remaining decade. Storch has been nominated for four Grammy Awards.
Adam Huss
Adam Thomas Huss (born March 1, 1977) is an American actor. Huss is best known for his role as Josh Kantos in the Starz TV series Power, Lance in the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, and Nikolas Cassadine in the ABC soap opera General Hospital.    He was also an on-air radio personality "Big City Kid" or "BCK" on Radio Disney affiliate.

Power (TV series)
Power is an American crime drama-thriller television series created and produced by Courtney A. Kemp in collaboration with Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson. It aired on the Starz network from June 7, 2014 to February 9, 2020.

Upon release, Power gained positive reviews and is one of Starz's highest-rated shows and one of cable's most-watched shows. Prior to the fifth-season premiere, Starz renewed the show for a sixth and final season, which premiered on August 25, 2019. The series has led to three aired spin-offs and an additional two in development.
Brock Badgers women's ice hockey
The Brock Badgers women's ice hockey team represents Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario in the sport of ice hockey in the Ontario University Athletics (OUA) conference of U Sports. The Badgers program first began in 2000 and have won one OUA championship. The team is led by head coach Margot Page, who has held that position since 2015.

Ontario University Athletics
Ontario University Athletics (OUA; French: Sports universitaires de l'Ontario) is a regional membership association for Canadian universities which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media.  This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. OUA, which covers Ontario, is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Atlantic University Sport (AUS), the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), and Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).

OUA came into being in 1997 with the merger of the Ontario Universities Athletics Association and the Ontario Women's Intercollegiate Athletics Association.
Environmental justice in South Korea
Environmental justice in South Korea has a relatively short history compared to other countries. As a result of rapid industrialization, people started to have awareness on pollution, and from the environmental discourses the idea of Environmental justice appeared in late 1980s.

Nakdong River
The Nakdong River or Nakdonggang (Korean: 낙동강, pronounced [nak̚t͈oŋgaŋ]) is the longest river in South Korea, which passes through the major cities of Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Era.
Eolacertilia
Eolacertilia ("dawn lizards") is an extinct clade of lepidosauriform diapsid reptiles known from the Late Permian to the Late Triassic. It is uncertain as to whether they are a natural group and it has been suggested that they form a "waste basket" taxon. Currently, the only members of the group are Paliguana and Kuehneosauridae. Other genera were transferred to basal groups within Diapsida (such as Palaeagama and Saurosternon),  Archosauromorpha (Tanystropheus and Cteniogenys).

Palaeagama
Palaeagama is an extinct genus of neodiapsid reptile from the Late Permian or Early Triassic of South Africa. It is based on an articulated skeleton which was probably found in the Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, or potentially the Late Permian Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone. Despite the completeness of the specimen, Palaeagama is considered as a "wildcard" taxon of uncertain affinities due to poor preservation. It was originally considered an "eosuchian" (ancestral to modern reptiles), and later reinterpreted as a lizard ancestor closely related to Paliguana and Saurosternon. Modern studies generally consider it an indeterminate neodiapsid, though a few phylogenetic analyses tentatively support a position at the base of Lepidosauromorpha.
Olguin
Olguin or Olguín is a surname in the Spanish speaking world. Notable people with the surname include:

Adriana Olguín (1911–2015), Chilean lawyer and politician

Carlos Olguin-Trelawny, Argentine film director and screenwriter

Felipe Solís Olguín (1944–2009), Mexican archaeologist, anthropologist and historian

Fernando M. Olguin (born 1961), American judge

Héctor Pedraza Olguín (born 1966), Mexican politician

Jorge Olguín (born 1952), Argentine footballer

Jorge Olguín (born 1973/1974), Chilean film director

José Olguín, Chilean footballer

Leonardo Olguín (born 1975), Argentine tennis player

Luciano Olguín (born 1982), Argentine footballer

Néstor Olguín (born 1988), Mexican footballer

Otilio Olguín (born 1931), Mexican swimmer and water polo player

Roy Argel Gómez Olguín (born 1973), Mexican politician

Sergio Olguín, Argentinean author, journalist and literary critic

Néstor Olguín
Néstor Olguín (born May 29, 1988) is a former professional Mexican footballer who last played for Atlético Veracruz.

He played with Atlético Veracruz  of the Liga de Balompié Mexicano during the league's inaugural season, leading them to a runners-up finish after losing to Chapulineros de Oaxaca in the finals.
Nada Es Para Siempre
"Nada Es Para Siempre" (English: Nothing Is Forever) is a ballad written by Amaury Gutiérrez, produced by Sebastián Krys and performed by Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter Luis Fonsi. It was released as the first single from sixth studio album Paso a Paso (2005). The song was the third number-one hit for Luis Fonsi. The song was featured in the soundtrack of Mexican telenovela Rebelde.

Sebastian Krys
Sebastian Krys (born November 11, 1970) is an Argentine-born American audio engineer, record producer and radio personality. A six-time Grammy and 13-time Latin Grammy winner, Krys has worked with many Spanish language pop and rock artists such as Percance, Sergio Dalma, Eros Ramazzotti, Sandy & Junior, Gloria Estefan, Carlos Vives, Shakira, Alejandro Sanz, Luis Fonsi, Vega, Kinky, Los Rabanes, Obie Bermúdez, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Lori Meyers, Fangoria, La Santa Cecilia and Will Smith.
Utemini
Utemini is an administrative ward in the Singida Urban district of the Singida Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 12,365 people in the ward, from 11,269 in 2012.

Singida Region
Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. It covers a land area of 49,340 km2 (19,050 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation of Slovakia. The region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. 
According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.