hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neufchâteau, Vosges
Neufchâteau (French pronunciation: [nøʃɑto] ⓘ or [nœfʃɑto] ⓘ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. On 1 January 2025, the former commune of Rollainville was merged into Neufchâteau.

Vosges (department)
Vosges (French pronunciation: [voʒ] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, Northeastern France. It covers part of the Vosges mountain range, after which it is named. Vosges consists of three arrondissements, 17 cantons and 507 communes, including Domrémy-la-Pucelle, where Joan of Arc was born. In 2019, it had a population of 364,499 with an area of 5,874 km2 (2,268 sq mi); its prefecture is Épinal.
Anne-Charlotte de Crussol de Florensac
Anne-Charlotte de Crussol de Florensac, duchesse d'Aiguillon (1700–1772), was a lady of the court of Louis XV. Renowned for her wit, as a woman of letters and translator, she ran a literary salon and was associated with Montesquieu, the philosophers and the Encyclopédistes. It was to her that Montesquieu entrusted the manuscript of the Persian Letters (Lettres Persanes) for publication.

Encyclopédistes
The Encyclopédistes (French: [ɑ̃siklɔpedist]) (also known in British English as Encyclopaedists, or in U.S. English as Encyclopedists) were contributors to the Encyclopédie, the first encyclopedia with signed contributions from numerous collaborators. The Encyclopédie (1751-72) was edited by Jean-Paul De Gua de Malves from 1746 to 1747, co-edited by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert from 1747 to 1758, and edited by Diderot alone through 1772.
Toma T. Socolescu
Toma T. Socolescu was a major Romanian architect, born in Ploiești on 20 July 1883, and died in Bucharest on 14 October 1960. A pillar of Romanian architecture from the early 20th century until World War II, he dedicated his entire life to his native region of Prahova, particularly to the city of Ploiești. He also made significant contributions to the cultural life of his country.

Măneciu
Măneciu is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of nine villages: Cheia, Chiciureni, Costeni, Făcăieni, Gheaba, Măneciu-Pământeni, Măneciu-Ungureni (the commune centre), Mânăstirea Suzana, and Plăiețu.

Cheia village is a mountain resort, surrounded by the Ciucaș Mountains. Cheia Monastery is located to the southeast of the village.
Kathanayaki
Kathanayaki (pronunciationⓘ) transl. Heroine) is a 1955 Indian Tamil language romantic comedy film directed by K. Ramnoth and produced by T. R. Sundaram. The film stars Padmini, T. R. Ramachandran, M. N. Rajam and K. A. Thangavelu. It was released on 19 February 1955, and was not a commercial success.

T. R. Ramachandran
Thirukampuliyur Ranga Ramachandran (9 January 1917 – 30 November 1990) was an Indian actor and comedian who acted mainly in Tamil films. He was cast mostly in lead or supportive roles, especially in comical parts, from the 1940s to the 1960s. Known for his distinctive saucer-eyes, Ramachandran was known as "The Eddie Cantor of India".
Spence Children's Anxiety Scale
The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) is a psychological questionnaire designed to identify symptoms of various anxiety disorders, specifically social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, and other forms of anxiety, in children and adolescents between ages 8 and 15. Developed by Susan H. Spence and available in various languages, the 45 question test can be filled out by the child or by the parent. Alternatively, an abbreviated form of the test has been developed, with only 19 questions. It has shown equally valid results while reducing stress and response burden in younger participants. There is also another 34 question version of the test specialized for children in preschool between ages 2.5 and 6.5. Any form of the test takes approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire has shown good reliability and validity in recent studies.

Reliability (statistics)
In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions:

It is the characteristic of a set of test scores that relates to the amount of random error from the measurement process that might be embedded in the scores. Scores that are highly reliable are precise, reproducible, and consistent from one testing occasion to another. That is, if the testing process were repeated with a group of test takers, essentially the same results would be obtained. Various kinds of reliability coefficients, with values ranging between 0.00 (much error) and 1.00 (no error), are usually used to indicate the amount of error in the scores.

For example, measurements of people's height and weight are often extremely reliable.
What Am I Gonna Do About You (song)
"What Am I Gonna Do About You" is a song written by Jim Allison, Doug Gilmore, and Bob Simon. It was first recorded by American country music artist Con Hunley in 1986 on the Capitol Records label and later by Reba McEntire for her 1986 studio album of the same name. Produced by Jimmy Bowen and McEntire, it was a number one single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

It debuted at #54 on the Hot Country Single's chart for the week of October 11, 1986 and peaked at #1 for the week of January 17, 1987.

Jimmy Bowen
James Albert Bowen (born November 30, 1937) is an American record producer and former rockabilly singer. Bowen brought Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood together, and introduced Sinatra to Mel Tillis for their album, Mel & Nancy.
Bronny James
LeBron Raymone "Bronny" James Jr. (born October 6, 2004) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A consensus four-star recruit, James was named a McDonald's All-American as a senior in high school in 2023. He played one season of college basketball for the USC Trojans before being selected by the Lakers in the second round of the 2024 NBA draft. He is the eldest child and teammate of professional basketball player LeBron James Sr., making them the first active father–son duo in NBA history.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Edward Bromhead
Sir Edward Thomas ffrench Bromhead, 2nd Baronet FRS FRSE (26 March 1789 – 14 March 1855) was a British landowner and mathematician, best remembered as patron of the mathematician and physicist George Green and mentor of George Boole.

Cambridge Philosophical Society
The Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS) is a scientific society at the University of Cambridge.  It was founded in 1819. The name derives from the medieval use of the word philosophy to denote any research undertaken outside the fields of law, theology and medicine. The society was granted a royal charter by King William IV in 1832. The society is governed by an elected council of senior academics, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes.

The society has published several scientific journals, including Biological Reviews (established 1926) and Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (formerly entitled Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, published since 1843).  Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society was published between 1821–1928, but was then discontinued.
Californie (film)
Californie is a 2021 Italian drama film written and directed by Alessandro Cassigoli and Casey Kauffman, at their feature film debut.

It premiered at the 78th edition of the Venice Film Festival in the Giornate degli Autori sidebar, where it won the Europa Cinemas Label Award as best European film.

The film follows the growth of Jamila, a young Moroccan girl living in Torre Annunziata, and was shot over a span of five years, following the protagonist between 9 and 14 years. It has been described as "a character study of a girl coming in terms with how the European dream is out of reach".

Torre Annunziata
Torre Annunziata (Italian: [ˈtorre annunˈtsjaːta]; Neapolitan: Torre Nunziata) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is located on the Gulf of Naples, at the foot of Mount Vesuvius.
Lake Dissoni
Lake Dissoni, also known as Lake Soden, is a small lake in the volcanic chain in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. This volcanic lake has diameter of about 1.25 km (0.78 mi) and is at the southeastern foot of the Rumpi Hills.

There are only three fish species in the lake, but all these are endemic: A poeciliid (Procatopus lacustris, though probably a synonym of the more widespread P. similis), an undescribed catfish (Clarias sp.) and an undescribed barb (Barbus sp.). The atyid shrimp Caridina sodenensis is also endemic to the lake.

Cameroon line
The Cameroon line (French: Ligne du Cameroun, Portuguese: Linha dos Camarões, Spanish: cordillera de Camerún) is a 1,600 km (1,000 mi) long chain of volcanoes that includes islands in the Gulf of Guinea and mountains on the African mainland, from Mount Cameroon on the coast towards Lake Chad on the northeast. They form a natural border between eastern Nigeria and the West Region of Cameroon. 
The islands, which span the equator, have tropical climates and are home to many unique plant and bird species. The mainland mountain regions are much cooler than the surrounding lowlands, and also contain unique and ecologically important environments.

The Cameroon volcanic line is geologically unusual in extending through both the ocean and the continental crust. Various hypotheses have been advanced by different geologists to explain the line.
Johann Caspar Seyfert
Johann Caspar Seyfert (1697 – 26 May 1767, Augsburg) was a German composer, violinist and lute player.

He was a music director in Augsburg where he was born and died. In 1746 he added a fourth volume to the Augsburger Tafel-Confect, which Valentin Rathgeber had published in 1733, 1737 and 1739. The short title abbreviates Ohren-vergnügendes und Gemüth-ergötzendes Tafel-Confect (Augsburg Table Confectionery, short for Table Confectionery, Pleasuring the Ears and Delightful to the Soul), a collection of songs meant to be performed for dessert, whereas a Tafelmusik was performed during a main course.

His son, Johann Gottfried Seyfert (1731–1772) also was a well-known composer of chamber music works, piano sonatas, oratorios, and 20 symphonies.

Piano sonata
A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement (Liszt, Scriabin, Prokofiev, Berg), others with two movements (Haydn, Beethoven), some contain five (Brahms' Third Piano Sonata, Czerny's Piano Sonata No. 1, Godowsky's Piano Sonata) or even more movements. The first movement is generally composed in sonata form.
Rook (surname)
Rook is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ada Rook, Canadian musician

Alan Rook (1909-1990), editor of the 1936 issue of New Oxford Poetry, one of the Cairo poets

Jean Rook (1931–1991), British newspaper columnist

John Rook (1937-2016), American radio programmer

Jerry Rook (1943-2019), American former professional basketball player

Susan Rook (born 1961), journalist and photographer

Jerry Rook
Jerry G. Rook (October 27, 1943 – August 25, 2019) was an American basketball player, best known for his success at Arkansas State University. He played one season for the New Orleans Buccaneers in the American Basketball Association (ABA).
Mareva Georges
Mareva Marciano (née Georges; born 29 May 1969) is a French model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss France 1991. She had previously won Miss Tahiti 1990 and later placed in the Top 10 at Miss Universe 1991.

Miss Universe 1991
Miss Universe 1991, the 40th anniversary of the Miss Universe pageant, was held at the Aladdin Theatre for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on May 17, 1991.

At the end of the event, Lupita Jones of Mexico was crowned as Miss Universe 1991 by Mona Grudt of Norway. Seventy-three contestants competed in the pageant.
Maireana cheelii
Maireana cheelii, commonly known as  chariot wheels, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small, erect perennial with more or less terete leaves, bisexual flowers arranged singly or in pairs, and a stiff, cottony fruiting perianth with a wheel-shaped wing.

Terete
Terete is a term in botany used to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it. That is usually contrasted with cross-sections that are flattened, with a distinct upper surface that is different from the lower surface. The cross-section of a branch in a tree is somewhat round, so the branch is terete. The cross section of a normal leaf has an upper surface, and a lower surface, so the leaf is not terete. However, the fleshy leaves of succulents are sometimes terete. Fruticose lichens are terete, with a roughly circular cross section and a single wrap-around skin-like surface called the cortex, compared to foliose lichens and crustose lichens, which have a flattened cross section with an upper surface that is distinct from the lower surface.

Plants and lichens may also be described as subterete, meaning that they are not completely terete.
Selborne Graving Dock
The Selborne Graving Dock is a dry dock in Simon's Town, South Africa.  It is situated within the Naval Base Simon's Town. It is named for William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne, the High Commissioner for Southern Africa at the time of construction.

High Commissioner for Southern Africa
The British office of high commissioner for Southern Africa was responsible for governing British possessions in Southern Africa, latterly the protectorates of Basutoland (now Lesotho), the Bechuanaland Protectorate (now Botswana) and Swaziland (now Eswatini), as well as for relations with autonomous governments in the area.

The office was combined with that of Governor of Cape Colony from 1847 to 1901, with that of the governor of Transvaal Colony 1901 to 1910, and with that of Governor-General of South Africa from 1910 to 1931. The British government appointed the Governor-General as High Commissioner under a separate commission. In addition to responsibility for Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland, he held reserve powers concerning the interests of the native population of Southern Rhodesia. The post was abolished on 1 August 1964.
Aniruddha Chakravarty
Lt Gen Aniruddha Chakravarty is an Indian military commander and the director general of India's National Cadet Corps, a position he has held since December 2013. He is a graduate of Defence Services Staff College, Wellington.

Chakravarty has held various staff and regimental appointments during his career. He commanded  3 Rajput company at the Siachen Glacier from 1996 to 1999, commanded a brigade on the Line of Control, and was the GOC of 15 Infantry Division in 2011–2012.

He was awarded Vishisht Seva Medal for his distinguished service in preparation of the AV Singh Committee Report, while serving as a colonel in the Integrated HQ of MoD (Army) in 2000–2003. He is married to Falguni Chakravarty and they have two daughters.

National Cadet Corps (India)
The National Cadet Corps (NCC) is the youth wing of the Indian Armed Forces with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis as a Tri-Services Organisation, comprising the Army, the Navy and  Air Force. Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and drill. Officers and cadets have no liability for active military service once they complete their course.
Challenged Athletes Foundation
The Challenged Athletes Foundation (CAF), established in 1997, assists, supports, and provides opportunity to people with physical challenges, so that they can lead active lifestyles and compete in athletic events. It is founded in the belief that involvement in sports at any level increases self-esteem, encourages independence and enhances quality of life. The Foundation does this by providing funding for training, competition, rehabilitation, and equipment for the challenged athletes.

The Challenged Athletes Foundation is divided into four different programs: Access for Athletes, Operation Rebound, Catch a Rising Star, and Project N.Ex.T., all of which focus on the betterment of disabled athletes, but vary in their target group. Access for Athletes is the flagship program of CAF.

Sports equipment
Sports equipment, also called sporting goods, are the tools, materials, apparel, and gear that vary in shape, size, and usage in a particular sport. It includes balls, nets, rackets, protective gears like helmets, goggles, etc. Since the performer must use sports equipment, it can also serve for protection.
John Henry Wigmore
John Henry Wigmore (1863–1943) was an American lawyer and legal scholar known for his expertise in the law of evidence and for his influential scholarship.  Wigmore taught law at Keio University in Tokyo (1889–1892) before becoming the first full-time dean of Northwestern Law School (1901–1929).  His scholarship is best remembered for his Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law (1904), often simply called Wigmore on Evidence, and a graphical analysis method known as a Wigmore chart. He served as the second president of the American Association of University Professors.

Comparative law
Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law and legal systems of different countries. More specifically, it involves the study of the different legal systems (or "families") in existence around the world, including common law, civil law, socialist law, Canon law, Jewish Law, Islamic law, Hindu law, and Chinese law. It includes the description and analysis of foreign legal systems, even where no explicit comparison is undertaken. The importance of comparative law has increased enormously in the present age of internationalism and economic globalization.
Battle Bakraid
Battle Bakraid is a vertical scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game by Eighting released in 1999. It is the spiritual successor (sometimes incorrectly thought of as a sequel) to the 1996 arcade game Battle Garegga. Players control one of nine fighter jets and shoot enemies, collect power-ups, and defeat bosses to advance through the game.

In 2022, the game was included as part of the Sega Astro City Mini V, a vertically oriented variant of the Sega Astro City mini console, marking its first appearance outside the arcades.

1999 in video games
1999 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Heroes of Might and Magic III, System Shock 2, Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver, Final Fantasy VIII, Age of Empires II, Crash Team Racing, Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!, Grand Theft Auto 2, Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, Chrono Cross, Unreal Tournament, Pokémon Gold and Silver, and Donkey Kong 64,  along with new titles such as Super Smash Bros., Silent Hill, Syphon Filter, Driver, EverQuest, Homeworld, Tony Hawk's Pro Skater, and Planescape: Torment.

The year's most critically acclaimed video game was the Dreamcast title Soulcalibur, which remains among the highest-rated games of all time on Metacritic. The best-selling home video game worldwide was the Game Boy title Pokémon Red/Green/Blue/Yellow for the second year in a row, while the year's highest-grossing arcade game in Japan was Sega's Virtua Striker 2.
Cinnamonitrile
(E)-Cinnamonitrile is an organic compound approved for use as a fragrance in products such as air fresheners. It has a spicy cinnamon aroma.

Synthetic routes include an aldol-like condensation of benzaldehyde with acetonitrile under alkaline conditions, an elimination reaction of various oximes derived from cinnamaldehyde, and oxidative coupling of benzene to acrylonitrile.

Oxidative coupling
Oxidative coupling in chemistry is a coupling reaction of two molecular entities through an oxidative process.  Usually oxidative couplings are catalysed by a transition metal complex like in classical cross-coupling reactions, although the underlying mechanism is different due to the oxidation process that requires an external (or internal) oxidant.  Many such couplings utilize dioxygen as the stoichiometric oxidant but proceed by electron transfer.
Salehat
Salehat (Persian: صالحات, also Romanized as Şāleḩāt) is a village in Khanmirza Rural District, Khanmirza District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 343, in 68 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Cristóbal Torriente
Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban professional baseball outfielder and pitcher in the Negro leagues  with multiple teams, including the Chicago American Giants, which he powered to three consecutive Negro National League pennants from 1920 to 1922. He also played extensively in the Cuban Winter League.

He played from 1912 to 1932 and was primarily a pull hitter, though he could hit with power to all fields. He had a stocky and slightly bowlegged build, but was known for deceptive power and a strong, accurate arm from center field. Indianapolis ABC's manager C. I. Taylor stated, "If I see Torriente walking up the other side of the street, I would say, 'There walks a ballclub.'" Torriente was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Kasam Vardi Ki
Kasam Vardi Kee (transl. Oath On Uniform) is a 1989 Hindi-language action film, produced by  B.S. Shaad, Jimmy Narula on BRAR Combines banner and directed by Shibu Mitra. The film stars Jeetendra, Chunky Panday and Bhanupriya, Farah with music composed by Bappi Lahiri.

Bhanupriya
Bhanupriya (born Manga Anandha Bhanu; 15 January 1964) is an Indian actress and dancer. In a four decade old career, she has appeared in 165 feature films, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil, and a few in Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. She has starred in a variety of roles, which garnered her three state Nandi Awards, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Filmfare Awards South and two Cinema Express Awards.