hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles J. Halperin
Charles J. Halperin (born 1946) is an American historian specialising in the high and late medieval history of Eastern Europe, particularly the political and military history of late Kievan Rus', the Golden Horde, and early Muscovy. Aside from several monographs, including three on Ivan the Terrible, over 100 articles of Halperin have been published.

Harriman Institute
The Harriman Institute, the first academic center in the United States devoted to the interdisciplinary study of Russia and the Soviet Union, was founded at Columbia University in 1946, with the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, as the Russian Institute.
Kotuszów, Łódź Voivodeship
Kotuszów [kɔˈtuʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north of Aleksandrów, 24 km (15 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 63 km (39 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Never Say Die!
Never Say Die! is the eighth studio album by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released on 29 September 1978. It was the last studio album with the band's original line-up and the last studio album to feature original vocalist Ozzy Osbourne until the 2013 album 13. It was certified Gold in the U.S. on 7 November 1997 and as of November 2011 has sold 133,000 copies in the United States since the SoundScan era. The album received mixed reviews, with critics calling it "unbalanced" and insisting its energy was scattered in too many directions.

Wil Malone
Wil Malone (born Peter Wilson, 29 July 1942, Hornsey, North London) is a British music producer and arranger, who has worked with artists including The Who, Richard Ashcroft, Rick Wakeman, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Todd Rundgren, The Verve, Massive Attack, Depeche Mode and Italian rocker Gianna Nannini. In 1976, Malone and Lou Reizner covered a Beatles song, "You Never Give Me Your Money", for the musical documentary All This and World War II.  Malone also did the string arrangements for several songs by collaborative techno group UNKLE.

Malone released an eponymous solo album in 1970 and another called Motherlight and composed the score for the cult horror film Death Line in 1972.

In February 2024, a three disc compilation album, Old Feet, New Socks: The Many Faces of Wil Malone 1965-1972, was released on Morgan Blue Town Records.
Zimlovisertib
Zimlovisertib (PF-06650833) is a drug which acts as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4). It has antiinflammatory effects and has been trialed for various indications including hidradenitis suppurativa and treatment of COVID-19 infection, and while it has not been adopted into clinical use it continues to be used for research in this area.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Stirling County RFC
Stirling County RFC is a Scottish rugby union club based in Stirling. The club plays its home games at Bridgehaugh. It runs a number of sides. The men's side competes in the Scottish National League Division One, the women's side competes in the Scottish Womens Premiership.

Between the 2019–2020 and 2023–2024 seasons the club ran a men's professional side known as Stirling Wolves which competed in the Super 6 league and Super Sprint competitions.

Scottish National League Division One
The Scottish National League Division One (known as Arnold Clark National League Division 1 for sponsorship reasons) is the second tier of the Scottish League Championship for amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland.

The division was established in its current format in 2014, with the creation of three national leagues below the Premiership.

For the 2023–24 season, the division was reduced from 12 to 10 teams.
Mentor (1784 ship)
Mentor was the former  HMS Wasp. The British Royal Navy sold Wasp in 1781 and she became the mercantile Polly, which traded with Africa. In 1784 Polly became the slave ship Mentor. Mentor made eight full voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She carried captives from The Gambia to the West Indies. French privateers captured her in late 1795 as she was on her way from West Africa to the West Indies on her ninth voyage.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
Arthur Candy
William Arthur Francis Candy (19 June 1934 – 25 June 2019) was a New Zealand cyclist who represented his country at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games and 1964 Olympic Games.

At the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, Candy competed on the track in the 10-mile scratch race and 4000 m individual pursuit. He was unplaced in the scratch race, while in the individual pursuit he was eliminated in the quarter-finals, defeated by Charlie McCoy from England.

Candy competed on the road for New Zealand at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. Alongside Laurie Byers, Richard Johnstone and Max Grace, he rode in the team time trial, finishing in 18th place.

Candy died in Rotorua on 25 June 2019.

Cycling at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Cycling at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was the sixth appearance of Cycling at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held from 22 November to 1 December 1962.

The track events took place at Lake Monger Velodrome in Leederville, Western Australia, a 333 metre 37 degree banked track, while the road race consisted of 40 laps of a 3-mile circuit of Kings Park, Western Australia, although Pathé News states 117 miles.

Australia topped the cycling medal table, winning four of the five gold medals available.
William Archibald Robertson
William Archibald Robertson (1832 – June 23, 1926) was a prospector and Scottish-born political figure in British Columbia. He represented Victoria District in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1874 until his retirement at the 1875 provincial election. He never sought provincial office again.

He was born in Perthshire, the son of Alexander Robertson, and came to Upper Canada in 1834 with his family. They lived in Dunnville, then Toronto and finally Flamboro West. In 1862, Robertson joined the Union Army in the United States. After being captured and paroled, he resigned his commission and moved to British Columbia, settling in Victoria. He was elected to the assembly in a by-election in 1874, held after Arthur Bunster and Amor De Cosmos were elected to the Canadian House of Commons. Robertson was able to locate coal and silver deposits. In 1870, he married Matilda Martha Mayne. He died in Victoria at the age of 93.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
1874–75 United States Senate elections
The 1874–75 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1874 and 1875, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

Although the Republican Party (the party of incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant) maintained their Senate majority, the Democratic Party gained nine seats.

Gridlock (politics)
In politics, gridlock or deadlock or political stalemate is a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. A government is gridlocked when the ratio between bills passed and the agenda of the legislature decreases. Gridlock can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.

The word "gridlock" is used here as a metaphor – referring to the traffic standstill which results when congestion causes the flow to freeze up completely.
2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament
The 2014 Women's National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2014 Women's NCAA tournament. The annual tournament began on March 19 and ended on April 5. All games were played on the campus sites of participating schools. The Tournament was won by the Rutgers Scarlet Knights who defeated the UTEP Miners, 56–54, in the championship game before a sellout crowd of 12,222 at the Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas.

UTEP Miners women's basketball
The UTEP Miners women's basketball team represents University of Texas at El Paso in women's basketball. The school competes in Conference USA in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Miners play home basketball games at Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas. Keitha Adams enters her second stint as head coach in 2023, returning after coaching the Miners from 2001 to 2017.
C. L. Gloger
Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger (17 September 1803 near Grottkau, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia – 30 December 1863 in Berlin) was a German zoologist and ornithologist.

Gloger was the first person to recognise the structural differences between swallows and swifts, and also the first to put up artificial bat boxes.

He was the originator of what is now known as Gloger's rule, which states that dark pigments increase in races of animals (birds were the examples in which he originally noticed the pattern) living in warm and humid habitats. He put forward this theory in his Das Abändern der Vögel durch Einfluss des Klimas (1833). The exact way this pattern is actually caused is still unclear, but in birds it has been suggested that darker pigmented plumage provides protection against feather-degrading bacteria, whose activity is greater in warm and humid regions.  His other works include Gemeinnütziges Hand- und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte (1841).

Swift (bird)
The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely related to the true swifts, but form a separate family, the Hemiprocnidae.

Resemblances between swifts and swallows are due to convergent evolution, reflecting similar life styles based on catching insects in flight.

The family name, Apodidae, is derived from the Greek ἄπους (ápous), meaning "footless", a reference to the small, weak legs of these most aerial of birds. The tradition of depicting swifts without feet continued into the Middle Ages, as seen in the heraldic martlet.
Pidhiria, Brody urban hromada, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast
Pidhiria (Ukrainian: Підгір'я, Polish: Wołochy) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Brody urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.

Until 18 July 2020, Pidhiria belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Tarnopol Voivodeship
Tarnopol Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo tarnopolskie; Ukrainian: Тернопільське воєводство, romanized: Ternopilske voievodstvo) was an administrative region of interwar Poland (1918–1939), created on 23 December 1920, with an area of 16,500 km2 and provincial capital in Tarnopol (now Ternopil, Ukraine). The voivodeship was divided into 17 districts (powiaty). At the end of World War II, at the insistence of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference of 1943 without official Polish representation whatsoever, the borders of Poland were redrawn by the Allies. The Polish population was forcibly resettled after the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Tarnopol Voivodeship was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, the territory of the voivodeship has been split between the eastern part of the Lviv region and the central and southern parts of the Ternopil region in sovereign Ukraine.
Govindaraja II
Govindaraja II (r. c. 863–890 CE), also known as Guvaka II, was an Indian king from the Shakambhari Chahamana dynasty. He ruled parts of present-day Rajasthan in north-western India as a Gurjara-Pratihara vassal.

Govinda-raja II ascended the Chahamana throne after his father Chandraraja II. The Harsha stone inscription describes Govinda II as a warrior as great as his grandfather Govinda I.

The Prithviraja Vijaya states that 12 kings wanted to marry Govinda's sister Kalavati, but he defeated them, and gave his sister in marriage to the emperor of Kanyakubja. This ruler of Kannauj is identified with the Pratihara emperor Bhoja I.

Govinda II was succeeded by his son Chandanaraja.

Harshnath Temple
Harshnath Temple (Sanskrit: हर्षनाथ् Harṣanātha) is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva which is situated in the Sikar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 14 km from district headquarters Sikar.
Typing game
A typing game is a genre of video games that involves correctly entering letters, words, or sentences on the keyboard. It began as a sub-genre of educational games designed to familiarize players with keyboard use and to improve skill at touch typing. Successfully typing a letter or word is tied to an action, such as firing a weapon at an attacking space ship. Companies associated with video games, like Broderbund, Atari, Inc., and Sirius Software all released typing games in the early 1980s. More formal educational software like Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing (1987) incorporates minigames as a practice option. Some later games, like Type Rush, add online competition based on players' typing speeds, making typing more addictive.

In the 2000s, a number of independently produced parodies of educational typing games reinvigorated the genre. Other games are built around typing as a method of interaction, removing the educational aspect altogether.

Educational game
Educational games are games explicitly designed with educational purposes, or which have incidental or secondary educational value. All types of games may be used in an educational environment, however educational games are games that are designed to help people learn about certain subjects, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand a historical event or culture, or assist them in learning a skill as they play. Game types include board, card, and video games.

As educators, governments, and parents realize the psychological need and benefits that gaming has on learning, this educational tool has become mainstream. Games are interactive play that teach goals, rules, adaptation, problem solving, interaction, all represented as a story. They satisfy a fundamental need to learn by providing enjoyment, passionate involvement, structure, motivation, ego gratification, adrenaline, creativity, social interaction and emotion in the game itself while the learning takes place.
1887 North East Cork by-election
The 1887 North East Cork by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North East Cork on 16 May 1887. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Edmund Leamy of the Irish Parliamentary Party. In the ensuing by-election another Irish Parliamentary Party candidate, William O'Brien, former member for South Tyrone, was elected unopposed.

North East Cork (UK Parliament constituency)
North East Cork, a division of County Cork, was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. From 1885 to 1922 it returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Until the 1885 general election the area was part of the County Cork constituency. From 1922, on the establishment of the Irish Free State, it was not represented in the UK Parliament.
2022 Iraqi Super Cup
The 2022 Iraqi Super Cup was the 11th edition of the Iraqi Super Cup. It was held on 2 October 2022 between the 2021–22 Iraqi Premier League champions Al-Shorta and the 2021–22 Iraq FA Cup winners Al-Karkh at Al-Madina Stadium. Al-Shorta made their third appearance in the Super Cup while Al-Karkh made their first appearance. Al-Shorta won the match 1–0 with a goal from Abdoul Madjid Moumouni to clinch their second Super Cup title.

2021–22 Iraqi Premier League
The 2021–22 Iraqi Premier League was the 48th season of the Iraqi Premier League, the highest tier football league in Iraq, since its establishment in 1974. The season started on 20 September 2021 and ended on 3 July 2022, with the relegation play-off held on 10 September 2022.

Al-Shorta secured the title with seven rounds of the league remaining, setting a new record for the earliest title win in Iraq and finishing a record 21 points clear at the top of the table. Al-Shorta also became the first club to beat all other teams in a 20-team season and the first club to win all Baghdad derbies home and away in one season.

Al-Shorta forward Mahmoud Al-Mawas from Syria became the first non-Iraqi player to win the league's top scorer award, scoring 22 goals, and the club's Egyptian manager Moamen Soliman became the first manager from Africa to win the Iraqi Premier League.
Downtown Roanoke
Downtown is the central business district of Roanoke, Virginia, United States. Developed after the completion of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad in 1882, the Downtown core forms the geographic center of the city and the center of business for the Roanoke Valley and Southwest Virginia, the Roanoke City Market, the Roanoke Downtown Historic District and many other attractions and amenities.

Roanoke Valley
The Roanoke Valley (/ˈroʊ.əˌnoʊk/ ROH-ə-nohk) in southwest Virginia is an area adjacent to and including the Roanoke River between the Blue Ridge Mountains to the east and the Appalachian Plateau to the west. The valley includes much of Roanoke County, as well as the two independent cities of Roanoke and Salem.
Bernard Codd
Bernard David Codd (1934 – 29 July 2013) was an English professional motorcycle road racer. He was a double winner at the 1956 Isle of Man TT motorcycle race.

Bernard was born in 1934 in Boston, Lincolnshire and he attended Boston Grammar School between 1945 and 1950.

In the Junior (350cc) race, he led all the way for three laps of the Mountain Circuit at an average of over 82 mph.  The same day, on a 500cc for the Senior race, he led the first lap closely followed by Ron Jerrard.  His second lap edged him away, and he continued to pull away to win after the third lap, averaging over 86 mph overall.  His two race times were 1h 22m 40.4s & 1h 18m 40.6s.

In 1957 following the TT, another rider at Crystal Palace hit him from behind.  Injuries to his right leg put an end to his career.

Bernard died on 29 July 2013, aged 79.

Recently published is "Bernard Codd - His Racing" Story by Paul Skinner, available on Amazon

https://imuseum.im/search/collections/events/mnh-event-467.html

Crystal Palace National Sports Centre
The National Sports Centre at Crystal Palace in south London, England is a large sports centre and outdoor athletics stadium. It was opened in 1964 in Crystal Palace Park, close to the site of the former Crystal Palace Exhibition building which had been destroyed by fire in 1936, and is on the same site as the former FA Cup Final venue which was used here between 1895 and 1914.

It was one of the five National Sports Centres, run on behalf of Sport England, but responsibility was transferred to the London Development Agency (now GLA Land and Property) and is managed by Greenwich Leisure Limited, under their Better brand logo.

The athletics stadium has a capacity of 15,500, which can be increased to 24,000 with temporary seating. It has hosted international athletics meetings in the past.

As well as sporting events, the stadium has played host to a number of live open air concerts, by artists such as Coldplay, Bruce Springsteen, Sex Pistols and Depeche Mode.
The Girl from Everywhere
The Girl from Everywhere is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by Edward F. Cline and starring Daphne Pollard, Dot Farley, Mack Swain and Carole Lombard. The film, produced by Mack Sennett, is a parody of silent filmmaking, and showcases his "bathing beauties".

Mack Sennett
Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American producer, director, actor, and studio head who was known as the "King of Comedy" during his career.

Born in Danville, Quebec, he started acting in films in the Biograph Company of New York City in 1908, and later opened Keystone Studios in Edendale, California in 1912. Keystone possessed the first fully enclosed film stage, and Sennett became famous as the originator of slapstick routines such as pie-throwing and car-chases, as seen in the Keystone Cops films. He also produced short features that displayed his Bathing Beauties, many of whom had  acting careers.

After struggling with bankruptcy and the dominance of sound films in the early 1930s, Sennett was presented with an honorary Academy Award in 1938 for his contributions to the film industry, with the academy describing him as a "master of fun, discoverer of stars, sympathetic, kindly, understanding comedy genius".