hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Armstrong Whitworth 12-inch 40-calibre naval gun
The Armstrong Whitworth 12-inch naval gun of 40 calibres length was designed by and manufactured mainly by Armstrong's ordnance branch, Elswick Ordnance Company. It was intended for the Royal Navy's Royal Sovereign-class battleships, but budgetary constraints delayed their introduction. The first units were instead supplied to Japan. As the Type 41 12-inch (305 mm) 40-calibre naval gun it was the standard main battery on several early United Kingdom-built pre-dreadnought battleships of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

It later entered service with the RN as the 12-inch Mark IX, being fitted to warships of three pre-dreadnought classes prior to World War I. Also, during the war several guns were converted for use as railway guns, and, towards the end of the conflict, for use on the M-class submarine monitors.

The gun also saw service with the Italian Regia Marina, in two classes of pre-dreadnought battleships.

Main battery
A main battery is the primary weapon or group of weapons around which a warship is designed. As such, a main battery was historically a naval gun or group of guns used in volleys, as in the broadsides of cannon on a ship of the line.  Later, this came to be turreted groups of similar large-caliber naval rifles. With the evolution of technology the term has come to encompass guided missiles and torpedoes as a warship's principal offensive weaponry, deployed both on surface ships and submarines.

A main battery features common parts, munition and fire control system across the weapons which it comprises.
Cho Hŭiryong
Cho Hŭiryong (Korean: 조희룡; Hanja: 趙熙龍; 1789–1866) was a painter during the late Joseon Dynasty, born in Hanyang (today Seoul).

He grouped Byeokosisa in 1847, visiting Mount Kumgang by the order of King Heonjong in 1849 and later presented the poem. However, he was banished to Imja island in Sinan county from 1851 to 1853.

King Heonjong was highly interested in calligraphy and drawings, which affected his posture during his era. Kim Jeong-hui also acknowledged him as the most talented painter at the time. He became professional in writing Chusache (calligraphy) originated by Kim Jeong hui and also left several writings.

He enjoyed drawing flowers and scenery in great quality, and was said to be fond of painting apricot flowers. Aside from flowers, his painting also dealt with bamboos and pine trees which were one of the most popular and observed themes of Korean painting. His painting named "Mokjukdo" (The painting of Trees and Bamboo) is housed in the National museum of Korea.

Heonjong of Joseon
Heonjong (Korean: 헌종; Hanja: 憲宗; 8 September 1827 – 25 July 1849), personal name Yi Hwan (이환; 李烉), was the 24th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. His father was Crown Prince Hyomyeong, who died at the age of 20 before becoming king, and his mother was Queen Sinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan.
Naal 2
Naal 2 (English: Bond) is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language drama film written and directed by Sudhakar Reddy Yakkanti, and produced by Nagraj Manjule under the banner Aatpat Production and Zee Studios. It serves as a sequel to the 66th National Film Awards winner 2018 film Naal. The film stars an ensemble cast of Shrinivas Pokale, Nagraj Manjule, Devika Daftardar, Deepti Devi and Jitendra Joshi. Naal 2 won the Best Children's Film at the 71st National Film Awards.

National Film Award for Best Debut Film of a Director
The National Film Award for Best Debut Film of a Director is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Golden Lotus (Swarna Kamal).

The award was instituted in 1980, at 28th National Film Awards and has been awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages; Hindi (11 Awards), Bengali and Malayalam (9 Awards each), Tamil (5 Awards), Marathi (4 Awards), Assamese, English and Telugu (2 each), Haryanvi, Jasari, Karbi and Ladakhi (1 Each).

The award includes 'Golden Lotus Award' (Swarna Kamal) and cash prize. Until 69th edition, the award was given to director and producer. The name was shortened to Best Debut Film of a Director since 70th National Film Awards, and the director alone is awarded. The prize money was increased to ₹3,00,000.
SumBingTik Festival
The SumBingTik Festival is an annual cultural festival held on December 1 in Cainta, Rizal. The festival starts on the feast day of Cainta's first patron saint, Saint Andrew the Apostle, on November 30, and continues on the day of the town's founding anniversary and feast of Our Lady of Light, the principal patron saint of the town, which is celebrated on December 1. The festival was first celebrated in 2014.

Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle (Koine Greek: Ἀνδρέας, romanized: Andréas [anˈdre.aːs̠]; Latin: Andreas [än̪ˈd̪reː.äːs]; Aramaic: אַנדּרֵאוָס; Classical Syriac: ܐܰܢܕ݁ܪܶܐܘܳܣ, romanized: ʾAnd'raʾwās) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus.

The title First-Called (Πρωτόκλητος, Prōtoklētos) used by the Eastern Orthodox Church stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognising him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Peter to him.

According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Andrew is the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Second Battle of Tarain
The Second Battle of Tarain or Second Battle of Tararoi was fought in 1192 between the Ghurid forces of Muhammad Ghuri and the Rajput Confederacy of Prithviraj Chauhan. It took place near Tarain (modern Taraori), which is 110 kilometres (68 mi), north of Delhi. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the invading Ghurids and their successful penetration into the north Indian plain.

The battle is regarded as a watershed event in Medieval India history as it led to the destruction of Rajput powers for a while and laid the foundation of Muslim rule in North India, which led to the establishment of Delhi Sultanate.

Firishta
Firishta or Ferešte (Persian: فرشته), full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (Persian: محمدقاسم هندوشاہ استرابادی), was a Persian historian, who later settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian. He was born in 1570 and died between 1611 and 1623.
SNCF BB 1420
The SNCF locomotives BB 1425 to BB 1440 were a class of 1500 V DC 4 axle electric locomotives originally built for the Chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans in the 1920s.

The locomotives were used on mixed trains on lines between Paris and Bordeaux, after incorporation into SNCF the locomotives were used for shunting duties.

Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans
The Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃paɲi dy ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də paʁi a ɔʁleɑ̃], PO) was an early French railway company.

It merged with the Chemins de fer du Midi to form the Chemins de fer de Paris à Orléans et du Midi (PO-Midi) in 1934. In 1938 the PO-Midi was nationalized with five other companies to become a part of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF).
Ildefonso (given name)
Ildefonso (Ildefonsus) is a Spanish given name, ultimately from  Gothic Hildefuns, the name of 7th-century saint and archbishop Ildephonsus.

Other people with the given name include:

Ildefonso Falcones (born 1959), Spanish author and lawyer

Ildefonso Puigdendolas ((1876–1936), Spanish military officer

Ildefonso Santos (1897–1984), Filipino educator and poet

Ildefonso P. Santos Jr. (1929–2014), Filipino architect, son of the above

Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
Ildefonso Paez Santos Jr. (September 5, 1929 – January 29, 2014), popularly known simply as "IP Santos", was a Filipino architect who was known for being the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture."  He was recognized as a National Artist of the Philippines in the field of Architecture in 2006.

He was the son of Filipino poet Ildefonso Santos and Asuncion Paez.
St. George and the Dragon (ballad)
"St. George and the Dragon," or "An Excellent Ballad of St. George and the Dragon" is a 17th-century  ballad that considers the account of England's patron saint, St. George, and his famous defeat of a dragon. Printed on a broadside, "St. George and the Dragon" is a ballad with less of a narrative about the St. George and the Dragon episode in the Romance genre, and more of a continued assertion that St. George's defeat of the dragon is the most heroic episode in known myth or history. The collections of various libraries house surviving copies of the ballad printed on broadsides, including the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, and the Huntington Library. Online copies of the ballad facsimiles are also available.

Broadside ballad
A broadside (also known as a broadsheet) is a single sheet of inexpensive paper printed on one side, often with a ballad, rhyme, news and sometimes with woodcut illustrations. They were one of the most common forms of printed material between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly in Britain, Ireland and North America because they are easy to produce and are often associated with one of the most important forms of traditional music from these countries, the ballad. They were also common across Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.
Roman Hamrlík
Roman Hamrlík (born April 12, 1974) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was originally selected first overall in the 1992 NHL entry draft by the Tampa Bay Lightning, the first-ever selection by the expansion franchise, beginning his career with the team and later playing for the Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders, Calgary Flames, Montreal Canadiens, Washington Capitals, and New York Rangers. In total, he played 1,395 games during his NHL career and participated in three NHL All-Star Games, in 1996, 1999, and 2003.

Hamrlík also represented the Czech Republic on numerous occasions at the international level, including at the 1998 Winter Olympics, where he was part of the gold medal-winning Czech team. He also played in the 2002 Winter Olympics, as well as two Ice Hockey World Championships, in 1994 and 2004, and two World Cup of Hockey tournaments, in 1996 and 2004 World Cup of Hockey.

Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah, United States. The men's and women's tournaments were won by Canada, defeating the hosts United States in both finals. Sweden won the bronze medal in the women's tournament and Russia in the men's tournament.
There Ain't No Justice
There Ain't No Justice is a 1939 British sports drama film directed by Pen Tennyson and starring Jimmy Hanley, Edward Chapman and Edward Rigby. The film is based on the 1937 novel of the same name by James Curtis.

There Ain't No Justice (novel)
There Ain't No Justice is sports novel by the British writer James Curtis first published in 1937 by Jonathan Cape. The novel was republished in 2014 by London Books as the tenth title in its London Classics series with a contemporary introduction by Martin Knight.
Rossiya Tournament 1976
Rossiya Tournament 1976 was played in Khabarovsk on 22–25 January 1976. It was the third time the Rossiya Tournament was arranged. The Soviet Union won the tournament.

The tournament was decided by round-robin results like a group stage.

Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk (Russian: Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as Khabarovka until 1893.

The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers.
L. Edna Walter
Lavinia Edna Walter MBE (usually publishing as L. Edna Walter, 1866–1962) was an English chemistry teacher and children's author. She carried out a systematic trial of the heuristic method of teaching in a girls' school before becoming an inspector and advisor on schools for the British government. She published several children’s books of travel writing and songs, including collections of British and European nursery rhymes.

Heuristic
A heuristic or heuristic technique (problem solving, mental shortcut, rule of thumb) is any approach to problem solving that employs a pragmatic method that is not fully optimized, perfected, or rationalized, but is nevertheless "good enough" as an approximation or attribute substitution. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.

Heuristic reasoning is often based on induction, or on analogy ... Induction is the process of discovering general laws ... Induction tries to find regularity and coherence ... Its most conspicuous instruments are generalization, specialization, analogy. [...] Heuristic discusses human behavior in the face of problems [... that have been] preserved in the wisdom of proverbs.
Alan Lynch (artist)
Alan Lynch (August 27, 1926 – April 15, 1994) was an American painter associated with post-war California art.

Throughout the 1950s, he was active amongst artists living in Los Angeles, where he worked alongside artists Robert Irwin, Craig Kauffman, Billy Al Bengston, and others associated with Ferus Gallery. Throughout the 1960s, he would exhibit with Dilexi Gallery in San Francisco before withdrawing from commercial exhibitions in favor of maintaining a private artistic practice throughout the 1970s until his death in 1994

Though his work remained in obscurity after 1969, figures like Irwin and Kauffman regarded him as an early influence and catalyst for their engagement with spiritual philosophies

Billy Al Bengston
Billy Al Bengston (June 7, 1934 – October 8, 2022) was an American visual artist and sculptor who lived and worked in Venice, California, and Honolulu, Hawaii. Bengston was probably best known for work he created that reflected California's "Kustom" car and motorcycle culture. He pioneered the use of sprayed layers of automobile lacquer in fine art and often used colors that were psychedelic and shapes that were mandala-like. ARTnews referred to Bengston as a "giant of Los Angeles's postwar art scene."
Oreolalax rhodostigmatus
Oreolalax rhodostigmatus (Guizhou lazy toad or red-spotted toothed toad) is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to central and south-central China where it can be found in Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces.
While its distribution is relatively wide, it is known from only few locations. Its natural habitats are limestone caves in forested habitats. Breeding takes place in springs and stream pools inside the limestone caves. It is threatened by habitat loss and locally by collection for food (tadpoles).

Oreolalax rhodostigmatus is among the largest of the Oreolalax: males grow to about 68 mm (2.7 in) in snout-vent length and females to about 67 mm (2.6 in). Tadpoles are particularly large, 104 mm (4.1 in) in length.

Megophryidae
Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to the Philippines. Fossil remains are also known from North America. As of 2014 it encompasses 246 species of frogs divided between five genera. For lack of a better vernacular name, they are commonly called megophryids.
Jane Wenham (actress)
Ann Jane Wenham Figgins (26 November 1927 – 15 November 2018), known professionally as Jane Wenham, was an English movie and television actress born in Southampton, Hampshire.

Wenham made her movie debut in the adaptation of J. B. Priestley's An Inspector Calls (1954). From 1957 to 1961, she was married to the actor Albert Finney, with whom she had a son, Simon, who is a cameraman.

Wenham died in November 2018, at age 90.

J. B. Priestley
John Boynton Priestley (/ˈpriːstli/; 13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator.

His Yorkshire background is reflected in much of his fiction, notably in The Good Companions (1929), which first brought him to wide public notice. Many of his plays are structured around a time slip, and he went on to develop a new theory of time, with different dimensions that link past, present and future.

In 1940, he broadcast a series of short propaganda radio talks, which were credited with strengthening civilian morale during the Battle of Britain. In the following years his left-wing beliefs brought him into conflict with the government and influenced the development of the welfare state. He wrote a number of plays during this period, including An Inspector Calls (1945).
LY-341495
LY-341495 is a research drug developed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, which acts as a potent and selective orthosteric antagonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3).

It is used in scientific research in several different areas, showing antidepressant effects in animal models, increasing the behavioural effects of hallucinogenic drugs in animal tests, and increasing the analgesic effects of μ-opioid agonists, as well as modulating dopamine receptor function.

The 1-fluorocyclopropane analog has a superior pharmacokinetic profile and similar mGluR2/3 affinity, and making a prodrug from this with the heptyl ester increases bioavailability still further.

Mu-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (using the Greek letter mu, abbreviated MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(mu)-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical μ-opioid receptor agonist is morphine, the primary psychoactive alkaloid in opium and for which the receptor was named, with mu being the first letter of Morpheus, the compound's namesake in the original Greek. It is an inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor that activates the Gi alpha subunit, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity, lowering cAMP levels.
Nick Lyons
Nick Lyons (born 1932) is a fly-fisherman and angler. In addition to fishing, Lyons was an English professor and an accomplished writer. He mostly stuck to books in the fly fishing genre. Lyons founded The Lyons Press, a publishing agency based in Essex, Connecticut. He is now retired and resides on the east coast.

Essex, Connecticut
Essex is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 6,733 at the 2020 census. It is made up of three villages: Essex Village, Centerbrook, and Ivoryton.
July 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
July 15 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - July 17

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 29 by Old Calendar.

For July 16th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 3.

Metropolis of Thessaloniki
The Metropolis of Thessaloniki (Greek: Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης) is a Greek Orthodox metropolitan see based in the city of Thessaloniki in Central Macedonia, Greece. It is part of the so-called "New Lands", belonging to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but being administered by the Church of Greece. The see traces its history to its foundation by the Apostle Paul in the 1st century. Since 2023, the incumbent metropolitan is Filotheos Theocharis.
Border Patrol (New Zealand TV series)
Border Patrol is a New Zealand reality television series, focusing on the work at New Zealand's borders of New Zealand Customs Service, the Ministry for Primary Industries, and Immigration New Zealand. The series also features appearances by staff from the Department of Conservation. The first season premiered in 2004, and it is an original New Zealand concept which has now been replicated throughout the world. In 2006, Border Patrol was the winner of the Best Reality Series at the New Zealand Screen Awards. It is narrated by Tim Balme.

Border Patrol is very popular in New Zealand, and regularly wins its timeslot with usually more than 500,000 viewers per episode. In fact, in January 2012, Border Patrol repeats were screened every night on TV One at 7pm, and in one week it was the most watched show every day, reaching a peak of more than 830,000 viewers during the episode that screened on 9 January.

Immigration New Zealand
Immigration New Zealand (Māori: Te Ratonga Manene; INZ), formerly the New Zealand Immigration Service (NZIS), is the agency within the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) that is responsible for border control, issuing travel visas and managing immigration to New Zealand.
Charlie Howard (cricketer)
Charlie Howard (27 September 1854 – 20 May 1929) was an English cricketer. Howard was a right-handed batsman, although his bowling style is unknown. He was born at Chichester, Sussex.

Howard made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1874 at the County Ground, Hove. He made 21 further first-class appearances for Sussex, the last of which came against Hampshire in 1882. In his 22 first-class appearances for Sussex, he scored 508 runs at an average of 17.14, with a high score of 106. He made this score against Hampshire in 1880, with this score being his only first-class century, as well as being the only time he passed fifty. He also made a single first-class appearance for a United Eleven against the touring Australian in 1882, which was his final first-class match.

He died at the city of his birth on 20 May 1929.

Glossary of cricket terms
This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket).

Cricket is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game.
Amir Hossain Amu
Amir Hossain Amu (Bengali: আমির হোসেন আমু; born 1 January 1940) is a Bangladeshi politician, a former member of Jatiya Sangsad representing the Jhalokati-2 constituency, and served as the minister of industries during 2014–2019. He was the coordinator and spokesman for the Awami League-led 14-party Grand Alliance.

Ministry of Industries (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Industries (Bengali: শিল্প মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Śilpa Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for formulating and implementing industrial policy, promoting industrial growth, and ensuring the sustainable development of the industrial sector across the country. The ministry oversees state-owned industrial enterprises and supports the development of manufacturing, small and medium industries, and industrial infrastructure.
Appelman
Appelman is a Dutch surname. As appelman was a name for a fruit dealer, the surname could have an occupational origin. People with this name include:

Bartholomeus Appelman (1628–1686), Dutch painter

Barry Appelman, American computer programmer

Ted Appelman (born 1980), Canadian curler

Zach Appelman (born 1985), American actor

Zach Appelman
Zach Appelman (born August 5, 1985) is an American film, television and theatre actor. He is known for portraying Luke Detweiler in the 2013 film Kill Your Darlings, Joe Corbin in the television series Sleepy Hollow, and Alton Finn in the television series Beauty & the Beast.