hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khapper
Khappers were Russian Jews employed by the Kahals to fulfill the recruit quotas imposed on the Jewish communities from 1827 to 1857 in the Russian Empire. Tsar Nicholas I created these recruit quotas because he viewed military service as a way to russify Jews, whom he held in low regard, by teaching them the Russian language and converting them to Russian Orthodox Christianity.

Khappers were employed to kidnap Jewish boys (sometimes as young as eight) to fill a quota of Jews required to enter the cantonist schools, in preparation for service in the Russian Army, in the situations where such quotas were not filled legally, due to attempts by the families to hide their children. The term is a 19th-century colloquialism that comes from the Yiddish  word for grabber, in itself a borrowing from Ukrainian "хапати" (khapaty, to grab).

Qahal
The qahal (Hebrew: קהל), sometimes spelled  kahal, was a theocratic organizational structure in ancient Israelite society according to the Hebrew Bible, and an Ashkenazi Jewish system of a self-governing community or kehila from medieval Christian Europe (France, Germany, Italy). This was adopted in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (16th–18th centuries) and its successor states, with an elected council of laymen, the 'qahal', at the helm of each kehila. This institution was exported also further to the east as Jewish settlement advanced. In Poland it was abolished in 1822, and in most of the Russian Empire in 1844.
Byron Ford
Byron James Ford is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played for Newtown in the second tier NSW Cup competition in which he played for them in the 2008 NSW Cup grand final. He previously played in England with Hull Kingston Rovers and Oldham, helping the Roughyeds get to the 2007 National League Two Grand Final. He was to join the Newcastle Knights in 2009 on a 2-year contract but was banned from playing rugby league until June 2010.

He also represented the Cook Islands rugby league team on several occasions after qualifying to play for them via the parent rule.

He is also a member of the Maroubra surf gang the Bra Boys.

Cook Islands national rugby league team
The Cook Islands national rugby league team have represented the Cook Islands in international rugby league football since 1986. Administered by the Cook Islands Rugby League Association (CIRLA), the team has competed at three Rugby League World Cups, in 2000, 2013 and 2021.
Joseph C. Patrick
Dr. Joseph Cecil Patrick (August 28, 1892 – April 12, 1965) invented Thiokol, America's first synthetic rubber in the early 1920s.  While seeking a formulation for automotive antifreeze, he attempted to hydrolyze ethylene dichloride with sodium polysulfide.  In doing so, he produced a brown, insoluble gum that later became known as Thiokol. He solved commercial production problems by inventing the suspension polymerization process, and solved compounding problems by degrading high molecular weight polymer to a low molecular weight liquid polymer.  This material is one of the principal binders for rocket propellant.  Patrick's most cited research publication treated the subject of high molecular weight polymers.

Patrick was the 1958 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal.

Synthetic rubber
A synthetic rubber is an artificial elastomer. They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts. About 32 million tonnes (35 million short tons; 31 million long tons) of rubber is produced annually in the United States, and of that amount two thirds are synthetic. Synthetic rubber, just like natural rubber, has many uses in the automotive industry for tires, door and window profiles, seals such as O-rings and gaskets, hoses, belts, matting, and flooring. They offer a different range of physical and chemical properties which can improve the reliability of a given product or application. Synthetic rubbers are superior to natural rubbers in two major respects: thermal stability, and resistance to oils and related compounds.  They are more resistant to oxidizing agents, such as oxygen and ozone which can reduce the life of products like tires.
Adrian Palmer, 4th Baron Palmer
Adrian Bailie Nottage Palmer, 4th Baron Palmer (8 October 1951 – 10 July 2023), was a British aristocrat and landowner in Scotland. Lord Palmer succeeded his uncle in the peerage in 1990, and was one of the original ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999; he sat as a crossbencher until his death.

Crossbencher
A crossbencher is a minor party or independent member of some legislatures, such as the Parliament of Australia. In the British House of Lords the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to the government and opposition benches, where crossbenchers sit in the chamber.
Stigmella ficivora
Stigmella ficivora is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Gustafsson in 1985. It is endemic to Gambia where it is found only in one city called Bakau.

The larvae feed on Ficus parasitica species. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Bakau
Bakau is a town on the Atlantic coast of Gambia, west of Gambia's capital city of Banjul.  It is known for its botanical gardens, its crocodile pool Bakau Kachikally and for the beaches at Cape Point. Bakau is the first major suburb outside Banjul and the most developed town in the Gambia. Close to Bakau and Banjul is Gambia's largest city, Serekunda.
Margaret Owen (actress)
Margaret Owen was a burlesque actress who unwittingly became a decoy in the murder of Detroit, Michigan radio personality Jerry Buckley, on July 23, 1930. She made a phone call to Buckley which she believed was to invite him to a party at the La Salle Hotel in Detroit, following a recall election, which ousted Detroit mayor Charles Bowles. Instead, Buckley, a crusading political reporter, was gunned down in the hotel lobby by three assailants following Owen's 1:30 A.M. call. Buckley was an avid critic of Bowles and his life had been threatened earlier.

Jerry Buckley (journalist)
Gerald Enmett Buckley (April 5, 1891 – July 23, 1930) was an American radio commentator in Detroit, Michigan. He successfully campaigned for the recall of Mayor Charles Bowles in the wake of corruption allegations. Prior to his death, Buckley had served as an investigator for Henry Ford, and as a special investigator for the United States government.
Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue (Tondano)
The Sha'ar Hashayamim Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת שער השמים, romanized: Beit HaKnesset Sha'ar HaShayamim, lit. 'Gate of Heaven Synagogue') is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Tondano, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The synagogue was previously known as the Ohel Yaakov Synagogue.

The Spanish and Portuguese Sephardic congregation was founded in 2003 by Rabbi Yaakov Baruch, who also leads the congregation. A house was converted into a synagogue in 2004 and the synagogue was consecrated in September 2019.

Nusach Sefard
Nusach Sefard, Nusach Sepharad, or Nusach Sfard, is the name for various forms of the Jewish siddurim designed to reconcile Ashkenazi customs with the kabbalistic customs of Isaac Luria (more commonly known as the Arizal). To this end, it has incorporated the wording of Nusach Edot ha-Mizrach or Nusach Hasfaradim, the prayer book of Sephardi Jews, into certain prayers. Nusach Sefard is used nearly universally by Hasidim, as well as by some other Ashkenazi Jews (especially Dati leumi Jews), but has not gained significant acceptance by Sephardi Jews. Some Hasidic dynasties use their own version of the Nusach Sefard siddur, sometimes with a notable divergence between different versions.
An Evening with Michael Bublé
An Evening with Michael Bublé was the sixth concert tour by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. Launched in support of his tenth studio album, Love (2018), the tour began on February 13, 2019, in Tampa and played 152 shows throughout North America, Europe and Australia.

Love (Michael Bublé album)
Love (stylized as the red heart emoji ❤️) is the tenth studio album by Canadian singer Michael Bublé. It was released on November 16, 2018, by Reprise Records. It is supported by the lead single "When I Fall in Love".
Ivan Babikov
Ivan Sergeyevich Babikov (Russian: Иван Сергеевич Бабиков; born July 4, 1980) is a Russian-born Canadian cross-country skier who competed between 2002 and 2016. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Whistler, he earned his best finish of fifth in the 15 km + 15 km double pursuit, and was fourth in 2013 World Championship 15 km freestyle, representing Canada.

He was raised in Kozhva, Pechora District, Komi Republic and studied at Syktyvkar State University Sport faculty (1997–2004).

Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (Russian: Республика Коми; Komi: Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar.

The population of the republic  at the 2021 census was 737,853, down from 901,189 at the 2010 census.
Undertow (2018 film)
Undertow is a 2018 Australian psychological thriller film written and directed by Miranda Nation. The film premiered in August 2018 at the Melbourne International Film Festival, and in June 2019 at the Edinburgh International Film Festival. It was released in Australian cinemas in February 2020.

Edinburgh International Film Festival
The Edinburgh International Film Festival (EIFF), established in 1947, is the world's oldest continually running film festival.

EIFF presents both UK and international films (all titles are World, international, European or UK Premieres), in all genres and lengths. It also presents themed retrospectives and other specialized programming strands.
1920 All England Badminton Championships
The 1920 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, England from 2 March to 7 March 1920. It was the first All England Championships since 1914 following a six year break because of World War I.

George Thomas played under the alias George Allen and finally won his first men's singles title after many years of trying, his best previous singles result was as a losing finalist 16 years earlier in 1904. Another player Archibald Engelbach played under the alias Archibald Fee and won the doubles with Raoul du Roveray.

K. S. Tann was listed as representing China in the first round of the men's singles and was beaten by the defending champion Guy Sautter 15-1, 15-3. It was the first instance of a Chinese player appearing at the Championships. Tann partnered by Mackinnon also made it to the semi-finals of the men's doubles.

Lindley Hall, London
Lindley Hall in Elverton Street, Westminster, London is the older of the two Royal Horticultural Halls and is owned by RHS Enterprises Limited, which is part of the charity Royal Horticultural Society in central London. The other is Lawrence Hall, which is no longer owned by the RHS; both are close to Vincent Square.

Although built as an exhibition hall, Lindley Hall is increasingly used for product launches, conferences, fashion shows, banquets, weddings and other events.
Couve
Couve is a primarily French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolfo Couve (1940–1998), Chilean artist and writer

Jean-Michel Couve (1940–2025), French cardiologist and politician

Maurice Couve de Murville (1907–1999), French diplomat and politician

Maurice Couve de Murville (bishop) (1929–2007), French-born British Roman Catholic bishop

Tomás Couve (born 1972), Chilean equestrian

Maurice Couve de Murville (bishop)
Maurice Noël Léon Couve de Murville (27 June 1929 – 3 November 2007) was a French-born British Roman Catholic bishop. He was the seventh Archbishop of Birmingham from 25 March 1982 until his retirement on 12 June 1999, having formerly been a priest of the Diocese of Arundel and Brighton and chaplain of Fisher House, Cambridge.
Jean Alexander
Jean Margaret Hodgkinson (11 October 1926 – 14 October 2016), known by the stage name Jean Alexander, was a British actress. She was best known to television viewers for her long running role of Hilda Ogden in the soap opera Coronation Street, a role she played from 1964 until 1987, and also as Auntie Wainwright in the long-running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine from 1988 to 2010. For her role in Coronation Street, she won the 1985 Royal Television Society Award for Best Performance, and received a 1988 BAFTA TV Award nomination for Best Actress.

British Academy Television Award for Best Actress
This is a list of the British Academy Television Awards for Best Actress. The British Academy Television Awards began in 1955. The Best Actress award was initially given as an "individual honour", without credit to a particular performance, until 1969, when Wendy Craig won for her performance in Not in Front of the Children. Since 1970, nominees have been announced in addition to the winner, and are listed, with the winner highlighted in blue. The Actress category was split into Leading Actress and Supporting Actress, starting in 2010.

Julie Walters holds the record of most wins in this category with four, followed by Judi Dench, Thora Hird, and Helen Mirren, with three wins each. The nominations tally includes Helen Mirren and Francesca Annis having received 6 and Judi Dench and Julie Walters having received 7. The award is currently held by Marisa Abela having won most recently in 2025 for Industry.
Peter Hook
Peter Hook (born 13 February 1956) is an English musician. He is the former bassist and co-founder of the post-punk band Joy Division and its successor New Order. He often used the bass as a lead instrument, playing melodies on the high strings with a signature heavy chorus effect.

Along with Bernard Sumner, Hook formed the band which was to become Joy Division in 1976. Following the death of lead singer Ian Curtis in 1980, the band reformed as New Order; Hook played bass with the band until 2007.

Hook has recorded one album with Revenge (One True Passion), two albums with Monaco (Music for Pleasure and Monaco) and one album with Freebass (It's a Beautiful Life), serving as bassist, keyboardist and lead vocalist. He is currently the lead singer and one of the bassists for Peter Hook & the Light.

Inspiral Carpets
Inspiral Carpets are an English rock band, part of the late-1980s/early-1990s Madchester movement and known for using organs and distorted guitars with influences from psychedelic rock. The band was formed in Oldham in 1983; its band's most successful lineup featured frontman Tom Hingley, drummer Craig Gill, guitarist Graham Lambert, bassist Martyn Walsh, and keyboardist Clint Boon.

Going by "The Furs", Lambert formed line-ups loosely with other various past band members from 1980 to 1983 until he and singer Stephen Holt met at The Moor End indie disco in Oldham in 1983. Holt sang on the first two independent singles. Holt departed the band before they signed with Mute Records. In 2011, Hingley departed the band, though members disagree about the circumstances. The band continued, reuniting with Holt. Inactive since Gill's death in 2016, the band announced on 17 October 2022 that they would be reforming and going on a tour of the UK in March and April 2023.
Leydig's organ
Leydig's organ (named after the German histologist Franz Leydig who first described it in 1857) is a unique structure found only in some, but not all, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). Nestled along the top and bottom of the esophagus, it produces red blood cells, as do the spleen and special tissue around the gonads. Heterophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes are produced, closely resembling structures of mammalian plasma cells. Leydig's organ is part of the immune system.

Eosinophilic
Eosinophilic (Greek suffix -phil, meaning eosin-loving) describes the staining of tissues, cells, or organelles after they have been washed with eosin, a dye commonly used in histological staining.

Eosin is an acidic dye for staining cell cytoplasm, collagen, and muscle fibers. Eosinophilic describes the appearance of cells and structures seen in histological sections that take up the staining dye eosin. Such eosinophilic structures are, in general, composed of protein.

Eosin is usually combined with a stain called hematoxylin to produce a hematoxylin- and eosin-stained section (also called an H&E stain, HE or H+E section). It is the most widely used histological stain for a medical diagnosis. When a pathologist examines a biopsy of a suspected cancer, they will stain the biopsy with H&E.

Some structures seen inside cells are described as being eosinophilic; for example, Lewy and Mallory bodies.
Some cells are also described as eosinophilic, such as Leukocytes.
Junior Iditarod
The Junior Iditarod Sled Dog Race, or Jr. Iditarod, is a 148- to 158-mile (222 km) sled dog race for mushers between the ages of 14 through 17, which is patterned after the 1,150-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race that is said to be 1,049 miles (1,688.2 km). The race is held outside Anchorage in the U.S. state of Alaska, and was the first long-distance race for juvenile mushers.

Sled dog
A sled dog is a dog trained and used to pull a land vehicle in harness, most commonly a sled over snow.

Sled dogs have been used in the Arctic for at least 8,000 years and, along with watercraft, were the only transportation in Arctic areas until the introduction of semi-trailer trucks, snowmobiles and airplanes in the 20th century, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods. They were used with varying success in the explorations of both poles, as well as during the Alaskan gold rush. Sled dog teams delivered mail to rural communities in Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Sled dogs today are still used by some rural communities, especially in areas of Russia, Canada, and Alaska as well as much of Greenland. They are used for recreational purposes and racing events, such as the Iditarod Trail and the Yukon Quest.
Matrampur
Matrampur is a village in Rohaniya block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,456 people, in 281 households. It has two primary schools and no healthcare facilities, and it hosts a weekly haat but not a permanent market.

The 1961 census recorded Matrampur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 535 people (265 male and 270 female), in 105 households and 102 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 513 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Matrampur (as "Matarampur") as having a population of 718 people, in 195 households, and having an area of 199.92 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.

Haat bazaar
Haat Bazaar (Bengali: হাটবাজার) is an open-air market that serves as a trading venue for local people in rural areas and towns mainly in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and India. Haat bazaars are conducted on a regular basis, usually once, twice or thrice a week, and in some places once every fortnight. At times, haat bazaars are organized in a different manner, to support or promote trading by and with rural people. In addition to providing trading opportunities, haat bazaars serve as meeting places, rural settlements come up around the haats which gradually grow into towns.
Fiscal drag
Fiscal drag happens when the government's net fiscal position (spending minus taxation) fails to cover the net savings desires of the private economy, also called the private economy's spending gap (earnings minus spending and private investment). The resulting lack of aggregate demand leads to deflationary pressure, or drag, on the economy, essentially due to lack of state spending or to excess taxation.

One cause of fiscal drag may be bracket creep, where progressive taxation increases automatically as taxpayers move into higher tax brackets due to inflation. This tends to moderate inflation, and can be characterized as an automatic stabilizer to the economy. Fiscal drag can also be a result of a hawkish stance towards government finances.

Deficit spending
Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit, the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. A central point of controversy in economics, government deficit spending was first identified as a necessary economic tool by John Maynard Keynes in the wake of the Great Depression.
Annandale State School
Annandale State School is a public, co-educational, primary school, located in the Townsville suburb of Annandale, in Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Department of Education, with an enrolment of 715 students and a teaching staff of 55, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep to Year 6.

Year 6
Year 6 is an educational year group in schools in many countries including Japan, most of Africa, Australia and New Zealand. It is usually the sixth year of compulsory education and incorporates students aged between ten and eleven.  It is generally the same as 5th grade in the United States, although the birthday cutoff date varies for different countries and schools.
Salomėja
Salomėja is a Lithuanian feminine given name. People bearing the name Salomėja include:

Salomėja Nėris (1904–1945), Lithuanian poet

Salomėja Stakauskaitė (1890–1971), Lithuanian educator and politician

Salomėja Zaksaitė (born 1985), Lithuanian chess player

Salomėja Zaksaitė
Salomėja Zaksaitė (born 25 July 1985 in Kaunas) is a Lithuanian chess player with the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM), scholar of criminal law and criminologist. She was 2014, 2016 and 2025 Lithuanian Women's champion, 1999 and 2013 Lithuanian Women's vice-champion.
Anacampsis timidella
Anacampsis timidella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux, Denmark, Fennoscandia, the Baltic region, Slovenia and Bulgaria.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm.

The larvae feed on Quercus species, mainly Quercus pubescens from within a rolled leaf. The larvae are about 12 mm in length. They have a red-violet body and black-brown head.

Fennoscandia
Fennoscandia (Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian: Fennoskandia; Russian: Фенноскандия, romanized: Fennoskandiya), Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is a peninsula in Europe which includes the Scandinavian and Kola peninsulas, mainland Finland, and Karelia. Administratively, this roughly encompasses the mainlands of Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia.
Ray Dolby
Ray Milton Dolby (/ˈdoʊlbi, ˈdɒl-/; January 18, 1933 – September 12, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR, which has been said to have "transformed sound reproduction".

In the 1950s he contributed to development of the video tape recorder while at Ampex, and in 1965 he founded Dolby Laboratories in London. There he invented and patented a method of noise reduction for use in analog recording which was widely adopted for the cassette tape. The company moved to California in 1976 and went on to develop audio and video formats for films, home video recorders, home theater, television broadcasts, and video streaming services.

Alexander M. Poniatoff
Alexander Matveevich Poniatoff (Russian: Александр Матвеевич Понятов, tr. Aleksándr Matvéjevič Ponjatóv; 25 March 1892 – 24 October 1980) was a Russian-born American electrical engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He was the founder of Ampex Data Systems Corporation