hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Physician (2013 film)
The Physician (German: Der Medicus) is a 2013 German historical drama film based on the novel of the same name by Noah Gordon. The film, co-written and directed by Philipp Stölzl, focuses on an orphan from an 11th-century English town whose mother died of side sickness. The boy vows to study medicine and decides to travel to Persia.

The film stars Tom Payne, Ben Kingsley (as physician Ibn Sina), Stellan Skarsgård, Olivier Martinez, and Emma Rigby in lead roles.

Mullah
Mullah (/ˈmʌlə, ˈmʊlə, ˈmuːlə/) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and Imams. The term is widely used in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, and is also used for a man who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law.

The title has also been used in some Mizrahi, Iranian (Persian), Afghan, Bukharian, Kaifeng, and Sephardic Jewish communities in reference to the community's leadership, especially its religious leadership.
Ottavio Piccolomini
Ottavio Piccolomini, 1st Duke of Amalfi (11 November 1599 – 11 August 1656) was an Italian nobleman whose military career included service as a Spanish general and then as a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire.

Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (German: [ɡenəʁaːlˈfɛltmaʁʃal] ⓘ; from Old High German marahscalc, "marshal, stable master, groom"; English: general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal; often abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire, (Reichsgeneralfeldmarschall); in the Habsburg monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used. The rank was the equivalent to Großadmiral (English: Grand Admiral) in the Kaiserliche Marine and Kriegsmarine, a five-star rank, comparable to OF-10 in today's NATO naval forces.
Kaiten Memorial Museum
Kaiten Memorial Museum (回天記念館, Kaiten Kinen-kan) is a museum on the island of Ōzushima in the Inland Sea, in Shūnan, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, dedicated to the history and memory of the Kaiten, a Special Attack Unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The museum first opened near the remains of the island's training base in 1968, reopening in today's building in 1998. The collection of some one thousand items includes wills, letters, uniforms, personal belongings, and photographs. The displays combine these exhibits with information panels on the background and history of the unit and the lives of those served in it. The museum is "a facility for learning about Peace through the minds and hearts of the Kaiten".

Collective memory
Collective memory is the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire collective" appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century. The philosopher and sociologist Maurice Halbwachs analyzed and advanced the concept of the collective memory in the book Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire (1925).

Collective memory can be constructed, shared, and passed on by large and small social groups. Examples of these groups can include nations, generations, communities, among others.

Collective memory has been a topic of interest and research across a number of disciplines, including psychology, sociology, history, philosophy, and anthropology.
Ayn al-Shams
Ayn al-Shams (Arabic: عين الشمس) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located in Homs Gap southwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Ayn Halaqim, Nisaf and Baarin to the east, and Mashta al-Helu and al-Kafrun to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Ayn al-Shams had a population of 2,327 in the 2004 census.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
February 1853 Danish Folketing election
Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 26 February 1853. Christian Albrecht Bluhme of the Højre party remained Prime Minister after the elections, but after the government failed to win a vote on who would succeed King Frederick VII on 18 April by the three-quarters majority necessary, the legislature was dissolved and early elections were held in May.

Frederick VII of Denmark
Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian; 6 October 1808 – 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch. During his reign, he signed a constitution that established a Danish parliament and made the country a constitutional monarchy. Frederick's motto was Folkets Kærlighed, min Styrke (Danish for the People's Love, my Strength).
2024 Santaizi ATP Challenger – Doubles
Sriram Balaji and Jonathan Erlich were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Ray Ho and Nam Ji-sung won the title after defeating Toshihide Matsui and Kaito Uesugi 6–2, 6–2 in the final.

Kaito Uesugi
Kaito Uesugi (上杉 海斗, Uesugi Kaito; born 2 June 1995) is a Japanese tennis player.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 128 achieved on 2 October 2023 and a singles ranking of No. 650 achieved on 27 August 2018.
2001–02 Women's National Soccer League
The 2001–02 Women's National Soccer League was the sixth season of the Women's National Soccer League. The season began on 3 November 2001, and concluded with the grand final on 9 March 2002.

Queensland Sting were the defending champions, as Canberra Eclipse won their first championship in a 1–0 win over NSW Sapphires in the grand final.

Women's National Soccer League
The Women's National Soccer League (WNSL) was Australia's top women's soccer league. Originally known as the Ansett Australia Summer Series for sponsorship reasons, the WNSL began in 1996 consisting of six clubs and continued through until 2004, folding alongside the National Soccer League. It was not until 2008 that a women's top flight league was re-established in Australia, named the W-League, as of the 2021–22 season renamed A-League Women.
Gaul (surname)
Gaul is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred R. Gaul (1837–1913), English composer and conductor

Arrah Lee Gaul (1888-1980), American painter

August Gaul (1869–1922), German sculptor

Charly Gaul (1932–2005), Luxembourgish cyclist

David Gaul (1886–1962), American swimmer and 1904 Olympian

Frank Gaul (born 1924), American politician

Gilbert Gaul (artist) (1855–1919), American war artist

Gilbert M. Gaul (born 1951), American journalist

Harvey Bartlett Gaul (1881–1945), American composer

Horace Gaul (1883–1939), ice hockey player

Karl Gaul (1889–1972), German politician

Michael Gaul (born 1973), former professional ice hockey defenceman

William Gaul (1850–1927), Bishop of Mashonaland

August Gaul
August Gaul (German: [ˈɡaʊl]; October 22, 1869 – October 18, 1922) was a German sculptor and expressionism artist, born in Großauheim (now part of Hanau).

August Gaul was a founding member of the Berlin Secession. On close terms with art dealers like Bruno and Paul Cassirer, he became a leading figure in the Berlin art scene before World War I. Gaul died of cancer in Berlin in 1922.
Daedalia Planum
Daedalia Planum is a plain on Mars located south of Arsia Mons at 21°48′S 128°00′W﻿ / ﻿21.8°S 128.0°W﻿ / -21.8; -128.0 and appears to be relatively featureless plain with multiple lava flows and small craters. It is mostly in the Memnonia quadrangle, but parts are in Tharsis quadrangle and Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle.  Modern imagery suggests that it may more accurately be called a "fluctus" rather than a "planum".

There is evidence that an ancient 4500 km-diameter impact basin formed in the Noachian epoch may be centered in Daedalia Planum.

MOLA map showing boundaries of Daedalia Planum and other regions.  Colors show elevations.

Layers in crater wall, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

Layers exposed at the base of a group of buttes in Mangala Valles in Memnonia quadrangle, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program.  Arrows point to boulders sitting in pits.  The pits may have formed by winds, heat from the boulders melting ground ice, or some other process.

Planetary nomenclature
Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so that the features can be easily located, described, and discussed. Since the invention of the telescope, astronomers have given names to the surface features they have discerned, especially on the Moon and Mars. To found an authority on planetary nomenclature, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) was organized in 1919 to designate and standardize names for features on Solar System bodies.
Scopus, Tasmania
Scopus is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Circular Head in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 19 kilometres (12 mi) west of the town of Smithton. The 2016 census recorded a population of 48 for the state suburb of Scopus.

Circular Head Council
Circular Head Council is a local government body in Tasmania covering the far north-west mainland. It is classified as a rural local government area with a population of 8,066, and its major towns and localities include Arthur River, Marrawah and Stanley, with Smithton being the largest and principal town.  The origin of the name “Circular Head” is unknown.
Ticlla (Caylloma-Tuti)
Ticlla (possibly from Quechua for eyelash; two-colored or for 'with alternating colors') is a 5,072-metre-high (16,640 ft)  mountain in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Caylloma Province, on the border of the districts of Caylloma and Tuti. Ticlla lies southwest of Jatunchungara and Chungara.

Department of Arequipa
Arequipa (Quechua: Ariqipa) is a department of Peru. Located to the country's southwest, it is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica, Ayacucho, Apurímac and Cuzco to the north, Puno to the east, the Department of Moquegua to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital, also called Arequipa, is Peru's second-largest city.
Back Round
"Back Round" is a song by Australian hard rock band Wolfmother. Written by vocalist and guitarist Andrew Stockdale, the song was the first material released since original band members Chris Ross and Myles Heskett left the band in August 2008. "Back Round" was originally released as a free digital download on the band's official website on 30 March 2009, and was later released as a downloadable single on iTunes on 26 May 2009. In October 2009 the song was featured on the deluxe edition of the band's second album, Cosmic Egg.

Andrew Stockdale
Andrew James Stockdale (born 20 July 1976) is an Australian singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist, and only continuous member of the rock band Wolfmother.
Rakowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Rakowo [raˈkɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milejewo, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Milejewo, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Elbląg, and 82 km (51 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Elbląg County
Elbląg County (Polish: powiat elbląski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Elbląg, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Pasłęk, 18 km (11 mi) east of Elbląg, Tolkmicko, 27 km (17 mi) north of Elbląg, and Młynary, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Elbląg.

The county covers an area of 1,430.55 square kilometres (552.3 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 57,395, of which the population of Pasłęk was 12,160, that of Tolkmicko was 2,689, that of Młynary was 1,772, and the rural population was 40,774.
Kartina Dahari
Biduanita Negara Kartina Dahari (12 November 1941 – 30 April 2014) was a Singaporean Malay singer and entertainer who was a fixture on television and radio from the 1950s to the 1980s. Dahari, who was nicknamed "Queen of Keroncong," a type of Malay folk music popular at the time, was best known for her hit single, "Sayang Di Sayang" ("Lover is Loved"), which was composed by Zubir Said. She was the first Malay language singer to record English language songs, releasing four EPs, two LPs and four singles in that language.

Television in Singapore
Television broadcasting in Singapore began on 15 February 1963. Public broadcaster Mediacorp, owned by the Singaporean government investment company Temasek Holdings, currently holds a monopoly on terrestrial television channels in the country. In addition, Pay-TV services are available from private operators such as StarHub TV and Singtel TV. Historically, the private ownership of satellite dishes was prohibited.
July Revolution (Ecuador)
The July Revolution (Revolución Juliana) was a civic-military movement in Ecuador that led to a coup on July 9, 1925. Spearheaded by the Military League, a group of young, progressive officers in the Ecuadorian Army, the coup resulted in the overthrow of President Gonzalo Córdova.

After an initial military junta, it was extended for six years until 1931, with two provisional government juntas and the presidency of Isidro Ayora, first interim and then constitutional, which ended with a new military coup on August 24, 1931.

The revolution was oriented against the coastal liberal oligarchy, which the military leaders viewed as corrupt and unable to address the socioeconomic problems facing modern Ecuador. Once in power, they introduced labor policies including the introduction of a minimum wage, an eight-hour workday, and a state pension fund, as well as other social reforms.

Geography of Ecuador
Ecuador is a country in western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, for which the country is named. Ecuador encompasses a wide range of natural formations and climates, from the desert-like southern coast to the snowcapped peaks of the Andes mountain range to the plains of the Amazon Basin. Cotopaxi in Ecuador is one of the world's highest active volcanos. It also has a large series of rivers that follow the southern border and spill into the northwest area of Peru.
A Colossal Failure of Common Sense
A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers is a 2009 non-fiction book written by Lawrence G. McDonald and Patrick Robinson which chronicles the events surrounding the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in the context of the 2008 financial crisis and the subprime mortgage crisis. The work is divided into a prologue, an epilogue, and twelve chapters.

As of August 9, 2009, the book was 7th on The New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover nonfiction.

A Colossal Failure of Common Sense is translated into 12 different languages.

Epilogue
An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος epílogo, "conclusion" from ἐπί epi, "in addition" and λόγος logos, "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks directly to the reader, that is more properly considered an afterword. The opposite is a prologue—a piece of writing at the beginning of a work of literature or drama, usually used to open the story and capture interest. Some genres, for example television programs and video games, call the epilogue an "outro" patterned on the use of "intro" for "introduction".

Epilogues are usually set in the future, after the main story is completed. Within some genres it can be used to hint at the next installment in a series of work. It is also used to satisfy the reader's curiosity and to cover any loose ends of the story.
2012–13 Croatian Second Football League
The 2012–13 Druga HNL (also known as 2. HNL) is the 22nd season of Croatia's second level football competition since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 18 August 2012 and is expected to end on 1 June 2013.

NK Dugopolje were league champions and earned a place in Croatia's first division, but were unable to complete all the requirement necessary for top league license. None of the teams from 2011–12 season were promoted to 1. HNL.

NK Dugopolje
NK Dugopolje is a Croatian professional football club based in the town of Dugopolje on the outskirts of Split, a city on the Adriatic coast. They were founded in 1952, and they currently play in the Prva nogometna liga (English: First football league), commonly Prva NL or 1. NL, is the second tier of the football league system in Croatia.
Dadi Leela
Dadi Leela (born Leelavati Harchandani; 20 December 1916 – 14 September 2017; sometimes spelled Dadi Leelan) was a Pakistani educationist, music teacher, philanthropist, and a former member of Sindh provincial assembly known for her advocacy of women's education. She also contributed to Sindhi culture and literature.

The recipient of Tamgha-e-Imtiaz for her contribution to the field of education, she worked as additional director of schools in Hyderabad and deputy and provincial commissioner for the Girl Guides till 1975. Later in 1985, she was appointed or selected as a Member of Provincial Assembly (MPA). She was the oldest surviving amil of Sindh.

Provincial Assembly of Sindh
The Provincial Assembly of Sindh is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Sindh, and is located in Karachi, its provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 168 seats, with 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats reserved for non-Muslims.

There was previously a Sind Legislative Assembly in the 
Sind Province of British India and in the early years of the state of Pakistan.
Harriet Dart
Harriet Dart (born 28 July 1996) is a British professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 70 on 9 September 2024, and a career-high doubles ranking of No. 59, on 14 October 2024.

Dart reached the final of the 2021 Wimbledon Championships in mixed doubles with Joe Salisbury. She has won two WTA 125 doubles titles as well as seven singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Marta Kostyuk
Marta Olehivna Kostyuk (Ukrainian: Марта Олегівна Костюк [ˈmɑrtɐ koˈsʲtʲuk]; born 28 June 2002) is a Ukrainian professional tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of No. 16 in singles, achieved on 17 June 2024 and No. 27 in doubles, achieved on 8 May 2023. On the WTA Tour, she has won one singles title (2023 ATX Open) and two doubles titles (2022 Slovenia Open and 2023 Birmingham Classic). Her best major singles performance is reaching the quarterfinals of the 2024 Australian Open. She is the current No. 2 Ukrainian player.
Cemetery of Punta Arenas
Cemetery of Punta Arenas Sara Braun is the public cemetery of the city of Punta Arenas, Chile. It is established on four hectares and is located in the northern area of the city, in Bulnes Avenue, between the streets Francisco Bilbao and Angamos. There are three entrances: the main entrance is in Bulnes Avenue, and two other entrances are in Francisco Bilbao and Angamos streets. Since the cemetery had long ago reached its capacity, it has been supplemented and largely replaced by a controversial newer cemetery further to the north of the city, though the earlier site retains its status as a "monument cemetery."

The cemetery has been ranked by CNN as one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the world. It was designated a National Monument of Chile in 2012.

National monuments of Chile
The National Monuments of Chile (Spanish: Monumentos Nacionales de Chile [MN]) are those places and properties, moveable or fixed, protected by the State of Chile under the 1970 Law No. 17,288 for the protection of National Monuments. This protection is managed by the Council of National Monuments (Spanish: Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales [CMN]) owing to the historical, artistic, scientific or commemorative value of those properties designated as national monuments, which represent the country's cultural heritage.

There are five categories of national monuments:

Historical monuments

Typical (or picturesque) zones

Nature preserves

Archeological monuments

Public monuments
Maija Tīruma
Maija Tīruma (born 28 November 1983) is a Latvian former luger who competed from 2000 to 2013.
She won two bronze medals in the mixed team relay event at the FIL World Luge Championships (2008, 2009). Tīruma also won a gold medal in the mixed team relay event at the 2008 FIL European Luge Championships in Cesana, Italy and finished seventh in the women's singles event at the same championships. Competing in three Winter Olympics, she earned her best finish of ninth in the women's singles event at Vancouver in 2010.

Since 2013, she is the head coach of the Bobsleigh, Luge and Skeleton Club of la Plagne in France. Her younger sister Elīza Cauce is also an Olympic former luger.

Cesana Pariol
Cesana Pariol was the venue for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton during the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The track, built for the Games, is located in Cesana Torinese. The €110 million venue had a capacity of 7,130 spectators, of whom 3,624 were seated. The track was closed in 2011 and has been abandoned since then. The track is scheduled to be demolished in summer 2026.

The track was considered for renovation for the 2026 Winter Olympics to host the sliding events, but the plans were turned down and a new track was built in Cortina d'Ampezzo for €119 million euros.
Linear verrucous epidermal nevus
Linear verrucous epidermal nevus  is a skin lesion characterized by a verrucous skin-colored, dirty-gray or brown papule.: 771 : 633   Generally, multiple papules present simultaneously, and coalesce to form a serpiginous plaque.: 633   When this nevus covers a diffuse or extensive portion of the body's surface area, it may be referred to as a systematized epidermal nevus, when it involved only one-half of the body it is called a nevus unius lateris.: 771

Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.