hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail Car Grand Isle
44°22′27.51″N 73°14′0.34″W﻿ / ﻿44.3743083°N 73.2334278°W﻿ / 44.3743083; -73.2334278

The Rail Car "Grand Isle" was a private railroad car operated as part of the Rutland Railroad and then the Central Vermont Railway from 1899 to 1959. It is now an exhibition building at Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont.

Rutland Railroad
The Rutland Railroad (reporting mark RUT) was a railroad in the northeastern United States, located primarily in the state of Vermont but extending into the state of New York at both its northernmost and southernmost ends. After its closure in 1961, parts of the railroad were taken over by the State of Vermont in early 1963 and are now operated by the Vermont Railway.
Sarah Posner
Sarah Posner is an American journalist and author. She is the author of two books about the American Christian right and has written for The American Prospect, The Guardian, The Nation, Salon, AlterNet, The Atlantic, The Washington Spectator, VICE, The Daily Beast, The New Republic, HuffPost, Mother Jones, Rolling Stone, MSNBC, and The Washington Post, among other publications. She was formerly a contributing writer for Religion Dispatches, writing on the intersection of religion and politics.

Her second book, Unholy, was favorably reviewed by the National Catholic Reporter and by writers at Wesleyan University and Washington University in St. Louis. Terry Gross interviewed Posner about her book on Fresh Air.

National Catholic Reporter
The National Catholic Reporter (NCR) is a national newspaper in the United States that reports on issues related to the Catholic Church. Based in Kansas City, Missouri, NCR was founded by Robert Hoyt in 1964. Hoyt wanted to bring the professional standards of secular news reporting to the press that covers Catholic news, saying that "if the mayor of a city owned its only newspaper, its citizens will not learn what they need and deserve to know about its affairs". The publication, which operates outside the authority of the Catholic Church, is independently owned and governed by a lay board of directors.
Amietia desaegeri
Amietia desaegeri is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is found west and south of the Rwenzori Mountains in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and north-western Rwanda. The common names Byangolo frog and De Saeger's river frog have been coined for it.

Rwenzori Mountains
The Rwenzori (also known as the Ruwenzori, Rwenzururu or Rwenjura) are a range of mountains in eastern equatorial Africa, located on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The highest peak of the Ruwenzori reaches 5,109 metres (16,762 ft), and the range's upper regions are permanently snow-capped and glaciated. Rivers fed by mountain streams form one of the sources of the Nile. Because of this, European explorers linked the Ruwenzori with the legendary Mountains of the Moon, claimed by the Greek scholar Ptolemy as the source of the Nile. Virunga National Park in eastern DR Congo and Rwenzori Mountains National Park in southwestern Uganda are located within the range.
St. Xavier's Church, Peyad
The St. Xavier's Church is a Roman Catholic Church run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Neyyattinkara.
 Diocese of Neyyattinkara was formed on  5 November 1996 and prior to the formation of Diocese of Neyyattinkara, St.Xavier's Church Peyad was under the control of Metropolitan Arch Diocese of Thiruvananthapuram. The church follows Latin Rite.

Archdiocese of Trivandrum
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Trivandrum  (Latin: Trivandren(sis) Latinorum) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church. Its episcopal see is Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, India. It shares its see with the major archeparchy of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, the Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum. The archdiocese a metropolitan see of an ecclesiastical province with four suffragan dioceses.
Presidential Commission of Inquiry on the Easter Attacks
The Presidential Commission of Inquiry on the Easter Attacks is a Presidential Commission of Inquiry in to the deadly Easter bomb attacks appointed by President Maithripala Sirisena on 21 April 2019 tasked with investigating the causes and background for the bombings. The commission is headed by Vijith Malalgoda, Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, Nugagaha Kapalle Illangakoon, retired Inspector-General of Police and Padmasiri Jayamanne, retired Secretary to the Ministry of Law and Order.

Based on its interim report which was submitted in two weeks, the Attorney General Dappula de Livera instructed the Criminal Investigation Department to carryout a criminal investigation against former Defence Secretary Hemasiri Fernando and IGP Pujith Jayasundera to determine if they failed to act on intelligence warnings about the attack.

Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā Śreṣthādikaranaya; Tamil: இலங்கை உயர் நீதிமன்றம், romanized: Ilaṇkai uyar nītimaṉṟam) is the highest court in Sri Lanka and the final judicial instance of record. Established in 1801 and empowered to exercise its powers subject to the provisions of the Constitution of Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court has ultimate appellate jurisdiction in constitutional matters and takes precedence over all lower courts. The Sri Lankan judicial system is a complex blend of common law and civil law. In some cases, such as those involving capital punishment, the decision may be passed on to the President of Sri Lanka for clemency petitions. The current Chief Justice of Sri Lanka is Padman Surasena.
Glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
In enzymology, a glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

CTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate  diphosphate + CDP-glucose

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, whereas its two products are diphosphate and CDP-glucose.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is CTP:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. Other names in common use include CDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, cytidine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, cytidine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, cytidine diphosphate-D-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and CTP:D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase.  This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism.

Cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate. CTP, much like ATP, consists of a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The major difference between the two molecules is the base used, which in CTP is cytosine.

CTP is a substrate in the synthesis of RNA.

CTP is a high-energy molecule similar to ATP, but its role as an energy coupler is limited to a much smaller subset of metabolic reactions.

CTP is a coenzyme in metabolic reactions like the synthesis of glycerophospholipids, where it is used for activation and transfer of diacylglycerol and lipid head groups, and glycosylation of proteins.

CTP acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase, which is used in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
Giuseppe Gené
Carlo Giuseppe Gené (7 December 1800 – 14 July 1847) was an Italian naturalist and author.

Gené was born at Turbigo in Lombardy and studied at the University of Pavia. He published a number of papers on natural history, particularly entomology. In 1828 he became an assistant lecturer in natural history at the university, and in the following year he traveled to Hungary, returning with a collection of insect specimens. Between 1833 and 1838 he made four trips to Sardinia collecting insects.

In 1830 Gené succeeded Franco Andrea Bonelli as professor of zoology and director of the Royal Zoological Museum at Turin. Most of his insect collection is in the Turin Museum of Natural History. Duplicates are in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano and in Museo di storia naturale dell'Università di Pisa.

The slender-billed gull (Larus genei) was named after him.

Turin Museum of Natural History
The Turin Museum of Natural History  (Italian: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino or MRSN) was established in 1978 to house the natural history collections of the University of Turin and other collections of natural history, originated from specific research campaigns and donations. It is located at 36 Via Giolitti, Turin, in a 17th-century building which used to be the hospital of San Giovanni Battista, build by Amedeo di Castellamonte.

The museum has departments (sezioni) of zoology, entomology, botany, minerals, geology and paleontology. It also has a specialist library and an exhibition centre.
Bay Cycle Way
The Bay Cycle Way is an 80-mile (130 km) cycling route around Morecambe Bay in Lancashire and Cumbria in north west England. Most of it forms National Cycle Route 700 (NCN 700), while other sections are waymarked as NCN 6 (London to the Lake District), NCN 69 (Hest Bank to Cleethorpes) and NCN 70 (Walney to Sunderland).

It has been recommended by The Daily Telegraph ("20 amazing ways to enjoy the English seaside this summer"), the i newspaper ("20 best cycle routes in the UK: from coastal pathways to woodland rides") and the Touring Club Italiano ("Inghilterra, Scozia e Galles in bicicletta, le ciclabili più belle per una vacanza green").

Morecambe Bay
Morecambe Bay forms part of the Irish Sea, bordered by the English counties of Cumbria to the north and Lancashire to the east and south. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of 120 sq mi (310 km2). In 1974, the second largest gas field in the UK was discovered 25 mi (40 km) west of Blackpool, with original reserves of over 7 trillion cubic feet (tcf) (200 billion cubic metres). At its peak, 15% of Britain's gas supply came from the bay but production is now in decline. Morecambe Bay is also an important wildlife site, with abundant birdlife and varied marine habitats.
Free Internet Chess Server
The Free Internet Chess Server (FICS) is a volunteer-run online chess platform. When the original Internet Chess Server (ICS) was commercialized and rebranded as the Internet Chess Club (ICC) in 1995, a group of users and developers came together to fork the code and host an alternative committed to free access. A rivalry between ICC and FICS persisted for years.

Users download one of several graphical client programs, connect to the server via telnet, and can play chess or variants at a range of time controls. Games played on FICS are stored in a database, which has been used to train chess engines and to support academic studies.

FICS is based in the US, but the user base is international.

In addition to the games themselves, FICS offers chat rooms, pairing systems, analysis tools, and ratings. A relay system displays high-profile tournament games for users to see.

XBoard
XBoard is a graphical user interface chessboard for chess engines under the X Window System. It is developed and maintained as free software by the GNU project. WinBoard is a port of XBoard to run natively on Microsoft Windows.
José de Freitas Ribeiro
José de Freitas Ribeiro, ComTE, ComA (Parede, 23 May 1868 – 3 November 1929) was an official of the Portuguese Navy and a politician during the First Portuguese Republic era who, among other functions, was Minister for the Colonies in the Augusto de Vasconcelos Correia administration and Minister for the Navy in the Afonso Costa administration. Freitas Ribeiro was a member of the Constitutional Junta of 1915, which served as Prime Minister of Portugal for one day, from 14 May to 15 May 1915. He also served as acting Governor-General of Mozambique from November 1910 to May 1911 and as Governor-General of Portuguese India from 1917 to 1919.

Parede
Parede (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvilɐ ðɐ pɐˈɾeðɨ]) is a former civil parish in the municipality of Cascais, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Carcavelos e Parede. In 2001 its resident population was approximately 17,830 inhabitants, covering an area of 3.6 km2, west of Lisbon on the coast near the mouth of the Tagus estuary. Parede is a community between the larger towns of Oeiras and Cascais, in the district of Lisbon, along the Linha do Estoril railway line that follows the coast from Lisbon to Estoril and Cascais.
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in computer networking, is a link layer multiple access method in which carrier sensing is used. Under CSMA/CA, nodes attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to have no traffic. When they do transmit, nodes transmit frames in their entirety.

This technique is primarily used in wireless networks, where the alternative with collision detection CSMA/CD is not possible due to wireless transmitters that cannot effectively detect other transmissions while they themselves are transmitting.

CSMA/CA is unreliable due to the hidden node problem.

Link layer
In computer networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the group of methods and communications protocols confined to the link that a host is physically connected to. The link is the physical and logical network component used to interconnect hosts or nodes in the network, and a link protocol is a suite of methods and standards that operate only between adjacent network nodes of a network segment.

Despite the different semantics of layering between the Internet protocol suite and OSI model, the link layer is sometimes described as a combination of the OSI's data link layer (layer 2) and physical layer (layer 1).

The link layer is described in RFC 1122 and RFC 1123. RFC 1122 considers local area network protocols such as Ethernet and other IEEE 802 networks (e.g. Wi-Fi), and framing protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to belong to the link layer.
TNB-486
TNB-486 (also known as AZD0486) "is a novel CD19xCD3 bispecific T-cell engager (TCE) that incorporates a unique anti-CD3 moiety designed to reduce cytokine release syndrome by binding to T-cells with low affinity". The drug is developed for cancer by AstraZeneca since its acquisition of TeneoTwo in 2022.

CD3 (immunology)
CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) is a protein complex and T cell co-receptor that is involved in activating both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ naive T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells). It is composed of four distinct chains. In mammals, the complex contains a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, and two CD3ε chains. These chains associate with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the CD3-zeta (ζ-chain) to generate an activation signal in T lymphocytes. The TCR, CD3-zeta, and the other CD3 molecules together constitute the TCR complex.
Jonathan Levav
Jonathan Levav (born January 20, 1975) is a professor of marketing at the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB). He is a scholar in behavioral economics and consumer decision-making, with research focusing on how cognitive biases, emotions, and social influences shape individual and collective choices.

Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.

Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
1927 Birthday Honours
The 1927 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 3 June 1927.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Volunteer Officers' Decoration
The Volunteer Officers' Decoration, post-nominal letters VD, was instituted in 1892 as an award for long and meritorious service by officers of the United Kingdom's Volunteer Force. Award of the decoration was discontinued in the United Kingdom when it was superseded by the Territorial Decoration in 1908, but it continued to be awarded in some Crown Dependencies until 1930.

The grant of the decoration was extended in 1894 by the institution of a separate new decoration, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for India and the Colonies, that could be awarded to commissioned officers of all Volunteer Forces throughout the British Empire and India.
National Literature Prize for Narrative
The  National Literature Prize for Narrative (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Literatura en la modalidad de Narrativa) is a prize awarded by Spain's Ministry of Culture for a novel written by a Spanish author in any of the languages of Spain. The prize is 20,000 euros.

Prior to 1977, the prize appeared and disappeared several times, being given by different institutions.

Ministry of Culture (Spain)
The Ministry of Culture (MC) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the promotion, protection and dissemination of the Spanish historical heritage, national museums, art, books, reading and literary creation, of cinematographic and audiovisual activities and of national archives and libraries.

It is also responsible for the promotion and dissemination of culture in Spanish, as well as the promotion of cultural cooperation and, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, of international relations in the field of culture.

The MCD is headed by the Culture Minister, a Cabinet member who is appointed by the Monarch on advice of the Prime Minister. The minister is assisted by a Secretary of State and an Under-Secretary. The current minister of Culture is, since 21 November 2023, Ernest Urtasun.
19th Delaware General Assembly
The 19th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the state government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday of October and terms began on the first Tuesday in January. It met in Dover, convening January 6, 1795, two weeks before the beginning of the third year of the administration of Governor Joshua Clayton.

The apportionment of seats was permanently assigned to three senators and seven representatives for each of the three counties. Population of the county did not effect the number of delegates. Both chambers had a Federalist majority.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Fair Salinia
Fair Salinia (18 March 1975 – 31 March 2004) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for winning the classic Oaks Stakes in 1978. In a racing career which lasted from September 1977 until September 1978 she won four of her eight races. As a two-year-old in 1977 she won on her debut before finishing second in the Cheveley Park Stakes. As a three-year-old she finished second in the 1000 Guineas before being moved up in distance and winning the Oaks, Irish Oaks and Yorkshire Oaks. She was retired to stud at the end of the season and had some influence as a broodmare. She died in 2004 at the age of twenty-nine.

Cheveley Park Stakes
The Cheveley Park Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres) and is scheduled to take place each year in late September.
Athletics at the 1979 Pan American Games – Men's discus throw
The men's discus throw competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place at the Estadio Sixto Escobar. The defending Pan American Games champion was John Powell of the United States.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
Hassell National Park
Hassell National Park is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 367 kilometres (228 mi) southeast of Perth and 57 km (35 mi) north east of Albany.

It is named after John Hassell, a retired sea captain, who was responsible for opening up extensive areas in the south of the state during the 1850s as he extended his pastoral leases east from Frankland as far as Jerramungup.

The park straddles the South Coast Highway between Manypeaks and Wellstead.

The site is regarded as an important ecological area as a result of it being a largely intact vegetation and wildlife corridor that serves to link the Mount Manypeaks and Waychinicup areas with the Cheynes Beach and Pallinup areas.

The park has no entry fee and has no facilities provided for visitors.

A population of the very rare Brown's banksia, composed of 100 to 200 plants, can be found within the confines of the park.

Frankland River, Western Australia
Frankland River is a small town and locality in the Shire of Cranbrook, Great Southern region of Western Australia. The town is situated approximately 332.7 km (206.7 mi) from the state's capital, Perth, approximately 120 km (75 mi) north west of Albany, 83 km (52 mi) southwest of Kojonup, 19 km (12 mi) north of Rocky Gully and 90 km (56 mi) east of Manjimup. Frankland derives its name from its location 6 km east of the Frankland River. At the 2006 census, Frankland had a population of 380.
Robert O. Ballou
Robert Oleson Ballou (1892 – 1977) was an American publisher and author.

He was a literary editor for the Chicago Daily News in the late 1920s and then became editor of the American office of the publisher Cape and Smith. He accepted John Steinbeck's manuscript of The Pastures of Heaven but Cape and Smith soon went bankrupt and Ballou moved to Brewer, Warren and Putnam, who published The Pastures of Heaven in 1932.

Ballou founded his own publishing company after being disappointed with the lack of success of Brewer, Warren and Putnam, and Steinbeck's 1933 novel To a God Unknown was published by Ballou. He nearly went bankrupt during the Great Depression and was disappointed with the sales of Steinbeck's novel. He decided not to publish Steinbeck's next novel, In Dubious Battle, and handed over the rights to the book to Pascal Covici of the publisher Covici–Friede.

To a God Unknown
To a God Unknown is a novel by John Steinbeck, first published in 1933. The book was Steinbeck's second novel (after Cup of Gold). Steinbeck found To a God Unknown extremely difficult to write; taking him roughly five years to complete, the novel proved more time-consuming than either East of Eden or The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck's longest novels.