hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clarisse Rasoarizay
Clarisse Rasoarizay (born September 27, 1971) is a female long-distance runner from Madagascar, who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. She won the women's marathon at the 2003 All-Africa Games in Abuja, Nigeria and the 1997 Jeux de la Francophonie.

2003 All-Africa Games
The 8th All Africa Games, also known as Abuja 2003, were held from 5–17 October 2003 in Abuja, Nigeria. 53 countries participated in 23 sports. The main venue was the newly constructed Abuja Stadium. The organizing committee was headed by Nigerian Amos Adamu.
D'Alembert operator
In special relativity, electromagnetism and wave theory, the d'Alembert operator (denoted by a box: ), also called the d'Alembertian, wave operator, box operator or sometimes quabla operator (cf. nabla symbol) is the Laplace operator of Minkowski space. The operator is named after French mathematician and physicist Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

In Minkowski space, in standard coordinates (t, x, y, z), it has the form

Here   is the 3-dimensional Laplacian and ημν  is the inverse Minkowski metric with

, ,  for .

Note that the μ and ν summation indices range from 0 to 3: see Einstein notation.

(Some authors  alternatively use the negative metric signature of (− + + +), with .)

Lorentz transformations leave the Minkowski metric invariant, so the d'Alembertian yields a Lorentz scalar. The above coordinate expressions remain valid for the standard coordinates in every inertial frame.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Beyuleh
Beyuleh (Persian: بيوله, Sorani Kurdish: بیوولە، also Romanized as Beyūleh) is a village in Sharwineh Rural District, Kalashi District, Javanrud County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 434, in 95 families.

Central Kurdish
Central Kurdish, also known as Sorani Kurdish, is a Kurdish language variety spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the Iranian provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan. Central Kurdish is one of the two official languages of Iraq, along with Arabic, and is in administrative documents simply referred to as "Kurdish".

The term Sorani, named after the Soran Emirate, refers to a variety of Central Kurdish based on the dialect spoken in Slemani. Central Kurdish is written in the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet, an adaptation of the Arabic script developed in the 1920s by Sa'ed Sidqi Kaban and Taufiq Wahby.
Islam in Afghanistan
Sunni Islam, mainly the Hanafi school, is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Islam in Afghanistan began to be practiced after the Arab Islamic conquest of Afghanistan from the 7th to the 10th centuries, with the last holdouts to conversion submitting in the late 19th century. It was generally accepted by local communities as a replacement of Buddhism and Zoroastrianism, local tribes began converting to the new religion. Islam is the official state religion of Afghanistan, with approximately 99.7% of the Afghan population being Muslim. Roughly 85% practice Sunni Islam, while around 10% are Shias. Most Shias belong to the Twelver branch and only a smaller number follow Ismailism.

After the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, the Muslim Arabs then began to move towards the lands east of Persia and in 652 captured Herat. By the end of the 10th century CE the Turkic Ghaznavids subdued Kabul Shahi kings.

Mujahideen
Mujahideen or mujahidin (Arabic: مُجَاهِدِين, romanized: mujāhidīn), is the plural form of mujahid (Arabic: مُجَاهِد, romanized: mujāhid, lit. 'strugglers or strivers, doers of jihād'), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in jihad (lit. 'struggle or striving [for justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc.]'), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (ummah).

The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries.
1911 Mudgee state by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Mudgee on 16 August 1911 because of the resignation of Labor Party member Bill Dunn because he disagreed with legislation introduced by the Labor Secretary for Lands Niels Nielsen. Labor reversed its policy and Dunn stood for re-election as the Labor candidate.

Electoral district of Mudgee
Mudgee was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales first created in 1859, partly replacing Wellington and Bligh and named after and including the town of Mudgee. Following the abolition of Goldfields West in 1880, it elected three members simultaneously, with voters casting three votes and the three leading candidates being elected. In 1894 it was divided into the single-member electorates of Mudgee and Rylstone. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation it was absorbed into Wammerawa, along with Castlereagh and Liverpool Plains. Mudgee was recreated as an electoral district for the 1927 election. It was abolished in 1968 and replaced by Burrendong.
Jim Bob Altizer
Jim Bob Altizer (May 5, 1932 – December 12, 1997) was an American professional rodeo cowboy who specialized in calf and steer roping. He competed in the Rodeo Cowboys Association (RCA), and won the RCA calf roping world championship in 1959 and the RCA steer roping world championship in 1967.

Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
The Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) is the largest rodeo organization in the world. It sanctions events in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, with members from said countries, as well as others. Its championship event is the National Finals Rodeo (NFR). The PRCA is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.
Deoxyguanosine monophosphate
Deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP), also known as deoxyguanylic acid or deoxyguanylate in its conjugate acid and conjugate base forms, respectively, is a derivative of the common nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP), in which the –OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the ribose has been reduced to just a hydrogen atom (hence the "deoxy-" part of the name).  It is used as a monomer in DNA.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Atlantic Canadian English
Atlantic Canadian English is a class of Canadian English dialects spoken in Atlantic Canada that is notably distinct from Standard Canadian English. It is composed of Maritime English (or Maritimer English) and Newfoundland English. It was mostly influenced by British and Irish English, Irish and Scottish Gaelic, and some Acadian French. Atlantic Canada is the easternmost region of Canada, comprising four provinces located on the Atlantic coast: Newfoundland and Labrador, plus the three Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

Areas like Miramichi and Cape Breton feature a diverse array of unique phrases and vocabulary that are rarely heard outside their regions. Additionally, the English accent exhibits considerable variation across different population centres.

English-language vowel changes before historic /r/
In English, many vowel shifts affect only vowels followed by /r/ in rhotic dialects, or vowels that were historically followed by /r/ that has been elided in non-rhotic dialects. Most of them involve the merging of vowel distinctions, so fewer vowel phonemes occur before /r/ than in other positions of a word.
Detention of Patrick Zaki
Patrick George Zaki is a Coptic Egyptian who was a postgraduate student at the University of Bologna, Italy, when he was detained in Egypt from 7 February 2020 until 9 December 2021. Zaki was pursuing an Erasmus Mundus Master’s Degree in Women and Gender Studies at the University of Bologna. He also has conducted research and advocacy on gender issues and human rights for the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), a human rights organization based in Cairo.

On 9 December 2021, Zaki was released from prison, although the charges against him were not dropped. Zaki was eventually sentenced to three years in prison on 18 July 2023, but was pardoned by Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and released the following day.

Advocacy
Advocacy is the set of activities by individuals or groups intended to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. It encompasses tactics ranging from grassroots organizing and media campaigns to lobbying, strategic litigation, and coalition-building, and aims to change laws, budgets, institutional practices, and public opinion. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes, including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on a specific issue or specific piece of legislation. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.
Mátraszentimre
Mátraszentimre (Slovak: Alkár) is a village in Heves County, Hungary, in the Mátra mountain range, between the Darázs, Teréz and Nagy-Átal-kő mountains. The Galya-tető peak is inside of the village territory, east from the center. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 455 (see Demographics). The village located 17.5 km from (Nr. 81) Hatvan–Fiľakovo railway line, 21.9 km from the main road 21 and 38.0 km from the M3 motorway. The Mátraszőlős-Hasznos railway stop is the closest on the Hatvan–Fiľakovo railway line, and 7.8 km from the village is the Szalajkaház terminus of the Mátravasút, which is a narrow-gauge railway to Gyöngyös for tourist.

M3 motorway (Hungary)
The M3 motorway (Hungarian: M3-as autópálya) is a Hungarian motorway connecting Budapest to Nyíregyháza. It will eventually connect Budapest to the Ukrainian border. Two other motorways branch off it, the M30 (connecting the M3 to Miskolc) and the M35 (connecting the M3 to Debrecen). The M3 follows route 3, and, later, route 4. The section of the motorway between Görbeháza and Nyíregyháza was opened to traffic in August 2007. The section of the motorway between Highway 49 and Vásárosnamény was opened to the public in 2014. The total length of the motorway now is 281 km.
Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana
The Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana took place during the War of Mexican Independence on 12 July 1811 in the area around Cuauhtémoc, Colima known as Llanos de Santa Juana. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire. The Mexican insurgents were commanded by General José Calixto Martínez y Moreno and the Spanish by Colonel Manuel del Río. The battle resulted in a victory for the Spanish royalists.

Royalist (Spanish American independence)
The royalists were the people of Hispanic America (mostly from native and indigenous peoples) and Europeans that fought to preserve the integrity of the Spanish monarchy  during the Spanish American wars of independence.

In the early years of the conflict, when King Ferdinand VII was captive in France, royalists supported the authority in the Americas of the Supreme Central Junta of Spain and the Indies and the Cortes of Cádiz that ruled in the King's name during the Peninsular War. During the Trienio Liberal in 1820, after the restoration of Ferdinand VII in 1814, the royalists were split between Absolutists, those that supported his insistence to rule under traditional law, and liberals, who sought to reinstate the reforms enacted by the Cortes of Cádiz.
National Comics (series)
National Comics was an anthology comic book series published by Quality Comics, from July 1940 until November 1949. It ran for 75 issues.

National Comics #1 introduced Will Eisner's Uncle Sam, a superhero version of the national personification of the United States. Other running features in the title included Wonder Boy, The Barker, and Quicksilver (later revamped by DC Comics as Max Mercury). In addition to Eisner, other comic artists and writers who contributed to National Comics included Jack Cole, Lou Fine, and Reed Crandall.

National Comics #18 (December 1941), which hit the stands in November 1941, notably depicted an "Oriental" attack on Pearl Harbor, a month before the actual Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base.

Max Mercury
Max Mercury (Maxwell Crandall), also known as Windrunner, Whip Whirlwind, and Lightning, is a DC Comics superhero similar to Quality Comics' Quicksilver. Initially an obscure speedster, the character was rebooted by Mark Waid in 1993 in the pages of The Flash and made a mentor to Wally West and Bart Allen.

Max Mercury appears in the television series The Flash, portrayed by Trevor Carroll.
Miss Grand Argentina 2025
Miss Grand Argentina 2025 was the first edition of the Miss Grand Argentina pageant, held on 27 August 2025 at the Teatro Ateneo Cecilia Bernasconi in Buenos Aires. Twelve contestants from different provinces and departments of the country competed for the title.

The contest was won by a 22-year-old Elena Mateo, representing the Tucumán Province. Mateo will later represent the country on the parent stage of Miss Grand International 2025, which will take place in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

The pageant was organized under the directorship of an entrepreneur, Malena Gonzalez, who is also the director of Miss Supranational for Argentina.

Miss and Mister Supranational
Miss Supranational is an annual international beauty pageant, started in 2009, and with most contests held in Poland. A parallel male contest, Mister Supranational, was launched in 2016, also in Poland.

The current organizers of Miss and Mister Supranational are World Beauty Association S.A. and Nowa Scena.

The current pageant title holders are Eduarda Braum of Brazil and Swann Lavigne of France,  who were elected on June 27 and June 28, 2025, separately, in Nowy Sącz.
Libertex
Libertex is an online brokerage platform operated by Indication Investments Ltd, a Cyprus-based financial services company. The platform provides access to trading in contracts for difference (CFDs), foreign exchange, stocks, and other financial instruments. Indication Investments Ltd is licensed by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission under license number 164/12.

Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission
The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC; Greek: Επιτροπή Κεφαλαιαγοράς) is the financial regulatory agency of Cyprus. As an EU member state, CySEC's financial regulations and operations comply with the European MiFID financial harmonization law.

A significant number of overseas retail forex brokers have obtained registration from CySEC. Before 2018, CySEC had been a regulator of choice for many binary options brokers.

Whereas it is governed under a national framework of accountability, the CySEC increasingly implements policies set at the European Union level. It is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).
4D-RCS Reference Model Architecture
The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture is a reference model for military unmanned vehicles on how their software components should be identified and organized.

The 4D/RCS has been developed by the Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) since the 1980s.

This reference model is based on the general Real-time Control System (RCS) Reference Model Architecture, and has been applied to many kinds of robot control, including autonomous vehicle control.

Reference model
A reference model—in systems, enterprise, and software engineering—is an abstract framework or domain-specific ontology consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts to encourage clear communication.  A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions to system components, as long as it represents a complete set.  This frame of reference can then be used to communicate ideas clearly among members of the same community.

Reference models are often illustrated as a set of concepts with some indication of the relationships between the concepts.
Romantic art
Romanticism in the visual arts, originating in the 1760s, marked a shift towards depicting wild landscapes and dramatic scenes, reflecting a departure from classical artistic norms. This movement emphasized the sublime beauty of nature, the intensity of human emotions, and the glorification of the past, often through the lens of national identity and historical events.

Romantic art spread across Europe, gradually influencing various forms of artistic expression, and later resonated in America where artists incorporated these themes into portrayals of the unique American landscape. Its influence eventually spread globally, shaping various art forms and inspiring artists to express a more profound, emotional response to the natural world and societal changes. Romantic art highlighted the power of the individual perspective and the universal human experience, resonating across different cultures and leading to lasting impacts on artistic expression worldwide.

John Martin (painter)
John Martin (19 July 1789 – 17 February 1854) was an English Romanticist painter, engraver, and illustrator. He was known for his typically vast and dramatic paintings of religious subjects and fantastic compositions, populated with minute figures placed in imposing landscapes. Martin's paintings, and the prints made from them, enjoyed great success with the general public, with Thomas Lawrence referring to him as "the most popular painter of his day". He was also criticised by John Ruskin and other critics.
Tomb C.7
The Theban
Tomb C.7 is an ancient Egyptian tomb in Thebes, Upper Egypt. It is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Horimose (Harmosi), who was the Head custodian of the treasury in the King's Mansion on the West of Thebes (the Ramesseum). Horimose, his wife Mutemwia, and a son named Kaemwaset are named in scenes in the Hall of the tomb. One of the scenes shows a row of kings including: Horemheb, Amenhotep III, Thutmosis IV, Amenhotep II, Thutmosis III, Thutmosis II and Thutmosis I.

Amenhotep II
Amenhotep II (also called Amenophis II and meaning "Amun is Satisfied") was the seventh pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He inherited a vast kingdom from his father Thutmose III, and held it by means of a few military campaigns in Syria; however, he fought much less than his father, and his reign saw the effective cessation of hostilities between Egypt and Mitanni, the major kingdoms vying for power in Syria. His reign is usually dated from 1427 to 1401 BC. His consort was Tiaa, who was barred from any prestige until Amenhotep's son, Thutmose IV, came into power.
Hôtel de Chevreuse (rue Saint-Thomas-du-Louvre)
The Hôtel de Chevreuse (French pronunciation: [otɛl də ʃəvʁøz]; later Hôtel d'Épernon [otɛl depɛʁnɔ̃], then Hôtel de Longueville [otɛl də lɔ̃ɡvil]) was an aristocratic townhouse (hôtel particulier), built in 1622 and located on the west side of the Rue Saint-Thomas-du-Louvre on a site now part of the Cour Napoléon on the west side of the Louvre in Paris, France. The hôtel was destroyed in 1834.

Hôtel particulier
Hôtel particulier (French: [otɛl paʁtikylje] ⓘ) is the French term for a grand urban mansion, comparable to a British townhouse. Whereas an ordinary maison (house) was built as part of a row, sharing party walls with the houses on either side and directly fronting on a street, an hôtel particulier was often free-standing and, by the 18th century, would always be located entre cour et jardin – between the cour d'honneur (an entrance court) and the garden behind. There are hôtels particuliers in many large cities in France.
Larry Griffin
Larry Griffin (September 23, 1954 – June 21, 1995) was sentenced to death for the murder of 19-year-old Quintin Moss in St. Louis, Missouri on the afternoon of June 26, 1980. Moss was killed in a drive-by shooting while allegedly dealing drugs on a street corner. Griffin killed Moss since he was the prime suspect in the murder of his brother. Griffin shot and wounded another man, Robert Campbell, during a previous murder attempt against Moss, and a second man, Robert Campbell, during his second and successful attempt. He also pleaded guilty to the murder of another man named Sylvester Crawford.

Drive-by shooting
A drive-by shooting is a type of assault that usually involves the perpetrator(s) firing a weapon from within a motor vehicle and then fleeing. Drive-by shootings allow the perpetrators to quickly strike their targets and flee the scene before law enforcement is able to respond. A drive-by shooting's prerequisites include access to a vehicle and a gun. The protection, anonymity, sense of power, and ease of escape provided by the getaway vehicle lead some perpetrators to feel safe expressing their hostility toward others.
1990 Greenwich London Borough Council election
The 1990 Greenwich Council election took place on 3 May 1990 to elect members of Greenwich London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.

Greenwich London Borough Council
Greenwich London Borough Council, also known as Greenwich Council or the Council of the Royal Borough of Greenwich, is the local authority for the Royal Borough of Greenwich in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 1971. It meets at Woolwich Town Hall and has its main offices at the Woolwich Centre opposite.
Tae-woo
Tae-woo is a Korean given name.

People with this name include:

Jung Tae-woo (born 1982), South Korean actor

Kim Tae-Woo (wrestler) (born 1962), South Korean freestyle wrestler

Kim Tae-woo (actor) (born 1971), South Korean actor

Kim Tae-woo (singer) (born 1981), South Korean singer

Lee Tae-Woo (born 1984), South Korean football player

Roh Tae-woo (1932–2021), sixth president of South Korea (1988–1993)

Kim Tae-woo (wrestler)
Kim Tae-Woo (Korean: 김태우; Hanja: 金泰雨; born March 7, 1962, in Gimje, North Jeolla Province) is a retired South Korean freestyle wrestler, four-time Olympian and Olympic Bronze  Medalist. Kim represented South Korea for 15 years in freestyle wrestling and is considered the greatest South Korean heavyweight wrestler of all time.