hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menegazzia cincinnata
Menegazzia cincinnata is a species of foliose lichen from southern South America. It was first scientifically described by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius as Parmelia cincinnata. Friedrich August Georg Bitter transferred it to the genus Menegazzia in 1901.

Menegazzia cincinnata is quite similar in morphology to Menegazzia valdiviensis, but the two species can be distinguished from each other by a combination of ascospore length and the presence or absence of thamnolic acid in the medulla.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Income Tax Air Intelligence Unit
The  Income Tax Air Intelligence Unit is a law enforcement agency, under the Ministry of Finance responsible for handling tax evasion and cross-border illegal trade in India in airports in consultation with the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs and the CISF. It functions under the Zonal Deputy Director (Investigation) Income Tax under the superintendence of the Principal Director of Income Tax (Investigation). The agency functions under the rules prescribed by its parent organisation to handle any intimidation in course of their new duty of checking and gathering intelligence on tax evasion in airports.

Ministry of Finance (India)
The Ministry of Finance (IAST: Vitta Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, banking service, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.

The Ministry of Finance is the apex controlling authority of four central civil services namely Indian Revenue Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Indian Economic Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. It is also the apex controlling authority of one of the central commerce services namely Indian Cost and Management Accounts Service.
Çayboyu Mound
Çayboyu Mound was a mound located 750 meters east of Muratcik Village (formerly Aşvan) in Elazığ Province, Turkey, before the Keban Dam was built. The hill measures 100 x 80 meters and is 3 meters high. However, due to erosion, irrigation channels and the destruction caused by the stream flowing from the east of the hill, it does not give the true size.

Muratçık, Elâzığ
Muratçık is a village in the Elazığ District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 354 (2021).

It was formerly known as Aşvan. In its vicinity was the archaeological mound of Asvan Kale that was later covered by the Keban Dam lake.
2010 Qatar Open
The 2010 Qatar Open, known as the 2010 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th edition of the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2010 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis Complex in Doha, Qatar, from 4 January through 9 January 2010. Third-seeded Nikolay Davydenko won the singles title.

Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex
The Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex is a tennis and squash complex in Doha, Qatar. The center is owned and operated by the Qatar Tennis Federation. It is the home venue of the ATP World Tour's Qatar ExxonMobil Open and WTA event Qatar Total Open. It formerly hosted the year-ending WTA Tour Championships in 2008–2010. It has also hosted the tennis and squash competitions at the 2006 Asian Games, as well as Padel World Championship in 2021 and 2024.
Natalia del mar
Natalia del mar (English: Natalie of the Sea) is a Venezuelan telenovela created by Alberto Gómez for Venevisión in 2011. The series stars Sabrina Salvador and Manuel Sosa as the main protagonists, and Víctor Cámara, Fedra López, Rosalinda Serfaty, and Juliet Lima as the main antagonists.

The show premiered on Venevisión on June 28, 2011, at 2:00 pm.

Adrián Delgado
Adrián Antonio Delgado (born 14 May 1977) In Caracas to Antonio and Yaneida Delgado is a Venezuelan television actor. His stage name is a combination of his parents family names. Delgado has two sisters, one elder and one younger.
The Friend (2024 film)
The Friend is a 2024 American drama film written and directed by Scott McGehee and David Siegel. Based on the 2018 novel by Sigrid Nunez, it stars Naomi Watts, Bill Murray, Sarah Pidgeon, Carla Gugino, Constance Wu, and Ann Dowd.

It had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival and screened in the Gala section at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically on March 28, 2025 by Bleecker Street.

2024 Toronto International Film Festival
The 49th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from September 5–15, 2024.

The festival opened with David Gordon Green's film Nutcrackers, and closed with Rebel Wilson's directorial debut film The Deb.
USCGC Fir (WLB-213)
USCGC Fir (WLB-213) is a Juniper-class cutter of the United States Coast Guard. USCGC Fir is under the Operational Control (OPCON) of the Commander of the Seventeenth Coast Guard District and is homeported in Cordova, Alaska. Fir's primary mission is to service and maintain 132 aids to navigation around the Gulf of Alaska. The buoys USCGC Fir maintains are essential to commercial vessel traffic in major shipping ports of the Prince William Sound such as Valdez, Cordova, as well as across the Gulf of Alaska in Yakutat. USCGC Fir conducts heavy lift aids to navigation operations, law enforcement and other missions as directed.

Valdez, Alaska
Valdez (/vælˈdiːz/ val-DEEZ; Alutiiq: Suacit) is a city in the Chugach Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. In 2020, the population of Valdez was 3,985, up slightly from 3,976 in 2010. It is the third most populated city in Alaska's Unorganized Borough.

Valdez was named in 1790 after the Spanish Navy Minister Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán. A former Gold Rush town, it is located at the head of Port Valdez on the eastern side of Prince William Sound. Valdez was incorporated in 1901, and flourished after the road link to Fairbanks was constructed in 1910. It suffered catastrophic damage during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, and is located near the site of the disastrous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill. Today, it is one of the most important ports in Alaska, a commercial fishing port as well as a freight terminal. Valdez is the terminus for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.
Electoral district of Kenwick
Kenwick was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1989 to 1996 and again from 2005 to 2008.

Both incarnations of the district were based in the south-eastern suburbs of Perth and were safe for the Labor Party.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Azpi Gorri
The Azpi Gorri is a traditional Basque breed of domestic goat. It originates in the historical Basque Country, and is the only recognised goat breed of that area.: 360 : 171  It is distributed in the northern part of the province of Álava and in southern Bizkaia, with a few herds in the autonomous community of Navarre.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Turnagain River
The Turnagain River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a tributary of the Kechika River.

It was named the Turn-Again River by Samuel Black of the Hudson's Bay Company, who in 1824 journeyed to the river before turning back. It was also known as Black River and Little Muddy River before its current name was adopted on 1 June 1937. Its name in the Kaska language is Gacho.

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) operated a trading post (also known as Lower Post) on the river from 1888 to 1892, when the HBC sold off all its interests in the Cassiar District. It reacquired the post in summer 1897, but shut it down again two years later due to poor returns and the re-establishment of Fort Nelson.

Fort Nelson, British Columbia
Fort Nelson is a community in northeast British Columbia, Canada, within the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality (NRRM). It held town status prior to 6 February 2009, when it amalgamated with the former Northern Rockies Regional District to form the NRRM, becoming its administrative centre. The NRRM is the first regional municipality in the province.

The community lies east of the northern Rocky Mountains in the Peace River region along the Alaska Highway at Mile 300. The town is approximately a four hour drive from the nearest urban centre, Fort St. John, but could potentially take six hours under winter driving conditions. The Alaska Highway both north and south of Fort Nelson is most often very well plowed in the winter and offers scenic views year round.

According to the 2021 Canadian Census, the population was 2,611, a drop of 22.5% from the 2016 census.
R549 road (Ireland)
The R549 road is a regional road on the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. It travels from the R559 road at Murreagh (Irish: An Mhuiríoch), north to Ballydavid Head before turning south to rejoin the R559 at Dingle. The road is 19.1 kilometres (11.9 mi) long.

Dingle
Dingle (Irish: An Daingean or Daingean Uí Chúis, meaning "fort of Ó Cúis") is a town in County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The only town on the Dingle Peninsula (known in Irish as Corca Dhuibhne), it sits on the Atlantic coast, about 50 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of Tralee and 71 kilometres (40 mi) northwest of Killarney. Principal industries in the town are tourism, fishing and agriculture: Dingle Mart (livestock market) serves the surrounding countryside. The town is located in the Barony of Corkaguiny (the name 'Corkaguiny' being the anglicised version of Corca Dhuibhne).

In 2022, Dingle had a population of 1,671, a decrease from the 2016 census, and the oldest average age for a town in Ireland (44.4 years). Situated in a Gaeltacht region, 13.7% of the population spoke Irish on a daily basis in 2016. An adult Bottlenose dolphin named Fungie had been courting human contact in Dingle Bay since 1983 but disappeared in 2020.
Aguano language
Aguano is the extinct language of the Aguano people of Peru. Loukotka (1968) identified it with Chamicuro, but Chamicuro speakers say that the Aguano people spoke Quechua (Wise 1987).
However, Steward (1946) notes that the Aguano had adopted Quechua soon after the Conquest and that their original language is unclassified.
More recently, Campbell & Grondona (2012) leave Aguano unclassified due to lack of attestation. According to Glottolog, the language is Arawakan.

Aguano
The Aguano (also Awano, Ahuano, Hilaca, Uguano, Aguanu, Santacrucino, Tibilo) are a people of Peru. In 1959, they consisted of 40 families.  They inhabit the lower Huallaga and upper Samiria Rivers, and the right bank tributary of the Marañon River.

Today they farm and have largely converted to Roman Catholicism.
Parnay, Maine-et-Loire
Parnay (French pronunciation: [paʁnɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. It is known for its 11th-Century church. Parnay is one of the nine communes that is in the AOC Saumur-Champigny and fruit Red Wine made from Cabernet Franc.

The Greenwich Prime Meridian passes through Parnay, as does its satellite-calculated successor, the IERS Reference Meridian, which runs about 100 metres to the east of it.

Another way of putting this is to say that Parnay lies due south of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in England.

IERS Reference Meridian
The IERS Reference Meridian (IRM), also called the International Reference Meridian, is the prime meridian (0° longitude) maintained by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). It passes about 5.3 arcseconds east of George Biddell Airy's 1851 transit circle, and thus it differs slightly from the historical Greenwich Meridian. At the latitude of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the difference is 102 metres (335 ft).

It is the reference meridian of the Global Positioning System (GPS) operated by the United States Space Force, and of WGS 84 and its two formal versions, the ideal International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) and its realization, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
Sana Malik
Sana Malik (born 1986) is an Indian politician, architect, and lawyer. She currently serves as the Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from the Anushakti Nagar Assembly constituency, representing the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). She is the daughter of senior NCP leader and former Maharashtra Cabinet Minister Nawab Malik.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Certified penetration testing engineer
Certified Penetration Testing Engineer (C)PTE) is an internationally recognized cyber security certification administered by the United States–based information security company Mile2. The accreditation maps to the Committee on National Security Systems' 4013 education certification. The C)PTE certification is considered one of five core cyber security certifications.

Committee on National Security Systems
The Committee on National Security Systems (CNSS) is a United States intergovernmental organization that sets policies for the security of the US security systems. The CIA triad (data confidentiality, data integrity, and data availability) are the three main security goals of CNSS.
Adesuwa
Adesuwa (A Wasted Lust) is a 2012 Nigerian historical fiction film produced and directed by Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen. It stars Olu Jacobs, Bob-Manuel Udokwu, and Kofi Adjorlolo. The film was scheduled to be released in theatres across Nigeria on 4 May 2012, but due to an ownership rift between the director and executive producer, it was released on DVD. The film was shot in Benin City, Edo State.

It received 10 nominations at the 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards, and won the awards for Achievement in Costume Design, Achievement in Visual effects, and Best Nigerian film.

8th Africa Movie Academy Awards
The 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards ceremony was held on 22 April 2012 at the Expo Centre, Eko Hotel & Suites in Lagos, Nigeria to honor the best African films of 2011. The nominees were announced on 17 March 2012 at the Kairaba Beach Hotel in Banjul, Gambia at an event that was attended by celebrities and top government officials from Gambia and other African countries.
Diocese of Aquino e Pontecorvo
The Diocese of Aquino e Pontecorvo (Latin: Dioecesis Aquinatensis et Pontiscurvi) was a Roman Catholic diocese in Italy, located in the city of Aquino in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region. In 1818, it was suppressed to the Diocese of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo.

Aquino, Italy
Aquino (Italian pronunciation: [aˈkwi.no]) is a town and comune in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region of Italy, 12 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Cassino.

The name comes from the Latin Aquinum, probably from aqua, meaning "water" as witnessed by the abundance of water that still crosses the territory today, including many small springs.
Jack Kiser (American football coach)
Jack Dale Kiser (born February 4, 1949) is an American former football coach.  He was the 16th head football coach at Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas, serving for four seasons, from 1996 to 1999, and compiling a record of 21–20.

Abilene Christian University
Abilene Christian University (ACU) is a private Christian research university in Abilene, Texas, United States. It is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as an R2 (High Research Spending and Doctorate Production) institution. It was founded in 1906 as Childers Classical Institute. It is affiliated with Churches of Christ.
Vukovar Hospital
The "Dr Juraj Njavro" National Memorial Hospital (Croatian: Nacionalna memorijalna bolnica „dr. Juraj Njavro” Vukovar), commonly known as the Vukovar Hospital (Croatian: Vukovarska bolnica, Serbian Cyrillic: Вуковарска болница), is a public hospital in Vukovar in eastern Croatia. It is the primary hospital in the town of Vukovar and surrounding municipalities which together with hospitals in Vinkovci and Osijek covers the region of eastern Slavonia.

The hospital gained national prominence in 1991 during and at the end of the Battle of Vukovar when 93 of its patients became victims of the Vukovar massacre. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia convicted  on a war crimes indictment Veselin Šljivančanin and Mile Mrkšić in Vukovar Hospital case while Miroslav Radić was released after being acquitted.

Vesna Bosanac (1949–2022) was the director of the hospital during the war, and later after the peaceful reintegration following the Erdut Agreement.

Mile Mrkšić
Mile Mrkšić (Serbian Cyrillic: Миле Мркшић; 1 May 1947 – 16 August 2015) was a colonel of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in charge of the unit involved in the Battle of Vukovar during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. He was convicted for not preventing the mass killing of  264 Croats that followed the fall of Vukovar, and sentenced to 20 years.
Goski-Wąsosze
Goski-Wąsosze [ˈɡɔski vɔ̃ˈsɔʂɛ] (until 2010 known as Gąski-Wąsosze) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzynowłoga Mała, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

Gmina Krzynowłoga Mała
Gmina Krzynowłoga Mała is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Krzynowłoga Mała, which lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-west of Przasnysz and 104 km (64 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 184.4 square kilometres (71.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,535 (3,599 in 2013).
Manu Airport
Manu Airport (ICAO: SPNU) is an airstrip serving the village of Boca Manu and the Manu National Park in the Department of Madre de Dios of Peru. The grass runway is on the opposite side of the Madre de Dios River, 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) southwest of the village, which is near the confluence of the Madre de Dios and Manu Rivers.

Manu River
The Manu is a river in southeastern Peru.  It runs down the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains into the Amazon Basin. It runs through what is now protected as the Manu National Park, a vast Biosphere Reserve, home to arguably the highest concentration of biodiversity on Earth. Few people live along its length. Much of the park is off-limits to all but permitted scientists and the indigenous groups of Amazonian Indians, mostly of the Machiguenga tribe.

The Manu is a tributary to the 1,347 km long Madre de Dios River, which downriver joins the Madeira River, and ultimately the Amazon River. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this area of what was organized as the Madre de Dios region was exploited for the production of rubber during the rubber boom, with workers brought in by Brazilian, Bolivian and Peruvian interests.
Elvira Akhmet
Elvira Akhmet (born 2 May 1994) is a Kazakhstani handball player who plays for the Almaty Region Handball Club and the Kazakhstani national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

2015 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2015 IHF World Women's Handball Championship, the 22nd event hosted by the International Handball Federation, was held in Denmark. The decision to select Denmark as the host was announced on 27 January 2011.

In the final Norway won 31–23 against the Netherlands to gain their third title. Romania won bronze after they defeated Poland 31–22.
Diego Casanova
Diego Casanova (born 1980) is an Argentine serial killer who murdered six people between  2004 and 2016. Casanova is known as The Prisoner Killer as he murdered five inmates while imprisoned. Additionally, he participated in sixty-seven fights and several riots in prison. Experts describe Casanova as an extremely dangerous prisoner with psychopathic behavior, and one of the cruelest serial killers in Argentine history.

Combat
Combat is a purposeful violent conflict between multiple combatants with the intent to harm the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed (not using weapons). Combat is resorted to either as a method of self-defense or to impose one's will upon others. An instance of combat can be a standalone confrontation or part of a wider conflict, and its scale can range from a fight between individuals to a war between organized groups. Combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat.

Combat may comply with, or be in violation of, local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry Rules (covering boxing), and the individual rulesets of various combat sports.
Xiechi Lake
Xiechi Lake (Chinese: 解池), also called Yuncheng yanchi (Yuncheng Salt Lake) is the largest natural lake in Shanxi in Northern China. It is a saline lake
used for production of salt.

In the summertime intense light and heat cause the algae Dunaliella salina to produce carotenoids as a protection against free radicals, due in turn to high metabolism. This turns the salt pans brilliant shades of violet, scarlet, magenta, and emerald (see photo in reference).

North China
North China (Chinese: 华北) is a geographical region of the People's Republic of China, consisting of five provincial-level administrative divisions, namely the direct-administered municipalities Beijing and Tianjin, the provinces Hebei and Shanxi, and the autonomous region Inner Mongolia (although the four prefectures east of the Greater Khingan Range are sometimes regarded as parts of Northeast China).

Part of the larger region of Northern China (Beifang), it lies north of the Qinling–Huaihe Line, with its heartland in the North China Plain. Most inhabitants here speak variants of Northern Chinese languages such as Mandarin, which includes the  Beijing dialect and its cousin variants. The Beijing dialect is largely the basis of Standard Chinese (or Standard Mandarin), the official language of the People's Republic of China. Jin Chinese and Mongolian are also widely spoken due to the political and cultural history of the area.