hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pedococcus ginsenosidimutans
Pedococcus ginsenosidimutans is a species of Gram positive, strictly aerobic, non-endosporeforming bacterium. The species was initially isolated from soil from a ginseng field from Paektu Mountain, Jinlin District, China. The species was first described in 2016, and its name refers to the species ability to convert ginsenoside.

The optimum growth temperature for P. ginsenosidimutans is 30 °C and can grow in the 10-37 °C range.  The optimum pH is 6.5-7.5, and can grow in pH 5.0-10.

Jinlin District
Jinlin District (Chinese: 金林区; pinyin: Jīnlín Qū) is one of four districts of the prefecture-level city of Yichun, Heilongjiang, China. It was established by merging the former Jinshantun District and Xilin District approved by the Chinese State Council in 2019. Its administrative centre is at Fendou Subdistrict (奋斗街道).
Gorla (Milan Metro)
Gorla is a station on Line 1 of the Milan Metro. It was opened on 1 November 1964 as part of the inaugural section of the Metro, between Sesto Marelli and Lotto.

The station is located on Viale Monza, which is in the municipality of Milan. It serves the ward of Gorla. This is an underground station with two tracks in a single tunnel.

Milan Metro
The Milan Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Milano) is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of five lines with a total network length of 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi), and a total of 125 stations (+2 in construction), mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in Europe.

The first line, Line 1, opened in 1964; Line 2 opened 5 years later in 1969, Line 3 in 1990, Line 5 (driverless) in 2013, and Line 4 (driverless) in 2022. There are also several extensions planned and under construction. The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the signs, designed by Bob Noorda, received the Compasso d'Oro award in 1964.
North Hillsdale Methodist Church
North Hillsdale Methodist Church, also known as North Hillsdale United Methodist Church and Wesleyan Chapel of North Hillsdale, is a historic Methodist church located at North Hillsdale in Columbia County, New York. It was built between 1837 and 1838, and is a one-story, timber-frame building in the Greek Revival style. A steeple and monumental portico were added in 1859, and a mixed use addition was built on the rear in 1959.  The portico features four Doric order columns.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Columbia County, New York
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2020 census, the population was 61,570. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the surname of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Jack Clay
Jack DeWayne Clay (October 20, 1926 – September 2, 2019) was an American acting teacher, director and actor.

A graduate of the Northwestern University school of speech under Alvina Krause, Clay taught at Oberlin College (1956 - 1957), University of Miami (1957 - 1961), and the University of South Florida (1961 - 1966).  He also headed the Professional Actors Training Programs at Southern Methodist University (1966 - 1986) and the University of Washington (1986 - 1991).  While in Dallas, he founded "Stage #1," a professional acting company, and served as its artistic director for eight years.

Clay's teachers included Lee Strasberg, Martha Graham and Eric Hawkins. Among his best-known students were Kathy Bates, Powers Boothe, Patricia Richardson, Stephen Tobolowsky, Beth Henley and Christopher Evan Welch.

Clay was also a distinguished member of the College of Fellows of the American Theatre.

Clay died on September 2, 2019, in Seattle.

Stephen Tobolowsky
Stephen Harold Tobolowsky (born May 30, 1951) is an American character actor and writer. He is known for film roles such as insurance agent Ned Ryerson in Groundhog Day and amnesiac Sammy Jankis in Memento, as well as such television characters as Commissioner Hugo Jarry in Deadwood, Bob Bishop in Heroes, Sandy Ryerson in Glee, Stu Beggs in Californication and White Famous, "Action" Jack Barker in Silicon Valley, Dr. Leslie Berkowitz in One Day at a Time, Principal Earl Ball in The Goldbergs, and Dr. Schulman in The Mindy Project.

Tobolowsky has a monthly audio podcast, The Tobolowsky Files, of autobiographical stories of his acting and personal life. He has also authored three books: The Dangerous Animals Club, Cautionary Tales, and My Adventures with God.
Myeloconis guyanensis
Myeloconis guyanensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Porinaceae. Found in the coastal lowlands of eastern Guyana, it was formally described as a new species in 1996 by Patrick M. McCarthy and John Elix. Characteristics of the lichen include the prominent verrucae on the perithecia, its yellow, erumpent medulla, and the variety of lichen products found in the medulla.

John Alan Elix
John Alan (Jack) Elix (born 1941) emeritus professor in chemistry at the Australian National University, is an organic chemist who has contributed in many fields: lichenology, lichen chemotaxonomy, plant physiology and biodiversity and natural product chemistry. He has authored 2282 species names, and 67 genera in the field of mycology. Elix edited the exsiccata series Lichenes Australasici exsiccati.

The standard author abbreviation Elix is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Robert A. Saunders
Robert A. Saunders is the Distinguished Professor (2023) in the Department of History, Politics, and Geography at Farmingdale State College, State University of New York. His interests include geopolitics, national identity, and popular culture.
He holds B.A. in history from the University of Florida, M.A. in history from the Stony Brook University and  Ph.D. in Global Affairs from Rutgers University (2005).

Farmingdale State College
The State University of New York at Farmingdale (Farmingdale State College or SUNY Farmingdale) is a public college in East Farmingdale, New York, United States. It is part of the State University of New York. The college was chartered in 1912 as a school of applied agriculture under the name of "New York State School Of Agriculture on Long Island".
Kenneth Komoski
Kenneth Komoski was an American educational advocate, nonprofit executive, and former teacher. He died November 15, 2017, aged 89. Komoski served as head of the Center for Programmed Instruction and the Educational Products Information Exchange Institute. In 1964, Life Magazine named him to their list of Young Leaders of the Big Breakthrough. The magazine noted that he "was among the first to explore the new field of education by teaching-machines, such as keyboard devices, microfilm, and computers". Several years later, Komoski coined the term "learner verification and revision" for formative evaluation and modification of instructional materials (aka field testing with learners). His work in educational technology led the International Society for Performance Improvement to award him their Honorary Lifetime Member Award in 1979.

Formative assessment
Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. The goal of a formative assessment is to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can help students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work. It also helps faculty recognize where students are struggling and address problems immediately. It typically involves qualitative feedback (rather than scores) for both student and teacher that focuses on the details of content and performance.  It is commonly contrasted with summative assessment, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability.
Piano Sonatas (Ustvolskaya)
The six piano sonatas by Galina Ustvolskaya were composed over the course of 43 years – each showing a gradual progression of the composer's style.

The first sonata was written during her study with Shostakovich, but still retains a unique voice. According to Alex Ross, the works are evocative of the Rosicrucian mystical period of Satie. The following two were composed less than a decade later and involve more expressive dynamic markings and contrasts. The final two sonatas, written nearly thirty years after the Fourth Sonata, are perhaps the most shocking and violent expressions  within her musical output.

Alex Ross (music critic)
Alex Ross (born January 12, 1968) is an American music critic and author who specializes in classical music. Ross has been a staff member of The New Yorker magazine since 1996. His extensive writings include performance and record reviews, industry updates, cultural commentary, and historical narratives in the realm of classical music. He has written three well-received books: The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century (2007), Listen to This (2011), and Wagnerism: Art and Politics in the Shadow of Music (2020).

A graduate of Harvard University and student of composer Peter Lieberson, from 1992 to 1996 Ross was a critic for The New York Times. He has received wide acclaim for his publications; The Rest Is Noise was a finalist for the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction, and his other awards and honors include a MacArthur Fellowship and the Belmont Prize. He maintains a popular classical music blog, The Rest is Noise.
Wallace State Park
Wallace State Park is a  public recreation area located seven miles (11 km) south of Cameron in Clinton County, Missouri. The state park's 573 acres (232 ha) encompass a six-acre (2.4 ha) lake, Lake Allaman, for swimming, fishing, and boating, hiking trails, picnicking facilities, and a campground.

Clinton County, Missouri
Clinton County is county located in the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the county had a population of 21,184. Its county seat is Plattsburg. The county was organized January 2, 1833, and named for Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York. The county seat of Plattsburg derives its name from a town of a similar name that is the county seat of Clinton County, New York, which was also named for the Governor.
TombQuest
Tombquest is a series of books that is published by Scholastic Inc and was written by Michael Northrop. It follows two main characters, Alex Sennefer and his best friend Ren Duran, as they battle Ancient Egyptian forces. When Alex is on the verge of death, his mother uses the Book of the Dead to resurrect him. However, this raises five Death Walkers, who are extremely hard to defeat. Alex and Ren must race around the world to defeat the Death Walkers and defeat other evil forces that have arisen as well.

Summarys:

Book 1: Alexs illness is undiagnosed; a mystery ailment with no cure. Modern medicine is powerless. His fate is sealed. Doctor Maggie Bauer is ready to roll the dice and use the tools available to her as a curator at The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

To date, there are five books in the series: Book of the Dead (2015), Amulet Keepers (2015), Valley of Kings (2015), The Stone Warriors (2015), and The Final Kingdom (2016).

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Sympathetic string
Sympathetic strings or resonance strings are auxiliary strings found on many Indian musical instruments, as well as some Western Baroque instruments and a variety of folk instruments.

They are typically not played directly by the performer (except occasionally as an effect), only indirectly through the tones that are played on the main strings, based on the principle of sympathetic resonance.

The resonance is most often heard when the fundamental frequency of the string is in unison or an octave lower or higher than the catalyst note, although it can occur for other intervals, such as a fifth, with less effect.

Tone (musical instrument)
Tone and sound are terms used by musicians and related professions to refer to the audible characteristics of a player's sound.  Tone is the product of all influences on what can be heard by the listener, including the characteristics of the instrument itself, differences in playing technique (e.g. embouchure for woodwind and brass players, fretting technique or use of a  slide in stringed instruments, or use of different  mallets in percussion), and the physical space in which the instrument is played.  In electric and electronic instruments, tone is also affected by the  amplifiers,  effects, and  speakers used by the musician. In recorded music, tone is also influenced by the microphones, signal processors, and recording media used to  record,  mix, and  master the final recording, as well as the listener's audio system.
1946 Cork Junior Football Championship
The 1946 Cork Junior Football Championship was the 48th staging of the Cork Junior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1895.

The final was played on 15 December 1946 at the Athletic Grounds in Ballingeary, between St Vincent's and Bere Island, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Vincent's won the match by 3–06 to 1–04 to claim their first ever championship title.

Ballingeary
Ballingeary (Irish: Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh, pronounced [ˌbʲeːl̪ˠ aːh ənˠ ˈɣeːɾˠhiː]) is a village in the Shehy Mountains in County Cork, Ireland.

The village is located within the Muskerry Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking area). According to the 2016 census, over 42% of the population speak Irish on a daily basis outside the education system. In 2022, Ballingeary had the highest proportion of Irish speakers among the population aged three years and over in Ireland, at 89%.

It has an active Irish-language summer school, Coláiste na Mumhan (College of Munster), which was attended by Thomas MacDonagh in the summer of 1906. It also hosts a yearly agricultural and horticultural show.

Ballingeary is 19 km west of Macroom, on the R584 road. The River Lee rises a few kilometres west of the village, at Gougane Barra Park.
Amir Kubura
Amir Kubura (born 4 March 1964) is a former Bosnian commander of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and officer of the Yugoslav People's Army who was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and sentenced to two years imprisonment for  'plunder of public or private property'.

Kakanj
Kakanj is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the Europe's oldest continuously inhabitted settlement.

As of 2013, the town has a population of 11,796 inhabitants, with 38,937 inhabitants in the municipality. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, north of Visoko and southeast of Zenica. It was built along the slopes of wide hills on either side of the Zgošća river.
Linghu Chu
Linghu Chu (Chinese: 令狐楚; pinyin: Línghú Chǔ) (766 – December 18, 837), courtesy name Keshi (殼士), formally Duke Wen of Pengyang (彭陽文公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong and (briefly) Emperor Xianzong's son Emperor Muzong.

Old Book of Tang
The Old Book of Tang, or simply the Book of Tang, is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (10th century AD), it was superseded by the New Book of Tang, which was compiled in the Song dynasty, but later regained acceptance.

The credited editor was chief minister Liu Xu, but the bulk (if not all) of the editing work was actually completed by his predecessor Zhao Ying. The authors include Zhang Zhao, Jia Wei (賈緯), and Zhao Xi (趙熙).
Glossary of field theory
Field theory is the branch of mathematics in which fields are studied.

In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined and behave as the corresponding operations on rational and real numbers. A field is thus a fundamental algebraic structure which is widely used in algebra, number theory, and many other areas of mathematics.

This is a glossary of some terms of the subject. (See field theory (physics) for the unrelated field theories in physics.)

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Maardla
Maardla is a village in Mustvee Parish, Jõgeva County in Estonia. It's located about 7 km (4 mi) east of Palamuse, just southwest of Voore. Maardla has a population of 31 (as of 2011).

Actor Leonhard Merzin (1934–1990) was born in Aruküla village which is now part of Maardla village.

Jõgeva County
Jõgeva County (Estonian: Jõgeva maakond or Jõgevamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the eastern part of the country, and it borders Ida-Viru County to the northeast, Lake Peipus to the east, Tartu County to the south, Viljandi County to the southwest, Järva County to the northwest, and Lääne-Viru County to the north.
2015 Maltese spring hunting referendum
A referendum on spring hunting was held in Malta on 11 April 2015. Voters voted narrowly in favour of retaining the spring hunt, with 50.4% voting for the existing law to remain in place. Voter turnout was 74.8%.

Democratic Alternative (Malta)
Democratic Alternative (Maltese: Alternattiva Demokratika), sometimes referred to as AD – The Green Party, was a green political party in Malta. The party was initially founded by a coalition of former Labour Party members and environmental activists in 1989. On 1 August 2020 the party announced a plan to merge with the Democratic Party to form a new party called AD+PD. The merger was conducted on 17 October 2020.
Don't Lean Out the Window
Don't Lean Out the Window (Serbo-Croatian: Ne naginji se van), is a 1977 Yugoslav drama film directed by Bogdan Žižić.

The film won two Golden Arena awards at the 1977 Pula Film Festival, for Best Film and for Best Supporting Actress (Mira Banjac).

Mira Banjac
Mira Banjac (Serbian Cyrillic: Мира Бањац; born 4 November 1929) is a Serbian actress.

She won a number of awards, including an award for her work in Mamaroš from Brazil and Golden Medal for Merits of Republic of Serbia.
Parascorpaena mossambica
Parascorpaena mossambica, the Mozambique scorpionfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. This species is native to the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean to Micronesia, although the Pacific populations may be a separate species. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) TL.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Belgium in World War I
The  history of Belgium in World War I traces Belgium's role between the German invasion in 1914, through the continued military resistance and occupation of the territory by German forces to the armistice in 1918, as well as the role it played in the international war effort through its African colony and small force on the Eastern Front.

Yser
The Yser (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR, French: [izɛʁ]; Dutch: Ĳzer [ˈɛizər] ⓘ) is a river that rises in French Flanders (the north of France), enters the Belgian province of West Flanders and flows through the Ganzepoot and into the North Sea at the town of Nieuwpoort.

The source of the Yser is in Buysscheure (Buisscheure), in the Nord department of northern France. It flows through Bollezeele (Bollezele), Esquelbecq (Ekelsbeke), and Bambecque (Bambeke). After approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) of its 78-kilometre (48 mi) course, it leaves France and enters Belgium. It then flows through Diksmuide and out into the North Sea at Nieuwpoort.

During the Battle of the Yser in the First World War, by opening the sluices, part of the polder west of the Yser was flooded with seawater between Nieuwpoort and Diksmuide to provide an obstacle to the advancing German Army and keep westernmost Belgium safe from German occupation. The Yser river itself never overflowed its banks.
1991 Basque foral elections
The 1991 Basque foral elections were held on Sunday, 26 May 1991, to elect the 4th General Assemblies of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa. All 153 seats in the three General Assemblies were up for election. They were held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).