hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hexapeptide-12
Hexapeptide-12 (Elastin hexapeptide) is a hexapeptide with the sequence VGVAPG, which is derived from a sequence found in the connective tissue protein elastin. At low concentrations it can stimulate biosynthesis of elastin and also inhibits production of the inflammatory signalling protein interleukin-6, which gives it an additional antiinflammatory effect. However, at higher concentrations VGVAPG upregulates Sirtuin 2 expression which has a pro-aging and neurodegenerative effect, and progressive build-up of VGVAPG levels from degradation of elastin is thought to be an important contributor to the aging process, so VGVAPG is mainly used in research applications into the pro-aging effects of some matrikine peptides, rather than being used as an ingredient in skincare products as with other related compounds.

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
Tang Pao-yun
Tang Pao-yun (Chinese: 唐寶雲; 1944 – 14 May 1999) was a Taiwanese actress.

She was born in 1944, and attended an acting school run by the Central Motion Picture Corporation. After ending her studies in 1961, she appeared in her first films the next year. Tang was named best supporting actress at the 1962 Asian Film Festival, and won the same award at the  first Golden Horse Film Festival. Tang's role in Beautiful Duckling (1965) was considered a breakout performance. She would later co-star in other films alongside Ou Wei, namely Love is an Elusive Wind (1972). Soon after Beautiful Duckling, another film directed by Li Hsing and starring Tang was released, Four Loves (1965). Other notable credits included Orchids and My Love (1966), Remember Chu (1966), and Lonely 17 (1967). Later in her career, Tang appeared in Execution in Autumn (1972), Fists for Revenge (1974), and All the King's Men (1983).

Asia-Pacific Film Festival
The Asia-Pacific Film Festival (abbreviated APFF) is an annual film festival hosted by the Federation of Motion Picture Producers in Asia-Pacific (FPA). The festival was first held in Tokyo, Japan, in 1954.
Pippa Hinchley
Philippa Lucy Hinchley (born 7 April 1966) is a British actress from London who played Elaine Fenwick in Coronation Street. She has also been in The Bill, Bugs, Doctors, Holby City and EastEnders.

She appeared in the one-off drama Z for Zachariah, part of the last run of the BBC's Play For Today series in 1984. Acting opposite Anthony Andrews, she took the role of teenager Ann Burden, one of apparently only two survivors of a nuclear holocaust.

One of her earliest TV roles was as Anna the Dutch Girl, a teenage holidaymaker in Michael Palin's classic comedy East of Ipswich (1986), set in Southwold in the 1950s. She also appeared in the films Secret Places (1984), Dead Man's Folly (1986) and The Dressmaker (1988), and on TV in Last of the Summer Wine, People Like Us and Touch.

Hinchley was born in London and grew up there and in South Africa. She is a UK and US citizen.

Touch (American TV series)
Touch is  an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring and starred Kiefer Sutherland. During its first season the series aired regularly on Thursday nights beginning March 22, 2012. Thirteen episodes were ordered for the first season, with the two-episode season finale airing on Thursday, May 31, 2012. On May 9, 2012, Fox renewed the show for a second season. The second season was originally scheduled to begin Friday, October 26, 2012, but was pushed back to Friday, February 8, 2013. On May 9, 2013, Fox canceled the series after two seasons.
The Iron Stair (1920 film)
The Iron Stair is a 1920 British silent-era crime film directed by F. Martin Thornton from the novel The Iron Stair by Rita. It starred Reginald Fox and Madge Stuart. A subsequent adaptation of the same story The Iron Stair was made in 1933 directed by Leslie S. Hiscott.

Eliza Humphreys
Elizabeth Margaret Jane Humphreys née Gollan (14 June 1850  – 1 January 1938) was a Scottish novelist from Inverness-shire who wrote 120 books, plays and essays, and founded the Writers’ Club for Women. Many of her works were published under the pseudonym Rita.
Lower Lake, California
Lower Lake (formerly Grantville) is a census-designated place (CDP) in the southern Clear Lake region of Lake County, in northern California.  Lower Lake is also an Indian rancheria of the Koi Nation people.

Koi Nation
The Koi Nation of the Lower Lake Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe of Southeastern Pomo people in northern California. Their name for their tribe is Koi Nation of Northern California, from their traditional village, Koi, once located on an island in Clear Lake.

Koi, meaning people of water, lived on islands in the Clear Lake in what is now Lake County, and migrated seasonally to the California coast. The "Purvis Tract" is located on the Northwest corner of the Clear Lake. For thousands of years, the Nation lived under the Purvis Tract. In that time, the nation continued to assert its unique identity and maintain control of its area.
NATO Commander
NATO Commander is a strategy video game designed by Sid Meier for Atari 8-bit computers and published in 1983 by MicroProse. Ports to the Apple II, and Commodore 64 were released the following year.

The player takes the role of the Supreme Allied Commander of NATO forces in Europe as they respond to a massive Warsaw Pact attack. The goal is to slow their advance and inflict casualties, hoping to force a diplomatic end to the war before West Germany is overrun.

The same game engine was also used as the basis for Conflict in Vietnam, Crusade in Europe and Decision in the Desert.

Sid Meier
Sidney K. Meier (/ˈmaɪər/ MIRE; born February 24, 1954) is an American businessman and computer programmer. A programmer, designer, and producer of many strategy and simulation video games, including the Civilization series, Meier co-founded MicroProse in 1982 with Bill Stealey and is the Director of Creative Development of Firaxis Games, which he co-founded with Jeff Briggs and Brian Reynolds in 1996. For his contributions to the video game industry, Meier was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame.
Helga Brofeldt
Helga Brofeldt (born Helga Amelie Elisabet Textorius; 9 October 1881 – 18 June 1968) was a Swedish stage and film actress. She appeared alongside John Elfström as his wife in several of the Åsa-Nisse series of comedy films.

John Elfström
Per Johan Hilding "John" Elfström (20 April 1902 – 27 March 1981) was a Swedish film actor who appeared in more than 120 films. He is most famous for starring in the Åsa-Nisse series of films. He foremost made lighter comedies, even if he sometimes also appeared in heavier contexts. Ingmar Bergman had him play the blind worker in Music in Darkness (1948), and in Arne Mattsson's One Summer of Happiness (1951) he played an unpleasant priest. He was born in Ovansjö (present Sandviken Municipality, Sweden, grew up in Aspås and died in Täby.
Disused railway stations on the Bodmin to Wadebridge line
There are eight disused railway stations between Wadebridge and Bodmin North on the former Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom, with ten other closed sidings on the branches to Ruthern Bridge and Wenfordbridge. The section from Boscarne Junction to Bodmin General is currently part of the Bodmin and Wenford Steam Railway; the line from Wadebridge to Wenfordbridge is now part of the Camel Trail, and the line to Ruthern Bridge can be followed for much of its length as it runs parallel to a public road.

Bodmin Parkway railway station
Bodmin Parkway railway station is on the Cornish Main Line that serves the nearby town of Bodmin and other parts of mid-Cornwall, England. It is situated 3 miles (4.8 km) south-east of the town of Bodmin in the civil parish of St Winnow, 274 miles 3 chains (274.04 mi; 441.0 km) from London Paddington measured via Box and Plymouth Millbay. Network Rail’s National Rail Timetable dated May 2023 records the distance from London Paddington to Bodmin Parkway as 252.50 miles.

Great Western Railway manages the station and operates most of the train services, although CrossCountry operates some long-distance services. The Bodmin and Wenford Railway operates a heritage service on the branch to the town on certain days.
Karolinska Scales of Personality
Karolinska Scales of Personality is a personality test, superseded by the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality. It measures personalities with a 135-item questionnaire, answered on a four-point Likert scale and grouped into 15 scales:

Psychic anxiety

Somatic anxiety

Muscular tension

Psychasthenia

Inhibition of aggression

Detachment

Impulsiveness

Monotony avoidance (sensation seeking)

Socialization

Indirect aggression

Verbal aggression

Irritability

Suspicion

Guilt

Social desirability

A Spanish version also exists.

Social-desirability bias
In social science research social-desirability bias is a type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. It can take the form of over-reporting "good behavior" or under-reporting "bad" or undesirable behavior. The tendency poses a serious problem with conducting research with self-reports. This bias interferes with the interpretation of average tendencies as well as individual differences.
Wayne Rainey
Wayne Wesley Rainey (born October 23, 1960) is an American former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He competed in the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championships in 1984 and from 1988 to 1993. He won the 500cc World Championship three times and the Daytona 200 once. He was characterized by his smooth, calculating riding style, and for his intense rivalry with compatriot Kevin Schwantz, between 1987 and 1993.

Motorcycle Hall of Fame
The AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum is an offshoot of the American Motorcyclist Association, recognizing individuals who have contributed to motorcycle sport, motorcycle construction, or motorcycling in general. It also displays motorcycles, riding gear, and memorabilia in two floors of exhibits. The American Motorcyclist Association board began planning the museum c. 1998.

The museum is located in Pickerington, Ohio, United States.
Sarburma
Sarburma, also known simply as burma among Crimean Tatars and as pierekaczewnik among Lipka Tatars, is a traditional meat pie in Crimean Tatar cuisine. In Crimean Tatar language sarmaq means "to wrap" and burmaq "to curl". Its name among Lipka Tatars comes from the Russian verb  перека́тывать "to roll up." Nowadays, it is a widespread snack in Crimea, neighbouring regions of Ukraine (Ukrainian: сарбурма), and in Turkey (Turkish: etli kol böreği). In Poland it is a distinctive cuisine of the Lipka Tatars, and is registered under the name pierekaczewnik in the European Union and United Kingdom as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed. The main ingredients are traditionally lamb and dough. The same are used in another popular Crimean and Turkish dish, çibereks.

Dough
Dough is a malleable, sometimes elastic paste made from flour (which itself is made from grains or from leguminous or chestnut crops). Dough is typically made by mixing flour with a small amount of water or other liquid and sometimes includes yeast or other leavening agents, as well as ingredients such as fats or flavourings.

Making and shaping dough begins the preparation of a wide variety of foodstuffs, particularly breads and bread-based items, but also including biscuits, cakes, cookies, dumplings, flatbreads, noodles, pasta, pastry, pizza, piecrusts, scones and similar items. Dough can be made from a wide variety of flour, commonly wheat and rye but also maize, rice, legumes, almonds, and other cereals or crops.
Four corner fusion
Four corner fusion, or partial wrist arthrodesis, is a procedure which involves resection/removal of the scaphoid bone and fixation of the remaining wrist bones with a plate or wires. The procedure is usually performed due to wrist arthritis or due to scaphoid collapse. This surgical intervention is often needed as treatment for patients with wrist osteoarthritis.

Segmental resection
Segmental resection, or segmentectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland as a sub-type of resection, which might involve removing the whole body part.  It may also be used to remove a tumor and the normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung. The resection margin needed to be free of cancerous cells.
Swimming at the 1955 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke
The women's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 1955 Pan American Games took place on 24 March. The last Pan American Games champion was Maureen O'Brien of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
A Soldier Relating His Exploits in a Tavern
A Soldier Relating His Exploits in a Tavern is an 1821 genre painting by the British artist John Cawse. It depicts a scene in a inn where an infantrymen of the British Army is regaling the others present with his stories of military service. As he is wearing a Waterloo Medal and gestures towards an print on the wall he is clearly speaking of his participation of the Hundred Days campaign of 1815.

It conformed to a popular perception that soldiers and veterans were naturally at home in public houses. The painting is today in the collection of the National Army Museum in Chelsea, having been acquired in 1992.

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.
1969 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1969 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 39th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.

Wexford entered the championship as the defending champions. However, they were defeated in the Leinster semi-final.

On 7 September 1969, Cork won the championship following a 2-15 to 3-6 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their ninth All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
Monsef Derraji
Monsef Derraji (born August 1976) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Nelligan as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. As of September 7, 2024, he serves as the opposition critic for Transport and Sustainable Mobility, Democratic Institutions, Electoral Law, and Ethics.

2018 Quebec general election
The 2018 Quebec general election was held on October 1, 2018, to elect members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  The election saw a landslide victory for the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) led by François Legault, which won 74 of 125 seats, giving the party a majority and unseating the Quebec Liberal Party. The Liberals became the official opposition with 31 seats.

This election was the first won by the CAQ, which had previously been the third party in the legislature. It was also the first since 1966 that had been won by a party other than the Liberals or Parti Québécois.
La Ola Walzer
"La Ola Walzer" (Trans: The Wave Waltzer) is a song performed and recorded by Austrian artist DJ Ötzi. The song was released alongside the single "Servus die Wadln" on 31 January 2005. The single is a catchy form of 'pop waltz' song, featuring the main melody of "The Blue Danube". The song became popular following DJ Otzi's performance alongside André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra in Vienna in 2006 and in Maastricht in 2010. Since the performance there has been a small demand for an English version of the song to be released, especially in the UK.

DJ Ötzi
Gerhard "Gerry" Friedle (born 7 January 1971), better known by his stage name DJ Ötzi (pronounced [ˈdiːdʒɛɪ ˈœtsiː]), is an Austrian music producer and singer. Successful mainly in German-speaking countries with his schlager music, he is best known in the English-speaking world for his 2000 single "Hey Baby (Uhh, Ahh)", a cover version of the Bruce Channel song "Hey! Baby". His stage name comes from Ötzi the Iceman, the name given to the 5,300-year-old frozen remains of a mummified man discovered in 1991 in South Tyrol's Ötztal Alps.
Selçuk Hatun Mosque
Selçuk Hatun Mosque is a mosque from the Ottoman period, located in Edirne, Turkey. The mosque, built as a masjid by Selçuk Hatun in 1456, was later converted into a mosque with the addition of a minbar after the death of its imam, İbrahim Halife, who donated the money he had saved.

The mosque and minaret was constructed from cut stone with a square plan. It has a dome and a minaret. It was restored in 2003 and reopened for worship.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Artigasia
Artigasia is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Hystrignathidae. It was  described  from  the  gut  caeca  of Passalus  interstitialis found in Escaleras de Jaruco,  La Habana Province, and El Pan de Matanzas, Matanzas Province, both in Cuba.

Species:

Artigasia ensicrinata (Hunt, 1981)

Artigasia milerai Morffe & García, 2010

Artigasia monodelpha Travassos & Kloss, 1958

Artigasia pauliani Théodoridès, 1955

Cecum
The cecum (UK: caecum, pronounced /ˈsiːkəm/; plural ceca or UK: caeca, pronounced /ˈsiːkə/) is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). The term stems from the Latin caecus, meaning "blind".

It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV), also called Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is usually intraperitoneal, the ascending colon is retroperitoneal.

In herbivores, the cecum stores food material where bacteria are able to break down the cellulose. In humans, the cecum is involved in absorption of salts and electrolytes and lubricates the solid waste that passes into the large intestine.
Brian White (Canadian politician)
Brian White (born 17 January 1951 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He is a pharmacist by career.

He represented the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River where he was first elected in the 1984 federal election and re-elected in 1988, therefore becoming a member in the 33rd and 34th Canadian Parliaments.

White left federal politics in 1993 and did not campaign for a third term in the Legislature.

33rd Canadian Parliament
The 33rd Canadian Parliament was in session from November 5, 1984, until October 1, 1988.  The membership was set by the 1984 federal election on September 4, 1984, and it only changed slightly due to resignations and by-elections prior to being dissolved before the 1988 election.

It was controlled by a Progressive Conservative majority under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the 24th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by former prime minister John Turner.

The Speaker was first John William Bosley and then John Allen Fraser.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1976-1987 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 33rd Parliament:
Jiangsu State Security Department
The Jiangsu State Security Department (江苏省国家安全厅) is the provincial bureau of the Chinese Ministry of State Security in Jiangsu which serves as the coastal province's intelligence service and secret police.

They are involved extensively in espionage against the United States, and aviation-related industrial espionage, operating the advanced persistent threat TURBINE PANDA, also known as APT26. They are most well known for their alleged responsibility for the high-profile 2015 hack of the United States Office of Personnel Management, stealing the personal details of over 20 million U.S. federal civil servants.

The department is headquartered in Gulou, Nanjing, west of the Jiming Temple, though it maintains locations throughout the province.

Jiming Temple
The Jiming Temple (simplified Chinese: 鸡鸣寺; traditional Chinese: 雞鳴寺; pinyin: Jīmíng Sì) is a renowned Buddhist temple in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. One of the oldest temples in Nanjing,  it is located in the Xuanwu District near Xuanwu Lake.
Call Your Friends
Call Your Friends is the tenth studio album by American punk rock band Zebrahead released in Japan on August 7, 2013 and worldwide on August 13 and 16, 2013 respectively. The album is available in five different covers, each available in a specific region.

Long-time guitarist Greg Bergdorf departed before album's production and at the start of writing the album. He was replaced by Dan Palmer of Death by Stereo.

Dan Palmer (guitarist)
Daniel Palmer (born 14 August 1978) is an English guitarist. He was born in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, and now lives in Whittier, California, United States. He is the lead guitarist of the bands Death By Stereo (since Oct 1999) and Zebrahead (since 2013). Palmer is a longtime user of Fernandes Guitars.