hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Debt ratio
The debt ratio or debt to assets ratio is a financial ratio which indicates the percentage of a company's assets which are funded by debt. It is measured as the ratio of total debt to total assets, which is also equal to the ratio of total liabilities and total assets:

Debt ratio = ⁠Total Debts/Total Assets⁠  = ⁠Total Liabilities/Total Assets⁠

Financial analysts and financial managers use the ratio in assessing the financial position of the firm. Companies with high debt to asset ratios are said to be highly leveraged, and are associated with greater risk. A high debt to asset ratio may also indicate a low borrowing capacity, which in turn will limit the firm's financial flexibility.

Financial analyst
A financial analyst is a professional undertaking financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core feature of the job. The role may specifically be titled securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, or ratings analyst. The job title is a broad one:
In banking, and industry more generally, various other analyst-roles cover financial management and (credit) risk management, as opposed to focusing on investments and valuation.
How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful Tour
The How Big Tour, How Blue Tour and the How Beautiful Tour were a series of three concert tours by English indie band Florence and the Machine, in support of their third studio album, How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful. The tour began on 9 September 2015 in Belfast, Northern Ireland and concluded on 3 July 2016 in Werchter, Belgium at Rock Werchter.

You Got the Love
"You Got the Love" is a song by British songwriting team the Source featuring American singer Candi Staton. Originally released in 1986, the song was remixed and re-released in 1991, 1997, and 2006. It has reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, number two on the UK Dance Singles Chart and number one on the UK Club Chart.

The song has been covered by other artists, including  as "You've Got the Love" by Florence and the Machine in 2009, which reached number five on the UK chart.
Bogdan Hutten-Czapski
Bogdan Franciszek Serwacy Hutten-Czapski (referred to in German contexts as Bogdan Graf von Hutten Czapski) h. Leliwa (b 13 May 1851 in Smogulec, d. 7 September 1937 in Poznań) was a Polish Count, politician, curator of the University of Warsaw and the Warsaw University of Technology, President of the Association of Polish Knights of Malta.  Bogdan was the grandson of two Polish generals – Józef Grzegorz Longin Hutten-Czapski (1760–1810) and Stanisław Kostka Mielżyński (1778–1826), associate of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and servant of the Kingdom of Prussia until the end of WWI.

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
Wally Smith (baseball)
Wallace Henry Smith  (March 13, 1888 – June 10, 1930) was an American professional baseball player. He was an infielder in the major leagues for three seasons during 1911–1914. He was later the player-manager of the St. Joseph Saints in the Western League in 1922 and 1923.

Western League (1900–1958)
The Western League was the name of several American sports leagues in Minor League Baseball. This article concentrates on the Western Leagues that operated from 1900 to 1937 and from 1947 to 1958.

Its earliest progenitor, the Western League of 1885–1899, was the predecessor of the American League. Later, during the 20th century, there were four incarnations of the Western League, including the Western League of 1939–1941 (succeeding the Nebraska State League) that played at the Class D level, and an independent baseball league that operated as the Western Baseball League from 1995 to 2002.
Indexation of contracts
In statistics relating to national economies, the indexation of contracts also called "index linking" and "contract escalation" is a procedure when a contract includes a periodic adjustment to the prices paid for the contract provisions based on the level of a nominated price index. The purpose of indexation is to readjust contracts to account for inflation. In the United States, the consumer price index (CPI), producer price index (PPI) and Employment Cost Index (ECI) are the most frequently used indexes.

Producer price index
A producer price index (PPI) is a price index that measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output. Formerly known as the wholesale price index between 1902 and 1978, the index is made up of over 16,000 establishments providing approximately 64,000 price quotations that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) compiles each month to represent thousands of different goods and services.

Its importance is being reduced by the steady decline in manufactured goods as a share of spending. When manufacturers face increased production costs (input costs), businesses must reconsider their pricing approach by either:

Absorbing higher manufacturing costs, which may maintain customer satisfaction but can impact the company's profitability.

Transferring those costs to consumers, which may boost business profits, but means customers will face higher prices for the goods and services.
John Huntley
John Huntley can refer to:

John Huntley (cricketer) (1883-1944), New Zealand cricketer

John Huntley (film historian) (1921-2003), English film historian

John Huntley (footballer) (born 1967), English footballer

John Huntley (cricketer)
Herbert John Huntley (4 November 1883 – 28 March 1944) was an Australian-born cricketer who played in New Zealand for Otago during the 1912–13 season.

Huntley was born at the Melbourne suburb of Brighton in 1883 and lived for a time at Creswick in the state. He moved to New Zealand and was a farm manager at Ettrick in Central Otago.

Living for a time at Invercargill in the early years of the 20th century, Huntley was a member of Invercargill Cricket Club and played representative cricket for Southland. During the 1912–13 season he played for Otago against South Melbourne Cricket Club and Southland, taking four wickets in each match, before making his only first-class appearance in March 1913. Against Canterbury he scored a total of 15 runs and did not take a wicket in the match.

Huntley died at Tuapeka in Otago in 1944. He was aged 60.
Hirsh
Hirsh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carolyn Hirsh, Australian politician

David Hirsh, British academic

David Julian Hirsh, Canadian actor

Ed Hirsh, special effects artist

Elijah Hirsh (born 1997), American-Israeli basketball player

Jason Hirsh (born 1982), American baseball player

Michael Hirsh (disambiguation)

Nurit Hirsh (born 1942), Israeli composer, arranger, and conductor

Tzvi Hirsh of Zidichov, Hasidic rabbi

Wally Hirsh (1936–2024), German-born New Zealand educator

Nurit Hirsh
Nurit Hirsh (Hebrew: נורית הירש; born August 13, 1942) is an Israeli composer, arranger and conductor who has written over a thousand Hebrew songs.  Three of her most famous and widely known songs are Ba-Shanah ha-Ba'ah (Next Year, lyrics by Ehud Manor), Oseh Shalom bi-Meromav (text from the Kaddish prayer). and A-Ba-Ni-Bi, the winning entry in the 1978 Eurovision Song Contest.
DigiSkills.pk
DigiSkills.pk is an online training program in Pakistan. This is an initiative of the Government of Pakistan spearheaded by Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication through Ignite - National Technology Fund (formerly National ICT R&D Fund) and executed by Virtual University of Pakistan.

DigiSkills provides online education in Virtual Assistant, Freelancing, E-Commerce Management, Digital Marketing, Digital Literacy, QuickBooks, AutoCAD, WordPress, Graphic Design, Creative Writing and SEO (Search Engine Optimization).

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Ramoferis
Ramoferis is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Pragian stage of the Early Devonian, around 413 to 411 million years ago. It is considered to be a zosterophyll, one of a group of plants that were related to the ancestors of the modern lycopsids. Fossils were found in the Posongchong Formation in Guangnan County, Yunnan, in southwestern China, where they occur as compressions.

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Radivoj Radić
Radivoj Radić (born 22 January 1954) is a Serbian historian and university professor. Radić is a specialist for Byzantine studies.

He was born in Livno. Radić got his PhD at the University of Belgrade. He has published more than 300 scientific and scholarly works.

University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade (Serbian: Универзитет у Београду / Univerzitet u Beogradu) is a public research university in Belgrade, Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia.

Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments by 1838 to form a single university. The university has around 59,600 enrolled students and over 4,600 academic staff members. Since its founding, the university has educated more than 378,000 bachelors, approximately 25,100 master's, 29,000 specialists, and 14,670 doctors. The university comprises 31 faculties, 12 research institutes, the university library, and 9 university centres. The faculties are organized into four groups: social sciences and humanities; medical sciences; natural sciences and mathematics; and technological sciences.
Epping, Moselle
Epping (French pronunciation: [epɛ̃]; German: Eppingen; Lorraine Franconian: Eppinge) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

The village belongs to the Pays de Bitche and to the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park.

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
FB Playing Fields
FB Playing Fields or Florence Boot Fields is a multi-purpose stadium in the parish of St. Clement, Jersey. The grounds are named after benefactor Florence Boot (1863 - 1952) who was the Jersey-born wife of Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent.

Florence Boot
Florence Anne Boot, Lady Trent (1863–1952) was a Jersey businesswoman and philanthropist. She assisted her husband, Jesse Boot, in running Boots chemists after their marriage in 1886. Florence was responsible for diversifying the firm's retail offering to include perfume, cosmetics, stationery, books, and other general merchandise and also pioneered in-store cafés. Florence promoted employee welfare, establishing an athletics club and a school to continue the education of Boots' younger employees. She also made significant donations of land for public use in Jersey and founded the first all-female hall of residence at the University of Nottingham.
Yao Min
Yao Min (Chinese: 姚敏; pinyin: Yáo Mǐn, born 姚民 Yáo Mín; November 1917 – 30 March 1967) was a Chinese popular music songwriter and singer and brother of Yao Lee. He was arguably one of the most prolific songwriters of the shidaiqu era in 1930s and 1940s Shanghai through the 1950s and 1960s in Hong Kong.

One of his perennial hits is "Wishing You Happiness and Prosperity" (恭喜恭喜). He wrote other early Chinese pop classics for singers such as his sister Yao Lee, Zhou Xuan, Li Xianglan, Bai Hong, and Bai Guang. His songs were often featured in popular movie musicals.

Shidaiqu
Shidaiqu (Chinese: 時代曲; pinyin: shídàiqǔ; Wade–Giles: shih2 tai4 chʻü3; Jyutping: si4 doi6 kuk1) is a type of Chinese popular music that is a fusion of Chinese folk, American jazz and Hollywood film music that originated in Shanghai in the 1920s.
Cecil Hall
Christianity portal

(John) Cecil Hall  (17 May 1804 – 8 February 1844) was Archdeacon of Man from 19 September 1839 until his death.

The son of Charles Henry Hall, Dean of Christ Church, he was educated at his father's college and held incumbencies at Great Cressingham and Kirk Andreas. In 1832 he married Frances Amelia, daughter of The Honourable John Wingfield-Stratford.

Andreas (parish)
Andreas (/ˈændrəs/ AND-rəss or /ˈændriəs/ AND-ree-əss; Manx: Skeerey Andreas) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre. The main settlement in the parish in the village of Andreas, which is also known as Kirk Andreas.
Homing Head
Homing Head (67°48′S 67°16′W﻿ / ﻿67.800°S 67.267°W﻿ / -67.800; -67.267) is a headland at the northeast side of Sally Cove on Horseshoe Island, off Graham Land, Antarctica. It was named by UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1958; the name arose because this conspicuous black headland, formed by sheer cliffs 60 metres (200 ft) high, was treated as an objective by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey sledging parties returning to the Horseshoe Island station.

Headland
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out, then start the same process all over again.
The Beloved Bachelor
The Beloved Bachelor is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by Lloyd Corrigan and written by Sidney Buchman, Raymond Griffith, Agnes Brand Leahy and Edward Peple. The film stars Paul Lukas, Dorothy Jordan, Vivienne Osborne, Charlie Ruggles and Marjorie Gateson. It was released on October 24, 1931, by Paramount Pictures.

Sidney Buchman
Sidney Robert Buchman (March 27, 1902 – August 23, 1975) was an American screenwriter and film producer who worked on about 40 films from the late 1920s to the early 1970s. He received four Oscar nominations and won once for Best Screenplay for the fantasy romantic comedy film Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), sharing the award with Seton I. Miller.
Eucosma messingiana
Eucosma messingiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Hebei, Inner Mongolia), Mongolia, Russia and Europe, where it has been recorded from Germany, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, the Baltic region, Sweden and Finland. The habitat consists of sandy areas.

The wingspan is 18–28 mm. Adults are on wing from August to September in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris. Larvae can be found from September to May.

Baltic region
The Baltic Sea Region, alternatively the Baltic Rim countries (or simply the Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states, refers to the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, including parts of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. Unlike the "Baltic states", the Baltic region includes all countries that border the sea.
Shieldaig Island
Shieldaig Island is an island in Loch Shieldaig, in the council area of Highland, Scotland. It is located 400 metres (1⁄4 nmi) offshore from Shieldaig. Its area is 13 hectares (32 acres) and it rises to a maximum elevation of 41 metres (134 feet). Shieldaig Island has been the property of the National Trust for Scotland since 1970 and has a thriving bird population. It is almost entirely covered in Scots pine which was thought to have been planted over 100 years ago. The seeds were probably taken from Speyside.

National Trust for Scotland
The National Trust for Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is a Scottish conservation organisation. It is the largest membership organisation in Scotland and describes itself as "the charity that cares for, shares and speaks up for Scotland's magnificent heritage".

The trust owns and manages around 130 properties and 76,000 hectares (190,000 acres; 760 km2) of land, including castles, ancient small dwellings, historic sites, gardens, coastline, mountains and countryside. It is similar in function to the National Trust, which covers England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and to other national trusts worldwide.
ITTF Africa Cup
The ITTF AFRICA Cup is an annual table tennis competition held by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) and the African Table Tennis Federation. The competition features men's and women's singles events, with 16 players qualifying to take part in each event, subject to a maximum of two players per association.

Starting from 2016, the Africa Cup serves as a qualification event for the World Cup.

International Table Tennis Federation
The International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) is the governing body for national table tennis associations that use ITTF-approved sponge table tennis rackets. The federation oversees rules and regulations, seeks technological improvement for the sport, and organizes numerous international competitions, including the World Table Tennis Championships.
Accorsi
Accorsi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ernie Accorsi (born 1941), American football executive

Jay Accorsi (born 1963), American football coach

Stefano Accorsi (born 1971), Italian actor

Ernie Accorsi
Ernest William Accorsi Jr. (born October 29, 1941) is an American former professional football executive. He served as the general manager of three teams in the National Football League (NFL): the Baltimore Colts, Cleveland Browns, and New York Giants.
Klung Islands
The Klung Islands are a group of small islands lying 1 kilometre (0.5 nmi) east of Welch Island and the Welch Rocks in the northeastern part of Holme Bay, Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and called Klungholmane (the Bramble Islands). Klung Island is the largest island in the group.

Holme Bay
Holme Bay is a bay in Antarctica in Mac. Robertson Land, 22 miles (35 km) wide, containing many islands, indenting the coast 5 miles (8 km) north of the Framnes Mountains. Holme Bay is largely snow-free and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition in January-February 1937, and named Holmevika because of its island-studded character (holme means "islet" in Norwegian) .
Iberian pre-Romanesque art and architecture
The Pre-Romanesque art and architecture of the Iberian Peninsula (in Spanish, arte prerrománico; in Portuguese, arte pré-românica) refers to the art of Spain and Portugal after the Classical Age and before Romanesque art and architecture; hence the term Pre-Romanesque.

Visigothic art, the art of the Visigoths to 711, is usually classified as Migration Period art by art historians to emphasis its Germanic connections and origins; but can also classified as Pre-Romanesque, particularly in Spain, to emphasis its lineage in Spanish history.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.
Hanbō
The hanbō (半棒, "half-staff") is a staff used in martial arts. Traditionally, the hanbō was approximately three shaku or about 90 centimetres (35 in) long, half the length of the usual staff, the rokushakubō ("six shaku staff"). Diameter was 2.4 to 3 centimetres (0.94 to 1.18 in).  However, depending on the school the length and diameter varied.

As with any weapon, bearers would often find one best suited to their build, opting often for one that comes up to about waist/hip height.

Shaku (unit)
The shaku (Japanese: 尺) or Japanese foot is a Japanese unit of length derived (but varying) from the Chinese chi, originally based upon the distance measured by a human hand from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger (compare span). Traditionally, the length varied by location or use, but it is now standardized as 10/33 m, or approximately 30.3 centimeters (11.9 in).