hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diplazium laffanianum
Diplazium laffanianum, or Governor Laffan's fern, is a species of fern endemic to Bermuda. It is listed as extinct in the wild. It is named after Sir Robert Laffan who sent a living plant to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in 1880. The fern was found in the mouths of caves and rock crevices until 1905. 1905 was the last time Diplazium laffanianum was seen in the wild. In 2002, the spores were sent to the United States to propagate. After propagation, they were sent back to Bermuda from 2009 to 2019. In 2014, a re-introduction programme began using the zoo-raised ferns. As of 2021, there are thirty subjects of Diplazium laffanianum surviving in wild sites.

Extinct in the wild
A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as only consisting of living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range. Classification requires exhaustive surveys conducted within the species' known habitat with consideration given to seasonality, time of day, and life cycle. Once a species is classified as EW, the only way for it to be downgraded is through reintroduction.

Not all EW species are rare. An example is the Brugmansia genus, where all seven species are widely cultivated, but none are found in the wild.
Christian Friedrich Illgen
Christian Friedrich Illgen (16 September 1786 – 4 August 1844) was a German Protestant theologian, known for his work in the field of historical theology.

Illgen was born in Chemnitz. He studied theology at the University of Leipzig, where in 1814 he obtained his habilitation. In 1818 he became an associate professor of philosophy, and several years later, an associate professor of theology. From 1825 onward, he served as a full professor of theology at the University of Leipzig. On four occasions he was dean to the faculty of theology (1830/31, 1833/34, 1837/38, 1841/42).

In 1814 he founded the successful Historisch-theologische Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, an association for the promotion of church history studies. Beginning in 1832, he was editor of the periodical Zeitschrift für die historische Theologie (Magazine of Historical Theology). After his death in Leipzig in 1844, publication of the journal was continued by Christian Wilhelm Niedner.

Historical theology
Historical theology is the study of the history of Christian doctrine. Alister McGrath defines historical theology as 'the branch of theological inquiry which aims to explore the historical development of Christian doctrines, and identify the factors which were influential in the formulation and adoption.' Grenz, Guretzki and Nordling describe it as, "The division of the theological discipline that seeks to understand and delineate how the church interpreted Scripture and developed doctrine throughout its history, from the time of the apostles to the present day. The twofold function of historical theology is to show the origin and development of beliefs held in the present day and to help contemporary theologians identify theological errors of the past that should be avoided in the present."
2024 French motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2024 French motorcycle Grand Prix (officially known as the Michelin Grand Prix de France) was the fifth round of the 2024 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season and the second round of the 2024 MotoE World Championship. All races (except for both MotoE races which were held on 11 May) were held at the Bugatti Circuit in Le Mans on 12 May 2024.

2024 MotoE World Championship
The 2024 MotoE World Championship (known officially as the 2024 FIM Enel MotoE World Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the sixth season of the MotoE World Championship for electric motorcycle racing and was part of the 76th F.I.M. Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.

Héctor Garzó became MotoE World Champion after finishing fourth in race 1 of the San Marino round.
Torgeir Schjerven
Torgeir Schjerven (born 28 August 1954)  is a Norwegian author and lyric poet. Schjerven trained as a visual artist. He has worked as an actor in such films as Lasse & Geir (1976, directed by Svend Wam and Petter Vennerød) and Det tause flertall (The Silent Majority, 1977, directed by Svend Wam).

In 1995, Schjerven was one of the finalists for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the novel Omvei til Venus.

Torgeir Schjerven is married to the author Inger Elisabeth Hansen.

Svend Wam
Svend Olaf Wamnes Akstuft, known as Svend Wam (5 May 1946 – 7 May 2017), was a Norwegian film director.

Wam was born in Son, Norway. He was best known for his collaborations with Petter Vennerød, creating fourteen films under the moniker Wam og Vennerød. Wam died in Vestby after a lengthy illness, aged 71.
West End Press
West End Press is an American publishing house specializing in politically progressive literature.

Founded in New York City in 1975 by John Crawford, the press has published more than 100 titles by writers such as Meridel Le Sueur, Pablo Neruda, Thomas McGrath, Sharon Doubiago, and Joseph Bruchac. It is now based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and its books are distributed by the University of New Mexico Press.

West End takes its name from The West End Bar, located on Broadway across from Columbia University, which was the original site of West End Magazine, established 1971. The name was carried over to West End Press by Crawford, who served as editor and publisher of both the magazine and the press, and who frequented the bar with other students and writers while completing graduate studies at Columbia.

Meridel Le Sueur
Meridel Le Sueur (February 22, 1900 – November 14, 1996) was an American writer associated with the proletarian literature movement of the 1930s and 1940s. Born as Meridel Wharton, she assumed the name of her mother's second husband, Arthur Le Sueur, the former Socialist mayor of Minot, North Dakota. Her writings—including journalistic pieces, short stories, and poetry—often dealt with the everyday lives of working-class women. She wrote from a perspective shaped by Marxist and feminist ideas. Her best-known works include the 1932 essay “Women on the Breadlines” and the novel The Girl. Le Sueur’s close association with Communist organizations eventually led to her being blacklisted in the 1950s during the Cold War. This sharply reduced the amount of work she was able to publish. Interest in her work revived in the 1970s and 1980s, when scholars and second-wave feminists reassessed her contributions to American radical and feminist literature.
2022–23 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Brittany
The 2022–23 Coupe de France preliminary rounds, Brittany is the qualifying competition to decide which teams from the leagues of the Brittany region of France take part in the main competition from the seventh round.

A total of fourteen teams will qualify from the Brittany preliminary rounds.

In 2021–22, AS Vitré and Vannes OC both progressed to the round of 32. Vannes were beaten by Paris Saint-Germain, whilst Vitré lost to eventual winner FC Nantes.

Vannes OC
Vannes Olympique Club (Breton: Klub Olimpek Gwened; commonly referred to as simply Vannes) is a French professional football club based in Vannes, Brittany. The club was formed in 1998 as a result of the merger of Véloce vannetais founded in 1911 and FC Vannes known before 1991 as UCK Vannes founded in 1946 and currently competing in Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football. Vannes plays its home matches at the Stade de la Rabine, located within the city.

In 2002, the club hired Stéphane Le Mignan as manager, reaching the quarter-finals of the Coupe de France in 2007, the Championnat National title in 2008, the Coupe de la Ligue final in 2009 and three seasons of Ligue 2 from 2008 to 2011. He was dismissed in 2012 and the club filed for bankruptcy in 2014, reforming in the seventh tier and achieving three promotions in four years.
USS Sway
USS Sway (AM-120) was an Auk-class minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.

Sway was laid down on 18 November 1941 by John H. Mathis & Company, Camden, New Jersey; launched on 29 September 1942; sponsored by Mrs. W. W. Robinson; and commissioned on 20 July 1943.

Anzio
Anzio (/ˈænzioʊ/, also US: /ˈɑːntsioʊ/; Italian: [ˈantsjo]) is a resort town and comune in the Lazio region of Italy, about 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Rome.

Well known for its seaside resorts, it is a fishing port and a departure point for ferries and hydroplanes to the Pontine Islands of Ponza, Palmarola, and Ventotene. The town bears great historical significance as the site of Operation Shingle, a crucial landing by the Allies during the Italian Campaign of World War II.
Paulin Bruné
Paulin Bruné (born 24 July 1946) is a politician from French Guiana who served in the French National Assembly from 1986-1988, and briefly in the European Parliament in 1986.

Bruné was born in Cayenne, French Guiana, and holds a doctorate in Economics. He joined the Rally for the Republic, and was first elected in 1984. In 1986, he became deputy for French Guiana, and served until 1988.

Cayenne
Cayenne (/keɪˈɛn/; French pronunciation: [kajɛn] ⓘ; Guianese Creole French: Kayenn) is the prefecture and capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.  The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast.  The city's motto is "fert aurum industria", which means "work brings wealth". Cayenne is the largest Francophone city of the South American continent.

In the 2023 census, there were 153,884 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Cayenne (as defined by INSEE), 62,675 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Cayenne proper.
Burg pusht
Burg Pusht (Balochi:برگ پْشت) is a village in Musa Khail District, Balochistan, Pakistan with a  population of over 1000 residents.

It comes under the vast BUZDAR tribe.

It has a boys' high school, a girls' middle school and a medical dispensary ' Viternary Hospital.

Burg Pusht is a valley of Koh-e-salumman or Salumanian Mountain Range.

In the Burg Pusht are large mountains. In these mountains live camels, goats, sheep, and cows.

Different types of Trees and bushes are found. There are also Senegalia senegal or Kahoor in Balochi are found. Olive trees from 3000 years previous. There is an olive garden where almost 3000 olive trees are planted.

Senegalia senegal
Senegalia senegal (also known as Acacia senegal) is a small thorny deciduous tree from the genus Senegalia, which is known by several common names, including gum acacia, gum arabic tree, Sudan gum and Sudan gum arabic. In parts of India, it is known as kher, khor, or kumatiya. It is native to semi-desert regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as Oman, Pakistan, and west coastal India. It grows to a height of 5–12 metres (16-40'), with a trunk up to 30 cm (1') in diameter. Sudan is the source of the world's highest quality gum arabic, known locally as hashab gum in contrast to the related, but inferior, gum arabic from red acacia, known as talah gum.
Alabama State Route 184
State Route 184 (SR 184) is a 14.891-mile (23.965 km) state highway that serves as an east-west connection between Sheffield and SR 101. SR 184 intersects US 43/US 72 at its western terminus and SR 101 at its eastern terminus in Lawrence County.

Sheffield, Alabama
Sheffield is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area. The population was 9,403 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 9,307 in 2023.
1889 Home Nations Championship
The 1889 Home Nations Championship was the seventh series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Three matches were played between 2 February and 2 March. It was contested by Ireland, Scotland and Wales. England were excluded from the Championship due to their refusal to join the International Rugby Board.

Swansea RFC
Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Super Rygbi Cymru. The club play at St Helen's Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea and are also known as The Whites, in reference to their home kit colours.
Dukecynus
Dukecynus is an extinct genus of meat-eating metatherian belonging to the order Sparassodonta, which lived in South America during the Middle Miocene (Laventan), between about 13.8 and 11.8 million years ago. The name of the genus meaning "Duke dog", for Duke University and the Greek word cynos, dog, for the pretended similarity of this animal with dogs. A single species known so far, Dukecynus magnus.  The species name "magnus" derives from Latin for big, to reflect their great size.

Metatheria
Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as well as many extinct non-marsupial relatives. It is one of two groups placed in the clade Theria alongside Eutheria, which contains the placentals. Remains of metatherians have been found on all of Earth's continents.
Communauté de communes Coteaux et Châteaux
The Communauté de communes Coteaux et Châteaux was a communauté de communes in the Hérault département and in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France.

It was created by prefectoral decision on December 31, 1997 and dissolved on January 1, 2013 upon merging with surrounding communauté de communes to form the Communauté de communes des Avant-Monts du Centre Hérault.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
Terrett
Terrett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ben Terrett (born 1975), British designer

Keith Terrett (born 1956), British musician, composer, and educator

Terrett Butte, landmark in Montana

Terrett v. Taylor, 1815 lawsuit

Keith Terrett
Keith Terrett (born April 6, 1956) is a British musician, composer, and educator known for his musical compositions, arranging, wind band conducting and his complete set of national anthems from Aruba to Zambia.
Conservatism in Italy
Conservatism in Italy (Italian: conservatorismo) is the political philosophy and ideology of conservatism as it has developed in Italy. It seeks to uphold Italian culture with an emphasis on familialism and patriotism and is historically strongly associated with clericalism and monarchism as well as anti-communism. It has been a dominant ideology throughout Italy's modern history although with different expressions: during the interwar era it merged with fascism into a form of ultraconservatism, while the post-war era was characterised by the moderate conservatism of centre-right Christian democracy. Southern Italy is more traditionalist and patriotic, while northern Italy is more capitalist.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Louth Senior Football Championship
The Louth Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition organised by Louth GAA among the top Gaelic football clubs in County Louth, Ireland. The winning club qualifies to represent the county in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship, the winner of which progresses to the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

Leinster Senior Club Football Championship
The Leinster Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament played on a knockout basis between the senior club championship winners of the competing counties in Leinster. The current holders of the Leinster title are Kilmacud Crokes from Dublin. Offaly side Gracefield were the first winners of the Leinster senior club football championship in the 1970–71 season. The most successful clubs are St. Vincent's, and Kilmacud Crokes from Dublin, and Portlaoise from Laois, who have won the Leinster championship on seven occasions. Carlow club Éire Óg won 5 championships in 7 years in the 1990s. Dublin clubs have won the Leinster championship twenty five times, which is more than triple any other county. The winner of this competition represents Leinster in the semi-finals of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.
Wells score (pulmonary embolism)
The Wells score is a clinical prediction rule used to classify patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism  (PE) into risk groups by quantifying the pre-test probability. It is different than Wells score for DVT (deep vein thrombosis). It was originally described by Wells et al. in 1998, using their experience from creating Wells score for DVT in 1995. Today, there are multiple (revised or simplified) versions of the rule, which may lead to ambiguity.

The purpose of the rule  is to select the best method of investigation (e.g. D-dimer testing, CT angiography) for ruling in or ruling out the diagnosis of PE, and to improve the interpretation and accuracy of subsequent testing, based on a Bayesian framework for the probability of the diagnosis.

The rule is more objective than clinician gestalt, but still includes subjective opinion (unlike e.g. Geneva score).

Computed tomography angiography
Computed tomography angiography (also called CT angiography or CTA) is a computed tomography technique used for angiography—the visualization of arteries and veins—throughout the human body. Using contrast injected into the blood vessels, images are created to look for blockages, aneurysms (dilations of walls), dissections (tearing of walls), and stenosis (narrowing of vessel). CTA can be used to visualize the vessels of the heart, the aorta and other large blood vessels, the lungs, the kidneys, the head and neck, and the arms and legs. CTA can also be used to localise arterial or venous bleed of the gastrointestinal system.
Batiquitos Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area
Batiquitos Lagoon State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) is a marine protected area in San Diego on California’s south coast. It is part of Batiquitos Lagoon, a coastal tidal wetland lying within the city limits of Carlsbad, and adjacent to Encinitas. The SMCA covers 2000 miles. It protects marine life by limiting the removal of marine wildlife from within its borders.

Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city is 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego and 87 miles (140 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 114,746. Carlsbad is a popular tourist destination and home to many businesses in the golf industry.
Sosnowiec Cathedral
The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary  (Polish: Bazylika katedralna Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Sosnowcu ) also called Sosnowiec Cathedral is a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church which is located in the city of Sosnowiec in the European country of Poland.

It is eclectic church built in 1899, on the plan of a Latin cross basilica type. As of 25 March 1992 is the cathedral of the Diocese of Sosnowiec.

The most important Catholic shrine of Sosnowiec was built between 1893 and 1899. In 1896 there was put into operation for the faithful the lower chapel. In 1899 the Bishop of Kielce Tomasz Kulinski erected a new parish, freeing it from the area of the parish of Czeladź. In the year 1901 there was put into operation the rectory.

In October 2014 it was affected by a fire.

Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec is an industrial city county in the Dąbrowa Basin of southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship, which is also part of the Metropolis GZM municipal association. Located in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, Sosnowiec is one of the cities of the Katowice urban area, which is a conurbation with a total population of 2.7 million people; as well as the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5.3 million people. The population of the city is 189,178 as of December 2022.
Apple of My Eye (song)
"Apple of My Eye" is a song recorded by the Welsh rock band Badfinger for inclusion on their 1973 album, Ass. The song was written and sung by Pete Ham, produced by Chris Thomas and Badfinger, and released on Apple Records.

Chris Thomas (music producer)
Christopher P. Thomas (born 13 January 1947 in Perivale, Middlesex, England) is an English record producer who has worked extensively with the Beatles, Pink Floyd, Procol Harum, Roxy Music, Badfinger, Elton John, Paul McCartney, Pete Townshend, Pulp and the Pretenders. He has also produced breakthrough albums for the Sex Pistols, the Climax Blues Band, the Pretenders and INXS.
Koningsmantel (Netherlands)
The royal mantle (Dutch: Koningsmantel) of the Netherlands is worn only by the Dutch monarch at their inauguration. As Dutch monarchs are never crowned, it is more appropriate to speak of a royal mantle than a coronation mantle.

It is a red velvet trimmed coat lined with white ermine and 83 Dutch lions embroidered with gold threads. It was last worn at the inauguration of King Willem-Alexander.

Netherlands national American football team
The Dutch Lions is the Dutch national American Football team. The team represents the Netherlands in international competition and is made up entirely of Dutch national players, typically but not exclusively playing in the AFBN and GFL competitions.
Leonardo Chiariglione
Leonardo Chiariglione (IPA: [kjariʎˈʎoːne]) (born 30 January 1943 in Almese, Turin province, Piedmont, Italy) is an Italian engineer who has led the development of international technical standards for digital media. In particular, he was the chairman of the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) from 1988 to 2020, which he co-founded together with Hiroshi Yasuda of NTT.

Province of Turin
The province of Turin (Italian: provincia di Torino; Piedmontese: provinsa ëd Turin; French: province de Turin) was a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Turin. The province existed until 31 December 2014, when it was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Turin.
Rajé Shwari
Rajé Shwari (born August 4, 1977)  is an American hip hop artist, best known for her feature on Timbaland & Magoo's "Indian Flute". Shwari has also worked with Jay-Z, Nas, Kanye West, Missy Elliott and Pharrell.

Timbaland & Magoo
Timbaland & Magoo were an American hip-hop duo composed of Virginia natives Timothy "Timbaland" Mosley (born 1972) and Melvin "Magoo" Barcliff (1973–2023). Formed in 1989, the duo signed with Blackground Records, an imprint of Atlantic Records to release three albums: Welcome to Our World (1997), Indecent Proposal (2001), and Under Construction, Part II (2003). Magoo died of a heart attack in 2023.
Gurnee (surname)
Gurnee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Augustus C. Gurnee (1855–1926), American socialite and art patron;

Hal Gurnee (born 1935), American television director;

John D. Gurnee (1831–1906), American politician and lawyer;

Walter S. Gurnee (1813–1903), American politician.

John D. Gurnee
John Denton Gurnee (December 25, 1831 – March 15, 1906) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, Gurnee graduated from Princeton University in 1854. He studied law in the office of William C. Hasbrouck in Newburgh, New York and was admitted to the New York bar in 1857. Gurnee settled in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1857, and practiced law. Gurnee was involved with the Democratic Party. In 1872, Gurnee served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. In 1896, Gurnee ended his involvement with the Democratic Party. Wisconsin Governor Cadwallader C. Washburn appointed Gurnee to the Wisconsin Park Commission. Gurnee died at his home in Madison, Wisconsin.