hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Three Crowns
Three Crowns (Swedish: tre kronor) is the national emblem of Sweden, present in the coat of arms of Sweden, and composed of three yellow or gilded coronets ordered two above and one below, placed on a blue background. Similar designs are found on a number of other coats of arms or flags.

The emblem is often used as a symbol of official State authority by the Monarchy, the Riksdag, the Government of Sweden and by Swedish embassies around the world, but also appears in other less formal contexts, such as the Sweden men's national ice hockey team, who wear the symbol on their sweaters and hence are called "Three Crowns", and atop the Stockholm City Hall (built 1911–1923). The Three Crowns are also used as the roundel on military aircraft of the Swedish Air Force and as a sign on Swedish military equipment in general, and also on the uniforms and vehicles of the Swedish Police Authority.

Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's maritime colonies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).

The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm 11 days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. The Danish king formally renounced his claim to Sweden in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
Net insurance benefit
Net Insurance Benefits (NIBs) in their simplest forms, are the profits from a portfolio of life insurance policies.

NIB is a term used in the life settlement industry to describe the net cash flows from a portfolio of life contingent assets commonly structured to pool assets together for purposes of diversification, favorable tax treatment, or other desirable portfolio characteristics.

Often, but not always, the underlying assets in an NIB are combined with other insurance products to produce a more attractive risk profile than the underlying assets by themselves.

The market value of a NIB can vary, depending on the presence or absence of certain underlying enhancements such as financing, reinsurance wraps, mortality protection products, or bank guarantees.

Risk equalization
Risk equalization is a way of equalizing the risk profiles of insurance members to avoid loading premiums on the insured to some predetermined extent.

In health insurance, it enables private health insurance to operate in some countries to be offered at a common rate for all even though insurers are not allowed by law to reject clients or impose special conditions for their health insurance. That is achieved by transfer payments by a risk equalization pool usually run by a neutral party, such as a government agency.
Passive investor
A passive investor is one who does not participate in the day-to-day decisions of running a company. In partnerships, such investors may be deemed limited partners rather than general partners. According to Steve Penman, "The passive investor assumes the market is efficient and that stocks are correctly priced to reflect the risk involved in buying the stock." A passive investor relies on the controlling stakeholders and the management to conduct the business of the corporation in such a way as both to maximize its value and to share the upside potential with the passive investor.

General partner
General partner is a person who joins with at least one other person to form a business.  A general partner has responsibility for the actions of the business, can legally bind the business and is personally liable for all the partnership's debts and obligations.
Hilary Edeoga
Hilary Edeoga Odo Listenⓘ (born November 28, 1960) is a Nigerian academic and professor of plant taxonomy and cytogenetics. He served as the fourth substantive Vice-Chancellor of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture from 2011 to 2016.

Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.
Zhang Guoying
Zhang Guoying (Chinese: 张帼英; born March 1937) is a Chinese politician who served as chairwoman of Guangdong Provincial People's Congress from 2001 to 2003.

She was a member of the 12th, 13th and 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. She was a representative of the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. She was a delegate to the 9th National People's Congress.

14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was convened from 12 to 18 October, 1992.  It was preceded by the 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,000 delegates represented the party's 51 million members.

The Congress elected the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Building socialism with Chinese Characteristics was advanced. The congress outlined the major tasks in the reform, economic and social development in the 1990s. It declared that the target of China's economic restructuring was to establish a socialist market economic system. It was succeeded by the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.
Bodog F. Beck
Bodog Felix Beck (6 August 1868 – 1 January 1942) was a Hungarian-born American physician who specialized in the treatment of arthritic and rheumatoid conditions using bee venom and who coined the term "bee venom therapy". There are no studies proving the ability of bee venom to cure any ailment.

Apitoxin
Apitoxin or bee venom is the venom produced by the honey bee. It is a cytotoxic and hemotoxic bitter colorless liquid containing proteins, which may produce local inflammation.  It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.
Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 40
Naval Mobile Construction Battalion FORTY (NMCB 40), nicknamed Fighting FORTY, was a US Navy Seabee Battalion based out of Port Hueneme, California.  Its primary mission was wartime contingency construction as well as peacetime construction and disaster relief.

Port Hueneme, California
Port Hueneme (/waɪˈniːmi/ ⓘ wy-NEE-mee; Chumash: Wene Me) is a small beach city in Ventura County, California, surrounded by the city of Oxnard and the Santa Barbara Channel. Both the Port of Hueneme and Naval Base Ventura County lie within the city limits.

Port Hueneme has a south-facing sand beach, known for its surfing. The beach has a wooden fishing pier and is about a mile long between Ormond Beach downcoast and Point Hueneme Light at the harbor entrance shared by the naval base and the port. The Waterfront Promenade, also known as the Lighthouse Promenade, provides a paved public access along the shoreline with two historic sites at viewpoints: the 1872 Wharf and the Oxnard Packing House.
Manila Thermal Power Plant
The Manila Thermal Power Plant (MTPP) is a decommissioned power plant found on Isla de Provisor, in the Paco District of Manila, in the Philippines.

Located along the Pasig River, it was sold to the Malaysian firm Gagasan Steel, Inc. by Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation (PSALM), an agency of the Philippine government tasked with privatising underperforming power assets.

Paco, Manila
Paco, formerly known as Dilao, is a district of Manila, Philippines, located south of the Pasig River and San Miguel, west of Santa Ana, southwest of Pandacan, north of Malate, northwest of San Andres Bukid, and east of Ermita. It had a population of 79,839 people as of the 2020 census.
Noncommutative logic
Noncommutative logic is an extension of linear logic that combines the commutative connectives of linear logic with the noncommutative multiplicative connectives of the Lambek calculus. Its sequent calculus relies on the structure of order varieties (a family of cyclic orders that may be viewed as a species of structure), and the correctness criterion for its proof nets is given in terms of partial permutations. It also has a denotational semantics in which formulas are interpreted by modules over some specific Hopf algebras.

Commutative property
In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Perhaps most familiar as a property of arithmetic, e.g. "3 + 4 = 4 + 3" or "2 × 5 = 5 × 2", the property can also be used in more advanced settings. The name is needed because there are operations, such as division and subtraction, that do not have it (for example, "3 − 5 ≠ 5 − 3"); such operations are not commutative, and so are referred to as noncommutative operations.

The idea that simple operations, such as the multiplication and addition of numbers, are commutative was for many centuries implicitly assumed. Thus, this property was not named until the 19th century, when new algebraic structures started to be studied.
Stora Sjöfallet National Park
Stora Sjöfallet (Swedish: [ˈstǔːra ˈɧø̂ːfalːɛt], lit. 'The Great Lake Falls'; Lule Sami: Stuor Muorkke, lit. 'Great Portage') is a national park in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden, in Gällivare Municipality and Jokkmokk Municipality. The national park covers 1,278 km2 (493 mi2) and is the third-largest in Sweden. The park is located about 20 km (12 mi) north of the Arctic Circle by the Norwegian border and surrounds the Akkajaure reservoir from the north, east and south.

The area was declared a national park in 1909. The national park is part of the Laponian area, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Stora Sjöfallet is also a part of Natura 2000, which is a network for protected areas in the European Union.

Lule Sámi
Lule Sámi (Lule Sami: julevsámegiella, Norwegian: lulesamisk, Swedish: lulesamiska) is a Uralic-Sámi language spoken around the Lule River in Sweden and in the northern parts of Nordland county in Norway. In Norway it is especially seen in Hamarøy Municipality (formerly Tysfjord Municipality), where Lule Sámi is one of the official languages. It is written in the Latin script, having an official alphabet.
1980 TAA Formula Ford Driver To Europe Series
The 1980 TAA Formula Ford Driver to Europe Series was an Australian motor racing competition for Formula Ford racing cars. The series, which was the eleventh Australian Formula Ford Series, was won by Stephen Brook driving a Lola T440.

Lola Cars
Lola Cars Limited is a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1958 by Eric Broadley in Bromley, England. The company is now owned by Till Bechtolsheimer, who purchased it in 2022. Lola Cars endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world. Lola started by building small front-engine sports cars, and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles. In 2012, Lola Cars stopped operations. Lola returned to motorsport in 2024 by joining the Formula E World Championship as an entrant and a powertrain supplier in a technical partnership with Yamaha.
Flocoumafen
Flocoumafen is a fluorinated, second-generation anticoagulant of the 4-hydroxycoumarin vitamin K antagonist type. It is a second generation (i.e., high potency) chemical in this class, used commercially as a rodenticide. It has a very high toxicity and is restricted to indoor use and sewers (in the UK). This restriction is mainly due to the increased risk to non-target species, especially due to its tendency to bio-accumulate in exposed organisms. Studies have shown that rodents resistant to first-generation anticoagulants can be adequately controlled with flocoumafen. It was synthesized in 1984 by Shell International Chemical.

Shell Chemicals
Shell Chemicals is the petrochemicals arm of Shell plc. The name "Shell Chemicals" refers to the nearly seventy companies engaged in chemicals businesses for Shell, which together make up  one of the largest petrochemical producers in the world. The company has a wide range of products that include acetone, aromatics, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols, alkenes, nonene, phenol, polyethylene, polyols, and solvents.
Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage
The Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage (中国三十三観音霊場, Chūgoku Sanjūsan Kannon Reijō) is one of a number of traditional Buddhist pilgrimage routes in Japan. The route includes 33 sites sacred to the boddhisattva Kannon, across the Chūgoku region (Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane and Tottori prefectures). The 33 Kannon were selected in 1981.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
Cuprospinel
Cuprospinel is a mineral. Cuprospinel is an inverse spinel with the chemical formula CuFe2O4, where copper substitutes some of the iron cations in the structure. Its structure is similar to that of magnetite, Fe3O4, yet with slightly different chemical and physical properties due to the presence of copper.

The type locality of cuprospinel is Baie Verte, Newfoundland, Canada, where the mineral was found in an exposed ore dump. The mineral was first characterized by Ernest Henry Nickel, a mineralogist with the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources in Australia, in 1973. Cuprospinel is also found in other places, for example, in Hubei province, China and at Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, Russia.

Type locality (geology)
A type locality, or a type area, in geology is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

The concept is similar to type site in archaeology.
Sun Ru
Sun Ru (Chinese: 孫儒; died July 3, 892), formally the Prince of Le'an (樂安王), was a Chinese military general, rebel and politician during the Tang dynasty. He initially served as a general under the pretender emperor Qin Zongquan.  After Qin's defeat, he nominally submitted to Tang imperial authority and contended for control of the central-lower Yangtze River region with Yang Xingmi; he was eventually defeated by Yang and executed.  His subordinate Ma Yin was the eventual founder of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Chu.

Jiaozuo
Jiaozuo (Chinese: 焦作; pinyin: Jiāozuò [tɕjáʊ.tswô]; postal: Tsiaotso) is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. Jiaozuo is one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and a regional central city along the Shanxi–Henan border area.

Its population was 3,590,700 as of the 2018 estimate whom 1,424,500 lived in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts (Jiefang, Shanyang, Zhongzhan and Macun) and Bo'ai County largely being urbanized.
Anoxomer
Anoxomer is a food additive with E number E323.  It is a non-digestible polymeric antioxidant.  It was designed to allow the introduction of established antioxidants in a non-absorbable manner in order to avoid potential health risk associated with their digestion.

Anoxomer is prepared by condensation polymerization of divinylbenzene and a mixture of antioxidant monomers including tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylphenol, hydroxyanisole, p-cresol and 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Yuri G. Zdesenko
Yuri G. Zdesenko (Ukrainian: Здесенко Юрій Георгійович); 6 October 1943 – 1 September 2004, was a Ukrainian nuclear physicist known for a significant contribution to investigations of double beta decay.

Double beta decay
In nuclear physics, double beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which two neutrons are simultaneously transformed into two protons, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. As in single beta decay, this process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons. As a result of this transformation, the nucleus emits two detectable beta particles, which are electrons or positrons.

The literature distinguishes between two types of double beta decay: ordinary double beta decay and neutrinoless double beta decay. In ordinary double beta decay, which has been observed in several isotopes, two electrons and two electron antineutrinos are emitted from the decaying nucleus. In neutrinoless double beta decay, a hypothesized process that has never been observed, only electrons would be emitted.
Organic semiconductor
Organic semiconductors are solids whose building blocks are pi-bonded molecules or polymers made up by carbon and hydrogen atoms and—at times—heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. They exist in the form of molecular crystals or amorphous thin films. In general, they are electrical insulators, but become semiconducting when charges are injected from appropriate electrodes or are introduced by doping or photoexcitation.

Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in which each of two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally. Each of these atomic orbitals has an electron density of zero at a shared nodal plane that passes through the two bonded nuclei. This plane also is a nodal plane for the molecular orbital of the pi bond. Pi bonds can form in double and triple bonds but do not form in single bonds in most cases.

The Greek letter π in their name refers to p orbitals, since the orbital symmetry of the pi bond is the same as that of the p orbital when seen down the bond axis. One common form of this sort of bonding involves p orbitals themselves, though d orbitals also engage in pi bonding. This latter mode forms part of the basis for metal-metal multiple bonding.
Stephen Carlton Clark
Stephen Carlton Clark (August 29, 1882 – September 17, 1960) was an American art collector, businessman, newspaper publisher and philanthropist. He may be best known as the founder of the Baseball Hall of Fame, in Cooperstown, New York.

Winslow Homer
Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and illustrator, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters of 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art in general.

Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator. He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized by the weight and density he exploited from the medium. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific œuvre, primarily chronicling his working vacations.
National Route 35 (Costa Rica)
National Primary Route 35, or just Route 35 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Primaria 35, or Ruta 35) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Alajuela province, and it is a road that serves the central north area of Costa Rica.

National Road Network of Costa Rica
National Road Network of Costa Rica (Spanish: Red Vial Nacional), are a series of numbered road routes that are managed through Costa Rica by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MOPT) and its subagency the National Road Council (Conavi).

According to the Inter-American Development Bank, in 2019 Costa Rica had the worst road network in Latin America, due to being under maintained, and having structural defects and deterioration in around 49% of the National Primary Routes network. Other countries in the area report an average of 20% in the same metric.

There are no high speed express routes but there are some two-lane trunk roads. Potholes are common in primary road routes. Many of the secondary or tertiary road routes are made of gravel or dirt.
Asparagus declinatus
Asparagus declinatus, common name bridal veil, is a species of Asparagus plant. It is native to the Cape Provinces, Madagascar and Namibia and has been introduced into Central America, South Australia and Western Australia. It is a perennial vine. It is categorized as invasive in some areas.

Asparagus (genus)
Asparagus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Asparagoideae. It comprises up to 300 species. Most are evergreen long-lived perennial plants growing from the understory as lianas, bushes or climbing plants. The best-known species is the edible Asparagus officinalis, commonly referred to as just asparagus. Some other members of the genus, such as Asparagus densiflorus, are grown as ornamental plants.