hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nieuwe Waterweg
51°56′31″N 4°11′29″E﻿ / ﻿51.94194°N 4.19139°E﻿ / 51.94194; 4.19139

The Nieuwe Waterweg ("New Waterway") is a ship canal in the Netherlands from het Scheur (a branch of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta) west of the town of Maassluis to the North Sea at Hook of Holland: the Maasmond, where the Nieuwe Waterweg connects to the Maasgeul. It is the artificial mouth of the river Rhine.

The Nieuwe Waterweg, which opened in 1872 and has a length of approximately 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi), was constructed to keep the city and port of Rotterdam accessible to seafaring vessels as the natural Meuse-Rhine branches silted up. The Waterway is a busy shipping route since it is the primary access to one of the busiest ports in the world, the Port of Rotterdam. At the entrance to the sea, a flood protection system called Maeslantkering has been installed (completed in 1997). There are no bridges or tunnels across the Nieuwe Waterweg.

Maassluis
Maassluis (Dutch pronunciation: [maˑˈslʌy̆s] ⓘ) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 33,567 in 2021 and covered 10.12 km2 (3.91 sq mi) of which 1.64 km2 (0.63 sq mi) was water.

It received town rights in 1811.
Road signs in Japan
Road signs in Japan are standardized by the "Order on Road Sign, Road Line, and Road Surface Marking (道路標識、区画線及び道路標示に関する命令)" established in 1968 with origins from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department's "Order on Standardization of Road Sign" of 1934 and the Home Ministry of Japan's "Order on Road Signs" of 1942. The previous designs have been used since 1986 after several amendments of order.

They are divided into "Principal Sign" (本標識, hon-hyōshiki) and "Supplemental Sign" (補助標識, hojo-hyōshiki).

Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) (警視庁, Keishichō), known locally as simply the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD), is the prefectural police of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. Founded in 1874, the TMPD is the largest police force in Japan by number of officers, with a staff of more than 40,000 police officers and over 2,800 civilian personnel.

The TMPD is headed by a Superintendent-General, who is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission and approved by the prime minister. It manages 10 divisions and 102 stations across the Metropolis.

The TMPD's headquarters are located in Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo. Built in 1980, it is 18 stories tall, and is a large wedge-shaped building with a cylindrical tower. The HQ building is located opposite of Sakurada Gate of Tokyo Imperial Palace, which is the reason why it is metonymically called "Sakurada Gate".
Cairpre Gabra
Between the 5th and 12th centuries, an Irish sept claiming descent from Coirpre mac Néill ruled a barony of north Tethbae, called Cairpre Gabra. Their territory corresponds to the barony of Granard in modern county Longford in Ireland.

Kingdom of Meath
Meath (/miːð/ MEEDH; Modern Irish: Mí; Old Irish: Mide [ˈmʲiðʲe]) was a kingdom in Ireland from the 1st to the 12th century AD. Its name means "middle," denoting its location in the middle of the island.

At its greatest extent, it included all of County Meath (which takes its name from the kingdom), all of County Westmeath, and parts of counties Cavan, Dublin, Kildare, Longford, Louth and Offaly.
Idlib University
Idlib University (Arabic: ْجَامِعَةُ إِدْلِب, romanized: Jāmiʻatu Idlib) is a Syrian public university established in 2015.
In 2024, Idlib University ranked 18708 globally, according to Webometrics Ranking of World Universities.

Today, the number of university students has exceeded 18,000, and the university's teaching and administrative staff has exceeded 600 people.

It initially included several colleges and institutes, then opened new branches, colleges and departments in the following years. 
A branch of Idlib University was opened in Al-Dana in 2020, and another branch was opened in Salqin city in 2024.

Al-Dana, Syria
Al-Dana (Arabic: ٱلدَّانَا, romanized: ad-Dānā) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located north of Idlib, 38 kilometers west of Aleppo, and just east of the border with Turkey. Nearby localities include Sarmada to the southwest, Tell Elkarame to the south, Atarib to the southeast, Turmanin to the northeast, Salwah to the north and Qah to the northwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Dana had a population of 14,208 in the 2004 census. The town is also the administrative center of the al-Dana nahiyah consisting of thirteen villages with a combined population of 60,058. Al-Dana was notable for its indigo dye industry which has since disappeared.
Croatian folk dance
Croatian dance traditionally refers to a category of folk-dances, the most common being the kolo.

Croatian dance varies by region, and can be found in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. The traditional kolo is a circle dance, a relatively simple dance common throughout other Slavic countries in which dancers follow each other around the circle. Due to emigration, Croatian folk dance groups are prevalent throughout the diaspora, most notably the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany.

Music is a very important part of Croatian folk dance. The most commonly used instruments are the tamburica, lijerica, jedinka, šargija, gusle, bagpipe, and accordion. Today, kolo is danced at weddings, baptisms, holidays such as Easter, and ethnic festivals.

Croatian bagpipes
There are several types of Croatian bagpipes, they are:

Slavonske gajde - a bagpipe with double chanter and a single drone

Duda - a bagpipe with triple/quadruple chanter and a single drone. Two versions exist, one from Podravina and one from Bilogora

Istarski mih - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone

Dalmatinski mih - Diple - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone

Hercegovački mih - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone

Mih s Pelješca - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone

Surle - a bagpipe with double chanter and no drone
Zhou Dewei
Zhou Dewei (周德威) (died January 28, 919), courtesy name Zhenyuan (鎮遠), nickname Yangwu (陽五), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Jin (predecessor state to Later Tang).

Taihang Mountains
The Taihang Mountains (Chinese: 太行山; pinyin: Tàiháng Shān) are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces. The range extends over 400 kilometers (250 mi) from north to south and has an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 ft); its principal peak is Mount Xiaowutai. The Taihang's eastern peak is Mount Cangyan in Hebei; Baishi Mountain forms its northern tip.
Kallithea Palais des Sports
36°20′50″N 28°11′30″E﻿ / ﻿36.34708486°N 28.19154299°E﻿ / 36.34708486; 28.19154299

Kallithea Palais des Sports (Greek: Παλέ ντε Σπορ Καλλιθέας), is an indoor sporting arena that is located on the Greek island of Rhodes, in Faliraki, some 13 km away from Rhodes, Greece. The arena is mainly used to host basketball and volleyball games. The seating capacity of the arena is 3,400 people.

Rhodes (city)
Rhodes (/roʊdz/ ⓘ; Greek: Ρόδος, Ródos [ˈroðos]) is the principal city and a former municipality on the island of Rhodes in the Dodecanese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Rhodes, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It has a population of approximately 56,000 with nearly 90,000 in its metropolitan area. Rhodes has been famous since antiquity as the site of Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The citadel of Rhodes, built by the Hospitallers, is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe. The Medieval city is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Today, the city of Rhodes is an important Greek urban center and popular international tourist destination.
Javier Ramírez Sinués
Francisco Javier Ramírez Sinués (1898–1977) was a Spanish politician and official. In the mid-1930s he approached Carlism and in 1933 to 1935 he served as a Traditionalist deputy in the Cortes. He accepted the wartime political unification into Falange Española Tradicionalista. His career climaxed during early Francoism; in 1938 to 1939 he served as civil governor of the province of Soria, and in 1939 to 1943 he performed the same role in the province of Álava. After the mid-1940s he mostly withdrew into privacy, punctuated by sporadic demonstrations of support for the Alfonsist pretender Don Juan and for Franco.

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).
Shakir Mukhamadullin
Shakir Maratovich Mukhamadullin (Russian: Шакир Маратович Мухамадуллин; born 10 January 2002) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the  San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 20th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 2020 NHL entry draft.

2020 NHL entry draft
The 2020 NHL entry draft was the 58th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held from October 6–7, 2020. It was originally scheduled for June 26–27, 2020, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, but was postponed on March 25, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Alexis Lafreniere by the New York Rangers, Quinton Byfield by the Los Angeles Kings, and Tim Stutzle by the Ottawa Senators.
Spatial twist continuum
In finite element analysis, the spatial twist continuum (STC) is a dual representation of a hexahedral mesh that defines the global connectivity constraint. Generation of an STC can simplify the automated generation of a mesh.  The method was published in 1993 by a group led by Peter Murdoch.

The name is derived from the description of the surfaces that define the connectivity of the hexahedral elements. The surfaces are arranged in the three principal dimensions such that they form orthogonal intersections that coincide with the centroid of the hexahedral element. They are arranged predominately coplanar to each other in their respective dimensions yet they can twist into the other dimensional planes through transitions. The surfaces are unbroken throughout the entire volume of the mesh hence they are continuums.

Centroid
In mathematics and physics, the centroid, also known as geometric center or center of figure, of a plane figure or solid figure is the mean position of all the points in the figure. The same definition extends to any object in -dimensional Euclidean space.

In geometry, one often assumes uniform mass density, in which case the barycenter or center of mass coincides with the centroid. Informally, it can be understood as the point at which a cutout of the shape (with uniformly distributed mass) could be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pin.

In physics, if variations in gravity are considered, then a center of gravity can be defined as the weighted mean of all points weighted by their specific weight.

In geography, the centroid of a radial projection of a region of the Earth's surface to sea level is the region's geographical center.
Raymond McGuire
Raymond J. McGuire (born January 23, 1957) is an American investment banking executive. As of 2023 he is the president of the international financial services and investment banking firm Lazard, and is based in its New York headquarters. Previously, he worked for 15 years as a senior executive at Citigroup, following executive positions at Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley.

In 2021 he was a candidate in the New York City Democratic mayoral primary.

Wyeth
Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc. was a pharmaceutical company until it was purchased by Pfizer in 2009. The company was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1860 as John Wyeth and Brother. Its headquarters moved to Collegeville, Pennsylvania, and Madison, New Jersey, before its headquarters were consolidated with Pfizer's in New York City after the 2009 merger.

Wyeth manufactured over-the-counter (OTC) drugs Robitussin and the analgesic Advil (ibuprofen) as well as prescription drugs Premarin and Effexor.
Moilang
Moilang (Modern Meitei: Moirang) is a group of people, which is recognized as one of the seven Yek Salai clans of the composite Meitei confederacy. Moirang consists of many several Yumnaks which are native peoples of ancient Kangleipak (now Manipur), one of the states of India. Moirang has a classical cultural heritage as reflected in Khamba and Thoibi.

Kangleipak
Kangleipak was an ancient, lesser known civilisation, consisting of the modern day Manipur, India which is still known to some residents as Kangleipak, and other neighbouring regions. The Kangla served as the foremost capital city of this realm from the 15th century BCE, up to medieval times.
Chiconcuac de Juárez
Chiconcuac de Juárez, typically referred to simply as Chiconcuac, is a town and municipio (municipality) in the state of Mexico, approximately 10 kilometers north of Texcoco de Mora. The name Chiconcuac derives from the Aztec word Chicome Coatl, “Seven snakes”, which was a date on the Aztec calendar.

Aztec calendar
The Aztec or Mexica calendar is the calendrical system used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout the region.

The Aztec sun stone, often erroneously called the calendar stone, is on display at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.
The actual Aztec calendar consists of a 365-day calendar cycle called xiuhpōhualli (year count), and a 260-day ritual cycle called tōnalpōhualli (day count). These two cycles together form a 52-year "century", sometimes called the "calendar round". The xiuhpōhualli is considered to be the agricultural calendar, since it is based on the sun, and the tōnalpōhualli is considered to be the sacred calendar.
Coalescence (chemistry)
In chemistry, coalescence is a process in which two phase domains of the same composition come together and form a larger phase domain.  In other words, the process by which two or more separate masses of miscible substances
seem to "pull" each other together should they make the slightest 
contact.

Miscibility
Miscibility (/ˌmɪsɪˈbɪlɪti/) is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution). Such substances are said to be miscible (etymologically equivalent to the common term "mixable"). The term is most often applied to liquids, but also applies to solids and gases. An example in liquids is the miscibility of water and ethanol as they mix in all proportions.

By contrast, substances are said to be immiscible if the mixture does not form a solution for certain proportions. For one example, oil is not soluble in water, so these two solvents are immiscible. As another example, butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) is immiscible in water: it is soluble in water up to about 275 grams per liter, but will separate into two phases beyond that.
Andreas Wallraff
Andreas Wallraff is a German physicist who conducts research in quantum information processing and quantum optics. He has taught as a professor at ETH Zurich in Zurich, Switzerland since 2006. He worked as a research scientist with Robert J. Schoelkopf at Yale University from 2002 to 2005, during which time he performed experiments in which the coherent interaction of a single photon with a single quantum electronic circuit was observed for the first time. His current work at ETH Zurich focuses on hybrid quantum systems combining superconducting electronic circuits with semiconductor quantum dots and individual Rydberg atoms as well as quantum error correction with superconducting qubits.

He has contributed primarily to the field of quantum information science, particularly in superconducting quantum computing and hybrid quantum systems.

Robert J. Schoelkopf
Robert John Schoelkopf III (born January 24, 1964) is an American physicist, most noted for his work on quantum computing as one of the inventors of superconducting qubits. Schoelkopf's main research areas are quantum transport, single-electron devices, and charge dynamics in nanostructures. His research utilizes  quantum-effect and single-electron devices, both for fundamental physical studies and for applications. Techniques often include high-speed, high-sensitivity measurements performed on nanostructures at low temperatures. Schoelkopf serves as director of the Yale Center for Microelectronic Materials and Structures and as associate director of the Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering. Since 2014, Schoelkopf is also the Director of the Yale Quantum Institute. He is Professor of Physics and Sterling Professor of Applied Physics at Yale University. The title of Sterling Professor is the highest honor bestowed upon Yale faculty.
Shutts Copse
Shutts Copse is a  5-hectare (12-acre) nature reserve north of West Meon in Hampshire. It is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust.

This small wood has a ground layer of wild flowers, such as primroses and bluebells. There is a healthy population of dormice and birds include coal tits, tawny owls and great spotted woodpeckers.

Coal tit
The coal tit (Periparus ater) is a passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae. It is a widespread and common resident breeder in forests throughout the temperate to subtropical Palearctic, including North Africa. The black-crested tit is now included in this species.
Kenneth Lamplugh
The Rt Rev Kenneth Edward Norman Lamplugh (9 November 1901 – 2 October 1979) was the eighth Suffragan Bishop of Southampton.

He was educated at  King's College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1926 he began his career with  curacies at Lambeth and Pietermaritzburg. He was then Vicar of St Mary's, Durban and after that Hartley Wintney. From 1942 he was Rural Dean of Lyndhurst and then (his final appointment before elevation to the Episcopate) Archdeacon of Lincoln.  He died on 2 October 1979.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Billancourt Studios
Billancourt Studios was a film studio in Paris which operated between 1922 and 1992. Located in Boulogne-Billancourt, it was one of the leading French studios. It was founded in the silent era by Henri Diamant-Berger. During the Second World War the studio was used by Continental Films, a company financed by the German occupiers. They are also known as the Paris-Studio-Cinéma. They should not be confused with the nearby Boulogne Studios.

Henri Diamant-Berger
Henri Diamant-Berger (9 June 1895 – 7 May 1972) was a French director, producer and screenwriter. In a career that lasted more than 50 years, he directed 48 films between 1913 and 1959, produced 17 between 1925 and 1967 and wrote 21 screenplays between 1916 and 1971.
Kalmora
Kalmora, or The Paternal Right of the Americans (Polish: Kalmora, czyli prawo ojcowskie Amerykanów) is a Polish-language opera (melodrama) in 2 acts by Karol Kurpiński. The libretto was written by Kazimierz Brodziński. Its first performance took place on 10 March 1820.

The complete score of the overture was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig in 1825 or 1826 as Kurpiński's Opus 14. The complete score of the whole opera (or at least some parts) is located in the library of the Warsaw Music Society Stanisław Moniuszko.

Breitkopf & Härtel
Breitkopf & Härtel (German pronunciation: [ˈbraɪtkɔpf ʔʊnt ˈhɛrtəl]) is a German music publishing house. Founded in 1719 in Leipzig by Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf, it is the world's oldest music publisher.
Renewable energy in Taiwan
Renewable energy in Taiwan contributed to 16.8% of national electricity generation as of 2024. Taiwan used renewables to generate 30.02 TWh in 2024. The total installed capacity of renewable energy in Taiwan by the end of 2013 was 3.76 GW.

As of 2021, Taiwan had set a target to generate 20% of its energy from renewable sources by 2025, an increase from the 5% achieved in 2020. This plan is part of a broader policy to reduce coal usage, enhance the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG), and transition towards a "nuclear-free homeland." The strategy includes adding 5.7 GW of offshore wind power and increasing solar energy capacity to 20 GW by 2025.

Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA; Chinese: 經濟部; pinyin: Jīngjìbù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Keng-chè-pō͘) is the ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) responsible for formulating policy and laws for industry and trade, foreign direct investment, energy, minerals, measurement standards, intellectual property, state-owned enterprises. The ministry is a cabinet level government agency of the Executive Yuan.

The executive agency promotes industrial and economic policies which allows economic activity and growth, increased employment and investments in sector which are critical to Taiwan's economy. Taiwan's main exports are electronics, computers, telecommunications equipment, industrial design services, creative and cultural industries.
Battle of Inverlochy (1645)
56°49′52″N 5°04′44″W﻿ / ﻿56.831°N 5.079°W﻿ / 56.831; -5.079

The Battle of Inverlochy occurred on 2 February 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, when a Royalist force of Highlanders and Confederate Irish troops under the overall command of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, routed and largely destroyed the pursuing forces of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, who had been encamped under the walls of Inverlochy Castle.

After being researched, the area was designated as a battlefield by Historic Scotland in 2011.

Historic Scotland
Historic Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba Aosmhor) was an executive agency of the Scottish Office and later the Scottish Government from 1991 to 2015, responsible for safeguarding Scotland's built heritage and promoting its understanding and enjoyment. Under the terms of a Bill of the Scottish Parliament published on 3 March 2014, Historic Scotland was dissolved and its functions were transferred to Historic Environment Scotland (HES) on 1 October 2015. HES also took over the functions of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.