hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bundesautobahn 44
Bundesautobahn 44 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 44, short form Autobahn 44, abbreviated as BAB 44 or A 44) is a German Autobahn. It consists of three main sections and a few smaller sections. It begins in Aachen at the German–Belgian border (Belgian motorway A3) and ends near Kassel (Bundesautobahn 7). Before German unification it was a regional motorway. In the 1990s, it became an integral part of the German motorway system. The A 44 is a heavily-used link between the Rhine-Ruhr-Area and the new German states, especially Thuringia, and also eastern European states like Poland.

A3 motorway (Belgium)
The A3 is a Belgian motorway (mainly classified as the E40) extending from the east of Brussels (Boulevard Reyers), through Leuven, onwards to Liège. Just past the ring of Liège, the motorway continues to Verviers, Eupen and the German border.

The section between Liège (intersection of Hauts-Sarts) and the German border is part of the King Baudouin Motorway (Baldwin König Autobahn in German and Koning Boudewijnsnelweg in Dutch). Crossing the Hesbaye (French) or Haspengouw (Dutch), the Walloon section between Leuven and Liège is named the Hesbignonne.
Leslie Kaplan
Leslie Kaplan (born 1943) is an American-born French writer.

She was born in New York City and grew up in Paris. She studied philosophy, history and psychology and then worked for two years in a factory. Kaplan took part in the events of May 1968. She published her first book in 1982 L'Excès-l'usine, which received favourable comments from authors Marguerite Duras and Maurice Blanchot.

Maurice Blanchot
Maurice Blanchot (/blɑːnˈʃoʊ/ blahn-SHOH; French: [blɑ̃ʃo]; 22 September 1907 – 20 February 2003) was a French writer, philosopher and literary theorist. His work, exploring a philosophy of death alongside poetic theories of meaning and sense, bore significant influence on post-structuralist philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Nancy.
Astrolabe Needle
Astrolabe Needle (64°8′S 62°36′W﻿ / ﻿64.133°S 62.600°W﻿ / -64.133; -62.600) is a conspicuous monolith rising 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level south of Claude Point, Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was discovered by the 1903–1905 French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot and named after the Astrolabe, one of the ships of the 1837–1840 French expedition under Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville.

Monolith
A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid igneous or metamorphic rock. Some monoliths are volcanic plugs, solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano.

In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, which is normally used for prehistory, and may be used in the contexts of rock-cut architecture that remains attached to solid rock, as in monolithic church, or for exceptionally large stones such as obelisks, statues, monolithic columns or large architraves, that may have been moved a considerable distance after quarrying. It may also be used of large glacial erratics moved by natural forces.

The word derives, via the Latin monolithus, from the Ancient Greek word μονόλιθος (monólithos), from μόνος (mónos) meaning "one" or "single" and λίθος (líthos) meaning "stone".
Cattle mutilation
Cattle mutilation is the killing and mutilation of cattle under supposedly unusual, usually bloodless circumstances. Reportedly removed parts often include an ear, eyeball, jaw flesh, tongue, lymph nodes, genitals and rectum.  Reports began in the late 1960s and continued into the 1980s.  In that era, mutilations were the subject of multiple independent investigations in the United States.

Many so-called mutilations are explainable as natural decomposition and normal predation.  Multiple lines of evidence suggest some of the deaths might have been the result of an organized effort.  Meanwhile, conspiracy theorists suggest cults, aliens, or  cryptids (such as the chupacabra) were responsible.

New Mexico State Police
The New Mexico State Police (NMSP) is the law enforcement agency under the New Mexico Department of Public Safety in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It has jurisdiction anywhere in the state, often working in tandem with local and federal law enforcement. Founded in 1905, NMSP's official mission is to protect the lives, property and constitutional rights of the people of New Mexico.
R1 plasmid
The R1 plasmid is a plasmid that was first isolated from Salmonella paratyphi bacteria in 1963. It is a short plasmid, composed of 97,566 nucleotides and 120 genes, that belongs to the IncFII plasmid group. There are about one to two copies of the R1 plasmid per chromosome. 
The R1 plasmid imparts multi-drug antibiotic resistance to its host bacteria. The "R" in "R1" stands for "resistance", and the R1 plasmid contains resistance factors, or R factors, giving it the power to resist certain antibiotics.

It's known as a "low copy" plasmid, meaning that it exists in relatively few copies in any given bacteria. This characteristic allows the R1 plasmid to have an efficient plasmid stabilization system, that aids in stabilizing medium copy number plasmids.  R1 must rely on a "Type II" segregation system. This plasmid system ensures that at least one copy is contained in each daughter cell after cell division.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a subspecies of Salmonella enterica, the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. Many of the pathogenic serovars of the S. enterica species are in this subspecies, including that responsible for typhoid.
HMS Scipion
Two ships of the British Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Scipion, after the French term for the Roman general Scipio Africanus:

HMS Scipion (1793) a 74-gun third rate, previously the French Téméraire-class ship of the line Scipion. She was handed over to the British in 1793, and was burnt by accident later that year.

HMS Scipion was the French 74-gun third rate Scipion, which the British captured in 1805; she was broken up in 1819.

French ship Scipion (1801)
Scipion was a 74-gun French ship of the line, built at Lorient to a design by Jacques Noel Sane. She was laid down as Orient in late 1798, and renamed Scipion in 1801. She was first commissioned in 1802 and joined the French Mediterranean fleet based at Toulon, in the squadron of Admiral Leissègues. Consequently, she was one of the ships afloat in that port when war with England reopened in May 1803. She participated in the Battle of Cape Finisterre and the Battle of Trafalgar. The British captured her in the subsequent Battle of Cape Ortegal. In 1810 she participated in the Java campaign, which in 1847 earned her surviving crew the Naval General Service Medal. She participated in the blockade of Toulon in 1813 and was paid off in 1814. She was broken up in 1819.
Shahsavar, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Shahsavar (Persian: شهسوار, also Romanized as Shahsavār) is a village in Manj Rural District, Manj District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 16 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Hubert W. Woodruff
Hubert W. Woodruff (July 14, 1923 – September 14, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician.

Woodruff was born in Onida, South Dakota. In 1940, he moved to Peoria, Illinois with his family and graduated from Peoria Central High School in 1941. He served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II and was commissioned a lieutenant commander. Woodruff went to the University of West Virginia. He graduated from Bradley University in 1947 and the University of Illinois College of Law in 1949. Woodruff was admitted to the Illinois bar and practiced law in Peoria, Illinois. Woodruff served in the Illinois Senate from 1957 to 1961 and was a Republican. In 1963, Woodruff, his wife, and family moved to Salem, Illinois where he continued to practice law. Woodruff died in Salem, Illinois.

University of Illinois College of Law
The University of Illinois College of Law at Urbana-Champaign is the law school of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, a public land-grant research university in Champaign and Urbana, Illinois. It was established in 1897 and offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees. The law school is located on the south end of the main University of Illinois campus in Champaign, near Memorial Stadium and the State Farm Center.
Norm Rogers (rugby league)
Norm Rogers (22 November 1922 – 6 October 1989) was a rugby league footballer in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. Rogers, a centre, played for the Eastern Suburbs club in the years 1946–49. Rogers is the father of Olympic swimmers Greg and Neil Rogers.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Battle of Tsarichanka (1709)
The Battle of Tsarichanka was a battle that took place in March 1709 between the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Kost Hordiyenko and the 3,000-strong Russian unit of brigadier Kampell, during the Swedish campaign in Ukraine as a part of Great Northern War. The Cossacks of Hordiyenko inflicted a defeat on Kampell's unit and forced it to withdraw.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Daniela di Giacomo
Daniela Anette di Giacomo di Giovanni (born May 15, 1985) is a Venezuelan TV host, journalist, radio host, model and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss Venezuela International 2005 and then Miss International 2006 in China. She worked on Venezuelan channel Televen for a long time and now works for Univision in the United States.

Her victory in the 46th edition of Miss International, held in Beijing, China, earned Venezuela its fifth title in the pageant's history, making it the most successful country to date. She bested 51 other delegates to wear the pageant's newly unveiled crystal crown, rather than the traditional pearl crown.

Di Giacomo received as a prize a ¥3,000,000 check, a Maki Diamond tiara with 637 diamonds and a Tokuda Yasokichi III kutani blue ceramic trophy.

Televen
Televen (a contraction of Televisión Venezolana and legally known as Corporación Televen C.A.) is a private Venezuelan national television network headquartered on the Caracas neighborhood of Horizonte. For this reason it is also called 'Canal de Horizonte'. Televen was inaugurated on July 10, 1988, by Omar Camero Zamora and T Radioven, S.A. As an alternative for the two-leading-private television channels, Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV) and Venevision, Televen distanced itself from this trend and made a different oriented programming in some cases the middle classes who do not usually watch TV and it was open and being composed of talk shows, sports, movies, a full range of series, mainly American, and Brazilian, Colombian, Mexican, and U.S. Hispanic telenovelas, and in the 1990s, anime.
With Love (2018 film)
With Love (French: L'Amour) is a Canadian thriller film, directed by Marc Bisaillon and released in 2018. Based on the 2006 murder spree of Stephen Marshall, the film stars Pierre-Luc Lafontaine as Alex, a young man who travels to Maine under the pretext of visiting his father (Paul Doucet), but is instead planning to use the state's sex offender registry to track down and murder sex offenders; meanwhile, his mother Rose (Fanny Mallette), having awareness of his intentions, travels to Maine to try to stop him.

The film premiered at the Festival du cinéma international en Abitibi-Témiscamingue in October 2018.

The film received three Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019, for Best Supporting Actor (Doucet), Best Original Screenplay (Bisaillon) and Best Overall Sound (Stéphane Barsalou and Bernard Gariépy Strobl).

Canadian Screen Award for Best Sound Mixing
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Achievement in Sound Mixing is awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to the best work by a sound designer in a Canadian film. Formerly known as Best Overall Sound, it was renamed to Best Sound Mixing at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021.
NGC 806
NGC 806 is a spiral galaxy approximately 166 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered by American astronomer Lewis A. Swift on November 1, 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.

Lewis A. Swift
Lewis A. Swift (February 29, 1820 – January 5, 1913) was an American astronomer who discovered 13 comets and 1,248 previously uncatalogued nebulae. Only William Herschel discovered more nebulae visually.
Gorna Bela Crkva
Gorna Bela Crkva (Macedonian: Горна Бела Црква, meaning Upper White Church; Albanian: Bollocërkë e Sipërme; Turkish: Yukarı Bela Tsırkva) is a village in the Resen Municipality of the Republic of North Macedonia, north of Lake Prespa. The village is situated under 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the municipal centre of Resen.

Resen, North Macedonia
Resen (Macedonian: Ресен [ˈrɛːsɛn] ⓘ) is a town in southwestern North Macedonia, with just under 9,000 inhabitants. Resen is approximately equidistant between Bitola and Ohrid. The town rises 880 metres (2,887 feet) above sea level and is situated near Lake Prespa. Resen is the only town in the Prespa Lake area and is the seat of Resen Municipality.
Acacia fodinalis
Acacia fodinalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to central eastern Queensland, Australia. It is a tree with glabrous, reddish branchlets, mostly glabrous, sickle-shaped phyllodes, spikes of golden yellow flowers and linear pods prominently raised over the seeds.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Resignation of Raeesah Khan
In August 2021, Raeesah Khan, then a Member of Parliament (MP) for Sengkang Group Representation Constituency (GRC), falsely alleged that a police officer inappropriately commented about a rape victim she had been accompanying to make a police report. Claiming confidentiality concerns, she did not reveal additional details when prompted to do so by government ministers and the police.

That November, Raeesah would admit to having fabricated the account and resign from both Parliament and the Workers' Party (WP). Further investigations implicated the WP leadership in the case; vice-chairperson Faisal Manap was formally warned by the police and leader Pritam Singh was fined S$7,000 on each of two counts of lying to Parliament. Owing to his conviction, Singh was removed in January 2026 by Prime Minister Lawrence Wong as the Leader of the Opposition after Leader of the House Indranee Rajah proposed a successful motion to declare him unsuitable for the position.

Leader of the House (Singapore)
The leader of the House is a position responsible for arranging government business in the Parliament of Singapore. The leader of the House initiate motions concerning the business of the House during parliamentary sittings, such as actions to be taken on procedural matters and extending sitting times. The incumbent leader of the House is Pasir Ris–Changi GRC MP, Indranee Rajah.
You're Not in Kansas Anymore
"You're Not in Kansas Anymore" is a song written by Tim Nichols and Zack Turner, and recorded by American country music artist Jo Dee Messina. It was released on June 24, 1996 as the second single from her eponymous debut album. The song reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

Jo Dee Messina
Jo Dee Marie Messina (born August 25, 1970) is an American country music artist. She has charted six number-one singles on the Billboard country music charts. She has been honored by the Country Music Association and the Academy of Country Music, and has been nominated for two Grammy Awards. She was the first female country artist to score three multiple-week number-one songs from the same album. To date, she has two platinum and three gold-certified albums by the RIAA.

Messina debuted in 1996 with the single "Heads Carolina, Tails California." Her album was certified gold by the RIAA. Her second album, I'm Alright, produced five top-10 country hits between 1998 and 1999, and sold over a million copies in America. Since her debut, six of her singles have peaked at number one on the Billboard country singles chart and five of her albums have received a certification by the RIAA or the CRIA. She has sold over 5 million records worldwide.
Chlorophyllide a reductase
Chlorophyllide a reductase (EC 1.3.7.15), also known as COR, is an enzyme with systematic name bacteriochlorophyllide-a:ferredoxin 7,8-oxidoreductase.  It catalyses the following chemical reaction

This reduction, (with trans stereochemistry) of the sidechains in the pyrrole ring, gives the characteristic 18-electron aromatic system that distinguishes bacteriochlorophylls from chlorophylls, which retain the chlorin system of chlorophyllide a. The enzyme uses ferredoxin and adenosine triphosphate as cofactors and gives adenosine diphosphate and phosphate (Pi) as byproducts.

This enzyme is present in purple bacteria such as Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Pseudomonadota. It is a component of the biosynthetic pathway to bacteriochlorophylls.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
Rocky Morton
Rocky Morton (born 1955) is an English music video, television, and film director. He is the co-creator of the TV series Max Headroom and co-director of the 1993 Hollywood Pictures film Super Mario Bros. Various music videos by Tom Tom Club, Talking Heads, Gravity Kills, Orgy, George Harrison and Miles Davis are credited to Morton. He and his then-partner, Annabel Jankel, made their television debut with the original Max Headroom: 20 Minutes into the Future, and its Americanized version. The duo made their big-screen debut with D.O.A., starring Dennis Quaid and Meg Ryan.

Orgy (band)
Orgy is an American rock band formed in 1997, from Los Angeles, California. The band is best known for their cover version of the New Order song "Blue Monday", and their original song "Stitches", both from their 1998 album Candyass. In 2000, they released their second album, Vapor Transmission, with "Fiction (Dreams in Digital)", "Opticon", and "Eva" as singles.
Technology Academy Finland
Technology Academy Finland (formerly Millennium Prize Foundation and Finnish Technology Award Foundation) is an independent foundation established in 2003 by Finnish industry and the Government of Finland in partnership.

The foundation's objectives include promoting Finland as a high-tech country by strengthening and bringing together domestic and international networks, actively participating in public discussion and encouraging children and young people to study technology, natural sciences and mathematics. Technology Academy Finland's actions reflect the principles of Corporate social responsibility (CSR), and it is a participant of United Nations Global Compact initiative.

Technology Academy Finland awards the biennial, 1-million euro Millennium Technology Prize and grants other rewards  The foundation also runs associated events like Millennium Innovation Forum.
The patron of the Millennium Technology Prize is the President of Finland.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
Yauzsky Boulevard
The Yauzsky Boulevard (Russian: Я́узский бульва́р) is a major boulevard in central Moscow. The boulevard runs from Vorontsovo Pole Street and Pokrovsky Boulevard down to Moskvoretskaya Embankment at the Yauza River, whence comes the name of the boulevard. It's the end of the important Boulevard Ring, an orbital ring filled with many boulevards.

55°45′09″N 37°38′48″E﻿ / ﻿55.75250°N 37.64667°E﻿ / 55.75250; 37.64667

Boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway or wide road in a commercial district.

In Europe, boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.

In North American usage, boulevards may be wide, multi-lane thoroughfares divided with only a central median.