hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wooky Roberts
Wolcott A. "Wooky" Roberts (September 1, 1897 – August 27, 1951) was an American professional football player during the early years of the National Football League (NFL).  Roberts won two NFL championships with the Canton Bulldogs in 1922 and 1923, one with the Cleveland Bulldogs in 1924, and another with the Frankford Yellow Jackets in 1926.

He played college football for the Navy Midshipmen football team while attending the United States Naval Academy.  After the 1918 season, he was selected as a consensus first-team halfback on the 1918 College Football All-America Team.

Before enrolling at the Naval Academy, Roberts was a student at Colgate University. After completing his service in the Navy, he worked as a structural engineer with the Industrial Power Equipment Company in Philadelphia.  He died at his home in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, in August 1951 at age 53.

Cleveland Bulldogs
The Cleveland Bulldogs were a team that played in Cleveland, Ohio in the National Football League. They were originally called the Indians in 1923, not to be confused with the Cleveland Indians NFL franchise in 1922. However, after team owner Samuel Deutsch purchased the Canton Bulldogs in 1924, he merged the Canton team with his Indians and renamed his franchise the Cleveland Bulldogs. The Canton Bulldogs remained a part of the team until 1925, when they were sold back to Canton. The Cleveland Bulldogs played in the NFL until 1928 when they were relocated to Detroit and became the Detroit Wolverines. The team was later incorporated into the New York Giants in 1929. The Cleveland Bulldogs won the 1924 NFL championship.
Hunanese people
The Hunanese people (Chinese: 湖南人; pinyin: Húnán rén; Xiang Chinese pronunciation: [/ɸu¹³ l̃an¹³ ʐən¹³/]), also known as Xiang people or Xiang-speaking Chinese, are a Han Chinese ethnic subgroup originating from Hunan province in China who speak Xiang Chinese. Some Xiang-speaking people are also found in the adjacent provinces of certain areas of Guilin, Guangxi and Guizhou.

Wang Fuzhi
Wang Fuzhi (Chinese: 王夫之; pinyin: Wáng Fūzhī; Wade–Giles: Wang2 Fu1-chih1; 1619–1692), courtesy name Ernong (而農), pseudonym Chuanshan (船山), was a Chinese essayist, historian, and philosopher of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
The Valiant (1929 film)
The Valiant is a 1929 American sound (All-Talking) pre-Code drama film released by Fox Film Corporation in the Fox Movietone sound-on-film system on May 19, 1929. It is produced and directed by William K. Howard (his first sound film) and stars Paul Muni (in his film debut), Marguerite Churchill (in her feature film debut), and John Mack Brown. Although described by at least one source as a silent film containing talking sequences, synchronized music, and sound effects, The Valiant has continuous dialogue and is a full "talkie" made without a corresponding silent version.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Ngizim people
The Ngizim people (Ngizmawa, Ngezzim, Ngijim, Ngujam, Ngazar, Nkazzar, Ngisam) live in Yobe State, northeastern Nigeria. As of 1993, there were an estimated 100,000 Ngizim. The tribe lives primarily in Potiskum, the largest city in Yobe State and originally a Ngizim town, as well as the areas to the east and south of the city. Ngizim populations once inhabited parts of Borno and Jigawa states, but have since lost their cultural identity after being assimilated into other ethnic groups. The Ngizim speak a Chadic language also called Ngizim.

Jihad of Usman dan Fodio
The  Jihad of  Usman dan Fodio (Hausa: Jihadin Usman dan Fodio; ListenⓘListenⓘ) was a religio-military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon.  The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by King Yunfa, one of his former students.

Usman dan Fodio assembled an Islamic army to lead a jihad against Gobir and other Hausa Kingdoms of northern Nigeria.  The forces of Usman dan Fodio slowly took over more and more of the Hausa kingdoms, capturing Gobir in 1808 and executing Yunfa.  The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, initially headed by Usman dan Fodio himself, which became one of the largest states in Africa in the 19th century. His success inspired similar jihads in Western Africa.
Nagorsk
Nagorsk (Russian: Нагорск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Nagorsky District of Kirov Oblast, Russia. Population:  4,903 (2010 Census); 5,138 (2002 Census); 5,824 (1989 Soviet census).

Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Russian: Кировская область, romanized: Kirovskaya oblast', IPA: [ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Yastıktepe, Kemah
Yastıktepe (Kurdish: Perçenç) is a village in the Kemah District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Tahsuran tribe and had a population of 54 in 2022.

The hamlet of Kızılyazı is attached to the village.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
Aleksander Michał Lubomirski (d. 1675)
Prince Aleksander Michał Lubomirski (died 1675) was a Polish noble (szlachcic).

Aleksander owned cities and estates of Dąbrowa and Otwinów. He was starost of Perejesław and Nowy Sącz.

He married Katarzyna Anna Sapieha, who was Paweł Jan Sapieha's daughter.

Pereiaslav
Pereiaslav is a historical city in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast, central Ukraine. It is located near the confluence of the Alta and Trubizh rivers some 95 km (59.03 mi) southeast of the capital Kyiv. It was one of the key regional centers of power during the Middle Ages and served as the capital of a principality. Pereiaslav hosts the administration of Pereiaslav urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 26,273 (2022 estimate).

Possessing more than 20 museums, Pereiaslav is often described as a "living museum", and was granted the status of Historical and Ethnographic Reserve.
Government database
A government database collects information for various reasons, including climate monitoring, securities law compliance, geological surveys, patent applications and grants, surveillance, national security, border control, law enforcement, public health, voter registration, vehicle registration, social security, and statistics.

Protection of Freedoms Act 2012
The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (c. 9) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

As the Protection of Freedoms Bill, it was introduced in February 2011, by the Home Secretary, Theresa May. The bill was sponsored by the Home Office. On Tuesday, 1 May 2012, the Protection of Freedoms Bill completed its passage through Parliament and received royal assent.
Sagittariidae
Sagittariidae is a family of raptor with one living species—the secretarybird (Sagittarius serpentarius) native to Africa—and a few fossil taxa.

This single extant species has affected the fossil record of the group by ‘pulling’ the temporal range of the family to the present, an artifact called the Pull of the recent.

German naturalists Otto Finsch and Gustav Hartlaub established the taxon name as a subfamily—Sagittariinae—in 1870. Although their term postdated Gypogeranidae of Vigors (1825) and Serpentariidae of Selys Longchamps (1842), the genus name Sagittarius (described in 1783) had priority over Gypogeranus Illiger, 1811 and Serpentarius Cuvier, 1798.

Edmond de Sélys Longchamps
Baron Michel Edmond de Selys Longchamps (25 May 1813 – 11 December 1900) was a Belgian Liberal Party politician and scientist. Selys Longchamps has been regarded as the founding figure of odonatology, the study of the dragonflies and damselflies. His wealth and influence enabled him to amass one of the finest collections of neuroptera insects and to describe many species from around the world. His collection is housed in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences.
SS Laksnes
Laksnes was a 1,587 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1927 by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg, Germany as Marquardt Petersen for German owners. She was sold in 1935 and renamed Sexta. Another sale in 1938 saw her renamed Annelis Christophersen.

She was seized by the Allies in 1945. Annelis Christophersen was passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Concern. In 1946, she was passed to the Norwegian Government and renamed Laksnes. She ran aground on 27 November 1946 and subsequently sank.

Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources. It was formed by merging the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport, bringing responsibility for both shipping and land transport to a single department, and easing problems of co-ordination of transport in wartime.

The MoWT was founded on 1 May 1941, when Lord Leathers was appointed Minister of War Transport. Following the general election of July 1945, Alfred Barnes was appointed Minister of War Transport, remaining in the post after the department was renamed the Ministry of Transport in April 1946.
Rajesh Chaudhary
Rajesh Chaudhary is an Indian politician who is serving as Member of 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Mant Assembly. In 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he won by defeating eight time MLA Shyam Sunder Sharma with 83,958 votes.

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh from 10 February to 7 March 2022 in seven phases to elect all 403 members for the 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.
Lake Butig National Park
Lake Butig National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located in the municipality of Butig, Lanao del Sur in Mindanao Island. The park spans an area of 68 hectares comprising Lake Butig and its surrounding forest. It was declared a national park in 1965 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4190.

Lanao del Sur
Lanao del Sur (Filipino: Timog Lanao; Meranaw and Iranun: Pagabagatan Ranao; Jawi (Batang Arab):  لاناو الجنوبى‎), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi (the most populous in the province), and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.

Situated in the interior of Lanao del Sur is Lake Lanao, the largest lake in Mindanao.
Taawʼt Bato language
Taawʼt Bato (Tauʼt Batu) is one of several closely related languages spoken on Palawan Island in the Philippines. It is spoken by the indigenous peoples of Taawʼt Bato on the municipal boundary of Rizal, Quezon, and Brooke's Point in Palawan province also known as the Singnapan Valley.

Rizal, Palawan
Rizal, officially the Municipality of Dr. Jose P. Rizal, (Tagalog: Bayan ng Rizal), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 59,040 people.

The municipality is home to the Singnapan charcoal petrographs.
Zlín Z-XII
The Zlín Z-XII is a Czechoslovak two-seat sports aircraft, and the first major design success by the Zlínská Letecká Akciová Společnost (Zlín) aircraft manufacturing company, after its founding in Otrokovice after the takeover by the Bata Group.

Otrokovice
Otrokovice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈotrokovɪtsɛ]; German: Otrokowitz) is a town in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 17,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Morava River and is known as an industrial centre, with a tradition in the production of shoes and tyres.
Hoppegarten (Mark) station
Hoppegarten (Mark) (simply known as Hoppegarten) is a railway station located in Hoppegarten, in the Märkisch-Oderland district of Brandenburg. It is served by the S-Bahn line S5.

During peak hours, every 2nd train terminates at this station.

S5 (Berlin)
S5 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Strausberg Nord to Westkreuz over:

the Strausberg–Strausberg Nord line, completed in 1955 and electrified in 1956,

a section of the Prussian Eastern line, opened on 1 October 1866 and electrified on 6 November 1928,

the Stadtbahn, opened on 7 February 1882 and electrified on 11 June 1928.
Aousja
Aousja also spelled Ousja or Aousdja (Tunisian Arabic: عوسجة) is a small town and commune located in Ghar El Melh district in the Bizerte Governorate of northern Tunisia, between El Alia and Ras Jebel, 48 kilometers north of Tunis. As of 2014 it had a population of 5,126 inhabitants.

60% of the male population of Aousja works in the culture of potatoes, their average salary being about 180 dinars per month. Since 1998 a potato festival has been held annually in July, to the producer of the largest potato is awarded.

Furthermore, 35% of women work in the textile industry.

Bizerte Governorate
Bizerte Governorate (Arabic: ولاية بنزرت Wilāyat Benzart pronounced [bɑnˈzɑrt]; French: Gouvernorat de Bizerte) is the northernmost of the 24 governorates of Tunisia. It is in northern Tunisia, approximately rectangular and having a long north coast. It covers an area of 3,750 km2 including two large lakes, one coastal hence saline and one freshwater being the World Heritage Site, Ichkeul lake. It had a population of 607,388 (2024). The capital is Bizerte which stands principally on inlet between Bizerte lake and the Mediterranean. The offshore Galite Islands are part of the governorate, as are the ruins of the ancient city of Utica.
Rawdah Mohamed
Rawdah Mohamed is a Norwegian-Somali model, Instagram model, blogger, healthcare professional and activist. She is known for her street style modelling and also regarded as a prominent advocate for the rights of Muslim women. She is currently represented by the model management company The Society Management. In April 2021, she started the hashtag campaign #Handsoffmyhijab, which became trending in social media.

The Society Management
The Society Management, or more commonly referred to as The Society or simply just Society, is a talent management and modelling agency based in New York City. It was established in 2013 and serves as the official U.S. division of the Elite World Group.
Song (Chinese surname)
Song is the pinyin transliteration of the Chinese family name 宋. It is transliterated as Sung in Wade-Giles, and Soong is also a common transliteration. In addition to being a common surname, it is also the name of a Chinese dynasty, the Song dynasty, written with the same character.

In 2019, it was the 24th most common surname in Mainland China.

Song (state)
Song was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty with its capital at Shangqiu. The state was founded soon after King Wu of Zhou conquered the Shang dynasty to establish the Zhou dynasty in 1046 BC. It was conquered by the state of Qi in 286 BC, during the Warring States period. Confucius is traditionally considered to have been a descendant of a Song nobleman who moved to the state of Lu.
Advertising postcard
An advertising postcard is a postcard used for advertising purposes (as opposed to a tourism or greeting postcard). Postcards are used in advertising as an alternative to or to complement other print advertising such as catalogs, letters, and flyers. Advertising postcards may be mailed or distributed in other ways.

Flyer (pamphlet)
A flyer (or flier) is a form of paper advertisement intended for wide distribution and typically posted or distributed in a public place, handed out to individuals or sent through the mail. Today, flyers range from inexpensively photocopied leaflets to expensive, glossy, full-color circulars. Flyers in a digital format can be shared on the internet.
Dokka
Dokka is the administrative centre of Nordre Land Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the confluence of the rivers Dokka and Etna, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the lake Randsfjorden, the fourth largest lake in Norway. The Østsinni Church is located on the north edge of the village.

The 3.45-square-kilometre (850-acre) village has a population (2024) of 2,944 and a population density of 853 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,210/sq mi).

The Norwegian County Road 33 runs from Odnes in the southeast through Dokka, past Nordsinni and westwards to Etnedal and Bjørgo. Norwegian County Road 245 runs to the south from Dokka, along the west side of the Randsfjorden to Bjoneroa. Norwegian County Road 250 heads north from Dokka towards Aust-Torpa. In 2002, Dokka celebrated its 100th anniversary.

Bjørgo
Bjørgo is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Narve Bjørgo (1936–2025), Norwegian historian

Tore Bjørgo (born 1958), Norwegian criminologist

Trygve Bjørgo, Norwegian educator and lyricist
Willie the Wildcat
Willie the Wildcat can refer to:

Willie the Wildcat (Kansas State), the athletics mascot at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas

Willie the Wildcat (Northwestern), the athletics mascot at Northwestern University in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois

Willie the Wildcat, the athletics mascot of Abilene Christian Wildcats

Willie T. Wildcat, the mascot at Johnson & Wales University

Wildcat Willie, the mascot of World Championship Wrestling, who was portrayed by Gary Hedrick

Johnson & Wales University
Johnson & Wales University (JWU) is a private university with its main campus in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded as a business school in 1914 by Gertrude I. Johnson and Mary T. Wales, JWU enrolled 7,357 students across its campuses in the fall of 2020. The university is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.
Cat Law
Cat Law (671 m) is a hill in the southern Mounth of Scotland, north of Kirriemuir in Angus.

A rounded peak, it lies above Strathmore in the south and offers excellent views across the Angus countryside from its summit. It is usually climbed from the nearby village of Balintore.

Kirriemuir
Kirriemuir (/ˌkɪriˈmjʊər/ KIRR-ee-MURE, Scots: [ˌkɪreˈmeːr, -møːr]; Scottish Gaelic: Ceathramh Mhoire [ˌkʲʰɛɾə ˈvɔɾʲə]), sometimes called Kirrie or the Wee Red Toon, is a burgh in Angus, Scotland, United Kingdom.

The playwright J. M. Barrie was born and buried here and a statue of Peter Pan is in the town square.
Tucker-Guthrie Memorial Airport
Tucker-Guthrie Memorial Airport (FAA LID: I35) is a public use airport in Harlan County, Kentucky, located 2 miles northwest of Harlan. The airport was opened to the public in 1961. The airport was named for M. L. Tucker and Pete Guthrie. Tucker was an aviation enthusiast who helped pick the location of the airport, while Guthrie was killed in a crash at the old Harlan County airport in Putney.

Harlan County, Kentucky
Harlan County is located in southeastern Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,831. The county seat is Harlan. Kentucky's highest natural point, Black Mountain (4,145 feet (1,263 m)), is in Harlan County.

During the Great Depression it was a center of labor strife between coal mine owners and unionized workers, notably in the Harlan County War of the 1930s. After the respite provided by WWII's need for coal to drive war production, the industry declined in the 1950s. The loss of jobs resulted in a steadily declining population and depressed economy. Harlan County has a high prevalence of poverty, lower longevity, and low family income.

Harlan is generally a dry county but because Cumberland is "wet" (package alcohol sales are allowed) and Harlan city permits restaurants seating 100+ to serve alcohol  it is considered a moist county.
Cuzick–Edwards test
In statistics, the Cuzick–Edwards test is a significance test whose aim is to detect the possible clustering of sub-populations within a clustered or non-uniformly-spread overall population. Possible applications of the test include examining the spatial clustering of childhood leukemia and lymphoma within the general population, given that the general population is spatially clustered.

The test is based on:

using control locations within the general population as the basis of a second or "control" sub-population in addition to the original "case" sub-population;
using "nearest-neighbour" analyses to form statistics based on either:
the number of other "cases" among the neighbours of each case;
the number "cases" which are nearer to each given case than the k-th nearest "control" for that case.

An example application of this test was to spatial clustering of leukaemias and lymphomas among young people in New Zealand.

Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis. A statistical hypothesis test typically involves a calculation of a test statistic. Then a decision is made, either by comparing the test statistic to a critical value or equivalently by evaluating a p-value computed from the test statistic. Roughly 100 specialized statistical tests are in use and noteworthy.
James Lance
James Frederick Grenville Lance (born 29 September 1974) is an English actor, best known for his appearances in a number of British comedy series and as Trent Crimm on the British-American comedy series Ted Lasso, for which he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 2022.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series. Prior to 1988 the category was not gender specific, thus was called Outstanding Guest Performer in a Comedy Series. These awards, like the other "Guest" awards, are not presented at the Primetime Emmy Award ceremony, but rather at the Creative Arts Emmy Award ceremony.

Beginning with the 77th Primetime Emmy Awards, performers are no longer eligible in guest acting categories if they were previously nominated for a lead or supporting award for playing the same character role in the same series.

Nathan Lane has received the most nominations in this category with 7, winning once for the Hulu comedy series Only Murders in the Building in 2022. Mel Brooks has received the most wins in this category for his role in the NBC comedy series Mad About You in 1997, 1998, and 1999.