hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Privacy concerns with Google
Privacy concerns with Google include a wide range of issues and controversies related to collection, use, and sharing of user data across Google products, services, and platforms, including Google Search. Since the mid-2000s, civil liberties organizations and government regulators have criticized and taken action against Google related to Internet privacy issues in its data collection and data retention policies, web tracking practices, cooperation with intelligence agencies and law enforcement agencies, and other activities. These concerns are a frequent theme in criticism of Google.

Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency operating as a secret service responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

Means of information gathering are both overt and covert and may include espionage, communication interception, cryptanalysis, cooperation with other institutions, and evaluation of public sources. The assembly and propagation of this information is known as intelligence analysis or intelligence assessment.
Sonoma County Roller Derby
Sonoma County Roller Derby is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Santa Rosa, California. The league (SCRD) has around 70 active members who not only skate in bouts, but participate in community building events throughout the county. Sonoma County Roller Derby is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). The All-Stars are SCRD's WFTDA level travel team; the All-Stars skate against other A level teams for international rankings. The league also has a mixed level travel team, the Growlers, and two home teams: the Wine Country Wreckers and North Bay Bruisers.

Santa Rosa, California
Santa Rosa (Spanish for "Saint Rose") is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County, in the North Bay region of the Bay Area in California. Its population as of the 2020 census was 178,127. It is the largest city in California's Wine Country and Redwood Coast. It is the fifth most populous city in the Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 27th-most populous city in California.
Avraham Friedman
Avraham Friedman is an Orthodox rabbi and Talmudic scholar in Skokie, Illinois. After twenty five years at the Beis HaMidrash LaTorah yeshiva of the Hebrew Theological College, he became its rosh yeshiva (dean/head of school) in 2008.

Friedman is also an alumnus of the school he heads (Hebrew Theological College - Bais Hamedrash Latorah) where he studied under rabbis Ahron Soloveichik (one of the leading talmudic scholars of his day) and Yaakov Perlow (head of Agudath Israel of America).

Friedman studied in the Mir yeshiva under Chaim Shmuelevitz and Nachum Partzovitz. He was previously a maggid shiur at Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh before returning to Hebrew Theological College Beis HaMidrash LaTorah.

Maggid shiur
A maggid shiur (Hebrew: מגיד שיעור, romanized: maggiḏ shiʿur, lit. 'teller of a shiur or Torah lecture') is the rabbi that lectures in a yeshiva or kollel. He usually lectures in one place, on a given topic, generally on advanced and in-depth Talmudic studies, on a fixed schedule.

The stature of a maggid shiur is a much sought-after position by the typical yeshiva student. The position is usually obtained by those well versed in the Talmud.

Elazar Shach told a future maggid shiur that the key to successful lectures is "knowing how to ask the initial questions that comprise the shiur."
Battle of Yesil Kol Nor
The Battle of Yesil Kol Nor (Chinese: 伊西洱庫爾淖爾之戰) is an 18th-century war painting created by Chinese court painters and European Jesuits. It was commissioned by the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing dynasty as part of an order of 16 large battle paintings (8 metres wide by 4 metres tall) to commemorate battles that took place in Qurman, in modern-day Tajikistan in February 1759. The battles resulted in the Qing Empire successfully regaining control of Xinjiang from the Turks who had occupied the province following the ousting of the Dzungar people from the region by Qing forces.

Yashilkul
Yashilkul (Russian: Яшилькуль; Tajik: Яшилкӯл) is a freshwater lake in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, in southeast Tajikistan, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) east of the provincial capital of Khorugh.  Lying in the upper Gunt valley of the Pamir Mountains, it has an area of 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres) with a maximum depth of 52 metres (171 ft).  It lies 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from a similar lake, Bulunkul, both of which are surrounded by other wetlands as well as sand and pebble plains.  The lake forms part of the Bulunkul and Yashilkul lakes and mountains Important Bird Area.
Ljungskile
Ljungskile (Swedish pronunciation: [jɵŋsˈɕîːlɛ]) is a locality in Uddevalla Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It is located approximately 15 kilometers south of Uddevalla, at the coast of Ljungskileviken and at the base of Bredfjället. It had 4 026 inhabitants in 2023.

The locality is home to Lyckorna, the youngest seaside resort in Sweden. It was founded in 1877 by Robert Macfie, a Scottish immigrant. It is also home to Ljungskile Folkhögskola, one of the biggest Folk High Schools in Sweden.

The first half of the locality’s name stems from Ljungs Socken whose church is located in Ljungskile. Meanwhile, a “kile” is an old swedish word which translates roughly to “bay”. “Ljungskile” therefore means "Ljungs’s Bay”.

Socken
Socken (Swedish: [ˈsʊ̌kːɛn] or [ˈsɔ̌kːɛn]) is the name used for a part of a county in Sweden. In Denmark, similar areas are known as sogn, in Norway sokn or sogn and in Finland pitäjä or socken. A socken is a rural area formed around a church, typically in the Middle Ages. A socken originally served as a parish. Later, until the Swedish municipal reforms of 1862, it also served as a civil parish or an administrative parish, and became a predecessor to today's municipalities of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Today it is a traditional area with frozen borders, in Sweden typically identical to those of the early 20th century rural parishes. The socken also served as a registration unit for buildings, in Sweden recently replaced by identical registration districts as registration unit. A socken consists of several villages and industry localities (company towns), and is typically named after the main village and the original church.
Lexus RZ
The Lexus RZ (Japanese: レクサス・RZ, Hepburn: Rekusasu RZ) is a battery electric mid-size luxury crossover SUV built by Toyota for its luxury division Lexus since 2023. It is considered a "large SUV" by Euro NCAP and a "small sport utility vehicle" by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The RZ is built on the e-TNGA platform shared with the Toyota bZ4X/Subaru Solterra, it is the first dedicated battery electric vehicle of the Lexus marque that will be sold worldwide and also the second battery electric model after the ICE-based UX 300e.

Euro NCAP
The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) is a European voluntary car safety performance assessment programme (i.e. a New Car Assessment Program) based in Leuven, Belgium. Formed in 1996, the first results were released in February 1997. It was originally started by the Transport Research Laboratory for the UK Department for Transport but later backed by several European governments, as well as by the European Union (EU). Their slogan is "For Safer Cars".
Spice Lisp
Spice Lisp (Scientific Personal Integrated Computing Environment) is a programming language, a dialect of Lisp. Its implementation, originally written by Carnegie Mellon University's (CMU) Spice Lisp Group, targeted the microcode of the 16-bit workstation PERQ, and its operating system Accent. It used that workstation's microcode abilities (and provided microcodes for the languages Pascal, C, and Ada) to implement a stack machine architecture to store its data structures as 32-bit objects and to enable run time type-checking. It would later be popular on other workstations.

Spice Lisp evolved into an implementation of Common Lisp, and was renamed CMU Common Lisp (CMUCL).

16-bit computing
In computer architecture, 16-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are  16 bits (2 octets) wide.  Also, 16-bit central processing unit (CPU) and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. 16-bit microcomputers are microcomputers that use 16-bit microprocessors.

A 16-bit register can store 216 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 16 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 65,535 (216 − 1) for representation as an (unsigned) binary number, and −32,768 (−1 × 215) through 32,767 (215 − 1) for representation as two's complement. Since 216 is 65,536, a processor with 16-bit memory addresses can directly access 64 KiB (65,536 bytes) of byte-addressable memory. If a system uses segmentation with 16-bit segment offsets, more can be accessed.
Harold McKee
Harold McKee (born 28 December 1957) is a Northern Irish unionist politician who was a Newry Mourne and Down Councillor for The Mournes DEA from 2014 to 2016, and then again from 2019 until 2023.

McKee was previously a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for South Down from 2016 to 2017.

2023 Newry, Mourne and Down District Council election
The 2023 election to Newry, Mourne and Down District Council was held on 18 May 2023, alongside other local elections in Northern Ireland, two weeks after local elections in England. The Northern Ireland elections were delayed by 2 weeks to avoid overlapping with the coronation of King Charles III.

41 members were returned to the council via Single Transferable Vote.
Ekici
Ekici is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alaettin Ekici (born 2009), Turkish footballer

Mehmet Ekici (born 1990), Turkish footballer

Oya Ekici (born 1975), Turkish female para-karateka

Volkan Ekici (born 1991), Turkish footballer

Volkan Ekici
Volkan Ekici (born 23 March 1991 in Lünen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) is a Turkish professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Lüner SV of the Landesliga 3 Westfalen in Germany.
Like You (Bow Wow song)
"Like You" is a song by American rapper Bow Wow featuring singer Ciara. It was written by Jermaine Dupri, Jaron Alston, and Johntá Austin, and produced by Dupri and Bryan Michael Cox for Bow Wow's fourth album Wanted (2005). The song includes the keyboard chord of New Edition's "I'm Leaving You Again" written by Jaron Alson, Ricky Bell, and Ralph Tresvant. "Like You" was released as the album's second single on July 12, 2005, reaching atop the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Bow Wow his second top 10 hit on that chart, as was Ciara's fifth. The song also charted in the top 40 in countries like Ireland, Germany and the UK. To date, "Like You" remains Bow Wow's highest charting song.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Logan Coalfield
The Logan Coalfield is a coalfield located in Logan County and Wyoming County of southern West Virginia, in the Appalachia region of the eastern United States.

It is part of the National Coal Heritage Area. Coal is still mined from the Logan Coalfield, but it is no longer one of the top producing coalfields in West Virginia.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Bundesstraße 84
Bundesstraße 84 or B84 is a federal road in Lower Saxony, Germany. It connects Hünfeld in Hesse via Eisenach with Ebeleben in Thuringia.  It comes off of the B4, which is located west of Dedelstorf towards the east. It then goes through: Wittingen, Brome, Rühen, Velpke, Helmstedt, Schöningen, Dardesheim and Wernigerode, finishing at Elbingerode, culminating at the B 27.

Wernigerode
Wernigerode (German pronunciation: [ˌvɛɐnɪɡəˈʁoːdə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until 2007, it was the capital of the district of Wernigerode. Its population was 32,181 in 2020.

Wernigerode is located southwest of Halberstadt, and is picturesquely situated on the Holtemme river, on the northern slopes of the Harz Mountains. Wernigerode is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
Be My Lady
Be My Lady is a 2016 Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Theodore C. Boborol, Don M. Cuaresma and Roderick P. Lindayag, it stars Erich Gonzales and Daniel Matsunaga. It aired on the network's Prime Tanghali line up and worldwide on TFC from January 18 to November 25, 2016, replacing Ningning and was replaced by Langit Lupa.

Theodore Boborol
Theodore Capistrano Boborol (born December 19, 1979) is a Filipino film and television director who started as a creative researcher for Star Cinema in 2000. Boborol made his directorial debut with the teen romantic comedy-drama film Just the Way You Are (2015). He rose to prominence for directing his second feature film, Vince and Kath and James (2016), which was a commercial and critical success. His third film Finally Found Someone, is one of the highest-grossing films of 2017 in the Philippines.

Boborol is also the director of the first queer dating reality series in the Philippines, Sparks Camp (2023), and the award-winning independent film Iska (2019).
The Second Hundred Years (film)
The Second Hundred Years (a.k.a. The Second 100 Years) is a 1927 American silent comedy short film starring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy prior to their official billing as the duo Laurel and Hardy. William K. Everson identifies this as the first "official" Laurel and Hardy film in which they are presented as a team. The team appeared in a total of 107 films between 1921 and 1951.

William K. Everson
William Keith Everson (8 April 1929 – 14 April 1996) was an English-American archivist, author, critic, educator, collector, and film historian. He also discovered several lost films. Everson's given first names were Keith William, but he reversed them so that "William K." would mimic the name of Hollywood director William K. Howard, whom he admired.
Guirenniao
Guirenniao Co., Ltd. is a Chinese apparel and food company. The company was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. It was one of leading chinese sports brand.

At its peak, the company had more than 5,000 outlets. In 2015, its market cap topped CNY42.7 billion (US$5.5 billion). The company had celebrity brand ambassadors such as Andy Lau, Lin Chi-Ling, and Cecilia Cheung. The company is known as "Shoe King of China".

Cecilia Cheung
Cecilia Cheung Pak-chi (Chinese: 張栢芝; born 24 May 1980) is a Hong Kong actress and singer. Cheung rose to fame for her role in King of Comedy (1999), and  won the Best Actress at the 23rd Hong Kong Film Awards for her role in Lost in Time (2003). Her other films include Fly Me to Polaris (1999), The Lion Roars (2002), Running on Karma (2003) and The Promise (2005). After her film career declined in the 2010s, she shifted toward Chinese reality television.
Amurlingkui
Amurlingkui (1886 – 29 May 1930), courtesy name Yimang (意莽), Chinese name Se Enfu (Chinese: 色恩甫), was a Khorchin Mongol nobleman. He was the 13th jasagh prince of the Horqin Left Rear Banner and the last holder of the peerage.

Horqin Left Rear Banner
Horqin Left Rear Banner (Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ; Chinese: 科尔沁左翼后旗, original Mongolian name Büve vang qosigu) is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, 75 kilometres (47 mi) to the north and its banner seat is the town of Ganjig. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin Mongolian.
Karadere Dam
Karadere Dam is a dam in Kastamonu Province, Turkey, built between 1993 and 2007. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works. Karadere Dam is built for irrigation purposes and can be found between Kastamonu and Taşköprü. The scope of work includes 1,500,000 cubic metres (53,000,000 cu ft) of excavation and 3,000,000 m3 (110,000,000 cu ft) of fill. It has a 497-metre (1,631 ft) long diversion tunnel which is 3.5 metres (11 ft) in diameter.

Karadere is an embankment dam; it is earth-filled with a clay-core. It has a crest that is 309 m (1,014 ft) long and 90 m (300 ft) high from the foundation level.

Kastamonu
Kastamonu, formerly Kastamone/Castamone (Greek: Κασταμονή) and Kastamon/Castamon (Greek: Κασταμών), is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat of Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu District. Its population is 125,622 (2021). The city lies at an elevation of 904 m (2,966 ft). It is located in the southern part of the province.
Protostome
Protostomia (/ˌproʊtəˈstoʊmi.ə/) is the clade of animals once thought to be characterized by the creature's blastopore becoming its mouth during embryonic development. This nature has since been discovered to be extremely variable among Protostomia's members, although the reverse is typically true of its sister clade, Deuterostomia. Well-known examples of protostomes are arthropods, molluscs, annelids, flatworms and nematodes. They are also called schizocoelomates since schizocoely typically occurs in them.

Together with the Deuterostomia and Xenacoelomorpha, these form the clade Bilateria, animals with bilateral symmetry, anteroposterior axis and three germ layers.

Germ layer
A germ layer, primary germinal layer, or germinal layer is a primary layer  of cells that forms during  animal embryonic development. Germ layers form during gastrulation, when the early embryo is formed of two or three layers of cells.

Sponges do not have a gastrulation stage and possess no true germ layers. They do though have two layers of cells separated by a gel-like mesohyl. Some aquatic invertebrates such as cnidarians, and comb jellies, develop from only two germ layers, an ectoderm and an endoderm, and are known as diploblasts. But most animals have a bilateral symmetry, and develop from three germ layers, an ectoderm, endoderm, and a middle layer of mesoderm, and are triploblastic.

Germ layers eventually give rise to all of an animal's tissues and organs through the processes of histogenesis, and organogenesis.
Hermiston Reversionary Interest Release Act
The Hermiston Reversionary Interest Release Act (H.R. 3366) is a bill that would release the interest of the United States in some land currently being used for the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Oregon. This would enable the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center to relocate without the land it is currently on being returned to the federal government.

The bill passed the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

113th United States Congress
The 113th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2013, to January 3, 2015, during the fifth and sixth years of Barack Obama's presidency. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections and the 2012 House elections. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States census. It first met in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2013, and it ended on January 3, 2015. Senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress.

The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority; such a split would not be repeated until the 118th Congress. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021.
James Osgood Andrew
James Osgood Andrew (May 5, 1794 – May 1, 1871) was elected in 1832 an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. After the split within the church in 1844, he continued as a bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

Newton County, Georgia
Newton County is a county located in the East Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,483. The county seat is Covington. Newton County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA.
Anti-Phishing Working Group
The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) is an international consortium focused on providing guidance and collecting data to reduce the risks of fraud and identity theft caused by phishing and related incidents. It was founded in 2003 by a US-based company, Tumbleweed Communications in collaboration with banks, financial institutions, and e-commerce service providers.

Some APWG members are undisclosed, but as of December 2024, public members of the steering committee include Microsoft, RSA Security, Verisign, PayPal, Adobe, ICANN, Docusign, LinkedIn, Corporation Service Company, and Fortra. Research partners include the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, CERT Polska, and other CERT organizations from various countries, including the Czech Republic, Azerbaijan, and Japan.

Fortra
Fortra (formerly HelpSystems) is an American cybersecurity company based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The company was founded as Help/38 in 1982, rebranded as HelpSystems in 1988, and became Fortra in 2022. Fortra is owned by private equity firms TA Associates, Harvest Partners, Charlesbank Capital Partners, and HGGC.
Frank Gaillard
Frank Gaillard is an Australian neuroradiologist and medical educator. He founded Radiopaedia.org in December 2005 and served as its editor-in-chief until 2024. He works as a consultant neuroradiologist at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and holds a clinical academic appointment at the University of Melbourne.

Royal Melbourne Hospital
The Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) is one of Australia's leading public tertiary hospitals. Located in Parkville, an inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, it is a major teaching hospital for tertiary healthcare with a reputation in clinical research.

The hospital is administered as part of Melbourne Health, alongside the Inner West Area Mental Health Service (IWAMHS), as well as the North West Dialysis Service.

Professor Shelley Dolan was appointed Chief Executive of the hospital in August 2023, succeeding Professor Christine Kilpatrick AO.