hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orozco v Attorney General
Orozco v Attorney General (2016) 90 WIR 161, also known as Orozco v AG, the Orozco case, or the UNIBAM case, was a landmark case heard by the Supreme Court of Belize, which held that a long-standing buggery statute breached constitutional rights to dignity, equality before the law, freedom of expression, privacy, and non-discrimination on grounds of sex, and which declared the statute null and void to the applicable extent. The decision decriminalised consensual same-sex intercourse for the first time in 127 years, and established that the constitutional right to non-discrimination on grounds of sex extended to sexual orientation.

Dignity
Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. In this context, it is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity".

The content of contemporary dignity is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, summarized in the principle that every human being has the right to human dignity. In Article 1, it is stipulated that 'All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Alexander Falck
Alexander D. Falck was lawyer and businessman.  Falck served with the Elmira, New York law firm Stanchfield, Lovell, Falck & Sayles (named Sayles & Evans since 1945) from 1901 to 1918. Falck served as a director of Chemung Canal Trust Company (1917), president of Corning Glass Works (1920–1928), chairman of the board of Corning Glass Works (1928–1941), delegate to the Republican National Convention from New York (1940), and President of Arnot Ogden Memorial Hospital (1946–1948).  There is a professorship of art named after Alexander D. Falck at Williams College, where he graduated from in 1899.

Republican National Convention
The Republican National Convention (RNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1856 by the Republican Party in the United States. They are administered by the Republican National Committee. The  goal of the Republican National Convention is to officially nominate and confirm a candidate for president and vice president, adopt a comprehensive party platform and unify the party, as well as publicize and launch the fall campaign.

Delegates from all fifty U.S. states and from American dependencies and territories, including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, attend the convention and cast their votes. Like the Democratic National Convention, the Republican National Convention marks the formal end of the primary election period and the start of the general election season. In 2020, all parties replaced the usual conventions with short online programs.
Halfpint Range
The Halfpint Range is a low arcuate mountain range in eastern Nye County and extending into southwest Lincoln County, Nevada. The western portion of the range lies within the Nevada Test Site. Yucca Flat and Plutonium Valley lie to west and Frenchman Flat to the south. The Buried Hills, the Papoose Range and Papoose Lake lie to the east. French Peak (5,280 ft (1,610 m)) is at the south end and Banded Mountain (5,336 ft (1,626 m)) lies at the north end of the range.

Frenchman Flat
Frenchman Flat is a hydrographic basin in the Nevada National Security Site south of Yucca Flat and north of Mercury, Nevada.  The flat was used as an American nuclear test site and has a 5.8 sq mi (15 km2) dry lake bed (Frenchman Lake) that was used as a 1950s airstrip before it was chosen after the start of the Korean War for the Nevada Proving Grounds. Nellis Air Force Base land 12 mi × 30 mi (19 km × 48 km) was transferred to the Atomic Energy Commission on which Site Mercury was constructed on the flat for supporting American nuclear explosive tests.  The 1951 Operation Ranger "Able" test (ground zero at UTM Coordinates 923758 on the flat) was the first continental US nuclear detonation after the 1945 Trinity test, and Frenchman Flat also had the only detonation of an American artillery-fired nuclear projectile in the 1953 Upshot-Knothole Grable test using the M65 Atomic Cannon.
2004 Canada Cup of Curling
The 2004 Strauss Canada Cup of Curling was held January 6–11, 2004, at Sport Mart Place in Kamloops, British Columbia. The winning teams received berths into the 2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, the 2004 Continental Cup of Curling and the 2005 Canada Cup of Curling.

2001 World Champion Colleen Jones and her rink from Halifax won the women's event, defeating Saskatchewan's Sherry Anderson in the final. As Jones had already qualified for the 2005 Olympic Trials, Anderson earned a berth for her team.

Two-time World Champion Randy Ferbey and his rink from Edmonton won the men's event, defeating Calgary's John Morris in the final. As Ferbey had also already qualified for the Olympic Trials, Morris' team qualified as well.

The total purse for the event was $180,000, with both the men's and women's champions winning $33,000.

2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials
The 2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials were held from December 3 to 11 at the Halifax Metro Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The winning teams represented Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Mark McKoy
Mark Anthony McKoy (born December 10, 1961) is a Canadian retired track and field athlete. He won the gold medal for the 110 metres hurdles at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. He won the 60 metres hurdles title at the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the 110 metres hurdles titles at the Commonwealth Games in 1982 and 1986. He is the World record holder for the 50 metres hurdles with 6.25 secs (1986), he is also the Canadian record holder for the 60 metres hurdles with 7.41 secs (1993) and the 110 metres hurdles with 13.08 secs (1993).

Athletics Canada
Athletics Canada or AC (French: Athlétisme Canada) is the national governing body for athletics in Canada, which includes track and field, cross-country running, road running, and race walking. Based in Ottawa, Ontario, Athletics Canada is a non-profit organization. The organization is led by an elected board of directors, with a head chair, currently Helen Manning.

Athletics Canada is involved in many aspects of the sport at the local, national, and international level – providing the rules, officials, coaching education, sports science and athlete development, youth programs, masters (age 40+) competition, and an annual meeting. It also organizes annual Outdoor Track and Field Championships and Indoor Track and Field Championships.

Athletics Canada is a member of WA, IOC, IPC, EAA,  NACAC, JDFL, CP-ISRA, CGF, ISBA, FISU and WADA.
Uzon
Uzon (Russian: Узон) is a 9 by 12 km volcanic caldera located in the eastern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Together with the Geyzernaya caldera it hosts the largest geothermal field in the Kamchatka Peninsula. The calderas were formed in the mid-Pleistocene in several large eruptions that deposited 20–25 km3 of ignimbrite over a wide area. Lake Dalny fills a Holocene maar in the northeast of Uzon Caldera.

The Uzon Caldera is a location of the occurrence of extremophile micro-organisms due to its high localized temperatures.(C.Michael Hogan. 2010)

Michael Palin visited Uzon in the first episode of his 1997 travelogue series, Full Circle with Michael Palin.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region
The Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (Portuguese: Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA) is a Brazilian federal university located in Mossoró, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It was created on August 1, 2005, by Law No 11.155, which transformed the Superior School of Agronomy of Mossoró (ESAM) into a federal university. ESAM was a municipal Higher Education Institution created on April 18, 1967, by Decree No 03/67 and incorporated to the federal educational system as a Governmental agency under special regime by Decree No 1036, on October 21, 1969. Nowadays, UFERSA has reached a 4 general index course (IGC), according to the Brazilian Ministry of Education.

Throughout Higher Education specific activities, UFERSA seeks to contribute to regional development by creating alternatives and solutions for local problems, especially those affecting people and Caatinga ecosystem.

Ministry of Education (Brazil)
The Ministry of Education (Portuguese: Ministério da Educação), commonly known as MEC, originates from its previous name, the Ministry of Education and Culture (Portuguese: Ministério da Educação e Cultura), is a cabinet-level federal ministry of Brazil.

Its responsibilities include coordinating national education policies and managing daily affairs, covering from early childhood education to post-graduate levels.
Gilbert, Arkansas
Gilbert is a town in Searcy County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 26 at the 2020 census, ranking it as the smallest municipality in the state and one of the smallest in the nation. Over the years, Gilbert has gained a reputation (along with Calico Rock) as one of the coldest locations in Arkansas.

Calico Rock, Arkansas
Calico Rock is a city in Izard County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 888 at the 2020 census. The population was estimated to have increased to 2,021 by the 2024 census estimate, a nearly 128% increase.
1810 House Tax Hartal
The House Tax Hartal of 1810–11 was an occasion of nonviolent resistance to protest a tax in parts of British India, with a particularly noteworthy example of hartal (a form of general strike) in the vicinity of Varanasi.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Sidi Khellil
Sidi Khellil (Arabic: ﺳﻴﺪي ﺧﻠﻴﻞ) is a town and commune in El M'Ghair District, El M'Ghair Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 6,547, up from 5,524 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.7%.

Communes of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalities are also known as communes (baladiyahs).
Letipea Landscape Conservation Area
Letipea Landscape Conservation Area is a nature park is located in Lääne-Viru County, Estonia.

Its area is 609 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1992 as a Letipea bird conservation area. In 2000, the protected area was designated to the landscape conservation area.

Lääne-Viru County
Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Viru maakond or Lääne-Virumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, lääne means 'western' and ida means 'east' or 'eastern'. Lääne-Viru borders Ida-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south, and Järva and Harju counties to the west. In January 2013, Lääne-Viru County had a population of 58,806, or 4.5% of the population of Estonia.
Bakhuys
Bakhuys (also: Bakhuis) is a village in the Kabalebo resort of the Sipaliwini District in Suriname. The village  is located near the Bakhuis Mountains. Bakhuis is mainly known for its large bauxite mine which is exploited by Suralco. In 1995, the refinery had received a $120 million upgrade and extension. The village and mountain range have been named after Louis August Bakhuis who led a 1901 expedition into the area.

Bakhuys was part of the West Suriname Plan of the 1970s which was a large scale development plan for the Western part of Suriname and included a railway line from Bakhuys to Apoera. A scaled-down version was resurrected in the 1990s, but also failed to take-off. An unpaved road from Bakhuys to the Southern East-West Link was constructed.

The Bakhuys Airstrip is located near the village.

East-West Link (Suriname)
The (northern) East-West Link (Dutch: Oost-Westverbinding) is a road in Suriname between Albina in the eastern part of the country to Nieuw Nickerie in the western part, via the capital city of Paramaribo. The southern East-West Link connects Paramaribo with Apoera via Bitagron. Construction of the road link started in the 1960s.
Toner (printing)
Toner is a powder mixture used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on paper, in general through a toner cartridge. Mostly granulated plastic, early mixtures added only carbon powder and iron oxide; now there are mixtures that contain polypropylene, fumed silica, and various minerals for triboelectrification. Toner using plant-derived plastic also exists as an alternative to petroleum plastic. Toner particles are melted by the heat of the fuser, and are thus bonded to the paper.

In earlier photocopiers, this low-cost carbon toner was poured by the user from a bottle into a reservoir in the machine. Later copiers, and laser printers from the first 1984 Hewlett-Packard LaserJet, feed directly from a sealed toner cartridge.

Laser toner cartridges for use in color copiers and printers come in sets of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK), allowing a very large color gamut to be generated by mixing.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Gibraltar Islands
Gibraltar Islands are a pair of islands in the River Thames in England above Bourne End Railway Bridge on the reach above Cookham Lock, near Cookham Dean, Berkshire.

There is a footbridge to one of the islands which is closely connected to the other.  Previously the islands were more numerous little aits on which osiers were grown. There are some houses on the islands. The islands are opposite Quarry Wood on the Berkshire bank which is considered to be the basis for the Wild Woods in The Wind in the Willows. The woods are also referenced by Jerome K. Jerome.

Jerome K. Jerome
Jerome Klapka Jerome (2 May 1859 – 14 June 1927) was an English writer and humorist, best known for the comic travelogue Three Men in a Boat (1889). Other works include the essay collections Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow (1886) and Second Thoughts of an Idle Fellow; Three Men on the Bummel, a sequel to Three Men in a Boat; and several other novels.

Jerome was born in Walsall, England, and, although he was able to attend grammar school, his family suffered from poverty at times, as did he as a young man trying to earn a living in various occupations. In his twenties, he was able to publish some work, and success followed. He married in 1888, and the honeymoon was spent on a boat on the River Thames; he published Three Men in a Boat soon afterwards. He continued to write fiction, non-fiction and plays over the next few decades, though never with the same level of success.
Tonga national netball team
The Tonga national netball team (Tongan: timi netipolo fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in international women's netball. Although netball has been played in Tonga, they joined the International Netball Federation in 2011. Tonga won bronze at the South Pacific Games in 1983, 1991 and 1995. On 21 July 2019, Tonga Re-entered at nineteenth in the INF World Rankings.

In June 2022 the team was renamed the Tonga Tala.

They were undefeated at the 2023 Oceania Netball World Cup Qualifiers, and qualified for the 2023 Netball World Cup. Following the qualifiers they were ranked 9th in the world. In March 2023 they rose to 7th ranked following the PacificAus Series.

1995 South Pacific Games
The 10th South Pacific Games (French: 10e Jeux du Pacifique sud; Tahitian: A 10 o te Ha‘utira‘a no Pātifita), also known as Papeete 1995 (Tahitian: Papeʻete 1995), held in Papeete, French Polynesia from 25 August to 5 September 1995, was the tenth edition of the South Pacific Games.

The 1995 games were affected by the decision by France to resume nuclear testing at Mururoa in French Polynesia later that year. Western Samoa, American Samoa, Nauru and Niue boycotted in protest.
MaxLinear
MaxLinear, Inc. is an American electronic hardware company. Founded in 2003, it provides highly integrated radio-frequency (RF) analog and mixed-signal semiconductor products for broadband communications applications. It is a New York Stock Exchange-traded company.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Besant Nagar
Besant Nagar is an upscale, exclusive residential neighbourhood in South Chennai, India. It is located along the coast of the Bay of Bengal.

The neighbourhood is inhabited by highly affluent population and is dotted with many upmarket restaurants, cafes and boutiques. The main attraction is Elliot's Beach, named after Edward Elliot, the former Governor of Madras. It forms the end-point of the Marina Beach shore. This has become an attractive spot for youngsters and elders alike with the pleasant sceneries and the ambiance it provides.

Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai)
The Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd. (MTC), is the agency that operates the public bus service in Chennai, India. It is a subsidiary of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. As of August 2024 the MTC had a total fleet of 3,376 buses with 3,233 scheduled services, with on average 5.092 Million passengers on an average per day.  On March 22, 2016, the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways reported that Chennai had the most crowded buses in the country with 1300 passengers per bus in each direction per day. During peak hours, on some routes, a bus with a capacity to accommodate 80 persons carries twice the number of people due to the extensiveness of the system. It has an operating area of 3,929 square kilometres (1,517 sq mi). MTC has a total of 668 routes with its largest terminus being Broadway in Central Chennai.
Kadua affinis
Kadua affinis, the manono or variable starviolet, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to the Hawaiian Islands. It is a highly variable plant, with a variety of growth forms including liana, sprawling shrub, shrub, and tree, and yellowish-green to purplish flowers, which goes a long way towards explaining its 200 synonyms.

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
Taiwanese Vietnamese
Taiwanese Vietnamese or Vietnamese Taiwanese may be:

Taiwan–Vietnam relations

Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam

Vietnamese people in Taiwan

Mixed race people of Taiwanese and Vietnamese descent

People with dual citizenship of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Vietnam

Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam
Taiwanese expatriates and descendants in Vietnam consist largely of expatriate businessmen and their families. The Ho Chi Minh City branch of the Taipei-based Taiwan External Trade Development Council estimates that 20,000 people from Taiwan were living in Vietnam as of 2002.

According to statistics of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, there are an estimated 3,000 women in Vietnam, formerly married to Taiwanese husbands, who have been left stateless after their divorces; the women had given up Vietnamese nationality to naturalize as Republic of China citizens at the time of their marriage, but then returned to Vietnam following their divorces and gave up their Republic of China nationality in the process of applying for restoration of Vietnamese nationality. Their children, who hold only Republic of China nationality and have never previously been Vietnamese nationals, are ineligible to enter publicly supported schools in Vietnam.
Tislit Lake
Lake Tislit is a lake located in Morocco's Haut Atlas Oriental National Park, in the administrative division of Imilchil. This is an "agdal" (which means "proprietary grazing field" in the Berber language) where the tribes of Ayt Ḥdiddu lead their flocks during the summer. The lake has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2005.

Every year in September, a significant festival is held at the lake.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.