hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heusler compound
Heusler compounds are magnetic intermetallics with face-centered cubic or body-centered tetragonal crystal structure and a composition of XYZ (half-Heuslers) or X2YZ (full-Heuslers), where X and Y are transition metals and Z is in the p-block. The term derives from the name of German mining engineer and chemist Friedrich Heusler, who studied such a compound (Cu2MnAl) in 1903. Many of these compounds exhibit properties relevant to spintronics, such as magnetoresistance, variations of the Hall effect, ferro-, antiferro-, and ferrimagnetism, half- and semimetallicity, semiconductivity with spin filter ability, superconductivity, topological band structure and are actively studied as thermoelectric materials. Their magnetism results from a double-exchange mechanism between neighboring magnetic ions. Manganese, which sits at the body centers of the cubic structure, was the magnetic ion in the first Heusler compound discovered. (See the Bethe–Slater curve for details of why this happens.)

Ferrimagnetism
A ferrimagnetic material is a material that has populations of atoms with opposing magnetic moments, as in antiferromagnetism, but these moments are unequal in magnitude, so a spontaneous magnetization remains. This can, for example, occur when the populations consist of different atoms or ions (such as Fe2+ and Fe3+).

Like ferromagnetic substances, ferrimagnetic substances are attracted by magnets and can be magnetized to make permanent magnets.  The oldest known magnetic substance, magnetite (Fe3O4), is ferrimagnetic, but was classified as a ferromagnet before Louis Néel discovered ferrimagnetism in 1948. Since the discovery, numerous uses have been found for ferrimagnetic materials, such as hard-drive platters and biomedical applications.

When the material is amorphous, it is sperimagnetic.
Martin Alper
Martin Alper (1942 – June 7, 2015) was a video game designer and the former President of Virgin Interactive, once one of the largest companies in the field. Alper was a co-founder of Mastertronic, which went on to become Virgin Interactive following its acquisition by Richard Branson. He was involved with the development of Command & Conquer at Westwood Studios and Shiny Entertainment who developed The Matrix and Earthworm Jim. He was also the person who approached Westwood Studios co-founder Brett Sperry about creating Dune II. In an interview he also explained how he fired Rob Landeros and Graeme Devine so they could set-up their own company Trilobyte during the development of The 7th Guest.

Alper also provided the voice acting for EVA in the original Command & Conquer: Red Alert.

Brett Sperry
Brett Sperry is an American video game designer, fine arts gallerist, and professional photographer. He is also a prominent developer of the Las Vegas arts community, where he has made significant investments in property and infrastructure, primarily in the Downtown Las Vegas area.

In the world of video and computer games, Sperry was the co-founder and president of Westwood Studios, where he created the Command and Conquer series, among other titles. During this time, Sperry was named the sixth most influential person in the history of computer gaming and listed among top ten best game developers. Westwood Studios later received the 2015 Industry Icon Award, presented by 2015 Game Awards host Kiefer Sutherland.
El Paso and Southwestern Railroad YMCA
The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad YMCA, also known as the Douglas YMCA, is a large brick building in Douglas, Arizona.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It is a Mission Revival style
building designed by architect Theodore C. Link.  Its two-story main portion was built in 1905 and is 53 feet (16 m) by 150 feet (46 m).  It has a 1918 one-story addition.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Star of Murfreesboro
The Star of Murfreesboro is a 34.25 carats (6.850 g) blue diamond that is eleven-sixteenths of an inch (17 mm) in diameter.  The diamond was found by John Pollock at the Arkansas Diamond Mine near Murfreesboro, Arkansas.   Pollock found the diamond on March 1, 1964.  It is the largest diamond ever found by a tourist in the Arkansas area.  It was valued at $15,000.00 in 1964 ($152,076 in 2024).

The Star of Murfreesboro was featured in the September, 1966, edition of the Lapidary Journal article "60th Anniversary – Discovery of Diamonds in Arkansas".

As of 2006 the Pollock family still owned the diamond.  It is occasionally loaned out for display at museums and gem shows.

The Arkansas Diamond Mine area is now contained in the Crater of Diamonds State Park.

Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist
The Lapidary Journal Jewelry Artist is an American magazine dedicated to lapidary interests such as gemology, jewelry design, metalworking, mineralogy, rocks, and gemstones.

The magazine was established in 1947 as the Lapidary Journal, and was renamed to its current title in 2005.

The headquarters of the magazine is in Devon, Pennsylvania.

It is published by Interweave Press, a subsidiary of F+W Media, Inc.
Congregation Beth Ahabah
Congregation Beth Ahabah (meaning "House of Love") is a Reform Jewish synagogue at 1121 West Franklin Street, Richmond, Virginia, in the United States. Founded in 1789 by Spanish and Portuguese Jews as Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalome (meaning "Holy Congregation, House of Peace"), it is one of the oldest synagogues in the United States.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497. They should therefore be distinguished both from the descendants of those expelled in 1492 and from the present-day Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.

The main present-day communities of Spanish and Portuguese Jews exist in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, and several other Jewish communities in the Americas have Spanish and Portuguese Jewish roots though they no longer follow the distinctive customs of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine
Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Енциклопедія історії України, ЕІУ) is an illustrated encyclopedia on history of Ukraine in 10 volumes. It was published in Ukrainian language in 2003–2013 and 2019 in Kyiv by the Naukova Dumka academic publishing house under auspices of the NASU Institute of History of Ukraine (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) headed by Valeriy Smoliy.

Naukova Dumka
Naukova Dumka (Ukrainian: Наукова Думка — literally "scientific thought") was a publishing house in Kyiv, Ukraine from 1922 to 2024.

It was established by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1922, largely owing to the efforts of Ahatanhel Krymsky, a prominent Ukrainian linguist and orientalist. It was one of the oldest scientific and academic publishing houses in the former Soviet Union and became known as Naukova Dumka in 1964, before which it simply functioned as the official publisher of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
It continued its operations in Ukraine, publishing primarily scientific and historical works as well as dictionaries.

Naukova Dumka was housed in the building of the NASU Institute of Mathematics in Tereschenkivska street 3 in Kyiv until December 2024, when it was liquidated as a legal entity, and its activities were moved to publishing house Akademperiodyka (founded in 2001) across the street at Tereschenkivska 4.
Nepenthes 'Alta May'
Nepenthes 'Alta May' is a cultivar of a manmade hybrid between N. distillatoria and N. ventricosa. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1989. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It is a synonym of N. × butcheri and was originally published in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x butcherii var. “Alta May”". Bednar and Bramblett listed its parentage as "distillatoria rubra x ventricosa (pink)".

Nepenthes distillatoria
Nepenthes distillatoria (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz dɪˌstɪləˈtɔːriə/; Neo-Latin, from Latin: destillo "to distill", -oria, adjectival ending; "something from which a liquid is distilled", i.e., pitcher) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sri Lanka. It was the second Nepenthes species to be described in print and the first to be formally named under the Linnaean system of taxonomy. It is therefore the type species of the genus.
Langella
Langella is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Langella (born 1974), French cyclist

Antonio Langella (born 1977), Italian soccer player

Frank Langella (born 1938), American actor

Gennaro Langella (1939–2013), American mobster and underboss

Gennaro Langella
Gennaro Adriano Langella (Italian pronunciation: [dʒenˈnaːro adriˈaːno lanˈdʒɛlla]; December 30, 1938 – December 15, 2013), also known as "Gerry Lang", was an American mobster in the Colombo crime family of New York City, and eventually became underboss and acting boss.
Steve Walters (footballer)
Steve Walters (born 9 January 1972) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Crewe Alexandra and in the Football Conference for Northwich Victoria, Morecambe and Stevenage Borough. He was a midfielder.

FAW Trophy
The FAW Welsh Trophy is a knock-out football competition contested annually by teams from Wales and the borders.

The Football Association of Wales is the organising body of this competition, which has been run every year since its inception in 1890–91 (except during the two World Wars and the COVID-19 pandemic) for clubs competing in the lower echelons of the Welsh football league system.

It was known as the Welsh Junior Cup until 1902, when it became the Welsh Amateur Cup, a title it held until 1974, when it was renamed the FAW Intermediate Cup. The competition took its current title in 1993.
Casa Rosada
The Casa Rosada (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkasa roˈsaða]), lit. 'the pink house', is the president of the Argentine Republic's official workplace, located in Buenos Aires. The palatial mansion is known officially as Casa de Gobierno ("House of Government" or "Government House"). Normally, the president lives at the Quinta de Olivos, the president of Argentina's official residence, located in Olivos, Greater Buenos Aires. The characteristic color of the Casa Rosada is baby pink, and it is considered one of the most emblematic buildings in Buenos Aires. The building also houses a museum, which contains objects relating to former presidents of Argentina. It has been declared a National Historic Monument of Argentina.

Julio Argentino Roca
Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz (July 17, 1843 – October 19, 1914) was an Argentine army general and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904. Roca is the most important representative of the Generation of '80 and is known for directing the Conquest of the Desert, a series of military campaigns against the indigenous peoples of Patagonia sometimes considered a genocide.

During his two terms as president, many important changes occurred, particularly major infrastructure projects of railroads and port facilities; increased foreign investment, along with immigration from Europe and particular large-scale immigration from southern Europe; expansion of the agricultural and pastoral sectors of the economy; and laicizing legislation strengthening state power.

Roca's main foreign policy concern was to set border limits with Chile, which had never been determined with precision. In 1881 Argentina gained territory by treaty with Chile.
Douglas J. Eboch
Douglas J. Eboch (born December 10, 1967) is an American screenwriter, author and educator, best known for the 2002 comedy Sweet Home Alabama, starring Reese Witherspoon, Josh Lucas, Patrick Dempsey and Candice Bergen.

His sister, Chris Eboch, is a children's author.

Josh Lucas
Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer (born June 20, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in various films, including American Psycho (2000), A Beautiful Mind (2001), Sweet Home Alabama (2002), Hulk (2003), Wonderland (2003), Glory Road (2006), Red Dog (2011), The Lincoln Lawyer  (2011), Ford v Ferrari (2019) and The Black Demon (2023). He has also appeared in television series such as The Firm (2012), The Mysteries of Laura (2014–2016), and Yellowstone (2018–2022).
Heather Bresch
Heather Bresch (née Manchin; born June 27, 1969) is an American business executive. In 2012, she was named as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Netherlands-based pharmaceutical company Mylan, becoming the first woman to run a Fortune 500 pharmaceutical company. Bresch retired in 2020, upon the closing of Mylan’s combination with Upjohn. Bresch has been a central figure in two controversies: a 2007 accusation of inflating her resume with an unearned MBA degree, and as the CEO of Mylan during the 2016 controversy over pricing of the company's EpiPen products. In 2015, she was listed as #22 in Fortune magazine's “Most Powerful Women” list.

Bresch is the daughter of former West Virginia Governor and former U.S. Senator Joe Manchin.

Consolidation (business)
In business, consolidation or amalgamation is the merger and acquisition of many smaller companies into a few much larger ones. In the context of financial accounting, consolidation refers to the aggregation of financial statements of a group company as consolidated financial statements. The taxation term of consolidation refers to the treatment of a group of companies and other entities as one entity for tax purposes. Under the Halsbury's Laws of England, amalgamation is defined as "a blending together of two or more undertakings into one undertaking, the shareholders of each blending company, becoming, substantially, the shareholders of the blended undertakings. There may be amalgamations, either by transfer of two or more undertakings to a new company or the transfer of one or more companies to an existing company".
Nina Davies (cyclist)
Nina Davies (born 14 September 1974) is a Welsh racing cyclist from the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. She represented Wales at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England. She competed earlier as a road racing cyclist both for Wales and for GB, but since 2008 she mostly participates in mountain bike championships.

Vale of Glamorgan
The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders Bridgend County Borough to the west, Cardiff to the east, Rhondda Cynon Taf to the north, and the Bristol Channel to the south. With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals, it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales. Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park, the Barry Tourist Railway, Medieval wall paintings in St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan, Porthkerry Park, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village. The largest town is Barry. Other towns include Penarth, Llantwit Major, and Cowbridge. There are many villages in the county borough.
Al-Hassan Hall
Al-Hassan Hall (Arabic: صالة الحسن) is an indoor arena located in Al-Hasan Sport City, Irbid, Jordan. The arena has a capacity of 2,000. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball, volleyball and handball, and has hosted the home matches of various Irbid-based clubs, such as Al-Ashrafieh, Al-Jalil, Shabab Bushra and Kafr Yuba.

Shabab Bushra SC
Shabab Bushra Sports Club (Arabic: لنادي شباب بشرى الرياضي) is a Jordanian basketball club based in Irbid, Jordan. It currently competes in the Jordanian Premier Basketball League, the top tier of Jordanian basketball.
Kalam Summer Festival
Kalam Festival, Kalam Mela, or Swat Summer Festival is a cultural and recreational event, held every year in the month of July or August in the scenic valley of Kalam and Mahodand, 100 kilometers from the city of Swat, in Pakistan. The festival is arranged in the pattern of Shandur Polo Festival. The days, when plain areas of Pakistan are hot and humid, tourists are enjoying cold weather in Kalam and the tent village; Mahudand. The festival is organized by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tourism Department in collaboration with the Pakistan Army. Sports, cultural and recreational activities are arranged during the week.

Shandur Pass
Shandur Pass (Urdu: شندور) is a pass located 
on the boundary of Upper Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Gilgit-Baltistan, a disputed territory within the larger region of Kashmir. Often referred to as 'The Roof of the World, it is located besides the Shandur Polo Ground which hosts the annual Shandur Polo Festival.

Shandur Pass, which is considered one of the most serene areas of Pakistan, is at an elevation of around 12,500 ft (3,800 m). It connects the two regions of Pakistan via a road. It is 212 km away from Gilgit.
World record progression 200 metres freestyle
This is a history of the progression of the world record for the 200 metres freestyle swimming event. It is a listing of the fastest-times-ever swum in the event, in both long course (50m) and short course (25m) swimming pools. These records are maintained and recognized by FINA, which oversees international competitive swimming and Aquatics.

The drop in world record times in 2008–2009 coincided with the introduction of polyurethane suits from Speedo (LZR, 50% polyurethane) in 2008 and by Arena (X-Glide), Adidas (Hydrofoil) and Italian swimming suit manufacturer Jaked (all 100% polyurethane) in 2009.  FINA's ban on non-textile suit came into effect in January 2010. FINA also released a list of approved suits.

The long course records are historically older than the short course records; the latter having only been recognized since the early 1990s.

LZR Racer
The LZR Racer (pronounced as "Laser Racer") is a line of competition swimsuits manufactured by Speedo using a high-technology swimwear fabric composed of woven elastane-nylon and polyurethane. The swimsuits are available in a full-body length; they compress the body and trap air for buoyancy. The LZR Pro and LZR Elite were launched on February 13, 2008; the higher-priced LZR Elite was replaced by the LZR Elite 2 in early 2014.  The LZR X was launched in early 2015.  The technology is patented in Italy, and protected worldwide.

In its ruling in 2008, FINA deemed the LZR Racer swimsuits provide an unfair advantage to the wearer, leading to a ban on all swimsuits of a similar nature.
Maryse Condé
Maryse Condé (née  Marise Liliane Appoline Boucolon; 11 February 1934 – 2 April 2024) was a French novelist, critic, and playwright from the French Overseas department and region of Guadeloupe. She was also an academic, whose teaching career took her to West Africa and North America, as well as the Caribbean and Europe. As a writer, Condé is best known for her novel Ségou (1984–1985).

Condé's writings explore the African diaspora that resulted from slavery and colonialism in the Caribbean. Her novels, written in French, have been translated into English, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese. She won various awards, such as the Grand Prix Littéraire de la Femme (1986), Prix de l'Académie française (1988), Prix Carbet de la Caraïbe (1997) and the New Academy Prize in Literature (2018) for her works. She was considered a strong contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
Doug Harvey (umpire)
Harold Douglas Harvey (March 13, 1930 – January 13, 2018), nicknamed "God", was an American umpire in Major League Baseball (MLB), who worked in the National League (NL) from 1962 through 1992.

Known for commanding presence and authoritative signals on the field, he earned his tongue-in-cheek nickname from players, and was the last major league umpire hired who never attended an umpiring school. Harvey umpired five World Series and seven All-Star Games. His career total of 4,673 games ranked third in major league history at the time of his retirement. In 2010, he became the ninth umpire to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

In 1999, the Society for American Baseball Research ranked Harvey as the second-greatest umpire in history, behind only Bill Klem. In 2007, Referee magazine selected him as one of the 52 most influential figures in the history of sports officiating.  Harvey wore uniform number 8 for most of his career.

Baseball field
A baseball field, also called a ball field or baseball diamond, is the field upon which the game of baseball is played. The term can also be used as a metonym for a baseball park. The term sandlot is sometimes used, although this usually refers to less organized venues for activities like sandlot ball.
Juniper Valley Park
Juniper Valley Park is a 55.247-acre (223,580 m2) public park located within Middle Village, Queens, New York, United States. The park is bordered by Juniper Boulevard North on the north, Juniper Boulevard South on the south, Lutheran Avenue on the west, and Dry Harbor Road on the east; it is split into two parts by 80th Street.

The park contains tennis, handball, Paddleball, basketball and bocce courts, as well as seven baseball fields, and a quarter-mile running track around a turf football/soccer field. Since the 1930s it has been run and operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. The park is served by the Q29, Q38 and Q47 buses, which all stop near the park.

American handball
American handball, known as handball in the United States and sometimes referred to as wallball (although the term "one-wall handball" is being adopted to avoid confusion), is a sport in which players use their hands to hit a small, rubber ball against a wall such that their opponent(s) cannot do the same without the ball touching the ground twice or hitting out of bounds. The three versions are four-wall, three-wall and one-wall (sometimes known as wallball or international fronton). Each version can be played either by two players (singles), three players (cutthroat) or four players (doubles), but in official tournaments, singles and doubles are the only versions played.