hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jon Stryker
Jon Lloyd Stryker (born c. 1958) is an American architect, philanthropist, and billionaire heir to the Stryker Corporation medical technology company fortune. Stryker is the founder and president of the Arcus Foundation, which primarily supports great ape conservation efforts and LGBT social justice, and has awarded over $500 million in grants. The threatened colobine species Rhinopithecus strykeri is named after him. According to Forbes, Stryker's net worth is estimated at $5.3 billion.

Billionaire
A billionaire is a person whose net worth is at least one billion units of a given currency, typically USD. It is a sub-category of the concept of the ultra high-net-worth individual. The American business magazine Forbes produces a global list of known U.S. dollar billionaires every year and updates an internet version of this list in real time. The American oil magnate John D. Rockefeller became the world's first confirmed billionaire in 1916.

Nineteen individuals had attained the status of centibillionaires, each with a net worth of at least $100 billion, as of January 2026. As of March 2025, there are 3028 billionaires worldwide, with a combined wealth of over $16.1 trillion, up nearly $2 trillion over 2024.
Gnip
Gnip, Inc. was a social media API aggregation company that was purchased by Twitter in 2014. Headquartered in Boulder, Colorado, it provided data from dozens of social media websites via a single API. Gnip was among the first social media API aggregation services.

Gnip is known as an early influencer in building the real-time web.  The company has also been instrumental in defining relevant web standards: Gnip's co-founder Eric Marcoullier actively advocated for adoption of open web standards, and helped define the new Activity Streams format for web data.

Subsequent to a 2010 data licensing agreement with Twitter Inc, Twitter purchased Gnip in April 2014.

Web standards
Web standards are the formal, non-proprietary standards and other technical specifications that define and describe aspects of the World Wide Web. In recent years, the term has been more frequently associated with the trend of endorsing a set of standardized best practices for building web sites, and a philosophy of web design and development that includes those methods.
Jacob Churg
Jacob Churg (/tʃɜːrɡ/; 16 July 1910, Daŭhinava, Russian Empire – 27 July 2005, New York City) was a Polish-American pathologist. Churg, together with Lotte Strauss, has given his name to Churg–Strauss syndrome, now known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Dawhinava
Dawhinava (Belarusian: Даўгінава, romanized: Daŭhinava; Russian: Долги́ново, romanized: Dolginovo; Lithuanian: Dauginava; Polish: Dołhinów; Yiddish: דאלהינאוו) is an agrotown in Vileyka District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is located 82 kilometres (51 mi) north of the capital Minsk and 40 km (25 mi) east-northeast of Vileyka. It serves as the administrative center of Dawhinava selsoviet.
Black Hills, Tasmania
Black Hills is a rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Southern Midlands and Derwent Valley in the Central and South-east LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the town of New Norfolk. The 2016 census recorded a population of 179 for the state suburb of Black Hills.

Southern Midlands Council
Southern Midlands is a local government body in Tasmania, covering the southern region of the Tasmanian central midlands. Southern Midlands is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,118, the major localities of the region include Campania, Kempton, Mangalore and the principal town of Oatlands.
HMS Badminton
Two Royal Navy vessels have been named HMS Badminton, after Badminton, Gloucestershire:

HMS Badminton (1918), a Hunt-class minesweeper launched May 1918; sold 1928

HMS Badminton (M1149), a Ton-class minesweeper launched 1954; broken up in 1970

HMS Badminton (1918)
HMS Badminton was a Hunt-class minesweeper of the Aberdare sub-class built for the Royal Navy during World War I. She was not finished in time to participate in the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1928.
Saraila
Saraila is a village in Kamsaar in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.Saraila  is a village in Seorai Tehsil in Ghazipur District of Uttar Pradesh, India. It belongs to Varanasi Division . It is located 30 km to the south of District headquarters Ghazipur. 11 km from Seorai. 372 km from State capital Lucknow. The village (or region of the village) was also a part of Daudpur Estate which had its capital at Dewaitha during Mughal and early British era.

Saraila Pin code is 232326 and postal head office is Dildarnagar .

Tajpur Kurra (2 km), Arangi (4 km), Nirahukapura (4 km), Devaitha (4 km), Kajuri ( 4 km), chitarkoni(3 km), Mircha(1.5 km) are the nearby villages to Saraila . Saraila is surrounded by Sevrai Tehsil towards North, Ramgarh Tehsil towards South, Zamania Tehsil towards west.

Zamania, Mohania, Ghazipur, Buxar are the nearby Cities to Saraila

Varanasi division
Varanasi division is one of the 18 administrative geographical units (i.e. division) of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Varanasi city is the administrative headquarters of the division. The division consists of 4 districts, i.e. Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur, and Jaunpur and is loosely equivalent to the Benares State.
Mike Scaccia
Michael Ralph Scaccia (/ˈskɑːtʃə/ SKAH-tchə; June 14, 1965 – December 22, 2012) was an American musician, best known as a guitarist for several heavy metal and alternative rock acts, including Rigor Mortis, Ministry and Revolting Cocks.

Revolting Cocks
Revolting Cocks, also known as RevCo, are an American-Belgian industrial rock band, and sometimes supergroup, that began as a musical side project for Richard 23 of Front 242, Luc van Acker, and Al Jourgensen of Ministry.
Andersonia caerulea
Andersonia caerulea, commonly known as foxtails, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading to low-lying shrub with variably-shaped leaves and pink and pale blue flowers, sometimes in spike-like groups.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Motherland (2015 film)
Motherland (Turkish: Ana Yurdu) is a 2015 Turkish drama film by director Senem Tüzen about a divorced, urban woman who goes to her ancestral village in Anatolia to write a book and is confronted by the unwelcomed arrival of her mother. The drama stars Esra Bezen Bilgin, Nihal Koldaş, Fatma Kısa and Semih Aydın.

Tüzen's debut feature premiered at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival in the International Film Critics' Week section in September, 2015.

72nd Venice International Film Festival
The 72nd annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 2 to 12 September 2015, at Venice Lido in Italy.

Mexican filmmaker Alfonso Cuarón was the jury president for the main competition. French-Italian actress Elisa Sednaoui hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the festival. The Golden Lion was awarded to From Afar by Lorenzo Vigas.

The festival poster featured Nastassja Kinski in front as reminiscent of Wim Wenders's Faraway, So Close!, while in the background it featured the character of Antoine Doinel portrayed by Jean-Pierre Léaud from François Truffaut's 1959 drama film The 400 Blows, which also appeared on the 71st Venice International Film Festival poster.

The festival opened with Everest by Baltasar Kormákur, and closed with Mr. Six by Guan Hu.
DreamPlug
DreamPlug is a compact and low power plug computer running Debian Linux, based on Marvell's Kirkwood 88F6281 ARM9E SoC. It is intended to be a device that could act as a web server, a printing server or any other network service. It uses micro-SD internal storage and an external Secure Digital slot, but also offers USB ports and a Serial ATA port to connect external disks.

Marvell Technology
Marvell Technology, Inc. is an American company, headquartered in Santa Clara, California, which develops and produces semiconductors and related technology. Founded in 1995, the company had more than 6,500 employees as of 2024, with over 10,000 patents worldwide, and an annual revenue of $5.5 billion for fiscal 2024.
Acrobasis ostryella
Acrobasis ostryella is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Charles Russell Ely in 1913 and is known from Ontario in Canada and the eastern United States. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Ostrya virginiana. The species overwinters in the larval stage. After overwintering, young larvae feed on the undersurface of the base of a leaf. A tube is constructed and several nearby leaves are pulled together around the tube. The larvae usually leave this tube to construct a second one. Pupation takes place in a pupal chamber which is made at the end of the tube.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
1996–97 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1996 season began on December 28, 1996. The postseason tournament concluded with the Green Bay Packers defeating the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXI, 35–21, on January 26, 1997, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.

The Carolina Panthers and Jacksonville Jaguars, each in just their second year of existence, not only qualified for the playoffs for the first time, but they also both advanced to their respective conference championship games.

Mike Hollis
Michael Shane Hollis (born May 22, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL) from 1994 to 2003. He led the NFL in scoring (1997 season) and becoming the most accurate kicker in NFL history during that time. He spent most of his nine-year NFL career with the Jacksonville Jaguars, kicking for the team from 1995–2001 and setting several team records. He then played for the Buffalo Bills and New York Giants before initially retiring after an injury in 2003. He signed with the Jacksonville Sharks in 2022 after almost 20 years of retirement.
Pelengana
Pelengana (or Pélengana) is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune contains the town and 25 villages in an area of approximately 359 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 56,259. The town of Pelengana lies 5 km southeast of Ségou on the Route Nationale 6.

Ségou Cercle
Ségou Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Ségou Region of Mali. The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Ségou.

The cercle is divided into 30 communes:

Different ethnicities are present in Ségou : Bambaras, Fula people, Miniankas, Bozos, Somonos, Dogons and Soninkés.
Raymond Doucett
Raymond Daniel Doucett (May 6, 1907 – March 29, 1970) was a wholesale grocer and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Restigouche County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1963 to 1970 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Charlo, New Brunswick, the son of Peter Doucett and Annabell Henderson. In 1926, he married Catherine Ila Lutes. Doucett served as chairman of the school board, also served on the council for Restigouche County and was a justice of the peace. Doucett served as Minister of Public Works in the province's Executive Council from 1967 to 1970.

His son Rayburn also served in the provincial assembly.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
Shama (1974 film)
Shama is a 1974 Pakistani Urdu romantic drama film directed by Nazar Shabab. The film had a multi-starrer cast with  Muhammad Ali, Deeba, Waheed Murad,  Nadeem, Babra Sharif, and Zeba in the lead roles.

It was a remake of Shabab Kiranvi's Mehtaab (1962). Shama won a Nigar Award in the best playback singer category.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
Lucille Dixon Robertson
Lucille Dixon Robertson (27 February 1923 – 23 September 2004) was a jazz double-bassist. She grew up in New York City and she successfully auditioned for the All City High School Orchestra.  She studied under Frederick Zimmermann of the New York Philharmonic for 15 years.

Lucille Dixon was born on February 23, 1923, in Harlem. She studied music with Carmen Velma Shepperd as a girl. During high school she performed in the All-City High School Orchestra. Beginning in 1941, she was a member of the National Youth Administration orchestra. After studying for a year at Brooklyn College, she performed with the all-female International Sweethearts of Rhythm. She then joined the band of jazz pianist Earl Hines in 1943. She continued with Hines' band until 1945, then formed the Lucille Dixon Orchestra, which existed from 1946 to 1960. Through its history, her band included many famous performers, including Buddy Tate, Sonny Payne, Tyree Glenn, George Matthews, and Bill Smith.

International Sweethearts of Rhythm
The International Sweethearts of Rhythm was an American jazz ensemble, believed to be the first racially-integrated all-female band in the United States.

During the 1940s, the band featured some of the best female musicians of the day. They played swing and jazz on a national circuit that included the Apollo Theater in New York City, the Regal Theater in Chicago, and the Howard Theater in Washington, D.C. After a performance in Chicago in 1943, the Chicago Defender announced the band was "one of the hottest stage shows that ever raised the roof of the theater!" They have been labeled "the most prominent and probably best female aggregation of the Big Band era". During feminist movements of the 1960s and 1970s in America, the International Sweethearts of Rhythm became popular with feminist writers and musicologists who wanted to highlight previously-overlooked contributions from female musicians.
Jägerhorn
The Jägerhorn is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It is the northernmost summit of Monte Rosa, at a height of 3,970 metres above sea level, and overlooks the village of Macugnaga on its east side (in the Italian region of Piedmont), 2,600 metres below. On its west side it overlooks the Gorner Glacier (Swiss canton of Valais).

Near the summit (3,960 m) is located a small mountain hut, the Bivacco Città di Gallarate. It is owned by the Italian Alpine Club.

Gorner Glacier
The Gorner Glacier (German: Gornergletscher) is a valley glacier found on the west side of the Monte Rosa massif close to Zermatt in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is about 12.4 km (7.7 mi) long (2014) and 1 to 1.5 km (0.62 to 0.93 mi) wide. The entire glacial area of the glacier related to Gorner Glacier is 53 km2 (20 sq mi) (2007), which makes it the second largest glacial system in the Alps after the Aletsch Glacier system; however, in length it ranks third behind the Aletsch and Fiescher Glaciers.
Oliver Plunkett
Oliver Plunkett (or Oliver Plunket; Irish: Oilibhéar Pluincéid; 1 November 1625 – 1 July 1681) was the Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland and the last victim of the Popish Plot. He was beatified in 1920 and canonised in 1975, thus becoming the first new Irish saint in almost seven hundred years.

County Louth
County Louth (/laʊð/ LOWDH; Irish: Contae Lú) is a coastal county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. Louth is bordered by the counties of Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north and Down to the north-east, across Carlingford Lough. It is the smallest county in Ireland by land area and the 17th most populous, with just over 139,100 residents as of 2022. The county is named after the village of Louth. Louth County Council is the local authority for the county.
Dog Years (1997 film)
Dog Years is a 1997 action comedy film directed by Robert Loomis and distributed by Troma Entertainment.

It was filmed entirely in Arizona and featured music by Arizona ska band Dave's Big Deluxe. Dog Years was well received by film critics. Variety compared the film to the early works of Jim Jarmusch and Hal Hartley, and the film won two awards at the 1998 Arizona International Film Festival for 'Most Popular Indie Film' and 'Best of Arizona'. Additionally, Dog Years played at the 1998 South by Southwest film festival.

In 2003, Robert Loomis directed Angry Young Man, the sequel to Dog Years, once again starring R. Michael Caincross.

Jim Jarmusch
James Robert Jarmusch (/ˈdʒɑːrməʃ/ JAR-məsh; born January 22, 1953) is an American filmmaker and musician.

He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films such as Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), Night on Earth (1991), Dead Man (1995), Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999), Coffee and Cigarettes (2003), Broken Flowers (2005), Only Lovers Left Alive (2013), Paterson (2016) and Father Mother Sister Brother (2025). Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002. For Father Mother Sister Brother, Jarmusch won the Golden Lion at the 82nd Venice Film Festival.

As a musician, he has been part of the no wave band The Del-Byzanteens and in addition composed music for some of his films. He has released four musical albums with Jozef van Wissem.
Fredkin's paradox
Fredkin's paradox reads "The more equally attractive two alternatives seem, the harder it can be to choose between them—no matter that, to the same degree, the choice can only matter less." Thus, a decision-making agent might spend the most time on the least important decisions.

It was proposed by American physicist Edward Fredkin. The paradox arises from the negative correlation between the difference between two options and the difficulty of deciding between them. Developed further, the paradox constitutes a major challenge to the possibility of pure instrumental rationality.

Instrumental and value rationality
The terms "Instrumental rationality" and "value rationality" refer to two types of action identified by sociologist Max Weber.

Instrumental rationality is a type of social action where the means are rationally chosen to efficiently achieve a specific end. Value rationality is social action driven by a conscious, unconditional belief in the value of the action itself, independent of its success or consequences.

The terms were introduced by sociologist Max Weber, who observed people attaching subjective meanings to their actions.  Acts people treated as conditional means he labeled "instrumentally rational." Acts people treated as unconditional ends he labeled "value-rational."
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Women's 1000 metres
The women's 1000 metres race of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Utah Olympic Oval, in Salt Lake City, United States, was held on November 17, 2013.

Brittany Bowe of the United States won the race, setting a new world record of 1:12.58 in the process, with fellow American Heather Richardson finishing in second place, only 3/100 of a second behind, and Ireen Wüst of the Netherlands in third place. Richardson, who skated in a later pair, also went below the old record. Kim Hyun-yung of South Korea broke the girls' world record with a time of 1:14.95. Yekaterina Malysheva of Russia won the Division B race.

Utah Olympic Oval
The Utah Olympic Oval is an indoor speed skating oval located 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Salt Lake City, in Kearns, Utah. The Oval was built for the 2002 Winter Olympics and it hosted the long-track speed skating events for the 2002 games, a role it is expected to reprise for the 2034 Winter Olympics.

Inside the facility the 400 meter skating track surrounds two international sized ice sheets, and is itself surrounded by a 442-meter running track. Due to its high altitude, 4,675 feet (1,425 m), and the associated low air resistance, ten Olympic records and nine world records were set at the Oval during the 2002 games, the largest number of world records ever set at one event.
Anna Freud Centre
The Anna Freud Centre (formerly the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families) is a child mental health research, training and treatment charity based in London, United Kingdom. The Centre aims to transform mental health provision in the UK by improving the quality, accessibility and effectiveness of treatment, bringing together leaders in neuroscience, mental health, social care and education. It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and Yale University. The Princess of Wales is its royal patron. The chair of trustees is the philanthropist Michael Samuel MBE and the chief executive is Eamon McCrory OBE.

Mental health in the United Kingdom
Mental health in the United Kingdom involves state, private and community sector intervention in mental health issues. One of the first countries to build asylums, the United Kingdom was also one of the first countries to turn away from them as the primary mode of treatment for the mentally ill. The 1960s onwards saw a shift towards Care in the Community, which is a form of deinstitutionalisation. The majority of mental health care is now provided by the National Health Service (NHS), assisted by the private and the voluntary sectors.