hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
68th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 68th Infantry Division (German: 68. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the German army during World War II. It was formed in 1939 and was initially committed to the German invasion of Poland. It took part in the Battle of France in 1940, and then Operation Barbarossa in 1941 as part of Army Group South. The 68th remained in southern Russia until refitted in Poland in early 1944. Returned to action the 68th fought for rest of the war in the East, in Russia, Slovakia, in the defence of Germany until finally surrendering to the Soviets in Czechoslovakia.

On 1 January 1945, the division, then under command of the 4th Panzer Army of Army Group A, had a strength of 11,697 men.: 504

Hans Schmidt (general, born 1895)
Hans Schmidt (14 March 1895  – 28 November 1971) was a German officer, finally general and divisional commander during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. He was also involved in protecting Pegasus Bridge, but failed as they were captured.
Nakayamagawa Gyaku Tyouseiti Dam
Nakayamagawa Gyaku Tyouseiti Dam is a gravity dam located in Ehime Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is  km2. The dam impounds about 3.18  ha of land when full and can store 177 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1963.

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).
Autocall
Autocall is a company that specializes in fire protection and customized communications equipment. The original company was founded in 1908 and was based in Shelby, Ohio. The Autocall brand became defunct in 2001 after it was incorporated into the SimplexGrinnell merger by Tyco International. On September 6, 2016, Johnson Controls and Tyco completed a merger, and Johnson Controls relaunched the Autocall brand in late 2017.

Johnson Controls
Johnson Controls International plc is an American-Irish multinational conglomerate headquartered in Cork, Ireland, that produces fire, HVAC, and security equipment for buildings. As of mid-2019, it employed 105,000 people in around 2,000 locations across six continents. In 2017 it was listed as 389th in the Fortune Global 500. It became ineligible for the Fortune 500 in subsequent years since it relocated its headquarters outside the U.S.

The company was formed via the merger of American company Johnson Controls with Tyco International, announced on 25 January 2016. The merger led to the avoidance of taxation on foreign market operations and a financial windfall for the CEO of Johnson Controls at that time, Alex Molinaroli.
Meyan Khatun
Mira Meyan Khatun or Mayan Khatun (Kurdish: Meyan Xatûn; born. 1874/1873, Ba'adra, Ottoman Empire - died 1957/1958, Sinjar, Kingdom of Iraq) — Yazidi princess, a regent of Yezidi Emirate of Sheikhan in 1913-1957.

Sheikhan
Sheikhan (Punjabi and Urdu: شیخان) is a town in the Tehsil and District Chiniot in Punjab province of Pakistan.

Until 2009, new Chiniot District was not formed by the government and Chiniot Tehsil was part of Jhang District
Davina Duerr
Davina Williams Duerr (born March 3, 1971) is an American politician and architect who serves as a member of the Washington State House of Representatives, a position that she was appointed to on July 1, 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, she also served on the Bothell City Council for three years prior to being elected to her current position.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Ana Rodriguez (scientist)
Ana Rodriguez is a parasitologist and Professor in the Department of Microbiology at New York University School of Medicine. Her research focuses on Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi and she is known for her work on Plasmodium liver infection, Plasmodium immunity, and T. cruzi drug development.

New York University Grossman School of Medicine
The New York University Grossman School of Medicine (previously the New York University School of Medicine from 1960 to 2019) is one of the two medical schools of New York University, the other being NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine. Both are part of NYU Langone Health. The school was founded in 1841.
FIL World Luge Championships 2012
The FIL World Luge Championships 2012 was held on February 10–12, 2012, under the auspices of the International Luge Federation at the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in Altenberg, Germany for the second time after having hosted the World championships in 1996. The facility was chosen at the 56th FIL Congress in Calgary, Alberta, Canada on June 28, 2008

International Luge Federation
The International Luge Federation  (French: Fédération Internationale de Luge (FIL); German: Internationaler Rennrodelverband) is the main international federation for all luge sports. Founded by 13 nations at Davos, Switzerland in 1957, it has members of 53 national luge associations as of 2009 and is based in Berchtesgaden, Germany.
ACAE
The American Council on African Education (ACAE) is an American institution for the benefit of African students.

It was established in 1945 by Nigerian politician and prince Nwafor Orizu, who obtained numerous tuition scholarships from American sources for the benefit of African students.

Among its members are Alain LeRoy Locke, Oric Bates, Mary McLeod Bethune, Harry Emerson Fosdick and Constance Agatha Cummings. They were instrumental in offering scholarships to Nigerian students studying in the United States. Its membership consisted of both black and white academics, journalists and philanthropists.

Nwafor Orizu
Abyssinia Akweke Nwafor Orizu (GCON)(// ⓘ; 17 July 1914 – 1999) was a Nigerian politician and statesman who served as President of the Nigerian Senate from 1963 to 1966. Orizu was also Acting President of Nigeria from late 1965 until the 1966 coup d'état in January 1966.

He was a member of the Nnewi royal family, and is the uncle of Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III, who is the current traditional king of the Nnewi subnational kingdom in eastern Nigeria. Nwafor Orizu College of Education in Nsugbe, Anambra State, is named after him.
Bonobo (GNOME)
Bonobo is an obsolete component framework for the GNOME free desktop environment. Bonobo is designed to create reusable software components and compound documents. Through its development history it resembles Microsoft's OLE technology and is GNOME's equivalent of KDE's KParts.

Bonobo was developed as a solution to the problems and requirements of the free software community in the development of complex applications. Bonobo is based on the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) or its GNOME implementation ORBit. Through Bonobo the functions of one application can be integrated into another: for example, Gnumeric spreadsheet tables can be directly embedded into AbiWord text document by including Gnumeric as Bonobo component.

Available components are:

Gnumeric spreadsheet

ggv PostScript viewer

Xpdf PDF viewer

gill SVG viewer

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
Chatham coot
The Chatham coot (Fulica chathamensis), also known as the Chatham Island coot, is an extinct bird in the rail family, Rallidae, that was endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. It was described from subfossil bones in 1892 by Scottish explorer, ornithologist and botanist Henry Forbes, who was director of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch at the time.

Canterbury Museum, Christchurch
The Canterbury Museum is a museum located in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand, in the city's Cultural Precinct. The museum was established in 1867 with Julius von Haast – whose collection formed its core – as its first director. The building is registered as a "Historic Place  – Category I" by Heritage New Zealand.
Line (software)
Line is a Japanese freeware app and service for instant messaging and social networking, operated by the Japanese company LY Corporation, co-owned by SoftBank Group and Naver. Line was launched in Japan in June 2011 by NHN Japan, a subsidiary of Naver.

Initially designed for text messaging and VoIP voice and video calling, it has gradually expanded to become a super-app providing services including a digital wallet (Line Pay), news stream (Line Today), video on demand (Line TV) and digital comic distribution (Line Manga and Line Webtoon).

Line became Japan's largest social network in 2013 and is used by over 70% of the population as of 2023; it is also popular mainly in Indonesia, Taiwan and Thailand.

Super app
A super app or super-app (also called everything app) is a mobile or web application that can provide multiple services including payment and instant messaging services, effectively becoming an all-encompassing, self-contained, commerce and communication online platform that embraces many aspects of personal and commercial life. Notable examples of super apps include Tencent's WeChat in China, Tata Neu in India, Grab in Southeast Asia and Max in Russia.

For end users, a super app is an application that provides a set of core features while also giving access to independently developed miniapps. For app developers, a super app is an application integrated with the capabilities of platforms and ecosystems that allows third-parties to develop and publish miniapps.
T. J. Hill
Tororris Jermal "T. J." Hill (born July 2, 1980) is an American former professional football linebacker. He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2002. He played college football at Northeastern.

Hill was also a member of the Las Vegas Gladiators, New York Giants, Montreal Alouettes, Edmonton Eskimos, and Ottawa Redblacks.

Ottawa Redblacks
The Ottawa Redblacks (officially stylized as REDBLACKS) (French: Rouge et Noir d'Ottawa) are a professional Canadian football team based in Ottawa. The team plays in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Starting play in 2014, the Redblacks are the third CFL team to play in the city of Ottawa. The Ottawa Rough Riders, formed in 1876, were a founding member of the CFL in 1958 and played until 1996. A new Ottawa franchise was formed as the Renegades in 2002 and lasted until the end of the 2005 season. The Redblacks won the 2016 Grey Cup Championship, which ended a 40-year Grey Cup championship drought for the city of Ottawa.
Tom Steele (politician)
Tom Steele (15 November 1905 – 28 May 1979) was a Scottish Labour politician.

Steele worked as a station master and served on the board of the Lanark Co-operative Society.

Steele was elected as Member of Parliament for the constituency of Lanark in 1945, defeating future Prime Minister Lord Dunglass (Alec Douglas-Home), and served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of National Insurance.

He lost this seat back to Douglas-Home in 1950, but was elected for Dunbartonshire West at a by-election later that year.  He held this seat until he retired in 1970, to be replaced by Ian Campbell.

At elections his campaign sometimes used the slogan Vote Steele For Strength.

West Dunbartonshire (UK Parliament constituency)
West Dunbartonshire is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

The current constituency was first used in the 2005 general election. There was also an earlier West Dunbartonshire constituency, from 1950 to 1983.

The current MP is Douglas McAllister of the Labour Party, who was elected at the 2024 United Kingdom general election.
Battle of Liaoyang
The Battle of Liaoyang (遼陽会戦, Ryōyō-kaisen; 25 August – 3 September 1904) (Russian: Сражение при Ляояне) was a major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, on the outskirts of the city of Liaoyang in present-day Liaoning Province, China. The city was of great strategic importance as the major Russian military center for southern Manchuria, and a major population center on the main line on the Russian South Manchurian Railway connecting Port Arthur with Mukden.  The city was fortified by the Imperial Russian Army with three lines of fortifications.

Lüshunkou, Dalian
Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; 旅顺口区), commonly known as Lüshun (旅顺), is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. The district has an area of 512.15 km2 (197.74 sq mi) and a permanent population of 398,579 as of 2020.

Lüshunkou is located at the extreme southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. It has a natural harbor, the possession and control of which became a casus belli of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). Japanese and then Russian administration was established in 1895 and continued until 1905 when control was ceded to Japan. During that period, it was world-famous and was more significant than the other port on the peninsula, Dalian proper.

Lüshunkou was formerly known as both Port Arthur (Russian: Порт-Артур, romanized: Port-Artur) and Ryojun (Japanese: 旅順). After World War II, it was returned to China as Lüshun City. In 1960, Lüshun was redesignated as a district of Dalian (known as Lüda until 1981).
Amaya (web editor)
Amaya (formerly Amaya World) is a discontinued free and open source WYSIWYG web authoring tool with browsing abilities.

It was created by a structured editor project at the INRIA, a French national research institution, and later adopted by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as their testbed for web standards; a role it took over from the Arena web browser. Since the last release in January 2012, INRIA and the W3C have stopped supporting the project and active development has ceased.

Amaya has relatively low system requirements, even in comparison with other web browsers from the era of its active development period, so it has been considered a "lightweight" browser.

Testbed
A testbed (also spelled test bed) is a platform for conducting rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computing tools, and new technologies.

The term is used across many disciplines to describe experimental research and new product development platforms and environments.  They may vary from hands-on prototype development in manufacturing industries such as automobiles (known as "mules"), aircraft engines or systems and to intellectual property refinement in such fields as computer software development shielded from the hazards of testing live.
Journal of Ginseng Research
The Journal of Ginseng Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering all aspects of research on ginseng, from basic science to pre-clinical and clinical research. It was established in 1976 as Koryŏ Insam Hakhoe (English: Korean Journal of Ginseng Science), obtaining its current name in 1998. The journal is published by  Elsevier on behalf of The Korean Society of Ginseng and the editor-in-chief is Jong-Hoon Kim (Jeonbuk National University). The journal publishes review articles, research articles, and brief reports.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
Outpost Peak
Outpost Peak is a 2,880-metre (9,450-foot) double peak mountain located in the Tonquin Valley of Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. The northeast peak is identified on some maps as Outpost Peak, but the southwest peak is higher. Outpost Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Cambrian period, then was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Erebus, 1.0 km (0.62 mi) to the south. The Continental Divide lies 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west, Angle Peak is situated 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to the southeast, and The Ramparts are 4.0 km (2.5 mi) to the north. The mountain's descriptive name was applied in 1921 by the Interprovincial Boundary Survey in keeping with the castle theme of the Ramparts area. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1935 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Geographical Names Board of Canada
The Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) is a national committee with a secretariat in Natural Resources Canada, part of the Government of Canada, which authorizes the names used and name changes on official federal government maps of Canada.
Chanh muối
Chanh muối is a salted, pickled lime in Vietnamese cuisine. Its name comes from the Vietnamese words chanh (meaning "lime" or "lemon") and muối (meaning "salt"). To make the chanh muối, many limes (often Key limes) are packed tightly in salt in a glass container and placed in the sun until they are pickled. During the process, juices are drawn off the limes, which dissolves the salt and produces a pickling liquid which immerses the finished chanh muối.

Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages originated from Vietnam. Meals feature a combination of five fundamental tastes (ngũ vị): sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and spicy. The distinctive nature of each dish reflects one or more elements (such as nutrients and colors), which are also based around a five-pronged philosophy. Vietnamese recipes use ingredients like lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, brown sugar, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, soy sauce, lime, and Thai basil leaves. Traditional Vietnamese cooking has often been characterised as using fresh ingredients, not using much dairy or oil, having interesting textures, and making use of herbs and vegetables. The cuisine is also low in sugar and is almost always naturally gluten-free, as many of the dishes are rice-based instead of wheat-based, made with rice noodles, bánh tráng rice paper wrappers and rice flour.
Panthea coenobita
Panthea coenobita is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North Europe, East Europe and Southern Europe, the central and northern European part of Russia, Japan, Korea, northern China, the Russian Far East (Primorye, Khabarovsk, Amur region, Sakhalin, southern Kuriles), southern and western Siberia (Transbaikalia, Baikal area, Altai) and Turkey.

The wingspan is 40–50 mm. The moth flies from May to July depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Pine, Fir and Larch.

Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk (Russian: Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as Khabarovka until 1893.

The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers.
Glen Lake (New York)
Glen Lake is located north of Glens Falls, New York. Fish species present in the lake are rainbow trout, pickerel, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, yellow perch, pumpkinseed sunfish, and brown bullhead. There is a carry down on the northwest shore off Glen Lake Road.

Pumpkinseed
The pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), also referred to as sun perch, pond perch, common sunfish, punkie, sunfish, sunny, and kivver, is a small to medium–sized freshwater fish of the genus Lepomis (true sunfishes), from the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) in the order Centrarchiformes. It is endemic to eastern North America.
Wellings
Wellings is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Wellings, English computer scientist

Barry Wellings (born 1958), English footballer

Bob Wellings (1934–2022), English television presenter

Eloise Wellings (born 1982), Australian long-distance runner

Evelyn Wellings (1909–1992), English cricketer and journalist

Helen Wellings, Australian consumer advocate and television presenter

Paul Wellings (born 1953), English ecologist

Peter Wellings (born 1970), English cricketer

Andy Wellings
Andy J. Wellings is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of York in northern England. He works closely with Alan Burns on real-time systems, distributed, concurrent and real-time programming languages.

Andy Wellings is a member of the team responsible for the creation of the Real-time specification for Java. He is also an Ada programming language expert.