hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second Battle of Charleston Harbor order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Charleston Harbor of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.

The following lists contain the commanders and units involved in the operations against Charleston Harbor from July to September 1863 which included the major engagements of First Fort Wagner, Grimball's Landing, Second Fort Wagner and the Siege of Charleston Harbor.

Second Battle of Fort Wagner
The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, also known as the Second Assault on Morris Island or the Battle of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, was fought on July 18, 1863, during the American Civil War. Union Army troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Quincy Gillmore launched an unsuccessful assault on the Confederate fortress of Fort Wagner, which protected Morris Island, south of Charleston Harbor. The battle occurred one week after the First Battle of Fort Wagner. Although it was a Confederate victory, the valor of the Black Union soldiers was widely praised. This had long-term strategic benefits by encouraging more African Americans to enlist, affording the Union a manpower resource that the Confederacy could not match for the remainder of the war.
Sigmund Larsen
Sigmud Larsen (1921 – 23 January 2007) was a Norwegian engineer, civil servant and politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Haugesund, attended lower secondary school in Dale i Sunnfjord and then Bergen Technical School. He graduated as a civil engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1950. He was the municipal engineer in Askøy Municipality from 1950 to 1953, engineer for Bergen Municipality from 1953 to 1958 and 1960 to 1964, headmaster at Bergen Technical School from 1958 to 1960 and county engineer in the County Governor's Office of Hordaland from 1964 to 1974. From September 1974 to August 1975 he was a part of Bratteli's Second Cabinet as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Church and Education. From 1975 to 1987 he was the director-general of the Norwegian Water Resources and Electricity Agency. He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav.

He was married, had five children and ultimately settled in Askøy. He died in January 2007.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Emil Martinsson
Emil Martinsson, sometimes known as Emil Andersson (born 14 November 1979) is a Swedish running target sport shooter who won several medals at the ISSF World Shooting Championships.

He competed with his birth name Emil Andersson until 2009, when he married and chose to acquire the surname of his wife Martinsson, as permitted by Swedish law.

Running target shooting
Running target shooting refers to a number of target shooting sports and events involving a shooting target—sometimes called a boar, moose, or deer—that is made to move as if it is a running animal. Competitions are shot at known target distances, and with known target velocity and for how long the target is visible. The target starts every other time from left or right.
Anutt, Missouri
Anutt is an unincorporated community in western Dent County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is located along a ridge at the intersection of routes O and C approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of Rolla. The community of Lenox is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) to the south along Route C. Edgar Springs is seven miles (11 km) to the west in Phelps County and Salem is 12 miles (19 km) to the east.

Salem, Missouri
Salem is a city in and the county seat of Dent County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,608 at the 2020 census, which allows Salem to become a Class 3 city in Missouri; however, the city has chosen to remain a Class 4 city under Missouri Revised Statutes. Salem is located a few miles north of the Ozark Scenic Riverways and close to Montauk State Park, which contains the headwaters of the Current River.

The name Salem is derived from the Hebrew word Shalom, meaning "peace".
Shannon & Wilson
Shannon & Wilson, also known as S & W, is an American geotechnical engineering and environmental consultancy firm headquartered in Seattle, Washington founded in 1954. It was founded by William L. Shannon and Stanley D. Wilson (de), both of whom are alumni of Harvard University. The firm does various forms of work from geotechnical, geological, and environmental services ranging from natural resource management to geophysical surveying for public and private sectors. The company’s markets include dams and levees, design and construction, energy, federal, industrial, property development, transportation, wastewater management, and waterfront facilities. However, over half of their work is devoted to retrofitting and performing safety investigations on transportation projects.

Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies on knowledge of geology, hydrology, geophysics, and other related sciences.

Geotechnical engineering has applications in military engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, coastal engineering, and offshore construction. The fields of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have overlapping knowledge areas. However, while geotechnical engineering is a specialty of civil engineering, engineering geology is a specialty of geology.
FC Karpaty Kolomyia
FC Karpaty Kolomyia is an amateur Ukrainian football club from Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The head coach of the senior team is Vasyl Blyasetsky. Karpaty plays at the Yunist Stadium that has 5,000 seats.

The club was founded in 2006 as FC Karpaty Pechenizhyn and until 2011 played in the town of Pechenizhyn at Karpaty Stadium. After moving to Kolomyia in 2011, Karpaty applied to be admitted to the Ukrainian Second League in November 2011. In summer of 2012 the original president of the club Dmytro Lashchuk left the club and recreated a new FC Karpaty Pechenizhyn in Pechenizhyn. In 2012 Karpaty Kolomyia won the Amateur Championship of Ukraine.

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківська область, romanized: Ivano-Frankivska oblast), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna (Івано-Франківщина) or simply Frankivshchyna, is an oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 1,351,822 (2022 estimate).

The area, also known as Prykarpattia, was part of the historical region of Galicia, where the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia flourished. After World War I, the area became part of the Second Polish Republic and was administered as part of Stanisławów Voivodeship until the invasion of Poland. The area was annexed by the Soviet Union and was known as Stanislav Oblast until 1962, when its administrative center was renamed after the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko. Kolomyia was a historical center of the oblast and remains a major cultural center of Pokuttia, the traditional name for the southern part of the oblast.
Son (political party)
SON is a Galician political party created in 2015, promoted by Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova) and United Left to participate in the local elections of the same year.

Its purpose is to provide legal support to those groups that, for legal reasons, had no possibility to run in the elections of their municipality. Likewise, SON also seeks to gain representation in the provincial deputations. In practice it is an "instrumental" party, without permanent bodies, and whose only objective is to support local candidacies.

Galicians
Galicians (Galician: galegos [ɡaˈleɣʊs] or pobo galego; Spanish: gallegos [ɡaˈʎeɣos]) are an ethnic group primarily residing in Galicia, northwest Iberian Peninsula. Historical emigration resulted in populations in other parts of Spain, Europe, and the Americas. Galicians possess distinct customs, culture, language, music, dance, sports, art, cuisine, and mythology. Galician, a Romance language derived from the Latin of ancient Roman Gallaecia, is their native language and a primary cultural expression. It shares a common origin with Portuguese, exhibiting 85% intelligibility, and similarities with other Iberian Romance languages like Asturian and Spanish. They are closely related to the Portuguese people. Two Romance languages are widely spoken and official in Galicia: the native Galician and Spanish.
Meixner Schlüter Wendt Architekten
Meixner Schlüter Wendt Architekten (the company's preferred way of writing it is MEIXNER SCHLÜTER WENDT Architekten) is a German architecture firm based in Frankfurt. 
The company's projects have received awards the World Architecture Festival in 2008 and at the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2004, 2006 and 2012.

Chicago Athenaeum
The Chicago Athenaeum is a private museum of architecture and design, based in Galena, Illinois. The museum focuses on the art of design in all areas of the discipline: architecture, industrial and product design, graphics, landscape architecture, and urban planning. Among its goals is to advance public education on how design can positively impact the human environment. The museum awards numerous prizes for architecture and design.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD73
In molecular biology, snoRNA U73 (also known as SNORD73) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U73 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U73 is encoded within the introns of ribosomal protein S3a and contains a 12 nucleotide region of complementarity to a conserved sequence in 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).  U73 has been demonstrated to function as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide RNA for pre-28S rRNA.

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
Drama-Kavala-Xanthi Super-prefecture
Drama-Kavala-Xanthi Super-prefecture was one of three super-prefectures of Greece.

It consisted of Drama Prefecture in the northwest, Kavala Prefecture in the centre-south and Xanthi Prefecture in the east.

Kavala Prefecture
Kavala Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Καβάλας) was one of the prefectures of Greece. Its capital was Kavala. It was established in 1915, soon after its territory was incorporated into Greece in the Balkan Wars. The prefecture was disbanded on 1 January 2011 by the Kallikratis programme, and split into the regional units of Kavala and Thasos.
Sarisophora nyctiphylax
Sarisophora nyctiphylax is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are brownish-fuscous with a few scattered blackish scales. The discal dots are nearly obsolete, the plical below the first discal. The hindwings are grey, the basal third whitish-ochreous and its edges suffused.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Dalavich
Dalavich (Scottish Gaelic: Dail Abhaich) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies on the western bank of Loch Awe and has a population of around 70. It is located 30 miles (50 km) from the main town and port of Oban, connected by the villages of Kilchrenan and Taynuilt.

Oban
Oban (/ˈoʊbən/ ⓘ OH-bən; Scottish Gaelic: An t-Òban [ən̪ˠ ˈt̪ɔːpan] meaning The Little Bay) is a resort town within the Argyll and Bute council area of Scotland. Despite its small size, it is the largest town between Helensburgh and Fort William. During the tourist season, the town can have a temporary population of up to over 24,000 people. Oban occupies a setting in the Firth of Lorn. The bay forms a near perfect horseshoe, protected by the island of Kerrera; and beyond Kerrera, the Isle of Mull. To the north are the long low island of Lismore and the mountains of Morvern and Ardgour.
Arif Iqbal Bhatti
Arif Iqbal Hussain Bhatti (death 17 October 1997) was a Pakistani jurist who was Judge of the Lahore High Court and was murdered for alleged blasphemy in verdict.

In 1995, he along Justice Khurshid Ahmed acquitted two Christian men of blasphemy charges.

In 1997, he was murdered by the Barelvi mobster Ahmed Sher for alleged blasphemy by acquitting blasphemy offenders.

Lahore High Court
The Lahore High Court (LHC) is the highest court in the judiciary of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It has supreme appellate jurisdiction over all provincial cases in Punjab. Established as a high court on 21 March 1882, the High Court is based in Lahore, which is its principal seat; alongside its secondary benches based in Rawalpindi, Multan, and Bahawalpur.

A proposal was sent by lawyers to set up new high court benches in Faisalabad, Sialkot, D.G.Khan and Gujranwala divisions but full court of Lahore High Court turned down this request.
Richard George (javelin thrower)
Richard Lloyd George (born May 22, 1953, in Fillmore, Utah) is an American former javelin thrower. He represented the United States at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

George went to Brigham Young University, earning a BA in Economics and Harvard Business School, earning an MBA. A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he played football for the BYU Cougars as a freshman but focused on track and field after returning from his church mission. At the 1976 Summer Olympics, he completed a warm-up throw that would have won second place in the finals, but did not end up qualifying for the finals. In 2012, George became an Honoree in the Utah Sports Hall of Fame.

George served as Vice President of Southern Virginia University and was the CEO of General Resonance LLC and Clene NanoMedicine Inc. His son Andrew also played football for the BYU Cougars and he is the brother-in-law of Ed Red, another Olympic javelin thrower.

BYU Cougars
The BYU Cougars are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Brigham Young University (BYU), located in Provo, Utah. BYU fields 21 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) varsity athletic teams. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference for all sports except men's volleyball which is a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.
History of the Serbs
The history of the Serbs spans from the Early Middle Ages to present. Serbs, a South Slavic people, traditionally live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and North Macedonia. A Serbian diaspora dispersed people of Serb descent to Western Europe, North America and Australia.

De Administrando Imperio
De Administrando Imperio (lit. 'On imperial administration'; Greek: Πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον υἱὸν Ῥωμανόν, lit. 'to my son Romanos') is a Greek-language work written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII. It is a domestic and foreign policy manual for the use of Constantine's son and successor, the Emperor Romanos II. It is a prominent example of Byzantine encyclopaedism.
International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk
The International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk (International Grain Code) is the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard for the safe carriage of Grain cargoes on ships, primarily transported on Bulk carriers. The Code is mandatory under SOLAS Chapter VI.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Travel Air Model B
The Travel Air Model B was a general-purpose biplane produced in the United States in the mid 1920s. It was a development of the Travel Air Model A with relatively minor changes, and in turn provided the foundation for a range of other models produced by Travel Air in large numbers throughout the rest of the decade.

Wright R-790 Whirlwind
The Wright R-790 Whirlwind was a series of nine-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engines built by Wright Aeronautical Corporation, with a total displacement of about 790 cubic inches (12.9 L) and around 200 horsepower (150 kW). These engines were the earliest members of the Wright Whirlwind engine family.
Swimming at the 2014 South American Games – Men's 200 metre backstroke
The men's 200 metre backstroke competition at the 2014 South American Games took place on March 7 at the Estadio Nacional.  The last champion was Leonardo de Deus of Brazil.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Ali Tabrizi
Ali Tabrizi (fl. late 14th/early 15th century; Persian: علی تبریزی) was an Iranian woodcarver who is credited with making the doors of the mausoleum of Ottoman sultan Mehmed I (r. 1413–1421) in Bursa, known as the Green Tomb (Turkish: Yeşil Türbe). Ali Tabrizi was the son of a certain Hajji Ahmad. He was amongst a number of Iranian craftsmen who had been invited by the main architect of the tomb, Hacı Ivaz Pasha, to come to Bursa in order to build the Complex of Mehmed I. He may have also carved the other doors and shutters found at the tomb complex, as well as the doors at the Bayezid Pasha mosque in Amasya. However, this remains uncertain.

Green Mosque, Bursa
The Green Mosque (Turkish: Yeşil Camii), also known as the Mosque of Mehmed I, is a part of a larger complex (külliye) on the east side of Bursa, Turkey, the former capital of the Ottoman Turks before Constantinople was captured in 1453. The complex consists of a mosque, a mausoleum known as the Green Tomb, a madrasa, a public kitchen, and a bathhouse. The name Green Mosque comes from its green and blue interior tile decorations. It is part of the historic UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Otto Christian Blandow
Otto Christian Blandow (5 August 1778, Waren –  15 March 1810, Waren) was a German apothecary and botanist, specializing in the field of bryology.

He trained under Joachim Christian Timm (1734–1805) in Malchin, afterwards working as an apothecary in Rostock, Neubrandenburg, Anklam, Woldegk and Waren.

The genus Blandowia was named in his honor by Carl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812). He edited two exsiccatae: Musci frondosi exsiccati (1804–1810) and Systematisch-tabellarische Sammlung von Laubmoosen (1808).  Since 1875, a collection of his mosses has been kept at the British Museum of Natural History (250 specimens in 5 fascicles).

Anklam
Anklam (German pronunciation: [ˈaŋklam] ⓘ), formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the Kleines Haff, the western part of the Szczecin Lagoon. Anklam has a population of 12,177 (2021) and was the capital of the former Ostvorpommern district. Since September 2011, it has been part of the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald.
Insular Region, Venezuela
The Insular Region (Spanish: Región Insular) is one of the eight natural regions and one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. It comprises all of the nation's islands and is formed by the state of Nueva Esparta and the Federal Dependencies.

States of Venezuela
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is a federation made up of twenty-three states (Spanish: estados), a Capital District (Spanish: Distrito Capital) and the Federal Dependencies (Spanish: Dependencias Federales), which consist of many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. Venezuela claims the disputed Essequibo territory as one of its states, which it calls Guayana Esequiba, but the territory is controlled by Guyana as part of six of its regions.

The states and territories of Venezuela are usually organized into regions (Spanish: regiones), although these regions are mostly geographical entities rather than administrative entities.