hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1812 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1812.

Animal track
An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area.
Poul Nyrup Rasmussen II Cabinet
After the 1994 Danish parliamentary election, the sitting Danish Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen was able to form a government coalition of his own Social Democrats, the Danish Social Liberal Party and the Centre Democrats. The resulting cabinet, which replaced the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I, was formed on 27 September 1994 and was called the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen II.

The cabinet was replaced by the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen III on 30 December 1996, after the Centre Democrats left the government coalition in protest against the government negotiating the Budget of 1997 with the Socialist People's Party and the Unity List.

Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)
The Red–Green Alliance or Unity List (Danish: Enhedslisten – De Rød-Grønne, lit. 'The Unity List – The Red–Greens', EL) is an eco-socialist political party in Denmark. It was founded in 1989 with the merger of three Marxist parties and is the most left-wing party in the Folketing, where it advocates for the expansion of the welfare state and social justice as well as the socialist transformation of Denmark and the entire globe. During the 2021 Copenhagen City Council election the party placed first, with 24.6% of the votes. The party is also active in various trade unions within Denmark.
ONS coding system
The ONS coding system was a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating census and other statistical data. ONS refers to the Office for National Statistics.

It was replaced by the GSS coding system on 1 January 2011.

Bracknell Forest
Bracknell Forest is a borough with unitary status in Berkshire, England, centred on the two towns of Bracknell and Sandhurst. It also includes the villages of Crowthorne and also includes the areas of North Ascot, Binfield, Warfield, and Winkfield. The borough borders the Berkshire boroughs of Wokingham and the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, and also parts of Surrey and Hampshire.
Scarborough, Western Australia
Scarborough is a coastal suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located approximately 14 km northwest of the city centre in the City of Stirling local government area. Located along the coast of the Indian Ocean, it was named after the English beach resort Scarborough, North Yorkshire.

It has a population of about 14,300 people (2011 census), of whom about 25% were born overseas, mostly in the United Kingdom. It has a landmark high-rise hotel, the Rendezvous Hotel Perth Scarborough, originally built as Observation City in 1986 for Alan Bond, in anticipation of a demand for accommodation when the 1987 America's Cup challenge was held at nearby Fremantle. Scarborough Beach was the venue for the Australian Surf Life Saving Championships for the years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2018 and 2023.

1987 America's Cup
The 1987 America's Cup was the twenty-sixth challenge for the America's Cup.

The American challenger Stars & Stripes 87, sailed by Dennis Conner, beat the Australian defender Kookaburra III, sailed by Iain Murray, in a four-race sweep in the best of seven series. Conner thus became the first person both to lose the America's Cup and then to win it back.

The series was held in Gage Roads off Fremantle, Western Australia during the Australian summer months between October 1986 and February 1987. The Royal Perth Yacht Club was the defending club and the organiser of the defence series. Yacht Club Costa Smeralda of Porto Cervo, Sardinia was appointed the challenger of record and hence the organiser of the challenger series.

This was the last time that 12-metre class yachts were used in the America's Cup and the first time for 132 years that it had not been defended by the New York Yacht Club.
De Bruijn factor
The de Bruijn factor is a measure of how much harder it is to write a formal mathematical proof instead of an informal one.  It was created by the Dutch computer-proof pioneer Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn.

De Bruijn computed it as the size of the formal proof over the size of the informal proof.

Freek Wiedijk refined the definition to use the compressed size of the formal proof over the compressed size of the informal proof.  He called this the "intrinsic de Bruijn Factor".  The compression removes the effect that the length of identifiers in the proofs might have.

Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn
Nicolaas Govert "Dick" de Bruijn (Dutch: [ˈnikoːlaːs ˈxoːvər də ˈbrœyn]; 9 July 1918 – 17 February 2012) was a Dutch mathematician, noted for his many contributions in the fields of analysis, number theory, combinatorics and logic.
USCGC Sycamore (WAGL-268)
USCGC Sycamore (WAGL-268), a 114-foot, 230-ton river buoy tender, was one of three such vessels (her sisters were the USCGC Dogwood (WAGL-259) and USCGC Forsythia (WAGL-63)) built to replace the stern paddlewheel steamers that the Coast Guard decided were too expensive to maintain.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
EchoStar VII
EchoStar VII is an American geostationary communications satellite which was operated by DISH Network, originally EchoStar. It was positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 119° West, from where it is used to provide high-definition television direct broadcasting services to the United States.

EchoStar VII was built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, and is based on the A2100 satellite bus. It is equipped with 32 Ku band transponders, and at launch it had a mass of 4,026 kilograms (8,876 lb), with an expected operational lifespan of around 12 years. The launch occurred from Launch Complex 36 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, on 21 February 2002. It was issued a $150,000 fine in October 2023, making it the first satellite to be fined under the FCC's anti-space debris rule.

Lockheed Martin Space
Lockheed Martin Space  is one of the four major business divisions of Lockheed Martin. It has its headquarters in Littleton, Colorado, with additional sites in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania; Sunnyvale, California; Santa Cruz, California; Huntsville, Alabama; and elsewhere in the United States and United Kingdom. The division employs about 20,000 people, and its products include commercial and military satellites, space probes, missile defense systems, NASA's Orion spacecraft, and the Space Shuttle external tank.
Fever (2014 film)
Fever (German: Fieber) is a 2014 drama film directed by Elfi Mikesch and produced by Amour Fou. The film was shot in Luxembourg, Austria, Italy and Serbia and had its world premiere in the Panorama section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. The film is set in Austria in the early 1950s.

64th Berlin International Film Festival
The 64th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 6 to 16 February 2014. Wes Anderson's film The Grand Budapest Hotel opened the festival.

British film director Ken Loach was presented with the Honorary Golden Bear. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Chinese film Black Coal, Thin Ice directed by Diao Yinan, which also served as closing film.
Landmark Life Plaza
Landmark Life Plaza (Chinese: 置地生活廣場) is a shopping mall in Bade District, Taoyuan, Taiwan that opened on January 12, 2017 as Kwong Fong Plaza (廣豐新天地). The total floor area of the mall interior is about 107,527 m2 (1,157,410 sq ft), including parking spaces.

Bade District
24°57′27.43″N 121°17′55.62″E﻿ / ﻿24.9576194°N 121.2987833°E﻿ / 24.9576194; 121.2987833

Bade District (Chinese: 八德區; pinyin: Bādé Qū) is a district in the central part of Taoyuan City, Taiwan (Republic of China). It is the smallest district by area in Taoyuan City.
Dylan Walczyk
Dylan Walczyk (born June 25, 1993, in Rochester, New York) is an American Olympic freestyle skier who is representing the United States in the Men's Moguls event at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing PRC. On February 3, 2022, in one of the games first rounds of competition Walczyk placed 10th in the initial qualifying round and made it through to the event's February 5th final where he placed 16th.

Dylan's career includes over 120 World Cup appearances, 10 World Ski Championships starts, and two podium finishes. Dylan holds the title of being the only athlete to win the FIS NorAm Tour three times. Dylan has accumulated Over 50 World Cup Top 10 finishes an over 12 Top 5 finishes.

Freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's moguls
The men's moguls competition in freestyle skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics were held on 3 February (qualification) and 5 February (final), at the Genting Snow Park in Zhangjiakou. Walter Wallberg of Sweden won the event. Mikaël Kingsbury of Canada became the silver medalist, and Ikuma Horishima from Japan took the bronze. For Wallberg and Horishima this is the first Olympic medal.

The defending champion was Mikaël Kingsbury. The 2018 silver medalist, Matt Graham and the bronze medalist, Daichi Hara, qualified for the Olympics as well. At the 2021–22 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup, Kingsbury led the ranking before the Olympics, closely followed by Ikuma Horishima. Kingsbury is also the 2021 world champion, with Benjamin Cavet and Pavel Kolmakov being the silver and third medalists, respectively.
Shokuiku
Shokuiku (Kanji: 食育) is the Japanese term for "food education". The law defines it as the "acquisition of knowledge about food and nutrition, as well as the ability to make appropriate decisions through practical experience with food, with the aim of developing people's ability to live on a healthy diet".

Diet (nutrition)
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.
The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related). Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos. This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons. Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy.

Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids from protein and essential fatty acids from fat-containing food, also food energy in the form of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life, health and longevity.
Comic Art Convention
The Comic Art Convention (CAC) was an American comic book fan convention held annually New York City, New York, over Independence Day weekend from 1968 through 1983, except for 1977, when it was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and 1978 to 1979, when editions of the convention were held in both New York and Philadelphia. The first large-scale comics convention, and one of the largest gatherings of its kind until the Comic-Con International in San Diego, California, it grew into a major trade and fan convention. It was founded by Phil Seuling, a Brooklyn, New York City, teacher, who later developed the concept of comic-book direct marketing, which led to the rise to the modern comic book store.

The New York Comic Art Convention's growth in popularity coincided with the increasing media attention on comics that had been building since the mid-1960s, feeding off the then novel notions of comics being a subject worthy of serious critical study and collectibility.

Julius Schwartz
Julius "Julie" Schwartz (/ʃwɔːrts/ SHWORTS; June 19, 1915 – February 8, 2004) was an American comic book editor, and a science fiction agent. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He is best known as a longtime editor at DC Comics, where at various times he was primary editor over the company's flagship superheroes, Superman and Batman.

He was inducted into the comics industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1996 and the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1997.
Famine Song
The "Famine Song" is a song sung by some Ulster loyalists in Ulster and Scotland and is normally directed at Catholics and, in Scotland, Irish people, those of Irish descent or those with perceived affiliations to Ireland. It is also sung by fans of Scottish football club Rangers due to rival Celtic's Irish roots. Set to the tune of "The John B. Sails" popularised by Carl Sandburg, the lyrics of the song make reference to the 1840s' Great Famine of Ireland. The song is often heard at loyalist marches in Northern Ireland. "The Famine Song" has received criticism due to the racist and sectarian nature of its lyrics and, in some cases, those singing it have received criminal convictions.

Carl Sandburg
Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor.  He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as "a major figure in contemporary literature", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920). He enjoyed "unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life". When he died in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that "Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America."
Chitinase A N-terminal domain
In molecular biology, the chitinase A N-terminal domain is found at the N-terminus of a number of bacterial chitinases and similar viral proteins. It is organised into a fibronectin III module domain-like fold, comprising only beta strands. Its function is not known, but it may be involved in interaction with the enzyme substrate, chitin. It is separated by a hinge region from the catalytic domain; this hinge region is probably mobile, allowing the N-terminal domain to have different relative positions in solution.

Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n (/ˈkaɪtɪn/ KY-tin) is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chitin are produced each year in the biosphere. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi (especially filamentous and mushroom-forming fungi), the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects, the radulae, cephalopod beaks and gladii of molluscs and in some nematodes and diatoms.
It is also synthesised by at least some fish and lissamphibians. Commercially, chitin is extracted from the shells of crabs, shrimps, shellfish and lobsters, which are major by-products of the seafood industry. The structure of chitin is comparable to cellulose, forming crystalline nanofibrils or whiskers. It is functionally comparable to the protein keratin. Chitin has proved useful for several medicinal, industrial and biotechnological purposes.
Mother (2017 Spanish film)
Mother (Spanish: Madre) is a 2017 Spanish short drama film, directed by Rodrigo Sorogoyen. It premiered at the 2017 Málaga Film Festival and was also screened at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival. It won the Goya Award for Best Fictional Short Film at the 32nd Goya Awards and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 91st Academy Awards.

Málaga Film Festival
The Málaga Festival, formerly Málaga Spanish Film Festival (FMCE), is an annual film festival held in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. The festival was established to promote Spanish cinema and help disseminate information about Spanish films. Since 2017, it features an additional focus on Ibero-American films.

In 2024, it became a FIAPF-accredited film festival, as a competitive film festival specialized in Spanish-language cinema.
DDC-I
DDC-I, Inc. is a privately held company providing software development of real-time operating systems, software development tools, and software services for safety-critical embedded applications, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona.  It was first created in 1985 as the Danish firm DDC International A/S (also known as DDC-I A/S), a commercial outgrowth of Dansk Datamatik Center, a Danish software research and development organization of the 1980s.  The American subsidiary was created in 1986.  For many years, the firm specialized in language compilers for the programming language Ada.

The Danish office was closed in 2003 and all operations moved to the Phoenix location.  In 2008, DDC-I entered the embedded real-time operating system market, where its major product is Deos. Aimed at avionics and military applications, Deos has a history of certifications to DO-178B/DO-178C DAL A as well as to other standards for safety-critical software  in airborne systems.

ARINC 653
ARINC 653 (Avionics Application Software Standard Interface) is a software specification for space and time partitioning in safety-critical avionics real-time operating systems (RTOS). It allows the hosting of multiple applications of different software levels on the same hardware in the context of an integrated modular avionics architecture.

It is part of ARINC 600-Series Standards for Digital Aircraft & Flight Simulators.
2020 Menards.com 200
The 2020 Menards.com 200 Presented by SPxE was the ninth stock car race of the 2020 ARCA Menards Series, the fourth race of the 2020 Sioux Chief Showdown, and the first of two back-to-back races of the weekend. The race was held on Friday, July 31, 2020,  in Toledo, Ohio, at Toledo Speedway, a 0.5 miles (0.80 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Sam Mayer of GMS Racing would dominate the late stages of the race to win his first career ARCA Menards Series win and his first win of the season. To fill out the podium, Ty Gibbs of Joe Gibbs Racing and Taylor Gray of DGR-Crosley would finish second and third, respectively.

Ty Gibbs
Tyler Randall Gibbs (born October 4, 2002) is an American professional stock car racing driver and team owner. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 54 Toyota Camry XSE for Joe Gibbs Racing. Gibbs was the 2022 NASCAR Xfinity Series champion and 2021 ARCA Menards Series champion. He is the grandson of former NFL Hall-of-Famer and NASCAR team owner Joe Gibbs. He is also the owner of JGR's No. 54 in the O'Reilly Auto Parts Series.
German submarine U-141 (1940)
German submarine U-141 was a Type IID U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 12 December 1939 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 270. She was launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 21 August 1940 with Oberleutnant zur See Heinz-Otto Schultze in command.

U-141 began her service life with the 1st U-boat Flotilla. She was then assigned to the 3rd flotilla and subsequently to the 21st flotilla where she conducted four patrols, sinking four ships and damaging another, between May and September 1941. She spent the rest of the war as a training vessel, moving over to the 31st flotilla.

She was scuttled on 5 May 1945.

Heinz-Otto Schultze
Heinz-Otto Schultze (13 September 1915 in Kiel – 25 November 1943 in the South Atlantic) was a German U-boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. He is credited with the sinking of 20 ships for a total of 67,991 gross register tons (GRT) plus damaging a further two ships for a total of 15,666 GRT.
Mats Haldin
Mats Haldin (born 17 May 1975) is a Finnish orienteering competitor and two-time European champion with the Finnish relay team. He received a silver medal with the Finnish relay team at the 2003 World Orienteering Championships in Rapperswil/Jona, and again in 2006 in Aarhus. He received a bronze medal in relay at the 2007 World Championships in Kyiv. At the 2009 World Orienteering Championships in Miskolc he won a bronze medal in the relay, together with Topi Anjala and Tero Föhr.

His wife is Czech orienteer Vendula Klechová. Daughter Hanna was born on 25 May 2011.

Haldin won the Jukola relay three times, in 2003, 2010 and 2011, for Halden SK.

Miskolc
Miskolc (UK: /ˈmiːʃkɒlts/ MEESH-kolts, US: /ˈmɪʃkoʊlts/ MISH-kohlts; Hungarian: [ˈmiʃkolt͡s] ⓘ; Czech and Slovak: Miškovec; German: Mischkolz; Yiddish: Mishkoltz; Romanian: Mișcolț) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 143,502 as of 2024, Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary, behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged. It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.
Ana Paula Scheffer
Ana Paula Scheffer (18 August 1989 – 16 October 2020) was a Brazilian individual rhythmic gymnast.

She represented her nation at international competitions. She competed at world championships, including at the 2009 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

Scheffer was discovered dead at her home in Toledo, Paraná suffering from heart attack on October 16, 2020, aged 31.

Toledo, Paraná
Toledo is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Paraná. It is located in the western region of the state, near Cascavel. As of 2021, its population is 142,645 inhabitants.

The road distance to the state capital is 540 km.
Palaw Township
Palaw Township (Burmese: ပုလောမြို့နယ်) is a township of Myeik District in the Taninthayi Region of Burma (Myanmar). The principal town and administrative seat is Palaw. The township has two other towns - Palauk and Pala.

Townships of Myanmar
Townships (Burmese: မြို့နယ်, Mrui.nay; IPA: [mjo̰nɛ̀]) are the third-level administrative divisions of Myanmar. They are the sub-divisions of the districts of Myanmar. According to the Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU), as of December 2015, there are 330 townships in Myanmar.

Townships are the basic administrative unit of local governance and are the only type of administrative division that cover all of Myanmar. A township is administered by a township administrator, a civil servant appointed through the General Administration Department (GAD) of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MOHA). The minister of home affairs is to be appointed by the military according to the 2008 constitution. Townships are supervised by districts.