hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Douglas J. Futuyma
Douglas Joel Futuyma (born 24 April 1942) is an American evolutionary biologist. He is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York and a Research Associate on staff at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. His research focuses on speciation and population biology. Futuyma is the author of a widely used undergraduate textbook on evolution and is also known for his work in public outreach, particularly in advocating against creationism.

Stony Brook, New York
Stony Brook is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the North Shore of Long Island. Begun in the colonial era as an agricultural enclave, the hamlet experienced growth first as a resort town and then to its current state as one of Long Island's major tourist towns and centers of education. Despite being referred to as a village by residents and tourists alike, Stony Brook has never been legally incorporated by the state. The population was 13,740 at the 2010 census.

The CDP is adjacent to the main campus of Stony Brook University, the largest public university in New York by area, and also The Stony Brook School, a private college preparatory school. It is also home to the Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages and the Stony Brook Village Center, a privately maintained commercial center planned in the style of a traditional New England village.
Justin Masterson
Justin Daniel Masterson (born March 22, 1985) is a Jamaican-American former professional baseball starting pitcher. Drafted by the Red Sox in the second round of the 2006 MLB draft from San Diego State University, he made his MLB debut two years later. Masterson also played in MLB for the Cleveland Indians and St. Louis Cardinals. Known for primarily throwing a sinking fastball, the right-hander stands 6 ft 6 in (198 cm) tall, and weighs 250 lb (110 kg).

A former All-Star selection, Masterson placed in the top-ten in the American League multiple categories in 2013, including wins, strikeouts, complete games, hits per nine innings pitched, and strikeouts per nine innings pitched. He was the first Red Sox pitcher since Fenway Park's 1912 opening to make his first four consecutive starts there and not lose any of them.

Hits per nine innings
In baseball statistics, hits per nine innings (denoted by H/9) is the average number of hits allowed by a pitcher in a nine inning period; calculated as: (hits allowed x 9) / innings pitched.  This is a measure of a pitcher's success based on the number of all outs he records.

Compared to a pitcher's batting average against, a pitcher's H/9 benefits from sacrifice bunts, double plays, runners caught stealing, and outfield assist, but it is hurt by some errors. Unlike batting average against, a pitcher's H/9 benefits from outs that are not related to official at bats, as they are recorded on runners after they have reached base.

As of June 2024, Nolan Ryan is the career leader (6.5553), Sandy Koufax is #2 (6.7916), Clayton Kershaw is #3 (6.8160).
Fearless Lad
Fearless Lad (10 March 1979 – June 2006) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. Trained throughout his racing career in Yorkshire, he showed considerable promise as a juvenile in 1981, winning two of his four races including the Doncaster Stakes. In the following year he emerged as a top-class sprinter, recording his biggest win in the Group One King's Stand Stakes and finishing second in the Prix de l'Abbaye. He was almost as good as a four-year-old when he won the Temple Stakes. He was retired from racing at the end of the year and stood as a breeding stallion in Britain and South Africa but had no success as a sire of winners.

Temple Stakes
The Temple Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Haydock Park over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.

The event was established in 1965, and it was originally held at Sandown Park. It was transferred to its present venue in 2008.

The leading horses from the Temple Stakes often go on to compete in the King Charles III Stakes. The last to win both races in the same year was Profitable in 2016.
143rd (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
143rd Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment was an air defence unit of Britain's Royal Artillery formed during World War II. It started out as a 'Mixed' regiment with around two-thirds of its personnel being women from the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS). The regiment defended the West of England from 1942 to the end of the war when it moved to South East England. The regiment continued (as an all-male unit) in the postwar British Army.

West Country
The West Country is a loosely defined area within South West England, usually taken to include the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Bristol, with some considering it to extend to all or parts of Wiltshire, Gloucestershire and Herefordshire. The West Country has a distinctive regional English dialect and accent, and is also home to the Cornish language.
Lyubitskoye
Lyubitskoye (Russian: Любицкое) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Lyubitskoye, a village in Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast

Lyubitskoye, a selo in Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast

Lyubitskoye, a selo in Pugachyovsky District, Saratov Oblast

Lyubitskoye, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast
Lyubitskoye (Russian: Любицкое) is a rural locality (a village) in Druzhnensky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kurchatovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  81 (2010 census); 142 (2002 census);
Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital
Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital (CMHH) is a nationally ranked women's and pediatric acute care teaching hospital located in Houston, Texas. The hospital has 234 pediatric beds and 76 beds for women. CMHH is affiliated with McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and is a part of the Memorial Hermann Health System. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Houston and surrounding regions. Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. CMHH also features an American College of Surgeons designated Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center, 1 of 5 in the state. The hospital is located within the vast Texas Medical Center.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Internet Speech Audio Codec
internet Speech Audio Codec (iSAC) is a wideband speech codec, developed by Global IP Solutions (GIPS) (acquired by Google Inc in 2011). It is suitable for VoIP applications and streaming audio. The encoded blocks have to be encapsulated in a suitable protocol for transport, e.g. RTP.

It is one of the codecs used by AIM Triton, the Gizmo5, QQ, and Google Talk. It was formerly a proprietary codec licensed by Global IP Solutions. As of June 2011, it is part of open source WebRTC project, which includes a royalty-free license for iSAC when using the WebRTC codebase.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Takao Hayashi
Takao Hayashi (born 1949) is a Japanese mathematics educator, historian of mathematics specializing in Indian mathematics.  Hayashi was born in  Niigata, Japan. He obtained Bachelor of Science degree form  Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan in 1974, Master of Arts degree from Tohuku University, Sendai, Japan in 1976 and a postgraduate degree from Kyoto University, Japan in 1979. He secured the Doctor of Philosophy degree from Brown University, USA in 1985 under the guidance of David Pingree. 
He was a researcher at Mehta Research Institute for Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, Allahabad, India during 1982–1983, a lecturer at Kyoto Women's College during 1985–1987. He joined  Doshisha University, Kyoto as a lecturer in history of science in 1986 and was promoted as professor in 1995. He has also worked in various universities in Japan in different capacities.

Doshisha University
Doshisha University (同志社大学, Dōshisha daigaku), also referred to as Dodai (同大, Dōdai), is a private university in Kyoto, Japan. Established in 1875, it is one of Japan's oldest private institutions of higher learning, and has approximately 30,000 students enrolled on four campuses in Kyoto. It is one of Japan's "Global 30" universities and a member of "Kan-Kan-Dō-Ritsu" (関関同立), a group of four leading private universities in western Japan's Kansai region, along with Kansai University, Kwansei Gakuin University, and Ritsumeikan University.
Revolutionary Sotsial-Demokrat Organisation
The Revolutionary Sotsial-Demokrat Organisation was an organisation of Russian socialists, formed by the members of the Emancipation of Labour group and their supporters in May 1900, following the split of the Union of Russian Social-Democrats Abroad at its Second Congress. In October 1901, on the proposal of Vladimir Lenin, the revolutionary Sotsial-Demokrat organisation united with the Iskra organisation abroad into the League of Russian Revolutionary Social-Democracy Abroad.

Iskra
Iskra (Russian: Искра, IPA: [ˈiskrə], the Spark) was a fortnightly political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP).
ACeIO F.C.
ACeIO Football Club, also known as ACeIO FC Integrity Champion or simply ACeIO, formerly MySPRM-ACeIO, is a Malaysian football club based in Putrajaya, Federal Territories of Malaysia. The club is owned by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (Malay: Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia) and currently competes in the Malaysia A2 Amateur League, the third tier of the Malaysian football league system.

Piala Emas Raja-Raja
Piala Emas Raja–Raja (English: Kings Gold Cup or Sultans Gold Cup) is a regional annual football competition held between the states in Malaysia. The competition is managed by the Malaysian Malay's Football Association. The competition has been held for a long time, and the first known recorded champion was Perak in 1927.
Lars Sørlien
Lars Tjugum Sørlien (born 12 April 1980) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.

Coming through the junior ranks of Kongsvinger, he made his senior debut in the 1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup against FC Twente. He did not become a team regular until Kongsvinger were relegated to the 1. divisjon. In addition to 62 league games he featured in 3 cup games. In 2003 he moved to the Trondheim university sports club NTNUI, finishing his career in neighboring team Nidelv IL.

NTNUI
Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitets Idrettsforening, NTNUI, is the largest sports club in Norway with more than 10,000 members and a variety of participators on all levels of skills in more than 50 different sports. The athletic association is formally connected to the Norwegian University of Science and Technology located in Trondheim. The club has facilities at Dragvoll, Gløshaugen, Moholt and Solsiden.

The club was formed after the merge of several educational institutions in 1996, which resulted in the university NTNU. The largest of the merging sports clubs was NTHI.

NTNUI's cross-country skiing group is the sports club with the highest number of participants in the Norwegian ski marathon Birkebeinerrennet (170 participants in 2010).
Tsentralnyi Stadium (Bokhtar)
Bokhtar Markazii Stadium or Bokhtar Central Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Bokhtar, Tajikistan.  It is used mostly for football matches and serves as the home of Vakhsh Bokhtar and Tajik Telecom Qurghonteppa, both of the Ligai Olii Tojikiston. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000 people.

37°49′52″N 68°46′38″E﻿ / ﻿37.83111°N 68.77722°E﻿ / 37.83111; 68.77722

Tajikistan Higher League
The Ligai Olii Tojikiston or Tajikistan Top League (Tajik: Лигаи Олии Тоҷикистон; Russian: Высшая лига Таджикистана, romanized: Vysshaya liga Tadzhikistana) is the top division of professional football in Tajikistan. It is part of the Tajikistan Football League Organization and Tajikistan Football Federation.

It was founded in 1992, with 8 clubs participating. The first champion of the league was CSKA Pomir Dushanbe. Currently the most successful team is FC Istiklol.
Lyra McKee
Lyra Catherine McKee (/ˈlɪərə məˈkiː/ 31 March 1990 – 18 April 2019) was a journalist from Northern Ireland who wrote for several publications about the consequences of the Troubles. She also served as an editor for Mediagazer, a news aggregator website. On 18 April 2019, McKee was fatally shot while observing rioting in the Creggan area of Derry.

Altnagelvin Area Hospital
Altnagelvin Area Hospital is the main hospital for the North West of Northern Ireland. It is located in Waterside, Derry. It provides services to the city of Derry and County Londonderry, but also some specialist and acute services for parts of neighbouring County Donegal, County Tyrone, County Antrim and County Fermanagh. It is managed by the Western Health and Social Care Trust.
Peter Carl Fabergé
Peter Carl Gustavovich Fabergé (Russian: Петер Карл Густавович Фаберже, romanized: Peter Karl Gustavovich Faberzhe; 30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1846 – 24 September 1920; also known as Charles Fabergé) was a Russian goldsmith and jeweller. He is best known for creating Fabergé eggs made in the style of genuine Easter eggs, but using precious metals and gemstones rather than more mundane materials. He was one of the sons of Gustav Fabergé, the founder of the House of Fabergé.

Goldsmith
A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Modern goldsmiths mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, they have also made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items.

Goldsmiths must be skilled in forming metal through filing, soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing. The trade has very often included jewelry-making skills, as well as the very similar skills of the silversmith. Traditionally, these skills had been passed along through apprenticeships; more recently jewelry arts schools, specializing in teaching goldsmithing and a multitude of skills falling under the jewelry arts umbrella, are available. Many universities and junior colleges also offer goldsmithing, silversmithing, and metal arts fabrication as a part of their fine arts curriculum.
Michael Coelli
Michael "Mick" Coelli is an Australian academic and labour economist. He is currently a professor of economics at the University of Melbourne.

He appears in the Australian media on the topic of economics and has been published in The Conversation, The Melbourne Institute, and The Tax and Transfer Policy Institute.

His research papers mainly focus on the Australian labour market, education economics, and gender earnings gaps.

Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research
The Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (often simply referred to as "The Melbourne Institute") is an Australian economic research institute based in Melbourne, Victoria. The institute is a department of the Faculty of Business and Economics at the University of Melbourne.
Baldwin DS-4-4-1000
The Baldwin DS-4-4-1000 were two models of four-axle 1,000 horsepower (746 kW) diesel–electric switcher locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1946 and 1951. The first models (56 locomotives) were powered by an 8-cylinder normally aspirated prime mover, but from 1948, a change was made to the second model powered by a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine. These two models replaced the VO-1000 in Baldwin's catalogue, and were in turn replaced by the S-12 in 1951.

Diesel–electric powertrain
A diesel-electric transmission, or diesel-electric powertrain, is a transmission system powered by diesel engines which generate electricity for electric motors for vehicles in road, rail, and marine transport. Diesel-electric transmission is similar to petrol-electric transmission, which is powered by petrol engines.

Diesel-electric transmission is used on railways by diesel-electric locomotives and diesel-electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque from 0 RPM. Diesel-electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some other land vehicles.
Richmond Tigers (baseball)
The Richmond Tigers were a minor league baseball team based in Richmond, Indiana. From 1949 to 1951, the "Tigers" played as members of the Class D level Ohio–Indiana League as an affiliate of the Detroit Tigers. Richmond began play in the Ohio–Indiana League as the Richmond "Roses," who played in the Class D level Ohio State League in 1946 and 1947, before the league changed names in 1948. The Roses were an affiliate of the Boston Braves. The Richmond teams hosted minor league home games at Municipal Ball Park.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Jim Bunning played for the 1950 Richmond Tigers in his first professional season.

Richmond, Indiana
Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.
Francis Awesa
Francis Awesa (born 16 August 1951) is a Papua New Guinean politician. A former Premier of the Southern Highlands under the old provincial government system, he was a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 2007 to 2017, representing the electorate of Imbonggu Open. A Papua New Guinea Party member in his first term, he subsequently switched to the People's National Congress after PNC leader Peter O'Neill became Prime Minister in 2011. He was Minister for Transport, Works and Civil Aviation (2011), Minister for Transport and Works (2011-2012) and Minister for Works and Implementation (2012-2017) in the government of Peter O'Neill.

Imbonggu District
Imbonggu District is a district of the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea.  Its capital currently is Walume, but previously it was Ialibu Station.  The population was 80,994 at the 2011 census.
1928 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1928 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 6, 1928. Incumbent Republican Senator Lynn Frazier, who was first elected in 1922, sought re-election. Frazier faced former Governor Ragnvald Nestos in the Republican primary, and won re-nomination. In the general election, he faced F. F. Burchard, a gubernatorial appointee to the state mill. Frazier won his second term in a landslide over Burchard, winning by the largest margin for a Republican Senate candidate in North Dakota until 2016.

North Dakota Mill and Elevator
The North Dakota Mill and Elevator is the largest flour mill in the United States. It is located in the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Established by the state government when it was led by Nonpartisan League representatives, it is the only state-owned milling facility in the United States. It is overseen by the North Dakota Industrial Commission, whose members are all public officers elected by popular vote.
Respect
Respect, also called esteem, is a positive feeling or deferential action shown towards someone or something considered important or held in high esteem or regard. It conveys a sense of admiration for good or valuable qualities. It is also the process of honoring someone by exhibiting care, concern, or consideration for their needs or feelings.

In many cultures, people are considered to be worthy of respect until they prove otherwise. Some people may earn special respect through their exemplary actions or social roles. In "honor cultures", respect is more often earned in this way than granted by default. Courtesies that show respect may include simple words and phrases like "thank you" in the West or "namaste" in the Indian subcontinent, or simple physical signs like a slight bow, a smile, direct eye contact, or a handshake. Such acts may have very different interpretations depending on the cultural context.  The end goal is for all people to be treated with respect.

Eye contact
Eye contact occurs when two people or non-human animals look at each other's eyes at the same time. In people, eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication and can have a large influence on social behavior. Coined in the early to mid-1960s, the term came from the West to often define the act as a meaningful and important sign of confidence and respect. The customs, meaning, and significance of eye contact can vary greatly between societies, neurotypes, and religions.

The study of eye contact is sometimes known as oculesics.
Salamis (butterfly)
Salamis is a genus of nymphalid butterflies. They are commonly known as mother-of-pearls and are found in Africa. Salamis was a nymph in Greek mythology, the daughter of the river god Asopus and Metope, daughter of the Ladon, another river god.

Ladon (river)
The Ladon (Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Λάδων, Ládōn; Demotic Greek: Λάδωνας, Ládōnas) is a river in the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It features in Greek mythology. It is a tributary to the river Alfeios, which empties into the Ionian Sea. It is 70 km (43 mi) long.