hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coleman v. Thompson
Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722 (1991), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States on June 24, 1991. The Court held that the petitioner, Roger Keith Coleman, was barred from raising his claims of federal constitutional violations in a federal habeas court, because he had previously procedurally defaulted these claims in state habeas proceedings. This default had occurred because Coleman's lawyers inadvertently filed their notice of appeal three days later than required by the rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

Supreme Court of Virginia
The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  It primarily hears direct appeals in civil cases from the trial-level city and county circuit courts, as well as the criminal law, family law and administrative law cases that are initially appealed to the Court of Appeals of Virginia. Established in 1779 as the Supreme Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court of Virginia is one of the oldest continuously active judicial bodies in the United States.
Battle of Kolding (1849)
The Battle of Kolding was fought between a Prussian army under Eduard von Bonin and the Danish army under Frederik Rubeck Bülow in Eastern Jutland. The Prussians were victorious and the Danish army were forced to retreat towards Vejle and Fredericia.

Fredericia
Fredericia (Danish pronunciation: [fʁeðɐˈʁetɕæ, fʁæðɐˈʁætɕæ]) is a town located in Fredericia Municipality in the southeastern part of the Jutland peninsula in Denmark. The city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Kolding and Vejle. It was founded in 1650 by Frederick III, after whom it was named.

The city itself has a population of 41,543 (1 January 2025) and the Fredericia Municipality has a population of 52,616 (2025).
1937 Australian Championships
The 1937 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 22 January to 1 February. It was the 30th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 8th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians Vivian McGrath and Nancye Wynne.

Emily Hood Westacott
Emily Hood Westacott (née Hood; 6 May 1910– 9 October 1980), was an Australian female tennis player in the 1930s.

In 1930 she won the national junior singles and doubles titles as well as the doubles title with Margaret Molesworth. Due to illness she played little tennis in 1935 and the first half of 1936.

She won the Australian Championship singles in 1939, defeating Nell Hopman in straight sets. In 1937 she was a finalist losing in the final to Nancye Wynne Bolton in three sets. Together with Margaret Molesworth, she won three women's doubles titles at the Australian Championships in 1930, 1933, and 1934.

In 1939 the Queensland Lawn Tennis Association proposed to send Westacott and May Hardcastle to the Wimbledon Championships, but Westacott declined due to illness of her mother.

She married Victor Clyde Westacott on 20 August 1930 at the Methodist Church in Brisbane.
Johor Military Forces
The Royal Johor Military Force (Abbr.: JMF; Malay: Askar Timbalan Setia Negeri Johor — ATSNJ; “Johor State’s Loyal Deputy Army”) (Jawi: عسكر تيمبلن ستيا نڬري جوهر‎) is an independent military force of the state of Johor and the private royal guard of Sultan of Johor in Malaysia. The JMF is Malaysia's oldest active military unit still in operation and the only military in the Federation that is maintained by a state. The force comes under the control of the Sultan. Its headquarters are located at Sultan Ibrahim Camp, Johor Bahru.

The retention of the army was one of the stipulations in 1946 which Johor made when it participated in the Federation of Malaya. The Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of Malaysia states that the Malaysian federal government is solely responsible for foreign policy and military forces in the country. The JMF will be involved under the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) during any kind of emergency and armed conflict as an infantry unit.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Farmville and Powhatan Railroad
In 1886, Randolph Harrison, of the Virginia department of Agriculture, cited Cumberland Mining Company, stating that businessmen would soon open a hotel at Lithia Springs, Farmville, VA for people seeking the healing waters. The Brighthope railway would be extended to bring them there. But instead, the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad Company built the narrow gauge rails through Cumberland County and the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad Company bought the Brighthope Railway, so the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad made the connection. In 1890, Beach Station was built with a railroad depot, some railroad shanties, a general store and an owner's house, the George Perdue House as a stop on the line.

Virginia State Route 45
State Route 45 (SR 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 39.72 miles (63.92 km) from the junction of U.S. Route 15 Business (US 15 Business) and US 460 Business in Farmville north to SR 6 at Georges Tavern.  SR 45 is the primary north–south highway of Cumberland County, where the highway meets US 60 near the county seat, Cumberland.
Dragan Šutanovac
Dragan Šutanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Шутановац, [drǎɡan ʃutǎːnoʋat͡s]; born 24 July 1968) is a Serbian politician who has served as ambassador of Serbia to the United States of America since 2025. He served as the minister of defence from 2007 to 2012 and as the president of the Democratic Party from 2016 to 2018.

Ministry of Defence (Serbia)
The Ministry of Defence (Serbian: Министарство одбране, romanized: Ministarstvo odbrane) is a ministry in the Government of Serbia which is in charge of national defence of Serbia. The current minister is Bratislav Gašić, in office since 2 May 2024.
KLOQ (band)
KLOQ (pronounced "clock") is an electronic rock band that was formed in Chelmsford, Essex in 2005 by Oz Morsley of Empirion. The current lineup is Dean Goodwin (Vocals), Oz Morsley (Keys, Electronics), Tim Jackson (Bass), and Chris Jacobs (Drums). Kloq has released two studio albums: Move Forward (2008) and Begin Again (2013).

The band's music and sound have evolved through many genres over the years including trance, EBM, electro-industrial, alternative rock, punk rock and electronic rock.

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala (Spanish pronunciation: ['xoɾxe eʎ'eθeɾ gai'tan aʝala]; 23 January 1903 – 9 April 1948) was a Colombian politician and statesman who was the leader of the Liberal Party. A nationalist, he served as the mayor of Bogotá from 1936–37, the national Education Minister from 1940–41, and the Labor Minister from 1943–44.

He was assassinated during his second presidential campaign in 1948, setting off the Bogotazo  and leading to the outbreak of a brutal ten-year civil war in Colombia known as La Violencia (1948–1958). His ideas, known as Gaitanismo, are considered a form of liberal socialism in Colombia.

Ministry of Labour (Colombia)
The Ministry of Labour (Spanish: Ministerio del Trabajo) is the national executive ministry of Colombia in charge of formulating, implementing, and orienting labour policy and labour relations to stimulate job growth through job creation programs. It is also in charge of labour rights, pensions, and occupational safety and health in Colombia.The post of Minister of Labour in Colombia is held by Gloria Inés Ramírez.
Lazy in the Sun
Lazy in the Sun is a 1951 Australian radio drama by Max Afford. It was one of Afford's most acclaimed works. It explored the notion of Australia's responsibilities to the world.

The play was broadcast in October 1951 and repeated in December of that year. It was published in a collection of Afford's works in 1974.

The Age said the play "had several faults, but it possessed dramatic shape and was not built on a series of scrappy incidents like most of the Australian plays we are given." He said the play's "theme was labored far too much, to the neglect of essential drama, but the play was worth hearing."

Leslie Rees called it "moralistic...  but with the aid of sincere attitudes and skill in maintaining faith in his people as people, the author clears a difficult hurdle".

Leslie Rees (writer)
George Leslie Clarke Rees AM (28 December 1905 – 17 August 2000) also known as Leslie Clarence Rees, was an Australian writer of children's literature, travel books and drama, as well as publishing numerous article and essays. His most critically acclaimed work was the "Making of Australian Drama" in two volumes, covering the history of the genre from the 1830s until 1985.

He was best known as the drama editor at the Australian Broadcasting Commission from 1936 and 1966.
Lester Grinspoon
Lester Grinspoon (June 24, 1928 – June 25, 2020) was an American psychiatrist and associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard University, best known for his work on the science and social policy of cannabis, psychedelics and other drugs, prompting his ensuing commitment to the reformation of drug policies. He concurrently served as a senior psychiatrist at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center for 40 years. Grinspoon was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Psychiatric Association. He was founding editor of The American Psychiatric Association Annual Review and Harvard Mental Health Letter. Grinspoon was editor of Harvard Mental Health Letter for fifteen years.

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
El Gran Show season 4
Season one of the 2011 edition of El Gran Show premiered on April 14, 2011.

This season, the "public's favorite couple" was not realized more in the program. In addition, the "lifeguard" was added, a special wildcard that the judges could use to save one of the eliminated couples.

On July 23, 2011, Raúl Zuazo and Dayana Calla were crowned champions, Leslie Shaw and Kevin Ubillus finished second, while Vanessa Terkes and Andy Sandoval finished third.

Pachanga
Pachanga is a genre of music which is described as a mixture of son montuno and merengue and has an accompanying signature style of dance. This type of music has a festive, lively style and is marked by jocular, mischievous lyrics. Pachanga originated in Cuba in the 1950s and played an important role in the evolution of Caribbean style music as it is today. Considered a prominent contributor to the eventual rise of salsa, Pachanga itself is an offshoot music played by charangas. Very similar in sound to Cha-Cha but with a notably stronger down-beat, Pachanga once experienced massive popularity all across the Caribbean and was brought to the United States by Cuban immigrants post World War II. This led to an explosion of Pachanga music in Cuban music clubs that influenced Latin culture in the United States for decades to come.
Chakrabarti Inquiry
The Chakrabarti Inquiry was a 2016 investigation into allegations of antisemitism and other forms of racism in the United Kingdom's Labour Party. Chaired by barrister Shami Chakrabarti, the inquiry was launched following comments made by two prominent Labour figures, Naz Shah and Ken Livingstone, that some asserted were antisemitic in nature; Shah, a Member of parliament, and Livingstone, the former mayor of London, were subsequently suspended from the party pending an investigation.

The inquiry presented its findings on 30 June 2016, stating that although antisemitism and other types of racism were not endemic within the Labour Party, there was an "occasionally toxic atmosphere".

David Feldman (historian)
David Feldman FRHistS is a professor at Birkbeck College, University of London. Feldman is director of the Birkbeck Institute for the study of Antisemitism. His research relates to the history of minorities and their place in British society from 1600 to the current time. He is an editor of History Workshop Journal.
Starbomb (album)
Starbomb is the debut studio album by American comedy supergroup Starbomb, composed of Dan Avidan and Brian Wecht of American comedy rock duo Ninja Sex Party and Flash animator and Internet personality Arin Hanson. Starbomb brings together the mostly sexually provocative musical stylings of Ninja Sex Party and the video game-based humor of Hanson. The album was released on December 17, 2013. Starbomb later collaborated on a second album, Player Select, released on December 16, 2014.

Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players.
Theaetetus of Cyrene
Theaetetus of Cyrene (/ˌθiːɪˈtiːtəs/; Ancient Greek: Θεαίτητος ὁ Κυρηναῖος) was a Greek poet who flourished in the 3rd century BC.

Theaetetus is mentioned in an epigram by Callimachus, a fellow native of Cyrene. In Epigram 7 (in the edition of Pfeiffer), Callimachus writes:

ἦλθε Θεαίτητος καθαρὴν ὁδόν. εἰ δ᾽ ἐπὶ κισσὸν

τὸν τεὸν οὐχ αὕτη, Βάκχε, κέλευθος ἄλει,

ἄλλων μὲν κήρυκες ἐπὶ βραχὺν οὔνομα καιρὸν

φθέγξονται, κείνου δ᾽ Ἑλλὰς ἀεὶ σοφίην.

Theaetetus travelled a splendid path. If that path, Bacchus, leads not to thine ivy wreath - other men's names the heralds will voice a little while, but his skill Hellas will voice for ever.

The "ivy wreath" Callimachus mentions is the prize for dramatic competitions, from which it is possible to deduce that Theaetetus composed dramatic works. There is no reason to suspect, however, that he is not also the Theaetetus to whom six epigrams in the Palatine Anthology are ascribed.

Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, "inscription", from ἐπιγράφειν [epigráphein], "to write on, to inscribe"). This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

The presence of wit or sarcasm tends to distinguish non-poetic epigrams from aphorisms and adages, which typically do not show those qualities.
Mercy Mavericks
The Mercy University Mavericks are the athletic teams that represents Mercy University located in Dobbs Ferry, New York, United States in intercollegiate sports as a member of the NCAA Division II ranks, primarily competing in the East Coast Conference.

Dobbs Ferry, New York
Dobbs Ferry is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 10,875 according to the 2010 United States census. In 2021, its population rose to an estimated 11,456. The village of Dobbs Ferry is located in, and is a part of, the town of Greenburgh. The village ZIP Code is 10522. Most of the village falls within the boundaries of the Dobbs Ferry Union Free School District.

Dobbs Ferry was ranked seventh in the list of the top 10 places to live in New York State for 2014, according to the national online real estate brokerage Movoto. Dobbs Ferry is also the first village in New York State certified as a Climate Smart Community and was granted in 2014 the highest level given out in the state.
New North Road, New Zealand
New North Road is a street in the central and western Auckland isthmus, New Zealand, connecting Upper Symonds Street in Eden Terrace to Avondale. The road runs parallel to Great North Road, located to the north, and crosses Dominion Road, the Western Line at Morningside and runs above the Waterview Tunnel section of the Southwestern Motorway at Mount Albert.

Waterview Tunnel
The Waterview Tunnel is a twin road tunnel in central Auckland, New Zealand. At 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) long, it is New Zealand's longest road tunnel. The tunnel, with three lanes of road vehicle traffic in each direction, connects State Highway 20 in the south at Mount Roskill to State Highway 16 in the west at Point Chevalier as part of the Waterview Connection. Its opening completed the Western Ring Route motorway system.
History of the Spain national football team
The history of the Spain national football team dates back to the team's formation and first ever international match in 1920. The Spain national football team has experienced a number of successes, most notably their victory at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and their record four European titles.

Pichichi (footballer)
Rafael Moreno Aranzadi (23 May 1892 – 1 March 1922), known as Pichichi, was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward. He is known for the Pichichi Trophy named in his honour.

He played for Athletic Bilbao during the 1910s and 1920s. He received his nickname because of his frail build.
Hosenara Islam
Hosenara Islam (died June 2024) was an Indian politician. She was elected to the Assam Legislative Assembly from Mankachar in the 2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election as a member of the Nationalist Congress Party. On 17 June 2024, a minister in the Assam cabinet announced on the social media that Islam had died.

2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Assam Legislative Assembly were held in 2001 to elect members of 114 constituencies in Assam, India. The Indian National Congress won the popular vote and a majority of seats and Tarun Gogoi was appointed as the Chief Minister of Assam. The number of constituencies was set as 126, by the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India.

After the elections, the incumbent Member of Parliament for Kaliabor, Tarun Gogoi, became the Chief Minister of Assam. His brother, Dip Gogoi, the winner from Titabar assembly constituency, resigned from his seat in order that Tarun Gogoi could win the assembly seat in the by-election. Dip Gogoi later fought and won the by-election for the, now vacant, Kaliabor Lok Sabha seat.
Manuel Garza Aldape
Manuel Garza Aldape (April 6, 1871 – February 28, 1924) was a prominent attorney in Mexico City. From 1912 to 1913 he served as Secretary of Education, Secretary of State, and Secretary of Foreign Affairs for President Victoriano Huerta. Due to his disagreement with Huerta's policies, he was approached by an unknown individual one Sunday outside of a bullfighting arena. The individual had given him a letter written and signed by Victoriano Huerta asking him to leave Mexico in 24 hours or be killed, an event described in A Diplomat's Wife In Mexico by Edith Louise O'Shaughnessy (1916).

He lived in Paris until 1914, when he moved with his family to Maine and New York City. There, he worked for Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle until 1924, when he moved back to Mexico City.

Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle
Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP, (known as Curtis), is a New York-headquartered international law firm with 250 attorneys in 19 offices worldwide.  Founded in 1830, it is renowned for its representation of sovereign states in international transactions and disputes.
WDGL
WDGL (98.1 FM, "Eagle 98.1") is a commercial radio station licensed to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The station is owned by Guaranty Broadcasting, and airs a classic rock radio format. WDGL calls itself "The ROCK Station." It is the flagship radio station for the Louisiana State University Tigers sports broadcasts, sharing that status with WWL in New Orleans. Since 2013, it is the Capital Region's affiliate for New Orleans Saints games. Along with four sister stations, its studios and offices are in the Guaranty Group building on Government Street east of downtown.

The station is an affiliate of the weekly syndicated Pink Floyd program "Floydian Slip."

WDGL has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the highest permitted for non-grandfathered FM stations. The transmitter is located south of the LSU campus near the east bank of the Mississippi River.

Grandfather clause
A grandfather clause, also known as grandfather policy, grandfathering, or being grandfathered in, is a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases. Those exempt from the new rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired rights, or to have been grandfathered in. Frequently, the exemption is limited, as it may extend for a set time, or it may be lost under certain circumstances; for example, a grandfathered power plant might be exempt from new, more restrictive pollution laws, but the exception may be revoked and the new rules would apply if the plant were expanded. Often, such a provision is used as a compromise or out of practicality, to allow new rules to be enacted without upsetting a well-established logistical or political situation. This extends the idea of a rule not being retroactively applied.

A gender-neutral version of the term would be a legacy clause or legacied.
Sonja (film)
Sonja is a 1943 mystery drama film directed by Hampe Faustman and starring Birgit Tengroth, Åke Grönberg and Sture Lagerwall. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Harald Garmland.

Hampe Faustman
Erik "Hampe" Faustman (born Erik Stellan Chatham; 3 July 1919 – 26 August 1961) was a Swedish actor and film director. He appeared in more than 20 films between 1940 and 1961. He also directed 20 films between 1943 and 1955. He was married to actress Gunn Wållgren 1941–1949.

Faustman's parents were Gösta Chatham and Mollie Faustman, who was an artist, journalist, and author.
Amerila
Amerila is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae.

The genus is placed in a monotypic tribe Amerilini, described by Vladimir Viktorovitch Dubatolov in 2010. They are sometimes (e.g. in the "Erebidae" scheme) incorrectly merged into the Phaegopterini, but morphologically the tribe is related to Callimorphini. The elder name Rhodogastriini Kiriakoff, 1950 was based on incorrectly determined genus Rhodogastria (=Amerila in modern sense).

Callimorphina
The Callimorphina are a subtribe of woolly bear moths in the family Erebidae. The subtribe was described by Francis Walker in 1865. Many of these moths are easily confused with butterflies, being quite brightly colored and somewhat diurnal. Their antennae are not thickened into "clubs", which is a typical characteristic of butterflies.