hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
The Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification (CVM) was a safeguard measure invoked by the European Commission when a new member or acceding state of the European Union failed to implement commitments undertaken in the context of the accession negotiations in the fields of the Area of freedom, security and justice or internal market policy. The European Commission has decided to not use CVM anymore. Instead, the Commission expects every new member to join the EU without deficiencies that would require special monitoring.

Judicial reform
Judicial reform is the complete or partial political reform of a country's judiciary. Judicial reform can be connected to a law reform, constitutional amendment, prison reform, police reform or part of wider reform of the country's political system.

Stated reasons for judicial reform include increasing of the independence of the judiciary, constitutionalism and separation of powers, increased speed of justice, increased fairness of justice, improved impartiality, and improving electoral accountability, political legitimacy and parliamentary sovereignty.

Areas of the judicial reform often include: codification of law instead of common law, changing between an inquisitorial system and an adversarial system, changes to court administration such as judicial councils or changes to appointment procedure, establishing mandatory retirement age for judges or increasing the independence of prosecutors from the executive.
Sulawesi brush cuckoo
The Sulawesi brush cuckoo (Cacomantis virescens) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found on Sulawesi and some surrounding islands:  Banggai Islands, Sula Islands, Butung Island and the Tukangbesi Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Sula Islands Regency
The Sula Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula) is one of the regencies in North Maluku province of Indonesia. It was originally formed on 25 February 2003, when it encompassed the three large islands comprising the Sula Archipelago, together with minor adjacent islands. However, the largest and most westerly of the three, Taliabu, was split off from the Sula Islands Regency on 14 December 2012 to form a separate regency.

The remaining two islands which now comprise the Regency are Sulabesi (formerly Sanana) and Mangole (formerly Mangon or Mangoli). The residual regency covers a land area of 1,779.81 km2 and had a population of 85,215 at the 2010 Census and 104,082 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 105,095 (comprising 52,697 males and 52,398 females). The administrative capital is at the town of Sanana on the north part of the east coast of Sulabesi Island.
Abingdon (plantation)
Abingdon (also known as the Alexander-Custis Plantation) was an 18th- and 19th-century plantation owned by the prominent Alexander, Custis, Stuart, and Hunter families and worked at times by slaves and domesticated animals. The plantation's site is now located in Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia.

Abingdon is known as the birthplace of Eleanor "Nelly" Parke Custis Lewis (March 31, 1779 – July 15, 1852), a granddaughter of Martha Washington and a step-granddaughter of United States President George Washington. Published accounts have credited Abingdon as being the home to the progenitor of all weeping willows (Salix babylonica) living in the United States. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, which occupies part of Abingdon's grounds, contains indoor and outdoor displays that commemorate the plantation's history.

Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica (Babylon willow or weeping willow; Chinese: 垂柳; pinyin: chuí liǔ) is a species of willow native to dry areas of northern China, Korea, Mongolia, Japan, and Siberia but cultivated for millennia elsewhere in Asia, being traded along the Silk Road to southwest Asia and Europe.
Ithaca Creek
Ithaca Creek is a waterway in the Enoggera Creek catchment, in the western suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It arises  in the Taylor Range at the Mount Coot-tha forest with two streams, one arising at J C Slaughter Falls, the other and stronger source being Simpson Falls, the western branch.

Ithaca Creek runs through the suburbs of Bardon, Ashgrove and Red Hill, where it joins Enoggera Creek. Ithaca Intact, a creek restoration project by Save Our Waterways Now went into its third year mid 2010, backed by Queensland parliamentarians Kate Jones, Member for Ashgrove and then Minister for the Environment, Andrew Fraser, Member for Mount Coot-tha and Queensland Treasurer, as well as local government councillors Geraldine Knapp and David Hinchliffe.

On 9 August 2020, it was discovered that Google Maps accidentally changed the Brisbane River name to Ithaca Creek after a complaint for the original Ithaca Creek being named Brisbane River.

Electoral district of Mount Coot-tha
Mount Coot-tha was an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland in the state of Queensland, Australia from 1950 to 2017.

The electoral district encompassed suburbs in Brisbane's inner-west, including Milton, Auchenflower, Paddington, Red Hill, Bardon and parts of the suburbs of Toowong, Kelvin Grove and Ashgrove. The district took its name from nearby Mount Coot-tha.

Mount Coot-tha was consistently the strongest-performing Queensland state seat for the Greens—22.2 per cent in 2015, 20.7 per cent in 2012 and 23.1 per cent in 2009.

Mount Coot-tha was abolished in a redistribution in 2016 which took effect at the 2017 state election. Most of its territory, including Mount Coot-tha, was merged with the bulk of Indooroopilly to form Maiwar, with other portions being transferred to the districts of Cooper and McConnel.
Koch language
Koch is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Koch people of India and Bangladesh. It is primarily spoken in the Indian states of Meghalaya and Lower Assam and in the northern parts of the country Bangladesh, where it serves as a major means of communication among the Koches. Koch language is written with Assamese, Bengali, Roman scripts.

There is an organization Koch Krorang Mathop in Tura, Meghalaya which publishes Koch materials, such as books, an annual Koch magazine. Koch Development Forum is also working on the promotion of the Koch language among the Koch people who have now switched their language to Indo-Aryan languages.

The state and National Anthem of Assam in Koch :

Lower Assam division
Lower Assam division is one of the 5 administrative divisions of Assam in India. It was formed in 1874, consisting of the undivided Kamrup district of Western Assam, undivided Darrang and Nagaon districts of Central Assam and Khasi & Jaintia hills of Meghalaya, created for revenue purposes.
Luxembourg at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Luxembourg sent a delegation to compete at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France from 8 to 23 February 1992. This marked Luxembourg's fourth appearance at a Winter Olympic Games.  The Luxembourgian delegation in Albertville consisted of a single athlete, alpine skier Marc Girardelli. He won two silver medals at these Olympics, which positioned Luxembourg 17th place on the medal table.

Albertville
Albertville (French pronunciation: [albɛʁvil] ⓘ; Arpitan: Arbèrtvile) is a subprefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. 
It is best known for hosting the 1992 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. In 2022, the commune had a population of 19,706; its urban area had 40,715 inhabitants.
Conan the Free Lance
Conan the Free Lance is a fantasy novel by American writer Steve Perry, featuring Robert E. Howard's  sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. It was first published in paperback by Tor Books in February 1990. It was reprinted by Tor in December 1997.

Fantasy literature
Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.

Fantasy is considered a genre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in written form, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the genre has taken the form of fantasy films, fantasy television programs, graphic novels, video games, music and art.

Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the Harry Potter series, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Hobbit.
Austin Sun
The Austin Sun was a biweekly counterculture newspaper that was published in Austin, Texas, between 1974 and 1978.

The publication was similar in nature to Rolling Stone during the latter's formative years. The Austin Sun  was instrumental in advancing the careers of many musical artists, including Stevie Ray Vaughan, Joe Ely, Marcia Ball, and Butch Hancock.  It also covered the first American performances of Elvis Costello, at the Armadillo World Headquarters; and the Sex Pistols, in San Antonio.

The Austin Sun was notable for being the newspaper that started the careers of many persons who later became well-known in journalism and other media. Core former Sun staff members were involved with the publications LA Weekly and The Austin Chronicle.

Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior are opposed to those of the current mainstream society, and sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.

Prominent examples of countercultures in the Western world include the Levellers (1645–1650), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and the globalized counterculture of the 1960s which in the United States consisted primarily of Hippies and Flower Children (c. 1965–1973, peaking in 1967–1970). Regarding  this last  group, when referring to themselves, counterculture will usually be capitalized and is often hyphenated as: Counter-Culture or Counter-culture.
'Night Fishing Is Good' Tour 2008 in Sapporo
'Night Fishing Is Good' Tour 2008 in Sapporo (stylized as 「NIGHT FISHING IS GOOD」TOUR 2008 in SAPPORO) is a live extended play by Japanese band Sakanaction. It was released on August 5, 2008 through Victor Entertainment sublabel BabeStar exclusively as a paid download.

Sakanaction
Sakanaction (Japanese: サカナクション, Hepburn: Sakanakushon; stylised in all lowercase) is a Japanese rock band from Sapporo, Hokkaido. Their music is a fusion of alternative rock, electronic, pop, and new wave styles. The band consists of five members: Ichiro Yamaguchi, Motoharu Iwadera, Ami Kusakari, Emi Okazaki, and Keiichi Ejima.

The name Sakanaction is a portmanteau of sakana (Japanese for "fish") and "action". In the band's own words, their name reflects a wish to act quickly and lightly, like fish in the water, without fearing changes in the music scene. Their records consistently reach the top 10 positions on Japan's Oricon charts.
The Same Old Blues
The Same Old Blues is the debut album from UK rock group Proud Mary. The album was recorded at Wheeler End Studios in November 2000 over a period of 7 days and released on Noel Gallagher's Sour Mash label. The album was produced by Noel Gallagher assisted by Gem Archer, engineered by Stan Kybert and mixed by Mark "Spike" Stent at Olympic Studios in London. The album was released in June, 2001 and reached #94 on the UK album charts.

Spike Stent
Mark "Spike" Stent (born 3 August 1965) is an English record producer and mixing engineer who has worked with many international artists including Madonna, Marshmello, U2, Beyoncé, the Beatles, Björk, Depeche Mode, Echo & the Bunnymen, the Foo Fighters, Grimes, Ed Sheeran, Beth Orton, Harry Styles, Frank Ocean, Vince Staples, Selena Gomez, All Saints, Spice Girls, Lady Gaga, Coldplay, Mansun, Gorillaz, Maroon 5, Muse, Lily Allen, Peter Gabriel, Gwen Stefani, Moby, No Doubt, Lenka, Usher, Kaiser Chiefs, Linkin Park, the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Oasis, Keane, Massive Attack, Bastille, Diana Vickers and Take That.
Jacques Sablet
Jacques-Henri Sablet (b. 28 Jan. 1749, Morges, † 22 Aug.1803, Paris) was a Swiss-French painter, part of a family of artists of Swiss origin. He was also known as Franz der Römer, Giacomo Sablez, Giacomo Sablé, Jacob Henry Sablet, Sablet le Jeune, Sablet le Romain or le peintre du Soleil.

Morges
Morges (French pronunciation: [mɔʁʒ]; Latin: Morgiis, plural, probably ablative, else dative; Arpitan: Môrges) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud and the seat of the district of Morges. It is located on Lake Geneva, west of Lausanne.
John Hoyland (organist)
John Hoyland (1783 – 18 January 1827) was an English organist and composer. He was the son of a cutler in Sheffield and studied with William Mather, organist of St. James Church, Sheffield. In 1808 he replaced his master as organist there. In 1819 he moved to Louth in Lincolnshire, initially as a teacher but soon as organist there. His son William Hoyland was organist of the same church from 1829 until his death in 1857.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Tonyn (ship)
Several vessels have been named Tonyn for Patrick Tonyn:

Tonyn (1779 ship) was launched in 1766 at Philadelphia (or North Carolina), as Hyacinth. Between 1772 and 1775 Hyacinth made two voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was renamed Tonyn in 1779. An American warship captured her in 1781 after a single-ship action.

Tonyn (1781 ship) was launched at Newfoundland in 1779 as Plato. Plato was renamed to Tonyn in 1781. She then traded with North America and as a West Indiaman. From 1797 she made two voyages as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was captured and recaptured in 1798 on her first voyage, and sunk on her second circa 1800 as she was returning home.

Tonyn (1782 ship) was a French vessel launched in 1777 under another name and taken in prize circa 1782. She was wrecked in 1783 on the bar at Saint Augustine, Florida. She had been on a voyage from Charles Town, South Carolina, to Saint Augustine and London.

Tonyn (1782 ship)
Tonyn was a French vessel launched in 1777 under another name and taken in prize circa 1782. She first appeared in the 1782 volume of Lloyd's Register (LR).

Captain P.Welsh acquired a letter of marque on 13 August 1781.

Lloyd's List reported in November 1783 that Tonyn, Welch, master, had been lost on the bar at Saint Augustine, Florida. She had been on a voyage from Charles Town, South Carolina, to Saint Augustine and London. The LR volume for 1783 carried the annotation "Lost" by her name.

Most of the crew saved themselves by lashing themselves to rafts. A female passenger and her child drowned after they refused to allow themselves to be lashed to a raft.

This Tonyn may have been a replacement for a Tonyn, also of 200 tons (bm), that Thomas Moss had lost the year before to capture.
Claude-Élisée de Court de La Bruyère
Claude-Élisée de Court de La Bruyère (February 15, 1666, Pont-de-Vaux, Province of Burgundy, France – August 19, 1752, Gournay-sur-Marne), was a French officer in the French Navy during the reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV, who ended his career as Vice Admiral of the Flotte du Ponant.

Ponant Fleet
The Ponant Fleet (French: Flotte du Ponant) was the designation under the Ancien Regime for the naval vessels of the Royal French Navy in the English Channel, Atlantic Ocean and Americas, the latter principally in the French West Indies and New France. The fleet carried out operations such as asserting naval supremacy and protecting convoys. Its counterpart was the Levant Fleet, based in the Mediterranean Sea.
International Book Fair of Bogotá
The International Book Fair of Bogotá, also known as FILBo, is a book fair held in the city of Bogotá, Colombia that takes place annually in the convention center of Corferias. In this event, all the actors of the productive chain of books meet, and for two weeks readers, authors, editors, style editors, distributors, agents, and booksellers participate in this Colombian longstanding cultural event and the second-largest book fair in Latin America.

Corferias
Corferias is a convention center located in the city of Bogotá Colombia, between Quinta Paredes and El Recuerdo neighborhoods. It is a venue of local, national and international events. Although it was originally created only as a fair space it has also served as an important place for social activities including voting and it is used by companies and individuals for cultural events.
Cipra
Cipra is a  surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Arthur Cipra (born 1952), American mathematician and writer

Jean Camille Cipra (1893–1952), French painter of Czech descent

Milo Cipra (1906–1985), Croatian composer

Barry Arthur Cipra
Barry Arthur Cipra, an American mathematician and freelance writer, regularly contributes to Science magazine and SIAM News, a monthly publication of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.  Along with Dana Mackenzie and Paul Zorn he is the author of several of the volumes in the American Mathematical Society series What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences, a collection of articles about recent results in pure and applied mathematics oriented towards the undergraduate mathematics major.
1934 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1934 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in outdoor track and field for the United States.

The men's edition was held at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and it took place 29–30 June. The women's meet was originally scheduled to be held in San Francisco, but the organizers withdrew due to financial reasons, making the 1934 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships the only women's track and field national championships that year.

The men's championships were described as the greatest AAU championships ever, both at the time by Milwaukee media and in retrospect by Track & Field News. In the 1500 m, both Bill Bonthron and Glenn Cunningham broke the world record. Jack Torrance also set the shot put world record and Glenn Hardin broke the 400 m hurdles record. About 17,000 spectators attended.

Jack Torrance
John Daniel Edward "Jack" Torrance is a fictional character and the main protagonist of Stephen King's horror novel The Shining (1977). He was portrayed by Jack Nicholson in the novel's 1980 film adaptation, by Steven Weber in the 1997 miniseries, and by Henry Thomas in the 2019 film adaptation of Doctor Sleep. The American Film Institute rated the character (as played by Nicholson) the 25th-greatest film villain of all time. In 2008, Jack Torrance was selected by Empire magazine as one of the 100 greatest movie characters. Premiere magazine also ranked Torrance on their list of their 100 greatest movie characters of all time.
Şıkıdım
"Şıkıdım" (pronounced [ʃɯkɯˈdɯm]; "Shake") is a song by Turkish singer Tarkan. It was originally released on his 1994 album lending its title to the album's name, Aacayipsin (Hepsi Senin Mi?). It is a Sezen Aksu song, reproduced by Laurent Marimbert and re-mixed by Yves Jaget for the European music market and included in Tarkan's compilation album Tarkan in 1998. It was released as a single after the success of his previous single "Şımarık" in 1999.

This song was later released in English as "Shikidim" on Tarkan's 2006 English-language debut, Come Closer.
This song has been covered in Persian by a Girl Group called "Silhouettt" for his debut album "Ab, Atash, Va Khak" and the song named "Paeez". It was also covered by British grime artist Skepta, Russian pop singer Philipp Kirkorov, the Israeli Duo Datz, Ukrainian singer Viktor Pavlik and Bulgarian singer Georgi Hristov.

Tarkan (album)
Tarkan is a 1999 compilation album by Tarkan, composed of songs released in his 1994 Aacayipsin and 1997 Ölürüm Sana albums. It was initially released in France in 1998 but due to the success of his single "Şımarık", it was given a wider European release on 1 April 1999, with 14 tracks. Due to its popularity it was re-released with 15 tracks on 27 September in the same year. The sales of this album won Tarkan a Monaco World Music Award.
The Red Inn (1923 film)
The Red Inn (French: L'Auberge rouge) is a 1923 French silent historical drama film directed by Jean Epstein and starring Gina Manès, Léon Mathot and Jean-David Évremond. It is based on the 1831 short story The Red Inn by Honoré de Balzac. Location shooting took place at the Château de Vincennes.

Château de Vincennes
The Château de Vincennes (French pronunciation: [ʃɑto d(ə) vɛ̃sɛn]) is a former fortress and royal residence next to the town of Vincennes, on the eastern edge of Paris, alongside the Bois de Vincennes. It was largely built between 1361 and 1369, and was a preferred residence, after the Palais de la Cité, of French kings from the 14th to 16th century. It is particularly known for its "donjon" or keep,  a fortified central tower (the tallest in Europe) built in the 14th century and for the chapel, Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes, begun in 1379 but not completed until 1552, which is an exceptional example of Flamboyant Gothic architecture. Because of its fortifications, the château was often used as a royal sanctuary in times of trouble and as a prison and military headquarters. The chapel was listed as an historic monument in 1853 and the keep was listed in 1913. Most of the building is now open to the public.
Annenkov Island
Annenkov Island is an island in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, to the west of the main island of South Georgia. The Pickersgill Islands are to its southeast. It is irregularly shaped and 4 miles (6.4 km) long and 650 m (2,130 ft) high, lying 8 miles (13 km) off the south-central coast of South Georgia.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Schillaci Stakes
The Schillaci Stakes is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race held under weight for age conditions, for horses aged three years old and older, over a distance of 1,100 metres at Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in October. Total prize money for the race is A$300,000.

Melbourne Racing Club
The Melbourne Racing Club (MRC) is one of three metropolitan horse racing clubs in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It began life as the Victoria Amateur Turf Club in 1875, with E. C. Moore as the club's first Secretary. The first VATC race meeting was held at Dowling Forest Racecourse in Ballarat, on Friday, 24 March 1876. Within six months, the VATC was granted use of Crown land at Caulfield as a permanent home in Melbourne.