hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tomb of Hassan Modarres
The Tomb of Hassan Modarres (Persian: آرامگاه سید حسن مدرس) is a Twelver Shi'ite Islamic mausoleum, located in Kashmar, in the province of Razavi Khorasan, Iran. The mausoleum contains the remains of Sayyid Hassan Modarres, a prominent Shi'ite cleric who formerly served as a cabinet representative of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. He was assassinated in 1937, and the mausoleum was built over his grave in 1943 CE following the forced abdication of Reza Shah Pahlavi.

The mausoleum was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 14 March 2005, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, romanized: Vezârat-e Mirâs-e Farhangi, Gardeshgari va Sanâye'-e Dasti-ye Irân) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran.

It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations. In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was converted into the Ministry. The current Minister has been Reza Salehi Amiri since 21 August 2024.
Villa Sacchetti at Castelfusano
The Villa Sacchetti, also called Castello Chigi, is a historical building at Castelfusano, near Ostia Antica, Rome, Italy. It was built in 1624-1629 for the Sacchetti family, close associates of Pope Urban VIII, and was the first architectural work of Pietro da Cortona. The villa is now known as Castello Chigi since its acquisition by the Chigi family in the 18th century.

Chigi family
The House of Chigi (IPA: [ˈkiːdʒi]) is an Italian princely family of Sienese origin descended from the counts of Ardenghesca, which possessed castles in the Maremma, southern Tuscany. Later, the family settled in Rome. The earliest authentic mention of them is in the 13th century, with one Alemanno, counsellor of the Republic of Siena.
Hume fracture
The Hume fracture is an injury of the elbow comprising a fracture of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of the radial head which occurs in children. It was originally described as an undisplaced olecranon fracture, but more recently includes displaced fractures and can be considered a variant of the Monteggia fracture.

The injury was described in 1957 by A.C. Hume of the orthopaedic surgery department of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Rochester.

Head of radius
The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum of the humerus.  The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament.
Electoral district of Avon
Avon was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1911 to 2008. The name of the district was changed to Avon Valley in 1950, but reverted to its original name in 1962.

For most of its history, Avon was a Country Party (now Nationals) seat. However, at the 1974 state election, when it merged with the neighbouring safe Labor seat of Northam, Avon was held by Labor's Ken McIver until 1986, when it was won by the newly reunified Nationals. A boundary redistribution occasioned by electoral reforms in 1987 brought in more rural areas and ensured its continuing safety for the National Party.

Avon was abolished when the number of rural seats was reduced as a result of the one vote one value reforms. Almost all of its area moved into the new seat of Central Wheatbelt.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
QJY-201
The QJY-201 (Chinese: 201式通用机枪; pinyin: Èr líng yāo shì tōngyòng jīqiāng), is a Chinese general purpose machine gun designed and manufactured by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army. It is chambered in the DJP-201 7.62×51mm cartridge, and features an unusual open-bolt, hybrid long stroke, short recoil operation. The QJY-201 incorporates weight reduction features, such as lightweight material for the body and a detachable box magazine made of fabric, reducing its weight.

The QJY-201 was first publicly unveiled at Zhuhai Airshow in September 2021.

China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition
China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition (中国国际航空航天博览会), also known as the Airshow China (中国航展) and Zhuhai Airshow (珠海航展), is a biennial international aerospace trade expo held in Zhuhai, Guangdong, since 1996. It is the largest airshow in China.
Kennan Prefectural Natural Park
Kennan Prefectural Natural Park (県南県立自然公園, Kennan kenritsu shizen-kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in southeast Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1961, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Nan'yō and Takahata.

Municipalities of Japan
Municipalities are a level of administration in Japan. The country has three levels of governments: national, prefectural, and municipal.

The nation is divided into 47 prefectures (within these, one metropolis, one regional prefecture, and two urban prefectures). Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities, with 1,718 in total as of October 2018.

There are four types of municipalities in Japan: cities (市, shi), towns (町, chō), villages (村, son) and special wards of Tokyo (区, ku). In Japanese, this system is known as shikuchōson (市区町村), where each kanji in the word represents one of the four types of municipalities. In Tokyo, because the wards are at the center, the system is officially referred to as kushichōson (区市町村), with the wards first, and cities second.

Some designated cities also have further administrative subdivisions, also known as wards, but, unlike the special wards of Tokyo, these wards are not municipalities.
United States of Europe (electoral list)
United States of Europe (Italian: Stati Uniti d'Europa, SUE) was a pro-European and liberal electoral list in Italy founded by Emma Bonino and Matteo Renzi to compete in the 2024 European parliament elections in Italy. The list, centred around More Europe and Italia Viva and including other centrist minor parties, was launched in March 2024 in Rome, with the aim of taking part in the 2024 European Parliament election. The list earned 3.77% of the vote but failed to break the 4% threshold of the vote, thus failing to gain any MEPs.

Pro-Europeanism
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU). The opposite of Pro-Europeanism is Euroscepticism.
Thirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa
Thirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Rama Narayanan. The film stars Prabhu, S. Ve. Shekher, Vadivelu, Roja, Urvashi and Kovai Sarala. It was released on 4 December 1999. The film was Rama Narayanan's 100th film and was a hit at the box office. The film was remade in Telugu as Tirumala Tirupati Venkatesa (2000) with Roja and Sarala reprising their roles, and twice in Kannada as Yaarige Beda Duddu (2001) & “Govinda Gopala” (2007).

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).
Hedyotis
Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.

Hedyotis was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum. This generic name is derived from two Greek words, hedys, "sweet", and otos, "ear", in reference to the sweet-scented, ear-shaped leaves of some species.

Species Plantarum
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants.
Mohsen Mahdawi
Mohsen Mahdawi (Arabic: محسن المهداوي) is a Palestinian activist and student at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs. As a student in Columbia’s School of General Studies, he led pro-Palestinian campus protests at Columbia in 2023. In 2024, he initiated a reconciliation outreach program with critics of the pro-Palestinian movement, working with Jewish groups in the process.

Mahdawi was among a number of student activists targeted by the Trump administration for deportation. In April, 2025, he was arrested and detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office in Colchester, Vermont, where he had been informed he had an interview to obtain U.S. citizenship.  He soon received a temporary restraining order to prevent federal authorities from transferring him out of Vermont and, subsequently, probationary release from detention.

Geoffrey W. Crawford
Geoffrey William Crawford (born July 20, 1954) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont and former associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.
Laundry Day (band)
Laundry Day (stylized in all caps) is an American pop rock band from Manhattan, New York, formed in 2017. The group currently consists of vocalist Jude Ciulla-Lipkin, vocalist and drummer Sawyer Nunes, guitarist Henry Weingartner, and bassist Henry Pearl. The band was formed while all four current members were students at Beacon High School.

Music for Cars (concert tour)
The Music for Cars concert tour was the third concert tour by English indie art pop band the 1975 in support of their third studio album A Brief Inquiry Into Online Relationships, released on 30 November 2018. The 24-month long world tour began on 29 November 2018 in England.

The tour was also scheduled to support their fourth studio album–and second part of the Music for Cars era–Notes on a Conditional Form, released on 22 May 2020. However, the tour prematurely ended on 3 March 2020 in the wake of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Originally, the tour was scheduled to conclude on 10 July 2021 in London, England. The tour was supported with the following opening acts and special guests No Rome, Pale Waves, The Japanese House and Beabadoobee.

Several of the 2020 sets were postponed to 2021, but on 12 January 2021, the band cancelled all 2021 shows due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dave Stanton
Dave Stanton is an American former AFM, WERA National Endurance, AMA Pro, and Formula USA champion who got injured while riding his Yamaha YZF-R1 during the first lap of the AFM Open Superbike race on June 2 at Thunderhill Raceway Park, in Willows, California. He was transported to Enloe Medical Center via medevac helicopter and was diagnosed with a punctured lung, a crushed spine and some internal wounds.

Yamaha YZF-R1
The Yamaha YZF-R1, or simply R1, is a 998 cc (60.9 cu in) sports motorcycle made by Yamaha. It was first released in 1998, undergoing significant updates in 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2020.
Southern Pacific class AC-4
Southern Pacific Railroad's AC-4 (meaning Articulated Consolidation) class of steam locomotives was the first class of 4-8-8-2 cab forward locomotives.  They were intended to improve on the railroad's MC (Mallet-Consolidation) class 2-8-8-2 locomotives with a larger firebox, hence, the four-wheel leading truck (instead of the two-wheel).

The AC-4s were the first SP Mallets built for simple expansion. Baldwin Locomotive Works built them in August through October 1928 with a maximum cutoff of 70%, so tractive effort was rated at 112,760 lbf (501.6 kN); a few years later, limited cutoff was dropped and calculated tractive effort increased to 116,000 lbf (520 kN).

The AC-4s were removed from service starting in 1953, and all ten were scrapped by June 1955.

Firebox (steam engine)
In a steam engine, the firebox is the area where the fuel is burned, producing heat to boil the water in the boiler.  Most are somewhat box-shaped, hence the name. The hot gases generated in the firebox are pulled through a rack of tubes running through the boiler.
Britannic (film)
Britannic is a 2000 spy television film directed by Brian Trenchard-Smith. The film depicts a heavily fictionalized version of the sinking of HMHS Britannic in 1916. The film portrays a German agent sabotaging her while she is serving as a hospital ship for the British Army during World War I. It stars Edward Atterton and Amanda Ryan, with Jacqueline Bisset, Ben Daniels, John Rhys-Davies, and Bruce Payne as co-stars. It first premiered on cable network Fox Family and was then broadcast in the United Kingdom on Channel 4.

John Rhys-Davies
John Rhys-Davies (born 5 May 1944) is a Welsh actor known for portraying Gimli in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and Sallah in the Indiana Jones franchise. He has received three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, with one win, and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.

Rhys-Davies is also known for his performances in the films Sahara (1983), The Living Daylights (1987), Glory Daze (1995), The Medallion (2003) and One Night with the King (2006). He is also known for his extensive voice work including Cats Don't Dance (1997), Sinbad: Beyond the Veil of Mists (2000), SpongeBob SquarePants (2000–2002), and TripTank (2015–2016).

Rhys-Davies also gained acclaim for his television roles as Macro in I, Claudius (1976), Vasco Rodrigues in Shōgun (1980), and Michael Malone in The Untouchables (1993). From 1995 to 1997, he portrayed Professor Maximillian Arturo in Sliders.
Frank Shifreen
Frank Shifreen (born February 29, 1948) is an American artist, curator, and teacher. Shifreen played a significant part in the art movement of New York City in the early 1980s, organizing massive artist-run shows that brought thousands of people to Gowanus, Brooklyn. Since then, he has organized socially conscious art exhibitions across the United States and abroad, including From the Ashes, a massive exhibition organized in the aftermath of 9/11. A neo-expressionist and social sculptor, he is a graduate of the Pratt Institute and Adelphi University, he is currently finishing a doctorate in art and art education at the Teachers College at Columbia University.

Social sculpture
Social sculpture is a phrase used to describe an expanded concept of art that was invented by the artist and founding member of the German Green Party, Joseph Beuys. Beuys created the term "social sculpture" to embody his understanding of art's potential to transform society. As a work of art, a social sculpture includes human activity that strives to structure and shape society or the environment. The central idea of a social sculptor is an artist who creates structures in society using language, thoughts, actions, and objects.
Beas Junction railway station
Beas Junction Railway Station is located in Amritsar district serving the town of Beas, in Punjab, North India. It is under the Firozpur railway division of the Northern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It bags the award for the cleanest Railway Station in India.

Amritsar district
Amritsar district is one of the twenty three districts that make up the Indian state of Punjab. Located in the Majha region of Punjab, the city of Amritsar is the headquarters of this district.

As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Punjab (out of 23), after Ludhiana. It is a border district of Punjab and lies along the India-Pakistan border.
Prussian T 37
The Prussian T 37s were German steam locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways. They replaced the smaller 0-6-0T locomotives on the railway line between Beuthen and Kattowitz. In all 20 engines were supplied to Prussia, of which eight were taken over by the Reichsbahn and given numbers 99 401 to 99 408. They were all withdrawn by 1939 and scrapped.

These locomotives were equipped with Klien-Lindner axles at each end. They had an outside frame and the third wheelset was driven. They also had an outside Walschaerts valve gear. The engines could carry 1.3 tonnes of coal and 2.5 m2 of water. The coal tank was located behind the driver's cab.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Helix Universal Server
The Helix Universal Media Server was a product developed by RealNetworks and originates from the first streaming media server originally developed by Progressive Networks in 1994. It supported a variety of streaming media delivery transports including MPEG-DASH (Standards based HTTP streaming) RTMP (flash), RTSP (standard), HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), Microsoft Silverlight and HTTP Progressive Download enabling mobile phone OS (Android, Blackberry, iOS, Symbian, Windows Mobile) and PC OS media client (Flash Media Player, QuickTime, RealPlayer, Windows Media Player) delivery.

Helix Universal Media Server supported multiple streaming media codecs including H.264, MPEG-4, Flash Media, RealMedia, QuickTime, Windows Media and audio codecs including AAC/AAC+, MP4, MP3, WAV, RealAudio. It ingested encoder formats including RTP, MPEG2-TS, RTMP (Flash) and Windows Media Push/Pull MMS.

Development of the product was discontinued in 2014, and licensing ended in October 2014.

Progressive download
A progressive download is the transfer of digital media files from a server to a client, typically using the HTTP protocol when initiated from a computer. The consumer may begin playback of the media before the download is complete. The key difference between streaming media and progressive download is in how the digital media data is received and stored by the end user device that is accessing the digital media.

A media player that is capable of progressive download playback relies on meta data located in the header of the file to be intact and a local buffer of the digital media file as it is downloaded from a web server. At the point in which a specified amount of data becomes available to the local playback device, the media will begin to play. This specified amount of buffer is embedded into the file by the producer of the content in the encoder settings and is reinforced by additional buffer settings imposed by the media player.
Coat of arms of Barbados
The coat of arms of Barbados was adopted on 14 February 1966, by a royal warrant of Queen Elizabeth II. The coat of arms of Barbados was presented by the Queen to the then President of the Senate of Barbados, Sir Grey Massiah. Like other former British possessions in the Caribbean, the coat of arms has a helmet with a national symbol on top, and a shield beneath that is supported by two animals.

The arms were designed by Neville Connell, for many years curator of the Barbados Museum, with artistic assistance by Hilda Ince.

The coat of arms were unaffected by the 2021 governmental transition from a monarchy to republic.

Warrant (law)
A warrant is generally an order that serves as a specific type of authorization, that is, a writ issued by a competent officer, usually a judge or magistrate, that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights in order to enforce the law and aid in investigations; affording the person executing the writ protection from damages if the act is performed.

A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to a sheriff, a constable, or a police officer. Warrants normally issued by a court include search warrants, arrest warrants, and execution warrants.
Novelization
A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, stage play, comic book, or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent of home video, but continue to find commercial success as part of marketing campaigns for major films. They are often written by accomplished writers based on an early draft of the film's script and on a tight deadline.

Derivative work
In copyright law, a derivative work is an expressive creation that includes major copyrightable elements of a first, previously created original work (the underlying work). The derivative work becomes a second, separate work independent from the first. The transformation, modification or adaptation of the work must be substantial and bear its author's personality sufficiently to be original and thus protected by copyright. Translations, cinematic adaptations and musical arrangements are common types of derivative works.

Most countries' legal systems seek to protect both original and derivative works. They grant authors the right to impede or otherwise control their integrity and the author's commercial interests. Derivative works and their authors benefit in turn from the full protection of copyright without prejudicing the rights of the original work's author.
Two Islands National Park
Two Islands and Two Islands Reef are part of the Three Islands Group National Park in Far North Queensland, Australia, in the Coral Sea, 1,590 km (990 mi) northwest of Brisbane, about 50 km (31 mi) north-northeast of Cooktown, 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Cape Flattery, and 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Three Islands and Three Islands Reef.

The islands are located within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, and are important and protected seabird nesting sites.

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park protects a large part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef from damaging activities. It is a vast multiple-use Marine Park which supports a wide range of uses, including commercial marine tourism, fishing, ports and shipping, recreation, scientific research and Indigenous traditional use. Fishing and the removal of artefacts or wildlife (fish, coral, seashells, etc.) is strictly regulated, and commercial shipping traffic must stick to certain specific defined shipping routes that avoid the most sensitive areas of the park. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest and best known coral reef ecosystem in the world. Its reefs, almost 3000 in total, represent about 10 per cent of all the coral reef areas in the world. It supports an amazing variety of biodiversity, providing a home to thousands of coral and other invertebrate species, bony fish, sharks, rays, marine mammals, marine turtles, sea snakes, as well as algae and other marine plants.