hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Runar Collander
Paul Runar Collander (1 May 1894 Vyborg – 25 May 1973 Helsinki) was a Finnish botanist. He was an adjunct professor of plant physiology at the University of Helsinki from 1935 to 1939, and professor of botany from 1939 to 1961. He gained international acclaim for his research on the effect of molecular size and solubility ratios on the ability of substances to penetrate the cell membrane. He presented the "lipoid filter theory" of permeability and further developed it. Collander also wrote several works on the history of botany.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
USS Muskeget
USS Muskeget (AG-48) – originally USS YAG-9 – was a former commercial cargo ship acquired by the United States Navy in 1941 for use during World War II. She was outfitted with a variety of guns, depth charge tracks, Y-guns, and Mousetrap and placed in service as a patrol vessel. Transferred to the United States Coast Guard for use as a weather ship in the North Atlantic Ocean and renamed USCGC Muskeget (WAG-48), she disappeared in September 1942 with the loss of all on board, the only U.S. weather ship lost during World War II. It was later determined that she had been sunk by a German submarine.

Mousetrap (weapon)
Mousetrap (anti-Submarine Projector, Marks 20 and 22) was an anti-submarine rocket launcher used mainly during World War II by the United States Navy and Coast Guard. Its development began in 1941 as a replacement for Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar. Hedgehogs were spigot-launched, which placed considerable strain on the launching vessel's deck, whereas Mousetrap was rocket-propelled. As a result, Mousetrap's four or eight rails for 7.2-inch (183 mm) rockets saved weight and were easier to install.

The rockets weighed 65 pounds (29 kg) each, with a 33-pound (15 kg) Torpex warhead and contact pistol, exactly like Hedgehog.

By the end of the war, over 100 Mark 22 Mousetraps were mounted in US Navy ships, including three each on 12 destroyers, and submarine chasers (usually two sets of rails).
Sean Kelly (Scottish footballer)
Sean Kelly (born 1 November 1993) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a centre-back and full back for Cambodian Premier League club Boeung Ket. Kelly has previously played for St Mirren, East Stirlingshire, AFC Wimbledon, Ross County, Falkirk, Livingston, Karmiotissa, Dundee and Partick Thistle.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Denis Barantsev
Denis Barantsev (born April 12, 1992) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman who plays for Zvezda Moscow of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Barantsev made his KHL with HC Dynamo Moscow during the 2011–12 season.

HC Dynamo Moscow
HC Dynamo Moscow (Russian: ХК Динамо Москва) is a professional ice hockey club based in Moscow, Russia. It is a member of the Tarasov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Dynamo has won the Gagarin Cup twice, in 2011–12 and 2012–13 seasons, and won the regular season championship once, in 2013–14, winning the Continental Cup.

The club is one of the most successful teams in Russia.
Pléneuf-Val-André
Pléneuf-Val-André (French pronunciation: [plenœf val ɑ̃dʁe]; Breton: Pleneg-Nantraezh; Gallo: Ploenoec) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France. The writer Florian Le Roy (1901–1959), winner of the 1947 Prix Cazes was born in Pléneuf-Val-André and the journalist Yves Grosrichard (1907–1992) died there too.

Florian Le Roy
Florian Le Roy (8 May 1901 – 6 March 1959) was a 20th-century French journalist and writer.

Le Roy was secretary-treasurer of the Académie de Bretagne and member of the Celtic Institute of Brittany in 1941. During the Second World War, he worked as presenter for Radio Rennes Bretagne.
Sandettie Bank
51°14′00″N 1°57′00″E﻿ / ﻿51.23333°N 1.95000°E﻿ / 51.23333; 1.95000

The Sandettie Bank (French: Banc de Sandettié) is an elongated sandbank in the southern North Sea, more specifically about in the middle of the northeastern entrance to the Strait of Dover. North-west of it are the hazardous Goodwin Sands, south of it the sandbank Ruytingen.

The shoal represents a significant threat to the major shipping lanes in the Strait of Dover.  From 1902 to 1989 it was marked by a succession of French lightships, all bearing the name Sandettié while deployed there. The last such crewed lightship is now a museum ship at the Port Museum of Dunkirk at anchor.

Today the British authority Trinity House maintains an uncrewed lightship there, the Sandettie Light Vessel Automatic which also has an automatic weather station.

Sea lane
A sea lane, sea road or shipping lane is a regularly used navigable route for large water vessels (ships) on wide waterways such as oceans and large lakes, and is preferably safe, direct and economic. During the Age of Sail, they were determined by the distribution of land masses but also by the prevailing winds, whose discovery was crucial for the success of long maritime voyages.  Sea lanes are very important for seaborne trade.
Jonas Ogandaga
Jonas Ogandaga (born 1 August 1975) is a Gabonese former professional footballer who last played as a midfielder.

He played for Petrosport, Sogara, Mbilinga, Raja Casablanca, Olympique Kef, Medenine, and Stade Mandji. He also played for the Gabon national team between 1993 and 2000. He played in three tournaments; the 1994, 1996 and 2000 African Cup of Nations.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.
Guirne Creith
Guirne Creith (born Gladys Mary Cohen; 21 February 1907, in London – 1996) was an English composer and pianist most active in the 1920s and 1930s. Creith was the eldest daughter of Mr and Mrs George Cohen of Portland Place in London, and the cousin of the industrialist Robert Waley Cohen. She received the Charles Lucas Prize in 1925, having entered the Royal Academy of Music just two years  before under the pseudonym Guirne M Creith. As a student at the Academy she studied composition under Benjamin Dale and conducting under Sir Henry Wood. She later studied piano with the Swiss pianist and renowned Bach interpreter Edwin Fischer.

Only after her death did she became known for her Concerto in G minor for Violin and Orchestra, which had been premiered by Albert Sammons, conducted by Constant Lambert, on 19 May 1936. It was revived in 2008 by Lorraine McAslan and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, conducted by Martin Yates. A recording was issued on the Dutton label.

Violin concerto
A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day. Many major composers have contributed to the violin concerto repertoire.

Traditionally a three-movement work, the violin concerto has been structured in four movements by a number of modern composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, and Alban Berg. In some violin concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the violin (or group of violins) is accompanied by a chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra—for instance, in Vivaldi's L'estro armonico, originally scored for four violins, two violas, cello, and continuo, and in Allan Pettersson's first concerto, for violin and string quartet.
Orange Peel (horse)
Orange Peel (foaled 1919) was a Thoroughbred stallion that had a significant influence on the breeding of sport horses.

Orange Peel has had a great influence on the breeding of show jumpers. Orange Peel sired 19 sons from 1924 to 1940, and his descendants are very successful today, with 26 of the top 100 show jumping sires of 1990 having him in their pedigree.

One of Orange Peel's greatest descendants was his grandson, the Anglo-Norman Ibrahim, who produced such great sires as Quastor (1960) and Almé Z (1966). Sons of Orange Peel include The Last Orange, the sire of Ibrahim, Jus de Pomme, and Plein d'Espoirs.

Stallion
A stallion is an adult male horse that has not been gelded (castrated). Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.

Temperament varies widely based on genetics and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers. With proper training and management, stallions are effective equine athletes at the highest levels of many disciplines, including horse racing, horse shows, and international Olympic competition.

"Stallion" is also used to refer to males of other equids, including zebras and donkeys.
Iver B. Neumann
Iver Brynild Neumann (born 10 October 1959) is a Norwegian political scientist and social anthropologist. He is Director of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute at Polhøgda, Lysaker, a position he has held since December 2019. From 2012-2017 he was the Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He has also served as Research Director and Director at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and adjunct professor in International Relations at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences.

Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In the United States, social anthropology is commonly subsumed within cultural anthropology or sociocultural anthropology.
The Complete Commodore & Decca Masters
The Complete Commodore & Decca Masters is a 3CD box set of recordings by Billie Holiday, released by Hip-O Records in 2009, compiling all the master takes released as 78rpm singles by Commodore and Decca Records. It includes an essay by Ashley Kahn.

Mundell Lowe
James Mundell Lowe (April 21, 1922 – December 2, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist who worked often in radio, television, and film, and as a session musician.

He produced film and TV scores in the 1970s, such as the Billy Jack soundtrack and music for Starsky and Hutch, and worked with André Previn's Trio in the 1990s.
Solveig Egman-Andersson
Laila Solveig Egman-Andersson (born 6 January 1942) is a retired Swedish artistic gymnast who competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics. Her best individual achievement was 23rd place on the vault in 1964. She won four medals in five events at the 1963 European Championships.

1963 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 4th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Paris. These were the first European Championships to be held in a non-Eastern Bloc country. Out of concerns that East Germany would be excluded, the competition was boycotted by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
NHS Dumfries and Galloway
NHS Dumfries and Galloway is an NHS board serving the Dumfries and Galloway region in south-west Scotland. It is one of the fourteen territorial boards of NHS Scotland. NHS Dumfries and Galloway provides acute, primary, community, and mental health services for its population, and also supports public health programmes across the region.

Langholm
Langholm /ˈlæŋəm/, also known colloquially as the "Muckle Toon", is a burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, southern Scotland. Langholm lies between four hills in the valley of the River Esk in the Southern Uplands.
Elisa Orlandi
Elisa Orlandi (1811–1834) was an Italian opera singer who was active at major opera houses in Italy from 1829 until her sudden death in 1834. Possessing a wide vocal range with a significant amount of coloratura facility, she tackled roles from both the mezzo-soprano and soprano repertoires. She is best remembered today for portraying the role of Giovanna Seymour (Jane Seymour) in the world premiere of Gaetano Donizetti's Anna Bolena in 1830.

Vocal range
Vocal range is the range of pitches that a human voice can phonate. A common application is within the context of singing, where it is used as a defining characteristic for classifying singing voices into voice types. It is also a topic of study within linguistics, phonetics, and speech-language pathology, particularly in relation to the study of tonal languages and certain types of vocal disorders, although it has little practical application in terms of speech.
Dingxing County
Dingxing County (simplified Chinese: 定兴县; traditional Chinese: 定興縣; pinyin: Dìngxīng Xiàn) is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Baoding in central Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has an area of 714 km2 (276 sq mi) and 512,765 inhabitants (2020). It is served by China National Highway 107 and G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway.

G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway
The Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway (Chinese: 北京－港澳高速公路), designated as G4 and commonly referred to as the Jinggang'ao Expressway (Chinese: 京港澳高速公路) is a 2,272.65 km (1,412.16 mi)-long expressway that connects the Chinese cities of Beijing and Shenzhen, in Guangdong province, at the border of Hong Kong. The expressway terminates at the Huanggang Port Control Point in Shenzhen, opposite the Lok Ma Chau border control point in Hong Kong.
Urbania, Nova Scotia
Urbania is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in East Hants Municipality in Hants County. Urbania was consistently the location of a post office serving the surrounding area from July 1 1870 until June 30 1966 when a new postal route was established in Shubenacadie. Present day Urbania consists mostly of farmland.

Hants County, Nova Scotia
Hants County is a historical county and census division of Nova Scotia, Canada. Local government is provided by the West Hants Regional Municipality, and the Municipality of the District of East Hants.
Halsey Rodman
Halsey Rodman (born 1973) is an artist based in New York City.

Rodman was born in Davis, California.  He makes installations containing assemblages, videos, photography, text and figurative sculpture, which form mythological narratives.  Common motifs in Rodman's work are hexagons, clouds of smoke, pickles and geometric forms

Rodman received his BA from the College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara in 1995 and his MFA from Columbia University, New York in 2003.

Davis, California
Davis is the most populous city in Yolo County, California, United States. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 66,850 in 2020, not including the on-campus population of the University of California, Davis, which was over 9,400 (not including students' families) in 2016. As of 2023, there were 40,850 students enrolled at the university, which is known as the biking capital of America.
Nepenthes 'Ted Payne'
Nepenthes 'Ted Payne' is a cultivar of a manmade hybrid involving N. maxima and N. northiana. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It is a later synonym of N. × mixta.

In 1987, Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett crossed a male N. 'Ted Payne' with a female N. mirabilis. This hybrid was one of the few Bednar and Bramblett crosses of the time to not be named. The cultivar name 'Ted Payne' first appeared in print in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as part of this cross; it was listed as "mirabilis x Ted Payne".

Carnivorous Plant Newsletter
The Carnivorous Plant Newsletter is the official publication of the International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS), the largest such organization in the world. It is headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan
The COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Azerbaijan when its first case was confirmed in February 2020.

Lankaran
Lankaran (Azerbaijani: Lənkəran, (listen)ⓘ) or Lánkon (Talysh: Lánkon) is a city in Azerbaijan, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, near the southern border with Iran. As of 2021, the city had a population of 89,300. It is next to, but independent of, Lankaran District. The city forms a distinct first-order division of Azerbaijan.
Lifeboat Foundation
The Lifeboat Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Gardnerville, Nevada, dedicated to the prevention of global catastrophic risk. Technology journalist Ashlee Vance describes Lifeboat as "a nonprofit that seeks to protect people from some seriously catastrophic technology-related events". Prominent scholars from Lifeboat Foundation's Advisory Board includes 1986 Nobel Laureate in Literature Wole Soyinka, 1993 Nobel Laureate in Medicine Richard J. Roberts, 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Daniel Kahneman, and 2007 Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Eric Maskin.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
Hannes Huisamen
Johannes Frederik Huisamen (born (1989-04-09)9 April 1989) is a South African rugby union player who plays for the Eastern Province Elephants in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is lock.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
2012 Curling Masters Champéry
The 2012 Curling Masters Champéry were held from October 26 to 28 at the Palladium de Champéry in Champéry, Switzerland as part of the 2012–13 World Curling Tour. The event was held in a round robin format, and the purse for the event was 40,000 CHF. Marcus Hasselborg defeated Peter de Cruz in the final with a score of 5–4.

Marcus Hasselborg
Marcus Sven Erland Hasselborg (born 7 January 1986 in Stockholm) is a Swedish actor and curler. He played second for Sweden at the 2006 World Men's Curling Championships, and he finished in 2nd place when he participated at the 2008 Men's Svenska Mästerskapet curling final in Örnsköldsvik. He works as a high school teacher at Procivitas Privata Gymnasium Karlberg.
Sulakshana Naik
Sulakshana Naik (born 10 November 1978) is an Indian former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in two Test matches, 46 One Day Internationals and 31 Twenty20 Internationals for India from 2002 to 2013. She played domestic cricket for Mumbai and Railways.

In January 2020 she was appointed as a member of the Cricket Advisory Committee at the BCCI.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
Belgium–Israel relations
Belgium–Israel relations are the bilateral relations between Belgium and Israel. 
Belgium voted in favor of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947 and recognized the State of Israel on January 15, 1950.  Belgium has an embassy in Tel Aviv, and Israel has an embassy in Brussels.

In February 2010, a plaque honoring King Albert I, husband of Elizabeth of Bavaria, was unveiled at Albert Square in Tel Aviv in the presence of the Tel Aviv mayor Ron Huldai and Ambassador Bénédicte Frankinet.

Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of the Belgians
Elisabeth of Bavaria (Elisabeth Gabriele Valérie Marie; 25 July 1876 – 23 November 1965) was Queen of the Belgians from 23 December 1909 to 17 February 1934 as the wife of King Albert I, and a duchess in Bavaria by birth. She was the mother of King Leopold III of Belgium and of Queen Marie-José of Italy, and grandmother of kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium, the pretender Prince Vittorio of Italy as well as Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg
Afridi Pashto
Afridi or Apridi Pashto (Pashto: اوپریدی ،افريدی، اپريدی afrīdī/aprīdī/opride) is a Northern Karlani dialect of the Pashto language that is widespread among the representatives of the Afridis kin. The Afridi Pashto is a spoken language in the area of settlement of Afridis – the regions of Khyber and Kohat, Orakzai Agency, the cities of Zakka Khel, Jamrud, Darra Adam Khel  and the valley of Timrakh. The Afridi dialect has an 80–90% lexical intelligibility with other Northern dialects of Pashto, while the intelligibility with the dialects of the Southern Region is 75–80%.

Darra Adam Khel
Darra Adam Khel (Pashto: درہ آدم خیل) is the main town of Dara Adam Khel Tehsil (formerly known as "Frontier Region Kohat") in the Kohat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It has gained fame and notoriety for its bazaars packed with gunsmiths and weapons merchants. The town consists of one main street lined with multiple shops, while side-alleys and streets contain workshops.