hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chakvetadze
Chakvetadze (Georgian: ჩაკვეტაძე) is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Chakvetadze, Russian tennis player with Georgian origin

Davit Chakvetadze, Georgian-born Russian Greco-Roman wrestler

Giorgi Chakvetadze, Georgian footballer

Giorgi Chakvetadze
Giorgi Chakvetadze  (Order of Honor) (Georgian: გიორგი ჩაკვეტაძე; born 29 August 1999) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays for EFL Championship club Watford and the Georgia national team. Mainly an attacking midfielder, he can also be deployed as a left winger or as a central midfielder.

Chakvetadze has earned the Footballer of the Year award in Georgia. He has also won the Slovak First League with Slovan Bratislava.
Congratulations!
Congratulations! (Russian: Поздравляем!, romanized: Pozdravlyayem!, Op. 111) is a 1975 opera by Mieczysław Weinberg to his own Russian libretto after the Yiddish play Mazel Tov by Sholem Aleichem. The plot, closely following the text of Sholem Aleichem's play, emphasises the class conflict to placate Soviet censors, for whom otherwise a Jewish topic may have proved problematic. The opera premiered in Moscow in 1983. Present at the premiere was Vladimir Stoupel, who conducted the premiere outside Russia at the Konzerthaus Berlin in 2012.

Konzerthaus Berlin
The Konzerthaus Berlin is a concert hall in Berlin, the home of the Konzerthausorchester Berlin. Situated on the Gendarmenmarkt square in the central Mitte district of the city, it was originally built as a theater. It initially operated from 1818 to 1821 under the name of the Schauspielhaus Berlin, then as the Theater am Gendarmenmarkt and Komödie. It became a concert hall after the Second World War, and its name changed to its present one in 1994.

The Konzerthausorchester Berlin is the resident orchestra of the Konzerthaus Berlin. The concert hall also hosts Young Euro Classic every summer, an international festival of youth orchestras.
Jake Evans (baseball)
Uriah L. P. "Bloody Jake" Evans (September 22, 1856 – January 16, 1907) was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball from 1879 to 1885. Evans played for the Troy Trojans, Worcester Ruby Legs, Cleveland Blues, and Baltimore Orioles. He was 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m) tall and weighed 154 pounds (70 kg).

Worcester Worcesters
The Worcester Worcesters were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team from 1880 to 1882 in the National League.  The team is referred to, at times, as the Brown Stockings or the Ruby Legs; however, no contemporary sources from the time exist that support the use of either name. The team played their home games at the Worcester Driving Park Grounds in the Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds, located south of Highland Street between Sever Street and Russell Street in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Diversi
Diversi Musical Products, Inc was a manufacturer of electric organs. It specializes in making clones of the Hammond organ and became popular when jazz organists "Papa" John and Joey DeFrancesco "defected" from Hammond to using their organs instead.

John DeFrancesco
"Papa" John DeFrancesco (September 12, 1940 – June 25, 2024) was an American jazz organist and vocalist, and father of Joey DeFrancesco and Johnny DeFrancesco. DeFrancesco died on June 25, 2024, at the age of 83.
Kelly Butte (Washington)
Kelly Butte is a 5,417-foot-elevation (1,651-meter) summit located in the southeast corner of King County in Washington state. It is set on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, and situated 3.1 mi (5.0 km) northwest of Colquhoun Peak and five miles west of the crest of the Cascade Range. Precipitation runoff from Kelly Butte drains into tributaries of the Green River. Topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises 3,000 feet (910 meters) above Rock Creek in one mile. Access is via the 1.7-mile Kelly Butte Trail which leads to a restored, historical fire lookout tower originally constructed in 1926 and occupying the summit. Flora along the trail includes lilies, bear grass, Indian paintbrush, penstemon, arnica, columbine, lupine, phlox, and huckleberry. This geographical feature's name has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

Castilleja
Castilleja (/kəˈstɪliə/ kə-STIL-ee-ə or /ˌkæstɪˈleɪə/ KAS-til-AY-ə), commonly known as paintbrushes, painted cups, or prairie-fire, is a genus of about 200 species of annual and perennial mostly herbaceous plants native to the west of the Americas from Alaska south to the Andes, northern Asia, and one species as far west as the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. These plants are classified in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae (following major rearrangements of the order Lamiales starting around 2001; sources which do not follow these reclassifications may place them in the Scrophulariaceae). They are hemiparasitic on the roots of grasses and forbs. The genus was named after Spanish botanist Domingo Castillejo.
Abdullah Awad Al Juhany
Abdullah Awad Al Juhany (Arabic: عبد الله عواد الجهني), is one of the ten Imams of the Grand Mosque Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. He holds a B.A. from the faculty of Qur'an at the Islamic University of Madinah, and a doctorate (Ph.D.) from Umm al-Qura University in Mecca.

Juhany has led the Taraweeh prayers during Ramadan in Mecca since 2005. His voice has been widely recorded and is internationally distributed by various communities.

Umm al-Qura University
Umm al-Qura University (UQU; Arabic: جامعة أم القرى, romanized: Jāmiʿah ʾUmm al-Qurā, lit. 'Mother of All Villages') is a public university in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The university was established as the College of Sharia (Islamic law) in 1949 during the reign of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud before being joined by new colleges and renamed as Umm al-Qura through a royal decree in 1981.

UQU started primarily as an Islamic university offering degrees in Islamic Law, Theology and Arabic language studies. It now offers more courses in such diverse subjects as Technology Management, Business Management, Islamic Economics, Marketing, Engineering, Technology, Medicine, Education, Architecture, as well various Applied, Social and Engineering Sciences. In 2015, the UQU annual budget hovered around SR 3 billion (US$801,399,900).
Williamson v. Lee Optical Co.
Williamson v. Lee Optical Co., 348 U.S. 483 (1955), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that state laws regulating business are subject to only rational basis review and that the Court need not contemplate all possible reasons for legislation.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Juan Casado Obispo
Juan Casado Obispo (27 December 1886 – 19 January 1941) was a Spanish Roman Catholic prelate of the Dominican Order. He was appointed vicar apostolic of Thái Bình and titular bishop of Barata from 1936 to 1941. He died on 19 January 1941 at the age of 54.

Diocese of Thái Bình
The diocese of Thai Binh (Latin: Dioecesis de Thai Binh) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Vietnam. The bishop is Dominic Đặng Văn Cầu, since 2022, succeeding Bishop Pierre Nguyễn Văn Đệ.

The creation of the diocese in its present form was declared on November 24, 1960.

The diocese covers an area of 2,200 km2, and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Hanoi.

By 2004, the diocese of Thai Binh had about 116,399 believers (4.1% of the population), 42 priests, and 64 parishes.

Sacred Heart Cathedral in Thai Binh town has been assigned as the Cathedral of the diocese.

In May 2008, the authorities returned the two-building compound My Duc seminary, built in 1936, to the diocese. The seminary, which now bears the name of the Sacred Heart, provides education for 33 Roman Catholic students.
USS Fargo (CL-106)
USS Fargo (CL-106), named after the city of Fargo, North Dakota, was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers of the United States Navy, most of which were canceled due to the end of World War II.

The Fargo-class cruisers were a modified version of the previous Cleveland-class cruiser design; the main difference was a more compact pyramidal superstructure with a single trunked funnel, intended to improve AA gun arcs of fire.

The cruiser was launched 25 February 1945 by New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey, sponsored by Mrs. F. O. Olsen, and commissioned 9 December 1945.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
Kambila
Kambila  is a village and rural commune in the Cercle of Kati in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. The commune has an area of 429 km2 and contains 15 villages. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 13,974. The village of Kambila lies just to the east of the Route Nationale 1 (RN1) and 9 km north of Kati, the chef-lieu of the cercle.

Koulikoro Region
Koulikoro Region (Bambara: ߞߎߟߌߞߏߙߏ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kulikoro Dineja) is a region in western Mali. It is the second administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 90,120 km2. Its capital is the city of Koulikoro.
Dobrovščak
Dobrovščak (pronounced [ˈdoːbɾɔu̯ʃtʃak]) is a small settlement in the Slovene Hills north of the town of Ormož in northeastern Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Rancho Potrero de los Cerritos
Rancho Potrero de los Cerritos  was a 10,610-acre (42.9 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Alameda County, California given in 1844  by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Augustin Alviso and Tomás Pacheco.  The name means "pasture of the little hills" and included the Coyote Hills.  The three square league grant, part of former Mission San José lands, encompassed present day Alvarado.

Mission San José (California)
Mission San José is a Spanish mission located in the present-day city of Fremont, California, United States. It was founded on June 11, 1797, by the Franciscan order and was the fourteenth Spanish mission established in California. The Mission entered a long period of gradual decline after Mexican secularization act of 1833. After suffering decline, neglect and earthquakes most of the mission was in ruins.  Restoration efforts in the intervening periods have reconstructed many of the original structures. The old mission church remains in use as a chapel of Saint Joseph Catholic Church, a parish of the Diocese of Oakland. The museum also features a visitor center, museum, and slide show telling the history of the mission.
Military budget of Turkey
Military budget of Turkey, Turkey’s military budget is at 100.4 billion Turkish liras, or $25.3 billion, former Turkish Defense Minister İsmet Yılmaz said 8 November 2014. He was responding to a question from an opposition party leader, the Nationalist Movement Party’s Ankara deputy Özcan Yeniçeri, who asked how much Turkey had spent on its defense budget since 2002. Yılmaz said Turkey spent about 1.71 percent of its gross domestic product, or the GDP on defense in 2014. Turkey used to spend 3.5 percent of its GDP on defense in 2002.

According to the minister, Turkey’s military expenditure per capita in 2013 was 474 Turkish liras or $213. He also said Turkey’s defense exports stood at $1.4 billion in 2014, while its imports amounted to $1.3 billion. The 2014 defense budget accounted for 3.7 percent of the overall state budget. About half of the country’s defense budget went to personnel spending such as salaries, benefits and pension payments to retired Turkish Army personnel.

Turkish lira
The lira (Turkish: Türk lirası; sign: ₺; ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey. It is also legal tender in the de facto state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. One lira is divided into one hundred kuruş. The First Turkish lira could be further subdivided, where one kuruş was equal to 40 para.

The current lira is the Second Turkish lira, having succeeded the first Turkish lira in 2005 which in turn succeeded the Ottoman lira in 1923. Since 2018 the Turkish lira has been in crisis, having plummeted in value following Turkish president Erdoğan's economic and political policies.
Taleigao Assembly constituency
Taleigao Assembly constituency is one of the 40 Goa Legislative Assembly constituencies of the state of Goa in southern India. Taleigao is also one of the 20 constituencies falling under North Goa Lok Sabha constituency.

Goa Legislative Assembly
The Goa Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state of Goa in India. The Assembly meets at the Goa State Legislative Assembly Complex in Porvorim, Bardez. The Eighth Goa Legislative Assembly consists of 40 members. The assembly is in charge of the budget, the Assembly appropriates money for social programs, agricultural development, infrastructure development, etc. It is also responsible for proposing and levying taxes.
Arrondissement of Rochefort
The arrondissement of Rochefort (French: arrondissement de Rochefort) is an arrondissement (district) in the Charente-Maritime department in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. It has 78 communes. Its population is 194,579 (2021), and its area is 1,534.6 km2 (592.5 sq mi).

Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁɑ̃t maʁitim] ⓘ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine; Occitan: Charanta Maritima) is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on the country's west coast. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2019, it had a population of 651,358 with an area of 6,864 square kilometres (2,650 sq mi).
Madlyn M. Kahr
Madlyn Millner Kahr (née Madlyn Millner; 1913–2004) was an American art historian and educator. She specialized in the study of 16th–17th century painting of Dutch, Spanish, and Venetian origins, and feminist art history. Kahr was professor emeritus at the University of California, San Diego. She authored the books, Velázquez: The Art of Painting (1976), and Dutch Painting In The Seventeenth Century (1982).

Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins, based in New York City. Founded in New York in 1817 by James Harper and his brother John, the company operated as J. & J. Harper until 1833, when it changed its name to Harper & Brothers, reflecting the inclusion of Joseph and Fletcher Harper. Harper began publishing Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and other periodicals beginning in the 1850s. From 1962 to 1990, the company was known as Harper & Row after its merger with Row, Peterson & Company. Harper & Row was purchased in 1987 by News Corporation and combined with William Collins, Sons, its United Kingdom counterpart, in 1990 to form HarperCollins, although the Harper name has been used in its place since 2007.
Heat detector
A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. All heat detectors have this thermal lag. Heat detectors have two main classifications of operation, "rate-of-rise" and "fixed temperature". The heat detector is used to help in the reduction of property damage.

Thermal energy
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system.

Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

The characteristic energy kBT, where T denotes temperature and kB denotes the Boltzmann constant; it is twice that associated with each degree of freedom.

Mark Zemansky (1970) has argued that the term "thermal energy" is best avoided due to its ambiguity. He suggests using more precise terms such as "internal energy" and "heat" to avoid confusion. The term is, however, used in some textbooks.
Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' 800 metre freestyle
The girls' 800 metre freestyle event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 19 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening, and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning sessions.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
John Stuart Ingle
John Stuart Ingle (1933 – October 30, 2010) was an American contemporary realist artist, known for his meticulously rendered watercolor paintings, typically still lifes.  Some criticism has characterized Ingle's work as a kind of magic realism.  Ingle was born in Indiana and died, aged 77, in Minnesota.

Significant critical recognition of Ingle's work has included the publication of a book, The Eye and the Heart: Watercolors of John Stuart Ingle (Rizzoli International, 1988), authored by Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist John Camp, and including an introduction by Frank H. Goodyear Jr., president of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (and author of Contemporary Realism since 1960). The 110-page book on Ingle was published in conjunction with major solo exhibitions jointly sponsored by the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science in Evansville, Indiana.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Morgagni
Morgagni can refer to:

Giovanni Battista Morgagni, an Italian anatomist 
Structures and conditions named after this person:
Morgagni's hernia
Foramina of Morgagni (sternocostal triangle)
Hydatid of Morgagni
Sinus of Morgagni (aorta)
Sinus of Morgagni (pharynx)
Pillars (or Columns) of Morgagni

Manlio Morgagni, Italian Fascist

Tullo Morgagni, Italian journalist and sports race director

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm.  The most common type of CDH is a Bochdalek hernia;  other types include Morgagni hernia, diaphragm eventration and central tendon defects of the diaphragm.  Malformation of the diaphragm allows the abdominal organs to push into the chest cavity, hindering proper lung formation.

CDH is a life-threatening condition in infants and a major cause of death due to two complications: pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension.  Experts disagree on the relative importance of these two conditions, with some focusing on hypoplasia, others on hypertension. Newborns with CDH often have severe respiratory distress which can be life-threatening unless treated appropriately.
Štěrboholy
The Czech village of Štěrboholy was founded in 1371, and became part of Prague in 1968. Now it is its own cadastral area, part of the administrative district Prague 10.

Its area is 2.97 km2, its population is 2,464 and its population density is 829 inhabitants/km2.

Šterboholy became known during the Seven Years' War on 6 May 1757. That day was the Battle of Prague, where Frederick II the Great defeated the Austrian troops of Charles Alexander of Lorraine.

Battle of Štěrboholy
The Battle of Prague, also known as Battle of Štěrboholy,  was fought on 6 May 1757, during the Third Silesian War and the broader Seven Years' War, between the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria. Although Frederick the Great's army of 64,000 Prussians forced 60,000 Austrians to retreat, he lost 14,300 men and decided he was not strong enough to attack Prague.

The battle is mentioned in the famous German ballad Lenore written in 1773 by Gottfried August Bürger.
Tergallic acid
Tergallic acids are trimers of gallic acid, often found naturally in the form of glycosides. Tergallic acid O- or C-glucosides that can be found in acorns of several Quercus (oak) species. The dehydrated tergallic acid C-glucoside and tergallic acid O-glucoside can be characterised in the acorns of Quercus macrocarpa. Dehydrated tergallic-C-glucoside (m/z 613) can be found in the cork from Quercus suber.

Tergallic acid glucosides can also be found in Terminalia chebula.

Tergallic acid dilactone can be found in Rhynchosia volubilis seeds.

The chemical formula is not the same as given by Kinjo et al. (molecule with an ether link between the ellagic and gallic acid residues) or by Cantos, Chapman and Fernandes et al. (molecule with a carbon-carbon link). Cantos, Fernandes and Chapman called the molecule with an ether link valoneic acid dilactone while Kinjo and Shuaibu et al. called the molecule with a carbon-carbon link flavogallonic acid dilactone.

Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula, commonly known as black- or chebulic myrobalan, is a species of Terminalia, native to South Asia from Pakistan,
India and Nepal east to southwest China (Yunnan), and south to Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Vietnam.