hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oakfield Grange
The Oakfield Grange was an historic clubhouse and community meeting space at 89 Ridge Road in Oakfield, Maine.  Built in 1906 by the local chapter of the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange), the building was for many years the sole social meeting space of any size in the small rural community.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.  It has since been demolished, and was delisted in 2023.

National Grange
The National Grange, also known as The Grange and officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the Granger Laws to lower rates charged by railroads, and rural free mail delivery by the Post Office.

In 2025, the Grange had a membership of 140,000, with organizations in 1,400 communities. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges continue to serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
Catherine Mavrikakis
Catherine Mavrikakis (born January 7, 1961) is a Canadian academic and writer living in Quebec.

The daughter of a Greek father who grew up in Algeria and a French mother, she was born in Chicago and grew up in Anjou, Montréal-Nord, St. Leonard, in France and in the United States. She settled in Montreal in 1979. From 1993 to 2003, she taught at Concordia University. In 2003, she joined the department of French language literature at the Université de Montréal.

The 2015 virtual reality work The Unknown Photographer incorporated text by Mavrikakis.

Saint-Leonard, Quebec
Saint-Leonard (/ˈliːoʊnɑːrd/ LEE-oh-nard; French: Saint-Léonard [sɛ̃ leɔnaʁ] ⓘ) is a borough (arrondissement) of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Formerly a separate city, it was amalgamated into the city of Montreal in 2002. The former city was originally called Saint-Leonard de Port Maurice after Leonard of Port Maurice, an Italian saint. The borough is home to Montreal's Via Italia.
Nick Anderson (cartoonist)
Nick Anderson is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American editorial cartoonist whose cartoons typically present liberal viewpoints. He currently draws cartoons for the Tribune Content Agency. His work has appeared in The New York Times, Newsweek, The Washington Post and USA Today. He has appeared on CNN, MSNBC, and Fox News' The O'Reilly Factor. In addition, he is co-founder of Counterpoint Media.

His artwork is characterized by a painterly style due to his use of Corel Painter software, which he uses in conjunction with the Wacom Cintiq computer monitor. He has been designated a "Painter Master" by The Corel Corporation. Anderson's cartoons have been featured in a series of instructional books, The Painter X Wow! Book by Cher Threinen-Pendarvis.

Wacom
Wacom Co., Ltd. (株式会社ワコム, Kabushiki gaisha Wakomu; /ˈwɑːkəm/) is a Japanese company headquartered in Kazo, Saitama, Japan, that specializes in manufacturing graphics tablets and related products. As of 2012 Wacom generated sales of approximately 40.7 billion yen with 785 employees. Wacom also has major offices in Dusseldorf, Germany and Vancouver, Washington. The company's shares are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
Ancient Cappadocian language
The ancient Cappadocian language was an ancient language or group of languages spoken in Asia Minor, possibly related to Hittite or Luwian. If Luwian, it may have been related to the dialect of Tabal. There are no known texts in this language.

Strabo and Basil of Caesarea state that it was not Greek.

It was ultimately replaced by Koine Greek, but appears to have survived in some locations until at least the 6th century CE.

Luwian language
Luwian (/ˈluːwiən/ LOO-wee-ən), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The ethnonym Luwian comes from Luwiya (also spelled Luwia or Luvia) – the name of the region in which the Luwians lived. Luwiya is attested, for example, in the Hittite laws.

The two varieties of Luwian are known after the scripts in which they were written: Cuneiform Luwian (CLuwian) and Hieroglyphic Luwian (HLuwian). There is no consensus as to whether these were a single language or two closely related languages.
HAProxy
HAProxy is a free and open source software that provides a high availability load balancer and proxy (forward proxy, reverse proxy) for TCP and HTTP-based applications that spreads requests across multiple servers. It is written in C and has a reputation for being fast and efficient (in terms of processor and memory usage).

HAProxy is used by a number of high-profile websites including GoDaddy, GitHub, Bitbucket, Stack Overflow, Reddit, Slack, Speedtest.net, Tumblr, Twitter and Tuenti and is used in the OpsWorks product from Amazon Web Services.

GoDaddy
GoDaddy Inc. is an American publicly traded Internet domain registry, domain registrar and web hosting company headquartered in Tempe, Arizona, and incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law. As of 2023, GoDaddy is the world's fifth largest web host by market share, with over 62 million registered domains. The company primarily serves small and micro companies, which make up most of its 20 million customers.
Mound of Glory
The Mound of Glory (Belarusian: Курган Славы, romanized: Kurgan Slavy, lit. 'Kurgan of Glory') is a memorial complex honouring Soviet soldiers who fought during World War II, located  21 km from Minsk, Belarus on the Moscow Highway. Designed by O.Stakhovich  and sculpted by A.Bembel, it was established in 1969 on the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus during Operation Bagration (1944).

Kurgan
A kurgan is a type of tumulus (burial mound) constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons, and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into much of Central Asia and Eastern, Southeast, Western, and Northern Europe during the third millennium BC.

The earliest kurgans date to the fourth millennium BC in the Caucasus, and some researchers associate these with the Indo-Europeans. Kurgans were built in the Eneolithic, Bronze, Iron, Antiquity, and Middle Ages, with ancient traditions still active in Southern Siberia and Central Asia.
704 Naval Air Squadron
704 Naval Air Squadron (704 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It formed as an Operational Training Unit, at RNAS Zeals (HMS Hummingbird) in Wiltshire, in April 1945, operating with de Havilland Mosquito aircraft. The squadron later moved to RAF Thorney Island in West Sussex, in the September, and continued with de Havilland Mosquito conversion courses, however the squadron disbanded in December 1945.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Ronald A. Wilford
Ronald A. Wilford (November 4, 1927, in Salt Lake City – June 13, 2015, in New York City) was an American music manager who has been described as “classical music's biggest power broker”. He spent 50 years at Columbia Artists Management, Inc. (CAMI), his clients included conductors James Levine, Seiji Ozawa, Mstislav Rostropovich, Herbert von Karajan, Claudio Abbado, Kurt Masur,  Sir Colin Davis, Riccardo Muti, pianists Maurizio Pollini and Vladimir Horowitz as well as vocalists Kathleen Battle and Marilyn Horne, among many others.

Vladimir Horowitz
Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (October 1 [O.S. September 18] 1903 – November 5, 1989) was a Russian and American pianist. Considered one of the greatest pianists of all time, he was known for his virtuoso technique, timbre, and the public excitement engendered by his playing.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is typically a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing. Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer.

Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases, infections, and interstitial lung diseases. But in most cases the cause is unknown (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging, lung biopsy, and lung function tests.

No cure exists and treatment options are limited. Treatment is directed toward improving symptoms and may include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. Certain medications may slow the scarring. Lung transplantation may be an option. At least 5 million people are affected globally. Life expectancy is generally less than five years.

Pulmonary function testing
Pulmonary function testing (PFT)  is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment.  Pulmonary function testing has diagnostic and therapeutic roles and helps clinicians answer some general questions about patients with lung disease. PFTs are normally performed by a pulmonary function technologist, respiratory therapist, respiratory physiologist, physiotherapist, pulmonologist, or general practitioner.
Feng Chu
Feng Chu (Chinese: 储凤; pinyin: Chǔ Fèng; born 1965) is a Chinese-French computer scientist and operations researcher whose research applies Petri nets to combinatorial optimization problems arising in inventory control, manufacturing, and transportation. She is a distinguished professor at the University of Évry Val d'Essonne, where she is director of the AROBAS (Algorithmics, Operational Research, Bioinformatics and Statistical Learning) team within the IBISC (Computer Science, Bio-Informatics and Complex Systems) laboratory, and head of the Chinese mission in the office of the president of the university.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
JamPlay
JamPlay is an online instructional guitar-playing subscription service. The company was founded in Beavercreek, Ohio in 2006 by Kevin Wimer, Jeff Booth and Chris Dawson. From 2010 to 2013, the company's revenue rose from $2 million to $4.1 million, a 105 percent growth.

JamPlay streams videos of guitar lessons and live chats with music teachers. It has over 4,000 lessons from 70 professional instructors including musicians such as Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal, Steve Stevens, Robb Flynn, Phil Demmel, Glen Drover, Rex Brown, Andy James and Mike Mushok.

Glen Drover
Glen Drover (born May 25, 1969) is a Canadian heavy metal guitarist from Ottawa, Ontario. He is best known as the former lead guitarist of Megadeth and King Diamond, along with his brother Shawn Drover who also performed with Megadeth.
Maestro Reverendo
Maestro Reverendo, (born Ángel Muñoz-Alonso; 1955 – 7 September 2012) was a Spanish musician and composer.

He was born and died in Madrid, where he started playing the piano at the school of Escolapios; he earned the nickname Reverendo (Reverend) when he worked as an organist in the church of San Antón. He began his rock career in the 1970s in the band Desmadre 75, more famous for its song Saca el güiski, cheli; later, with the group Paracelso, he won the first two editions of the Rock Villa de Madrid Awards in 1978 and 1979. During the 1980s he collaborated with bands like Siniestro Total or Los Ronaldos and played with Miguel Ríos.

He composed themes and soundtracks in Galician for Televisión de Galicia. His artistic career was linked from the late 1970s to El Gran Wyoming, including his time in the satirical program Caiga quien caiga. He retired in 2003.

El Gran Wyoming
José Miguel Monzón Navarro (15 May 1955, Madrid), better known by his stage name El Gran Wyoming (The Great Wyoming), Wyoming or Guayo, is a Spanish comedian, musician, writer and TV presenter. He has hosted the LaSexta satire show El Intermedio since 2006.

In 2016, Wyoming's program El Intermedio was ordered to pay €35,380 in compensation to a woman for displaying a topless picture of her on their website for several months without her consent.
Murder of Ho Hon Sing
Ho Hon Sing (c. 1955 – 3 August 1989; Chinese: 何汉成; Jyutping: Ho4 Hon3 Sing4; Cantonese Yale: Hòh Hon Sìhng) was a 34-year-old loan shark who was found dead on 3 August 1989 at the foot of a Housing and Development Board (HDB) block at Beach Road, Singapore. Initially thought to have committed suicide, he was later found to have been drugged and thrown off the flat's common corridor by his childhood friend, 37-year-old Yeo Watt Song (c. 1952 – c. March 1994; Chinese: 杨越松; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iông Oa̍t Siông; Tâi-lô: Iông Ua̍t Siông).

Loan shark
A loan shark is a person who offers loans at extremely high or illegal interest rates, has strict terms of collection, and generally operates outside the law, often using the threat of violence or other illegal, aggressive, and extortionate actions when seeking to enforce the satisfaction of the debt. As a consistent or repeated illegal business operation or "racket", loan sharking is generally associated with organized crime and certain criminal organizations.
Alessandro Capriolo
Alessandro Capriolo was an engraver and printer who was born in the Holy Roman Empire and lived part of his life in the Papal States.

He was born in Trento in about 1557, but moved to Rome in 1580 to become a printer. He engraved an Assumption based on a fresco by Zuccari, a Mary Magdalen based on a design of the Flemish painter and draughtsman Maerten de Vos, and others.

Maerten de Vos
Maerten de Vos, Maerten de Vos the Elder or Marten de Vos (1532 – 4 December 1603) was a Flemish painter, mainly for his history and allegorical paintings and portraits. He was, together with the brothers Ambrosius Francken I and Frans Francken I, one of the leading history painters in the Spanish Netherlands after Frans Floris's career slumped in the second half of the sixteenth century as a result of the Iconoclastic fury of the Beeldenstorm.

De Vos was a prolific draughtsman and produced numerous designs for the Antwerp printers.  These were circulated widely in Europe and the Spanish colonies and contributed to his international reputation and influence. His designs were also used as models for tapestries and stained glass windows.
Teploklyuchenka Game Reserve
Teploklyuchenka Game Reserve (Kyrgyz: Теплоключенка зоологиялык (аң уулоочу) заказниги) is a protected area in Ak-Suu District, Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It was established in 1958 on the north slope of Teskey Ala-Too in the Arashan river basin with a purpose of conservation of game animals and protection of natural mountain forests. The reserve covers 32,200 hectares.

Issyk-Kul Region
Issyk-Kul is one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Karakol. It is surrounded by Almaty Region, Kazakhstan to the north, Chüy Region to the west, Naryn Region to the southwest, and Xinjiang, China to the southeast. It takes its name from Lake Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high altitude lake. Its total area is 43,735 km2 (16,886 sq mi). The resident population of the region was 501,933 as of January 2021. The region has a sizeable Russian (8.0% in 2009) minority.
Like That (Doja Cat song)
"Like That" is a song by American rapper and singer Doja Cat, featuring fellow rapper Gucci Mane. It was written by both artists along with Theron Thomas, Lydia Asrat, David Sprecher, and producers  Dr. Luke (credited as Tyson Trax) and Mike Crook. Originally included as a track on Doja Cat's second studio album Hot Pink (2019), it became a single on May 12, 2020, following a viral dance challenge using the song on the app TikTok.

Before "Like That" had become a single in May, the song had already begun to chart in several countries following the viral TikTok dance which used the song. Following its release as a single, the song peaked at number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The music video was released on June 25, 2020. Doja Cat promoted the single with multiple live performances, including at the 2020 Video Music Awards, the Billboard Music Awards, and Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve.

Yeti Beats
David Alexander Sprecher (born July 2, 1981), known professionally as Yeti Beats, is an American record producer and songwriter. He is best known for his work with American singer and rapper Doja Cat, having produced her breakout singles "Candy", "Juicy" and "Say So". The success of all three led him to sign with Warner/Chappell Music in May 2020.

He has served as lead producer on Doja Cat's albums Amala (2018), Hot Pink (2019), and Planet Her (2021). Prior, he had written and produced reggae, R&B, and hip hop albums by acts such as Rebelution, Konshens, Los Rakas, Dark Waves, and Mellow Man Ace.
Opisthothelae
Opisthothelae is a suborder of spiders within the order Araneae, containing Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, but excluding Mesothelae. The Opisthothelae are sometimes presented as an unranked clade and sometimes as a suborder of Araneae. In the latter case, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae are treated as infraorders.

The creation of this taxon has been justified by the need to distinguish these spiders from the Mesothelae, which display more primitive characteristics. The characteristics that distinguish between the Mesothelae and Opisthothelae are:

Mesothelae have a segmented abdomen with tergite plates, whereas Opisthothelae have fused abdominal segments and lack tergite plates.

The almost total absence of ganglia in the abdomen of Opisthothelae.

The almost median position of the spinnerets in the Mesothelae compared with the hindmost position of those of the Opistothelae.

Ganglion
A ganglion (pl.: ganglia) is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. In the somatic nervous system, this includes dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia among a few others. In the autonomic nervous system, there are both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia which contain the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons respectively.

A pseudoganglion looks like a ganglion, but only has nerve fibers and has few nerve cell bodies.
Secondary palate
The secondary palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates.

In human embryology, it refers to that portion of the hard palate that is formed by the growth of the two palatine shelves medially and their mutual fusion in the midline. It forms the majority of the adult palate and meets the primary palate at the incisive foramen.

Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity is an air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. The nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities, also known as fossae. Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils. The nasal cavity is the uppermost part of the respiratory system and provides the nasal passage for inhaled air from the nostrils to the nasopharynx and rest of the respiratory tract.

The paranasal sinuses surround and drain into the nasal cavity.
Joseph von Henikstein
Joseph Ritter von Henikstein (1768 – April 29, 1838) was a Jewish businessman and financier.  He was a patron of the arts, and a friend of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Born in Leimen, Baden, Henikstein was married to Elisabeth von Sonnenstein (1770–1823). His daughter Caroline was married to Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, the diplomat and translator of Oriental literature. His youngest son was Alfred von Henikstein.  Joseph von Henikstein died in Vienna, Austria.

Joseph von Henikstein was an imperial and royal privileged wholesaler and owner of Henikstein and Comp., as well as one of the first directors of the Austrian National Bank, founded in 1818. In his two residences in downtown Vienna and at his country estate in Oberdöbling, there were frequent house concerts where prominent musicians played music together with family members.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Aeropod
The Aeropod is a mixed development projects comprising hotel, a retail mall, retail offices, residential suites, corporate offices and green parks in Tanjung Aru, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The projects are being done in five stages. The projects also include a provision for light rail transit (LRT) in the Kota Kinabalu metropolitan, to improve the already available rail station in Tanjung Aru.

Tanjung Aru
Tanjung Aru is a sub-district of Kota Kinabalu in Sabah, of Malaysia. Its main feature is its beach called Tanjung Aru Beach which stretches to over 2 kilometres long along with new skyscrapers. This beach has a lot of Casuarina equisetifolia trees (aru) there naming this town.

It also has its own township called Tanjung Aru Town. Other notable features include the Perdana Park, the Kinabalu Golf Club, the Kinabalu Yacht Club, and the Tanjung Aru railway station of Sabah State Railway.
Halltorps hage
Halltorps hage is a nature reserve on the island of Öland in Borgholm Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden.

The nature reserve serves to protect an area with varied deciduous forest. At the heart of the reserve is a pasture dominated by several large oaks. Other trees found in the reserve include ash, linden, maple and hornbeam. Flowers such as spring vetchling, yellow anemone and the unusual Veronica montana grow in the nature reserve. The nature reserve is part of the EU-wide Natura 2000-network.

Kalmar County
Kalmar County (Swedish: Kalmar län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland.

The counties are mainly administrative units. Geographically Kalmar County covers the eastern part in the Småland province, and the entire island of Öland.