hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rod cell
Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.  Rods are usually found concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average, there are approximately 92 million rod cells (vs ~4.6 million cones) in the human retina. Rod cells are more sensitive than cone cells and are almost entirely responsible for night vision. However, rods have little role in color vision, which is the main reason why colors are much less apparent in dim light.

Transducin
Transducin (Gt) is a protein complex naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rods and cones and it is very important in vertebrate phototransduction. It is a type of heterotrimeric G-protein with different α subunits in rod and cone photoreceptors.

Light leads to conformational changes in the G protein–coupled receptor rhodopsin, which in turn leads to the activation of transducin. Transducin activates phosphodiesterase, which results in the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The intensity of the flash response is directly proportional to the number of transducin activated.
Carburetor heat
Carburetor heat (usually abbreviated to 'carb heat') is a system used in automobile and piston-powered light aircraft engines to prevent or clear carburetor icing.  It consists of a moveable flap which draws hot air into the engine intake.  The air is drawn from the heat stove, a metal plate around the (very hot) exhaust manifold.

Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.
ROKS Jeonbuk
ROKS Jeonbuk is the name of two Republic of Korea Navy warships:

ROKS Jeonbuk (DD-916), a Chungbuk-class destroyer from 1972 to 1999.

ROKS Jeonbuk (FFG-813), a Incheon-class frigate from 2015 to present.

Incheon-class frigate
The Incheon-class frigates (Korean: 인천급 호위함, Hanja: 仁川級護衛艦), also known as the Future Frigate eXperimental or FFX during development, and latterly, the FFX-I, or FFG-I, are coastal defense frigates of the Republic of Korea Navy. The lead ship was launched on 29 April 2011. The Incheon-class frigates will replace the aging fleet of Pohang-class corvettes and Ulsan-class frigates, and take over multi-role operations such as coast patrol, anti-submarine warfare and transport support. Later batches are planned to be specialized on anti-air and anti-submarine warfare. An improved version is being introduced as the Daegu-class frigate; this was previously known as Batch II of the Incheon class, FFX-II.
2018–19 VTB United League
The 2018–19 VTB United League was the 10th complete season of the VTB United League. It was also the sixth season that the league functions as the Russian domestic first tier level. It started in October 2018 with the first round of the regular season and ended in June 2019 with the last game of the finals.

CSKA Moscow is the defending champion.

Russian basketball league system
The Russian basketball league system is a hierarchical league system for professional basketball clubs in Russia,  with promotion and relegation between different levels of competition. There are currently five levels of competition: the VTB United League, the Russian Super League 1, the Russian Super League 2, the Russian Super League 3 and the Under-23 Youth League.
Westside High School (Craighead County, Arkansas)
Westside High School is a comprehensive public junior/senior high school serving grades eight through twelve in unincorporated Craighead County, Arkansas, United States, in a rural area near Jonesboro. Westside High School is one of eight public high schools in the county and is the sole high school managed by the Westside Consolidated School District. The school is alternatively referred to as Jonesboro Westside or Westside Consolidated.

The school district, and therefore the school's attendance zone, occupies sections of Craighead and Lawrence counties. It principally serves Bono, Cash, and Egypt, and it also serves portions of Jonesboro.

Arkansas Department of Education
The Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) is a cabinet-level agency of the Arkansas state government overseeing public education for K-12, higher education institutions, and career and technical education.

The ADE also contains the Arkansas State Library, the Arkansas School for the Deaf, Arkansas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission.
Ronks, Pennsylvania
Ronks is a small unincorporated farming community and census-designated place (CDP) in East Lampeter Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, just west of Paradise. As of the 2010 census the population was 362.

The community is the home of Ronks Concrete Company and has a large Amish and Mennonite population. The Ronks ZIP code of 17572 covers a much larger area than the CDP, extending south into Strasburg Township and east into Leacock Township. Within this larger area are several Amish-themed tourist attractions, shops, restaurants, and lodging.

Leacock Township, Pennsylvania
Leacock Township is an American township that is located in east central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population of the township was 5,652, an increase over the figure of 5,220 tabulated in 2010.
John Velis
John Christopher Velis is an American state legislator and Democratic member of the Massachusetts Senate since 2020. He previously represented the 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district, which includes his hometown of Westfield, and currently represents the Hampden and Hampshire district after the 2020 census. Prior his election to the state senate, Velis was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2014 to 2020.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
Airstrike on Udbina Air Base
On 21 November 1994, NATO aircraft taking part of Operation Deny Flight carried out an airstrike on the airbase of Udbina, Croatia, then part of the self-proclaimed Serbian Republic of Krajina. The Serbian Army of Krajina, through its 105th Aviation Brigade, had been launching air attacks on neighbour Bosnia and Herzegovina from the base in support of allied Serbian forces there, especially during the siege of Bihać. NATO forces intervened in order to deter further attacks. Two anti-aircraft SA-2 missile sites that the Serbs had used to attack Bihac in the ground-to-ground mode and to engage NATO aircraft were also destroyed in the following days. The bombing of Udbina was the largest air combat operation in Europe since World War II, and the largest combat operation in NATO's history up to that time.

Serbian Army of Krajina
The Serbian Army of Krajina (SAK, Serbo-Croatian: Srpska vojska Krajine, Српска војска Крајине, abbr. SVK), also known as the Army of the Republic of Serbian Krajina or Krajina Serbian Army, was the armed forces of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK). The SVK consisted of ground and air elements.

Created through the merger of the Territorial Defense of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (TORSK), units of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the Krajina Militia, the SVK was officially established on 19 March 1992. Responsible for the security of the RSK, its area of responsibility covered an area of some 17,028 km² at its peak, as it was located entirely inland it thus had no naval forces. The SVK, along with the state of RSK, ceased to exist in 1995 following the Croatian military offensive Operation Storm.
1973 World Table Tennis Championships – Men's doubles
The 1973 World Table Tennis Championships men's doubles was the 32nd edition of the men's doubles championship.
Stellan Bengtsson and Kjell Johansson won the title after defeating István Jónyer and Tibor Klampár in the final by three sets to two.

Kjell Johansson (table tennis)
Kjell Johansson (5 October 1946 – 24 October 2011) was a Swedish table tennis player.

From 1963 to 1977, he won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the European Table Tennis Championships and in the World Table Tennis Championships. He won the 1965 Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal. He was a native of Eskilstuna.

He also won three English Open titles.

Johansson was called Hammaren, which means "The Hammer" in Swedish, because of his hard forehand. His brother Christer Johansson was also an international table tennis player.

Johansson died in Eksjö on 24 October 2011, aged 65, following a long illness.
Jaroslav Šrámek
Colonel Jaroslav Šrámek (3 May 1929 – 16 February 2015) was a fighter pilot, active during the Cold War. He was known as the only pilot from the Czechoslovak Air Force ever to have shot down an enemy jet-propelled plane. Šrámek flew more than 2,000 operational hours during his career, which spanned from 1951 to 1989.

Czechoslovak Air Force
The Czechoslovak Air Force (Československé letectvo) or the Czechoslovak Army Air Force (Československé vojenské letectvo) was the air force branch of the Czechoslovak Army formed in October 1918. The armed forces of Czechoslovakia ceased to exist on 31 December 1992. By the end of the year, all aircraft of the Czechoslovak Air Force were divided between the Czech Air Force and the Slovak Air Force.
Battle of Larga
The Battle of (the) Larga was fought between 65,000 Crimean Tatars and 15,000 Ottomans under Qaplan II Giray against 38,000 Russians under Field-Marshal Rumyantsev on the banks of the Larga River, a tributary of the Prut River, in Moldavia (now in Moldova), for eight hours on 7 July 1770. It was fought on the same day as Battle of Chesma, a key naval engagement of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774.

The battle was a decisive victory for the Russians who captured 33 Turkish cannons and the vast enemy camp. For this victory, Rumyantsev was awarded the Order of Saint George of the 1st degree. Two weeks later, the Russians scored an even greater victory in the Battle of Kagul.

Prut
The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; Romanian pronunciation: [prut], Ukrainian: Прут) is a river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube, and is 953 km (592 mi) long. Part of its course forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine.
Girolamo di Tiziano
Girolamo di Tiziano was an Italian painter. He got his name from having been a scholar of Titian and an assistant to him in some of his less important works, and is also known as Girolamo Dante or Girolamo Dente. He flourished at Venice from 1550 to 1580. It is said that in copying the originals of his master, he attained so high a degree of excellence, that such of his pieces as were retouched by Titian, bid defiance often to the judgment of the most expert connoisseurs. He also produced works of his own design; the altar-piece attributed to him at San Giovanni Nuovo, representing SS. Cosmo and Damianus, reflects credit on the school to which he belonged.

He was born and died in Ceneda. An Adoration by the Magi is found in the Museo Civico of Feltri.

Feltri
Feltri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

M. Laura Feltri (1963–2023), Italian-American biochemist and neurologist

Thiago Feltri (born 1985), Brazilian footballer

Vittorio Feltri (born 1943), Italian journalist
Skender Bey Crnojević
Staniša "Stanko" Crnojević (Serbian Cyrillic: Станиша “Станко“ Црнојевић; 1457–1528) was a member of the Crnojević noble family that held the Lordship of Zeta; Stanko was the heir to Ivan I Crnojević, who ruled from 1465 to 1490. In 1482 his father Ivan sent him and several of his close friends to the court of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid in order to guarantee his loyalty. Stanko converted to Islam and received the name Skender (Turkish for 'Alexander'), hence he is also known as Skender-bey Crnojević[A] (Serbian Cyrillic: Скендербег Црнојевић), and became the Ottoman sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Montenegro in 1514–1528. He is enumerated in Serbian and Montenegrin epic poetry, in which he is sometimes known as Maksim (Serbian Cyrillic: Максим).

Akinji
Akinji, akıncı or akindji (Ottoman Turkish: آقنجى, romanized: aḳıncı, lit. 'raider', IPA: [akɯnˈdʒɯ]; plural: akıncılar) were Turkish irregular light cavalry, scout divisions (deli) and advance troops of the Ottoman Empire's military. When the pre-existing Turkish ghazis were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire's military they became known as "akıncı." Unpaid, they lived and operated as raiders on the frontiers of the Ottoman Empire, subsisting on plunder. In German sources these troops were called Renner und Brenner (English: "Runner and burner"). There is a distinction made between "akıncı" and "deli" cavalry.
Croatian Peasant Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Croatian Peasant Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Croatian: Hrvatska seljačka stranka Bosne i Hercegovine or HSS BiH) is a Croatian political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Since the legacy and the brand of the historic Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) from the early 20th Century (led by Stjepan Radić and Vladko Maček) is popular and well-known, there have been couple of splinter groups and various parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina have a similar name, invoking HSS tradition.

Vladko Maček
Vladimir Maček (20 June 1879 – 15 May 1964) was a politician in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. As a leader of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) following the 1928 assassination of Stjepan Radić, Maček had been a leading Croatian political figure until the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. As a leader of the HSS, Maček played a key role in establishment of the Banovina of Croatia, an autonomous banovina in Yugoslavia in 1939.
Rossia moelleri
Rossia moelleri is a species of bobtail squid native to the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, eastward to the Laptev Sea and westward to Amundsen Bay. It occurs off western and north-eastern Greenland, north-eastern Canada, Labrador, Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen, and in the Kara Sea. R. moelleri lives at depths from 17 to 250 m.

R. moelleri grows to 50 mm in mantle length.

In Norwegian waters, R. moelleri is preyed upon by haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus  morhua).

The type specimen was collected off Greenland. It was originally deposited at the Zoologisk Museum of Kobenhavns Universitet in Copenhagen, but is no longer extant.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
Pleasant View School (Medford, Missouri)
Pleasant View School is a historic one-room school located near Medford, Johnson County, Missouri. It was built in 1915, and is a one-story, side-gabled, bungaloid frame building. The blackboard, desks, book cases, a water cooler and an oil stove are intact from when the building was last used as a schoolhouse in 1957.  Also on the property are the contributing school privy, the foundation of a coal storage building, and a well with a hand pump.: 5

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Medford, Missouri
Medford is an unincorporated community in southern Johnson County in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is located on Missouri Route 131 and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Scaly Bark Creek flows past the west side of the community where it has been impounded adjacent to the railroad line to form Rock Island Lake. Holden is 4 miles (6.4 km) north along Route 131.
Northeast Organic Farming Association
The Northeast Organic Farming Association (NOFA) is a 501(c) non-profit organization in the United States that promotes healthy food, organic farming practices, and a clean environment. It was founded in Connecticut in 1982. The purpose of the organization is to provide educational conferences, workshops, farm tours, and printed materials to educate farmers, gardeners, consumers, and land care professionals.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Andreas Pannonius
Andreas Pannonius or Andreas Ungarus (Hungarian: Magyarországi András; c. 1420 – after 1472) was a 15th-century Hungarian Carthusian friar and theological writer. He is the first author of medieval Hungarian theological literature who also created something noteworthy for international theological literature.

Among his works, a commentary on the Song of Songs (Canticle of Canticles) and two mirrors for princes dedicated to Matthias Corvinus and Ercole I d'Este were preserved. His writings are considered to form a transition from medieval Scholasticism to Renaissance humanism.

Theological virtues
Theological virtues are virtues associated in Christian theology and philosophy with salvation resulting from the grace of God. Virtues are traits or qualities which dispose one to conduct oneself in a morally good manner. Traditionally the theological virtues have been named faith, hope, and charity (love). They are coupled with the four natural or cardinal virtues, and opposed to the seven deadly sins.

The medieval Catholic philosopher Thomas Aquinas explained that these virtues are called theological virtues "first, because their object is God, inasmuch as they direct us aright to God: secondly, because they are infused in us by God alone: thirdly, because these virtues are not made known to us, save by Divine revelation, contained in Holy Writ".
Brett Grogan
Brett Grogan (born 30 August 1973) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the Newcastle Knights from 1994 to 1998, the Gateshead Thunder in 1999 and finally the Northern Eagles in 2000.

Newcastle Knights
The Newcastle Knights are an Australian professional rugby league team based in Newcastle, the largest city in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The club competes in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership. Playing in red and blue, the Knights joined the top-tier competition in 1988, 79 years after the previous Newcastle based team, the Newcastle Rebels had departed the Sydney competition with the formation of a separate league competition based in the Newcastle region.

The club has won the premiership twice (1997 and 2001) and is one of only two clubs (the other being the Wests Tigers) that has never lost a grand final in which it has participated. Notable players include: Paul Harragon, Robbie O'Davis, Danny Buderus and rugby league Immortal Andrew Johns. The team's home ground is McDonald Jones Stadium.
Üçerli, Savur
Üçerli (Kurdish: Dêrteyar) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Savur, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Dereverî tribe and had a population of 282 in 2021.

Mardin Province
Mardin Province (Turkish: Mardin ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Mêrdîn; Arabic: محافظة ماردين; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܕܝܢ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest city.
Gharanij
Gharanij (Arabic: غَرَانِيج, romanized: Ġarānīj) is a Syrian town located in Abu Kamal District, Deir ez-Zor.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Gharanij had a population of 23,009 in the 2004 census.

On 9 December 2017, Gharanij was captured by Syrian Democratic Forces in their Deir ez-Zor campaign against the Islamic State. On 21 December 2017, the Islamic State recaptured the town but it was once again liberated by the Syrian Democratic Forces in late February.
On 18 January 2026, Gharanij was captured by Syrian transitional government forces.

Abu Kamal District
Abu Kamal District (Arabic: منطقة البوكمال, romanized: manṭiqat Albūkamāl) is a district of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate in northeastern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Abu Kamal. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 265,142.

The Euphrates divides the district, with Hajin and As-Souseh subdistricts being part of Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) while Abu Kamal and Al-Jalaa subdistricts are part of the Shamiyah (the Syrian Desert). Abu Kamal is an economically prosperous farming region with cattle-breeding, cereals, and cotton crops. It is home to the historical site Dura-Europos and the tell of the ancient kingdom of Mari.
John de Mol Jr.
Johannes Hendrikus Hubert "John" de Mol Jr. is a Dutch media proprietor. De Mol is one of the men behind production companies Endemol and Talpa. He created the reality television formats Big Brother, Star Academy and The Voice, and the game shows Fear Factor, Deal or No Deal and The Floor.

Forbes estimated him to be worth about US$1.8 billion in 2023.

The Floor (game show)
The Floor is a game show franchise that originated in the Netherlands in 2023. Versions have been developed in other countries. The game is based around a floor divided into a grid of squares initially each representing a different contestant with expertise in a different trivia category. The contestants compete with neighbouring contestants in head to-head trivia "duels" with the winner's "territory" expanding into the square(s) of the floor that were controlled by the losing player.

The game progresses over the course of a season with the grand prize awarded to the player who ultimately controls  the entire floor, with secondary prizes awarded throughout the season to the player with the most territory at the end of each episode.