hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palinopsia
Palinopsia (from Greek  palin 'again' and  opsia 'seeing') is the persistent recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed. Palinopsia is not a diagnosis; it is a diverse group of pathological visual symptoms with a wide variety of causes. Visual perseveration is synonymous with palinopsia.

In 2014, Gersztenkorn and Lee comprehensively reviewed all cases of palinopsia in the literature and subdivided them into two clinically relevant groups: illusory palinopsia and hallucinatory palinopsia. Hallucinatory palinopsia, usually due to seizures or posterior cortical lesions, describes afterimages that are formed, long-lasting, and high resolution. Illusory palinopsia, usually due to migraines, head trauma, prescription drugs, visual snow syndrome or hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), describes afterimages that are affected by ambient light and motion and are unformed, indistinct, or low resolution.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Northern riffleshell
The northern riffleshell (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) is a subspecies of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.  This mussel is endangered and federally protected.  It was proposed as a species, Epioblasma rangiana, by Williams et al. (2017).

This mussel was formerly found widely in the Ohio River basin, but now the population is fragmented into only three viable groups.

This river mussel needs gravel river beds and swift-flowing, well-oxygenated water. The reduction in range seems to be principally due to impoundment, the silting up of rivers due to agriculture, mining and tree cutting and competition from zebra mussels.

Siltation
Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill.

It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
Tsaghkunk, Gegharkunik
40°34′59″N 44°52′10″E﻿ / ﻿40.58306°N 44.86944°E﻿ / 40.58306; 44.86944

Tsaghkunk (Armenian: Ծաղկունք) is a village in the Sevan Municipality of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It is situated at the right bank of the Hrazdan River, 40 km northwest from the capital city of the Kotayk Province, Hrazdan, 60 km from Yerevan and 7 km northwest of Sevan, Armenia. It is bordered by Ddmashen to the west, Geghamavan to the south, Tsovagyugh to the southeast and Dilijan National Park to the north-west. Tsaghkunk is located at the foot of the Pambak Mountain Range. St. Hovhannes, Abazants, Khachidosh Rocks and Tapidosh Hill.

Dilijan National Park
Dilijan National Park (Armenian: Դիլիջան ազգային պարկ, romanized: Dilijan azgayin park) is one of the four national parks of Armenia. Occupying an area of 240 km², it is located in the north-eastern Tavush Province of Armenia. It is known for its forest landscapes, rich biodiversity, medicinal mineral water springs, natural and cultural monuments, and extensive network of hiking trails.
Domingas Munhemeze
Domingas Munhemeze (born 28 May 2002) is a Mozambican swimmer.

In 2019, she represented Mozambique at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event. She did not advance to compete in the semi-finals. She also competed in the women's 50 metre butterfly event; in this event, she did not advance to compete in the semi-finals.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Doxography
Doxography (Greek: δόξα – "an opinion", "a point of view" + γράφειν – "to write", "to describe") is a term used especially for the works of classical historians, describing the points of view of past philosophers and scientists. The term was coined by the German classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels.

Hermann Alexander Diels
Hermann Alexander Diels (German: [diːls]; 18 May 1848 – 4 June 1922) was a German classical scholar, who was influential in the area of early Greek philosophy and is known for his standard work Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker.  Diels helped to import the term Presocratic into classical scholarship and developed the Diels–Kranz numbering system for ancient Greek Pre-Socratic texts.
District 20 (Chamber of Deputies of Chile)
District 20 (Spanish: Distrito 20) is one of the 28 multi-member electoral districts of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the National Congress, the national legislature of Chile. The district was created by the 2015 electoral reform and came into being at the following general election in 2017. It consists of the communes of Chiguayante, Concepción, Coronel, Florida, Hualpén, Hualqui, Penco, San Pedro de la Paz, Santa Juana, Talcahuano and Tomé in the region of Biobío. The district currently elects eight of the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2021 general election the district had 795,584 registered electors.

Tomé
Tomé (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈme]) is a port city and commune in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is bordered by Coelemu to the north, Ránquil and Florida to the east, Penco to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The local economy is based mainly on textile manufacturing and fishing industry.
Fame (2009 film)
Fame is a 2009 American teen musical drama film directed by Kevin Tancharoen from a screenplay by Allison Burnett. It is a remake of the 1980 film of the same name. The film follows talented high school students attending The High School of Performing Arts in New York City, where students get specialized training that often leads to success in the entertainment industry.

Debbie Allen, who portrays the school principal Angela Simms, is the only person to appear in the original film, the subsequent television series (in the film and the series she played the role of dance teacher Lydia Grant), and the remake.

Fame premiered at The Grove Theatre in Los Angeles, California on September 23, 2009, and was released in the United States on September 25, by MGM Distribution Co. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, but was moderately successful, grossing $77.2 million worldwide against a production budget of $18 million.

Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers, preteens and/or young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors in their 20s. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.

Films in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.
Brezno District
Brezno District (Slovak: okres Brezno; Hungarian: Breznóbányai járás) is a district in
the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. It was first established in 1923 and in its present borders exists from 1996.

Districts of Slovakia
The districts of Slovakia are administrative units known as okres in the Slovak language. It is a second-tier territorial administrative unit, below a Region (kraje) in standing, and superior to a municipality (obec). Each district contains at least several municipalities.

The cities of Bratislava and Košice are the only cities in Slovakia divided into internal urban districts, with five in Bratislava, and four in Košice. These urban districts are then further divided into smaller boroughs (which serve a function analogous to municipalities in typical districts).

All other districts are larger in size and also include rural areas, and rural as well as urban municipalities. Each of these more typical districts has an urban centre serving as the seat of the district, usually the largest town (or the only town) of a given district. Rural municipalities are not legally allowed to become district seats.
Peprilus simillimus
Peprilus simillimus, also known as the Pacific Butterfish, Californian Pompano, or Pacific Pompano,  is a silvery ray-finned fish in the family Stromateidae (butterfishes) of the order Scombriformes. It is not closely related to true pompanos, in the Carangidae family, however is closely related to the Pomfrets.

Pomfret
Pomfrets are scombriform fish belonging to the family Bramidae. The family currently includes 20 species across seven genera. Several species are important food sources for humans, especially Brama brama in South Asia.  The earlier form of the pomfret's name was "pamflet", a word which probably ultimately comes from Portuguese pampo, referring to various fish such as the blue butterfish (Stromateus fiatola). The fish meat is white in color.
All-American Basketball Alliance (2010)
The All-American Basketball Alliance (AABA) was announced on January 19, 2010 by Don "Moose" Lewis as an all-white basketball league, with players reportedly required to be "natural-born United States citizens", and whose parents must both be "of the Caucasian race".  The initial roster of the league was intended to include teams from twelve cities in the southern U.S. Lewis, who was interviewed by Scott Michaux of the Augusta Chronicle, said that one of the objectives of the AABA was restoring "court sanity" to the game of basketball.

The Augusta Chronicle
The Augusta Chronicle is the daily newspaper of Augusta, Georgia, and is one of the oldest newspapers in the United States still in publication. The paper is known for its coverage of the Masters Tournament, which is played in Augusta.
Unisetosphaeria
Unisetosphaeria is a fungal genus in the family Trichosphaeriaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Unisetosphaeria penguinoides, found on dead petioles and rhachides of the palms Eleiodoxa conferta and Nenga pumila in Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, southern Thailand.

Eleiodoxa
Eleiodoxa is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in Southeast Asia.  The only species, Eleiodoxa conferta, is a dioecious, swamp-dwelling plant, commonly called by Malay as asam kelubi or asam paya.  While five species names have been published, the other four are usually recognized as synonyms of the lectotype E. conferta.  The genus is named from two Greek words meaning "water" and "glory" and the species name is Latin for "congested", an allusion to the flower spike.
Constantinos Stathelakos
Constantinos Stathelakos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Σταθελάκος, Konstandinos Stathelakos; 30 December 1987 – 1 February 2024) was a Cypriot track and field athlete who competed in the hammer throw. He was born in Lamia, Greece and transferred his international eligibility to Cyprus after 2009. He competed in the hammer throw at the 2012 Summer Olympics for Cyprus.

Stathelakos died in a road traffic collision in South Africa, on 1 February 2024, at the age of 36.

Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom was held at the Olympic Stadium on 3–5 August. There were 41 competitors from 32 nations. The event was won by Krisztián Pars of Hungary, the nation's first victory in the men's hammer throw since 1996 and fifth overall (third-most all-time behind the United States' seven and the Soviet Union's six). Primož Kozmus of Slovenia, the 2008 winner, took silver. Koji Murofushi of Japan, the 2004 winner, took bronze. Kozmus and Murofoshi were the 12th and 13th men to earn multiple medals in the hammer throw.
Ada Coleman
Ada Coleman (1875–1966) was head bartender at the Savoy Hotel in London for 23 years, the only woman to have held that position. While working at the Savoy, she invented the "hanky panky", a distinctive variation on the sweet martini cocktail.

Martini (cocktail)
The martini is a cocktail made with gin and vermouth and garnished with an olive, a lemon twist, or both. Over the years, the martini has become one of the best-known mixed alcoholic beverages. A common variation, the vodka martini, uses vodka instead of gin for the cocktail's base spirit.
Heidi Abel
Heidi Abel (21 February 1929 – 23 December 1986) was a popular Swiss television presenter.

After attending the Basel School for Applied Art, she worked as a model and as a radio host with the Basel station Radibus. In 1954, she joined Swiss television, initially as a news presenter, and then as the host of a great number of educational and entertainment shows. She also hosted talk shows and musical programs for Swiss radio.

As the most popular TV personality in German-speaking Switzerland in the 1950s and 60s, she embodied the new medium of television for the Swiss public. She received multiple awards for her work, and a street near the Zürich headquarters of Swiss television is named for her.

Schweizer Radio DRS
Schweizer Radio: Radio der deutschen und rätoromanischen Schweiz (SR DRS; "Swiss Radio: Radio of the German and Romansh Switzerland") was a company of SRG SSR which operated the public German-language radio stations of Switzerland from 1931 until 2012.

On 1 January 2011, Schweizer Fernsehen (SF) and Schweizer Radio DRS began the process of merging the two entities into Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). On 16 December 2012, the merger was complete, with SF and SR DRS adopting the Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) name.
Carasmatic
Carasmatic is Irene Cara's third and final studio album (and fourth album overall when counting Esta es Irene in 1967) released in 1987. It was her only album for Elektra Records. The album was mostly produced by George Duke. Many popular musicians also contributed to this album such as Luther Vandross, Lynn Davis, James Ingram, Patrice Rushen, Kenny Loggins, Bonnie Raitt, Carole King, John Farrar  and Michael Bolton.

The album was not as successful as What a Feelin', and did not chart on the Billboard 200, as the lead single "Girlfriends" failed to chart in the Hot 100 and received mixed reviews.

Danny Sembello
Daniel Bud Sembello (January 15, 1963 – August 15, 2015) was an American songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist.

He produced recordings by artists including George Benson and Pebbles, and he had his compositions recorded by Chaka Khan, Jeffrey Osborne, Patti LaBelle (the hit single "Stir It Up"), Irene Cara, René & Angela, and The Pointer Sisters (the hit single "Neutron Dance").  In 1986, he won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, for his contributions to the Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack.  He was the brother of Michael Sembello.

Danny Sembello drowned in the Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, on August 15, 2015.  He was first reported missing after he went for a swim during a music festival in Manayunk.
ExtendedancEPlay
Extendedance Play is a studio 12″ EP by British rock band Dire Straits, released on 14 January 1983 by Vertigo Records internationally, and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States. The record contains three tracks on the international version and four on the U.S. version, which also included the song "Badges, Posters, Stickers, T-Shirts," an outtake from the Love over Gold sessions that had been released in other territories as the b-side to "Private Investigations".

The EP consists of upbeat tracks with a rock and roll, jazz and swing feel. It is the first release by the band to feature drummer Terry Williams, who filled the spot after drummer Pick Withers left the group in 1982.

This EP has never been released on compact disc except for a very rare CD-Video. However, "Twisting by the Pool" appears on the compilations Money for Nothing and Sultans of Swing: The Very Best of Dire Straits, and a live version of "Two Young Lovers" is featured on Alchemy: Dire Straits Live.

Swing music
Swing music is a style of jazz that developed in the United States during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It became nationally popular from the mid-1930s. Swing represents the most famous era of jazz as a genre of entertainment, before the emergence of modern jazz. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Fletcher Henderson and Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, known as the swing era, when people were dancing the Lindy Hop. The verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Big band leaders of the swing era include Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Cab Calloway, Benny Carter, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Bunny Berigan, Harry James, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, and Artie Shaw.
Shirley Mills
Shirley Olivia Mills (April 8, 1926 – March 31, 2010) was an American actress. She played the roles of the youngest daughter in The Grapes of Wrath and the title character in Child Bride. In the latter, she is shown nude in a nude swimming scene, filmed when she was about 12 years old, which became the basis for Child Bride being classified for many years as an exploitation film.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Thehrian
Thehrian is a village in Muzaffarabad District, Kashmir. It is twenty five kilometers far from Muzaffarabad, the capital of Azad Kashmir. There is one high school for girls and boys. The village's main crops are wheat and maize.

Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad is a city in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the largest city and the capital of Azad Kashmir, which is a Pakistani-administered administrative territory.

The city is located in Muzaffarabad District, near the confluence of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. The district is bounded by the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, the Kupwara and Baramulla districts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the east, and the Neelum District in the north.
Rhabdocline laricis
Rhabdocline laricis, also known as Meria laricis, is a hyphomycete fungus in the family Cenangiaceae.  In larch conifer trees (Larix), it causes the plant disease larch needle cast, also known as meria needle blight.  It is generally harmless in older trees.  However, it causes browning of needles, which can slow growth, weaken overall resistance to opportunistic pathogens, and can sometimes outright kill seedlings, making Rhabdocline laricis a threat in tree nurseries.

The fungus is sometimes confused with the similar Hypodermella laricis, which causes larch needle blight.  Both fungi can infest the same larch for a more virulent effect.

Larch
Larches are deciduous conifers in the genus Larix, of the family Pinaceae. Growing to as much as 60 m (195 ft) tall, they are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They grow in lowland forests in the far north, and high in mountains further south. Larches are among the dominant plants in the boreal forests of Siberia and Canada, making them the most abundant genus of trees on earth. Larch wood is tough and relatively durable; it is used in boatbuilding, cladding, decking, garden furniture, fencing, and construction. Products extracted from larch include arabinogalactan, rosin, turpentine, and an essential oil.
Paul Altidor
Paul Getty Altidor is the former ambassador from Haiti to the United States. He served from 2012 until 2019. He was succeeded by Hervé Denis. He subsequently worked as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Altidor graduated from Boston College and MIT. He was Vice-President of the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund and worked in Washington D. C. at the International Finance Corporation, a private sector affiliate of the World Bank Group.

He attended Barack Obama's inauguration as U.S. president in January 2013. He appeared on PBS responding to comments made by U.S. President Donald Trump about Haitian immigrants. He said his father had worked as a taxi driver in Boston.

International Finance Corporation
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., and a member of the World Bank Group. Established in 1956 as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, the IFC provides investment, advisory, and asset-management services to support private-sector development in developing countries. Its goal is to help people achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprises.