hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A1689-zD1
A1689-zD1 is a galaxy in the Virgo constellation. It was a candidate for the most distant and therefore earliest-observed galaxy discovered as of February 2008, based on a photometric redshift.

If its redshift of z = ~7.6 is correct, it would explain why the galaxy's faint light reaches us at infrared wavelengths. It could only be observed with Hubble Space Telescope's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) and the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Array Camera exploiting the natural phenomenon of gravitational lensing: the galaxy cluster Abell 1689, which lies between Earth and A1689-zD1, at a distance of 2.2 billion light-years from us, functions as a natural "magnifying glass" for the light from the far more distant galaxy which lies directly behind it, at 700 million years after the Big Bang, as seen from Earth.

Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, with typical masses ranging from 1014 to 1015 solar masses. Clusters consist of galaxies, heated gas, and dark matter. They are the biggest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe. They were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as galaxy groups rather than clusters of galaxies. Together, galaxy groups and clusters form superclusters.
Carroll Thayer Berry
Carroll Thayer Berry (September 4, 1886 – January 20, 1978) was an American artist who grew up in Maine, and whose work is often said to be emblematic of New England, especially the seacoast. In addition, he was one of the first U.S. artists to be assigned to camouflage in World War I.

Jay Hambidge
Jay Hambidge (1867–1924) was an American artist who formulated the theory of "dynamic symmetry", a system defining compositional rules, which was adopted by several notable American and Canadian artists in the early 20th century.
2016 Chattanooga school bus crash
35°01′27″N 85°14′05″W﻿ / ﻿35.02417°N 85.23472°W﻿ / 35.02417; -85.23472

On the afternoon of November 21, 2016, a school bus in Chattanooga, Tennessee rolled over onto its passenger side and became wrapped around a tree. There were six fatalities and 23 injuries.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Noncommutative torus
In mathematics, and more specifically in the theory of C*-algebras, the noncommutative tori Aθ, also known as irrational rotation algebras for irrational values of θ, form a family of noncommutative C*-algebras which generalize the algebra of continuous functions on the 2-torus. Many topological and geometric properties of the classical 2-torus have algebraic analogues for the noncommutative tori, and as such they are fundamental examples of a noncommutative space in the sense of Alain Connes.

Alain Connes
Alain Connes (French: [alɛ̃ kɔn]; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He was a professor at the Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
Elsie Driggs
Elsie Driggs (1898 – July 12, 1992 in New York City) was an American painter known for her contributions to Precisionism, America's one indigenous modern-art movement before Abstract Expressionism, and for her later floral and figurative watercolors, pastels, and oils. She was the only female participant in the Precisionist movement, which in the 1920s and 1930s took a Cubist-inspired approach to painting the skyscrapers and factories that had come to define the new American landscape.  Her works are in the collection of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Houston Museum of the Fine Arts, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the James A. Michener Art Museum in Pennsylvania, and the Columbus Museum of Art, among others.  She was married to the American abstract artist Lee Gatch.

James A. Michener Art Museum
The Michener Art Museum is a private, non-profit museum that is located in Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1988, it was named for the Pulitzer Prize–winning writer James A. Michener, a Doylestown resident.

Situated within the old stone walls of an historic nineteenth-century prison, it houses a collection of Bucks County visual arts, along with holdings of nineteenth- and twentieth-century American art, and is noted for its Pennsylvania Impressionism collection and an art colony centered in nearby New Hope during the early 20th century, as well as its changing exhibitions, ranging from international touring shows to regionally focused exhibitions.
Langnau
There are several municipalities and communities have the name Langnau in Switzerland:

Langnau am Albis, in the canton of Zürich
Langnau-Gattikon railway station in Langnau am Albis

Langnau bei Reiden, in the canton of Lucerne

Langnau im Emmental, in the canton of Bern
Langnau i.E. railway station in Langnau im Emmental

Langnau bei Märwil, in Affeltrangen municipality, canton of Thurgau

Langnau-Gattikon railway station
Langnau-Gattikon is a railway station in the Sihl Valley, and the municipality of Langnau am Albis, in the Swiss Canton of Zurich. Gattikon is an adjacent settlement, part of the municipality of Thalwil. The station is on the Sihltal line, which is operated by the Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn (SZU).
Patric (footballer, born 1989)
Patric Cabral Lalau (born 25 March 1989), simply known as Patric, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a right-back for Amazonas.

As an international for the Brazil under-20 team, he was often compared to fellow countryman Maicon.

2009 South American U-20 Championship
The 2009 South American Youth Championship (Sudamericano sub-20) was a football competition for national teams U-20 who are associated with the football federation CONMEBOL. It was the 24th time the tournament was held and took place in Venezuela from 19 January to 8 February. It also served as qualification for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Brazil won the tournament, becoming champions for the tenth time.

The tournament was initially hosted in Peru, however following FIFA sanctions over Peruvian Government's investigation of the FPF's corruption, it was moved to Venezuela.
And Then You Pray for Me
And Then You Pray for Me is the fifth studio album by American rapper Westside Gunn, released on October 13, 2023, by Griselda Records and Empire. The album is a sequel to Gunn's 2020 album Pray for Paris. With guest appearances from AA Rashid, JID, Conway The Machine, Cartier A Williams, Benny the Butcher, DJ Drama, Stove God Cooks, Rick Ross, Estee Nack, Trap-A-Holics, Giggs, Ty Dolla Sign, Keisha Plum, Denzel Curry, Boldy James, EST Gee, Jeezy, DJ Swamp Izzo, DJ Holiday, Peezy, Rome Streetz, and KayCyy, the album features a shift in sound from Gunn's signature boom bap style, incorporating trap elements reminiscent of the late 2000s and 2010s. The album debuted at number 29 on the Billboard 200, making it Gunn's highest commercial debut on the chart.

Griselda Records
Griselda Records (also Griselda x Fashion Rebels; GXFR) is an American independent Hip-hop record label based in Buffalo, New York. It was founded by rapper Westside Gunn, his brother Conway the Machine, and Mach-Hommy in 2012. In addition to the founding members, Benny the Butcher and in-house producer Daringer make up the flagship artists of the Griselda Records roster.

The name Griselda comes from drug lord Griselda Blanco. "Griselda" also refers to a loose-knit hip-hop collective composed of the core signees of the label, amongst others. The collective's de facto leader is the label's founder Westside Gunn. To date, Griselda has two releases as a collective: the extended play Don't Get Scared Now in 2016 and debut album WWCD in 2019.
Spread (intuitionism)
In intuitionistic mathematics, a spread is a particular kind of species of infinite sequences defined via finite decidable properties. Here a species is a collection, a notion similar to a classical set in that a species is determined by its members.

Bitstream
A bitstream (or bit stream), also known as binary sequence, is a sequence of bits.

A bytestream is a sequence of bytes.  Typically, each byte is an 8-bit quantity, and so the term octet stream is sometimes used interchangeably. An octet may be encoded as a sequence of 8 bits in multiple different ways (see bit numbering) so there is no unique and direct translation between bytestreams and bitstreams.

Bitstreams and bytestreams are used extensively in telecommunications and computing. For example, synchronous bitstreams are carried by SONET, and Transmission Control Protocol transports an asynchronous bytestream.
Yogyakarta Kraton Guards
The Yogyakarta Kraton Guards are the contingents of soldiers, known as the Bregada, tasked with the guarding of Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the official residence of the Sultans of Yogyakarta. They serve ceremonial and security functions. By tradition, the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta serves as Colonel-in-chief of the Guards.

Colonel-in-chief
Colonel-in-chief is a ceremonial position in an army regiment. It is in common use in several Commonwealth armies, where it is held by the regiment's patron, usually a member of the royal family.

Some armed forces take a light-hearted approach to the position, appointing animals or characters as colonel-in-chief. The Norwegian Army, for example, appointed a king penguin named Sir Nils Olav as a colonel-in-chief.
William Wilson Hudson
William Wilson Hudson (1808-June 14, 1859) was an American educator and third President of the University of Missouri.

He was born in Orange County, Virginia in 1808 and graduated from Yale University with an A.B. in 1827 and an A.M. in 1830.  He was a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at the University of Alabama before moving to Columbia, Missouri in 1838.  After teaching at the University of Missouri for some years, he was elected president of the university in 1856 and served until his death in 1859.  He is buried in Columbia at the Columbia Cemetery.

Hudson Hall on the University of Missouri campus is named in honor of him.

Orange County, Virginia
Orange County is a county located in the central Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,254. Its county seat is Orange. Orange County includes Montpelier, the 2,700-acre (1,100 ha) estate of James Madison, the 4th president of the United States and often known as the "father of the Constitution". The county celebrated its 290th anniversary in 2024.
Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid
Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid (BDDA), as the (Z)-isomer ((Z)-BDDA), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen related to doisynolic acid that was never marketed. It is one of the most potent estrogens known, although it has more recently been characterized as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). BDDA and other doisynolic acid derivatives display relatively low affinity accompanied by disproportionately high estrogenic potency in vivo, which was eventually determined to be due to transformation into metabolites with greater estrogenic activity. The drug was discovered in 1947 as a degradation product of the reaction of equilenin or dihydroequilenin with potassium hydroxide. It is the seco-analogue of equilenin, while doisynolic acid is the seco-analogue of estrone. These compounds, along with diethylstilbestrol, can be considered to be open-ring analogues of estradiol. The methyl ether of BDDA, doisynoestrol, is also an estrogen, and in contrast to BDDA, has been marketed.

Ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group, a single oxygen atom bonded to two separate carbon atoms, each part of an organyl group (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′, where R and R′ represent the organyl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the organyl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen atom, then it is a simple or symmetrical ether, whereas if they are different, the ethers are called mixed or unsymmetrical ethers. A typical example of the first group is the solvent and anaesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3). Ethers are common in organic chemistry and even more prevalent in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
Odrowąż, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Odrowąż [ɔˈdrɔvɔ̃ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarny Dunajec, within Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

In the summer of 1940, the German SS stormed the village and evicted the majority of the people in the village.

Nowy Targ County
Nowy Targ County (Polish: powiat nowotarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nowy Targ, which lies 67 kilometres (42 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Rabka-Zdrój, lying 18 km (11 mi) north of Nowy Targ, and Szczawnica, 35 km (22 mi) east of Nowy Targ.

The county covers an area of 1,474.66 square kilometres (569.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 181,878, out of which the population of Nowy Targ is 33,493, that of Rabka-Zdrój is 13,031, that of Szczawnica is 7,334, and the rural population is 128,020.
Clinical nutrition
Clinical nutrition centers on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional changes in patients linked to chronic diseases and conditions primarily in health care. Clinical in this sense refers to the management of patients, including not only outpatients at clinics and in private practice, but also inpatients in hospitals. It incorporates primarily the scientific fields of nutrition and dietetics. Furthermore, clinical nutrition aims to maintain a healthy energy balance, while also providing sufficient amounts of nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals to patients.

Clinic
A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.
Sarah Siddons with the Emblems of Tragedy
Sarah Siddons with the Emblems of Tragedy is an oil on canvas portrait painting by the British artist William Beechey, from 1793. It portrays Sarah Siddons, the leading stage actress of the era, better known for her roles in tragedy. She is shown holding a mask and a dagger, two symbols of tragedy, while looking at the viewer. The painting may allude to one of her best-known roles, as Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth.

Beechey displayed the work at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1794. Today the painting is part of the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, in London, having been acquired in 1977
Beechey also produced a Portrait of John Philip Kemble in 1799 featuring her brother, now in the Dulwich Picture Gallery.

Mask
A mask is an object normally worn on the face, typically for protection, disguise, performance, or entertainment, and often employed for rituals and rites. Masks have been used since antiquity for both ceremonial and practical purposes, as well as in the performing arts and for entertainment. They are usually worn on the face, though they may also be positioned elsewhere on the wearer's body for effect.

In art history, especially sculpture, "mask" is the term for a face without a body that is not modelled in the round (which would make it a "head"), but, for example, appears in low relief.
Saint Leo Lions
The Saint Leo Lions are the athletic teams that represent Saint Leo University, located in St. Leo, Florida, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Lions have primarily competed in the Sunshine State Conference since its founding in the 1975–76 academic year.

St. Leo, Florida
St. Leo or Saint Leo is a town in Pasco County, Florida, United States.  The town is a suburb included in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is more commonly known as the Tampa Bay area. It is best known as the home of Saint Leo University, Holy Name Monastery and Saint Leo Abbey. The population was 2,362 at the 2020 census. Vincent "Mike" D'Ambrosio currently serves as the commission-elected mayor of the town, elected in 2022.
And Then There Was Light
Et la lumière fut (internationally released as And Then There Was Light) is a 1989 French drama film written and directed by Otar Iosseliani.

The film entered the competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival, where it received the Special Jury Prize.

Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)
The Special Jury Prize is an official award given at the Venice Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition slate since 2013. It is considered the third most prestigious prize at the festival, the runner-up to both the main award Golden Lion and the second place award Grand Jury Prize.

Philip Gröning was the first winner for The Police Officer's Wife in 2013.
221st Coastal Division (Italy)
The 221st Coastal Division (Italian: 221ª Divisione Costiera) was an infantry division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. Royal Italian Army coastal divisions were second line divisions formed with reservists and equipped with second rate materiel. They were often commanded by officers called out of retirement.

Materiel
Materiel or matériel (/məˌtɪəriˈɛl/; from French  matériel 'equipment, hardware') is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.
Fighter World
Fighter World is an Australian not-for-profit aviation heritage centre at RAAF Base Williamtown, north of Newcastle, New South Wales. It is part of RAAF Aviation and Heritage and is operated with the purpose of preserving the history of fighter operations of the RAAF. The museum's collection are predominantly fighter aircraft once operated by the RAAF. Included in the collection are historically significant aircraft including de Havilland Vampire A79-1 and Dassault Mirage IIIO A3-3, both of which were the first aircraft of their type built in Australia.

Staff include paid employees, RAAF reservists and a team of approximately 50 volunteers, most of whom have previous RAAF experience.

CAC Sabre
The CAC Sabre, sometimes known as the Avon Sabre or CA-27, is an Australian variant of the North American Aviation F-86F Sabre fighter aircraft. The F-86F was redesigned and built by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation (CAC). Equipping five Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) squadrons, the type saw action in the Malayan Emergency in the late 1950s and was employed for air defence in Malaysia and Thailand in the 1960s. Ex-RAAF models also saw service with the Royal Malaysian Air Force and the Indonesian Air Force.
Kinoshita Rigen
Kinoshita Rigen (木下 利玄, January 1, 1886 – February 15, 1925) was the pen-name of Japanese author Viscount Kinoshita Toshiharu, noted for his tanka poetry, active in Meiji period and Taishō period Japan.

Literary magazine
A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense. Literary magazines usually publish a mix of fiction and non-fiction. Short stories and poetry are common literary forms published, but some magazines may publish serial literature—a novel which is revealed in sections over multiple issues. Non-fiction writing may be from staff of the literary magazine to make commentary about their magazine or about culture related to literature. Non-fiction from contributors may take the form of essays, literary criticism, book reviews, biographical profiles of authors, interviews, and letters. Literary magazines are often called literary journals (or little magazines) to contrast them with larger, commercial magazines.
2017 British Columbia Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2017 British Columbia Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship of British Columbia, was held from January 17 to 22 at Duncan Curling Club in Duncan, British Columbia. The winning Marla Mallett team represented British Columbia at the 2017 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in St. Catharines, Ontario.

Walnut Grove's Marla Mallett defeated her former teammate in Diane Gushulak in the final. Gushulak was a member of the Mallett link the last time Mallett won the provincial championship, in 2009. The Mallett team included Shannon Aleksic from Abbotsford and sisters Brette Richards and Blaine de Jager who are originally from Prince George.

The event was considered a "huge success" by the organizing committee, and was the most important event ever to be held at the Duncan Curling Club.

Prince George, British Columbia
Prince George is a city in British Columbia, Canada, situated at the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako rivers. The city itself has a population of 76,708; the metro census agglomeration has a population of 89,490. It is often called the province's "northern capital" because it serves as a centre for higher education, health care, government services, arts and entertainment, sports, and support for major industries such as forest products and mining.
Madonna and Child Enthroned with John the Baptist and Mary Magdalene
Madonna and Child Enthroned with John the Baptist and Mary Magdalene is a 1511–1513 oil on panel painting by Cima da Conegliano. Originally in the monastery church of San Domenico in Parma, it was seized by the French occupiers in 1811 and taken to Paris, remaining there after the Congress of Vienna and still in the collections of the Louvre.

Cima da Conegliano
Giovanni Battista Cima, also called Cima da Conegliano (c. 1459 – c. 1517), was an Italian Renaissance painter, who mostly worked in Venice.  He can be considered part of the Venetian school, though he was also influenced by Antonello da Messina, in the emphasis he gives to landscape backgrounds and the tranquil atmosphere of his works.

Once formed his style did not change greatly. He mostly painted religious subjects, often on a small scale for homes rather than churches, but also a few, mostly small, mythological ones. He often repeated popular subjects in different versions with slight variations, including his Madonnas and Saint Jerome in a Landscape. His paintings of the Madonna and Child include several variations of a composition that have a standing infant Jesus, which in turn are repeated several times.