hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cypripedium formosanum
The Formosan lady's slipper or beautiful cypripedium, Cypripedium formosanum, is a species of orchid endemic to Taiwan.

This species is restricted to the central mountains of Taiwan, where it grows in several types of habitat in mountain forests and bogs. It is associated with species of ferns, Epimedium, Trillium, and Podophyllum, and Diphylleia grayi. It is also cultivated, being attractive and easy to grow and propagate. This is especially true of in vitro efforts as researchers have been able to calculate an ideal Germination rate, 90 days after planting (DAP), which can help address the population decline issues within this species. Furthermore, the IUCN Red List suggests specific conservation actions for this species in order to reduce the harms they face such as climate change and human disturbance to their natural habitat.

Epimedium
Epimedium, also known as barrenwort, bishop's hat, fairy wings, horny goat weed, or yin yang huo (Chinese: 淫羊藿; pinyin: Yínyánghùo; Wade–Giles: Yin²-yang²-huo⁴), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Berberidaceae. The majority of the species are endemic to China, with smaller numbers elsewhere in Asia and a few in the Mediterranean region.

Epimedium species are deciduous or evergreen hardy perennials. The majority have four-parted "spider-like" flowers in spring.

The species used as a dietary supplement is Epimedium grandiflorum. It contains icariin, which is a weak PDE5 inhibitor, in vitro. Its clinical effects are unknown. While there is little clinical evidence to date, as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil–sold under the brand names Viagra, Levitra and Cialis–are all based on (stronger) PDE5 inhibitory action, it is thought to have erectogenic properties and is found in some men's sexual health supplements.
Oswald Knauth
Oswald Whitman Knauth (1887–1962) was an economist and business executive. Knauth served as an executive at both R. H. Macy & Co. (Now Macy's) and Associated Dry Goods Corporation (now part of Macy's). He helped found the National Bureau of Economic Research. Knauth also served as president of the board of directors of the American Economic Association and as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

American Economic Association
The American Economic Association (AEA) is a learned society in the field of economics, with approximately 23,000 members. It publishes several peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Review, and the Journal of Economic Perspectives.
Saturn INT-20
The Saturn INT-20 was a proposed intermediate-payload follow-on from the Apollo Saturn V launch vehicle. A conical-form interstage would be fitted on top of the S-IC stage to support the S-IVB stage, so it could be considered either a retrofitted Saturn IB with a more powerful first stage, or a stubby, cut-down Saturn V without the S-II second stage.

Three variants were studied, one with three F-1 engines in the first stage, one with four, and one with five.

Rocketdyne F-1
The F-1 is a rocket engine developed by Rocketdyne. The engine uses a gas-generator cycle developed in the United States in the late 1950s and was used in the Saturn V rocket in the 1960s and early 1970s.  Five F-1 engines were used in the S-IC first stage of each Saturn V, which served as the main launch vehicle of the Apollo program. The F-1 remains the most powerful single combustion chamber liquid-propellant rocket engine ever developed.
Ohio Valley Emmy Awards
The Ohio Valley Emmy Awards are a division of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. The Columbus, Ohio division was founded in 1964. In addition to granting the Ohio Valley Emmy Awards, this division awards scholarships, honors industry veterans at the Silver Circle Celebration, conducts National Student Television Awards of Excellence, has a free research and a nationwide job bank. The chapter also participates in judging Emmy entries at the regional and national levels.

National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), also known as the National Television Academy until 2007, is an American professional service organization founded in 1955 for "the advancement of the arts and sciences of television and the promotion of creative leadership for artistic, educational and technical achievements within the television industry". Headquartered in New York City, NATAS membership is national and the organization has local chapters around the country. NATAS distributes several groups of Emmy Awards, including Daytime, Sports, News and Documentary, and Children's and Family Emmys. NATAS is a sister organization to the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the other two bodies that present Emmy Awards to other sectors of television programming.
Marvin G. Goldman
Marvin G. Goldman (born June 1, 1939) is a New York City-based lawyer, aviation historian, and the world's largest collector of memorabilia related to El Al, Israel's flag carrier airline.

Goldman is the author of two books on the subject:

El Al: Star in the Sky (1990) ISBN 978-0962673009

El Al: Israel's Flying Star (2009)

Souvenir
A souvenir (French for 'a remembrance or memory'), memento, keepsake, or token of remembrance is an object a person acquires for the memories the owner associates with it. A souvenir can be any object that can be collected or purchased and transported home by the traveler as a memento of a visit. The object itself may have intrinsic value, or be a symbol of experience. Without the owner's input, the symbolic meaning is lost and cannot be articulated.
Extensible Data Format
The Extensible Data Format (XDF) is an XML standard (specified as a DTD) developed by NASA, meant to be used throughout scientific disciplines. In many ways it is akin to XSIL, Extensible Scientific Interchange Language. NASA provides two XDF APIs, in Perl and in Java.

XDF is used to store high-dimensional data and information related to it in compact XML format. The purpose is to have interchangeable and high quality format that can be used as a main archive format for this kind of data.

The XDF project and related development have been halted (2002,2006). The existing information have been archived to the UMD Astronomy Information and Knowledge Group site as a reference.

Document type definition
A document type definition (DTD) is a specification file that contains a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language (GML, SGML, XML, HTML). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents.

A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of validated elements and attributes. A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference.

A namespace-aware version of DTDs is being developed as Part 9 of ISO DSDL. DTDs persist in applications that need special publishing characters, such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References, which derive from larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort. XML uses a subset of SGML DTD.

As of 2009, newer XML namespace-aware schema languages (such as W3C XML Schema and ISO RELAX NG) have largely superseded DTDs as a better way to validate XML structure.
2018 U.S. Soccer Spring Men's College Program
The 2018 U.S. Soccer Spring Men's College Program was the inaugural edition of the U.S. Soccer Spring Men's College Program, a spring season competition run by the United States Soccer Federation in which American college soccer teams use IFAB rules instead of NCAA rules. The season began on March 7, 2018, and ran until April 21, 2018. The last round of matches were hosted by Wake Forest University.

Six universities participated in the program: Clemson, Duke, Georgetown, North Carolina, Virginia, and Wake Forest. Of these six programs, five are from the Atlantic Coast Conference, and all are located in the Southeastern United States or Mid-Atlantic regions.

U.S. Soccer Spring Men's College Program
U.S. Soccer Spring Men's College Program is a mini soccer season operated by the United States Soccer Federation that is open to NCAA Division I men's college soccer teams. The season runs from late February to mid-April. The purpose of the season is to provide a competitive environment for collegiate soccer players between the NCAA season in the fall and the USL League Two, National Premier Soccer League and United Premier Soccer Leagueseasons in the summer.

The first version of the program was held in 2018 with six institutions participating in a five-match season. The season saw the college teams use IFAB rules instead of NCAA rules for soccer.
Ryder Dodd
Ryder Dodd (born 19 January 2006) is an American water polo player. He represented United States at the 2024 Summer Olympics. He is a student-athlete at UCLA, an attacker on the men's water polo team. On June 7, 2025, he was awarded the Peter J. Cutino Award as the best men's collegiate water polo player of the year for the 2024 season.

Dodd was born in Long Beach, California and attended Junípero Serra High School.

In 2024 and 2025, Dodd was named the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF) Player of the Year. His UCLA team won the NCAA men's water polo championship in 2024.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
Baizi quanshu
Baizi quanshu (simplified Chinese: 百子全书; traditional Chinese: 百子全書; pinyin: Bǎizi quánshū) or Zishu baijia (simplified Chinese: 子书百家; traditional Chinese: 子書百家; pinyin: Zǐshū bǎijiā), a collection of the philosophical works of the so-called Hundred Schools of Thought, is a congshu compilation published by the Chongwen shuju (Chinese: 崇文书局; "Chongwen Bookstore") in Hubei during the Qing dynasty.

Yuxiong
Yuxiong (Chinese: 鬻熊; pinyin: Yùxióng, reigned 11th century BC), also known as Yuzi or Master Yu (Chinese: 鬻子; pinyin: Yùzǐ), was an early ruler of the ancient Chinese state that was later known as Chu. He was an ally and teacher of King Wen of Zhou (reigned 1099–1050 BC), the first king of the Zhou dynasty. In the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips his name is written as Xuexiong (Chinese: 穴熊; pinyin: Xuéxióng).

Yuxiong's clan name was Mi (芈). His son and successor Xiong Li adopted the second character of his name – Xiong – as the royal lineage name of Chu, which is now the 72nd most common surname in China.
B(e) star
A B[e] star, frequently called a B[e]-type star, is a B-type star with distinctive forbidden neutral or low ionisation emission lines in its spectrum. The designation results from combining the spectral class B, the lowercase e denoting emission in the spectral classification system, and the surrounding square brackets signifying forbidden lines. These stars frequently also show strong hydrogen emission lines, but this feature is present in a variety of other stars and is not sufficient to classify a B[e] object. Other observational characteristics include optical linear polarization and often infrared radiation that is much stronger than in ordinary B-class stars, called infrared excess. As the B[e] nature is transient, B[e]-type stars might exhibit a normal B-type spectrum at times, and hitherto normal B-type stars may become B[e]-type stars.

Linear polarization
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation. The term linear polarization (French: polarisation rectiligne) was coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel in 1822. See polarization and plane of polarization for more information.

The orientation of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is defined by the direction of the electric field vector.  For example, if the electric field vector is vertical (alternately up and down as the wave travels) the radiation is said to be vertically polarized.
Jesse Evans Gang
The Jesse Evans Gang, also known as The Boys, was a gang of rustlers and robbers led by outlaw and gunman Jesse Evans, which lasted from 1876 until 1880. The gang was formed after Evans broke with the John Kinney Gang. After breaking away, he brought along with him Billy Morton, Frank Baker, Tom Hill, Dolly Graham, George Davis, Jim McDaniels, Buffalo Bill Spawn, Bob Martin, Manuel "Indian" Segovia and Nicholas Provencio.

Cochise County, Arizona
Cochise County (/koʊˈtʃiːs/ koh-CHEESS) is a county in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. It is named after Cochise, a Chiricahua Apache, who was a key war leader during the Apache Wars.

Its population was 125,447 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Bisbee and the most populous city is Sierra Vista.

Cochise County includes the Sierra Vista-Douglas, Arizona metropolitan statistical area. The county borders southwestern New Mexico and the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora.
Restless Books
Restless Books is an independent, non-profit publisher located in Amherst, Massachusetts.  It was founded in 2013 and was based in Brooklyn, New York until 2023. Restless publishes "international works of fiction, journalism, memoirs, travel writing, and illustrated books." The press published 15-20 titles a year, including authors Ruth Ozeki, Lana Bastašić, Yishai Sarid, Andrea Chapela, Tash Aw, Chris Abani, Gabriela Wiener, and Giacomo Sartori. It includes the Yonder imprint for younger readers.

Giacomo Sartori
Giacomo Sartori (born 1958) is an Italian author and agronomist. His day job as a soil scientist has attracted attention for its atypicality and influence on his work. Sartori, who began writing in his thirties, has since published seven novels and four collections of short stories. He is also an editor and columnist of the online literary magazine Nazione Indiana. I Am God, his first novel to be published in English, was translated in 2019 by Frederika Randall and received positive reviews.
Richard Frackowiak
Richard Stanislaus Joseph Frackowiak, born 26 March 1950 in London, is a British and French neurologist and neuroscientist. He is best known for his role in the development of neuroimaging, as the founding director of the Functional Imaging Laboratory (FIL) at University College London (UCL) and as one of the initiators, in 2013, of the Human Brain Project (HBP), a ten-year European project coordinated by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) with the goal of advancing knowledge in the fields of neuroscience, computing and brain-related medicine.

Neuroscientist
A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist specializing in neuroscience that deals with the anatomy and function of neurons, neural circuits, and glia, and their behavioral, biological, and psychological roles in health and disease.

Neuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists design and conduct scientific experiments on the nervous system and its functions. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to expand current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder.

Neuroscientists have numerous career opportunities outside of academic research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. A neuroscientist commonly holds a doctorate in a medical science.
Frankston
Frankston can refer to:

Frankston, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia
Frankston City, a local government area in the same city
Electoral district of Frankston, an electoral district in Victoria, Australia
Frankston railway station
Frankston Power Centre

Frankston, Texas, a small town in eastern Texas

Bob Frankston, co-creator of the first spreadsheet program, VisiCalc

City of Frankston
The City of Frankston (officially known as Frankston City Council) is a local government area (LGA) in Victoria, Australia in the southern suburbs of Melbourne. It has an area of 130 square kilometres, and in August 2021, the City of Frankston recorded a population of 139,281.

Despite its similar area and name, the City of Frankston is a different entity to the former City of Frankston which existed from 1966 until 1994, which was a continuation of the former Shire of Frankston and was abolished under state government reforms. This is similar to the situation for the Shire of South Gippsland and Shire of Glenelg, but is unlike the City of Melbourne, City of Knox, City of Whittlesea and City of Melton, whose administrations stayed intact through the amalgamations of the early 1990s.
Tenneco
Tenneco, Inc. (formerly Tenneco Automotive and originally Tennessee Gas Transmission Company) is an American automotive components original equipment manufacturer and an aftermarket ride control and emissions products manufacturer. It is a Fortune 500 company that was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since November 1999 until it was taken private in November 2022 by Apollo Global Management. Tenneco is headquartered in Northville Charter Township, Michigan.

Shock absorber
A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most shock absorbers are a form of dashpot (a damper which resists motion via viscous friction).
2012–2013 Iraqi protests
The 2012–2013 Iraqi protests started on 21 December 2012 following a raid on the home of Sunni Finance Minister Rafi al-Issawi and the arrest of 10 of his bodyguards. Beginning in Fallujah, the protests afterwards spread throughout Sunni Arab parts of Iraq. The protests centered on the issue of the alleged sectarianism of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Pro-Maliki protests also took place throughout central and southern Iraq, where there is a Shia Arab majority. In April 2013, sectarian violence escalated after the 2013 Hawija clashes. The protests continued throughout 2013, and in December Maliki used security forces to forcefully close down the main protest camp in Ramadi, leaving at least ten gunmen and three policemen dead in the process.

Samarra
Samarra (Arabic: سَامَرَّاء, Sāmarrāʾ) is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, 125 kilometers (78 mi) north of Baghdad. The modern city of Samarra was founded in 836 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim as a new administrative capital and military base. In 2003 the city had an estimated population of 348,700. During the Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008), Samarra was in the "Sunni Triangle" of resistance.

The archeological site of Samarra still retains much of the historic city's original plan, architecture and artistic relics. In 2007, UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site.
Fletcher's Cove
Fletcher's Cove (earlier and still colloquially, Fletcher's Boathouse) is a park and recreation area owned and managed by the National Park Service in The Palisades neighborhood of northwest Washington, D.C.

Located at 4940 Canal Road between the Chain and Key Bridges, it is part of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.

Fishing enthusiasts visit Fletcher's Cove for the spring run of shad, perch, and rockfish. Others come to boat on the Potomac River and bike, hike, and run the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and other trails along the river. Fletcher's rents rowboats, canoes, kayaks, bikes, and paddle boards.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
2002 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 2002 New Mexico gubernatorial election was a race for the Governor of New Mexico. The winner of the election held on November 5, 2002, served from January 1, 2003, until January 1, 2007. Incumbent Republican Gary Johnson was term limited. Former U.S. Congressman Bill Richardson won the election. Green Party nominee David Bacon received over 5% of the total vote, including over 11% in Santa Fe County, which was his best showing.

Governor of New Mexico
The governor of New Mexico (Spanish: gobernador de Nuevo México) is the head of government of New Mexico. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New Mexico's state government and the commander-in-chief of the New Mexico National Guard. As noted in the governor's seal, this gubernatorial office is a scion of the Spanish and Mexican governors of Nuevo México (1598) and the governors of the New Mexico Territory (1851). The officeholder is afforded the courtesy title of The Honorable for life. The current governor is Michelle Lujan Grisham, a Democrat, who was sworn in as the 32nd governor of New Mexico on January 1, 2019.
The White Ship (song)
"The White Ship" is a song released by the American psychedelic rock band, H. P. Lovecraft, in November 1967.  The songwriting is credited to band members George Edwards, Dave Michaels, and Tony Cavallari.  Acting as the opening song on the second side of their debut LP, H. P. Lovecraft, it was the album's longest track, and an edited version was also released as the band's second single.  The name and theme of the song derive directly from author H. P. Lovecraft's short story, "The White Ship". Despite its failure to chart nationally, it is widely considered to be H. P. Lovecraft's most accomplished piece, and helped establish the group, who were originally from Chicago, in the West Coast music scene.

Philips Records
Philips Records was a record label founded by Dutch electronics company Philips and in 1999 was absorbed into Dutch-American music corporation Universal Music Group. It was founded as Philips Phonographische Industrie in 1950. In 1946, Philips acquired the company which pressed records for British Decca's Dutch outlet in Amsterdam.
Manthan Award
The Manthan Award is an annual award for South Asia given in recognition of exceptional digital content creation. Nominations are accepted from the public and multiple awards are given in many categories. In 2011 The Hindu referred to the Manthan Award as "one of South Asia's biggest events in information and communications technology for development initiatives." The award is issued by the Digital Empowerment Foundation and was partly inspired by the World Summit Award. It was created on 10 October 2004 and originally restricted to India, but in 2008 was expanded to include other South Asian nations.

In some cases awards are given for content creation tools such as Azhagi, a component enabling text entry in Indic scripts.

Brahmic scripts
The Brahmic scripts, also known as Indic scripts, are a family of abugida writing systems. They are descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India and are used by various languages in several language families in South, East and Southeast Asia: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, and Tai. They were also the source of the dictionary order (gojūon) of Japanese kana.