hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Info Plus
Info Plus or Info+ is a Bosnian local commercial Cable television channel based in Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The program is mainly produced in Serbian and it is available in Bosanska Posavina area.

Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Градишка), formerly Bosanska Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Босанска Градишка) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 51,727, while the city of Gradiška has a population of 14,368.

It is located in eastern Krajina region, and the town is situated on the Lijevče plain, on the right bank of the Sava river across from Stara Gradiška, Croatia, and about 40 km (25 mi) north of Banja Luka.
1815 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1815.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
Varnelis
Varnelis is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antanas Varnelis (1971–1994), Lithuanian serial killer

Kazys Varnelis (artist) (1917–2010), Lithuanian abstract painter

Kazys Varnelis (historian) (born 1967), American historian

Kazys Varnelis (historian)
Kazys Varnelis (born 1967) is an American historian and theorist of architecture, specialising in network culture. He is Director of the Network Architecture Lab at Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation and a founding member of the conceptual architecture practice Architecture Urban Design Collaborative (AUDC).
Rencontre Formation
The Rencontre Formation (locally pronounced Rown-Counter) is a geological formation just below the Cambrian-Ediacaran boundary in Newfoundland, deposited in a fault-bounded enclosed basin.  U-Pb dates obtained just below its base give a maximum age of 552 ± 3 million years ago.

It is subdivided into five depositional phases, with two subsequent phases in a seven-phase series corresponding to the overlying Chapel Island Formation (900 m thick in this basin) and Random Formation (250 m thick in this basin).

Phase one - 300 m - conglomerate dominated, some sandstone and minor siltstones

Phase 2 - 150 m - sands and silts

Phase 3 - 180 m - silts and minor sands; lower silts are grey-green, glauconitic, wave-rippled and mud-cracked; upper silts becoming red

Phase 4 - 200 m - coarse sands

Phase 5 - greater than 200 m - arenites and red silts.

Uranium–lead dating
Uranium–lead dating, abbreviated U–Pb dating, is one of the oldest and most refined of the radiometric dating schemes. It can be used to date rocks that formed and crystallised from about 1 million years to over 4.5 billion years ago with routine precisions in the 0.1–1 percent range.

The method is usually applied to zircon. This mineral incorporates uranium and thorium atoms into its crystal structure, but strongly rejects lead when forming. As a result, newly-formed zircon crystals will contain no lead, meaning that any lead found in the mineral is radiogenic. Since the exact rate at which uranium decays into lead is known, the current ratio of lead to uranium in a sample of the mineral can be used to reliably determine its age.

The method relies on two separate decay chains, the uranium series from 238U to 206Pb, with a half-life of 4.47 billion years and the actinium series from 235U to 207Pb, with a half-life of 710 million years.
Joseph Williams (composer)
Joseph Williams (c. 1800–1834) was an English coal miner and composer of sacred music, known today as West gallery music. Very little is known about his life, other than he lived in Watery Lane, Tipton, Staffordshire. During his short lifetime he published a collection of his compositions, Sacred Music (Tipton: for the Author, c. 1830), containing 20 hymn tunes.

He met an unfortunate death in a mining-related accident on the Himley Road, Dudley, on 14 April 1834. He was walking along the road near to a mine pit, and an explosion taking place threw a large rock into the air which killed him instantly. The pit's owners, Messrs. Horton, were not penalised for the accident.

A second collection of his music, The Celestial Chorister (London: Joseph Hart, c. 1835), was published posthumously, as the title page states, to raise money for his widow and 6 children. The collection is unusual in that 12 of the hymns take their titles from the 12 signs of the Zodiac.

Dudley
Dudley (/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee, locally [ˈdʊdləi̯]) is a market town in the West Midlands, England, 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Wolverhampton and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Birmingham. Historically part of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 79,379. The wider Metropolitan Borough had a population of 312,900. In 2014, the borough council adopted a slogan describing Dudley as the capital of the Black Country, a title by which it had long been informally known.

Originally a market town, Dudley was one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution and grew into an industrial centre in the 19th century with its iron, coal, and limestone industries before their decline and the relocation of its commercial centre to the nearby Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the 1980s. Tourist attractions include Dudley Zoo and Castle, the 12th-century priory ruins, and the Black Country Living Museum.
Parwar, Pakistan
Parwar (Balochi, Urdu: پروار) is a town and union council situated in Mashkay Tehsil of Awaran District, in the southern part of Balochistan, Pakistan. Positioned at an elevation of approximately 957 metres (3,143 feet) above sea level, Parwar lies within the arid and rugged terrain of the Central Makran Range. The settlement functions as a local administrative unit and is part of a region characterised by sparse population, seasonal watercourses, and xerophytic vegetation.

Awaran District
Awaran District (Balochi and Urdu: ضلع آواران), is a district in the southern part of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is part of the Kalat division.

It was created as a separate district on 11 November 1992; previously it was a sub-division of Khuzdar District. It is considered one of the poorest districts in the province.

Awaran district is bordered by Gwadar to its south, Lasbela to its east, Kech and Panjgur to its west, Khuzdar to its north east and Washuk to its north west.
The Cat Inside
The Cat Inside is an autobiographical novella written by William S. Burroughs and illustrated by Brion Gysin. The book was first published by Grenfell Press in 1986 in an edition of only 133 copies; it was later reissued by Viking Press in 1992 in a mass market hardcover edition.

In the book Burroughs, a noted lover of cats, reminisces about the many cats in his life. Gysin, a frequent collaborator with Burroughs dating back to the early 1960s, died in 1986, making this possibly the last work he did with Burroughs. Gysin is also referenced by name in the text.

Burroughs reads excerpts from the novella, "Kill the Badger!" and "Warning to Young Couples", on the albums Dead City Radio (1990) and Spare Ass Annie and Other Tales (1993).

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Indiana dos Santos
Indiana Shae dos Santos (/dɒs ˈsæntɒs/ doss SAN-toss, European Portuguese: [ĩˈdjɐnɐ duʃ ˈsɐ̃tuʃ]; born 10 October 2007) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as an attacking midfielder for A-League Women club Sydney FC and for the Australia women's national under-20 team. She has been described as one of the best young talents in Australian women's soccer.

Dos Santos is the younger sister of Canberra United player Jynaya dos Santos.

Sydney FC (women)
Sydney Football Club, commonly known as Sydney FC, is an Australian professional women's soccer club based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. They compete in the A-League Women, the top tier of women's soccer in Australia, and are the most successful women's soccer club in Australia. They play their home matches at Jubilee Stadium and Leichhardt Oval, with select matches being played at Sydney Football Stadium.
P. M. L. Kalyanasundaram
Periannane Muthu Lakshmi Kalyanasundaram known as P. M. L. Kalyanasundaram (born 4 May 1957) is an Indian politician who is serving as the current member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Kalapet Constituency and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. since 2 May 2021. He previously served as the Transport Minister of U.T. of Puducherry in 2011.

Kalapet Assembly constituency
Kalapet is a legislative assembly constituency in the Union territory of Puducherry in India. Kalapet Assembly constituency covers the enclave of Kalapet and is a part of the Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency.
ASD Maccarese Calcio
ASD Maccarese Calcio was an Italian football club headquartered in Maccarese, a frazione of Fiumicino, itself part of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (formerly Province of Rome). The club was also known as S.S. Maccarese until renamed to A.S. Giada Maccarese in 2002. In 2013, the club, known as A.S.D. Maccarese Calcio at that time, was relocated and renamed as A.S.D. Trastevere Calcio. However, since 2013, several namesake were founded as phoenix clubs of Maccarese, by the former chairman Dante Papili.

Eccellenza Lazio
Eccellenza Lazio is the regional Eccellenza football division for clubs in Lazio, Italy. It is competed amongst 36 teams, in two different groups (A and B). The winners of the Groups are promoted to Serie D. The club who finishes second also have the chance to gain promotion, they are entered into a national play-off which consists of two rounds.
René Escudié
René Escudié (24 October 1941 – 12 August 2025) was a French writer.

His extensive list of works can be found at the Departmental Archives of Hérault. His publications included novels, theatrical pieces, television scripts, art critiques, and political works.

Escudié died in Aimargues on 12 August 2025, at the age of 83.

Aimargues
Aimargues (French pronunciation: [ɛmaʁɡ]) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. The town of Aimargues may have Roman origins and is situated beside the river Vidourle on the floodplain of the Rhône. Traditionally it has been an agricultural and wine-producing community but it now also has a number of new industries and employers who benefit from excellent road connections to the north of France as well as to Spain and Italy.
Manuela Zoccali
Manuela Zoccali is an Italian astronomer who works in Chile as a professor of astrophysics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in Santiago, and is the former director of the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics at the university. Her research concerns the metallicity of stars, particularly those in the galactic bulge of the Milky Way, and the implications of these observations for the evolution of both individual stars and the formation of the bulge. Her research has suggested the independent formation of stars in the bulge, rather than migration of stars from the galactic disk to its bulge.

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (UC Chile; Spanish: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) is a traditional private university based in Santiago, Chile. It is one of the thirteen Catholic universities existing in the Chilean university system and one of the two pontifical universities in the country, along with the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso. Founded in 1888, it is one of Chile's oldest universities. It is ranked among the top universities in Latin America (2nd in the region and 93rd in the world as per QS Ranking 2025).

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile has a strong and long-standing rivalry with the University of Chile, as they are both widely recognized as the most traditional and prestigious in the country, and one is Catholic and the other, secular. This rivalry also translates to sports, especially football.
Tryfon Alexiadis
Tryfon Alexiadis (Greek: Τρύφων Αλεξιάδης; born 1960) is a Greek politician and tax collector. He is currently an Alternate Minister of Finance in the second Tsipras cabinet, having succeeded Nadia Valavani on 17 July 2015, and served continuously during the first Tsipras cabinet and the Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou caretaker cabinet.

Tax collector
A tax collector (also called a taxman) is a person who collects unpaid taxes from other people or corporations on behalf of a government. The term could also be applied to those who audit tax returns or work for a revenue agency. Tax collectors are often portrayed negatively, and in the modern world share a similar stereotype to that of lawyers.
Georgi Danov
Georgi Danov (Bulgarian: Георги Данов) (born 17 October 1990) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a midfielder. His first club was Maritsa Plovdiv. Danov signed a 5-year deal with Loko Plovdiv in June 2008.

PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv (Bulgarian: ПФК Локомотив Пловдив), commonly known as Loko Plovdiv, is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Plovdiv. Lokomotiv's home ground is the Lokomotiv Stadium which is situated in Lauta Park and has a capacity of 14,500 spectators.

Founded on 25 July 1926, Lokomotiv is one of the most popular teams in Bulgaria and currently competes in the top-flight First Professional Football League, which they have won once (in 2004). Lokomotiv Plovdiv has won also 2 Bulgarian Cups, 2 Bulgarian Supercups and 1 Cup of the Soviet Army. The biggest success of the club in Europe is reaching the third round of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1965, after narrowly losing to the Italian Juventus in a play-off match.

Lokomotiv have a fierce local rivalry with fellow Plovdiv-based team Botev Plovdiv. Matches between the two sides are known as the Plovdiv derby.
Austrian cricket team in Belgium in 2021
The Austria cricket team toured Belgium in July 2021 to play three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches at the Royal Brussels Cricket Club in Waterloo. The series was originally due to be held in May 2021, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Belgium head coach Corey Rutgers resigned shortly before the series after a selection dispute resulted in ten of the players who toured Malta earlier in July either being dropped or later withdrawing from the squad to face Austria.

Belgium won the series 2–1.

Belgian cricket team in Malta in 2021
The Belgium cricket team toured Malta in July 2021 to play five Twenty20 International (T20I) matches at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa. The Maltese team had been due to play a four-match series in Belgium in 2021, but this was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As preparation for the series, the Belgium team were scheduled to play four T20 exhibition games against the Netherlands A cricket team in June 2021, but these matches were later cancelled. Malta were declared winners of the fourth T20I after five penalty runs were retrospectively added to their total. Belgium won the series 3–2.
Brunei and Malaysia
Brunei and Malaysia:  Why Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Refused to Join the Federation   is a 2013 book written by Isa Bin Ibrahim, a prominent member of the delegation of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin of Brunei with Neil Lawson QC, a London lawyer acting as the constitutional adviser on the formation of Malaysia. The book offers an inside perspective on Brunei's determination to retain its territory as an oil-rich self-governing state, contrasted with the British desire that Brunei should become part of the new federation to help counter the regional influence of China.

Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the quality of being acceptable under a supreme law with regard to the status of a norm, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the constitution set forth by an applicable jurisdiction. Laws, procedures, or acts that directly violate the constitution are considered unconstitutional. All others are considered constitutional unless deemed otherwise by a legitimate authority and through a legitimate mechanism.
1997 NCAA Division I women's lacrosse tournament
The 1997 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship was the 16th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The championship game was played at Goodman Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania during May 1997. All NCAA Division I women's lacrosse programs were eligible for this championship. This year, the tournament field expanded from 6 to 8 teams, the first expansion since 1986.

Maryland defeated Loyola Maryland, 8–7, to win their fifth and third consecutive, national championship. This would subsequently become the third of Maryland's record seven straight national titles (1995–2001).

The leading scorers for the tournament, each with 10 goals, were Amy Fine from North Carolina and Kerri Johnson from Loyola (MD). The Most Outstanding Player trophy was not awarded this year, although it would be reintroduced in 1998.

Loyola Greyhounds women's lacrosse
The Loyola Greyhounds women's lacrosse team is an NCAA Division I college lacrosse team representing Loyola University Maryland as part of the Patriot League. They play their home games at Ridley Athletic Complex in Baltimore, Maryland.
Chiesa del Tau, Pistoia
The Church of Tau is a 14th-century, deconsecrated Roman Catholic church located on Corso Silvano Fedi #28 in Pistoia, region of Tuscany, Italy. It is located adjacent to Piazza Garibaldi, and across the street from the church of San Domenico.

It was originally dedicated to St Anthony Abbot, and established along with the monastery by monks of the Canons Regular of St Anthony of Vienne. The church and adjacent monastery now houses the Fondazione Marino Marini, and exhibits some of the 20th-century sculptor's work in the church. The walls of the church were frescoed in 1372 by Niccolò di Tommaso and Antonio Vite.

Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.
Kōen Station
Kōen Station (公園駅, Kōen-eki) is a people mover station in Sakura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is on the Yamaman Yūkarigaoka Line, serving the planned community of Yūkarigaoka. Trains run roughly every 20 minutes.

After Kōen Station, the Yūkarigaoka Line splits into two and forms a loop. Trains headed towards the loop section proceed to Joshidai Station, while trains returning from the loop proceed to Chiku Center Station.

Yūkarigaoka
Yūkarigaoka (ユーカリが丘) is a planned community development on a 250 hectare site in the city of Sakura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan by developer Yamaman Co Ltd. Development began in 1971 with a total planned population of 30,000. As of April 2024, the population was 18,943, consisting of 8,100 households.

While the name Yūkarigaoka translates literally as “eucalyptus hill”, Australian Eucalyptus trees do not occur in the area naturally.
Roza Bal
The Roza Bal or Rouza Bal is a shrine located in the Khanyar quarter in downtown area of Srinagar in Kashmir, India. The word roza means tomb, the word bal means place. Locals believe a sage is buried here, Yuz Asaf, alongside another Muslim holy man, Mir Sayyid Naseeruddin.

The shrine was relatively unknown until the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, asserted in 1899 that it is actually the tomb of Jesus. This view is maintained by Ahmadis today, though it is rejected by the local caretakers of the shrine, one of whom said "the theory that Jesus is buried anywhere on the face of the earth is blasphemous to Islam."

Kashmir Valley
The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is an intermontane valley in the northern part of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The valley is surrounded by the ranges of the Himalayas, bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the Greater Himalayan Range. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) long and 32 km (20 mi) wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. It falls entirely within the Kashmir Division of Jammu and Kashmir.
David Webb (mathematician)
David Webb is an American mathematician known for his work on hearing the shape of a drum.

Webb attended Cornell University, where he received his PhD in 1983 under the supervision of Kenneth Stephen Brown. He is currently a professor of mathematics at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

In 2001 Webb and co-author Carolyn S. Gordon were awarded the Mathematical Association of America Chauvenet Prize for their 1996 American Scientist paper, "You can't hear the shape of a drum".

American Scientist
American Scientist (informally abbreviated AmSci) is an American bimonthly science and technology magazine published since 1913 by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society. In the beginning of 2000s the headquarters was moved to Research Triangle Park, (Durham), North Carolina. Each issue includes feature articles written by scientists and engineers who review research in fields from molecular biology to computer engineering.

Each issue also includes the work of cartoonists, including those of Sidney Harris, Benita Epstein, and Mark Heath. Also included is the Scientists' Nightstand that reviews a vast range of science-related books and novels.

American Scientist Online (ISSN 1545-2786) was launched in May 2003.
Gingerbread Lane
GingerBread Lane is a non-profit seasonal display of a handmade gingerbread village prepared by chef Jon Lovitch. He has made the display every year since 1994. GingerBread Lane has been featured in the Smithsonian Institution, Richmond, Virginia, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the New York Hall of Science.

The display requires about nine months and 1,500 hours to complete.

Gingerbread
Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar, or molasses. Gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a moist loaf cake to forms nearly as crisp as a ginger snap.