hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Power iteration
In mathematics, power iteration (also known as the power method) is an eigenvalue algorithm: given a diagonalizable matrix , the algorithm will produce a number , which is the greatest (in absolute value) eigenvalue of , and a nonzero vector , which is a corresponding eigenvector of , that is, .
The algorithm is also known as the Von Mises iteration.

Power iteration is a very simple algorithm, but it may converge slowly. The most time-consuming operation of the algorithm is the multiplication of matrix  by a vector, so it is effective for a very large sparse matrix with appropriate implementation. The speed of convergence is like  where  is the number of iterations, and  and   are, respectively, the eigenvalue of largest absolute value and an eigenvalue of second-largest absolute value (see a later section). In other words, convergence is exponential with base being the spectral gap.

Spectral gap
In mathematics, the spectral gap is the difference between the moduli of the two largest eigenvalues of a matrix or operator; alternately, it is sometimes taken as the smallest non-zero eigenvalue.  Various theorems relate this difference to other properties of the system. The spectral gap gets its name from the matrix spectrum, that is, for a matrix, the list of its eigenvalues. It provides insight on diffusion within the graph: corresponding the spectral gap to the smallest non-zero eigenvalue, it is then the mode of the network state that shows the slowest exponential decay over time.
John Bailey Farm
John Bailey Farm is a historic home located in East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1810, and is a two-story, four-bay, stone farmhouse with a gable roof in a vernacular Federal style. It features gable end chimneys. The property also contains a barn and spring house.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Spring house
A spring house, or springhouse, is a small building, usually of a single room, constructed over a spring.  While the original purpose of a springhouse was to keep the spring water clean by excluding fallen leaves, animals, etc., the enclosing structure was also used for refrigeration before the advent of ice delivery and, later, electric refrigeration.  The water of the spring maintains a constant cool temperature inside the spring house throughout the year.  Food that would otherwise spoil, such as meat, fruit, or dairy products, could be kept there, safe from animal depredations as well. Springhouses thus often also served as pumphouses, milkhouses and root cellars.

The Tomahawk Spring spring house at Tomahawk, West Virginia, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Midfield General
Damian Harris, also known by his stage name Midfield General, is the original founder of the Skint Records label.

A prime architect of the sound of big beat, Harris grew up listening first to punk rock, later hip hop, and acid house. He then moved to Brighton to study art, eventually taking work as a DJ while promoting clubs around the city. In 1994, his music knowledge landed him a job at Loaded Records, where former Housemartins member Norman Cook – a friend of Harris' since his days working at the Rounder store in Brighton – recorded as Pizzaman. He is a fan of Arsenal Football Club and has a season ticket at the Emirates Stadium. He has also appeared on episodes of the It's Up For Grabs Now and The Tuesday Club podcasts about Arsenal with Alan Davies and Ian Stone. He also released a song called "Midfielding" featuring a monologue from surrealist comedian Noel Fielding.

Acid house
Acid house (also simply known as just "acid") is a subgenre of house music developed in the early-1980s in Mumbai and the mid-1980s in Chicago. The style is defined primarily by the squelching sounds and basslines of the Roland TB-303 electronic bass synthesizer-sequencer, an innovation attributed to Chicago artists Phuture and Sleezy D circa 1986.

Acid house soon became popular in the United Kingdom and continental Europe, where it was played by DJs in the acid house and later rave scenes. By the late 1980s, acid house had moved into the British mainstream, where it had some influence on pop and dance styles.

Acid house brought house music to a worldwide audience. The influence of acid house can be heard in later styles of dance music including trance, hardcore, jungle, big beat, techno and trip hop.
Dr. Ambedkar Foundation
The Dr. Ambedkar Foundation (DAF) is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, established to promote the principles of social justice, equality, and empowerment advocated by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, a prominent social reformer and architect of the Indian Constitution. Founded on March 24, 1992, DAF focuses on uplifting marginalized communities, particularly Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), through educational, healthcare, and cultural initiatives. The foundation also preserves and disseminates Dr. Ambedkar’s legacy through publications, research, and commemorative events.

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is a Government of India ministry. It is responsible for welfare, social justice and empowerment of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society, including scheduled castes (SC), Other Backward Classes (OBC), LGBT people, the disabled, the elderly, and the victims of drug abuse. It also helps in the enforcement of legislation with regards to these marginalized groups to better enforce anti-discrimination policies.

The Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is Virendra Kumar, who is assisted by two ministers of state, Ramdas Athawale and B. L. Verma.
Baptiste Thunder
John Baptiste Thunder (February 23, 1891 - December 17, 1935) was a professional football player who played in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1922 season. That season, he joined the NFL's Oorang Indians. The Indians were a team based in LaRue, Ohio, composed only of Native Americans, and coached by Jim Thorpe. Thunder was a Chippewa.

La Rue, Ohio
La Rue is a village in Marion County, Ohio, United States. The population was 676 at the 2020 census. The village is served by Elgin Local School District. La Rue was named for Major William LaRue, who founded the town on June 3, 1851.
David Cancola
David Cancola (born 23 October 1996) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder. He has previously played for Austria Wien, Wiener Neustadt, TSV Hartberg, Slovan Liberec, Ross County, Ionikos, Novara and Hebar Pazardzhik.

TSV Hartberg
Turn- und Sportverein Hartberg (officially known as TSV Egger Glas Hartberg for sponsorship reasons) is an Austrian professional football club based in Hartberg, Styria. Founded in 1946, the club plays in the Austrian Bundesliga, the highest level of the Austrian football league system.

Hartberg were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time in 2018 and have since established themselves in the top flight. In the 2019–20 season, they qualified for European competition for the first time, earning a place in the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League qualifiers.

The club plays its home matches at the Profertil Arena Hartberg, a 4,500-capacity stadium, and traditionally wears blue and white.
Upałty Małe
Upałty Małe [uˈpau̯tɨ ˈmawɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Giżycko, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Giżycko and 95 km (59 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Giżycko
Giżycko (Polish pronunciation: [ɡʲiˈʐɨt͡skɔ] ⓘ; former Polish: Lec or Łuczany; German: Lötzen, pronounced [ˈlœtsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,107 inhabitants as of January 2025. It is situated between Lake Kisajno and Lake Niegocin in the region of Masuria, within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is the seat of Giżycko County.

Giżycko is a popular summer tourist destination due to its location within the Masurian Lake District and possesses numerous historical monuments, including a 14th-century Teutonic castle.
Rukiye Yıldırım
Rukiye Yıldırım (born February 12, 1991, in Ankara) is a European champion Turkish taekwondo practitioner competing in the finweight division. She is a graduate student in the School of Sports science at Selçuk University in Konya.

She began with Taekwondo in 2002 in Kanka Taekwondo S.K. in Ankara, where she is coached by Hızır Pınaroğlu. She is representing her country at international events since 2007.

Rukiye Yıldırım won a bronze medal at the 2011 World Taekwondo Championships held in Gyeongju, South Korea. She is the gold medalist of 2010 European Taekwondo Championships in finweigth.

She won the silver medalist in the Flyweight (49kg) division at the 2013 Mediterranean Games held in Mersin, Turkey.

Selçuk University
Selçuk University (Turkish: Selçuk Üniversitesi) is a state-owned higher educational institution which was founded 1975 in Konya, Turkey. It is one of the largest universities in Turkey with a student body of 63,000 of which 2,200 are foreign students from 105 countries.

As of 2023, the university is ranked 20th by  Times Higher Education, 22nd by METU URAP and 16th by EduRank within Turkey.
The Man in Black 1963–1969
The Man in Black 1963–1969 is the 82nd album by Johnny Cash. It was released in March 1994 by Bear Family Records and is the fourth box set, containing 6 CDs of Cash's music. The album peaked at number 37 in Australia.

Bear Family Records
Bear Family Records is a Germany-based independent record label that specializes in reissues of archival material, specialising primarily in country music but varying in everything from 1950s rock and roll to vintage German movie soundtracks.
Yanaorjo (Calca)
Yanaorjo (possibly from Quechua yana black, urqu mountain, "black mountain") is a mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of  Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It lies in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Calca District. Yanaorjo is situated southeast of Sahuasiray, south of Ccerayoc, north of Ajosune or Aqosune and Apurinru, and northwest of Pumacallanca and Llamayojcasa.

The two small lakes northeast of Yanaorjo are named Ancascocha (possibly from Quechua for "blue lake") and Suirococha (possibly from Quechua for suyru a very long dress tracked after when worn, qucha lake).

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Erasmus Jones
Erasmus Jones (17 December 1817 – 9 January 1909) was a Welsh-American minister and author.

Jones was born in the parish of Llanddeiniolen, Caerns. Before emigrating to New York in 1833 with his brother, he attended school at Pentir, located near Bangor. Upon his arrival in the United States, he moved between New York City, Trenton, New Jersey, and Remsen, New York. In 1848, he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Whilst being a part of the Church, he returned to Wales in 1852 to preach. However, he returned to America to serve as a chaplain in the army but after, went on to ministering to numerous churches in Oneida County (including several other places), until he settled in Utica.

Caernarfonshire
Caernarfonshire (/kərˈnɑːrvənʃər/; Welsh: Sir Gaernarfon, Welsh pronunciation: [ˈsir gaɨ̯rˈnarvɔn]), previously spelled Caernarvonshire or Carnarvonshire, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was located in the north-west of Wales.
Michael Karlsen
Michael Karlsen (born 3 February 1990) is a Norwegian former footballer who played as a striker. Karlsen, hailing from Trondheim, played for both Rosenborg and Ranheim, in addition to Hødd in the higher Norwegian divisions.

IL Hødd
Idrottslaget Hødd is a multi-sports club from Ulsteinvik in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. Founded in 1919, it has sections for team handball, gymnastics and football. It is best known for their men's football team, which since 2015 plays at Høddvoll, whose stated capacity is 4,081. The club's old home ground, Høddvoll Stadion, holds the record attendance of over 12,000 spectators at a match against Vålerenga in 1981.

Hødd are currently playing in 1. divisjon, the second tier of Norwegian football. They played in the top tier in 1966, 1969–72 (4 seasons) and 1995 and is the club that has played most seasons at the second tier. Hødd won the Norwegian Cup in 2012.
Cougar C26S
The Cougar C26S was a Group C sports car prototype built by Courage Compétition. It was used in the World Sports-Prototype Championship sports car racing series in 1991. Power came from a 3.0-liter Porsche 6-cylinder turbocharged engine. It achieved one podium finish; with its best results being a 2nd-place finish at the 1991 Most Interserie race, being driven by Frenchman Lionel Robert.

Group C
Group C was a category of sports car racing introduced by the FIA in 1982 and continuing until 1993, with Group A for touring cars and Group B for GTs.

It was designed to replace both Group 5 special production cars (closed top touring prototypes like Porsche 935) and Group 6 two-seat racing cars (open-top sportscar prototypes like Porsche 936). Group C was used in the FIA's World Endurance Championship (1982–1985), World Sports-Prototype Championship (1986–1990), World Sportscar Championship (1991–1992) and in the European Endurance Championship (1983 only). It was also used for other sports car racing series around the globe (All Japan Sports Prototype Championship, Supercup, Interserie). The final year for the class came in 1993, thereafter being replaced by Group GT1.

Broadly similar rules were used in the North American IMSA Grand Touring Prototype series (GTP).
Rostker v. Goldberg
Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 U.S. 57 (1981), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the practice of requiring only men to register for the draft was constitutional. After extensive hearings, floor debate and committee sessions on the matter, the United States Congress reauthorized the law, as it had previously been, to apply to men only. Several attorneys, including Robert L. Goldberg, subsequently challenged the Act as gender distinction. In a 6–3 decision, the Supreme Court upheld the Act, holding that its gender distinction was not a violation of the equal protection component of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
1998 Stockholm municipal election
The Stockholm municipal election of 1998 was held on 15 September 1998, concurrently with the 1998 Swedish general election.  Using a party-list proportional representation system to allocate the 101 seats of the Stockholm city council (Stockholms kommunfullmäktige) amongst the various Swedish political parties.  Voter turnout was 76.9%.

The results for the Social Democrats were the lowest in decades, and for the first time since the initiation of universal male suffrage in 1911, the Moderates outnumbered the Social Democrats to become the largest party on the Stockholm City Council as a result of this election.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
2005 MAAC men's basketball tournament
The 2005 MAAC men's basketball tournament was held March 4–7 at HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York.

Top-seeded Niagara defeated Rider in the championship game, 81–59, to win their first MAAC men's basketball tournament.

The Purple Eagles received an automatic bid to the 2005 NCAA tournament.

Rider Broncs men's basketball
The Rider Broncs men's basketball team is the NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball program that represents Rider University in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), which it joined in 1997, and plays their home games at Alumni Gymnasium. Rider previously competed in the East Coast Conference (ECC) from 1966 to 1992 and the Northeast Conference (NEC) from 1992 to 1997. The Broncs have made three appearances in the NCAA tournament, most recently in 1994.
Lyon-Part-Dieu station
The Gare de la Part-Dieu (French pronunciation: [ɡaʁ d(ə) la paʁdjø]; lit. "God's share railway station") or Lyon-Part-Dieu is the primary railway station of Lyon, France, located in its La Part-Dieu business district. It is on the historical Paris–Marseille railway. Train services are mainly operated by the SNCF with frequent TGV high-speed and TER regional services as well as Intercités, Frecciarossa, AVE and Lyria services. Lyon's second railway station, Perrache station, is located in the south of the historical centre.

Transport express régional
Transport express régional (French pronunciation: [tʁɑ̃spɔʁ ɛksprɛs ʁeʒjɔnal], usually shortened to TER) is the brand name used by the SNCF, the French national railway company, to denote rail service run by the regional councils of France, specifically their organised transport authorities. The network serves French regions; Île-de-France (Transilien) and Corsica (CFC) have their own specific transport systems. Every day, over 800,000 passengers are carried on 5,700 TER-branded trains.

TER is part of SNCF Voyageurs, a branch of the SNCF dealing with urban and regional passenger rail, which also includes Transilien, Intercités, Chemins de fer de la Corse (CFC), Keolis, and Effia.
Theodor Scherk
Johann Theodor Scherk (8 July 1836 – 10 August 1923), generally referred to as J. T. Scherk or Theodor Scherk, was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seats of East Adelaide from 1886 to 1902 and Adelaide from 1902 to 1905. He was born in Kiel, Holstein, Denmark on 8 July 1836 and migrated to South Australia in 1861.

He served for a time as president of the Adelaide German Club.

Electoral district of Adelaide
Adelaide is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. The 22.8 km² state seat of Adelaide currently consists of the Adelaide city centre including North Adelaide and suburbs to the inner north and inner north east: Collinswood, Fitzroy, Gilberton, Medindie, Medindie Gardens, Ovingham, Thorngate, Walkerville, most of Prospect, and part of Nailsworth. The federal division of Adelaide covers the state seat of Adelaide and additional suburbs in each direction.

The electorate's name comes from the city which it encompasses, which is named after the British queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.
Boonstra
Boonstra is a West Frisian toponymic surname, indicating an origin in the town of Oldeboorn or from near the river De Boarn, after which the town was named. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Boonstra (born 1957), Dutch swimmer

Clarence A. Boonstra (1914–2006), American ambassador

Cor Boonstra (1938–2025), Dutch businessman and chief executive

Dirk Boonstra (1893–1944), Dutch police officer

Lieuwe Dirk Boonstra (1905–1975), South African paleontologist

Miranda Boonstra (born 1972), Dutch long-distance runner

Tjabel Boonstra (1899–1968), Dutch cyclist

Todd Boonstra (born 1961), American cross-country skier

Albert Boonstra
Albert Boonstra (born 22 May 1957) is a retired swimmer from the Netherlands. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in the 100 m and 200 m breaststroke and 4 × 100 m medley relay and finished seventh in the relay.
John Sheppard (car designer)
John Sheppard (24 February 1922 – 29 March 2015) was a car designer who worked with Alec Issigonis on the Austin Mini and later on British Leyland's Metro, Maestro and Montego. He also designed the body for the Mini Moke.

Austin Montego
The Austin Montego is a British family car that was produced by British Leyland from 1984 until 1988, and then by Rover Group from 1988 until 1995. The Montego was the replacement for both the rear-wheel drive Morris Ital and the front-wheel drive Austin Ambassador ranges to give British Leyland an all-new competitor for the Ford Sierra and Vauxhall Cavalier.

On its launch, it was sold as both an Austin and an MG. It was the last car to be launched under the Austin marque, and from 1988 it was sold without a marque, following the phasing out of the Austin name.
Líderes de Miranda
Líderes de Miranda Baseball Club C.A., or simply  Líderes de Miranda, (English: Miranda Leaders) is a Venezuelan professional baseball club competing in the Venezuelan Major League. Despite representing the state of Miranda, the team is based in Maracay in the state of Aragua, due to the lack of infrastructure in Miranda, and plays its home games at Estadio José Pérez Colmenares.

Established in 2021 as one of the charter members of the Venezuelan Major League, the Líderes have finished as runners-up twice, in 2022 and 2024, losing the finals on both occasions to the Senadores de Caracas.

Miranda (state)
Miranda State (Spanish: Estado Miranda, IPA: [esˈtaðo miˈɾanda]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela and the second most populous after Zulia State. The most recent population estimate was 3,194,390 in mid-2016. It has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics.

Miranda is an important center for political, economic, cultural and commercial activities. The state is administered by a governor, and is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, each under a mayor.

Miranda State covers a total surface area of 7,950 km2 (3,070 sq mi).
Pontine Paus
Cecilie Alexandra Pontine Paus (born 15 June 1973) is a London-based Norwegian designer and shipping heiress. A member of the billionaire Wilhelmsen family on her mother's side, she is one of the owners of Wilh. Wilhelmsen, one of the world's largest shipping companies. She is known for designing handbags sold under her label House of Paus, and was described by Vogue in the early 2000s as the "hottest new name in handbags". She is the founder of the beauty brand Dr.Lipp.

Seadrill
Seadrill is an offshore drilling contractor providing worldwide offshore drilling services to the oil and gas industry. Its primary business is the ownership and operation of drillships, semi-submersible rigs, and jack-up rigs for operations in shallow to ultra-deep water in both benign and harsh environments. It provides a contract-based service and primarily serves the oil super-majors, integrated oil and gas, state-owned national oil, and independent oil and gas companies.