hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Knowles (aviator)
Lieutenant James Knowles Jr. (December 27, 1896 – February 20, 1971) was an American World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. He was one of the final aces in the war.

Knowles was a Harvard student who was accepted into the U.S. Army Air Service in April 1917. In June 1918, he reported to the 95th Aero Squadron for duty as a Spad XIII pilot. Between 25 July and 8 November 1918, he shot down three German Fokker D.VIIs and two Rumpler reconnaissance planes; one of the latter victories was shared with Sumner Sewall and three other pilots. He came out of the war as an ace with the Distinguished Service Cross with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Croix de Guerre, and the Aero Club of America Medal.

Fokker D.VII
The Fokker D.VII is a German World War I fighter aircraft designed by Reinhold Platz of the Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. Germany produced around 3,300 D.VII aircraft in the second half of 1918. In service with the Luftstreitkräfte, the D.VII quickly proved itself to be a formidable aircraft. The Armistice ending the war specifically required, as the fourth clause of the "Clauses Relating to the Western Front", that Germany was required to surrender all D.VIIs to the Allies. Surviving aircraft saw much service with many countries in the years after World War I.
Scat (novel)
Scat is a teenage novel by Carl Hiaasen, published in 2009. Scat, Hiaasen's third young adult novel, tells the story of a missing teacher named Mrs. Bunny Starch, and how two of her students, Nick Waters and Marta Gonzalez, stumble across an illegal operation by the Diamond Energy corporation on protected land for panthers while trying to find her. The book is available in over 1,000 libraries and was well-received when it came out, with a positive review in The New York Times.

The cover of Scat was created by Isabel Warren-Lynch The audiobook of Scat was narrated by Ed Asner, who was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for the work.

Carl Hiaasen is the author of other notable children's fiction novels, including Flush, in over 2,500 libraries. and Hoot, in over 3,200 libraries. He received the Newbery Honor for Hoot in 2003. Like Hoot and Flush, Scat takes place in Florida.

Panthera
Panthera is a genus within the family Felidae, and one of two extant genera in the subfamily Pantherinae. It contains the largest living members of the cat family. There are five living species: the jaguar, leopard, lion, snow leopard and tiger. Numerous extinct species are also named, including the cave lion and American lion.
Collision (2009 film)
Collision is an American documentary film by Darren Doane released on October 27, 2009. It features a debate between prominent antitheist Christopher Hitchens and Douglas Wilson, a pastor of Christ Church, a CREC church located in Moscow, Idaho.  Described by Hitchens as a "buddy-and-road" movie, it provides an overview of several days' worth of debates following the release of their book Is Christianity Good for the World?  The book was generated by correspondence published in the magazine Christianity Today.

Christ Church (Moscow, Idaho)
Christ Church is a Calvinist church in Moscow, Idaho, pastored by Douglas Wilson, and a member of the Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches. The congregation has received international coverage for its views, which include advocating for a theocracy, and its desire to make Moscow a "Christian town". It has formal and informal affiliations with a number of ministries, including a three-year ministerial training program (Greyfriars Hall), a private accredited college (New Saint Andrews), a campus ministry (Collegiate Reformed Fellowship), and formerly a publishing operation and magazine (Canon Press, Credenda/Agenda). The church is estimated to have between 900 and 2,000 members.
Bob Wheeler
Robert Tomlinson Wheeler III (January 11, 1952 – November 2010) was an American athlete in track & field who specialized in the mile. Born in Timonium, Maryland, he went to Dulaney High School in Baltimore County, Maryland, and attended Duke University. He represented the United States at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where he ran the 1500 metres. He is still the Duke record holder at the mile (indoor), the 1500 metres (outdoor), and the 1000 metres (indoor), records he ran between 1971 and 1973.

Baltimore County, Maryland
Baltimore County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Baltimore County partly surrounds but does not include the independent city of Baltimore. It is part of the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Northern Virginia in the south to Boston in the north and includes major American population centers, including New York City and Philadelphia. Major economic sectors in the county include education, government, and health care. As of the 2020 census, the population was 854,535. The county is home to several universities, including Goucher College, Stevenson University, Towson University, and University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Delphinium uliginosum
Delphinium uliginosum is a species of larkspur known by the common names swamp larkspur and bog larkspur. It is endemic to California, where it is known from very localized populations in the Inner North Coast Ranges. It grows in chaparral, grassland, and other habitat in the hills, generally on serpentine soils. This is a perennial herb producing a hairless, erect stem up to 70 centimeters tall. It can be identified by its leaves, which are fan-shaped, a characteristic unique among the larkspurs, which generally have palmate leaves with narrow, fingerlike lobes. The inflorescence bears up to 45 flowers, each on an upright pedicel which may exceed 10 centimeters long. The flower is blue with the longest sepals 1.4 centimeters long and a spur about the same length. The fruit is one or two centimeters long.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
Harpoon (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Harpoon, (archaeological, single-barbed type), is one of the oldest language hieroglyphs from ancient Egypt. It is used on the famous Narmer Palette of Pharaoh Narmer from the 31st century BC, in an archaic hieroglyphic form.

Narmer
Narmer (Ancient Egyptian: nꜥr-mr, may mean "painful catfish", "stinging catfish", "harsh catfish", or "fierce catfish"; fl. c. 3100 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king of the Early Dynastic Period, whose reign began at the end of the 4th millennium BC. He is believed to have been the successor to the Protodynastic king Ka. Many scholars consider him the unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty, and in turn the first king of a unified Egypt. He also had a prominently noticeable presence in Canaan, compared to his predecessors and successors. Neithhotep is thought to be his queen consort or his daughter.

A majority of Egyptologists believe that Narmer was the same person as Menes.
A20 line
The A20, or address line 20, is one of the electrical lines that make up the system bus of an x86-based computer system. The A20 line in particular is used to transmit the 21st bit on the address bus.

A microprocessor typically has a number of address lines equal to the base-two logarithm of the number of words in its physical address space. For example, a processor with 4 GB of byte-addressable physical space requires 32 lines (log2(4 GB) = log2(232 B) = 32), which are named A0 through A31. The lines are named after the zero-based number of the bit in the address that they are transmitting. The least significant bit is first and is therefore numbered bit 0 and signaled on line A0. A20 transmits bit 20 (the 21st bit) and becomes active once addresses reach 1 MB, or 220.

System bus
A system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system,
combining the functions of a data bus to carry information, an address bus to determine where it should be sent or read from, and a control bus to determine its operation.  The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity, and although popular in the 1970s and 1980s, more modern computers use a variety of separate buses adapted to more specific needs.

The system level bus (as distinct from a CPU's internal datapath busses) connects the CPU to memory and I/O devices.
Typically a system level bus is designed for use as a backplane.
The Blue Trees (Dimopoulos)
The Blue Trees is a performance and installation artwork by the artist Konstantin Dimopoulos that uses a colour transformation to provoke discussion about global deforestation. The trunk and branches of live trees are coloured blue using a biologically safe natural pigment in water.  It was first created in pilot form in Melbourne in 2005 and launched in March 2011 at the Vancouver Biennale, Canada. In 2015 ist was installed in Kuenzelsau at Ziehl-Abegg, in 2017 in Downtown Denver, and in 2018 the Currier Museum of Art commissioned a Manchester, New Hampshire installation of The Blue Trees that became the 24th installation of the artwork.

Vancouver International Sculpture Biennale
Vancouver International Sculpture Biennale (French:Biennale Internationale de la Sculpture de Vancouver) is an open-air museum for Contemporary Art in Canada. It is a non-profit charitable organization that mounts a major outdoor sculpture exhibition, biennially. Each exhibition is accessible for a two-year period, featuring international artists, New Media and Performance Art, in the cities of Vancouver, New Westminster, North Vancouver, Squamish and Richmond public spaces. The sculpture is in situ and is open to the public 24/7, 365 days a year.
Marc Ferland (figure skater)
Marc Ferland is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. He is the 1984 World Junior silver medalist. He retired from competition in the 1980s and later started a singing career. He sang the Canadian national anthem during the opening ceremony at the 2007 Skate Canada International and the finale "This is the Moment" during the figure skating exhibition gala at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

1984 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 1984 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held on December 5–11, 1983 in Sapporo, Japan. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The regular senior-level NHK Trophy competition was not held that year, the World Junior Championships being held in its stead.
Coldwell Complex
The Coldwell Complex is a large circular gabbro and syenite intrusion within the Earth's crust. Located on the North Shore of Lake Superior in Ontario, Canada, it is the largest alkaline intrusion in North America with a diameter of 25 km (16 mi).

Gabbro
Gabbro (/ˈɡæbroʊ/ GAB-roh) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic (magnesium- and iron-rich),  intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro has the same chemical composition and mineralogy as rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term gabbro may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". It is often called "black granite" commercially, just as other intrusive rocks are called "granite" in the dimension stone industry. By rough analogy, gabbro is to basalt as granite is to rhyolite.
Clockface Café
Clockface Café (French: Le Café du Cadran) is a 1947 French drama film directed by Jean Gehret and Henri Decoin and starring Bernard Blier, Blanchette Brunoy and Aimé Clariond. The film's sets were designed by the art director Emile Alex.

Henri Decoin
Henri Decoin (18 March 1890 – 4 July 1969) was a French film director and screenwriter, who directed more than 50 films between 1933 and 1964. He was also a swimmer who won the national title in 1911 and held the national record in the 500 m freestyle. He competed in the 400 m freestyle at the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the water polo tournament at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
Maarten Sikking
Martinus Jacobus Maria "Maarten" Sikking (13 February 1948 – 5 May 2009) was a field hockey goalkeeper from the Netherlands. He competed at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics, where his team finished in fourth place on both occasions.

Between 1970 and 1980 Sikking played 123 international matches. His most remarkable game was the 1973 World Cup final in Amstelveen, the Netherlands, where he stopped one penalty shot in overtime, and two more in the penalty series. As a result, Netherlands won their first international hockey title.

Sikking was considered one of the best goalkeepers of his time, but never won an Olympic medal. He had high hopes for the 1980 Moscow Games, and after they were boycotted by the Dutch Hockey Federation he burned his hockey gear and retired from competitions. Later he worked in insurance and was involved in various charities in developing countries. He moved to Bali, Indonesia, where he set up a school, married his third wife, and died aged 61.

1973 Men's Hockey World Cup
The 1973 Men's Hockey World Cup was the second installment of the Hockey World Cup.  It was held from 24 August to 2 September at the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands. The host nation, the Netherlands, became champions, defeating India 4–2 on penalty strokes after the final had finished 2–2. It was the first World Cup to introduce the 12 teams format which became the standard format of the FIH Hockey World Cup until the 1998 edition.
Child of a Dream
Child of a Dream (original title: Il figlio del sogno) is a historical novel, the first part of Valerio Massimo Manfredi's Alexander trilogy, released in 1998. It narrates the childhood of Alexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympias, including his tutelage under the Greek philosopher Aristotle. It also focuses on Alexander's friendship with Hephaestion and Ptolemy, and his preparation to become a warrior able to lead the Macedonian Empire.

Leonidas I
Leonidas I (/liəˈnaɪdəs, -dæs/; Ancient Greek: Λεωνίδας, Leōnídas; born c. 540 BC; died 11 August 480 BC) was king of the Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. He was the son of king Anaxandridas II and the 17th king of the Agiad dynasty, a Spartan royal house which claimed descent from Heracles. Leonidas I ascended to the throne in c. 489 BC, succeeding his half-brother king Cleomenes I. He ruled jointly along with king Leotychidas II until his death in 480 BC, when he was succeeded by his son, Pleistarchus.

At the Second Greco-Persian War, Leonidas led the allied Greek forces in a last stand at the Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC), attempting to defend the pass from the invading Persian army, and was killed early during the third and last day of the battle. Leonidas entered myth as a hero and the leader of the 300 Spartans who died in battle at Thermopylae. While the Greeks lost this battle, they were able to expel the Persian invaders in the following year.
Lake Singrenacocha
Lake Singrenacocha (possibly from Quechua sinkriy to walk in a line / to string, sikriy, sinri to string beads, -na a suffix, qucha lake) or Sigrenacocha is a lake in Peru located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Ocongate District. It is situated at a height of about 4,377 metres (14,360 ft), about 3.82 km long and 0.88 km at its widest point.2.78 km2. Singrenacocha lies in the Vilcanota mountain range, northwest of the larger Lake Sibinacocha and north of the Callangate massif.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Roja Kannan
Roja Kannan (born 1959 or 1960) is an Indian dancer specialising in the classical dance form Bharatanatyam.

Kannan trained in Bharatanatyam under the dancers Adyar K. Lakshman and Kalanidhi Narayanan. She performed an arangetram in 1972. She stopped performing following her marriage. This hiatus lasted for 13 years.

Kannan founded a dance school, Bharatha Natyalaya, in 1987. She was awarded the Kalaimamani for Bharatanatyam for 2017.

In 2012 Kannan was based in Alwarpet, Chennai.

Arangetram (dance)
Arangetram in Tamil  (araṅkēṟṟam, அரங்கேற்றம்) and  Malayalam (araṅgēṟṟaṃ, അരങ്ങേറ്റം), known as "raṃgapravēśa" (ರಂಗಪ್ರವೇಶ) in Kannada and "raṃgapravēśaṃ" (రంగప్రవేశం) in Telugu is the debut on-stage performance of a former student of Indian classical dance and music that follows years of training in classical music and dancing. Many Indian classical dance forms require their followers to perform an arangetram. Once a student has done so, they are thereafter allowed to perform dances on their own and to teach aspiring dancers.
Dieter Meschede
Dieter Meschede (born 17 April 1954) is a German physicist and lightweight rower.

Meschede was born in 1954 in Lathen in the Emsland district.

Meschede won a gold medal at the 1976 World Rowing Championships in Villach with the lightweight men's eight.

Meschede studied physics and in 1989, he was the inaugural recipient of the Rudolf Kaiser Prize, awarded to young promising scientists. In 2007, he was awarded the Robert Wichard Pohl Prize. He teaches quantum technology at the University of Bonn. He is the president of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft and will hold this position from April 2018 for a two-year period.

Since the 21st edition (published in 2002), Meschede has been the editor of the German physics textbook Gerthsen Physik.

Lightweight rowing
Lightweight rowing (abbreviated Lwt or Lt) is a category of rowing where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of competitors. According to the International Rowing Federation (FISA), this weight category was introduced "to encourage more universality in the sport especially among nations with less statuesque people".

At the international level, for crew boats, the limits are:

Men: Crew average 70 kg (154.3 lb) – no rower over 72.5 kg (159.8 lb)

Women: Crew average 57 kg (125.7 lb) – no rower over 59 kg (130.1 lb)

For single sculls, the limits are 72.5 kg (159.8 lb) for men and 59 kg (130.1 lb) for women.
Fever of unknown origin
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a condition in which the patient has an elevated temperature (fever) for which no cause can be found despite investigations by one or more qualified physicians. If the cause is found, it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion, eliminating all possibilities until only the correct explanation remains.

In the West, the classical medical definition of the FUO required a clinician-verified measurement of temperature of ≥38.3 °C (100.9 °F) at any site on several (varied) occasions over 3 weeks, though in the recent years the threshold of ≥38.0 °C (100.4 °F) has been becoming increasingly more prevalent.

Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy is a disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency. Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type (the most common type) is lymphadenitis,  producing swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. In clinical practice, the distinction between lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis is rarely made and the words are usually treated as synonymous. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels is known as lymphangitis. Infectious lymphadenitis affecting lymph nodes in the neck is often called scrofula.

Lymphadenopathy is a common and nonspecific sign. Common causes include infections (from minor causes such as the common cold and post-vaccination swelling to serious ones such as HIV/AIDS), autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Lymphadenopathy is frequently idiopathic and self-limiting.
Saint-Privat, Hérault
Saint-Privat (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pʁiva]; Occitan: Sant Privat) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

The Saint-Michel at Grandmont Priory is located in the commune.

Hérault
Hérault (French pronunciation: [eʁo]; Occitan: Erau, [eˈɾaw]) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the Hérault River, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,175,623 in 2019.
2013 Orange Open Guadeloupe – Doubles
Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Albano Olivetti were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Dudi Sela and Jimmy Wang won the final 6–1, 6–2 against Philipp Marx and Florin Mergea to win the title.

Dudi Sela
David "Dudi" Sela (Hebrew: דודי סלע; born 4 April 1985) is an Israeli former professional tennis player. He reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 29 in July 2009.

Sela won the French Open 2003 junior doubles title. Representing Israel in the Davis Cup, his highlights include a win in 2007 over then-world No. 7 Fernando González, and being a key player in Israel's semifinal run in 2009. In 2008 he beat world No. 5 David Ferrer in straight sets, and in 2010 he beat world No. 7 Andy Roddick in straight sets. Sela reached the fourth round of the 2009 Wimbledon Championships and has finished runner-up in two ATP tournaments in Beijing and Atlanta. In 2015, he won his 24th career ATP Challenger event of his career, moving him into second place on the all-time list of Challenger title wins (behind Lu Yen-hsun).
Cognition: An Erica Reed Thriller
Cognition: An Erica Reed Thriller is a 4-part episodic point-and-click graphic adventure game released by Phoenix Online Studios for multiple platforms.  Funded through Kickstarter in 2011, four episodes were released for Microsoft Windows and OS X with the first two also for iPad.  Jane Jensen, the creator of the Sierra On-Line Gabriel Knight series, was a story consultant for the development of the game.

The first episode, The Hangman, was released on October 30, 2012, and the final episode, The Cain Killer, was released on September 19, 2013.

Point and click
Point and click are one of the actions of a computer user moving a pointer to a certain location on a screen (pointing) and then pressing a button on a mouse or other pointing device (click). An example of point and click is in hypermedia, where users click on hyperlinks to navigate from document to document. User interfaces, for example graphical user interfaces, are sometimes described as "point-and-click interfaces", often to suggest that they are very easy to use, requiring that the user simply point to indicate their wishes. Describing software this way implies that the interface can be controlled solely through a pointing device with little or no input from the keyboard, as with many graphical user interfaces.

In some systems, such as Internet Explorer, moving the pointer over a link (or other GUI control) and waiting for a split-second will cause a tooltip to be displayed.