hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes Bob van Benthem
Johannes Bob van Benthem (5 January 1921 in Buitenzorg – 11 September 2006 in The Hague) was a Dutch lawyer. He was the first president of the European Patent Office (EPO), from 1977 to 1985.

He obtained a Doctorate in Dutch Law from the University of Amsterdam in 1946. Then, he worked for the Netherlands Patent Office (Octrooiraad), first as a lawyer starting in 1946, then later on as President of the Netherlands Patent Office from 1968 to 1977, prior to working at the European Patent Office (EPO). "He was awarded honorary doctorates by the law faculties of Munich and Strasbourg Universities."

Since the beginning of December 2007, a street near the buildings of the European Patent Office in Rijswijk, near The Hague, Netherlands, is named after him. More particularly, "the stretch of Koopmansstraat between Tinbergenstraat and Limpergstraat [is] known as Van Benthemlaan". In October 2013, the address of the EPO headquarters in Munich was also renamed in his honor.

European Patent Office
The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisation while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the European Patent Convention lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States.

Within the European Patent Office, examiners are notably in charge of studying European patent applications, filed by applicants, to decide whether to grant a patent for an invention. The patents granted by the European Patent Office are called European patents.
Chak Ngaeo
Chak Ngaeo or Ban Chak Ngaeo (or spelled: Chakngeaw; Thai: ชากแง้ว, บ้านชากแง้ว; lit: Chak Ngaeo Village; Chinese: 茶格; pinyin: Chá gé) is a community and village located in Tambon Huai Yai, Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province, eastern  Thailand. It is a community of Thai Chinese who still maintain the traditional lifestyle similar to Talad Noi in Bangkok. Even though it is located less than 10 kilometers (6.21 mi) from Pattaya, where Pattaya is a world-class tourist destination filled with pubs, bars or liquor stores includes agogo bars and many Western tourists. It has been dubbed "Chinatown of the East".

Chonburi province
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is a province of Thailand (changwat) located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to the west. Pattaya, a major tourism destination in Thailand, is located in Chonburi, along with Laem Chabang, the country's primary seaport. The population of the province has grown rapidly and now totals 1.7 million residents, although a large portion of the population is floating or unregistered. The registered population as of 31 December 2024 was 1.635 million.
Gynaecworld Clinic
Gynaecworld is a women's health centre. It is located in Mumbai, India and is one of several Mumbai IVF clinics that also provides surrogacy.

The Gynaecworld clinic is founded and led by MD Dr Duru Shah

Here are some of the services available at Gynaecworld

Obstetrics and Gynaecology consultation

Fertility Services

Premarital counselling

Pre-pregnancy Counselling

Pregnancy Care

Antenatal exercise program

Family Planning Services

Endoscopy (Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy)

Teencare

Dermatologist

Dietician

Ultrasound

Laboratory services

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Pointless topology
In mathematics, pointless topology, also called point-free topology (or pointfree topology) or topology without points and locale theory, is an approach to topology where lattices of open sets are the primitive notion, and are not required to consist of subsets of points. In this approach it becomes possible to construct topologically interesting spaces from purely algebraic data. Points are then a derived notion rather than primitive, and there are non-trivial spaces that have no points.

Greatest element and least element
In mathematics, especially in order theory, the greatest element of a subset  of a partially ordered set (poset) is an element of  that is greater than every other element of . The term least element is defined dually, that is, it is an element of  that is smaller than every other element of
Diddley bow
The diddley bow is a single-stringed American instrument that influenced the development of the blues sound. It consists of a single string of baling wire tensioned between two nails on a board over a glass bottle, which is used both as a bridge and as a means to amplify the instrument's sound.

It was traditionally considered a starter or children's instrument in the Deep South, especially in the African American community, and is rarely heard outside the rural South. It may have been influenced to some degree by West African instruments. Other nicknames for this instrument include "jitterbug" or "one-string," while an ethnomusicologist would formally call it a "monochord zither."

It Might Get Loud
It Might Get Loud is a 2008 American documentary film by filmmaker Davis Guggenheim. It explores the careers and musical styles of prominent rock guitarists Jimmy Page, the Edge, and Jack White. The film premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival, and received a wide release in the United States on August 14, 2009, by Sony Pictures Classics.
Enrique Hill
Enrique Hill (Bulgarian: хълм Енрике, ‘Halm Enrique’ \'h&lm en-'ri-ke\) is the ice-free hill rising to 156 m in Dospey Heights on the Ray Promontory of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It surmounts Barclay Bay to the east and northeast, and Diomedes Lake on the southeast

The feature is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area ASPA 126 Byers Peninsula, situated in one of its restricted zones.

The hill is named after the  Jordi Enrique from Juan Carlos I Base who, together with Francesc Sàbat, made the first ascent of the island's summit Mount Friesland (1700 m) on 30 December 1991.

Barclay Bay
Barclay Bay (62°33′S 60°58′W﻿ / ﻿62.550°S 60.967°W﻿ / -62.550; -60.967) is a bay in the Drake Passage between Cape Shirreff and Essex Point on the north side of Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Its head is fed by Etar Snowfield. The name appears on an 1825 chart of the British sealing expedition under James Weddell, and is now established in international usage.
Billy Banks (rugby)
William Martin Banks (11 January 1925 – August 1991) was a Welsh rugby union and World Cup winning professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Maesteg RFC, as a scrum-half and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, Wales, Other Nationalities, British Empire and Combined Nationalities, and at club level for Leeds, Wakefield Trinity, Huddersfield, Whitehaven and Salford, as a stand-off, or scrum-half.

1949–50 Northern Rugby Football League season
The 1949–50 Rugby Football League season was the 55th season of rugby league football. First placed Wigan successfully defended a challenge from second placed Huddersfield in the play-off final to claim the Rugby Football League Championship. The Challenge Cup winners were Warrington who beat Widnes 19-0 in the final. Wigan won the Lancashire League, and Huddersfield won the Yorkshire League. Wigan beat Leigh 20–7 to win the Lancashire Cup, and Bradford beat Huddersfield 11–4 to win the Yorkshire Cup. Crowds peaked in 1949-50 with a record 69.8 million paying to watch rugby league matches.
2024 Open delle Puglie – Doubles
Anna Danilina and Irina Khromacheva won the doubles title at the 2024 Open delle Puglie, defeating Angelica Moratelli and Renata Zarazúa in the final, 6–1, 6–3.

Katarzyna Kawa and Anna Sisková were the reigning champions, but did not participate this year.

Irina Khromacheva
Irina Pavlovna Khromacheva (Russian: Ирина Павловна Хромачёва; born 12 May 1995) is a Russian professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 14 in doubles achieved on 3 March 2025 and No. 89 in singles, reached on 27 February 2017.
Ejisu Municipal Assembly
Ejisu Municipal District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Ejisu-Juaben Municipal District in 1988, which was created from the former Ejisu-Juaben-Bosomtwe District Council, until the northeast part of the district was split off to create Juaben Municipal District on 15 March 2018; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Ejisu Municipal District. The municipality is located in the central part of Ashanti Region and has Ejisu as its capital town.

Ejisu
Ejisu is a city in Kumasi located along the Kumasi-Accra highway about 20 km from Kumasi. It is the capital of Ejisu Municipal Assembly, a municipality of the Ashanti Region, Ghana. This municipal is one of the 30 administrative and political Districts in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and it was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I) 1890. In 2020, the Nkosuohene of Ejisu was Nana Kofi Poku. In 2022, the Chief of Ejisu was Nana Afrane Okese. As of 2024, the Municipal Chief Executive of the town was Mr Samuel Oduro Frimpong.
Ernst Bessel Hagen
Carl Ernst Bessel Hagen (who published under the name Ernst Hagen; 31 January 1851 – 15 January 1923) was a German applied and experimental physicist. With Heinrich Rubens, he identified the so-called Hagen–Rubens equation (1903).

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Central Asian Border District
The Red Banner Central Asian Border District (Russian: Краснознамённый Среднеазиатский пограничный округ) was a district of the Soviet KGB Border Guards. It had its headquarters in Ashgabad. It guarded the Afghan–Soviet border (without the strip along the Wakhan District) and the Iranian–Soviet border. The sea border of the district extended halfway along the southern line of Soviet territorial waters in the Caspian Sea until it met the terrain of the Red Banner Trans-Caucasus Border District.

Tagtabazar
Tagtabazar, formerly known as Panjdeh or Pendi, is a town  and capital of Tagtabazar District in the Mary Province of Turkmenistan. It is located roughly 20 km west of the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border, along the Murgap River. In 2022, it had a population of 13,312 people.
Bojanovice (Znojmo District)
Bojanovice is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Bojanovice lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Znojmo, 54 km (34 mi) south-west of Brno, and 169 km (105 mi) south-east of Prague.

Znojmo
Znojmo (Czech pronunciation: [ˈznojmo] ⓘ; German: Znaim) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants. Znojmo is the historical and cultural centre of southwestern Moravia and the second most populated town in the South Moravian Region. The town with its surroundings is known for its production of cucumbers, the tradition of which began in 1571. The historic centre of Znojmo is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Caboclo
A caboclo (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐˈboklu]) is a person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and European ancestry, or, less commonly, a culturally assimilated or detribalized person of full Amerindian descent. In Brazil, a caboclo generally refers to this specific type of mestiço.

The term, also pronounced "caboco", is from Brazilian Portuguese, and perhaps ultimately from the Tupi kaa'boc, meaning "the one who comes from the forest". A person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and sub-Saharan black ancestry is known as a "cafuzo."

In the 1872 and 1890 censuses, 3.9% and 9.04% of the population self-identified as caboclos, respectively. Since then, caboclos are counted as pardos, along with mulattoes (mixed Black-White) and cafuzos (mixed Amerindian-Black).

A survey performed in Rio de Janeiro showed that 14% of Whites and 6% of Pardos reported Amerindian and White ancestry.

According to some estimations, caboclos would be around 12% of Brazilian population.

1872 Brazilian census
The 1872 Brazilian census was the first census carried out in Brazilian territory, during the imperial period. All residents in private and collective households (called "fogos") who were in it on the reference date of the census, which was 1 August 1872, were censused. The population was distributed according to color, sex, free or slave status, marital status, nationality, occupation and religion.
Alexandre Lapandry
Alexandre Lapandry (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ lapɑ̃dʁi]; born 13 April 1989 in Paray-le-Monial, Saône-et-Loire) is a French rugby union player. Lapandry, who is a flanker, plays his club rugby for ASM Clermont Auvergne. He made his debut for France against Samoa on 21 November 2009. He played in the final as Clermont won the Top 14 title in 2009–10.

Lapandry captained the French under-20 team at the 2009 IRB Junior World Championship.

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Procris (daughter of Thespius)
In Greek mythology, Procris (/ˈproʊkrɪs/; Ancient Greek: Πρόκρις, gen.: Πρόκριδος) was a Thespian princess as the eldest of the 50 daughters of King Thespius and either Megamede, daughter of Arneus, or by one of his many wives. Procris bore twin sons, Antileon and Hippeus, to the hero Heracles.

Megamede
In Greek mythology, Megamede (Ancient Greek: Μεγαμήδη) was the daughter of Arneus who became the wife of King Thespius of Thespiae and mothered his 50 daughters who consorted with Heracles. Otherwise, these maidens were born from numerous concubines of Thespius.
1984 Geneva Open
The 1984 Geneva Open was a men's tennis tournament played on clay courts that was part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix. It was played at Geneva in Switzerland from 17 September through 23 September 1984. Fifth-seeded Aaron Krickstein won the singles title. The doubles final could not be played due to rain. It was rescheduled to the first day of the 1984 Stockholm Open tournament in late October and was played on the indoor hard courts of the Kungliga tennishallen.

1984 Stockholm Open
The 1984 Stockholm Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts and part of the 1984 Volvo Grand Prix and took place at the Kungliga tennishallen in Stockholm, Sweden. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and was held from 29 October through 5 November 1984. First-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title, his third at the event after 1978 and 1979, and earned $45,000 first-prize money.
Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
Don Carlos María Alfonso Marcelo de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y Borbón-Parma, Infante of Spain, Duke of Calabria (16 January 1938 – 5 October 2015) was, at his death, the last male infante of Spain during the reigns of his cousins King Juan Carlos I and King Felipe VI.

Additionally, he was also one of two claimants to the headship of the dynasty which ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies prior to its incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, in which capacity he was also the Grand Master of one of the three branches of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George.

Ciudad Real
Ciudad Real (US: /sjuːˌdɑːd reɪˈɑːl, -ˌðɑːð/, Spanish: [θjuˈðað reˈal] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It is the 5th most populated municipality in the region.

It was founded as Villa Real in 1255 as a royal demesne town and enclave long surrounded by territory belonging to the military order of Calatrava. Its history in the late middle ages was influenced by friction with the latter.
Nancy Sikobe
Nancy Sikobe  (born (1970-08-15)15 August 1970) is a retired Kenyan female volleyball player. She was part of the Kenya women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. On club level she played with Kenya Posta.

1994 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 1994 FIVB Women's World Championship was the twelfth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 17 to 30 October 1994 in São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Carl Fredrik Bagge af Söderby
Carl Fredrik Bagge af Söderby (October 23, 1750 – December 31, 1828) was a Swedish military officer and colonial administrator who served as governor of Saint Barthélemy from 1790 to 1795, the only Swedish colony at the time.

Swedish overseas colonies
Sweden controlled a small number of colonies outside Europe between 1638 and 1878, most of which were short-lived.

In the Americas, Sweden founded the colony of New Sweden (1638–1655) along the Delaware River, and briefly controlled Esequibo (1732–1739) and Tobago (1733). Sweden also governed the island of Saint Barthélemy for nearly a century (1784–1878). Sweden made Saint Barthélemy a free port and it served as a hub in the Atlantic slave trade. The island of Guadeloupe was a personal possession of King Charles XIV John from 1813 to 1814.

In West Africa, Sweden held several forts on the Swedish Gold Coast from 1650 to 1663. In South Asia, the Swedish East India Company founded a trading post at Porto Novo in 1733, but it was destroyed a month later by French and British forces.
Fine (brandy)
In the field of oenology, the French term fine identifies and refers to a brandy that is distilled from wine, as opposed to marc, which is a brandy that is distilled from pomace, the solid remains of grapes after pressing for juice.

In France, fine production often falls under Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) designation, with production methods and naming required to meet certain legal requirements. For example:

Cognac

Armagnac

Fine Bordeaux

Fine de Bourgogne

Fine du Bugey

Fine Figures

Pomace
Pomace (/ˈpʌməs/ PUM-əs), or marc (/ˈmɑːrk/; from French marc [maʁ]), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit.

Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy (such as grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, tsipouro, tsikoudia, zivania). Today, it is mostly used as fodder, as fertilizer, or for the extraction of bioactive compounds like polyphenols.
East Caulfield Football Club
The East Caulfield Football Club, known as the Caulfield Football Club for most of its history, was an Australian rules football club based around the Melbourne suburbs of Caulfield and Caulfield East. It was considered one of the strongest clubs in the Federal Football League (FFL).

The Sporting Globe wrote in 1933 that there were hopes the club would join the Victorian Football League (VFL) "in the near future", but this never eventuated (although the club almost joined in the VFL's reserves competition in 1919).

East Caulfield wore a dark maroon jumper with a navy blue collar, having originally worn a black jumper with a yellow sash (similar to Richmond and Glenelg).

Caulfield East
Caulfield East is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Caulfield East recorded a population of 1,293 at the 2021 census.

The suburb contains landmarks such as the Caulfield Racecourse, Caulfield railway station, the Caulfield Campus of Monash University and Glen Eira College. The suburb is bounded by Booran Road and Kambrook Road to the west, Dandenong Road to the north, Grange Road to the east and Neerim Road to the south.
Bijolia movement
The Bijolia movement (Hindi: बिजोलिया आंदोलन) was a peasant movement in the Bijolia jagir of the former Mewar state (in present-day Rajasthan in India) against excessive land revenue exactions. Originating in the former jagir (feudal estate) of Bijolia (near the  town of Bijolia in  Bhilwara district), the movement gradually spread to neighbouring jagirs. Leadership to the movement was provided, at different times, by Fateh Karan Charan, Sadhu Sitaram Das, Vijay Singh Pathik, and Manikyalal Verma. The movement continued till 1941 after a bitter struggle lasting about half a century, gained national attention and resisted state oppression.

Manikya Lal Verma
Manikya Lal Verma (Born on 4 December 1897 in a Mathur Kayastha family) was a member of Constituent Assembly of India in 1949. He was the second prime minister of Rajasthan, after Gokul Lal Asava. He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 from Chittorgarh and in 1952 from Tonk. He was recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1965.
Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die?
Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die? is a 1982 documentary film that asks whether the United States could have stopped the Holocaust. The film combines previously classified information, rare newsreel footage, and interviews with the politicians who were in office at the time, to tell a behind-the-scenes story of secret motives and inane priorities that allowed for the death of millions. The film title refers to the prayer Unetanneh Tokef that has been a part of the Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur liturgy in rabbinical Judaism for centuries.

Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (/ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊər, ˌjɔːm ˈkɪpər, ˌjoʊm-/ ⓘ YOM kip-OOR, YAWM KIP-ər, YOHM-; Hebrew: יוֹם כִּפּוּר‎ Yōm Kippūr [ˈjom kiˈpuʁ], lit. 'Day of Atonement') is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. It occurs annually on the 10th of Tishrei, corresponding to a date in late September or early October.

For traditional Jewish people, it is primarily centered on atonement and repentance. The day's main observances consist of full fasting and asceticism, both accompanied by extended prayer services (usually at synagogue) and sin confessions. Some minor Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist Judaism, focus less on sins and more on one's goals and accomplishments and setting yearly intentions.

Alongside the related holiday of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur is one of the two components of the High Holy Days of Judaism. It is also the last of the Ten Days of Repentance.