hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Black Peak (Alaska)
Black Peak is a highly eroded stratovolcano comprising a lava dome complex on the Alaska Peninsula of the U.S. state of Alaska.  Also called Purple Crater, Black Volcano or Sopka Chornaia, the mountain is located within the Lake and Peninsula Borough.

The latest eruption from Black Peak less than 4,000 years ago produced an explosive VEI-6 eruption that created a caldera. Ash flow tuffs and block and ash flow deposits from this explosive eruption traveled down the Ash Creek and Bluff Creek valleys that reach depths of 100 m (328 ft).

Block and ash flow
A block and ash flow or block-and-ash flow is a flowing mixture of volcanic ash and large (>26 cm) angular blocks commonly formed as a result of a gravitational collapse of a lava dome or lava flow. Block and ash flows are a type of pyroclastic flow and as such they form during volcanic eruptions. In contrast to other types of pyroclastic flows, block and ash flows do not contain pumice and the volume of block and ash flow deposits is usually small. Block and ash flow deposits have densities in the range of 1600 to 2000 kg/m3, two to five times greater than ash fall deposits. Some blocks in block and ash flow deposits may have thin and shiny coatings of carbon derived from charcoal formed from vegetation trapped by the flow.

Volcanoes known for their production of block and ash flows since the 1990s include Mount Unzen in Japan, Mount Merapi in Java and Soufrière Hills in the Lesser Antilles.
Henry K. Bush-Brown
Henry Kirke Bush-Brown (April 21, 1857 in Ogdensburg, New York –1935) was an American sculptor and the adopted nephew of sculptor Henry Kirke Brown. He was raised in Newburgh, New York and attended the National Academy of Design in New York City. He became known for historically accurate realist sculptures illustrating American history.

Bush-Brown married Margaret White Lesley, also a painter, with whom he had three surviving children; their daughter, Lydia, became a noted designer.

Henry K. Bush-Brown was the first president of the Arts Club of Washington.

Isaac Hull
Commodore Isaac Hull (March 9, 1773 – February 13, 1843) was a United States Navy officer who served in the Quasi-War, Barbary Wars and War of 1812. During his military career, he commanded the warships USS Argus, USS Chesapeake, USS President, and USS Constitution. During the War of 1812, Hull, commanding Constitution, captured the British frigate HMS Guerriere. He also served as commandant of the Washington Navy Yard and in the Mediterranean Squadron during the Second Barbary War. Hull died in Philadelphia at the age of 69 and was interred at the Laurel Hill Cemetery.
Foreign Correspondents Club of Malaysia
The Foreign Correspondents Club of Malaysia (FCCM) is a non-profit organization in Malaysia. It was established in 2011 to aid foreign correspondents working in Malaysia. FCCM is a member of the Asia-Pacific Association of Press Clubs, and is currently serving as the Association's first vice-president. FCCM's main focus is to improve the working environment of journalists working for foreign-based news organizations, which includes negotiation for better access to government events, as well as sharing important information.

FCCM organizes regular briefings, debates, and other activities.

Correspondent
A correspondent or on-the-scene reporter is usually a journalist or commentator for a magazine, or an agent who contributes reports to a newspaper, or radio or television news, or another type of company, from a remote, often distant, location. A foreign correspondent is stationed in a foreign country. The term "correspondent" refers to the original practice of filing news reports via postal letter. The largest networks of correspondents belong to ARD (Germany) and BBC (UK).
Bryan Gick
Bryan Gick is an American-Canadian linguist and researcher in the fields of linguistics, articulatory phonetics, and motor control.
Since 1999, he has been a Professor at the University of British Columbia in the Department of Linguistics. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a Guggenheim Scholar, and is a senior researcher of Haskins laboratories at Yale University.

Gick has published works in the domain of multi-sensory integration in speech perception and the role of posture in structures underlying fine motor skills (such as the tongue). He has advocated for the integration of embodied cognition into Linguistic subfields such as phonetics and phonology.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Petit Tube
Petit Tube is a French website that searches through an algorithm for unwatched YouTube videos and displays them on the website, cycling through content to display and allowing people to view videos that would have otherwise been seen by little or none. The website was launched in 2011. Its founder is Yann van der Cruyssen, a French digital artist.

Below the video, there were options allowing viewers to vote on videos, Cette vidéo est bien (This video is good) and Cette vidéo n'est pas bien (This video is not good).

Digital art
Digital art, or the digital arts, is artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentational process. It can also refer to computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe digital art, including computer art, electronic art, multimedia art, and new media art. Digital art includes pieces stored on physical media, such as with digital painting, as well as digital galleries on websites. Digital art also extends to the field of visual computing.
Ashpan Annie
Ashpan Annie (January 25, 1916 – July 18, 2010) was the name given to Anne M. Welsh (née Liggins), a "Halifax Explosion" survivor.

At the time she was 23 months old. Her brother Edwin and mother Anne were killed in the blast, which leveled most of the north Barrington Street structure. She was blown under the kitchen stove, where the still warm ashes in the ashpan kept her alive until she was rescued by a soldier, Sgt Davies, and his dog, along with a neighbour, Mr Henneberry, who was looking for his own family who had lived nearby some 26 hours later.

Her father, Pte Edward, was a soldier who was overseas at the time. She was taken to the Pine Hill Convalescent Hospital, where she was discovered by her grandmother and aunt.

She worked as a laundry worker at a young age, married and raised her own family. Her husband, Angus Welsh, died in the 1990s.

She lived most of her life in the Hydrostone district. She died at The Berkeley, Gladstone Ridge, in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Barrington Street
Barrington Street is a major street in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, running from the MacKay Bridge in the North End approximately 7 km south, through Downtown Halifax to Inglis Street in the South End. Its civic numbers range from 950 to 4756 on the Halifax Peninsula street grid numbering system.

Barrington Street is centrally located within the original Halifax street grid, laid out in the 18th century. It remains one of the main streets of the city and is home to numerous shops, office buildings, and the Halifax City Hall.
Dairy cattle evaluation
Dairy cattle evaluation is the process of placing a group of dairy cows in order from most to least desirable based on milk production and longevity, where each animal is compared against the "ideal" animal. Dairy cattle are evaluated based on physical traits that equate to high milk production, with slight variations between different breeds. Dairy cattle evaluation is primarily used by producers to select the best cows to keep in the herd.

Guernsey cattle
The Guernsey is a breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey in the Channel Islands. It is fawn or red-and-white in colour, and is hardy and docile. The milk is rich in flavour, high in milk-fat and milk protein, and has a high content of β-carotene which gives it a golden-yellow tinge. It is one of three Channel Island cattle breeds, the others being the Alderney – now extinct – and the Jersey.
Khan Variations
Khan Variations is a musical composition for 5 octave marimba written by Alejandro Viñao in 2001. The piece was commissioned by twelve percussion educators, including Michael Burritt, Nancy Zeltsman, Robert van Sice, and Gordon Stout. It is structured as an uninterrupted set of 8 rhythmic variations lasting approximately 10 minutes and is considered one of the most challenging works in the marimba repertoire, both from a technical and musical point of view.

The piece has featured in the repertoire of many international marimba competitions such as the International Marimba Competition, the Taiwan Marimba Competition, and the  Percussive Arts Society marimba competition. Khan Variations has been recorded by a number of artists and was featured on the album Percussive Counterpoint by Svet Stoyanov.

Variation (music)
In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form. The changes may involve melody, rhythm, harmony, counterpoint, timbre, orchestration or any combination of these.

Variation is often contrasted with musical development, which is a slightly different means to the same end. Variation depends upon one type of presentation at a time, while development is carried out upon portions of material treated in many different presentations and combinations at a time.
Osoblaha
Osoblaha (Czech pronunciation: [ˈosoblaɦa]; German: Hotzenplotz, Polish: Osobłoga) is a municipality and village in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Moravian-Silesian Region
The Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech: Moravskoslezský kraj) is one of the 14 administrative regions of the Czech Republic. Before May 2001, it was called the Ostrava Region (Czech: Ostravský kraj). The region is located in the north-eastern part of its historical region of Moravia and in most of the Czech part of the historical region of Silesia. The region borders the Olomouc Region to the west and the Zlín Region to the south. It also borders two other countries – Poland (Opole and Silesian Voivodeships) to the north and Slovakia (Žilina Region) to the east.

It is a highly industrialized region, its capital Ostrava was actually called the "Steel Heart of the Republic". In addition, it has several mountainous areas where the landscape is relatively preserved. Nowadays, the economy of the region benefits from its location in the Czech/Polish/Slovak borderlands.
Kristan (given name)
Kristan is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Kristan Bromley (born 1972), British skeleton racer

Kristan Cunningham, American actress and interior designer

Kristan Higgins, American author

Kristan Kennedy (born 1972), American artist, curator, and educator

Kristan Singleton (born 1971), United States Virgin Islands swimmer

Kristan Caryl (born 1984), British journalist

Kristan von Waldenfels (born 2000), German politician

Kristan Higgins
Kristan Higgins is an American writer. She is a New York Times, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, and Publishers Weekly bestselling American author of humorous contemporary romance. She is a three-time winner of Romance Writers of America's RITA Award and a five-time nominee for the Kirkus Prize for Best Work of Fiction.
1916 Bradford Central by-election
The 1916 Bradford Central by-election was held on 21 January 1916.  The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir George Scott Robertson.  It was won by the Liberal candidate James Hill, who was unopposed.

Bradford Central
Bradford Central was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Elections were held under the first-past-the-post voting system.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, when the Redistribution of Seats Act split the two-member Bradford constituency into three single-seat divisions. It was abolished for the 1955 general election.
Stuart Wright (rugby league)
Stuart Wright (born 19 March 1950) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Lancashire, and at club level for Wigan and Widnes, as a wing.

Central Park (Wigan)
Central Park was a rugby league stadium in Wigan, England, which was the home of Wigan RLFC before the club moved to the JJB Stadium in 1999. Its final capacity was 18,000. The site is now a Tesco supermarket and car park.
Dumeni Solomon Hawala
Angula Dumeni Solomon "Jesus" Hawala (19 August 1935 – 11 August 2025) was a Namibian Army lieutenant general. Hawala was the deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia before independence. He earned the nickname "Butcher of Lubango" for allegedly running detainee camps of SWAPO opponents in the southern Angolan city of Lubango during the Namibian War of Independence. Upon independence in 1990, Hawala was appointed Army Commander in the Namibian Defence Force (NDF). In 2000 he replaced Dimo Hamaambo as head of the NDF. He retired in October 2006 and was replaced by Martin Shalli.

Lubango
Lubango, formerly known as Sá da Bandeira, is a municipality in Angola, capital of the Huíla Province, with a population of 890,384 in 2024. The city center had a population of 600,751 in 2014 making it the second-most populous city in Angola after the capital city Luanda.
Hearts of the West
Hearts of the West, released in Europe as Hollywood Cowboy, is a 1975 American comedy film directed by Howard Zieff, released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and starring Jeff Bridges, Andy Griffith, Blythe Danner, and Alan Arkin. A remake of 1932's Make Me a Star, its story revolves around a wannabe Western writer who finds himself cast as a leading man in several 1930s Hollywood B-movie Westerns.

Despite good reviews, the film was a financial  disappointment for MGM upon release in 1975, but it has since developed a significant cult following from midnight showings and college campus screenings.

Screenwriter Rob Thompson launched his career with this film. He went on to be a major creative talent on the television series Northern Exposure (for which he won an Emmy) and Monk.

Rob Thompson (director)
Rob Thompson is an American television director, producer and screenwriter.

As a director, his most notable credits include L.A. Law, The Wonder Years, Doogie Howser, M.D., Dream On, Ed, The Chris Isaak Show, Monk and Northern Exposure. He won a Primetime Emmy Award for his work in the latter series as a part of the producing and writing team in 1992.
2010 Antipolo local elections
Local elections was held in Antipolo on May 10, 2010, within the Philippine general election. The voters elected candidates for the elective local posts in the city: the mayor, vice mayor, the two district congressmen, two provincial board members of Rizal, one for each district, and the sixteen councilors, eight in each of the city's districts.

Jestoni Alarcon
Anthony Jesus Solero Alarcon (born January 10, 1964), known professionally as Jestoni Alarcon, is a Filipino actor and politician. He served as a councilor in Antipolo from 2001 to 2004 and as the vice governor of Rizal from 2004 to 2007. In 2013, he won as a board member of the 1st District of Rizal. He also received the Eastwood City Walk of Fame star in 2014, for his success and accomplishments in the show business.
Getmail
getmail is a simple mail retrieval agent intended as a replacement for fetchmail, implemented in Python. It can retrieve mail from POP3, IMAP4, and Standard Dial-up POP3 Service servers, with or without SSL.  It supports simple and domain (multidrop) mailboxes, mail filtering via any arbitrary program, and supports a wide variety of mail destination types, including mboxrd, maildir, and external arbitrary mail delivery agents. It also has a simpler configuration syntax than fetchmail, but supports fewer authentication protocols. The software can also function as a basic mail delivery agent.

Getmail is free software and is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2.  It is written and maintained by Charles Cazabon.

The original getmail software requires Python 2, which is no longer supported. A fork named getmail6, which is not from getmail's original author, provides Python 3 support.

Mbox
MBOX is a generic term for a family of related file formats used for holding collections of email messages. It was first implemented in Fifth Edition Unix.

All messages in an MBOX (mailbox) file are concatenated and stored as plain text in a single file. Each message starts with the four characters "From" followed by a space (the so-called "From_ line") and the sender's email address. RFC 4155 defines that a UTC timestamp follows after another separating space character.

A format similar to mbox is the MH Message Handling System. Other systems, such as Microsoft Exchange Server and the Cyrus IMAP server, store mailboxes in centralized databases managed by the mail system and not directly accessible by individual users. The maildir mailbox format is often cited as an alternative to the mbox format for networked email storage systems.
Taractrocera ina
Taractrocera ina, the ina grassdart or no-brand grass-dart, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in northern, central and eastern Australia in scattered localities, south to western New South Wales and Papua New Guinea.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

The larvae feed on Cymbopogon citrata, Paspalum urvillei, Urochloa decumbens, Sorghum verticilliflorum, Paspalum conjugatum, Panicum maximum and Oryza sativa. It constructs a tubular shelter made of the leaves of its host plant.

Paspalum urvillei
Paspalum urvillei is a species of grass known by the common name Vasey's grass, or Vasey grass. It is native to South America, and it is known in parts of North America as an introduced species. It is also naturalised in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China, and southern Africa, including Madagascar. It is a noxious weed where it has been introduced in Hawaii and New Caledonia. It grows well in disturbed habitat, often in moist areas. This is a rhizomatous perennial grass which may reach 2 meters tall. The leaves are up to 2.5 centimeters wide and have a large, noticeable ligule. The inflorescence is a spreading or drooping array of up to 20
Tara E. Brendle
Tara Elise Brendle FRSE is an American mathematician who works in geometric group theory, which involves the intersection of algebra and low-dimensional topology.  In particular, she studies mapping class group of surfaces, including braid groups, and their relationship to automorphism groups of free groups and arithmetic groups. She is a professor of mathematics and head of mathematics at the University of Glasgow.

Braid group
In mathematics, the braid group on n strands (denoted ), also known as the Artin braid group, is the group whose elements are equivalence classes of n-braids (e.g. under ambient isotopy), and whose group operation is composition of braids (see § Introduction). Example applications of braid groups include knot theory, where any knot may be represented as the closure of certain braids (a result known as Alexander's theorem); in mathematical physics where Artin's canonical presentation of the braid group corresponds to the Yang–Baxter equation (see § Basic properties); and in monodromy invariants of algebraic geometry.
Cadent Gas
Cadent Gas  is a British regional gas distribution company that owns, operates and maintains the largest natural gas distribution network in the United Kingdom, transporting gas to 11 million homes and businesses across North West England, West Midlands, East Midlands, East of England and North London.

East of England
The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of ITL for statistical purposes.  It consists of the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The northern part of the region, consisting of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, is known as East Anglia. The latter region has been considered an informal region in its own right due to its differing cultural identity.

The population of the East of England in 2024 was 6,576,306. Bedford, Luton, Basildon, Peterborough, Southend-on-Sea, Norwich, Ipswich, Colchester, Chelmsford and Cambridge are the most populous settlements. Peterborough is the largest city in the East of England at 215,000. The southern part of the region lies in the London commuter belt.
Šanac
Šanac (Serbian: Шанац) is a village north of the town of Kruševac. It is situated along the left bank of the river Zapadna Morava. The name Šanac is derived from the Serbian word for trench (Serbian: шанч), referring to the trenches built on the hill above the village to defend against the Ottomans. Until the Second Serbian Uprising in 1815, the village was part of Ottoman Serbia.

The same happened in Petrovaradin, where trenches were built overlooking Petrovaradin to defend against incursions by the Ottoman Turks.

Second Serbian Uprising
The Second Serbian Uprising was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re-annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire in 1813. The occupation was enforced following the defeat of the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813), during which Serbia existed as a de facto independent state for over a decade. The second revolution ultimately resulted in Serbian semi-independence from the Ottoman Empire. The Principality of Serbia was established, governed by its own parliament, constitution and royal dynasty. De jure independence, however, was attained in 1878, following the decisions of the Congress of Berlin.
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba candidates in the 1995 Manitoba provincial election
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1995 provincial election.  Thirty-one of these candidates were elected, giving the party its second consecutive majority government.  Many candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.

1995 Manitoba general election
The 1995 Manitoba general election was held on April 25, 1995 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Progressive Conservative Party, which won 31 seats out of 57, clinched the elections.  The New Democratic Party formed the official opposition with 23 seats; the Liberal Party won 3.