hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake
The Chūetsu offshore earthquake (新潟県中越沖地震, Niigata-ken Chūgoshi Oki Jishin) was a powerful magnitude 6.6 earthquake that occurred 10:13 local time (01:13 UTC) on July 16, 2007, in the northwest Niigata Prefecture of Japan. The earthquake, which occurred at a previously unknown offshore fault shook Niigata and neighbouring prefectures. The city of Kashiwazaki and the villages of Iizuna and Kariwa registered the highest seismic intensity of a strong 6 on Japan's shindo scale, and the quake was felt as far away as Tokyo. Eleven deaths and at least 1,000 injuries were reported, and 342 buildings were completely destroyed, mostly older wooden structures. Prime Minister Shinzō Abe broke off from his election campaign to visit Kashiwazaki and promised to "make every effort towards rescue and also to restore services such as gas and electricity".

Kariwa
Kariwa (刈羽村, Kariwa-mura) is a village located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the village had an estimated population of 4,578 in 1613 households, and a population density of 174 persons per km². The total area of the village was 26.27 square kilometres (10.14 sq mi).
Jesse Marco
Jesse Marco (born 1988) is a DJ/producer/turntablist and model from New York City. Being introduced to the music industry by Mark Ronson and mentored by the late DJ AM, Marco now holds residencies at a number of prominent nightclubs and has performed at events for celebrity clients including Jay-Z and Heidi Klum. Additionally, Marco has played at fashion events for designers including Tom Ford, Giorgio Armani and Alexander Wang.

Marco made his on-screen debut in 2012 playing himself as the DJ in Todd Phillips' party film Project X and has since appeared on the Jimmy Kimmel Show alongside Kid Cudi, promoting Cudi's Rock the Bells tour, which Marco was tour DJ for.

Todd Phillips
Todd Phillips (born Todd Philip Bunzl; December 19, 1970) is an American filmmaker. Phillips began his career in 1993 and directed films in the 2000s such as Road Trip, Old School, Starsky & Hutch, and School for Scoundrels. He came to wider prominence in the early 2010s for directing The Hangover film series. In 2019, he co-wrote and directed the psychological thriller film Joker, based on the DC Comics character of the same name, which premiered at the 76th Venice International Film Festival where it received the top prize, the Golden Lion. Joker went on to earn Phillips three Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay, with his co-writer Scott Silver, his second, third, and fourth Academy Award nominations after also being nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for Borat at the 79th Academy Awards.
Anterolateral ligament
The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is a ligament on the lateral aspect of the human knee, anterior to the fibular collateral ligament.

Perhaps the earliest account of the ALL was written by French surgeon Paul Segond in 1879, in which he described a ligamentous structure between the lateral femur and tibia.

Claes and Bellemans (2013) found that the ALL originates at the lateral epicondyle of the femur, and inserts at the anterolateral aspect of the proximal tibia. However, Vincent et al. (2012) reported the origin to be the lateral femoral condyle.

Tibia
The tibia (/ˈtɪbiə/; pl.: tibiae /ˈtɪbii/ or tibias), also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply the shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.
Elliott baronets
The Elliott Baronetcy, of Limpsfield in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 21 June 1917 for the civil servant Sir Thomas Elliott, KCB,. He was Secretary to the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries from 1892 to 1913.

Limpsfield
Limpsfield is a village and civil parish in Surrey, England, at the foot of the North Downs close to Oxted railway station and the A25. The composer Frederick Delius, orchestral conductor Sir Thomas Beecham and clarinettist Jack Brymer are buried in the village churchyard.  The village contains 89 listed buildings.
Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov
Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov or Tschuprov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Чупро́в; February 18, 1874 – April 19, 1926) was a Russian statistician who worked on mathematical statistics, sample survey theory and demography.

Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory.
Haukur Pálsson
Haukur Helgi Briem Pálsson (born 18 May 1992) is an Icelandic basketball player for Úrvalsdeild karla club Álftanes and the Icelandic national team. With Iceland, he participated at the EuroBasket in 2015 and 2017.

EuroBasket
EuroBasket, also commonly called the European Basketball Championship, is the main international basketball competition for the senior men's national teams of primarily European countries. It is held every four years and organised by FIBA Europe, the European zone of FIBA, the International Basketball Federation.

The competition was first held in 1935. The former Soviet Union holds the record for most gold medals with 14. The tournament is generally held in August or September, in the offseason of major club competitions. The current champion is Germany, who won the 2025 title.
Douma District
Douma District (Arabic: منطقة دوما, romanized: manṭiqat Dūmā) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria.

The second largest district of Syria following Tadmur, it stretches from the northeastern outskirts of Metropolitan Damascus to the Jordanian border, covering large swaths of the sparsely inhabited Syrian Desert. The administrative centre is the city of Douma, located just some 10 km (6 mi) to the northeast of Damascus.

At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 433,719.

Palmyra District
Palmyra District (Arabic: منطقة تدمر, romanized: manṭiqat Tadmur) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Palmyra (Tadmur), near ancient Palmyra. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 76,942.
Thubten Samphel
Thubten Samphel (Standard Tibetan: ཐུབ་བསྟན་བསམ་འཕེལ; 2 November 1956 – 4 June 2022) was a Tibetan writer, journalist, and government official. He worked as a secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was a spokesperson of the Central Tibetan Administration, based in Dharamshala. He also worked for the administration's think tank, Tibet Policy Institute.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Shovel Headed Kill Machine
Shovel Headed Kill Machine is the seventh studio album by the American thrash metal band Exodus, released on October 4, 2005 through Nuclear Blast. It's the first album to feature new vocalist Rob Dukes, after the departure of Steve "Zetro" Souza during the band's South American tour in support of the band's previous album Tempo of the Damned. It is also the band's first studio album not to feature Rick Hunolt on guitars, with Lee Altus as his replacement, and the only Exodus album to feature Paul Bostaph on drums after Tom Hunting's second departure as a result of the reoccurrence of the illness that prompted him to depart in 1989. Shovel Headed Kill Machine sold over 3,000 copies in its first week of release in the U.S.

Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.
IKBKG
NF-kappa-B essential modulator (NEMO) also known as inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit gamma (IKK-γ) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKBKG gene. NEMO is a subunit of the IκB kinase complex that activates NF-κB.  The human gene for IKBKG is located on the chromosome band Xq28. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Xq28
Xq28 is a chromosome band and genetic marker situated at the tip of the X chromosome which has been studied since at least 1980. The band contains three distinct regions, totaling about 8 Mbp of genetic information. The marker came to the public eye in 1993 when studies by Dean Hamer and others indicated a link between the Xq28 marker and male sexual orientation.
1988 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
The Senior men's race at the 1988 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Auckland, New Zealand, at the Ellerslie Racecourse on March 26, 1988. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medallists,
 and the results of British athletes were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
1987–88 Challenge Cup
The 1988 Challenge Cup was the 87th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, the final was contested by Wigan and Halifax at Wembley. Wigan won the match 32–12.

Silk Cut
Silk Cut is a British brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Gallaher Group, a subsidiary of Japan Tobacco. The packaging is characterised by a distinctive stark white packet with the brand name in a purple, blue, red, silver, white or green square.
M (Peter Robb book)
M is a book by Australian author Peter Robb about the Italian painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. First published in 1998 in Australia by Duffy & Snellgrove, the book provoked controversy when it was published in Britain in 2000. It was published in the United States as M: The Man Who Became Caravaggio (New York: Henry Holt, 2000).

M won the (Australian) National Biography Award and the Victorian Premier's Award.

Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt. The company publishes in the fields of American and international fiction, biography, history, politics, science, psychology, health, and children's literature. In the U.S., it operates under Macmillan Publishers.
Sidney Dean Townley
Sidney Dean Townley (April 10, 1867 – March 18, 1946) was an American astronomer and geodeticist. He was a professor at Stanford University from 1911 until 1932. Among many other posts, Townley served as an instructor of astronomy at the University of Michigan and the University of California, Berkeley he was also the president of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1916. Throughout the course of his career he published around 100 academic papers and edited many more, he was recognized for his excellent editorial skills.

Lick Observatory
The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of California. It is on the summit of Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, United States. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories, with headquarters on the University of California, Santa Cruz campus, where its scientific staff moved in the mid-1960s. It is named after James Lick, who donated the funds for its construction.

The first new moon of Jupiter to be identified since the time of Galileo, Amalthea, the planet's fifth moon, was discovered at this observatory in 1892.
2 Samuel 16
2 Samuel 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Jerusalem. This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 9–20 and continued to 1 Kings 1–2 which deal with the power struggles among David's sons to succeed David's throne until 'the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon' (1 Kings 2:46).

1 Kings 1
1 Kings 1 is the first chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 1 to 11). The focus of this chapter is the reign of David and Solomon, the kings of Israel.
Expiatory Chapel of Monza
The Expiatory Chapel in Monza is a monument-chapel built to atone and commemorate the site at which the king Umberto I of Italy was murdered on July 29, 1900, by the anarchist Gaetano Bresci. It stands near the entrance to the Royal Villa of Monza in Via Matteo da Campione. Umberto's son Vittorio Emanuele III commissioned the aged architect Giuseppe Sacconi, and the work was completed by his pupil Guido Cirilli in 1910. Obelisk-like crosses emerge from a stone chapel, and are surmounted by bronze crown and royal symbols of the House of Savoy. The entrance is surmounted by a Pietà by the sculptor Lodovico Pogliaghi.

There is another such expiatory chapel to atone for a regicide, the Chapelle expiatoire in Paris, built to atone for the execution of Louis XVI.

Chapelle expiatoire
The Chapelle expiatoire (French pronunciation: [ʃapɛl ɛkspjatwaʁ], "Expiatory Chapel") is a Roman Catholic chapel located in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. The chapel was constructed by Louis XVIII on the grounds where King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette had been buried after they had been guillotined, and it is  dedicated to them as an expiation for that act. The remains of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are not in the chapel; they are in the Basilica of Saint-Denis, near Paris, with other French monarchs.

A commemorative mass is celebrated in the chapel every year on the Sunday closest to 21 January, the anniversary of the death of Louis XVI.

The closest métro station is Saint-Augustin  .
Glycyphagidae
Glycyphagidae is a family of mites in the  order Astigmata. There are more than 25 genera and 100 described species in Glycyphagidae.

The natural habitat of most species of this family is nests of rodents, insectivores, and opossums, although many now live among humans in stored food or housing.

Astigmatina
Astigmatina is a clade of mites in the order Sarcoptiformes. Astigmata has been ranked as an order or suborder in the past, but was lowered to the unranked clade Astigmatina of the clade Desmonomatides (synonym Desmonomata) in the order. Astigmatina is now made up of the two groups Acaridia and Psoroptidia, which have been suborders of the order Astigmata in the past. Astigmatina contains about 10 superfamilies and 76 families under Acaridia and Psoroptidia.
Noble Peak
Noble Peak (64°48′S 63°25′W﻿ / ﻿64.800°S 63.417°W﻿ / -64.800; -63.417) is a peak in the Comer Range, 720 m, standing 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) southwest of Lockley Point and marking the northeast end of a prominent ridge on the northwest side of Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. Discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache. The name appears on a chart based on a 1927 survey by DI personnel on the Discovery, but may reflect on earlier naming.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Noble Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Palmer Archipelago
Palmer Archipelago, also known as Antarctic Archipelago, Archipiélago Palmer, Antarktiske Arkipel or Palmer Inseln, is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends from Tower Island in the north to Anvers Island in the south. It is separated by the Gerlache and Bismarck straits from the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilhelm Archipelago, respectively. The archipelago is in the British, Chilean, and Argentine Claims.

Palmer Archipelago is located at 64°15′S 62°50′W﻿ / ﻿64.250°S 62.833°W﻿ / -64.250; -62.833.
Ajoy Bose
Ajoy Bose (born 1952) is a Bengali-Indian author, political journalist and television commentator. His books include For Reasons of State: Delhi under Emergency (1977, written with John Dayal) on the Emergency; The Shah Commission Begins (1978, with Dayal); Behenji (2009), a biography of Indian politician and social reformer Mayawati; and Across the Universe: The Beatles in India (2018).

His writing has appeared in the publications Scroll.in, Quartz, Outlook, Economic and Political Weekly and Firstpost. In 2021, he made his directorial debut with the documentary film The Beatles and India. He has worked as a resident commentator for CNN-News18.

Bose grew up in Calcutta.

CNN-News18
CNN News18 is an Indian English-language news television channel founded by Raghav Bahl based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is currently co-owned by Network18 Group and Warner Bros. Discovery. CNN provides international coverage for the channel, while Indian Broadcasting Network concentrates on Indian and local reports.

In May 2014, Reliance Industries announced it would be taking over Network18 Group. The move was touted as "the biggest-ever deal in the Indian media space". Reliance Industries already had indirect control of the TV18 network by virtue of investments it made in Network18 starting from January 2012.
Alfred Lister
Alfred Lister was the Registrar-General of Hong Kong and Colonial Treasurer of Hong Kong.

During his post as acting Registrar General, he visited the I-ts'z during an inspection. He was shocked by the poor condition of the house, which created a public scandal. Governor Richard Graves MacDonnell instructed Lister and other officers to clear out the building and sent the inmates to the Government Civil Hospital. Lister’s observations and misinterpretation of the conventional role of the I-ts’z meant that the colonial government’s policy of non-intervention in Chinese affairs was no longer feasible. A Commission of Inquiry included Lister was formed in May 1866 to investigate the possibility to form a Chinese hospital, which later became the Tung Wah Hospital. In 1883, he was appointed Colonial Treasurer of Hong Kong.

Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs
The Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs is the head of the Home and Youth Affairs Bureau of the Government of Hong Kong, which is responsible for local issues, and the provision of community and youth services.
Narendra Singh Khalsa
Narendra Singh Khalsa is a Sikh Afghan politician. In January 2019, he secured a seat in the Lower House of the Parliament (Wolesi Jirga) in the 2018 Afghan parliamentary election, on behalf of the Sikh and Hindu communities.

He is the son of Awtar Singh Khalsa, a Sikh representative to the Loya Jirga from Paktia province of Afghanistan. His father Awtar Singh died in the September 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing.

On 22 August 2021, Khalsa came to India along with other Indians who were rescued by Indian forces from Afghanistan due to Taliban Siege of Afghanistan 2021. In April 2024, Khalsa returned to Afghanistan after being assured of his safety and property under the Taliban government.

2018 Afghan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Afghanistan on Saturday 20 October 2018 to elect members of the House of the People. 3,296,643 people voted, 42% of registered voters. They had originally been scheduled for 15 October 2016, but were initially postponed to 7 July 2018, and then again to 20 October. Much of the prelude to the elections focused on the debate over reforming the country's electoral laws. The current system is one of single non-transferable vote. Kandahar's election was held on 27 October. Polls were also delayed in Ghazni, due to an intensifying Taliban insurgency in the province, and as of September 2020 still have not been held. The new Parliament was inaugurated on 26 April 2019.
GDES
In cryptography, the Generalized DES Scheme (GDES or G-DES) is a variant of the DES symmetric-key block cipher designed with the intention of speeding up the encryption process while improving its security. The scheme was proposed by Ingrid Schaumuller-Bichl in 1981.

In 1990, Eli Biham and Adi Shamir showed that GDES was vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis, and that any GDES variant faster than DES is also less secure than DES.

GDES generalizes the Feistel network structure of DES to larger block sizes. In each round, the DES round function is applied to the rightmost 32-bit subblock, and the result is XORed with all the other parts. Then the block is rotated 32 bits to the right.

Symmetric-key algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys. The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link. The requirement that both parties have access to the secret key is one of the main drawbacks of symmetric-key encryption, in comparison to asymmetric-key encryption (also known as public-key encryption). However, symmetric-key encryption algorithms are usually better for bulk encryption. With exception of the one-time pad they have a smaller key size, which means less storage space and faster transmission. Due to this, asymmetric-key encryption is often used to exchange the secret key for symmetric-key encryption.