hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battery LeRoy
Battery LeRoy is a historic artillery battery located at James Island, Charleston, South Carolina. It was built in 1863, and designed to protect lower James Island. At the end of the war this battery mounted four guns. The earthen redoubt measures approximately 340 feet on its right face, 140 feet on the center face and 160 feet on the left face. It has a 15-foot-high parapet wall and a slightly higher powder magazine.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

James Island, South Carolina
James Island is a town in Charleston County, South Carolina, United States. It is located in the central and southern parts of James Island. James Island is included within the Charleston, South Carolina metropolitan area and the Charleston Urbanized Area.

As of the 2020 census, James Island had a population of 11,621.
Sainte-Orse
Sainte-Orse (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿ɔʁs]; Occitan: Senta Orsa) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. The church of Saint Ursus (Saint Ours) dates from the 11th-12th century. The castle dates from the 15th-16th century.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
Margaret E. Martin
Margaret E. Martin (May 6, 1912 – May 16, 2012) was an economist and statistician at the U.S. Bureau of the Budget from 1942 to 1973.  She was influential in the development of U.S. economic statistics and became president of the American Statistical Association.

American Statistical Association
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is the main professional organization for statisticians and related professionals in the United States. It was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, on November 27, 1839, and is the second-oldest continuously operating professional society in the U.S. behind the Massachusetts Medical Society (founded in 1781). ASA services statisticians, quantitative scientists, and users of statistics across many academic areas and applications. The association publishes a variety of journals and sponsors several international conferences every year.
Şırnak Province
Şırnak Province (Turkish: Şırnak ili, Kurdish: Parêzgeha Şirnex) is a province in Turkey in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. Şırnak Province was created in 1990, with areas that were formerly part of the Siirt, Hakkâri and Mardin Provinces. It borders both Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Syria. The current Governor of the province is Cevdet Atay.

The province had a population of 570,745 in 2023. Its area is 7,078 km2. It encompasses 19 municipalities, 240 villages and 192 hamlets.

Considered part of Turkish Kurdistan, the province has a Kurdish majority.

Wali (administrative title)
Wāli, Wā'lī or vali (from Arabic: والي Wālī) is an administrative title that was used in the Muslim world (including the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates and the Ottoman Empire) to designate governors of administrative divisions. It is still in use in some countries influenced by Arab or Muslim culture. The division that a Wāli governs is called Wilayah, or Vilayet (Ottoman Empire).
Traoré
Traoré or Traore is a surname of Manding origin (Bambara: Taara-oray), as written in French orthography, which is common in Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Guinea. In anglophone West Africa the name is often spelled Trawally.

Manding languages
The Manding languages (sometimes spelt Manden, and archaically Mandingo) are a dialect continuum within the Niger-Congo family spoken in West Africa. Varieties of Manding are generally considered (among native speakers) to be mutually intelligible – dependent on exposure or familiarity with dialects between speakers – and spoken by around 37 million people in the countries Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Mali, Liberia, Ivory Coast and The Gambia. Their best-known members are Mandinka or Mandingo, the principal language of The Gambia; Bambara, the most widely spoken language in Mali; Maninka or Malinké, a major language of Guinea and Mali; and Jula, a trade language of Ivory Coast and western Burkina Faso. Manding is part of the larger Mandé family of languages.
Hotarele
Hotarele is a commune located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Hotarele. Until 2004, it included Isvoarele, Teiușu, Herăști, and Miloșești villages; the first two were split off that year to form Isvoarele Commune, and the second two to form Herăști Commune.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Mikhail Alekseyenko
Mikhail Martynovich Alexeyenko (Russian: Михаи́л Марты́нович Алексе́енко) (February 5, 1847 – February 18, 1917) was a lawyer in the Russian Empire. He was a professor of finance law, public figure, member of the State Duma of the Russian Empire of 3rd and 4th convocations (by the list from the Union of October 17), and rector of the Kharkov University (1890–1897).

Union of October 17
The Union of 17 October (Russian: Союз 17 Октября, Soyuz 17 Oktyabrya), commonly known as the Octobrist Party (Russian: Октябристы, Oktyabristy), was a liberal-reformist constitutional monarchist political party in late Imperial Russia. It represented moderately right-wing, anti-revolutionary and constitutionalist views.
2017 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix – Singles
Angelique Kerber was the two-time defending champion, but she lost in the second round to Kristina Mladenovic.

Laura Siegemund won the title, defeating Mladenovic in the final, 6–1, 2–6, 7–6(7–5).

As a result of Kerber's loss, Serena Williams regained the world No. 1 ranking, despite being on pregnancy leave. This tournament also marked the return of Maria Sharapova to the WTA Tour, after serving a 15-month suspension for doping offences.

Jeļena Ostapenko
Jeļena "Aļona" Ostapenko (born 8 June 1997) is a Latvian professional tennis player. She has been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) as high as world No. 5 in singles, which she achieved on 19 March 2018, and No. 3 in doubles, attained on 14 July 2025. She is the current No. 1 singles player from Latvia, on both categories.

Ostapenko has won nine WTA Tour-level singles and twelve doubles titles, including a singles major at the 2017 French Open and a doubles major at the 2024 US Open, partnering Lyudmyla Kichenok. She has also won 15 singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, and the junior singles event at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. She is a member of the Latvia Billie Jean King Cup team.
Ambika Prasad Pandey
Ambika Prasad Pandey is an Indian former politician from Bharatiya Jan Sangh. He was elected as a member of the 6th Lok Sabha from Banda. He contested the 1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election but lost. He was imprisoned for about 4 months under the emergency Defence of India Rules.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh; lit. 'All-India People's Union') was a Hindutva political party active in India. It was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre, and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980, the members of the erstwhile Jan Sangh quit Janata Party after its defeat in the 1980 general election and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh. In Bihar, Ramdeo Mahto considered as founding leader of Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar, because he brought BJP Into the power in Bihar, he elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency.
Rikus Pretorius
Rikus Pretorius (born (1999-01-15)15 January 1999) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Kubota Spears. His regular position is centre.

Pretorius made his Currie Cup debut for Western Province in August 2019, starting their Round Seven match of the 2019 season against the Free State Cheetahs.

Currie Cup
The Currie Cup (Afrikaans: Curriebeker) is South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition featuring teams representing either entire provinces or substantial regions within provinces. The Currie Cup dates back to 1891.
Ongole Assembly constituency
Ongole Assembly constituency is a constituency in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Ongole Lok Sabha constituency.

Damacharla Janardhana Rao is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections from Telugu Desam Party with a vote majority of 34,206. As of 2019, there are a total of 229,317 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Tanpura
The tanpura (Sanskrit: तंबूरा, romanized: Taṃbūrā; also referred to as tambura, tanpuri, tamboura, or tanpoura) is a long-necked, plucked, four-stringed instrument originating in the Indian subcontinent, found in various forms in Indian music. Visually, the tanpura resembles a simplified sitar or similar lute-like instrument, and is likewise crafted out of a gourd or pumpkin.

The tanpura is not used to play a melody, but to support and sustain the performance of another musician or vocalist, as well as musicians accompanying a dance performance. The instrument's four strings are tuned to specific notes of a given scale or musical key, normally the fifth (Pa; Solfège, “So”) and the root tonic (Sa; “Do”), creating a drone effect. The strings are generally tuned 5-8-8-1. One of the three strings tuned to the tonic is thus an octave below the others, adding greater resonance and depth to the ambient drone.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Gelsemium rankinii
Gelsemium rankinii, the Rankin's trumpetflower or swamp jessamine, is a twining vine in the family Gelsemiaceae, native to the southeastern United States from Louisiana to the Carolinas.

Gelsemium rankinii is a vine that will climb over other vegetation to a height of 6 meters (20 feet) or more. It has glossy green leaves and groups of showy yellow flowers.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
1971 Pepsi-Cola Masters
The 1971 Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Coubertin Stadium in Paris, France.  It was the 2nd edition of the Masters Grand Prix and was the season-ending event of the 1971 Grand Prix circuit. The tournament consisted of a round robin competition for the seven highest points scorers of the Grand Prix circuit. John Newcombe and Ken Rosewall, players signed to the rival World Championship Circuit but who also took part in several Grand Prix tournaments, had qualified for the event but declined to participate. The tournament was held from 4 December until 12 December 1971 and was won by Ilie Năstase who earned the $15,000 first prize.

John Newcombe
John David Newcombe AO OBE (born 23 May 1944) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in both men's singles and men's doubles. Newcombe won a combined 26 major titles: seven in singles, a former record 17 in men's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. He also contributed to five Davis Cup titles for Australia during an age when the Davis Cup was deemed as significant as the majors.
Chit-Chat (TV program)
Chit-Chat is an Australian morning television program which aired 1967 on Melbourne station ATV-0 (now ATV-10 and part of Network Ten). It was a daytime interview program. It aired at 10:30AM, and aired against a test pattern on ABV-2, Lincoln Land (including Here's Humphrey) on GTV-9, and no programming on HSV-7.

ATV (Australian TV station)
ATV is a television station in Melbourne, Australia, part of Network 10 – one of the three major Australian free-to-air commercial television networks. The station is owned by Paramount Networks UK & Australia.
KAFD Grand Mosque
The KAFD Grand Mosque is a Friday mosque in the al-Aqeeq neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located within the King Abdullah Financial District. Built in 2017, the 6,103-square-metre (65,690 sq ft) structure sits on a large urban plaza that functions as a public space and, when needed, outdoor prayer area. Inside, the column-free space can accommodate 1,500 prayer spaces over two levels — a large central hall and a mezzanine. Designed by the Riyadh-based architecture and engineering firm Omrania and Associates, the mosque is inspired by the form of the desert rose.

Congregational mosque
A congregational mosque or Friday mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد جَامِع, romanized: masjid jāmi‘, or simply جَامِع, jāmi‘; Turkish: Cami), or sometimes great mosque or grand mosque (جامع كبير, jāmi‘ kabir; Ulu Cami), is a mosque for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as jumu'ah. It can also host the Eid prayers in situations when there is no musalla or eidgah available nearby to host the prayers. In early Islamic history, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area. In early centuries, the congregational mosque was also a center of social and public life, hosting various other activities in addition to prayers, such as judicial and educational functions.
Prasanna Acharya
Prasanna Acharya (born 8 August 1949) is an Indian politician from Odisha, India. He is a former member of parliament in the Rajya Sabha. He is a member of the Biju Janata Dal.

He is a state vice president of Biju Janata Dal. He is currently serving as the Deputy Leader of Opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly. He represents the Rairakhol Assembly constituency in the Sambalpur district.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Xanthoparmelia treurensis
Xanthoparmelia treurensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the lichenologists Mason Hale, Thomas Hawkes Nash III, and John Elix. The type specimen was collected by Hale from Pilgrims Rest (Transvaal) at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft), where it was found growing on sandstone in a coppice area. The species epithet treurensis refers to the Treur River, which is in the type locality. The lichen thallus is dark yellowish green and measures 6–8 cm (2.4–3.1 in) broad, comprising somewhat linear lobes that are 2–5 mm wide. It contains several lichen acids (secondary metabolites): stictic, constictic, cryptostictic, constipatic and usnic acids, as well as trace amounts of norstictic and connorstictic acids.

Mason Hale
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific American lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Mixed farming
Mixed farming is a type of farming which involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock.
Such agriculture occurs across Asia and in countries such as India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Afghanistan, South Africa, China, Central Europe, Nordic countries, Canada, and Russia. Though at first it mainly served domestic consumption, countries such as the United States and Japan now use it for commercial purposes.

The cultivation of crops alongside the rearing of animals for meat or eggs or milk defines mixed farming.
For example, a mixed farm may grow cereal crops, such as wheat or rye, and also keep cattle, sheep, pigs or poultry. Often the dung from the cattle serves to fertilize the crops. Also some of the crops might be used as fodder for the livestock. Before horses were commonly used for haulage, many young male cattle on such farms were often not butchered as surplus for meat but castrated and used as bullocks to haul the cart and the plough.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Emil Pavich
Emil Pavich (July 30, 1931 – May 6, 2005) was an American politician.

Emil Pavich was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, to parents Guy and Josephine. He graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1949. After serving during the Korean War with the United States Army, he worked for Kellogg's in Omaha, Nebraska, until 1991. He was elected to two terms on the Council Bluffs City Council, then served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.

He died on May 6, 2005, in Council Bluffs, Iowa, at age 73.

Thomas Jefferson High School (Council Bluffs, Iowa)
Thomas Jefferson High School is a public high school located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States. It is one of two high schools in the Council Bluffs Community School District.

The school was opened in 1922 to serve students on the west end of Council Bluffs.

In 1986, students from the ninth grade were moved from the junior high school system to the high school system. Prior to this, the high school taught only the 10th, 11th and 12th grades.
Amirabad, Miyan Jolgeh
Amirabad (Persian: اميراباد, also Romanized as Amīrābād) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 184, in 45 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Wuliuan
The Wuliuan stage is the fifth stage of the Cambrian, and the first stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian.  It was formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2018.
Its base is defined by the first appearance of the trilobite species Oryctocephalus indicus; it ends with the beginning of the Drumian Stage, marked by the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus around 504.5 million years ago.

The 'golden spike' that formally defines the base of the age is driven into the Wuliu-Zengjiayan (乌溜-曾家崖) section of the Kaili formation, near Balang Village in the Miaoling Mountains, Guizhou, China.

Ptychagnostus atavus
Ptychagnostus atavus is a species of agnostid trilobite. It was originally described by Swedish paleontologist Sven Axel Tullberg as Agnostus atavus in 1880. It is used in biostratigraphy as an index fossil. Its first appearance at the GSSP section in the Wheeler Shale of Utah is defined as the beginning of the Drumian Age (around 504.5 million years ago) of the Miaolingian (Middle Cambrian).

Laurie (2008)  grouped punctuosus and affinis within Ptychagnostus, but preferred to place the closely related atavus within Acidusus.