hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lake Palas Tuzla
Lake Palas Tuzla (Turkish: Palas Tuzla Gölü) is a saline lake in Kayseri Province, central Turkey. It is a registered natural protected area.

The lake is situated in the Palas neighborhood of Sarıoğlan district in Kayseri province. It is 60 km (37 mi) away from the city of Kayseri. The lake is at the center of a closed basin. Its elevation is 1,054 m (3,458 ft) above mean sea level. The surface area is 25–35 km2 (9.7–13.5 sq mi). It is fed by five creeks. During the dry season, the lake basin is covered by a 10 cm (4 in) layer of salt. The lake is the site of a salt works.

The surrounding area of the lake is a wetland, which is located on bird migration routes and habitat of some endemic flora. The wetland was declared a natural protected area of first degree on June 26, 2009.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Aleksander Kostka Napierski
Aleksander Leon Kostka-Napierski (1620–1651), Polish captain during the Thirty Years' War in Swedish service, participant of battle in Germany and organizer of the Kostka-Napierski Uprising. According to the historian prof. Paweł Wieczorkiewicz, Napierski was in service to Khmelnytsky. Professor of History Janusz Tazbir was of a similar opinion. However, other historians, such as Adam Kersten, cautiously connect Kostka-Napierski with the Swedish king, with Khmelnytsky, or with the court of Rákóczi.

Adam Kersten
Adam Kersten (26 April 1930 in Kutno -  11 January 1983 in Warsaw) was a Polish historian, expert on Polish history in the 17th century. He was a member of the faculty at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University from 1955.

From 1980 he was active in the Solidarity movement.

He was the husband of fellow historian Krystyna Kersten.

Posthumously, he received the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Spahija
Spahija is a Kosovo Albanian surname of Persian origin derived from the word spahi (سپاهی, sepâhi; horseman, soldier), that entered Albanian from the Turkish adaption Sipahi (horseman, cavalryman). Notable people with the surname include:

Hrvoje Spahija (born 1988), Croatian footballer

Neven Spahija (born 1962), Croatian basketball coach

Sipahi
The sipahi (Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی, , Turkish pronunciation: [sipaːhi])[a] were professional cavalrymen of the Ottoman Empire. Sipahi units included the land grant–holding (timar) provincial timarli sipahi, which constituted most of the army, and the salaried regular kapikulu sipahi, or palace troops. However, the irregular light cavalry  akıncı ("raiders") were not considered to be sipahi. The sipahi formed their own distinctive social classes and were rivals to the Janissaries, the elite infantry corps of the sultans.

The sipahi held a state-owned land tenure known as timar in exchange for tax collection, security, and active military service.
Équipe Andrée Champoux pour Verdun
Équipe Andrée Champoux pour Verdun (EAC) (English: Team Andrée Champoux for Verdun) was a municipal political party in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The party contested seats on the Verdun borough council in the 2013 Montreal municipal election.

2013 Montreal municipal election
Municipal elections were held in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on November 3, 2013, as part of the 2013 Quebec municipal elections. Voters elected 65 positions on the Montreal City Council, including the mayor, borough mayors, and city councillors, as well as 38 borough councillors. Denis Coderre replaced interim mayor Laurent Blanchard, who was elected to replace the previous interim mayor, Michael Applebaum, who resigned due to 14 charges laid against him including fraud, conspiracy, breach of trust, and corruption in municipal affairs. Previous elected mayor Gérald Tremblay left office on November 5, 2012, after his party Union Montréal was suspected of corruption and mafia involvement. On July 2, 2013, Louise Harel, leader of the opposition Vision Montréal, announced she would not be running for mayor, instead supporting Marcel Côté.
Nathan Tome
Nathan Tome is an Anglican bishop.

Tome was the second Bishop of Banks and Torres, serving from 2001 to 2013. He then became the inaugural Bishop of Guadalcanal. During 2016 he was the Acting Primate of Melanesia; he retired effective 20 September 2020.

Diocese of Banks and Torres
13°50′S 167°35′E﻿ / ﻿13.833°S 167.583°E﻿ / -13.833; 167.583

The Diocese of Banks and Torres is one of the ten current dioceses of the Anglican Church of Melanesia.

The Banks Islands are a group of islands in northern Vanuatu. Together with the Torres Islands to the northwest, they make up the northernmost province of Torba.

Founded on 12 May 1996 and currently made up of thirteen islands, divided into three regions and sixteen districts (parishes), the diocese was the first from which indigenous Melanesians were ordained into the priesthood. Veverao, on Mota, was the first Christian village established, and the Mota language was used by the first Christian missions to Melanesia. The Mass was first celebrated there by John Patteson.
Morling
Morling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Morling (1891–1974), Australian Baptist minister

Malena Mörling (born 1965), Swedish poet

Edgar A. Morling (1864–1932), Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court

Malena Mörling
Malena Mörling (born 1965), is a Swedish-American poet and translator.  She is the author of two books of poetry, Ocean Avenue, which won the New Issues Press Poetry Prize in 1998 and Astoria, published by Pittsburgh Press in 2006. In 1999, she received the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.
Vivid: The David Braid Sextet Live
Vivid: The David Braid Sextet Live is the second album by Canadian jazz pianist and composer, David Braid, as well as the second album to feature the group the David Braid Sextet. It was recorded live at Toronto club Top o' the Senator in 2003.

It won the Juno Award for Traditional Jazz Album of the Year in 2005.

Juno Award for Traditional Jazz Album of the Year
The Juno Award for Traditional Jazz Album of the Year was presented as recognition each year for the best traditional jazz album in Canada. It was first presented in 1994, after the Juno Awards split the former award for Best Jazz Album into separate categories for traditional and contemporary jazz, and was discontinued after 2014, when the traditional and contemporary jazz categories were replaced with new categories for Jazz Album - Solo and Jazz Album - Group.
John Crotty
John Kevin Crotty (born July 15, 1969) is an American former professional basketball player. A 6'1" point guard from the University of Virginia, Crotty was undrafted, but played in 11 National Basketball Association (NBA) seasons from 1992 to 2003. After retiring from the NBA, Crotty moved into sports broadcasting with the Miami Heat.

Broadcasting of sports events
The broadcasting of sports events (also known as a sportscast) is the live coverage of sports as a television program, on radio, and other broadcasting media.  It usually involves one and more sports commentators describing events as they happen.
Sajal Barui
Sajal Barui (Bengali: সজল বারুই) is a convicted criminal who is serving a life sentence in prison for the murder of his father, stepmother, and half-brother. He committed the murders at the age of sixteen, on 22 November 1993 in Kolkata, India. The murders made headlines in the Kolkata press due to the gruesome nature of the crimes and because Barui and his accomplices were minors at the time.

Paschim Medinipur district
Paschim Medinipur  (English: West Medinipur, alternative spelling Midnapore) district is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur. On 4 April 2017, the Jhargram subdivision was upgraded to a district. GDP of West Midnapore district is 12 billion USD.
West Bank Wall graffiti art
West Bank Wall graffiti art is street art on the walled sections of the Israeli West Bank barrier, by a wide range of international and Palestinian artists. The wall is 8 to 10 metres (26 to 33 ft) tall, and is easily accessible to artists as it frequently divides urban areas. The graffiti is on the Palestinian side of the wall and primarily expresses anti-wall sentiments.

Paul Insect
Paul Insect is a UK contemporary artist, who is most famous for his 2007 solo show Bullion exhibition at London's Art gallery, Lazarides Gallery.
Damien Hirst is reported to be a fan of Insect, having purchased the show days before it opened.
Insect, who also goes by the name of PINS, worked alongside artist Banksy at the Cans Festival, the Santa's Ghetto project in Bethlehem, and on the separation wall in Palestine.

Insect is well known for his collective named 'insect' which started in 1996, and disbanded in 2005. Insect held an exhibition at a disused sex shop in London's Kings Cross area in 2008 in partnership with Lazarides Gallery. This contained 12 bronze skulls with colour enameled bunny ears.

Insect created the artwork for San Francisco-based hip hop producer DJ Shadow's 2006 The Outsider album.
Francisco de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville
Don Francisco de Paula Enrique de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville, Grandee of Spain (16 November 1943 – 20 May 2025) was a Spanish nobleman and businessman who was involved in banking, real estate and other commercial activities. He inherited the title of Duke of Seville in 1968 and was a distant relative of the Spanish royal family. He was not a Carlist pretender, because of morganatic ancestry.

Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse or to any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms.

Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner). Usually, neither the bride nor any children of the marriage has a claim on the husband's succession rights, titles, precedence, or entailed property. The children are considered legitimate for all other purposes and the prohibition against bigamy applies. In some countries, a woman could also marry a man of lower rank morganatically.
David J. Burney
David Burney is a public architect and educator. He was born in Liverpool, England and educated at Edinburgh College of Art and The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment of University College London (UCL). He is the Academic Coordinator of Urban Placemaking and Management at Pratt Institute and serves as a commissioner at the New York City Department of City Planning. He has lived in New York since 1982.

Placemaking
Placemaking is a multi-disciplinary approach to the planning, design and management of public spaces that emphasizes community engagement, human-centred design, and the creation of meaningful, functional, and attractive environments. While placemaking encompasses a variety of methods and scales, it is characterized by improving urban vitality and strengthening place identity through a focus on people above physical structures or buildings.

The term originated in the late 20th century and gained prominence through the work of the nonprofit Project for Public Spaces and their multiple published guidelines and recommendations.
Tokkottu railway station
Thokkottu railway station (station code: TKOT) is a railway station serving Mangalore city, the second major city of Karnataka. It lies to the south of Mangalore city and in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways. Trains halting at the station connect this region to prominent cities in India such as Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Chennai, Kollam, Bangalore, Kozhikode, Coimbatore, Mysore  and so forth. Station is now closed.

Coimbatore Junction railway station
Coimbatore Junction railway station (station code: CBE) is a railway station located in Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the major rail-head in the city and comes under the jurisdiction of Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the busiest and highest revenue generating stations in India. The station lies on the Jolarpettai–Shoranur main line and has six side platforms.
Thalia Theater (Hamburg)
The Thalia Theater is one of the three state-owned theatres in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded in 1843 by Charles Maurice Schwartzenberger and named after the muse Thalia. Today, it is home to one of Germany's most famous ensembles and stages around 9 new plays per season. Current theatre manager is Joachim Lux, who in 2009/10 succeeded Ulrich Khuon.

In addition to its main building, located in the street Raboisen in the Altstadt quarter near the Binnenalster and Gerhart-Hauptmann-Platz in Hamburg's inner city, the theatre operates a smaller stage, used for experimental plays, the Thalia in der Gaußstraße, located in the borough of Altona.

Thalia (Muse)
In Greek mythology, Thalia (/θəˈlaɪə/ or /ˈθeɪliə/; Ancient Greek: Θάλεια; "the joyous, the flourishing", from Ancient Greek: θάλλειν, thállein; "to flourish, to be verdant"), also spelled Thaleia, was one of the Muses, the goddess who presided over comedy and idyllic poetry. In this context her name means "flourishing", because the praises in her songs flourish through time.
116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment
The 116th Operational Maneuvers Regiment (116th RMO) (Arabic: الفوج 116 للمناورات العملياتية, French: 116e Régiment de Manœuvres Opérationnelles) is a special forces regiment of the Algerian Land Forces.

Algerian Air Force
The Algerian Air Force  (Arabic: القُوَّاتُ الجَوِّيَّةُ الجَزَائِرِيَّةُ, French: Forces aériennes algériennes) is the aerial arm of the Algerian People's National Army.

Its history begins with the creation by Saïd Aït Messaoudène, during the war of independence, of a first nucleus of air force with the training of Algerian pilots and personnel from friendly countries. This nucleus officially gave birth in 1962, the day after independence, to the Algerian Air Force.

Major General Mahmoud Laraba was appointed Commander of the Air Force in July 2020, succeeding Major General Hamid Boumaïza. On February 23, 2025, Major General Zoubir Ghouila took office as Commander of the Air Force, replacing Mahmoud Laraba.
Iryo Center Station
Iryo Center Station (医療センター駅, Iryō Sentā Eki) is a railway station operated by Kobe New Transit in Chūō-ku, Kobe, Japan. It is located on Port Island and is served by the Port Island Line. The station is alternatively known as Shimin Byoin Mae Station (市民病院前). The station name is derived from its location next to the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital.

Prior to 1 July 2011, the station was named Sentan Iryo Center Station (先端医療センター).

Port Island Line
The Port Island Line (ポートアイランド線, Pōtoairando-sen), commonly known as Port Liner (ポートライナー, Pōtorainā) is an urban automated guideway transit (AGT) system in Kobe, Japan, operated by Kobe New Transit.

The initial system linked Sannomiya Station, Kobe's main transit hub, to the man-made Port Island, covering a distance of 6.4 km (4.0 mi) with 9 stations.
Hopf construction
In algebraic topology, the Hopf construction constructs a map from the join  of two spaces  and  to the suspension  of a space  out of a map from  to . It was introduced by Hopf (1935) in the case when  and  are spheres. Whitehead (1942) used it to define the J-homomorphism.

Suspension (topology)
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the suspension of a topological space X is intuitively obtained by stretching X into a cylinder and then collapsing both end faces to points. One views X as "suspended" between these end points. The suspension of X is denoted by SX or susp(X).: 76

There is a variant of the suspension for a pointed space, which is called the reduced suspension and denoted by ΣX. The "usual" suspension SX is sometimes called the unreduced suspension, unbased suspension, or free suspension of X, to distinguish it from ΣX.
New Covenant theology
New Covenant theology (or NCT) is a Christian theological position teaching that the person and work of Jesus Christ is the central focus of the Bible.  One distinctive assertion of this school of thought is that Old Testament Laws have been abrogated or cancelled with Jesus's crucifixion, and replaced with the Law of Christ of the New Covenant. It shares similarities with, and yet is distinct from, dispensationalism and Covenant theology.

Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition. Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument. Theologians may undertake the study of Christian theology for a variety of reasons, such as in order to:

help them better understand Christian tenets

make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions

defend Christianity against objections and criticism

facilitate reforms in the Christian church

assist in the propagation of Christianity

draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or perceived need

education in Christian philosophy, especially in Neoplatonic philosophy
Peak ornament
A peak ornament is a decorative element which may be located under the peak of eaves of a gabled building.

For example, peak ornaments are notable features in some of the historic houses of the Noank Historic District, in the town of Groton, Connecticut.: 36

The peak ornament is an architectural element in architecture.

Noank Historic District
The Noank Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic main part of the village of Noank in the town of Groton, Connecticut.  The district contains a distinctive assortment of mid-to-late 19th-century residential architecture that is notable for its often picturesque woodwork.  At the time of their construction, the village was primarily a worker village for nearby shipyards.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Liberal Socialists
The Liberal Socialists (Liberalsocialisti, LS) were a regionalist social-democratic political party based in Sicily.

The party was founded in 1998 by Salvo Andò and other former leading members of the late Italian Socialist Party (PSI).

In the 2001 regional election, the party garnered 1.0% of the vote and elected a regional councillor.

In the 2003 provincial elections, the party elected provincial councillors in the provinces of Catania, Messina, Palermo, Agrigento and Caltanissetta.

In 2003, the party was merged into the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI).

In 2010, Andò and other former Liberal Socialists formed the Socialist Clubs, a network of local social-democratic clubs in Sicily.

Province of Agrigento
The province of Agrigento (Italian: provincia di Agrigento; Sicilian: pruvincia di Girgenti) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy, situated on its south-western coast. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 2015 by the Free Municipal Consortium of Agrigento (Italian: libero consorzio comunale di Agrigento). As of 2025, the area has a population of 408,059 in an area of 3,052.59 square kilometres (1,178.61 sq mi) across its 43 municipalities (comuni).
Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation
The Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation (French: Première Nation de Listuguj Mi'gmaq) (in Francis-Smith orthography Listukuj Míkmaq) is a Mi'gmaq First Nations band government with a registered population (2022) of 4,248 members, most of whom are of Mi'kmaq ancestry. The name Listuguj, is the origin for the name of the Restigouche River, as well as other nearby places also carrying the name Restigouche. Listuguj is also used as a name for one of the Míkmaq orthographies. Its southern border is adjacent to Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec.

Mi'kmaq language
Miꞌkmaq (/ˈmɪɡmɑː/ MIG-mah; Mi'kmaq: [miːɡmax]) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 11,000 Miꞌkmaq in Canada and the United States; the total ethnic Miꞌkmaq population is roughly 20,000.

The native name of the language is Lnuismk, Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk or Miꞌkmwei (in some dialects). The word Miꞌkmaq is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular miꞌkm); the adjectival form is Miꞌkmaw.
Miꞌkmaq has historically been spelled and pronounced Micmac /ˈmɪkmæk/ in English. Contemporary spellings include Migmaw and Mikmaw in English, and Míkmaq, Míkmaw and Mìgmao in Miꞌkmaq.
Nebraska College Conference
The Nebraska College Conference (NCC), known as the Nebraska Intercollegiate Conference from 1916 to 1926 and later as the Nebraska College Athletic Conference (NCAC), was an intercollegiate athletic conference that existed from 1916 to 1976. The league had members, as its name suggests, in the state of Nebraska. The public colleges in the conference departed for the separate Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Association (NIAA) in 1928 but re-joined after 1942.

In November 1959, the Nebraska College Conference accepted the withdrawal of Concordia College (now known as Concordia University Nebraska), Dana College, and Midland College (now known as Midland University). Those three schools joined the Tri-State Conference at its formation in 1960. Nebraska Wesleyan University left in 1969 to join the newly formed Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NIAC) (now called the Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC)).

College sports
College sports or college athletics encompasses amateur sports played by non-professional, collegiate and university-level student athletes in competitive sports and games. College sports have led to many college rivalries.

College sports trace their roots back to the early 19th century. Originating from public schools in Britain, varsity matches between Oxford University and Cambridge University spread to Harvard University and Yale University, which influenced the development of college sports in the United States, and to college sports in Commonwealth, European, and other countries, such as Japan.