hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gross Ruchen
The Gross Ruchen is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, overlooking the Brunnital south of Unterschächen in the canton of Uri. It is located between the higher Gross Windgallen on the west and the Chli Ruchen on the east.

The north face is very steep and is linked with that of the Gross Windgällen. On the east flanks is the Ruchenfirn, a glacier lying between 2,600 and 3,100 metres.

Canton of Uri
The canton of Uri (German: Kanton Uri [ˈuːri] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Uri; French: Canton d'Uri; Italian: Canton Uri) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and a founding member of the Swiss Confederation. It is located in Central Switzerland. The canton's territory covers the valley of the Reuss between the St. Gotthard Pass and Lake Lucerne.

The official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss German called Urner German.

Uri was once the only canton whose children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language, but in the school year of 2005/2006, that was changed to English, as in other Central and Northeastern Swiss cantons. The canton's population is about 35,000, of which 3,046 (or 8.7%) are foreigners.

The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark Rütli lies within the canton of Uri.
Las Ánimas de Valdivia
Club de Deportes Las Ánimas, is a Chilean sports club based in the city of Valdivia, Los Ríos Region. The club was founded on October 4, 1942, and took its name from the Las Ánimas neighborhood, located at the north side of the city.

The basketball branch is the most important of the club; boxing, table tennis, & amateur football being the other ones. The football branch played at the third level league between 1994 and 1996.

Their Liga Nacional home games are played at the Coliseo Antonio Azurmendy , also playing some of the Liga Saesa games at the Las Ánimas gym.

Gym
A gym, short for gymnasium (pl.: gymnasiums or gymnasia), is an indoor venue for exercise and sports. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term "gymnasion". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational institutions. "Gym" is also the commonly used name for a "fitness centre" or health club, which is often an area for indoor recreation. A "gym" may include or describe adjacent open air areas as well. In Western countries, "gyms" often describe places with indoor or outdoor courts for basketball, hockey, tennis, boxing or wrestling, and with equipment and machines used for physical development training, or to do exercises. In many European countries, Gymnasium (and variations of the word) also can describe a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university, with or without the presence of athletic courts, fields, or equipment.
Lycius (horse)
Lycius (29 February 1988 – 24 October 2015) was an American-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He showed excellent form as a juvenile in 1990, finishing second in the Prix de la Salamandre before traveling to England to win the Group One Middle Park Stakes. In 1991 he recorded a string of top-class performances without managing to win again: he finished second in the 2000 Guineas, July Cup and Prix Jacques Le Marois and third in the Irish 2,000 Guineas and Prix du Moulin. He was retired at the end of the year and had some success as a breeding stallion.

Middle Park Stakes
The Middle Park Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.
Imre Rietveld
Imre Rietveld is a retired Dutch-born Danish badminton player who won six French Open titles between 1963 and 1967.

In 1967 she married Knud Aage Nielsen, a Danish badminton player. After that she competed for Denmark as Imre Rietveld Nielsen or Imre Nielsen, winning the Belgian International and Denmark Open in 1969, as well as a silver medal at the 1970 European Badminton Championships.

French Open (badminton)
The French Open (French: Internationaux de France de Badminton) is an annual badminton tournament held in France since 1909 and hosted by the Fédération Française de Badminton (FFBad).

The tournament was halted between 1915 and 1934, in 1965, 1970, 1972, 1994 and 2006. Not previously considered one of the international badminton circuit's leading events, it was promoted to become part of the BWF Super Series in 2007 making the French Open one of the 12 major badminton tournaments in the world. BWF categorised French Open as one of the five BWF World Tour Super 750 events per the BWF events structure since 2018.
Z-factor
The Z-factor is a measure of statistical effect size. It has been proposed for use in high-throughput screening (HTS), where it is also known as Z-prime, to judge whether the response in a particular assay is large enough to warrant further attention.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
The Bathing Women
The Bathing Women is a novel written by Chinese author Tie Ning and published in Chinese in 2000, translated into English in 2012. The Bathing Women focuses on the lives and personal growth of several characters as they live in the turbulent times of the Cultural Revolution and the economic boom of the 1980s. The plot focuses on several feminist themes such as gender inequality, misogyny and sexual liberality.

Gender inequality in China
In 2023, China ranked 41st out of 172 countries on the United Nations Development Programme's Gender Inequality Index (GII). Among the GII components, China's maternal mortality ratio was 23 out of 100,000 live births. In its education inequality, 68.3% of women age 25 and older had completed secondary education, compared to 77.9% of men. Women's labour force participation rate was 54.6% (compared to 75.6% percent for men), and women held 26.5 percent of seats in the National People's Congress.
Tatary, Gołdap County
Tatary [taˈtarɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Gołdap and 131 km (81 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Gołdap
Gołdap (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡɔwdap] ⓘ; German: Goldap [ˈɡɔldap] ⓘ or variant Goldapp; Lithuanian: Geldupė, Geldapė, Galdapė) is a spa town in northeastern Poland, in the region of Masuria, seat of Gołdap County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is located on the Gołdapa River, between the Szeskie Hills, Gołdap Lake and the Puszcza Romincka forest. It has a population of 15,600 (as of 2007).
Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1956
Switzerland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1956 with two songs: "Das alte Karussell" written by Georg Betz-Stahl, and "Refrain" composed by Géo Voumard, with lyrics by Émile Gardaz. Both songs were performed by Lys Assia. The Swiss participating broadcaster, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR), selected its entries through a national final. In addition, Radio svizzera italiana (RSI), on behalf of SRG SSR, was the host broadcaster and staged the event at the Teatro Kursaal in Lugano. "Das alte Karussell" was the first-ever entry from Switzerland performed in the Eurovision Song Contest, and the first-ever entry in German in the contest; while "Refrain", that eventually won the contest, was the first-ever winner in its history.

Fernando Paggi
Fernando Paggi (3 July 1914 – 14 January 1973) was a Swiss conductor and musician known for conducting the Swiss entries for three Eurovision Song Contests. He was also the conductor of the Radio Monte Ceneri Orchestra.
Emilia Tennyson
Emilia Tennyson (1811–1887), known simply as Emily within her family, was a younger sister of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and the fiancée of Arthur Henry Hallam, for whom Tennyson's poem In Memoriam A.H.H. was written. Emilia met Hallam through her brother, and they became engaged in 1832.

In Memoriam A.H.H.
In Memoriam A.H.H. (1850) by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, is an elegy for his Cambridge friend Arthur Henry Hallam, who died of cerebral haemorrhage in Vienna, at the age of twenty-two years, in 1833. As a sustained exercise in tetrametric lyrical verse, Tennyson's poetical reflections extend beyond the meaning of the death of Hallam, thus, In Memoriam also explores the random cruelty of Nature seen from the conflicting perspectives of materialist science and declining Christian faith in the Victorian era (1837–1901), the poem thus is an elegy, a requiem, and a dirge for a friend, a time, and a place.
Risvik
Risvik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kari Risvik (1932–2021), Norwegian translator

Kjell Risvik (1941–2021), Norwegian translator

Per Risvik (1937–2023), Norwegian politician

Kjell Risvik
Kjell Risvik (29 June 1941 – 28 March 2021) was a translator of literature into Norwegian from various languages, including Catalan, English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.

He was awarded the Brage Honorary Prize in 2006, along with his wife Kari Risvik.
Wachtmeister (surname)
Wachtmeister (German for "sergeant" or "constable") is a Swedish and Austrian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alice Trolle-Wachtmeister (1926–2017), Swedish countess

Axel Wachtmeister (1643–1699), Swedish count and field marshal

Carl Wachtmeister (disambiguation), several people

Constance Wachtmeister (1838–1910), English/French countess, theosophist

Erik Wachtmeister (born 1955), co-founder of ASmallWorld

Fredrik Wachtmeister (1855–1919), Swedish politician and diplomat

Gustaf Wachtmeister (1757–1826), Swedish Army officer

Hans Wachtmeister (1642–1714), admiral general of the Swedish Navy

Ian Wachtmeister (1932–2017), Swedish industrialist and politician

Louise Wachtmeister (born 1978), co-founder of ASmallWorld

Rosina Wachtmeister (born 1939), Austrian artist

Ted Wachtmeister (1892–1975), Swedish jurist, reserve officer and rower

Wilhelm Wachtmeister (1923–2012), Swedish diplomat

Wilhelm Wachtmeister
Count Wilhelm Hans Fredrik Wachtmeister (29 April 1923 – 3 February 2012) was a Swedish career diplomat who served as the Swedish Ambassador to the United States for 15 years from 1974 to 1989, eventually becoming the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in 1986, as the longest-serving ambassador in the diplomatic corps in Washington, DC.
Andrei Monin
Andrei Sergeyevich Monin (Russian: Андрей Сергеевич Монин or А. С. Монин; 2 July 1921 – 22 September 2007) was a Soviet and Russian geophysicist, mathematician, and oceanographer. Monin was known for his contributions to statistical theory of turbulence and atmospheric physics. He served as the director of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He was instrumental in developing the Shirshov Institute into one of the largest scientific centers for ocean and earth science studies.

The Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and the Monin–Obukhov length are named after Monin and Russian Academician Alexander Obukhov.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
1997 New Jersey Senate election
The 1993 New Jersey Senate election was held on November 4.

The election took place alongside Christine Todd Whitman's re-election as Governor over Senator Jim McGreevey. Republicans defended the large majority they gained in the 1991 landslide elections.

Four seats changed hands with no impact on the overall balance of power. Republicans Anthony R. Bucco and Diane Allen unseated incumbent Gordon MacInnes in the 25th district and gained the seat of retiring Senator Jack Casey in the 7th, respectively. Democrats Shirley Turner and Garry Furnari unseated incumbent Republicans Dick LaRossa in the 15th and John P. Scott in the 36th, respectively. One Senator, Republican Joseph Bubba, lost a primary. His challenger, Norman M. Robertson, held the 34th district for the Republicans. This remains the last time that Republicans won a Senate majority.

Diane Allen
Diane B. Allen (born March 8, 1948) is an American politician and television journalist. A member of the Republican Party, she represented the 7th legislative district in the New Jersey Assembly from 1996 to 1998 and New Jersey Senate from 1998 to 2018. Allen was the senate majority whip from 1998 to 2001, deputy Republican conference leader from 2002 to 2003, and later deputy minority leader. In 2002, she was an unsuccessful candidate for United States Senate, finishing second in the Republican primary.

Allen was the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor in 2021 after Jack Ciattarelli announced she had agreed to join his ticket. The pair narrowly lost the general election to the incumbent Democratic ticket of Phil Murphy and Sheila Oliver.
Alexei Chernyaevsky
Alexei Osipovich Chernyaevsky (Russian: Алексей Осипович Черняевский; 1840, Shamakhi – December 14, 1894, Tiflis) was an educator, methodologist, and pedagogue. His textbook "Vatan dili" (The Native Language) is the first Azerbaijani language textbook published for Azerbaijanis based on the syllabic method.

Shamakhi
Shamakhi (Azerbaijani: Şamaxı, pronounced [ʃɑmɑˈxɯ]) is a city in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Shamakhi District. The city's estimated population as of 2010 was 31,704. It is famous for its traditional dancers, and also for perhaps giving its name to the Soumak rugs.

Eleven major earthquakes have rocked Shamakhi, but through multiple reconstructions it maintained its role as the economic and administrative capital of Shirvan and one of the key towns on the Silk Road. The only building to have survived eight of the eleven earthquakes is the landmark Juma Mosque of Shamakhi, built in the 8th century.
Avi Schnall
Alexander "Avi" Schnall (born July 3, 1984) is an American Democratic Party politician, who has represented the 30th legislative district in the New Jersey General Assembly since January 2024.

A Brooklyn native, Schnall moved to Lakewood Township, New Jersey, to study at Beth Medrash Govoha.

Beth Medrash Govoha
Beth Medrash Govoha (Hebrew: בית מדרש גבוה, pronounced: Beis Medrash Gavo'ha. lit: "High House of Learning"; also known as Lakewood Yeshiva or BMG) is a Haredi Jewish Litvishe yeshiva in Lakewood Township, New Jersey. It was founded by Rabbi Aharon Kotler in 1943 and is the second-largest yeshiva in the world, after Mir Yeshiva in Jerusalem. As of 2025, it had over 9,000 students, between bochurim (unmarried members) and married with Kollel status. The principal Rosh yeshiva since 1982 is Rabbi Malkiel Kotler. Talmud and halakha studies in the institution are carried in the form of over 200 small groups, Chaburos, which consist of several students mentored by a veteran, each pursuing its own specific curriculum with an emphasis on individual learning.
Ben Howard (rugby union)
Ben Howard (born 7 February 1993 in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England) is a British rugby union football player, playing for Old Elthamians in the National League 1. He is a winger who has represented England at Under-20 level.

Howard joined Worcester aged 18, and made his Premiership debut against Leicester Tigers at Welford Road in September 2012. He scored two tries on his European debut against Gernika RT in the Amlin Challenge Cup. Howard was in the England Under-20 side that won the Six Nations Championship in 2013, and went on to defeat Wales in the Junior World Cup Final in France in June 2013.

National League 1
National One, up until 2023 known as National League 1 and previously known before September 2009 as National Division Two), is the third of three national leagues in the domestic rugby union competition of England. It was known as Courage League National Division Three when it was founded in 1987. Richmond are the current champions.

The Rugby Football Union (RFU) approved a new structure for the National Leagues from the 2022–23 season. This division was reduced to fourteen teams, playing each other on a home and away basis to make a total of 26 matches each.
Scenius Hub
Scenius Hub is a youth centre located in Juba, South Sudan which provides space for entrepreneurship and innovation. It is located alongside Down Turkish Embassy Road, close to Winners Chapel, Thongpiny, Juba, South Sudan.  The executive director and founder of Scenius Hub is Nelson Kwaje and he is the chairman of Defy Hate Now.
Scenius Hub Website: https://www.sceniushub.com/

Executive director
Executive director is commonly the title of the chief executive officer (CEO) of a company, a non-profit organization, government agency or international organization.

It generally has the same meaning as CEO or managing director.

The title may also be used by a member of a board of directors for a corporation, such as a company, cooperative or nongovernmental organization, who usually holds a specific managerial position with the corporation. In this context the role is usually contrasted with a non-executive director who usually holds no executive, managerial role with the corporation, but purely an advisory role.

There is much national and cultural variation in the exact definition of an executive director.
Figoni et Falaschi
Figoni et Falaschi is a French luxury brand and coachbuilder firm which was active from 1935 through to the 1950s. The designs were created by Giuseppe Figoni, while his partner Ovidio Falaschi ran the business.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Timothy Kraft
Timothy E. Kraft (April 10, 1941 – January 21, 2024) was a Democratic political consultant, best known as the campaign manager for the unsuccessful reelection bid of U.S. President Jimmy Carter. In September 1980, only weeks before the general election, he stepped down amid an uncorroborated charge, later resolved, that he had previously used cocaine.

Political consulting
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely television, direct mail, and digital advertising), consultants advise campaigns on many other activities, ranging from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
Bubon (Lycia)
Bubon or Boubon (Ancient Greek: Βούβων) was a city of ancient Lycia noted by Stephanus of Byzantium; the ethnic name, he adds, ought to be Βουβώνιος, but it is Βουβωνεύς, for the Lycians rejoice in this form. The truth of this observation of Stephanus is proved by the inscription found on the spot: Βουβωνέων ἡ Βουλὴ καὶ ὁ Δῆμος.

Bubon is located west of ancient Balbura, near Ibecik, as confirmed by modern scholars. The city stood on a hill side commanding the entrance to the pass over the mountains.

Bubon is mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, and Hierocles. Pliny mentions a kind of chalk (creta) that was found about Bubon.

Bubon, along with Balbura and Oenoanda formed the district of Cabalia.

There is a small theatre built of sandstone and on the summit of the hill was the acropolis.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Chiasmus (cipher)
Chiasmus is a secret German government block cipher that was leaked by reverse engineering. It became notorious for its dilettante use in the BSI's software GSTOOL, which used it in insecure Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode and generated the key with a pseudo random number generator initialized to the current system time, which means an effective key length that can easily be broken by brute force. The BSI tried to prevent the publication of these findings with legal threats.

Chiasmus seems to be resistant against the most common cryptographic attacks (linear and differential cryptanalysis), but a lot slower than the openly available state of the art ciphers such as AES.

Differential cryptanalysis
Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information input can affect the resultant difference at the output. In the case of a block cipher, it refers to a set of techniques for tracing differences through the network of transformation, discovering where the cipher exhibits non-random behavior, and exploiting such properties to recover the secret key (cryptography key).
Mount Tom (California)
Mount Tom is a large and prominent peak near the city of Bishop in Inyo County of eastern California. It is in the Sierra Nevada and east of the Sierra Crest. The mountain is also in the John Muir Wilderness.

Along with its neighbor to the south, Basin Mountain, it dominates the western skyline from the upper Owens Valley.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.