hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German torpedo boat T33
The German torpedo boat T33 was one of fifteen Type 39 torpedo boats built for the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) during World War II. Completed in mid-1944, the boat was assigned to convoy escort duties and supporting German forces in the Baltic. She escorted a heavy cruiser in January 1945 as she bombarded Soviet troops and helped to evacuate troops and refugees from advancing Soviet forces in May. T33 was allocated to the Soviet Union after the war and was renamed Primerny. She served with the Baltic Fleet until 1954 when the ship was converted into an accommodation ship and renamed PKZ-63. She was turned over to be scrapped on 9 November 1956 and subsequently broken up.

Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)
This glossary of nautical terms is an alphabetical listing of terms and expressions connected with ships, shipping, seamanship and navigation on water (mostly though not necessarily on the sea). Some remain current, while many date from the 17th to 19th centuries. The word nautical derives from the Latin nauticus, from Greek nautikos, from nautēs: "sailor", from naus: "ship".

Further information on nautical terminology may also be found at Nautical metaphors in English, and additional military terms are listed in the Multiservice tactical brevity code article. Terms used in other fields associated with bodies of water can be found at Glossary of fishery terms, Glossary of underwater diving terminology, Glossary of rowing terms, and Glossary of meteorology.
Ulmus glabra 'Nigra'
The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Nigra', commonly known as the Black Irish Elm, was found in the Kilkenny area c.1770 by the father of nurseryman John Robertson of Kilkenny, who later cultivated it. Robertson stated that he had not seen the form outside Ireland. It was listed by Loddiges (1830) as Ulmus nigra, and described by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838), as Ulmus montana nigra. 'Nigra' is not mentioned in either Elwes and Henry's or Bean's classic works on British trees.

The Späth nursery of Berlin marketed an U. montana nigra in the late 19th century. Späth, like many of his contemporaries, used U. montana both for wych elm cultivars and for those of U. × hollandica.

Though 'Nigra' is sometimes listed as a synonym of 'Cinerea' (see 'Synonymy'), the leaf-descriptions of the two cultivars appear to distinguish them, the latter having leaves recalling those of Exeter Elm. Loddiges' 1830 catalogue lists the two separately.

Loddiges family
The Loddiges family (not uncommonly mis-spelt Loddige) managed one of the most notable of the eighteenth and nineteenth century plant nurseries that traded in and introduced exotic plants, trees, shrubs, ferns, palms and orchids into European gardens. The hothouses covered land to the east of Mare Street, Hackney, London E9, including that now occupied by Urswick School.
Ronga River
The Ronga River is a river of the Marlborough Region of New Zealand's South Island. Although its source is on a ridge only 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the island's north coast, the river flows south, reaching the Rai River close to the township of Rai Valley after a 10-km journey.

Marlborough District
41°53′S 173°40′E﻿ / ﻿41.883°S 173.667°E﻿ / -41.883; 173.667

Marlborough District or the Marlborough Region (Māori: Te Tauihu-o-te-waka, or Tauihu), commonly known simply as Marlborough, is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, located on the northeast of the South Island. It is administered by Marlborough District Council, a unitary authority, performing the functions of both a territorial authority and a regional council. The council is based at Blenheim, the largest town. The unitary region has a population of 50,800 (June 2025). It borders the Nelson Region and Tasman District to the west, and the Canterbury Region to the south.

Marlborough is known for its dry climate, the Marlborough Sounds, and Sauvignon blanc wine. It takes its name from the earlier Marlborough Province, which was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, an English general and statesman.
Shaggy Man
The Shaggy Man is a character in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum. He first appeared in the book The Road to Oz in 1909.

He is a kindly old wandering hobo, dressed in rags. His philosophy of life centers on both love and an aversion to material possessions. His one possession of value is the Love Magnet.  His individuality is not welcome in the United States, but is accorded respect in the Land of Oz, where Princess Ozma provides him with a fine wardrobe of silks, satins, and velvets, but as shaggy as his old rags.

Individual
An individual is one that exists as a distinct entity. Individuality (or self-hood) is the state or quality of living as an individual; particularly (in the case of humans) as a person unique from other people and possessing one's own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The concept of an individual features in many    fields, including biology, law, and philosophy. Every individual contributes significantly to the growth of a civilization. Society is a multifaceted concept that is shaped and influenced by a wide range of different things, including human behaviors, attitudes, and ideas. The culture, morals, and beliefs of others as well as the general direction and trajectory of the society can all be influenced and shaped by an individual's activities.
Metrioxenini
Metrioxenini (metrioxenines) are a tribe of belids, primitive weevils of the family Belidae, containing about 30 species. They are only found in two widely separated areas, Southeast Asia extending to Indonesia, and South Africa. In the Paleogene, they were found at least in North America and Europe also, occurring perhaps across the entire Northern Hemisphere.

As in other belids, their antennae are straight, not elbowed as in the true weevils (Curculionidae). They are far less characteristic than their presumed closest living relatives, the Aglycyderini. They can be recognized by the sharp-sided rostrum ("snout"). Also, their eyes are bordered by a wide and ridged groove. Metrioxena shows two sharp ribs on each elytron, which are absent in the other genera. These, by contrast, have their tarsal claws fused together at the base (they are unfused in Metrioxena) and grooves on the pygidium which are absent in Metrioxena.

Elytron
An elytron (/ˈɛlɪtrɒn/; from Ancient Greek  ἔλυτρον (élutron) 'sheath, cover'; pl.: elytra,  /ˈɛlɪtrə/) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alternatively spelled as "hemielytra"), and in most species only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous, but when they are entirely thickened the condition is referred to as "coleopteroid". An elytron is sometimes also referred to as a shard.
Anarchism in Indonesia
Anarchism in Indonesia has its roots in the anti-colonial struggle against the Dutch Empire. It became an organized movement at the behest of Chinese anarchist immigrants, who played a key part in the development of the workers' movement in the country. The anarchist movement was suppressed, first by the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, then by the successive regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, before finally re-emerging in the 1990s.

Insurrectionary anarchism
Insurrectionary anarchism is a revolutionary theory and tendency within the anarchist movement that emphasizes insurrection as a revolutionary practice. It is critical of formal organizations such as labor unions and federations that are based on a political program and periodic congresses. Instead, insurrectionary anarchists advocate informal organization and small affinity group based organization. Insurrectionary anarchists put value in attack, permanent class conflict and a refusal to negotiate or compromise with 'class enemies'.

Associated closely with the Italian anarchist movement, the theory of insurrectionary anarchism has historically been linked with a number of high-profile assassinations, as well as the bombing campaigns of the Galleanisti and Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI).
Quileute language
Quileute (/ˈkwɪlɪjuːt/; kʷòʔlí·yot̓ísk̓ʷa) is the language of the Quileute people, located on the western coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. The language went extinct in 1999, though today there are several second-language speakers and the Quileute Nation is working to revitalize the language in daily life. Quileute is one of two Chimakuan languages, and was the last Chimakuan language spoken natively.

Quileute is famous for its lack of nasal sounds, such as [m], [n], or nasal vowels, an areal feature of Puget Sound. Quileute is polysynthetic and words can be quite long.

The name Quileute comes from kʷòʔlí·yot̓, the name of a village at La Push.

Areal feature
In geolinguistics, areal features are elements shared by languages or dialects in a geographic area, particularly when such features are not descended from a common ancestor or proto-language. An areal feature is contrasted with genetic relationship  determined similarity within the same language family. Features may diffuse from one dominant language to neighbouring languages (see "sprachbund").

Genetic relationships are represented in the family tree model of language change, and areal relationships are represented in the wave model.
Melbourne Bluff
Melbourne Bluff (53°2′S 73°32′E﻿ / ﻿53.033°S 73.533°E﻿ / -53.033; 73.533) is a rocky bluff, 385 metres (1,260 ft) high, standing 1.3 nautical miles (2.4 km) south of Cape Bidlingmaier and protruding above the ice-covered slopes at the north side of Heard Island. The feature was surveyed in 1948 by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions and so named by them because it trends roughly east-northeast in the general direction of Melbourne, Australia, the home headquarters of the expedition.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Johanne Andersen (women's rights activist)
Johanne Kirstine Andersen née Christiansen (1862–1925) was a Danish women's rights activist. In 1908, she co-founded and subsequently headed the Balslev-Ejby branch of the Danish Women's Society in the north-west of the island of Funen. Two years later, she became a member of the national organization's joint management board, serving as deputy chair from 1919 until her retirement in 1922. She was particularly active in promoting the interests of women from rural communities and encouraging women's involvement in household planning and in running school canteens. Politically, after Danish women obtained voting rights in 1915, she joined the Venstre party but did not succeed in being elected to the Folketing in the 1918 elections.

Danish Women's Society
The Danish Women's Society or DWS (Danish: Dansk Kvindesamfund) is Denmark's oldest women's rights organization. It was founded in 1871 by activist Matilde Bajer and her husband Fredrik Bajer; Fredrik was a Member of Parliament and the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The association stands for an inclusive, intersectional and progressive liberal feminism, and advocates for the rights of all women and girls and LGBT rights. It publishes the world's oldest women's magazine, Kvinden & Samfundet (Woman and Society), established in 1885. The Danish Women's Society is a member of the International Alliance of Women and is a sister association of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights and the Icelandic Women's Rights Association.
Italy–Yugoslavia relations
Italy–Yugoslavia relations (Italian: Relazioni Italia-Jugoslavia; Serbo-Croatian: Odnosi Italije i Jugoslavije, Односи Италије и Југославије; Slovene: Odnosi med Italijo in Jugoslavijo; Macedonian: Односите Италија-Југославија) are the cultural and political relations between Italy and Yugoslavia in the 20th century, since the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918 until its dissolution in 1992. Relations immediately after the end of World War I, and shortly before the rise of fascism in Italy, were severely affected and constantly tense due to the dispute over Dalmatia and the city-port of Fiume (Rijeka). Relations during the interwar years were hostile because of Italian demands for Yugoslav territory, contributing to decision by Italy and Germany to invade Yugoslavia during World War II. After lingering tensions after the war over the status of the Free Territory of Trieste, relations improved during the Cold War.

Creation of Yugoslavia
The creation of Yugoslavia encompasses historical processes and political activities that resulted in the creation of Yugoslavia as a state in 1918. Already during the 19th century, Yugoslavism became a popular concept among various South Slavic political groups, and also within intelligentsia. Some of those ideas, aimed at the formation of a unified Yugoslav state, were achieved after the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I (1918), when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created. However, the state was better known colloquially as Yugoslavia, and in 1929 the name was made official when the country was formally renamed the "Kingdom of Yugoslavia". The creation of Yugoslavia was initially wanted by many, particularly Croats and Slovenes, who wanted to liberate themselves from Austro-Hungarian rule and have a country where they would have equal rights.
Tsotsitaal and Camtho
Tsotsitaal is a South African vernacular dialect derived from a variety of mixed languages mainly spoken in the townships of Gauteng province (such as Soweto, Soshanguve, Tembisa), but also in other agglomerations all over South Africa. Tsotsi is a Sesotho, Pedi or Tswana slang word for a "thug" or "robber" or "criminal", possibly from the verb "ho lotsa" "to sharpen", whose meaning has been modified in modern times to include "to con". The word taal in Afrikaans means  "language".

A tsotsitaal is built over the grammar of one or several languages, in which terms from other languages or specific terms created by the community of speakers are added. It is a permanent work of language-mix, language-switch, and terms-coining.

Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect, particularly when perceived as having lower social status or less prestige than standard language, which is more codified, institutionally promoted, literary, or formal. More narrowly, any particular variety of a natural language that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc.
Danyang Road station
Danyang Road (Chinese: 丹阳路) is a station as part of Line 18 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Yangshupu Road and Jiangpu Road in Yangpu District, Shanghai, the station opened with the rest of phase one of Line 18 on December 30, 2021. The station is named after the nearby Danyang Road, which intersects Jiangpu Road north of the station. To the south, the line crosses the Huangpu River into Pudong.

Danyang Road Station has a color design that is divided into two parts. The west side of the station is dark, while the east side of the station is a bright, representing the past and present of Yangpu riverside respectively. This contrast makes the station a popular photographic subject.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Lucrezia Aguiari
Lucrezia Aguiari (sometimes spelled Agujari) (1743/46 in Ferrara – 18 May 1783 in Parma) was an Italian coloratura soprano. She possessed an unusually agile voice with a large vocal range that spanned slightly more than three and a half octaves; faculties that enabled her to perform the most difficult passage work. In a letter dated 24 March 1770 Leopold Mozart wrote of hearing her perform a C an octave above high C at the Ducal opera of Parma, "I could not believe that she was able to reach C soprano acuto, but my ears convinced me." Aldous Huxley also mentioned this event in his novel Brave New World, (misspelt as 'Ajugari').

Lucca
Lucca (/ˈluːkə/ LOO-kə, Italian: [ˈlukka] ⓘ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as an Italian "Città d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact Renaissance-era city walls and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the Guinigi Tower, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 14th century  and the Cathedral of San Martino.

The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including Giacomo Puccini, Alfredo Catalani, and Luigi Boccherini.
Karol Zachar
Karol L. Zachar (12 January 1918 in Szentantal (now Svätý Anton) – 17 December 2003 in Bratislava), born Karol Legény, was a Slovak director, actor, art director, costume designer and pedagogue. Performer of many characteristic and comedian Slovak and world classics roles, including works of Ivan Stodola, Jozef Gregor-Tajovský, Molière, Alexander Ostrovsky, Aleksander Fredro.

Jozef Gregor-Tajovský
Jozef Gregor, better known as Jozef Gregor-Tajovský (18 November 1874 – 20 May 1940), was a Slovak novelist, playwright, poet, teacher, and politician.
As a novelist, he is considered to be a leading figure of the second wave of Slovak literary realism and as a playwright, he is the founder of Slovak realistic drama. His plays are still part of the core repertoire of Slovak professional theatres, including the Slovak National Theatre, as well as various other domestic and foreign stages.
Justin Fletcher
Justin Fletcher (born 15 June 1970) is an English children's television presenter, actor, comedian and singer, known for mainly appearing on CBeebies. Speaking and performing in various, often self-created, roles, he specialises in slapstick comedy and works with children with special educational needs through his show Something Special.

Playdays
Playdays (known as Playbus until December 1989) is an English pre-school television programme which ran from 1988 to 1997 on Children's BBC. The show was the successor to Play School and, like its predecessor, was designed as an educational programme.

The show's name was changed after the BBC received a complaint from the National Playbus Association.

In 2002, reruns were moved to the new CBeebies channel until August 2004.
Shane McElrath
Shane McElrath (born 11 August 1994) is an American professional Motocross and Supercross racer.

McElrath is a two-time FIM Supercross World Champion, winning the SX2 class in 2022 and 2024.

He has ridden as a professional in the AMA Supercross Championship and AMA Motocross Championship since 2013. In this time he has finished second twice in the 250SX West class and once in the 250SX East class.

In addition to his FIM World Championship title's, McElrath also won the SX2 class of the Australian Supercross Championship in 2024.

FIM Supercross World Championship
The FIM Supercross World Championship is the premier championship for international stadium supercross racing. It is organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), the global governing body of motorcycle racing.
Congo's Caper
Congo's Caper is a side-scrolling platform action video game developed and published for the Super NES by Data East. The game was released in Japan in 1992. A North American version was released in May 1993. It was later released on the Nintendo Switch via the Nintendo Classics service on May 26, 2022.

The game is planned to be included along with its predecessor and successor games in a compilation called Joe & Mac Retro Collection, to be released for modern consoles in 2026.

1992 in video games
1992 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Dragon Quest V, Final Fantasy V, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, Street Fighter II: Champion Edition, Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins, and Super Mario Kart, along with new titles such as Art of Fighting, Lethal Enforcers, Mortal Kombat and Virtua Racing.

The year's highest-grossing video game worldwide was Capcom's arcade fighting game Street Fighter II for the second year in a row, while also being the year's highest-grossing entertainment product. The year's best-selling home system was the Game Boy for the third year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video games were Sonic the Hedgehog 2 for the Mega Drive/Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System port of Street Fighter II, which were both also the year's highest-grossing home entertainment products.
Gary Speak
Gary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer.  Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born at Chorley, Lancashire.

Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981.  He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total of 68 overs, taking just a single wicket, having conceded 230 runs. With the bat, he scored 27 runs at a batting average of 13.50, with a high score of 15 not out.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.