hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grudynia Mała
Grudynia Mała [ɡruˈdɨɲa ˈmawa], additional name in German: Klein Grauden, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pawłowiczki, within Kędzierzyn-Koźle County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Kędzierzyn-Koźle County
Kędzierzyn-Koźle County (Polish: powiat kędzierzyńsko-kozielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Kędzierzyn-Koźle, which lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Opole.

The county covers an area of 625.28 square kilometres (241.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 94,135, out of which the population of Kędzierzyn-Koźle is 60,852 and the rural population is 33,283.
Bortz
Notable people with the surname Bortz or Börtz include:

Bortz (chieftain), 13th-century Cuman chieftain

Analia Bortz (born 1967), Argentine medical doctor and rabbi

Chris Bortz (born 1973), American politician

Cindy Bortz, American figure skater

Daniel Börtz (born 1943), Swedish composer

Mark Bortz (born 1961), American football player

Rudolf Bortz (born 1938), German sports shooter

Walter Bortz II (1930–2023), American researcher and medical doctor

Walter M. Bortz III (1944–2023), American university president

Bortz (chieftain)
Bortz, also Boricius (Hungarian: Borc), was a Cuman chieftain in the 13th century. He voluntarily converted to Christianity in 1227, acknowledging the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Hungary. Within a year, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania was established in Bortz's land along the river Siret in present-day Romania.
Francisco Barrios (musician)
Francisco Arturo Barrios Martínez also known by the name El Mastuerzo, is a Mexican musician, composer, record producer, actor and drummer of the band Botellita de Jeréz. El Mastuerzo is an active composer of rolas and founder of the artist collective Kloakas Komunikantes.

Ilhéu das Rolas
Ilhéu das Rolas (also: Ilheu Gago Coutinho) is an islet in the African island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe.  It lies on the Equator, off the southern tip of São Tomé Island, separated by Canal das Rolas. Its maximum elevation is 96 m (315 ft). Its population was 76 at the 2012 census. It is part of the Caué District. Access to the island is only by ferry from Ponta Baleia on São Tomé Island. There is a lighthouse on the islet, built in 1929, whose focal height is 106 metres (348 ft) and range is 12 nmi (22 km; 14 mi). The island is home to a small resort, the Pestana Equador.
Garryaceae
Garryaceae is a small family of plants known commonly as the silktassels. It contains two genera:

Garrya Douglas ex Lindl., 1834. About 16–18 species.

Aucuba Thunb., 1783. About 3–10 species.

Aucuba was included in the family Cornaceae or Aucubaceae in some classification systems.

Together with Eucommia ulmoides the Garryaceae are currently placed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in an own order, the Garryales.

David Douglas (botanist)
David Douglas (25 June 1799 – 12 July 1834) was a Scottish botanist, best known as the namesake of the Douglas fir. He worked as a gardener, and explored the Scottish Highlands, North America and Hawaii, where he died. The standard author abbreviation Douglas is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Quan Hansheng
Quan Hansheng (simplified Chinese: 全汉升; traditional Chinese: 全漢昇; pinyin: Quán Hànshēng; Wade–Giles: Chu'an Han-Sheng, Chuan Han-Sheng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Choân Hàn-seng; September 19, 1912 – November 29, 2001) was a Chinese economic historian. Quan's research focused on Chinese monetary history, commodity prices and foreign trade. He elected an Academician of Academia Sinica in 1984, and he held professorships at National Taiwan University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.
André Corriveau (filmmaker)
André Corriveau (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁe kɔʁivo]) is a film editor and director from Quebec, Canada. Corriveau won the Gemini Awards once (1994), and the Genie Award twice (1981 and 1985). In addition to the wins, he has one nomination to the Gemini Awards, six nominations to the Genie Awards, and one nomination to the Jutra Awards.

His editing credits include the 2004 documentary My Son Shall Be Armenian.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Ralphs Bay
Ralphs Bay is a body of water in south-east Tasmania, Australia.  It is semi-enclosed by the Tranmere / Rokeby peninsula and the South Arm peninsula. Sea access to the bay is from the River Derwent.

Ralphs Bay is a shallow, windy bay, situated on the south-east of the Derwent Estuary, about 12 kilometres from the south-east of Hobart in Tasmania, Australia. The bay is sheltered by the low, grassy hills of Droughty Point to the north-west and the spit of South Arm and Opossum Bay to the south-west.

Tranmere, Tasmania
Tranmere (palawa kani: trumanyapayna) is a rural residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Clarence in the Hobart LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south-east of the town of Rosny Park. The 2016 census recorded a population of 1701 for the state suburb of Tranmere.
It is a suburb of greater Hobart. It is accessed from, and shares a border with Howrah, which lies to its north. Rokeby lies to its east. Historically referred to as

Tranmere is a riverside suburb, with views across the Derwent River to the Hobart city centre.
Irving Hexham
Irving R. Hexham FRHistS FRAI (born 14 April 1943) is an English-Canadian academic who has published twenty-three books and numerous articles, chapters, and book reviews. Currently, he is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, married to Karla Poewe who is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Calgary, and the father of two children. He holds dual British and Canadian citizenship.

Studies in Religion
Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in English and French in the field of theology. The editors-in-chief are Alain Bouchard (Collège de Sainte-Foy) and Patricia Dold (Memorial University of Newfoundland). It was established 1971 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion.
Filmform
Filmform is a Swedish foundation dedicated to promotion, distribution and preservation of Swedish art film and experimental video. Founded in 1950, it was originally known as Svensk Experimentfilmstudio and was later called Arbetsgruppen för Film (AFF). The Filmform collection includes 1,200 titles from 1924 until today. Filmform is supported by the Arts Grants Committee of the Ministry of Culture and the Swedish Arts Council.

On 31 October 2020, Filmform organized a screening in Stockholm to reconstruct the original screening 70 years prior at the National Museum.

Ministry of Culture (Sweden)
The Ministry of Culture (Swedish: Kulturdepartementet) is a ministry within the government of Sweden responsible for culture policy. The ministry is headed by the Minister for Culture, currently Parisa Liljestrand (m).

The Ministry of Culture is located at Drottninggatan 16 in central Stockholm.
Tales from the Vinegar Side
Tales from the Vinegar Side is the 1990 second album by Gigolo Aunts, released on Imposible Records in Spain.  The record contains a cover of the Chris Bell composition "I Am the Cosmos" and the song "Down on Me", a modest Boston radio hit.  This release was the first of several for the band in Spain, where they are very popular, including a split single with the Posies of "I Am the Cosmos" in 1992 on Munster Records.

The Posies
The Posies were an American rock band. The band was formed in 1986 in Bellingham, Washington, United States, by primary songwriters Jon Auer and Ken Stringfellow.

Their music has its origins in Merseybeat and the Hollies. They are influenced by Hüsker Dü, XTC, Elvis Costello and Squeeze.

The band split up in October 2021, following several allegations of sexual misconduct made against bandmember Ken Stringfellow.
Church of St. John the Baptist (Virginia, Minnesota)
The Church of St. John the Baptist was a historic church building in Virginia, Minnesota, United States.  It was built in 1924 by a Polish American congregation of Roman Catholics.  In 1980 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name Church of St. John the Baptist (Catholic) for its local significance in the themes of religion and social history.  It was nominated for serving as the center of religious and social life for Virginia's Polish Americans.

The parish moved to a new building on the same block, the Holy Spirit Catholic Church, in the 1970s.  The Church of St. John, little used for years, was demolished in December 2018 to make room for a playground and expanded parking lot for the adjacent parochial school.

Virginia, Minnesota
Virginia is a city in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States. With an economy heavily reliant on large-scale iron ore mining, Virginia is considered the Mesabi Iron Range's commercial center. The population was 8,421 at the 2020 census. Virginia is a part of the Duluth metropolitan area, and U.S. Highway 53 runs through town.
Harry Ziegler
Harry Ziegler is a German historian. He was a senior lecturer at the University of Lincoln until 2019. He taught continental European history of the 19th and 20th centuries, with an emphasis on their political and cultural aspects and interactions. His main focus was on German history of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as exploring the relationship between popular fictions and the societies in which they are produced and consumed.

In the 2011 Lincoln Council elections he ran as the Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition candidate.

Ziegler studied at Sciences Po and completed a Master of Arts (MA) at the University of Stuttgart.

University of Stuttgart
The University of Stuttgart (German: Universität Stuttgart) is a public research university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized into 10 faculties. It is one of the oldest technical universities in Germany with programs in civil, mechanical, industrial and electrical engineering, among others. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the nine oldest German institutes of technology.
Andrew L. Sevier
Andrew Leonard Sevier Sr. (November 9, 1894 – March 26, 1962), was an American attorney from Tallulah, Louisiana, who served for thirty years from 1932 until his death as a Democratic member of the Louisiana State Senate. He represented the 32nd District, which then included Madison, East Carroll, Tensas, and Concordia parishes.

A descendant of John Sevier -- a fighter in the American Revolution, former governor of Tennessee, and the namesake of Sevierville and Sevier County near Knoxville -- he was a World War I veteran. A founder member of a Tallulah law firm, Spencer Sevier & Adams, at the time of his death, he was serving as president of the Federal Land Bank, of which he had been a member since 1933.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
2MASS 1237+6526
2MASS J12373919+6526148 (hereafter 2MASS 1237+6526) is a brown dwarf object with late spectral type T in the constellation of Draco, nearly 34 light-years away from the Sun. The substellar object could likely host a very low-mass companion (yet undetected but inferred), possibly in the planetary regime. This has been inferred from unusual Hα emission that it exhibited in the past.

Radio observations with the Very Large Array detected the brown dwarf. The strong detection is due to weakly circularly polarized (~35%) quiescent emission as well as pulsed emission, including a strong pulse that was highly circularly polarized (~80%). Two weaker pulses occurred before and after this strong pulse. This constrained the rotation period to 2.28+0.10−0.09 h. 2MASS 1237+6526 may potentially show aurorae, which would be significant since extrasolar aurorae have not been detected, but this has not been conclusively demonstrated.

Hydrogen-alpha
Hydrogen-alpha, typically shortened to H-alpha or Hα, is a deep-red visible spectral line of the hydrogen atom  with a wavelength of 656.28 nm in air and 656.46 nm in vacuum. It is the first spectral line in the Balmer series and is emitted when an electron falls from a hydrogen atom's third- to second-lowest energy level. H-alpha has applications in astronomy where its emission can be observed from emission nebulae and from features in the Sun's atmosphere, including solar prominences and the chromosphere.
Great Flood of 1881
The Great Flood of 1881 was along the Missouri River between April 1, 1881, and April 27, 1881.  The flood began around Pierre, South Dakota and struck areas down river in Yankton, South Dakota, Omaha, Nebraska, Council Bluffs, Iowa, Nebraska City, Nebraska, Kansas City, Missouri, and farther south.  This was the first detailed reporting of Missouri River flooding, and caused millions of dollars in damage.

Nebraska City, Nebraska
Nebraska City is a city in and the county seat of Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,222.

The Nebraska State Legislature has credited Nebraska City as being the oldest incorporated city in the state, as it was the first approved by a special act of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature in 1855.

Nebraska City is the home of Arbor Day, the Missouri River Basin Lewis and Clark Center (which focuses on the natural history achievements of the expedition), and the Mayhew Cabin, the only site in the state recognized by the National Park Service as a station on the Underground Railroad.
Günter Rittner
Günter Rittner (11 March 1927 – 23 November 2020) was a German painter and illustrator. He ranks among the best known German portrayers of the 20th Century. Rittner's portraits of Ludwig Erhard as well as of Kurt Georg Kiesinger are the foundation of the Gallery of Chancellors, established in 1976 by former Chancellor Helmut Schmidt in the Bundeskanzleramt in Berlin.

Illustration
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters, flyers, magazines, books, teaching materials, animations, video games and films. An illustration is typically created by an illustrator. Digital illustrations are often used to make websites and apps more user-friendly, such as the use of emojis to accompany digital type. Illustration also means providing an example; either in writing or in picture form.

The origin of the word "illustration" is late Middle English (in the sense ‘illumination; spiritual or intellectual enlightenment’): via Old French from Latin illustratio(n-), from the verb illustrare.
Neuer Marstall
The Neuer Marstall (English: New Stables) is a listed historic building in Berlin, Germany located on the Schloßplatz and the Spree River. Completed in 1901 and facing the former Royal Palace, the neo-Baroque "New Stables" once sheltered the Royal equerry, horses and carriages of Imperial Germany. The complex also included three enclosed courtyards, a riding school, and the Knights College.

Severely damaged in World War II, the building was partially repaired in the 1960s and used as an exhibition space for the Berlin Academy of Arts. After more renovations in 2005, the building became the home of the Hanns Eisler Academy of Music and the Berlin City Library. More restoration work has continued since 2007. Lonely Planet lists the Neuer Marstall at  number 79 in their 815 "things to do" in Berlin.

Academy of Arts, Berlin
The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.

The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.
General of the Artillery (Russian Empire)
In the Imperial Russian army, General of the Artillery was the second-highest possible rank, below Generalissimo of Russia or General-Fieldmarshal, produced by splitting General-in-Chief into service branches.  The rank derived from that of Feldzeugmeister (literally: "field equipment master") used in German-speaking armies and was introduced into Russia by Peter the Great in 1699.  The first holder of the rank was the Georgian prince Alexander of Imereti.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
Kasete Naufahu Skeen
Kasete Naufahu Skeen (born 10 September 1982) is the first Tongan alpine skier to compete at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships.

Skeen was born in London to an English mother and Tongan father. He grew up in Notting Hill attending Holland Park School.

Skeen competed in the giant slalom qualification race at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 held at St Moritz, Switzerland. Whilst training in Val di Fiemme, Italy, Skeen was given the nickname "Il Tomba di Tonga" (The Tomba of Tonga) referring to the Italian alpine ski racer Alberto Tomba.

Skeen is also a musician, composing and performing on Nero's albums Welcome Reality and Into the Unknown and with his own band Ilaheva.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Raimo Grönberg
Raimo Grönberg (born 8 March 1953 in Oulu, Finland) is a Finnish actor whose career has mainly based on television.

Grönberg began acting in 1978 on television working consistently throughout the 1980s and 1990s appearing in a number of TV series. In film he starred in 1978's The Guarded Village 1944 (Finnish: Vartioitu kylä 1944), the 2003 film Sibelius working with Finnish director Timo Koivusalo and actors such as Martti Suosalo, Heikki Nousiainen, Seela Sella, Miina Turunen and Vesa Vierikko.

He once again worked with director Koivusalo in Kaksipäisen kotkan varjossa in 2005. He is scheduled to star in another Koivusalo film Täällä Pohjantähden alla in 2009.

2009–2013 Grönberg played Seargeant Härmälä in very popular Finnish countryside drama series Pirunpelto. Grönberg is also known as Gunnar Mustavaara in MTV3's soap opera Salatut elämät (2017–). In 2018 he appeared in crime drama series Deadwind.

Sibelius (film)
Sibelius is a 2003 Finnish film biography of Jean Sibelius directed and written by Timo Koivusalo. It is the first full-length feature film about the famous composer.

Filming began in July 2002. The film was released on 12 September 2003, but before that it was shown for the first time at the Sibelius Festival in Lahti on 4 September 2003. When it was released widely, it was the second most watched domestic film of 2003.
Ruin marble
Ruin marble is a kind of limestone or siltstone that contains light and dark patterns. The name is misleading – it is not a marble.

It originates mostly from the city of Florence, Tuscany, in central Italy.
Its color pattern consists mainly of gray, brown and reddish, sometimes also blue and black, giving it the impression of a ruined landscape painting. The patterns (similar to Liesegang rings) develop during diagenesis due to periodic rhythmic precipitation of iron and manganese hydroxides from oxidizing aqueous fluids, restricted laterally by calcite and clay filled joints.

Liesegang rings
Liesegang rings (/ˈliːzəɡɑːŋ/) are a phenomenon seen in many, if not most, chemical systems undergoing a precipitation reaction under certain conditions of concentration and in the absence of convection. Rings are formed when weakly soluble salts are produced from reaction of two soluble substances, one of which is dissolved in a gel medium. The phenomenon is most commonly seen as rings in a Petri dish or bands in a test tube; however, more complex patterns have been observed, such as dislocations of the ring structure in a Petri dish, helices, and "Saturn rings" in a test tube. Despite continuous investigation since rediscovery of the rings in 1896, the mechanism for the formation of Liesegang rings is still unclear.
Don Rudd
Donald S. Rudd (born June 13, 1950) is a Canadian curler.

He is a 1992 World Men's bronze medallist and a 1992 Labatt Brier champion.

He started curling in 1960 when he was 10 years old.

In 2005 he was inducted in the Manitoba Curling Association Hall of Fame with all of the 1992 and 1993 Vic Peters' champions team.

1992 World Men's Curling Championship
The 1992 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as 1992 Canada Safeway World Men's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) took place from March 28 – April 5, 1992, at the Olympic Eisstadion in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.