hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Science and Technology Policy Institute
The Science and Technology Policy Institute (STPI, IPA: stɪpi "stip-ee") is a federally funded research and development center located in Washington, D.C. STPI provides objective research and analysis on science and technology policy issues in support of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), as well as for its sponsor, the National Science Foundation, and other science-performing federal agencies. STPI is administered by the non-profit Institute for Defense Analyses, located in Alexandria, Virginia. As of May 2020, Kristen Kulinowski is the current director of STPI.

Scientometrics
Scientometrics is a subfield of informetrics that studies quantitative aspects of scholarly literature. Major research issues in scientometrics include the measurement of the impact of research papers and academic journals, the understanding of scientific citations, and the use of such measurements in policy and management contexts.

In practice, there is a substantial overlap between scientometrics and other scientific fields, including information systems, information science, the science of science policy, the sociology of science, and metascience. Critics have argued that overreliance on scientometrics has created a system of perverse incentives, producing a publish or perish environment that leads to low-quality research.
1954 Florida Gators football team
The 1954 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1954 college football season. The season was the fifth for Bob Woodruff as the Florida Gators football team's head coach. The Gators' standout players included running back Mal Hammack. The season was one of mixed results for the Gators: their best-ever Southeastern Conference (SEC) win–loss record, balanced by five overall losses. The highlights of the season were five SEC wins over the fifth-ranked Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (13–12), Auburn Tigers (19–13), Kentucky Wildcats (21–7), Mississippi State Maroons (7–0) and Tennessee Volunteers (14–0). Woodruff's 1954 Florida Gators finished 5–5 overall and 5–2 in the SEC, placing third in the twelve-team conference—their best SEC showing to date.

1954 Auburn Tigers football team
The 1954 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1954 college football season. It was the Tigers' 63rd overall and 22nd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph "Shug" Jordan, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins and three losses (8–3 overall, 3–3 in the SEC) and with a victory over Baylor in the Gator Bowl.
United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (in case citations, W.D. Pa.) is a federal trial court that sits in Pittsburgh, Erie, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law. Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.
The Hollow Needle
The Hollow Needle is a novel by Maurice Leblanc featuring the adventures of the gentleman thief, Arsène Lupin. As with the preceding two volumes of the Arsène Lupin stories, this was first serialized in the French magazine Je sais tout from November 1908 to May 1909. The novel was released, with a few modifications, in June 1909.

Gentleman thief
A gentleman thief, gentleman burglar, lady thief, or phantom thief is a stock character in fiction. A gentleman or lady thief is characterised by impeccable manners, charm, courtesy, and the avoidance of physical force or intimidation to steal, and often has inherited wealth. They steal not only to gain material wealth but also for the thrill of the act itself, which is often combined in fiction with correcting a moral wrong, selecting wealthy targets, or stealing only particularly rare or challenging objects.
Hugh Archer (politician)
Hugh Archer (August 21, 1796 – January 23, 1858) was a politician in Florida. Archer settled in Leon County in the Florida Territory in the 1830s.  Prior to Florida statehood, he represented Leon County in the Florida Legislative Council beginning in 1840 and was Chief Clerk of the House from 1842 to 1845.  Upon statehood, he was the first Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives in 1845 but resigned later that year.  From August 26, 1845, to January 2, 1847, and July 24, 1847, to December 28, 1847, he was Florida Comptroller.  In 1850, he was again Speaker of the House.  During his political career he was an ally of both David Levy Yulee and Thomas Brown.

Florida Territory
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the state of Florida. Originally the major portion of the Spanish territory of La Florida, and later the provinces of East Florida and West Florida, it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council.
Petr Jelínek
Petr Jelínek (born 19 June 1984) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player.

Jelínek played previously also for Moose Jaw Warriors, Prince George Cougars, HC Slovan Ústečtí Lvi, HC Slavia Praha, HC Rebel Havlíčkův Brod and MšHK Žilina.

His father Tomáš played mainly for HC Sparta Praha and won an Olympic bronze medal with Czechoslovakia in 1992, and elder brother Tomáš Jr played mainly in the domestic lower leagues and in France.

Vlci Žilina
Vlci Žilina is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Žilina. They currently play in the Slovak Extraliga. The club has won the Slovak league championship in 2006. The team is nicknamed Vlci, it means Wolves in English.
Kho'ini dialect
Kho'ini (alternatives: Xoini, Xo'ini, Khoeini, or Di) is a Tatic dialect or language spoken in northwestern Iran, and is one of many Western Iranian languages.  It is spoken in the village of Xoin and surrounding areas, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Zanjan city in northern Iran.  The Xoini verbal system follows the general pattern found in other Tati dialects. However, the dialect has its own special characteristics such as continuous present which is formed by the past stem, a preverb shift, and the use of connective sounds. The dialect is in danger of extinction.

Uses of English verb forms
Modern standard English has various verb forms, including:

Finite verb forms such as go, goes and went

Nonfinite forms such as (to) go, going and gone

Combinations of such forms with auxiliary verbs, such as was going and would have gone

They can be used to express tense (time reference), aspect, mood, modality and voice, in various configurations.

For details of how inflected forms of verbs are produced in English, see English verbs. For the grammatical structure of clauses, including word order, see English clause syntax. For non-standard or archaic forms, see individual dialect articles and thou.
Ecuador Highway 20
Ecuador Highway 20 (E-20), known officially as "Transversal Norte" (North Transversal), is a highway in Ecuador which crosses the provinces of Esmeraldas, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Pichincha, Napo and Orellana. The E20 is 336-kilometre-long (209 mi).

Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province
Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanto ðoˈmiŋgo ðe los ˈtsatʃilas]) is a province in the Republic of Ecuador, created in October 2007 from territory previously in the province of Pichincha.
Keystone Academy
The Keystone Academy (北京市鼎石学校; alternatively Beijing City Dingshi School) is a private K–12 school in Shunyi, Beijing, China. It was founded in 2014. The school offers IB Middle Year Program for Grade 6–10 and IB Diploma Program for Grade 11–12.

Malcolm McKenzie founded Keystone Academy, which opened in 2014. Beijing Meilian Wenhua Investment Co., Ltd. (北京美联文华投资有限公司) was one of the school's investors. According to the school, it employs a curriculum that mimics that of Sidwell Friends School. The Xinhua News Agency said that Keystone Academy charged more than CN¥200,000 (US$31,008) annually for each student, amounting to "four times the disposable income of an average Beijinger in 2015".

IB Middle Years Programme
The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (MYP) is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 and 16 around the world as part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) continuum. The Middle Years Programme is intended to prepare students for the three-year IB Diploma Programme and IB Career-related Programmes.

It is used by many schools internationally, and has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP: New Chapter.

In the Middle Years Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups: Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.
Jakub Černý
Jakub Černý (born March 5, 1987) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently a free agent.

He played with HC Litvínov in the Czech Extraliga for five seasons, from the 2006–07 Czech Extraliga season till the 2010–11 Czech Extraliga season. In 2011 he moved to TPS, which plays in the SM-liiga, the top professional ice hockey league in Finland.

Černý has played for the Czech Republic men's national under-18 ice hockey team in the 2005 IIHF World U18 Championships and for the Czech Republic men's national junior ice hockey team in the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Czechia men's national under-18 ice hockey team
The Czech Republic men's national under-18 ice hockey team is the men's national under-18 ice hockey team of the Czech Republic. The team is controlled by the Czech Ice Hockey Association, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. The team represents the Czech Republic at the IIHF World U18 Championships.
Henry III of Nassau-Breda
Count Henry III of Nassau-Dillenburg-Dietz (12 January 1483 – 14 September 1538), Lord (from 1530 Baron) of Breda, Lord of the Lek, of Dietz, etc. was a count of the House of Nassau.

He was born in Siegen, the son of Count John V of Nassau-Dillenburg and Elisabeth of Hesse-Marburg. His younger brother was William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (the father of William the Silent).

Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
Caereinion
Caereinion (fort of Einion) was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys, or possibly it was a commote (cwmwd) within a cantref called Llŷs Wynaf. It was divided into the manors of Uwch Coed and Is Coed.

It lay towards the south of the kingdom, bordering with the commote of Mochnant Uwch Rhaeadr of the cantref of Mochnant and the cantref of Mechain to the north, the commotes of Ystrad Marchell and Llanerch Hudol in the cantref of Ystlyg to the east, the cantrefi of Cedewain to the south and Cyfeiliog to the west.

It roughly corresponds to the later hundred of Mathrafal.

Castle Caereinion, Caereinion Fechan, Llanfair Caereinion, Llanerfyl, Llangadfan, Llangyniew and part of Berriew are within the territory of this cantref.

Llanerfyl
Llanerfyl is a village and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales. Located near the River Banwy, the community includes the village of Llanerfyl, several farms and wide tracts of marchland. The southern part of the community includes Cwm Nant yr Eira, which suffered severe depopulation in the 20th century. The 2001 census gives the population of the community as 402, increasing slightly to 406 at the 2011 Census.

The village contains St Erfyl's church, named after Erfyl, rebuilt in 1870. It contains the remnants of a 15th-century shrine. The circular churchyard has in it a gravestone from either the 5th or 6th century commemorating the death of a young girl, identified locally with Erfyl:

HIC [IN] / TUM(V)LO IAC/IT R[O]STE/ECE FILIA PA/TERNINI / AN(N)IS XIII IN / PA(CE)('In the grave here lies *Rhostege daughter of Padarn, 13 years, in peace').
Larini
Larini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Larini (born 1968), Italian racing driver

Fabrizio Larini (born 1953), Italian sporting director

Nicola Larini (born 1964), Italian racing driver

Fabrizio Larini
Fabrizio Larini (born 31 March 1953, in Parma) is an Italian former footballer who has served as Sporting Director of Novara Calcio since November 2013. He played as a midfielder.

After beginning his playing career in the youth system of Internazionale, Larini made numerous appearances in the second and third tiers of Italian football, including five seasons in Serie B (four with Palermo and one with SPAL), and spells in the third tier with Solbiatese, Trento, Cremonese, Parma and Reggiana. He played as a midfielder.

Larini was sporting director of Udinese from 2010 to 2013, and took up the equivalent post with Novara in November 2013.
Marius Erlandsen
Marius Erlandsen (born 8 May 1979 in Mo i Rana, Norway) is a Norwegian auto racing driver. He has international experience from the British Formula Ford Championship, Swedish Touring Car Championship, and GT racing in a Porsche 911 GT3 RS. He won the Norwegian Standard Production Championship in 2008.

Erlandsen has worked at the Brands Hatch circuit as a racing instructor at the Nigel Mansell Racing School, teaching high-performance driving racecars such as Dodge Viper, Ferrari, Porsche and Lotus.

Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit in West Kingsdown, Kent, England. Originally used as a grasstrack motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently hosts many British and International racing events. The venue is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
1995 Newsweek Champions Cup and the State Farm Evert Cup
The 1995 Newsweek Champions Cup and the State Farm Evert Cup were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Indian Wells Masters and was part of the Championship Series, Single Week of the 1995 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 1995 WTA Tour. They were held at the Grand Champions Resort in Indian Wells, California, in the United States, with the men's tournament played from March 6 through March 13, 1995, while the women's tournament took place from February 27 through March 5, 1995.

WTA Tier II tournaments
The WTA Tier II tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis second-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed tournament categories, so that majority of Tier I and Tier II tournaments from the previous season were in one category, the WTA Premier Tournaments.
Mont Niénokoué
Mont Niénokoué is an inselberg in the Taï National Park in the Bas-Sassandra District of south-west Ivory Coast. Its summit is 396 meters (1299 ft) above sea level and 216 meters above the surrounding terrain. Its base circumference is about 40 kilometers.

The average temperature is 21 °C. The warmest month is February, at 23 °C, and the coldest August, at 17 °C. The average rainfall is 1,979 millimeters per year. The wettest month is June, with an average of 307 millimeters of rain, and the driest January, with 37 millimeters.

Inselberg
An inselberg or monadnock (/məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.
If the inselberg is dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss, it can also be called a bornhardt, though not all bornhardts are inselbergs. An inselberg results when a body of rock resistant to erosion, such as granite, occurring within a body of softer rocks, is exposed by differential erosion and lowering of the surrounding landscape.
2019 MPBL playoffs
The 2019 MPBL playoffs, also known as the MPBL Datu Cup playoffs, was the postseason tournament of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League's 2018–19 season, the league's second overall, and the first under the 16-team playoff format. The postseason tournament began on March 12, day after the end of regular season on March 11, 2019, and ended at the conclusion of the 2019 MPBL finals. The 2019 MPBL finals saw the Davao Occidental Tigers battled San Juan Knights for the national championship, with the Knights winning in five games, 3 games to 2.

2018–19 MPBL season
The 2018–19 MPBL season, also known as the MPBL Datu Cup, was the second season of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League. The regular season began on June 12, 2018 with the opening ceremonies Smart Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, and ended on March 11, 2019. The league also held its first ever All-Star Game at the SM Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay on March 2, 2019. The playoffs then began on March 12, 2019 and ended on April 25, 2019 when the San Juan Knights defeated the Davao Occidental Tigers in five games in the 2019 MPBL finals.

This season saw sixteen expansion teams, nearly tripling its size from 10 to 26 teams. It also marked the league's national expansion, with five of those teams coming from Visayas and Mindanao. This resulted in the league dividing into the North and South Divisions, although this only affected playoff seeding and not the overall format of the season, with the playoffs itself expanding to sixteen teams, eight per division.
Tinnahinch Castle
Tinnahinch Castle (Irish: Caislean Tigh na hInse) is a ruined tower house located near River Barrow in Tinnahinch, County Carlow, Ireland. It has a rectangular structure with a stair tower at the southwest angle, a machicolation between the angles of the two towers protecting the doorway, and a bartizan on the north east angle. All of the windows in the north wall have been stolen.

At the eastern corner nearest to the river was a barbican which was constructed on corbels projecting from the walls which defended the northern and eastern sides.

The tower is planned to be destroyed due to safety concerns.

Bartizan
A bartizan (an alteration of bratticing), also called a guerite, garita, or échauguette, or spelled bartisan, is an overhanging turret projecting from the walls of late-medieval and early-modern fortifications from the early 14th century up to the 18th century. Most frequently found at corners, they protected a warder and enabled him to see his surroundings. Bartizans are generally furnished with oillets or arrow slits. The turret was usually supported by stepped masonry corbels and could be round, polygonal or square.

Bartizans were incorporated into many notable examples of Scottish Baronial architecture. In the architecture of Aberdeen, the new Town House, built in 1868–74, incorporates bartizans in the West Tower.
IC 5337
IC 5337 or JW100, is a spiral galaxy located 800 million light-years away from the Solar System in the constellation of Pegasus.

It was discovered by French astronomer, Stephane Javelle on November 25, 1897 and is probably gravitationally bound to IC 5338, the brightest cluster galaxy in Abell 2626. According to SIMBAD, IC 5337 is considered an emission-line galaxy.

IC 5337 is a jellyfish galaxy, mainly due to ram pressure. Star-forming gas are thrown about, as the galaxy penetrates through the thin gas layer and causing them to drip from the galaxy's disc, giving it its unique appearance of a cosmic jellyfish. It has a stellar mass of 3.2 × 1011 M⊙ and contains an active galactic nucleus likely trigged by accretion of matter into its supermassive black hole.

In addition, IC 5337 also shows an X-ray source.

Stéphane Javelle
Stéphane Javelle (Lyon, 16 November 1864 – 3 August 1917) was a French astronomer. Since 1888 he worked assisting Henri Perrotin at the Nice Observatory, and observed 1431 objects published in the Index Catalogue.  He initially worked as an accountant before his employer's friend, Louis Thollon recommended him to Perrotin. He was awarded the Valz Prize in 1910 by the French Academy of Sciences.
Edwin Le Grice
Christianity portal

Frederick Edwin Le Grice (1911–1992) was an English Anglican priest in the latter part of the 20th century.

He was born on 14 December 1911 at Harleston, Norfolk and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1936 he began his career with   curacies in Leeds and Paignton. Subsequently, Vicar of Totteridge he was then  appointed a Canon Residentiary of St Albans Cathedral, a post he held until his appointment as Dean of Ripon in 1968. He retired in 1984 after 16 years in post and died on 25 June 1992 at Ripon.

A large stained glass window in the Cathedral is dedicated to Edwin Le Grice. It features medieval stained glass found when the Cathedral was being restored and a line of one of his poems, "Surround us with your symphony of praise, God's messengers of light.'

St Albans Cathedral
St Albans Cathedral, officially the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban, also known as "the Abbey", is a Church of England cathedral in St Albans, England.

Much of its architecture dates from Norman times. It ceased to be an abbey following its dissolution in the 16th century and became a cathedral in 1877. Although legally a cathedral church, it differs in certain particulars from most other cathedrals in England, being also used as a parish church, of which the dean is rector with the same powers, responsibilities and duties as those of any other parish. At 85 metres long, it has the longest nave of any cathedral in England.

Probably founded in the 8th century, the present building is Norman or Romanesque architecture of the 11th century, with Gothic and 19th-century additions.
2015 FBD Insurance League
The 2015 FBD Insurance League was an inter-county and colleges Gaelic football competition in the province of Connacht. As well as the five county teams, three colleges' teams competed: Institute of Technology, Sligo, NUI Galway and Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT). Roscommon won.

University of Galway
The University of Galway (Irish: Ollscoil na Gaillimhe) is a public research university located in the city of Galway, Ireland. The university was founded in 1845 as Queen's College, Galway. It was known as "University College, Galway" (UCG) (Irish: Coláiste na hOllscoile, Gaillimh) from 1908 to 1997 and as "National University of Ireland Galway" (NUI Galway) (Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh; OÉ Gaillimh) from 1997 to 2022. In September 2022, it changed its name to "Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway". It is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of 42 long-established European universities.