hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monagh River
The Monagh River is a river in Ireland. The river flows through three counties: Westmeath, Offaly and Meath. The river is also connected to other rivers in the area including Milltown River in Westmeath, and the Yellow River on the Meath–Offaly border. The mouth of the river is 0.7 miles (1.12 km) south of Castlejordan while the head of the river is 0.2 miles (0.32 km) east of Smithstown.

Castlejordan, County Meath
Castlejordan (Irish: Caisleán Shiurdáin) is a village and townland in County Meath, Ireland. It is located in the south of the county, close to the border with County Offaly, to the south of Kinnegad. The townland of Castlejordan has an area of approximately 2.2 square kilometres (0.85 sq mi), and had a population of 85 people as of the 2011 census.
Operating theater
An operating theater (or operation theater, OT; also known as an operating room or OR, as well as an operating suite or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in an aseptic environment.

Historically, the term operating theater referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are usually devoid of a theater setting, making the term operating theater a misnomer in those cases.

Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.
Sydney–Melbourne rail corridor
The Sydney–Melbourne rail corridor consists of the 953-kilometre (592-mile) long 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard-gauge main line between the Australian state capitals of Sydney (New South Wales) and Melbourne (Victoria), the two largest cities in Australia and the lines immediately connected to it. Freight and passenger services operate along the route, including the NSW TrainLink XPT passenger service.

The corridor consists of the Main Southern railway line from Sydney's Central Station to Albury Station – 646 km (401 mi) – and Victoria's North East railway line – 307 km (191 mi) – from Albury to Melbourne's freight terminals and Southern Cross station.

Goulburn
Goulburn (/ɡoʊlbərn/ GOHL-bərn) is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra. It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census. Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council.

Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway. It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino, a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep.
Slowmotion Apocalypse
Slowmotion Apocalypse is an Italian melodic death metal band formed in Pordenone in 2002. They released their third album Mothra in October 2009, recorded at Planet Red Studios, Richmond, Virginia, with producer Andreas Magnusson (The Black Dahlia Murder, The Agony Scene, We Were Gentlemen, Dufresne, Oh, Sleeper) and featuring Myke Terry from Bury Your Dead and Matt Rudzinski from Killwhitneydead. At the Gates vocalist Tomas Lindberg provided guest vocals on the song "The Blessing" on their second album, Obsidian, which was produced by Ettore Rigotti and released in 2007.

Pordenone
Pordenone (Italian: [pordeˈnoːne] ⓘ; Venetian and Friulian: Pordenon) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the capital of the regional decentralization entity of Pordenone.

The name comes from Latin Portus Naonis, meaning "port on the Noncello River".
2013 triple murder of Kurdish activists in Paris
On the night of January 9th, 2013, Fidan Doğan, Sakine Cansiz and Leyla Şaylemez, three Kurdish women's activists, were assassinated in the 10th arrondissement of Paris. Despite a suspect being arrested, and the investigation into the shootings being reopened in 2019, the crime officially remains unsolved. The killings have sparked numerous protests among the Kurdish population in France.

Kurdish population
The Kurdish population is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million. Most Kurdish people live in Kurdistan, which today is split between Iranian Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkish Kurdistan, and Syrian Kurdistan.
Botyodes andrinalis
Botyodes andrinalis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae described by Pierre Viette in 1958. It is found in Madagascar.

Its wingspan is 48–55 mm, with a length of the forewings of 23–27 mm. The males are smaller than the females.
The holotype had been collected near Périnet (Analamazoatra Reserve).

Analamazaotra National Park
Analamazaotra National Park is a national park of Madagascar. The park is in the eastern portion of Madagascar's Central Highlands. The neighbouring Analamazaotra Forest Station is a local reforestation effort. It adjoins Andasibe-Mantadia National Park to the north.

The reserve is situated in the region Alaotra-Mangoro, close to Moramanga and Andasibe.

Analamazaotra National Park is located 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Moramanga and is bordered on the south by National road 2, a secondary road to Andasibe and a railway line between Antananarivo and Toamasina.
The Ship of Souls
The Ship of Souls was a 1925 western novel by Emerson Hough, published after his death. It included 16 illustrations by WHD Koerner. It was made into a 1925 silent 3-D film of the same name, The Ship of Souls.

Wilhelm Heinrich Detlev Körner
Wilhelm Heinrich Detlev "Big Bill" Körner (November 1878 – August 11, 1938), also known as Wilhelm Heinrich Dethlef Koerner, William HD Koerner, WHDK, or W.H.D. Koerner, was a noted illustrator of the American West whose works became known to new audiences when his painting, nicknamed A Charge to Keep, was used as the cover image for the ghostwritten biography by the same name by George W. Bush. This painting, which hung in the Oval Office during the Bush presidency was of special interest to journalists due to the interpretation given by Bush of the painting's meaning in light of the meaning and title attached to the painting by the artist.
Listed buildings in Whicham
Whicham is a civil parish in the Cumberland district, Cumbria, England.  It contains eleven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the villages or hamlets of Silecroft, Kirksanton, Whicham and Whitbeck and is otherwise rural.  The listed buildings comprise houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, two churches, a former brewery, a former mill, and a limekiln.

Lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called quicklime (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

This reaction can take place at anywhere above 840 °C (1,540 °F), but is generally considered to occur at 900 °C (1,650 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 1 atmosphere), but a temperature around 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) (at which temperature the partial pressure of CO2 is 3.8 atmospheres) is usually used to make the reaction proceed quickly. Excessive temperature is avoided because it produces unreactive, "dead-burned" lime.

Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) can be formed by mixing quicklime with water.
Bisphenol A bis(phthalic anhydride)
Bisphenol A bis(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA) is an organic chemical compound and a carboxylic acid anhydride. It consists of a bisphenol A molecule linked to two phthalic anhydride molecules via ether bridges.

BPADA is an important monomer for polyetherimides and polyimides, which are classified as high-performance plastics. Bisphenol A bis(phthalic anhydride) is also the starting material for bisphenol A tetracarboxylic acid, which was recently described under the name "lockdown" as an inhibitor of phosphatases PPM1F and is supposed to prevent the metastasis of tumor cells.

PPM1F
Protein phosphatase 1F is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPM1F gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase can interact with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (PIX), and thus block the effects of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK), a protein kinase mediating biological effects downstream of Rho GTPases. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma (CAMK2G/CAMK-II) is found to be one of the substrates of this phosphatase. The overexpression of this phosphatase or CAMK2G has been shown to mediate caspase-dependent apoptosis. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been identified, but its full-length nature has not been determined.
Des Gasper
Des Gasper is a development studies academic. He works as a professor of Human Development, Development Ethics and Public Policy, at the International Institute of Social Studies in the Erasmus University Rotterdam.   A major focus of his work is development ethics with important contributions examining the ways different conceptual frameworks influence development policy debates.  More recently his work has looked at migration and climate change.

Gasper is one of the co-lead editors of the Journal of Global Ethics.

Development studies
Development studies is an interdisciplinary branch of social science. Development studies is offered as a specialized master's degree in a number of reputed universities around the world. It has grown in popularity as a subject of study since the early 1990s, and has been most widely taught and researched in developing countries and countries with a colonial history, such as the UK, where the discipline originated. Students of development studies often choose careers in international organisations such as the United Nations, World Bank, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), media and journalism houses, private sector development consultancy firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) bodies and research centers.
Castelnovo di Sotto
Castelnovo di Sotto (Reggiano: Castelnōv) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Reggio Emilia.

Castelnovo di Sotto borders the following municipalities: Boretto, Cadelbosco di Sopra, Campegine, Gattatico, Gualtieri, Poviglio.

It is home of one of the most ancient carnivals in Italy, dating from the 16th century.

Emilian language
Emilian (Reggiano, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân; Bolognese: emigliàn; Piacentino: emigliän; Italian: emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna.

Emilian has a default word order of subject–verb–object and both grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) and grammatical number (singular and plural). There is a strong T–V distinction, which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. The alphabet, largely adapted from the Italian (Tuscan) one, uses a considerable number of diacritics.
Karns City Area Junior/Senior High School
Karns City Area Junior/Senior High School is  located in Karns City, Pennsylvania.  It is part of the Karns City Area School District. The school serves students residing in the Butler County, Clarion County, and Armstrong counties. The boroughs of Chicora, East Brady, Fairview, Karns City, Petrolia, and Bruin, as well as the townships of Parker, Fairview, Donegal, Perry, Sugarcreek, Brady's Bend, and Brady are within Karns City School District boundaries. The principals are Dr. Michael Stimac (Grades 10-12) and Mrs. Brenda Knoll (grades 7-9). The school colors are purple and gold. The school mascot is the Gremlin.

Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Armstrong County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,558. The county seat is Kittanning. The county was organized on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming Counties. It was named in honor of John Armstrong, who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress and served as a major general during the Revolutionary War. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
Ezerjó
Ezerjó is a white Hungarian wine grape grown primarily in the Mór region. Locally it is prized for its very fruity nose and crisp, full-bodied freshness. It is rare to find a bottle outside of Hungary as most is consumed by the local population and production is limited to certain small areas.  This wine has a very long history including being a favorite with the royals of the Habsburg dynasty.

It is also used to make sweet dessert wines.

Mór
Mór (German: Moor) is a town in Fejér County, Hungary.  Among the smaller towns in the Central Transdanubia Region of Hungary, it lies between the Vértes and Bakony Hills, in the northwestern corner of Fejér County. The historic roots of the present town go back to the Celtic and Roman period. The town is the economical, institutional and cultural centre of the small region of Mór including 13 settlements. The development of the town began with the arrival of ethnic German settlers and Capuchin monks in 1697.

The Battle of Mór on 30 December 1848 was a crucial victory for the Austrian Empire's forces in crushing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
Sulphurous Lake
Sulphurous Lake is a freshwater body in the Cariboo Region of British Columbia, generally considered to be part of the Interlakes area as it is near Deka Lake. The lake has one boat launch for motor boats and one for paddle boats, which is now listed as an official recreation site.

Recreation Sites and Trails BC
Recreation Sites and Trails BC (RSTBC) is a branch of the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. It is tasked with managing over 1,350 recreation sites and 800 trails across the province of British Columbia, Canada. These sites and trails are part of a unique network offering safe and enjoyable public recreation opportunities for both residents and visitors from around the world.
Aaron Altherr
Aaron Samuel Altherr (/ɑːlˈtɛər/ ahl-TAIR; born January 14, 1991) is a German-American professional baseball outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs of the American Association of Professional Baseball. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the ninth round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft. Altherr has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Phillies, San Francisco Giants, and New York Mets. He has also played in the KBO League for the NC Dinos.

Germany national baseball team
The Germany national baseball team is the national baseball team for Germany. They are a contender for the European Baseball Championship, and have competed in the Baseball World Cup. Jendrick Speer is the manager, since March 2023.
Byzantine–Hungarian War (1071–1072)
The Byzantine–Hungarian War (1071–1072) was the first of the series of wars between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. When Pechenegs crossed the Sava and stormed into Hungary, Solomon, King of Hungary and Duke Géza suspected that the soldiers of the Byzantine garrison at Belgrade incited the marauders against the kingdom. The Hungarians laid siege to Belgrade. In the next year, their army reached as far as Niš, taking advantage of the difficult political situation within the Byzantine Empire. Division of the war-booty caused a new conflict between Solomon and his cousins, Géza and Ladislaus, which made further war against the empire impossible.

Chronicon Pictum
The Chronicon Pictum or Illuminated Chronicle (Hungarian: Képes Krónika, Slovak: Obrázková kronika, German: Ungarische Bilderchronik, also referred to as the Illustrated Chronicle, Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon Hungarie Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the 14th century. It represents the artistic style of the royal court of King Louis I of Hungary. The codex is a unique source of art, medieval and cultural history.

The chronicle's full name is: Chronicon Pictum – Marci de Kalt Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Illustrated Chronicle – Mark of Kalt's Chronicle About the Deeds of the Hungarians).
Fukuoka Tower
Fukuoka Tower (福岡タワー, Fukuoka Tawā) is a 234-metre (768 ft) tall tower located in the Momochihama area of Fukuoka, Japan. It is the tallest seaside tower in Japan. The highest observation deck at 123 metres has a 360° view of the surrounding area, being most visited at sunset. Fukuoka Tower was finished in 1989, taking a total of 14 months to build at a cost of ¥6 billion (roughly equivalent US$45 million in 1989). It was designed by Nikken Sekkei and constructed on a reclaimed land out of Hakata Bay.

Nikken Sekkei
Nikken Sekkei Ltd. (日建設計) is an architectural, planning and engineering firm from Japan, with headquarters in Chiyoda, Tokyo. As of 2019, Nikken Sekkei ranks as the second largest architectural practice in the world.
Gizela Dali
Gizela Dali (Greek: Γκιζέλα Ντάλι; born Adamantia Mavroidi; Greek: Αδαμαντία Μαυροειδή; 23 August 1937 – 10 September 2010) was a Greek actress. She was born in 1937 in Plaka, Athens, and she died of cancer in 2010 in Naxos, aged 73. She played various lead roles in Greek and British feature films during the 1960s-70s, including in the thrillers Aimilia, the Psychopath and The Sexy Mirella, in which she played the title character.

Naxos
Naxos (/ˈnæksɒs, -soʊs/; Greek: Νάξος, pronounced [ˈnaksos]) is a Greek island belonging to the Cyclades island group. It is the largest island in the group. The largest town and capital of the island is Chora or Naxos City, with 8,897 inhabitants out of the total 20,578 in the island (2021 census). The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Vivlos, Agios Arsenios, Koronos and Glynado. It was an important centre during the Bronze Age Cycladic Culture and in the Ancient Greek Archaic Period. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best abrasives available.
Astragalus claranus
Astragalus claranus (orth. var. A. clarianus) is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names Clara Hunt's milkvetch and Napa milkvetch. It is endemic to northern California where it is known from only four or five occurrences along the border between Sonoma and Napa Counties. It is a federally listed endangered species.

Orthographical variant
In biology, within the science of scientific nomenclature, i.e. the naming of organisms, an orthographical variant (abbreviated orth. var.) in botany or an  orthographic error in zoology, is a spelling mistake, typing mistake or writing mistake within a scientific publication that resulted in a somewhat different name being accidentally used for an already-named organism. The rules that govern what to do when this happens are laid out in the relevant codes of nomenclature.
Ukbara
Ukbara (Arabic: عكبرا) was a medieval city in Iraq. It was located on the left bank of the Tigris between Samarra and Baghdad. The Tigris has changed course since, and its ruins now lie some distance from the river.

Yaqut al-Hamawi
Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (1179–1229) (Arabic: ياقوت الحموي الرومي) was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine ancestry active during the late Abbasid period (12th–13th centuries). He is known for his Mu'jam ul-Buldān, an influential work on geography containing valuable information pertaining to biography, history and literature as well as geography.
Mati Vaarmann
Mati Vaarmann (born 14 September 1951) is an Estonian diplomat.

In 1973 he graduated from Tallinn Polytechnical Institute.

Since 1992 he is working for Estonian Foreign Ministry. 1997-2001 he was Ambassador of Estonia to Finland. Since 2010 he was Ambassador of Estonia to Latvia.

In 2006 he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
J. T. Taylor (American football)
James Michael "J. T." Taylor (born August 12, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Missouri Tigers and was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the second round of the 1978 NFL draft.

1978 NFL draft
The 1978 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held May 2–3, 1978, at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Tampa Bay Buccaneers had the first overall pick in the 1978 draft, by virtue of their 2–12 record in 1977. Tampa Bay traded the pick to the Oilers, for tight end Jimmie Giles and the Oilers' first- and second-round picks in the 1978 draft, and their third- and fifth-round picks in 1979.

Leon White, who was drafted in the third round, went on to have an extensive professional wrestling career as Big Van Vader.
Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum
Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum is a gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from soil near the roots of Clitoria ternatea from a Gangetic plains in India.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.