hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beylik of Çubukoğulları
Beylik of Çubukoğulları (Turkish: Çubukoğulları Beyliği, literally "sons of Çubuk") was a small and short-lived principality centred on Harput (modern Elazığ in Turkey) between 1085 and 1112.

Çubuk was a commander in the Seljuk army. After the battle of Malazgirt in 1071, he was tasked with capturing the important fort of Harput (modern Elazığ). He captured the fort and continued making conquests in the surrounding area. He founded a principality under the suzerainty of the Seljuk Empire that included Palu, Genç, Çemişgezek, and Eğin (modern Kemaliye).

Çubuk was succeeded by his son Mehmet after 1092. After Mehmet's death in 1112 or 1113, the Beylik was incorporated into the realm of Artuqids.

Artuqids
The Artuqid dynasty (alternatively Artukid, Ortoqid, or Ortokid; Old Anatolian Turkish: أرتقي بيليك, Turkish: Artuklu Beyliği, Artuklular, pl. Artukoğulları) was established in 1102 as a Turkish principality of the Seljuk Empire. It formed a Turkoman dynasty rooted in the Oghuz Döğer tribe, and followed the Sunni Muslim faith. It ruled in Northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia in the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. The Artuqid dynasty took its name from its founder, Artuk Bey, who was a member of Döger branch of the Oghuz Turks and ruled one of the Turkmen principalities of the Seljuk Empire. Artuk's sons and descendants ruled the three branches in the region: Sökmen's descendants ruled the region around Hasankeyf between 1102 and 1231; Ilghazi's branch ruled from Mardin and Mayyafariqin between 1106 and 1186 (until 1409 as vassals) and Aleppo from 1117–1128; and the Harput line starting in 1112 under the Sökmen branch, and was independent between 1185 and 1233.
Secret Window
Secret Window is a 2004 American thriller film starring Johnny Depp and John Turturro. It was written and directed by David Koepp, based on the novella Secret Window, Secret Garden by Stephen King, featuring a musical score by Philip Glass and Geoff Zanelli. The story appeared in King's 1990 collection Four Past Midnight and follows a struggling writer who is terrorized by an elusive adversary while dealing with an ongoing divorce from his estranged wife and tolerating her new husband. The film was released on March 12, 2004, by Sony Pictures Releasing through its Columbia Pictures label; it was a moderate box office success and received mixed reviews from critics.

Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group
Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group (formerly known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group until 2013, and abbreviated as SPMPG) is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment to manage its motion picture operations. It was launched in 1998 by integrating the businesses of Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures.
Joe Coyle
Joseph Coyle (born 24 June 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional football midfielder. His brothers Tommy and Owen also played professionally.

Coyle began his career with non-league Shettleston before signing for Dumbarton in 1977. He remained at Dumbarton until 1982 before moving to Airdrieonians in 1982. However, he soon returned to Boghead Park and was with the Sons for their only season in the Scottish Premier Division. Subsequently, he played in the Scottish Football League for Greenock Morton, Arbroath and Stranraer before ending his career with non-league Vale of Leven.

In the early 21st century, Coyle was involved in the management of amateur clubs in the Greater Glasgow area, including Orchard Parkmount and Muirend.

Arbroath F.C.
Arbroath Football Club is a semi-professional Scottish football club based in the town of Arbroath, Angus. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded in 1878 and plays home matches at Gayfield Park. They play in maroon strips and are nicknamed "The Red Lichties" due to the red light that used to guide fishing boats back from the North Sea to the Burgh's harbour. The Red Lichties share a long-standing and fierce rivalry with local neighbours Montrose, as well as with fellow local sides Forfar Athletic and Brechin City.
Texas's 31st Senate district
District 31 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that currently serves Andrews, Armstrong, Bailey, Borden, Briscoe, Carson, Castro, Cochran, Coke, Crane, Dallam, Dawson, Deaf Smith, Ector, Gaines, Glasscock, Hall, Hansford, Hartley, Hemphill, Howard, Hutchinson, Irion, Lipscomb, Loving, Martin, Midland, Mitchell, Moore, Ochiltree, Oldham, Parmer, Potter, Randall, Reagan, Roberts, Schleicher, Scurry, Sherman, Sterling, Swisher, Upton, Ward, Winkler, Yoakum counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

The current senator from District 31 is Kevin Sparks.

Sterling County, Texas
Sterling County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,372, making it the ninth-least populous county in Texas. Its county seat is Sterling City. The county is named for W. S. Sterling, an early settler in the area. Sterling County was one of 30 prohibition, or entirely dry, counties in the state of Texas, but is now a moist county.
The Tiger's Claw
The Tiger's Claw is a lost 1923 American silent drama film directed by Joseph Henabery and written by Jack Cunningham. The film stars Jack Holt, Eva Novak, George Periolat, Bertram Grassby, Aileen Pringle, and Carl Stockdale. It was released on March 18, 1923, by Paramount Pictures.

Jack Cunningham (screenwriter)
Jack Cunningham (April 1, 1882 – October 4, 1941) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for more than 130 films between 1913 and 1939. He was born in Ionia, Iowa, and died from a cerebral hemorrhage in Santa Monica, California.
Harold W. Rood
Harold William "Bill" Rood (August 19, 1922 – October 6, 2011) was a political scientist and author of Kingdoms of the Blind.  He was Professor Emeritus at Claremont McKenna College and taught international relations and national security affairs beginning in 1962.   Rood was also a fellow at the Claremont Institute and published articles in the Claremont Review of Books.
He received the Claremont Institute's Salvatori Prize in the American Founding in 2007 and taught in the Claremont Institute's Publius Fellows Program since 1979.

Claremont Review of Books
The Claremont Review of Books (CRB) is a quarterly review of politics and statesmanship published by the conservative Claremont Institute.  A typical issue consists of several book reviews and a selection of essays on topics of conservatism and political philosophy, history, and literature.

The editor is American political scientist Charles R. Kesler. The managing editor is John Kienker, and the senior editor, William Voegeli. Joseph Tartakovsky is a contributing editor. Contributors have included William F. Buckley Jr., Harry V. Jaffa, Mark Helprin (a columnist for the magazine), Victor Davis Hanson, Michael Anton, Diana Schaub, Gerard Alexander, David P. Goldman, Allen C. Guelzo, Joseph Epstein, Hadley P. Arkes, and John Marini.
2022 Prague Open – Singles
Marie Bouzková defeated Anastasia Potapova in the final, 6–0, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 Prague Open. It was her maiden WTA Tour title.

Barbora Krejčíková was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Nao Hibino.

Anastasia Zakharova
Anastasia Vladimirovna Zakharova (Russian: Анастасия Владимировна Захарова; born 18 January 2002) is a Russian tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of No. 79 in singles, achieved on 15 September 2025, and No. 93 in doubles. Zakharova has won sixteen singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Terra Nova—The Peninsulas
Terra Nova—The Peninsulas (formerly Bonavista—Burin—Trinity) is a federal electoral district on Newfoundland Island in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015.

Bonavista—Burin—Trinity was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and has been legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 2015 Canadian federal election, held October 19, 2015. It was created out of parts of the electoral districts of Random—Burin—St. George's (41%), Bonavista—Gander—Grand Falls—Windsor (37%) and Avalon (22%).

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding was renamed Terra Nova—The Peninsulas, and gained the east coast of Placentia Bay from Avalon, while losing Salmon Cove to Avalon.

2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution
The federal electoral redistribution of 2012 was a redistribution of electoral districts ("ridings") in Canada following the results of the 2011 Canadian census. As a result of amendments to the Constitution Act, 1867, the number of seats in the House of Commons of Canada increased from 308 to 338. The previous electoral redistribution was in 2003.

The redistribution was implemented by proclamation under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act on October 5, 2013, and came into effect upon the dissolution of the 41st Canadian Parliament on August 2, 2015. The resulting electoral districts and boundaries were used in the 2015, 2019, and 2021 federal elections.

Federal electoral districts were redistributed in 2022, which came into effect upon the dissolution of the 44th Canadian Parliament on April 23, 2025.
Ballydesmond
Ballydesmond (Irish: Baile Deasumhan), formerly Kingwilliamstown, is a rural village in County Cork, Ireland. It lies on the Blackwater River (near its source in Menganine) on the Cork–Kerry border. The Ballydesmond quarry is an area of geological interest, containing the best example of tundra forest polygons found in Ireland. It is located at the junction of the R577 and R578 regional roads.

Munster Blackwater
The Blackwater or Munster Blackwater (Irish: An Abhainn Mhór, The Great River) is a river which flows through counties Kerry, Cork and Waterford in Ireland. It rises in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in County Kerry and then flows in an easterly direction across County Cork through the towns of Mallow and Fermoy. It then enters County Waterford where it flows through Lismore, before abruptly turning south at Cappoquin and finally draining into the Celtic Sea at Youghal Harbour in Cork. In total, the Blackwater is 169 km (105 mi) long.

The total catchment area of the River Blackwater is 3,324 km2. Its long-term average flow rate of is 89.1 cubic metres per second (m3/s) The Blackwater is notable for being one of the best salmon fishing rivers in the country. Like many Irish rivers, salmon stocks declined in recent years, but the Irish government banned commercial netting of salmon off the coast of Ireland in November 2006.
Beautiful Duckling
Beautiful Duckling is a 1965 Taiwanese film directed by Li Hsing. It tells the story of a duck man Lin Tsai-tien (Ko Hsiang-ting) and his adopted daughter Hsiao-yue. Hsiao-yue (Tang Pao-yun) knows nothing about her real descent, which Lin has designedly disguised. Her natural brother Chao-fu (Ou Wei) is a Taiwanese opera actor, he keeps asking Lin for money. He brings Hsiao-yue to the theatrical troupe to follow himself, where Hsiao-yue learns about her natural parents. Lin has to sell all his ducks, entrust Hsiao-yue to Chao-fu, and gives him money to let him start his own business. At the end of the film, Lin's son comes back, and Chao-fu repents his behavior and returns the money to Lin.

The film is one of the representative works of Healthy Realism Film in Taiwan, the traditional Chinese ethics. It received three Golden Horse Awards including wins for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Cinematography.

Taiwanese opera
Taiwanese opera (Chinese: 歌仔戲; pinyin: gēzǎixì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa-á-hì; lit. 'Song Drama'), commonly known as Ke-Tse opera or Hokkien opera, is a form of traditional drama originating in Taiwan. Taiwanese opera uses a stylised combination of both the literary and colloquial registers of Taiwanese Hokkien. Its earliest form adopted elements of folk songs from Zhangzhou, Fujian, China. The plots are traditionally drawn from folk tales of the southern Fujian region and Chinese historical legends stories, though in recent years stories are increasingly set in Taiwan itself. Taiwanese opera was later exported to other Hokkien-speaking areas, such as Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Fujian, China.

Taiwanese opera is considered as the embodiment of Taiwanese history and tradition because the political identity crisis of Taiwan shaped its development.
Illinois College Conference
The Illinois College Conference (ICC) was a college athletic conference that operated from 1938 to 1946 in the U.S. state of Illinois. The league was proposed in the spring of 1937 and formed later that year at a meeting in Peoria, Illinois. The ten charter members were Augustana College, Bradley University, Illinois College, Illinois Wesleyan University, Knox College, Lake Forest College, Millikin University, Monmouth College, North Central College, and Wheaton College, all of which had previously been members of the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC), nicknamed the "Little Nineteen". The conference was disbanded in the spring of 1946 and replaced with a new league, the College Conference of Illinois, which was later renamed the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW).

Illinois Wesleyan University
Illinois Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts college in Bloomington, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1850, the central portion of the present campus was acquired in 1854 with the first building erected in 1856.
Stephen P. Hubbell
Stephen P. Hubbell (born February 17, 1942) is an American ecologist known for his work on tropical rainforests, theoretical ecology, and biodiversity. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Georgia and the University of California, Los Angeles.

Hubbell is the author of the unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography, former chair of the National Council for Science and the Environment, co-founder of the CTFS Forest Global Earth Observatory, a researcher at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2016, he was awarded the International Prize for Biology.

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. It holds an annual meeting at different locations in the USA and Canada. In addition to its publications and annual meeting, ESA is engaged in public policy, science, education, and diversity issues.

ESA's 9,000 members are researchers, educators, natural resource managers, and students in over 90 countries. Members work on a wide range of topics, from agroecology to marine diversity, and explore the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. As of June 2023 the society has 32 topical sections, six regional chapters, and ten committees.
Koladna, Kamyenyets district
Koladna (Belarusian: Коладна; Russian: Колодно; Polish: Kołodno) is a village in Kamyenyets District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is part of Aharodniki rural council. It is located 334 kilometres (208 mi) south-west of the capital Minsk and near the border with Poland.

Belarus–Poland border
The Belarusian–Polish border is the state border between the Republic of Poland (EU member) and the Republic of Belarus (Union State). It has a total length of 398.6 km (247.7 mi), 418 km (260 mi) or 416 km (258 mi) (sources vary). It starts from the triple junction of the borders with Lithuania in the north and stretches to the triple junction borders with Ukraine to the south. It is also part of the EU border with Belarus. The border runs along the administrative borders of two Voivodships Podlaskie and Lubelskie in the Polish side and Grodno and Brest Vobłasć in the Belarusian side. In the Polish side, the 246.93 km (153.44 mi) section is under the protection of the Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit, while the 171.31 km (106.45 mi) section is in the operation area of the Bug Border Guard Regional Unit. Border rivers (from north to south) are Czarna Hańcza, Wołkuszanka, Świsłocz, Narew, and Bug.
Kira Nam Greene
Kira Nam Greene is a New York-based painter known for  combining ethnographic imagery, meticulous realism, and layered patterns.  Greene has expressed her commitment to painting as a way to explore feminism, materialism, and beauty.

Sheldon Museum of Art
The Sheldon Museum of Art (formerly the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery) is an art museum on the campus of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska. The museum was established in 1963 when the university's art collection was moved to dedicated building at 451 North 12th Street. The building, designed by architect Philip Johnson and funded by siblings Mary Frances and Adams Bromley Sheldon, is made of Italian travertine, featuring a grand hall and distinctive central staircase.

The museum focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century art and houses over 12,000 artworks spanning multiple American art movements. An outdoor sculpture garden features more than thirty large-scale works. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
Est: The Steersman Handbook
est: The Steersman Handbook, Charts of the Coming Decade of Conflict is a work of science fiction cast as a nonfictional study. Its author, credited as L. Clark Stevens, usually went by the name Leslie Stevens.  Stevens has a long list of credits in the entertainment industry, having worked on, among other productions, The Outer Limits.  The book was published in paperback in 1970, and reprinted in 1971.

Bob Larson
Bob Larson (born May 28, 1944) is an American radio and television evangelist, and a pastor of Spiritual Freedom Church in Phoenix, Arizona. Larson has authored numerous books critical of rock music and Satanism.
Fis phenomenon
The fis phenomenon is a phenomenon during a child's language acquisition that demonstrates that perception of phonemes occurs earlier than a child's ability to produce the appropriate allophone. It is also illustrative of a larger theme in child language acquisition: that skills in linguistic comprehension generally precede corresponding skills in linguistic production. The name comes from an incident reported in 1960 by J. Berko and R. Brown, in which a child referred to his inflatable plastic fish as a fis. However, when adults asked him, "Is this your fis?" he rejected the statement. When he was asked, "Is this your fish?" he responded, "Yes, my fis." This shows that although the child could not produce the phoneme /ʃ/, he could perceive it as being different from the phoneme /s/. In some cases, the sounds produced by the child are actually acoustically different, but not significantly enough for others to distinguish since the language in question does not make such contrasts.

Language production
Language production is the production of spoken or written language. In psycholinguistics, it describes all of the stages between having a concept to express and translating that concept into linguistic forms. These stages have been described in two types of processing models: the lexical access models and the serial models. Through these models, psycholinguists can look into how speeches are produced in different ways, such as when the speaker is bilingual. Psycholinguists learn more about these models and different kinds of speech by using language production research methods that include collecting speech errors and elicited production tasks.
Aguinaldo (music)
Aguinaldo is a genre of Puerto Rican and Venezuelan traditional and cultural music, popular in several Latin American countries, based on Spanish Christmas carols or villancicos which is traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the holiday season. Aguinaldo music is often performed by parrandas - a casual group of people, often family or friends, who merrily go from house to house taking along their singing. The instruments used are the cuatro, maracas and drums.  Some popular aguinaldos are Burrito Sabanero (Venezuela), El Asalto (Puerto Rico), Feliz Navidad (Puerto Rico), and De la Montaña Venimos (Puerto Rico).

Maraca
A maraca (/məˈrækə/ mə-RAK-ə, US also /məˈrɑːkə/ mə-RAH-kə, Brazilian Portuguese: [maˈɾakɐ] ⓘ), sometimes called shaker or chac-chac, is a rattle which appears in many genres of Caribbean and Latin music. It is shaken by a handle and usually played as part of a pair. A maraca player in the Spanish language is called a maraquero.
Arizona Medical Training Institute
Arizona Medical Training Institute (AMTI) is a private, vocational healthcare institute located in Mesa, Arizona. They provide entry-level medical training for students seeking careers in nursing, clinical laboratory science and the assisted living career fields.

Mesa, Arizona
Mesa (/ˈmeɪsə/ ⓘ MAY-sə) is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The population was 504,258 at the 2020 census. It is the third-most populous city in Arizona, after Phoenix and Tucson, the 37th-most populous city in the U.S., and the most populous city that is not a county seat (except for independent cities Washington, D.C. and Baltimore which are not part of any county). It is the most populous city in the East Valley of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It borders Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south along with Queen Creek, and Apache Junction on the east.

At least ten colleges and universities were located in Mesa, as is the Mesa Arizona Temple, one of the first LDS temples constructed outside of Utah. The city is home to the largest relief airport in the Phoenix area, Mesa Gateway Airport, located in the southeastern corner of the city.
Showa no Machi
Showa no Machi (昭和の町, しょうわのまち), also known as Showa Town, is an area in central Bungotakada City, Ōita Prefecture which consists of shopping streets reminiscent of 1950s and 1960s Japan.

It features various gift shops selling items which were popular during Japan's Shōwa era and is among Bungotakada's top sightseeing spots.

Shōtengai
A shōtengai (商店街) is a style of Japanese commercial district, typically in the form of a local market street that is closed to car traffic. Local shōtengai cater to the needs of nearby residents with a diverse mix of small specialty shops and few large retailers. In many older neighborhoods, these streets serve as cultural gathering spaces, holding seasonal festivals, processions, and other events throughout the year.

Many older shōtengai developed along roads leading to large shrines or temples; Nakamise-dōri to Sensō-ji, Asakusa is a typical example. More modern shōtengai often connect to the nearest train or subway station, or other public gathering points such as large parks or landmarks.  Most suburbs and towns of Japan have shōtengai of varying size, and larger shōtengai may take the form of covered arcades that are accessible only by foot or bicycle.
Imi Knoebel
Imi Knoebel (/i:mi: kno:ʊbəl/) (born  Klaus Wolf Knoebel; 31 December 1940) is a German artist. Knoebel is known for his minimalist, abstract painting and sculpture. The "Messerschnitt" or "knife cuts," is a recurring technique he employs, along with his regular use of the primary colors, red, yellow and blue. Knoebel lives and works in Düsseldorf.

Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (HLMD) is a large multidisciplinary museum in Darmstadt, Germany. The museum exhibits Rembrandt, Beuys, a primeval horse and a mastodon under the slogan "The whole world under one roof". As one of the oldest public museums in Germany, it has c. 80,000 visitors every year and a collection size of 1.35 million objects. Since 2019, Martin Faass has been director of the museum. It is one of the three Hessian State museums, in addition to the museums in Kassel and Wiesbaden. Similar institutions in Europe are the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz and the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.