hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weakly symmetric space
In mathematics, a weakly symmetric space is a notion introduced by the Norwegian mathematician Atle Selberg in the 1950s as a generalisation of symmetric space, due to Élie Cartan. Geometrically the spaces are defined as complete Riemannian manifolds such that any two points can be exchanged by an isometry, the symmetric case being when the isometry is required to have period two. The classification of weakly symmetric spaces relies on that of periodic automorphisms of complex semisimple Lie algebras. They provide examples of Gelfand pairs, although the corresponding theory of spherical functions in harmonic analysis, known for symmetric spaces, has not yet been developed.

Toshiyuki Kobayashi
Toshiyuki Kobayashi (小林 俊行, Kobayashi Toshiyuki; born September 9, 1962) is a Japanese mathematician
known for his original work in the field of Lie theory, and in 
particular for the
theory of discontinuous groups
(lattice in Lie groups)
and the application of geometric analysis to representation theory. He was a major developer in
particular of the theory of discontinuous groups for 
non-Riemannian homogeneous spaces and
the theory of discrete breaking symmetry in unitary representation theory.

He has been a member of the Science Council of Japan since 2006,
Board of Trustees of the Mathematical Society of Japan (2003–2007),
the Editor in Chief of the Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan
(2002–2006), and currently is the Managing Editor of the Japanese Journal of Mathematics since 2006.
2022 Liga 3 East Nusa Tenggara
The 2022 Liga 3 East Nusa Tenggara or 2022 El Tari Memorial Cup XXXI is the fourth season of Liga 3 Zone East Nusa Tenggara organized by Asprov PSSI NTT.

Followed by 24 clubs. The winner of this competition will advance to the national round.

PS Malaka is the defending champion after winning it in the 2019.

Liga Nusantara
Liga Nusantara (English: Archipelago League), officially known as PNM Liga Nusantara for sponsorship reasons, is the third-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The competition started in 2014 after PSSI merged the previous competitions, Liga Indonesia Second Division and Liga Indonesia Third Division. The competition was previously organized in two phases, with the provincial phase operated by PSSI Provincial Associations, where each province held its own regional competition, followed by the national phase operated by PSSI, where the top teams from each province competed at the national level.

Starting from the 2024–25 season, the competition is organized on a national level with teams divided into several groups based on geographical factors and is now operated by the I-League.
Reformed Churches in Spain
The Reformed Churches in Spain (Spanish: Iglesias Reformadas de España) is a confessional Calvinist denomination in Spain.

The group currently has seven congregations spread across the kingdom: churches in Mataró and Pineda, both near Barcelona; in Madrid; in Almuñécar and Málaga in southern Spain; and in La Laguna, Tenerife and Telde (Gran Canaria) both in the Canary Islands.

The churches adhere to the Three Forms of Unity, and some of them recognise the Westminster Confession of Faith. The Malaga congregation allows paedocommunion, while all of the congregations practice infant baptism.

The denomination maintains good ecclesiastical contact with the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales, the Free Church of Scotland, and the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated). It is also a member of the International Conference of Reformed Churches.

Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales (EPCEW) is a reformed and conservative evangelical Presbyterian denomination based in England and Wales with churches in Germany, Switzerland, and Sweden. Founded in 1996, denominational growth has been steady but the denomination remains small with around 20 congregations.
Haud
The Haud (also Hawd) (Somali: Hawd, Arabic: هَوْد), formerly known as the Hawd Reserve Area, is a plateau situated in the Horn of Africa consisting of thorn-bush and grasslands. The region includes the southern part of Somaliland as well as the northern and eastern parts of the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Haud is a historic region as well as an important grazing area and has multiple times been referenced in countless notorious poems. The region is also known for its red soil, caused by the soil's iron richness. The Haud covers an estimated area of about 119,000 square km (or 46,000 square miles), more than nine-tenths the size of England, or roughly the size of North Korea.

Rabaso
Rabaso (Somali: Rabaso), is a town in the  Daror  of Ethiopia. Part of the Jarar zone, Rabaso is bordered on the south by Aware, on the west by Daror, on the north by the Burco-Duuray, on the northeast by Somaliland, and on the east by Shabelle. Nearby town include Celiyo, and Duduma Cad.
Jon Skeie
Jon Skeie (22 July 1871 – 17 September 1951) was a Norwegian jurist.

He was born at Vinje in Telemark, Norway. He was the son of farmer and teacher Aslak Eivindsson Skeie and Jorunn Jonsdotter Vå. He was a cand.jur. in 1900. He was appointed professor at the University in Kristiania from 1907 to 1941. From 1909 to 1939 he served as exceptional judge at the Supreme Court of Norway, and he was a member of several legislative committees.

Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary. It was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribed an independent judiciary. It is located in the capital Oslo. In addition to serving as the court of final appeal for civil and criminal cases, it can also rule whether the Cabinet has acted in accordance with Norwegian law and whether the Parliament has passed legislation consistent with the Constitution.
Minnick
Minnick is an Irish surname that could be an Anglicization of the Gaelic Ó Muineóg, or could be derived from manach meaning "monk".

Notable people with the surname include:

Adam J. Minnick (born 1978), American cinematographer

Ann Minnick (living), American nursing scholar

Danny Minnick (born 1973), American painter and skateboarder

Don Minnick (1931–2016), American baseball player

Fred Minnick (born 1978), American writer

John Harrison Minnick (1877–1966), American educator

Joseph J. Minnick (1933–2015), American politician

Miles Minnick (born 1993), American rapper

Phil Minnick (born 1942), American gridiron football player

Sarah Minnick (living), American chef

Walt Minnick (born 1942), American politician

John Harrison Minnick
John Harrison Minnick (born October 16, 1877–1966) was an American educator, born at Somerset, Indiana.

Minnick graduated from Indiana University Bloomington with an A.B. degree in 1906 and A.M. degree in 1908. He was also educated at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of Chicago, and other universities. For several years he taught in high schools in Indiana and Illinois, and from 1911 to 1913 he was critic teacher of mathematics at Indiana University Bloomington. For two years following he was instructor in mathematics at the Horace Mann School at New York City. In 1916 he became instructor of mathematics in the University of Pennsylvania and was successively assistant professor of education, professor of education, and dean of the school of education at that university. He was a member of many learned societies, wrote An Investigation of Abilities Fundamental to Geometry (1918), and developed standardized tests in geometry.
Matt Bielby
Matt Bielby is a magazine editor based in the UK. He is best known for launching and editing many successful titles in assorted markets during the 1990s, mostly on the subjects of computer and video games, and film and television. These include .net, Amiga Power, Super Play and PC Gamer.

Your Sinclair
Your Sinclair, originally Your Spectrum or YS, is a discontinued British computer magazine for the Sinclair range of computers, mainly the ZX Spectrum. It was commercially published between 1984 and 1993.
Burt Solomons
Burt Rowe Solomons (born October 31, 1950) is an attorney from North Carrollton, Texas, who was from 1995 to 2013 a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 65 in suburban southeastern Denton County.

Denton County, Texas
Denton County is located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 906,422, making it the seventh-most populous county in Texas. The county seat is Denton. The county, which was named for John B. Denton, was established in 1846. Denton County constitutes part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. In 2007, it was one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States.
LSD March
LSD March is a Japanese psychedelic rock group, hailing from the city of Himeji, led by singer and guitarist Shinsuke Michishita. The group is named after a track by krautrock group Guru Guru. Michishita has also played with Magura Mozart and Doodles.

In 2009, Michishita began the psych-folk group, Kasumi Trio. The other members are Ikuro Takahashi (from Fushitsusha, Nagisa ni te) and Takashi Ueno.

Himeji
Himeji (姫路市, Himeji-shi; pronounced [çi(ꜜ)meʑi, çimeʑiꜜɕi]) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. As of 1 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 525,682 in 227,099 households and a population density of 980 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 534.35 square kilometres (206.31 sq mi).
Mercer County, Kentucky
Mercer County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,772. Its county seat is Harrodsburg. The county was formed from Lincoln County, Virginia in 1785 and is named for Revolutionary War General Hugh Mercer, who was killed at the Battle of Princeton in 1777. It was formerly a prohibition or dry county.

Dry county
In the United States, a dry county is a county whose local government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some prohibit off-premises sale, some prohibit on-premises sale, and some prohibit both. The vast majority of counties now permit the sale of alcohol in at least some circumstances, but some dry counties remain, mostly in the Southern United States; the largest number are in Arkansas, where 30 counties are dry.

A number of smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages and are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (in which alcohol sales are allowed and regulated) and "moist" (in which some sales of alcohol are permitted, or a dry county containing wet cities).
Karina Smigla-Bobinski
Karina Smigla-Bobinski (1967) is a German-Polish intermedia artist, working primarily in new media art and digital art, based in Berlin and Munich.Her work bridges kinetic art, drawing, video, installation, painting, performance and sculpture. Her works have been exhibited in Europe, Asia, North America and South America. One of her major works is ADA, a large, interactive  kinetic sculpture and drawing machine.

Digital art
Digital art, or the digital arts, is artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentational process. It can also refer to computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe digital art, including computer art, electronic art, multimedia art, and new media art. Digital art includes pieces stored on physical media, such as with digital painting, as well as digital galleries on websites. Digital art also extends to the field of visual computing.
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital
Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital (Latvian: Paula Stradiņa Klīniskā universitātes slimnīca) is an outpatient and hospital health care service provider in Riga, Latvia. This hospital also plays a role in medical science and medical education. It aims to become a science and a training center to residents and prospective doctors and currently is affiliated with two universities (University of Latvia and Riga Stradiņš University). It is named after Pauls Stradiņš.

Medical education
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship) and additional training thereafter (e.g., residency, fellowship, and continuing medical education).

Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been used in medical education, which is an active area of educational research.

Medical education is also the subject-didactic academic field of educating medical doctors at all levels, including entry-level, post-graduate, and continuing medical education. Specific requirements such as entrustable professional activities must be met before moving on in stages of medical education.
Ramularia
Ramularia is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Its species, which are anamorphs of the genus Mycosphaerella, are plant pathogens. Economically important host species include Narcissus, sugar beet, and barley.

Ramularia species are hyphomycetes with simple morphology; other genera are frequently mistaken for Ramularia. As of 2024, almost 800 species are recognised in the genus Ramularia.

Hyphomycetes
Hyphomycetes are a form classification of fungi, part of what has often been referred to as fungi imperfecti, Deuteromycota, or anamorphic fungi. Hyphomycetes lack closed fruit bodies, and are often referred to as moulds (or molds). Most hyphomycetes are now mainly assigned to the Ascomycota, on the basis of genetic connections made by life-cycle studies or by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences; somemany remain unassigned phylogenetically. There are also some basidiomycete species, with aquatic presence noted in certain Corticiaceae and Urediniomycetes.

Although no longer considered a phylogenetically defined taxon, the prevalence of hyphomycete forms in nature, the built environment, and laboratories means that identification of members this group remains of practical importance.
Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers
Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers is a comprehensive handbook for the field of mechanical engineering. Originally based on the even older German Hütte, it was first published in 1916 by Lionel Simeon Marks. In 2017, its 12th edition, published by McGraw-Hill, marked the 100th anniversary of the work. The handbook was translated into several languages.

Lionel S. Marks was a professor of mechanical engineering at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1900s.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Symphony No. 1 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 1 in D major, Hoboken I/1, was written in 1759 in Unter-Lukawitz, while in the service of Count Morzin. While it is reliably known that No. 1 was written in 1759, H. C. Robbins Landon cannot rule out that No. 2, No. 4, or both could have been composed in 1757 or 1758, which would make the this Haydn's third symphony, rather than his first.

Symphony No. 1 is scored for two oboes (or possibly flute), bassoon, two horns, strings, and continuo. Like most of the early symphonies by Haydn and his contemporaries, it is in three movements:

The first movement opens with a Mannheim crescendo which is in contrast to the rest of the symphony, which is more Austrian in character.

The first movement has "frequent passages", where the violas are "used with some ingenuity and quite separately from the bass line."

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
Astellas Pharma
Astellas Pharma Inc. (アステラス製薬株式会社, Asuterasu Seiyaku Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical company, formed on 1 April 2005 from the merger of Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (山之内製薬株式会社, Yamanouchi Seiyaku Kabushiki-gaisha) and Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (藤沢薬品工業株式会社, Fujisawa Yakuhin Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha).

Astellas is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFJ) keiretsu.

Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant.
Sanjin Bezdrob
Sanjin Bezdrob (born 22 November 1979) is a Bosnian volleyball player at national and international level and captain of the Bosnian national volleyball team.

Playing for Bosnia's most successful volleyball club OK Kakanj, he was a member of the Premier League of Volleyball of Bosnia and Herzegovina national championship winning team 2 times (2001, 2003) and the National Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina winning team on 3 occasions (2001, 2002, 2003).

In the 2004–2005 season he played for OK Calcit Kamnik (Slovenia), including appearances in the CEV Cup.

In the 2009–2010 season he played for OK Ljubinje.

In the 2012–2017 season he played for OK Ilijaš

He is 1.97 m (6 ft 51/2 in.) tall.

OK Kakanj
OK KAKANJ (Odbojkaški Klub Kakanj), is a professional volleyball club based in Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The club was founded in 1979. The team plays in the Premier League of Volleyball of Bosnia and Herzegovina and has represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at European level in the Volleyball Men's CEV Cup where they are generally eliminated at 1/16 Finals stage.  The team's home venue is the KSC "Kakanj" arena in Kakanj.
Battle of La Virgen
The Battle of La Virgen occurred on 3 September 1855, at La Virgen, Nicaragua. It was part of the Legitimist efforts to resist the newly arrived force of William Walker, who had the support of the fierce opponents of the Legitimists, the Democrats. After a hard-fought but one-sided skirmish, Walker's forces emerged victorious, giving the cause of the invading Filibuster army legitimacy, and inspiring many new volunteers to join his force.

Legitimist Party (Nicaragua)
The Legitimist Party (Spanish: Partido Legitimista, PL) was a conservative Nicaraguan political party, the first in its country. The power base of the Legitimist Party was in Granada. The Legitimists were opposed to the Democrats. After several years of civil war between the Legitimists and the Democrats, a provisional government was established in June 1857 which had as its joint leaders the Legitimist Tomás Martínez and the Democrat Máximo Jerez.

The Nicaraguan Conservative Party defined itself as a continuation of the Legitimist Party and traces its history back to PL's foundation in 1823.
36th Infantry Division (South Korea)
The 36th Homeland Defense Infantry Division (Korean: 제36향토보병사단, Hanja: 第三十六鄕土步兵師團) is a military formation of the Republic of Korea Army. The division is subordinated to the Ground Operations Command and headquartered in Wonju, Gangwon Province. During peacetime, they are in charge of defense central and southern Gangwon Province. They also are responsible for recruit training and flood control.

Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.
Salar people
The Salar people are a Turkic ethnic minority in China who speak Salar, a Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch. They numbered 165,159 people in 2020, according to that year's national census.

The Salars live mostly in the Qinghai–Gansu border region, on both sides of the Yellow River, namely in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County and Hualong Hui Autonomous County of Qinghai and the adjacent Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County of Gansu. There are also Salars in some parts of Henan and Shanxi, as well as in northern Xinjiang, in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. They are a patriarchal agricultural society and predominantly Muslim.

Hualong Hui Autonomous County
Hualong Hui Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 化隆回族自治县; traditional Chinese: 化隆回族自治縣; pinyin: Huàlóng Huízú Zìzhìxiàn; Xiao'erjing: خُوَلْو خُوِذُو ذِجِشِیًا‎) is a county in the east of Qinghai Province, China. It is under the administration of Haidong City. Its area is 2,790 square kilometers and has a population of 203,317 in 2010.
Morvern
Morvern (Scottish Gaelic: A' Mhorbhairne [ə ˈvɔɾɔ.əɾɲə]; "the sea-gap"), historically also spelt Morven, is a peninsula and traditional district in the Highlands, on the west coast of Scotland. It lies south of the districts of Ardgour and Sunart, and is bounded on the north by Loch Sunart and Glen Tarbert, on the south east by Loch Linnhe and on the south west by the Sound of Mull. The highest point is the summit of the Corbett Creach Bheinn which reaches 853 metres (2,799 ft) in elevation.

Administratively Morvern is now part of the ward management area of Lochaber, in  Highland council area.  It forms part of the traditional shire and current registration county of Argyll.

Morvern is approximately 250 square miles (650 square kilometres) in area, with a current population of about 320.

Politics of the Highland council area
The politics of the Highland council area in Scotland are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the Highland Council, in elections to the council, and in elections to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) and the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). In the European Parliament the area was within the Scotland constituency, which covers all of the 32 council areas of Scotland.