hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Mesoten
The Battle of Mesothen (Mesoten) took place from 26–30 September to 1 October 1812, between the Russian Corps of Finland and the French-allied Prussian Auxiliary Corps. It was fought near the Latvian town of Mežotne (German: Mesothen/Mesoten), then part of the Courland Governorate. The battle involved several separate engagements that made it categorized as an operation.

Engagement (military)
A military engagement is combat between two forces, neither larger than a division nor smaller than a company, in which each has an assigned or perceived mission. An engagement begins when the attacking force initiates combat in pursuit of its mission, and ends when the attacker has accomplished the mission, or ceases to try to accomplish the mission, or when one or both sides receive sufficient reinforcements, thus initiating a new engagement.

As a tactical mission, the engagement is often a part of a battle. An engagement normally lasts one to two days; it may be as brief as a few hours and is rarely longer than five days. It is at this scale of combat that tactical engagement ranges of weapons and support systems become important to the troops and their commanders.
Rhyssomatus lineaticollis
Rhyssomatus lineaticollis, also known by its common name milkweed stem weevil is a species of weevil whose adults feed on the stems of the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca. It is also destructive to the rare and threatened milkweed species Asclepias meadii.

Asclepias syriaca
Asclepias syriaca, commonly called common milkweed, butterfly flower, silkweed, silky swallow-wort, and Virginia silkweed, is a species of flowering plant. It is native to southern Canada and much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, excluding the drier parts of the prairies. It is in the genus Asclepias, the milkweeds. It grows in sandy soils as well as other kinds of soils in sunny areas.
Wilbert McIntyre
Wilbert McIntyre (July 15, 1867 – July 21, 1909) was a politician and medical doctor from Alberta, Canada. He served as MP for Strathcona, Alberta 1906-1909.

Born in Rosedale, Ontario, he came west in 1902, settling in Strathcona, now part of Edmonton.

Wilbert was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a 1906 by-election in the Strathcona electoral district by-election on April 5, 1906. He was the first to win a federal seat in Alberta following Alberta being named a province in 1905. He filled the seat left empty by the resignation of Strathcona MP Peter Talbot.

McIntyre was re-elected  in the 1908 Canadian federal election. The contest was a three-way race but McIntyre took 18 votes more than his two contenders put together.

He died just a year later vacating his seat on July 21, 1909.

Dr. Wilbert McIntyre park in Edmonton, Alberta is named in his honor.

Rosedale, Ontario
Rosedale is a Dispersed Rural Community and unincorporated place located in the city of Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, Canada, 29 kilometres (18 mi) north-west of Lindsay. It is partly in geographic Fenelon Township and partly in Somerville Township, and is on the Rosedale River, part of the Trent–Severn Waterway, where that river drains Balsam Lake on its way to Cameron Lake.

Trent–Severn Waterway Lock 35 "Rosedale", completed in 1873 thus allowing boats to traverse between Cameron and Balsam Lakes, is on the Rosedale River just east of the community, and Ontario Highway 35 crosses over the river at Rosedale.

Rosedale was for a time named Rosa Dale, after the wife of settler John Cameron, who first settled the area now known as Fenelon Falls

The population of Rosedale is roughly 500.
Reign of Marcus Aurelius
The reign of Marcus Aurelius began with his accession on 7 March 161 following the death of his adoptive father, Antoninus Pius, and ended with his own death on 17 March 180. Marcus first ruled jointly with his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus. They shared the throne until Lucius' death in 169. Marcus was succeeded by his son Commodus, who had been made co-emperor in 177.

Under Marcus, Rome fought the Roman–Parthian War of 161–66 and the Marcomannic Wars. The so-called Antonine plague occurred during his reign. In the last years of his rule, Marcus composed his personal writings on Stoic philosophy known as Meditations.

Marcomannic Wars
The Marcomannic Wars (Latin: bellum Germanicum et Sarmaticum, lit. 'German and Sarmatian war') were a series of wars lasting from about AD 166 until 180. These wars pitted the Roman Empire against principally the Germanic Marcomanni and Quadi and the Sarmatian Iazyges; there were related conflicts with several other Germanic, Sarmatian, and Gothic peoples along both sides of the whole length of the Roman Empire's northeastern European border, the river Danube.

The struggle against the Germans and Sarmatians occupied the major part of the reign of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, and it was during his campaigns against them that he started writing his philosophical work Meditations.
T2 (SEPTA Metro)
The T2, formerly Route 34, is a light rail line operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) that connects the 13th Street station in Center City, Philadelphia, to 61st Street in the Angora neighborhood of West Philadelphia.

At 10.1 miles (16.3 km), it is the shortest of the SEPTA Metro's five T services, which operate on street-level tracks in West Philadelphia and Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and in a shared subway with rapid transit trains in Center City.

SEPTA Metro
SEPTA Metro is an urban rail transit network in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The network includes two rapid transit lines, a light rail system with five branches, a streetcar line, a light rail line with two services, and an interurban/light metro line, totaling 78 miles (126 km) of rail service.

Although some of Philadelphia's transit lines date to the 19th century and the SEPTA agency began operations in 1965, the transit network itself had no formal name until 2024, when it was named "SEPTA Metro" as part of an effort to make the system easier to navigate. The effort replaced each line's name with a single letter, plus a number to denote various service patterns.
Randhir Pralhadrao Sawarkar
Randhir Pralhadrao Sawarkar (born 14 April 1973) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who has represented the Akola East constituency in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly since 2014. Since February 2024, he has served as the Chief Whip of the Maharashtra BJP Legislative Party under Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis. Additionally, he has held the position of General Secretary of the Maharashtra BJP since September 2022, during the tenure of party president Chandrashekhar Bawankule. Sawarkar’s political career has been marked by his focus on regional development and agricultural issues, particularly in the Akola district.

Chief Whip
The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce the whipping system, which aims to ensure that legislators who are members of a political party attend and vote on legislation as the party leadership prescribes.
Acacia cedroides
Acacia cedroides is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the Fitzgerald River National Park in the southwest of Western Australia. It is a dense, prickly shrub with many ribbed branchlets, sharply pointed phyllodes arranged in whorls, spherical heads of cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers, and more or less terete, thinly crust-like to leathery pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Phillipkeith Manley
Phillipkeith Alexander Manley (born May 7, 1990) is an American former professional football offensive guard. He signed with the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football at Toledo.

Toledo Rockets football
The Toledo Rockets football team is a college football program in Division I FBS, representing the University of Toledo. The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference. Toledo began playing football in 1917, although it did not field teams in 1931, 1943, 1944, and 1945. Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, Toledo has finished in the Top 25 four times with its highest finish coming in 1970 when it ranked No. 12 after finishing 12–0. Toledo has a 12–11 record in bowl games.
Khem Singh Bedi
KCIE Khem Singh Bedi  (21 February 1832 – 10 April 1905) was a claimed direct descendant of Guru Nanak, a leader, and the founder of the Amritsar Singh Sabha in 1873. It instituted many charitable causes for Sikhs, was a landowner and politician in the Punjab during the British Raj.

Rawalpindi District
Rawalpindi District (Punjabi and Urdu: ضِلع راولپِنڈى) is a district located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Parts of the district form part of the Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area. Rawalpindi city is the district capital.

The district has an area of 5,286 km2 (2,041 sq mi). Originally, its area was 6,192 km2 (2,391 sq mi) until the 1960s when Islamabad Capital Territory was carved out of the district, giving away an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi). It is situated on the southern slopes of the north-western extremities of the Himalayas, including large mountain tracts with rich valleys traversed by mountain rivers. The chief rivers are the Indus and the Jhelum, and it is noted for its milder climate and abundant rainfall due to its proximity to the foothills.
Fear Her (Wentworth)
"Fear Her" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the Australian television drama Wentworth, and the twenty-second episode overall. The plot of the episode sees Bea Smith (Danielle Cormack) take her revenge against Brayden Holt (Reef Ireland) after escaping from the hospital during the previous episode. Other storylines focus on Franky Doyle's (Nicole da Silva) downfall as top dog, Doreen Anderson (Shareena Clanton) telling Nash Taylor (Luke McKenzie) about their baby, and Liz Birdsworth (Celia Ireland) being re-arrested after being found in possession of a murder weapon.

Franky Doyle (Wentworth)
Francesca Rose Doyle is a main character, former protagonist and a former prisoner of Wentworth Correctional Centre. She served mainly as the primary antagonist for season 2, before becoming a protagonist for season 3. In season 4, Franky was released from Wentworth after she fought for her innocence, and began her career as a legal aide. She returned for seasons 5 and 6 as the series' main protagonist, until her release and subsequent departure from the series.
V. M. Ummer Master
V. M. Ummer Master is an Indian politician and social activist from Kozhikode district. He is a member of the Indian Union Muslim League (IUML).

Between 2011 and 2016, Ummer Master served as the MLA of the Koduvally constituency, which he had won by a margin of 16,552 votes. During his tenure, he became one of 14 MLAs to achieve a perfect attendance record. In the 2006 and 2016 legislative assembly elections, he contested the Thiruvambady constituency but was defeated both times by CPI (M) candidate George M. Thomas.

2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 16 May 2016 to elect 140 MLAs to the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly.

Voter turnout was 77.53%, up from 75.12% in the previous election. The result was declared on 19 May 2016. The Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), won the election, defeating the incumbent United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress (INC), which could only win 47 seats in the election. Pinarayi Vijayan was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 25 May.
Faria de Vasconcelos
António de Sena Faria de Vasconcelos Azevedo (1880–1939) was a Portuguese educator and educationalist.

Faria de Vasconcelos studied law in Coimbra before going to study at the New University of Brussels in 1902 . Like many Portuguese teachers in the first half of the twentieth century, he spent some time at the Rousseau Institute in Geneva, where he was a student of Édouard Claparède.

He was headmaster of an experimental school at Bierges-les-Wavre, though the school did not survive World War I, and a professor at the New University of Brussels. He subsequently directed a training school for secondary school teachers which had been founded by Georges Rouma in 1909. From 1918 to 1920 he taught a specialized course  in educational psychology for school doctors at the normal school at Sucre in Bolivia. He was later a professor at Lisbon, where he founded the Institute of Careers Guidance (Instituto de Orientação Profissional) in 1925.

Bierges
Bierges (French pronunciation: [bjɛʁʒ]; Walloon: Biedje) is a sub-municipality of the city of Wavre located in the province of Walloon Brabant, Wallonia, Belgium. It was a separate municipality until 1977. On 1 January 1977, it was merged into Wavre.
Majewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Majewo [maˈjɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milejewo, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).

Elbląg County
Elbląg County (Polish: powiat elbląski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Elbląg, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Pasłęk, 18 km (11 mi) east of Elbląg, Tolkmicko, 27 km (17 mi) north of Elbląg, and Młynary, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Elbląg.

The county covers an area of 1,430.55 square kilometres (552.3 sq mi). In 2019, its total population was 57,395, of which the population of Pasłęk was 12,160, that of Tolkmicko was 2,689, that of Młynary was 1,772, and the rural population was 40,774.
JZ Festival
Debuting in 2005, JZ Festival has been recognized as the biggest jazz festival in China and the second biggest jazz festival in Asia. It is always held during a weekend in October.

The core of JZ Festival is jazz. But it covers many other music elements such as soul, blues, folk, pop, rock, electronic etc., which shows the spirit of jazz – improvisation and fusion. Plenty of international top musicians performed in JZ Festival, including Joss Stone, John Scofield, Pat Metheny, Ron Carter, Kenny Garrett, Dianne Reeves, Dee Dee Bridgewater and so on. Chinese famous music artists include Sandy Lam, Karen Mok, Cui Jian, Chang Csun Yuk, Mavis Fan etc. Since 2013, JZ Festival has been held in Beijing, Guangzhou, Dalian and Chongqing not just in home court Shanghai.

Ron Carter
Ronald Levin Carter (born May 4, 1937) is an American jazz double bassist. His appearances on 2,221 recording sessions make him the most-recorded jazz bassist in history. He has won three Grammy Awards, and is also a cellist who has recorded numerous times on the instrument. In addition to a solo career of more than 60 years, Carter is well-known for playing on numerous iconic Blue Note albums in the 1960s, as well as being the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "Second Great Quintet" from 1963-1968.

Beginning with Where? in 1961, Carter's studio albums as leader also include Uptown Conversation (1969), Blues Farm (1973), All Blues (1973), Spanish Blue (1974), Anything Goes (1975), Yellow & Green (1976), Pastels (1976), Piccolo (1977), Third Plane (1977), Peg Leg (1978), A Song for You (1978), Etudes (1982), The Golden Striker (2003), Dear Miles (2006), and Ron Carter's Great Big Band (2011).
1918 Birthday Honours (OBE)
This is a list of Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) awards in the 1918 Birthday Honours.

The 1918 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette in early June 1918.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve
The Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve, commonly known as the Reserve Decoration (RD) was a medal awarded to officers with at least fifteen years service in the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) of the United Kingdom. The medal was instituted in 1908.
Barroway Drove
Barroway Drove is a village in the parish of Stow Bardolph in Norfolk, England. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk. Barroway Drove was referred to as Bardolph Fen.

The village lies on the eastern edge of The Fens. It has a village hall. In 2007, Stephen Fry filmed a number of scenes for his television series Kingdom in the village.

Kingdom (British TV series)
Kingdom is a British television series produced by Parallel Film and Television Productions for the ITV network. It was created by Simon Wheeler and stars Stephen Fry as Peter Kingdom, a Norfolk solicitor who is coping with family, colleagues, and the strange locals who come to him for legal assistance. The series also starred Hermione Norris, Celia Imrie, Karl Davies, Phyllida Law and Tony Slattery.

The first series of six one-hour episodes was aired in 2007 and averaged six million viewers per week. Despite a mid-series ratings dip, the executive chairman of ITV praised the programme and ordered a second series, which was filmed in 2007 and broadcast in January and February 2008. Filming on the third series ran from July to September 2008 for broadcast from 7 June 2009.

In October 2009 ITV announced it was cancelling the series; the channel said that, given tighter budgets, more expensive productions were being cut.
2018 Canberra Challenger – Doubles
Andre Begemann and Jan-Lennard Struff were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Jonathan Erlich and Divij Sharan won the title after defeating Hans Podlipnik-Castillo and Andrei Vasilevski 7–6(7–1), 6–2 in the final.

Andrei Vasilevski (tennis)
Andrei Aleksandrovich Vasilevski (Belarusian: Андрэй Аляксандравіч Васілеўскі; Russian: Андрей Александрович Василевский; born 28 May 1991) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 52 achieved on 5 February 2018.
Vasilevski competed for the Belarus Davis Cup team starting in 2009.
As of 2024, he is the hitting partner for compatriot Aryna Sabalenka.
Elze–Löhne railway
The Elze–Löhne railway is a non-electrified line from the town of Elze in the German state of Lower Saxony via Hamelin and Rinteln to Löhne in North Rhine-Westphalia. It runs between the Weser and the Weser hills from Hamelin to Bad Oeynhausen and as a result this section is also called the Weser Railway (German: Weserbahn).

The line was previously part of the main route for freight from Berlin to Amsterdam via Hildesheim, Elze, Löhne, Osnabrück, Rheine and Almelo. In the 1990s and the 2000s, the formerly double-track main line was reduced to one track. The line can be operated at up to 120 km/h.

Rheine station
Rheine is a railway station located in Rheine, Germany. The station is located on the Löhne–Rheine, Emsland Railway (Rheine-Norddeich Mole) and the Münster–Rheine lines. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, WestfalenBahn and National Express.
2011 land acquisition protests in Uttar Pradesh
In 2011, The Government of Uttar Pradesh in India,  faced protests against its proposed forced land acquisition for the building of the Yamuna Expressway. The protests were led by farmers in Gautam Buddha Nagar district including Bhatta and Parsaul villages for low compensation and improper rehabilitation benefits.The protests  resulted in sporadic incidents of violence and three deaths.

Government of Uttar Pradesh
The Government of Uttar Pradesh (ISO: Uttara Pradēśa Sarakāra; often abbreviated as GoUP) is the subnational government of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with the governor as its appointed constitutional head of the state by the President of India. The Governor of Uttar Pradesh is appointed for a period of five years and appoints the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and their council of ministers, who are vested with the executive powers of the state. The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and their council are responsible for day-to-day government functions.

The state of Uttar Pradesh's influence on Indian politics is important, and often paramount and/or a bellwether, as it sends the most members of parliament to both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the state's population being more than 200 million; approximately double that of the next-most populous state.
Noadar Dhal railway station
Noadar Dhal railway station is a railway station on the Bardhaman-Rampurhat Section under Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at  Noadar Dhal in Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
2013 Tashkent Challenger – Doubles
Andre Begemann and Martin Emmrich were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Russian pairing of Mikhail Elgin and Teymuraz Gabashvili won the title over Indians Purav Raja and Divij Sharan 6–4, 6–4.

Martin Emmrich
Martin Emmrich (born 17 December 1984) is a retired professional tennis player and current professional pickleball player on the PPA tour who specialized in doubles & mixed. He played primarily on the ATP Challenger Tour where he has won 15 Challengers. On 12 October 2009, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of world No. 604 whilst his highest doubles ranking of No. 35 was achieved on 5 August 2013. Emmrich also won three ATP Tour doubles titles.