hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Silent letter
In an alphabetic writing system, a silent letter is a letter that, in a particular word, does not correspond to any sound in the word's pronunciation. In linguistics, a silent letter is often symbolised with a null sign U+2205 ∅ EMPTY SET, which resembles the Scandinavian letter Ø. A null or zero is an unpronounced or unwritten segment.

Null sign
The null sign (∅) is a symbol often used in mathematics for denoting the empty set. The same letter in linguistics represents zero, the lack of an element. It is commonly used in phonology, morphology, and syntax.
Pylon (play)
Pylon is a Scottish play, first performed at The Palace Theatre Kilmarnock in 2017.

Pylon fuses monologue, live music and archive news footage. The story focuses on links between electricity pylons and  high rates of cancer diagnoses in the socioeconomically deprived Shortlees housing scheme in the south of Kilmarnock.

As of 2022, Pylon has been performed in Kilmarnock, The Mitchell Theatre in Glasgow and Theatre Royal Stratford.

Pylon was created and written by Graeme Cameron, Paul Montgomery, Stevie Smith and Paul Milligan.

Theatre Royal Stratford East
Stratford East, formerly known as Theatre Royal Stratford East, is a 460-seat Victorian producing theatre in Stratford in the London Borough of Newham. Since 1953, it has been the home of the Theatre Workshop company, famously associated with director Joan Littlewood, whose statue is outside the theatre.
Inday Bote
Inday Bote (transl. Inday Bottle) is a 2015 Philippine television drama romance series broadcast by ABS-CBN. The series is based on the local comic book of the same title created by Pablo S. Gomez. Directed by Malu L. Sevilla, Jon S. Villarin and Manny Q. Palo, it stars Alex Gonzaga, Alonzo Muhlach, Matteo Guidicelli and Kean Cipriano. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from March 16 to May 29, 2015, replacing Bagito and was replaced by Pasión de Amor.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

The Filipino Channel
The Filipino Channel, commonly known as TFC, is a global subscription television network owned and operated by the Filipino media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation. Its programming is composed primarily of imported programs produced and distributed by ABS-CBN Studios and ABS-CBN News, targeting the Filipino diaspora. Available globally on various television platforms, TFC was launched on September 24, 1994, becoming the world's first trans-Pacific Asian broadcaster.

As of 2016, The Filipino Channel has over three million subscribers worldwide in over 40 countries across 4 continents, most of its subscribers are in United States, Canada, Middle East, Europe, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
Karl Gottfried von Leitner
Karl (or Carl) Gottfried Ritter von Leitner (November 18, 1800 – June 20, 1890) was an Austrian writer and publicist from Graz, Styria, Austria.

From 1837 to 1854 he was the first Secretary to the Estates in Styria. He was the editor of the newspaper Steiermark Zeitschrift (Styria Times). He was the curator of the Landesmuseum Joanneum (Joanneum National Museum) in Graz from 1858 to 1864, and co-founded the Historical Association for Styrian Friendship with Peter Rosegger.

Some of his ballads were set to music by Franz Schubert.

Universalmuseum Joanneum
The Universalmuseum Joanneum (Austrian German: [univɛrˌsaːlmuˈseːʊm joaˈneːʊm]) is a multidisciplinary museum with buildings in several locations in the state of Styria, Austria. It has galleries and collections in many subject areas including archaeology, geology, paleontology, mineralogy, botany, zoology, history, art and folk culture. It is the oldest museum in Austria as well as the largest universal museum in central Europe with over 4.5 million objects in 13 departments and 12 locations in the Styrian cities of Graz, Stainz, Trautenfels, and Wagna (Flavia Solva). To reflect this status and its growth over the last two centuries, as well as to present a more recognizable image internationally, the Landesmuseum Joanneum was officially renamed Universalmuseum Joanneum in 2009.
High Court of Botswana
The High Court of Botswana is a superior court of law in Botswana. It is based in Gaborone with branches in Lobatse, Francistown, and Maun. It operates above the Magistrates' Courts of Botswana, but below the Appeal Court. The High Court is headed by the Chief Justice of Botswana.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Acropora cerealis
Acropora cerealis is a species of acroporid coral found throughout the Indian and Pacific oceans, from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the Hawaiian Islands and the Johnston Atoll. It can be found on upper reef slopes in shallow tropical reefs, from depths of 3–20 m. Crown-of-thorns starfish preferentially prey upon Acropora corals, and this species is also harvested for the aquarium trade.

Crown-of-thorns starfish
The crown-of-thorns starfish (frequently abbreviated to COTS), Acanthaster planci, is a large starfish that preys upon hard, or stony, coral polyps (Scleractinia). The crown-of-thorns starfish receives its name from venomous, thornlike spines that cover its upper surface, resembling the biblical crown of thorns. It is one of the largest starfish in the world.

A. planci has a very wide Indo-Pacific distribution, perhaps most common around Australia, but can occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes from the Red Sea and the East African coast across the Indian Ocean, and across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of Central America. It occurs where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in the region.
EP 1 Joey
EP 1 Joey (actually known as EP / JOEY) is Joey Yung's debut EP. It was very well received, selling around 130,000 copies in Hong Kong. The EP also broke the record for the most consecutive weeks on the IFPI album chart, staying on the chart for 2.3 weeks. "未知" is a cover of Jennifer Paige's hit, Crush. "這分鐘更愛你" is a cover of Céline Dion's French song, S'il suffisait d'aimer.

S'il suffisait d'aimer (song)
"S'il suffisait d'aimer" (transl. "if only love could be enough") is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion from her sixteenth studio album, S'il suffisait d'aimer (1998). It was written by Jean-Jacques Goldman and produced by Goldman and Erick Benzi. The song was released as the album's second single on 23 November 1998. It peaked within the top 10 of the music charts in France, Quebec, and Belgium Wallonia and was certified gold in France and Belgium.
Vegard Sannes
Vegard Sannes (born 4 September 1976) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder who notably played for FK Bodø/Glimt.

He was born in Kirkenes, and started his career in Kirkenes IF. He then continued in Alta IF, before joining Bodø/Glimt ahead of the 2001 season. He played 87 games and scored 4 goals in the Norwegian Premier League over the following years, and stayed in Bodø/Glimt after their relegation 2005. The team was re-promoted ahead of the 2008 season.

However, he did not play a single game in the 2008 season due to a knee injury, and at the end of the season his contract with Bodø/Glimt was not renewed. He was interested in a return to Alta IF, but not with the current knee injury, and therefore he retired.

Alta IF
Alta Idrettsforening is a sports club from the town of Alta in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The club is most known for its association football department, which played in the 1. divisjon until 2014.The club was newly promoted for the 2008 season; its last stint up to that time in the division came in 2005, when they finished last. The team finished 14th in the 2009 season. In 2012 a new relegation came after finishing last once again. It took them only one year to come back.

They play at Alta Idrettspark, or indoor at Finnmarkshallen when snow and other weather conditions render the pitch unusable. Their attendance record of about 3,000 was set in 1995 against Rosenborg. Notable former players include Trond Fredrik Ludvigsen, Tore Reginiussen and Morten Gamst Pedersen.

On December 11, 2018, Alta I.F signed Bryant Lazaro as the head coach, appointed to start January 1, 2019.
Novaya Zhizn
Novaya Zhizn (Russian: Новая Жизнь, lit. 'New Life') was the first legal Bolshevik daily newspaper. It was founded by Alexander Bogdanov and its first editor was Nikolai Minsky. It was first published in October 1905 in Petersburg, under the guidance of Lenin. It was published until December 1905.

The paper was funded by Nikolai Pavlovich Schmidt and Savva Morozov.

Savva Morozov
Savva Timofeyevich Morozov (Russian: Са́вва Тимофе́евич Моро́зов, 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1862, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Bogorodsky Uyezd, Moscow Governorate, Russian Empire – 26 May [O.S. 13 May] 1905, Cannes, France) was a Russian textile magnate and philanthropist. Established by Savva Vasilyevich Morozov (1770–1862), the Morozov family was the fifth-richest in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
Hahoetal
Hahoetal (Korean: 하회탈) are traditional Korean masks worn in the Hahoe byeolsingut talnori ceremonies that date back to the 12th century. They represent the stock characters needed to perform the roles in the ritual dance dramas included in the ceremony. The masks originated in the Hahoe Folk Village and Byeongsan Village, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. They are counted among the treasures of South Korea, and the oldest Hahoe mask is on display in the National Museum of Korea. The Hahoetal masks are considered to be among of the most beautiful and well known images representing Korean culture. The South Korean government named the masks "National Treasure #121" and the dance of the Pyolshin-gut Ta'l nori as "important intangible cultural asset #69." The Hahoe Mask Dance Drama Preservation Society performs the dance drama weekly at the Hahoe folk village for tourists, while Andong City hosts an international mask dance festival every October.

Hahoe byeolsingut talnori
Hahoe byeolsingut talnori (Korean: 하회별신굿탈놀이; Hanja: 河回別神굿탈놀이) or "Hahoe special ritual drama to the gods" is a Korean masked dance-drama performed every three, five, or ten years at the request of the village deity in Hahoe, Andong, North Gyeongsang Province. The village is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the dance-drama an Important Intangible Cultural Property, and a collection of thirteen (13) masks are a National Treasure. The ritual shares some of the major themes of Korean masked drama and Korean shamanism, namely satire and the ridicule of apostate Buddhist priests and the nobility.
Luther S. Conwell
Luther S. Conwell (c. 1860 – c. February 5, 1934) was a physician and a member of the Delaware House of Representatives.  He was born and spent most of his life in Camden, Delaware.  He graduated from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1884, and practiced medicine in Delaware.  He was for some time secretary and executive officer of the Delaware State Board of Health.  He was a Republican member of the Delaware State House.

He was found dead at his home in Camden on February 5, 1934, having been ill for a fortnight.

Thomas Jefferson University
Thomas Jefferson University is a private research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Established in its earliest form in 1824, the university officially combined with Philadelphia University in 2017. The university is named for U.S. Founding Father and president Thomas Jefferson. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

To signify its heritage, the university sometimes carries the nomenclature Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University) in its branding.
Stapfer
Stapfer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Paul Stapfer (1840–1917), French writer

Philipp Albert Stapfer (1766–1840), Swiss politician, diplomat, and philosopher who settled in France

Philipp Albert Stapfer
Philipp Albert Stapfer (23 September 1766, Bern – 27 March 1840, Paris) was a Swiss politician and philosopher.

He was the plenipotentiary envoi of the Helvetic Republic to the French Consulate in Paris from 1801 till 1803. (Act of Mediation)

He married and settled in France, at the Chateau de Talcy (Loir-et-Cher) and in Paris where he became the friend of Maine de Biran in 1805 at informal gatherings of Cabanis circle at Auteuil. He was also vice-president of the Paris Protestant society.

He is the recipient of Maine de Biran's essay:

"Réponses aux arguments contre l'aperception immédiate d'une liaison causale entre le vouloir primitif et la motion et contre la dérivation d'un principe universel et nécessaire de causalités de cette source." (1818);

an important résumé known as: "Réponses à Stapfer".
Richmond County Courthouse (Virginia)
Richmond County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Warsaw, Richmond County, Virginia. It was built between 1748 and 1750, and is a one-story Colonial-era brick building with a hipped roof. It measures approximately 52 feet by 41 feet. During a remodeling in 1877, the original arcade was bricked up and incorporated into the main building. Also on the property is a contemporary clerk's office. The buildings were built by planter Landon Carter (1710–1778).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Richmond County, Virginia
Richmond County is a county located on the Northern Neck in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population sits at 8,923. Its county seat is Warsaw. The rural county should not be confused with the large city and state capital Richmond, Virginia. It was formed in 1692 when the first Rappahannock County was divided to form Richmond County and Essex County.
Han (SE Zhou state)
Han was a minor Chinese state under the Zhou dynasty, located in present-day Jiangsu province. It was established by sinicized refugees from the central plains, who established a new vassal state in the Shugang Hills (simplified Chinese: 陈国; traditional Chinese: 陳國; pinyin: Shǔgāngshān) to the southeast of Zhou kingdom. Its capital—also named Han—was located in the southern area of present-day Huai'an municipality. By the early Spring and Autumn period at the latest, Han was conquered by the state of Wu, whose King Fuchai named his Han Canal (simplified Chinese: 邗沟; traditional Chinese: 邗溝; pinyin: Hángōu) and Hancheng (at present-day Yangzhou) after it.

Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Ottoman, Hittite, and Mitanni conflict, as well as in ancient China.

The relationships between vassal rulers and empires were dependent upon the policies and agreements of each empire. While the payment of tribute and military service was common amongst vassal states, the degree of independence and benefits given to vassal states varied. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate, client state, associated state, or satellite state.
La Veneno
Cristina Ortiz Rodríguez (19 March 1964 – 9 November 2016), better known as La Veneno ('The She Poison'), was a Spanish singer, actress, sex worker, and media personality. Considered one of the more important and beloved LGBT icons in Spain since her death, she rose to fame in 1996 after being discovered in the park where she worked as a sex worker by Faela Sainz, a reporter for the late-night talk show Esta noche cruzamos el Mississippi, broadcast on Telecinco from 1995 to 1997 and hosted by the journalist Pepe Navarro. She later appeared regularly on the show as well as on La sonrisa del pelícano.

Distinguished for her spectacular appearance and profane humor, La Veneno was one of the early transgender women to become widely known in Spain, and she has been recognised as a pioneering trans icon. In 2020, a critically acclaimed series produced by Atresmedia following her life became a hit show in Spain.

Sex worker
A sex worker is a person who provides sex work, either on a regular or occasional basis. The term is used in reference to those who work in all areas of the sex industry. According to one view, sex work is voluntary "and is seen as the commercial exchange of sex for money or goods". Thus it differs from sexual exploitation, or the forcing of a person to commit sexual acts.
Tsumetai Tsuki
"Tsumetai Tsuki" (冷たい月, lit. "Cold Moon") is the 37th single by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka. Written by Moritaka and Yuichi Takahashi, the single was released by zetima on October 1, 1998. The song was used as an image song for NTV's booth at the 1998 Museum of Fine Arts Exhibition at the Musée de l'Orangerie in Paris to commemorate the network's 45th anniversary.

Musée de l'Orangerie
The Musée de l'Orangerie (English: Orangery Museum) is an art gallery of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings located in the west corner of the Tuileries Garden next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. The museum is most famous as the permanent home of eight large Water Lilies murals by Claude Monet, and also contains works by Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri Rousseau, Alfred Sisley, Chaïm Soutine, Maurice Utrillo, and others.
Elizabeth von Till Warren
Elizabeth von Till Warren (April 16, 1934 – April 21, 2021) was an American historian and preservationist. She had expertise in the history of water development in the Mojave Desert and the Las Vegas Valley in particular. She also had expertise in the historical route of the Old Spanish Trail in Southern Nevada.

She was married to Claude Warren. They had four children: Claude Jr., Susan, Louis, and Jonathan.

Her papers are available at Special Collections, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Southern Nevada
Southern Nevada (SNV) is a region and the southern portion of the U.S. state of Nevada which includes the Las Vegas Valley. It also includes the areas in and around Pahrump and Pioche. Tonopah and Hawthorne are sometimes also referred to as part of Southern Nevada, but all organizations based in the Las Vegas area, such as the Southern Nevada Health District, effectively limit the term to the Las Vegas Valley.

Geographically, parts of Southern Nevada are within the Mojave Desert. The population of the region, as measured by the 2020 U.S. Census, is 2,327,680, with 2,265,461 living in the Las Vegas Valley (i.e., Clark County). Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Southern Nevada have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Las Vegas's and Southern Nevada’s water security.
Dan K. Morhaim
Dan Koenig Morhaim (born on December 27, 1948) is an American politician, physician, and author. He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing northwest Baltimore County from 1995 to 2019. He sponsored legislation concerning healthcare, the environment, and streamlining government operations. As an author, Morhaim has written articles for medical publications and the general media at large.

Baltimore County, Maryland
Baltimore County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Baltimore County partly surrounds but does not include the independent city of Baltimore. It is part of the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Northern Virginia in the south to Boston in the north and includes major American population centers, including New York City and Philadelphia. Major economic sectors in the county include education, government, and health care. As of the 2020 census, the population was 854,535. The county is home to several universities, including Goucher College, Stevenson University, Towson University, and University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Hamp's Boogie Woogie
"Hamp's Boogie Woogie" is a 1944 instrumental written by Milt Buckner and Lionel Hampton and performed by Lionel Hampton and His Orchestra. The song, featuring Earl Bostic on alto sax,  hit number one on the Harlem Hit Parade and peaked at number eighteen. The song was number seven on Billboard's Annual High School Student Survey in 1945.

Earl Bostic
Eugene Earl Bostic (April 25, 1913 – October 28, 1965) was an American alto saxophonist. Bostic's recording career was diverse, his musical output encompassing jazz, swing, jump blues and the post-war American rhythm and blues style, which he pioneered. He had a number of popular hits such as "Flamingo", "Harlem Nocturne", "Temptation", "Sleep", "Special Delivery Stomp", and "Where or When", which all showed off his characteristic growl on the horn. He was a major influence on John Coltrane.
Aga Khan University
Aga Khan University is a private research university based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a non-profit institution and an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network. It was founded in 1983 as Pakistan's first private university. Starting in 2000, the university expanded to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom and Afghanistan.

AKU began life as a health-sciences university. It is among the largest private health-care providers in Pakistan and East Africa. AKU hospitals were the first in those regions accredited by U.S.-based Joint Commission International.

More recently, the university has initiated programmes in teacher education, the study of Muslim civilisations, journalism, early childhood development and public policy. The university has also launched an undergraduate liberal-arts programme to educate future leaders in a wide range of fields and establish additional graduate professional schools.

Master of Education
The Master of Education (MEd or M.Ed. or Ed.M.; Latin Magister Educationis or Educationis Magister) is a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. This degree in education often includes the following majors: curriculum and instruction, counseling, school psychology, and administration. It is often conferred for educators advancing in their field. Similar degrees (providing qualifications for similar careers) include the Master of Arts in Education (MAEd or M.A.Ed. or M.A.E.) and the Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed. or MScEd or M.Sc.Ed. or M.S.E.).