hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valentín Díaz
Valentín Díaz y Villanueva (1 November 1845 – 11 December 1916) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. He was elected as treasurer of the organization. On July 7, 1892, he together with fellow masons Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Ladislao Diwa, and Jose Dizon founded the Katipunan through the ritual of blood compact.

Díaz was born in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. He was a member of La Liga Filipina, which José Rizal founded to peacefully promote reforms in the Spanish colonial administration of the Philippines. Being a resident of Tondo, Manila, he joined the La Liga council that was headed by Andrés Bonifacio, one of the founders of the Katipunan.

Díaz was one of the signatories of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. He joined the revolutionaries exiled in Hong Kong as one of the conditions set forth by the Pact.

Díaz died on 11 December 1916 at the age of 71.

Pact of Biak-na-Bato
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the revolutionary government would go into exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to purchase advance firearms and ammunition later on return to the archipelago.: 49 : 232

The pact was signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, in the house of Pablo Tecson, a Philippine revolutionary captain who served as brigadier general in the 'Brigada Del Pilar' (military troop) of General Gregorio del Pilar during the Revolution.
Polyfill (programming)
In software development, a polyfill is code that implements a new standard feature of a deployment environment within an old version of that environment that does not natively support the feature. Most often, it refers to JavaScript code that implements an HTML5 or CSS web standard, either an established standard (supported by some browsers) on older browsers, or a proposed standard (not supported by any browsers) on existing browsers. Polyfills are also used in PHP and Python.

Polyfills allow web developers to use an API regardless of whether or not it is supported by a browser, and usually with minimal overhead. Typically they first check if a browser supports an API, and use it if available, otherwise using their own implementation. Polyfills themselves use other, more supported features, and thus different polyfills may be needed for different browsers. The term is also used as a verb: polyfilling is providing a polyfill for a feature.

Web standards
Web standards are the formal, non-proprietary standards and other technical specifications that define and describe aspects of the World Wide Web. In recent years, the term has been more frequently associated with the trend of endorsing a set of standardized best practices for building web sites, and a philosophy of web design and development that includes those methods.
Gerečja Vas
Gerečja Vas (pronounced [ˈɡeːɾɛtʃja ˈʋaːs]; Slovene: Gerečja vas, German: Gersdorf) is a village in the Municipality of Hajdina in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Archaeological excavations near the settlement in 2008 unveiled prehistoric settlement layers.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Hazel-Nash House
Hazel-Nash House, also known as the Hasell-Nash House, is a historic home located at Hillsborough, Orange County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1820, and consists of a two-story, three-bay, pedimented central block flanked by a pair of pedimented single-story wings.  The front facade features a single-story porch supported by Ionic order columns and a central Palladian window.  Its design is probably based on Robert Morris (1703–1754) plate 37 of his Rural Architecture. (London, 1750).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.  It is located in the Hillsborough Historic District.

Orange County, North Carolina
Orange County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 148,696. Its county seat is Hillsborough. Orange County is included in the Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Rafael Urazbakhtin
Rafael Radikovich Urazbakhtin (Russian: Рафаэль Радикович Уразбахтин; born 20 November 1978) is a Kazakh professional football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is currently in charge of Kazakhstan Premier League club Kairat. He played for ten different clubs during his fifteen-year career, and made twelve appearances for the Kazakhstan national team between 1998 and 2004. He spent the vast majority of his career in Kazakhstan, but left the country in 2001 to play for Rostov in Russia.

FC Zhetysu
Jetisu Taldykorgan (Kazakh: Жетісу Талдықорған футбол клубы, Jetisu Taldyqorǵan Futbol Kluby) is a Kazakh professional football club based at the Zhetysu stadium in Taldykorgan. They are a founding member of the Kazakhstan Premier League, having missed five seasons because of relegations.
Cape to Cairo Railway
The Cape to Cairo Railway is an unfinished project to create a railway line from southern to northern Africa. It would have been the largest and most important railway on the continent. It was planned as a link between Cape Town in South Africa and Port Said in Egypt.

The project was never completed. Completed parts have been inoperative for many years, as a result of wars and lack of maintenance by the former colonies and current governments.

The plan was initiated at the end of the 19th century, during the time of Western European colonial rule. It was largely based on the vision of Cecil Rhodes, an attempt to connect African colonies of the British Empire through a continuous railway line from Cape Town, South Africa to Cairo, Egypt.

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
Xerox Escape Sequence
Xerox Escape Sequence or XES is a page description language (PDL) developed by Xerox corporation and introduced with their 2700 laser printers in 1982.  XES offers similar capabilities to Hewlett-Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL), which first appeared in 1984.  XES is supported by most Xerox laser printers including the 2700. 3700, 4011, 4030, 4045, 4197, 4213, 4235, and 4700.

XES is sometimes known as UDK, from User Defined Key, the character which introduces the printer command. Commands are normally introduced by the escape character (ESC - ASCII '1B'x, EBCDIC '27'x ). This character may be changed in the data stream by the command =UDK=c, where c is the value to be used going forward. c may be any character except U, D, K, space, or 0 through 9.

Escape character
In computing and telecommunications, an escape character is a character (more specifically a metacharacter) that, based on a contextual convention, specifies an alternative interpretation of the sequence of characters that follow it. The escape character plus the characters that follow it to form a syntactic unit is called an escape sequence. A convention can define any particular character code as a sequence prefix. Some conventions use a normal, printable character such as backslash (\) or ampersand (&). Others use a non-printable (a.k.a. control) character such as ASCII escape.

In telecommunications, an escape character is used to indicate that the following characters are encoded differently. This is used to alter control characters that would otherwise be noticed and acted on by the underlying telecommunications hardware, such as illegal characters. In this context, the use of an escape character is sometimes referred to as quoting.
I Thought It Took a Little Time (But Today I Fell in Love)
"I Thought It Took a Little Time (But Today I Fell in Love)" is a song recorded by American singer Diana Ross taken from her 1976 second self-titled album, Diana Ross. The song was written by Michael Masser and Pam Sawyer, and produced by Masser. It was released as the album's second single on February 20, 1976 by Motown Records. The song reached number 4 on the Top Easy Listening chart.

Pam Sawyer
Pamela Joan Sawyer (born 1938) is an English songwriter/lyricist, who started writing songs in the mid-1960s and whose credits as a co-writer at Motown included "Love Child", "If I Were Your Woman", "My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)", and "Love Hangover".
Battle of Montecatini
The Battle of Montecatini was fought in the Val di Nievole on 29 August 1315 between the Republic of Pisa, and the forces of both the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Florence. The Ghibelline army of Pisa, commanded by Uguccione della Faggiuola, won a victory over the Guelf armies of the Florentines and their allies. The Neapolitan forces, made up of 3200 cavalry and 30,000–60,000 infantry, were commanded by Philip I of Taranto, while the Pisan forces consisted of 3000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry.

Philip survived the battle, his eldest son Charles of Taranto and his brother Peter, Count of Eboli and Gravina, were both killed in the fight. Additional deaths included members of 114 Florentine noble families. Francesco della Faggiuola, son of Uguccione, was killed possibly in personal combat with Charles of Taranto.

Republic of Pisa
The Republic of Pisa (Italian: Repubblica di Pisa) was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century, centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa.

The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, leading to increased wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land. It lost its independence to Florence in 1406.

The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical maritime republics of Italy.
Varshavskoye Highway
Varshavskoye Highway (Russian: Варшавское шоссе, literally Warsaw Highway) is a major street in Moscow, Russia, continued beyond the city limit at Moscow Ring Road into Moscow Oblast as a backup route for M2 highway, a major trunk road. It continues the Bolshaya Tulskaya Street of central Moscow, and close from its start the Kashirskoye Highway branches from it.

55°38′27″N 37°37′11″E﻿ / ﻿55.64083°N 37.61972°E﻿ / 55.64083; 37.61972

Trunk road
A trunk road is a major highway with a specific legal classification in some jurisdictions, notably the United Kingdom, Sweden and formerly Ireland. Trunk roads are planned and managed at the national level, distinguishing them from non-trunk roads which are managed by local authorities. Trunk roads are important routes usually connecting two or more cities, ports, airports and other places, which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. Many trunk roads have segregated lanes in a dual carriageway, or are of motorway standard.

The term trunk road, or trunk highway, is sometimes used more generically to refer to other categories of major highway.
Ohio Valley Premier League
The Ohio Valley Premier League (OVPL) is a USASA-affiliated league through US Club Soccer that includes teams from Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The regular season of the OVPL runs May through July.

The men's division was announced in November 2019 and the women's division was announced in February 2020. Both were due to begin play in summer 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the summer season was cancelled and a fall season was started. In 2021, the OVPL also hosted a spring season.

US Club Soccer
National Association of Competitive Soccer Clubs (US Club Soccer) is a national non-profit organization and member of the United States Soccer Federation that works to develop and support soccer clubs in the United States.
Jenevieve Aken
Jenevieve Aken (born 1989) is a Nigerian documentary, self-portrait and urban portrait photographer, focusing on cultural and social issues. Her work often revolves around her personal experiences and social issues surrounding gender roles. Aken also models in her self-portrait works. Her work has been shown at Lagos Photo Festival. Aken currently resides in Lagos, Nigeria.

MTN Group
MTN Group Limited (formerly M-Cell) is a South African multinational corporation and mobile telecommunications provider. Its head office is in Johannesburg. MTN is among the largest mobile network operators in the world, and the largest in Africa.

In October 2025 MTN announced it had surpassed 300 million customers, the first African-headquartered telco to reach that milestone, making it the sixth-largest in the world by subscriber count. It has a footprint in sixteen countries in Africa and the Middle East.
The Quincunx
The Quincunx (The Inheritance of John Huffam) is the epic debut novel of Charles Palliser. It takes the form of a Dickensian mystery set in early 19th century England, but Palliser has added the modern attributes of an ambiguous plot and unreliable narrators. Many of the puzzles that are apparently solved in the story have an alternative solution in the subtext.

Subtext
In any communication, in any medium or format, "subtext" is the underlying or implicit meaning that, while not explicitly stated, is understood by an audience.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as "an underlying and often distinct theme in a conversation, piece of writing, etc.", while according to Merriam-Webster, subtext is "the implicit or metaphorical meaning (as of a literary text)".

These definitions highlight that subtext involves themes or messages that are not directly conveyed, but can be inferred.
Marine View, Washington
Marine View is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grant County, Washington, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 405.

The CDP is in the southeast part of the county, at the northern base of the Frenchman Hills, on the south side of Washington State Route 262. Potholes Reservoir and Potholes State Park are to the north across the state highway. Othello is 24 miles (39 km) east and south by state highway, and Moses Lake is 18 miles (29 km) east and north.

Moses Lake, Washington
Moses Lake is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 25,146 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 26,969 in 2024. Moses Lake is the most populous city in Grant County. The city anchors the Moses Lake Micropolitan area, which includes all of Grant County and is part of the Moses Lake–Othello combined statistical area.

Moses Lake, on which the city lies, is made up of three main arms over 18 miles (29 km) long and up to one mile (1.6 km) wide. It is the largest natural body of fresh water in Grant County and has over 120 miles (190 km) of shoreline covering 6,500 acres (2,600 ha). Before it was dammed in the early 1900s and then incorporated into the Columbia Basin Project, Moses Lake was a smaller shallow lake. To the south of the town is the Potholes Reservoir and the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge that has a number of seep lakes and vast amounts of migratory birds and other fauna natural to the area.
Monastery of Mohill-Manchan
The monastery of Mohill-Manchan (Irish: mainistir an Maothail-Manachain) was anciently located at Mohill, in county Leitrim. The earliest church was founded by Manchán of Mohill in the 6th century. Little is known about the former monastic community here. About the year 1216, the monastery became a religious house of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine dedicated to the Saint Mary until suppression c. 1550 – c. 1590. The Priory of Mohill was briefly revived during Confederate Ireland rule but suppressed again by Cromwellian forces c. 1649–1653. From the ruins St. Mary's Church, Mohill, of Protestant denomination, was established in the 18th century.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Luiz Henrique da Silveira
Luiz Henrique da Silveira (February 25, 1940 – May 10, 2015) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He represented Santa Catarina in the Federal Senate from 2011 to 2015. He was governor of Santa Catarina from 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

He died of a heart attack on May 10, 2015, in Itapema. His wife, Ivete da Silveira, later also became a senator for Santa Catarina.

Federal Senate (Brazil)
The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. When created under the Imperial Constitution in 1824, it was based on the House of Lords of the British Parliament, but since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889 and under the first republican Constitution the Federal Senate has resembled the United States Senate.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, a member of UNIÃO from Amapá. He was re-elected in February 2025 for his two-year non-consecutive term, as he had already led the Senate between 2019-21 during Bolsonaro's government.
Etymology of Assam
Though the precise Etymology of Assam, a state in India is  unclear—there is general agreement that it is related to the Ahom people. Whatever the source of the English name, Assam is itself an anglicization.

Mir Jumla II
Mir Jumla II (12 February 1591 – 30 March 1663), or Amir Jumla, also known as Ardistānī Mir Muhammad, was a military general, wealthy diamond trader, a Vizier of Golconda sultanate, and later a prominent subahdar of Bengal under the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

Mir Jumla was a powerful politician that played important role in northern and Peninsular region of India during the reign of Shah Jahan to Aurangzeb, where he encountered multiple European nation companies interest in India, such as Danish East India Company, East India Company, Dutch East India Company, and Portuguese East India Company.

He commanded the vast merchant fleets enterprise which sailed throughout Surat, Thatta, Arakan, Ayuthya, Balasore, Aceh, Melaka, Johore, Bantam, Makassar, Ceylon, Bandar Abbas, Mecca, Jeddah, Basra, Aden, Masqat, Mocha and the Maldives. The most important aspect of Mir Jumla's rule in Bengal was his northeastern frontier military campaign against Koch Bihar and the Ahom kingdom.
Pieter Maria Frans van Meeuwen
Jonkheer Pieter Maria Frans van Meeuwen (1837 's-Hertogenbosch - 1913 's-Hertogenbosch), was a Dutch jurist and president of the court of justice. He was a member of the Catholic elite and a member of the lower nobility with the title jonkheer.

Van Meeuwen was the son of Eduardus Johannes Petrus van Meeuwen, a governor of Limburg, and Cornelia Theresia Hanssen. Pieter's grandfather Petrus Andreas van Meeuwen was a large brewer in 's-Hertogenbosch and Amsterdam. He was a member of the National Assembly and belonged to the moderate unitarians, who were advocates of a central government. Pieter van Meeuwen studied law at Leiden University. From 1859 he was a lawyer in 's-Hertogenbosch.

Province of Limburg (1815–1839)
Limburg (Dutch: Provincie Limburg, French: Province de Limbourg) was one of the provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and later Belgium. The province existed for the duration of the United Kingdom, from 1815 to 1830, and for the first years after Belgian independence, from 1830 to 1839. When King William I signed the Treaty of London in 1839, the province was split into a Belgian part and a Dutch part, the latter being a new Duchy of Limburg.
Molyneux (ward)
Molyneux is a Metropolitan Borough of Sefton ward in the Sefton Central Parliamentary constituency that covers the localities of Aintree, Melling, Waddicar and the southern part of Maghull. The population of the ward as at the 2011 census was 12,763.

Melling, Merseyside
Melling is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 2,810, rising to 3,493 at the 2011 Census.
Melling Rock contains a public house as well as St Thomas and the Holy Rood. The town of Waddicar, of which most of the population of Melling consists, is usually regarded as part of Melling itself and is served by the parish council which is based in the local Melling Primary School.
Southern Research
Southern Research is a not-for-profit US 501(c)(3) research organization that conducts basic and applied research for commercial and non-commercial organizations across four divisions: Drug development, Drug discovery, Energy & Environment, and Engineering.

Clofarabine
Clofarabine is a purine nucleoside antimetabolite marketed in the United States and Canada as Clolar. In Europe and Australia/New Zealand the product is marketed under the name Evoltra. It is FDA-approved for treating relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children after at least two other types of treatment have failed. Some investigations of effectiveness in cases of  acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) have been carried out. Ongoing trials are assessing its efficacy for managing other cancers.
Rudno, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Rudno [ˈrudnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pelplin, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.