hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IFIP Working Group 2.3
IFIP Working Group 2.3 on Programming Methodology is a working group of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). Its main aim is to increase programmers’ ability to compose programs. To this end, WG2.3 provides an international forum for discussion and cross-fertilization of ideas between researchers in programming methodology and neighboring fields. Generally, members report on work in progress and expect suggestions and advice. Discussions are often broadened by inviting "observers" to meetings as full participants, some of whom eventually become members.

Ole-Johan Dahl
Ole-Johan Dahl (12 October 1931 – 29 June 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist. Dahl was a professor of computer science at the University of Oslo and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard. In 2001, Dahl and Nygaard won the ACM Turing Award.
Diminished responsibility
In criminal law, diminished responsibility (or diminished capacity) is a potential defense by excuse by which defendants argue that although they broke the law, they should not be held fully criminally liable for doing so, as their mental functions were "diminished" or impaired.

Legal liability
In law, liable means  "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. The claimant is the one who seeks to establish, or prove, liability.
Rollo in Emblemland
Rollo in Emblemland  or Emblemland is a novel by John Kendrick Bangs, written in 1902 and published by R. H. Russell of New York. It is a tale inspired by the style of Lewis Carroll's 1865 book, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

In it, a young boy named Rollo falls asleep and finds himself not in Wonderland, but in "Emblemland", a place described by Cupid as "the home of all Emblems.... Emblems are signs and symbols. I'm an Emblem, because I am the symbol of love; Uncle Sam is the symbol of the United States, and John Bull is the symbol of England, and the Owl is the symbol of wisdom...."

The book features line drawings by Bang's co-author Charles Raymond Macauley

In 1907, Bangs wrote a parody of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland called Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream

Uncle Sam
Uncle Sam is a common national personification of the United States, depicting the federal government or the country as a whole. Since the early 19th century, Uncle Sam has been a popular symbol of the U.S. government in American culture and a manifestation of patriotic emotion. Uncle Sam has also developed notoriety for his appearance in military propaganda, made popular in 1917 World War I recruiting poster by James Montgomery Flagg.

According to legend, the character came into use during the War of 1812 and may have been named after Samuel Wilson. The actual origin is obscure. The first reference to Uncle Sam in formal literature (as distinct from newspapers) was in the 1816 allegorical book The Adventures of Uncle Sam, in Search After His Lost Honor.

While the figure of Uncle Sam specifically represents the government, the female figure of Columbia represents the United States as a nation. An archaic character, Brother Jonathan, was known to represent the American populace.
Debshankar Haldar
Debshankar Haldar (or Debshankar Halder or Debsankar Halder) is a Bengali theatre actor with a long career in Bengali theatre groups such as Nandikar, Rangapat, Natyaranga, Sudrak, Gandhar, Bratyajon, Sansriti and Blank Verse. He started with Nandikar . After that he started freelancing  kolkata theatre. He is Known for his versatility, he played the role of Debabrata Biswas in ‘Bratyajon’'s production ‘Ruddha Sangeet’, Swami Vivekananda in Lokkrishti's Biley and the historical theatrical figure Sisir Kumar Bhaduri in Indraranga's Nisshanga Samrat. Debshankar has also worked in films.

Jackson Records
Jackson Records is a film and music publishing label based in India. The label and its sub-labels / imprints are owned and administered by Jackson Records Digital Entertainment LLP (formerly known as Digisys Media Network until July 2014). Jackson Records as a label started functioning from December, 2011.
Shamir, Israel
Shamir (Hebrew: שמיר) is a kibbutz in Upper Galilee area of Israel. Located on the western slopes of the Golan Heights, it falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 833.

Upper Galilee Regional Council
The Upper Galilee Regional Council (Hebrew: מוֹעָצָה אֲזוֹרִית הַגָּלִיל הַעֶלְיוֹן, translit. Mo'atza Azorit HaGalil HaElyon) is a regional council in Israel's Upper Galilee region, bordered by the Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council and the Golan Regional Council, as well as a border with southern Lebanon.

The municipal area has a population of 15,500 and is headed by Giora Salz since December 2012, following 14 years by veteran Aharon Valenci. Its headquarters are located in Kiryat Shmona, an independent city not included in the council's jurisdiction.
UN Women Ethiopia
UN Women Ethiopia Country Office (ECO) Started functioning in 2012 and has operated as the country office. Collaborative partnerships and joint implementation are the national office's strategy for influencing capacity and resources to affect a significant number of women and girls. ECO collaborates closely with the UN agencies, civil society organizations (CSOs), the Government of Ethiopia (GoE), and other partners.

Partnership
A partnership is an agreement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelihood of each achieving their mission and to amplify their reach. A partnership may result in issuing and holding equity or may be only governed by a contract.
Haslet
Haslet or "acelet" is a pork meatloaf with herbs, originally from Lincolnshire. The British English word is derived from the Old French hastilles meaning entrails. In Lincolnshire, haslet (pronounced '/ˈhæslɪt/' locally) is typically made from stale white bread, minced pork, sage, salt and black pepper. It is of a fine, dense texture and can be thinly sliced, typically served cold with pickles and salad, or as a sandwich filling. In England, it is sold primarily by butchers and in markets and occasionally sold on a delicatessen counter. It is often made in-house by traditional butchers as a way of utilising scraps, minimising waste and increasing profits. As such, recipes may be personalised and with regional variation.

Welsh haslet is traditionally made from finely minced potatoes, pigs' liver and onions.

In North American English, "haslet" refers to the "edible viscera of a butchered animal".

Meatloaf
Meatloaf is a dish of ground meat combined with other ingredients, formed into the shape of a loaf, then baked or smoked. It may be hand-formed on a baking tray or pan-formed in a loaf pan.  It is usually made with ground beef, although ground lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry, and seafood are also used, sometimes in combination. Vegetarian adaptations of meatloaf may use imitation meat or pulses.

The cooked meatloaf can be sliced like a loaf of bread to make individual portions. It can easily become dry; therefore, various techniques exist to keep the dish moist, like mixing in bread crumbs and egg, covering it with sauce, wrapping it, or using moisture-enhancing ingredients in the mixture, such as filling it with fatty meats, cheeses, or vegetables.
Adenosine receptor antagonist
An adenosine receptor antagonist is a drug which acts as an antagonist of one or more of the adenosine receptors. The best known are xanthines and their derivatives (natural: caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine; and synthetic: PSB-1901), but there are also non-xanthine representatives (e.g. ISAM-140, ISAM-R316, etrumadenant, and AZD-4635)

ISAM-140
ISAM-140 is a selective non-xanthinic adenosine A2B receptor antagonist. Discovered in 2016, it has a Ki of 3.49 nM on the A2B receptor and >1000-fold selectivity with respect to the other three adenosine receptor subtypes. It has been shown to help the immune system to attack cancer cells in in vitro assays by rescuing T and NK cell proliferation, cytokine release, and TIL infiltration.
Kota Belud
Kota Belud (Malay: Pekan Kota Belud) is the capital of the Kota Belud District in the West Coast Division of Sabah, Malaysia. Its population was estimated to be around 8,392 in 2010. It is roughly at the midpoint of the federal highway connecting the state capital, Kota Kinabalu, and Kudat, near the northern tip of Sabah. The town is considered as the unofficial capital and gateway to the heartland of the West Coast Bajau people.

Kota Belud's population is divided between the Bajau-Sama (including Illanun) and Dusun peoples. There is a Chinese minority, which consists mainly of Hakkas. It is noted for its open air market, or tamu, which is held every Sunday. Once a year, the tamu is held on a much larger scale. During this time, it is known as the Tamu Besar or Grand Market.

A 520 feet (160 m) bailey bridge was opened on 12 November 1962, following three months of construction. It was opened by Governor William Goode.

Bailey bridge
A Bailey bridge is a type of portable, pre-fabricated, truss bridge. It was developed in 1940–1941 by the British for military use during the Second World War and saw extensive use by British, Canadian and American military engineering units. A Bailey bridge has the advantages of requiring no special tools or heavy equipment to assemble. The wood and steel bridge elements were small and light enough to be carried in trucks and lifted into place by hand, without the use of a crane. These bridges were strong enough to carry tanks. Bailey bridges continue to be used extensively in civil engineering construction projects and to provide temporary crossings for pedestrian and vehicle traffic.
Polków
Polków [ˈpɔlkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduńska Wola, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) west of Zduńska Wola and 48 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zduńska Wola County
Zduńska Wola County (Polish: powiat zduńskowolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Zduńska Wola, which lies 41 kilometres (25 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Szadek, lying 12 km (7 mi) north of Zduńska Wola.

The county covers an area of 369.19 square kilometres (142.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 67,704, out of which the population of Zduńska Wola is 44,370, that of Szadek is 2,007, and the rural population is 21,327.
Distributed source coding
Distributed source coding (DSC) is an important problem in information theory and communication. DSC problems regard the compression of multiple correlated information sources that do not communicate with each other.   By modeling the correlation between multiple sources at the decoder side together with channel codes, DSC is able to shift the computational complexity from encoder side to decoder side, therefore provide appropriate frameworks for applications with complexity-constrained sender, such as sensor networks and video/multimedia compression (see distributed video coding). One of the main properties of distributed source coding is that the computational burden in encoders is shifted to the joint decoder.

Jacob Ziv
Jacob Ziv (Hebrew: יעקב זיו; 27 November 1931 – 25 March 2023) was an Israeli electrical engineer and information theorist who developed the LZ family of lossless data compression algorithms alongside Abraham Lempel. He is also a namesake of the Ziv–Zakai bound in estimation theory, with Moshe Zakai.
Budu (sauce)
Budu (Jawi: بودو‎; Thai: บูดู RTGS: budu pronounced [būːdūː], also known as น้ำบูดู nam budu) is a traditional anchovy sauce condiment made among ethnic Malays populating Thai provinces Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani plus Malaysian states of Kelantan and Terengganu altogether east coast of the Malay Peninsula, to the Natuna Islands (called pedek or pedok), South Sumatra, Bangka Island, and West Kalimantan (called rusip) in Borneo of Indonesia.

It is used as a flavouring and is normally eaten with fish, rice, and raw vegetables.

Bangka Island
Bangka is an island lying east of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is administered under the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, being one of its namesakes alongside the smaller island of Belitung across the Gaspar Strait. The 9th largest island in Indonesia, it had a population of 1,146,581 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,191,300. It is the location of the provincial capital of Pangkal Pinang, and is administratively divided into four regencies and a city. The island itself and the surrounding sea suffers considerable environmental damage from its thriving tin mining industry which operates on- and offshore.
Eva Loseth
Eva Loseth (born December 20, 1968, in Chicago, Illinois, US) is an American former actress who had guest starring appearances in a total of nine episodes over seven television series from 1991 to 1995.

She guest starred in Saved by the Bell, Quantum Leap, Doogie Howser, M.D., Silk Stalkings, Weird Science, Diagnosis: Murder and in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Life Support".

Loseth's last two credited roles were in the feature films Art House (1998) and The Dead Girl (2006).

As of 2023, and since at least 2012, Loseth is a real estate agent in Chicago.

Doogie Howser, M.D.
Doogie Howser, M.D. is an American medical sitcom that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19, 1989, to March 24, 1993, totaling 97 episodes. Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley, the show stars Neil Patrick Harris in the title role as a teenage physician who balances the challenge of practicing medicine with the everyday problems of teenage life.
Jeduthun
Jeduthun - lauder; praising - the name of two men in the Bible.

A Levite of the family of Merari, and one of the three masters of music appointed by David. (1 Chr. 16:41, 42; 25:1-6) His office was generally to preside over the music of the temple service. Jeduthun's name stands at the head of Psalms 39, 62 and 77, indicating probably that they were to be sung by his choir. Jeduthun and Heman were responsible for the sounding of the trumpets and cymbals and for the playing of the other instruments for sacred song. (1 Chronicles 16:42).

A Levite whose son or descendant Obed-Edom was a gatekeeper at the time David brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 16:1).

Psalm 77
Psalm 77 is the 77th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "I cried unto God with my voice, even unto God with my voice; and he gave ear unto me."

In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 76. In Latin, it is known as "Voce mea ad Dominum clamavi".

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music.
2019 Grand Prix Hassan II – Singles
Benoît Paire defeated defending champion Pablo Andújar in the final, 6–2, 6–3, to win the singles tennis title at the 2019 Grand Prix Hassan II. The win earned Paire his second career Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles title, his first in four years. Andújar saw his 13-match winning streak snapped in the loss after he had won two consecutive ATP Challenger Tour titles in Marbella and Alicante in the two weeks prior to the tournament.

Carlos Berlocq
Carlos Alberto Berlocq  (Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾlos alˈβeɾto βeɾˈlok]; born February 3, 1983) is an Argentine former professional tennis player and coach nicknamed Charly, Panther and Warlocq.  Berlocq's career-high singles ranking was World No. 37, achieved in March 2012. His favourite surface was clay.
Etches
Etches is a surname. Notable people by that name include:

Adam Etches (born 1991), British professional boxer

Bill Etches (1921–2015), British Army officer

Matilda Etches (1898–1974), British fashion designer

Stephen Etches, English translator of the Bible into Albanian

Steve Etches (born 1949), English plumber and fossil collector

Vera Etches (born 1975), Canadian physician

Vera Etches
Vera G. Etches (born 1975) is a Canadian physician and public health expert who served as Ottawa's medical officer of health from 2018 to 2025, the first woman to hold the position. She is best known for leading the city's public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2025, she became the president and chief executive officer of the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO).
Mohammad Hameed Shahid
Mohammad Hameed Shahid (born 23 March 1957) is a Pakistani short story writer, novelist and literary critic. He is well known for his Urdu fiction writings. He was awarded the  Award with Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 2016, one of the highest literary honour given by the Government of Pakistan.

Tamgha-e-Imtiaz
Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Urdu: تمغۂِ امتیاز, lit. 'Medal of Excellence'), also spelled as Tamgha-i-Imtiaz, is a state-bestowed honour of Pakistan. It is given to any civilian in Pakistan based on their achievements. While it is a civilian/military award, it can be bestowed upon officers of the Pakistan Armed Forces and worn on their uniform. It can also be awarded to foreign citizens who have performed great service to Pakistan.
Early American molded glass
Early American molded glass refers to glass  functional and decorative objects, such as bottles and dishware, that were manufactured in the United States in the 19th century.  The objects were produced by blowing molten glass into a mold, thereby causing the glass to assume the shape and pattern design of the mold.  When a plunger rather than blowing is used, as became usual later, the glass is technically called pressed glass.
Common blown molded tableware items bearing designs include salt dishes, sugar bowls, creamers, celery stands, decanters, and drinking glasses.

Household items, other than dishware, made using the three-mold method include inkwells, oil lamps, birdcage fountains, hats, medicine and perfume bottles, and witch balls. Whiskey flasks bearing unique designs were made in two part molds.  Undecorated bottles used as containers for a variety of liquids were blown into square molds to give them corners so they could be packed into compartments of wooden cases.

Birdcage
A birdcage (or bird cage) is a cage designed to house birds as pets.

Antique (or antique-style) birdcages are often popular as collector's items or as household decor but most are not suitable for housing live birds, being too small, improper shape, using unsafe materials or construction. Longer, good quality cages designed for pet birds are more suitable.
Joetsu Aquarium
Joetsu aquarium (上越市立水族博物館) is a Japanese Public Aquarium owned by Joetsu City and located in Gochi, Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Its origins date back to 1934, but it reopened in June 2018 under the nickname "Umigatari" (うみがたり). This is an aquarium dedicated to the Sea of Japan, with the concept of discussing the sea.

It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA), and the aquarium is accredited as a Registered Museum by the Museum Act from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

Public aquarium
A public aquarium (pl. aquaria; or public water zoo) is the aquatic equivalent of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks.

Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.
Marián Dirnbach
Marián Dirnbach (born 13 September 1979 in Bratislava) is a retired Slovak football striker. He played for a number of clubs, including Nitra, Trenčín, Ružomberok, and Inter Bratislava. Dirnbach was capped three times by the Slovakia national football team.

In a match-fixing case, the FIFA confirmed a 25-year-ban on 28 January 2014. Marián Dirnbach may not play professional football in any country worldwide for that period of time.

AS Trenčín
AS Trenčín (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈaː ˈes ˈtrentʂiːn] ⓘ) is a Slovak sports club in the town of Trenčín, most known for its football department. The football team currently plays in the Slovak First Football League, since they were the champions of the 2010–11 Slovak First League. The club plays its home games at the Štadión na Sihoti with a capacity of 10,000 spectators. They are two-time champions of the Slovak First Football League.
Laura L. Koenig
Laura L. Koenig is an American linguist and speech scientist.

She is a professor of communication sciences and disorders at Adelphi University. She conducted her thesis work at Haskins Laboratories, and continues there as a Senior Scientist working on differences in laryngeal function across normal populations (men, women, and children) and on the development of speech production in children. Web of Science reports 20 papers in peer-reviewed journals, with over 200 citations. Much of her current work is conducted in collaboration with Jorge C. Lucero of the University of Brasília. She teaches courses in phonetics, linguistics, acoustics, speech science, and research design, and is an Associate Editor for speech production of the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

Adelphi University
Adelphi University is a private university in Garden City, New York, United States. Adelphi also has centers in Downtown Brooklyn, Hudson Valley, and Suffolk County in addition to a virtual, online campus for remote students. As of 2019, it had about 7,859 undergraduate and graduate students.
5th Electoral Unit of Republika Srpska (NSRS)
The fifth electoral unit of Republika Srpska is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the National Assembly of Republika Srpska since 2014.  It consists of the Municipalities of Stanari, Doboj,
Petrovo and
Teslić.

National Assembly (Republika Srpska)
The People's Assembly of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске, НСРС; Croatian: Narodna skupština Republike Srpske, NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.
Tali Kaufman
Tali Kaufman (Hebrew: טלי קאופמן) is an Israeli theoretical computer scientist whose research topics have included property testing, expander graphs, coding theory, and randomized algorithms with sublinear time complexity. She is a professor of computer science at Bar-Ilan University, and a fellow of the Israel Institute for Advanced Studies.

Israel Institute for Advanced Studies
The Israel Institute for Advanced Studies (Hebrew: הַמָכוֹן לְלִימוּדִים מִתְקַדְמִים; IIAS, or IAS in Israel) is a research institute in Jerusalem, devoted to academic research in physics, mathematics, the life sciences, economics, and comparative religion.  It is a self-governing body, both in its administrative function as well as its academic pursuits.  It is one of the nine members of the symposium Some Institutes for Advanced Study (SIAS).

The IIAS is located at the Edmond J. Safra Campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Givat Ram.  The Institute brings together scholars from around the world to engage in collaborative research projects for periods of four to twelve months.  Throughout over forty years of existence it has been dedicated to unrestricted academic research.