hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lower Mainland Ecoregion
The Lower Mainland Ecoregion is the biogeoclimatic region that surrounds Vancouver, British Columbia, comprising the eastern edge of the Georgia Depression and extending from  Powell River, British Columbia on the Sunshine Coast to Hope at the eastern end of the Fraser Valley. It thus corresponds, for the most part, with the popular usage of the term "Lower Mainland." The Lower Mainland Ecoregion is a part of the Pacific Maritime Ecozone.

The ecoregion is bounded by the Coast and Cascade Mountains and traversed by the Fraser River. It has a unique climate, flora and fauna, geology and land use.  The following description is adapted from Environment Canada's Ecological Framework of Canada.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
Lilov
Lilov (Bulgarian: Лилов) is a Bulgarian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Lilova. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandar Lilov (1933–2013), Bulgarian politician and philosopher

Boris Lilov, Soviet equestrian

Ivan Lilov (born 1988), Bulgarian basketball player

Ivan Lilov
Ivan Lilov (Bulgarian: Иван Лилов, 6 August 1988) is a Bulgarian professional basketball player who last played for BC Yambol of the Bulgarian League. He was also a member of the Bulgaria national basketball team.
Me and a Monkey on the Moon
Me and a Monkey on the Moon is the tenth and final album by English alternative rock band Felt, released in 1989. It was originally issued on Mike Alway's él label, part of Cherry Red. In a review for Sounds, Roy Wilkinson described it as "perhaps their finest album yet."

Sounds (magazine)
Sounds was a UK weekly pop/rock music newspaper, published from 10 October 1970 to 6 April 1991. It was known for giving away posters in the centre of the paper (initially black and white, then colour from late 1971) and later for covering heavy metal (especially the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM)), punk and Oi! music in its late 1970s–early 1980s heyday. Additionally, the magazine was responsible for coining the term "new musick", which would later become known as "post-punk".
Ling adder
In electronics, a Ling adder is a particularly fast binary adder designed using H. Ling's equations and generally implemented in BiCMOS.  Samuel Naffziger of Hewlett-Packard presented an innovative 64 bit adder in 0.5 μm CMOS based on Ling's equations at ISSCC 1996.  The Naffziger adder's delay was less than 1 nanosecond, or 7 FO4.

Nanosecond
A nanosecond (ns) is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one billionth of a second, that is, ⁠1/1000000000⁠ of a second, or 10−9 seconds.

The term combines the SI prefix nano- indicating a 1 billionth submultiple of an SI unit (e.g. nanogram, nanometre, etc.) and second, the primary unit of time in the SI.

A nanosecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 31.69 years.

A nanosecond is equal to 1000 picoseconds or ⁠1/1000⁠ microsecond.  Time units ranging between 10−8 and 10−7 seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of nanoseconds.

Time units of this granularity are commonly found in telecommunications, pulsed lasers, and related aspects of electronics.
Karlheinz Senghas
Karlheinz Senghas (7 April 1928 – 4 February 2004) was a German botanist and orchidologist. He was a curator, scientific director, and academic director of the University of Heidelberg's Botanical Garden from 1960 until his retirement in 1993. He was also president of the Deutsche Orchideen-Gesellschaft in the 1970s and was the co-publisher and editor of several volumes of Die Orchideen, a continuation of the publication begun by Rudolf Schlechter.

He described his first orchid species, Aerangis buchlohii in 1962. Over the years, he contributed more than 300 publications on orchids and established 17 new orchid genera and 388 species. Several genera and species are named in his honor, including the orchid genera Senghasia and Senghasiella and the species Coryanthes senghasiana.

He died on 4 February 2004.

Kefersteinia (plant)
Kefersteinia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has about 40-50 species, widespread across much of Latin America. The genus was named for Keferstein of Kröllwitz, an orchidologist.
7 Cephei
7 Cephei is a single star located approximately 820 light years away, in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cepheus. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.42.

This is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B7 V. It is a candidate variable star with an amplitude of 9 micromagnitudes and a period of 0.737±0.002 d. This object has 4.5 times the mass of the Sun and about three times the Sun's radius. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 236 km/s. 7 Cephei is radiating 769 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 12,560 K.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Barefoot at Dawn
Barefoot at Dawn (French: Pieds nus dans l'aube) is a Canadian drama film from Quebec, directed by Francis Leclerc and released in 2017. Written by Leclerc and Fred Pellerin as an adaptation of Félix Leclerc's semi-autobiographical novel Pieds nus dans l'aube, the film stars Justin Leyrolles-Bouchard as the young Félix Leclerc growing up in La Tuque, Quebec. Roy Dupuis and Catherine Sénart also appear as Félix's parents, Leo and Fabiola Leclerc, and Robert Lepage as his uncle Rodolphe.

The film represented Francis Leclerc's first attempt to openly address his legacy as the son of Félix Leclerc, one of Quebec's musical icons, in his own work.

The film received three Prix Iris nominations at the 20th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2018: Best Cinematography (Steve Asselin), Best Costume Design (Josée Castonguay) and Best Visual Effects.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Goodhue Lutheran Church
Goodhue Lutheran Church is a historic church located at Florence in rural Codington County, South Dakota.
The congregation was organized in 1888. The Gothic Revival church was built in 1904. It was added to the National Register in 1996. This is an active  church which is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Codington County, South Dakota
Codington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,325, making it the 7th most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Watertown. The county was created in 1877 and organized in 1878. It is named for Rev. George S. S. Codington, Dakota Territory legislator.

Codington County comprises the Watertown, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Bernard Taylor (soldier)
Sergeant Bernard "Barney" Taylor (c. 1844 – April 14, 1875) was an American soldier in the U.S. Army who served with the 5th U.S. Cavalry during the Apache Wars. He was one of three men received the Medal of Honor for gallantry, Taylor rescuing wounded commander Lieutenant Charles King, while battling the Western Apache near Sunset Pass in Arizona on November 1, 1874. He died two days after receiving the award.

Western Apache people
The Western Apache are an Indigenous people of North America, and a subgroup of Apache peoples. They live primarily in east central Arizona, in the United States and north of Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua.

Most live within reservations in Arizona. The Fort Apache Indian Reservation, San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, Yavapai-Apache Nation, Tonto Apache Reservation, and the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation are home to the majority of Western Apache and are the bases of their federally recognized tribes.

The Western Apache bands call themselves Ndee (Indé), meaning 'The People' in the Western Apache language. Because of dialectical differences, the Pinaleño/Pinal and Arivaipa/Aravaipa bands of the San Carlos Apache pronounce the word as Innee or Nnēē:.
Badampudi railway station
Badampudi railway station (station code:BPY), is an Indian Railways station in Badampudi village of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pulla village. It lies on the Vijayawada–Nidadavolu loop line of Howrah–Chennai main line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone. It halts for 10 trains every day.

Badampudi
Badampudi is a village in Unguturu mandal, located in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
Badampudi has an excellent road and rail connectivity to the all major cities of India. Badampudi has a famous Kalikrishna ashram which attracts pilgrims from all other states during winter season.

Badampudi has produced so many talents to the nation working in India and abroad at various positions. ZPH School Badampudi which is there since 1975 has produced so many Engineers, Doctors, Teachers, Army Professionals and politicians. You can see lush green paddy fields welcoming you to the village. Badampudi - BPY has its own railway station.
Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine
The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine is the organisation involved with the training, assessment, practice and continuing professional development of Intensive care medicine consultants in the United Kingdom. The current dean is Dr Danny Bryden. The Faculty is based at Churchill House, London.

The Faculty has seven parent Colleges, reflecting the multiprofessional nature of ICM.

Royal College of Anaesthetists, which acts as lead governance College of the Faculty.

Royal College of Emergency Medicine

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh

Royal College of Physicians of London

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Royal College of Surgeons of England

On 22 November 2010, Professor Julian Bion was admitted as the first Dean of the new faculty.

As of January 2015 the faculty has 1901 Fellows and Members and 129 trainees.

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter in 1681. The college has more than 14,000 fellows and members worldwide, who are entitled to use the post-nominal MRCP (Edin) or FRCP (Edin).
James Prohens
James Prohens (born in Felanitx, Spain, 1911, died in Denver, 2007), poet. James Prohens, also known as Jaume Prohens i Bordoy, lived in Denver, (Colorado) for more than 50 years, where he was the parish priest of St. Cajetan's Church. He was a member of the order Theatines (Clerics Regular) since 1927. He was ordained priest in 1937 and served as Provincial Superior of Spain from 1951 to 1954. Prohens studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University (Rome, 1931), La Plata (Argentina, 1947) and Colorado College (1955), where he earned a master's degree in English literature. He has published four books of poetry in  Catalan: Binifarda, Santueri, Horabaixa, and Veus d’intimitat. In Spanish, he published Horas. Always an advocate of tolerance and human rights, he was known for championing the rights of Hispanics and reaching out to gay people and women.

Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a private pontifical university in Rome, Italy.

The Gregorian originated as a part of the Roman College, founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. Its chairs of philosophy and theology received Papal approval in 1556, making it the first institution founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584, the Roman College was given a new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed the Gregorian University. It had distinguished scholars in ecclesiastical fields as well as in natural science and mathematics. Only the theology and philosophy departments of the Gregorian survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870.

Today the Gregorian has an international faculty and around 2750 students from over 150 countries.
Scombrops gilberti
Scombrops gilberti is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a gnomefish from the family Scombropidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean where it has been recorded off Hokkaido and south to Suruga Bay. It grows To a maximum total length of 120 centimetres (47 in). this species was first formally described as Telescopias gilberti in 1901 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan (1851–1931) and John Otterbein Snyder (1867–1943) with the type locality given as the sea between Misaki, Chiba and Oshima Island in Japan. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert (1859–1928).

Izu Ōshima
Izu Ōshima (伊豆大島, Izu-ōshima) is an inhabited volcanic island in the Izu archipelago and borders Sagami Bay and the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Honshu, Japan, 22 km (14 mi) east of the Izu Peninsula and 36 km (22 mi) southwest of Bōsō Peninsula.  As with the other islands in the Izu Island group, Izu Ōshima forms part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.  Izu Ōshima, at 91.06 km2 (35.16 sq mi) is the largest and closest of Tokyo's outlying islands, which also include the Ogasawara Islands.
Island Lake, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Island Lake is an unincorporated community in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located 18 miles north of the city of Duluth on Saint Louis County Road 4 (Rice Lake Road).

Island Lake is located within Gnesen Township and Fredenberg Township.  Boulder Lake is also in the vicinity.

Fredenberg Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota
Fredenberg Township is a township in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,337 at the 2010 census.

Lavaque Road (County Road 48) serves as a main route in the township.  Other routes include Fish Lake Road, Beaver River Road, and Taft Road.
Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai
Mir Muhammad Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai (Balochi: میر محمد عبداللہ خان احمدزئی) was the Khan of Kalat from 1716 until his death in 1731. He succeeded his brother, Mir Ahmad Khan II, after he was deemed unworthy to lead the Khanate by a Jirga of elders and nobles.

Under Mir Abdullah Khan, the state expanded from Upper Sindh and Kandahar to Persia until the port of Bandar Abbas.

Yar Muhammad Kalhoro
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro (Sindhi: يار محمد ڪلهوڙو) was the subahdar of parts of Sindh, which he governed between 1701 and 1719. He was the first governor of the Kalhora dynasty and ruled for 18 years. In the initial nine years of his reign, Yar Muhammad expanded the territory under his dominion. The latter part of his rule was dedicated to solidifying his authority. He was given the title of Nawāb by the Emperor Aurangzeb.

Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was responsible for the construction of  Jamia Mosque in Khudabad. His tomb is sited 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Khudabad.

Yar Muhammad and Deen Muhammad were sons of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro who was succeeded by his elder son,  Deen Muhammad Kalhoro, in 1692. Later, Yar Muhammad Kalhoro became chieftain of the Kalhora clan after his brother was imprisoned and killed in Multan jail by Prince Muiz-ud-Din Muhammad, the governor of Multan, in 1700. He was founder of Kalhora dynasty in Sindh.
2016 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2016 Italian Open (also known as the 2016 Rome Masters and sponsored title 2016 Internazionali BNL d'Italia) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. It was the 73rd edition of the Italian Open and is classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the 2016 ATP World Tour and a Premier 5 event on the 2016 WTA Tour. It took place from 9 to 15 May 2016.

Juan Mónaco
Juan Mónaco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxwam ˈmonako]; born 29 March 1984), nicknamed "Pico", is an Argentine former professional tennis player. He won nine singles titles, reached the semifinals of the 2010 Shanghai Masters and the 2012 Miami Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 10 in July 2012. He announced his retirement from professional tennis on 15 May 2017.
Limitations of animal running speed
Limitations of animal running speed provides an overview of how various factors determine the maximum running speed. Some terrestrial animals are built for achieving extremely high speeds, such as the cheetah, pronghorn, race horse and greyhound, while humans can train to achieve high sprint speeds. There is no single determinant of maximum running speed: however, certain factors stand out against others and have been investigated in both animals and humans. These factors include: Muscle moment arms, foot morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle fiber type. Each factor contributes to the ground reaction force (GRF) and foot contact time of which the changes to increase maximal speed are not well understood across all species.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Hüdavendigâr vilayet
The Hüdavendigâr Vilayet (Ottoman Turkish: خداوندکار ولایتی, romanized: Hüdâvendigâr Vilâyeti) or Bursa Vilayet after its administrative centre, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 26,248 square miles (67,980 km2).

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Electoral district of Darling Downs (Queensland)
Darling Downs was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland. It was named for the Darling Downs region.

The district covered rural areas in southern Queensland to the immediate west and north of Toowoomba, not including the city itself. Darling Downs included the towns of Dalby, Oakey and Crows Nest. The electorate was first created for the 2001 election.

In 2008, Darling Downs was abolished – with effect at the 2009 election – following a redistribution undertaken by the Electoral Commission of Queensland. Its former territory and voters were divided between the districts of Warrego, Nanango, Toowoomba North and a new seat called Condamine.

An earlier district based in the same region was also called Darling Downs. It existed as a single member electorate from 1873 to 1878 and as a dual member electorate from 1878 to 1888.

Crows Nest, Queensland
Crows Nest is a rural town and locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. The town is located in the Darling Downs on the New England Highway, 158 kilometres (98 mi) from the state capital, Brisbane and 43 kilometres (27 mi) from the nearby city of Toowoomba. In the 2021 census, the locality of Crows Nest had a population of 2,212 people.
1984–85 Harty Cup
The 1984–85 Harty Cup was the 65th staging of the Harty Cup since its establishment in hurling by the Munster Council of Gaelic Athletic Association in 1918. The competition contested from 6 February to 24 March 1985.

St Finbarr's College unsuccessfully defended its title in the quarter-finals against St Flannan's College.

North Monastery won the Harty Cup final, 5–06 to 1–07, on 24 March 1985 at Dr Mannix Sportsfield in Charleville, against St Flannan's College, in what was their seventh successive meeting in the final overall with a hiatus from their last meeting in 1983. It was North Monastery's 17th successive Harty Cup title overall and a first title in 1981.

St Colman's College's Gilbert Murphy was the top scorer with 6-01.

1980–81 Harty Cup
The 1980–81 Harty Cup was the 61st staging of the Harty Cup since its establishment in hurling by the Munster Council of Gaelic Athletic Association in 1918. The competition contested from 8 October 1980 to 5 April 1981.

North Monastery unsuccessfully defended its title.

North Monastery won the Harty Cup final, 2–06 to 1–07, on 5 April 1981 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, against Coláiste Chríost Rí, in what was their first ever meeting in the final, for their 16th successive Harty Cup title overall and a second consecutive title.

St Colman's College's Christy Clancy was the top scorer with 4–15.
John Caulfeild
Colonel John Caulfeild (1661–1707), styled The Honourable from birth, was an Irish soldier and politician.

He was the fourth son of the 1st Viscount Charlemont and his wife Hon. Sarah Moore, second daughter of Charles Moore, 2nd Viscount Moore of Drogheda. Caulfield was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and was appointed Burgess of Charlemont in 1697. From 1703 to 1707, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Charlemont.

Caulfeild was married to Sydney Somerville, daughter of James Somerville. They had a son and a daughter.

Charles Moore, 2nd Viscount Moore of Drogheda
Charles Moore, 2nd Viscount Moore of Drogheda (1603-1643) was an Irish aristocrat noted for his leadership of Irish Royalist forces in northern Leinster during the early stages of the Irish Confederate Wars.