hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Camille DeGrâce
Jean-Camille DeGrâce (July 3, 1941 – June 2, 2023) was a Canadian educator and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1995 to 1999 as a Liberal member.

DeGrâce was born in Shippagan, New Brunswick, the son of Felix DeGrâce and Pauline Chiasson. DeGrâce was educated at the University of Moncton. He was a teacher and principal. DeGrâce also served as mayor of Shippagan. He was Minister of State for Tourism and Culture from 1998 to 1999. DeGrâce was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1999.

DeGrâce died on June 2, 2023, at the age of 81.

Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (French: Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the deliberative assembly of the New Brunswick Legislature, in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The assembly's seat is located in Fredericton. It was established in Saint John de jure when the colony was created in 1784 but came into session only in 1786, following the first elections in late 1785. The legislative assembly was originally the lower house in a bicameral legislature. Its upper house counterpart, the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, was abolished in 1891.  Its members are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly", commonly referred to as "MLAs".
2002 Amber Valley Borough Council election
Elections to Amber Valley Borough Council were held on 2 May 2002.  One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party held overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 26

Labour 19

Amber Valley
Amber Valley is a local government district with borough status in the east of Derbyshire, England, taking its name from the River Amber. Its council is based in Ripley. The district covers a semi-rural area lying to the north of the city of Derby. The district contains four main towns whose economy was based on coal mining and remains to some extent influenced by engineering, distribution and manufacturing, holding for instance the headquarters and production site of Thorntons confectionery.

The House of Commons constituency of Amber Valley is of smaller scope.

The village of Crich and other parts of the district were the setting for ITV drama series Peak Practice.
Mike Bytzura
Michael John Bytzura (June 18, 1922 – January 24, 1989) was an American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball League and the Basketball Association of America, later known as the NBA. He played in college for Waynesburg University and Long Island University.

Long Island University
Long Island University (LIU) is a private research university  in Brooklyn and Brookville, New York, United States. LIU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity" according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.  The university enrolls over 16,000 students and offers over 500 academic programs at its main campuses, LIU Brooklyn and LIU Post on Long Island, in addition to non-residential locations and online. The LIU Sharks athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as a Northeast Conference member. LIU hosts and sponsors the annual George Polk Awards in journalism.
Muratlı–Tekirdağ railway
The Muratlı-Tekirdağ railway (Turkish: Muratlı-Tekirdağ demiryolu) is a 31 km (19 mi) long electrified, double-track railway in East Thrace, Turkey. The railway connects the Istanbul-Pythio railway in Muratlı to the port city of Tekirdağ on the Sea of Marmara.

Construction of the railway began in 2007 and it was opened on 31 August 2010 by then-Minister of Transportation Binali Yıldırım as a single-track non-electrified railway. The route was later double-tracked and electrified in 2013.

Although passenger service was operated for a short period between 2010 and 2012, the route is primarily a freight railway - connecting the Port of Tekirdağ to the national railway network.

Muratlı
Muratlı is a municipality and district of Tekirdağ Province, Turkey. Its area is 388 km2, and its population is 30,067 (2022). It is located at 24 km north of the town of Tekirdağ and on the railway line from Istanbul to the Bulgarian border. The district has hot summers and cold winters. The mayor is Varol Türel (CHP).
Zelda La Grange
Zelda la Grange (born 29 October 1970) is a former private secretary to Nelson Mandela. La Grange was born in Boksburg, South Africa. She completed a 3-year National Diploma at the Tshwane University of Technology. From 1994 until 1996, she served as a typist for Mary Mxadana, private secretary to Nelson Mandela, the newly elected post-apartheid President of South Africa. In 1996, she was promoted to assistant private secretary, and in 1999 she was again promoted to Private Secretary to the Office of the President. She was a founding staff member of the Nelson Mandela Foundation which served as post-Presidential office for Nelson Mandela.

Boksburg
Boksburg is a city on the East Rand of Gauteng province of South Africa. Gold was discovered in Boksburg in 1887. Boksburg was named after the State Secretary of the South African Republic, W. Eduard Bok. The Main Reef Road linked Boksburg to all the other major mining towns on the Witwatersrand and the Angelo Hotel (1887) was used as a staging post.

Boksburg has been part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since 5 December 2000, which forms the local government of most of the East Rand.

The Mining Commissioner Montague White built a large dam which, empty for years, was dubbed White's Folly until a flash flood in 1889 silenced detractors. The 150,000-square-metre dam is now the Boksburg Lake, and is surrounded by lawns, trees, and terraces.
Einat Ramon
Einat Ramon (Hebrew: עינת רמון; born 1959) was the first Israeli-born woman to be ordained as a rabbi. She was also the first woman and the first sabra to head a Conservative rabbinical school, specifically the Schechter Rabbinical Seminary in Jerusalem, where she was dean from 2005 to 2009. Since 2011 she no longer identifies as a rabbi, heads the Marpeh training program for spiritual caregivers in Jerusalem, and teaches modern Jewish thought and Jewish feminism at the Schechter Institute.

Sabra (person)
In Modern Hebrew, the terms tzabar (SING; צַבָּר) and its plural tzabarim (PLUR; צַבָּרִים) refer to Jews born in the Land of Israel or the State of Israel. The word is derived from the Hebrew name for the prickly pear cactus, commonly transliterated into English as sabra. The usage of the term became widespread during the 1930s, when it was employed to denote a Jew whose birthplace was within the Land of Israel—corresponding to Ottoman Syria until 1918 (cf. Old Yishuv) and Mandatory Palestine until 1948 (cf. New Yishuv). The term may have been in use earlier.

The designation sabra is associated with the imagery of the cactus, a plant characterized by its thorny exterior and soft interior. This metaphor has been used to describe Israeli-born Jews as outwardly tough but inwardly gentle.

By 2010, more than 70% of Israeli Jews were sabras. This proportion rose to 75% in 2015 and 80% in 2024.
Djedkheperew
Djedkheperew (also known as Djedkheperu) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty reigning for an estimated two-year period, from c. 1772 BC until 1770 BC. According to Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Djedkheperew was the 17th king of this dynasty. Djedkheperew is this pharaoh's Horus name; the prenomen and nomen of Djedkheperew, which would normally be employed by modern conventions to name a pharaoh, are unknown.

Kim Ryholt
Kim Steven Bardrum Ryholt (born 19 June 1970) is a Danish Egyptologist. He is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen and a specialist on Egyptian history and literature. He is director of the research center Canon and Identity Formation in the Earliest Literate Societies under the University of Copenhagen Programme of Excellence (since 2008) and director of The Papyrus Carlsberg Collection & Project (since 1999).
Opinion polling for the 2022 Philippine Senate election
This article covers opinion polling for the 2022 Philippine Senate election.

Opinion polling in Philippines is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia, OCTA Research, and other pollsters.

Those who win outright are in bold. Those that are within the margin of error are in italics.

Social Weather Stations
Social Weather Stations, abbreviated as SWS, is a private, non-stock, nonprofit social research institution in the Philippines founded on August 8, 1985. It is the foremost public-opinion polling body in the Philippines.
Blastobasis adustella
Blastobasis adustella is a species of moth of the family Blastobasidae. It is endemic to Australian region, but was introduced in western Europe and is now reported from The Netherlands, Great Britain, Ireland, Madeira and the Azores

Blastobasidae
The Blastobasidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. Its species can be found almost anywhere in the world, though in some places they are not native but introduced by humans. In some arrangements, these moths are included in the case-bearer family (Coleophoridae) as subfamily Blastobasinae. The Symmocidae are sometimes included in the Blastobasidae (particularly if both are included in Coleophoridae) as subfamily or tribe.

In addition, the group around Holcocera is often separated as subfamily Holcocerinae (or tribe Holcocerini) from the Blastobasis lineage (which correspondingly become a subfamily, or a tribe Blastobasini). While this seems far more reasonable than some of the more extreme arrangements sometimes seen in Gelechioidea taxonomy and systematics, the relationships among Blastobasidae genera are not yet sufficiently studied to allow a well-supported subdivision of this family.
Xochipala
Xochipala is a minor archaeological site in the Mexican state of Guerrero, whose name has become attached, somewhat erroneously, to a style of Formative Period figurines and pottery from 1500 to 200 BCE. The archaeological site is much later and belongs to the Classic and Postclassic eras, approximately 200–1400 CE.

David Grove
David C. Grove (October 17, 1935 – May 24, 2023) was an American anthropologist, archaeologist and academic, known for his contributions and research into the Preclassic (or Formative) period cultures of Mesoamerica, in particular those of the Mexican altiplano and Gulf Coast regions. A lecturer and professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) for some thirty years, Grove retained a position as Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at UIUC and was also designated a Courtesy Professor of Anthropology at the University of Florida.
Red Moon and Black Mountain
Red Moon and Black Mountain: the End of the House of Kendreth is a fantasy novel by Joy Chant, the first of three set in her world of Vandarei. It was first published in the UK in hardback by George Allen & Unwin, London, in 1970. The first paperback edition was issued by Ballantine Books as the thirty-eighth volume of the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in March, 1971. The Ballantine edition, which was also the first American edition, includes an introduction by Lin Carter and a cover illustrations by Bob Pepper. US hardback editions followed from the Science Fiction Book Club and Dutton (1976). The book was reprinted frequently by various publishers in both countries through 1983, but has since gone out of print. It has also been translated into German and Swedish.

Bookspan
Bookspan LLC is a New York–based online bookseller, founded in 2000.

Bookspan began as a joint endeavor by Bertelsmann and Time Warner. Bertelsmann took over control in 2007, and a year later, sold its interest to Najafi Companies, an Arizona investment firm. Najafi held its ownership in a subsidiary named Direct Brands, which also held Najafi's ownership in the Columbia House record club. In 2013, Najafi sold its interest in Direct Brands to Pride Tree Holdings, a New York–based media and consumer technology holding company founded in 2012 and incorporated in Delaware.
Upper Laos campaign
The Upper Laos campaign (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Thượng Lào) was a military campaign of the People's Army of Vietnam military campaign aimed at spreading Vietnamese communist influence to Laos in support of the Pathet Lao. While their advance on Luang Prabang ultimately failed, they managed to occupy parts of Phongsaly (see Battle of Muong Khoua), Sam Neua, Xieng Khouang and Luang Prabang Provinces. Furthermore, Souphanouvong established his Laotian Resistance Government in Sam Neua.

Houaphanh province
Houaphanh province (Lao: ຫົວພັນ, pronounced [hǔa.pʰán], Romanization of Lao: Houaphan also Huaphan) is a province in eastern Laos. Its capital is Xam Neua. Houaphanh province covers an area of 16,500 square kilometres (6,400 sq mi). It is bordered by Vietnam to the north, east, and southeast, Xiangkhouang province to the south and southwest, and Luang Prabang province to the west.
Lloyd Holt
Lloyd Holt (December 31, 1937 – June 4, 2022) was a pioneering driver of dirt modified stock cars on the Niagara Frontier.  In 1970, he became the inaugural track champion at the Rolling Wheels Raceway in Elbridge, New York.

Modified racing
Modified stock car racing, also known as modified racing and modified, is a type of auto racing that involves purpose-built cars simultaneously racing against each other on oval tracks. First established in the United States after World War II, this type of racing was early-on characterized by its participants' modification of passenger cars in pursuit of higher speeds, hence the name.

There are many sanctioning bodies for modifieds, each specifying different body styles and engine sizes.
2021 Orlando Open II – Doubles
Mitchell Krueger and Jack Sock were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Christian Harrison and Peter Polansky won the title after defeating JC Aragone and Nicolás Barrientos 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Peter Polansky
Peter Polansky (/pəˈlænski/ pə-LAN-skee; born June 15, 1988) is a Canadian former professional tennis player of Czech origin. He was Canada's top singles player from June 21, 2010, until January 17, 2011, in the ATP rankings. He was also Canada's No. 2 from August 4, 2008, until June 21, 2010, with the exception of one week. In 2018, he became the first player in the Open Era to qualify for all four Grand Slam tournaments as a lucky loser within the same calendar year.
2025 Turkish Women's Cup squads
This article lists the squads for the 2025 Turkish Women's Cup, the 9th edition of the Turkish Women's Cup. The cup consists of a series of friendly games, and is held in Turkey from 20 to 26 February 2025. The three national teams involved in the tournament registered a squad of 23 players.

The age listed for each player is on 20 February 2025, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament. The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match prior to the tournament. The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated. A flag is included for coaches that are of a different nationality than their own national team.

2025 Turkish Women's Cup
The 2025 Turkish Women's Cup was the ninth edition of the Turkish Women's Cup, the annual women's football tournament held in Alanya, Turkey for the women's national association football teams. The tournament took place from 20 to 26 February 2025.
Bifilar sundial
A bifilar dial is a type of sundial invented by the German mathematician Hugo Michnik in 1922. It has two non-touching threads parallel to the dial.  Usually the second thread is orthogonal-(perpendicular) to the first.

The intersection of the two threads' shadows gives the local apparent time.

When the threads have the correctly calculated separation, the hour-lines on the horizontal surface are uniformly drawn. The angle between successive hour-lines is constant. The hour-lines for successive hours are 15 degrees apart.

Hour angle
In astronomy and celestial navigation, the hour angle is the dihedral angle between the meridian plane (containing Earth's axis and the zenith) and the hour circle (containing Earth's axis and a given point of interest).

It may be given in degrees, time, or rotations depending on the application.
The angle may be expressed as negative east of the meridian plane and positive west of the meridian plane, or as positive westward from 0° to 360°. The angle may be measured in degrees or in time, with 24h = 360° exactly.
In celestial navigation, the convention is to measure in degrees westward from the prime meridian (Greenwich hour angle, GHA), from the local meridian (local hour angle, LHA) or from the first point of Aries (sidereal hour angle, SHA).

The hour angle is paired with the declination to fully specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system.
Numerically controlled oscillator
A numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is a digital signal generator which creates a synchronous (i.e., clocked), discrete-time, discrete-valued representation of a waveform, usually sinusoidal. NCOs are often used in conjunction with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) at the output to create a direct digital synthesizer (DDS).

Numerically controlled oscillators offer several advantages over other types of oscillators in terms of agility, accuracy, stability and reliability. NCOs are used in many communications systems including digital up/down converters used in 3G wireless and software radio systems, digital phase-locked loops, radar systems, drivers for optical or acoustic transmissions, and multilevel FSK/PSK modulators/demodulators.

Frequency-shift keying
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of the carrier between several discrete frequencies.  The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers,  and low frequency radio transmission in the VLF and ELF bands.  The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK, which is also commonly referred to as 2FSK or 2-FSK), in which the carrier is shifted between two discrete frequencies to transmit binary (0s and 1s) information.
Isla De La Juventud tree hutia
The Isla De La Juventud tree hutia or southern hutia (Mysateles prehensilis meridionalis) is a subspecies of rodent in the subfamily Capromyinae. It is endemic to lowland moist forests on Isla de la Juventud in Cuba.  It is threatened by habitat loss and is considered Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List.

It was formerly considered its own species, but phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is a subspecies of the prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis).

Cuban moist forests
The Cuban moist forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that occupies 21,400 km2 (8,300 sq mi; 5,300,000 acres) on Cuba and Isla de la Juventud. The ecoregion receives more than 2,000 mm (79 in) of rainfall annually, and does not have a dry season. Soils are usually derived from quartz, limestone, or serpentinites. Cuban moist forests can be differentiated into lowland forests (sea level to 400 m or 1,300 ft), sub-montane forests (400–800 m or 1,300–2,600 ft), and montane forests (800–1,900 m or 2,600–6,200 ft).
Giovanni Bardis
Battista Giovanni Bardis (born 21 May 1987) is a French weightlifter, born in Paris. His personal best is 335 kg.

At the 2007 World Weightlifting Championships he ranked 26th in the 77 kg category, with a total of 325 kg.

At the 2008 European Weightlifting Championships he ranked fifth in the 77 kg category, with a total of 335 kg.

He competed in Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the 77 kg division finishing fourteenth with 329 kg.

He is 177 centimetres (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 80 kilograms (180 lb).

Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 77 kg
The men's 77 kilograms weightlifting event was the fourth lightest men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 77 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 13, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 10:00, and Group A at 19:00. This event was the ninth weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.
Ludwig Hahn
Ludwig Hermann Karl Hahn (23 January 1908 – 10 November 1986) was a German SS-Standartenführer, Nazi official. He held numerous positions with the German police and security services (RSHA) over the course of his career with the Schutzstaffel (SS).

As a senior officer of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) and Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service; SD) in occupied-Poland, Hahn was directly involved in the liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto (July–September 1942) and the brutal suppression of both the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (April–May 1943) and the Warsaw Uprising (August–October 1944).

During postwar investigations against him, Hahn was imprisoned from July 1960 to July 1961 and December 1965 to December 1967. Between 1972 and 1975, Hahn was the subject of two separate war crimes prosecutions in Hamburg, West Germany; both related to atrocities that occurred during his service with the SS in Warsaw. He was ultimately convicted and imprisoned from 1975 to 1983.

Lüneburg
Lüneburg, officially the Hanseatic City of Lüneburg and also known in English as Lunenburg, is a town in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located about 50 km (31 mi) southeast of another Hanseatic city, Hamburg, and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. The capital of the district which bears its name, it is home to roughly 77,000 people. Lüneburg's urban area, which includes the surrounding communities of Adendorf, Bardowick, Barendorf and Reppenstedt, has a population of around 103,000. Lüneburg has been allowed to use the title Hansestadt ('Hanseatic Town') in its name since 2007, in recognition of its membership in the former Hanseatic League. Lüneburg is also home to Leuphana University.
LSDA Northern Ireland
LSDA Northern Ireland (LSDA NI) was part of the Learning and Skills Network (LSN), with a role to support all forms of post-16 education and training in Northern Ireland.

LSDA Northern Ireland operated from an office in Alfred House, Alfred Street, Belfast. It supported Further Education Colleges, Training providers and Community Providers who offered government funded training and vocational education courses in Northern Ireland.

Quality Improvement Agency
The Quality Improvement Agency (QIA) was a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government whose remit was to support those institutions that provide education, but which are not schools or universities. This covers a broad range of institutions, ranging from further education colleges, prison education to workplace training and various other types of education and training.

The QIA was created in March 2006 from the Learning and Skills Development Agency (LSDA). The majority of the assets and liabilities of the Quality Improvement Agency were transferred to the Learning and Skills Improvement Service, a new not for profit, sector owned improvement body for the Further Education sector on 1 October 2008.