hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mixed mating systems
A mixed mating system (in plants), also known as “variable inbreeding” is a characteristic of many hermaphroditic seed plants, where more than one means of mating is used. Mixed mating usually refers to the production of a mixture of self-fertilized (selfed) and outbred (outcrossed) seeds. Plant mating systems influence the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations, by affecting the propensity of individuals to self-fertilize or cross-fertilize (or reproduce asexually).  Mixed mating systems are generally characterized by the frequency of selfing vs. outcrossing, but may include the production of asexual seeds through agamospermy.  The trade offs for each strategy depend on ecological conditions, pollinator abundance and herbivory and parasite load.  Mating systems are not permanent within species; they can vary with environmental factors, and through domestication when plants are bred for commercial agriculture.

Autogamy
Autogamy or self-fertilization refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants. However, species of protists have also been observed using autogamy as a means of reproduction. Flowering plants engage in autogamy regularly, while the protists that engage in autogamy only do so in stressful environments.
Herman Marquis
Herman Marquis is a Jamaican saxophone musician who has played with many reggae artists including Burning Spear. He recorded for Arthur "Duke" Reid in the 1960s and was a member of The Revolutionaries and The Upsetters in the 1970s. He was much in demand as a session player throughout the 1970s and 1980s, playing with some of Jamaica's top stars including Gregory Isaacs, Dennis Brown, Bunny Wailer, and Justin Hinds.

In 1978, Marquis made a brief cameo in the film Rockers directed by Ted Bafaloukos. He was also part of the Rockers All Stars, the group responsible for the film's instrumental music.

He continued through to the mid 1980s and worked with Burning Spear and Ernest Ranglin.

The Upsetters
The Upsetters were the house band for Jamaican reggae producer Lee "Scratch" Perry. The name of the band comes from Perry's nickname of Upsetter, after his song "I Am the Upsetter", a musical dismissal of his former boss Coxsone Dodd.
Little Company of Mary
The Little Company of Mary, also known as the Blue Sisters, is a Catholic religious institute of women dedicated to caring for the suffering, the sick, and the dying. The order was founded in 1877 in Nottingham, England by Mary Potter.

Religious institute
In the Catholic Church, a religious institute is "a society in which members, according to proper law, pronounce public vows, either perpetual or temporary which are to be renewed, however, when the period of time has elapsed, and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common."

A religious institute is one of the two types of institutes of consecrated life; the other is the secular institute, where its members are "living in the world". Religious institutes come under the jurisdiction of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life.
Sticta rhizinata
Sticta rhizinata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described by Bibiana Moncada and Robert Lücking in 2012. It is a member of the Sticta weigelii species complex. The type specimen was collected in Chingaza National Natural Park (Cundinamarca) at an altitude of 3,430 m (11,250 ft). The lichen is only known to occur in the Andes of Colombia at altitudes between 2,300 and 3,720 m (7,550 and 12,200 ft). Here it grows on the ground, often associated with bryophytes of the genera Plagiochila, Frullania, Metzgeria, Campylopus, and Dicranum. Frequent lichen associates include Everniastrum, Hypotrachyna, and Peltigera. The specific epithet rhizinata refers to its conspicuous rhizines.

Plagiochila
Plagiochila is a large, common, and widespread genus of liverworts in the order Jungermanniales. It is a member of the family Plagiochilaceae within that order. There may be anywhere from 500 to 1,300 species, most of them from the tropics; the exact number is still under revision.
Florida's 14th Senate district
Florida's 14th Senate district elects one member to the Florida State Senate. Since 2022, it contains parts of Hillsborough County.

Until 2022, it contained parts of Brevard County and Volusia County.

Brevard County, Florida
Brevard County (/brəˈvɑːrd/ brə-VARD) is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. It is on the Atlantic coast of eastern Central Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 606,612, making it the 10th-most populated county in Florida. The official county seat is located in Titusville. A secondary center of county administration, including a circuit courthouse, was built in 1989 in the planned community of Viera, Florida, the geographic center of the county.
Luko Paljetak
Luko Paljetak (19 August 1943 – 12 May 2024) was a Croatian poet, writer, literary translator, literary historian, theatre critic, puppet theatre director, known for his work about Dubrovnik, ludist poetry and literary translations from various European languages. He was both member of the Croatian and Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts as well as Academie Européene L. da Vinci. He published more than 150 books, mostly poetry (around 40 books) and children's literature (poetry, plays), but also two novels, several radio plays, feuilletons, essays and theatrical reviews.

He was nominated for Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1997 and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in 2016. He was included in IBBY's Honour List in 2002.

Feuilleton
A feuilleton (French pronunciation: [fœjtɔ̃]; a diminutive of French: feuillet, the leaf of a book) was originally a kind of supplement attached to the political portion of French newspapers, consisting chiefly of non-political news and gossip, literature and art criticism, a chronicle of the latest fashions, and epigrams, charades, and other literary trifles.

The term feuilleton was invented in 1800 for the publishing format by the editors of the French Journal des débats, Julien Louis Geoffroy and Bertin the Elder. Early on, the feuilleton was described as a "talk of the town". A contemporary English-language example of the format is the section of The New Yorker that is entitled, "Talk of the Town". However, in English newspapers, the term instead came to refer to an installment of a serial story that is printed in one part of a newspaper.
Vilsmeier reagent
The Vilsmeier reagent is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)2NCHCl]Cl.  It is a salt consisting of the N,N-dimethyl­iminium cation ([(CH3)2N=CHCl]+) and chloride anion. Depending on the particular reaction, the anion can vary.  In typical POCl3-based reactions, the anion is PO2Cl2−. The iminium cation [(CH3)2N=CHCl]+ is the reactive component of interest.  This iminium species is a derivative of the imidoyl chloride CH3N=CHCl. Analogues of this particular reagent are generated when tertiary amides other than DMF are treated with POCl3.

The salt is a white solid that is soluble in polar organic solvents.  Vilsmeier reagent is the active intermediate in the formylation reactions, the Vilsmeier reaction or Vilsmeier-Haack reaction that use mixtures of dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride to generate the Vilsmeier reagent, which in turn is attacked by a nucleophilic substrate and eventually hydrolyzes to give formyl.  It is a source of "O=CH+".

Imidoyl chloride
Imidoyl chlorides are organic compounds that contain the functional group RC(NR')Cl.  A double bond exist between the R'N and the carbon centre.  These compounds are analogues of acyl chloride. Imidoyl chlorides tend to be highly reactive and are more commonly found as intermediates in a wide variety of synthetic procedures. Such procedures include Gattermann aldehyde synthesis, Houben-Hoesch ketone synthesis, and the Beckmann rearrangement. Their chemistry is related to that of enamines and their tautomers when the α hydrogen is next to the C=N bond.  Many chlorinated N-heterocycles are formally imidoyl chlorides, e.g. 2-chloropyridine, 2, 4, and 6-chloropyrimidines.
The Valley of Lost Hope
The Valley of Lost Hope is a lost 1915 American silent Western drama film directed by and starring Romaine Fielding. Produced by Lubin Manufacturing Company and written by Shannon Fife, the film portrayed the rise and destruction of a gold-mining "boomtown" created by a phony real-estate business. Other cast members included Peter Lang, Mildred Gregory, and B. K. Roberts in principal roles. The production was filmed on location in Philipsburg in central Pennsylvania and at Lubin's backlot and studio facilities in Betzwood, located approximately 20 miles northwest of Philadelphia.

The Library of Congress includes the film among the National Film Preservation Board's updated 2019 list of "7,200 Lost U.S. Silent Feature Films" produced between 1912 and 1929.

Vitagraph Studios
Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907, it was the most prolific American film production company, producing many famous silent films. It was bought by Warner Bros. in 1925.
Loricaria lata
Loricaria lata is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. This catfish is endemic to Brazil, it was first formally described in 1889 by Carl H. Eigenmann and Rosa Smith Eigenmann with its type locality being the Araguaia River in Goiás but in the late 20th Century this species was collected from a number of locations in the basin of the Tocantins River. L. lata attains a maximum published standard length of 27 cm (11 in). Species in the genus Loricaria are known to be favultative air breathers.

Rosa Smith Eigenmann
Rosa Smith Eigenmann (October 7, 1858 – January 12, 1947) was an American ichthyologist (the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish), as well as a writer, editor, former curator at the California Academy of Sciences, and the first librarian of the San Diego Society of Natural History. She "is considered the first woman ichthyologist in the United States." Eigenmann was also the first woman to become president of Indiana University's chapter of Sigma Xi, an honorary science society. She authored twelve published papers of her own between 1880 and 1893, and collaborated with her husband, Carl H. Eigenmann, as "Eigenmann & Eigenmann" on twenty-five additional works between 1888 and 1893. Together, they are credited with describing about 150 species of fishes.
Organotin chemistry
Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide ((CH3CH2)2SnI2), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory.

Edward Frankland
Sir Edward Frankland, KCB, FRS, FRSE (18 January 1825 – 9 August 1899) was an English chemist. He was one of the originators of organometallic chemistry and introduced the concept of combining power or valence.

An expert in water quality and analysis, he was a member of the second royal commission on the pollution of rivers, and studied London's water quality for decades. He established the then revolutionary possibility of biological treatment of sewage using a contact bed to oxidize the waste. This concept was taken up by the chief chemist for the London Metropolitan Board of Works, William Dibdin, in 1887.

He also studied luminous flames and the effects of atmospheric pressure on dense ignited gas, and was one of the discoverers of helium.
Russell King (politician)
Russell Hugh Tennant "Russ" King (born April 29, 1940) is a physician and former political figure in New Brunswick, Canada.

King represented Fredericton South from 1987 to 1998 as a Liberal member.

He was born in St. Stephen, New Brunswick, the son of John C. King. He was educated at Mount Allison University and Dalhousie University Medical School. He served as Minister of Advanced Education and Training from 1987 to 1991 and Minister of Health and Community Services from 1991 to 1998. King resigned his seat and cabinet post in 1998 to return to his medical practice in Fredericton.

Fredericton South (electoral district)
Fredericton South (French: Fredericton-Sud) was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  It was first contested in the 2014 general election, having been created in the 2013 redistribution of electoral boundaries by combining portions of the former districts of Fredericton-Lincoln and Fredericton-Silverwood.

The district included the downtown and uptown areas of the southside of the City of Fredericton, including Fredericton City Hall, the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, the University of New Brunswick and Saint Thomas University.

Green Party leader David Coon was elected MLA in 2014 and re-elected in 2018 and 2020.
Ivan Starkov
Ivan Yevgenyevich Starkov (Russian: Иван Евгеньевич Старков; born 10 January 1986) is a Russian football manager and a former player.

Outside his hometown of Barnaul, where is part of FC Dynamo Barnaul's hall of fame, he is best known for his time with Lokomotiv Moscow and Amkar Perm. A left-footed player, he usually appeared on the left side of the pitch, either as a winger or as a wing-back.

FC Amkar Perm
FC Amkar Perm (Russian: Футбо́льный клуб "Амка́р" Пермь [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklup ɐmˈkar ˈpʲermʲ]) is a professional football club. Originally founded in 1994, it is based in the city of Perm. It was a participant in second-tier football from 1995 and in the Russian Premier League from 2004 to 2018, after which it was dissolved. Amkar's home stadium was the Zvezda Stadium.

In August 2020, it was re-established by the Government of the Perm Krai as an amateur club, and became professional the following year.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD66
In molecular biology, SNORD66 (also known as HBII-142)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

HBII-142 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

HBII-142 is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-142 snoRNA and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue C1272.

An experiment that looked at 22 different non-small-cell lung cancer tissues found that SNORD33, SNORD66 and SNORD76 were over-expressed relative to matched noncancerous lung tissues.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Australian Army Band Kapooka
The Australian Army Band Kapooka (AAB-K) is a full time military band in the Australian Army. Being a band, it is a sub-unit of the Australian Army Band , the army's official music branch. It is one of eleven military bands of the army and as the official band of the 1st Recruit Training battalion (1RTB). It performs regularly in its area of operations including Kapooka, Riverina, and Wagga Wagga. The current director of music is Major Michael De Jonge.

In 1952, the Army Recruit Training Centre began to be been served by a full time military brass band with a composition of 12 members. It would later be known as the Royal Australian Engineers Band, the Royal Australian Corps of Signals Band and the 1st Recruit Training Battalion Band before being given its current name.

Kapooka, New South Wales
Kapooka ('place of winds' in Wiradjuri) a suburb in the south-west of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.

Kapooka is home to the Department of Defence's Blamey Barracks from where the Army Recruit Training Centre conducts its operations.

It is located on the Olympic Highway, between Wagga Wagga and Uranquinty.
Mind Mera Mind
Mind Mera Mind is an Indian film depicting how the LGBTQ+ community deal with mental health issues in India. Written and directed by Harsh Agarwal, the film was launched on World Mental health Day. The film uses caricatures of various mental health issues and personifies them and shows how they engage with Prateek (protagonist) that is played by Raghav Sharma. Mind Mera Mind partnered with Grindr for reaching out to the gay and bisexual community in the country. Agarwal's other work include his book Nazaqat.

World Mental Health Day
World Mental Health Day (10 October) is an international day for global mental health education, awareness and advocacy against social stigma. It was first celebrated in 1992 at the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health, a global mental health organization with members and contacts in more than 150 countries. On this day, thousands of supporters come to celebrate this annual awareness program to bring attention to mental illness and its major effects on people's lives worldwide. In addition, this day provides an opportunity for mental health professionals to discuss and shed light on their work, making mental health a priority worldwide. In some countries this day is part of an awareness week, such as Mental Health Week in Australia.
Riocentro
22°58′45″S 43°24′48″W﻿ / ﻿22.97917°S 43.41333°W﻿ / -22.97917; -43.41333
Riocentro is an exhibition and convention center located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Built in 1977, it is the largest exhibition center in Latin America.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
1994 Norwich City Council election
The 1994 Norwich City Council election took place on 5 May 1994 to elect members of Norwich City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. 16 of 48 seats (one-third) were up for election, with one additional seat up due to a by-election in Lakenham ward.

Norwich City Council
Norwich City Council is the local authority for Norwich, a non-metropolitan district with city status in Norfolk, England. It consists of 39 councillors, elected to represent 13 wards, each with three councillors. It forms the lower tier of local government in Norwich, responsible for local services such as housing, planning, leisure and tourism.
Motorola i870
The Motorola i870 is a clam-style cellular telephone designed for use with iDEN Networks. It was released for SouthernLINC networks in mid-October 2005, and for Nextel on October 31, 2005 as a replacement for the i860. A variation of this phone, the i875, was released for Boost Mobile as a replacement for the i860 Tattoo.

Southern Linc
Southern Communications Services, Inc. (d/b/a as Southern Linc, and formerly as SouthernLINC Wireless) is a regional LTE carrier providing coverage in areas of the southeast United States including Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia.

The company has been recognized for its robust performance during severe weather including Hurricane Katrina, wherein SouthernLINC had recovered to 100% system availability within 72 hours of landfall.
2008 Kangaroo Cup – Doubles
Ayumi Morita and Ai Sugiyama were the defending champions, but neither player chose to compete that year.

Kimiko Date-Krumm and Kurumi Nara won the title, defeating Melanie South and Nicole Thijssen 6–1, 6–7(8–10), [10–7] in the final.

Nicole Thyssen
Nicole Thyssen (Dutch: Thijssen; born 5 June 1988) is a Dutch retired tennis player.

In her career, Thyssen won five singles titles and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. She reached her best singles ranking of world No. 219 in September 2008. Her career-high ranking in doubles is 153, reached in October 2008.

Thyssen made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2008 Rosmalen Open, in the doubles event partnering Arantxa Rus.
Riley Edward Robinson
Riley Edward Robinson (November 4, 1847 – February 1921) was a carpenter, minister in the Episcopal Church, councilman, custom house inspector, and state legislator in Florida. He served on the city council in Fernandina, Florida from 1875 to 1879 and from 1883 to 1890, as well as from 1892 to 1894. He represented Nassau County in the Florida House of Representatives in 1883 and 1885.

He was born in Tennessee in 1847. He was described as having been enslaved and categorized as "mulatto". He moved to Alachua County, Florida in 1858 and lived there until after the American Civil War when he moved to Duval County, Florida and apprenticed as a carpenter. He moved to Nassau County in 1870.

He belonged to the mason fraternal order. He was a leader in Nassau County's Republican Party. He was listed as a state legislator as R. E. Robinson. He served as postmaster of the Kings Ferry post office in Nassau County.

The Christian Advocate noted his assigned area.

Fernandina Beach, Florida
Fernandina Beach is a city in and the county seat of Nassau County, Florida, United States, in the state's northeastern corner. It is the northernmost city on Florida's Atlantic coast, situated on Amelia Island, and is one of the municipalities comprising Greater Jacksonville (formally the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area).

As of the 2020 census, Fernandina Beach had a population of 13,052.