hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Copper indium gallium selenide
Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (often abbreviated "CIS") and copper gallium selenide. It has a chemical formula of CuIn1−xGaxSe2, where the value of x can vary from 0 (pure copper indium selenide) to 1 (pure copper gallium selenide). CIGS is a tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor, with the chalcopyrite crystal structure, and a bandgap varying continuously with x from about 1.0 eV (for copper indium selenide) to about 1.7 eV (for copper gallium selenide).

Group 6 element
Group 6, numbered by IUPAC style, is a group of elements in the periodic table. Its members are chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and seaborgium (Sg). These are all transition metals and chromium, molybdenum and tungsten are refractory metals.

The electron configuration of these elements do not follow a unified trend, though the outermost shells do correlate with trends in chemical behavior:

"Group 6" is the new IUPAC name for this group; the old style name was "group VIB" in the old US system (CAS) or "group VIA" in the European system (old IUPAC). Group 6 must not be confused with the group with the old-style group crossed names of either VIA (US system, CAS) or VIB (European system, old IUPAC). That group is now called group 16.
Enders State Forest
Enders State Forest is a Connecticut state forest located in the towns of Granby and Barkhamsted. The forest was established in 1970 with a 1,500-acre (610 ha) parcel of woodlands donated to the state by the children of John and Harriet Enders. A further family donation of land was made in 1981, and the state made a purchase of additional property in 2002.

Barkhamsted, Connecticut
Barkhamsted (/bɑːrkˈhæmstɛd/ bark-HAM-sted) is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It contains seven villages: West Hill, Mallory, Barkhamsted Center, Center Hill, Washington Hill, Pleasant Valley, and Riverton. The population was 3,647 at the 2020 census, down from 3,799 at the 2010 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region. Barkhamsted was first incorporated in 1779, and named after Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England.
Acquaviva d'Isernia
Acquaviva d'Isernia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the southern Italian region of Molise, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Campobasso and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of Isernia. The town is located in the valley of the Volturno river.

Province of Isernia
The province of Isernia (Italian: provincia di Isernia) is a province in the Molise region of Italy. The provincial capital is the city Isernia and the president of the province is Alfredo Ricci. The province of Isernia has an area of 1,535.24 square kilometres (592.76 sq mi) and a population of 79,236 inhabitants as of 2024, making it Italy's least populous province. It contains 52 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province, listed at comuni of the province of Isernia.
Maxwell v. Dow
Maxwell v. Dow,  176 U.S. 581 (1900), is a United States Supreme Court decision which addressed two questions relating to the Due Process Clause: first, whether Utah's practice of allowing prosecutors to directly file criminal charges without a grand jury (this practice goes by the confusing name of information) was consistent with due process, and second, whether Utah's use of eight jurors instead of twelve in "courts of general jurisdiction" was constitutional.

Information (formal criminal charge)
An information is a formal criminal charge which, depending upon the jurisdiction, either begins or continues a criminal proceeding in the courts.  The information is one of the oldest common law pleadings (first appearing around the 13th century), and is nearly as old as the better-known indictment, with which it has always coexisted.

Although the information has been abolished in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, it is still used in Canada, the United States (at both the federal level and in some states) and various other common law jurisdictions.
WLKL
WLKL (89.9 FM, The Max Alternative) is a college radio station broadcasting an alternative music format. Licensed to Mattoon, Illinois, United States, the station serves the Mattoon/Neoga area. The station is owned by Lake Land College through its licensee Community College District #517.

Neoga, Illinois
Neoga is a city in Cumberland County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,398 at the 2020 census, down from 1,636 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Neoga was incorporated in 1856. 
Neoga has two possible origins for its name. The first origin is that the town name directly means "deer" in the Kickapoo language. The second origin is that Neoga comes from an Iroquois word meaning "place of the deity".
Theophanes (crater)
Theophanes is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the IAU in 1976, after the Byzantine painter Theophanes.

Hollows are present within Theophanes and to the west of the crater.

Two unnamed depressions east of Theophanes may be sites of explosive volcanism.

Theophanes crater and hollows to the west

Theophanes at left, with two probable sites of explosive volcanism at center and below center

Explosive eruption
In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type. A notable example is the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Such eruptions result when sufficient gas has dissolved under pressure within a viscous magma such that expelled lava violently froths into volcanic ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Sometimes a lava plug will block the conduit to the summit, and when this occurs, eruptions are more violent. Explosive eruptions can expel as much as 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) per second of rocks, dust, gas and pyroclastic material, averaged over the duration of eruption, that travels at several hundred meters per second as high as 20 km (12 mi) into the atmosphere. This cloud may subsequently collapse, creating a fast-moving pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter.
Rush Doshi
Rush Doshi is an American political scientist currently serving as an assistant professor of security studies at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. He is also senior fellow for China and director of the Initiative on China Strategy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). He served at the White House National Security Council (NSC) in the Biden administration as Director and later Deputy Senior Director for China and Taiwan from 2021 to March 2024.

United States National Security Council
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House, it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and composed of senior national security advisors and presidential cabinet officials.

Since its inception in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, the function of the council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in U.S. foreign policy, from the Korean War to the war on terror.
Piotr Osiecki
Piotr Osiecki (born 22 December 1961, in Sochaczew) is a Polish politician, and former rugby union footballer. He played 35 matches for Poland national rugby union team. Between 2010 and 2024 he was a mayor of Sochaczew town. He is member of Right of the Republic party.

Right Wing of the Republic
The Right Wing of the Republic (Polish: Prawica Rzeczypospolitej) is a political party in Poland founded by former Marshal of the Sejm Marek Jurek on 20 April 2007 after he had left Law and Justice on 16 April 2007, when the Sejm failed to pass a constitutional amendment outlawing abortion. The party positions itself as a Christian conservative party with a strong focus on family rights and an anti-abortion stance.
2019 Open d'Orléans
The 2019 Open d'Orléans was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Orléans, France between 23 and 29 September 2019.

Mikael Ymer
Mikael Ymer (born 9 September 1998) is a Swedish professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 50, achieved on 17 April 2023. In the ATP doubles ranking his career high is No. 187, achieved in October 2017. He is the current No. 5 Swedish singles player. Ymer was the No. 1 Swedish player until 2023.
João I of Kongo
King João I (born Nzinga-a-Nkuwu; c. 1440 – 1509) was the 5th ManiKongo of the Kingdom of Kongo (Kongo: Kongo-dia-Ntotila) between 1470 and 1509. After Portuguese sailors visited his kingdom, he voluntarily briefly converted to Catholicism. He was baptised on 3 May 1491 and took the Portuguese Christian name of João. Soon after, ManiKongo Nzinga-a-Nkuwu João I abandoned the new faith in 1495 for a number of reasons, one of them being the Catholic Church's requirement of monogamy. Politically, he could not afford to abandon polygamy and embrace monogamy, a cultural shift that the king could not contemplate as power in Kongo was elective, rather than hereditary as in Europe; as Kongo culture followed a matrilineality structure, where the elder son of the king is not automatically the next king.

Elective monarchy
An elective monarchy is a monarchy where the ruling head is elected instead of strictly inheriting power. The manner of election, the nature of candidate qualifications, and the electors vary from case to case. Historically, it was common for elective monarchies to transform into hereditary ones (whether legally or de facto) by repeated election of the previous rulers' children, or for hereditary monarchies to acquire elective or semi-elective succession laws, particularly following dynastic crises.
Ammayane Sathyam
Ammayane Sathyam (അമ്മയാണെ സത്യം, English: I Swear on my Mother) is a 1993 Malayalam film written and directed by Balachandra Menon. The film stars Mukesh, Annie, Balachandra Menon, Narendra Prasad, Jagathy Sreekumar, Ganesh Kumar, Thilakan, K. P. A. C. Lalitha, Paravoor Bharathan, Prem Kumar, and Mammukoya. Balachendra Menon remade the film in Tamil as Kandaen Seethayae, however the project was later shelved. 
He also introduced actress Annie through this film.

Narendra Prasad
Raghava Kurup Narendra Prasad (26 December 1946 – 3 November 2003) was an Indian actor, playwright, director, teacher and literary critic. He was born at Mavelikkara in the erstwhile Kingdom of Travancore. Appreciated for his body language and performance by the audience and critics, he is known for portraying character roles and villain characters in Malayalam films.
Yeni Taşköprü
Yeni Taşköprü or Muhacir Taşköprü is a village in the Düzce District of Düzce Province in Turkey. Its population is 2,011 (2022). It has three neighborhoods(Tınaz, Merkez, Kapancık). Populated by mostly Bulgarian Turks from Karinobat and Razgrad. The village has also Greece Immigrant, Kurdish and Ordulu minorities. The village is near the Small Melen River and has a lot of grassland, where most of the cattles are brought to in the summer period.

Yeni Taşköprü has a middle school, which was renovated during the summerbreak of 2020. The village also has a cosmetics factory that employs 58 women. Tobacco farming used to be done in the Yeni Taşköprü and nearby Muhacir villages until 2000s. Some villagers and people from the nearby Bahçeköy and Paşakonağı have cattle farms.

Karnobat
Karnobat (Bulgarian: Карнобат [kɐrnoˈbat]) is a town in the Burgas Province, Southeastern Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Karnobat Municipality and lies in the Karnobat Valley. According to the 2021 census, the town had a population of 16,483.
Muskoka River
The Muskoka River is a river in the Muskoka District of Ontario, Canada. The river is the third largest river draining the southern Ontario land mass by average annual flow.

It rises in the highlands of Algonquin Park and flows southwest through a number of lakes including

Lake Muskoka

Lake Joseph

Lake Rosseau

Lake of Bays

which empty into Georgian Bay south of Parry Sound by way of the Moon and Musquash Rivers.

Tributaries include the:

Indian River

Hollow River

Oxtongue River

Buck River

East River

Communities on the river include:

Bracebridge, Ontario

Huntsville, Ontario

The name "Muskoka" comes from the name of a chief of the Ojibwa in this region, "Mesqua Ukee" (Miskwaa-aki: Red Earth).

Lake Joseph
Lake Joseph is located in Seguin Township, Ontario. Cottage development in the Muskoka region began on the northern islands of Lake Joseph in the 1870's but quickly spread to other sections of all three of the larger Muskoka lakes. Lake Joseph is connected to Lake Rosseau through the narrows at Port Sandfield and the Joseph River. William Robinson, a member of the House of Assembly for Upper Canada (1830-1840) and later Commissioner of Public Works named Lake Joseph and neighbouring Lake Rosseau after his friend Joseph Rousseau, the father of a fur trader in the area.
Fernand Saivé
Fernand Saivé (24 May 1900 – 12 April 1981) was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1924 Summer Olympics winning a silver medal in the men's team trial and a bronze in the men's team pursuit.

Cycling at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit
The men's team pursuit event was part of the track cycling programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

The field consisted of 10 teams of four, with each team representing a different country. The Vélodrome de Vincennes track was a 500-metre (1,640 ft) loop. The format was a 4-kilometre (8 lap) team pursuit.
Uonuma
Uonuma (魚沼市, Uonuma-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 35,027 in 13,289 households, and a population density of 37 persons per km2. Its total area is 946.76 square kilometres (365.55 sq mi). The city is famous for its koshihikari rice, which commands a premium in the Japanese market.

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Nanwei Tan
Nanwei Tan (Chinese: 南衛灘) is located approximately 40 nautical miles northwest of Dongsha Island in the northern part of the South China Sea, about 4 kilometers south of Beiwei Tan, and about 80 kilometers from Dongsha Island. It is a submerged coral reef, classified as a submerged shoal. The shallowest point has a depth of 58 meters.

Nanwei Tan is currently under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan), administratively falling under the jurisdiction of Cijin District in Kaohsiung City. The Government of the People's Republic of China also claims sovereignty over it, and it is administratively under the jurisdiction of the government of Jieshi, Lufeng City, Shanwei, Guangdong Province.

Lufeng, Guangdong
Lufeng, alternately romanized as Lukfung in Cantonese, is a county-level city in the southeast of Guangdong province, administered as a part of the prefecture-level city of Shanwei. It lies on the mainland on coast of the South China Sea east of Hong Kong.
Deskford
Deskford (Scottish Gaelic: Deasgard) is a parish and a small settlement in Moray, Scotland, formerly in Banffshire.

A number of significant historical and archaeological remains have been found in the area, notably the remains of a carnyx.

Banffshire
Banffshire (/ˈbænfʃər/; Scots: Coontie o Banffshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Bhanbh) is a historic county in Scotland. The county town is Banff, although the largest settlement is Buckie to the west. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975. Since 1996 the area has been split between the Aberdeenshire and Moray council areas. The historic county boundaries of Banffshire are still used for certain functions, being a registration county and lieutenancy area.

It borders the Moray Firth to the north, Moray and Inverness-shire to the west, and Aberdeenshire to the east and south.
Modding
Modding (from "modifying") is the act of modifying hardware, software, or anything else to perform a function not originally intended by the designer, or to achieve bespoke specification or appearance. The term is often used in reference to video game modding, particularly in regard to creating new or altered content and sharing that via the web. It may be applied to the overclocking of computers in order to increase the frequency at which the CPU operates. Case modding is a popular activity amongst many computer enthusiasts which involves the customization of a computer case or the installation of water cooling technology. In connection with automobiles, modding can connote engine tuning, remapping of a vehicle's engine control unit or customization of the coachwork.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Crawfordsburn railway station
Crawfordsburn railway station served Crawfordsburn Hospital (which closed in the early 1990s) and Crawfordsburn Country Park in County Down, Northern Ireland. 
It was situated between Carnalea and Helen's Bay. The halt closed in 1997 because of low passenger numbers.  The platforms were removed in 2001 during the relaying of the Belfast-Bangor railway line.

Carnalea railway station
Carnalea railway station is located in the townland of Carnalea in northwest Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland.

It was first opened by the B.C.D.R. (Belfast and County Down Railway) on its present site at Station Walk on 1 June 1877 with only an up platform, and a brake van as an office.

Through the advent of wooden villas in the late 19th century, the B.C.D.R. (Belfast and County Down Railway) built a station house on the upside in 1897, most of which still stands. The station master's former dwelling is the oldest building in the area.

The station's low-set signal cabin (disused since the 1930s) and downside shelter have been demolished since the Northern Ireland Railways takeover in 1967. Glass shelters exist on the sites of the former waiting areas.

The station remains popular and many locals commute to Belfast via the station each morning, with just under 97,000 passengers boarding or alighting at the station in the 2023/24 financial year.
Boss (2011 film)
Boss is a 2011 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by R. Raghuraj. Darshan and Navya Nair are the lead pair of the film. V. Harikrishna has composed the music for the film. This film also features Tamil actor Prabhu playing the role of a CBI officer, named after the role played by Mammootty in CBI-franchise.

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).
Love Is Gonna Getcha
Love Is Gonna Getcha is the eighth studio album by American singer Patti Austin, released in 1990 on GRP Records. The album reached No. 4 on the US Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and No. 45 on the US Billboard Top Soul Albums chart.

Alan and Marilyn Bergman
Alan Bergman (September 11, 1925 – July 17, 2025) and Marilyn Keith Bergman (née Katz; November 10, 1928 – January 8, 2022) were an American songwriting duo. Married from 1958 until Marilyn's death, together they wrote music and lyrics for numerous celebrated television, film, and stage productions. The Bergmans enjoyed a successful career, honored with four Emmys, three Oscars, and two Grammys (including Song of the Year). They are in the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
2012 European Grand Prix
The 2012 European Grand Prix (formally, the 2012 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Europe) was a Formula One motor race that was held at the Valencia Street Circuit in Valencia, Spain on 24 June 2012. It was the eighth round of the 2012 championship season, and the final time the circuit hosted the European Grand Prix or any other Formula One race.

It was Fernando Alonso's second Grand Prix win in Spain after the 2006 Spanish Grand Prix held at Barcelona, with Kimi Räikkönen finishing second in the race. Michael Schumacher finished third at the age of 43 years and 173 days, the oldest driver to climb to the podium since Jack Brabham's second-place finish at the 1970 British Grand Prix. It was Schumacher's best result since his comeback in 2010 and the final podium finish of his Formula One career. Alonso was the first to win his home race since Michael Schumacher in 2006 and was also the last to win his home race, as of 2026.

2006 Spanish Grand Prix
The 2006 Spanish Grand Prix (officially the Formula 1 Gran Premio Telefónica de España 2006) was a Formula One motor race held on 14 May 2006 at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. It was the sixth round of the 2006 Formula One season and the forty-eighth Spanish Grand Prix. The 66-lap race was won by Fernando Alonso for the Renault team, from a pole position start. Michael Schumacher finished second in a Ferrari with Alonso's teammate Giancarlo Fisichella third.

As a consequence of the race, Alonso stretched his lead to fifteen points in the Drivers' Championship over Schumacher. Alonso's team, Renault, also increased their lead, but did so in the Constructors' Championship standings. This put them nineteen points ahead of Ferrari.
Haute Living
Haute Living is a luxury lifestyle magazine founded in 2004.  It is based in Miami, Florida, and as of 2015 is chaired by Robert Farmer. The executive publishers of the magazine are Kamal Hotchandani, CEO, and Seth Semilof, COO.

The magazine is published by Haute Living, Inc., and distributed on a bi-monthly basis in New York City, Los Angeles, Miami, and San Francisco.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
Why Bonnie
Why Bonnie is the musical project of songwriter Blair Howerton. Howerton started the band in Austin, Texas and has since relocated to Brooklyn, New York. Their debut album 90 in November was released in August 2022 on Keeled Scaled . Their sophomore album Wish on the Bone is set to release on August 30, 2024, via Fire Talk Records Their musical style has been described as shoegaze-icana with pop influence.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.