hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua
Self-portrait in a circle of friends in Mantua, also referred to as Self-Portrait in the Circle of Mantuan Friends or, for short, as Mantuan Friendship Picture is an oil painting on canvas by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, produced between 1602 and 1606 when the artist worked in Mantua as a court painter of the Gonzagas.  It is in the collection of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne. It is the oldest known self-portrait by Rubens. It falls in a particular genre of portraits which was popular in the 16th and 17th century, the so-called friendship portrait which depicts an informal gathering of friends or companions. It is more specifically a portrait of a circle of Stoic friends or companions.

House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).
2011 McDonald's Burnie International – Men's doubles
Matthew Ebden and Samuel Groth were the defending champions; however, they were defeated 2–6, 6–3, [6–10] by Paolo Lorenzi and Grega Žemlja in the quarterfinals.
Philip Bester and Peter Polansky won the title, defeating Marinko Matosevic and Rubin Jose Statham 6–4, 3–6, [14–12] in the final.

Philip Bester
Philip Bester (born October 6, 1988) is a Canadian former professional tennis player from North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Bester was a finalist at the 2006 junior French Open. In doing so he became the first Canadian male to reach a Grand Slam final in singles.
American Symphony
The American Symphony is a symphony for orchestra by the American composer Adam Schoenberg. The work was commissioned by the Kansas City Symphony and was completed in early 2011. It was first performed by the Kansas City Symphony under the direction of Michael Stern at the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts in Kansas City on March 4, 2011.

Michael Stern (conductor)
Michael Stern (born 17 December 1959) is an American conductor.  He is currently music director of the National Repertory Orchestra (Breckenridge, Colorado) and of Orchestra Lumos.  He is artistic advisor to the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and the Iris Collective.  He is music director laureate of the Kansas City Symphony.
Chilean Venezuelans
Chilean Venezuelans are Venezuelans of Chilean descent or Chileans who have obtained Venezuelan citizenship. This migratory flow was one of the main destinations for exiles from the Pinochet dictatorship, at which time approximately 80,000 people came to Venezuela, in addition to professional migrants motivated by the oil boom occurred between 1950 and 1980.

In 2011, the Miranda State was the state with the highest concentration of Chileans (2,744 in total), followed by the Bolívar State (1,947 in total) and the Capital District (1,334 in total). Several activities are carried out within the Chilean communities of Venezuela, such as the 1973 coup d'état commemoration and the celebration of native land holidays.

Oil boom
An oil boom is a period of large inflow of income as a result of high global oil prices or large oil production in an economy. Generally, this short period initially brings economic benefits, in terms of increased GDP growth, but might later lead to a resource curse.
Terry Betts
Terence Arnold Betts (born 15 September 1943 in Harlow, Essex, England) is a former international speedway rider who reached the final of the Speedway World Championship in 1974. He became World Pairs Champion with Ray Wilson in 1972 and was a member of the Great Britain team that won the World Team Cup in 1972 and 1973.

Speedway World Championship
The World Championship of Speedway is an international competition between the highest-ranked motorcycle speedway riders of the world, run under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The first official championships were held in 1936.

Today, the championship is organised as a series of Speedway Grand Prix events, where points are awarded according to performance in the event and tallied up at the end of each season. However, up to 1994, it was usually run as a single-night event after qualifying rounds during the season, leading up to a final consisting of 20 heats, where points were awarded according to riders' heat placings and then tallied up at the end.

Before the World Championship received its formal recognition from the ACU and the FIM in 1936, other unofficial Speedway World Championships were staged between 1931 and 1935, in Europe, South America and Australasia, such as the Star Riders' Championship.
Pushpavathy Poypadathu
Pushpavathy P R, also known as Pushpavathy Poypadathu is an Indian singer, composer and lyricist. Trained in Carnatic Vocal, Pushpavathy holds a Post Graduate Diploma (Ganapraveena) from Chembai Memorial Government Music College, Palakkad and received her advanced training under Guru Mangad Natesan (1994-2005). Pushpa's first directorial venture was a music album based on the Poems of Kabir (Kabir Music of Harmony 2005) which has won critical acclaim in many platforms and was a best seller too. Pushpavathy was a B grade artist with AIR (All India Radio) from 1999 to 2004. She is the vice chairperson of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi

Chembai Memorial Government Music College
Chembai Memorial Government Music College, Palakkad, Kerala was established in 1957 as Government Music Academy offering Bachelor degree courses in Music, Veena, Violin and Mridangam and Master Degree course in Music.
Albuca juncifolia
Albuca juncifolia is a bulbous flowering plant, placed in the genus Albuca in the subfamily Scilloideae of the family Asparagaceae.

It is native to the Western Cape in South Africa. It occurs on sandy (often calcareous) flats, from Ceres in the north, to the Cape Peninsula, and as far east as Mossel Bay.

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Marine Cabirou
Marine Cabirou (born 12 March 1997) is a French downhill mountain bike racer. She a is a four-time medalist at the UCI World Championships, winning one silver and three bronze medals. She was also the 2016 European downhill champion, won the overall title of the 2020 UCI Downhill World Cup and is a two-time national champion.

2020 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup
The 2020 Mercedes-Benz UCI Mountain Bike World Cup was a series of races in Olympic Cross-Country (XCO), Cross-Country Eliminator (XCE), and Downhill (DHI). Each discipline had an Elite Men and an Elite Women category. There were also under-23 categories in the XCO and junior categories in the DHI. The cross-country series had two rounds and the downhill series four rounds.
Great Stirrup Controversy
The Great Stirrup Controversy is the academic debate about the Stirrup Thesis, the theory that feudalism in Europe developed largely as a result of the introduction of the stirrup to cavalry in the 8th century AD. It relates to the hypothesis suggested by Lynn Townsend White Jr. in his 1962 book, Medieval Technology and Social Change. White believed that the stirrup enabled heavy cavalry and shock combat, which in turn prompted the Carolingian dynasty of the 8th and 9th centuries to organize its territory into a vassalage system, rewarding mounted warriors with land grants for their service.

White's book has proved very influential, but others have accused him of speculation, oversimplification, and ignoring contradictory evidence on the subject. Scholars have debated whether the stirrup actually provided the impetus for this social change, or whether the rise of heavy cavalry resulted from political changes in medieval Europe.

Fallacy of the single cause
The fallacy of the single cause, also known as complex cause, causal oversimplification, causal reductionism, root cause fallacy, and reduction fallacy, is an informal fallacy of questionable cause that occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient causes.

Fallacy of the single cause can be logically reduced to: "X caused Y; therefore, X was the only cause of Y" (although A,B,C...etc. also contributed to Y.)

Causal oversimplification is a specific kind of false dilemma where conjoint possibilities are ignored. In other words, the possible causes are assumed to be "A xor B xor C" when "A and B and C" or "A and B and not C" (etc.) are not taken into consideration; i.e. the "or" is not exclusive.
2012 SANFL Grand Final
The 2012 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final saw Norwood defeat the West Adelaide by 49 points to claim the club's 28th premiership victory.

The match was played on Sunday 7 October 2012 at Football Park in front of a crowd of 29,661. It was a dour affair on a perfect day, with both sides adopting the constrictive style of football that had become popular in the AFL at that time.

Norwood Football Club
The Norwood Football Club, nicknamed the Redlegs, is an Australian rules football club competing in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Its home ground is Coopers Stadium (Norwood Oval), which is often referred to as "The Parade". It is one of the two traditional powerhouse clubs of the SANFL, the other being Port Adelaide, who together have won half of all SANFL premierships (see Port Adelaide–Norwood SANFL rivalry). The club has won 31 SANFL premierships and 1 SANFLW premiership.
Kukinia
Kukinia [kuˈkiɲa] (German: Alt Quetzin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustronie Morskie, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south of Ustronie Morskie, 13 km (8 mi) east of Kołobrzeg, and 114 km (71 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 240.

Kołobrzeg County
Kołobrzeg County (Polish: powiat kołobrzeski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is Kołobrzeg, which lies on the coast 106 kilometres (66 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. Its only other town is Gościno.

The county covers an area of 725.86 square kilometres (280.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population was 76,089, out of which the population of Kołobrzeg was 44,794 and the rural population was 31,295.
World Surfing Games
The ISA World Surfing Games, formerly known as the ISA World Surfing Championships, are organized by world governing body of surfing, the International Surfing Association (ISA), which is recognized by the International Olympic Committee.

Ella Williams
Ella Williams (born 13 January 1995) is a surfer from Whangamatā, New Zealand. At age 18, she became junior world champion in Florianópolis, Brazil. She is set to compete in the inaugural shortboard surfing competition at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Ancylosis
Ancylosis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1839, and is known from South Africa, Uzbekistan, Spain, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, Algeria, Tunisia, Russia, Israel, Palestine, Greece, Australia, Seychelles, Afghanistan, the United States, Iraq, Namibia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Mauritius, Mozambique, Lebanon, Argentina, Sri Lanka, and Yemen.

Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between 9 and 37 mm (0.35 and 1.46 in) with variable morphological features.

It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae.
Chala Kelele
Chala Kelele Tekelli (born 7 October 1966) is a retired Ethiopian runner who specialized in cross-country running. He represented Ethiopia at six editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, as well as the 1994 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and in the IAAF World Road Relay Championships.

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
Cycling at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Cycling at the 1994 Commonwealth Games was the 14th appearance of Cycling at the Commonwealth Games. The events were held in Victoria, Canada, from 18 to 28 August 1994.

The track events were held at the Juan de Fuca Velodrome (part of the Juan de Fuca Recreation Centre) in Colwood. The road events centered around the Patricia Bay Highway, with the men's road race being 180km and the time trials 100km (m) and 50km (w).

Australia topped the cycling medal table, by virtue of winning ten gold medals.

British Columbia Highway 17
Highway 17 is a provincial highway in British Columbia, Canada. It comprises two separate sections connected by a ferry link. The Vancouver Island section is known as the Patricia Bay Highway and connects Victoria with the Swartz Bay ferry terminal in North Saanich. The Lower Mainland section is known as the South Fraser Perimeter Road (SFPR) and links the Tsawwassen ferry terminal with Delta and Surrey, terminating at an interchange with Highway 1 in the Fraser Valley.
Mefeclorazine
Mefeclorazine (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name) is a neuroleptic (antipsychotic) of the phenethylamine and arylpiperazine groups.

Part of mefeclorazine's chemical structure is based on 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMPEA or homoveratrylamine), which has structural similarity to the neurotransmitter dopamine. Mefeclorazine was invented by Jack Mills of Eli Lilly in 1958. Although it is not known to have ever been used clinically, it is based on a chemically rational synthetic design.

The ortho-chlorophenylpiperazine (oCPP) moiety forms part of the molecular structure. This precursor finds dual use in the synthesis of the arylpiperazines enpiprazole and KMUP-1.

Moiety (chemistry)
In organic chemistry, a moiety (/ˈmɔɪəti/ MOY-ə-tee) is a part of a molecule that is given a name because it is identified as a part of other molecules as well.

Typically, the term is used to describe the larger and characteristic parts of organic molecules, and it should not be used to describe or name smaller functional groups of atoms that chemically react in similar ways in most molecules that contain them. Occasionally, a moiety may contain smaller moieties and functional groups.

A moiety that acts as a branch extending from the backbone of a hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent or side chain, which typically can be removed from the molecule and substituted with others.

The term is also used in pharmacology, where an active moiety is the part of a molecule responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of a drug.
Robert de Lasaux
Robert Augustus de Lasaux (24 November 1834 – 7 December 1914) was an English amateur cricketer. He was born at Canterbury in Kent in 1834, the son of the city coroner and was educated in Canterbury and in Kennington.

De Lasaux made his first-class debut for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1858. He made two further known first-class appearances in 1858, one for Kent County Cricket Club against England and another for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Gentlemen of England at the St Lawrence Ground. He was one of the original members of the amateur Band of Brothers cricket team and of St Lawrence Cricket Club in Canterbury and was described in his Wisden obituary as "a good fast-medium round-armed bowler" and a "very smart" fielder.

De Lasaux died at Canterbury in 1914 aged 80. His obituary in The Times records that he was "an expert diabolo player" as a youth and had revived his skills for an exhibition in 1907.

Rest of England cricket teams
In English cricket since the first half of the 18th century, various ad hoc teams have been formed for short-term purposes which have been called England (i.e., in the sense of "the rest of England") to play against, say, Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) or an individual county team. The key factor is that they were non-international and there is a significant difference between them and the official England cricket team which takes part in international fixtures. Conceptually, there is evidence of this sort of team being formed, or at least mooted, since the 1730s. They have always been "occasional elevens" but, nevertheless, have invariably been strong sides. A typical example would be a selection consisting of leading players drawn from several county teams.
Piz da la Crappa
Piz da la Crappa (3,122 m) is a mountain in the Sesvenna Range of the Alps, located west of S-charl in the canton of Graubünden. Its summit is the tripoint between the Val Plavna, the Val Zuort and the Val S-charl.

The east side of the mountain is part of the Swiss National Park.

Swiss National Park
The Swiss National Park (Romansh: Parc Naziunal Svizzer; German: Schweizerischer Nationalpark; Italian: Parco Nazionale Svizzero; French: Parc National Suisse) is located in the Western Rhaetian Alps, in eastern Switzerland. It lies within the canton of Graubünden, between Zernez, S-chanf, Scuol, and the Fuorn Pass in the Engadin valley on the border with Italy. Founded in 1914, the Swiss National Park is the oldest national park in the Alps and in Central Europe.

It is part of the worldwide UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and has IUCN category Ia, which is the highest category, signifying a strict nature reserve. Today, the Swiss National Park has an area of 170.3 km2 and is the largest nature reserve in Switzerland.
Sacha Levy
Sacha Levy is a fictional character from the BBC One medical drama Holby City, played by Bob Barrett. He made his first appearance in the twelfth series episode "Talk to Me", broadcast on 5 January 2010. Sacha joined the Keller ward staff as a specialist registrar in general surgery. Sacha is the father of long-serving character Chrissie Williams's infant son, Daniel, as a result of a one-night stand, and has since held unreciprocated feelings for her. Since Chrissie's departure in 2013, Sacha's storylines have seen a relationship with Essie Harrison (Kaye Wragg) and a battle with depression. Barrett has reprised the role of Sacha in sister show Casualty in 2019 and 2023.

Characters of Casualty
Casualty is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC1. The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin. It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show Holby City. Casualty follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General. It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with ten main characters in its first series, including the longest-serving character Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson). They have all since left the series. Many main characters have been written in and out of the series since. In addition, Casualty features guest stars each week, as well as recurring guests that take part in story arcs that span a portion of a series or multiple series.
Kitsap Transit
Kitsap Transit is a public transit agency serving Kitsap County, Washington, part of the Seattle metropolitan area. The system is based in Bremerton and operates bus service on 40 fixed routes, two local passenger ferry routes, a vanpool system, worker-driver services, and dial-a-ride paratransit. The Kitsap Fast Ferries, also operated by Kitsap Transit, launched in 2017 and has three routes that connect Seattle to Kitsap County. In 2024, the system had a total ridership of 3,023,200 and nearly 10,000 passengers on an average weekday in 2023.

Southworth, Washington
Southworth is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) on Puget Sound in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. It is best known for being the west end of the Fauntleroy-Vashon Island-Southworth Washington State Ferries run. Landmarks include Southworth Grocery, a US Post Office, ferry terminal, clay cliffs and a private beach on the point. Next to the ferry is a popular place to launch kayaks for trips to nearby Blake Island. The population of the Southworth CDP was 2,185 at the 2010 census.
Alick Tipoti
Alick Tipoti (born 1975), whose traditional name is Zugub, is a Torres Strait Islander artist, linguist, and activist of the Kala Lagaw Ya people, from Badu Island, in the Zenadh Kes (Torres Strait). His work includes painting, installations, printmaking, sculpture and mask-making, and is focused on preserving the culture and languages of his people.

Oceanographic Museum of Monaco
The Oceanographic Museum (French: Musée océanographique), is a museum of marine sciences in Monaco City, Monaco.
This building is part of the Institut océanographique, which is committed to sharing its knowledge of the oceans.
Lasigovci
Lasigovci (pronounced [ˈlaːsiɡɔu̯tsi]) is a settlement in the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) in the Municipality of Dornava in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

Slovene Hills
The Slovene Hills or the Slovenian Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice, German: Windische Bühel or Windische Büheln) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia, a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has an area of 1,017 square kilometres (393 sq mi). It comprises the Western Slovene Hills and the Eastern Slovene Hills (also named Prlekija). The region is known for its vineyards and wines. The central town and municipality is Lenart.