hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heigham
Heigham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne Heigham (c.1563–1601), English Catholic martyr

Clement Heigham (c.1495–1571), English lawyer and politician

John Heigham (c.1568–c.1634), English Roman Catholic printer, writer, and translator

Roger Heigham (c.1515–1558), English politician

Heigham, once a village and parish, is now a suburb of the city of Norwich.

Anne Line
Anne Line (c. 1563 – 27 February 1601) was an English Catholic martyr. After losing her husband, she became very active in sheltering clandestine Catholic priests, which was illegal in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Finally arrested, she was condemned to death and executed at Tyburn. The Catholic Church declared her a martyr, and Pope Paul VI canonised her in 1970.
Ignis suus
Ignis suus (his fire; Latin), sometimes ignus suus, is  a common law principle relating to an occupier's liability over damage caused by the spread of fire. It traditionally imposes strict liability.

It was cited in the case Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd at the Supreme Court of Tasmania. When this case was taken to the High Court of Australia, the ignis suus rule was rejected as inappropriate for modern circumstances, had never been introduced into Australian law, and also on the basis it had been absorbed into the Rylands v. Fletcher principle, which was held to no longer be good law in Australia.  Both ignis suus and the Rylands and Fletcher rule were found by the majority of the HCA in Burnie, as stated and led by Mason CJ, to be absorbed into the tort of negligence.

Supreme Court of Tasmania
The Supreme Court of Tasmania is the highest State court in the Australian State of Tasmania. Together with the Magistrates Court, it forms the judiciary in Tasmania. In the Australian court hierarchy, the Supreme Court of Tasmania is in the middle level, with both an appellate jurisdiction over lower Tasmanian courts, with its own decisions being subject to appeal to the High Court of Australia. The Court has unlimited jurisdiction over Tasmanian civil matters and exclusive jurisdiction over Tasmanian criminal matters.

The ordinary sittings of the Court occur in Hobart, Launceston and Burnie in Tasmania. The Court's Appeal division sits only in Hobart.
Fryderyk Chopin Museum
The Fryderyk Chopin Museum (Polish: Muzeum Fryderyka Chopina) is a museum in Warsaw, Poland, established in 1954 and dedicated to Polish composer Frédéric Chopin. Since 2005, the museum has been operated by the Fryderyk Chopin Institute.

A department of the museum is the Birthplace of Frédéric Chopin at Żelazowa Wola. The museum also operated the Chopin family parlor on Krakowskie Przedmieście, in Warsaw, until the parlor's closure in 2014.

Krakowskie Przedmieście
Krakowskie Przedmieście (Polish) (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔfskʲɛ pʂɛdˈmjɛɕt͡ɕɛ] ⓘ, lit. 'Kraków Fore-town') is one of the best known
streets of Poland's capital Warsaw, surrounded by historic palaces, churches and manor-houses. It constitutes the northernmost part of Warsaw's Royal Route, and links the Old Town and Royal Castle (at Castle Square) with some of the most notable institutions in Warsaw, including, proceeding southward, the Presidential Palace, Warsaw University, and the Polish Academy of Sciences headquartered in the Staszic Palace. The immediate southward extension of the street along the Royal Route is New World Street.

Several other Polish cities also have streets named Krakowskie Przedmieście. In Lublin, it is the main and most elegant street. Other cities include Piotrków Trybunalski, Bochnia, Krasnystaw, Olkusz, Sieradz and Wieluń.
Government Technical Institute (Pyay)
The Government Technical Institute, Pyay (Burmese: အစိုးရစက်မှုလက်မှုသိပ္ပံ (ပြည်)) was an Institute of technology and engineering located in Pyay, Bago Division, Burma. It could graduate only Diploma of Technical.

The Government Technical Institute (Pyay) was a place where some Burmese politicians, such as Ko Ko Gyi and Kyaw Zaw Oo, did their post-high-school studies.

Bago Region
Bago Region (Burmese: ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, pronounced [bəɡó táɪɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Pegu Division and Bago Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the southern central part of the country. It is bordered by Magway Region and Mandalay Region to the north; Kayin State, Mon State and the Gulf of Martaban to the east; Yangon Region to the south and Ayeyarwady Region and Rakhine State to the west. It is located between 46°45'N and 19°20'N and 94°35'E and 97°10'E. It has a population of 4,867,373 (2014).
George W. Lowe
George W. Lowe (c. 1847 - ?) was an American politician minister and served as a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives. He represented Monroe County, Arkansas and served in the 1889 and 1891 sessions.

Lowe was born in Hardeman County, Tennessee and was enslaved by Samuel A. Bunting, along with his mother Harriet until he was 15. In 1863 he became a soldier as chief musician and was discharged in 1866 when he returned home to Hardeman County.

He served as a minister in Holly Grove, Arkansas and was involved in emigration efforts in 1892. Emigration was seen as a way to escape discrimination.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Law Society of New Brunswick v Ryan
Law Society of New Brunswick v Ryan, 2003 SCC 20 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on judicial review for professional disciplinary bodies in Canadian administrative law. The Court determined that decisions of professional disciplinary committees are reviewed on a standard of reasonableness simpliciter.

Court of Appeal of New Brunswick
The Court of Appeal of New Brunswick (French: Cour d'appel du Nouveau-Brunswick) (frequently referred to as New Brunswick Court of Appeal or NBCA) is the appellate court in the province of New Brunswick. There are five Justices, one Chief Justice, any former judge of the Court of Appeal who is a supernumerary judge and any former Chief Justice of New Brunswick who is a judge or a supernumerary judge. The court sits in Fredericton, New Brunswick. Cases are heard by a panel of three judges.

As of 2018, the Chief Justice is the Honourable J.C. Marc Richard.
Juanjuí Airport
Juanjuí Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Juanjuí) (IATA: JJI, ICAO: SPJI) is an airport serving Juanjuí, a city on the Huallaga River in the San Martín Region of Peru. The airport is owned and operated by CORPAC S.A., a civil government agency.

The Juanjui non-directional beacon (Ident: UAN) is located just southeast of the runway.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
2018 WTA Elite Trophy – Doubles
Duan Yingying and Han Xinyun were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Lyudmyla and Nadiia Kichenok won the title, defeating Shuko Aoyama and Lidziya Marozava in the final, 6–4, 3–6, [10–7].

Duan Yingying
Duan Yingying (Chinese: 段莹莹; born 3 July 1989) is a former Chinese tennis player.

In her career, she won one singles title and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and two WTA Challenger doubles titles, as well as eleven singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Her nickname is lightning for her amazing forehand.

On 24 April 2017, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 60. On 3 February 2020, she peaked at No. 16 in the doubles rankings.
Triangle Country Club Ground
Triangle Country Club is a cricket ground in Triangle, Masvingo, Zimbabwe attached to a larger sporting complex. The first major recorded match was a first-class fixture between Zimbabwe-Rhodesia B and Border in the 1979/80 Castle Bowl, which ended in a draw. For the next thirty-four years the ground held no further major matches, until 2013 when the Southern Rocks were due to play the Mountaineers in a List A match in the 2012/13 Zimbabwe Domestic One-Day Competition, however this match was abandoned. In that same season the Southern Rocks were also due to play a single Twenty20 match there in the Domestic Twenty20 Competition, however this match too was abandoned.

Border cricket team
Border is the team representing the Border region in domestic first-class cricket in South Africa.  The team began playing in March 1898. When Cricket South Africa introduced the franchise system in 2004, Border merged with Eastern Province to form the Warriors.
Kepler–Bouwkamp constant
In plane geometry, the Kepler–Bouwkamp constant (or polygon inscribing constant) is obtained as a limit of the following sequence. Take a circle of radius 1. Inscribe a regular triangle in this circle. Inscribe a circle in this triangle. Inscribe a square in it. Inscribe a circle, regular pentagon, circle, regular hexagon and so forth. 
The radius of the limiting circle is called the Kepler–Bouwkamp constant. It is named after Johannes Kepler and Christoffel Jacob Bouwkamp, and is the inverse of the polygon circumscribing constant.

Limit of a sequence
In mathematics, the limit of a sequence is the value that the terms of a sequence "tend to", and is often denoted using the  symbol (e.g., ). If such a limit exists and is finite, the sequence is called convergent. A sequence that does not converge is said to be divergent. The limit of a sequence is said to be the fundamental notion on which the whole of mathematical analysis ultimately rests.

Limits can be defined in any metric or topological space, but are usually first encountered in the real numbers.
Ariel Bruce
Ariel Bruce  is a British independent social worker who works as a specialist search consultant for film, TV and documentary makers. Born in Hampstead, London, she is the granddaughter of Marxist economist Fritz Sternberg.

Fritz Sternberg
Friedrich "Fritz" Sternberg (11 June 1895 – 18 October 1963) was a German economist, sociologist, Marxist theorist, and socialist politician. Bertolt Brecht declared Sternberg to be his "first teacher."
Aurora, Kenosha County, Wisconsin
Aurora is now part of the city of Kenosha, in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, but was the site of one of the area's earliest post offices, opened in the early 1830s at the Willis Tavern, the Aurora community center on the west side of the old Green Bay Trail (now Highway 31) just north of what is now 60th Street (Kenosha County Highway K). A Chicago-Milwaukee stagecoach line began operating in 1836 (twelve years before Wisconsin statehood) and served Aurora. The post office was finally closed in 1843. No traces of the community exist today.

Wisconsin Highway 31
State Trunk Highway 31 (often called Highway 31, STH-31 or WIS 31) is a 22.86-mile (36.79 km) state highway in Kenosha and Racine counties in the US state of Wisconsin that runs north–south as a suburban route passing Racine and Kenosha. With the exception of a two-mile (3.2 km) stretch between Four Mile Road and WIS 32 at the north end, WIS 31 is a multi-lane urban highway.
Abd al-Rahman III
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil al-Marwānī al-Umawī al-Qurashī (Arabic: عبدالرحمن بن محمد بن عبداللہ بن محمد بن عبدالرحمن بن الحكم بن هشام بن عبد الرحمن الداخل المرواني الأموي القرشي; 890–961), or simply ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, was the Umayyad Emir of Córdoba from 912 to 929, at which point he founded the Caliphate of Córdoba, serving as its first caliph until his death.  Abd al-Rahman won the laqab (sobriquet) al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh (lit. 'the Defender of God's Faith') in his early 20s when he supported the Maghrawa Berbers in North Africa against Fatimid expansion and later claimed the title of Caliph for himself. His half-century reign was known for its religious tolerance.

Arabic name
Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not had given, middle, and family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds.
The Seats Are Soft But the Helmet Is Way Too Tight
The Seats are Soft But the Helmet Is Way Too Tight is the title of Norwegian stoner rockers Thulsa Doom's second release and first full-length album.

The album was released in 2001 and received generally good reviews.

The tracks "Sins of the Next Man" and "Birthday Pony" were also included on the band's debut release, She Fucks Me.

Stoner rock
Stoner rock, also known as stoner metal or stoner doom, is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock. The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep.
Spring Hollow Reservoir
Spring Hollow Reservoir is a 158-acre (0.64 km2), 3.3-billion-US-gallon (12,000,000 m3) off-stream reservoir in Roanoke County, Virginia with the largest roller-compacted concrete dam east of the Mississippi having commenced operation in 1996, it is now the main source of water for residents of Roanoke County.

Roanoke County, Virginia
Roanoke County (/ˈroʊ.əˌnoʊk/ ROH-ə-nohk) is a county in the U.S. state of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96,929. Its county seat is Salem, but the county administrative offices are located in the census-designated place of Cave Spring.

Roanoke County is part of the Roanoke metropolitan area, and is in the Roanoke Region of Virginia.

The independent cities of Roanoke and Salem (incorporated as such in 1884 and 1968 respectively) are inside the boundaries of Roanoke County but are not a part of the county. The town of Vinton is the only municipality in the county. While significant areas of the county are rural and mountainous, most residents live in the suburbs near Roanoke and Salem in the Roanoke Valley.
Launcelot Harrison
Launcelot Harrison (13 July 1880 – 20 February 1928) was an Australian zoologist, entomologist and NSW rugby union player who held the Challis Chair in Zoology from 1922 until his untimely death from a cerebral haemorrhage. 
He married writer Amy Mack on 29 February 1908. His 1915 study found that host and parasite body sizes tended to positively co-vary; this finding was dubbed Harrison's rule.

During World War I he served as an advising entomologist (ranked Lieutenant) to the British Expeditionary Force in Mesopotamia.

His students included Claire Weekes, the first woman to earn a doctorate at the University of Sydney.

New South Wales Waratahs
The New South Wales Waratahs (/ˈwɒrətɑːz/ or /ˌwɒrəˈtɑːz/;), often referred to as the Waratahs, are an Australian professional rugby union team based in Sydney that represents the majority of New South Wales in the Super Rugby Pacific competition. The Waratahs play their home games at the new Sydney Football Stadium.
David T. Corbin
David Timothy Corbin (August 11, 1833 – December 8, 1905) was a Reconstruction era lawyer, officer in the Union Army, prisoner of war, U.S. Attorney, state senator, U.S. Senator-elect, and judge in South Carolina. He was from Vermont and came south with the Freedmen's Bureau to Charleston, South Carolina.

As a U.S. attorney in South Carolina he prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan Trials in that state. In 1872 he testified before a joint congressional committee.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate, and was afterwards nominated to be chief justice of the Utah Territory but not confirmed. He moved to Chicago and practiced law there. He is buried there.

The South Carolina Historical Society has a collection of his papers.

Freedmen's Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau, was a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former enslaved people) in the South. It was established on March 3, 1865, and operated briefly as a federal agency after the War, from 1865 to November 1872, to direct provisions, clothing, and fuel for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children.
Mohammad Nasroen
Prof. Mr. Mohammad Nasroen (Indonesian: Muhammad Nasrun, 29 October 1907 – 28 September 1968) was a Minangkabau bureaucrat, Indonesian philosophy scholar, professor of philosophy at the University of Indonesia, and a politician. He served as the first governor of Central Sumatra from 15 April 1948 to 1 August 1950, and he was the Minister of Justice in the Sukiman Cabinet from 20 November 1951 to 3 April 1952 replacing M. A. Pellaupessy.

Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction
The Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction is an Indonesian ministry that coordinate the administration of laws, human rights, immigrations, and corrections. Previously named as Ministry of Law and Human Rights, it was changed to a Coordinating Ministry by president Prabowo Subianto. The ministry reports to the president and led by a Coordinating Minister, Yusril Ihza Mahendra, since 20 October 2024.
Dun Mountain
Dun Mountain is a mountain in the Richmond Range near the city of Nelson in the Tasman District of New Zealand's South Island. It is located between the catchments of the Pelorus, Maitai and Roding Rivers. The mountain is named for its brown (Dun) colour. The colour is caused by the ultramafic rock which forms the mountain. Ultramafic Rock weathers to this colour and plant growth is also stunted due to the soils high heavy metal content. The ultramafic rock formed in the Earth's mantle in the Permian and is now part of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt.

In 1859 the rock type dunite was first identified on the mountain and named after it. Between 1850 and 1865 small deposits of chromite and copper were mined on the mountain leading to the building of New Zealand's first railway.

Chromite
Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can substitute for iron in variable amounts as it forms a solid solution with magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4). Substitution of the element aluminium can also occur, leading to hercynite (FeAl2O4). Chromite today is mined particularly to make stainless steel through the production of ferrochrome (FeCr), which is an iron-chromium alloy.

Chromite grains are commonly found in large mafic igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld in South Africa and India. Chromite is iron-black in color with a metallic luster, a dark brown streak and a hardness on the Mohs scale of 5.5.
Ponyo language
Ponyo, or Ponyo-Gongwang after its two dialects, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma. Ponyo is spoken in 19 villages of Lahe Township, Naga Self-Administered Zone (formerly administered as part of Hkamti District), Sagaing Division, Myanmar (Ethnologue). Dialects are Ponyo and Gongwang, with high mutual intelligibility between the two, both of which share 89% to 91% lexical similarity.

Ponyo is closely related to Leinong and Khiamniungan, sharing  69%–75% lexical similarity with the former, and 67%–73% with the latter.

Alternate names include Gongvan, Gongwang, Gongwang Naga, Manauk, Mannok, Ponyo, Ponyo Naga, Pounyu, Saplow, Solo, Tsawlaw (Ethnologue).

Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (stylized as Ethnoloɠue) is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL Global, an American evangelical Christian non-profit organization.
Limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway,  partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (also known as a freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property; some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow (often being dual carriageways); use of grade separated interchanges to some extent; prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles or ridden horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.

Horse-drawn vehicle
A horse-drawn vehicle is a wheeled vehicle pulled by horses to carry passengers or a load. They were common during the horse-drawn era, though have mostly been replaced by automobiles and other mechanized transport. Some are still in use today in rural areas, and also for pleasure, tourists, and sport. Many vehicles have been preserved and are on display in carriage museums and transport museums.
Clar's rule
In organic and physical organic chemistry, Clar's rule is an empirical rule that relates the chemical stability of a molecule to its aromaticity. It was introduced in 1972 by the Austrian organic chemist Erich Clar in his book The Aromatic Sextet. The rule states that given a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the resonance structure most important to characterize its properties is that with the largest number of aromatic π-sextets i.e. benzene-like moieties.

Chemical stability
In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. Colloquially, it may instead refer to kinetic persistence, the shelf-life of a metastable substance or system; that is, the timescale over which it begins to degrade.

Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or in chemical equilibrium with its environment. This may be a dynamic equilibrium in which individual atoms or molecules change form, but their overall number in a particular form is conserved. This type of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium will persist indefinitely unless the system is changed. Chemical systems might undergo changes in the phase of matter or a set of chemical reactions.

State A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B if the Gibbs free energy of the change from A to B is positive.