hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antonio Baudo
Antonio Baudo was an Italian motorcycle designer.

Baudo established the Officine Meccaniche Baudo in Turin in 1921, making three prototypes that had V2 engines of 474, 668 and 1000 ccm. In 1926 they showed two models that used 250 and 350 ccm motorcycle engines from JA Prestwich Industries (JAP) and Blackburne (motorcycles).

In 1925 he joined Paolo Motta and started Motta & Baudo, which made one prototype, the MB with a 1.35 liter Chapuis-Dornier motorcycle engine.  With Augusto Monaco he created the Monaco-Baudo in 1927.

The Baudo brand was sold in 1929 to Joseph Navone who made a couple of Baudo-labelled cars.

V-twin engine
A V-twin engine, also called a V2 engine, is a two-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders are arranged in a V configuration and share a common crankshaft.

The V-twin is widely associated with motorcycles, primarily installed transversely, though also longitudinally. They are also used in a variety of other land, air, and marine vehicles, as well as industrial applications. The V-twin design dates back to the late 1880s.
Brunswick Rock
Brunswick Rock is a 19th-century name for an obstruction in the Pearl River a little above the First Bar. It received its name after the East Indiaman Brunswick grounded there in 1798. Later other vessels, such as Alfred and Princess Amelia also grounded there. All were refloated. Then in September 1815 the country ship Windham was wrecked on the Brunswick Rock; her crew were rescued. At the time she was on a voyage from Bengal, India to China.

During the First Opium War, the British Royal Navy defeated the Qing dynasty Imperial Chinese Navy in the Battle of First Bar in the vicinity.

Battle of First Bar
The Battle of First Bar was fought between British and Chinese forces at First Bar Island and its surrounding area in the Pearl River, Guangdong province, China, on 27 February 1841 during the First Opium War.
Yovanny
Yovanny is a given name. Notable people with this name include:

Yovanny Arrechea (born 1983) American-Columbian footballer

Yovanny Lara (born 1975) Dominican baseball pitcher

Yovanny Lorenzo (born 1980) Dominican boxer

Yovanny Polanco (born 1974) Dominican merengue singer

Yovanny Arrechea
Yovanny Arrechea (Spanish pronunciation: [ɟʝoˈβanjareˈtʃea]; born 23 January 1983) is an American Colombian football striker. He currently is under contract with Club León, but he was not registered to play for the new season since the club had already hit the league limit of five foreign players.
Nizhnemaryino
Nizhnemaryino (Russian: Нижнемарьино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tresorukovskoye Rural Settlement, Liskinsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,190 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Liskinsky District
Liskinsky District  (Russian: Ли́скинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,033 square kilometers (785 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Liski. Population: 98,577 (2021 Census); 105,704 (2010 Census); 50,142 (2002 Census); 50,352 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Liski accounts for 54.9% of the district's total population.
Lamaw
Lamaw, also known as buko lamaw, is a Filipino dessert or beverage made from scraped young coconut meat (buko) in coconut water with milk and sugar (or condensed milk), and saltines or biscuits. Variations may add ingredients like peanuts, graham crackers, or orange-flavored softdrinks. Ice cubes are commonly added to chill the dessert. It is usually made from freshly gathered coconuts and is commonly served within the coconut shell itself. It originates from the Visayas and Visayan areas of Mindanao and is a traditional merienda for farmers working in the fields in rural areas.

The name of the dessert is from Visayan lamaw, meaning "swill" or "slop", due to its appearance. The term can sometimes also be used to refer to similar desserts made from papaya, star apple, or avocado with milk and sugar.

Chrysophyllum cainito
Chrysophyllum cainito is a tropical tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is native to the Isthmus of Panama, where it was domesticated. It has spread to the Greater Antilles and the West Indies and is now grown throughout the tropics, including Southeast Asia. It grows rapidly and reaches 20 meters in height.
Uchter Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly
Uchter John Mark Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly GCMG GCStJ PC (Ire) JP DL (14 August 1856 – 1 October 1933), was a British politician and colonial governor. He was Governor of New Zealand from 1897 to 1904.

New Zealand Electronic Text Collection
The New Zealand Electronic Text Collection (NZETC; Māori: Te Pūhikotuhi o Aotearoa) is a freely accessible online archive of New Zealand and Pacific Islands texts and heritage materials that are held by the Victoria University of Wellington Library. It was named the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre until October 2012.

At the beginning of 2012 the collection contained over 1,600 texts (around 65,000 pages) and received over 10,000 visits each day. It is one of two similar collections of older New Zealand publications that have been digitised, the other being the Early New Zealand Books collection from the University of Auckland Library.

The New Zealand Electronic Text Collection was transferred from Victoria University of Wellington to the National Library of New Zealand on 2 July 2024. The National Library makes it available in its web archive.
Gulosaurus
Gulosaurus is an extinct genus of basal grippidian ichthyopterygian known from the Early Triassic Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation of east-central British Columbia, Canada. Gulosaurus was first named by Robin S. Cuthbertson, Anthony P. Russell and Jason S. Anderson in 2013 and the type species is Gulosaurus helmi. The name means 'Helm's wolverine lizard' and refers to the Wolverine Nordic and Mountain Society, who maintain the area around Wapiti Lake where it was found, and to Dr Charles Helm, who is a leading paleontologist around this same area.

Originally Gulosaurus was thought to be either Grippia longirostris or Parvinatator wapitiensis, but as the fossil was incomplete it was uncertain which. In 2013, the other half of the fossil, including its skull, was discovered and this proved it to be a new species entirely, closely related to Grippia and very similar.

Wolverine
The wolverine (/ˈwʊlvəriːn/ WUUL-və-reen, US also /ˌwʊlvəˈriːn/ WUUL-və-REEN; Gulo gulo), also called the carcajou or quickhatch (from East Cree, kwiihkwahaacheew), is the largest land-dwelling member of the family Mustelidae. It is a muscular carnivore and a solitary animal. The wolverine has a reputation for ferocity and strength out of proportion to its size, with the documented ability to kill prey many times larger than itself.

The wolverine is found primarily in remote reaches of the northern boreal forests and subarctic and alpine tundra of the Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest numbers in Northern Canada, the U.S. state of Alaska, the mainland Nordic countries of Europe, and throughout western Russia and Siberia. Its population has steadily declined since the 19th century owing to trapping, range reduction and habitat fragmentation. The wolverine has become essentially absent from the southern end of its range in both Europe and North America.
Chicago Knights
The Chicago Knights were a professional indoor football team based in Loves Park, Illinois. The Knights were founded in 2010 as a member of the Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL), playing their home games at the Victory Sports Complex.

The Knights were the third Indoor Football Team based in Northern Illinois. The Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League were based in Rosemont, and the Chicago Slaughter of the Indoor Football League are based in Hoffman Estates. The Knights replaced the Chicago Cardinals as the Illinois-based CIFL team, which had replaced the Slaughter after they left for the Indoor Football League after a dispute with CIFL management.

Rosemont, Illinois
Rosemont is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located immediately northwest of Chicago. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 3,952. The village was incorporated in 1956, though it had been settled long before that. While Rosemont's land area and population are relatively small among municipalities in the Chicago metropolitan area, the village is a major center for commercial activity in the region and is a key component of the Golden Corridor. It contains Allstate Arena, which hosts the Chicago Wolves AHL hockey team. Since its founding, the village has been governed by one family, and has been described as America's "last true political machine".
Chess Fever
Chess Fever (Russian: Шахматная горячка, romanized: Shakhmatnaya goryachka) is a 1925 Soviet silent comedy film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin and Nikolai Shpikovsky. Chess Fever is a comedy about the Moscow 1925 chess tournament, made by Pudovkin during the pause in the filming of Mechanics of the Brain. The film combines acted parts with actual footage from the tournament.

Yakov Protazanov
Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov (Russian: Яков Александрович Протазанов; 4 February (O.S. 23 January ) 1881 – 8 August 1945) was a Russian and Soviet film director and screenwriter, and one of the founding fathers of cinema of Russia. He was an Honored Artist of the Russian SFSR (1935) and Uzbek SSR (1944).
Mayo Field (Rochester, Minnesota)
Mayo Field is a stadium in Rochester, Minnesota.  The ballpark is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the Rochester Honkers baseball team, part of the Northwoods League.  The stadium is able to hold 3,570 people.

Northwoods League
The Northwoods League is a collegiate summer wooden-bat baseball and softball league. The teams are located in the Northwoods region of the Upper Midwestern United States and Northwestern Ontario, mostly in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Other teams are located in Michigan, North Dakota, Iowa, Illinois and Indiana. As of 2025, over 400 Northwoods League alums have gone on to play in Major League Baseball, including Max Scherzer, Marcus Semien, Matt Chapman, Curtis Granderson, Chris Sale, Brandon Crawford, Ben Zobrist, and Pete Alonso.
Tobacco Institute
The Tobacco Institute, Inc. was a United States tobacco industry trade group, founded in 1958 by the American tobacco industry.: 251 
It was dissolved in 1998 as part of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.: 25

Philip Morris USA
Philip Morris USA is an American tobacco company. They are a division of the American tobacco corporation Altria Group. It has been the leading cigarette manufacturer in the U.S. since the late 20th century. Its major brands include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Merit, and Parliament.

The company was incorporated in New York City in 1902 as Philip Morris & Co. Ltd.  In 1919 George J. Whelan, along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. McKitterick, acquired the American division of the company and created Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., Inc. In the 1950s it introduced innovations such as the flip-top box and filters for cigarettes. In 1972, it became the leading cigarette manufacturer in the United States in terms of sales, a position it continued to hold. In March 2008, Philip Morris International was split from Philip Morris USA.
Steve Ryan (author)
Steve Ryan (born February 15, 1949) is an American author who specializes in the creation of games and puzzles. Ryan is also a television game show historian and creator. Ryan was a long-standing staff member of Goodson-Todman Productions and Mark Goodson Productions, where he created the concept for the game show Blockbusters. Ryan also created the rebus puzzles for the game show Classic Concentration. He was also a writer and creator of puzzles for the game shows Body Language, Catch Phrase, Password Plus and Trivia Trap.

Trivia Trap
Trivia Trap is an American television game show produced by Mark Goodson Productions. It originally ran from October 8, 1984 to April 5, 1985 on American Broadcasting Company (ABC). Two teams, each composed of three contestants, compete against each other in a variety of trivia-related formats to win a cash prize of $10,000. Bob Eubanks hosted the show, and Gene Wood, Charlie O'Donnell, and Bob Hilton alternated as announcers.
Dell PERC
A Dell PowerEdge RAID Controller, or Dell PERC, is a series of RAID, disk array controllers made by  Dell for its PowerEdge  server computers. The controllers support SAS and SATA hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs).

Serial Attached SCSI
In computing, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is a point-to-point serial protocol that moves data to and from computer-storage devices such as hard disk drives, solid-state drives and tape drives. SAS replaces the older Parallel SCSI (Parallel Small Computer System Interface, usually pronounced "scuzzy") bus technology that first appeared in the mid-1980s. SAS, like its predecessor, uses the standard SCSI command set. SAS offers optional compatibility with Serial ATA (SATA), versions 2 and later. This allows the connection of SATA drives to most SAS backplanes or controllers. The reverse, connecting SAS drives to SATA backplanes, is not possible.

The T10 technical committee of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) develops and maintains the SAS protocol; the SCSI Trade Association (SCSITA) promotes the technology.
Grimethorpe
Grimethorpe is a village in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. As of the 2011 census it has a population of 4,672.  Grimethorpe is located in eastern Barnsley, and until the local government reorganisation of 1974, it was part of the Hemsworth district and constituency. The village is part of the North East ward of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council.

For much of the 20th century Grimethorpe's economy was rooted in coal mining. Since the 1984–85 miners' strike, the downscaling of UK coal mining greatly accelerated and international cheap Open-pit mining provoked closure of its colliery in May 1993. In 1994 it was regarded as the poorest village in Britain.

There are roads linking the village to some of the country's biggest arteries, and the village is home to approximately 51 businesses, including the online fashion retailer ASOS.

Billy the Fish
Billy the Fish is a long-running cartoon strip in the British comic Viz that first appeared in 1983.
Created by artist Chris Donald and writer Simon Thorp (who later took on both roles), Billy the Fish is, like many Viz strips, a lampoon of British comics – in Billy the Fish's case, that of football-themed strips such as Roy of the Rovers. The cartoon was adapted into an animated film by Channel 4 in 1990.
Negative-feedback amplifier
A negative-feedback amplifier (or feedback amplifier) is an electronic amplifier that subtracts a fraction of its output from its input, so that negative feedback opposes the original signal.  The applied negative feedback can improve its performance (gain stability, linearity, frequency response, step response) and reduces sensitivity to parameter variations due to manufacturing or environment. Because of these advantages, many amplifiers and control systems use negative feedback.

An idealized negative-feedback amplifier as shown in the diagram is a system of three elements (see Figure 1):

an amplifier with gain AOL,

a feedback network β, which senses the output signal and possibly transforms it in some way (for example by attenuating or filtering it),

a summing circuit that acts as a subtractor (the circle in the figure), which combines the input and the transformed output.

Electronic filter
Electronic filters are a type of signal processing filter in the form of electrical circuits.  This article covers those filters consisting of lumped electronic components, as opposed to distributed-element filters.  That is, using components and interconnections that, in analysis, can be considered to exist at a single point.  These components can be in discrete packages or part of an integrated circuit.

Electronic filters remove unwanted frequency components from the applied signal, enhance wanted ones, or both. They can be:

passive or active

analog or digital

high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop (band-rejection; notch), or all-pass.

discrete-time (sampled) or continuous-time

linear or non-linear

infinite impulse response (IIR type) or finite impulse response (FIR type)

The most common types of electronic filters are linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design. See the article on linear filters for details on their design and analysis.
Jaye Crockett
Jeffrey "Jaye" Crockett (born October 16, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for Keravnos of the Cyprus Basketball Division 1. He played college basketball for Texas Tech before playing professionally in Italy, Japan, Switzerland, Denmark, France, Lebanon, Australia and Greece.

Cyprus Basketball Division A
The Cyprus Basketball Division A, known for sponsorship reasons as ECOMMBX Basket League, is currently the top-tier level men's professional basketball competition of the Cypriot basketball league system. It is run and governed by the Cyprus Basketball Federation.
Baskin-Robbins
Baskin-Robbins, Inc. is an American multinational chain of ice cream and cake specialty shops owned by Inspire Brands. Baskin-Robbins was founded in 1945 by Burt Baskin and Irv Robbins in Glendale, California. Its headquarters are in Canton, Massachusetts, and shared with sibling brand Dunkin' Donuts. It is the world's largest chain of ice cream specialty stores, with more than 7,800 locations.

The company is known for its "31 flavors" slogan, with the idea that a customer could have a different flavor every day of any month. The logo includes a stylized "31" formed from the letters "B" and "R". The slogan came from the Carson-Roberts advertising agency (which later merged into Ogilvy & Mather) in 1953. The company has introduced more than 1,400 flavors since 1945, including the addition of vegan and non-dairy flavors in 2019.

Specialty store
A specialty store is a shop/store that carries a deep assortment of brands, styles, or models within a relatively narrow category of goods. Furniture stores, florists, sporting goods stores, and bookstores are all specialty stores. Stores such as Athlete’s Foot (sports shoes only) are considered superspecialty stores. A category killer is a specialty store with a high volume of sales and extensive product selection within its category.

Specialty stores compete with other types of retailers such as supermarkets, showrooms, jewelry, department, wine shop, big box, general, hardware and variety stores.
Osyris compressa
Osyris compressa (Cape sumach or pruimbos) is a facultatively hemiparasitic, mainly South African plant of the sandalwood family, Santalaceae. Until recently, the favoured  binomial name was Colpoon compressum, but around 2001, the genus Colpoon was included in Osyris on the basis of comparative DNA studies.
That assignment is not final, however, and according to the Kew Gardens plant list, Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius, though still in review, is the accepted name.

Santalaceae
The Santalaceae, the sandalwood family, are a family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbers) which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants. Its flowers are often unisexual or bisexual. Modern treatments of the Santalaceae include the family Viscaceae (mistletoes), previously considered distinct. They are widely distributed worldwide, primarily across temperate and tropical regions. Many members of Santalaceae have a long history of human use.
SN-011
SN-011 is an experimental drug which acts as a potent antagonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein. It binds with higher affinity to the cyclic dinucleotide binding pocket of STING than the endogenous activator 2'3'-cGAMP, and thereby prevents STING activation. SN-011 has antiinflammatory and antiviral effects by reducing cytokine signalling, and has potential application in numerous disease states in which inflammation plays a role.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Little Wolf River
The Little Wolf River of Wisconsin is a tributary of the Wolf River, which ultimately flows toward Green Bay, part of Lake Michigan.

The Little Wolf River originates near Galloway in southeast Marathon County and flows into Waupaca County through Big Falls and Manawa and has a dam.  Below Manawa the Little Wolf River passes by Royalton then converges into the Wolf River in eastern Waupaca County.

On July 5, 2024, the Little Wolf River flooded, putting the structural integrity of the Manawa Dam at risk.  The river overtopped the dam, causing the city of Manawa to be flooded and evacuated.

Galloway, Wisconsin
Galloway is an unincorporated community in the Town of Franzen in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on Wisconsin Highway 49, south of Elderon. The community was named for Charles A. Galloway, a partner in a Fond du Lac lumber company. The Galloway post office was established in May, 1904, with Aldolph Torgerson as the first postmaster. The ZIP code is 54432.
Steinkopf, South Africa
Steinkopf is a town in Namakwa District Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.

The town is located about 45 km north-north-west of Springbok. Formerly known as Kookfontein, it was established as a mission station of the London Missionary Society, but was later taken over by the Rhenish Mission. It is named after Karl Steinkopf (de), foreign secretary on the British and Foreign Bible Society.

Steinkopf is the birthplace of Tholwana Mohale, winner of South Africa's Got Talent 2014.

Namakwa District Municipality
The Namakwa District Municipality (Afrikaans: Namakwa-distriksmunisipaliteit) is one of the 5 districts of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The seat of Namakwa is Springbok and the region is also known as Little Namaqualand. As of 2011, a majority of its 108,118 residents speak Afrikaans. The district code is DC6.

Community-based climate-adaptation projects in the district have been supported through the Community Adaptation Small Grants Facility, with Conservation South Africa serving as the Namakwa facilitating agency.