hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
José Ignacio de Cavero y Cárdenas
José Ignacio de Cavero y Cárdenas (29 June 1757 – 17 August 1834) was a New Spain and Colombian lawyer and politician. A Precursor of the Independence of Colombia, as the 4th President of the Supreme Junta of Cartagena de Indias he was a signatory of the declaration of independence of the Cartagena Province from the Viceroyalty of the New Granada and the Kingdom of Spain, establishing a republic based in the concept of separation of powers, and abolishing the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. Cartagena would eventually join with other provinces to create the Republic of Colombia under President Simón Bolívar, and was appointed in 1824 by Vice President Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña to serve as the 3rd Prefect Intendant of the Magdalena River and the Isthmus province, which now encompassed the former province of Cartagena as well as the provinces of Santa Marta, Riohacha, and the Isthmus.

Declaration of independence
A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.
Maureen Coetzee
Maureen Coetzee is a medical entomologist, specialising in African malaria vector mosquitoes for over 40 years. She is currently a Distinguished Professor in the Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology at the University of the Witwatersrand. She is a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa. She is a consultant in the  World Health Organization 's  Global Malaria Programme. She obtained her Doctorate from the University of the Witwatersrand. A subgenus of the Aedes mosquito, Coetzeemyia, was named after her. Also a genus of bacteria strongly associated with malaria mosquitoes, Coetzeea, was named after her. Professor Coetzee has published over 190 peer-reviewed scholarly articles.

Academy of Science of South Africa
The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) is the national science academy in South Africa. It was started in 1996, and encompasses all fields of scientific work. Its legal foundation is the Academy of Science of South Africa Act, Act 67 of 2001, which came into operation in May 2002.

The ASSAf was inaugurated in March 1996 by the former President of South Africa and patron of the academy, Nelson Mandela.

In 2021, the academy had 632 members.
Edward Bhengu
Edward "Sonnyboy" Bhengu (8 November 1934 – 26 December 2010) was a South African activist and founding member of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania.

Edward 'Sonnyboy' Bhengu, also known affectionately as 'Bra Sanza', was the older brother of poet Don Mattera and was imprisoned numerous times for his anti-apartheid activities. He died in Soweto on 26 December 2010 of liver complications.

Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, often shortened to the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), is a South African pan-Africanist political party. It was founded by an Africanist group, led by Robert Sobukwe, that broke away from the African National Congress (ANC) in 1959, as the PAC objected to the ANC's theory that "the land belongs to all who live in it both white and black" and also rejected a multiracialist worldview, instead advocating a South Africa based on African nationalism.
Pythagoras tree (fractal)
The Pythagoras tree is a plane fractal constructed from squares. Invented by the Dutch mathematics teacher Albert E. Bosman in 1942, it is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras because each triple of touching squares encloses a right triangle, in a configuration traditionally used to depict the Pythagorean theorem.
If the largest square has a size of L × L, the entire Pythagoras tree fits snugly inside a box of size 6L × 4L. The finer details of the tree resemble the Lévy C curve.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Rigabad, Eskelabad
Rigabad (Persian: ريگ اباد, also Romanized as Rīgābād) is a village in Eskelabad Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 11 families.

Eskelabad Rural District
Eskelabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسكل آباد) is in the Central District of Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Eskelabad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Deh-e Pabid.
1 Kings 5
1 Kings 5 is the fifth chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE. This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the reign of Solomon over the unified kingdom of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 1 to 11). The focus of this chapter is the reign of Solomon, the king of Israel.

Bruce M. Metzger
Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an American biblical scholar and historian who spent his career at Princeton Theological Seminary. Metzger specialized in textual criticism and Bible translation and chaired committees for the Revised Standard Version and New Revised Standard Version. He served on the board of the American Bible Society and United Bible Societies. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1986. Metzger is often considered among the most influential New Testament scholars of the 20th century.
Psychrophrynella chirihampatu
Psychrophrynella chirihampatu is a species of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru and known only from its type locality, the Japumato Valley in the Peruvian Andes of the Cusco. The common name Japumayo Andes frog has been coined for this species.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
Shlomo Gur
Shlomo Gur (Gerzovsky) (Hebrew: שלמה גור; 1913–2000), founding member of Kibbutz Tel Amal, designed and managed the construction of 57 homa u'migal (tower and stockade settlements) during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. After the establishment of the State of Israel, he was project manager of the Hebrew University, the National Library and the Knesset.

In summer 1936, the expanding Arab revolt endangered the Jewish population of Beit She'an Valley. Concerned with safety and security, Shlomo Gur and other members of Kibbutz Tel Amal built the first homa u'migal settlement. Subsequently, Shlomo Gur consulted Jerusalem architect Yohanan Ratner and was provided with blueprints for the other settlements.

Shlomo Gur was the first director of Israel's Military research department.

Tower
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.

Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building.
Paul Guillaume Farges
Father Paul Guillaume Farges (1844–1912) was a French Catholic missionary, botanist and plant collector, based for much of his life (from 1867) in China, serving at Chongqing from 1892 until his death.

He collected over 4,000 plant specimens, including numerous species new to science, which were sent back to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, where they were named and described by Adrien Franchet.

His name is commemorated in several plants, including Abies fargesii, Corylus fargesii, Decaisnea fargesii, Salix fargesii, and Torreya fargesii. Most notably, the bamboo genus Fargesia is named after him.

Decaisnea fargesii
Decaisnea fargesii, the blue sausage fruit, blue bean shrub, or dead men's fingers, is a member of the family Lardizabalaceae, and is native to Nepal, Tibet and China. It is a deciduous shrub that grows to 4 m tall and broad, but may achieve 8 m (26 ft) eventually.

It has divided leaves up to 90 cm (35 in) long, but its main attraction is the pendant bean-like pods, which appear in autumn, and are an unusual blue-grey colour. It is hardy to −20 °C (−4 °F) or lower and prefers a sheltered position.

The species was first described in 1892 by French botanist Adrien René Franchet.

Both the online Flora of China and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) do not consider this a separate species from Decaisnea insignis, but Plants of the World Online does.
Abydikos
Abydikos (Medieval Greek: ἀβυδικός) was a Byzantine official charged with overseeing maritime traffic.

The term most likely derives from the city of Abydos on the Hellespont, and evidently originally referred to an official responsible for overseeing maritime traffic through the straits there. Helene Ahrweiler suggested that he was the successor of the archon or komes "of the Straits", attested in Late Antiquity; scholars debate whether the office is the same as the "paraphylax of Abydos", which often occurs on seals. Eventually the term was more broadly applied to all officials with similar duties, and abydikoi are attested in Thessalonica, Amisus, Chrepos, and Euripus.

The abydikos was a military official, equivalent to the rank of komes, in the Byzantine navy. The office was often combined with the post of kommerkiarios, a fiscal office responsible for inspecting and taxing commerce. The office survived until the 11th century.

Samsun
Samsun is a city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,382,376. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera house and a large and modern manufacturing district. The city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
Free Culture Forum
The Free Culture Forum (FCForum) was an international meeting of relevant organisations and individuals involved in free culture, digital rights and access to knowledge. It took place in Barcelona every year from 2009 to 2015, jointly with the oXcars, a free culture festival. The oXcars (or OXcars) are a non-competitive awards ceremony held at Sala Apolo in Barcelona, Spain, in October each year. They are a public showcase that puts the spotlight on cultural creation and distribution carried out under the paradigms of shared culture. Through presentations and symbolic mentions of works in a series of categories, real legal situations involving free culture are shown using parody.

David Bravo Bueno
David Bravo Bueno (born 20 February 1978) is a Spanish lawyer specialized in intellectual property rights.
He is well known for his strong defense of the right to make a private copy of copyrighted works, as it is explicitly allowed by the Spanish legislation. He is often requested to participate in TV debates about so-called piracy and p2p file sharing.
Hindaun City railway station
Hindaun City railway station (station code: HAN) is a railway station serving Hindaun City in the state of Rajasthan, India. It comes under the Kota railway division of West Central Railway zone. Hindaun City is a B-Grade station on the Delhi–Mumbai route.

It is located in the Karauli district of Rajasthan State. The station code is HAN and it belongs to Kota Division. Railway stations near Hindaun railway station are Shri Mahabirji and Bayana Jn. Sawai Madhopur is the other railway station near Hindaun.

West Central Railway zone
The West Central Railway (abbreviated WCR), one of the 19 zones of the Indian Railways, came into existence on 1 April 2003. It is headquartered at Jabalpur. It was created by taking away two divisions namely Bhopal division and Jabalpur division from central railways and one division namely Kota division from Western Railway zone. The WCR zone provides rail route coverage to the west central region of India. Most of its route is in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan with a very little portion in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Kate Loye
Kate Loye was born in Tamahere, New Zealand on 15 May 1993 and has represented New Zealand in association football at international level.

Loye was a member of the New Zealand U-17 side at the 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Trinidad and Tobago, and again at the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Japan where they were eliminated at the group stages.

Loye made her senior début as a substitute in a 1–5 loss to Brazil on 1 December 2015.

2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
The 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup was the 6th edition of the tournament. The tournament was played in Japan from 19 August to 8 September with sixteen national football teams and marked the first hosting of a FIFA women's tournament in the country.

The host nation was to be decided on 19 March 2010 but was postponed by FIFA to give bidders more time to prepare their bids.

On 3 March 2011, FIFA initially awarded the World Cup to Uzbekistan. However, on 18 December 2011 FIFA had the tournament stripped from this country for problems with the bid and named Japan as a possible host. Japan was officially announced as host on 8 February 2012.
502nd Brigade (ARBiH)
The 502nd Knightly Mountain Brigade (Bosnian: 502. viteška brdska brigada) was a military brigade during the Bosnian War which operated in the Bihać pocket and was part of the 5th Corps. It was formed on the July 19, 1992, as the Second Bihać Muslim-Croat Infantry Brigade in the settlement Žegar in Bihać. It was named "Muslim-Croat" because there was 1 battalion which was filled with soldiers of the Croat nationality. The brigade was first awarded with title Famous (Slavna) on the 15 April 1993 and later on the 29 June 1995 with title Knightly (Viteška). The first commander of the brigade was Atif Dudaković, who later became the commander of the 5th Corps. While Hamdija Abdić was the commander at the end of the war.

Atif Dudaković
Atif Dudaković (born 2 December 1953) is a retired Bosniak general who served in the Army of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Bosnian War, Dudaković was in command of the Bihać enclave, which was surrounded and besieged from 1992 to 1995, commanding the 5th Corps. After the war he became the general commander of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2018, he was charged with war crimes.
Kai Holst
Kai Christian Middelthon Holst (24 February 1913 – 27 June 1945) was a Norwegian seaman, fur farmer and resistance fighter during World War II. When the leadership of Milorg was torn up by the Gestapo in 1942, he acquired a leading role in the organisation and participated in re-establishing the central leadership (Sentralledelsen, SL) of Milorg together with Jens Christian Hauge. Holst had to flee Norway in the autumn of 1943 and stayed in Sweden until the liberation of Norway in 1945.

Holst is remembered both for his work with the Norwegian resistance and for the circumstances surrounding his death in Stockholm in 1945. Holst's demise was so much talked of at the time that the Milorg leadership issued a statement in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten in July 1945. Swedish and Norwegian authorities officially concluded that Holst committed suicide, but his family and many of his friends and colleagues were of the opinion that Holst was murdered.

Norwegian resistance movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: Motstandsbevegelsen) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms:

Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration

The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture

The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government

Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation

Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance
Sports Backers Stadium
Sports Backers Stadium is a 3,250-seat stadium in Richmond, Virginia, owned by Sports Backers, a local sports organization. The facility was opened in 1999 and has also a running track ("Richard A. Hollander Track") surrounding the field.

Sports Backers Stadium is used throughout the year by various parties including the soccer and track and field teams from Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Union University. The "Marathon Training Team" meets at the stadium every Saturday and Sunday for 23 weeks to prepare runners for the Anthem Richmond Marathon.

The stadium hosted two CAA women's soccer tournament finals, in 2004 and 2005. In the first of them, the VCU Rams women's soccer team won their conference tournament after defeating William & Mary 3–1.

William & Mary Tribe women's soccer
The William & Mary Tribe women's soccer team represents the College of William & Mary in NCAA Division I. The team belongs to the Colonial Athletic Association and plays home games at Albert-Daly Field. The Tribe are currently led by Julie Cunningham Shackford, who has coached since 2018.

Through the 2016 season, the Tribe recorded 36 consecutive winning seasons (in 2017, the streak was broken when the team finished 8–10–2). This is the second longest streak in NCAA history behind only North Carolina. They also hold two NCAA single season records, both of which occurred in 2005: Most ties (9) and most overtime games (11). Their 25 all-time NCAA tournament appearances rank fourth behind only perennial powers North Carolina (33 appearances), Connecticut (29), and Virginia (27).
Calor Gas
Calor is a brand of bottled butane and propane which is available in Britain and Ireland. It comes in cylinders, which have a special gas regulator.

The company was formed in 1935, and is one of the UK's largest suppliers of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is currently servicing around 4 million homes and businesses, supplying LPG to power gas appliances from central heating and hot water, as well as cookers, fires and barbecues. The company predominantly supplies LPG to homes in rural areas where there is no mains natural gas supply. In the United Kingdom, Calor is part of the SHV Gas Group a private Dutch company. Calor originally dealt only with cooking and heating appliances, but now covers a wider range of products for home, business, and automotive fuels.

Such was the company's ubiquity at one point that the term "Calor Gas" became a generic term in the UK for all bottled LPG canisters and LPG-fuelled appliances.

Gas cylinder
A gas cylinder is a pressure vessel for storage and containment of gases at above atmospheric pressure. Gas storage cylinders may also be called bottles. Inside the cylinder the stored contents may be in a state of compressed gas, vapor over liquid, supercritical fluid, or dissolved in a substrate material, depending on the physical characteristics of the contents. A typical gas cylinder design is elongated, standing upright on a flattened or dished bottom end or foot ring, with the cylinder valve screwed into the internal neck thread at the top for connecting to the filling or receiving apparatus.
Na Chuang
Na Chuang (born May 15, 1987) is a Chinese baseball outfielder who plays with the Guangdong Leopards in the China Baseball League.

Na represented China at the 2013 East Asian Games, 2014 Asian Games, 2015 Summer Universiade, 2015 Asian Baseball Championship, 2017 World Baseball Classic and 2018 Asian Games.

Baseball at the 2018 Asian Games
Baseball at the 2018 Asian Games was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 21 August to 1 September 2018. A total of ten teams, the most ever, competed in the competition at two competition venues in Jakarta: Gelora Bung Karno Baseball Field and Rawamangun Baseball Field. The baseball teams of Laos, Sri Lanka and hosts Indonesia made their Asian Games baseball debut. The top six ranked teams, along with the hosts Indonesia (ranked eighth), advanced to the main draw. The bottom three teams competed, with the winner advancing to the main draw.
Gregor Townsend
Gregor Peter John Townsend MBE (born 26 April 1973) is a Scottish professional rugby union coach and former player who has been coaching the Scotland national team since 2017.

Townsend was previously the assistant coach from 2009 to 2012. As a player, he won 82 caps for Scotland and two for the British and Irish Lions. He is a former coach of Glasgow Warriors and was a player-coach for Border Reivers. As well as in Scotland, he played club rugby in Australia, England, France and South Africa. As coach of Scotland, his team won at Twickenham for the first time in 38 years in 2021. Townsend was selected as attack coach for the 2021 British & Irish Lions tour to South Africa.

Townsend was awarded an MBE in 1999 for services to rugby.

Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).