hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meigs County, Tennessee
Meigs County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,758. Its county seat is Decatur.

It is a component of the Athens, Tennessee Micropolitan Area.

Athens, Tennessee
Athens is the county seat of McMinn County, Tennessee, United States and the principal city of the Athens Micropolitan Statistical Area has a population of 53,569.  The city is located almost equidistantly between the major cities of Knoxville and Chattanooga. The population was 14,084 at the 2020 census. The population of the zipcode area is at 23,726
Petit Jean River Bridge (Yell County, Arkansas)
The Petit Jean River Bridge was a historic bridge in rural northeastern Yell County, Arkansas.  It is located north of Ola, and carries County Road 49 across the Petit Jean River.  It was a single-span Pratt through truss, with a truss length of 119 feet (36 m) long, and a total structure length of 159 feet (48 m).  The trusses rest on concrete pillars.  The bridge was 12 feet (3.7 m) wide, allowing for a single lane of traffic.  Built in 1930, it was one of three Pratt truss bridges in the county. On February 1, 2019, the bridge was destroyed by an undertrained trucker who was unable to comprehend the clearly marked weight limits of the structure (15 tons)

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010, and was delisted in 2019.

Ola, Arkansas
Ola is a city in Yell County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Ola had a population of 934. It is roughly 15 miles south of the Russellville Metropolitan area.

As of 2004 it serves as a commercial center in Yell County.
Pseudoliotia pulchella
Pseudoliotia pulchella  is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Liotiidae. Its original name, Cyclostrema bushae, was given for the American malacologist Katherine J. Bush (1855–1937) who had made a revision of Cyclostrema in 1897  It was reassigned to Pseudoliotia in 2018.

Cyclostrema
Cyclostrema is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Liotiidae.

Cyclostrema is a neuter word, but many authors have considered it feminine, including Captain Marryat himself.

A complete revision of the family Liotiidae is under way (2013). Many species, now included in Cyclostrema, will eventually end up outside the family Liotiidae. (pers. comm.)
Gerges
Gerges is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Gerges (born 1987), Lebanese musician and architect

Hesdy Gerges (born 1984), Dutch kickboxer

Fawaz Gerges (born 1958), Lebanese-American academic and author

Patrice Gerges (born 1966), French paralympic athlete

Carl Gerges
Carl Gerges is a Lebanese musician and architect. Gerges has been featured on the cover of L'officiel Levant and on the cover of Architectural Digest Middle East as an architect; and on the Middle East edition of Rolling Stone magazine and GQ Middle East as a musician.
Spasskaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)
Spasskaya (Russian: Спáсская) is a station of the Line 4 of the Saint Petersburg Metro. It is part of the first three-way transfer station that also includes Sadovaya and Sennaya Ploshchad stations. The station was originally scheduled to open in December 2008, but eventually opened on March 7, 2009 because of last-minute repairs to station's transfer escalators.

Until 27 December 2024, Spasskaya was the western terminus of the line. On that day, one-station extension to Gorny Institut was opened. Teatralnaya station is located between Spasskaya and Gorny Institut, however, the exits of that station have not yet been built, and the station is planned for opening in 2027.

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.
Petauridae
Petauridae is a family of possums containing 13 species: four species of trioks and striped possum (genus Dactylopsila), eight species of wrist-winged glider (genus Petaurus), and Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri), which has only vestigial gliding membranes. Most of the wrist-winged gliders are native to Australia, whereas most of the striped possums to New Guinea, but some members of each group are found on both sides of the Torres Strait. Leadbeater's possum is endemic to Victoria, Australia.

Torres Strait
The Torres Strait (/ˈtɒrɪs/), also known as Zenadh Kes (pronounced [ˈzen̪ad̪ kes]), is a strait between Australia and the Melanesian island of New Guinea. It is  150 km (93 mi) wide at its narrowest extent. To the south is Cape York Peninsula, the northernmost extremity of the Australian mainland. To the north is the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. It is named after the Spanish navigator Luís Vaz de Torres, who sailed through the strait in 1606.
Jin Xiangjun
Jin Xiangjun (Chinese: 金湘军; born July 1964) is a Chinese politician who served as the Governor of Shanxi. He was the former deputy party secretary of Tianjin from March 2022 to December 2022 when he was appointed Governor.

He was a delegate to the 11th National People's Congress. He was a representative of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

11th National People's Congress
The 11th National People's Congress (NPC) met for a 5-year term, from 2008 to 2013. It held five annual two week plenary sessions during this period.  It succeeded the 10th National People's Congress. There were 2,987 deputies elected to the 11th Congress in 2008,
Stockade Hill
Stockade Hill, Howick was the location of a stockade built by British settlers to defend from indigenous Māori during the British colonisation of New Zealand. It is located on the main road into Howick, New Zealand.

Howick's war memorial is located in the centre of the remains of the stockade's earthworks which are readily visible today.

Auckland urban route network
The Auckland urban route network consists of strategic and primary arterial roads across the Auckland Region of New Zealand. Urban routes are signposted with white shields with black numbers and borders. To avoid conflict with state highway numbering, there are no urban routes numbered 1, 2, 16, 18, 20, or 22.

Urban route shields are commonly found on signage at motorway interchanges and major urban intersections. The shields are accompanied by supplementary plates with arrows to direct road users along the route. Sometimes more than one urban route shield will be included on a signpost. Freestanding urban route shields are also used between intersections as reassurance that the driver is still following the route.
26 Boötis
26 Boötis is a single star in the northern constellation of Boötes, located 188 light years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a dim, yellow-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.91. This object is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −16.5 km/s.

This is an F-type subgiant star with a stellar classification of F2 IV, which suggests it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and is in the process of evolving into a giant. It is an estimated 1.6 billion years old with 1.46 times the mass of the Sun and 2.43 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 11.6 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,826 K. The rotation rate is moderately high, with a projected rotational velocity of 56 km/s. 26 Boötis is a known source of radio emission.

Stellar core
A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the temperature and pressure conditions allow for energy production through thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This energy in turn counterbalances the mass of the star pressing inward; a process that self-maintains the conditions in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 107 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space.
Terezín - Theresienstadt
Terezín – Theresienstadt is a 2007 recital album by mezzo-soprano Anne Sofie von Otter, her regular pianist Bengt Forsberg and guests. Von Otter is accompanied by baritone Christian Gerhaher in some of the songs and Daniel Hope concludes the disc with Erwin Schulhoff's sonata for solo violin.

Sonata
In music, a sonata (/səˈnɑːtə/; pl. sonate) is a piece that consists of 3 or 4 movements that can be for different musical instruments.: 17  The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance. Sonata is a vague term, with varying meanings depending on the context and time period. By the early 19th century it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas maintain the overarching structure.

The term sonatina, pl. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata.
The African Library
The African Library is a piece of installation art created in 2018 by British-Nigerian artist Yinka Shonibare, based on his previous successful works The British Library and The American Library. It features books wrapped in Dutch wax printed cotton with named of prominent Africans on the spines. Shonibare intended the piece as commentary on the African struggle for liberation in European colonies, and the ability of Africans to be successful post-liberation.

Decolonisation of Africa
The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa between the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War. Colonial governments formed during the Scramble for Africa collapsed, giving way to sovereign states in a process characterised by violence, political upheaval, civil unrest, and organised revolts. Major events during the decolonisation of Africa include the Mau Mau rebellion, the Algerian War, the Congo Crisis, the Angolan War of Independence, the Zanzibar Revolution, and the events leading to the Nigerian Civil War.
Marie-Élisabeth Joly
Marie-Élisabeth Joly (1761 – 1798), was a French stage actress.

She was engaged at the Comédie-Française in 1781. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1783.

She had a successful career and was particularly noted for her roles as a soubrette. She was popular among the audience and her premature death from a chest infection aroused much public sympathy.

Comédie-Française
The Comédie-Française (French: [kɔmedi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ⓘ), or Théâtre-Français (French: [teɑtʁ(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ] ⓘ), is a state theatre in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is one of the few in the nation and the only to have its own permanent troupe of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu, a part of the Palais-Royal complex located at 2 Rue de Richelieu on Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République, and popularly as "La Maison de Molière" (The House of Molière). It acquired the latter name from the troupe of its best-known playwright, Molière, considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before his troupe became known as the Comédie-Française, but the company continued to be known as "La Maison de Molière" even after the official change of name.
Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional
National Higher Education Fund Corporation (Malay: Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional), abbreviated PTPTN, is an authority responsible for giving study loans to students pursuing tertiary education in Malaysia. This agency is placed under the Ministry of Higher Education.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Operation New Arrivals
Operation New Arrivals (April 29 – September 16, 1975) was the relocation of 130,000 Vietnamese refugees from Pacific island staging areas to the United States.

Following the South-Vietnamese evacuation during the Fall of Saigon, Operation New Life, and Babylift at the end of the Vietnam War, refugees were relocated to the United States to begin assimilation and resettlement into American society.  251 C-141 and C-130 flights and 349 commercial flights airlifted the refugees to camps around the United States.
These camps consisted of Camp Pendleton, California (opened April 29), Fort Chaffee, Arkansas (opened May 2), Eglin Air Force Base, Florida (opened May 4), and Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania (opened May 28).  The operation relocated, supported and sheltered the refugees until civilian agencies were able to resettle them.

Emergency evacuation
An emergency evacuation is an immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property.

Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to a storm or fire to the large-scale evacuation of a city because of a flood, bombardment or approaching weather system, especially a tropical cyclone. In situations involving hazardous materials or possible contamination, evacuees may be decontaminated prior to being transported out of the contaminated area. Evacuation planning is an important aspect to mitigate the impact of disasters on humans. Today there many evacuation models to simulate this process for small-scale and large-scale situations.
Saussurea obvallata
Saussurea obvallata, commonly known as Brahmakamal, is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae. It is native to the Alpine meadows of the Himalayas, in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and southwest China at altitudes of 3,700 to 4,600 m.

Southwestern China
Southwestern China (Chinese: 西南; pinyin: Xīnán) is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial administrative regions, namely Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
Pandora (spacecraft)
Pandora is a NASA small satellite space telescope designed to study the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets (exoplanets that pass in front of their host stars). Pandora will also help identify exoplanet targets worthy of more in-depth atmospheric studies by JWST and future space telescopes designed to search for signs of life. The spacecraft launched on January 11, 2026 aboard a SpaceX rideshare mission "Twilight" into a Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit to carry out about one year of science operations.

Sun-synchronous orbit
A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), also called a heliosynchronous orbit, is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time. More technically, it is an orbit arranged so that it precesses through one complete revolution each year, so it always maintains the same relationship with the Sun.
Justice Bao (2010 TV series)
Justice Bao is a Chinese TV series starring producer Jin Chao-chun as the Song dynasty official Bao Zheng. The series ran for 3 seasons from 2010 to 2012. In addition to Jin, Kenny Ho, Fan Hung-hsuan and Lung Lung again reprise their iconic roles from the 1993 Taiwanese hit Justice Pao and the 2008 Chinese series Justice Bao.

Kenny Ho
Kenny Ho Kar-king (born 29 December 1959) is a Hong Kong actor and singer. He was best known for his role as Zhan Zhao in the Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese television series Justice Bao from 1993 to 2012, and is also known for his roles in other films and series. Ho is currently a businessman.
Majaz al Bab
Majaz al Bab (Arabic: مجاز الباب), also known as Medjez el Bab, or as Membressa under the Roman Empire, is a town in northern Tunisia. It is located at the intersection of roads GP5 and GP6, in the Plaine de la Medjerda.

It has been a titular see of the Catholic Church since 1933.

Medjerda River
The Medjerda River (Arabic: وادي مجردة), the classical Bagradas, is a river in North Africa flowing from northeast Algeria through Tunisia before emptying into the Gulf of Tunis and Lake of Tunis. With a length of 450 km (280 mi), it is the longest river of Tunisia. It is also known as the Wadi Majardah or Mejerda (French: Oued Majardah).
Betty Niccoli
Betty Jo Niccoli (born October 9, 1943) is an American former female professional wrestler. She wrestled in the United States, Canada, and Japan. She was also influential in helping lift the ban of women's wrestling in the state of New York.

Women's professional wrestling
Professional wrestling is a dramatic enactment of wrestling as a spectator sport. As is the norm for this sport, women's professional wrestling is organized by wrestling federations called promotions. Some promotions are exclusively for women, while others have separate divisions for women. Among the nations that have women's professional wrestling are Australia, Bolivia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Lederman
Lederman or Ledermann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barbara Ledermann (born 1925), Holocaust survivor

Ben Lederman (born 2000), Polish footballer

D. Ross Lederman (1894-1972), American B-film director

Dr. Gilbert "Gil" Lederman, physician, talk radio host, and proponent of radiosurgery, notoriously sued by the estate of George Harrison (for breaching Harrison's privacy and for forcing Harrison to sign a guitar)

Harold Lederman (1940–2019), American boxing judge and analyst

Jean-Marc Lederman, Belgian music composer

Leon M. Lederman (1922-2018), Nobel laureate in physics

Marty Lederman, Visiting Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center

Sanne Ledermann (1928–1943), victim of the Holocaust

Susan Lederman, Canadian experimental psychologist

Walter Ledermann (1911-2009), mathematician

William Lederman (1916-1992), Canadian constitutional scholar and the first dean of Queen's University Faculty of Law

Marty Lederman
Martin "Marty" S. Lederman is the former Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), appointed by President Obama in January 2009.  He previously served as an Attorney Advisor in OLC from 1994 to 2002.  He has concentrated on questions involving freedom of speech, the Religion Clauses, congressional power and federalism, equal protection, separation of powers, copyright, and food and drug law.

Lederman helped draft the June 2010 memorandum authorizing the assassination of U.S. citizen and Islamic cleric Anwar al-Awlaki.. Lederman wrote an amicus curiae brief that was described as leading the U.S. Supreme Court to decline an application for stay by the second Trump administration of a lower court ruling. The lower court had ruled against the administrations actions in Operation Midway Blitz.
Justin MacCarthy
Justin MacCarthy  was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the second half of the 19th century.

MacCarthy was born in County Cork, educated at Trinity College, Dublin. and ordained in 1851. After curacies in Cullen and Cork, he was the incumbent at Castleventry from 1870. He was Archdeacon of Ross from 1870

Cullen, County Cork
Cullen (Irish: Cuillinn) is a small village and civil parish in County Cork, Ireland, situated north west of Millstreet town, in the barony of Duhallow. It is about four miles east of the Kerry border and Rathmore village. St. Laitiaran's Well can be found in the area. Cullen is within the Dáil constituency of Cork North-West.

The local Gaelic Athletic Association club, Cullen GAA, fields Gaelic football teams in the Duhallow divisional competitions. The former Minister for Education, Batt O'Keeffe, and poet and academic Bernard O'Donoghue are from the area.

The Cullen Pipe Band, founded in the 1940s and based in the village, has participated in national and international competitions.
Myenteric plexus
The myenteric plexus (or Auerbach's plexus) provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscular layer of the gut, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input (although present ganglion cell bodies belong to parasympathetic innervation, fibers from sympathetic innervation also reach the plexus), whereas the submucous plexus provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut.

Like other enteric neurons, myenteric neurons are derived from the vagal neural crest.  The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility.

According to preclinical studies, 30% of myenteric plexus' neurons are enteric sensory neurons, thus Auerbach's plexus has also a sensory component.

Lumen (anatomy)
In biology, a lumen (pl.: lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine. It comes from Latin  lumen 'an opening'.

It can refer to:

the interior of a vessel, such as the central space in an artery, vein or capillary through which blood flows

the interior of the gastrointestinal tract

the pathways of the bronchi in the lungs

the interior of renal tubules and urinary collecting ducts

the pathways of the female genital tract, starting with a single pathway of the vagina, splitting up in two lumina in the uterus, both of which continue through the fallopian tubes

the fluid-filled cavity forming in the blastocyst during pre-implantation development called the blastocoel

In cell biology, lumen is a membrane-defined space that is found inside several organelles, cellular components, or structures, including thylakoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondrion, and microtubule.
Electoral district of Carnarvon
Carnarvon was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland that existed from 1873 to 1992.

The district took in rural areas in southern Queensland, including the towns of Stanthorpe and Goondiwindi.

Stanthorpe, Queensland
Stanthorpe is a rural town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Stanthorpe had a population of 5,286 people.

The area surrounding the town is known as the Granite Belt.