hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deathtrap (plot device)
A deathtrap is a literary and dramatic plot device in which a villain who has captured the hero or another sympathetic character attempts to use an elaborate, improbable, and usually sadistic method of murdering them.

It is often used as a means to create dramatic tension in the story and to have the villain reveal important information to the hero, confident that the hero will shortly not be able to use it. It may also be a means to show the hero's resourcefulness in escaping, or the writer's ingenuity at devising a last-minute rescue or deus ex machina.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
Ellen Jorgensen
Ellen D. Jorgensen (born 2 June 1955) is a New York-based molecular biologist and serial entrepreneur. In addition to her long career in the biotechnology industry she is also credited with playing a leading role in promoting the do-it-yourself biology movement where she has worked to increase scientific literacy in the general population, particularly in the fields of molecular and synthetic biology.  She is a co-founder of both non-profit (Biotech Without Borders and Genspace. ) and for-profit (Aanika Biosciences) biotechnology-based companies. In 2017, Ellen Jorgensen was named one of the Most Creative Leaders in Business by Fast Company. Her current focus is on combating climate change through her role as Vice President of Biotechnology at CarbonBridge, a biotech startup that uses bacteria to remove environmental methane and create liquid fuel.

Fast Company
Fast Company is an American business magazine published monthly in print and online, focusing on technology, business, and design. Founded in 1995, it releases six print issues annually, in addition to various ranking lists, podcasts, newsletters, and paid communities of business executives. As of 2025, Fast Company attracts millions of monthly readers. It is owned by Mansueto Ventures.
Chernoff
Chernoff may be either a Jewish surname, meaning "descendant of Charna" or a German-language transliteration of the Russian surname Chernov. Notable people with the surname include:

Herman Chernoff (born 1923), American applied mathematician, statistician and physicist

Maxine Chernoff (born 1952), American novelist, writer, poet, academic and literary magazine editor

Mike Chernoff (disambiguation), multiple people

Paul Chernoff (1942–2017), American mathematician

Herman Chernoff
Herman Chernoff (born July 1, 1923) is an American applied mathematician, statistician and physicist. He was formerly a professor at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Stanford, and MIT, currently emeritus at Harvard University.
United Kingdom in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003
The United Kingdom participated in the inaugural Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003, which was held on 15 November 2003 in Copenhagen, Denmark. National broadcaster ITV was responsible for their participation and organised a national final to select the British entry. Ultimately, Tom Morley was selected with "My Song for the World".

Tom Morley performed twelfth in the running order, following the entry from Belgium and preceding the entry from Denmark. The United Kingdom finished in third position with 118 points.

Belgium in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Belgium has been represented in every Junior Eurovision Song Contest before withdrawing in 2013. The Belgian participating broadcaster in the contest was Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF) between 2003 and 2005, and Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT) between 2006 and 2012. Their best result was in 2009, when "Zo verliefd" by Laura Omloop came 4th. Their worst result was in 2007, with "Anders" by Trust coming 15th.
2025 Darul Uloom Haqqania bombing
On 28 February 2025, a suicide bombing targeted the Darul Uloom Haqqania seminary in Akora Khattak, Nowshera District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The attack occurred during Friday prayers, claiming the lives of at least eight individuals, including the seminary's head and prominent cleric Hamid Ul Haq Haqqani, while injuring approximately 20 others including Abdul Haq Sani Haqqani.

Nowshera District
Nowshera District (Pashto: نوښار ولسوالۍ‎, Urdu: ضلع نوشہرہ) is a district in the Peshawar Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The capital and district headquarter is Nowshera city.
Tomb of Pir Palandouz
The Tomb of Pir Palandouz (Persian: آرامگاه پیر پالاندوز; Arabic: ضريح بير بالاندوز) is a mausoleum and tomb complex, located in Mashhad, in the province of Razavi Khorasan, Iran. The complex was completed in 1577 CE, during the Safavid era.

The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 25 April 1977, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts
The Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Iran (Persian: وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی ایران, romanized: Vezârat-e Mirâs-e Farhangi, Gardeshgari va Sanâye'-e Dasti-ye Irân) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. It is administered and funded by the Government of Iran.

It was first established in 1985 by legislation from the Majlis merging 11 research and cultural organizations. In 2019, the Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO) was converted into the Ministry. The current Minister has been Reza Salehi Amiri since 21 August 2024.
William Harrison (Canadian politician)
William Harrison (May 10, 1834 – March 2, 1922) was a harness and saddle maker who served as the second reeve of Richmond Hill, Ontario, in 1874.  He was the community's first historian.

Born in Bath, England, his family moved to a farm north of Richmond Hill in 1843.  After the death of his father a mere nine months after the family arrived in Canada, the family moved into the Richmond Hill community. Harrison opened a saddle and harness maker's shop in Richmond Hill in 1856.  In Richmond Hill, Harrison took an active role in society.  He was involved in organising the community's first fire brigade.  He was a founding member of the Richmond Hill Mechanics' Institute and Literary Society.  Harrison closed his shop in 1908.

Harrison was elected reeve of the village of Richmond Hill in 1874.  He served on the Richmond Hill Village Council only a single year, and was replaced in 1875 by William Trench.

Richmond Hill City Council
Richmond Hill City Council is the governing body for the Canadian city of Richmond Hill, Ontario. Council serves a four-year term, after which a new council is elected by qualified electors in Richmond Hill. Richmond Hill City Council consists of a Mayor, six Ward Councillors and two Regional and Local Councillors. The mayor and the regional and local councillors additionally serve on the York Regional Council representing the interests of the residents of Richmond Hill.

The mayor serves as the leader of council, presiding over meetings to maintain order, and calling special meetings when needed. The mayor and councillors both propose, oversee the administration and finances of Richmond Hill and direction the operations of the city's departments, as well as meeting with residents and government agencies to discuss issues relevant to Richmond Hill and its residents.
Crustospathula amazonica
Crustospathula amazonica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in South America, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot, Marcela Cáceres, and Einar Timdal. The type specimen was collected by the first two authors from the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho (Rondônia, Brazil), where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree in a primary rainforest. It also occurs in French Guiana and Peru, and tends to grow in association with lichens of the genus Porina and with thelotremoid members of the family Graphidaceae. The lichen has a film-like, green thallus consisting of fine, aggregated granules; no prothallus is present. Soredia (measuring 15–20 μm in diameter) are whitish, roughly spherical, and occur at the tips of cartilaginous stalks up to 3 mm tall.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
Langmuir circulation
In physical oceanography, Langmuir circulation consists of a series of shallow, slow, counter-rotating vortices at the ocean's surface aligned with the wind.
These circulations are developed when wind blows steadily over the sea surface. 
Irving Langmuir discovered this phenomenon after observing windrows of seaweed in the Sargasso Sea in 1927.
Langmuir circulations circulate within the mixed layer; however, it is not yet so clear how strongly they can cause mixing at the base of the mixed layer.

Daphnia
Daphnia is a genus of small planktonic crustaceans,  0.2–6.0 mm (0.01–0.24 in) in length. Daphnia are members of the order Anomopoda, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because their saltatory swimming style resembles the movements of fleas. Daphnia spp. live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes and ponds.

The two most commonly found species of Daphnia are D. pulex (small and most common) and D. magna (large). They are often associated with a related genus in the order Cladocera: Moina, which is in the Moinidae group instead of the Daphniidae, and is much smaller than D. pulex (roughly half the maximum length).
Mount Gilliland
Mount Gilliland, is a 1,940-metre (6,365 ft) mountain in the Solitude Range, a subrange of the Misinchinka Ranges of the Hart Ranges in northern British Columbia, Canada.

Named for Canadian Army Battery Quartermaster Sergeant Norman Walter Gilliland, originally from Bowden, Alberta but enlisted at Dawson Creek, British Columbia; serving with 3 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, attached to the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division when he died 29 September 1944, age 44. He is buried in Wijnegem Communal Cemetery, Belgium.

Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (French: Le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne), formerly and commonly known as the Royal Canadian Artillery, is the artillery personnel branch of the Canadian Army.
Levant Battery
Levant Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on Windmill Hill, at the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, below observation post Fire Control South. It was named after the Levanter cloud, below which it perched, giving it an unobstructed view. Construction started in 1901 and, by 1903, a 9.2-inch Mark X breech-loading gun had been mounted. The battery was decommissioned in the 1970s and the gun was later removed, to rest in a scrap yard. A community group has been formed to garner support for the gun's recovery and restoration.

Disarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or a specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear arms. General and Complete Disarmament was defined by the United Nations General Assembly as the elimination of all weapons of mass destruction, coupled with the “balanced reduction of armed forces and conventional armaments, based on the principle of undiminished security of the parties with a view to promoting or enhancing stability at a lower military level, taking into account the need of all States to protect their security.”
Onder de Boompjes
Onder de Boompjes was a restaurant located in Hattem Castle in Roermond, in the Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1999 and retained that rating until 2004.

Owner and head chef of Onder de Boompjes was René Brienen.

The restaurant was originally located on Irenestraat 1 in Overloon but moved in April 2002 to Hattem Castle in Roermond.

The restaurant closed down in 2004, due to bankruptcy.

Overloon
Overloon is a village with 3,626 inhabitants on the outskirts of the Peel region, in the former municipality of Boxmeer, North Brabant. Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Land van Cuijk.

Located on the outskirts is the National Museum of War and Resistance of the Netherlands, which originated as a museum for a World War II battle (Battle of Overloon) that occurred around the village from  30 September to 18 October 1944. The village is located close to the A73 motorway between Venlo and Nijmegen.
That's Britain!
That's Britain! is a 2011 British television series which takes a light-hearted look at aspects of modern life which frustrate and infuriate people. Presented by Nick Knowles and Julia Bradbury the series first aired on BBC One at 8pm from 23 November to 14 December 2011. The first series comprises four episodes.

Topics covered in the show centre on every day issues, such as hospital parking charges, roadworks and overcrowded trains, with subjects being investigated by celebrity guests. For example, in the first episode the television presenter Grainne Seoige took a look at junk mail and comedian Ade Edmondson reported on the process of handling airport luggage. Another feature of the programme is Talk to the Wall whereby viewers are invited to contact the show with the topics which most annoy them. The most popular are then displayed on a wall in the form of a word cloud.

Tag cloud
A tag cloud (also known as a word cloud or weighted list in visual design) is a visual representation of text data which is often used to depict keyword metadata on websites, or to visualize free form text. Tags are usually single words, and the importance of each tag is shown with font size or color. When used as website navigation aids, the terms are hyperlinked to items associated with the tag.
Jailor (1958 film)
Jailor is a 1958 Hindi psychosocial melodrama film produced and directed by Sohrab Modi.

The film was a remake of Modi's earlier Jailor (1938). The production company was Minerva Movietone, with story and dialogue written by Kamal Amrohi. The additional dialogue was by O. P. Dutta and screenplay by J. K. Nanda. Music for the film was composed by Madan Mohan with lyrics by Rajendra Krishan.

Sohrab Modi cast himself once again in the title role of the Jailor. The film co-starred Kamini Kaushal, Geeta Bali, Abhi Bhattacharya, Daisy Irani, Nana Palsikar, Eruch Tarapore and Pratima Devi.

The story involved a Jailor played by Modi, whose wife Kamal (Kamini Kaushal) elopes with Dr. Ramesh, enacted by Abhi Bhattacharya, turning him into a bitter and tyrannical misogynist.

Kamal Amrohi
Syed Amir Haider Kamal Naqvi (17 January 1918 – 11 February 1993), popularly known as Kamal Amrohi, was an Indian film director and screenwriter. He was also an Urdu and Hindi poet.

His Hindi films include Mahal (1949), Pakeezah (1972) and Razia Sultan (1983). He established Kamal Pictures (Mahal Films) in 1953 and Kamalistan Studio in Bombay in 1958.
Jacob Heyward
Jacob August Heyward (born August 1, 1995) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and current coach. He played college baseball at the University of Miami. He was selected by the San Francisco Giants in the 18th round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft, and played with the organization through the 2022 season. Following the end of his playing career, Heyward remained with the Giants as a minor league coach.

Scottsdale Scorpions
The Scottsdale Scorpions are a baseball team that plays in the East Division of the Arizona Fall League. They play their home games in Scottsdale, Arizona, at Scottsdale Stadium, which is also the spring training facility of the San Francisco Giants. The team was established in 1992 and has retained the Scorpions nickname through several location changes. The Scorpions have won three league championships, most recently in 2015.
Shin Hpa of Pagan
Shin Hpa (Burmese: ရှင်ဘား, pronounced [ʃɪ̀ɴ pʰá]) was a queen consort of King Narathihapate of the Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). She was the mother of King Kyawswa of Pagan; the paternal grandmother of King Uzana I of Pinya and Queen Saw Hnaung of Sagaing; and a great grandmother of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava. Through Uzana, she was an ancestor of Toungoo kings Mingyi Nyo, Tabinshwehti and Nanda. Through Saw Hnaung, she was an ancestor of Sagaing kings from Kyaswa to Tarabya II as well as King Thado Minbya of Ava. Through Swa Saw Ke, she was an ancestor of Ava kings from Swa to Thihathu, as well as Toungoo kings from Bayinnaung to Mahadhammaraza Dipadi.

Saw Hnaung of Sagaing
Saw Hnaung (Burmese: စောနှောင်း, pronounced [sɔ́ n̥áʊɴ]; also known as Kodawgyi) was the Chief queen consort of kings Saw Yun and Tarabya I of Sagaing. She was the mother of three kings of Sagaing: Kyaswa, Nawrahta Minye and Tarabya II, and the maternal grandmother of King Thado Minbya, the founder of Ava. She was also a paternal aunt of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava.
Usas Escarpment
Usas Escarpment (76°0′S 130°0′W﻿ / ﻿76.000°S 130.000°W﻿ / -76.000; -130.000) is an expansive but discontinuous north-facing escarpment in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. 
It is about 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) long, extending roughly west to east along the 76th parallel south from where the elevation of the snow surface descends toward the Ruppert Coast and Hobbs Coast. 
The position of the escarpment coincides with the north slopes of the Flood Range, Ames Range, McCuddin Mountains, and the eastern peaks of Mount Galla, Mount Aldaz and Benes Peak.

Marie Byrd Land
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica. With an area of 1,610,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.

The territory lies in West Antarctica, east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean portion of the Antarctic or Southern Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast. It stretches between 158°W and 103°24'W. The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon Byrd's exploration.
Paris Historic District
Paris Historic District is a national historic district located at Paris, Fauquier County, Virginia.  It encompasses 53 contributing resources in the rural village of Paris.  The district includes primarily residences, although the district also includes some commercial buildings, churches, a former school, and a
cemetery. Fifty-two of the 53 contributing resources are already listed as part of the Crooked Run Valley Rural Historic District.  Notable buildings include "Wagoner's Stand" (c. 1820), the Josiah Murray House (c. 1820), the William Peck House, Old Paris Meeting House (c. 1830), the Willis-Carr House (c. 1840), the former Rogers Store (c. 1850), and Trinity United Methodist Church (1892).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Fauquier County, Virginia
Fauquier County /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a United States county located on the Piedmont plateau of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Northern Virginia region, Fauquier is included in the Washington metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 72,972. The county seat is the large historic town of  Warrenton.

The county was created in 1759 from part of Prince William County and was named in honor of Francis Fauquier, the administrative head of Virginia Colony at the time.  Fauquier hosts the Virginia Gold Cup, which, having started in 1922, is one of the longest running steeplechase horse race events in the United States.
Mary Barnes (artist)
Mary Edith Barnes (9 February 1923 – 29 June 2001) was an English artist and writer with schizophrenia and became a successful painter. She is particularly known for  documenting her experience at R. D. Laing's experimental therapeutic community at Kingsley Hall, London.
She is referenced in the book The Psychopath Test by Jon Ronson and Thomas Szasz's Schizophrenia.

Jon Ronson
Jon Ronson (born 10 May 1967) is a British-American journalist, author, and filmmaker. He is known for works such as Them: Adventures with Extremists (2001), The Men Who Stare at Goats (2004), and The Psychopath Test (2011).

He has been described as a gonzo journalist, becoming a faux-naïf character in his stories. He produces informal but sceptical investigations of controversial fringe politics and science. He has published nine books and his work has appeared in publications such as The Guardian, City Life and Time Out. He has made several BBC Television documentary films and two documentary series for Channel 4.
Sex Education series 1
The first series of the British teen sex comedy drama programme Sex Education premiered with all episodes on 11 January 2019 on Netflix. The series follows the lives of the teenagers and adults in the fictional town of Moordale as they contend with various personal dilemmas, often related to sexual intimacy. The series stars an ensemble cast that includes Asa Butterfield, Gillian Anderson, Ncuti Gatwa, Emma Mackey, Connor Swindells, Kedar Williams-Stirling, Alistair Petrie, Mimi Keene, Aimee Lou Wood, Simone Ashley, Tanya Reynolds, Patricia Allison and Mikael Persbrandt. The programme was renewed for a second series in February 2019.

Tanya Reynolds
Tanya Louise Reynolds (born 4 November 1991) is an English actress. She landed her first major role as a series regular on the Sky 1 comedy-drama Delicious (2016–2019). Reynolds portrayed Lily Iglehart on the Netflix comedy-drama Sex Education (2019–2023), where she was a part of the main cast in the first three seasons. Other credits include Outlander (2017), Death in Paradise (2017), Emma (2020), Dodger (2022), The Baby (2022), I Hate You (2022), and The Decameron (2024).

In 2024, she was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, for her performance in the play A Mirror at the Trafalgar Theatre.
Patrick Rocek
Patrick Rocek (born 29 December 1998) is an Italian world champion rower.  He won the 2022 world championship title in the Italian men's lightweight quad scull after earlier winning gold that season at the 2022 European Rowing Championships.

2022 European Rowing Championships
The 2022 European Rowing Championships were held from 11 to 14 August 2022 in Oberschleißheim, near Munich, Germany, as part of the multi-sport 2022 European Championships.

The event constituted 19 events in rowing and 4 in pararowing.