hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crime opportunity theory
Crime opportunity theory suggests that offenders make rational choices and thus choose targets that offer a high reward with little effort and risk. The occurrence of a crime depends on two things: the presence of at least one motivated offender who is ready and willing to engage in a crime, and the conditions of the environment in which that offender is situated, to wit, opportunities for crime. All crimes require opportunity but not every opportunity is followed by crime. Similarly, a motivated offender is necessary for the commission of a crime but not sufficient. A large part of this theory focuses on how variations in lifestyle or routine activities affect the opportunities for crime.

Opportunity thus becomes the limiting factor that determines the outcome in environments prone to crime because the offender generally has little or no control over the conditions of the environment and the conditions that permit particular crimes are often rare, unlikely, or preventable.

Crime of opportunity
A crime of opportunity is a crime that is committed without planning when the perpetrator sees that they have the chance to commit the act at that moment and seizes it. Such acts have little or no premeditation.
Dijkgraaf (official)
A dijkgraaf (lit. 'dike-warden, dike-reeve'), sometimes called a watergraaf, is the chair of a Dutch water board. The dijkgraaf is the equivalent of a mayor in local government and a King's Commissioner in provincial government, chairing both the legislative and executive council, while having both ceremonial and representational roles as well as their own portfolios. The term goes back to medieval days.

Literally the term means "Dike count", like other titles ending in -graaf (equivalent to English: -grave and German: -graf) of feudal origin, but remained a functional official. The government bodies in the Netherlands today in order of rank are:

National

Provincial

Water boards

Municipal.

In medieval times and earlier however, the water boards were the same as municipal, and since it was a country of duchies, the Water board (Waterschap) was in governmental terms the equivalent of a city (Stad), and thus also the highest form of government.

Margrave
In the German nobility, margrave was a rank equivalent to marquess. It originated as the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empire and the title came to be borne by rulers of some Imperial principalities until the abolition of the Empire in 1806 (e.g., Margrave of Brandenburg, Margrave of Baden). Thereafter, those domains (originally known as marks or marches, later as margraviates or margravates) were absorbed into larger realms or the titleholders adopted titles indicative of full sovereignty.
Gérard Chasseguet
Gérard Chasseguet (11 March 1930 – 10 July 2025) was a French politician of the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR) and the Rally for the Republic (RPR).

A signatory of the Appel des 43 in support of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in the 1974 presidential election, he served in the National Assembly from 1973 to 1993. He was also mayor of Dissay-sous-Courcillon from 1995 to 2001 and from 2008 to 2014 and represented the Canton of Sillé-le-Guillaume in the General Council of Sarthe from 1976 to 1988.

Chasseguet died on 10 July 2025, at the age of 95.

Canton of Sillé-le-Guillaume
The canton of Sillé-le-Guillaume is an administrative division of the Sarthe department, northwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Sillé-le-Guillaume.

It consists of the following communes:
Meredith graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Meredith graph is a 4-regular undirected graph with 70 vertices and 140 edges discovered by Guy H. J. Meredith in 1973.

The Meredith graph is 4-vertex-connected and 4-edge-connected, has chromatic number 3, chromatic index 5, radius 7, diameter 8, girth 4 and is non-Hamiltonian. It has book thickness 3 and queue number 2.

Published in 1973, it provides a counterexample to the Crispin Nash-Williams conjecture that every 4-regular 4-vertex-connected graph is Hamiltonian. However, W. T. Tutte showed that all 4-connected planar graphs are hamiltonian.

The characteristic polynomial of the Meredith graph is .

Queue number
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the queue number of a graph is a graph invariant defined analogously to stack number (book thickness) using first-in first-out (queue) orderings in place of last-in first-out (stack) orderings.
Rachid Bourabia
Rachid Bourabia (born 22 March 1985) is a French former footballer who played as a midfielder.

He previously played for Mons and Lierse in Belgium, and Dijon FCO and AS Beauvais Oise in the French Championnat National, making two appearances in Ligue 2.

Championnat National
The Championnat National (English: French National Championship), commonly referred to as simply National or Division 3, is the third division of the French football league system behind Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. Contested by 18 clubs, the Championnat National operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Ligue 2 and the Championnat National 2, the fourth division of French football.

Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 34 games each, totalling 306 games in the season. Most games are played on Fridays and Saturdays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January.
Schistura carbonaria
Schistura carbonaria is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus Schistura. It is found in central Vietnam in some coastal drainage systems, from the Ve River to the Qang Tri River, and the River Xe Kong, in the Xe Kong its range may extend into Laos. It can be found in medium-sized rivers and streams which have a strong current over a substrate of rocks and gravel.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Karelides
The Karelides are an ancient mountain chain located between Eastern Finland and Lapland. It forms the current hill zone of Eastern Finland and Lapland's arctic hills, splitting central Finland. The Karelides formed about two billion years ago, when thick sandstone formations were tilted and folded during an orogeny involving a collision of continental plates. Subsequent erosion has left a ridge of resistant quartzite, which has stood there for millions of years. The Karelides were once around 4km high but have been all but eroded to the point where only a peneplain remains.

The mountains in the north-west corner of Finnish Lapland belong to the more recent Scandinavian Mountains and are higher than other Finnish mountains. The third mountain group is the Svecofennides, which run from Southern Finland to Sweden.

Southern Finland Province
Southern Finland (Finnish: Etelä-Suomen lääni, Swedish: Södra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia.
2019 UCI World Championships
There are several 2019 UCI World Championships. The International Cycling Union (UCI) holds World Championships every year. For 2019, this includes:

2019 UCI Road World Championships

2019 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

2019 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships

2019 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships

2019 UCI BMX World Championships

2019 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships

2019 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships
The 2019 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships was held in Mont-Sainte-Anne, Canada, from August 28 to September 1, 2019. This was the 30th edition of the most prestigious mountain bike event on the calendar, held annually since 1990, and the senior and under-23 cross-country races also functioned as a qualifier for the cross-country race at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Divyadharsanam
Divyadharsanam is a 1973 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Sasikumar. The film stars Bahadoor, Sankaradi, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair and Adoor Bhasi. The film had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan.

Sankaradi
Paravoor memana Kanakku Chembakaraman Parameswaran Chandrashekara Menon, better known by his screen name Sankaradi (14 July 1924 – 8 October 2001), was an Indian actor. He was a veteran Malayalam comedian and character artist, who had over 700 Malayalam films to his credit. He dominated the Malayalam film scene in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s as a comedian along with Adoor Bhasi and Bahadoor. Later, he switched to character roles.
John Keith McCarthy
John Keith McCarthy CBE (20 January 1905 – 29 October 1976) was an Australian public servant in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. He rose to become Director of Agriculture, also serving as a member of the Legislative Council and House of Assembly. In Papua New Guinea, he was known as 'Papa Bilong Ol' (Everybody's Father).

House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea
The House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea was the legislature of the territory of Papua and New Guinea from 1964 to 1975. Before 1964, the Legislative Council of Papua and New Guinea sat from 1951 to 1964 under the Papua and New Guinea Act 1949. After independence in 1975, the legislature was renamed from the House of Assembly of Papua New Guinea to the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea.

From 1884 to 1902, Papua or British New Guinea was administered by Britain and then transferred to direct rule by Australia under the Papua Act 1906. Australian rule was interrupted during World War II.
Francis D. Nichol
Francis David Nichol (February 14, 1897 – June 6, 1966) was a Seventh-day Adventist editor, of the church's main newsmagazine, and supervising editor of the Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, author, and also chairman of the Ellen G. White Estate board of trustees, and considered the leading twentieth-century apologist for the prophetic ministry of Ellen G. White. In 1965, Walter Martin described him as "the most able Adventist apologist."

Apologetics
Apologetics (from Ancient Greek  ἀπολογία (apología) 'speech in defense') is the religious discipline of  defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called Christian apologists. In 21st-century usage, apologetics is often identified with debates over religion and theology.
Karpov
Karpov (masculine, Russian: Карпов) or Karpova (feminine, Russian: Карпова) is a Russian surname of the Karpov family. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Karpov (1917–1944), Soviet ace, double Hero of the Soviet Union

Andriy Karpov (born 1987), Ukrainian motorcyclist

Anatoly Karpov (born 1951), Russian chess grandmaster, Undisputed World Chess Champion 1975–85, and FIDE World Chess Champion 1993–99

Dmitriy Karpov (born 1981), Kazakhstani athlete, husband of Irina

Elena Karpova (born 1980), Russian basketball player

Irina Karpova (born 1980), Kazakhstani athlete, wife of Dmitriy

Lev Iakovlevich Karpov (1879–1921), Russian Chemist and Bolshevik revolutionary

Sergey Karpov (born 1948), Russian historian

Valeri Karpov (born 1971), Soviet ice hockey player

Vladimir Karpov (1922–2010), Soviet soldier and writer

Vladimir Karpov (politician) (1948–2015), Russian politician

Sergey Karpov
Sergey Pavlovich Karpov (Russian: Сергей Павлович Карпов; born 1948) is a leading Russian Byzantinist who specializes in the Empire of Trebizond and the history of Gazaria. His work in Italian archives helped bring to light the records of Genoese and Venetian notaries and accountants concerning their Black Sea colonies. Some of his monographs are available in Italian translation. He was awarded a State Prize in 1996 and was elected into the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2003. Karpov was Dean of the Department of History of the Moscow State University from 1995 until 2015.
Cecile Esmei Amari
Cecile Esmei Amari  (born 20 November 1991) is an Ivorian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Ivory Coast women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2014 African Women's Championship and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. On club level, she plays for Ataşehir Belediyespor in the 2019-20 Turkish Women's First Football League.

She played in Morocco in 2012 for Raja Haroda Casablanca. In 2013, she was with Wydad AC in the same country. She was loaned out to the Serbian team ZFK Spartak Subotica in 2014.

ŽFK Spartak Subotica
ŽFK Spartak Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: ЖФК Спартак Суботица) is women's football team from Subotica, Serbia. The team has won ten national championships, including nine in a row from 2011 to 2019. It also has appeared in the UEFA Women's Champions League.
Black Law (hill)
Black Law is a hill in the Manor Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. One of the more remote Donalds, it does not easily combine into a round with other hills in the area and requires traversing rough terrain to reach the top. Common ascents are as part of an extended Dun Rig Horseshoe to the north-east, from the south at the Megget Reservoir or, most easily, from the Manor Valley itself.

Megget Reservoir
Megget Reservoir is an impounding reservoir in the Megget valley in Ettrick Forest, in the Scottish Borders. The 259 hectares (640 acres) reservoir is held back by the largest earth dam in Scotland. The reservoir collects water from the Tweedsmuir Hills, which is then conveyed 28 miles (45 km) via underground pipelines and tunnels to Edinburgh. The pipelines are routed through the Manor Valley and the Meldon Hills, to Gladhouse Reservoir and Glencorse Reservoir in the Pentland Hills.  These two reservoirs store the water until such times as it is required.  Excess water which overflows from the reservoir is returned to the Megget Water, and hence into St. Mary's Loch.
Estonian Defence League's Cyber Unit
The Estonian Defence League’s Cyber Unit (Estonian: Küberkaitseliit, or KKL) is a group of units within certain malevs of the Estonian Defense League established in 2010. Created out of inspiration from the 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia and spearheaded by Informatics Scientist Ülo Jaaksoo, it focuses on the defense of the Estonian state and private telecommunications infrastructure from outside-derived cyberattacks, and mostly employs the volunteer participation of IT professionals.

The KKL is headquartered on the grounds of the Tartu and Tallinn malevs, and it is jointly headed in Tallinn by Jaan Priisalu and in Tartu by Kuido Külm.

Ülo Jaaksoo
Ülo Jaaksoo (born 16 April 1939 in Mõisaküla) is an Estonian computer scientist.

In 1969, he graduated from Tallinn University of Technology in engineering.

Since 2013, he is the chairman of Supervisory Board of AS Cybernetica.

In 2004, he was awarded with Order of the White Star, III class.
Sequatchie, Tennessee
Sequatchie is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Tennessee, United States. Its ZIP code is 37374.  The community lies in the southwestern Sequatchie Valley at the base of the Cumberland Plateau.  The Little Sequatchie River passes to the north and east of the community.  Valley View Road connects Sequatchie with Whitwell to the northeast and Jasper to the southwest.

Jasper, Tennessee
Jasper is a town in and the county seat of Marion County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,612 at the 2020 census. The town was formed in 1820 from lands acquired from Betsy Pack, daughter of Cherokee Chief John Lowery. Jasper is part of the Chattanooga metropolitan area.
William Biggs
William Biggs (1804 – 3 October 1881) was a British politician and hosier. He was elected as a councillor for Leicester City Council on 26 December 1835 and served as Mayor of Leicester on three occasions in 1842, 1848 and 1859. In 1852 he was elected to Parliament as the member for Newport. He resigned from Parliament on 7 January 1857 through appointment as Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds.

He was President of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society in 1849.

Born in Leicester in 1804, he was the younger brother of John Biggs who was also a politician and hosier. He died in Liverpool on 3 October 1881 at the age of 77.

Hosiery
Hosiery, (UK: /ˈhoʊziəri/, US: /-ʒəri/) also referred to as legwear, describes garments worn directly on the feet and legs. The term originated as the collective term for products of which a maker or seller is termed a hosier; and those products are also known generically as hose. The term is also used for all types of knitted fabric, and its thickness and weight is defined by denier or opacity.  Lower denier measurements of 5 to 15 describe a hose which may be sheer in appearance, whereas styles of 40 and above are dense, with little to no light able to come through on 100 denier items.
Northern Midlands Council
Northern Midlands Council is a local government body in Tasmania, extending south of Launceston into the northern region of the Tasmanian central midlands. Northern Midlands is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 13,300, the major population centres and localities of the region include Campbell Town, Evandale, Longford, and Perth.

Evandale, Tasmania
Evandale is an historic town in northern Tasmania, Australia. It sits on the banks of the South Esk River, 18 km south of Launceston. Named after early colonial explorer and Surveyor-General George Evans, the town is famous for its late-Georgian and early-Victorian buildings with relatively untouched streetscape, a popular Sunday market and as a host to the annual national Penny Farthing Bicycle Championships. At the 2016 census, Evandale had a population of 1,345.

Evandale hosts a primary school, churches, parks, pubs, shops and a fire station. Nearby locations include Nile, Deddington and Perth.
Bucket shop
A bucket shop was an unlicensed tavern in 19th-century London that sold discarded alcohol.

It also refers to:

a business engaged in heraldic fraud, the sale of illegitimate heraldic credentials

bucket shop (stock market), a sham brokerage that does not execute trades as claimed

an airline consolidator that specializes in multi-stop trips

Bucket shop (stock market)
A bucket shop is a business that allows gambling based on the prices of stocks or commodities. A 1906 U.S. Supreme Court ruling defined a bucket shop as "an establishment, nominally for the transaction of a stock exchange business, or business of similar character, but really for the registration of bets, or wagers, usually for small amounts, on the rise or fall of the prices of stocks, grain, oil, etc., there being no transfer or delivery of the stock or commodities nominally dealt in".

A person who engages in the practice is referred to as a bucketeer and the practice is sometimes referred to as bucketeering. Bucket shops were found in many large American cities from the mid-1800s but the practice was eventually ruled illegal and largely disappeared by the 1920s.
Nick Murray (musician)
Nick Murray is an American drummer. He is best known as a member of the garage rock band White Fence, and as a former member of Thee Oh Sees, with whom he recorded two studio albums. Murray has also been a frequent collaborator of Tim Presley (White Fence), as well as Welsh singer-songwriter Cate Le Bon, contributing to her solo album, Mug Museum (2013) and with 'DRINKS' (2015), a collaborative project with White Fence's Tim Presley and Cate Le Bon.
Murray has also toured with Mikal Cronin and Gold Star.

In late 2009, Murray joined The Young Veins and served as the drummer until the indefinite hiatus announced by bandmate Jon Walker on Twitter, December 10, 2010.

Tim Presley
Tim Presley is an American musician, singer and songwriter. Presley began his career playing with the hardcore punk bands Model American and The Nerve Agents. In 2004, Presley founded the psychedelic rock band Darker My Love. In 2006 he joined The Fall, playing on the LP Reformation Post TLC, and was an occasional guest musician on the band's later albums. Since 2010, Presley has released music under the name White Fence. As of January 2019, he has released seven studio albums, two live albums, and two collaborative albums with Ty Segall under that name, as well as two albums with Cate Le Bon under the name DRINKS, an experimental solo album under the name W-X, and a solo album, THE WiNK, under his own name.
Boeree
Boeree is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

C. George Boeree (1952–2021), American professor of psychology and language creator

Liv Boeree (born 1984), British poker player, television presenter, speaker, and writer

C. George Boeree
Cornelis George Boeree (January 15, 1952 – January 5, 2021) was an American psychologist at Shippensburg University, who specialized in personality theory and the history of psychology. He created the language Lingua Franca Nova.
1997 Toyota Princess Cup
The 1997 Toyota Princess Cup was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan that was part of the Tier II category of the 1997 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 15 September through 21 September 1997. First-seeded Monica Seles won the singles title.

Ariake Coliseum
35°38′11″N 139°47′25″E﻿ / ﻿35.6364°N 139.7903°E﻿ / 35.6364; 139.7903

Ariake Coliseum (有明コロシアム, Ariake Koroshiamu) is an indoor sporting arena in Ariake Tennis Park located in Ariake, Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. It has a capacity of 10,000 and is one of the few professional tennis venues which has a retractable roof.

When Ariake Coluseum first opened, it had no roof, but its sliding roof was installed in April 1991, making it the first stadium in Japan with a retractable roof, and the third overall after the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne and the SkyDome in Toronto.
CSS Virginia
CSS Virginia was the first steam-powered ironclad warship built by the Confederate States Navy during the first year of the American Civil War. She was constructed as a casemate ironclad using the razéed (cut down) original lower hull and engines of the scuttled steam frigate USS Merrimack. Virginia was one of the participants in the Battle of Hampton Roads, opposing the Union's USS Monitor in March 1862. The battle is chiefly significant in naval history as the first battle between ironclads.

Razee
A razee or razée /rəˈziː/ is a sailing ship that has been cut down (razeed) to reduce the number of decks.  The word is derived from the French vaisseau rasé, meaning a razed (in the sense of shaved down) ship.