hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sourness
Sourness, also known as sour, is a basic taste sensation perceived through hydrogen ions from acidic compounds interacting with taste bud receptors, and it can also refer to an unpleasant or acidic quality in taste, disposition, or tone. It is a warning sign for potentially spoiled food, though it is balanced in some food products by sweetness, and it is associated with a low pH.

The most common foods with natural sourness are fruits, such as lemon, lime, grape, orange, tamarind, and bitter melon. Fermented foods, such as wine, sour cream, vinegar or yogurt, may have sour taste. Children show a greater enjoyment of sour flavors than adults, and sour candy containing citric acid or malic acid is common.

Tamarind
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree bearing edible fruit that is indigenous to tropical Africa and naturalized in Asia. The genus Tamarindus is monotypic, meaning that it contains only this species. It belongs to the family Fabaceae.

The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. The pulp is also used in traditional medicine and as a dye. The wood can be used for woodworking, and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Its young leaves are used in Indian and Filipino cuisine. Because tamarind has multiple uses, it is cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical zones.
Metro Vocal Group
Metro Vocal Group is an American a cappella group based in Hong Kong.  Metro's repertoire is a mix of traditional music fused with rock and pop as well as covers of popular songs worldwide.  In an a cappella fashion, Metro uses their voices to imitate percussion, trumpets, guitars and miscellaneous sound effects as well full melodies with harmony.  Metro is best remembered for their music video covering "Boundless Ocean, Vast Skies" (海闊天空), a song made famous by Hong Kong rock group Beyond, and their cover of Joey Yung's "My Pride" (我的驕傲).  The group has since received over 12 million views worldwide on video sharing websites like YouTube and Youku. Since that time, Metro has released two albums, Music for a Metropolis and No Borders, an all Chinese album, and has received acclaim throughout Greater China.

Joey Yung
Joey Yung Tso-Yi (Chinese: 容祖兒; Cantonese Yale: Yùhng Jóuyìh, pinyin: Róng Zǔ'ér; born 16 June 1980) is a Hong Kong singer and actress signed to Emperor Entertainment Group. Since her debut in 1996, Yung has received multiple awards at Hong Kong's major annual music ceremonies. She was ranked 63rd on the 2014 Forbes China Celebrity 100.
2014–15 Basketball Bundesliga
The Basketball Bundesliga 2014–15 was the 49th season of the Basketball Bundesliga. The regular season started on 2 October 2014 and ended on 3 May 2015. The Playoffs started on 9 May and ended on 21 June 2015.

Brose Baskets was the top seed in the regular season. The team also won the title, after it beat Bayern Munich 3–2 in the Finals. TBB Trier and Crailsheim Merlins finished in the relegation places, but due to Artland Dragons withdrawing from the Bundesliga, Crailsheim accepted an offer to remain in the Bundesliga for 2015–16.

Crailsheim Merlins
Crailsheim Merlins, currently referred to as HAKRO Merlins Crailsheim for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Crailsheim, Germany. Established in 1986, the club plays in the 2. Basketball Bundesliga (ProA), the second highest professional league in Germany. The club is a part of the multi-sports club TSV Crailsheim. Home games are played in the Arena Hohenlohe, which has a capacity of 3,000 people.
Fan-Taz
Fan-Taz was a carbonated beverage sold in the early 20th century in the United States, Canada and Mexico.  It was created by the Hessig-Ellis Drug Co. and its division, the Puro Manufacturing Company (formed in 1909).

Fan-Taz was red in color, and was marketed to baseball "fans", with ads showing baseball bats and baseballs.  Fan-Taz syrup dispensers were shaped like baseballs and were used in drugstores, general stores, and ice cream parlors during the early 1900s, selling the product for 5 cents a glass.

Ice cream parlor
Ice cream parlors (American English) or ice cream parlours (British English) are parlors that sell ice cream, gelato, sorbet, and/or frozen yogurt to consumers. Ice cream is typically sold as regular ice cream (also called hard-packed or hard-serve ice cream), and/or soft serve, which is usually dispensed by a machine with a limited number of flavors (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, and "twist", or "zebra", a mix of the two). Ice cream parlors generally offer a number of flavors and items. Parlors often serve ice cream and other frozen desserts in cones, cups or dishes, the latter two to be eaten with a spoon. Some ice cream parlors prepare ice cream desserts such as sundaes (ice cream topped with syrup, whipped cream and other toppings) or milkshakes, or even a blend (known as a Boston shake).
Badminton at the 2025 Summer World University Games – Women's doubles
The women's doubles badminton event at the 2025 Summer World University Games was held from 22 to 26 July at the Westenergie Sporthalle in Mülheim, Germany. A total of 88 competitors from 26 nations participated in the event.

2025 Summer World University Games
The 2025 FISU Summer World University Games, also known as Rhine-Ruhr 2025, was a multi-sport event held from 16 to 27 July 2025, in five cities in Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region and in Berlin as an outlying venue in Germany. The Rhine-Ruhr region had previously hosted the 1989 Summer Universiade in Duisburg.

The event returned to its traditional 2-year cycle following the 2021 Summer World University Games in Chengdu, first postponed until 2022 and then postponed again to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (replacing Yekaterinburg 2023 due to Russian invasion of Ukraine).
Mezhdurechensk
Mezhdurechensk (Russian: Междуреченск) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo Oblast, a city in Kemerovo Oblast; administratively incorporated as a city under oblast jurisdiction

Mezhdurechensk, Komi Republic, an urban-type settlement in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic

Mezhdurechensk, Samara Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Syzransky District of Samara Oblast

Rural localities

Mezhdurechensk, Ivanovo Oblast, a selo in Teykovsky District of Ivanovo Oblast

Mezhdurechensk, Komi Republic
Mezhdurechensk (Russian: Междуре́ченск; Komi: Междуреченск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,418.
Thomas John Anquetil
Brigadier General Thomas John Anquetil  (1784 – 12 January 1842) was an officer of the British Indian Army who was the last senior officer to command the ill-fated Army of the Indus force as it retreated from Kabul in the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1842. His superiors during the campaign were Generals Sir William Elphinstone and John Shelton. Elphinstone and Shelton were captured and interned by the Afghan rebels, Anquetil on the other hand would die fighting with his force in the mountain passes between Kabul and Jalalabad.  The British Army and East India Company would lose 4,500 men (mainly Indian soldiers) and 12,000 civilians (mainly Indian), massacred by Afghan tribesmen loyal to the rebel leader Wazir Akbar Khan. Anquetil was said to have died ‘fighting hand to hand with the enemy’ near Jugdulluk, close to the Kabul pass.

Wazir Akbar Khan
Mohammad Akbar Khan Barakzai, (11 November 1817 – 10 December 1847) famously known as Wazir Akbar Khan, was a Barakzai prince and military commander who served as Emir of Afghanistan from December 1842 to April 1843. He also served as vizier and heir apparent to his father, Emir Dost Mohammad Khan, until his death in 1847.

Wazir Akbar Khan's fame began with the 1837 Battle of Jamrud. He was militarily active in the First Anglo-Afghan War, which lasted from 1839 to 1842. He is prominent for his leadership of the national party in Kabul from 1841 to 1842, and his massacre of Elphinstone's army at the Gandamak pass before the only survivor, the assistant surgeon William Brydon, reached the besieged garrison at Jalalabad on 13 January 1842. Wazir Akbar Khan became the emir of Afghanistan in May 1842, and ruled until Dost Mohammad Khan's return in 1843. In 1847 Wazir Akbar Khan died of cholera.
Brussels Jazz Orchestra
Brussels Jazz Orchestra is a Belgian jazz orchestra with big band line up founded in 1993 by saxophonist and composer Frank Vaganée, Serge Plume, Marc Godfroid and Bo van der Werf. Since 1999, the orchestra has been supported by the Flemish government.

Since then, it has established a reputation both at home and on relevant jazz stages abroad: Jazz Middelheim (Antwerp, Belgium), Jazz at Lincoln Center (New York, U.S.), Concertgebouw Amsterdam (Netherlands), Jazz à Vienne (France), Paris Jazz Festival (France) and many others.

BJO has performed with Philip Catherine, Bert Joris, Royal Flemish Philharmonic, Tutu Puoane, Brussels Philharmonic, David Linx and Richard Galliano in its own productions. BJO invited Joe Lovano (US), Maria Schneider (US), Kenny Werner (US), Dave Liebman (US), Dave Douglas (US), Gianluigi Trovesi (IT), McCoy Tyner (US), Maria João (PT), Kenny Wheeler (GB), Lee Konitz (US), Toots Thielemans, Enrico Pieranunzi (I) and others.

Kenny Wheeler
Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler, OC (14 January 1930 – 18 September 2014) was a Canadian composer and trumpet and flugelhorn player, based in the U.K. from the 1950s onwards.

Most of his performances were rooted in jazz, but he was also active in free improvisation and occasionally contributed to rock music recordings. Wheeler wrote more than one hundred compositions and was a skilled arranger for small groups and large ensembles.

Wheeler was the patron of the Royal Academy Junior Jazz course.
2012 Rogers Cup – Men's doubles
Michaël Llodra and Nenad Zimonjić were the defending champions, but Llodra chose not to compete this year.
Zimonjić played alongside Paul Hanley, but they lost to Bob and Mike Bryan in the quarterfinals, who won the tournament in the end against Marcel Granollers and Marc López 6–1, 4–6, [12–10].

Paul Hanley (tennis)
Paul Jason Hanley (born 12 November 1977) is a retired professional male tennis player from Australia, specialising in doubles and owning 26 ATP titles in this discipline.

He made the 2005 Wimbledon and 2011 Australian Open finals in mixed doubles, playing with Tatiana Perebiynis and Chan Yung-jan respectively, falling short on both occasions.  His best results came alongside Wayne Arthurs and Kevin Ullyett, with whom Hanley formed long-term doubles partnerships. Hanley has an 8–4 win–loss record on the Australian Davis Cup Team.  The Australian's highest doubles ranking was World Number 5.  His parents, Jay and Judy, co-own a tennis centre, which is one of the main reasons why Hanley pursued a career in the sport.
Våre falne 1939–1945
Våre falne 1939–1945 is a biographical encyclopaedia with short articles on Norwegians who lost their lives due to war-related reasons during World War II. The encyclopaedia was issued in four volumes from 1949 to 1951, by the Norwegian government, and contains around 11,000 biographies. The main editor was Arne Ording, with Gudrun Johnson and Johan Garder being responsible for the biographies.

The editorial committee consisted of Aslaug Aasland, Gustav Natvig-Pedersen, Otto Lous Mohr, Einar Diesen, Erling Bryn and Markus Endresen.

The encyclopaedia has been made available on-line.

Gustav Natvig-Pedersen
Gustav Natvig-Pedersen (18 August 1893 – 27 May 1965) was a Norwegian philologist, educator and politician for the Labour Party. A school teacher and headmaster during his professional career, he served in Stavanger city council from 1922 to 1964 and three terms in the Norwegian Parliament; during one of these terms he was President of the Storting. He made his mark in language politics.
Ballingham railway station
Ballingham railway station is a disused stone built railway station that served the villages of Ballingham and Carey in Herefordshire on the Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway. It was situated between Ballingham Railway Bridge and Ballingham Tunnel, two of the most substantial structures on the Great Western Railway line which linked Ross-on-Wye and Hereford. Originally proposed by the owner of Ballingham Court the station had a limited service and was always well used. It closed, along with the line, on 2 November 1964.

The station building has been extended and is now a private house. Also available as a holiday home. The platform is still in existence.

Taken June 2025

Photo of now-holiday home (by a guest from June 2025)

Ross-on-Wye
Ross-on-Wye is a market town and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the border with Wales. It had a population estimated at 10,978 in 2021. It lies in the south-east of the county, on the River Wye and on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean.
Chest (album)
Chest is an album by the American band Nels Cline Trio. It was the first release on Little Brother Records.

The album was recorded in June 1993 at Sage & Sound by Geoff Sykes (except "Beardism/Call Crouch" and "Power Ballad for Woodward A." which were recorded July 11, 1995, at New Zone Studio by Wayne Peet); however it was released only in 1996, as Nels Cline thought it too extreme for his label at the time, Enja. The artwork is by Carole Kim.

Enja Records
Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971.

The label's first release was by Mal Waldron, and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach, Terumasa Hino, Albert Mangelsdorff and Yōsuke Yamashita, along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Cecil Taylor, Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead musicians such as Tommy Flanagan, McCoy Tyner, Chet Baker, Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Barron. The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Mahmoud Turkmani, Gypsy bands, Indonesia's Monica Akihary, and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol.
Caloptilia pyrrhaspis
Caloptilia pyrrhaspis is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from China (Sichuan), Japan (Hokkaidō, Honshū) and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 11–12 mm.

The larvae feed on Betula dahurica, Betula ermanii, Betula grossa and Betula platyphylla. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Betula grossa
Betula grossa, commonly known as Japanese cherry birch (Japanese: 梓 azusa), is a species of birch native to Japan, where it grows naturally in mixed woodland on hill and mountain slopes in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It was introduced to the West in 1896, but remains rare in cultivation.
Metabelian group
In mathematics, a metabelian group is a group whose commutator subgroup is abelian.  Equivalently, a group G is metabelian if and only if there is an abelian normal subgroup A such that the quotient group G/A is abelian.

Subgroups of metabelian groups are metabelian, as are images of metabelian groups over group homomorphisms.

Metabelian groups are solvable. In fact, they are precisely the solvable groups of derived length at most 2.

Commutator subgroup
In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the commutator subgroup or derived subgroup of a group is the subgroup generated by all the commutators of the group.

The commutator subgroup is important because it is the smallest normal subgroup such that the quotient group of the original group by this subgroup is abelian. In other words,  is abelian if and only if  contains the commutator subgroup of . So in some sense it provides a measure of how far the group is from being abelian; the larger the commutator subgroup is, the "less abelian" the group is.
Karamchand
Karamchand is an Indian detective TV series telecast in June 1985. It was broadcast on India's national television channel DD1 and was one of India's first detective series. The title character was played by Pankaj Kapur while the role of his assistant Kitty was played by Sushmita Mukherjee. Music director duo Anand–Milind composed the theme music and title track for the series.

Anand–Milind
Anand–Milind is an Indian music composer duo consisting of brothers Anand Srivastava and Milind Srivastava. Born to composer Chitragupt, they have composed music for over 200 Bollywood films. The brothers debuted in 1984 with Ab Ayega Mazaa and had their major breakthrough with Qayamat se Qayamat Tak in 1988.
Luis Diaz (politician)
Luis M. Diaz is a former New York State Assembly member for the 86th district, first elected in 2002 when the Bronx district was created. In 2008, he stepped down as assemblyman to take a community affairs position in the administration of Governor David A. Paterson. Diaz was appointed Bronx County Clerk for the New York State Supreme Court in 2009. He was suspended in 2020 and resigned in 2022, when he pleaded guilty for falsely certifying that an organized-crime defendant had completed his court-mandated community service from a previous sentence.

Diaz was born in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. He moved to the Bronx as a child, attended public schools, and received a B.A. in Political Science from SUNY Old Westbury. Prior to his election, he served as executive director of Neighborhood Enhancement Training and Services, a nonprofit social service organization in the Bronx. He has five children.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Combretum celastroides
Combretum celastroides is a species of flowering plant in the bushwillow genus Combretum, family Combretaceae. It is found in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia, and is also known in English as Jesse-bush bushwillow, Trailing bushwillow, or Zambezi jessebush, and in local languages as Mugalusaka and Umlalanyathi.

Combretaceae
The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, Combretum imberbe. Three genera, Conocarpus, Laguncularia, and Lumnitzera, grow in mangrove habitats (mangals). The Combretaceae are widespread in the subtropics and tropics. Some members of this family produce useful construction timber, such as idigbo from Terminalia ivorensis. The commonly cultivated Quisqualis indica (as well as the entire former genus Quisqualis) is now placed in the genus Combretum. Many plants in the former Quisqualis genus contain quisqualic acid, a potent nerve toxin.
Babiana lapeirousioides
Babiana lapeirousioides is a species of geophytic, perennial flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. The species is endemic to the Northern Cape and occurs in Namaqualand, east of Kamieskroon where it is part of the Succulent Karoo.

Succulent Karoo
The Succulent Karoo is an ecoregion defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature to include regions of desert in South Africa and Namibia, and a biodiversity hotspot. The geographic area chosen by the WWF for what they call 'Succulent Karoo' does not correspond to the actual Karoo.
1998 International Sports Racing Series
The 1998 International Sports Racing Series was the second season of International Sportscar Racing Series (later known as the FIA Sportscar Championship).  It was a series for sportscar-style prototypes broken into two classes based on power and weight, called SR1 and SR2, as well as a class of hillclimb-style sportscars, called CN.  It began on April 13, 1998, and ended December 6, 1998, after 8 races.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
Kotehashi Shell Mound
The Kotehashi Shell Midden (犢橋貝塚, Kotehashi kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Satsukigaoka neighborhood of Hanamigawa ward of the city of Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, in the Kantō region of Japan containing a Jōmon period shell midden. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1981.

Hanamigawa-ku
Hanamigawa Ward (花見川区, Hanamigawa-ku) is one of the six wards of the city of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of April 2012, the ward has an estimated population of 179,770 and a population density of 5,250 persons per km2. The total area is 34.24 km2.
2012 US Open – Boys' doubles
Robin Kern and Julian Lenz were the defending champions, having won the event in 2011. 
Kyle Edmund and Frederico Ferreira Silva won the title, defeating Nick Kyrgios and Jordan Thompson 6–2, 2–6, 7–5 in the final.

Due to bad weather the matches of the first three round have been playing at the indoor courts.

Jordan Thompson (tennis)
Jordan Thompson (born 20 April 1994) is an Australian professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ranking of world No. 26 in singles and of No. 3 in doubles. Thompson won the Grand Slam title at the 2024 US Open with Max Purcell. He has won one singles and eight doubles ATP titles. He is currently the No. 4 Australian doubles player.
Iwasaki, Aomori
Iwasaki (岩崎村, Iwasaki-mura) was a village located in Nishitsugaru District in western Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Iwasaki Village was located in the southwestern corner of Aomori Prefecture, facing the Sea of Japan. The area was part of Hirosaki Domain during the Edo period. After the Meiji Restoration, Iwasaki Village was created on April 1, 1889.

On March 31, 2005, Iwasaki was merged with the neighboring and expanded town of Fukaura, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

At the time of its merger, Iwasaki had an estimated population of 2,655 and a population density of 15.3 persons per km2. The total area was 173.58 km2.

The village economy was dominated by commercial fishing and agriculture. The village was served Japan National Route 101 highway, and by Mutsu-Sawabe Station, Mutsu-Iwasaki Station, Jūniko Station, Matsukami Station, Shirakamidaketozanguchi Station and Ōmagoshi Station on the Gonō Line of JR East.

Japan National Route 101
National Route 101 (国道101号, Kokudō Hyakuichigō) is a national highway of Japan connecting the capitals of Aomori and Akita prefectures, Aomori and Akita in northern Japan, with a total length of 241.6 kilometers (150.1 mi). The majority of the highway travels along the coast of the Sea of Japan, paralleling the more inland National Route 7. The present-day highway largely follows the path of the Ōmagoe-kaidō, an Edo period road that linked the Kubota and Hirosaki feudal domains.