hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
RFA Fort Langley
RFA Fort Langley (A230) was a stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.

The ship was launched on 31 October 1944 as Montebello Park by Victoria MD in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. She was completed on 18 May 1945 as Fort Langley for the Ministry of War Transport as an Air stores issuing ship under the management of Alfred Holt and Company. Transferred to the RFA in May 1954, she was decommissioned in February 1970, and laid up at Devonport. Fort Langley arrived at Bilbao for scrapping on 21 July 1970.

Fort and Park ship were the Canadian equivalent of the American Liberty ships. All three shared a similar design by J.L. Thompson and Sons of Sunderland, England. Fort ships had a triple expansion steam engine and a single screw propeller.

Ministry of War Transport
The Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) was a department of the British Government formed early in the Second World War to control transportation policy and resources. It was formed by merging the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport, bringing responsibility for both shipping and land transport to a single department, and easing problems of co-ordination of transport in wartime.

The MoWT was founded on 1 May 1941, when Lord Leathers was appointed Minister of War Transport. Following the general election of July 1945, Alfred Barnes was appointed Minister of War Transport, remaining in the post after the department was renamed the Ministry of Transport in April 1946.
Shahoora
Shahoora  is a newly formed tehsil in Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir. The tehsil headquarters of Shahoora tehsil is located in Litter town.

Shahoora tehsil comprises about 40 villages, including IGC Lassipora, Chakoora, Pulwama and Wasoora, Pulwama

Wasoora, Pulwama
Wasoora Pulwama, also known as Wasoor, is a village in Shahoora Tehsil of Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is located 14 km (8.7 mi) towards East from District headquarters Pulwama and 50 km from State capital Srinagar.

The village is served by a government higher secondary school, a private middle school, and several primary schools. Healthcare services are provided through a Primary Health Centre (PHC). Banking facilities include a branch of Jammu & Kashmir Bank with an ATM.
Páll Guðmundsson
Páll Guðmundsson (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpʰautl̥ ˈkvʏðmʏntsɔn]; born 1959) is an Icelandic sculptor and artist.

Born in Húsafell in the west of Iceland (where he still lives), he has done part of his studies at the University of Fine Arts in Cologne, Germany.

Mostly, he sculptures faces of people out of the rock he finds around Húsafell. He has for example sculptured the faces of Johann Sebastian Bach, Björk and the Icelandic writer Thor Vilhjálmsson.

Páll is also working as a musician with a unique idiophone, a large xylophone-like instrument made of stones called the Steinharpa. He crafted the instrument himself using stones found around his home.  With the instrument, he has performed along with the Icelandic band Sigur Rós.

Páll is also the custodian of the legendary Húsafell Stone.

Thor Vilhjálmsson
Thor Vilhjálmsson (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtʰouːr ˈvɪlçaulmˌsɔn]; 12 August 1925 – 2 March 2011) was an Icelandic writer. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Over the course of his life Vilhjálmsson wrote novels, plays, and poetry and also did translations. In 1988 he won the Nordic Council Literature Prize for his novel Justice Undone (Icelandic: Grámosinn glóir). In 1992, he won the Swedish Academy Nordic Prize, known as the 'little Nobel'.
Chad Christensen (Nevada politician)
Chad Christensen is an American politician. He is a former member of the Nevada State Assembly where he served as a Republican and one of the two minority whips. He served from 2003 to 2005. He ran for the Republican nomination to run in 2010 for the United States Senate but lost in the primary.  He is a Mormon.

Nevada State Assembly
39°09′42″N 119°45′58″W﻿ / ﻿39.161643°N 119.766139°W﻿ / 39.161643; -119.766139
The Nevada State Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada, the upper house being the Nevada State Senate. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each district contained approximately 64,299 people as of the 2010 United States census. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), took effect in 2010.

The Nevada Assembly met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971, when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol.  The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Nevada Legislature. Since the 2012 session, Assembly districts have been formed by dividing the 21 Senate districts in half, so that each Assembly district is nested within a Senate district.
Crossroads Centre
The Crossroads Centre is a substance-abuse rehabilitation centre for drug and alcohol addiction located near St. Philip's, Antigua on the shores of Willoughby Bay.

It was founded with support from guitarist and singer Eric Clapton in 1998. He has been assisting with its funding by organising the annual Crossroads Guitar Festival since 1999.

Drug rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and stop substance misuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and medical consequences that can be caused.

Treatment includes medication for comorbidities, counseling by experts, and sharing of experience with other recovering individuals.
Chinese noble titles in the imperial period
During imperial China (221 BCE–1911 CE), a wide variety of noble titles were granted. Some of these were hereditary; an overlapping subset were honorary.

At the beginning of imperial China, the administration of territory was growing out of the older fengjian system, and the central government asserting more control over the old aristocracy. The emperor, as sovereign, held the power to grant noble titles and to enfeoff vassals.

Zhou dynasty nobility
The nobility of the Zhou dynasty refers to the power dynamics of the aristocracy in Zhou dynasty China. The nobility interacted with the royal apparatus of state across multiple dimensions of relationship, and in ways that changed over time. This has been subject to considerable misunderstanding due to a philosophical attempt to project backwards in time upon the Western Zhou dynasty a systematization of noble titles where none existed. In translation, these misunderstandings have been compounded by an enduring false equivalence between titles of Zhou nobles and those of European feudal peers, as well as inattention to context in certain use cases. Chinese bronze inscriptions and other archaeologically excavated texts have helped clarify the historical situation.
Lancelot Inlet
Lancelot Inlet is an inlet in the Sunshine Coast region of the South Coast of British Columbia, Canada.  It is a sidewater of Malaspina Inlet, and immediately east of the Gifford Peninsula.  Via Thors Cove on its east side, its own sidewater is Theodosia Inlet, at the head of which is the mouth of the Theodosia River.  The locality of Theodosia Arm is located here.

Inlet
An inlet is a typically long and narrow indentation of a shoreline such as a small arm, cove, bay, sound, fjord, lagoon or marsh, that leads to an enclosed larger body of water such as a lake, estuary, gulf or marginal sea.
Incivility
Incivility is a term used to describe social behavior that is characterized by a lack of civility or good manners. This behavior can range from rudeness or a lack of respect for elders, to vandalism and hooliganism, as well as public drunkenness and threatening behaviour. The term "incivility" is derived from the Latin word incivilis, which means "not of a citizen".

The distinction between plain rudeness, and perceived incivility as threat, will depend on some notion of civility as structural to society. Incivility, as anything more ominous than bad manners, is therefore dependent on appeal to notions like its antagonism to the complex concepts of civic virtue or civil society. This phenomenon has become a contemporary political issue in a number of countries.

Hooliganism
Hooliganism is the act of disruptive, obnoxious, violent or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying and vandalism, in connection with crowded events, such as speeches or  sporting events. A hooligan is a person who engages in illicit reckless behaviors and is a public nuisance.
Tar (drum)
The tar (Arabic: طار) is an ancient, single-headed frame drum. It is commonly played in the Middle East and North Africa. The tar's drumhead is struck with one hand.

The drumhead was usually made from animal skin like goats, while the frame was made of wood.

Frame drum
A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments, and perhaps the first drum to be invented. It has a single drumhead that is usually made of rawhide, but man-made materials may also be used. Some frame drums have mechanical tuning, while on many others the drumhead is tacked in place. The drumhead is stretched over a round, wooden frame called a shell. The shell is traditionally constructed of rosewood, oak, ash etc. that has been bent and then scarf jointed together; though some are also made of plywood or man-made materials. Metal rings or jingles may also be attached to the frame. In many cultures, larger frame drums are played mainly by men in spiritual ceremonies, while medium-size drums are played mainly by women.
Étude Op. 10, No. 12 (Chopin)
Étude Op. 10, No. 12 in C minor, known as the "Revolutionary Étude" or the "Étude on the Bombardment of Warsaw", is a solo piano work by Frédéric Chopin written c. 1831, and the last in his first set, Études, Op. 10, dedicated "à son ami Franz Liszt" ("to his friend Franz Liszt"). The autographed edition is located in the archive of Stiftelsen Musikkulturens Främjande (The Nydahl Collection) in Stockholm.

Stiftelsen Musikkulturens Främjande
The Foundation for the Furthering of Music Culture or The Nydahl Collection (Swedish: Stiftelsen Musikkulturens Främjande) was established in 1920 by Captain Rudolf Nydahl (1882-1973) to manage the collections of musical instruments, manuscripts and other objects related to music that he built up during his lifetime.
Makgeolli
Makgeolli (Korean: 막걸리; pronounced [mak.k͈ʌɭɭi]; lit. 'raw rice wine'), sometimes anglicized to makkoli (/ˈmækəli/, MAK-ə-lee), is a Korean alcoholic drink. It is a milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling rice wine that has a slight viscosity, and tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and astringent. Chalky sediment gives it a cloudy appearance. As a low proof drink of six to nine percent alcohol by volume, it is often considered a "communal beverage" rather than hard liquor.

In Korea, makgeolli is often unpasteurized, and the wine continues to mature in the bottle. Because of the short shelf life of unpasteurized "draft" makgeolli, many exported makgeolli undergo pasteurization, which deprives the beverage of complex enzymes and flavor compounds. Recently, various fruits such as strawberries and bananas have been added to makgeolli to create forms with new flavours.

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
Mahfood
Mahfood is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Anita Mahfood (born 1965), Jamaican dancer

Jim Mahfood (born 1975), American comic book author

Michael Emile Mahfood (1949–2021), American businessman

Sharaf Mahfood (born 1966), Yemeni footballer

Valerie Mahfood (born 1974), American boxer

Michael Emile Mahfood
Michael Emile Mahfood (21 June 1949 Detroit, Michigan - 21 September 2021 Tyler, Texas) was the founder of Group M7 (est. 1995), a web service company in the United States. He assisted in improvements to education and healthcare endowments in East Texas.

His knowledge of technology and Internet workings was often used by local news media.
Rugby sevens at the 2023 Pacific Games – Men's tournament
The men's rugby sevens tournament at the 2023 Pacific Games was held in the Solomon Islands at the National Stadium. The tournament was played over three days from 23 to 25 November 2023.

Fiji beat Samoa in the final to claim the gold medal, and Tonga claimed bronze after defeating Papua New Guinea.

National Stadium (Solomon Islands)
The Solomon Islands National Stadium is the national stadium of the Pacific island nation of the Solomon Islands and is located in the capital Honiara. The 10,000-seat venue was originally constructed as the main venue for the 2023 Pacific Games and was given to the country as a gift from the People's Republic of China at a cost of USD $71 million. The venue can host association football, rugby, and athletics. At time of construction, it was the largest infrastructure project that China had undertaken in the Oceania region.
Giuseppe Nuvolo
Giuseppe Nuvolo (born Vincenzo Nuvolo, also known as Fra' Nuvolo; 1570–1643) was an Italian architect, an exponent of the Mannerist and early Baroque architecture, active mostly in Naples.

He entered  the Dominican Order in 1591, but designed works also for other institutions. He specialized in the use of  majolica decorations, especially in the domes for churches in Naples, including that of  San Pietro Martire or that of Santa Maria della Sanità. Nuvolo designed both the church and convent of Santa Maria della Sanità.

Nuvolo also redesigned pre-existing edifices in Mannerist-Baroque style, such as the church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli and the church of San Carlo all'Arena. At his death in 1643, he was working in the construction of the church of Santa Caterina da Siena, also in Naples.

Santa Caterina da Siena, Naples
The church of Santa Caterina da Siena is located in the city center of Naples, Italy, and while built in the 16th century, the interior was decorated by Baroque era artists over the next two centuries.
Church of the Messiah (Pulaski, Tennessee)
The Church of the Messiah, located at 114 North 3rd Street in Pulaski, Tennessee, in the United States, is an historic Episcopal church that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1887 and designed by architect George W. Quintard, the brother of Charles Quintard, the Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee.

Pulaski, Tennessee
Pulaski is a city in Giles County and the county seat of Giles County, which is located on the central-southern border of Tennessee, United States. The population was 8,397 at the 2020 census. It was named after Casimir Pulaski, a noted Polish-born general on the Patriot side in the American Revolutionary War.
It Felt Like a Kiss
It Felt Like a Kiss is an immersive theatre production, first performed between 2 and 19 July 2009 as part of the second Manchester International Festival,  co-produced with the BBC. Themed on "how power really works in the world", it is a collaboration between film-maker Adam Curtis and theatre company Punchdrunk, with original music composed by Damon Albarn and performed by the Kronos Quartet.

Visitors wandered among sets and watched a short film created from archival footage, weaving together multiple stories about American international and cultural influence beginning in the year 1959, touching on the Cold War, Rock Hudson and Doris Day, Lou Reed, Saddam Hussein, Lee Harvey Oswald, and the AIDS epidemic.

The title is taken from The Crystals' 1962 song "He Hit Me (And It Felt Like a Kiss)", written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King.

Gerry Goffin
Gerald Goffin (February 11, 1939 – June 19, 2014) was an American lyricist. Collaborating initially with his first wife, Carole King, he co-wrote many international pop hits of the early and mid-1960s, including the US No. 1 hits "Will You Love Me Tomorrow", "Take Good Care of My Baby", "The Loco-Motion", and "Go Away Little Girl".  It was later said of Goffin that his gift was "to find words that expressed what many young people were feeling but were unable to articulate."

After he and King divorced, Goffin wrote with other composers, including Barry Goldberg and Michael Masser, with whom he wrote "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" and "Saving All My Love for You", also No. 1 hits. During his career, Goffin wrote more than 114 Billboard Hot 100 hits, including eight chart-toppers, and 72 UK hits. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990, with Carole King.
Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience
The Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) is the common platform for systems neuroscience at the University of Tübingen in Germany. It was installed as a cluster of excellence within the framework of the Excellence Initiative in 2007/2008. About 90 scientists with their research groups – 21 of which are supported with excellence initiative funds – form the CIN's membership. The focus of their work is on basic research in systems neurobiology. Based on an interdisciplinary and integrative approach, it encompasses projects rooted in biology, medicine, physics, computer science and engineering, as well as cognition and neurophilosophy.

The namesake Werner Reichardt pioneered research into the fundamental principles of vision and information processing.

Glossary of biology
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology.
St Cuthbert's, Earls Court
St Cuthbert's, Philbeach Gardens (Earls Court), is a Grade I listed Anglican church at 50 Philbeach Gardens, Earls Court, London SW5.

The church was built 1884–87, designed by the architect Hugh Roumieu Gough (1843–1904), son of Alexander Dick Gough. The interior furnishings designed by William Bainbridge Reynolds (1845–1935) who was a member of the congregation.  It has been hailed as a jewel of the Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.

The church is situated on the north west of Philbeach Gardens in Earls Court, near the West Cromwell Road (A4). Adjoining the church is the clergy house, and to that the Philbeach Hall.

St Cuthbert's is noted for its interior decoration and its style of worship.

Alexander Dick Gough
Alexander Dick Gough (3 November 1804 – 8 September 1871) was an English architect who practised in London, where much of his work may be found. He was a pupil of Benjamin Dean Wyatt, and worked in partnership with Robert Lewis Roumieu between 1837 and 1848.
Sebastiano Galeotti
Sebastiano Galeotti (1656–1746) was a peripatetic Italian painter of the late-Baroque period, active in Florence, Genoa, Parma, Piacenza, Codogno, Lodi, Cremona, Milan, Vicenza, Bergamo, and Turin.

Born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, he was a pupil of the painter Alessandro Gherardini, Felice Torelli, and Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole. He collaborated with Giovanni Domenico Ferretti or Francesco Natali of Cremona in some projects, and among his pupils were Vincenzo Meucci.

He painted with Natali in the Oratory of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Parma.

He helped decorate with frescoes the rooms of the Farnese Rocca in Sala Baganza. Died in Mondovì working for the House of Savoy. He decorated the church of the Magdalen in Genoa. In Turin, he was appointed director of the Academy, the precursor of the Accademia Albertina.

His son Giuseppe was active in Liguria as a painter.

Codogno
Codogno (Italian pronunciation: [koˈdoɲɲo]; Lodigiano: Cudògn) is a town and comune of 15,868 inhabitants in the province of Lodi, Lombardy, northern Italy. It is the main center of the plain known as Basso Lodigiano, which has about 90,000 inhabitants. It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on June 26, 1955.
Walter Moberly (engineer)
Walter Moberly (15 August 1832 – 21 July 1915) was a British-born Canadian civil engineer and surveyor who played a large role in the early exploration and development of British Columbia, Canada, including discovering Eagle Pass, now used by the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Trans-Canada Highway.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
Megalena
Megalena crassa, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Enidae.

Megalena is a monotypic genus, i.e. it contains only one species, Megalena crassa and therefore this species is also the type species.

The generic name is composed from the prefix mega-, which means "large" from the ancient Greek language, and from the suffix -ena, for which the etymological origin is unknown.

Specimens of this species are stored in collections in Europe: Germany (Senckenberg Museum, Institute of Zoology and Museum of Zoology of University of Hamburg), Poland (Institute of Zoology of Polish Academy of Sciences in Warszawa) and in the Netherlands.

Naturmuseum Senckenberg
The Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF) is a museum of natural history, located in Frankfurt am Main. It is the second-largest natural history museum in Germany. In the two years 2022–2023, 874,276 people visited the museum, which is owned by the Senckenberg Nature Research Society. Senckenberg's slogan is "world of biodiversity". As of 2019, the museum exhibits 18 reconstructed dinosaurs.
Zolotov
Zolotov (feminine: Zolotova) (Cyrillic: Золотов) is a Slavic surname based on the word gold (Золото). Notable people with the surname include:

Andrej Andreevich Zolotov (born 1937), Russian screenwriter and art and music critic who authored 30 documentaries

Irina Zolotova (1947–2025), Armenian musicologist and composer

Marina Zolotova (born 1977), Belarusian journalist

Nahum Zolotov (1926–2014), Israeli architect

Roman Zolotov (born 1974), Russian ice hockey player

Viktor Zolotov (born 1954), the head of Russian President Vladimir Putin's personal security service

Roman Zolotov
Roman Zolotov (born February 13, 1974) is a former Russian professional ice hockey player who played in the Russian Superleague (RSL). Zolotov was drafted in the sixth round of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Philadelphia Flyers, but he never played professionally in North America. He played 11 seasons in the RSL for HC Dynamo Moscow, HC CSKA Moscow, and Khimik Voskresensk.