hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Air Services Cargo
Air Services Cargo was a short-lived cargo airline based in Panama City, Panama. The airline was operational between 2002 and 2003, operating cargo flights within the Americas from Albrook "Marcos A. Gelabert" International Airport, Panama City.

Cargo airline
Cargo airlines (or air freight carriers, and derivatives of these names) are airlines mainly dedicated to the transport of cargo by air. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines.
In 2018, airline cargo traffic represented 262,333 million tonne-kilometres with a 49.3% load factor: 52.1% for dedicated cargo operations, and 47.9% within mixed operations (belly freight of passenger airliners).

Dedicated cargo airlines such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, operate a fleet of cargo aircraft and handle the entire freight transportation process. Many airlines, like Emirates and Qatar Airways, have dedicated cargo divisions that operate their own fleet of cargo aircraft alongside their passenger operations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, airlines like American Airlines, Air Canada, and Delta Air Lines utilized their passenger planes, removing seats to create space for cargo, to meet the demand for freight transport.
Hoesch reaction
The Hoesch reaction or Houben–Hoesch reaction is an organic reaction in which a nitrile reacts with an arene compound to form an aryl ketone. The reaction is a type of Friedel–Crafts acylation with hydrogen chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst.

The synthesis of 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) from phloroglucinol is representative: If two-equivalents are added, 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol is the product.

Hoesch reaction example, 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone from phloroglucinol

An imine can be isolated as an intermediate reaction product. The attacking electrophile is possibly a species of the type R-C+=NHCl−. The arene must be electron-rich i.e. phenol or aniline type.  A related reaction is the Gattermann reaction in which hydrocyanic acid not a nitrile is used.

The reaction is named after Kurt Hoesch and Josef Houben who reported about this new reaction type in respectively 1915 and 1926.

2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone
2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) is a chemical compound that is a derivative of phloroglucinol.

In an animal model, THAP was reported to enhance cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity.

THAP is also used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides in negative ion mode.
Pamfilo of Magliano
Pamfilo of Magliano, O.S.F. (now O.F.M.), was an Italian Franciscan friar, who went to the United States in 1855 to help establish the Order there. He was responsible for the establishment of major institutions of the Order in the Northeastern United States. He founded two religious institutes of Sisters of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis.

Religious profession
A religious profession is the solemn admission of men or women into consecrated life by means of the pronouncement of religious vows, typically the evangelical counsels. It is practiced in some Christian denominations, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism, among other Christian traditions.
1935 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12
The 1935 Tour de France was the 29th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a flat stage on 4 July, and Stage 12 occurred on 17 July with a flat stage to Marseille. The race finished in Paris on 28 July.

Charleville-Mézières
Charleville-Mézières (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁləvil mezjɛʁ] ⓘ) is a commune of northern France and the prefecture of the Ardennes department, in the Grand Est region.
Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the river Meuse.
Wheelchair fencing at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Women's foil B
The Women's Foil Individual B wheelchair fencing competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held on 20 September at the Helliniko Fencing Hall.

The event was won by Chan Yui Chong, representing  Hong Kong.

Chan Yui Chong
Chan Yui-chong (born 4 January 1983) is a Hong Kong wheelchair fencer who has been part of the territory's team since 2002. She has competed for Hong Kong at the Summer Paralympics, the Asian Para Games and at the IWAS World Championships.
Kiryat Motzkin
Kiryat Motzkin (Hebrew: קִרְיַת מוֹצְקִין) is a city in the Haifa District of Israel, 8 kilometres (5 miles) north of the city center of Haifa. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2023 it had a population of 51,349. However, as of September 2025, the unofficial population count is 56,300, reflecting significant growth not yet captured in official statistics. The city is named after Leo Motzkin (1867-1933), one of the organizers of the First Zionist Congress in 1897. The mayor of the city is Tziki Tzvi Avisar.

Haifa District
Haifa District (Hebrew: מחוז חיפה; Arabic: منطقة حيفا) is an administrative district surrounding the city of Haifa in Israel. The district is one of the seven administrative districts of Israel, and its capital is Haifa. The district land area is 864 km2 (299.3 mi2).
Evejim Records
Evejim Records was an American independent record label founded in the 1980s by Leon Haywood and based in Los Angeles, California. The label released various soul, blues, hip hop and electro recordings, as well as re-recordings of some of Leon Haywood's earlier work.

The company developed out of a record production business which Haywood had first set up in 1967, and which he named after his parents.  The label became somewhat famous for recording older established blues and soul performers who had been previously inactive in recording for a period of time. These included:

Little Joe Blue

Buddy Ace

Jimmy McCracklin

Clay Hammond

Vernon Garrett

Ernest Lane

Jimmy McCracklin
James David Walker Jr. (August 13, 1921 – December 20, 2012), better known by his stage name Jimmy McCracklin, was an American pianist, singer, and songwriter. His style contained West Coast blues, Jump blues, and R&B. Over a career that spanned seven decades, he said he had written almost a thousand songs and had recorded hundreds of them. McCracklin recorded over 30 albums, and earned four gold records. Tom Mazzolini of the San Francisco Blues Festival said of him, "He was probably the most important musician to come out of the Bay Area in the post-World War II years."
Klein Furkahorn
The Klein Furkahorn (3,026 m) is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking the Furka Pass on the border between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Uri. It lies near the southern end of the Galenstock-Gross Furkahorn chain, east of the Rhone Glacier.

From the Furka Pass a trail leads to its summit.

Rhône Glacier
The Rhône Glacier (German: Rhonegletscher, Walliser German: Rottengletscher, French: glacier du Rhône, Italian: ghiacciaio del Rodano) is a glacier in the Swiss Alps and the source of the river Rhône and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais. While the glacier is accessible via the Furka Pass road, it can only be visited between the summer solstice and the autumnal equinox (roughly 120 days a year).
Handcrafts and folk art in Hidalgo
Hidalgo (state) handcrafts and folk art are mostly made for local consumption rather than for collectors, although there have been efforts to promote this work to a wider market. Most are utilitarian and generally simply decorated, if decorated at all. The most important handcraft traditions are pottery, especially in the municipality of Huejutla and textiles, which can be found in diverse parts of the state. Most artisans are indigenous, with the Otomi populations of the Mezquital Valley being the most dominant. Other important handcrafts include basketry, metal and wood working.

Alfajayucan
Alfajayucan (Otomi: Nxamti) is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The town serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, which covers an area of 467.7 km2 (180.6 sq mi).

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 16,859. In 2017 there were 4,342 inhabitants who spoke an indigenous language, primarily Mezquital Otomi.
The Last Will and Testament
The Last Will and Testament is the fourteenth studio album by Swedish progressive metal band Opeth. The album was originally set to be released on 11 October 2024 through Reigning Phoenix Music, but was pushed back to 22 November 2024 due to manufacturing delays. This is the band's first studio album since In Cauda Venenum (2019), and the first release with drummer Waltteri Väyrynen, who in 2022 officially replaced Martin Axenrot after his departure the year before. It also marks the return of death metal elements such as death growls not used since Watershed (2008). Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull appears on five tracks, contributing flute and spoken word.

Travis Smith (artist)
Travis Smith (born February 26, 1970) is an American graphic artist best known for designing heavy metal album art. He has been called "renowned" by Alternative Press and "unquestionably one of the most talented graphic artists in metal today" by Chronicles of Chaos. Smith has done work for many established rock and metal bands, including Death, Devin Townsend, Dead Industry, Katatonia, Nevermore, Anathema, CKY, Soilwork, King Diamond, Novembre, Avenged Sevenfold, Strapping Young Lad, Persefone, Riverside, Overkill, and Opeth.
Édouard Rémillard
Édouard Rémillard (January 9, 1830 – July 29, 1909) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Bellechasse in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1861 to 1866.

He was born in Saint-Gervais, Quebec, the son of Adrien Rémillard and Marguerite Boucher. Rémillard was educated at the Petit Séminaire de Québec, was admitted to the Lower Canada bar in 1856 and set up practice in Quebec City, practising for a time with Christian Pozer. Rémillard also served as captain in the militia. He supported Confederation. In 1860, he married Marie-Émilie Malvina Évanturel, the sister of François Évanturel. He was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Canadian House of Commons in 1867 and for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1871. Rémillard was named to La Durantaye division of the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1878 and served until 1887. In 1890 he was named registrar for Quebec City district. He died in Quebec City at the age of 79.

Bellechasse (federal electoral district)
Bellechasse (French pronunciation: [bɛlʃas]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada. It was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867, until the 1997 election, when it became Bellechasse—Etchemins—Montmagny—L'Islet. After redistribution prior to the 2004 election, that riding became Lévis—Bellechasse. Currently, the only riding which includes the name "Bellechasse" is Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis.
Genealogia Sponhemica
The Genealogia Sponhemica (Oder Geschlecht Register der alten Graffen und Graffinnen zu Sponheim. Zusammengetragen, mit Anführung vieler merkwürdiger Geschichten 'illustriret', und dem Durchlauchtigsten Fürsten und Herren, Herren Georg Wilhelm Pfalzgraffen bey Rhein, Herzogen in Bayern, Graffen zu Veldenz und Sponheim u. unterthänigst 'presentiret', von Casp. Zillesio J. U. Lto. Consil. Palat. Sponheim. Die 21. Jun. Anno MDCLXIV.) is an official genealogical work of the House of Sponheim by Caspar Zillesius first presented in 1664 under Count Palatine George William of the Rhine, Count to Sponheim, and later reedited by the Archiv für rheinische Geschichte Coblenz in 1835 with revision of Johann Christian von Stramberg.

Johann Christian von Stramberg
Johann Christian Hermenegild Joseph Franz de Paula Benjamin von Stramberg (13 October 1785 – 20 July 1868), commonly known as Johann Christian von Stramberg or Christian von Stramberg was a German historian.

He was born in Koblenz. He is best known as author of the 39-volume Rheinischer Antiquarius (1845–1871), with five of its volumes being issued after his death by Anton Joseph Weidenbach.
Bisley and West End Commons
Bisley and West End Commons is a  37.2-hectare (92-acre) Local Nature Reserve west of Woking in Surrey.  It is part of the 46-hectare (110-acre) Bisley & West End Commons and Reidon Hill nature reserve, which is owned by Surrey County Council and managed by Surrey Wildlife Trust. The site is also part of the Colony Bog and Bagshot Heath Site of Special Scientific Interest, the Thursley, Ash, Pirbright & Chobham Special Area of Conservation and the Thames Basin Heaths Special Protection Area,

This site has heath, grassland and woodland. There are mammals such as roe deer and reptiles include adders, grass snakes, slow-worms and common lizards.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Leroy Buchiet
Leroy Charles Buchiet (June 12, 1892 – March 7, 1952) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach.  He served as the head football coach for the Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan for four seasons, from 1914 until 1917, compiling a record of 9–13–3. Buchiet was also the head basketball coach at Hillsdale from 1914 to 1918, tallying a mark of 18–28 He played football and basketball and ran track at Lake Forest College.

Hillsdale, Michigan
Hillsdale is the largest city in Hillsdale County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 8,036 at the 2020 census. It is the home of Hillsdale College, a private liberal arts college.
Siege of Belgrade (1806)
The Siege of Belgrade (Serbian: Опсада Београда, romanized: Opsada Beograda), known as the Liberation of Belgrade (Ослобођење Београда, Oslobođenje Beograda) was carried out by the Serbian rebels led by Karađorđe, seeking to overthrow the Ottoman government in the Sanjak of Smederevo, which was seated in the Belgrade Fortress. Following the victories at Mišar (13–15 August) and Deligrad (3 September), the Serbian rebels marched towards Belgrade.

Belgrade was in Serbian hands by 26 December 1806.

Sanjak of Smederevo
The Sanjak of Smederevo, also known in historiography as the Pashalik of Belgrade,[a] was an Ottoman administrative unit (sanjak) centered on Smederevo, that existed between the 15th and the outset of the 19th centuries. It was located in the territory of present-day Central Serbia.
DYXC
DYXC (107.1 FM), broadcasting as Radyo Natin 107.1, is a radio station owned and operated by MBC Media Group. The station's studio is located at the 3rd Floor, Lam Bldg., Corner Mabini and Carlos Tan Streets., Ormoc City Leyte Philippines.

Studio
A studio is a space set aside for creative work of any kind, including art, dance, music and theater.

The word studio is derived from the Italian: studio, from Latin: studium, from studere, meaning to study or zeal.
Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle medium
Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle medium (NNN) in microbiology is a culture medium used to grow Leishmania – needed when the amastigotes are not found in sufficient quantities by scraping the growth substrate. It consists of 0.6% sodium chloride (NaCl) added to a simple blood agar slope.  NNN can also be used to grow Trypanosoma cruzi

Leishmania
Leishmania (/liːʃˈmeɪniə, -ˈmæn-/) is a genus of parasitic protozoans, single-celled eukaryotic organisms of the trypanosomatid group that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. The parasites are transmitted by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. There are 53 species and about 20 of them are responsible for human infections. They are transmitted by around 100 species of sandflies. The primary hosts are vertebrates. They commonly infect hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans.
Greenwood Stage Station
The Greenwood Stage Station was a historic stagecoach stop located in what is now rural Morrill County, Nebraska.  It was the second stage station on the Sidney-Black Hills Trail, when coming north from the Union Pacific railroad at Fort Sidney, Nebraska, on the way to gold mining fields in South Dakota.  It played a significant role along the trail, serving travellers as a hotel, restaurant, and stable, as well as furnishing fresh horses for stagecoaches.

The archaeological site at the station's former location, denoted 25MO32, is a historic archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.  Its significance arises from its status as one of the trail's few remaining stage stations with extant artifactual and structural remains.

Its location is not revealed by the National Register, which lists it as "Address Restricted".  It was listed as an archeological site with potential for future information.

Historical archaeology
Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material. These records can both complement and conflict with the archaeological evidence found at a particular site. Studies focus on literate, historical- period societies as opposed to non-literate, prehistoric societies. While they may not have generated the records, the lives of people for whom there was little need for written records, such as the working class, slaves, indentured labourers, and children but who live in the historical period can also be the subject of study. The sites are found on land and underwater. Industrial archaeology, unless practiced at industrial sites from the prehistoric era, is a form of historical archaeology concentrating on the remains and products of industry and the Industrial era.
Microctenopoma nigricans
Microctenopoma nigricans is a fish in the family Anabantidae. It is found in the Lulua and Sankuru River drainages, tributaries of the Kasai River (Congo River system) in south-central Democratic Republic of Congo. It grows to 6.8 cm in standard length.

Congo River
The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third largest river in the world by discharge volume, following the Amazon and Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths of around 220 m (720 ft). The Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700 km (2,900 mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

Measured along with the Lualaba, the main tributary, the Congo River has a total length of 4,370 km (2,720 mi). It is the only major river to cross the equator twice. The Congo Basin has a total area of about 4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 mi2), or 13% of the entire African landmass.
Tri-Cities Open
The Tri-Cities Open was a golf tournament on the Buy.com Tour. It ran annually from 1991 to 2001. It was played at Meadow Springs Country Club in Richland, Washington. After 2001, the event was discontinued, as there was no longer a title sponsor for the event. It was previously sponsored by Ben Hogan from 1991 to 1992, Nike from 1993 to 1999 and then Buy.com from 2000 to 2001.

Rakuten.com
Rakuten.com/shop was an e-commerce marketplace based in San Mateo, California. Previously known as Buy.com, it was founded in 1997 by Scott Blum. In 2010, it was purchased by Japanese company Rakuten, and rebranded as Rakuten.com. This business was shut down by Rakuten in 2020.
María Fernanda Romero Lozano
María Fernanda Romero Lozano (born 15 April 1986) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement. As of 2013 she served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Tabasco.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Capitol Theater Building
The Capitol Theater Building is a historic mixed commercial, residential, and theatrical building at 202–208 Massachusetts Avenue in Arlington, Massachusetts. It was built in 1925 by the Locatelli family, and is one of the area's finest early motion picture theaters. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Massachusetts Avenue (metropolitan Boston)
Massachusetts Avenue (colloquially referred to as Mass Ave) is a major thoroughfare in Boston, Massachusetts, and several cities and towns northwest of Boston. According to Boston magazine, "Its 16 miles of blacktop run from gritty industrial zones to verdant suburbia, homeless encampments, passing gentrified brownstones, college campuses and bustling commercial strips."
Sitting Bull Mountain
Sitting Bull Mountain is a 7,759-foot (2,365-metre) double summit mountain in the North Cascades of Washington state. The north summit is higher than the south peak (7680+ ft), and easier to climb (class 3 vs. class 4), however neither peak sees much climbing activity. Sitting Bull Mountain is located 2.1 mi (3.4 km) northwest of Suiattle Pass in the heart of the Glacier Peak Wilderness. Its nearest higher peak is Plummer Mountain, 1.51 mi (2.43 km) to the south-southwest. The mountain is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range, on the shared border of Snohomish County and Chelan County. Precipitation runoff from Sitting Bull Mountain drains east into Agnes Creek which is a tributary of the Stehekin River, or west into Canyon Creek which is a tributary of the Suiattle River.

Double summit
A double summit, double peak, twin summit, or twin peak is a mountain or hill that has two summits, separated by a col or saddle.

One well-known double summit is Austria's highest mountain, the Großglockner, where the main summit of the Großglockner is separated from that of the Kleinglockner by the Glocknerscharte col in the area of a geological fault. Other double summits have resulted from geological folding. For example, on Mont Withrow in British Columbia, resistant sandstones form the limbs of the double summit, whilst the softer rock in the core of the fold was eroded.

Triple peaks occur more rarely; one example is the Rosengartenspitze in the Dolomites. The Illimani in Bolivia is an example of a rare quadruple summit.