hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel M. Oppenheimer
Daniel M. Oppenheimer is a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in the Department of Social and Decision Sciences. Previously, he was a professor at the UCLA Anderson School of Management. From 2004 to 2012, he worked at Princeton University's Department of Psychology.

Primarily interested in cognitive psychology, he researches causal discounting, charitable giving, perceptual fluency, and people's perceptions of randomness.  He won the 2006 Ig Nobel Prize in Literature for his paper "Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly", which argues that simple writing makes authors appear more intelligent than complex writing. In 2012, he co-authored a book with political scientist Mike Edwards on political psychology and democracy, Democracy Despite Itself: Why A System That Shouldn't Work at All Works So Well.

Oppenheimer earned his BA at Rice University and his MA and PhD from Stanford University.

UCLA Anderson School of Management
The John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management (branded as UCLA Anderson) is the graduate business school at the University of California, Los Angeles. The school offers MBA (full-time, part-time, executive), Post Graduate Program for Executives (PGPX), Financial Engineering, Business Analytics, and PhD degrees. It was named after American billionaire John E. Anderson in 1987, after he donated $15 million to the School of Management (the largest gift received from an individual by the University of California at the time).
Minervarya
Minervarya is a genus of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae from south Asia (Sri Lanka, the Indian subcontinent including Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh), and Nepal and Bhutan. They are also known as cricket frogs or rice frogs.

Dicroglossidae
The frog family Dicroglossidae occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, with most genera and species being found in Asia. The common name of the family is fork-tongued frogs.

The Dicroglossidae were previously considered to be a subfamily in the family Ranidae, but their position as a family is now well established.
Tremetousia
Tremetousia (Greek: Τρεμετουσιά [locally [tremetuˈʃa]]; Turkish: Tremeşe or Erdemli) is a village in the Larnaca District of Cyprus, 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Athienou. It is one of only four villages in the district under the control of Northern Cyprus, the other three being Arsos, Melouseia and Pergamos.

The village is the successor of the ancient city Tremithus or Tremithous (Ancient Greek: Τρεμιθοῦς), mentioned by Ptolemy, Hierocles, George of Cyprus, Stephanus of Byzantium and other ancient geographers. The imperial claimnant Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus was defeated here in 1191 by Richard I of England, who afterwards took possession of Cyprus. The city was then destroyed and survives only as a village.

Larnaca District
The Larnaca District, or simply Larnaca (also Larnaka), is one of the six districts of Cyprus. Its capital is Larnaca. It is bordered on the east by Famagusta District, on the north by Nicosia District and on the west by Limassol District.

A small part of the district was occupied by the Turkish army in 1974, and most of the occupied part is now de facto administered as part of Northern Cyprus's Lefkoşa District, with the remaining area near Pergamos being de facto administered by the Gazimağusa District.

The communities of Melouseia, Tremetousia and Arsos lie in the occupied zone, while the municipal/community areas of Athienou, Troulloi and Pergamos are partially occupied.

Located in the district are Larnaca International Airport, the island's primary airport, and the Hala Sultan Tekke and the towns of Larnaca, Aradippou, Athienou and Lefkara.

In 2021, Larnaca District had a population of 155,753, of which 58.1% was urban.
Yi Sheng
Yi Sheng (born June 13, 1972, in Beijing, China) is an official of the Chinese Baseball Association. He coached the China national baseball team in the World Baseball Classics in 2013 and 2017, as well as the 2002 Asia Games, 2005 Asian Baseball Championship, 2010 Asian Games, and 2008 Olympics.

He has also coached for the Beijing Tigers.

Baseball at the 2010 Asian Games
Baseball at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China from November 13 to 19, 2010. Only a men's competition was held. All games were played at the Aoti Baseball Field. South Korea beat Chinese Taipei 9–3 in the final to win the gold medal.
Kushk Dar
Kushk Dar (Persian: كوشكدر, also Romanized as Kūshḵ Dar and Kashk Dar) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 31 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Romer's tree frog
Romer's tree frog (Liuixalus romeri) is a species of frog native to Hong Kong and a small portion of Guangxi, China. With an average snout-vent length of 1.5 – 2.5 cm, it is the smallest amphibian recorded in the territory. Despite its common name, it belongs to the family Rhacophoridae, instead of the Hylidae.

It is named for John Dudley Romer.

Cloaca
A cloaca (/kloʊˈeɪkə/ ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/kloʊˈeɪsi/ kloh-AY-see or /kloʊˈeɪki/ kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (rectum), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals. All amphibians, reptiles, birds, cartilaginous fish and a few mammals (monotremes, afrosoricids, and marsupial moles) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction. Excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae. Mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing.

The cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ, the cloacal gland, which has been implicated in the scent-marking behavior of some reptiles, marsupials, amphibians, and monotremes.
Hussain Ahmed (footballer)
Hussain Ahmed (1932 – 16 April 2021) was an Indian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He played for the Hyderabad City Police team in the 1950s, as well as taking part at the 1958 Asian Games and the Merdeka Tournament in 1959.

Hussain began his journey with Osmania University football team that won all India inter-varsity title in 1954. He represented Hyderabad in Santosh Trophy for three consecutive years. He died from COVID-19 on 16 April 2021.

Merdeka Tournament
Merdeka Tournament (Malay: Pestabola Merdeka) is an international friendly football tournament held in Malaysia to commemorate the Independence Day. It is mainly played at Independence Stadium, in Kuala Lumpur. "Merdeka" is the Malay word (borrowed from Sanskrit) for independence or freedom. As of 2024, the tournament has been held 43 times, though with decreasing frequency in recent decades.

The Merdeka Tournament is the oldest invitational football tournament in Asia, and the matches in the tournament are considered International "A" matches (Friendly match) by FIFA.
Arthur Shirley
Arthur Shirley (31 August 1886 – 24 November 1967) was an Australian actor, writer, producer, and director of theatre and film. He experienced some success as a film actor in Hollywood between 1914 and 1920.

The Silence of Dean Maitland (1914 film)
The Silence of Dean Maitland is a 1914 Australian silent film directed by Raymond Longford. It is an adaptation of the 1886 novel of the same name by Maxwell Gray which was later filmed by Ken G. Hall in 1934. It is considered a lost film.
Naval tactics in the Age of Steam
The development of the steam ironclad firing explosive shells in the mid-19th century rendered sailing ship tactics obsolete.

New tactics were developed for the big-gun Dreadnought battleships. The mine, torpedo, submarine and aircraft posed new threats, each of which had to be countered, leading to tactical developments such as anti-submarine warfare and the use of dazzle camouflage. By the end of the steam age, aircraft carriers had replaced battleships as the principal unit of the fleet.

Naval fleet
A naval fleet is the largest operational formation of warships in a navy, typically under a single command and organized for strategic missions. While modern fleets are permanent, multi-role forces (e.g., carrier strike groups), historical fleets were often ad hoc assemblies for specific campaigns. The term "fleet" can also synonymously refer to a nation’s entire navy, particularly in smaller maritime forces.

Fleets have shaped geopolitics since antiquity—from the trireme fleets of Athens to the nuclear-powered carrier groups of today—enabling power projection, trade protection, and deterrence. Multinational fleets, such as NATO’s Standing Maritime Groups, demonstrate their continued diplomatic-military role.
Han E (warrior)
Han E (born 1345) was an ethnic Han female warrior who is considered a war heroine. She served in the anti-Yuan dynasty Red Turbans dressed as a man under the name Han Guanbao. She was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and became famous as the "Hua Mulan of Shu".

Red Turban Rebellions
The Red Turban Rebellions (Chinese: 紅巾起義; pinyin: Hóngjīn Qǐyì) were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368, eventually leading to its collapse. Remnants of the Yuan imperial court retreated northwards and is thereafter known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.
Superior Court of Justice (Andorra)
The Superior Court of Justice is Andorra's Supreme court.  It exercises original jurisdiction over serious matters in Andorra of which a lower court (or, a magistrate's court) does not have the proper authority to operate and/or act on.

Original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems, original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
Safaa Hegazy station
Safaa Hegazy station (Arabic: محطة صفاء حجازي) is a station served by line 3 of the Cairo Metro. It is located in Zamalek, Cairo, in front of Sharbatly apartment building and a number of embassies. The station contributes in finding of transportation modes in the area and also to reduce congestion. It was opened on 5 October 2022 as part of the Phase 3 from Attaba to Kitkat station after successful pilot runs in May and August. Originally named Zamalek station, it was renamed in honor to Safaa Hegazy who died in 2017. On 3 July 2022, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ordered the start of the pilot operation of the station.

The residents of the island were concerned about the impact of the construction on the older buildings. On 26 July 2020, the Sharbatly building with the adjacent Bahraini embassy were evacuated after cracks as a result of land subsidence were observed, but the National Authority Tunnels denied the construction of the station has caused it.

Cairo Metro
The Cairo Metro (Egyptian Arabic: مترو القاهرة, romanized: Metro Anfāq al-Qāhirah,  lit. "Cairo Tunnel Metro" or مترو الأنفاق  pronounced [ˈmetɾo lʔænˈfæːʔ]) is a rapid transit system in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It was the first of the three full-fledged metro systems in Africa and the first in the Middle East to be constructed. It was opened in 1987 as Line 1 from Helwan to Ramses Square with a length of 29 kilometres (18.0 mi).

As of 2013, the metro carried nearly 4 million passengers per day. As of 15 May 2024, the Cairo Metro has 84 stations of which 5 are transfer stations, with a total length of 106.8 kilometres (66.4 mi). The system consists of three operational lines numbered 1 to 3.

The Cairo Metro is owned by the National Authority for Tunnels. The lines use standard gauge (1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)).
Kin Beach Provincial Park
Kin Beach Provincial Park is a Class C provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located just northwest of Kye Bay, to the north of Comox, British Columbia. As a Class "C" park, it is managed locally by a park board.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
I Ya Toyah
Ania Tarnowska, known professionally as I Ya Toyah, is a Chicago, USA musician, singer, composer, producer, performer, and the founder/CEO of Femme Fatale Records label. Her genre-bending music incorporates elements of multiple genres including industrial, electro-industrial, goth electro, punk electro, electronic rock, metal, and synthwave. It best fits in the alternative music category.

When spoken out loud in Polish, I Ya Toyah means “It’s Just Me.” Her logo art merges the symbols for peace and anarchy that symbolizes her “rebel psyche.”

Electro-industrial
Electro-industrial is a subgenre of post-industrial music that emerged in the early 1980s. It was originally pioneered by acts such as Front 242, Cabaret Voltaire, Front Line Assembly, Klinik, Numb, as well as groups from Canada, United States and the Benelux.

Other influential acts included Canadian band Skinny Puppy, who signed to label Nettwerk, which served as a central hub that helped proliferate the style. By the early 1990s, electro-industrial spawned the dark electro genre, and later the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.
Harold Spitznagel
Harold Theodore Spitznagel (December 7, 1896 – April 26, 1975) was an American architect from South Dakota. Spitznagel was best known for residential and institutional architecture, including the original Mount Rushmore visitor center. His styles included Prairie School, Art Deco, and Moderne architecture. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, was posthumously inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame, and has been called the "foremost 20th-century architect" of the state of South Dakota.

Custer State Park
Custer State Park is a South Dakota State Park and wildlife reserve in the Black Hills of the United States. Located in Custer County, the park is South Dakota's first and largest state park, named after Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer. The park covers an area of over 71,000 acres (287 km2) of varied terrain including rolling prairie grasslands and rugged mountains.

The park is home to a herd of 1,500 bison. Elk, coyotes, mule deer, white tailed deer, mountain goats, prairie dogs, bighorn sheep, river otters, pronghorn, cougars, and feral burros also inhabit the park. The park is known for its scenery, hiking (including the South Dakota Centennial Trail), its scenic drives (Needles Highway and the wildlife loop), with views of the bison herd and prairie dog towns. This park is easily accessible by road from Rapid City. Other nearby attractions are Wind Cave National Park, Mount Rushmore, Jewel Cave National Monument, Crazy Horse Memorial, and Badlands National Park.
Epidermal nevus syndrome
Epidermal nevus syndrome, also known as Feuerstein and Mims syndrome, and Solomon's syndrome: 775  is a rare disease that was first described in 1968 and consists of extensive epidermal nevi with abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS), skeleton, skin, cardiovascular system, genitourinary system and eyes.: 634  However, since the syndrome's first description, a broader concept for the "epidermal nevus" syndrome has been proposed, with at least six types being described:: 776

Schimmelpenning syndrome
Nevus comedonicus syndrome
Pigmented hairy epidermal nevus syndrome
Proteus syndrome
CHILD syndrome
Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica

Genitourinary system
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together. In placental mammals (including humans), the male urethra goes through and opens into the penis while the female urethra and vagina empty through the vulva.

The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in Nomina Anatomica (under splanchnologia) but is not used in the current Terminologia Anatomica.
History of FARC
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC–EP) was a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization based in Colombia, which is involved in the ongoing Colombian armed conflict.

FARC–EP  is a peasant army which has proclaimed itself as a revolutionary agrarian, anti-imperialist Marxist–Leninist organization of Bolivarian inspiration. It claims to represent the rural poor in a struggle against Colombia's wealthier classes, and opposes United States influence in Colombia (e.g. Plan Colombia),  neo-imperialism, monopolization of natural resources by multinational corporations,  and paramilitary/government violence.

Bolivarianism
Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, left-leaning and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America.
Spam reporting
Spam reporting, more properly called abuse reporting, is the process of identifying electronic messages as abusive and reporting them to an authority (e.g., an email administrator) for resolution. Reported messages can be email messages, blog comments, or any kind of spam.

WHOIS
WHOIS (pronounced as the phrase "who is") is a query and response protocol that is used for querying databases that store an Internet resource's registered users or assignees. These resources include domain names, IP address blocks and autonomous systems, but it is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The current iteration of the WHOIS protocol was drafted by the Internet Society, and is documented in RFC 3912.

Whois is also the name of the command-line utility on most UNIX systems used to make WHOIS protocol queries. In addition, WHOIS has a sister protocol called Referral Whois (RWhois).
Saint Patrick, Bishop of Ireland
Saint Patrick, Bishop of Ireland is a 1746 painting by Giambattista Tiepolo, produced for the Canons Regular of the Lateran at the church of San Giovanni di Verdara, who venerated him as a member of their own order. It is now in the Musei civici di Padova.

It shows Saint Patrick in the vestments of a bishop, standing on a marble pedestal and raising his left hand as he cures an invalid. The artist had difficulty with the composition - a group of pen and ink drawings survive showing possible compositions of him healing a young man, preaching or exorcising a demon.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (/tiˈɛpəloʊ/ tee-EP-ə-loh, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni batˈtista ˈtjɛːpolo, ˈtjeː-]; 5 March 1696 – 27 March 1770), also known as Giambattista (or Gianbattista) Tiepolo, was an Italian painter and printmaker from the Republic of Venice who painted in the Rococo style, considered an important member of the 18th-century Venetian school. He was prolific, and worked not only in Italy, but also in Germany and Spain.

Giovan Battista Tiepolo, together with Giambattista Pittoni, Canaletto, Giovan Battista Piazzetta, Giuseppe Maria Crespi, and Francesco Guardi are considered the traditional Old Masters of that period.

Successful from the beginning of his career, he has been described by Michael Levey as "the greatest decorative painter of eighteenth-century Europe, as well as its most able craftsman".
Player preferences among new and old violins
"Player preferences among new and old violins" is a scholarly paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in January 2012. It describes a double-blind study in which researcher Claudia Fritz of the Pierre and Marie Curie University and violinmaker Joseph Curtin asked judges and participants at the 2010 International Violin Competition of Indianapolis to choose the violin they preferred from a pool of three modern violins, two Stradivariuses, and one Guarneri 'del Gesu'. Fritz and Curtin found that participants most frequently chose a new rather than old violin. This result—which contradicts widespread belief among violinists that the best 16th and 17th century Golden Age violins are superior to the best modern ones—attracted significant media attention.

Pierre and Marie Curie University
Pierre and Marie Curie University (French: Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie [ynivɛʁsite pjɛʁ e maʁi kyʁi], UPMC), also known as Paris VI, was a public research university in Paris, France, from 1971 to 2017. The university was located on the Jussieu Campus in the Latin Quarter of the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. UPMC merged with Paris-Sorbonne University into the new Sorbonne University in 2017.
Ribeira Quente
Ribeira Quente is a civil parish in the municipality of Povoação in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 767, in an area of 9.04 km2. It is the smallest (by area), the lowest (by elevation) and the southernmost of the parishes in municipality. It contains the localities Castelo, Eira das Freiras, Fogo, Ribeira Quente, Ponta da Albufeira and Ponta do Garajau.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Aikido World Championships
The Aikido World Championships is a tournament organized by the style of Tomiki Aikido or Shodokan Aikido following the wishes of its founder Tomiki Kenji. Although, the competition itself is open for all practitioners regardless of style, competitors are predominantly Tomiki Aikido or Shodokan members. Events are split into Embu (Kata) and Randori, as well as team events, with some events being specific to Kyu or Dan grades. 
The competition is held in a different location every two years. The most recent events include Tokyo in 2005; Ohio in 2007; Kyoto in 2009; London in 2011, and Osaka for SAF members and Kawasaki City for (JAA) members in 2013.

Kenji Tomiki
Kenji Tomiki (富木 謙治, Tomiki Kenji; March 15, 1900 – December 25, 1979) was a Japanese martial artist who specialized in aikido and judo family of martial arts. He was a pedagogue of martial arts theory (武道論, Budo-ron). He is the founder of Japan Aikido Association and the competitive aikido (aikido kyogi) style.

Tomiki was a professor at Kenkoku University in Manchuria and later at the Faculty of Education at Waseda University. Tomiki is credited in devising and introducing new forms of Randori practice in Aikido. He founded his own Aikido system, which has many differences from other Aikido styles, mainly in randori training, and is referred by several names including Tomiki Aikido, Shodokan Aikido and Sport Aikido.