hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick Henry Smith
Patrick Henry Smith (September 29, 1827 – January 22, 1884) was an American businessperson and politician.

Born in Royalton, Vermont, Smith moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin Territory in 1847. He then settled permanently in Plymouth, Wisconsin in 1848 where he was a merchant. From 1853 to 1857, Smith served as postmaster of Plymouth, Wisconsin. In 1860, Smith was appointed deputy United States marshal. Smith was the first town clerk of Plymouth, Wisconsin and was a Democrat. He served on the Plymouth Common Council and was president of the common council. From 1880 to his death in 1884, Smith served in the Wisconsin State Senate. Smith died in Plymouth, Vermont from ill health.

Royalton, Vermont
Royalton is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,750 at the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Royalton, South Royalton, and North Royalton. Vermont Law School, the state's only accredited law school, is located in South Royalton.
Philip V of Macedon
Philip V (Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Philippos; 238 BC – 179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by the Social War in Greece (220-217 BC) and a struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First (212-205 BC) and Second (200-196 BC) Macedonian Wars. While he lost the latter, Philip later allied with Rome against Antiochus III in the Roman-Seleucid War. He died in 179 BC from illness after efforts to recover the military and economic condition of Macedonia and passed the throne onto his elder son, Perseus of Macedon.

Thessaly
Thessaly (/ˈθɛsəli/ THESS-ə-lee; Greek: Θεσσαλία, romanized: Thessalía [θesaˈli.a]; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία, Petthalía) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia (Ancient Greek: Αἰολία, Aiolía), and appears in Homer's Odyssey.

Thessaly became part of the modern Greek state in 1881, after four and a half centuries of Ottoman rule. Since 1987 it has formed one of the country's 13 regions and is further (since the Kallikratis reform of 2011) sub-divided into five regional units and 25 municipalities. The capital of the region is Larissa. Thessaly lies in northern central Greece and borders the regions of Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Central Greece to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the east. The Thessaly region also includes the Sporades islands.
Thomas Cole (cricketer)
George Thomas Cole (16 February 1846 – 6 December 1900) was an English first-class cricketer.

Cole was born at Poplar in February 1846. He made two appearances in first-class cricket for the Surrey Club in 1873 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's and The Oval. He scored 55 runs in these two matches, with a highest score of 21. He died in December 1900 at Islington.

Poplar, London
Poplar is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is located five miles (8 km) east of Charing Cross and lies on the western bank of the River Lea.

Poplar is identified as a major district centre in the London Plan, with its centre being Chrisp Street Market, a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development.

Originally part of the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney, the Hamlet of Poplar had become an autonomous area of Stepney by the 17th century, and an independent parish in 1817, the Parish and later Metropolitan Borough of Poplar. After a series of mergers, Poplar became part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in 1965.
Methodist Church, Great Budworth
The Methodist Church, Great Budworth, is a former Wesleyan Methodist Church in the village of Great Budworth, Cheshire, England.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.  It was built in the middle of the 19th century for Rowland Egerton-Warburton of nearby Arley Hall.  It is constructed in brick, has a slate roof, and consists of a rectangular building with a service wing at right angles.  It is now closed and is used as a private house.

Great Budworth
Great Budworth is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England, four miles (6.4 km) north of Northwich off the A559 road, east of Comberbach, northwest of Higher Marston and southeast of Budworth Heath. Until 1948, Great Budworth was part of the Arley Hall estate. At the 2021 census, the population of the parish was 302.
Figure Eight Inc.
Figure Eight (formerly known as Dolores Labs, CrowdFlower) was an American multinational human-in-the-loop machine learning and artificial intelligence company based in San Francisco, California.

Figure Eight technology uses human intelligence to do simple tasks such as transcribing text or annotating images to train machine learning algorithms.

Figure Eight's software automates tasks for machine learning algorithms, which can be used to improve catalog search results, approve photos or support customers and the technology can be used in the development of self-driving cars, intelligent personal assistants and other technology that uses machine learning.

In March 2019, Figure Eight was acquired by Appen for $300 million.

Human-in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop (HITL) is used in multiple contexts. It can be defined as a model requiring human interaction. HITL is associated with modeling and simulation (M&S) in the live, virtual, and constructive taxonomy. HITL, along with the related human-on-the-loop are also used in relation to lethal autonomous weapons. Further, HITL is used in the context of machine learning.
The Black Camel (film)
The Black Camel is a 1931 American pre-Code mystery film directed by Hamilton MacFadden and starring Warner Oland, Sally Eilers, Bela Lugosi, and Dorothy Revier. It is based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Earl Derr Biggers. It is the second film to star Oland as detective Charlie Chan, and the sole surviving title of the first five Chan films starring Oland. The Black Camel marked the film debut of Robert Young.

Dwight Frye
Dwight Iliff Frye (born Fry; February 22, 1899 – November 7, 1943) was an American character actor of stage and screen. He is best known for his portrayals of neurotic, murderous villains in several classic Universal horror films, such as Renfield in Dracula (1931) and Fritz in Frankenstein (1931).
Loader (surname)
Loader is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christian Loader (born 1973), Welsh rugby union player

Clive Loader (born 1953), RAF officer and Leicestershire Police and Crime Commissioner

Colin Loader (1931–2021), New Zealand rugby union player

Bill Loader (born 1944), Australian theologian

Brian Loader (born 1958), British scholar and researcher

Danyon Loader (born 1975), New Zealand swimmer

Graham Loader, editor of Hob Nob Anyone?

Jayne Loader (born 1951), American director and writer

Peter Loader (1929–2011),  English cricketer and umpire

Colin Loader
Colin James Loader (10 March 1931 – 19 June 2021) was a New Zealand rugby union player who represented the All Blacks between 1953 and 1954.

Born in Dannevirke in 1931, Loader was educated at Hutt Valley High School, where he was a member of the 1st XV between 1948 and 1950. He first represented Wellington from the University club, but switched to the Hutt club in 1952.

A second five-eighth and centre three-quarter, Loader was selected for the 1953–54 All Black tour to the British Isles, France and North America. He played 16 matches on the tour, including four test matches, scoring three tries in all. He made his international debut in Dublin against Ireland on 9 January 1954. He played all four of his test matches at the centre three-quarter position. He did not play for the All Blacks again and retired from rugby at the end of the 1955 season. He later coached at the Hutt club.

Loader died in Dunedin on 19 June 2021.
Junk science
Junk science is spurious or fraudulent scientific data, research, or analysis. The concept is often invoked in political and legal contexts where facts and scientific results have a great amount of weight in making a determination. It usually conveys a pejorative connotation that the research has been untowardly driven by political, ideological, financial, or otherwise unscientific motives.

The concept was popularized in the 1990s in relation to expert testimony in civil litigation. More recently, invoking the concept has been a tactic to criticize research on the harmful environmental or public health effects of corporate activities, and occasionally in response to such criticism.

In some contexts, junk science is counterposed to the "sound science" or "solid science" that favors one's own point of view. Junk science has been criticized for undermining public trust in real science.: 110–111  Junk science is not the same as pseudoscience.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
IEEE Std 260.1-2004
IEEE Std 260.1-2004 was a standard from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers that provided standard letter symbols for units of measurement for use in all applications in multiple contexts.  It has been withdrawn.

It covers primarily SI units and customary inch–pound units.  The symbols are sorted in alphabetical order of name from ampere (symbol A) to zetta (symbol Z), including barrel (symbol bbl), bit (symbol b), foot (symbol ft), inch (symbol in), microinch (symbol μin), kibibyte (symbol KiB), kilowatthour (symbol kWh), quart (symbol qt), slug (symbol slug) and year (symbol a). In some cases the same symbol is used for different units.  Examples are the symbols B (for bel and byte), Gb (for gigabit and gilbert), L (for liter and lambert) and rad (for rad and radian).

Radian
The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. It is defined such that one radian is the angle subtended at the center of a plane circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius. The unit is defined in the SI as the coherent unit for plane angle, as well as for phase angle. Angles without explicitly specified units are generally assumed to be measured in radians, especially in mathematical writing.
Dimitrije Ruvarac
Dimitrije "Mita" Ruvarac (Serbian: Димитрије Руварац; Stari Banovci, Austria Hungary October 25, 1842 – Sremski Karlovci, Kingdom of Yugoslavia December 16, 1931) was a Serbian historian, Orthodox priest, academic and publisher. He is known for being one of the most active publishers of his time.

Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремски Карловци, pronounced [srêːmskiː kâːrloːʋt͡si]) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the banks of the Danube, 8 kilometres (5 miles) from Novi Sad. According to the 2022 census results, it has a population of 7,872 inhabitants. The town has traditionally been known as the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Habsburg Monarchy. It was the political and cultural capital of Serbian Vojvodina after the May Assembly and during the Revolution in 1848.
Flatley
Flatley is an Irish surname. Its original form is Ó Flaitile. Notable people with the surname include:

Bert Flatley (1919–1987), English soccer player and manager

Elton Flatley (born 1977), Australian rugby union player

Jack Flatley (born 1994), English professional boxer

James H. Flatley (1906–1958), American vice admiral, naval aviator and tactician

James H. Flatley III (1934–2025), a rear admiral in the United States Navy

Michael Flatley (born 1958), American step dancer, writer, flautist and choreographer

Norah Flatley, American gymnast

Patricia Flatley Brennan, American nurse and academic

Patrick Flatley (born 1963), Canadian ice hockey player

Paul Flatley (1941–2025), American NFL player

Stavros Flatley, finalist on Britain's Got Talent (series 3)

Thomas Flatley (died 2008), Irish-American real estate tycoon and philanthropist

Patricia Flatley Brennan
Patricia Flatley Brennan was the director of the National Library of Medicine from 2016 to 2023. Prior to that, she was the Lillian L. Moehlman Bascom Professor, School of Nursing and College of Engineering, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Brennan received a Master of Science in nursing from the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. in industrial engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She served as chair of University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering's Department of Industrial Engineering from 2007 to 2010.
Eravathur
Eravathur is a small village situated towards the south end of Thrissur district of Kerala state in India. This village is situated nearly 40 km (25 mi) away from Ernakulam city and nearly 45 km (28 mi) from Thrissur city.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
2015 Oceania Women's Sevens Championship
The 2015 Oceania Women's Sevens Championship was the fifth Oceania Women's Sevens tournament. It was held in Auckland, New Zealand on 14–15 November 2015. As well as determining the regional championship, the tournament was also a qualifying event for the 2016 Olympics sevens, with the highest-placed eligible team not already qualified gaining a direct berth to Rio de Janeiro.

Fiji won the tournament, defeating Samoa 55–0 in the final. The second and third place getters Samoa and the Cook Islands received invitations to the final qualification tournament. Australia and New Zealand did not participate in the 2015 Oceania Women's Sevens as they had already qualified for the 2016 Olympics.

Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Rugby sevens at the 2016 Summer Olympics was held over six days in August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. The 2016 Olympics was the debut for rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics, though rugby union was last played at the 1924 games.

The usual laws of rugby sevens applied.
2019 Rugby World Cup – Africa qualification
Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for Africa Rugby began in June 2016, with 14 teams competing. On 18 August 2018, Namibia qualified for the World Cup by winning the 2018 Rugby Africa Gold Cup, defeating Kenya, who finished second and advanced to the repechage tournament.

Kenya national rugby union team
The Kenya national rugby union team, commonly known as the Simbas (Swahili for lions), is the country's national team managed by the Kenya Rugby Union.
The team plays in red, green, and black jerseys with black or white shorts.
The Simbas represent Kenya in the Africa Cup and various other tournaments across the continent. 
They currently rank 34 in the World Rugby Rankings and fourth in Africa. Kenya is yet to qualify for the Rugby World Cup.

The Simbas' home ground is the RFUEA Ground which opened to an East Africa side against the British and Irish Lions in 1955.
Eric Clutton
Eric Clutton was an aircraft and aero-engine designer most noted for his FRED (Flying Runabout Experimental Design), a pioneering British homebuilt aircraft of the 1960s. During the 1970s, he worked on developing a geared version of the Volkswagen air-cooled engine for aircraft use, and the Clutton-Tabenor EC.2 (or "Easy Too"), a homebuilt sportsplane intended to showcase the potential of the new engine.

In the United States, he built a business out of designing model aircraft for radio control, and a line of diesel engines to power them under the name "Doctor Diesel", continuing his line of experimental model designs since his childhood in the UK.

Clutton-Tabenor Easy Too
The Clutton-Tabenor Easy Too (originally the E.C.2) was a small homebuilt aircraft under development in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. It was intended to be a flying showcase for designer Eric Clutton's adaptation of the Volkswagen air-cooled engine as a geared aero-engine. The lines of the aircraft were influenced by the Percival Mew Gull racer of the 1930s, but it was to have retractable undercarriage. The wings were designed to be folded to allow the aircraft to be towed behind a car.

Work on the prototype was abandoned when Clutton emigrated to the United States and the Easy Too never flew.
Edwin Morgan (poet)
Edwin George Morgan OBE FRSE (27 April 1920 – 19 August 2010) was a Scottish poet and translator associated with the Scottish Renaissance. He is widely recognised as one of the foremost Scottish poets of the 20th century. In 1999, Morgan was made the first Glasgow Poet Laureate. In 2004, he was named as the first Makar or National Poet for Scotland.

Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize
The Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize is an annual literary prize for any book-length translation into English from any other living European language. The first prize was awarded in 1999. The prize is funded by and named in honour of Lord Weidenfeld and by New College, The Queen's College and St Anne's College, Oxford.
Keasbey Nights
Keasbey Nights is the debut album by the American ska punk band Catch 22, released on March 24, 1998, by Victory Records. It is the only album by the band's original lineup, as singer/songwriter/guitarist Tomas Kalnoky, bassist Josh Ansley, and horn player James Egan all left the group later that year. Kalnoky re-recorded the entire album in 2006 with his new band Streetlight Manifesto in response to Victory's plan to re-release it. The album's title references Keasbey, New Jersey, an unincorporated area within the Woodbridge Township of Middlesex County.

Victory Records
Victory Records was a Chicago-based record label founded by Tony Brummel. It operates a music publishing company called "Another Victory, Inc." and is the distributor of several record labels. It has featured many prominent artists including Thursday, Hawthorne Heights, Silverstein, Taking Back Sunday, Bayside, Streetlight Manifesto, and A Day to Remember.

In September 2019, years after acquiring a portion of the label's catalogue, Concord acquired Victory Records and Another Victory for $30 million. Craft Recordings has been managing Victory Record's catalog since Concord acquired the label. Victory has not signed any new bands or released any new records since its acquisition. The label now operates solely as the distributor of the label's alumni, in addition to reissues.

Victory's catalogue includes 4,500 master recordings and 3,500 compositions through its publisher Another Victory.
Peter Tarr Furnace Site
The Peter Tarr Furnace was the first iron furnace west of the Alleghenies.  The furnace was built in the 1790s by a man named Grant on property owned by American pioneer James Campbell along Kings Creek near modern Weirton, West Virginia in Hancock County.  Peter Tarr purchased the business shortly after its construction, as Grant was no longer able to maintain it.  Along with a partner, Peter Tarr then established the firm of Connell, Tarr, & Company.  A forerunner to the modern steel mill, the furnace was fueled using local timber and produced about two tons of metal daily.

The metal produced at the mill was typically used to make cooking utensils and iron grates.  However, during the War of 1812 the metal was used to cast the cannonballs used by Commodore Oliver H. Perry in the 1813 Battle of Lake Erie.

The  furnace remained in operation until 1840.  In 1968 the shell of the furnace was reconstructed as a permanent landmark.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Whiteschist
A whiteschist is an uncommon metamorphic rock formed at high to ultra-high pressures. It has the characteristic mineral assemblage of kyanite + talc, responsible for its white colour. The name was introduced in 1973 by German mineralogist and petrologist Werner Schreyer. This rock is associated with the metamorphism of some pelites, evaporite sequences or altered basaltic or felsic intrusions.  Whiteschists form in the MgO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (MFASH) system. Rocks of this primary chemistry are extremely uncommon and they are in most cases thought to be the result of metasomatic alteration, with the removal of various mobile elements.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.