hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling
Various governmental agencies involved with environmental protection and with occupational safety and health have promulgated regulations limiting the allowable concentrations of gaseous pollutants in the ambient air or in emissions to the ambient air. Such regulations involve a number of different expressions of concentration.  Some express the concentrations as ppmv and some express the concentrations as mg/m3, while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, oxygen content or carbon dioxide content. This article presents a set of useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling of atmospheric pollutants and for complying with the various regulations as to how to express the concentrations obtained by such modeling.

Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe the small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are

parts-per-million – ppm, 10−6

parts-per-billion – ppb, 10−9

parts-per-trillion – ppt, 10−12

parts-per-quadrillion – ppq, 10−15

This notation is not part of the International System of Units (the SI system) and its meaning is ambiguous. In chemistry, ambiguity arises because parts-per notation is able to be used to refer to a mole fraction and a mass fraction, which are unequal depending on the molar mass of the substance.
Julie Cooper (EastEnders)
Julie Cooper is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Louise Plowright from 1989 to 1990. The character was one of Mike Gibbon's introductions, but she was axed in 1990 at the start of Michael Ferguson's reign as executive producer. Julie is portrayed as a bubbly, big haired Salford girl, who has a hungry appetite for men.

Steve McFadden
Steve Robert McFadden (né Reid; born 20 March 1959) is an English actor. He is known for his role as Phil Mitchell in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders, which he has played since 1990. He has received accolades including the British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement. McFadden was also the presenter of the game show Britain's Hardest (2004).
Chakkalathi
Chakkalathi (transl. Mistress) is a 1979 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Devaraj–Mohan and written Alagapuri Alagappan. The film stars Sudhakar, Shoba, Ambika and Vijayan. It was the debut of Ambika, who later became one of Tamil cinema's biggest stars in the 1980s. The film was released on 7 December 1979.

Vijayan (actor)
Tirur Vijayan was an Indian actor, primarily working in  Tamil and Malayalam films in the late 1970s and early 1980s as a hero before transitioning to supporting roles. He died following a cardiac arrest in 2007 while he was shooting for Aayudham Seivom. His wife was the niece of former Chief Minister of Kerala E. K. Nayanar.
Óscar García (footballer, born 1990)
Óscar Alberto García Fernández (born 16 May 1990) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Motagua in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras.

He signed with Motagua in January 2021.

Hondurans
Hondurans (Spanish: Hondureños; also called catrachos) are the citizens of Honduras. Most Hondurans live in Honduras, although there is also a significant Honduran diaspora, particularly in the United States, Spain, and many smaller communities in other countries around the world.
New Jersey Swimming
New Jersey Swimming (NJ) is the Local Swimming Committee (LSC) (governing body) for competitive swimming in the central and northern New Jersey area.  They are a member of USA Swimming and the Eastern Zone. Most of the athletes who compete in NJ-sponsored swim meets are youths under the age of 18.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Bradly Sinden
Bradly John Sinden (born 19 September 1998) is a British Taekwondo athlete who won gold at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships, becoming the first British male World Taekwondo champion.

At the following 2020 Summer Olympics, he reached the final in his weight category where he won a silver medal, losing 34–29 against Ulugbek Rashitov. Sinden's medal was the first medal guaranteed for Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics when he qualified for the 68 kg final, although judoku Chelsie Giles was the first to actually have the colour of her medal confirmed and medal awarded.

He won the silver medal in the men's featherweight event at the 2022 World Taekwondo Championships held in Guadalajara, Mexico before taking his first European title in Manchester in 2022.

At the 2024 Summer Olympics, Sinden lost in the semis-finals and withdrew from his bronze medal match due to injury.

2019 World Taekwondo Championships
The 2019 World Taekwondo Championships was the 24th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships and was held at the Manchester Arena, in Manchester, Great Britain from 15 to 19 May 2019. This was the first time the UK has held the event.
Thrincophora ostracopis
Thrincophora ostracopis is a moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1938. It is found on Seram and on New Guinea, where it has been recorded from Papua north-west New Guinea. The habitat consists of lower montane forests.

Seram Island
Seram (formerly spelled Ceram; also Seran or Serang) is the largest and main island of Maluku province of Indonesia, despite Ambon Island's historical importance. It is located just north of the smaller Ambon Island and a few other adjacent islands, such as Saparua, Haruku, Nusa Laut and the Banda Islands.
Gary Elkins (politician)
Gary Wayne Elkins (March 15, 1955 - November 26, 2025) was an American businessman and politician who was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives. From 1995, with the advent of the George W. Bush gubernatorial administration, until 2019, Elkins represented District 135 in Harris County.

Elkins won his eleventh term in the state House in the general election held on November 4, 2014, when he defeated Democrat Moiz A. Abbas of Houston. He won his twelfth term on November 8, 2016, with 26,685 votes (47.7 percent). He was unseated in his bid for a thirteenth term by Democrat Jon Rosenthal, who polled 28,430 votes (50.8 percent). Another 866 votes (1.5 percent) went to the Libertarian Party candidate, Paul Bilyeu.

Elkins died on November 26, 2025 in Houston, Texas, at the age of 70.

General election
A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections typically occur at regular intervals as mandated by a country's constitution or electoral laws, and may include elections for a legislature and sometimes other positions such as a directly elected president. In many jurisdictions, general elections can coincide with other electoral events such as local, regional, or supranational elections. For example, on 25 May 2014, Belgian voters simultaneously elected their national parliament, 21 members of the European Parliament, and regional parliaments.

In the United States, "general election" has a slightly different, but related meaning: the ordinary electoral competition following the selection of candidates in the primary election.
Armenian Prelacy of Aleppo
Armenian Prelacy of Aleppo (Armenian: Հալեպի թեմ Halepi Tem), is one of the oldest dioceses of the Armenian Apostolic Church outside the historic Armenian territories, covering the Syrian city of Aleppo and the governorates of Deir ez-Zor, Idlib, Latakia and Raqqa. It is known as Beroea, being named after one of the ancient names of Aleppo; when the city was renamed Beroea (Βέροια) in 301 BC by Seleucus Nicator until the Arab conquest of Syria and Aleppo in 637 AD. The seat of the bishop is the Forty Martyrs Cathedral of Aleppo. It is under the jurisdiction of the Holy See of Cilicia of the Armenian Church.

Deir ez-Zor Governorate
Deir ez-Zor Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة دير الزور Muḥāfaẓat Dayr az-Zawr) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in eastern Syria, bordering Iraq. It has an area of 33,060 km2 (12,760 sq mi) and a population of 1,239,000 (2011 estimate). The capital is Deir ez-Zor. It is divided roughly equally from northwest to southeast by the Euphrates.
Listed buildings in Bunny, Nottinghamshire
Bunny is a civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England.  The parish contains 25 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, two are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Bunny and the surrounding area.  Many of the listed buildings were designed by Sir Thomas Parkyns, including his home, the country house Bunny Hall and associated structures.  In the village he designed houses and associated structures, a coaching inn, a school and almshouses, a water house, and the vicarage.  The other listed buildings include a church, and another school, later the parish rooms.

Almshouse
An almshouse (also known as a bede-house, poorhouse, or hospital) is charitable housing provided to people in a particular community, especially during the Middle Ages. They were often built for the poor of a locality, for those who had held certain jobs, or their widows, and for elderly people who could no longer pay rent. They are generally maintained by a charity or the trustees of a bequest. "Alms" are, in the Christian tradition, money or services donated to support the poor and indigent. Almshouses were originally formed as extensions of the church system and were later adapted by local officials and authorities.
KDRM
KDRM (99.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Moses Lake, Washington, United States. The station is owned by Jeffery Huffman, through licensee Jacobs Radio Programming, LLC. The transmitter for KDRM is located on Marsh Island, next to the transmitter for KBSN, its sister station on AM 1470.

KDRM broadcasts live at local events including the Spring Festival (aka Springfest) and Grant County Fair. Moses Lake High School sports and Seattle Seahawks are broadcast on KBSN.

Moses Lake, Washington
Moses Lake is a city in Grant County, Washington, United States. The population was 25,146 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 26,969 in 2024. Moses Lake is the most populous city in Grant County. The city anchors the Moses Lake Micropolitan area, which includes all of Grant County and is part of the Moses Lake–Othello combined statistical area.

Moses Lake, on which the city lies, is made up of three main arms over 18 miles (29 km) long and up to one mile (1.6 km) wide. It is the largest natural body of fresh water in Grant County and has over 120 miles (190 km) of shoreline covering 6,500 acres (2,600 ha). Before it was dammed in the early 1900s and then incorporated into the Columbia Basin Project, Moses Lake was a smaller shallow lake. To the south of the town is the Potholes Reservoir and the Columbia National Wildlife Refuge that has a number of seep lakes and vast amounts of migratory birds and other fauna natural to the area.
Vincent J. Dellay
Vincent John Dellay (June 23, 1907, Union City, New Jersey – April 16, 1999, Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey) was an American banker, World War II veteran, and politician who represented New Jersey's 14th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for one term from 1957 to 1959.

Originally elected as a Republican, Dellay announced in 1957 that he would support Democratic candidate Robert B. Meyner for Governor of New Jersey and would caucus with the Democrats in Congress.

New Jersey Department of the Treasury
The mission of the New Jersey Department of the Treasury is to formulate and manage the state's budget, generate and collect revenues, disburse the appropriations used to operate New Jersey state government, manage the state's physical and financial assets, and provide statewide support services to state and local government agencies as well as the citizens of New Jersey. The department’s overriding goal is to ensure the most beneficial use of fiscal resources and revenues to meet critical needs, all within a policy framework set by the governor.

The Office of the State Treasurer is one of the oldest units of New Jersey state government, the first treasurer named in 1776, following adoption of the first Constitution of New Jersey.
James V. Forrestal Building
The James V. Forrestal Building is a low-rise Brutalist office building in Washington, D.C. Originally known as Federal Office Building 5, and nicknamed the Little Pentagon, the Forrestal Building was constructed between 1965 and 1969 to accommodate United States Armed Forces personnel. It is named after James Forrestal, the first U.S. defense secretary. It became the headquarters of the United States Department of Energy after that agency's creation in 1977.

The 1,688,484-square-foot (156,865.3 m2) Forrestal Building is located at 1000 Independence Avenue SW. It consists of three structures: an East Building with eight floors above ground, the North Building with four floors above ground, and a West Building with two floors above ground. All three structures are connected by two floors of underground office space. In order to provide access to L'Enfant Plaza, the North Building is raised up on 35-foot-high (11 m) pilotis (or columns).

National Capital Planning Commission
The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) is a U.S. government executive branch agency that provides planning guidance for Washington, D.C., and the surrounding National Capital Region. Through its planning policies and review of development proposals, the Commission seeks to protect and enhance the resources of the U.S. national capital.

The 12-member commission includes three presidential appointees, of which one must be from Virginia and one from Maryland, the mayor of Washington, D.C., the chair of the Council of the District of Columbia, two mayoral appointees, the chairs of the House and Senate committees with review authority over the District, and the heads of the three major land holding agencies, which are the Department of Defense, the Department of the Interior, and the General Services Administration. The Commission is supported by a professional staff of planners, architects, urban designers, historic preservation officers, among others.
Silane
Silane (Silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SiH4. It is a colorless, pyrophoric gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid. Silane is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. Silanes with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Silanes with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents.  They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Charles Desmarets
Charles Desmarets, was a French knight. He was a son of Antoine des Marets.

In 1435, Desmarets captured Dieppe from the English garrison and set about expanding and improving the castle.

An English army led by John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury besieged Dieppe between 2 November 1442 until 14 August 1443. The Dieppe garrison was led by Desmarets. The English siege was broken by a relief army led by the Dauphin Louis.

Siege of Dieppe
The siege of Dieppe (2 November 1442 – 14 August 1443) took place during the Hundred Years War where English forces led by John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury besieged and failed to capture the French-held port of Dieppe in Normandy.
Western Lombard dialects
Western Lombard is a group of varieties of the Lombard language, a Romance language of the Gallo-Italic subgroup. It is spoken primarily in Italy and Switzerland. Within Italy, it is prevalent in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza and Brianza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, and parts of Cremona (excluding Crema and its immediate surroundings), Lodi, and Pavia. In Piedmont, it is spoken in the provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, the eastern area of the Province of Alessandria (around Tortona), and a small part of Vercelli (Valsesia). In Switzerland, Western Lombard is spoken in the canton of Ticino and part of the canton of Graubünden.

Due to its historical association with the Duchy of Milan, Western Lombard is frequently referred to as Insubric (from Insubria and Insubres) or Milanese. The term Cisabduan ("Cisabduano", literally "on this side of the Adda River") is also used, particularly in linguistic contexts, following the terminology introduced by Clemente Merlo.

Valsesia
Valsesia (Piedmontese: Valsesia; Walser German: Tseschrutol) is a group of valleys in the north-east of Piedmont in the Province of Vercelli, Italy; the principal valley is that of the river Sesia.

The major towns located here are Varallo Sesia,Borgosesia, Quarona and Valduggia; tourist villages include Alagna Valsesia, Rima San Giuseppe, Carcoforo and Scopello. While the valley mainly belongs to the province of Vercelli three of its comuni, namely Romagnano Sesia, Prato Sesia and Grignasco, are part of the province of Novara; however, they are not historically part of Valsesia but only geographically.
Local color (visual art)
In painting, local color is the color of an object when seen under flat white light with no adjustment for form shadow or colors of light or secondary light sources. An example would be the assumption that an apple is "red" when it is actually dependent on the color of the light hitting it, color of objects around it, glossiness, and variations within the colors on the surface of the apple itself. Local color is learned in childhood to help simplify and make sense of the world. "The sky is blue", "grass is green", etc. when there are actually myriad variations in hue, chroma, within these areas. In order to represent objects realistically, painters must look beyond the simplifications of local color. Demonstrations of color constancy show how flawed local color assumptions can be when the light source has a color shift.

In contemporary sculpture local color is the original color of the raw material that remains unpainted in the completed work.

Color constancy
Color constancy is an example of subjective constancy and a feature of the human color perception system which ensures that the perceived color of objects remains relatively constant under varying illumination conditions. A green apple for instance looks green to us at midday, when the main illumination is white sunlight, and also at sunset, when the main illumination is red. This helps us identify objects.
Rhynchostegium serrulatum
Rhynchotegium serrulatum is a species of moss in the Brachytheciaceae family. It is mainly distributed throughout the Americas.

Rhynchotegium serrulatum is known to be able to use artificial light to grow in places which are otherwise devoid of natural light, such as Niagara Cave.

Niagara Cave
Niagara Cave is a limestone cave located in Harmony, Minnesota.  The cave is approximately 200 feet (61 m) deep; features include an underground stream, 60-foot waterfall, fossils, stalactites and stalagmites.  The cave is privately owned, with tours available seasonally.

The cave was first discovered in 1924, and in 1932, three spelunkers Al Cremer, Leo Tekippe, and Joe Flynn explored the cave and named the site Niagara Cave. Niagara Cave opened as a show cave in June 1934, and was described by geologist J Harlen Bretz in 1938.

The Minnesota Geological Survey noted in their 1995 survey, "Niagara Cave contains an excellent example of an underground river, complete with waterfall."
Telecommunications in the Federated States of Micronesia
This article is about communications systems in the Federated States of Micronesia.

In 2010, Pohnpei State was connected to the Internet using the HANTRU-1 undersea communications cable to provide high-speed bandwidth. Kosrae State, Chuuk State, and Yap State, were planned to be connected in a second phase.

Kolonia
Kolonia is a coastal town and the capital of Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It's not to be confused with the far smaller Colonia, the capital of the State of Yap. It was also the former FSM capital before being replaced by Palikir in 1989, located nearby to the southwest in the municipality of Sokehs. It has a population of 6,074.
Miss Teen USA 1996
Miss Teen USA 1996, the 14th Miss Teen USA pageant, was televised live from Las Cruces, New Mexico, on August 21, 1996.  At the conclusion of the final competition, Christie Lee Woods of Texas was crowned by outgoing queen Keylee Sue Sanders of Kansas.

The pageant was hosted by Bob Goen for the third and final year, with color commentary by Shari Belafonte and entertainment from The Monkees.  This was the only year that the pageant was held in Las Cruces, although Albuquerque had previously played host to the 1987 Miss USA pageant. For the first time ever, 6 out of 10 semifinalists were African-American.

Miss Texas Teen USA
The Miss Texas Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Texas in the Miss Teen USA pageant. This pageant is part of the Miss USA organization.

Texas is in the top 5 most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements. Alongside Oregon and Missouri, they are the only three states to have produced three winners.

Laika Kayani Patel of Austin was crowned Miss Texas Teen USA 2025 on May 4, 2025, at Hilton Houston Post Oak in Houston. She represented Texas at Miss Teen USA 2025.
Istanbul Biennial
The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially in Istanbul, Turkey, since 1987. The Biennial has been organised by the Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts (IKSV) since its inception.

Jens Hoffmann
Jens Hoffmann Mesén (born 1974 in San José, Costa Rica) is a writer, editor, educator, and exhibition maker. His work has attempted to expand the definition and context of exhibition making. From 2003 to 2007 Hoffmann was director of exhibitions at the Institute of Contemporary Arts London. He is the former director of the CCA Wattis Institute for Contemporary Art from 2007 to 2016 and deputy director for exhibitions and programs at The Jewish Museum from 2012 to 2017; he was terminated from the position following an investigation into sexual harassment allegations raised by staff members. Hoffmann has held several teaching positions including California College of the Arts, the Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti and Goldsmiths, University of London, as well as others.