hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heat flux
In physics and engineering, heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density, heat-flow density or heat-flow rate intensity, is a flow of energy per unit area per unit time. Its SI units are watts per square metre (W/m2). It has both a direction and a magnitude, and so it is a vector quantity. To define the heat flux at a certain point in space, one takes the limiting case where the size of the surface becomes infinitesimally small.

Heat flux is often denoted , the subscript q specifying heat flux, as opposed to mass or momentum flux. Fourier's law is an important application of these concepts.

Time in physics
In physics, time is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads.  In classical, non-relativistic physics, it is a scalar quantity (often denoted by the symbol ) and, like length, mass, and charge, is usually described as a fundamental quantity. Time can be combined mathematically with other physical quantities to derive other concepts such as motion, kinetic energy and time-dependent fields.  Timekeeping is a complex of technological and scientific issues, and part of the foundation of recordkeeping.
Esporte Clube São Luiz
Esporte Clube São Luiz, commonly known as São Luiz, is a Brazilian professional association football club based in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul. The team plays in Série D, the fourth tier of the Brazilian football league system, as well as in the Gauchão Série A, the top tier of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league.

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Niels Jacobsen (businessman)
Niels Jacobsen (born 31 August 1957 in Fredericia, Denmark) is a Danish business executive and landowner. He is chairman of the board at Lego Group and deputy chairman at Mærsk. He was CEO of the hearing aid company Demant until March 2017.

The Lego Group
Lego Systems A/S, also known as the Lego Group (stylised as the LEGO Group), is a Danish construction toy manufacturer and media company based in Billund. It manufactures Lego-branded toys, consisting mostly of interlocking acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic and rubber bricks. The Lego Group has also built several amusement parks around the world, each known as Legoland, and operates numerous retail stores.

The name Lego is derived from the Danish phrase leg godt, meaning "play well".

The company was founded in 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen. In the first half of 2015, the Lego Group became the world's largest toy company by revenue, with sales amounting to US$2.1 billion, surpassing Mattel, which had US$1.9 billion in sales. As of 2025, the company is owned by the Kristiansen family via their family office, investment firm Kirkbi.
The Glenbrook
Glenbrook is a 2-6-0, Mogul type, narrow-gauge steam railway locomotive built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1875 for the Carson and Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company's 3 ft (914 mm) Lake Tahoe narrow-gauge railroad.

3 ft gauge railways
Three foot gauge railways have a track gauge of 3 ft (914 mm) or 1 yard. This gauge is a narrow gauge and is generally found throughout North, Central, and South America. In Ireland, many secondary and industrial lines were built to 3 ft gauge, and it is the dominant gauge on the Isle of Man, where it is known as the Manx Standard Gauge. Modern 3 ft gauge railways are most commonly found in isolated mountainous areas, on small islands, or in large-scale amusement parks and theme parks (see table below). This gauge is also popular in model railroading (particularly in G scale), and model prototypes of these railways have been made by several model train brands around the world, such as Accucraft Trains (US), Aristo-Craft Trains (US), Bachmann Industries (Hong Kong), Delton Locomotive Works (US), LGB (Germany), and PIKO (Germany).
Peter Chang (artist)
Peter Chang (1944–2017) was a British and Chinese artist known for his distinctive jewelry. He trained as a graphic designer and sculptor at the Liverpool College of Art. He won the Liverpool Senior City Scholarship in 1966 which enabled him to study in Paris at Atelier 17 under S.W. Hayter. From the 1980s onward, he focused on jewelry-making. His collection was featured in Rifat Ozbek’s 1987 fashion show. His work is in collections around the world, including the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim, German Goldsmith's House and the Cooper Hewitt.

Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a design museum at the Andrew Carnegie Mansion in Manhattan, New York City, along the Upper East Side's Museum Mile. It is one of 19 Smithsonian Institution museums and one of three Smithsonian facilities located in New York City, along with the National Museum of the American Indian's George Gustav Heye Center in Bowling Green and the Archives of American Art New York Research Center in the Flatiron District. Unlike other Smithsonian museums, Cooper Hewitt charges an admissions fee. It is the only museum in the United States devoted to historical and contemporary design. Its collections and exhibitions explore design aesthetic and creativity from throughout the United States' history.
1994 Arizona gubernatorial election
The 1994 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1994, for the post of Governor of Arizona. Fife Symington, the incumbent Republican Governor of Arizona, defeated the Democratic nominee Eddie Basha to win a second term in office. However, Symington resigned in 1997 due to a federal indictment on corruption charges.

Paul Johnson (American politician)
Paul Edward Johnson Jr. (born July 6, 1959, in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American politician from the state of Arizona. Johnson was the mayor of Phoenix from 1990 to 1994. Johnson grew up in Sunnyslope. Johnson was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Arizona in 1998, losing in a landslide to incumbent Governor Jane Dee Hull. He later left the Democratic Party and became an independent. In 2025, Johnson became chairman of the Arizona Independent Party.

Johnson attended Sunnyslope grade school and graduated from Sunnyslope High School. Johnson took almost a decade to earn his undergraduate degree as he worked days and went to school at night. He majored in history at Arizona State University and received a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration from the University of Phoenix. Paul also attended the Harvard Kennedy School executive program.
Kieran Denvir
Kieran Denvir (Irish: Ciarán O Doinbhir; January 1932 – 9 August 2022) was a Gaelic footballer and hurler from Northern Ireland. He was a member of the Down senior football team from 1952 until 1960. At club level he played with numerous teams, including Kilclief,  University College Dublin, Ballina Stephenites, and Greencastle.

1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1960 All-Ireland Football Championship was the 74th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 1 May 1960 and ended on 25 September 1960.

Fermanagh back in the Ulster championship for the first time since 1948.

Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 25 September 1960, Down won the championship following a 2–10 to 0–8 defeat of Kerry in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.

Down's James McCartan Sr. was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.
Unguinychus
Unguinychus (meaning "claw claw") is an extinct genus of drepanosaurid reptiles from the Late Triassic Garita Creek Formation of New Mexico, United States. The genus contains a single species, U. onyx, known from several partial claws. In contrast to some of its relatives that may have been arboreal, Unguinychus may have been a more fossorial species. Based on the morphology of the claws, Unguinychus appears to be most similar to Skybalonyx, another possibly fossorial drepanosaur from the Chinle Formation of Arizona.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Giorgio Bassi
Giorgio Bassi (born 20 January 1934 in Milan) is a former Formula One driver from Italy who raced in the 1965 Italian Grand Prix for the Scuderia Centro Sud team. He was also a regular participant in Italian Formula 3 and took a class win in the 1965 Targa Florio in a 1-litre ASA Prototype.

Formula Three
Formula Three (F3) is a third-tier class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers.
Stellar archaeology
Stellar archaeology is the study of the early history of the universe, based on its early composition. By examining the chemical abundances of the earliest stars in the universe: metal-poor, Population II stars; insights are gained into their earlier, metal-free, Population III progenitors. This sheds light on such processes as galaxy formation and evolution, early star formation, nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae, and the formation processes of the galactic halo. The field has already discovered that the Milky Way cannibalizes surrounding dwarf galaxies, giving it a youthful appearance.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.
Serpil Hamdi Tüzün
Serpil Hamdi Tüzün is a Turkish football coach who coached the Beşiktaş J.K. senior team for the 1979–80 season. Primarily a youth coach, he worked with the youth of Beşiktaş representing some of the finest names to the football stage. He also worked as a youth coach for the Turkey national youth football team, collecting a European under-18 championship gold medal in 1992. Tüzün came second in the same tournament in 1993. Tüzün worked as a youth coach in Azerbaijan as well. He worked in Ajax as an intern with Ștefan Kovács. He developed many football players in the Beşiktaş youth team, such as Sergen Yalcin, Feyyaz Ucar, Ali Gultiken, and Metin Tekin.

1992 UEFA European Under-18 Championship
The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1992 Final Tournament was held in Germany. It also served as the European qualification for the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship. Players born on or after 1 August 1973 were eligible to participate in this competition.
Gasha (Peru)
Gasha (possibly from Quechua kasha thorn or spine) is a 4,880-metre-high (16,010 ft) mountain in the northern part of the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Pacllón District, and in the Huánuco Region, Lauricocha Province, Queropalca District. Gasha lies northwest of Mitococha and north of Paria.

Department of Ancash
Ancash (Quechua: Anqash; Spanish: Áncash pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's west, it is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote.
Armenousa
Armenousa (fl. 7th century) was, according to legend, a daughter of Cyrus of Alexandria and intended bride of Heraclius Constantine who defended Egypt during the Arab conquest. Her historicity is questioned by most modern historians, particularly Alfred J. Butler, who said that "these myths, which are often inspired by the fancy of the Arabian Nights, must be banished from the domain of history".

Al-Waqidi
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Waqid al-Aslami (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن واقد الاسلمي, romanized: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn Wāqid al-Aslamī) (c. 130 – 207 AH; commonly referred to as al-Waqidi (Arabic: الواقدي; c. 747 – 823 AD) was an early Arab Muslim historian and biographer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, specializing in his military campaigns. His surname is derived from his grandfather's name Waqid, and thus he became famous as al-Imam al-Waqidi. He served as a judge (qadi) for the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. Several of al-Waqidi's works are known through his scribe and student (in the field of the al-maghazi genre), Ibn Sa'd.
Eacles oslari
Eacles oslari, or Oslar's eacles, is a moth of the family Saturniidae. It is found from the Santa Rita, Patagonia, Atascosa and Huachuca mountains of southern Arizona south into Sonora, Sinaloa and Chihuahua in Mexico. Wings vary from yellow to purple brown. The species was first described by Walter Rothschild and Ernest J. Oslar in 1907. Oslar was the first entomology curator for the Colorado Museum of Natural History (currently the Denver Museum of Nature & Science). Oslar was employed by Rothchild to provide specimens, and the moth was later named after him.

The wingspan 112–146 mm. Adults are on wing from July to August. They are vulnerable to predation from bats.

The larvae feed on Quercus oblongifolia, Quercus emoryi and Sapindus saponaria drummondii.

Quercus emoryi
Quercus emoryi, the Emory oak, is a species of oak common in Arizona (including inside Saguaro National Park), New Mexico and western Texas (including inside Big Bend National Park), United States, and northern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila (including Parque Nacional Maderas del Carmen), Durango, Nuevo León, and San Luis Potosí). It typically grows in dry hills at moderate altitudes.
George van Parris
George van Parris (died 1551) was a Dutch Arian, who was burnt at the stake in London having been excommunicated by his fellow Dutchmen for denying that Jesus Christ was God.

George van Parris attended one of the Stranger churches, which were congregations of European Christians, where he was excommunicated and his remains denied a Christian burial by being burned, presumably with the knowledge of the Polish superintendent over the various congregations, John Lasco. Edward VI, who permitted the foreign congregations to hold services, wrote in his diary, "A certain Arian, of the strangers, a Dutchman, being excommunicated by the congregation, was, after long disputation, condemned to the fire."

Jan Łaski
Jan Łaski or Johannes à Lasco (1499 – 8 January 1560) was a Polish Calvinist reformer.  Owing to his influential work in England (1548–1553) during the English Reformation, he is known to the English-speaking world by the Anglicised form John à Lasco (or less commonly, John Laski).
Delikanlım
Delikanlım (English: My Boy or My Lad) is the first album by Turkish singer Yıldız Tilbe. It was released on 15 June 1994 by publisher Tempa & Foneks. The album has ten songs. Tilbe wrote lyrics for all the songs, and four songs had both music and lyrics by Yıldız Tilbe. The folk song "Zülüf"  was composed by Neşet Ertaş. Some of the other songs on the album are "Çal Oyna", "Sana Değer", "Sevemedim Ayrılığı", and "Sevdanın Tadı". Delikanlım was the biggest hit of 1994 in Turkey, and was played throughout the country that year. The album arrangements were done by Bülent Özdemir and Tarık Sezer. Featured vocalists on the album include Zeynep and Kenan Doğulu. The album sold 600,000 copies, becoming one of the best-selling albums in the 1990s in Turkey.

Neşet Ertaş
Neşet Ertaş (1938 – 25 September 2012) was a Turkish folk music singer, lyricist, modern ashik and virtuoso of the traditional Turkish instrument the bağlama. His profession in Turkish is known as halk ozanı, which literally means "folk bard". Yaşar Kemal gave Ertaş his nickname, "Bozkırın Tezenesi" (literally: "Plectrum of the Steppe"), writing it in a book he gave him as a gift.
Chow Mei Kuan
Chow Mei Kuan (Chinese: 鄒美君; born 23 December 1994) is a Malaysian retired badminton player. She started playing badminton at the age of 7 in her primary school. Chow made a debut in the international senior tournament in 2012. She won gold medals at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games in the girls' and mixed doubles event. Chow competed at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast and won the women's doubles event with Vivian Hoo Kah Mun.

Badminton at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games
Badminton was one of the seven events of 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games staged in the Isle of Man. There were five contests in the sport: boys' singles, boys' doubles, girls' singles, girls' doubles, and mixed doubles. Each Commonwealth Games Association could send up to two athletes (or two pairs) per event, for a maximum of four athletes per sex. The age of participating athletes was limited to the 14–18 years, so that only those born in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 or 1997 were eligible to take part.
Timeline of the University of Idaho
On January 30, 1889, Governor Edward Stevenson of the Idaho Territory signed the territorial legislature's Council Bill No. 20, championed by attorney Willis Sweet and legislator John W. Brigham, which officially established the UI as the upcoming state's land-grant institution.  Nearly four years later, the university opened for classes on October 3, 1892.
The choice of location for the University of Idaho was an "Olive Branch of Peace" by Gov. Stevenson for his actions in stymieing the nearly successful effort to detach the north Idaho Panhandle and join the state of Washington.

Edward A. Stevenson
Edward Augustus Stevenson (June 15, 1831 – July 6, 1895) was an American politician who was Governor of the Idaho Territory from 1885 to 1889. Stevenson was the first resident of Idaho Territory appointed to the position and the only Democrat to hold the office.

Stevenson's political career began in California where he held a variety of political positions including Speaker pro Tempore of the California State Legislature.  After moving to Idaho Territory he remained active in politics until his appointment as governor.  As governor, Stevenson exerted most of his efforts lobbying for the territory to be granted statehood.
Patrick van der Meer
Patrick van der Meer (born 23 March 1971) is a Dutch Olympic dressage rider. Representing the Netherlands, he competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London where he finished 32nd in the individual competition.

He also competed at the 2015 European Dressage Championships in Aachen where he won a gold medal in team dressage and finished 11th in the freestyle dressage competition. The Dutch national dressage coach Wim Ernes died on 1 November 2016 due to a brain tumor. Van der Meer, together with the other gold medal winners Edward Gal, Hans Peter Minderhoud and Diederik van Silfhout, carried his coffin during the funeral on 5 November 2016.

Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Individual dressage
The individual dressage in equestrian at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held at Greenwich Park from 2 to 9 August. Great Britain's Charlotte Dujardin won the gold medal and Laura Bechtolsheimer the bronze. The silver was won by Adelinde Cornelissen of the Netherlands.
Bellefields (Croom, Maryland)
Bellefields is a manor house located in Croom, Prince George's County, Maryland.  It was constructed about 1720. It is a brick structure in Flemish bond with random glazed headers, and two stories over a high basement.  The structure is rectangular, with gabled roof sections, paired interior end chimneys, a front center entrance, wide raised belt course above the first floor, flat arched openings, and flanking symmetrical single-story wings. It is in the Georgian style. It was the home of Patrick Sim, Scottish immigrant and of his son, Col. Joseph Sim, Maryland patriot.

Flemish bond
Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise (stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed (headers) within the same courses. This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers.: 23  Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages.

The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States.
SRNA-Xcc1
sRNA-Xcc1 (small RNA identified from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is a family of trans-acting non-coding RNA (also known as small RNA). Homologs of sRNA-Xcc1 are found in a few bacterial strains belonging to alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria, and delta-proteobacteria. In Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, sRNA-Xcc1 is encoded by an integron gene cassette and is under the positive control of the virulence regulators HrpG and HrpX.

Myxococcota
The Myxococcota are a phylum of bacteria known as the fruiting gliding bacteria. All species of this group are Gram-negative. They are predominantly aerobic genera that release myxospores in unfavorable environments.
Central Zagori
Central Zagori (Greek: Κεντρικό Ζαγόρι) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part of the municipality Zagori, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 206.683 km2. Its population was 1,059 in 2021. The seat of the municipal unit is in Asprangeloi.

Ioannina (regional unit)
Ioannina (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Ιωαννίνων) is one of the regional units of Greece, located in the northwestern part of the country.

It is part of the region of Epirus. Its capital is the city of Ioannina. It is the largest regional unit in Epirus, and one of the largest regional units of Greece, with a population of 160,773 people, according to the 2021 census.