hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mirandola railway station
Mirandola railway station is a railway stop along the Verona-Bologna railway serving the city of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The station serves also the municipalities of Medolla, Cavezzo, San Possidonio, and Finale Emilia. Located in the village of Cividale, about 3 km from the town centre of Mirandola, th station is connected by a SETA shuttle bus.

Province of Modena
The province of Modena (Italian: provincia di Modena) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Modena.
It has an area of 2,689 square kilometres (1,038 sq mi) and a total population of about 701,000 (2015). There are 48 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province (see list of comuni of the province of Modena). The largest after Modena are Carpi, Sassuolo, Formigine and Castelfranco Emilia.
Chesterfield Inlet
Chesterfield Inlet (Inuit: Igluligaarjuk) is an inlet in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is an arm of northwestern Hudson Bay, and the end point of the Thelon River after its passage through Baker Lake. Cross Bay, a large widening of the inlet, occurs 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Baker Lake. There are several islands located within the inlet.

The first European here may have been William Moor in 1747 who sent boat parties about 60 miles up the inlet. In 1762 William Christopher followed the whole inlet to Baker Lake.

The Inuit hamlet of the same name, Chesterfield Inlet, is situated near the waterway's mouth. In previous times, the area was home to Aivilingmiut and Qaernermiut.

Kivalliq Region
The Kivalliq Region (/kɪˈvælɪk/; Inuktitut syllabics: ᑭᕙᓪᓕᖅ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the portion of the mainland to the west of Hudson Bay together with Southampton Island and Coats Island. The regional centre is Rankin Inlet. The population was 11,045 in the 2021 Canadian census, an increase of 6.1% from the 2016 census.

Before 1999, the Kivalliq Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories. Although the Kivalliq name became official in 1999, Statistics Canada continued to refer to the area as the Keewatin Region in publications such as the Census until 2021. Most references to the area as "Keewatin" have generally been phased out by Nunavut-based bodies, as that name was originally rooted in a region of northwestern Ontario derived from a Cree dialect, and only saw application onto Inuit-inhabited lands because of the boundaries of the now-defunct District of Keewatin.
Daqing re-education through labor camp
The Daqing re-education through labor camp is a re-education through labor camp located at 54 No. 22 Lane, Jingyi Street, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.

According to a United Nations report on Civil and Political Rights, in 2002 an inmate at the camp, He Huajiang, who was assigned to three years’ re-education through labour for taking part in Falun Gong activities and disrupting public order, was reportedly tortured to death at the camp. According to reports, there were strangulation marks around his throat and other signs of torture. Mr. He's body was allegedly taken to a different location for cremation.

Strangling
Strangling or strangulation is the compression of the neck leading to an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain, which can lead to unconsciousness or even death. Fatal strangulation typically occurs in cases of violence, accidents, and is one of two main ways that hanging causes death (alongside breaking the victim's neck).

Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling is practiced in erotic asphyxia, in the choking game, and is an important technique in many combat sports and self-defense systems. Strangling can be divided into three general types according to the mechanism used:

Hanging — Suspension from a cord wound around the neck

Ligature strangulation — Strangulation without suspension using some form of cord-like object (ligature) called a garrote

Manual strangulation — Strangulation using the fingers, hands, or other extremity
Volterra lattice
In mathematics, the Volterra lattice, also known as the discrete KdV equation,  the Kac–van Moerbeke lattice, and the Langmuir lattice, is a system of ordinary differential equations with variables indexed by some of the points of a 1-dimensional lattice. It was introduced by Marc Kac and Pierre van Moerbeke (1975) and Jürgen Moser (1975) and is named after Vito Volterra. The Volterra lattice is a special case of the generalized Lotka–Volterra equation describing predator–prey interactions, for a sequence of species with each species preying on the next in the sequence.  The Volterra lattice also behaves like a discrete version of the KdV equation.  The Volterra lattice is an integrable system, and is related to the Toda lattice. It is also used as a model for Langmuir waves in plasmas.

Vito Volterra
Vito Volterra KBE FRS(For) HFRSE (/voʊlˈtɛrə/, Italian: [ˈviːto volˈtɛrra]; 3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations, being one of the founders of functional analysis.
James Atkinson (theologian)
James Atkinson (27 April 1914 – 30 July 2011) was an English Anglican priest, biblical scholar, and theologian specialising in Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. He was Professor of Biblical Studies at the University of Sheffield from 1967 to 1979, Canon Theologian of Sheffield Cathedral from 1970 to 1993, and Director of the Centre for Reformation Studies in Sheffield from 1983 to 2006.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Jess Murphy
Jess Murphy is a New Zealand-born chef based in Galway, Ireland. In 2017, she was named Hotel & Catering Review Ireland's Chef of the Year.

Murphy grew up in the small town of Wairoa in New Zealand's North Island. She left school at the age of 15 and worked in a bar and washing dishes in Hastings to pay for catering college. When she was 19, she moved to Perth, Western Australia, to work in the restaurant industry.

In 2000, Murphy moved to Manchester and worked there for two years, followed by two years back home in Hawkes' Bay. She then moved to Ireland and worked as a chef until opening her own restaurant, Kai Cafe, in Galway in partnership with her husband David Murphy.

Wairoa
Wairoa is the largest town in the Wairoa District and the northernmost town in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located on the northern shore of Hawke Bay at the mouth of the Wairoa River and to the west of Māhia Peninsula. It is 118 kilometres (73 mi) northeast of Napier, and 92 kilometres (57 mi) southwest of Gisborne, on State Highway 2. It is the nearest town to the Te Urewera protected area and former national park, which is accessible from Wairoa via State Highway 38.  It is one of three towns in New Zealand where Māori outnumber other ethnicities (the other towns being Kawerau and Ōpōtiki), with 62.29% of the population identifying as Māori.
Yousuf Othman Qader
Yousuf Othman Qader (Arabic: يوسف عثمان قادر; born April 5, 1985) is a Qatari marathon runner. Qader represented Qatar at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's marathon, along with his compatriot Mubarak Shami. He finished the race in sixty-fourth place by fourteen seconds behind Guatemala's Alfredo Arévalo, with a time of 2:28:40.

Qader also achieved his personal best time of 2:13:18 at the 2007 Hamburg Marathon.

Hamburg Marathon
The Hamburg Marathon (German: Hamburg-Marathon) is an annual marathon race over the classic distance of 42.195 km (26.219 mi) held in Hamburg, Germany. In 2009, 13,938 participants were counted.  The marathon is categorized as a Gold Label Road Race by World Athletics.
Vermont House of Representatives
The Vermont House of Representatives is the lower house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of Vermont. The House comprises 150 members, with each member representing around 4,100 citizens. Representatives are elected to two-year terms without term limits.

Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836. It added a senate by constitutional amendment. The House meets in Representatives Hall at the Vermont State House in Montpelier. It is the only U.S. state legislature whose debating chamber seating layout comes closer to that of the Westminster-style parliament found elsewhere, being similar to debating chambers in Australian state parliaments.

State legislature (United States)
In the United States,  the state legislature is the legislative branch in each of the 50 U.S. states.

A legislature generally performs state duties for a state in the same way that the United States Congress performs national duties at the national level. Generally, the same system of checks and balances that exists at the federal level also exists between the state legislature,  the state executive officer (governor) and the state judiciary.

In 27 states, the legislature is called the legislature or the state legislature, while in 19 states the legislature is called the general assembly. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the legislature is called the general court, while North Dakota and Oregon designate the legislature the legislative assembly.
Lažany (Blansko District)
Lažany is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Lažany lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Blansko, 19 km (12 mi) north of Brno, and 174 km (108 mi) southeast of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Sunchon National University
Sunchon National University (SCNU; Korean: 국립순천대학교, colloquially Suncheondae) is a national research university founded in 1935, located in Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.

SCNU composes six colleges and five professional schools, and a student body of about 26,000. College of Life Science and Natural Resources, College of Social Sciences, College of Humanities and Arts, College of Engineering, College of Education, and College of Pharmacy.

Also various and differentiated programs such as human resources exchanges with overseas leading universities, global overseas training, overseas culture expedition, etc. The university maintains an undergraduate exchange program with the University of Sheffield, University of Oklahoma, and University of Missouri.

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, or simply the Carnegie Classification, is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. It was created in 1970 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. It is managed by the American Council on Education.

The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification generally focuses on types of degrees awarded and related level of activity such as research. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics' Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
The World Is What It Is
The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is the opening sentence from Naipaul's book A Bend in the River:

The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.

French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage in 1996.

A Bend in the River
A Bend in the River is a 1979 novel by Nobel laureate V. S. Naipaul.

The novel, telling the story of Salim, a merchant in post-colonial mid-20th century Africa, is one of Naipaul's best known works and was widely praised. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1979. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked A Bend in the River #83 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. A Bend in the River has also been criticized for a perceived defence of European colonialism in Africa.
Hope and a Little Sugar
Hope and a Little Sugar is a 2006 Indian English-language drama film directed by Tanuja Chandra, starring Anupam Kher, Mahima Chaudhry, Vikram Chatwal, Amit Sial, and Suhasini Mulay. It was shot in New York City and premiered on 6 October 2006 at the South Asian International Film Festival in New York. In addition, it was the opening film in 2008 for the Opening Night Gala at BAFTA, sponsored by the London Asian Film Festival by Tongues on Fire.

UK Asian Film Festival
The UK Asian Film Festival, previously known as the London Asian Film Festival, is a British film festival organised by the not-for-profit organisation Tongues on Fire Ltd. and takes place annually in the spring in London. The festival is the longest running South Asian film festival outside of India, having completed its 25th edition in 2023.

The festival's patrons are Abhishek Bachchan, Prof. Rachel Dwyer, Lord Diljit Rana, Sunita Sangar, Sabiha Sumar and Meera Syal.
Brock Blake
Brock Blake is founder and CEO of Lendio, an online marketplace for small business loans. Blake is an Inc. 500 CEO, speaker, and Forbes columnist.

He was educated at Brigham Young University's Marriott School of Management. He lives in Utah with his wife and four children.

Marriott School of Business
The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University (BYU), a private university owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and located in Provo, Utah, United States. It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott, founder of Marriott International, and his wife Alice following their $15 million endowment gift to the school.

The school is housed in the N. Eldon Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct, part-time or visiting faculty, full-time staff and students who teach. It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students, and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual. As of 2019, its alumni base numbers 55,000.
John Ruddell
John Henry Ruddell (1859 – April 17, 1906) was a harness maker, realtor and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Morden from 1900 to 1906 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Conservative.

He was born in Halton County, Canada West, the son of George Ruddell and Christina Stewart, and came to Manitoba in the early 1880s to establish a harness-making business in Nelson. Ruddell later moved to Morden, where he established a real estate firm. He also served as mayor of Morden.

The town of Ruddell, Saskatchewan may have been named after him.

Morden (electoral district)
Morden is a former provincial electoral district of Manitoba, Canada, which was represented in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1888 to 1914. The district was centred on the town of Morden in the southernmost part of the province.

After 1914, the district was merged into Morden and Rhineland.
Alain Roche (footballer)
Alain Roche (born 14 October 1967) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. He spent significant time at Paris Saint-Germain, where he notably won the European Cup Winners' Cup. He earned his first international cap for France on 19 November 1988 against Yugoslavia in a 3–2 loss.

Yugoslavia national football team
The Yugoslavia national football team represented Yugoslavia in international association football.

Although the team mainly represented the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the post-war SFR Yugoslavia, various iterations of the state were formally constituted in football, including the:

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1945)

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1945)

Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)

It enjoyed success in international competition, reaching the semi-finals at the 1930 and 1962 FIFA World Cups. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the team was suspended from international competition as part of the United Nations sanctions on Yugoslavia.
Phyllonorycter turugisana
Phyllonorycter turugisana is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the islands of Shikoku, Kyushu and Hokkaido in Japan.

The wingspan is about 7 mm.

The larvae feed on Carpinus cordata, Carpinus laxiflora and Ostrya japonica. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

Ostrya japonica
Ostrya japonica, known as East Asian hophornbeam, or Japanese hop-hornbeam, is a species of tree in the Betulaceae family growing to 25 m tall. It is native to Japan, Korea and China. In China, it occurs in temperate forests of southern Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, and Shaanxi provinces at altitudes between 1,000–2,800 metres (3,300–9,200 ft). In Japan it is known as Asada (浅田).
Gaming Control Act (Ontario)
The Gaming Control Act (the Act) was passed in 1992 to control the growth of the gaming industry and the introduction of casinos in Windsor and Niagara Falls, Ontario. The Act was enforced by the Gaming Control Commission Ontario to ensure honesty, integrity, and financial responsibility to participants as well as preventing criminal activity such as lottery scams.

Niagara Falls, Ontario
Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada, adjacent to, and named after, Niagara Falls. As of the 2021 census, the city had a population of 94,415. The city is located on the Niagara Peninsula along the western bank of the Niagara River, which forms part of the Canada–United States border, with the other side being the twin city of Niagara Falls, New York. Niagara Falls is  within the Regional Municipality of Niagara and a part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Tourism is a major part of the city's economy: its skyline consists of multiple high-rise hotels and observation towers that overlook the waterfalls and adjacent parkland. Souvenir shops, arcades, museums, amusement rides, indoor water parks, casinos, theatres and a convention centre are located nearby in the city's large tourist area. Other parts of the city include historic sites from the War of 1812, parks, golf courses, commercial spaces, and residential neighbourhoods.
Paramillo Airport
Paramillo Airport (IATA: SCI, ICAO: SVPM) is an airport serving San Cristóbal, the capital of the Táchira state of Venezuela. The runway is in Paramillo, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of San Cristóbal.

The Paramillo non-directional beacon (Ident: PRM) is located on the field.

San Cristóbal, Táchira
San Cristóbal (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal]) is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira. It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela. The city is situated 818 metres (2,684 ft) above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River, 56 kilometres (35 mi) from the Colombian border. San Cristóbal was founded on 31 March 1561, by Juan de Maldonado. From its inception, the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country and the region, due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia.

The city was severely damaged by the Earthquake of Cúcuta (also known as Earthquake of the Andes) in 1875.
Duty (tax)
In economics, a duty is a target-specific form of tax levied by a state or other political entity. It is often associated with customs, in which context they are also known as tariffs or dues. The term is often used to describe a tax on certain items purchased abroad.

A duty is levied on specific commodities, financial transactions, estates, etc. rather than being a direct imposition on individuals or corporations such income or property taxes.  Examples include customs duty, excise duty, stamp duty, estate duty, and gift duty.

Financial transaction
A financial transaction is an agreement, or communication, between a buyer and seller to exchange goods, services, or assets for payment. Any transaction involves a change in the status of the finances of two or more businesses or individuals. A financial transaction always involves one or more financial asset, most commonly money or another valuable item such as gold or silver.

There are many types of financial transactions. The most common type, purchases, occur when a good, service, or other commodity is sold to a consumer in exchange for money. Most purchases are made with cash payments, including physical currency, debit cards, or cheques. The other main form of payment is credit, which gives immediate access to funds in exchange for repayment at a later date.
The Shoppes at Buckland Hills
The Shoppes at Buckland Hills, formerly Buckland Hills Mall, is a shopping mall located in Manchester, Connecticut and is currently owned by Namdar Realty Group. The mall features the traditional retailers Macy's, JCPenney, and Barnes & Noble while featuring prominent specialty retailers such as Aeropostale, Charlotte Russe, Express, Forever 21, H&M, Build-A-Bear, Newbury Comics, and Windsor.

The Shoppes at Buckland Hills is located off I-84, near the intersection of I-291.

Forever 21
Forever 21, was a multinational fast-fashion retailer. It was originally founded as Fashion 21 in Highland Park, Los Angeles, in 1984. Before its closure in the US, it was owned and operated by the SPARC Group, with about 540 outlets until it filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2025. It now operates online only and through JCPenney.

The company sells accessories, beauty products, home goods, and clothing for women, men and children. The company has been involved in various controversies that include labor practice issues and copyright infringement accusations. It is also still operating in Mexico, and other countries.