hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 22
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 22 (P. Oxy. 22) contains fragments of the Oedipus Tyrannus by Sophocles, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the fifth century. It is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts). The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a codex. The measurements of the fragment are 80 by 93 mm. The text is written in a small round upright formal uncial hand. There are rough breathings and accents.

Rough breathing
In the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the  rough breathing (Ancient Greek: δασὺ πνεῦμα, romanized: dasỳ pneûma or δασεῖα daseîa;  Latin: spiritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an /h/ sound before a vowel, diphthong, or after rho. It remained in the polytonic orthography even after the Hellenistic period, when the sound disappeared from the Greek language. In the monotonic orthography of Modern Greek phonology, in use since 1982, it is not used at all.

The absence of an /h/ sound is marked by the smooth breathing.

The character, or those with similar shape such as U+02BB ʻ MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA, have also been used for a similar sound by Thomas Wade (and others) in the Wade–Giles system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese. Herbert Giles and others have used a left (opening) curved single quotation mark for the same purpose; the apostrophe, backtick, and visually similar characters are often seen as well.
USCGC Escanaba (WMEC-907)
USCGC Escanaba (WMEC-907) is a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter based in Portsmouth, Virginia. Her keel was laid on April 1, 1983, at Robert Derecktor Shipyard Incorporated, Middletown, Rhode Island. She was launched February 6, 1985 and is named for her predecessor, USCGC Escanaba (WPG-77) which sank during World War Two, and was named for the Escanaba River and Escanaba, Michigan. Escanaba (WMEC-907) was formally commissioned August 29, 1987 in Grand Haven, Michigan, the home port of her predecessor.

Middletown, Rhode Island
Middletown is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 17,075 at the 2020 census. It lies to the south of Portsmouth and to the north of Newport on Aquidneck Island, hence the name "Middletown."
Dennis Atkins
Dennis Atkins is a journalist based in Brisbane, Australia. Atkins has worked for a number of media outlets, including Melbourne's News-Sun Pictorial and Brisbane's Courier-Mail. He worked in the Canberra press gallery in the 1980s and from 2000 to 2005, the latter period as national political editor for The Courier-Mail. In 1993, as chief media adviser to Labor Party Premier Wayne Goss, Atkins became embroiled in the Cape Melville affair, though a Criminal Justice Commission investigation later cleared him of wrongdoing.

Atkins was national affairs editor at The Courier-Mail until July 2019 and has been a regular panelist on Insiders, a panel discussion program on ABC Television. He is currently a freelance writer and critic based in Brisbane, and co-host of the podcast Two Grumpy Hacks with Malcolm Farr.

Wayne Goss
Wayne Keith Goss (26 February 1951 – 10 November 2014) was Premier of Queensland from 7 December 1989 until 19 February 1996, becoming the first Labor Premier of the state in over 32 years. Prior to entering politics, Goss was a solicitor, and after leaving politics he served as chairman of the Queensland Art Gallery and chairman of Deloitte Australia.
Biblical Sabbath
The Sabbath is a weekly day of rest or time of worship given in the Bible as the seventh day. It is observed differently in Judaism and Christianity and informs a similar occasion in several other faiths. Observation and remembrance of Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments ("Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy") considered to be the fourth in Judaism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and most Protestant traditions, and the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions.

Library of Ashurbanipal
The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal, named after Ashurbanipal, the last great king of the Assyrian Empire, is a collection of more than 30,000 clay tablets and fragments containing texts of all kinds and in various languages from the 7th century BCE. Among its holdings was the famous Epic of Gilgamesh.

Ashurbanipal's Library gives modern historians information regarding people of the ancient Near East. In his Outline of History, H. G. Wells calls the library "the most precious source of historical material in the world."

The materials were found in the archaeological site of Kouyunjik (ancient Nineveh, capital of Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia. The site is in modern-day northern Iraq, within the city of Mosul.
Replicant (film)
Replicant is a 2001 American science fiction action film directed by Ringo Lam and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Michael Rooker. It is the second collaboration between Van Damme and Hong Kong film director Ringo Lam, and the third time that Van Damme has starred in a dual role. The film had a limited theatrical release in many European countries and was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on September 18, 2001.

Dual role
A dual role (also known as a double role) is an instance of one actor playing two roles in a single production. Dual roles (or a larger number of roles for an actor) may be deliberately written into a script, or may instead be a choice made during production, often due to a low budget. In film and television, dual roles are often used for comic effect, or to depict identical twins or other relatives. In a theatrical production where more than one actor plays multiple characters, it is sometimes referred to as an "Ironman" cast.
Hnutove
Hnutove (Ukrainian: Гнутове; Russian: Гнутово) is a village in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at 23,2 km northeast from the centre of Mariupol.

The village is situated on the left bank of the Kalmius river that became the boundary between Donetsk People's Republic-controlled territory on the east bank of the river, and Ukrainian government-controlled territory on the west bank, after an offensive by the pro-Russian forces of the Donetsk People's Republic in August 2014 during the war in Donbas.

The village was the location of the 2017 documentary The Distant Barking of Dogs. The family documented in the film subsequently fled following the full-scale Russia's invasion. Since 2022 and as of 2024, Hnutove is under Russian occupation.

Kalmius
The Kalmius (Ukrainian: Кальміус; Russian: Кальмиус) is a river flowing through Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Its source is near the Ukrainian city of Yasynuvata, and its mouth is in Mariupol. The Kalmius is one of two rivers flowing through Mariupol. The other is the Kalchyk, which flows into the Kalmius. The Kalmius flows into the Sea of Azov near the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works in Mariupol. Major cities along the Kalmius are Yasynuvata, Donetsk, Kalmiuske, and Mariupol.
2013–14 Scottish Cup
The 2013–14 Scottish Cup was the 129th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 14 September 2013 and ended on 17 May 2014. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the third season of a five-year partnership after a two-year extension was agreed, and was known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.

St Johnstone won their first ever Scottish Cup after a 2–0 win against Dundee United in the final.

South of Scotland Football League
The South of Scotland Football League (SoSFL) is a senior football league based in south-west Scotland. The league sits at level 6 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 1946, it is currently composed of 11 member clubs in a single division. Geographically, the league currently covers Dumfries and Galloway although clubs have previously also been located in East Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire.

Since 2014–15 it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the East of Scotland Football League and West of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Susan Soltero
Susan Soltero (born July 7, 1961) is a weather forecaster, journalist, and TV personality from Puerto Rico, appearing weekly on Univision Puerto Rico, and daily on WALO-AM and WIAC-FM. She was born in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico. Soltero has a bachelor of arts in communications and television broadcasting from the University of Michigan, and a certificate in global warming from the University of Puerto Rico. She is also certified as a meteorologist by the National Weather Service, as well as being an official animal cruelty investigator for the Department of Health of Puerto Rico. Soltero's incessant efforts to protect the environment and animal rights in Puerto Rico—as well as her numerous environmental news reports, her cheerful and adventurous style, and her ability to communicate effectively in layman's terms—have led her to become a renowned figure for these causes on the island.

Hato Rey
Hato Rey (Spanish for ''king’s cattle farm''), often considered the central business district of Puerto Rico, is a highly urbanized financial, commercial, and residential area in San Juan, the capital municipality of the archipelago and island. Located to the immediate south of Santurce barrio in the center of the San Juan metropolitan area and divided into the Hato Rey Norte, Hato Rey Central, and Hato Rey Sur barrios, it is about 3 to 6 miles (4.8 to 9.7 km) from the Old San Juan historic quarter, Condado and Isla Verde resort areas, and SJU airport. Hato Rey is home to the Milla de Oro financial district, José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, Hiram Bithorn Stadium, Telemundo International television network headquarters, and Plaza Las Américas shopping mall, the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico offices, among others. It was formerly a barrio of the dissolved municipality of Río Piedras, which was merged into San Juan in 1951.
Boggs Peak
Boggs Peak is a 4,518-foot (1,377 m) mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in Anchorage Municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, 4 mi (6 km) north of Portage Lake, 6 mi (10 km) northwest of Whittier, Alaska, and 1.24 mi (2 km) northeast of Begich Peak, which is its nearest higher peak. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of Portage Creek and Twentymile River before emptying into Turnagain Arm. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises approximately 4,200 feet (1,280 m) above Bear Valley in 1.15 miles (1.85 km).

Chugach National Forest
The Chugach National Forest is a 6,908,540-acre (27,958 km2) United States National Forest in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
Aegiale (wife of Diomedes)
Aegiale or Aegialeia  or Aegialia (Ancient Greek: Αἰγιάλη or Αἰγιάλεια) was, in Greek mythology, a daughter of Adrastus and Amphithea, or of Aegialeus the son of Adrastus, whence she bears the surname of Adrastine. One account refers to her as Euryaleia.

Dictys Cretensis
Dictys Cretensis, i.e. Dictys of Crete (/ˈdɪktɪs kriːˈtɛnzɪs/, Classical Latin: [ˈdɪktʏs kreːˈtẽːsɪs]; Ancient Greek: Δίκτυς ὁ Κρής) of Knossos was a legendary companion of Idomeneus during the Trojan War, and the purported author of a diary of its events, that deployed some of the same materials worked up by Homer for the Iliad. The story of his journal, an amusing fiction addressed to a knowledgeable Alexandrian audience, came to be taken literally during Late Antiquity.
Town Topics (musical)
Ned Wayburn's Town Topics was a musical comedy revue that opened at the Century Theatre in New York City on September 23, 1915. The book was written Harry B. Smith, Thomas J. Gray, and Robert B. Smith, while the music was composed by Harold Orlob.

Robert Bache Smith
Robert Bache Smith ( June 4, 1875 – November 6, 1951) was an American librettist and lyricist. His older brother, Harry B. Smith, was also a successful lyricist and a writer and composer.

Born in Chicago, Smith began his career apprenticing with the famed vaudeville duo Weber and Fields at the Weber and Fields' Broadway Music Hall. He most notably wrote the lyrics to “Come Down, Ma Evenin' Star” from Weber and Fields' Twirly Whirly (1902; famously sung by Lillian Russell). He went on to write libretti for operettas and lyrics for musicals, including such works as Fantana (1905), The Spring Maid (1910), Sweethearts (1913), and Angel Face (1919). His last work was The Girl in the Spotlight (credited as Richard Bruce) in 1920. He died in New York City at the age of 76.
French motorcycle Grand Prix
The French motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event that is part of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.

The Grand Prix was held on different circuits in its history: on the Circuit de Charade (Puy-de-Dôme) between 1959 and 1967, Le Mans circuit on numerous occasions since 1969, alternating with the Circuit Paul Ricard at Le Castellet, used it for the first time in 1973, the Circuit Paul Armagnac in Nogaro in 1978 and 1982 and the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours once in 1992. Since 2000 the race has been held at Le Mans on the Bugatti Circuit.

The event is due to take place at the Bugatti Circuit until at least 2031.

TIM Group
TIM S.p.A. (formerly Telecom Italia S.p.A.) is an Italian telecommunications company with headquarters in Rome, Milan, and Naples (with the Telecom Italia Tower), which provides fixed, public and mobile telephony, and DSL data services.

It is the largest Italian telecommunications services provider in revenues and subscribers. It was founded in 1994 by the merger of several state-owned telecommunications companies, the most prominent of which was SIP, the former state monopoly telephone operator in Italy.

The company's stock is traded in the Borsa Italiana. The Italian State has exercised the "Golden Power" on TIM since 2017, which allows the government to take a number of actions when the strategic interests of the country are concerned.

It has also a subsidiary in Brazil, known as TIM Brasil, with 72.6 million customers. The brand covers over 114 million customers worldwide.

As April 2024, Net sales are distributed geographically as follows: Italy (72.9%) and Brazil (27.1%).
Harpetidae
Harpetidae is a family of trilobites in the order Harpetida. They first appear in the Furongian (Late Cambrian) epoch. The Taghanic event at the end of the Middle Devonian would impact them severely, with no genera from before surviving to the Frasnian, where two new genera, Eskoharpes and Globoharpes appear, before going extinct themselves in the Kellwasser event. Globoharpes may be a synonym of Eskoharpes.

Taghanic event
The Taghanic event (Taghanic unconformity, Taghanic crisis or Taghanic onlap) was an extinction event that occurred about 386 million years ago during the Givetian faunal stage of the Middle Devonian geologic period in the Paleozoic era. It was caused by hypoxia from an anoxic event. The event had a period in which dissolved oxygen in the Earth's oceans was depleted. The Taghanic event caused a very high death rate of corals. The loss of the coral reefs caused a high loss of animals that lived in and around the reefs. The extinction rate has been estimated between 28.5% and 36%, making it the eighth largest extinction event recorded. The reduced oxygen levels resulted from a period of global warming caused by Milankovitch cycles. In the Taghanic event, sea levels were higher. After the Taghanic event, sea life recovered in the Frasnian faunal stage starting 382.7 million years ago. The Taghanic event was followed by the Kellwasser event (372 ma) and the Hangenberg event (359 ma).
Nelson Lions football
The Nelson Lions football team represents Nelson University (formerly Southwestern Assemblies of God University) in college football in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The Lions are members of the Sooner Athletic Conference (SAC), fielding its team in the GPAC since 2013. The Lions play their home games at Lumpkins Stadium in Waxahachie, Texas.

Their head coach is Jared Hudgins, who took over the position for the 2024 season.

Nelson University
Nelson University, formerly Southwestern Assemblies of God University (SAGU), is a private Christian university in Waxahachie, Texas, United States. Nelson is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges and endorsed by the Assemblies of God USA. The university offers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in liberal arts programs as well as programs in Bible and church ministries.

On August 1, 2024, Southwestern Assemblies of God University changed its name to Nelson University.
Circassian chicken
Circassian chicken (Adyghe: Адыгэ чэты; Kabardian: Адыгэ джэд) is a dish of shredded boiled chicken served under or in a rich paste made with crushed walnuts, and stock thickened with stale bread. Circassian chicken is a classic Circassian dish, adopted by the Imperial Ottoman cuisine. Although it was typically served as a main course, it became popular as an appetizer. Being an Imperial-era dish, it can also be found in other cuisines of the Eastern Mediterranean. A similar walnut sauce and a chicken dish made with this sauce is known as satsivi in Georgian cuisine.

Staling
Staling, or "going stale", is a chemical and physical process in bread and similar foods that reduces their palatability. Stale bread is dry and hard, making it less suitable for different culinary uses than fresh bread. Countermeasures and destaling techniques may reduce staling.
Khujandi family
The Khujandi family was a Shafi'i family of religious scholars based in the city of Isfahan in central Iran, who played a leading role in Isfahani politics during the Seljuk era and up until the Mongol invasion. Their name refers to their hometown of Khujand in Transoxiana, which was then under Qarakhanid rule. The founder of the family was Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Thabit al-Khujandi, who was appointed the head of a Shafi'i school in Isfahan by the Persian vizier of the Seljuks, Nizam al-Mulk. After Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Thabit al-Khujandi, Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr al-Khujandi became the identity of khujandi family. This family is also known as family of scholars, saints and researchers. Sheikh Mehmood Khujandi is a sufi saint of the era of Mongol invasion [12th century]. Owing to their origins, the Khujandis manifested a Khurasanian identity, but by the 12th century they had adopted the western Iranian identity of the locals.

Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province.

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Tarwin River
The Tarwin River is a perennial river of the West Gippsland catchment, located in the South Gippsland region of the Australian state of Victoria. The Tarwin River is the primary river system within South Gippsland Shire and has a catchment area of approximately 1,500 square kilometres (580 sq mi), predominantly rural with small pockets of residential land use.  It flows south from the Strzlecki Ranges and discharges in the eastern reaches of Anderson Inlet, a shallow estuary connected to Bass Strait.

South Gippsland
South Gippsland, a region of Gippsland in Victoria, Australia, is a well-watered region consisting of low, rolling hills descending to the coast in the south and the Latrobe Valley in the north. It is part of the larger Gippsland Basin bioregion.
Hi Octane
Hi Octane is a 1994 American television series that aired on Comedy Central. It was directed by Sofia Coppola. It consisted of interviews and sketches hosted by Coppola and Zoe Cassavetes. Only three of the four episodes recorded were broadcast.

Although the series comprised only four 22-minute episodes, it featured many high-profile celebrity guests, including Martin Scorsese, Naomi Campbell, Kim Gordon, Debbie Harry, the Beastie Boys, Karl Lagerfeld, Thurston Moore, Shawn Mortensen, Keanu Reeves, Jenny Shimizu, Christy Turlington, Gus Van Sant, Anna Wintour, and Nicolas Cage.

Shawn Mortensen
Shawn Mortensen (November 14, 1965—April 15, 2009) was an American art photographer and photojournalist. He was famous for his characteristic, and often-imitated, style.

His subjects included Keith Haring, the Beastie Boys, Biggie Smalls, Kate Moss, and the Sex Pistols.
Charissa pullata
Charissa pullata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy (including Sicily), Slovenia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Albania and Greece.

The wingspan is about 30 mm. Adults are on wing from the beginning of June to mid August in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Asplenium ruta-muraria, Lonicera xylosteum, Rubus idaeus, Sarothamnus scoparius and Thymus pulegioides. They overwinter in the larval stage.

Rubus idaeus
Rubus idaeus (raspberry, also called red raspberry or occasionally European red raspberry to distinguish it from other raspberry species) is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in other temperate regions.
Twine (band)
Twine is an American electronic music duo that formed in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1997.  In addition to releasing four albums and one EP, the duo have also created two royalty-free libraries of audio samples for the Sonic Foundry digital audio workstation, ACID.

Acid Pro
Acid Pro (often stylized ACID) is a professional digital audio workstation (DAW) software program currently developed by Magix Software. It was originally called Acid pH1 and published by Sonic Foundry, later by Sony Creative Software as Acid Pro, and since spring 2018 by Magix as both Acid Pro and a simplified version, Acid Music Studio. Acid Pro 11 supports 64-bit architectures, and has MIDI, ASIO, VST, VST3, DirectX Audio, and 5.1 surround sound support.