hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
China Education Resources
China Education Resources Inc. (TSX-V: CHN), based in Beijing, China and Vancouver, Canada, along with its subsidiaries, is a company that provides an education Internet portal with educational content, resources and training programs to teachers, education professionals and students in the People's Republic of China. In general, the company's focus is on textbook sales, technology development and Internet portal subscriptions. China Education Resources is the only public company officially approved by China education officials to provide these comprehensive learning and training services.

TSX Venture Exchange
The TSX Venture Exchange is a stock exchange in Canada. It is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta and Vancouver, British Columbia, with offices in Toronto and Montreal. All trading through the Exchange is done electronically, so the Exchange does not have a "trading floor".  It was previously known as the Canadian Venture Exchange (CDNX), but in 2001 the TSX Group (now known as the TMX Group) purchased it and renamed it.

The TMX Group also owns the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). The Toronto Stock Exchange is the senior equity market, while the TSX Venture Exchange is a public venture capital marketplace for emerging companies.

As of November 2010, the TSX Venture Exchange had 2,364 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $60,811,203,235.
Marvin Banks Perry Jr.
Marvin Banks Perry Jr. (September 29, 1918 – December 12, 1994) was an American academic and college administrator who served as president of Goucher College and Agnes Scott College. He also was a professor of English at Washington and Lee University and at the University of Virginia.

Washington and Lee University
Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia, United States. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US.

Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The institution consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. It hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).
Wavefront expansion algorithm
The wavefront expansion algorithm is a specialized potential field path planner with breadth-first search to avoid local minima. It uses a growing circle around the robot. The nearest neighbors are analyzed first and then the radius of the circle is extended to distant regions.

Potential method
In computational complexity theory, the potential method is a method used to analyze the amortized time and space complexity of a data structure, a measure of its performance over sequences of operations that smooths out the cost of infrequent but expensive operations.
Kadyos, manok, kag ubad
Kadyos, manok, kag ubad, commonly shortened to KMU, is a Filipino chicken soup or stew originating from the Hiligaynon people of the Western Visayas islands. The name of the dish means "pigeon peas, chicken, and banana pith"; the three main ingredients. It is similar to another Hiligayon dish, Kadyos, baboy, kag langka ("KBL"), except that it does not use a souring agent, and it uses chicken and banana pith (ubad, not to be confused with ubod which is heart of palm) instead. Like KBL, KMU is also characteristically purple in color due to the use of pigeon peas. Other ingredients include onions, lemongrass, thinly sliced ginger, siling haba pepper, and salt and pepper.

Western Visayas
Western Visayas (Hiligaynon: Kabisay-an Nakatundan; Tagalog: Kanlurang Kabisayaan; Filipino: Kanlurang Visayas), designated as Region VI, is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises the islands of Panay and Guimaras. It consists of five provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo on Panay, and the island province of Guimaras. The region also includes one highly urbanized city, Iloilo City, which is the largest city and serves as the regional center.

The Hiligaynon language, native to Iloilo City, is the region's lingua franca. The region is also dominated by native speakers of three Visayan languages: Kinaray-a, Aklanon and Capiznon. The land area of the region is 12,750.63 km2 (4,923.05 sq mi), and with a population of 4,730,771 inhabitants.
Postage stamps and postal history of Fezzan and Ghadames
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Fezzan and Ghadames, both now part of Libya.

Fezzan is a south-western region of modern Libya. It is largely desert but broken by mountains, uplands, and dry river valleys (wadis) in the north, where oases enable ancient towns and villages to survive deep in the otherwise inhospitable Sahara.

Ghadames is an oasis town in the west of Libya. It lies roughly 549 km in the southwest of Tripoli, near the borders with Algeria and Tunisia.

Fezzan and Ghadames was a territory in the southern part of the former Italian colony of Libya controlled by the French from 1943 until Libyan independence in 1951. It was part of the Allied administration of Libya.

Territory
A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, belonging or connected to a particular country, person, or animal.

In international politics, a territory is usually a geographic area which has not been granted the powers of self-government, i.e. an area that is under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state.

As a subdivision, a territory in most countries is an organized division of an area that is controlled by a country but is not formally developed into, or incorporated into, a political unit of that country, which political units are of equal status to one another and are often referred to by words such as "provinces", "regions", or "states". In its narrower sense, it is "a geographic region, such as a colonial possession, that is dependent on an external government."
Matt Cross (wrestler)
Matthew Capiccioni (born December 31, 1980) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring names M-Dogg 20, Matt Cross and Son of Havoc. He currently competes on the independent circuit – predominantly for Juggalo Championship Wrestling (JCW) where he is a former JCW Heavyweight Champion. Cross has also known for worked for prominent promotions such as Ring of Honor, Lucha Underground, Chikara, Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), Major League Wrestling (MLW) and the short-lived known for tenure Wrestling Society X. His main gimmick is that of an adherent of the straight edge lifestyle, a culture which he follows in real life. In 2011, Capiccioni joined the cast of the fifth season of WWE Tough Enough.

Major League Wrestling
Major League Wrestling (MLW) is an American professional wrestling promotion based in New Rochelle, New York. The promotion was founded in 2002 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by former WWE writer Court Bauer. The promotion markets its product as "Hybrid Wrestling", with its roster featuring a mix of different wrestling styles.

The promotion originally ran live events until 2004, with these events seen on the television series, MLW Underground TV. MLW returned to promoting events in July 2017, and resumed weekly television programming with the premiere of MLW Fusion in April 2018.
Kushe Rural Municipality
Kushe (Nepali: कुशे गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Jajarkot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration Kushe has an area of 273.97 square kilometres (105.78 sq mi) and the total population of the  rural municipality is 20,621 as of 2011 Nepal census.

Paink, Dhime, Archhani, Talegaun and some parts of Pajaru which previously were all separate Village development committees merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

The rural municipality is divided into total 9 wards and the headquarters of this newly formed rural municipality is situated at Dhime.

Karnali Province
Karnali Province (Nepali: कर्णाली प्रदेश, romanized: Karṇālī pradēśa) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution, which was adopted on 20 September 2015. The total area of the province is 27,984 square kilometres (10,805 mi2), making it the largest province in Nepal with 18.97% of the country's area. According to the 2011 Nepal census, the population of the province was 1,570,418, making it the least populous province in Nepal. The province borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the east, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Lumbini Province to the south. Birendranagar with a population of 154,886 is both the province's capital and largest city.
Am730
Am730 is a free daily Chinese language newspaper published in Hong Kong, the third with the prior two being Headline Daily and Metropolis Daily. Shih Wing-ching, chairman of Centaline Holdings, a property agency, is the founder of the newspaper.

Centaline Property Agency
Centaline Property Agency Limited is one of the largest property agencies in Hong Kong. It was established in 1978 by Shih Wing-ching.

Centaline has nearly 40,000 employees and more than 2,000 offices in 39 cities in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao. Centaline Holdings is also the major shareholder of another property agency in Hong Kong, Ricacorp Properties Limited.
Next generation corvette
Next Generation Corvette (NGC) are a planned class of eight anti-surface warfare (AsuW) corvettes for the Indian Navy. Under this programme, the Indian Navy intends to acquire advanced ships armed with anti-ship or land-attack missiles like BrahMos. Ships in this class will feature advanced stealth features like a low radar cross section (RCS), infrared, acoustic and magnetic signatures.

Acoustic signature
The term acoustic signature is used to describe a combination of acoustic emissions of sound emitters, such as those of ships and submarines. In addition, aircraft, machinery, and living animals can be described as having their own characteristic acoustic signatures or sound attributes, which can be used to study their condition, behavior, and physical location.
Khotey Sikkey
Khotey Sikkey (transl. Fake Coins) is a crime television series that aired on Sony TV. It premiered on 28 January 2011. The show revolves around an unlikely gang of five privileged youngsters and one stubborn cop. The group researches the crime activities in Mumbai. The series produced by Yash Raj Films.

Sony Entertainment Television
Sony Entertainment Television (abbreviated as SET) is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel that was launched in 1995 and is owned by Sony Pictures Networks, a division of Sony Pictures.
DFW R.I
The DFW R.I (company designation T26) was a heavy bomber (Riesenflugzeug) aircraft designed by the Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke (DFW) during the First World War for the Imperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer) Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte). One bomber was built and it only flew two combat missions as it was destroyed after making an emergency landing in 1917.

Emergency landing
An emergency landing is a premature landing made by an aircraft in response to an emergency involving an imminent or ongoing threat to the safety and operation of the aircraft, or involving a sudden need for a passenger or crew on board to terminate the flight (such as a medical emergency). It typically involves a forced diversion to the nearest or most suitable airport or airbase, or an off airport landing or ditching if the flight cannot reach an airfield. Flights under air traffic control will be given priority over all other aircraft operations upon the declaration of the emergency.
Coast earth station
Coast earth station, also called the coast earth radio station is – according to article 1.76 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "An earth station in the fixed-satellite service or, in some cases, in the maritime mobile-satellite service, located at a specified fixed point on land to provide a feeder link for the maritime mobile-satellite service."
Each radio station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily.

ITU Radio Regulations
The ITU Radio Regulations (RR) is a basic document of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that regulates on law of nations scale radiocommunication services and the utilisation of radio frequencies. It is the supplementation to the ITU Constitution and Convention and in line with the ITU International Telecommunication Regulations (ITR). The ITU RR comprise and regulate the part of the allocated electromagnetic spectrum (also: radio frequency spectrum) from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.
Eduardo Azevedo
Eduardo Azevedo (born September 21, 1982 in São Paulo) is a race car driver. He was the 2001 Brazilian Formula Junior champion and the 2002 South American Formula Three Class-B champion. He raced in Brazilian Formula Renault in 2003.

Formula 3 Sudamericana
Fórmula 3 Sudamericana was a South American Formula Three championship. It was inaugurated in 1987 and primarily held races in Brazil and Argentina, with a small number of events held in other countries across the continent. Its most notable graduates include former Formula One drivers Nelson Piquet Jr., Ricardo Zonta and Christian Fittipaldi, four-time Indianapolis 500 winner Hélio Castroneves, and Champ Car champion and former F1 driver Cristiano da Matta. The series was replaced for 2014 by the Brazilian Formula Three Championship, which focuses on Brazilian circuits and drivers.
Volginsky
Volginsky (Russian: Вольгинский) is an urban-type settlement in Petushinsky District of Vladimir Oblast, Russia. Population: 5,494 (2021 Census); 6,089 (2010 Census); 6,295 (2002 Census); 6,104 (1989 Soviet census).

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
M-10001
The Union Pacific Railroad's M-10001 was a diesel-electric streamlined train built in 1934 by Pullman-Standard with a power system developed by General Motors Electro-Motive Corporation using a Winton 201A Diesel engine and General Electric generator, control equipment and traction motors. It was the UP's second streamliner after the M-10000, their first equipped with a diesel engine and was a longer train (six cars) than its three-car predecessor. All cars were articulated—trucks were shared between each car. It was delivered on October 2, 1934, and was used for display, test and record-setting runs for the next two months before being returned to Pullman-Standard for an increase in power and capacity, following which it was placed into service as the City of Portland train. It has been nicknamed "The Banana".

Diesel–electric powertrain
A diesel-electric transmission, or diesel-electric powertrain, is a transmission system powered by diesel engines which generate electricity for electric motors for vehicles in road, rail, and marine transport. Diesel-electric transmission is similar to petrol-electric transmission, which is powered by petrol engines.

Diesel-electric transmission is used on railways by diesel-electric locomotives and diesel-electric multiple units, as electric motors are able to supply full torque from 0 RPM. Diesel-electric systems are also used in marine transport, including submarines, and on some other land vehicles.
Agate
Agate (/ˈæɡɪt/ AG-it) is a variously translucent, banded variety of chalcedony. Agate stones are characterized by alternating bands of different colored chalcedony and may also include visible quartz crystals. They are common in nature and can be found globally in a large number of different varieties. There are some varieties of chalcedony without bands that are commonly called agate (moss agate, fire agate, etc.); however, these are not true agates. Moreover, not every banded chalcedony is an agate; for example, banded chert forms via different processes and is opaque. Agates primarily form as nodules within volcanic rock, but they can also form in veins or silicified fossils. Agate has been popular as a gemstone in jewelry for thousands of years, and today it is also popular as a collector's stone. Some duller agates sold commercially are artificially treated to enhance their color.

Volcanic rock
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these reasons, in geology, volcanics and shallow hypabyssal rocks are not always treated as distinct. In the context of Precambrian shield geology, the term "volcanic" is often applied to what are strictly metavolcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks and sediment that form from magma erupted into the air are called "pyroclastics," and these are also technically sedimentary rocks.

Volcanic rocks are among the most common rock types on Earth's surface, particularly in the oceans. On land, they are very common at plate boundaries and in flood basalt provinces. It has been estimated that volcanic rocks cover about 8% of the Earth's current land surface.
2022 Tampere Open – Doubles
Pedro Cachin and Facundo Mena were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Alexander Erler and Lucas Miedler won the title after defeating Karol Drzewiecki and Patrik Niklas-Salminen 7–6(7–3), 6–1 in the final.

Patrik Niklas-Salminen
Patrik Niklas-Salminen (born 5 March 1997) is a Finnish professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 95 achieved on 17 April 2023 and a singles ranking of No. 418 achieved on 3 March 2020.
Niklas-Salminen has won five doubles ATP Challenger Tour titles.
Layne Sleeth
Layne Sleeth (born 18 August 2001) is a Canadian professional tennis and pickleball player.

Playing college tennis for the Oklahoma, She played in the final 2023 NCAA Singles Championship, UCLA Chinese Tian Fangran 4–6, 2–6.

Sleeth has a career high WTA singles ranking of 574 achieved on 29 July 2019. She also has a career high WTA doubles ranking of 332 achieved on 10 June 2024.

Sleeth won her first major ITF title at the W40 doubles tournament in Guadalajara, Mexico, in November 2023.

Oklahoma Sooners
The Oklahoma Sooners are the athletic teams that represent the University of Oklahoma, located in Norman. The 19 men's and women's varsity teams are called the "Sooners", a reference to a nickname given to the early participants in the Land Run of 1889, which initially opened the Unassigned Lands in the future state of Oklahoma to non-native settlement. The university's athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The university's current athletic director is Roger Denny.

The Sooners have won 45 team national championships.  In 2002, the University of Oklahoma was ranked as the third best college sports program in America by Sports Illustrated.
Marius Pontmercy
Marius Pontmercy (French pronunciation: [maʁjys pɔ̃mɛʁsi]) is a fictional character, one of the protagonists of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel Les Misérables. He is a young student, and the suitor of Cosette. Believing Cosette lost to him, and determined to die, he joins the revolutionary association Friends of the ABC, which he associates with, but is not a part of, as they take part in the 1832 June Rebellion. Facing death in the fight, his life is saved by Jean Valjean, and he subsequently weds Cosette, a young woman whom Valjean had raised as his own.

Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates for, a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective to describe something producing a major and sudden impact on society.
Rural school districts in Washington
Rural school districts in Washington are administrative districts that provide educational services in rural areas of Washington state.

These are arbitrarily defined as school districts with enrollments of less than 1,000 students and no more than three schools. These rural districts typically serve a small town with a population of up to a few thousand. Some of these districts share educational facilities with neighboring districts.

Lincoln County, Washington
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,876, making it the fifth-least populous county in the state. The county seat and largest city is Davenport. Lincoln County was created from Whitman County in November 1883. It is named for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States.
Voltelin van der Bijl
Voltelin Albert William van der Bijl (31 January 1872 – 2 October 1941) was a South African cricketer who played for Western Province in the 1890s.

Voltelin van der Bijl was an all-rounder who batted in the middle order and opened the bowling. He took 6 for 56 and 3 for 36 in Western Province's victory over Griqualand West in 1890–91. In the 1892–93 season he made his highest first-class score of 61 and took three wickets when Western Province beat Transvaal in Western Province's first appearance in the Currie Cup. He was selected to tour England in South Africa's first overseas tour in 1894 but was unavailable and was replaced by Charles Mills.

His nephew Pieter van der Bijl and Pieter's son Vintcent played cricket for South Africa.

CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.
Jackie Paris
Carlo Jackie Paris (September 20, 1924 – June 17, 2004) was an American jazz singer and guitarist. He is best known for his recordings of "Skylark" and "'Round Midnight" from the late 1940s to the early 1950s.

'Round Midnight (song)
"'Round Midnight" (sometimes titled "'Round About Midnight") is a 1943 composition by American jazz pianist Thelonious Monk that quickly became a jazz standard and has been recorded by a wide variety of artists. A version recorded by Monk's quintet was added to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1993. It is one of the most recorded jazz standards composed by a jazz musician.