hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hackhurst and White Downs
Hackhurst and White Downs is a 185.1-hectare (457-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Dorking in Surrey. White Downs is  a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2, and part of it is in the 200-hectare (490-acre) White Downs nature reserve, which is owned by the Wotton Estate and managed by the Surrey Wildlife Trust  (SWT). Hackhurst Downs is a 29.9-hectare (74-acre) Local Nature Reserve, which part of the 40-hectare (99-acre) Hackhurst Downs nature reserve, which is owned by Surrey County Council and also managed by the SWT.

This steeply sloping land is a shared escarpment with Ranmore Common, amounting to an almost whole section of the North Downs, which has grassland, secondary woodland and scrub. It has a rich invertebrate fauna with forty species of butterfly, including adonis blue, chalkhill blue, brown hairstreak, Duke of Burgundy fritillary, marbled white and silver-spotted skipper.

Hesperia comma
Hesperia comma, the silver-spotted skipper or common branded skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is known as silver-spotted skipper in Europe and common branded skipper in North America where the butterfly Epargyreus clarus, a spread-winged skipper, also has the common name of "silver-spotted skipper".
Gafur Gulom (Tashkent Metro)
Gʻafur Gʻulom is a station of the Tashkent Metro on Oʻzbekiston Line. The station was opened on 6 November 1989 as part of the extension of the line between Alisher Navoiy and  Chorsu. It is named after Gafur Gulom, an Uzbek poet, writer and translator. The station was decorated by artist S. Sultonmuradov. To finish the station used marble, granite, metal, glass, composition of artistic ceramics. Columns supporting a set of stations have many faces, the upper part of the column is thickened. Illuminating station lights hidden in the domes.

Tashkent Metro
The Tashkent Metro (Uzbek: Toshkent metropoliteni, Тошкент метрополитени) is the rapid transit system serving the city of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. It was the seventh metro to be built in the former USSR, opening in 1977, and the first metro in Central Asia. Each station is designed around a particular theme, often reflected in the station name.

The Tashkent Metro consists of four lines, operating on 70.4 kilometres (43.74 mi) of route and serving 50 stations. In 2025, the metro carried 286.8 million passengers, which corresponds to a daily average of approximately 785,000 passengers.
First inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia
The inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia as the eighth president of the Philippines took place at 5:56 PM (PHT) on Monday, March 18, 1957 at the Council of State Room of Malacañang Palace in Manila, following the death of President Ramon Magsaysay in a plane crash a day earlier. The third non-scheduled extraordinary inauguration marked the commencement of the first term (which lasted 9 months and 13 days) of Garcia as President. Chief Justice Ricardo Paras of the Supreme Court administered the oath of office. Garcia flew earlier that day to Manila from Australia, where he was leading the Philippine delegation to the SEATO conference then being held in Canberra when he learned of Magsaysay's tragic death.

Chief Justice of the Philippines
Chief Justice of the Philippines (Filipino: Punong  Mahistrado ng Pilipinas) is the title of the person who presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and who is the highest judicial officer of the government. 
As of April 5, 2021, the position is currently held by Alexander Gesmundo, who was appointed by then president Rodrigo Duterte following the early retirement of his predecessor, Diosdado Peralta, in March 2021.

The position of chief justice is the oldest major governmental office continually held by a Filipino. Cayetano Arellano became the first chief justice on June 11, 1901, predating the presidency and vice presidency (established in 1935), the Senate (1916, or September 1, 1901 if counting the Taft Commission), and the House of Representatives (1907, as the Philippine Assembly).
Truck classification
Truck classifications are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the truck, typically using the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and sometimes also the gross trailer weight rating (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions.

Federal Highway Administration
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation.  The agency's major activities are grouped into two programs, the Federal-aid Highway Program and the Federal Lands Highway Program. Its role had previously been performed by the Office of Road Inquiry, Office of Public Roads and the Bureau of Public Roads.
2002 Svenska Cupen
The 2002 Svenska Cupen was the 47th season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition started on 1 April 2002 and concluded on 9 November 2002 with the final, held at Råsunda Stadium, Solna Municipality in Stockholm County. Djurgårdens IF won the final 1–0 against AIK.

Svenska Cupen
Svenska cupen (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsvɛ̂nːska ˈkɵ̌pːɛn], lit. 'the Swedish cup'), also known as the Swedish Cup in English, is a knockout cup competition in Swedish football and the main Swedish football cup. Svenska cupen usually refers to the men's tournament, although a women's tournament is also held. Each year 96 teams compete, comprising the 16 teams from Allsvenskan and the 16 teams of Superettan together with 64 teams from lower tiers of the league system. The winners qualify for the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League. The winner is awarded the Gustaf VI Adolf cup.

Svenska cupen was first held in 1941. The current holders of the cup are BK Häcken who beat Malmö FF in the 2025 final. Malmö FF are the most successful club of the competition having won 16 titles, the latest in 2024.
Luis Vázquez Martínez
Luis Vázquez Martínez is a Spanish applied mathematician. He is a professor of applied mathematics in the faculty of informatics of the Complutense University of Madrid.

Vázquez was born on January 26, 1949, in Narayola, a town in the municipality of Camponaraya.
He earned a licenciate in physical sciences from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1971, and a doctorate in physical sciences from the University of Zaragoza in 1975, under the supervision of Antonio Fernández-Rañada Menéndez de Luarca. After working as a Visiting Research Associate at Brown University, he returned to the Complutense University as an assistant professor in 1977.

In 1995 the Shanghai University of Science and Technology gave him an honorary doctorate. Since 2005 has been a national corresponding member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
UrbanSim
UrbanSim is an open source urban simulation system designed by Paul Waddell of the University of California, Berkeley and developed with numerous collaborators to support metropolitan land use, transportation, and environmental planning. It has been distributed on the web since 1998, with regular revisions and updates, from www.urbansim.org Archived 2009-08-22 at the Wayback Machine. Synthicity Inc coordinates the development of UrbanSim and provides professional services to support its application. The development of UrbanSim has been funded by several grants from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Highway Administration, as well as support from states, metropolitan planning agencies and research councils in Europe and South Africa. Reviews of UrbanSim and comparison to other urban modeling platforms may be found in references.

Environmental planning
Environmental planning is the process of facilitating decision making to carry out land development with the consideration given to the natural environment, social, political, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic framework to achieve sustainable outcomes. A major goal of environmental planning is to create sustainable communities, which aim to conserve and protect undeveloped land.
Hairareb
Hairareb is a 2019 Namibian drama film directed by Oshoveli Shipoh in his directorial debut. The film stars David Ndjavera and Claudine de Groot in the lead roles. The plot of the film is loosely based on a novel with the same title written by August C. Bikeur and the title role was played by the lead actor, David Ndjavera. The film was released on 30 August 2019. Before the release of the film, it was regarded as one of the most anticipated Namibian films of 2019. It received critical acclaim from the critics for its narrative, direction, and cinematography.

Demographics of Namibia
This is a demography of the population of Namibia including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Not OK (5 Seconds of Summer song)
"Not OK"  (stylised in all caps) is a song by the Australian pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. It was released on 24 September 2025 independently in partnership with Republic Records, as the lead single from their sixth studio album, Everyone's a Star! (2025).

Ashton Irwin
Ashton Fletcher Irwin (born 7 July 1994) is an Australian musician, best known as the drummer of the pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. Since 2014, 5 Seconds of Summer have sold more than 10 million albums, sold over 2 million concert tickets worldwide, and the band's songs streams surpass 7 billion, making them one of the most successful Australian musical exports in history.
UGS
UGS may stand for:

UGS Corp., specializing in Product Lifecycle Management software

Unconventional Gas Solutions, manufacturer of Membrane based gas generation and treatment systems

Unattended ground sensor, used by U.S. Army to detect presence of persons or vehicles

Union de la gauche socialiste, Union of Socialist Left, a defunct French left-wing party

Urmston Grammar, in Greater Manchester, England

Utah Genealogical Society

Utah Geological Survey, in Salt Lake City, Utah

Utah Golden Spikers, an American soccer club in Salt Lake City, Utah

Uttam Galva Steels, steel manufacturer in India

Underground gas storage, see natural gas storage

Unattended ground sensor
The Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) are a variety of small sensors, generally covert, dedicated to detect and identify activities on the ground such as enemy soldiers or vehicles. UGS come as systems with an integrated communication network and processing capabilities.
Fish Islands
The Fish Islands (66°2′S 65°25′W﻿ / ﻿66.033°S 65.417°W﻿ / -66.033; -65.417) are a group of small islands lying in the northern part of the entrance to Holtedahl Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill.

The Fish Islands are between Crystal Sound to the south and Grandidier Channel to the north, sheltered to the east of Renaud Island. The Fish Islands and The Minnows, small islets to the east, are occupied by an estimated 4,000 breeding pairs of Adelie penguins, and there is a small Antarctic shag (part of the imperial shag bird family) colony.

Kayakers near the Fish Islands

Seal on an ice floe near the Fish Islands

Iceberg near the Fish Islands

Holtedahl Bay
Holtedahl Bay (66°7′S 65°20′W﻿ / ﻿66.117°S 65.333°W﻿ / -66.117; -65.333) is a bay, 10 nautical miles (19 km) long in a northwest–southeast direction and averaging 6 nautical miles (11 km) wide, between Velingrad Peninsula and Stresher Peninsula along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. The bay is entered southwest of Prospect Point and northeast of Black Head, and has its head fed by Hugi Glacier.

It was discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, and named by John Rymill for Professor Olaf Holtedahl, a Norwegian geologist who conducted geologic research during 1927–28 in the South Shetland Islands and the Palmer Archipelago, to which he was transported by various whaling vessels.
Richard Carle
Richard Carle (born Charles Nicholas Carleton; July 7, 1871 – June 28, 1941) was an American stage and film actor as well as a playwright and stage director. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1915 and 1941.

Carle was born in Somerville, Massachusetts. He was on the stage for many years, appearing in important roles in London, New York and Chicago including as J. Offenbach Gaggs in The Casino Girl (1900) and Algy Cuffs in The Belle of Bohemia in London in 1901 before making his screen debut. In 1941, he died in North Hollywood, California, from a heart attack.

Carle married twice, first to Ella Samantha Clifford, with whom he had one child, and then to Laura Casner following Clifford's death.

North Hollywood, Los Angeles
North Hollywood (NoHo) is a neighborhood and district in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood contains the NoHo Arts District, El Portal Theater, several art galleries, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. The North Hollywood Metro Rail station is the northern terminus of the B Line subway on the Los Angeles Metro.

North Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887. It was first named "Toluca" before being renamed "Lankershim" in 1896 and finally "North Hollywood" in 1927.
Nunation
Nunation (Arabic: تَنوِين, tanwīn), in some Semitic languages such as Arabic, is the addition of one of three vowel diacritics (ḥarakāt) to a noun or adjective.

This is used to indicate the word ends in an alveolar nasal without the addition of the letter nūn. The noun phrase is fully declinable and syntactically unmarked for definiteness, identifiable in speech.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Hautala
Hautala is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Heidi Hautala (born 1955), Finnish politician

Kari Hautala (1973–2016), Finnish basketball player

Kristina Hautala (born 1948), Finnish singer

Rick Hautala (1949–2013), American writer

Tiia Hautala (born 1972), Finnish heptathlete

Kari Hautala
Kari Hautala (10 March 1973 – 5 July 2016) was a Finnish basketball player.

The 194-centimetre-tall (6 ft 4 in) Hautala played his whole SM-sarja career for Torpan Pojat winning three Finnish championships and three Finnish Cup championships. He also played three seasons with ToPo at the EuroCup/Saporta Cup achieving Round of 16 in 1997–98 season at best and capped 15 times for Finland men's national team. Hautala was awarded as Korisliiga Defensive Player of the Year in 1998 and Korisliiga Sixth Man of the Year in 1994 and 1998.

Hautala died of heart attack on 5 July 2016 at 43 years of age.
Peter Clarke (police officer)
Peter John Michael Clarke, CVO, OBE, QPM (born 27 July 1955) is a retired senior police officer with London's Metropolitan Police, most notably having served as a Deputy Assistant Commissioner with the Specialist Operations directorate, commanding the Counter Terrorism Command.

Specialist Operations
The Specialist Operations directorate is a unit of the Metropolitan Police in London, England. It is responsible for providing specialist policing capabilities, including national security and counter-terrorism operations. As of August 2025, the Specialist Operations directorate is led by Assistant Commissioner Laurence Taylor.
Keith Lewis (English cricketer)
Leslie Keith Lewis (25 September 1929 – 10 October 2015) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Cambridge University in 1952 and 1953.

Keith Lewis attended Taunton School, where he was School Captain and played for the First XI, setting a record for the highest score for the school, 186 against Downside School, in 1948. After two years of National Service in the Army he went up to Pembroke College, Cambridge, to study Law and Economics. He gained his cricket and hockey blues, captaining the university hockey team. A middle-order batsman, his highest score was 53 not out against Surrey in 1953. He also played hockey for Middlesex.

After finishing his studies he was employed by the meat suppliers Borthwick and Sons for 23 years, including periods in Australia and New Zealand. He married Elizabeth Winyard in 1955, and they had two sons and a daughter. They were married for more than 60 years.

Conscription in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, military conscription has existed for two periods in modern times. The first was from 1916 to 1920, and the second from 1939 to 1960. The last conscription term ended in 1963 although many soldiers chose to continue in the service beyond 1963.

It was legally designated as "Military Service" from 1916 to 1920, and as "National Service" from 1939 to 1960. However, between 1939 and 1948, it was often referred to as "War Service" in documents relating to National Insurance and pension provision.
Sainte-Cécile-de-Whitton
Sainte-Cécile-de-Whitton is a municipality in Quebec, in the regional county municipality of Le Granit in the administrative region of Estrie. It is named after Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of musicians and Church music.

Church music
Church music is a genre of Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.
Where You Stand
Where You Stand is the seventh studio album by the Scottish rock band Travis, released on 19 August 2013, on their own record label, Red Telephone Box via Kobalt Label Services. The album was produced by Michael Ilbert, and promoted by three singles: "Where You Stand", "Moving" and "Mother". It is the first album released by the band after a five-year break.

Kobalt Label Services
Kobalt Music Recordings is a division of Kobalt Music Group. KLS provides record label services to artists, receiving a share of revenues, while allowing artists to retain ownership of their master recordings. The company was founded in 2012 when Kobalt acquired digital distributor AWAL. Their roster includes artists such as Chip, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds, Prince, New Kids on the Block, Pet Shop Boys, Maya Jane Coles, and Travis.
Yang Sheng-hsiung
Yang Sheng-Hsiung (Chinese: 杨胜雄; pinyin: Yáng Shèngxióng; born June 1, 1983) is a Taiwanese weightlifter. He represented Chinese Taipei at two Olympic games, and had won a silver medal for the featherweight category (62 kg) at the 2009 East Asian Games in Hong Kong, China.

At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Yang placed ninth in the men's 62-kg class, by lifting a total of 280 kg. He repeated his position for the same category at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, with a snatch of 130 kg, and a clean and jerk of 157 kg, to combine a total of 287 kg.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.
1978 Malawian general election
General elections were held in Malawi on 29 June 1978. As the country had become a one-party state in 1966, the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) was the sole legal party at the time. However, unlike the two previous elections, in which MCP leader and president for life Hastings Banda had selected a single candidate for each constituency, there was more than one nominated candidate in 47 of the 87 constituencies. As a result, voting took place on election day for the first time since the 1961 elections in what was then the British protectorate of Nyasaland.

All prospective candidates were vetted by Banda after being nominated by MCP committees, and had to declare their allegiance to Banda in order to be allowed to stand. Candidates ran unopposed in 33 of the remaining seats, and seven were left vacant as the candidates failed the English proficiency test. Of the estimated 3,000,000 registered voters, around 371,000 cast votes.

British protectorate
British protectorates were protectorates under the jurisdiction of the British government. Many territories which became British protectorates already had local rulers with whom the Crown negotiated through treaty, acknowledging their status whilst simultaneously offering protection. British protectorates were therefore governed by indirect rule. In most cases, the local ruler, as well as the subjects of the ruler, were not British subjects, but rather British protected persons. British protected states represented a more loose form of British suzerainty, where the local rulers retained absolute control over the states' internal affairs and the British exercised control over defence and foreign affairs.
Osaigbovo Iyoha
Osaigbovo Iyoha is a Nigerian engineer and politician who served as the Chief of Staff to the Governor of Edo State, Godwin Obaseki, since June 2021. He is associated with the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and was a member of the Edo State House of Assembly for Oredo East Constituency from 2015 to 2019.

Edo State House of Assembly
The Edo State House of Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Nigerian state of Edo. Chapter V, Part II of the Constitution of Nigeria, adopted in 1999, defines the role of the House of Assembly. The House of Assembly is composed of 24 members, each elected from single-member constituencies across the 18 local government areas of the state. In addition to lawmaking, House of Assembly collaborates closely with the executive branch to support state development initiatives.

Currently, the People's Democratic Party (PDP) holds a majority in the Assembly with 15 seats. The All Progressives Congress (APC) and the Labour Party (LP) are in the minority with APC having 8 seats and LP have 1 seat.