hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Applied Management
The University of Applied Management (HAM) is a private, state-recognized university of applied sciences with headquarters in Ismaning, which was founded in 2004. Further study centers are located in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Cologne, Mannheim, Nuremberg, Stuttgart, Treuchtlingen, Unna and Vienna. The university offers courses in the fields of business administration, sports management and technology and media. Until 2017, the main location was in Erding.

Erding
Erding (German pronunciation: [ˈeːɐ̯dɪŋ] ⓘ) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the rural district of the same name. It had a population of 36,469 in 2019.

The original Erdinger Weissbier is a well-known Bavarian specialty.

Erding is located around 31 kilometers northeast of central Munich, about a 30-minute drive by car. Regular S-Bahn trains connect to Munich and beyond.
Paul Child (singer)
Paul Child (born Paul Michael Thomas) is a Welsh folk singer who lives in Bridgend, Wales. Best known for his involvement with Welsh rugby, 
Child has sung the Welsh National Anthem at many of the Wales international rugby matches at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.

Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" (Welsh pronunciation: [heːn wlaːd və n̥adai̯]) is the unofficial national anthem of Wales. The title, taken from the first words of the song, means "The Old Land of My Fathers" in Welsh, usually rendered in English as simply "Land of My Fathers". The words were written by Evan James and the tune composed by his son, James James, both residents of Pontypridd, Glamorgan, in January 1856. The earliest written copy survives and is part of the collections of the National Library of Wales.
Cressman
Cressman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Beverley Cressman, a British actress

Dave Cressman (born 1950), retired Canadian ice hockey left winger

George P. Cressman (1919–2008), American meteorologist and National Weather Service director (1965-1979)

Glen Cressman (born 1934), retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward

Joseph Cressman Thompson or Joseph Cheesman Thompson, M. D., (1874–1943), career medical officer in the United States Navy

Luther Cressman (1897–1994), American anthropologist

Tom Cressman, murdered by Jane Andrews, a one-time Royal dresser for Sarah, the Duchess of York

George Cressman
George Parmley Cressman (Oct. 7, 1919 – April 17, 2008) was the National Weather Service director who applied computers to meteorology and helped to change weather forecasting into a codified science. In the 1950s, Dr. Cressman was responsible for developing the first program to accurately and reliably forecast the weather using a computer. The method was called the “Cressman Analysis” or “Cressman Method” and changed forecasting methods and allowed meteorologists to develop numerical weather prediction. He was the director of the Weather Service from 1965 to 1979.
Saint-Mayme-de-Péreyrol
Saint-Mayme-de-Péreyrol (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mɛm də peʁeʁɔl]; before 2020: Saint-Maime-de-Péreyrol; Occitan: Sent Maime de Perairòus) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Dordogne
Dordogne (UK: /dɔːrˈdɔɪn/ dor-DOYN, US: /dɔːrˈdoʊn/ dor-DOHN or /dɔːrˈdɔːnjə/ dor-DAWN-yə; French: [dɔʁdɔɲ] ⓘ; Occitan: Dordonha [duɾˈduɲɔ]) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 412,807.
The Step of the Century
The Step of the Century (in German: Jahrhundertschritt) is a bronze sculpture that was created by Wolfgang Mattheuer in 1984. It is considered one of the most important works of art in the GDR at the time of the division of Germany and is a parable of the turmoil of the 20th century.

Wolfgang Mattheuer
Wolfgang Mattheuer (7 April 1927—7 April 2004) was a German painter, graphic artist and sculptor. Together with Werner Tübke and Bernhard Heisig he was a leading representative of the Leipzig School, a figurative art current in East Germany. He came to prominence with allegorical, pessimistic and sometimes heroic paintings which were accused of expressing political dissidence. He was later an open critic of both socialism and capitalism. He taught at the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig (HGB) for many years. In 1974 he resigned from his position as professor at the HGB to work as a freelance painter. In 1988 he left the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.

In the West he was for a long time seen as an untrendy Sunday painter, but a large retrospective held in Chemnitz for his 75th birthday raised his profile. He was married to the painter Ursula Mattheuer-Neustädt.
Debris fallout
Debris fallout refers to debris lofted into the air by a tornado that falls back to the ground, and that can persist well after a tornado has lifted. Debris lofted by stronger tornadoes has been known to travel significant distances, upwards of 200 mi (320 km) on rare occasions. Debris fallout events can be detected on radar using dual polarization products, notably correlation coefficient. Most debris in excess of 1 lb (0.45 kg) is not moved a great distance; however, lighter objects—especially paper goods—can be absorbed by the storm's updraft and moved into its forward-flank downdraft where they can be transported further by non-tornadic downdraft winds.

Paper
Paper is a thin sheet of matted cellulose fibers. Largely derived from lignocellulose, paper is created from a pulp dissolved into a slurry that is drained and dried into sheets. Different types of paper are defined by constituent fiber, paper pulp, sizing, coating, paper size, paper density and grammage.

The papermaking process developed in East Asia at least as early as 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although archaeological evidence exists of 2nd century BCE paper-like material in China. Before the industrialization of paper production, the most common paper was rag paper, made from discarded natural fiber textiles collected by ragpickers. The 1843 invention of wood pulp, coupled with the Second Industrial Revolution, made pulpwood paper the dominant variety to this day.
Basil Douglas (politician)
Basil Mark Douglas (25 February 1960 – 28 August 2020) was a South African politician and community activist in the coloured suburbs of Johannesburg. He served in the National Assembly from 1999 to 2004, representing the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) until April 2003, when he crossed the floor to the New National Party (NNP).

A teacher by profession, he founded the South Western Joint Civic Association in 1994 and subsequently led the group through two major ratepayers' protests. After leaving Parliament in 2004, he represented the Democratic Alliance (DA) as a local councillor in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality from early 2015 until early 2020, when he was expelled from the DA for insubordination.

Floor crossing (South Africa)
Floor crossing was a system introduced to the post-apartheid South African political system in 2002, under which members of Parliament, members of provincial legislatures and local government councillors could change political party (or form a new party) and take their seats with them when they did so. Floor crossing in South Africa was abolished in January 2009.
György Magyar
György Magyar (born 23 October 1949) is a Hungarian lawyer, politician and university teacher. He has served as Vice Chairman of the Everybody's Hungary Movement since 2018.

In 1973, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Eötvös Loránd University.

Magyar was the MP candidate of the MSZP–P coalition in the 4th constituency of Somogy County in the 2018 Hungarian parliamentary election. He received 11,221 votes (25.02%), and finished 2nd behind Mihály Witzmann of Fidesz.

Somogy County
Somogy (Hungarian: Somogy vármegye, pronounced [ˈʃomoɟ]; Croatian: Šomođska županija; Slovene: Šomodska županija, German: Komitat Schomodei) is an administrative county (comitatus or vármegye) in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary.

Somogy County lies in south-western Hungary, on the border with Croatia's Koprivnica-Križevci and Virovitica-Podravina counties. It stretches between the river Dráva and the southern shore of Lake Balaton. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of Zala, Veszprém, Fejér, Tolna, and Baranya. Somogy is the most sparsely populated county in Hungary. The county capital is Kaposvár. Its area is 6,036 km2.
Atkinson Hill
Atkinson Hill was an American attorney and veteran of the American Revolution.  Born in Virginia about 1755, he became the first Judge of Nelson County, Kentucky. He constructed his family estate, Federal Hill, in Bardstown, Kentucky in 1795.  The estate was later destroyed by fire.  Hill died in 1824.

Bardstown, Kentucky
Bardstown is a home rule-class city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 13,567 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Nelson County.

Bardstown is named for the pioneering Bard brothers. David Bard obtained a 1,000-acre (400 ha) land grant in 1785 in what was then Jefferson County, Virginia. William Bard surveyed and platted the town. It was originally chartered as Baird's Town in 1788, and has been known as Beardstown, and Beards Town. The production of bourbon whiskey is a major industry.
Saaroa people
The Saaroa or Hla'alua people (Chinese: 拉阿魯哇族) are an indigenous people of central southern Taiwan. They live in the two villages of Taoyuan and Kaochung in Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung and Maya Village in Namasia District, Kaohsiung.

The group attained official recognition from the Taiwanese government on 26 June 2014 under the name Hla'alua as the 15th indigenous people of Taiwan. Previously, the group as considered as subgroup of the Tsou people.

Village (Taiwan)
Villages are the basic level administrative subdivisions of the Republic of China, under townships, county-administered cities or districts. There are two types of villages depending on the divisions it belongs to.
Oksana Zbrozhek
Oksana Zbrozhek (born 12 January 1978) is a Russian middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres.

She won the gold medal at the 2007 European Indoor Championships and the silver medal at the 2009 European Indoor Championships. She also competed at the 2005 European Indoor Championships, but without reaching the final round.

2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in the National Indoor Arena (NIA) in Birmingham, England, from Friday, 2 March to Sunday, 4 March 2007. Birmingham also held the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Café Bräunerhof
Café Bräunerhof is a traditional Viennese café and restaurant located at Stallburggasse 2 in the Innere Stadt first district in Vienna, Austria. Bräunerhof is best known for being the preferred café of the famous Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard. Today there is a vitrine showing a picture of the author and pointing the direction to the café on a street corner nearby. Every Saturday there is live music at the café with a small orchestra playing waltzes and classical music. The restaurant was opened around 1920/1921 by Friedrich Bolberitz as Café Sans Souci. It was a meeting place for antique dealers in the area and also functioned as a dance café. Bolberitz had to leave Vienna in 1938, his successor changed the name of the house to "Bräunerhof" (this is named after Bräunerstrasse). Under the owner Siegfried Hosnik, the café was again frequented by artists and writers.

Innere Stadt
The Innere Stadt (German pronunciation: [ˈɪnərə ˈʃtad] ⓘ; Viennese: Innare Stod; "Inner City") is the 1st municipal district of Vienna (German: 1. Bezirk) located in the center of the Austrian capital. The Innere Stadt is the old town of Vienna. Until the city boundaries were expanded in 1850, the Innere Stadt was congruent with the city of Vienna. Traditionally it was divided into four quarters, which were designated after important town gates: Stubenviertel (northeast), Kärntner Viertel (southeast), Widmerviertel (southwest), Schottenviertel (northwest).

The Ringstraße circles the Innere Stadt along the route of the former city walls.

The first district is, with a workforce of 100,745, the largest employment locale in Vienna. This is partially due to tourism, as well as the presence of many corporate headquarters due to the district's central location.
Lewie
Lewie is an English surname and male given name. Notable people with this name include:

Jona Lewie (born 1947), English singer-songwriter

Lewie Coyle (born 1995), English football player

Lewie G. Merritt (1897–1974), American major general

Lewie Gold, member of Captain Beyond

Lewie Diaz, a fictional character in the Disney series, Stuck in the Middle

Lewie Hardage

Lewie Steinberg (1933–2016), American musician

Stuck in the Middle (TV series)
Stuck in the Middle is an American family comedy television series developed by Alison Brown and Linda Videtti Figueiredo and created by Alison Brown that premiered on Disney Channel on February 14, 2016. The series focuses on Jenna Ortega as Harley Diaz, who invents many gadgets to deal with living in a large family. In addition to the regular episodes, the series also aired six shorts on December 16, 2016. After three seasons and 57 episodes, the series concluded with the episode "Stuck in Harley's Quinceañera" on July 23, 2018.
Out Standing
Out Standing (French: Seule au front) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Mélanie Charbonneau and released in 2025. An adaptation of Sandra Perron's memoir Outstanding in the Field, the film stars Nina Kiri as Perron, adapting to civilian life after resigning from her position with the Canadian Armed Forces amid a media firestorm around allegations, which she refuses to publicly confirm, that she was sexually assaulted.

The cast also includes Vincent Leclerc, Antoine Pilon, Enrico Colantoni, Adrian Walters, Stephen Kalyn, Conrad Pla, Andreas Apergis, Noah Parker, Steve Nash, Nicolas Fontaine, Aniko Kaszas, Hayley Festeryga and Anthony Therrien in supporting roles.

Conrad Pla
Conrad Pla (born October 24, 1966) is a Spanish-born Canadian actor, martial artist, and former professional kickboxer. He competed as a light heavyweight and super middleweight between 1984 and 1998, and held both the ISKA North American and WKA Intercontinental championships. He is a co-founder of and trainer at Tristar Gym.

Since retiring from kickboxing, Pla has worked as a film and television actor, notably as Carlos Serrano on ReGenesis (2004–08), Sergeant Julien Houle on 19-2 (2014–17), and Colonel Janus on The Expanse (2017). He has also provided voiceover work for video games, notably the Assassin's Creed and Far Cry series.
Het Koetshuis Schuttersveld
Het Koetshuis Schuttersveld is a defunct restaurant in Enschede, Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star in 1987 and retained that rating until 2001.

Owner and head chef Fred Böhnke closed the restaurant in February 2009, after 32 years. He cited the smoking ban and the recession as the reason for his demise of the restaurant. Böhnke followed the advice of his bank and closed the restaurant before going bankrupt.

The restaurant was located in the former coach house (Dutch: Koetshuis) of the villa Schuttersveld, built in 1823. Originally the restaurant was named Het Koetshuis and located at the address "Walstraat 48".

Het Koetshuis Schuttersveld was a member of Alliance Gastronomique Neerlandaise in the period 1991–2006.

Types of restaurant
Restaurants fall into several industry classifications, based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing, as well as the means by which the food is served to the customer. This article mainly describes the situation in the US, while categorisation differs widely around the world.
A Most Powerful Adversary
"A Most Powerful Adversary" is the seventh episode of the second season of the American supernatural drama television series The Leftovers, based on the novel of the same name by Tom Perrotta. It is the seventeenth overall episode of the series and was written by series creator Damon Lindelof and co-producer Patrick Somerville, and directed by executive producer Mimi Leder. It was first broadcast on HBO in the United States on November 15, 2015.

In the episode, Kevin's hallucinations of Patti disrupt his life, causing Nora to flee her house with Lily and Mary. He seeks Virgil's help, realizing they previously met.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.610 million household viewers and gained a 0.3 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received critical acclaim, with critics expressing surprise with the ending, feeling that it could change the course of the series.

The Leftovers (novel)
The Leftovers is a 2011 satirical dystopian novel by American author Tom Perrotta. Set in the aftermath of a Rapture-like event in which 2% of Earth's human population vanished into thin air, it chronicles the lives of several individuals from a small New York town attempting to adjust to the significant cultural shift brought about by the event, while also navigating their personal trauma and losses.

A television adaptation, co-created by Perrotta and Damon Lindelof,  was produced for HBO, and ran for three seasons from June 29, 2014 to June 4, 2017. It garnered critical acclaim and has grown a dedicated cult following over the years.
PP-13 Rawalpindi-VIII
PP-13 Rawalpindi-VIII (پی پی-13، راولپنڈى-8) was a Constituency of Provincial Assembly of Punjab. This constituency was created after Rawalpindi District gained 1 seat after 2018 Delimitations. After 2023 Delimitations The constituency was abolished after Rawalpindi lost 1 seat.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Santiago Miltepec
Santiago Miltepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of  km2. 
It is part of the Huajuapan District in the north of the Mixteca Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of .

Mixteca Region
The Mixteca Region is a region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, part of the broader La Mixteca area which covers parts of the states of Puebla, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
The region includes the districts of Juxtlahuaca, Silacayoapam, Huajuapan, Coixtlahuaca, Teposcolula, Tlaxiaco and Nochixtlán. The largest cities are Huajuapan and Tlaxiaco.
According to the 2020 census the region had 452,429 people over the age of five, of which 227,680 spoke Mixteco.
Adoption of free and open-source software by public institutions
The use of free software instead of proprietary software can give institutions better control over information technology. A growing number of public institutions have started a transition to free-software solutions. This grants independence and can also address the often-argued need for public access to publicly funded developments. This is the only way that public services can ensure that citizen data is handled in a trustworthy manner since non-free software doesn't allow total control (or even knowledge) over the employed functions of the needed programs.

See also : List of Linux adopters and List of BSD adopters

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Franciszek Ksawery Chomiński
Franciszek Ksawery Chomiński (c. 1730 – 9 June 1809) was a Polish soldier, politician, translator and poet. Sejm deputy, deputy to the Lithuanian Tribunal and voivode of Mscislaw from 1788 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and marshal of the Grodno Governorate in the Russian Empire after partitions of Poland.

A cavalry officer, he was a supporter of the Bar Confederation. Later, he became more active in the Commonwealth politics, and was a deputy to Sejms of 1780, 1782 and 1784; at the latter one he served as its marshal. He was among the supporters of the Constitution of the 3rd May.
After the partitions of Poland he supported Adam Czartoryski in Paris. He also served as the marshal of the Grodno Governorate.

He received the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1784 and the Order of the White Eagle in 1785.

As a writer, he wrote poetry and epigrams, and translated into Polish several works from French, most notably, those of Jean Baptiste Racine.

Marshal of the Sejm
The Marshal of the Sejm  (Polish: Marszałek Sejmu, pronounced [marˈʂawɛk ˈsɛjmu]) is the speaker (chair) of the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish Parliament. The office traces its origins to the 15th century. In modern Poland, the full title is Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej). Marszałek, in this case, is Polish native name for parliamentary Speaker.
Cécile Pelous
Cécile Pelous is a French philanthropist and creative designer for couture houses in Paris. Pelous worked with some of the largest fashion brands including Dior, Lacroix, Nina Ricci, Yves Saint Laurent, and Galliano.

Yves Saint Laurent (fashion house)
Yves Saint Laurent SAS (/ˌiːv ˌsæ̃ lɔːˈrɒ̃/, also UK: /- lɒ-/, US: /- loʊ-/; French: [iv sɛ̃ lɔʁɑ̃] ⓘ), also known as Saint Laurent and YSL, is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1961 by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé. The company specializes in couture, ready-to-wear, leather accessories, and footwear. Its cosmetics line, YSL Beauty, is owned by L'Oréal. Cédric Charbit has been CEO of Yves Saint Laurent since 2024, and Anthony Vaccarello creative director since 2016. In 2024, Yves Saint Laurent reported 2.9 billion euros in sales.
Bolle Bay
Bolle Bay (54°27′S 3°21′E﻿ / ﻿54.450°S 3.350°E﻿ / -54.450; 3.350) is a cove indenting the western shore of Bouvetøya, entered on the southern side of Norvegia Point. Roughly charted in 1898 by the German expedition under Carl Chun, it was re-charted and named in December 1927 by a Norwegian expedition under Captain Harald Horntvedt.

Carl Chun
Carl Chun or Karl Friedrich Gustav Chun (German pronunciation: [ˈkuːn]; 1 October 1852 – 11 April 1914) was a German marine biologist who worked as a professor at the Universities of Königsberg (1883), Breslau (1891) and Leipzig (1898). He was a pioneer of German oceanographic research, organizing the first deep-sea expedition aboard the SS Valdivia in 1898-99. He spent much of his life studying the collections made during the expedition, and was responsible for discovering many marine organisms, including the vampire squid.