hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nurol Holding
Nurol Holding is an industrial conglomerate in Turkey operating in the construction, defence manufacturing, energy, investment banking and tourism industries. Its core business is construction; Nurol Construction was founded in 1966. It is privately owned, with equal shares held by three members of the Çarmıklı family. The Holding was established in 1989.

The company's 35th anniversary celebration in 2001 was attended by former Prime Minister and President of Turkey Suleyman Demirel. In 2007, it considered entering the media sector by participating in the Sabah-ATV tender, but decided it against it after reviewing the companies' financials.

Prime Minister of Turkey
The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı), was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Turkish Parliament and presided over the cabinet. Throughout the political history of Turkey, functions and powers of the post have changed occasionally. Prior to its dissolution as a result of the 2017 Constitutional Referendum, the holder of the premiership was generally the dominant figure in Turkish politics, outweighing the president.
Tor Nessling
Tor Ragnar Nessling MSc (diplomi-insinööri) (6 September 1901 – 23 November 1971) was a leading Finnish industrialist, entrepreneur and engineer. For nearly four decades he was the general manager of the Finnish heavy vehicle producer Suomen Autoteollisuus (SAT). His contribution to national development was officially recognized by the Finnish President who appointed Nessling as a "Vuorineuvos".

Nessling became head of SAT in 1932, soon after the company's foundation. He developed the business in an era when only few believed in the possibility of a Finnish automotive industry, and a decade later had become the company's majority shareholder. Nessling took a patriarchal approach to his leadership of the company, which he built into a producer of trucks, bus chassis, rail vehicles and specialist terminal tractors. Nessling lost his controlling shareholding following a merger in 1968, resigned in 1970 and died the following year.

Vuorineuvos
Vuorineuvos (Finnish: [ˈʋuo̯riˌneu̯ʋos], 'mining councilor', literally Finnish for 'mountain councilor'; Swedish: bergsråd) is both a Finnish honorary title and a historical Swedish role on the Swedish Board of Mines. The Finnish title is granted by the President of Finland to leading figures in industry and commerce. The title is honorary and has no responsibilities and no privileges. All Finnish titles are non-hereditary. The only title of equal rank is valtioneuvos.
Grist Mill Trail
The Grist Mill Trail is a 5.0 mile long hiking and biking trail located in Patapsco Valley State Park in the Baltimore County side of the Patapsco Valley near Catonsville, Maryland. The paved pathway runs parallel to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to the north, and the Patapsco River to the south.

The original segment of the path connected the Lost Lake to the Patapsco Swinging Bridge in the Avalon area of the park. In 2006, the trail was expanded to Ilchester Road, where a second swinging bridge was built atop the remains of the Patterson Viaduct. All together, the Grist Mill Trail travels from River Road in Relay, Maryland to Ilchester Road/River Road in Ellicott City, Maryland.

Patapsco Valley
The Patapsco Valley is a small valley surrounding the Patapsco River in central Maryland. The region is known for its historical significance as a major economic and industrial center in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Suttor
Suttor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dudley Suttor (1892–1962), Australian who played rugby union for Australia

Francis Bathurst Suttor (1839–1915), Australian pastoralist and politician, son of William Henry Suttor

George Suttor (1774–1859), pioneer settler of Australia, father of William Henry and John Bligh Suttor

John Bligh Suttor (1809–1886), Australian politician, brother of William Henry Suttor

Rory Suttor (born 1998), Australian rugby union player

Timothy Suttor (1926–1997), Australian Catholic theologian

William Henry Suttor (1805–1877), an Australian pastoralist and politician, father of William Suttor Jr. and Francis Bathurst Suttor

William Suttor Jr. (1834–1905), Australian politician and pastoralist, son of William Henry Suttor

John Bligh Suttor
John Bligh Suttor (1809 – 27 May 1886) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Baulkham Hills to settler George Suttor and Sarah Dobinson.  John Suttor was a pastoralist. On 16 September 1845 he married Julia Bowler, with whom he had ten children.

Suttor was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for East Macquarie in 1867, a seat previously held by his brother William. John served until his retirement in 1872. In 1882 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death at Wyagdon near Bathurst in 1886.

His nephew William Junior was later elected as the member for East Macquarie before being appointed to the Legislative Council. His grandson John served as an appointed member of the Legislative Council from 1921 until 1934.
Jan Bartůněk
Jan Bartůněk (born 13 February 1965 in Čáslav) is a Czech former sprint canoeist who competed for Czechoslovakia in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He won two medals in the C-1 10000 m at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 1990 and a bronze in 1989.

Bartůněk also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, finishing eighth in both the C-1 1000 m and the C-2 500 m events.

Čáslav
Čáslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃaːslaf]; German: Tschaslau) is a town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Kieran O'Gorman
Kieran O'Gorman (born 1972) is a retired Irish hurler who formerly played with Lismore GAA at club level and with Waterford GAA at inter-county level.

O'Gorman generally played at either full-back or corner-back and was noted his large stature, standing at over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall.  O'Gorman's main achievement was winning the All-Ireland Under 21 Hurling Championship in 1992 with Waterford GAA. O'Gorman also played for a number of years with the Waterford Senior Hurling Team.

O'Gorman played club hurling with Lismore GAA right into the 2000s.  Success came early in his club career having won Waterford Senior Hurling Championships in both 1991 and 1993.  Later on his career, he played in a Lismore GAA side notable for coming very close in the championship but ultimately failing at either the final hurdle or the semi-final stage.  He went on to lose a further 2 finals and numerous semi-finals, all to Ballygunner GAA.

Ballygunner GAA
Ballygunner GAA (nicknamed  "The Gunners") is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club located in the parish of St Mary's Ballygunner in Waterford City, Ireland.

The club concerns itself primarily with hurling.
Kalmar Airport
Kalmar Airport (IATA: KLR, ICAO: ESMQ), branded as Kalmar Öland Airport, is an airport in south-eastern Sweden. The airport is located 5 kilometres west of downtown Kalmar. The airfield was originally the home of the Kalmar Wing (F 12). The airport is owned by Kalmar Municipality and Kalmar County.

Kalmar County
Kalmar County (Swedish: Kalmar län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland.

The counties are mainly administrative units. Geographically Kalmar County covers the eastern part in the Småland province, and the entire island of Öland.
Elephant Pass
Elephant Pass (Tamil: ஆனையிறவு, romanized: Āṉaiyiṟavu; Sinhala: අලිමංකඩ, romanized: Alimankada) is a region located at the gateway of the Jaffna Peninsula in the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It lies about 340 km north of the capital. It has an important military base and used to be the island's largest salt field. It was regularly the site of battles during the Sri Lankan civil war.

Dry lake
A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (/ˈplaɪ-ə/), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkaline compounds, it is known as an alkali flat. If covered with salt, it is known as a salt flat.
Hacılar, Hassa
Hacılar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hassa, Hatay Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 495 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 8 houses inhabited by Turks, 2 houses by Armenians, and 4 houses by Turkish-speaking Greeks.

Martin Hartmann
Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies.

In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. From 1876 to 1887 he served as a dragoman at the German General Consulate in Beirut. From 1887 until his death in 1918 he taught classes at the Department of Oriental Languages in Berlin.

As a professor in Berlin he strove hard for the recognition of Islamic studies as an independent discipline. His numerous contributions to the field of Islamic studies were based on a sociological standpoint. Many of these works were published in the journal "Die Welt des Islams" (The World of Islam), a publication of the "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde", an organization that Hartmann was a co-founder of in 1912.
Mala, Lanzarote
Mala is a village in the municipality of Haría on Lanzarote in the province of Las Palmas in the Canary Islands. Its population in 2012 was 533.

The village's economy is based around tourism and agriculture (principally rearing of cochineal beetles in fields of opuntia cactus).

Its nearest neighbours are the villages of Guatiza and Charco del Palo, both about 3 km away. Mala is served by two regular bus routes between Lanzarote's capital Arrecife and the north of the island (Órzola and Máguez).

Province of Las Palmas
The Province of Las Palmas (/lɑːs ˈpɑːlməs/, UK: /ˈpɑːməs/; Spanish: Provincia de Las Palmas) is a province of Spain, consisting of the eastern part of the autonomous community of the Canary Islands. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, capital city of this province and of the island of Gran Canaria, is the largest city in the Canary Islands.

In 1927, the Province of Canary Islands was split into two provinces: Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. In 1982, both provinces became part of the newly founded autonomous community of the Canary Islands.
Dâmbovița (river)
The Dâmbovița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdɨmbovitsa] ⓘ) is a river in Romania. It has its sources on the Curmătura Oticului, a mountain pass that separates the Iezer Mountains from the Făgăraș Mountains proper. It passes through Bucharest and flows into the river Argeș near Budești, in Călărași County. Its length is 286 km (178 mi) and its basin size is 2,824 km2 (1,090 sq mi). Dâmbovița County is named after the river.

Boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Bulgaria, Kievan Rus' (and later Russia), Moldavia and Wallachia (and later Romania), Lithuania and among Baltic Germans. Comparable to Dukes/Grand Dukes, Boyars were second only to the ruling princes, grand princes or tsars from the 10th to the 17th centuries.
Verdi, California
Verdi is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sierra County, California. Verdi sits at an elevation of 5,315 feet (1,620 m). The 2020 United States census reported Verdi's population was 179.  It is just across the state line from Verdi, Nevada and below the Verdi Range.

The town of Verdi was named after Giuseppe Verdi by Charles Crocker, founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, when he pulled a slip of paper from a hat and read the name of the Italian opera composer in 1868.

Charles Crocker
Charles Crocker (September 16, 1822 – August 14, 1888) was an American railroad executive who was one of the founders of the Central Pacific Railroad, which constructed the westernmost portion of the first transcontinental railroad, and took control with partners of the Southern Pacific Railroad.
Worcester Warriors
Worcester Warriors is a professional rugby union club based in Worcester, England. The side most recently played in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union, before being suspended by the RFU in September 2022 due to financial insolvency. Following a period of administration, the club was reformed as a new entity and will play in Champ Rugby from the 2025–26 season.

National League 1
National One, up until 2023 known as National League 1 and previously known before September 2009 as National Division Two), is the third of three national leagues in the domestic rugby union competition of England. It was known as Courage League National Division Three when it was founded in 1987. Richmond are the current champions.

The Rugby Football Union (RFU) approved a new structure for the National Leagues from the 2022–23 season. This division was reduced to fourteen teams, playing each other on a home and away basis to make a total of 26 matches each.
Oryol i Reshka
Heads and Tails (Russian: Орел и решка; Ukrainian: Орел і решка, romanized: Orel i reshka, lit. 'Oryol i reshka') is Ukrainian travel TV show that launched in 2011. It is broadcast in Ukraine, Russia, Israel, and Kazakhstan in Russian and Ukrainian languages. Its reruns are also available on Polish and Israeli television.

Heads and Tails is hosted by two co-hosts. In each episode, the show visits another location in the world for one weekend. One of the hosts (determined by a coin toss) receives a credit card with unlimited credit (in practice, this has been limited to US$30,000 per day), called the Golden Card, while the other has to spend the weekend with US$100 including all expenses. Starting with the second season, the show has hidden a bottle with $100 in each visited location for travelers to find.

A spin-off, called Oryol i Reshka Shopping dealing with shopping, began airing on February 15, 2014.

Coin flipping
Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails involves using the thumb to launch a coin in the air and then checking which side is showing once it has landed, in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. Used in such a fashion, the coin serves as a binary lot.
Purdue All-American Marching Band
The Purdue "All-American" Marching Band (or AAMB) is the marching band of Purdue University and performs at Purdue Boilermakers football games. The AAMB is also the official band of the Indianapolis 500 race, having held the position since 1919.

Since the founding of the band in 1886, the group has grown from an original 5 members to 395 members.

Notable features of the band include the Purdue Big Bass Drum, the Purdue Golden Girl featured twirler, and the "Block P", which is the first marching band field formation created in 1907.

Drum major (marching band)
A drum major or field commander is the leader of a marching band, drum and bugle corps, or pipe band, usually positioned at the head of the band or corps. The drum major is often dressed in more ornate clothing than the rest of the band or corps and is responsible for providing commands to the ensemble, leading them while marching, and directing them what to play, when to play, the dynamic or volume of playing, and what time to keep. The commands may be given verbally, through hand gestures, using a whistle or a baton, or with a mace.

In addition, the drum major serves as the liaison between the band director and the band. Essentially, a drum major is the leader who keeps the tempo with the use of a baton or other forms of time-keeping, such as conducting. The drum major often holds the responsibility to keep the band organized and structured.
Eleanor Heartney
Eleanor Heartney (born 1954) is an American art critic, curator, art historian, and editor, active in New York City. She has written for several publications including Art in America, The New York Times, The Washington Post, ARTNews, and the New Art Examiner; and she has authored books. She wrote about depictions of the apocalypse in her book, Doomsday Dreams (2019).

Heartney won the Frank Jewett Mather Award from the College Art Association in 1992, and the French government's Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres award in 2008.

ARTnews
ARTnews is an American online arts magazine based in New York City, formerly issued in print. Founded in 1902 and now the oldest art publication in the world, it covers visual arts from ancient to contemporary times. The publication includes news dispatches from correspondents, investigative reports, exhibition reviews, and profiles of artists and art collectors. Originally a print magazine issued at varying frequencies throughout its history, ARTnews transitioned to a digital publication and ceased its monthly and quarterly print issues in the 2010s and 2020s after a series of ownership changes that included merging with the magazine Art in America.
Hu Ze
Hu Ze (Chinese: 胡澤; born 7 September 1984) is a former Chinese short track speed skater. He is a champion and silver medallist of the 2007 Asian Winter Games. He briefly competed at the World Cup, achieving two personal podiums and one team victory during the 2006–07 season.

ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup
The Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was a series of international short track speed skating competitions, organised yearly by the International Skating Union since the winter of 1998/1999. Every year during the winter, a number of competitions on a number of different distances are held. Skaters can earn points at each competition and the skater who has the most points on a given distance at the end of the series is the winner.

The ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup was replaced by ISU Short Track World Tour starting since the 2024-25 season.
Martin AM Mauler
The Martin AM Mauler (originally XBTM) is a single-seat carrier-based attack aircraft built for the United States Navy. Designed during World War II, the Mauler encountered development delays and did not enter service until 1948 in small numbers. The aircraft proved troublesome and remained in frontline service only until 1950, when the Navy switched to the smaller and simpler Douglas AD Skyraider. Maulers remained in reserve squadrons until 1953. A few were built as AM-1Q electronic-warfare aircraft with an additional crewman in the fuselage.

Douglas Aircraft Company
The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace and defense company that was based in Southern California. It was founded in 1921 by Donald Wills Douglas Sr., and merged with McDonnell Aircraft in 1967 to form McDonnell Douglas, where it operated as a division.
Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
The Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus (Latin: Missionarii Comboniani Cordis Iesu), also known as the Comboni Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, or the Verona Fathers, and originally called the Sons of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Congregatio Filiorum S. Cordis Iesu), is a Catholic clerical male religious congregation of pontifical right.

Pontifical right
In Catholicism, "of pontifical right" is the term given to ecclesiastical institutions (religious and secular institutes, societies of apostolic life) either created by the Holy See, or approved by it with the formal decree known by the Latin name decretum laudis ('decree of praise'). The term is included in the names of institutions, often capitalised in English: "Institute of [xxx] of Pontifical Right".

The institutions of pontifical right depend immediately and exclusively on the Holy See on matters of internal governance and discipline.
Snina
Snina (Hungarian: Szinna, Rusyn: Снина) is a town in Slovakia located at the confluence of the Cirocha river and the small river Pčolinka in the valley between the Bukovec Mountains foothills and the Vihorlat Mountains. It is the closest town with rail and bus connections to Poloniny National Park.

Bukovec Mountains
The Bukovec Mountains (Slovak: Bukovské vrchy; Hungarian: Ungi-határhegység) is a flysch mountain range in north-eastern Slovakia, part of the Eastern Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.

It is located in the Prešov Region near the borders with Poland (Bieszczady Mountains) and Ukraine, and adjacent to the Laborec Highlands. The highest mountain is Kremenec at 1,221 m AMSL.

Original flora and fauna was preserved because of the area's remoteness. The mountain range is covered with beech forests. The area is protected by Poloniny National Park. Localities Havešová, Stužica and Rožok are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
CYP76 family
Cytochrome P450, family 76, also known as CYP76, is a cytochrome P450 family in land plants, related to the biosynthesis of many plant monoterpenes and diterpenes such as 8-hydroxygeraniol, tanshinone and alkannin. The first gene identified in this family is the CYP76A1 and CYP76A2 from the eggplant.

Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. Some diterpenes are antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory.
California State Relief Administration
The California State Relief Administration (SRA) was a government agency responsible for administering unemployment relief and distributing state and federal funds to improve conditions in California during the Great Depression. It was established in 1935 as the successor to the State Emergency Relief Administration (SERA), established in 1933. The SRA was effectively abolished in 1941 when the State Legislature refused to grant it further appropriations at the state level.

Appropriation bill
An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is a proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds. It is a bill that sets money aside for specific spending. In some democracies, approval of the legislature is necessary for the government to spend money.

In a Westminster parliamentary system, the defeat of an appropriation bill in a parliamentary vote generally necessitates either the resignation of a government or the calling of a general election. One of the more famous examples of the defeat of a supply bill was the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when the Senate, which was controlled by the opposition, refused to approve a package of appropriation and loan bills, prompting Governor-General Sir John Kerr to dismiss Prime Minister Gough Whitlam and appoint Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister until the next election (where the Fraser government was elected).
Kreis Bomst
The district of Bomst was a Prussian district which existed from 1793 to 1807 in the province of South Prussia and from 1815 to 1938 successively in the Grand Duchy of Posen, the Province of Posen and the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia. The district capital was Wollstein.

Grand Duchy of Posen
The Grand Duchy of Posen (German: Großherzogtum Posen; Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie) was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, created from territories annexed by Prussia after the Partitions of Poland, and formally established following the Congress of Vienna in 1815. On 9 February 1849, the Prussian administration renamed the grand duchy the Province of Posen. Its former name was unofficially used afterward for denoting the territory, especially by Poles, and today is used by modern historians to refer to different political entities until 1918. Its capital was Posen (Polish: Poznań). The title of Grand Duke of Posen remained until 1918 to the King of Prussia.