hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes W. Løvhaug
Johannes Waage Løvhaug (born 1967) is a Norwegian historian and editor-in-chief of the gazette Apollon of the Universitet of Oslo. He is cand.philol with history of ideas as his main interest. He has studied ideological at the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf.

In 2003, he published the book Politikk som idékamp, about the history of the Norwegian conservative periodical Minerva between 1957 and 1972. In this book, he claimed that the community associated with Minerva represented an important counter-weight and middle way between the Marxian movement in AKP(m-l) and the libertarian November associated with the organisation Libertas and the periodical Farmand. The book received mostly good critics by reviewers.

Libertas (Norway)
Libertas was a Norwegian libertarian business organisation.

It was founded in Oslo in 1947. The organisation's first secretary-general was jurist Trygve de Lange. It fought against the regulation politics of the Labour Party, and had considerable influence on conservatives in the 1950s and 1960s. It held lectures at Elingård in Fredrikstad from 1948, and published the magazine Nå from 1952 to 1995. Libertas was succeeded by the Liberal Research Institute in 1988.

Trygve de Lange was secretary-general from 1947 to 1976. The chairmen were Odd Berg (1947–1952), Knut Halvorsen (–1965), Johan Hjort (1965–1968), Jens C. Hagen (1968–), Hjalmar Aass (–1978), Birger Halvorsen (1978–), Johan Fredrik Biermann, Sverre Sunde and Sigurd Herlofson (1980s).
Rättvik Municipality
Rättvik Municipality (Swedish: Rättviks kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Rättvik.

In 1963 the municipality was reunited with Boda, which had been detached from it in 1875, and in 1974 Ore was added, thus forming the present municipality.

Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommuner) are its generally smaller but co-equal local government entities. There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for a large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning.
Heavy Phyo
Heavy Phyo also Heavy Phyoe (Burmese: ဟဲဗွီးဖြိုး) is a Burmese child actor and singer. He started his career as a child actor when he was two years old. He became well known for advertisements, including Java Coffee and Laser toothpaste.

He was nominated three times for the Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards at 2009, 2013 and 2015. He is best known for his performance in the film, Zaw Ka Ka Nay The, Satan's Dancer and I'm Rose, Darling.

Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards
The Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards are presented annually to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the Burmese Film Industry of Myanmar. The awards ceremony has been held annually since 1952. Each winner is presented with a golden statue and in recent years also a cash prize.
1959 NFL draft
The 1959 NFL draft had its first four rounds held on December 1, 1958, and its final twenty-six rounds on January 21, 1959. Both sessions were held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia. With the first overall pick in the draft, the Green Bay Packers selected quarterback Randy Duncan.

The Warwick
The Warwick is a historic hotel located at 1701 Locust Street in the Rittenhouse Square neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Originally constructed in 1925 in an English Renaissance style, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places on February 8, 1995.

The hotel hosted the 1944 NFL draft, 1960 NFL draft, and 1961 NFL draft.

The building has been divided into condominiums and a hotel that operated as the Radisson Blu Warwick Hotel in the past, but is now an independent hotel, the Warwick Rittenhouse Square Philadelphia.
Cum Cake
Cum Cake is the first mixtape by American rapper Cupcakke. It was released on February 9, 2016, independently through TuneCore. The first single, "Vagina", was released on October 9, 2015, and achieved viral popularity the same year. "Deepthroat" and "Juicy Coochie" were later-released singles along with "Tit for Tat", "Exceptions", and "Pedophile". The mixtape was listed in Rolling Stone's December 2016 40 Best Rap Albums of 2016.

TuneCore
TuneCore is a New York City–based digital music distribution, publishing and licensing service founded in 2006. It has been a part of the French music company Believe Music since April 2015.

TuneCore distributes music through online retailers such as Deezer, Spotify, Amazon Music, Apple Music, Google Play, Tidal, Beatport and others. TuneCore also offers music publishing administration services, helping songwriters record their compositions and earn royalties internationally. TuneCore has been sued twice for copyright infringement; the first lawsuit was settled out of court, and the second is ongoing.
Bağbaşı, Şehitkamil
Bağbaşı, historically and still informally called Cıbakir, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şehitkamil, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,498 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Qiziq tribe.

Şehitkamil
Şehitkamil is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,290 km2, and its population is 857,167 (2022). It covers the northern part of the agglomeration of Gaziantep and the adjacent countryside. It contains the old city, including Gaziantep Castle, as well as the University of Gaziantep.

On 20 August 2012, a bomb attack occurred, killing at least eight and wounding 64 people.

Şehitkamil was the epicenter of the Mw 7.8 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake, which heavily damaged the district, including its landmarks.
The Lion Has Wings
The Lion Has Wings is a 1939 British, black-and-white, documentary-style, propaganda war film that was directed by Adrian Brunel, Brian Desmond Hurst, Alexander Korda and Michael Powell. The film was produced by London Film Productions and Alexander Korda Film Productions and 'was preparing the nation [for war] and shining a light on the power of the RAF'.

The Lion Has Wings was made at the outbreak of World War II and was released to cinemas very quickly. It helped convince the British government of film's value for disseminating both propaganda and information.

Barrage balloon
A  barrage balloon is a type of airborne barrage, a large uncrewed tethered balloon used to defend ground targets against aircraft attack, by raising aloft steel cables which pose a severe risk of collision with hostile aircraft, making the attacker's approach difficult and hazardous. Early barrage balloons were often spherical. The kite balloon, having a shape and cable bridling that stabilizes the balloon and reduces drag, could be operated at higher wind speeds than a spherical balloon. Some examples carried small explosive charges that would be pulled up against the aircraft to ensure its destruction. Barrage balloons are not practical at higher altitudes due in large part to the cable's weight.
NGC 2857
NGC 2857 (also known as Arp 1 and PGC 26666) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major.  It was discovered on January 9, 1856, by R. J. Mitchell.

NGC 2857 is the first object in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, and one of six Arp objects in the 'Low Surface Brightness Galaxies' section. The other five low surface brightness galaxies are Arp 2 (UGC 10310), Arp 3, Arp 4, Arp 5 (NGC 3664), and Arp 6 (NGC 2537).

Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer.  He is remembered for his 1966 book Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, which catalogued unusual-looking galaxies and presented their images.

Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for advocating a non-standard cosmology incorporating intrinsic redshift. Arp developed those views in a book, Seeing Red: Redshift, Cosmology and Academic Science, in 1998.
Tanakpur
Tanakpur is a city and a municipal board, near Champawat town in Champawat district of Uttarakhand state of India. Located in the foothills of the Kumaon Himalayas in the northern part of India. The town is the gateway for Purnagiri Temple (around 24 km from here) as well as the  'Gateway to the Kumaon Himalayas'.

Tanakpur is located on the banks of Sarda River and adjacent to the Nepal border. It is the last plain area on the road to Kumaon zone of Uttarakhand and acts as a junction for the Kumaon District's mountainous part. It is also the first point in the Kailash Manasarovar Pilgrimage. Tanakpur is famous for the Devi Purnagiri temple which is situated approximately 24 km at the north of city. National Highway 9 which starts from Askot in Pithoragarh district and passes from Tanakpur to cities including Khatima, Rudrapur, Rampur, Moradabad, Garhmukteshwar, Hapur, Ghaziabad, Delhi, Bahadurgarh, Rohtak, Hisar, Sirsa, Fatehabad and the highway ends at the state of Punjab.

Khatima
Khatima is a city and a municipal board in Udham Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

Khatima is located at 28°55′N 79°58′E﻿ / ﻿28.92°N 79.97°E﻿ / 28.92; 79.97. It has an average elevation of 299 metres (980 feet).
Christine Young
Christine Young is an American investigative journalist and author of the book A Bitter Brew: Faith, Power and Poison in a Small New England Town, which documented the largest case of criminal arsenic poisoning in American history.

Young is currently completing a book to be published in 2026, centered around a 1987 murder case and alleged wrongful conviction in New York City. Young, who raised questions about the case even before the 1989 trial, claims the case highlights systemic issues in New York's criminal justice system, including allegations of racism, misogyny, and abuses of power. Young alleges the criminal justice system enabled injustices and contributed to broader systemic failings.

Abuse
Abuse is the act of improper usage or treatment of a person or thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other types of aggression. Some sources describe abuse as "socially constructed", which means there may be more or less recognition of the suffering of a victim at different times and societies.
Fevang
Fevang is a village in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The village is located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the north of the centre of the city of Sandefjord and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest of the village of Stokke. It is located along the European route E18 highway, just west of the Sandefjord Airport, Torp.

The village of Fevang is located between the village of Fokserød in the south and the village of Rørkoll in the north. Due to its proximity to the city of Sandefjord, Fevang is considered to be the northernmost part of the city's metropolitan area. The statistical area of Fevang, which also can include the peripheral parts of the village as well as the surrounding countryside, had a population of 324 in 2007.

European route E18
European route E18 runs between Craigavon in Northern Ireland and Saint Petersburg in Russia, passing through Scotland, England, Norway, Sweden and Finland. It is about 1,890 kilometres (1,170 miles) in length.

Although the designation implies the possibility of a through journey, this is no longer practical as there are no direct car ferry crossings between the United Kingdom and Norway.
Marta Mulkins
Commodore Marta Mulkins, OMM, CD is a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve officer. Mulkins began her career in the Naval Reserve through a Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP) at HMCS Donnacona. Originally joined as a Diesel Mechanic she later attended Junior Leadership Training at Canadian Forces Fleet School Esquimalt and was promoted to Naval Cadet in 1988.

Mulkins would later go on to serve many positions on various Canadian Ships. Eventually, she came into command of the Canadian minor warship HMCS Kingston in 2003, becoming the first woman to do so.

In 2015, Mulkins was appointed as Commander of the Naval Reserve.

Order of Military Merit (Canada)
The Order of Military Merit (French: Ordre du mérite militaire) is a military honour for merit that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the second highest order administered by the Governor in Council on behalf of the Canadian monarch.

Created in 1972 to replace a grouping within the Order of Canada, the order was established to recognize members of the Canadian Forces—either regular or reserve personnel—who have demonstrated dedication and devotion beyond the call of duty, achieving conspicuous merit and exceptional military service. The three tiers of the order are Commander, Officer, and Member; deserving non-Canadians may also receive honorary appointments to the order.
Methylscopolamine bromide
Methylscopolamine or methscopolamine, usually provided as the bromide or nitrate salt, is an oral medication used along with other medications to treat peptic ulcers by reducing stomach acid secretion.  Proton pump inhibitors and antihistamine medications have made this use obsolete. It can also be used for stomach or intestinal spasms, to reduce salivation, and to treat motion sickness.  Methscopolamine is also commonly used as a drying agent, to dry up post-nasal drip, in cold, irritable bowel syndrome and allergy medications

Methscopolamine, a methylated derivative of scopolamine, is a muscarinic antagonist structurally similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.  Its mechanism of action involves blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

It was patented in 1902 and approved for medical use in 1947. Methscopolamine is an FDA-approved analog to hyoscine butylbromide.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
The Lost Tree
The Lost Tree is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed and written by Brian A. Metcalf and starring Thomas Ian Nicholas, Lacey Chabert, Scott Grimes, Clare Kramer and Michael Madsen. The film follows Noah Ericson (Nicholas), a newly widowed office worker who moves to an isolated cabin and starts noticing strange occurrences, the source of which is a tree.

Supernatural horror film
Supernatural horror film is a film genre that combines aspects of supernatural film and horror film. Supernatural occurrences in such films often include ghosts and demons, and many supernatural horror films have elements of religion. Common themes in the genre are the afterlife, the devil, and demonic possession. Not all supernatural horror films focus on religion, and they can have "more vivid and gruesome violence".
Scopula apicipunctata
Scopula apicipunctata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1881. It is found in Siberia, the Kuriles and Japan.

The wingspan is 15–24 millimetres (0.59–0.94 in).

Hugo Theodor Christoph
Hugo Theodor Christoph (16 April 1831 – 5 November 1894) was a German and Russian entomologist.

Born in Herrnhut in Saxony, Hugo Theodor Christoph moved to Russia in 1858. He became a member of the Russian Entomological Society in 1861. From 1880, he was curator of the Lepidoptera collection of Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia.

His own collection was sold to Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, a member of the Royal Entomological Society, and it is now in the Natural History Museum in London.
Journal of Religion and Violence
The Journal of Religion and Violence is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of religion and violence. It publishes analyses of contemporary and historical religious groups involved in violent incidents, as well as studies on sacrifice, terrorism, inter- and intra-religious violence, mass suicide, war and religion, and religiously-legitimated violence against women. It also publishes reviews and special issues dedicated to relevant topics. The journal is included in JSTOR's Security Studies Collection.

It is indexed in the Atla Religion Database, ERIH PLUS and Index Theologicus, and has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. The Journal of Religion and Violence is a hybrid open-access journal with a SHERPA/RoMEO "green" self-archiving policy. It is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Hybrid open-access journal
A hybrid open-access journal is a subscription journal in which some of the articles are open access. This status typically requires the payment of a publication fee (also called an article processing charge or APC) to the publisher in order to publish an article open access, in addition to the continued payment of subscriptions to access all other content. Strictly speaking, the term "hybrid open-access journal" is incorrect, possibly misleading, as using the same logic such journals could also be called "hybrid subscription journals". Simply using the term "hybrid access journal" is accurate.

Publishers that offer a hybrid open access option often use different names for it. The SHERPA/RoMEO site provides a list of publishers and the names of their options. The Open Access Directory provides a list of funds that support open access journals, and provides information about which funds will pay fees of hybrid open access journals.
Svencelė oil field
The Svencelė oil field, also known as the Sakučiai-5 oil field, is an oil field in the Gargždai Oil Block, Klaipėda District Municipality. Svencelė oil field is located 900 m from Svencelė Swamp and peat fields and bordering Svencelė Meadows Nature Reserve in the west.

Svencelė oil field holds the official Lithuanian national record for the longest drilled oil pump, measuring 2,989 m in length.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Swaythling and Bassett Covenant of Churches
The Swaythling and Bassett Covenant of Churches is an ecumenical group made up of the following churches:

All Saints' Church, Bassett

Church of the Immaculate Conception

Swaythling Baptist Church

Swaythling Methodist Church, Burgess Road

St. Alban's, Burgess Road

St. Mary's, South Stoneham

St. Nicolas', North Stoneham

St. Michael and All Angels, Bassett Avenue

Bassett and Swaythling are districts of Southampton.

286, Southampton
286, formerly Swaythling Methodist Church, is a grade II listed gurdwara and former church building in Swaythling, Southampton.  The building was owned and managed by Southampton Methodist Circuit with City Life Church providing assistance with the day-to-day operations.  Until the building was sold in 2021, Swaythling Methodist Church continued to meet on the premises in the Nona Bell Centre as a community of St James Road Methodist Church in Shirley, having closed as an official Methodist Church in 2013.
BES-5
BES-5, also known as Bouk or Buk (Russian: бук, lit. 'beech'), was a Soviet thermoelectric generator that was used to power 31 satellites in the US-A (RORSAT) project. The heat source was a uranium 235 fast fission nuclear reactor (FNR).

Uranium-235
Uranium-235 (235U or U-235) is an isotope of uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium. Unlike the predominant isotope uranium-238, it is fissile, i.e., it can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. It is the only fissile isotope that exists in nature as a primordial nuclide.

Uranium-235 has a half-life of 704 million years.  It was discovered in 1935 by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster. Its fission cross section for slow thermal neutrons is about 584.3±1 barns. For fast neutrons it is on the order of 1 barn.
Most neutron absorptions induce fission, though a minority (about 15%) result in the formation of uranium-236.
Qendër Tepelenë
Qendër Tepelenë is a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Tepelenë. The population at the 2011 census was 3,179. The municipal unit consists of the villages Dukaj, Salari, Turan, Mamaj, Veliqot, Bënçë, Dragot, Beçisht, Mezhgoran, Peshtan, Hormovë, Lekël, Kodër and Luzat.

Lekël
Lekël (Albanian definite form: Lekli) is a community in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Tepelenë.

Lekël was one of the Albanian Christian villages in the possession of the House of Muçohysaj the ancestral house of Ali Pasha.

Warm-summer Mediterranean climate predominates in this area.

The Albanians of the village speak in the Tosk dialect of the Albanian language.
2022–23 CSA 4-Day Series
The 2022–23 CSA 4-Day Series was a first-class cricket competition took place in South Africa from October 2022 to March 2023. It was the second edition of the post-franchise era and retained the two-division league format introduced the previous year, with the teams in each division unchanged.

The Division 2 teams of Limpopo and Mpumalanga were re-awarded first-class status in October 2022, meaning that unlike the previous year all matches played in the competition would be considered first-class cricket.

Mpumalanga cricket team
Mpumalanga, also known as the Mpumalanga Rhinos, are a South African first-class cricket team representing the province of Mpumalanga. They have their headquarters in Witbank and play their home games at Uplands College in White River.
Kirkman Finlay Jr.
Kirkman "Kirk" Finlay Jr. (August 16, 1936 – June 27, 1993) was an American lawyer and politician who served on the Columbia, South Carolina city council from 1974 to 1978 and as that city's mayor from 1978 to 1986. He died of brain cancer in 1993 at the age of 56.

His son, Kirkman Finlay III, followed in his footsteps and was elected to Columbia city council before running successfully for a seat in the South Carolina House of Representatives.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.