hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Hean
Alexander Hean CMG (11 June 1859 – 11 January 1927) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

He was born in Lochee in Scotland. In 1903 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as the member for Sorell. When proportional representation was introduced in 1909 he was elected as one of the Anti-Socialist members for Franklin. Becoming a Liberal, he was re-elected in 1912 but lost his seat in 1913. In 1916 he returned to the House and the following year became a Nationalist. He held the seat until his retirement in 1925. Hean died in Sorell in 1927.

Free Trade Party
The Free Trade Party (FTP), officially known as the Free Trade and Liberal Association and also referred to as the Revenue Tariff Party in some states, was an Australian political party. It was formally organised in 1887 in New South Wales, in time for the 1887 New South Wales colonial election, which the party won.

The party advocated the abolition of protectionism, especially protective tariffs and other restrictions on trade, arguing that this would create greater prosperity for all. However, many members also advocated use of minimal tariffs for government revenue purposes only. Its most prominent leader was George Reid, who led the Reid government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia (1904–1905).

In New South Wales, it was succeeded by the Liberal and Reform Association in 1902, and federally by the Anti-Socialist Party in 1906. In 1909, the Anti-Socialist Party merged with the Protectionist Party to form the Liberal Party.
Symposium on Theory of Computing
The Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science. STOC has been organized annually since 1969, typically in May or June; the conference is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest group SIGACT. Acceptance rate of STOC, averaged from 1970 to 2012, is 31%, with the rate of 29% in 2012.

As Fich (1996) writes, STOC and its annual IEEE counterpart FOCS (the Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science) are considered the two top conferences in theoretical computer science, considered broadly: they “are forums for some of the best work throughout theory of computing that promote breadth among theory of computing researchers and help to keep the community together.” Johnson (1984) includes regular attendance at STOC and FOCS as one of several defining characteristics of theoretical computer scientists.

Prabhakar Raghavan
Prabhakar Raghavan is a computer scientist and the Chief Technologist at Google. His research spans algorithms, web search and databases. He is the co-author of the textbooks Randomized Algorithms with Rajeev Motwani and Introduction to Information Retrieval.
Lou Pardini
Lou Pardini (born June 5, 1952) is an American Grammy-nominated keyboardist, songwriter and vocalist who is now best known as a former member of the rock band Chicago. He is known for his work with notable musicians such as Stevie Wonder, Santana, Elton John, Peabo Bryson, Earth, Wind, & Fire and The Doobie Brothers, and he has written hit songs for Patti Austin, Kenny G, The Temptations, and more.

Patti Austin
Patti Austin (born August 10, 1950) is an American Grammy Award-winning R&B, pop, and jazz singer and songwriter. Austin has collaborated with the likes of James Ingram, Steely Dan and Quincy Jones. She received an honorary doctorate from the Berklee College of Music. Austin has also won one Grammy out of seven nominations.
P̃
P̃ (majuscule: P̃, minuscule: p̃) is a Latin P with a diacritical tilde. It is or was used as a grapheme in some languages of Vanuatu, such as North Efate, South Efate and Namakura, to represent a sound [k͡p], like the ⟨c⟩ in "cat" and ⟨p⟩ in "pay", pronounced simultaneously. It is also used in the Yanesha' language.

The letter was introduced by missionaries and has been in use for over a hundred years.

In Bislama, the lingua franca of Vanuatu, p with tilde is called snekpi "snake-P".

In Old English, it was used as a contraction of the penny, as in ⋅cxx⋅ p̃. ("120 pence").

Languages of Vanuatu
The Republic of Vanuatu has the world's highest linguistic density per capita. Despite being a country with a population of less than 300,000, Vanuatu is home to 138 indigenous Oceanic languages.

The country's three official languages are of foreign origin: English, French, and Bislama, an English-based creole language.

Additional languages are also spoken as a result of recent migrations (e.g. Samoan, Hakka Chinese, Mandarin Chinese).
Infrared fixed point
In physics, an infrared fixed point is a set of coupling constants, or other parameters, that evolve from arbitrary initial values at very high energies (short distance) to fixed, stable values, usually predictable, at low energies (large distance). This usually involves the use of the renormalization group, which specifically details the way parameters in a physical system (a quantum field theory) depend on the energy scale being probed.

Conversely, if the length-scale decreases and the physical parameters approach fixed values, then we have ultraviolet fixed points.  The fixed points are generally independent of the initial values of the parameters over a large range of the initial values. This is known as universality.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Treaty of Plussa
The Treaty or Truce of Plussa, Pljussa, Plyussa or Narva and Plusa (Russian: Плюсское перемирие, Swedish: Stilleståndsfördrag vid Narva å och Plusa) was a truce between Russia and Sweden, which ended the Livonian War (1558-1583). The truce was signed on 10 August 1583 at the Plyussa River north of the city of Pskov. The truce was set to expire in 1586, but was extended in 1585–1586.

According to the truce, Sweden kept the annexed Russian towns of Ivangorod (Ivanslott), Jamburg, Koporye (Kaprio) and Korela (Kexholm/Käkisalmi) with their uyezds, holding control over Ingria. Russia kept a narrow passage to the Baltic Sea at the estuary of the Neva River, between Strelka and Sestra Rivers.

Upon the expiration of the truce in 1590, Russia resumed the war against Sweden. In 1593, Russia and Sweden resumed peace negotiations, which would last for two years. Finally, the two countries signed the 1595 Treaty of Teusina (Tyavzino).

The aftermath was Sweden annexing northern Livonia.

Uezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; Russian: уе́зд (pre-1918: уѣздъ), IPA: [ʊˈjest]), or povit in a Ukrainian context (Ukrainian: повіт), was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian SFSR, and the early Soviet Union, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian history, uezds were a second-level administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology, uezd approximately corresponds to the English "county".
Henry Panion
Henry Panion, III is an American composer, arranger, conductor, educator, and Professor in the Department of Music at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Panion has produced, arranged  and conducted for a number of noted artists, such as Stevie Wonder, The Winans, Chet Atkins, Ellis Marsalis, Jr. with the SuperJazz Big Band, Eugenia Zukerman, Aretha Franklin, The Blind Boys of Alabama, Chaka Khan, the Lionel Hampton Orchestra, and American Idol winners Carrie Underwood and Ruben Studdard.

Panion founded the UAB Recording Studio, where award-winning recordings by such groups as the UAB Gospel Choir and the UAB Jazz Ensemble have been produced.

Panion received the Civic and Cultural Advancement Award from the Congressional Black Caucus Sept. 25, 2009 at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center in Washington, D.C.source

Eugenia Zukerman
Eugenia Rich Zukerman (born September 25, 1944, Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American flutist, writer, and journalist. An internationally renowned flute virtuoso, Zukerman has been performing with major orchestras and at major music festivals internationally for more than three decades. Since 1980 she has been the Classical Music Correspondent for CBS News Sunday Morning where she has profiled hundreds of artists. She was the Artistic Director of the lauded Bravo! Vail Valley Music Festival from 2003 to 2010.
Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo
Giovanni Kminek-Szedlo, née Jan Kmínek-Szedlo (April 22, 1828 – November 24, 1896) was a Czech–Italian Egyptologist.
He is usually remembered as the first Egyptologist from what nowadays is the Czech Republic but since he spent most of his life and fulfilled his whole career in Italy, he is usually not seen as the founder of Czech Egyptology, a figure rather identified in the later František Lexa.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Kettlewell (surname)
Kettlewell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernard Kettlewell (1907–1979), British physician and geneticist

Danielle Kettlewell (born 1992), Australian synchronised swimmer

John Kettlewell (1653–1695), English clergyman

Henry Kettlewell (1876–1963), British cricketer

Professor Kettlewell, a villain in the Doctor Who television serial Robot

Richard Wildman Kettlewell (1910-1994), official in Nyasaland

Roger Kettlewell (born 1945), Canadian football player

Ruth Kettlewell (1913–2007), British actress

Stuart Kettlewell (b. 1984), Scottish footballer

Henry Kettlewell
Henry Wildman Kettlewell (20 July 1876 – 28 April 1963) was a British Army officer and an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler who played for Somerset. He was born and died in East Harptree.
Sterling Municipal Airport
Sterling Municipal Airport (IATA: STK, ICAO: KSTK, FAA LID: STK), also known as Crosson Field, is a public use airport located 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km) west of Sterling, a city in Logan County, Colorado, United States. It is owned by the City of Sterling.

Logan County, Colorado
Logan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,528. The county seat is Sterling. The county was named for General John A. Logan. Logan County comprises the Sterling, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Charlie Porter (trumpeter)
Charles William Porter (born May 10, 1978) known professionally as Charlie Porter is an American trumpeter, composer and music educator based in Portland, Oregon. Porter has been awarded a Grammy Award at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards for his collaboration on the album Songplay, in 2020. He has recorded many albums as a side musician, and has released two albums as a leader.

Steve Porter (producer)
Steve Porter (born c. 1978) is an American music video producer, remixer and DJ originally from Amherst, Massachusetts. He is best known for his pop-culture mashup remixes and studio work as a progressive house producer.

Porter began producing music while attending Williston Northampton School, and was discovered by Chris Fortier in 1999, when he was signed to Fortier's Fade Records. Since that time, he has toured as a DJ and has released remixes and original music. In 2009, Porter placed second in the DJ Times "America's Best DJ" poll. In the same year, Porter founded Porterhouse Media, an audio/visual marketing company that creates viral videos. Porter has won several awards for his videos, including two Webby Awards and one Daytime Emmy Award nomination.
Titley, Herefordshire
Titley is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England.  It lies on the B4355 between Kington and Presteigne.

In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 167, increasing to 261 at the 2011 Census.

The name, recorded in the Domesday Book as Titelege, is Old English and apparently means "woodland clearing of a man called Titta".

Presteigne
Presteigne (/prɛsˈtiːn/; Welsh: Llanandras: the church of St. Andrew) is a town and community on the south bank of the River Lugg in Powys, Wales. The town is located on the England–Wales border, which surrounds it to the north, east and south. Nearby towns are Kington, Herefordshire to the south and Knighton to the north, and surrounding villages include Norton (within the community) and Stapleton. The community has a population of 2,710; the built-up area had a population of 2,056.

Presteigne was formerly the county town of the historic county of Radnorshire. Despite being in Wales, it is part of the diocese of Hereford in the Church of England.
Torvaldo e Dorliska
Torvaldo e Dorliska is an operatic dramma semiserio in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Cesare Sterbini, based on the novel/memoir Les Amours du chevalier de Faublas (1787–1790) by the revolutionary Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai, whose work was the source of the Lodoïska libretto set by Luigi Cherubini (1791), and Lodoiska set by Stephen Storace (1794), and Simon Mayr (1796).

Torvaldo e Dorliska is a rescue opera with an eventual happy ending. The inclusion of buffo roles is the reason for its designation as a 'semiserio' work, similar to Rossini's La gazza ladra.

Simon Mayr
Johann(es) Simon Mayr (also spelled Majer, Mayer, Maier), also known in Italian as Giovanni Simone Mayr or Simone Mayr (14 June 1763 – 2 December 1845), was a German composer. His music reflects the transition from the Classical to the Romantic musical era. In 1805 he founded the Bergamo Conservatory. He was an early inspiration to Rossini and Meyerbeer and taught and advocated for Donizetti.
Svappavaara
Svappavaara (Meänkieli: Vaskivuori; Northern Sami: Veaikkevárri) is a locality situated in Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 392 inhabitants in 2023. (1) It is a mining village. Mining was started around 1650. Large scale iron mining started in 1965. The mine was closed in 1983, but enrichment of iron ore from the mine at Kiruna is still going on. The mine is owned by LKAB, and was reopened in 2023, for mineral research purposes.

The designers of Fermont, Quebec in northern Canada were inspired by Svappavaara and similar Swedish towns with regard to the windbreak building. In 2010, a portion of Ralph Erskine's windbreak building, Ormen Långe was demolished.

The iron-apatite ore of the Svappavaara mine is hosted in igneous rocks known as the Kiruna Porphyry.

Igneous rock
Igneous rock (igneous from Latin  igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in a terrestrial planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust.
2019 Tiburon Challenger – Doubles
Hans Hach Verdugo and Luke Saville were the defending champions but only Hach Verdugo chose to defend his title, partnering Dennis Novikov. Hach Verdugo lost in the first round to Alex Lawson and Jackson Withrow.

Robert Galloway and Roberto Maytín won the title after defeating JC Aragone and Darian King 6–2, 7–5 in the final.

Jackson Withrow
Jackson Withrow (born July 7, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. Withrow has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 16 achieved on 19 February 2024. Withrow has won 10 ATP doubles titles.
Gandsfjord
Gandsfjorden or Gandafjorden is a fjord in Rogaland county, Norway. The 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) long Gandsfjorden is an arm off of the large Boknafjorden. It runs between the mainland and the Stavanger Peninsula in the western parts of the municipalities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The entire west and south side of the Gandsfjorden is highly developed and urban as this is the location of the cities of Stavanger and Sandnes, the third largest urban area in Norway. The east side of the fjord is far less developed and it has many mountains and peaks. In the outer parts of the fjord there are several islands including Uskjo, Hundvåg, Vassøy, and the Øyane islands of Stavanger.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Doreen Massey (geographer)
Doreen Barbara Massey FRSA FBA FAcSS (3 January 1944 – 11 March 2016) was a British social scientist and geographer. She specialized in Marxist geography, feminist geography, and cultural geography, as well as other topics. She was Professor of Geography at the Open University.

Marxist geography
Marxist geography is a strand of critical geography that uses the theories and philosophy of Marxism to examine the spatial relations of human geography. In Marxist geography, the relations that geography has traditionally analyzed — natural environment and spatial relations — are reviewed as outcomes of the mode of material production. To fully understand geographical relations, on this view, the social structure must also be examined. Marxist geography attempts to change the basic structure of society.
Ste. Anne (film)
Ste. Anne is a Canadian experimental drama film, directed by Rhayne Vermette and released in 2021. The film stars Vermette as Renée, a Métis woman returning to her hometown in Manitoba for the first time in four years to reconnect with her family.

The film's cast also includes Jack Theis, Valerie Marion, Andrina Turenne and Isabelle d’Eschambault.

The film premiered in May 2021 at the Jeonju International Film Festival, It was subsequently screened at the 71st Berlin International Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film won the Amplify Voices award for Best Canadian Film at TIFF, and was a nominee for the DGC Discovery Award at the 2021 Directors Guild of Canada awards. It was subsequently named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2021.

Directors Guild of Canada
The Directors Guild of Canada (DGC; French: Guilde canadienne des réalisateurs) is a Canadian labour union representing more than 5,500 professionals from 48 different occupations in the Canadian film and television industry. Founded in 1962, the DGC represents directors, editors, assistant directors, location managers, production assistants and others.

The DGC has district councils in the following provinces; British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador and the Atlantic District Council (representing New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island). However, in Quebec certain positions are represented by other unions such as IATSE 514 and the Quebec union "AQTIS". Each district council has written its own specific Standard Agreement to represent its members.

The National Office for the Directors Guild of Canada is located on Heward Street, Toronto, Ontario.
Group of Bears
Group of Bears is a sculpture by Paul Manship.

The 1932 bronze sculpture in the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection was cast in 1933 and measures 88 x 72 x 56 inches. The bronze sculpture at Pat Hoffman Friedman Playground, in Central Park, at Fifth Avenue and 79th Street, was cast in 1960 and unveiled on October 11, 1990. Other versions of the piece are featured on part of the William Church Osborn Gates (1952) at Central Park and the Paul J. Rainey Memorial Gates (1933) at the Bronx Zoo.  Another cast of the work from 2008 can be found in Compton Gardens, in Bentonville, Arkansas. There is another cast of the work in Jerusalem Biblical Zoo.

Group of Bears sculpture in Jerusalem Biblical Zoo

Sculpted bears on the Rainey Memorial Gate at the Bronx Zoo in Bronx, New York - Paul Manship 1933

Bentonville, Arkansas
Bentonville, Arkansas is a city in and the county seat of Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The city is centrally located in the county with Rogers adjacent to the east. The city proper had a population of 54,164 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is one of the four main cities in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

The city is the birthplace and headquarters of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. Bentonville is one of the fastest-growing cities in the state.
Royal Montgomeryshire Militia
The Montgomeryshire Militia, later the Royal Montgomeryshire Rifles, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised in the Welsh county of Montgomeryshire during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Great Britain and Ireland during Britain's major wars. It later became part of the South Wales Borderers until it was disbanded in 1908.

Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn 'the shire of Baldwin's town', or simply Maldwyn) was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974, later becoming a district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It was named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.

The area of what was Montgomeryshire, now constitutes the northern part of the county of Powys. The current area was 2,174 square km (839 square miles).

The largest town was Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Shahidha Bari
Shahidha Bari (born 1980) is a British academic, critic and broadcaster in the fields of literature, philosophy and art. She is a professor at the University of the Arts London based at London College of Fashion. She was a host of the topical arts television programme Inside Culture on BBC Two, standing in for Mary Beard. She is currently one of the presenters of the BBC Radio 4 arts and ideas programme Free Thinking (previously titled Night Waves), and an occasional presenter of BBC Radio 4's Start the Week and Front Row.

University of the Arts London
The University of the Arts London (UAL) is a public collegiate university in London, England, United Kingdom. It specialises in arts, design, fashion, and the performing arts. The university is a federation of six arts colleges: Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins, Chelsea College of Arts, the London College of Communication, the London College of Fashion and the Wimbledon College of Arts.: 263

The University of the Arts London was established as The London Institute in 1986, became a university in 2003, and took its present name in 2004. The university hosts one of the largest international student bodies out of all universities in the United Kingdom.