hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Eriksson (neuroscientist)
Peter Eriksson (June 5, 1959 – August 2, 2007) was a Swedish stem cell neuroscientist.

Eriksson was a frequently cited scientist who conducted ground-breaking research on  neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult human brain. In 1998 he demonstrated the creation of nerve cells in the adult human hippocampus. He showed that new brain cells are created throughout the whole human lifespan, and that the integration of the new brain cells in the brain depended on the stimuli that the environment offered, thus providing an insight that could enhance the treatment of neurologically damaged patients.

He also elucidated the mechanism for neurogenesis, which could potentially lead to a cure for a range of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.

Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs).  This occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans. Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitors (BPs), intermediate neuronal precursors (INPs), subventricular zone astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes, among others.

Neurogenesis is most active during embryonic development and is responsible for producing all the various types of neurons of the organism, but it continues throughout adult life in a variety of organisms. Once born, neurons do not divide (see mitosis), and many will live the lifespan of the animal, except under extraordinary and usually pathogenic circumstances.
Mao Jiangsen
Mao Jiangsen (Chinese: 毛江森; pinyin: Máo Jiāngsēn; 15 January 1934 – 18 May 2023) was a Chinese virologist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He was a representative of the 14th and 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Beijing between September 12 and 18, 1997. It was preceded by the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was followed by the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. 2,048 delegates and 60 specially invited delegates represented the party's estimated 59 million members.

The congress elected a 344-member 15th CCP Central Committee, as well as a 115-member Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). This change in membership made the new average age of the CCP 55 and percentage of members holding university or college level education 92.4%. Jiang Zemin was reappointed CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
Larry McMahon
Lawrence McMahon (18 January 1929 – 16 February 2006) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served both as a Teachta Dála (TD) and senator.

McMahon was elected to Dáil Éireann at a by-election in 1970 in the Dublin County South constituency, following the resignation of Fianna Fáil TD Kevin Boland. He held the seat at the 1973 general election. At the 1977 general election, he was returned for Dublin County Mid, and after a further revision of constituency boundaries, he was elected as TD for Dublin South-West at the general elections in 1981 and February 1982. He lost his seat at the November 1982 general election.

From 1983 to 1992, he served as a member of Seanad Éireann, elected on the Labour Panel.

Dublin South-West
Dublin South-West is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects five deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Gemini!
Gemini! (stylized as GEMINI!) is the third studio album by Chicago-based rapper Lucki, released under Empire, on June 14, 2024. It features contributions by Lil Yachty, Rylo Rodriguez, Veeze, Future, and 42 Dugg, on a 20-song tracklist.

42 Dugg
Dion Marquise Hayes (born November 25, 1994), known professionally as 42 Dugg, is an American rapper and singer. In 2019, he signed with Yo Gotti and Lil Baby's respective labels, Collective Music Group (CMG) and Glass Window Entertainment (previously known as 4PF), through a joint venture with Interscope Records. He is best known for his collaborations with the latter, with whom he co-performed the 2020 songs "We Paid" and "Grace" — the former peaked within the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 and received quintuple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His second mixtape, Young & Turnt 2 (2020), was met with critical acclaim and marked his debut on the Billboard 200. His 2021 singles, "4 Da Gang" (with Roddy Ricch) and "Maybach" (featuring Future), both received gold certifications and preceded his fourth mixtape Free Dem Boyz (2021), which peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200.
Guillermo Casanova
Guillermo Casanova (21 May 1918 – 16 July 1981) was a Chilean footballer. He played in five matches for the Chile national football team in 1942. He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1942 South American Championship.

1942 South American Championship
The seventeenth edition of the South American Championship, an association football competition, was held in Montevideo, Uruguay, from 10 January to 7 February.

For the first time seven teams took part of the event; the participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.

Bolivia, and Colombia withdrew from the tournament.

The tournament featured a match between Argentina and Ecuador in which Argentina's José Manuel Moreno surpassed the 500-goal mark for goals in Copa América history, scoring 5 in a 12–0 drubbing of Ecuador. As of 2015, the 12-goal difference of that match remains the widest ever in Copa Américas. José Manuel Moreno and Herminio Masantonio of Argentina were joint top scorers of the tournament, with 7 goals each.
Murgunstrumm and Others
Murgunstrumm and Others is a collection of horror short stories by author Hugh B. Cave.  It was released in 1977 by Carcosa in an edition of 2,578 copies of which the 597 copies, that were pre-ordered, were signed by the author and artist.  Many of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Strange Tales of Mystery and Terror,  Weird Tales, Spicy Mystery Stories, Ghost Stories, Thrilling Mysteries, Black Book Detective Magazine, Argosy, Adventure, Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine and Whispers.  It has since been reissued by Wildside Press in trade paperback and hardcover.

Adventure (magazine)
Adventure was an American pulp magazine that was first published in November 1910 by the Ridgway company, a subsidiary of the Butterick Publishing Company. Adventure went on to become one of the most profitable and critically acclaimed of all the American pulp magazines.  The magazine had 881 issues. Its first editor was Trumbull White. He was succeeded in 1912 by Arthur Sullivant Hoffman (1876–1966), who edited the magazine until 1927.
VR Class Dr16
The Dr16 is a class of diesel-electric locomotives built for VR Group. The 23 locomotives have a single, off-centre cab. Their nickname is "Iso Vaalee" (Big Blonde). They are presently mainly used on heavy freight services in northern Finland; their main passenger duty is the haulage of trains on the non-electrified line between Kemi and Kolari in Lapland. Dr16 locomotives were also used extensively on the line between Oulu and Rovaniemi, prior to the completion of the electrification of the line in 2004.

VR plans to retire its Dr16 locomotives by the end of 2025.

Kemi railway station
Kemi railway station (Finnish: Kemin rautatieasema) is located in the town of Kemi in the Lapland Region of Finland. It is operated by VR. The distance to the Helsinki Central railway station, via Haapamäki and Oulu stations is 858.3 kilometres.

The station lies between the Kemi centre and Finnish national road 4, near the town centre services. All passenger trains stop at the station, and the station has a ticket office, a waiting room and a Junamaatti ticket vending machine. Kemi also has a lot of cargo traffic.

Kemi no longer has train traffic operators, instead the traffic is controlled remotely from Oulu. Track switching in cargo traffic requires a lot of trackyard personnel.
Sheryl Bayley
Sheryl Bayley is a Barbadian former cricketer who played as a right-arm off-break bowler. She appeared in eleven Test matches and one One-Day International for the West Indies between 1976 and 1979. She played domestic cricket for Barbados.

In 1977, in a two-day match for Barbados against Guyana, Bailey took nine wickets for nine runs to help bowl the opposition out for 46.

In November 1976, her second innings performance of 2 wickets for 2 runs in seven overs, helped the West Indies beat the Indians at home by an ininngs and 24 runs in the 6th Test.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.
Migliaro
Migliaro is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Fiscaglia in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara.  It was a separate comune until 2014.

Province of Ferrara
The province of Ferrara (Italian: provincia di Ferrara; Emilian: pruvîncia ad Fràra) is a province in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Its capital is the city of Ferrara. As of May 2023, it has a population of 338,143 inhabitants over an area of 2,635.12 square kilometres (1,017.43 sq mi). The province contains 23 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the list of comuni of the province of Ferrara. Its provincial president is Gianni Michele Padovani.
Bank of Washington, West End Branch
Bank of Washington, West End Branch is a historic bank building located at Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1854, and is a two-story, stuccoed brick temple-form building in the Greek Revival style. The front facade features a tetrastyle Ionic order portico.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Beaufort County, North Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,652. Its county seat is Washington. The county was founded in 1705 as Pamptecough Precinct. Originally included in Bath County, it was renamed Beaufort Precinct in 1712 and became Beaufort County in 1739.

Beaufort County comprises the Washington, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Washington, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Roermond (Chamber of Representatives constituency)
Roermond was a constituency used to elect members of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives between the first Belgian parliamentary election in 1831, and the transfer of Roermond to the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839, under the stipulations of the Treaty of London.

Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
The Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers; French: Chambre des représentants; German: Abgeordnetenkammer) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Senate. It is considered to be the "lower house" of the Federal Parliament.
2010 Sobeys Slam
The 2010 Sobeys Slam was the third women's Grand Slam event of the 2010–11 curling season. It took place from November 11 to 14 at the John Brother MacDonald Stadium in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia.

It was the third ever Sobeys Slam event, and the first held since the event was put on hiatus during the 2009–10 season. The total prize pool of the event is CAD $60,000, and the winner of the event, Jennifer Jones, received CAD $12,000.

Grand Slam of Curling
The Grand Slam of Curling (formerly branded as the Pinty's Grand Slam of Curling for sponsorship reasons) is a series of curling bonspiels that were formerly part of the annual World Curling Tour. Grand Slam events offer a purse of at least CAD$100,000, and feature the best teams from across Canada and around the World. The Grand Slam was instituted during the 2001–02 season for men and 2006–07 for women (with the 2006 Players' Championship also considered a Slam), but some of the Grand Slam events have longer histories as bonspiels.

The Grand Slam season consists of five men's and women's events. The original four events (Masters, Open, National, and Players' Championship) are considered to be "majors". The other slam (Tour Challenge) has a unique format that sets it apart from other events in the series.
Loud and Clear (The O.C. Supertones album)
Loud and Clear is the fourth studio album released by The O.C. Supertones and features Toby Mac on the song "What It Comes To". This is also the band's first album to include guitarist Ethan Luck. Although Luck was not pictured, he is listed under "additional musicians" in the credits; he did not officially join the band until after the album was finished. Drummer Jason Carson left the band after the release of the album to take a position in youth ministry. However, he returned with the band in 2010 after their hiatus.

Musically the album integrates scratching and hip-hop vocal delivery with their brand of ska. The songwriting was handled primarily by Morginsky and Terusa, and was considered more advanced than on previous albums. Themes range from apologetics to doubting God, but still contain elements of praise and worship and pop culture.

Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (Ancient Greek: ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.

Christian apologetics have taken many forms over the centuries, starting with Paul the Apostle in the early church and Patristic writers such as Origen, Augustine of Hippo, Justin Martyr and Tertullian, then continuing with writers such as Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Anselm of Canterbury during Scholasticism.

Blaise Pascal was an active Christian apologist during the 17th century. In the modern period, Christianity was defended through the efforts of many authors such as John Henry Newman, G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis, as well as G. E. M. Anscombe.
Governor of Rostov Oblast
The Governor of Rostov Oblast (Russian: Губернатор Ростовской области) is the head of government of Rostov Oblast, a federal subject of Russia.

The position was introduced in 1991 as Head of Administration of Rostov Oblast. The Governor is elected by direct popular vote for a term of five years.

Head of administration
Head of administration (Russian: Глава администрации, Glava administratsii) is one of the official titles for appointed or elected head of a local government in Russian Federation. In many federal districts, regions, and cities, the position as head of administration is the equivalent to that of the mayor, governor, or the head of local government.
Shaughnessy: The Iron Marshal
Shaughnessy: The Iron Marshal (aka Louis L'Amour's Shaughnessy) is a 1996 American Western television film aired on CBS. It is based on the 1979 Louis L'Amour novel, Shaughnessy. The movie starred Matthew Settle as title character Tommy Shaughnessy, also starring Bo Hopkins, Stuart Whitman, Linda Kozlowski, and Michael Jai White, and was directed by Michael Rhodes. The screenplay was written by William Blinn, who "served the same double duty" on Shaughnessy that he previously did for Disney's Davy Crockett miniseries in the 1980s.

The plot of the movie, following that of the novel, involves "a tough Irish New Yorker who goes west to a troubled Kansas town, where he becomes the new marshal." Shaughnessy: The Iron Marshal was developed as a prospective TV series for CBS, but went no further than the TV movie. The movie was filmed in part at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento, and on the Sierra Railroad in Tuolumne County, California.

It was released on DVD in 2006.

California State Railroad Museum
The California State Railroad Museum is a museum in the California State Parks system that interprets the role of railroads in the Western U.S. It is located in Old Sacramento State Historic Park at 111 I Street, Sacramento, California.
1971 Country Music Association Awards
The 1971 Country Music Association Awards, 5th Ceremony, was held on October 10, 1971, at the Ryman Auditorium, Nashville, Tennessee, and was hosted by Tennessee Ernie Ford. This was the last CMA ceremony to be broadcast by NBC.

Ryman Auditorium
Ryman Auditorium (originally Union Gospel Tabernacle and renamed Grand Ole Opry House for a period) is a historic 2,362-seat live-performance venue and museum located at 116 Rep. John Lewis Way North, in the downtown core of Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It is best known as the home of the Grand Ole Opry from 1943 to 1974. It is owned and operated by Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc. Ryman Auditorium was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and was later designated as a National Historic Landmark on June 25, 2001, for its pivotal role in the popularization of country music. A storied stage for Rock & Roll artists for decades, the Ryman was named a Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Landmark in 2022.
1979–80 Duleep Trophy
The 1979–80 Duleep Trophy was the 19th season of the Duleep Trophy, a first-class cricket tournament contested by five zonal teams of India: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone and West Zone.

North Zone won the title, defeating West Zone in the final.

South Zone cricket team
The South Zone cricket team is a first-class cricket team that represents southern India in the Duleep Trophy and Deodhar Trophy. It is a composite team of players from seven first-class Indian teams from southern India competing in the Ranji Trophy: Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. South Zone has the third strongest track record of all the zones in the Duleep Trophy, as they have won the Trophy 12 times and also shared the winner's trophy twice, with the best team, West Zone having won 18 times plus shared the trophy two times more.
McCormick Tribune Campus Center
The McCormick Tribune Campus Center (MTCC) is a building on the main campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology, in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side of Chicago.  The McCormick Tribune Campus Center opened September 30, 2003. A single-story 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m2) building, it was the first building designed by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas within the United States.

Helmut Jahn
Helmut Jahn (January 4, 1940 – May 8, 2021) was a German and American architect, known for projects such as the Sony Center on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany; the Messeturm in Frankfurt, Germany; the James R. Thompson Center in Chicago; One Liberty Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Suvarnabhumi Airport, in Bangkok, Thailand, among others.

His recent projects included 50 West Street, a residential tower in New York City in 2016; and the ThyssenKrupp Test Tower in Rottweil, Germany, in 2017. He was also behind 1000M in Chicago which began construction in 2019.
Gobiops
Gobiops is an extinct genus of temnospondyl from the Jurassic of Mongolia, China, and possibly Kyrgyzstan. The genus is represented by a single species, Gobiops desertus. It was named in 1991 from the Late Jurassic Shar Teeg Beds of Mongolia. Additional material was described in 2005 from the Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the Junggar Basin of China. Gobiops belongs to the family Brachyopidae. The poorly known genus Ferganobatrachus, named in 1990 from Shar Teeg, is probably synonymous with Gobiops.

Paleontology portal

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Boekelheide reaction
The Boekelheide reaction is a rearrangement of α-picoline-N-oxides to hydroxymethylpyridines. It is named after Virgil Boekelheide who first reported it in 1954. Originally the reaction was carried out using acetic anhydride, which typically required a period at reflux (~140 °C). The reaction can be performed using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), which often allows for a room temperature reaction.

Amine oxide
In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine N-oxide or simply N-oxide, is a chemical compound that has the chemical formula R3N+−O−. It contains a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-groups attached to nitrogen. Sometimes it is written as R3N→O or, alternatively, as R3N=O.

In the strict sense, the term amine oxide applies only to oxides of tertiary amines. Sometimes it is also used for the analogous derivatives of primary and secondary amines.

Commonly, amine oxides are white, water-soluble solids:

trimethylamine-N-oxide,  (m.p. 220 °C),  an osmolyte found in molluscs

pyridine-N-oxide,  (m.p. 62–67 °C)

N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, (m.p. 184–187 °C), a nucleophilic oxidant
Jonah's Gourd Vine
Jonah's Gourd Vine is Zora Neale Hurston's 1934 debut novel. The novel is a semi-autobiographical novel following John Buddy Pearson and his wife, Lucy. The characters share the same first names as Hurston's parents and make a similar migration from Notasulga, Alabama to Hurston's childhood home, Eatonville, Florida.

Hurston wrote the novel after publisher Bertram Lippencott read "The Gilded Six-Bits" and demonstrated interest. After its publication by J. B. Lippencott & Co, the novel received generally favorable reviews. The novel's title derives from Jonah 4.6–10, using the gourd vine from the passage as a metaphor for the main character of the novel, a philandering preacher.

The novel displays the experiences of Black life in the post-Reconstruction era. Hurston explores themes including marital dysfunction, generational trauma, and testimony.

Gourd
Gourds include the fruits of some flowering plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, particularly Cucurbita and Lagenaria. The term refers to a number of species and subspecies, many with hard shells, and some without. Many gourds have large, bulbous bodies and long necks, such as Dipper Gourds, many variations of Bottle Gourd and caveman club gourds. One of the earliest domesticated types of plants, subspecies of the bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, have been discovered in archaeological sites dating from as early as 13,000 BC. Gourds have had numerous uses throughout history, including as tools, musical instruments, objects of art, film, and food.