hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of music in Paris
The city of Paris has been an important center for European music since the Middle Ages. It was noted for its choral music in the 12th century, for its role in the development of ballet during the Renaissance, in the 19th century it became famous for its music halls and cabarets, and in the 20th century for the first performances of the Ballets Russes, its jazz clubs, and its part in the development of serial music. Paris has been home to many important composers, including: Léonin, Pérotin, Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Niccolò Piccinni, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Jacques Offenbach, Georges Bizet, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Hector Berlioz, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, César Franck, Charles Gounod, Jules Massenet, Vincent d'Indy, Camille Saint-Saëns, Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, Sidney Bechet.

Vincent d'Indy
Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy (French: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ dɛ̃di]; 27 March 1851 – 2 December 1931) was a French composer and teacher. His influence as a teacher, in particular, was considerable. He was a co-founder of the Schola Cantorum de Paris and also taught at the Paris Conservatoire. His students included Albéric Magnard, Albert Roussel, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Yvonne Rokseth, and Erik Satie, as well as Cole Porter.

D'Indy studied under composer César Franck, and was strongly influenced by Franck's admiration for German music. At a time when nationalist feelings were high in both countries (circa the Franco-Prussian War of 1871), this brought Franck into conflict with other musicians who wished to separate French music from German influence.
Combined operation
In current military use, combined operation is a operation conducted by forces of two or more allied nations acting together for the accomplishment of a common strategy, a strategic and operational and sometimes tactical cooperation. Interaction between units and formations of the land, naval and air forces, or the cooperation between military and civilian authorities in peacekeeping or disaster relief operations is known as joint operations or interoperability capability.

Military tactics
Military tactics encompasses the art of organizing and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield. They involve the application of four battlefield functions which are closely related – kinetic or firepower, mobility, protection or security, and shock action. Tactics are a separate function from command and control and logistics. In contemporary military science, tactics are the lowest of three levels of warfighting, the higher levels being the strategic and operational levels. Throughout history, there has been a shifting balance between the four tactical functions, generally based on the application of military technology, which has led to one or more of the tactical functions being dominant for a period of time, usually accompanied by the dominance of an associated fighting arm deployed on the battlefield, such as infantry, artillery, cavalry or tanks.
Temmes
Temmes is a former municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia in central western Finland. In 2000, the area had a population of 700. It is the birthplace of the renowned Finnish folklorist and poet Martti Haavio. Since 2001, most parts of the area have been part of the municipality of Tyrnävä. Separate enclaves were merged to Liminka, Lumijoki and Rantsila. Villages in the area include Haapakylä, Haurukylä, Kärsämä, Temmes and Ylipää.

Lumijoki
Lumijoki (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈlumiˌjoki]; lit. 'snow river') is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 2,016
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 290.29 square kilometres (112.08 sq mi) of
which 77.1 km2 (29.8 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
9.42 inhabitants per square kilometre (24.4/sq mi).

Neighbouring municipalities are Hailuoto, Liminka, Oulu and Siikajoki. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

In the 1980s, the traditional local dishes of Lumijoki were meat soup called lahtivelli, and buttermilk gruel seasoned with rice called huttuvelli.
Taw yağı
The Taw yağı (pronounced [tʌʊ jʌˈɣɯ] in Tatar) or Viryal (Tatar: Тау ягы, romanized: Taw yağı; Chuvash: Вирьял; Russian: Го́рная сторона́, literally Hill Bank Land) was a historical region of Tatarstan, Khanate of Kazan, Volga Bulgaria, the name is known since the 1550s. This land was situated at the Hill, i.e. right bank of the Volga. Since 1547, this region was disintegrated from the khanate. The Feudal lords of the Hill Bank Land eventually joined Russia following 1556. Sviyazhsk was established as the center of the Hill Bank Land. Later, this part of the former khanate was incorporated to Sviyazhsk Uyezd. The region had multiethnic population (Russian: горные люди) and included Tatars, Chuvashes, Hill Mari and Mordvins.

During the Russian Civil War, White guerrillas were based in the forests here.

This part of Tatarstan is well known by its rocky hills. The hills themselves became recently known for their dachas, resorts and Alpine skiing.

Chuvash language
Chuvash (UK: /ˈtʃuːvɑːʃ/ CHOO-vahsh, US: /tʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ chuu-VAHSH; Чӑваш чӗлхи, Чӑвашла, translit. Çăvaşla, IPA: [tɕəʋaʃˈla]) is a Turkic language spoken in Volga-Ural region of Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.

The writing system for the Chuvash language is based on the Cyrillic script, employing all of the letters used in the Russian alphabet and adding four letters of its own: Ӑ, Ӗ, Ҫ and Ӳ.
Piscataway language
Piscataway (/pɪˈskætəweɪ/ pih-SKAT-ə-way) is an extinct Algonquian language formerly spoken by the Piscataway, a dominant chiefdom in southern Maryland on the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay at time of contact with English settlers. Piscataway, also known as Conoy (from the Iroquois ethnonym for the tribe), is considered a dialect of Nanticoke.

This designation is based on the scant evidence available for the Piscataway language. The Doeg tribe, then located in present-day Northern Virginia, are also thought to have spoken a form of the same language. These dialects were intermediate between the Native American language Lenape spoken to the north of this area (in present-day Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut) and the Powhatan language, formerly spoken to the south, in what is now Tidewater Virginia.

Chiefdom
A chiefdom is a political organization of people represented or governed by a chief. Chiefdoms have been discussed, depending on their scope, as a stateless, state analogue or early state system or institution.

Usually a chief's position is based on kinship, which is often monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites can form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group.

Chiefdoms and chiefs are sometimes identified as the same as kingdoms and kings, and therefore understood as monarchies, particularly when they are understood as not necessarily states, but having monarchic representation or government.
Valentin Areh
Valentin Areh (born August 22, 1971) is a Slovenian journalist, war correspondent and writer.  Currently he works for several international media organisations.

Born in the Slovenian capital Ljubljana, he participated in 1991 as a soldier in the brief Slovenian war of independence.  He subsequently attended Ljubljana University, studying history and sociology.   He concluded his studies at Ljubljana by obtaining a Master's degree covering certain sociological aspects of the US electoral system.

Areh has fifteen years of experience as a war correspondent in places such as Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Afghanistan, Iraq and Ukraine. He was one of the few journalists to remain in Kosovo during the Kosovo War of 1999 and he survived a tortuous escape out of the country during NATO’s war to expel Serbian forces. He has worked with AP, Reuters, Italia Uno, Media set, 24ur and he is the author of several books.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Sarcodon atroviridis
Sarcodon atroviridis is a species of fungus in the family Bankeraceae found in North America and Asia. It was originally described in 1895 as Hydnum atroviride by Andrew Price Morgan. Howard James Banker transferred it to Sarcodon in 1906. The fungus is known from Asia and North America; in 2015 it was reported from Brazil. The specific epithet atroviridis means "blackish green". While not explicitly known to be poisonous, it is considered of poor edibility.

Bankeraceae
The Bankeraceae are a family of fungi in the order Thelephorales. Taxa are terrestrial, and ectomycorrhizal with plant species in families such as Pinaceae or Fagaceae. The family was circumscribed by Marinus Anton Donk in 1961. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 6 genera and 98 species.
Karl Rössing
Karl Rössing (25 September 1897, in Gmunden – 19 August 1987, in Wels) was an Austrian painter, graphic artist, and illustrator, best remembered for his surrealist and new objective works. He works have been exhibited at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, the Palais Harrach, the Kunsthalle Bremen, the Bavarian National Museum, the National Gallery in Berlin, the Hamburger Kunsthalle, and the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. His works have also been catalogued by the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München. He was made a fellow of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, and received the Heinrich Gleißner Prize in 1985.

Wels
Wels (German pronunciation: [vɛls] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Wös) is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of 65,482 (January 2025), the eighth largest city in Austria.
BoRG-58
BoRG-58 is a galaxy cluster located in the constellation Boötes. It was discovered during a randomized infrared sky scan as part of the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies (BoRG) program, using the Wide Field Camera 3 of the Hubble Space Telescope. BoRG-58 is located at a distance of 13.1 billion light-years (light-travel time).

In the cluster, more properly defined as a protocluster of galaxies, five young galaxies have been identified whose images date back to an era corresponding to when the Universe was only 600 million years old from the Big Bang. This phase coincides with the epoch of reionization, the period during which the hydrogen of the gas present in the Universe passed from an almost completely neutral state to being almost completely ionized. These five galaxies were small in size, about 1/20 of the Milky Way, but nevertheless had a luminosity comparable to it.

Wide Field Camera 3
The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) is the Hubble Space Telescope's last and most technologically advanced instrument to take images in the visible spectrum. It was installed as a replacement for the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 during the first spacewalk of Space Shuttle mission STS-125 (Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4) on May 14, 2009.

As of April 2023, WFC3 was still operating.
Gerald Marchand
Gerald Denys Marchand (24 April 1921 – 26 March 2005) was a British canoe sprinter who competed in the early 1950s. At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, he finished ninth in the C-1 10000 m event and was eliminated in the heats of the C-1 1000 m event.

Canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's C-1 1000 metres
These are the results of the men's C-1 1000 metres competition in canoeing at the 1952 Summer Olympics.  The C-1 event is raced by single-man sprint canoes. Because there were ten competitors in the event, heats were introduced. Both the heats and final took place on July 28.
Abraham Clark
Abraham Clark (February 15, 1726 – September 15, 1794) was an American Founding Father, politician, and Revolutionary War figure. Clark was a delegate for New Jersey to the Continental Congress where he signed the Declaration of Independence and later served in the United States House of Representatives in both the Second and Third United States Congress, from March 4, 1791, until his death in 1794.

3rd United States Congress
The 3rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1793, to March 4, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 census. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.
Loch Libo
Loch Libo is a freshwater loch in East Renfrewshire, Parish of Neilston, Scotland. The Lugton Water has its source from the southern end of loch, running 14 miles before reaching its confluence with the River Garnock near Kilwinning. The village of Uplawmoor and the hamlet of Shillford lie nearby. 3 mi (4.8 km) away to the northeast is the town of Neilston.

Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway
The Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway was a railway jointly owned by the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway, completed in 1873, and giving the latter a shorter access to its Carlisle main line. A branch to Beith was also built.

It was formed by extending the earlier independent Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway, which is also described here; that line was taken over by the joint company.

The main line between Glasgow and Kilmarnock continues in operation at the present day. The station at Neilston was closed, and the locality is served by a different line.
Langlidalen
Langlidalen ("the long hillside valley") is a valley in Nathorst Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about three kilometers, and is located between the mountains of Rånekampen at the western side, and Langlifjellet and Sven Nilssonfjellet at the western side. The glacier of Langlibreen extends from Steindolptoppen into the upper part of Langlidalen.

Nathorst Land
Nathorst Land is the land area between Van Keulenfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard.

The area is named after Alfred Gabriel Nathorst.

The Aspelintoppen mountain is the highest peak in Nathorst Land.
Primo Toys
Primo Toys is a London-based educational toy company founded by Filippo Yacob and Matteo Loglio, best known for creating the Cubetto Playset, an award-winning wooden robot that has been used by more than 10 million children to date, designed to teach children how to code using a tangible programming language that doesn't use screens or literacy. In April 2016, Cubetto became the most crowd-funded ed-tech invention in history, when 6,553 backers pledged a total of $1,596,457 to support their Kickstarter campaign. Primo Toys are backed by Randi Zuckerberg, Arduino co-founder Massimo Banzi, and Liam Casey's PCH International.

PCH International
PCH is a global custom design manufacturing company that works with companies to design, engineer, develop, manufacture, pack out, fulfill and distribute products as well as manage supply chains. The company was founded in Ireland in 1996 by entrepreneur Liam Casey.

PCH's corporate headquarters are located in Cork, Ireland with operational headquarters in Shenzhen, China,
Map (graph theory)
In topology and graph theory, a map is a subdivision of a surface such as the Euclidean plane into interior-disjoint regions,
formed by embedding a graph onto the surface and forming connected components (faces) of the complement of the graph.
That is, it is a tessellation of the surface. A map graph is a graph derived from a map by creating a vertex for each face and an edge for each pair of faces that meet at a vertex or edge of the embedded graph.

Map graph
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a map graph is an undirected graph formed as the intersection graph of finitely many simply connected and internally disjoint regions of the Euclidean plane. The map graphs include the planar graphs, but are more general. Any number of regions can meet at a common corner (as in the Four Corners of the United States, where four states meet), and when they do the map graph will contain a clique connecting the corresponding vertices, unlike planar graphs in which the largest cliques have only four vertices. Another example of a map graph is the king's graph, a map graph of the squares of the chessboard connecting pairs of squares between which the chess king can move.
Order of Vitéz
The Order of Vitéz (Hungarian: Vitézi Rend; frequently spelled in English as 'Vitez') is a Hungarian order of merit which was founded in 1920. It was awarded as a state honour from 1920 to 1944.

During World War II, many members of the Hungarian government and military were members of the Order; as such, members were involved in both contributing to the Holocaust as well as leading efforts against it. The United States Department of State lists the Order of Vitéz as having been "under the direction of the Nazi Government of Germany", like the French Police at the time.

The Order of Vitéz has several successors; one, the Order of Vitéz under Captain General vitéz József Károly von Habsburg, is recognised by the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry as an "Institution of Chivalric Character"; and so has become, de facto, comparable to a house order of the Palatinal branch of the House of Habsburg (Palatine of Hungary).

Order of merit
An order of merit is an honorific order that is conferred by a state, government, royal family, or other sovereign entity to an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. The historical background of the modern honours system of orders of merit may be traced to the emergence of chivalric orders during the Middle Ages.

Orders of merit may be bestowed as official awards by states, or as dynastic orders by royal families. In the case of modern republics, an order of merit may constitute the highest award conferred by the state authority.
The Greystone
The Greystone, also known as the Greystone Hotel, is a fourteen-story building at 212-218 West 91st Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States. Samuel and Henry A. Blumenthal bought the property from the Astor estate in 1922 with marketing beginning two years later. It was designed by the architectural firm of Schwartz & Gross.

The building is currently in residential use and the former ballroom has since been a series of restaurants including Polistina's and Big Daddy's.

Among its notable residents was

Alberto Arroyo.

The sixth Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn.

Astor family
The Astor family achieved prominence in business, society, and politics in the United States and the United Kingdom during the 19th and 20th centuries. With German roots, some of their ancestry goes back to the Italian and Swiss Alps,
the Astors settled in Germany, first appearing in North America in the 18th century with John Jacob Astor, one of the wealthiest people in history.
Bihunkot
Bihunkot is a Village Development Committee in Baglung District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,575 and had 1071 houses in the town.

Dhaulagiri Zone
Dhaulagiri (Nepali: धौलागिरी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones which Nepal was divided into for administrative purposes, prior to the September 10, 2015 adoption of a new Constitution, which divided the nation instead into 7 provinces.  It is in the Western Development Region of Nepal and its headquarters are Baglung. Famous trekking areas like Mustang, Muktinath, Kali Gandaki valley and Mt Dhaulagiri fall in this zone. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, the only hunting reserve in Nepal is spread over Baglung and Myagdi Districts of this zone.
Tanguy Barro
Tanguy Sie Herman Barro (born 13 September 1982) is a Burkinabé former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for the French clubs Chamois Niortais, Besançon RC, Cognac, and Stade Ruffec as well as for the Belgian teams Racing Waregem and K.A.S. Eupen.

He was a member of the Burkina Faso national team at the 2004 African Nations Cup, which finished bottom of their group in the first round of competition, thus failing to secure qualification for the quarter-finals. Barro played 24 matches for Burkina Faso in total.

Burkina Faso national football team
The Burkina Faso national football team (French: Équipe de football du Burkina Faso) represents Burkina Faso in men's international football and is controlled by the Burkinabé Football Federation. They were known as the Upper Volta national football team until 1984, when Upper Volta became Burkina Faso. They finished fourth in the 1998 Africa Cup of Nations, when they hosted the tournament. Their best ever finish in the tournament was the 2013 edition, reaching the final.
2022 Furman Paladins football team
The 2022 Furman Paladins football team represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 2022 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Paladins were led by sixth-year head coach Clay Hendrix and played their home games at Paladin Stadium in Greenville, South Carolina.

With a win over Elon in the first round of the 2022 NCAA Division I Football Championship, Furman completed their first 10-win season for the first time since 2005. They would fall to Incarnate Word in the second round.

2022 Elon Phoenix football team
The 2022 Elon Phoenix football team represented Elon University as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) during the 2022 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Phoenix, led by fourth-year head coach Tony Trisciani, played their home games at Rhodes Stadium.
Isca!
Isca! is the name of a Galician youth organization that promotes Galician independence, combined with anti-capitalist and feminist ideology. They are linked to the Galician Movement for Socialism, a socialist and pro-independence party that forms part of the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG).

Galicians
Galicians (Galician: galegos [ɡaˈleɣʊs] or pobo galego; Spanish: gallegos [ɡaˈʎeɣos]) are an ethnic group primarily residing in Galicia, northwest Iberian Peninsula. Historical emigration resulted in populations in other parts of Spain, Europe, and the Americas. Galicians possess distinct customs, culture, language, music, dance, sports, art, cuisine, and mythology. Galician, a Romance language derived from the Latin of ancient Roman Gallaecia, is their native language and a primary cultural expression. It shares a common origin with Portuguese, exhibiting 85% intelligibility, and similarities with other Iberian Romance languages like Asturian and Spanish. They are closely related to the Portuguese people. Two Romance languages are widely spoken and official in Galicia: the native Galician and Spanish.