hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daohugouthallus
Daohugouthallus is a monotypic genus of lichen, known from fossils found in the Jurassic Haifanggou Formation near Daohugou village, Ningcheng County, China. The genus contains a single species, D. ciliiferus. Although Daohugouthallus shows some relationships to the family Parmeliaceae, it is distinct enough for scientists to suggest its classification into its own family, Daohugouthallaceae. Dated at approximately 165 million years ago, this macrolichen is thought to be the earliest fossil example of an epiphytic macrolichen, indicating it likely grew on gymnosperm plants.

Haifanggou Formation
The Haifanggou Formation (simplified Chinese: 海房沟组; traditional Chinese: 海房溝組; pinyin: Hǎifánggōu zǔ), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (simplified Chinese: 九龙山组; traditional Chinese: 九龍山組; pinyin: Jiǔlóngshān zǔ), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou (simplified Chinese: 道虎沟; traditional Chinese: 道虎溝) village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China.

The formation consists of coarse conglomerates, sandstone, mudstone, and thin coal layers deposited in deltaic and lacustrine environments.

The formation dates to the Callovian of the Middle Jurassic to the Oxfordian of the Late Jurassic.

The most prominent locality of the Haifanggou Formation are the Daohugou Beds, located near the village of Daohugou in southeastern Inner Mongolia. Other localities include Wuhuaxigou, Chentaizi, Jiangzhangzi, Wubaiding, Guancaishan, Haifenggou, Fanzhangzi, and Zhuanshanzi.
Bolshaya Selmenga
Bolshaya Selmenga (Russian: Большая Сельменга) is a rural locality (a village) in Nyuksenskoye Rural Settlement, Nyuksensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 28 as of 2002. There are 2 streets.

Nyuksensky District
Nyuksensky District (Russian: Ню́ксенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Velikoustyugsky District in the east, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District in the southeast, Babushkinsky District in the south, Totemsky District in the southwest, and with Tarnogsky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,167.42 square kilometers (1,995.15 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nyuksenitsa. District's population: 9,777 (2010 Census); 11,714 (2002 Census); 13,287 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nyuksenitsa accounts for 43.7% of the district's total population.
Dead Horse (song)
"Dead Horse" is a song by American rock band Guns N' Roses. It appears on their 1991 release, Use Your Illusion I. The composition starts out with an acoustic section, which features a guitar riff written by lead vocalist Axl Rose. Following the sound of a nutcracker, the electric guitars soon come in for the heavier section which dominates the song. After the final climactic chorus, the opening section is reprised for another bar. The song ends with an audio effect featuring the song being fast-forwarded.

The song was never released as a single but was issued to radio stations in 1993 as a 5" CD radio promo.  A music video made in 1993, directed by Louis Marciano, first appeared on the VHS only release entitled Garden of Eden: Strictly Limited Edition and later on the Welcome to the Videos compilation in 1998.

Audio signal processing
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically measured in decibels.  As audio signals may be represented in either digital or analog format, processing may occur in either domain.  Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on its digital representation.
Vladislav Horohorin
Vladislav Horohorin (Ukrainian: Владислав Анатолійович Хорохорін, romanized: Vladyslav Anatoliiovych Khorokhorin), alias BadB, is a former hacker and international credit card trafficker who was convicted of wire fraud and served a seven-year prison sentence.

Mail and wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical (e.g., the U.S. Postal Service) or electronic (e.g., a phone, a telegram, a fax, or the Internet) mail system to defraud another, and are U.S. federal crimes. Jurisdiction is claimed by the federal government if the illegal activity crosses interstate or international borders.
1995 Australian Open
The 1995 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at Flinders Park in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia. It was the 83rd edition of the Australian Open and was held from 16 through 29 January 1995.

Gigi Fernández
Beatriz "Gigi" Fernández (born February 22, 1964) is a Puerto Rican former professional tennis player.
Fernández won 17 major doubles titles and two Olympic gold medals representing the United States, and reached the world No. 1 ranking in doubles. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 17 in 1991. Since retiring from the professional tour in 1997 at the age of 33, Fernández has been a tennis coach, entrepreneur and philanthropist. She combines her two passions, tennis and travel and offers unique tennis experiences to tennis aficionados. Her doubles program, The Gigi Method, teaches players of all levels the art and science of doubles. She founded Tennis for Hope after her house flooded during Hurricane Helene to help people in the tennis community affected by Natural Disasters. Fernández is the first Puerto Rican to be inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
John of Sittingbourne
John of Sittingbourne (died before 1238) was Archbishop of Canterbury-elect in 1232.

John was a monk of Christ Church Priory, Canterbury, and was selected as prior of Christ Church in 1222. John was elected to the archbishopric on 16 March 1232, but his election was quashed on 12 June 1232 when he resigned the office at the papal court.

John died sometime before 1238.

Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or  prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a  superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". The office may head a local house, a region of houses (prior provincial), or the entire order (prior general). Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be lower in rank than the abbey's abbot or abbess.
Sherry Hursey
Sherry Hursey is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Ilene Markham on the sitcom Home Improvement and her 1988–1989 stint as Paula Carson on the soap opera Days of Our Lives.

Her other television credits include The Rookies, Happy Days, The Six Million Dollar Man, The Mary Tyler Moore Show
, Rhoda, Simon & Simon, Matlock, Step by Step, Major Dad, Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, NYPD Blue and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. She also appeared in a number of television films and the theatrical films Tom and Huck (1995) and Bring It On (2000), playing the mother of Kirsten Dunst's character. In 1996, she appeared in the television film Lying Eyes.

In 2010, Hursey starred and produced the television pilot Lilly's Light, starring in the title role. The series was about Lilly (Hursey), a foster mother living in an enchanted lighthouse while raising three foster children. Actors Mindy Sterling and Fred Willard also co-starred.

Simon & Simon
Simon & Simon is an American crime drama television series that originally ran from November 24, 1981, to December 31, 1988. The series was broadcast on CBS, and starred Gerald McRaney and Jameson Parker as dissimilar brothers who operate a two-man detective agency in San Diego, California.
Three Rebellions in Shouchun
The Three Rebellions in Shouchun (also known as the Three Rebellions in Huainan) were a series of revolts that occurred in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. The rebellions broke out in the later years of Wei when the Sima clan, headed by Sima Yi, usurped state power. The military governors of Shouchun (present-day Shou County, Anhui) rose in revolt thrice in the name of a rebellion to oust the Sima clan from power. The respective leaders of the three rebellions were Wang Ling, Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin, and Zhuge Dan. All the revolts were eventually suppressed.

Huainan
Huainan (Chinese: 淮南; pinyin: Huáinán) is a prefecture-level city with 3,033,528 inhabitants as of the 2020 census in north-central Anhui province, China. It is named for the Han-era Principality of Huainan. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the south, Lu'an to the southwest, Fuyang to the west, Bozhou to the northwest, Bengbu to the northeast and Chuzhou to the east. Huainan is one of the core cities of Hefei Metropolitan Circle and is known for its coal industry and thermal power plants. Its built-up area made of 4 urban districts (all but Panji not yet conurbated) and Fengtai County largely being urbanized, was home to 1,868,944 inhabitants as of 2020. Its city flower is the Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) and its city tree is the Old-World Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis). It is also considered to be the hometown and birthplace of tofu.
2012 Copa San Juan Gobierno
The 2012 Copa San Juan Gobierno was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in San Juan, Argentina between 8 and 14 October 2012.

Martín Alund
Martín Alund (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾˈtin aˈlun]; Swedish: Ålund; born 26 December 1985) is a retired Argentine professional tennis player. He reached the semifinals of the 2013 Brasil Open; has won seven ATP Challenger events in doubles; and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 84 in March 2013.
Antony Gautier
Antony Gautier (born 19 November 1977, in Seclin) is a French former football referee who officiated primarily in Ligue 1.

Gautier became a FIFA referee in 2010 and served as a referee in 2014 World Cup qualifiers.

In June 2020, Gautier was elected mayor of the French city Bailleul.

Despite appearing on the list of referees for the 2022-23 Ligue 1 season, Gautier did not take charge of any games and in January 2023, he was appointed as director of refereeing in France. His final match as a referee was the relegation play-off tie between St Etienne and Auxerre, which Auxerre won on penalties.

2022–23 Ligue 1
The 2022–23 Ligue 1, also known as Ligue 1 Uber Eats for sponsorship reasons, was the 85th season of the Ligue 1, France's premier football competition. It began on 5 August 2022 and concluded on 3 June 2023.

As the 2022 FIFA World Cup began on 20 November, the last round before the break was held on 12–13 November. The league subsequently resumed on 27 December. Four clubs were relegated to Ligue 2 at the end of the season as the number of clubs was reduced to 18 starting from the 2023–24 season. As a result, no play-offs were held at the end of the season, and this was the last season played with 20 teams.

Paris Saint-Germain were the defending champions, and they won a record-breaking eleventh title with one match to spare, following a 1–1 draw against Strasbourg on 27 May.
Ectoedemia flavimacula
Ectoedemia flavimacula is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is only known from the mountainous area near the Varzob River and the southern Vakhsh River valley in Tadzhikistan, near the border with Afghanistan.

The length of the forewings is 1.6-1.8 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on Populus species, probably including Populus pruinosa. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Vakhsh (river)
The Vakhsh (/ˈvækʃ/ VAKSH; Tajik and Russian: Вахш), also known as the Surkhob (Tajik: Сурхоб) in north-central Tajikistan and as the Kyzyl-Suu (Kyrgyz: Кызыл-Суу) in Kyrgyzstan, is a Central Asian river and one of the main rivers of Tajikistan. It is a tributary of the Amu Darya river.
New Britain (tune)
New Britain is a hymn tune which was first published under other names in the early 19th century, including St Mary's, Gallaher, Symphony, Harmony Grove and Solon.  In 1835, it was paired with the lyrics of John Newton's hymn "Amazing Grace" in William Walker's The Southern Harmony, and Musical Companion.  This sold over 600,000 copies in multiple editions.  Walker named the tune "New Britain" in that work and the combination was reprinted in The Sacred Harp (1844) which was even more influential.  The name "Amazing Grace" was first used for the combination in Sankey's Gospel Hymns 2 (1877).

The tune is pentatonic and in Ionian mode.

Pentatonic scale
A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to heptatonic scales, which have seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale).

Pentatonic scales were developed independently by many ancient civilizations and are still used in various musical styles to this day. As Leonard Bernstein put it: "The universality of this scale is so well known that I'm sure you could give me examples of it, from all corners of the earth, as from Scotland, or from China, or from Africa, and from American Indian cultures, from East Indian cultures, from Central and South America, Australia, Finland ... now, that is a true musico-linguistic universal." There are two types of pentatonic scales: those with semitones (hemitonic) and those without (anhemitonic).
Visa requirements for British citizens
Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom.

As of 2026, British citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 183 countries and territories, ranking the British passport 6th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020, and British citizens consequently lost their freedom of movement to EU countries; however, under the Common Travel Area, British citizens continue to have freedom of movement to Ireland.

Visa requirements for other classes of British nationals such as British nationals (overseas), British overseas citizens, British overseas territories citizens, British protected persons or British subjects are different.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
George Henry Boulter
George Henry Boulter (July 17, 1825 – January 18, 1894) was an Ontario physician and political figure. He represented Hastings North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1883.

He was born in Prince Edward County in Upper Canada in 1825. He studied at Victoria College in Cobourg and McGill College and graduated as a M.D. He served as a major in the local militia. He was reeve of Stirling and warden for Hastings County. He died at Stirling in 1894.

The geographical township of Boulter in Nipissing District and the community of Boulter in the Township of Carlow/Mayo in Hastings County were named after him.

Cobourg
Cobourg (/ˈkoʊbɜːrɡ/ KOH-burg) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Southern Ontario 95 km (59 mi) east of Toronto and 62 km (39 mi) east of Oshawa. It is the largest town in and seat of Northumberland County. Its nearest neighbour is Port Hope, 7 km (4 mi) to the west. It is located along Highway 401 (exits 472 and 474) and the former Highway 2 (now Northumberland County Road 2). To the south, Cobourg borders Lake Ontario. To the north, east and west, it is surrounded by Hamilton Township.
Acoustic Visions
Acoustic Visions is the sixth solo album by electric guitar player David T. Chastain. This album is notable because it is the first album by David T. Chastain to be entirely recorded with acoustic guitars. Chastain also mixed, engineered, digitally edited, sequenced, and produced the album himself.

Music sequencer
A music sequencer (or audio sequencer or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control, and possibly audio and automation data for digital audio workstations (DAWs) and plug-ins.
Kompagnistræde 32
Kompagnistræde 32 is a Neoclassical property in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was designed by architect Andreas Hallander. In 1799, it featured three storeys above a walk-out basement. An additional storey was added in 1846. A brewery operated in the building’s rear wing until at least the 1860s.

In 1968, the building was listed in the Danish Registry of Protected Buildings and Places. However, the neighboring warehouse (Kompagnistræde 30) and the rear wings are not part of the heritage listing.

The Danish Union of Teachers was formerly headquartered in the building from 1957 until relocating their headquarters to Vandkunsten 12. The union continues to own the building and rents it out as office space.

Andreas Hallander
Andreas Hallander (13 November 1755 – 3 April 1828) was a Danish master carpenter and architect who made a significant contribution to the city of Copenhagen. Together with the buildings of Johan Martin Quist, his classically styled apartment houses form part of the legacy of 19th-century Danish Golden Age architects who reconstructed areas of the old town which had been destroyed in the Great Fire of 1795.
Online help
Online help is a form of user assistance that provides topic-oriented, procedural or reference information designed to assist in using a software application, web application or operating system. Online help linked to the application's state (what the user is doing) is called context-sensitive help.

The help information can be created using help authoring tools or component content management systems and can be delivered in a wide variety of proprietary and open-standard formats. Help of this kind has largely replaced printed documentation.

Interactive help can also be provided via virtual assistants and Chatbot systems.

Chatbot
A chatbot (originally chatterbot) is a software application or web interface that simulates conversation through text or speech. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing. Simpler chatbots have existed for decades.

Chatbots have gained popularity with the release of ChatGPT in 2022, followed by competitors such as Gemini, Claude, and Grok, in what is labelled an AI boom. AI chatbots typically use fine-tuned large language models to generate text.

A major area where chatbots have long been used is customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants.
Bernstein polynomial
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, a Bernstein polynomial is a polynomial expressed as a linear combination of Bernstein basis polynomials. The idea is named after mathematician Sergei Natanovich Bernstein.

Polynomials in this form were first used by Bernstein in a constructive proof of the Weierstrass approximation theorem. With the advent of computer graphics, Bernstein polynomials, restricted to the interval [0, 1], became important in the form of Bézier curves.

A numerically stable way to evaluate polynomials in Bernstein form is de Casteljau's algorithm.

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
Powerslide (video game)
Powerslide is a post-apocalyptic Microsoft Windows racing game by Australian developer Ratbag Games. It was released in Australia, United States and Europe in 1998. Powerslide was praised for its graphics and AI in particular. A sequel, Powerslide: Slipstream, was in development as of 2004 for PlayStation 2, PC and Xbox, but Ratbag couldn't find a suitable publisher, and shortly after the company was shut down. Powerslide was re-released on GOG.com in 2012.

GOG.com
GOG.com (formerly Good Old Games) is a digital distribution platform for video games and films. It is operated by GOG sp. z o.o., which was a wholly owned subsidiary of CD Projekt until December 2025, based in Warsaw, Poland. CD Projekt sold GOG to co-founder Michał Kiciński in December 2025.

GOG.com delivers DRM-free video games through its digital platform for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.
Carina Görlin
Carina Görlin (born 17 February 1963) is a Swedish former cross-country skier who competed from 1991 to 1994. Competing at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, she had her best career finish of seventh in the 4 × 5 km relay and her best individual finish of 14th in the 5 km.

Görlin's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was tenth in the 15 km event at Val di Fiemme in 1991.  Her best World Cup finish was 12th twice, both in 5 km events in 1991.

Görlin's best finish was ninth on three occasions in 10 km events in Sweden from 1992 to 1994.

In 1993, she won Tjejvasan.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1991
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1991 took place between 7 and 17 February 1991 in Val di Fiemme, Italy. The women's 5 km was reintroduced after not being held in the previous championships. The men's 10 km was introduced in this championships. Additionally, this was the first championship with a unified German team for the first time officially since 1939 following separate East German and West German teams that had competed from 1958 to 1989.
Radomir (mountain)
Radomir (Bulgarian: Радомир) or Sidiropetra (Greek: Σιδηρόπετρα), is a mountain on the Bulgarian–Greek border. At 2,031 metres (6,663 ft) or 2,029 metres (6,657 ft)  it is the highest peak in the Belasica range. It is also known by its old name Kalabak (Greek: Καλαμπάκα).

In Bulgarian since 1942, the peak was named after the Bulgarian Emperor Gavril Radomir who took part in the battle of Kleidion in the Belasitsa mountains.

Radomir is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Neochori, the nearest town on the Greek side, and 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south-west of Petrich, the nearest town on the Bulgarian side.

Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria
Gavril Radomir (Bulgarian: Гаврил Радомир; Greek: Γαβριὴλ Ρωμανός, romanized: Gavriḗl Romanós; anglicized as Gabriel Radomir; died 1015) was the Emperor (Tsar) of the First Bulgarian Empire from October 1014 to August or September 1015. He was the son of tsar Samuel (r. 997–1014).