hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consistent pricing process
A consistent pricing process (CPP) is any representation of (frictionless) "prices" of assets in a market.  It is a stochastic process in a filtered probability space  such that at time  the  component can be thought of as a price for the  asset.

Mathematically, a CPP  in a market with d-assets is an adapted process in  if Z is a martingale with respect to the physical probability measure , and if  at all times  such that  is the solvency cone for the market at time .

The CPP plays the role of an equivalent martingale measure in markets with transaction costs. In particular, there exists a 1-to-1 correspondence between the CPP  and the EMM .

Probability measure
In mathematics, a probability measure is a real-valued function defined on a set of events in a σ-algebra that satisfies measure properties such as countable additivity.  The difference between a probability measure and the more general notion of measure (which includes concepts like area or volume) is that a probability measure must assign value 1 to the entire space.

Intuitively, the additivity property says that the probability assigned to the union of two disjoint (mutually exclusive) events by the measure should be the sum of the probabilities of the events; for example, the value assigned to the outcome "1 or 2" in a throw of a die should be the sum of the values assigned to the outcomes "1" and "2".

Probability measures have applications in diverse fields, from physics to finance and biology.
Chaubara Dera No. 1
Chaubara Dera No. 1, otherwise simply known as the Chaubara Dera Temple, is a temple in the village of Un, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the largest of a cluster of ruined temples in the village.

The original name of the temple has been lost. The shikhara is completely destroyed, and the main deity within the sanctum has also been lost. Due to a large amount of Shaivite imagery present within the temple, it is assumed that this was probably a Shiva temple.

Udayaditya
Udayāditya (reigned c. 1070–1093) was a Paramara ruler of Malwa region of central India, who succeeded Jayasimha I. He is known for driving out the Kalachuri King Lakshmikarna.
He was succeeded by his son, either Lakshmadeva or Naravarman.
Grinham
Grinham is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Grinham (christened 20 December 1798-death unknown), English amateur cricketer

Jodie Grinham (born 1993), British archer

Judy Grinham (born 1939), British competitive swimmer

Natalie Grinham (born 1978), Australian squash player

Rachael Grinham (born 1977), Australian squash player

Rachael Grinham
Rachael Margaret Grinham (born 22 January 1977 in Toowoomba, Queensland) is an Australian former professional squash player. She won the World Open in 2007, and the British Open in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009. She reached the World No. 1 ranking in August 2004 and held it for 16 consecutive months.

She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2026 Australia Day Honours.
ExoPC
The EXOPC is a Tablet PC, in slate form, that uses Windows 7 Home Premium as its operating system, and is designed by the company of the same name, now defunct, based in Quebec, Canada. The EXOPC Slate is manufactured by Pegatron. The first EXOPC slate was launched in October 2010 directly from EXOPC Corp. on their website, and in Canada through the company Hypertechnologie Ciara.  Hypertechnologie Ciara markets the slate under the name Ciara Vibe.

Probitas markets the EXOPC as Mobi-One in Southern Europe and North Africa. RM Education markets the EXOPC in the UK as the RM Slate. Leader Computers markets the EXOPC in  Australia. The EXOPC Slate is also currently available in the United States via the Microsoft Store, both online and in stores. Mustek markets it as the Mecer Lucid Slate in South Africa.

Pegatron
PEGATRON Corporation is a Taiwanese  electronics manufacturer specializing in developing and producing computing, communications, and consumer electronics for major brands. The company also designs and manufactures computer peripherals and components. Pegatron's primary products include laptops, desktop computers, netbooks, game consoles, handheld and mobile devices, motherboards, video cards, and LCD TVs. The company also produces broadband communication devices such as smartphones, set-top boxes and cable modems.
Victor Braun
Victor Conrad Braun (August 4, 1935 – January 6, 2001) was a Canadian baritone who had a major international performance career in concerts and operas that lasted more than 40 years. While he was an accomplished performer of the standard opera works of Mozart, Puccini, Strauss, Verdi, and Wagner; he was particularly lauded for his portrayals of works by 20th-century composers like Alban Berg, Bartók, Henze, Siegfried Matthus, and Luciano Berio among others.

Rigoletto
Rigoletto is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the 1832 play Le roi s'amuse by Victor Hugo. Despite serious initial problems with the Austrian censors who had control over northern Italian theatres at the time, the opera had a triumphant premiere at La Fenice in Venice on 11 March 1851.

The work, Verdi's sixteenth in the genre, is widely considered to be the first of the operatic masterpieces of Verdi's middle-to-late career. Its tragic story revolves around the licentious Duke of Mantua, his hunch-backed court jester Rigoletto, and Rigoletto's daughter Gilda. The opera's original title, La maledizione (The Curse), refers to a curse placed on both the Duke and Rigoletto by the Count Monterone, whose daughter the Duke has seduced with Rigoletto's encouragement. The curse comes to fruition when Gilda falls in love with the Duke and sacrifices her life to save him from the assassin hired by her father.
Italian ship Vulcano
Vulcano (A 5335) (Italian: Nave Vulcano (m)) is a warship of the Italian Navy, a Vulcano-class logistic support ship, the lead ship in its class. It was built as part of a joint project between Italy and France to build such ships. It is a replenishment oiler auxiliary ship. Vulcano has the pennant number A 5335.

Pennant number
In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number (an internationalisation of pendant number, which it was called before 1948). Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

In the current system, a letter prefix, called a flag superior, identifies the type of ship, and numerical suffix, called a flag inferior, uniquely identifies an individual ship. Not all pennant numbers have a flag superior.
Huaniu
Huaniu (花牛), also known as Chinese Red Delicious is an apple cultivar originating in China. It is named after Huaniu town, Tianshui, where it was first planted as a hybrid of ten varieties of apple trees, including Red Delicious, Golden Delicious and Ralls Janet in 1956. The apple has a sweet taste comparable with Fuji apples. The apples have a soluble solid contents of 12.5-14%, sugar content of 1.86%, and malic acid content of 0.08%.

Fuji (apple)
The Fuji apple (Japanese: ふじ, Hepburn: Fuji) is an apple cultivar developed by growers at the Tōhoku Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (農林省園芸試験場東北支場, Nōrinshō engei shikenjō Tōhoku-shijō) in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in 1939. It originated as a cross between two American apple varieties—the Red Delicious and Ralls Janet (sometimes called "Rawls Jennet") apples.

The Fuji was named and brought to market in 1962; its name is derived from the first part of the town where it was developed: Fujisaki. Its flavor is sweet and its texture is crisp. It can be used to make apple sauce. According to the US Apple Association website, it is one of the nine most popular apple cultivars in the United States.
Siversky (air base)
Siversky (ICAO: ULLS) (also Ziverskaya) is an air base in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, 2 km northwest of Siversky. It is a small airfield 65 km south of Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) and is home to the 67th Bomber Aviation Regiment, flying Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft. According to Natural Resources Defense Council it has served as a nuclear bomber base. A United States joint military inspection was conducted at the base on February 11, 1992, which confirmed a Su-24 presence.

Jet fighter aircraft were reported at Siversky as early as 1955. During the 1960s Siversky had as many as 77 fighter jets based at the airfield while a 1967 reconnaissance mission only revealed three aircraft.  By 1980 Siversky was home to a Mikoyan MiG-27M regiment.

Sukhoi Su-24
The Sukhoi Su-24 (NATO reporting name: Fencer) is a supersonic, all-weather tactical bomber developed in the Soviet Union. The aircraft has a variable-sweep wing, twin engines and a side-by-side seating arrangement for its crew of two. It was the first of the USSR's aircraft to carry an integrated digital navigation/attack system.

The Su-24 started development in the early 1960s and first flew in 1967. It entered service in 1974 and production ceased in 1993. It remains in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces, Iranian Air Force, Ukrainian Air Force, Algerian Air Force and various other air forces to which it was exported.
Jerry Moyes
Jerry Moyes is an American businessman who is the founder, former chairman, and former CEO of Phoenix-based Swift Transportation, one of the largest trucking companies in the United States. Moyes also owns charter airline Swift Air and FBO Swift Aviation at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Moyes is the controlling owner of SME Steel Contractors Inc., a steel erector company based in Utah, and Texas-based LTL freight carrier Central Freight Lines. He has invested in several Arizona sports teams, most notably the Arizona Coyotes, which he owned from 2006 until 2009.

Arizona Sting
The Arizona Sting was a professional American box lacrosse team and a member of the National Lacrosse League from 2004 to 2007. They played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio, from 2001 to 2003 as the Columbus Landsharks, and in 2003 moved to Glendale, Arizona. The team adopted the name Sting in November 2003 and began playing in the Glendale Arena (now Desert Diamond Arena).

In 2005, the Sting defeated the 2004 NLL champion Calgary Roughnecks to win the franchise's first-ever West Division title. The Sting fell 19–13 to the East Division champion Toronto Rock in the league championships.
1914 Cork Intermediate Football Championship
The 1914 Cork Intermediate Football Championship was the sixth staging of the Cork Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.

The final was played between Millstreet and O'Donovan Rossa, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Millstreet won the match by 1–03 to 0–00 to claim their first ever championship title.

Millstreet GAA
Millstreet GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Millstreet in County Cork, Ireland. Primarily a Gaelic football club, it participates in competitions organized by Cork GAA county board and Duhallow division.
Liu Zaifu
Liu Zaifu (simplified Chinese: 刘再复; traditional Chinese: 劉再复; pinyin: Liú Zàifù; born 10 October 1941) is a Chinese author, poet, and professor in literature and the liberal arts. Liu is particularly well known for his work "Reflections on Dream of the Red Chamber", which analyzes the Chinese classic "Dream of the Red Chamber", but with Liu's personal viewpoints and philosophy. He has lectured at the University of Chicago, University of Colorado, Stockholm University, and the City University of Hong Kong, where he served as an honorary professor in 2004.

Stockholm University
Stockholm University (SU) (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia.

Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.
Meddie Gallant
Amédée "Meddie" Gallant (October 24, 1848 – June 19, 1933) was a farmer, fish exporter and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1898 to 1899 as a Liberal.

He was born in Bloomfield, Prince Edward Island, the son of Fabien Gallant. In 1877, he married Véronique Pineau. He was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1898 by-election held after Edward Hackett resigned his seat to run for a federal seat. However, the by-election result was then contested under the provincial Controverted Elections Act, and was overturned by Justice E. J. Hodgson on February 7, 1899. The by-election was rerun on July 25, 1899, and was won by Henry Pineau.

He was supervisor of highways for West Prince. Gallant died in Bloomfield at the age of 84.

1st Prince
1st Prince was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993. It was also used in pre-Confederation colonial elections such as the 1859 election electing two members of the 21st General Assembly of Prince Edward Island.

The district comprised the westernmost portion of Prince County. Communities in the district included Alberton and Tignish.

When the provincial electoral districts were reorganized into conventional single-member districts in 1996, 1st Prince was replaced by the districts of Tignish-DeBlois, Alberton-Miminegash, and West Point-Bloomfield.
Wizard (DC Comics)
The Wizard (William Asmodeus Zard) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is a magic-user who is a known enemy of the Justice Society of America, Superman of Earth-Two, and the Justice League of America.

The Wizard was played by Joe Knezevich in the first season of the television series Stargirl for DC Universe and The CW network.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Doomer
Doomer is a 21st century neologism for an online subculture of individuals who share extremely pessimistic, nihilist or fatalistic about global problems such as overpopulation, peak oil, climate change, ecological overshoot, pollution, nuclear weapons, democratic backsliding, economic collapse, and runaway artificial intelligence. Some doomers believe these problems may lead to societal collapse, or even worse, human extinction. The terms doomer and doomerism arose primarily on social media and later experienced a semantic change, becoming Internet slang for pessimism while overlapping with the incel subculture and blackpill.

Malthusians like Paul R. Ehrlich, Guy McPherson and Michael Ruppert have related doomerism to Malthusianism, an economic philosophy holding that human resource use will eventually exceed resource availability, leading to societal collapse, social unrest, or population decline.

Resource depletion
Resource depletion occurs when a natural resource is consumed faster than it can be replenished. The value of a resource depends on its availability in nature and the cost of extracting it. By the law of supply and demand, the scarcer the resource the more valuable it becomes. There are several types of resource depletion, including but not limited to: wetland and ecosystem degradation, soil erosion, aquifer depletion, and overfishing. The depletion of wildlife populations is called defaunation.

It is a matter of research and debate how humanity will be impacted and what the future will look like if resource consumption continues at the current rate, and when specific resources will be completely exhausted.
Allohercostomus
Allohercostomus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It includes three species from China and Nepal. Members of the genus are metallic green in color and are small in size, with a body length of 2.5–3.2 mm and a wing length of 2.8–3.4 mm. The generic name is a combination of the prefix allo- (from the Ancient Greek ἄλλος, állos, meaning "other") with the generic name Hercostomus. In Brooks (2005)'s phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Dolichopodinae, Allohercostomus was hypothesized to be the most basal member of the subfamily based on a triangular depression present on the scutum in front of the scutellum, a plesiomorphy lost in other members of the subfamily. It can also be distinguished from other members of Dolichopodinae by features such as the bottoms of its eyes being contiguous.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
La fille aux cheveux de lin
La fille aux cheveux de lin (French: [la fij o ʃəvø də lɛ̃]) is a musical composition for solo piano by French composer Claude Debussy.  It is the eighth piece in the composer's first book of Préludes, written between late 1909 and early 1910.  The title is in French and translates roughly to "The Girl with the Flaxen Hair". The piece is 39 measures long and takes approximately two and a half minutes to play.  It is in the key of G♭ major.

The piece, named after the poem by Leconte de Lisle, is known for its musical simplicity, a divergence from Debussy's style at the time.  Completed in January 1910, it was published three months later and premiered in June of that same year.  The prelude is one of Debussy's most recorded pieces, both in its original version and in subsequent various arrangements.

Bar (music)
In musical notation, a bar (or measure) is a segment of music bounded by vertical lines, known as bar lines (or barlines), usually indicating one or more recurring beats. The length of the bar, measured by the number of note values it contains, is normally indicated by the time signature.
Tate's isogeny theorem
In mathematics, Tate's isogeny theorem, proved by Tate (1966), states that two abelian varieties over a finite field are isogeneous if and only if their Tate modules are isomorphic (as Galois representations).

Galois representation
In mathematics, a Galois module is a G-module, with G being the Galois group (named for Évariste Galois) of some extension of fields. The term Galois representation is frequently used when the G-module is a vector space over a field or a free module over a ring in representation theory, but can also be used as a synonym for G-module. The study of Galois modules for extensions of local or global fields and their group cohomology is an important tool in number theory.
Max Hobart
Max Hobart is an American conductor and violinist.  He was music director emeritus of the Boston Civic Symphony.  Mr. Hobart was also conductor and music director for the Wellesley Symphony Orchestra from 1993 to 2021.

Originally from Nebraska, Hobart grew up in Bell Gardens, California where he learned to play the violin.  He later had private study with guitarist John Williams.  Orchestras he has played with include the New Orleans Symphony, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

Bell Gardens, California
Bell Gardens is a city in the U.S. state of California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Located in Los Angeles County, the city's population was 39,501 at the 2020 census. Bell Gardens is part of the Gateway Cities Region, a largely urbanized region located in southeastern Los Angeles County.

Bell Gardens is notable for being one of only six Los Angeles County cities (out of 88 total) to permit casino gambling and for being home of the oldest building in Los Angeles County.

Bell Gardens is named after James George Bell, an American businessman. The “Gardens” in its name derives from the many Japanese who, early in Bell Gardens’ existence, established vegetable gardens and rice fields. The adjacent city of Bell is also named after James George Bell.
Grégory Paisley
Grégory Paisley (born 7 May 1977) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender.

After his retirement in 2012, he started to work as a journalist for beIN Sport. While at Sochaux he played as they won the 2004 Coupe de la Ligue Final.

BeIN Sports
beIN Sports (/ˈbiːɪn/ BEE-in) is a Qatari multinational network of sports channels owned and operated by the media group beIN. The network has played a major role in the increased commercialization of Qatari sports. Its chairman is Nasser Al-Khelaifi, and its CEO is Yousef Obaidly.

beIN Sports is the dominant television sports channel in the MENA region. It also operates channels in France, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, Hong Kong, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand.
Charles Brooks (cartoonist)
Charles G. Brooks (November 22, 1920 – September 29, 2011) was an editorial cartoonist for The Birmingham News in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. He used his platform at The Birmingham News to criticize the Ku Klux Klan, despite the number of powerful supporters in the region at that time.

He won the Sigma Delta Chi Award for the most outstanding editorial cartoon of 1959 and served as president of the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists in 1969.

Editorial cartoonist
An editorial cartoonist, also known as a political cartoonist, is an artist who draws editorial cartoons that contain some level of political or social commentary. Their cartoons are used to convey and question an aspect of daily news or current affairs in a national or international context. Political cartoonists generally adopt a caricaturist style of drawing, to capture the likeness of a politician or subject. They may also employ humor or satire to ridicule an individual or group, emphasize their point of view or comment on a particular event.

Because an editorial cartoonist expresses an idea visually, with little or no text or words, it can be understood across many languages and countries. A strong tradition of editorial cartooning can be found throughout the world, in all political environments, including Cuba, Australia, Malaysia, Pakistan, India, Iran, France, Denmark, Canada and the United States.