hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Javid Shah
Javid Shah (Persian: جاوید شاه, lit. 'Long live the Shah') is a phrase in support of the monarchs of Iran. Since the Iranian Revolution, the phrase has also become a political slogan used by the Iranian opposition to demonstrate opposition to the Islamic Republic government. Supporters generally are not calling for an absolute monarchy, but rather a constitutional monarchy.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Half Brother (album)
Half Brother is a vinyl LP record album by the band Half Brother. It is the first album by the BAFTA, Brit, Emmy, and Gramophone award-winning composer Howard Goodall.

The album was released by Ariola Hansa (AHAL 8002). It was recorded at Scorpio Sound studios, engineered by Richard Dodd. It was produced and arranged by Del Newman.

Gramophone Classical Music Awards
The Gramophone Classical Music Awards, launched in 1977, are one of the most significant honours bestowed on recordings in the classical record industry. The British awards are often viewed as equivalent to or surpassing the American Grammy Awards, and referred to as the Oscars for classical music. They are widely regarded as the most influential and prestigious classical music awards in the world. According to Matthew Owen, national sales manager for Harmonia Mundi USA, "ultimately it is the classical award, especially worldwide."

The winners are selected annually by critics for the Gramophone magazine and various members of the industry, including retailers, broadcasters, arts administrators, and musicians. Awards are usually presented in September each year in London.
Sydney FC Hall of Fame
Sydney Football Club is an Australian association football club founded in 2004. In 2015, the club created a hall of fame into which personnel associated with the club are inducted from time to time.

The Hall of Fame is open to players, coaches, administrators, fans and volunteers. Players, coaches and administrators become eligible for induction upon their retirement or departure from the club. Years of service and total games played or coached are considerations, but not necessarily determinative in deciding who is selected. Selections are made by the Sydney FC board.

Australia internationals Alex Wilkinson and Teresa Polias are the most recent representatives of the club to be inducted.

Teresa Polias
Teresa Polias, born 16 May 1990) is an Australian former professional soccer player for the Central Coast Mariners (2008-2010) and Sydney FC (2010-2021) in the Australian W-League. Polias is a midfielder.
Charlestown, New Hampshire
Charlestown is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,806 at the 2020 census, down from 5,114 at the 2010 census. The town is home to Hubbard State Forest and the headquarters of the Student Conservation Association.

The primary village in town, where 1,078 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Charlestown census-designated place (CDP) and is located along New Hampshire Route 12. The town also includes the villages of North Charlestown, South Charlestown and Hemlock Center.

New England Central Railroad
The New England Central Railroad (reporting mark NECR) is a regional railroad in the New England region of the United States. It began operations in 1995, as the successor of the Central Vermont Railway (CV). The company was originally a subsidiary of holding company RailTex before being purchased by RailAmerica in 2000. In 2012, the company was purchased by Genesee & Wyoming, its current owner.

The New England Central Railroad main line runs from New London, Connecticut, to Alburgh, Vermont, at the Canada–US border, a distance of 366 miles (589 km). As of 2024, it has a total track length 345 miles (555 km). Primary sources of traffic include lumber, metals, chemicals, and crushed stone.
Daniel Sloss
Daniel Sloss (born 11 September 1990) is a Scottish comedian, actor, and writer.

Sloss was the youngest comedian to perform a solo season in London's West End, at the age of 19. He has toured internationally, released a stand-up comedy DVD through BBC Worldwide's 2Entertain label when he was 20, and has appeared on U.S. television shows such as Conan and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson.

In 2018, Sloss simultaneously released two hour-long comedy specials called DARK and Jigsaw via Netflix under the collective title Daniel Sloss – Live Shows, which received critical acclaim.

Soho Theatre
Soho Theatre is a theatre and registered charity primarily based in the Soho district of the City of Westminster, with auxiliary facilities at Soho Theatre Walthamstow in north-east London. It produces and presents new works of theatre, together with comedy and cabaret, across three performance spaces.

The theatre has established itself as a vital launchpad for new artists and offers commissions, attachments and residencies for both emerging and established writers. It has launched the careers of numerous screenwriters and comedians in theatre, film, TV and radio.

The theatre's programme is a mix of comedy, cabaret and theatre, with a particular focus on new writing and alternative comedy.
Ivar Heming Skre
Ivar Heming Skre (22 March 1897 – 7 September 1943) was a member of the Norwegian resistance during World War II.

Skre was born in Borre. His mother came from Ås and his father from Bremanger. Much of his childhood was spent in Avaldsnes, where he attended a folk high school.

In 1920, Skre married Ingeborg Dalen from Haugesund. They began their life together in Bergen, where Skre found employment as an editor.

Together with his brother Finn Åsmund Skre, born 1904, Skre joined the Kristian Stein group during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. They published and distributed illegal newspapers. Both were arrested in October 1941. Ivar Heming Skre was imprisoned from 9 October to 7 November 1941 in Bergen, then in Ulven concentration camp until 4 May 1942. He was transferred via Kiel to Halle concentration camp, where he was executed in September 1943.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Đurđevo
Đurđevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђурђево; Pannonian Rusyn: Дюрдьов, romanized: D'urd'ov; Hungarian: Sajkásgyörgye) is a village located in the Žabalj municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and a population numbering 5,137 people (2002 census). Besides Serbs (numbering 3,538 people), the village also has a large Rusyn minority (numbering 1,197 people).

Serbs of Vojvodina
The Serbs of Vojvodina are an ethnographic group of Serbs native to Vojvodina, a northern province of Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, there were 1,190,785 Serbs in Vojvodina, constituting 68.4% of the population.
Johannes Benzing
Johannes Benzing (13 January 1913 – 16 March 2001) was a German Turkic specialist and diplomat in the era of National Socialism and in the Federal Republic of Germany. Benzing worked as a linguist in Pers Z S, the signals intelligence agency of the German Foreign Office (German: Auswärtiges Amt).  He was the youngest senior official (German: Beamter) and headed the section from October 1939 until September 1944.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
Chavdar Partisan Brigade
The Chavdar Partisan Brigade was a subdivision of the First Sofia Insurgent Operational Zone of the People's Liberation Insurgent Army (NOVA) during the Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II (1941–1944). It operated in the vicinity of Novo Selo, Botevgrad, Pirdop, Etropole and Yakoruda.

The 'brigade' started out at the size of a detachment, but by 1944 had grown to Battalion size, it was only towards the end of its existence that it was the size of an actual brigade. It was incorporated into the Fatherland Front shortly after.

People's Liberation Insurgent Army
The People's Liberation Insurgent Army (NOVA; Bulgarian: Народоосвободителната въстаническа армия, НОВА) was the partisan resistance organization of the communist movement in Bulgaria during the Second World War from March 1943 to 9 September 1944. It was the largest resistance organization of Bulgaria during the Second World War.
Texas–Gulf water resource region
The Texas–Gulf water resource region is one of 21 major geographic areas, or regions, in the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of a major river, or the combined drainage areas of a series of rivers.

The Texas–Gulf region, which is listed with a 2-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) of 12, has an approximate size of 181,886 square miles (471,080 square kilometers), and consists of 11 subregions, which are listed with the 4-digit HUCs 1201 through 1211.

This region includes The drainage that discharges into the Gulf of Mexico from and including Sabine Pass to the Rio Grande Basin boundary. Includes parts of Louisiana, New Mexico, and Texas.

Square kilometre
The square kilometre (square kilometer in American spelling; symbol: km2) is a multiple of the square metre, the SI unit of area or surface area. In the SI unit of area (m2), 1 km2 is equal to 1M(m2).

1 km2 is equal to:

1,000,000 square metres (m2)

100 hectares (ha)

It is also approximately equal to:

0.3861 square miles

247.1 acres

Conversely:

1 m2 = 0.000001 (10−6) km2

1 hectare = 0.01 (10−2) km2

1 square mile = 2.5899 km2

1 acre = about 0.004047 km2

The symbol "km2" means (km)2, square kilometre and not k(m2), kilo–square metre. For example, 3 km2 is equal to 3×(1,000m)2 = 3,000,000 m2, not 3,000 m2.
Ses'Top La
Ses'Top La is a South African television comedy series created and directed by Mandla N and produced by BlackBrain Pictures for SABC 1, serving as a spin-off to City Ses'La. Mandla N and Busisiwe Lurayi both reprised their roles from the previous series, starring alongside Trevor Gumbi, Jason Goliath, Brenda Ngxoli, Judy Ditchfield and Warren Masemola.

SABC 1
SABC 1 is a South African public television network operated by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). It broadcasts programming in English and Nguni languages.

SABC 1 was established in 1996 following the SABC's restructuring of its television channels. Much of its programming was carried over from the TV1 network, which had itself been formed from the timeshared channels TV2, TV3, and TV4 in the 1980s. SABC 1 attracts the largest audience in South Africa due to its diverse programming, including SABC's longest-running soap opera, Generations: The Legacy, as well as Uzalo and Skeem Saam.

As of June 2018, the channel began broadcasting in high definition.
Mugarra
Mugarra  is a peak of  Biscay, Basque Country (Spain), 936 m high, belonging to the Aramotz massif.

The Aramotz massif is in the western limit of the Urkiola range. Mugarra continues the line of the Anboto, Alluitz, Aitz Txiki and Untxillaitz and is the eastern limit of the Aramotz massif.

Huge limestone rock where fossil rests of seashell can be found. The southern face forms a 300 m high cliff over the col of Mugarrekolanda. In this cliff have their nests the majority of the vulture pairs of Urkiola (60 estimated). The northern face, facing  Durango, is very steep but does not form a cliff, and it is covered by beeches and Cantabrian Holm Oaks.

The crest of Mugarra has many rock climbing ways, but climbing is not permitted to avoid disrupting of the vultures' habitat. This limestone crest is being consumed by a great quarry that causes irreparable damage to the mountain and is bordering the protected area.

Biscay
Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, ˈbɪski/ BISK-ay, BISK-ee; Basque: Bizkaia [bis̻kai.a]; Spanish: Vizcaya [biθˈkaʝa]) is a province of the Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Biscay is one of the most renowned and prosperous provinces of Spain, historically a major trading hub in the Atlantic Ocean since medieval times and, later on, one of the largest industrial and financial centers of the Iberian Peninsula. Since the extensive deindustrialization that took place throughout the 1970s, the economy has come to rely more on the services sector.
Stauning Vestjylland Airport
Stauning Vestjylland Airport is an airport in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, Denmark.

It is located 4 km northwest of Stauning, 13 km northwest of Skjern and 16 km southeast of Ringkøbing.

The airport is home to the annual KZ Rally, a vintage aircraft and aviation fair where enthusiasts and collectors can show their planes.

Ringkøbing
Ringkøbing (older spelling Ringkjøbing) is a town in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality in Region Midtjylland on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark. It has a population of 9,830 (1 January 2025).
Louann Salt
The Louann Salt is a widespread evaporite formation that formed in the Gulf of Mexico during the Callovian in the mid Jurassic. The Louann formed in a rift as the South American and North American Plates separated, from an embayment of the Pacific Ocean.  The Louann underlies much of the northern Gulf Coast from Texas to the Florida panhandle and extends beneath large areas of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.

The Campeche Salt or Isthmian Salt is the contemporaneous salt layer that developed on the south margin of the rift. It extends from Campeche, Mexico, north along the west margin of the Campeche Bank north of the Yucatan Peninsula. The Orca Basin is a distinctive brine pool on the Louisiana continental shelf. One of the many salt domes derived from the Louann was the site of the Spindletop oil strike near Beaumont, Texas, in 1901.

North American plate
The North American plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of 76 million km2 (29 million sq mi), it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacific plate (which borders the plate to the west).

It extends eastward to the seismically active Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Azores triple junction plate boundary where it meets the Eurasian plate and Nubian plate.
and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, which are accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. Much of North America west of the Rocky Mountains is composed of such terranes.
Shear wave splitting
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium.  The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves.  Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest.  These measurements reflect the degree of anisotropy and lead to a better understanding of the area's crack density and orientation or crystal alignment.
As an analogy, one can think of the anisotropy of a particular area as a black box and the shear wave splitting measurements as a way of looking at what is in the box.

Black box
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human brain, or an institution or government.

To analyze an open system with a typical "black box approach", only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the (unknown) box. The usual representation of this "black box system" is a data flow diagram centered in the box.

The opposite of a black box is a system where the inner components or logic are available for inspection, which is most commonly referred to as a white box (sometimes also known as a "clear box" or a "glass box").
Xenarescus
Xenarescus is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species, Xenarescus monoceros, which is found in Brazil, Colombia, Tobago, Trinidad and Venezuela.

Tobago
Tobago, officially the Ward of Tobago, is an island and ward in Trinidad and Tobago. It is 35 kilometres (20 nautical miles) northeast of the larger island of Trinidad and about 160 kilometres (85 nautical miles) off Venezuela's northeastern coast. It is southeast of Grenada and southwest of Barbados.
Peerless Brewing Company
53°23′54″N 3°01′32″W﻿ / ﻿53.3983°N 3.0255°W﻿ / 53.3983; -3.0255

Peerless Brewing Company is an independent microbrewery based in Birkenhead on the Wirral Peninsula, producing cask brewed beers by combining traditional techniques and fine ingredients with a modern tang.

The stainless-steel brew-plant is capable of brewing both ales and lagers. The Brewery brew about 3000 pints per batch. A gas-fired boiler provides the super-heated steam for the brewing process. The fermentation and conditioning tanks are all individually temperature controlled.

In early 2011 funding support from Wirral Council and help from Barclays Bank and the Manufacturing Advisory Service (MAS) provided £25,000 of capital which was invested in 220 new ale casks and cask washing equipment to support its production capacity and allow it to break into the national wholesale market.

Lager
Lager is a style of beer brewed and conditioned at low temperature. Lagers can be pale, amber, or dark. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "lager" comes from the German word for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented.

As well as maturation in cold storage, most lagers are distinguished by the use of Saccharomyces pastorianus, a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures.
German submarine U-57 (1938)
German submarine U-57 was a Type IIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that served in the Second World War. She was built by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 256. Ordered on 17 June 1937, she was laid down on 14 September, launched on 3 September 1938 and commissioned on 29 December under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Claus Korth.

U-57 was initially part of the 5th U-boat Flotilla during her training period, until 31 December 1939, when she was reassigned to the 1st U-boat Flotilla for operations. She carried out eleven war patrols, sinking eleven ships for a total 48,053 gross register tons (GRT) and one auxiliary warship of 8,240 GRT; she also damaged two vessels totalling 10,403 GRT; one ship was declared a total loss (10,191 GRT).

5th U-boat Flotilla
The 5th U-boat Flotilla (German 5. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Emsmann Flotilla, was a U-boat flotilla of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The flotilla was formed in December 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Rudolf Rösing. It was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Joachim Emsmann, a U-boat commander during World War I, who died on 28 October 1918 after his U-boat UB-116 was sunk by a mine. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1940 and the boats were all transferred to 1st Flotilla.

The flotilla was re-formed as "5th U-boat Flotilla" in June 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinz Moehle as a training flotilla with her base in Kiel. In 1946 Moehle was sentenced to five years in prison, after being found guilty of passing the Laconia Order to new U-boat commanders before they went out on patrol. He was released in November 1949.
MV Tycoon
MV Tycoon was a cargo ship that was under management by Ocean Grow International Shipmanagement, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. She was wrecked on 8 January 2012 after breaking her moorings and was pushed into the cliffs at Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island and broke up, spilling oil and phosphate into the sea. All fifteen crew were rescued by Royal Australian Navy RIBs. Built by Sanyo Shipbuilding, Onomichi, Japan and launched in 1983 as Seizan. Tycoon had been known as Sun Rose, Kumiko L., Aki Ace, Galcrest and Euro Coaster during her career.

Onomichi
Onomichi (尾道市, Onomichi-shi) is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 31 January 2023, the city had an estimated population of 129,314 in 64055 households and a population density of 450 people per km². The total area of the city is 285.11 square kilometers (110.08 sq mi).
Sonali Shingate
Sonali Vishnu Shingate  (born 27 May 1995) is an Indian professional women's Kabaddi player and the current part of India national kabaddi team. She was part of the national teams that won the gold medal at the 2019 South Asian Games as well as the silver medal at the 2018 Asian Games.

In 2020, the Government of Maharashtra presented her with the Shiv Chhatrapati Award for her contributions to the sport.

Shiv Chhatrapati Award
Shiv Chhatrapati Award (also known as Shiv Chhatrapati State Sports Award) is the highest prestigious sports award honoured annually to the players of Maharashtra by the Government of Maharashtra in India .

The Government of Maharashtra instituted in 1969–70 a scheme for giving the Shiv Chhatrapati State Awards to sportsmen and women. The State Government has approved 24 games for men and 12 for women for this purpose.

A cash prize of Rs. 3 lakh, a memento with a headgear of Shiv Chhatrapati, along with lifetime right to travel by MSRTC bus free of cost are the benefits of the award. The winners are selected by a committee appointed by the Government of Maharashtra.