hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ertugliflozin
Ertugliflozin, sold under the brand name Steglatro, is a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

The most common side effects include fungal infections of the vagina and other infections of the female reproductive system.

Ertugliflozin is a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and is in the class of drugs known as gliflozins.

In the United States, it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as a monotherapy and as a fixed dose combination with either sitagliptin or with metformin. In the European Union, it was approved in March 2018, for use as a monotherapy or combination therapy. A study published in September 2020, found that ertugliflozin to be essentially non-inferior to placebo with respect to cardiovascular events.

A combination with metformin is sold under the brand name Segluromet and a combination with sitagliptin is sold under the brand name Steglujan.

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2
The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein, which facilitates glucose transport and is regulated by sodium ions. In humans it is encoded by the SLC5A2 solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) gene, located in chromosome 16, specifically in the band 16p11.2.
Valašské Klobouky
Valašské Klobouky (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvalaʃskɛː ˈkloboukɪ]; German: Wallachisch Klobouk) is a town in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,900 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Xuan Yuan Sword Luminary
Xuan Yuan Sword Luminary (軒轅剣 蒼き曜, Ken En Ken: Aoki Kagayaki) is a Japanese anime television series co-produced by TV Tokyo, Softstar and Nada Holdings, and animated by Studio Deen.
It is based on the Taiwanese role-playing video game Xuan-Yuan Sword: The Millennial Destiny. The series is being streamed by Crunchyroll among the world except for Asia. It aired between October 1 and December 24, 2018.

Softstar
Softstar Entertainment Inc. (Chinese: 大宇資訊股份有限公司), abbreviated as Softstar (Chinese: 大宇資訊; pinyin: Dàyǔzīxùn), is a Taiwanese video game developer and publisher based in Zhonghe District, New Taipei, with Mainland subsidiary branches in Beijing, Shanghai, and Xiamen.

Softstar is famous among the Taiwan regions for designing and publishing Chinese language role-playing and puzzle/simulation games, mainly for the PC platform. Its most popular franchises include The Legend of Sword and Fairy series, Xuan-Yuan Sword series, Richman series, Stardom series, and Empire of Angels series.
Peter Quesnel
Peter Quesnel (or Quesuel) (d. 1299?) was an English Franciscan friar who became the warden of the Franciscan house at Norwich, England. Quesnel held a high reputation as a "theologian and doctor of the canon law", and was the author of Directorium Juris in Foro Conscientiæ et Juridiciali.

Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church)
Doctor of Canon Law (Latin: Juris Canonici Doctor, JCD) is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.  It can also be an honorary degree awarded by Anglican colleges. It may also be abbreviated ICD or dr.iur.can. (Iuris Canonici Doctor), ICDr, DCL, DCnl, DDC, or DCanL (Doctor of Canon Law). A doctor of both laws (i.e. canon and civil) is a JUD (Juris Utriusque Doctor) or UJD (Utriusque Juris Doctor).
Shingwedzi
Shingwedzi (also Xingwedzi in modern Tsonga orthography) is a rest camp (i.e. tourist camp) and ranger's post situated in the northern section of the Kruger National Park. The camp is located on the southern bank of the Shingwedzi River, for which it is named, in Limpopo province, South Africa. The surrounding country formerly constituted the Singwitsi Reserve, proclaimed in 1903, which encompassed over 5,000 square kilometers. The region was over-hunted by the end of the 19th century, its big game depleted and its elephant population completely decimated. The name "Shingwedzi" is of Tsonga origin, and was perhaps derived from "Shing-xa-goli", perhaps a local chieftain, and "njwetse", the sound of iron rubbing against iron.

Big-game hunting
Big-game hunting is the hunting of large game animals for trophies, taxidermy, meat, and commercially valuable animal by-products (such as horns, antlers, tusks, bones, fur, body fat, or special organs). The term is often associated with the hunting of Africa's "Big Five" game (lion, African elephant, Cape buffalo, African leopard, and African rhinoceros), and Indian rhinoceros and Bengal tigers on the Indian subcontinent.
Queen of Swords
The Queen of Swords is a card in the suit of swords, part of the Minor Arcana set of the tarot.

Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games. In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

Tarot card reading
Tarot card reading is a form of cartomancy whereby practitioners use tarot cards to purportedly gain insight into the past, present or future. The process typically begins with formulation of a question, followed by drawing and interpreting cards to uncover meaning. A traditional tarot deck consists of 78 cards, which can be split into two groups, the Major Arcana and Minor Arcana. French-suited playing cards can also be used; as can any card system with suits assigned to identifiable elements (e.g., air, earth, fire, water).
European School of Economics
The European School of Economics (ESE) is a private college of higher education. It is accredited by ASIC, validated by Richmond, The American International University in London, and is a registered UK learning provider (UKPRN 10061489). ESE offers UK bachelor's degree, master's degree, MBA, and specialised short programmes at its centres in London, Rome, Milan, Florence, Genoa and Madrid.

Erasmus Programme
The Erasmus Programme is an educational programme named after Erasmus, combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport. It was created as the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students, a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. The original idea for the programme was first developed in the 1960s by Italian pedagogist Sofia Corradi, who advocated for the official recognition of study periods abroad.
KILT-FM
KILT-FM (100.3 MHz "The Bull 100.3") is a commercial radio station in Houston, Texas.  It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and airs a country music radio format.  The studios and offices are in Greenway Plaza in Southwest Houston. KILT-FM serves as a co-flagship radio station of the Houston Texans Football team, along with co-owned KILT.

KILT-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the highest permitted for non-grandfathered FM stations in the U.S. The transmitter is off Farm to Market Road 2234 near Fort Bend Parkway in Southwest Houston.  KILT-FM broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format.  The HD-2 subchannel simulcasts the sports radio format of KILT.  The HD-3 subchannel carries a Texas country music format known as "KIKK Country."

Grandfather clause
A grandfather clause, also known as grandfather policy, grandfathering, or being grandfathered in, is a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases. Those exempt from the new rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired rights, or to have been grandfathered in. Frequently, the exemption is limited, as it may extend for a set time, or it may be lost under certain circumstances; for example, a grandfathered power plant might be exempt from new, more restrictive pollution laws, but the exception may be revoked and the new rules would apply if the plant were expanded. Often, such a provision is used as a compromise or out of practicality, to allow new rules to be enacted without upsetting a well-established logistical or political situation. This extends the idea of a rule not being retroactively applied.

A gender-neutral version of the term would be a legacy clause or legacied.
Rand Water Board Building
The Rand Water Board was established in 1903, tasked with supplying the water needed to support mining activities and sanitary living conditions for those living in the developing urban area of Johannesburg.

The Rand Water Board Building extension to the Fraser Street offices was the third in a series of buildings owned and occupied by the Rand Water Board (RWB) of Johannesburg before the relocation to large purpose built modern premises in Rietvlei.

For clarity, this entry details the history and development of each successive building in chronological order. The original Rand Water Board Building of 1925 has been demolished.

Rand Water
Rand Water (previously known as the Rand Water Board) is a South African water utility that supplies potable water to the Gauteng province and other areas of the country and is the largest water utility in Africa. The water is drawn from numerous sources and is purified and supplied to industry, mining and local municipalities and is also involved in sanitation of waste water.
La Tour (surname)
La Tour (as distinct from Latour) is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour (1593–1666), French Governor of Acadia

Georges de La Tour (1593–1652), French Baroque painter

Frances de la Tour (born 1944), English actress

House of La Tour d'Auvergne, French noble family

Henri de la Tour (disambiguation), multiple people
Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon (1636–1721)
Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668–1730)
Louis Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1679–1753), Count of Évreux, builder of Élysée Palace
Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne (1743–1800), French officer under Napoleon

LaTour, stage name of American artist William "Bud" LaTour

Maurice Quentin de La Tour (1704–1788), French Rococo portraitist

Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668–1730)
Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668 – 17 April 1730) was a French nobleman and ruler of the Sovereign Duchy of Bouillon. He was the son of Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne and his wife Marie Anne Mancini. He married four times and had eleven children.
Bandits of El Dorado
Bandits of El Dorado is a 1949 American Western film directed by Ray Nazarro and written by Barry Shipman. The film stars Charles Starrett, George J. Lewis, Fred F. Sears, John Dehner, Clayton Moore and Smiley Burnette. The film was released on October 20, 1949, by Columbia Pictures. This was the forty-first of 65 films in the Durango Kid series.

Ray Nazarro
Ray Nazarro (aka "Ray" and "Nat;" né Raymond Alfred Nazarro; September 25, 1902 – September 8, 1986) was an American film and television director, producer, and screenwriter. Budd Boetticher called him a "ten-day picture guy."
William E. L. Bunn
William E. L. Bunn (1910–2009) was an American artist.

He was born in 1910 in Muscatine, Iowa. He studied with Grant Wood, and received bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Iowa. During the 1930s, he received commissions for post office murals throughout the Midwest, awarded by the Section of Painting and Sculpture.

Works include:

Mural at the Minden United States Post Office (NRHP-listed) completed in 1939.

Mural at United States Post Office and Courthouse (Dubuque, Iowa) (NRHP-listed contributing building)

Mural at the Hickman, Kentucky, post office, NRHP-listed contributing building in Old Hickman Historic District, Hickman, Kentucky

Mural at the Hamburg, Iowa post office

Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque (/dəˈbjuːk/ ⓘ, dəb-YOOK) is a city in Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, and its county seat. The population was 59,667 at the 2020 census. The city lies along the Mississippi River at the junction of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsin Glaciation, resulting in a hilly topography unlike most of the Midwestern United States.

Dubuque is a regional tourist destination featuring the city's architecture, casinos, and riverside location. It is home to five institutions of higher education. While Dubuque has historically been a center of manufacturing, the local economy also includes health care, publishing, and financial service sectors.
2006–07 Arsenal F.C. season
The 2006–07 season was Arsenal Football Club's 15th season in the Premier League and their 81st consecutive season in the top flight of English football. It was the first season in which home matches were played at the over-60,000 capacity Emirates Stadium; the club's former ground Highbury was to be redeveloped as a residential development. Arsenal ended their Premier League campaign in fourth, level on points with third-placed Liverpool but with a marginally lower goal difference. In the League Cup, a competition which offered manager Arsène Wenger the chance to play his younger players, Arsenal reached the final but lost to a relatively experienced Chelsea side. The defeat was followed by exits in the FA Cup to Blackburn Rovers and in the UEFA Champions League to PSV Eindhoven.

Twenty-eight players represented Arsenal in four competitions and there were 18 goalscorers. Arsenal's top goalscorer was Robin van Persie, who scored 13 goals in 31 appearances.

2005–06 FA Premier League
The 2005–06 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th season of the Premier League. It began on 13 August 2005, and concluded on 7 May 2006. The season saw Chelsea retain their title after defeating Manchester United 3–0 at Stamford Bridge towards the end of April. On the same day, West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham City were relegated, joining Sunderland in the Championship for the following season. Chelsea matched the record number of wins they set  the previous season, with 29 wins, albeit with more defeats.
Deqing County, Zhejiang
Deqingⓘ (Chinese: 德清县; pinyin: Déqīng Xiàn)  is a county in the prefecture-level city of Huzhou, in the northwest of Zhejiang province. As of 2020 census, its population was 548,568 all living in the built-up (or metro) area. Deqing is very close to Hangzhou and Shaoxing, so it is becoming de facto a suburb of the two cities. It is being conurbated soon and even a Metro Line is planned in the middle term to link both cities.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Gridded ion thruster
The gridded ion thruster is a common design for ion thrusters, a highly efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion method running on electrical power by using high-voltage grid electrodes to accelerate ions with electrostatic forces.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Catharanthalog
Catharanthalog (CAG) is a non-hallucinogenic serotonin receptor modulator of the ibogalog group related to the iboga alkaloid catharanthine but with a simplified chemical structure. It is known to act as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist. The drug produces analgesic-like effects in a neuropathic pain model in rodents that can be reduced by the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin. Catharanthalog is said to have relatively low blood–brain barrier permeability owing to relatively low lipophilicity. It does not produce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. The drug was first described in the scientific literature by 2025.

Chemical structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA).
Jaworek, Łódź Voivodeship
Jaworek [jaˈvɔrɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czastary, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Czastary, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Wieruszów, and 102 km (63 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów County
Wieruszów County (Polish: powiat wieruszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieruszów, which lies 106 kilometres (66 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 576.22 square kilometres (222.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,336, out of which the population of Wieruszów is 8,759 and the rural population is 33,577.
Miss Diva 2024
Miss Diva 2024 was the 12th edition of the Miss Diva pageant. The edition is officially titled as LIVA Miss Diva 2.0 to signify the substantial changes made to the pageant's format compared to its previous editions.

Andrea Aguilera, Miss Supranational 2023 from Ecuador, crowned Ayushree Malik as Miss Diva Supranational 2025 at the end of the event. She will represent India at the upcoming Miss Supranational 2025 pageant, to be held in June in Poland.

Ketut Permata Juliastrid, the reigning Miss Cosmo 2024, crowned Vipra Mehta as 'Miss Diva Cosmo 2025'. She will represent India at the Miss Cosmo 2025 pageant in Vietnam.

Miss Supranational 2025
Miss Supranational 2025 was the 16th edition of the Miss Supranational pageant, held at the Strzelecki Park Amphitheater in Nowy Sącz, Poland, on 27 June 2025.

Harashta Haifa Zahra of Indonesia crowned Eduarda Braum of Brazil as her successor at the end of the event. This is Brazil's first title in the pageant's history.
Baguinéda-Camp
Baguinéda-Camp is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Kati in the Koulikoro Region of southern Mali. The commune contains 32 villages and in the 2009 census had a population of 58,661. The town lies to the south of the Niger River.

Koulikoro Region
Koulikoro Region (Bambara: ߞߎߟߌߞߏߙߏ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kulikoro Dineja) is a region in western Mali. It is the second administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 90,120 km2. Its capital is the city of Koulikoro.
Çetinkaya Store massacre
The Çetinkaya Store massacre occurred on December 25, 1991, when PKK militants organized an unauthorized demonstration march in Bakırköy, Istanbul. During the event, they hurled Molotov cocktails at targets including Egebank, Kit, Arçelik, Emlak Bank, and the Çetinkaya store. A fire broke out at the store, which was owned by Necati Çetinkaya—the brother of the then-Regional Governor of Emergency—and resulted in the deaths of 12 people, including eight women and one child. In connection with the incident, 47 individuals were arrested, and 14 people were injured.

Major trauma
Major trauma is any injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death. There are many causes of major trauma, blunt and penetrating, including falls, motor vehicle collisions, stabbing wounds, and gunshot wounds. Depending on the severity of injury, quickness of management, and transportation to an appropriate medical facility (called a trauma center) may be necessary to prevent loss of life or limb. The initial assessment is critical, and involves a physical evaluation and also may include the use of imaging tools to determine the types of injuries accurately and to formulate a course of treatment.

In 2002, unintentional and intentional injuries were the fifth and seventh leading causes of deaths worldwide, accounting for 6.23% and 2.84% of all deaths. For research purposes the definition often is based on an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of greater than 15.
Paul C. Paris
Paul Croce Paris (August 7, 1930 - January 15, 2017) was an American academic, engineering consultant and researcher in the field of mechanics and fatigue. He was known particularly for introducing fracture mechanics methods to the aviation industry, and for the empirical Paris' law relating crack growth rate to the amplitude of the stress intensity factor.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.