hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dan I of Denmark
Dan I was the progenitor of the Danish royal house according to Saxo Grammaticus's Gesta Danorum. He supposedly held the lordship of Denmark along with his brother Angul, the father of the Angles in Angeln, which later formed the Anglo-Saxons in England.

Gesta Danorum
Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes") is a patriotic work of Danish history, by the 12th-century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate", literally "the Grammarian"). It is the most ambitious literary undertaking of medieval Denmark and is an essential source for the nation's early history. It is also one of the oldest known written documents about the history of Estonia and Latvia.

Consisting of sixteen books written in Latin on the invitation of Archbishop Absalon, Gesta Danorum describes Danish history and to some degree Scandinavian history in general, from prehistory to the late 12th century. In addition, Gesta Danorum offers singular reflections on European affairs in the High Middle Ages from a unique Scandinavian perspective, supplementing what has been handed down by historians from Western and Southern Europe.
Meaning (psychology)
Meaning is an epistemological concept used in multiple disciplines, such as psychology, philosophy, linguistics, semiotics, and sociology, with its definition depending upon the field of study by which it is being used.

These multidisciplinary uses of the term are not independent and can more or less overlap; each construction of the term meaning can correspond with related constructions in other fields. The logical positivists, for example, associated meaning with scientific verification.

Walter Jackson Freeman III
Walter Jackson Freeman III (January 30, 1927 – April 24, 2016), was an American biologist, theoretical neuroscientist and philosopher who conducted research in rabbits' olfactory perception, using EEG. Based on a theoretical framework of neurodynamics that draws upon insights from chaos theory, he speculated that the currency of brains is primarily meaning, and only secondarily information.

In "Societies of Brains" and in other writings, Freeman rejected the view that the brain uses representations to enable knowledge and behavior.
Ernie Copland
Ernie Copland (14 October 1924 – December 1971) was a Scottish footballer who played for Arbroath, Dundee and Raith Rovers. He was selected for Scotland's 1954 FIFA World Cup squad, but did not travel to the finals and never actually played for the national side.

Although selected for the 22-man squad for the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the Scottish Football Association only budgeted to take 13 players (including only one goalkeeper) to the finals in Switzerland.  Copland was one of the players who stayed at home on reserve, with the likes of Bobby Combe and Jimmy Binning.

Copland was chosen as reserve in the Scottish team for the World Cup qualifiers in 1957, and travelled to Basel (Switzerland), Stuttgart (Germany), and Madrid (Spain), but did not play.

Copland died Elizabeth, South Australia in December 1971, at the age of 47.

Elizabeth, South Australia
Elizabeth is an outer northern suburb of the Adelaide metropolitan area, South Australia, 24 km north of the Adelaide city centre. It is located in the City of Playford. At the 2021 census, Elizabeth had a population of 40,343.

Established in 1955, it was the seat of the former local government body, the old City of Elizabeth, which included Elizabeth as well as the immediately adjacent suburbs on all sides except the west. Although the City of Elizabeth no longer exists, having been amalgamated into the much larger City of Playford in 1997, the term "Elizabeth", in the context of Adelaide, typically refers to the historic municipality and the distinct community therein.
1950 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed doubles
Eric Sturgess and Sheila Summers were the defending champions but Summers did not compete. Sturgess partnered with Louise Brough and they defeated Geoff Brown and Pat Todd in the final, 11–9, 1–6, 6–4 to win the mixed doubles tennis title at the 1950 Wimbledon Championships.

Louise Brough
Althea Louise Brough Clapp (née Brough; March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player. In her career between 1939 and 1959, she won six Grand Slam titles in singles as well as numerous doubles and mixed-doubles titles. At the end of the 1955 tennis season, Lance Tingay of the London Daily Telegraph ranked her world No. 1 for the year.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (abbreviated J Cell Mol Med or JCMM) is a bi-monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell in association with the Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine. The journal focuses on translational medicine, spanning disease-oriented basic research in molecular and cellular biology and pre-clinical investigations into molecular and cellular therapeutics. JCMM publishes both reviews and original research.

JCMM′s 2020 impact factor is 5.310, placing it 31st among the 136 journals tracked in Clarivate Analytics' category "Medicine, Research & Experimental."

JCMM was previously known as Journal of Medicine and Biochemistry.

Translational medicine
Translational medicine (often called translational science, of which it is a form) develops the clinical practice applications of the basic science aspects of the biomedical sciences; that is, it translates basic science to applied science in medical practice. It is defined by the European Society for Translational Medicine as "an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field supported by three main pillars: benchside, bedside, and community". The goal of translational medicine is to combine disciplines, resources, expertise, and techniques within these pillars to promote enhancements in prevention, diagnosis, and therapies. Accordingly, translational medicine is a highly interdisciplinary field, the primary goal of which is to coalesce assets of various natures within the individual pillars in order to improve the global healthcare system significantly.
John Rogers Musselman
John Rogers Musselman (1 December 1890, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – 8 August 1968, Cleveland) was an American mathematician, specializing in algebraic geometry and known for Musselman's theorem.

J. R. Musselman received his A.B. in 1910 from Pennsylvania College and his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1916 under Arthur Byron Coble with thesis A set of eight self-associated points in space. Musselman was a teaching assistant at Gettysburg Academy from 1910 to 1912 and an instructor in mathematics at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1916–1918 and then at Washington University in St. Louis in 1920–1928. He was a professor of mathematics at Western Reserve University from 1928 until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1961.

He was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1936 in Oslo.

The American Mathematical Monthly
The American Mathematical Monthly is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics. It was established by Benjamin Finkel in 1894 and is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Mathematical Association of America. It is an expository journal intended for a wide audience of mathematicians, from undergraduate students to research professionals. Articles are chosen on the basis of their broad interest and reviewed and edited for quality of exposition as well as content. The editor-in-chief is Annalisa Crannell.
The journal gives the Lester R. Ford Award annually to "authors of articles of expository excellence" published in the journal.
Robert Paxton
Robert Owen Paxton (born June 15, 1932) is an American political scientist and historian specializing in Vichy France, fascism, and Europe during the World War II era. He is Mellon Professor Emeritus of Social Science in the Department of History at Columbia University. He is best known for his 1972 book Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, which precipitated intense debate in France, and led to a paradigm shift in how the events of the Vichy regime are interpreted.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.
Reserva Provincial La Payunia
The Reserva Provincial La Payunia (Spanish: La Payunia Provincial Reserve) also known as Payún or Payén is a natural reserve located in the Malargüe Department in the southern part of Mendoza Province, Argentina, about 160 km away from Malargüe city. It was declared as nature preserve in 1988 and has an area of 4,500 km2. La Payunia is home to the many volcanic cones, being noteworthy the Payún Matrú volcano.

Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms. They are built by ejecta from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Volcanic cones are of different types, depending upon the nature and size of the fragments ejected during the eruption. Types of volcanic cones include stratocones, spatter cones, tuff cones, and cinder cones.
Ochoa
Ochoa (Basque: Otxoa or Otsoa) is a Spanish surname of Basque origin common throughout Spain, France, the Americas, and the Philippines. It is a surname of patronymic origin; it was originally a given name in Medieval Spain.

The name originated in the Basque Country and means "the wolf", from the Basque vocabulary word otso/otxo meaning "wolf" (the suffix -a in the Basque language represents the definite article). In Standard Basque, the name is spelled otsoa or otxoa. There was also a female given name Ochanda (meaning "female wolf", cf. the elegant tower in the old quarter of Vitoria-Gasteiz named after Ochanda, proper name of the daughter of a man responsible for revamping the tower in the 16th century) and Ochotorena or Otxotorena, meaning "son of Ochoto" (literally "small wolf"). The Spanish equivalent of this Basque given name was Lope, also appearing in the names of Gascon lords in the High Middle Ages.

Basque Country (greater region)
The Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays basque; Occitan: Pais Basco) is the name given to the home of the Basque people. The Basque Country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay.

Encompassing the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France, the region is home to the Basque people (Basque: Euskaldunak), their language (Basque: Euskara), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has upheld a denial of government funding to school books that include the Navarre community within the Basque Country area.
Vicente Navas Fonseca
Vicente Navas Fonseca (1837 – 1892) was a Nicaraguan statesman, educator, and government minister, remembered for his role in advancing Nicaragua's public education system and for his cultural and political influence during the 19th century. Notably, he was President of the Chamber of Deputies of Nicaragua from 1889-1890. He was a member of the Conservative Party of Nicaragua.

Conservative Party (Nicaragua)
The Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador) was a conservative political party in Nicaragua. Its slogan was "Dios, Orden, Justicia" (lit. 'God, Order, Justice'), often depicted on the three sides of a triangle.
Top Chef: Chicago
Top Chef: Chicago is the fourth season of the American reality television series Top Chef. It was first filmed in Chicago, Illinois before concluding in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The season premiered on Bravo on March 12, 2008, and ended on June 18, 2008. In the season finale, Stephanie Izard was declared the winner over runners-up Lisa Fernandes and Richard Blais. Izard was also voted Fan Favorite.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
1872 Wick Burghs by-election
The 1872 Wick Burghs by-election occurred on 28 February 1872. The by-election was contested due to the Resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, George Loch.  It was won by the Liberal candidate John Pender.

George Loch
George Loch (1811 – 18 August 1887) was a Scottish Liberal Party politician. He was elected as the member of parliament (MP) for Wick at the 1868 general election, but resigned his seat on 6 February 1872 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.
Jay Allen Sanford
Jay Allen Sanford (born February 18, 1960) is an American author and cartoonist best known for his work with Revolutionary Comics, Carnal Comics, and Pacific Comics. He began writing the comic book Rock 'N' Roll Comics (created by Todd Loren) in 1989 as of the title's second issue, and still oversees the rock comic reprints published by Bluewater Productions and others. The publishing company he co-founded, Carnal Comics, is best known for launching the movie and cartoon character Demi the Demoness. Sanford ran Carnal Comics from 1994 through 2000, before handing over the publishing reins to SS Crompton.

Sanford has been a columnist and cartoonist for the San Diego Reader since 1994, writing articles and drawing two weekly comic strips: "Overheard in San Diego" and "Famous Former Neighbors".

Ginger Lynn
Ginger Lynn Allen (born December 14, 1962) is an American pornographic actress and model who was a premier adult-entertainment star of the 1980s. She also had minor roles in various B movies. Adult Video News ranked her at #7 of the 50 greatest porn stars of all time in 2002. After ending her pornography career, she began using her full name and found work in a variety of B-movies. She returned to the adult industry and appeared in pornographic movies throughout the 2000s. Allen is a member of AVN, NightMoves, XRCO, and Urban X Halls of Fame.
Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District
Lubbock-Cooper Independent School District (LCISD) is a 5-A school district located south of the city of Lubbock, Texas, United States, centered on the small community of Woodrow. School colors are red and black, and the mascot is the Fighting Pirates. According to the Fast Growth School Coalition, Lubbock-Cooper ISD is the second fastest-growing school district in Texas.

Lubbock-Cooper is located in southern Lubbock County. A portion of the city of Lubbock lies within its boundaries. It is bordered by Lubbock ISD to the north, Frenship ISD to the west, Slaton ISD to the east, and New Home ISD to the south. Lubbock-Cooper is considered one of the premier school districts in the Lubbock area. Approximately 6,000 students are enrolled at Lubbock-Cooper ISD

In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

Lubbock County, Texas
Lubbock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 census placed the population at 310,639. Its county seat and largest city is Lubbock. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1891. It is named for Thomas Saltus Lubbock, a Confederate colonel and Texas Ranger (some sources give his first name as Thompson).

Lubbock County, along with Crosby County, and Lynn County, is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The Lubbock MSA and Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing only Hockley County, form the larger Lubbock–Levelland Combined Statistical Area.
Yong-dae
Yong-dae is a romanized Korean given name. This romanization can correspond to different Hangul names, including Korean: 용대; RR: Yongdae and Korean: 영대; RR: Yeongdae. Notable people with this given name include:

Lee Yong-dae (born 1988), professional badminton player

Kim Yong-dae (footballer) (born 1979), South Korean former football goalkeeper

Kim Yong-dae (politician) (born 1937), North Korean politician

Kim Yong-dae (politician)
Kim Yong-dae (Korean: 김영대, born 12 December 1937) is a North Korean politician. He is the chairman of the National Reconciliation Council. He was the leader of the Korean Social Democratic Party from 1998 to 2019.
2011 IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge
The 2011 IAAF Hammer Throw Challenge was the second edition of the annual, global series of hammer throw competitions organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations. The winners were Krisztián Pars of Hungary (239.03 metres) and Betty Heidler of Germany (228.09 metres). Heidler retained her title from 2010, making her the first athlete to win the series twice. Both the final scores were records for the challenge.

A total of nine meetings featured on the circuit, with six women's and seven men's contests spread across those events. The point scoring format was cumulative – the final standings were decided by the sum of athletes' three best throws on the circuit. Only the best throw by an athlete from each meet was taken into consideration.

Krisztián Pars
Krisztián Pars (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkristiaːn ˈpɒrʃ]; born 18 February 1982) is a Hungarian hammer thrower. He competed at the Summer Olympics in 2004, 2008, and 2012, winning the gold medal in 2012. He also won the 2012 and 2014 European championships.
Watty Graham's GAC, Glen
Watty Graham's Gaelic Athletic Club, Glen (Irish: An Ghleann), is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club based outside Maghera in the south of County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. Players are drawn from Maghera and some surrounding townlands. The club competes in Gaelic football, ladies' Gaelic football and camogie.

Derry Intermediate Football Championship
The Derry Intermediate Football Championship (currently also known for sponsorship reasons as the M&L Contracts Derry Intermediate Football Championship) is an annual competition between the mid-tier Gaelic football clubs affiliated to Derry GAA.
King of Thieves (soundtrack)
King of Thieves (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the 2018 film King of Thieves directed by James Marsh, starring Michael Caine, Tom Courtenay, Michael Gambon, Charlie Cox, Jim Broadbent, Paul Whitehouse and Ray Winstone. The film score is composed by Benjamin Wallfisch and released through Milan Records on 14 September 2018.

King of Thieves (2018 film)
King of Thieves is a 2018 British heist film directed by James Marsh. The film is based on the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary of 2015, and stars Michael Caine, Tom Courtenay, Michael Gambon, Charlie Cox, Jim Broadbent, Paul Whitehouse and Ray Winstone.
Bascanichthys myersi
Bascanichthys myersi is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Albert William Herre in 1932. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the western central Pacific Ocean, including Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, in the Philippines.

Named in honor of Stanford University ichthyologist George S. Myers (1905–1985), who was the one who first noticed an undeveloped pectoral fin at the posterior margin of each gill opening of the fish.

Albert William Herre
Albert William Christian Theodore Herre (September 16, 1868 – January 16, 1962) was an American ichthyologist and lichenologist. Herre was born in 1868 in Toledo, Ohio. He was an alumnus of Stanford University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in botany in 1903. Herre also received a master's degree and a Ph.D. from Stanford, both in ichthyology. He died in Santa Cruz, California in 1962.
Adams mammoth
The Adams mammoth, also known as the Lensky mammoth, is the first woolly mammoth skeleton with skin and flesh still attached to be recovered by scientists. The mostly complete skeleton and flesh were discovered in 1799 by Ossip Shumachov, an Evenki hunter, in Mys Bykov  (near Bykovsky, Sakha Republic, Russia), a northeastern Arctic Siberian peninsula on the Lena river delta. The remains were subsequently recovered in 1806, when Russian botanist Mikhail Adams journeyed to the location and collected them.

Evenki people
The Evenki, or Tungusy, are a Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 38,396 (2010 census). In China, the Evenki form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of 34,617 (2020 census). There are 537 Evenki in The Country of Mongolia (2015 census), called Khamnigan in the Mongolian language.
Zingem
Zingem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzɪŋɛm]) is a village and former municipality located in the Belgian province of East Flanders. The municipality comprised the towns of Huise, Ouwegem and Zingem proper. In 2018, the municipality of Zingem had a total population of 7,552. The total area is 23.93 km2.

Effective 1 January 2019, Kruishoutem and Zingem merged into the new municipality of Kruisem.

Home to the Meuleken 't Dal - This is one of the smallest windmills in East Flanders and once owned by the Ghent Sint-Pietersabdij. The province made the mill turn and grind again.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Lili Marlene (aircraft)
The Lili Marlene, also known as the Lily Marline, was a Douglas C-47 Skytrain that crashed at Mount Makaturing, near Dansalan, Lanao, Philippines. All 17 people on board were killed. Among those on board, were high-ranking Philippine Government Officials, including Colonel Edwin Andrews, Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC, later Philippine Air Force) and the Board of Directors of the National Land Settlement Administration (NSLA) (now known as the Department of Agrarian Reform), including the Chairman of the NSLA and President of the Philippine Sugar Association, Rafael Alunan Sr. This was the first recorded air accident of the Philippine Air Force.

Rafael Jalandoni
Rafael Ledesma Jalandoni (October 24, 1894 – ?) was a Philippine Constabulary officer who served as the 3rd Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. He was appointed by President Manuel Roxas in 1946 after gaining independence from United States. He retired in 1948.