hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xiaolin–Lishan railway
The Xiaolin–Lishan railway (Chinese: 小厉铁路) is a single-track railway line in Suizhou, Hubei, China. It is 70 kilometres (43 mi) long and opened at the end of 2005. The line was electrified in the mid-2010s. The line has been used for non-stop passenger services, but there are no passenger stations.

At its northern terminus near Xiaolin, it meets the Nanjing–Xi'an railway. At its southern terminus near Lishan, the line meets the Hankou–Danjiangkou railway.

Glossary of rail transport terms
Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.

Various terms, both global and specific to individual countries, are listed here. The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.
Körte
The surname Körte may have two etymologies. The word literally means "pear" in Hungarian and may be an occupational surname for a fruit grower or seller. It may also be a  Westphalian version for "Kurt". Notable people with this surname include:

Alfred Körte (1866–1946), German philologist

Franz Körte (1782–1845), German natural and agricultural scientist

Gustav Körte (1852–1917), German archeologist

Peter Körte (1896–1947), Wehrmacht general

Siegfried Körte, the namesake of the Körte-Oberlyzeum

Werner Körte (1853–1937), German surgeon

Kurt
Kurt is a male given name in Germanic languages. Kurt originated as short forms of the Germanic Konrad/Conrad, depending on geographical usage, with meanings including counselor or advisor. Like Conrad, it can also be a surname and less uncommon variations in Germanic languages including Cord, Curd, Cordt, Curth, Kord, Kort, Kurth, and Kurtu.

In Turkish, Kurt means "wolf" and is a surname and less commonly a given name in numerous Turkic countries.
Pinhay
Pinhay is a hamlet in the civil parish of Combpyne Rousdon in the East Devon district of Devon, England. The hamlet lies approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west from Lyme Regis, its nearest town.

Pinhay is home to Pinhay Bay, a large face of cliffs which lies along the Jurassic Coast. To the eastern side of Pinhay Bay are the Ware Cliffs, which also gives its name from its hamlet.

East Devon
50°40′44″N 3°14′20″W﻿ / ﻿50.679°N 3.239°W﻿ / 50.679; -3.239

East Devon is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in the town of Honiton, although Exmouth is the largest town. The district also contains the towns of Axminster, Budleigh Salterton, Cranbrook, Ottery St Mary, Seaton and Sidmouth, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Teignbridge and the City of Exeter to the west, Mid Devon to the north, Somerset to the north-east, and Dorset to the east.

Two parts of the district are designated as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: the Blackdown Hills in the north of the district and the East Devon AONB along the district's coast and adjoining areas. The East Devon coastline from Exmouth to the border with Dorset is also part of the designated World Heritage Site of the Jurassic Coast; the designated area continues into Dorset as far as the Old Harry Rocks near Swanage.
1893 New York state election
The 1893 New York state election was held on November 7, 1893, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate, and delegates to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894.

New York State Treasurer
The New York State Treasurer was a state cabinet officer in the State of New York between 1776 and 1926. During the re-organization of the state government under Governor Al Smith, the office was abolished and its responsibilities transferred to the new Department of Audit and Control headed to the New York State Comptroller.
Sven Ole Fagernæs
Sven Ole Fagernæs (born 12 March 1945) is a Norwegian jurist and civil servant who was Attorney General of Norway from 1993 to 2015.

Sven Ole Fagernæs was born in Oslo and got a cand.jur. degree from the University of Oslo in 1972.

He worked for the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1973 to 1976 and in that period also shortly worked as a junior judge at the Indre Sogn magistrate. In 1976 he started working for the Office of the Attorney General of Norway. He became assistant Attorney General of Norway in 1987.

He was the Attorney General of Norway from 1993 to 2015, except for a period from 1998 to 2001 when he was acting permanent under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Justice. He was also acting governor of Svalbard in 2005.

He became a commander of the Order of St. Olav in 2004.

Ministry of Justice and Public Security
The Royal Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Norwegian: Det kongelige justis- og beredskapsdepartement) is a Norwegian government ministry that oversees justice, the police, and domestic intelligence. The main purpose of the ministry is to provide for the maintenance and development of the basic rule of law.  An overriding objective is to ensure the security of society and of individual citizens. The ministry was founded in 1818 and currently employs about 400 people in the central government department. Its subordinate agencies include the Norwegian Police Service, the Norwegian Correctional Service, the Norwegian Police Security Service, the Norwegian Prosecuting Authority, the Judiciary of Norway, and the Directorate of Immigration, and employ around 30,000 people. The Ministry of Justice of Norway oversees the administration of justice in Svalbard.
Theresa Two Bulls
Theresa B. "Huck" Two Bulls (Oglala Sioux) (October 23, 1949 – November 21, 2020) was a Native American attorney, prosecutor and politician of the Oglala Sioux Tribe. In 2004 she was elected as Democratic member of the South Dakota Senate, representing the 27th district, the first American Indian woman to be elected to the state legislature.  She served until 2008. That year Two Bulls was elected as president of the Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, the second woman to serve in this position. She served one term, which was two years.

In elective office, Two Bulls particularly worked to develop stronger relationships between tribal and local and state governments. She also served on a United States Department of Justice task force to develop guidelines for and implementation of a study to reduce violence against Indian women. In 2015 she was secretary-treasurer of the National Congress of American Indians.

National Congress of American Indians
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is an American Indian and Alaska Native rights organization. It was founded in 1944 to represent the tribes and resist U.S. federal government pressure for termination of tribal rights and assimilation of their people. These were in contradiction of their treaty rights and status as sovereign entities. The organization continues to be an association of federally recognized and state-recognized Indian tribes.
2011 Guzzini Challenger
The 2011 Guzzini Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Recanati, Italy between 25 and 31 July 2011.

Fabrice Martin
Fabrice Martin (French pronunciation: [fabʁis maʁtɛ̃]; born 11 September 1986) is a French professional tennis player and coach. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 228 on 23 July 2012, and his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 19 on 24 April 2023.
Majaa
Majaa (transl. Fun) is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film directed by Shafi and produced by Rockline Venkatesh. It is a remake of the director's own Malayalam film Thommanum Makkalum (2005). The film stars Vikram, Asin, and Pasupathy, while Manivannan, Vadivelu, Vijayakumar, Biju Menon (in his Tamil debut), Murali, and Abu Salim (reprising his role from the original) play supporting roles. The music was composed by Vidyasagar. It tells the story of two adopted children changing from their old, mischievous ways of life.

Manivannan
Manivannan  (31 July 1953 – 15 June 2013) was an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, voice artist, playback singer and social activist who worked in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he went from being a story and dialogue writer for director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and directed exactly 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian, supporting character and villainous roles.

He supported various political parties, including the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, both active in the state of Tamil Nadu. He later became affiliated with the Naam Tamilar Katchi. He had also long been a supporter of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.
Muhammad M. Hussain
Muhammad Mustafa Hussain is an electronics engineer specializing in CMOS technology-enabled low-cost flexible, stretchable and reconfigurable electronic systems. He was a professor in King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and University of California, Berkeley, and is a currently an electrical and computer engineering professor at Purdue University. He is the principal investigator (PI) at Integrated Nanotechnology Laboratory, and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Laboratory. He is also the director of the Virtual Fab: vFabLab™ (https://vFabLab.org).

Principal investigator
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.

A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
Soběslav
Soběslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsobjɛslaf] ⓘ; German: Sobieslau) is a town in Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,100 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Waylla Q'awa
Waylla Q'awa Aymara waylla Stipa obtusa, a kind of feather grass, q'awa little river, ditch, crevice, fissure, gap in the earth, "stipa brook" or "stipa ravine", also spelled Huaylla Khaua) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, west of the Uyuni salt flat. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Daniel Campos Province, Llica Municipality, Canquella Canton.

Llica Municipality
Llica Municipality is the first municipal section of the Daniel Campos Province in the Potosí Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Llica.

The municipality is situated on the western side of the Salar de Uyuni bordering Tahua Municipality. To the north it is bordered by the Oruro Department, to the south by the Nor Lipez Province and to the west by Chile.
The Gospel Truth Choir
The Gospel Truth Choir is a Scottish choir which performs a wide variety of music in a gospel style. Originally formed by Tracey Braithwaite and a group of friends in 2007 for the wedding of BAFTA-winning composer Paul Leonard-Morgan, they were soon regularly performing in recording studios and on stage, as well as being a feature of many wedding ceremonies.

Ricky Ross (musician)
Richard Alexander Ross (born 22 December 1957) is a Scottish musician. He is lead singer of pop-rock band Deacon Blue. Alongside his discography with Deacon Blue, Ross has released a number of solo albums: his first, So Long Ago, was released in 1984.
Luis Pérez Meza
Ignacio Pérez Meza (22 May 1917 – 9 June 1981), better known as Luis Pérez Meza or El Trovador del Campo, was a Mexican singer, boxer and actor. He was a singer of banda and ranchera music, he also appeared in several films of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.

Pérez Meza's holiday home in Mazatlán, Sinaloa served briefly as museum and cultural center.

Ranchera
Ranchera (pronounced [ranˈtʃeɾa]) or canción ranchera is a genre of traditional music of Mexico. It dates to before the years of the Mexican Revolution. Rancheras today are played in the vast majority of regional Mexican music styles. Drawing on rural traditional folk music, the ranchera developed as a symbol of a new national consciousness in reaction to the aristocratic tastes of the period.
HMS Upholder
Two Royal Navy submarines have been named HMS Upholder.

The first HMS Upholder (P37), launched in 1940, was a U-class submarine. She served in World War II. Her captain was Lieutenant Commander David Wanklyn, who received the Victoria Cross whilst in command of the vessel.  HMS Upholder was the most decorated submarine in the British fleet. She was sunk off the coast of Sfax in North Africa by the Italian torpedo boat Pegaso in April 1942.

The second HMS Upholder (S40), launched in 1986 and named after the first, was the lead ship of her class of submarines.

HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879)
HMCS Chicoutimi is a Victoria-class long-range hunter-killer (SSK) submarine of the Royal Canadian Navy, originally built and operated by the Royal Navy as HMS Upholder. Shortly after being handed over by the United Kingdom to Canada, she was involved in a partial flooding incident which resulted in a fire at sea. The incident sparked a fierce debate over the value of the purchase of this group of second-hand vessels, as well as the handover inspection process. The subsequent investigation "determined the fire was caused by human, technical and operational factors, [and] the board cleared the commanding officer and crew of any blame." The submarine was repaired and entered Canadian service in 2015.
Gerald Early
Gerald Lyn Early (born April 21, 1952) is an American essayist and American culture critic. He is currently the Merle Kling Professor of Modern letters, of English, African studies, African-American studies, American culture studies, and Director, Center for Joint Projects in the Humanities and Social Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.

He also served as a consultant on Ken Burns' documentary films Baseball, Jazz, Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson, The War, and Muhammad Ali. He is a regular commentator on NPR's Fresh Air.  His essays have appeared in numerous editions of The Best American Essays series. He writes on topics as diverse as American literature, the Korean War, African-American culture, Afro-American autobiography, non-fiction prose, baseball, jazz, prizefighting, Motown, Miles Davis, Muhammad Ali and Sammy Davis Jr.

In 2024, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Muhammad Ali (miniseries)
Muhammad Ali is a 2021 four-part documentary miniseries about Muhammad Ali. The series was directed by Ken Burns, Sarah Burns, and David McMahon.

The documentary had its premiere at the 48th Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2021. It later premiered on PBS on September 19, 2021.
The Tenderfoot (band)
The Tenderfoot is an English indie rock band featuring members Darren Moon (also of the Modern Ovens), Gavin Moon, Russell Prior, Joel Gibson and Marc Beatty of Brakes.

The band has released two albums to date: Vale Industrial in 2004 and Save The Year in 2005 both on Sony BMG's 5:15 label.

The Tenderfoot's debut was well received, with plays on BBC Radio 1, London's Xfm and 6Music

Members of the band are also associated with acts such as Brakes and The Modern Ovens.

The Tenderfoot also featured on a 2006 Qmagazine compilation Mellow Gold alongside Evan Dando, I Am Kloot and Elliott Smith and on a British Sea Power B-Side for the song "A Lovely Day Tomorrow".

In 2008, the song "People are the Problem" was featured on the Independents Day ID08 compilation album.

Bertelsmann Music Group
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) was a division of a German media company Bertelsmann before its relaunch and completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Sony Corporation of America on 1 October 2008.

Although it was established in 1987, the music company was formed as RCA/Ariola International in 1985 as a joint venture to combine the music label activities of RCA's RCA Records division and Bertelsmann's Ariola Records and its associated labels which include Arista Records. It consisted of the BMG Music Publishing company, the world's third largest music publisher and the world's largest independent music publisher and (since August 2004) the 50% share of the joint venture with Sony Music, which established the German American Sony BMG from 2004 to 2008.
Kareti
Kareti  is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Rapti Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1808 people living in 380 individual households.

Rapti Zone
Rapti Zone (Nepali: राप्ती अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones, located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.  It was named after the West Rapti River which drains Rolpa, Pyuthan and part of Dang districts. The remainder of Dang and part of Salyan district are drained by the Babai.  The remainder of Salyan and all of Rukum districts are drained by the Bheri.

The headquarters of Rapti were Tulsipur and the largest city was Tribhuvannagar (Ghorahi). Other main cities and towns of Rapti zone were Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijuwar, Liwang, Lamahi, Musikot, Rukumkot (Shova), and Chaurjahari.
Neasura
Neasura is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. The genus was first described by George Hampson in 1900.

Some species are:

Neasura apicalis (Walker, 1854)

Neasura buruana van Eecke 1929

Neasura circumducta Pagenstecher 1900

Neasura gyochiana Matsumura 1927

Neasura hypophaeola Hampson, 1900

Neasura nigroanalis Matsumura 1927

Neasura pellucida de Joannis 1928

Neasura rufescens Rothschild 1912

Neasura taprobana Hampson, 1907

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Stewart Peak (Colorado)
Stewart Peak, elevation 13,983 ft (4,262 m), is a summit in Colorado. The peak is the second highest thirteener (a peak between 13,000 and 13,999 feet in elevation) in the state.  It is located in the La Garita Mountains, sub-range of the San Juan Mountains, in Saguache County, within the La Garita Wilderness.  Stewart Peak is the 55th highest peak in Colorado by most standard definitions, just missing the list of Colorado fourteeners.  At one time, the peak's elevation was measured to be over 14,000 ft and it was believed to be a fourteener, but more recent and accurate surveys have dropped it below that threshold.

Fourteener
In the mountaineering parlance of the Western United States, a fourteener (also spelled 14er) is a mountain peak with an elevation of at least 14,000 ft (4267 m). The 96 fourteeners in the United States are all west of the Mississippi River. Colorado has 53 fourteeners, the most of any single state. Alaska has 29, the second most of any single state. Many peak baggers try to climb all fourteeners in the contiguous United States, or in one particular state, or in another region.
Communauté de communes Le Dunois
The communauté de communes Le Dunois is located in the Cher  département  of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It was created in January 2001. Its seat is Dun-sur-Auron. Its area is 335.7 km2, and its population was 7,507 in 2018.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
Tyyne Salomaa
Tyyne Siviä Salomaa (née Eriksson; 4 April 1891 – 26 February 1938; name as Soviet citizen Тюне Генриховна Саломаа) was a Finnish seamstress and politician. Born in Kuorevesi, she was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1916 to 1917. During the Finnish Civil War in 1918, she sided with the Reds and after the defeat of the Red side went into exile in Soviet Russia. She joined the Communist Party of Finland (SKP) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and settled in the Karelian ASSR, where she worked as a teacher at a party school, as the director of an orphanage and in other functions. As one of the victims of the Great Purge, she was expelled from the Communist Party on 23 October 1937, arrested by the NKVD on 17 January 1938, sentenced to death and shot in Petrozavodsk on 26 February 1938. She was posthumously rehabilitated (exonerated) by Soviet authorities in 1957.

Communist Party of Finland
The Communist Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Swedish: Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communist political party in Finland. The SKP was a section of Comintern and illegal in Finland until 1944.

The SKP was banned by the state from its founding and did not participate in any elections with its own name. Instead, front organisations were used. In the 1920s, the communists took part in the Socialist Workers' Party of Finland (1920–1923) and the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (1924–1930). Both of them were also banned. In 1944, a new front, the Finnish People's Democratic League was formed. The SKP controlled these fronts but they always had a prominent minority of non-communist socialists.