hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Sapolsky
Robert Morris Sapolsky (born April 6, 1957) is an American academic, neuroscientist, and primatologist. He is the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Professor at Stanford University and is a professor of biology, neurology, and neurosurgery. Sapolsky's research has focused on neuroendocrinology, particularly relating to stress. He is also a research associate with the National Museums of Kenya.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
IRAS 23389+0300
IRAS 23389+0300 is an ultraluminous infrared galaxy located in the constellation of Pisces. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.145 and it was first discovered in 1971 in the Parkes Catalogue of Radio Sources survey. With its total luminosity estimated to be 2.3 x 1012 Lʘ, it is one of the most powerful infrared galaxies and a known radio galaxy. This object has also been described as a Type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

Parkes Catalogue of Radio Sources
The Parkes Catalogue of Radio Sources, also known as the Parkes Southern Radio Source Catalog, consists of 8264 astronomical radio sources, mostly south of declination +27. The catalogue was mostly compiled by John Bolton and his colleagues for 20 years. Both the Molonglo 408-MHz survey and the 80-MHz Culgoora measurements of Slee et al have contributed to the usefulness of the catalogue. For now, the catalogue only contains sources originally found in the Parkes 2700-MHz survey. The catalogue contains radio sources that have a frequency range of 80 - 22,000 MHz.
Duchess Stakes
The Duchess Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is open to three-year-old fillies. Held during the first part of August, it is contested over a distance of 7 furlongs on Polytrack synthetic dirt. It currently offers a purse of $96,363 with an additional $50,000 for Ontario-bred horses. Previously a Grade III race, it lost its graded status in 2006.

Inaugurated in 1956 at Fort Erie Racetrack, the Duchess Stakes has also been hosted by Toronto's Greenwood Raceway. Since inception the race has been run at various distances:

8.5 furlongs (1+1⁄16 miles) : 1956-1966 and 1970-1979 at Fort Erie Racetrack, 1967 at Greenwood Raceway, 1969 at Woodbine Racetrack, 1+1⁄16 miles; Fort Erie; main track

8 furlongs (1 mile) : 1968 at Greenwood Raceway

7.5 furlongs : 2006 at Woodbine Racetrack

7 furlongs : 1980-2005 and since 2007 at Woodbine Racetrack

Fort Erie Race Track
Fort Erie Race Track is a horse racing facility in Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada, that opened on June 16, 1897. The racetrack is often referred to as "the border oval" because of the track's proximity (barely a mile) to the U.S. border. Its most important race is the Prince of Wales Stakes, the second leg of the Canadian Triple Crown.
Bob Gain
Robert Gain (June 21, 1929 – November 14, 2016) was an American professional football player for 13 seasons with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL), and also played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played in five Pro Bowls in the space of seven years with the Browns and was a first-team All-Pro selection once and a second-team selection seven times.

Gain played tackle, middle guard, and end and was standout defender at tackle, end, and middle guard. Cleveland led the NFL in many defensive categories in his 12 years and the Browns won 2⁄3 of their games and three championships during his career.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
1878 Londonderry County by-election
The 1878 Londonderry County by-election was fought on 18 December 1878.  The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, Richard Smyth.  It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Thomas McClure.

Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency)
Londonderry was a parliamentary constituency in Northern Ireland represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, as well as a constituency in elections to various regional bodies. It was replaced in boundary changes in 1983. Londonderry returned two MPs (1801–1885) and later one (1922–1983).
Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site
The Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) Radar Bomb Scoring AUTOTRACK radar station. It was Formerly Used Defense Site I04GA0575. Detachment 3 of the 10th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron had begun "Statesboro Bomb Plot" operations by June 1963.

In addition to a Reeves AN/MSQ-39 Bomb Scoring Central with Fresnel antenna, during the Vietnam War the station used a Soviet T2A radar with 2 radomes for simulating surface-to-air missile tracking to train/exercise aircraft crews in electronic countermeasures (electronic warfare).

Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.
Gyeongju Seop clan
Gyeongju Seop clan (Korean: 경주 섭씨; Hanja: 慶州 葉氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their Bon-gwan is in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province. According to the research held in 2000, the number of Gyeongju Seop clan's member was 285. Their founder was Seop Gong je who worked as a Counsellor Remonstrant (Hanja: 諫議大夫) and Hanlin Academy in Song dynasty. Seop Gong je exiled himself to Goryeo expecting confliction and was settled in Damyang County located in Jeolla Province. Then, Gojong of Goryeo gave a government post to Seop Gong je. Seop Gong je retired his active life in Gangneung located in Gangwon Province (historical) via Gyeongju in Gyeongsang Province because enemies in Yuan dynasty came near him. A descendant of Seop Gong je founded Gyeongju Seop clan and made Damyang County Gyeongju Seop clan's Bon-gwan because Damyang County was the first place he was settled in.

Hanlin Academy
The Hanlin Academy was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century Tang China by Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. It has also been translated as "College of Literature" and "Academy of the Forest of Pencils."

Membership in the academy was confined to an elite group of scholars, who performed secretarial and literary tasks for the court. One of its primary duties was to decide on an interpretation of the Chinese classics. This formed the basis of the Imperial examinations, which aspiring government bureaucrats had to pass to attain higher-level government posts. Painters working for the court were also attached to the academy.
Piperies
Piperies (Greek: Πιπεριές, before 1926: Μπίτζιο Μαχαλά – Bitzio Machala Macedonian: Биџова Маала) is a village in Pella regional unit, Macedonia, Greece.

Piperies had 481 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Piperies was populated by a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the Greek–Turkish population exchange, and Slavophones. The Macedonian language was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it. Pontic Greek was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it. Turkish was spoken by people over 60, mainly in private.

Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
Slavic speakers are a minority population in the northern Greek region of Macedonia, who are mostly concentrated in certain parts of the peripheries of West and Central Macedonia, adjacent to the territory of the state of North Macedonia. Their dialects are called today "Slavic" in Greece, while generally they are considered Macedonian. Some members have formed their own emigrant communities in neighbouring countries, as well as further abroad.
8th Rajputs
The 8th Rajputs was an infantry battalion of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1798 when they were the 1st Battalion, 30th Bengal Native Infantry. Over the years the regiment became known by a number of different titles. The 59th Bengal Native Infantry 1824–1861, the 8th Bengal Native Infantry 1861–1897, the 8th (Rajput) Bengal Infantry 1897–1901, the 8th Rajput Infantry 1901–1903 and finally the 8th Rajputs after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army. During this time the regiment took part in the First Afghan War, the First Sikh War and World War I. After World War I the Indian Government reformed the Indian Army again, moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. The 8th Rajputs now became the 4th Battalion, 7th Rajput Regiment. After Indian gained independence in 1947, this was one of the regiments allocated to the new Indian Army.

First Anglo-Sikh War
The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British Empire from 1845 to 1846 around the Firozpur district of Punjab. It resulted in the defeat and partial subjugation of the Sikh Empire and cession of Jammu & Kashmir as a separate princely state under British suzerainty.
Martin Tomanovits
Martin Tomanovits (15 October 1940 – 18 April 2008) was a Hungarian born, Australian rower. He was a five-time national champion, represented at two World Rowing Championships and at the 1962 Commonwealth Games and the 1964 Tokyo Olympics in the men's eight.

Rowing at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's eight
The men's eight event was a rowing event conducted as part of the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was held from 12 to 15 October at the Toda Rowing Course. There were 14 boats (126 competitors) from 14 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by the United States, returning the top of the podium after losing their eight-Games winning streak with a fifth-place finish in 1960; it was the nation's 11th overall victory in the men's eight. The defending champions, the United Team of Germany, took silver; the Germans defeated the United States in the opening round but lost the rematch in the final after the Americans advanced through the repechage. Czechoslovakia repeated as bronze medalists.
Sirayil Sila Raagangal
Sirayil Sila Raagangal (transl. A few melodies in prison) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Rajendrakumar, starring Murali, Pallavi and Prathap Pothan. It was released on 17 October 1990, during Diwali.

Pratap Pothen
Pratap Pothen (13 August 1952 – 15 July 2022) was an Indian actor and filmmaker who acted in about 100 films and directed 12 films. He worked predominantly in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. He also worked as a scriptwriter and producer for films.
Camuropiscis
Camuropiscis is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia.  The species of Camuropiscis had a flattened, elongated snout that may have aided in enhancing its hydrodynamic streamlining.

Gogo Formation
The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a Lagerstätte that exhibits exceptional preservation of a Devonian reef community. The formation is named after Gogo Station, a cattle station where outcrops appear and fossils are often collected from, as is nearby Fossil Downs Station.
Stany Delayre
Stany Delayre (born 26 October 1987 in Bergerac) is a French rower. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed with Jérémie Azou in the men's lightweight double sculls, finishing in 4th place.  On home water, he and Azou won the 2015 World Championship in that event.  Their team also won the silver medal at the 2014 World Championships, and won the 2013, 2014 and 2015 European Championships.  In 2009, Delayre was part of the French men's lightweight quadruple sculls time at the World Championships.  He was also part of the French under-23s men's lightweight quadruple sculls at the 2006 and 2007 Junior World Rowing Championships.

Delayre was not picked for the French team at the 2016 Olympics, after he was beaten by the younger rower Pierre Houin in the individual sculls at the French national trials.

Bergerac, Dordogne
Bergerac (French pronunciation: [bɛʁʒəʁak] ⓘ; Occitan: Brageirac [braˈzɛjra]) is a subprefecture of the Dordogne department, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Southwestern France. With a population of 27,110 (2023), it is the department's second-most populated commune after the prefecture Périgueux. Located on the banks of the river Dordogne, Bergerac was designated a Town of Art and History by the Ministry of Culture in 2013.
Royal Academy Exhibition of 1831
The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1831 was an art exhibition held between 2 May and 16 July at Somerset House in London It was the annual Summer Exhibition of the Royal Academy of Arts. Today it is best remembered for intensifying the developing rivalry between John Constable and J.M.W. Turner.

David Wilkie (artist)
Sir David Wilkie RA (18 November 1785 – 1 June 1841) was a Scottish painter, especially known for his genre scenes. He painted successfully in a wide variety of genres, including historical scenes, portraits, including formal royal ones, and scenes from his travels to Europe and the Middle East.  His main base was in London, but he died and was buried at sea, off Gibraltar, returning from his first trip to the Middle East. He was sometimes known as the "people's painter".

He was Principal Painter in Ordinary to King William IV and Queen Victoria. Apart from royal portraits, his best-known painting today is probably The Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch of 1822 in Apsley House.
Edoardo Prettner Cippico
Edoardo Prettner Cippico (10 October 1905–7 April 1983) was an Italian Catholic priest and official in the Vatican Secret Archive who was imprisoned in 1948 on charges of financial crimes, and later revealed to have spied for the Soviet Union. The Cippico scandal embarrassed the Vatican and the Catholic Church in the buildup to the 1948 general election in which the leftist Popular Democratic Front presented a strong challenge to the Catholic-aligned Christian Democracy government.

Popular Democratic Front (Italy)
The Popular Democratic Front (Italian: Fronte Democratico Popolare), shortened name of the Popular Democratic Front for Freedom, Peace, Labour (Italian: Fronte Democratico Popolare per la libertà, la pace, il lavoro), was a left-wing political coalition in Italy. Formed in December 1947 by the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), it contested the 1948 Italian general election.
Lupe Wong Won't Dance
Lupe Wong Won't Dance, also published as Lupe Wong No Baila, is a middle-grade sports novel written by Donna Barba Higuera. The book was illustrated by Mason London, translated to Spanish by Libia Brenda, and published on September 8, 2020 by Levine Querido. It is a Junior Library Guild selection, a Pura Belpré Award honor book, and PNBA Book Award winner.

Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award
The Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award, also known as the Pacific Northwest Book Award (PNBA), is an annual award presented by the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association to recognize "excellence in writing" from the American Pacific Northwest. First awarded in 1964, the awards require that the author and/or illustrator reside within the five-state PNBA region (Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) and that the book be published within the current calendar year. Past recipients include Chuck Palahniuk, Dana Simpson, Kim Barnes, Erik Larson, E.J. Koh, Karl Marlantes, Timothy Egan, Kathleen Flenniken, Donna Barba Higuera, Jonathan Raban and Lidia Yuknavitch.
Eyal Landesman
Eyal Landesman (Hebrew: אֵיַאל לַנְדְסְמַן) is an Israeli artist and social activist, known for being co-founder and artistic director of International Photography Festival as well as founder and director of a non-profit organization PHOTO IS:RAEL.

Local Testimony
Local Testimony (Hebrew: Edut Mekomit) is the annual exhibition for photojournalism and documentary photography in Israel, displayed since 2003. The exhibition presents selected images documenting central events that occurred in the region in the fields of news, society and community, religion and faith, culture and urbanism, nature and environment, and sports. Israeli and Palestinian photographers participate in the exhibition, as well as foreign photographers based in Israel. Since 2009, the exhibition has been held at MUZA – Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv, attracting tens of thousands of visitors annually.
Hoàng Minh Tâm
Hoàng Minh Tâm (born 28 October 1990) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a central midfielder for V.League 2 club Trường Tươi Bình Phước. Between 2014 and 2015, Minh Tâm was a member of the Vietnam national football team.

V.League 2
The Vietnamese National Football First League (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá hạng Nhất Quốc gia, lit. 'National First Division Football League'), known simply as the V.League 2 and for sponsorship purposes as the Gold Star V.League 2, is the second-highest league of the Vietnamese football league system after the V.League 1, and is currently contested by 14 clubs. The current holders are Phu Dong Ninh Binh, who won the 2024–25 season.
Baughapokharathok
BoughaPokharathok is a village development committee in Palpa District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2238 people living in 432 individual households.

Palpa District
Palpa District (Nepali: पाल्पा जिल्लाListenⓘ, a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Tansen as its headquarters, covers an area of 1,373 km2 (530 sq mi) and has a population (2021) of  245,027.

Palpa District is not far from Pokhara and easily reached by bus.  Palpa was the seat of the Hindu Sen kingdom that ruled over this region from the 16th century for almost 300 years so the headquarter of Palpa is called "Tansen" (Nepali: तानसेन).
Joojo Rocky Obeng
Joojo Rocky Obeng  (born 1981) is a Ghanaian politician, financial analyst, chief executive officer of the International Settlement Consortium who served as a former regional minister of Western North Region in 11 March 2021.

Financial analyst
A financial analyst is a professional undertaking financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core feature of the job. The role may specifically be titled securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, or ratings analyst. The job title is a broad one:
In banking, and industry more generally, various other analyst-roles cover financial management and (credit) risk management, as opposed to focusing on investments and valuation.
Structural evil
Structural evil or systemic evil is evil which arises from structures within human society, rather than from individual wickedness or religious conceptions such as original sin. One example of structural evil within a society would be slavery.

Structural evil arises within human societies because of the way humans act. Multiple individuals have commented and theorized on the subject of structural evil. Among these early thinkers are Rousseau and Robespierre. However, more modern thinkers on this subject are Thomas Nagel, Claudia Card, Cynthia D. Moe-Lobeda, and John Langan.

Wickedness
Wickedness is generally considered a synonym for evil or sinfulness. Among theologians and philosophers, it has the more specific meaning of a profound evil committed consciously and of free will. It can also be considered the quality or state of being wicked.

As characterized by Martin Buber in his 1952 work Bilder von Gut und Böse (translated as Good and Evil: Two Interpretations), "The first stage of evil is 'sin,' occasional directionlessness. Endless possibility can be overwhelming, leading man to grasp at anything, distracting and busying himself, in order to not have to make a real, committed choice. The second stage of evil is 'wickedness,' when caprice is embraced as a deformed substitute for genuine will and becomes characteristic."  Wickedness connotes blameworthiness.
A. J. Lawson
Anthony Randolph "A.J." Lawson (born July 15, 2000) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Raptors 905 of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the South Carolina Gamecocks.

Raptors 905
The Raptors 905 are a Canadian professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Mississauga, and are affiliated with the Toronto Raptors. Raptors 905 began play in the 2015–16 season and play their home games at Paramount Fine Foods Centre, replacing the centre's former basketball tenant, the Mississauga Power of the National Basketball League of Canada. The team regularly plays approximately 2 to 4 home games at the Scotiabank Arena, the home of their parent club, the Toronto Raptors. The Raptors 905 is the eighth NBA G League team to be owned by an NBA team and the first NBA G League team to be located outside of the United States.

The name "905" refers to the local area code of the suburban Greater Toronto Area, and is a common shorthand referring to the suburbs surrounding Toronto.
Michael Marai
Michael Marai (1948 – November 3, 2021) was a Papua New Guinean Roman Catholic prelate and bishop emeritus of Goroka. He served as the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Goroka from 1988 until in 1994.

Marai was born in 1948 on Mushu Island, Territory of Papua and New Guinea, in present-day East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. He was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest on December 6, 1976. He was appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Goroka on October 25, 1988. Marai served as the bishop until he stepped down on November 15, 1994.

Marai died from cancer at the Wirui Retirement House in Wewak, Papua New Guinea, on November 3, 2021, at the age of 73. His funeral mass was held at the Wirui Sound Shell in Wirui on November 16, 2021. He was buried in Wirui Cemetery alongside other PNG bishops, including Leo Arkfeld and Cherubim Dambui.

Leo Arkfeld
Leo Clement Andrew Arkfeld (born in 1912 in Butte, Nebraska) was an American clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wewak.

He was appointed bishop of Wewak in 1948, and Archbishop of Madang in 1975 until his retirement in 1987. He died in 1999.