hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Badar Al-Maimani
Badar Mubarak Saleh Al-Maimani (Arabic: بَدْر مُبَارَك صَالِح الْمَيْمَنِيّ; born 16 July 1984), commonly known as Badar Al-Maimani, is an Omani Memon football manager and a former footballer who is the current second assistant manager of Fanja SC in Oman Professional League.

Arabian Gulf Cup
The Arabian Gulf Cup (Arabic: كأس الخليج العربي, Kaʾs al-Khalīj al-ʿArabī), also referred to simply as the Gulf Cup, is a biennial association football competition governed by the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation for its eight member nations. The history of the competition has also seen it held every three to four years due to political or organisational problems. The reigning champions are Bahrain, who won their second title at the 26th edition.
16 Carriages
"16 Carriages" is a song by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her eighth studio album, Cowboy Carter. It serves as the album's joint lead single alongside "Texas Hold 'Em". The song was a surprise release and debuted during Super Bowl LVIII on February 11, 2024, through Parkwood Entertainment and Columbia Records.

"16 Carriages" is a country ballad about growing up and the relationship between parents and their children. Various music critics praised the song for its musical expression and Beyoncé's melodious vocals. At the 67th Annual Grammy Awards it was nominated for Best Country Solo Performance. Commercially the song debuted at number nine on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart, becoming Beyoncé's second top-ten entry.

Parkwood Entertainment
Parkwood Entertainment is an American management, production, entertainment company and record label founded by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé in 2008. The company began as a production unit for films and videos in 2008. It has offices located in New York City and Los Angeles, complete with recording studios, film editing suites, and a vault/archive. Its involvements include products for music production, motion pictures and television specials related to Beyoncé. Its debut projects were co-executive-produced films Cadillac Records and Obsessed.
Borgfelde
Borgfelde (German pronunciation: [bɔʁkˈfɛldə] ⓘ) is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Hamburg-Mitte. It is located on the northern border of the borough adjacent to the borough of Hamburg-Nord. It is a more densely populated area, approximately 2 km from Hamburg city centre. With a size of around 0.9 square kilometers it is one of the smallest quarters of Hamburg.

Hamburg-Nord
Hamburg-Nord (German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊʁk ˈnɔʁt], "Hamburg North") is one of the seven boroughs of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, in northern Germany. In 2020, according to the residents registration office, the population was 315,514 in an area of 57.5 km2.
P(doom)
In AI safety, P(doom) is the probability of existentially catastrophic outcomes (so-called "doomsday scenarios") as a result of artificial intelligence. The exact outcomes in question differ from one prediction to another, but generally allude to the existential risk from artificial intelligence.

Originating as a shorthand for communication in the rationalist community and among AI researchers, the term came to prominence in 2023 following the release of GPT-4, as high-profile figures such as Geoffrey Hinton and Yoshua Bengio began to warn of the risks of AI. In a 2023 survey, AI researchers were asked to estimate the probability that future AI advancements could lead to human extinction or similarly severe and permanent disempowerment within the next 100 years. The mean value from the responses was 14.4%, with a median value of 5%.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
Biola, California
Biola is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,427 at the 2020 census, down from 1,623 at the 2010 census. Biola is located 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northeast of Kerman, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m).

Kerman, California
Kerman (formerly Collis) is a city at the intersection of State Route 180 and State Route 145 in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 16,016 at the 2020 census. Kerman is located 15 miles (24 km) west of Fresno, at an elevation of 220 feet (67 m).
2000 Wideyes Swedish Open – Doubles
David Adams and Jeff Tarango were the defending champions, but lost in first round to Pablo Albano and Sebastián Prieto.

Nicklas Kulti and Mikael Tillström won the title by defeating Andrea Gaudenzi and Diego Nargiso 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Andrea Gaudenzi
Andrea Gaudenzi (Italian pronunciation: [anˈdrɛːa ɡauˈdɛntsi]; born 30 July 1973) is an Italian former tennis player and the current chairman of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) since January 2020.
Sanjay Seth (Jharkhand politician)
Sanjay Seth (born 25 August 1959; Hindi pronunciation: [sən.d͡ʒəj seːʈʰ]) is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party who serves as the Minister of State for Defence in the Modi Government. He is a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Ranchi, Jharkhand since 2019.

Ranchi Lok Sabha constituency
Ranchi Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 14 Lok Sabha (parliamentary)  constituencies in Jharkhand state in eastern India. This constituency covers parts of Seraikela Kharsawan and Ranchi districts.
Christopher W. Morris
Christopher Warren Morris (born June 7, 1949) is professor and chair of philosophy at the University of Maryland, where he is also a member of the Faculty of Politics, Philosophy, and Public Policy.

His main research areas are moral, legal and political philosophy as well as practical rationality.

Practical reason
In philosophy, practical reason is the use of reason to decide how to act. It contrasts with theoretical reason, often called speculative reason, the use of reason to decide what to believe. For example, agents use practical reason to decide whether to build a telescope, but theoretical reason to decide which of two theories of light and optics is the best.
Tha Block Is Hot
Tha Block Is Hot is the debut studio album by American rapper Lil Wayne. It was released on November 2, 1999, by Universal Records and Bryan "Baby" Williams' Cash Money Records. The recording sessions took place at Cash Money Studios in Metairie, Louisiana, with the executive production from Bryan "Baby" Williams and Ronald "Slim" Williams. The album was produced by Mannie Fresh. It was intended to be titled I Ride at Night.

Ronald "Slim" Williams
Ronald Jay "Slim" Williams (born November 11, 1964) is an American entrepreneur and record executive who co-founded the record label Cash Money Records in 1991, along with his younger brother, rapper Bryan "Birdman" Williams. He has served as executive producer for most of the label's major releases since 1997. In contrast to his brother, he has not been credited on any musical production or performance.
McGillin's Olde Ale House
McGillin's Olde Ale House is a tavern in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. McGillin's is the oldest continuously operating bar in Philadelphia and one of the oldest in the United States. It opened in 1860 - the year Lincoln was elected president. It is located on Drury Street, an alley connecting 13th Street and South Juniper Street, between Chestnut and Sansom streets, in Center City.

Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)
Chestnut Street is a major historic street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was originally named Wynne Street because Thomas Wynne's home was there. William Penn renamed it Chestnut Street in 1684. It runs east–west from the Delaware River waterfront in downtown Philadelphia through Center City and West Philadelphia. The road crosses the Schuylkill River on the Chestnut Street Bridge. It serves as eastbound Pennsylvania Route 3 between 63rd and 33rd Streets.

Stratton's Tavern was located on Chestnut Street near Sixth Street. When the citizens of Philadelphia were afraid that the British might attack the essentially unmanned Fort Mifflin, the secretary of the Young Men's Democratic Society called a meeting held at Stratton's Tavern at Chestnut and Sixth Streets on March 20, 1813. The young men agreed to volunteer their services to defend the fort.
The Crooked Hinge
The Crooked Hinge is a mystery novel (1938) by detective novelist John Dickson Carr.  It combines a seemingly impossible throat-slashing with elements of witchcraft, an automaton modelled on Maelzel's Chess Player, and the story of the Tichborne Claimant. It was dedicated to fellow author Dorothy Sayers "in friendship and esteem".

In a poll of 17 detective story writers and reviewers, this novel was voted as the fourth best locked room mystery of all time. The Hollow Man also by John Dickson Carr was voted the best.

Johann Nepomuk Maelzel
Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (or Mälzel; August 15, 1772 – July 21, 1838) was a German inventor, engineer, and showman, best known for manufacturing a metronome and several music-playing automatons and displaying a fraudulent chess machine. He worked with Beethoven to compose a piece of music for one of his inventions.
Aromatic-amino-acid—glyoxylate transaminase
In enzymology, an aromatic-amino-acid-glyoxylate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.60) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an aromatic amino acid + glyoxylate  an aromatic oxo acid + glycine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic amino acid and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are aromatic oxo acid and glycine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is aromatic-amino-acid:glyoxylate aminotransferase.

Glyoxylic acid
Glyoxylic acid or oxoacetic acid is an organic compound. Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids.  It is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially.
Scaly sand darter
The scaly sand darter (Ammocrypta vivax) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the southeastern United States. It is found in the coastal plain area of the Mississippi River basin, typically in medium-sized streams with slow currents over sandy substrates where it feeds on midge larvae and other small invertebrates. The slender body is semi-translucent, yellowish with a dozen or so dark bars. This fish has a wide range and is relatively common, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as a "least-concern species".

Perch
Perch is a common name for freshwater fish from the genus Perca, which belongs to the family Percidae of the large order Perciformes. The name comes from Greek: πέρκη, romanized: perke, meaning the type species of this genus, the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

Many species of freshwater game fish more or less resemble perch, but belong to different genera. In fact, the exclusively saltwater-dwelling red drum (which belongs to a different order Acanthuriformes) is often referred to as a "red perch", though by definition perch are freshwater species. Though many fish are referred to as perch as a common name, to be considered a true perch, the fish must be of the family Percidae.

The earliest fossil remains of Perca are known from the Middle Miocene of Ukraine.
State Highway 79 (New Zealand)
State Highway 79 (SH 79) is a New Zealand state highway connecting the South Canterbury communities of Rangitata, Geraldine, and Fairlie. Starting at State Highway 1 the highway is 61 kilometres in length and runs in a general east–west direction. 6.3 km of the highway through Geraldine runs concurrently with the Inland Scenic Route (), formerly State Highway 72. The road is a two-lane single carriageway, with a one-lane bridge crossing the Orari River.

It is an important tourist highway, and forms part of the most direct route between Christchurch and the Mackenzie Country, Aoraki / Mount Cook and Queenstown/Wānaka.

South Canterbury
South Canterbury is the area of the Canterbury Region of the South Island of New Zealand bounded by the Rangitata River in the north and the southern catchment boundary of the Waitaki River (the border with the Otago Region) to the south. The Pacific Ocean and ridge of the Southern Alps form natural boundaries to the east and west respectively. Though the exact boundaries of the region have never been formalised, the term is used for a variety of government agencies (e.g., the South Canterbury District Health Board) and other entities (such as the South Canterbury provincial rugby team). It is one of four traditional sub-regions of Canterbury, along with Mid Canterbury, North Canterbury, and Christchurch city.
Janma Janmada Anubandha
Janma Janmada Anubandha (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language thriller drama film directed, co-produced and scripted by Shankar Nag. The film has an ensemble cast including Anant Nag, Shankar Nag, Jayanthi, Jayamala and Manjula.

Manjula (Kannada actress)
Honnenhalli Shivanna Manjula (8 November 1954 – 12 September 1986) was an Indian actress who acted in predominantly Kannada language films in addition to Tamil (credited as Kumari Manjula) and Telugu films (credited as Kannada Manjula). She was one of the most successful and prominent actresses of Kannada films in the 1970s and 1980s. She acted in more than 100 films and won several awards for her performances,  including a Filmfare Award.
Koh Puos
Koh Puos or Kaoh Puos (Khmer: កោះពស់), Snake Island - named "Île Coudée" (Elbow Island) during the French colonial period) is a small island in the Gulf of Thailand, located about 0.63 km (0 mi) off the coast of Sihanoukville city in southern Cambodia. It is administered by Sangkat 3 of Mittakpheap District in Sihanoukville Province.

The island has been made accessible via a road bridge, completed in 2011 as part of a development initiative of the Russian Koh Puos Investment Group (KPIG). A long term government concession granted in 2006 was followed by large scale planning of "a high-end property project". Since, a number of project alterations and subsequent applications for permission at the Council of the Development of Cambodia have led to many delays.

Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum
The first Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum (CDCF), a restructured format for the Consultative Group (CG) meeting, was held in Phnom Penh on June 19–20, 2007.  The CDCF was chaired by the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) with the World Bank as the Lead Donor Facilitator.  The theme for 2007 was "Progress in Implementing the National Strategic Development Plan 2006-2010".
Johannes Võmma
Johannes Võmma (19 August 1900 Kuivajõe Parish (now Kose Parish), Harrien County – 7 March 1945) was an Estonian politician and soldier in the Estonian Defence Forces. He was a member of IV Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 14 March 1932. He replaced Paul Männik. He also served as the mayor of Raikküla.

Following the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Võmma was arrested by SMERSH counter-intelligence authorities on 13 October 1944. Võmma was accused of being hostile towards the Soviet Union and having organized the Omakaitse at the Germans' orders in Raikküla rural municipality and acted as its chief. On 3 January 1945, the Military Tribunal of the Leningrad Front sentenced Võmma to death and the execution was carried out by gunshot on 7 March 1945. Võmma was aged 44.

Estonian Defence Forces
The Estonian Defence Forces, EDF (Estonian: Eesti Kaitsevägi), is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists of the Estonian Land Forces, the Estonian Navy, the Estonian Air Force, and the paramilitary Estonian Defence League. The national defence policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and maintain the integrity of its land area, territorial waters, airspace, and constitutional order. Its main goals remain the development and maintenance of a credible capability to defend the nation's vital interests and of the defence forces in a way that ensures their interoperability with the armed forces of NATO and European Union member states in order to participate in the full range of missions for these military alliances.
Plate scale
The plate scale of a telescope connects the angular separation of an object with the linear separation of its image at the focal plane.

If focal length f is measured in millimeters, the plate scale in radians per millimeter is given by angular separation θ, and the linear separation of the image at the focal plane s, or by simply the focal length f:

since

Plate scale is usually expressed in arcseconds per millimeter:

where f is in mm,
or expressed in arcseconds per pixel after further division through the pixel scale.

Cardinal point (optics)
In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size, location, and orientation are completely determined by the locations of the cardinal points. For simple cases where the medium on both sides of an optical system is air or vacuum, four cardinal points are sufficient: the two focal points and either the principal points or the nodal points. The only ideal system that has been achieved in practice is a plane mirror, however the cardinal points are widely used to approximate the behavior of real optical systems. Cardinal points provide a way to analytically simplify an optical system with many components, allowing the imaging characteristics of the system to be approximately determined with simple calculations.
Middle Island (Warrnambool)
Middle Island is a small (c. 2 ha), rocky island lying close to the shore of south-western Victoria, Australia, in Stingray Bay next to the city of Warrnambool.  It is a wildlife sanctuary that is home to breeding colonies of Australian little penguins (Eudyptula novaehollandiae) and short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris). It is closed to general public access because of the low penguin population.

Short-tailed shearwater
The short-tailed shearwater or slender-billed shearwater (Ardenna tenuirostris), also called yolla or moonbird, and commonly known as the muttonbird both in early Australia and in New Zealand, is the most abundant seabird species in Australian waters, and is one of the few Australian native birds in which the chicks are commercially harvested. It is a migratory species that breeds mainly on small islands in Bass Strait and Tasmania and migrates to the Northern Hemisphere for the boreal summer.
Baden-Baden (horse)
Baden-Baden (1874 – date of death unknown) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 1877 Kentucky Derby. He was bred by A. J. Alexander at his Woodburn Stud in Woodford County, Kentucky. Baden-Baden was sired by Australian (GB) (who in turn was sired by West Australian, first horse to win the English Triple Crown in 1853); his dam, Lavender, was sired by Wagner.  He was purchased at Woodburn's yearling sale by Kentucky horseman Daniel Swigert, from Elmendorf Farm.

Woodford County, Kentucky
Woodford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,871. Its county seat is Versailles. The area was home to Pisgah Academy. Woodford County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the center of the Bluegrass region of Kentucky.
The History of Rock 'n' Roll
The History of Rock 'n' Roll is a ten episode television documentary mini-series produced by Time-Life. It originally aired on the Prime Time Entertainment Network from March to May in 1995. All parts were later released on VHS, DVD, and reran on TLC and VH1, the latter which showed all ten parts in the last 10 weeks of the year 1999 on Friday night as part of a countdown to the year 2000. 
The series covers Rock Music from the 1950s to the 1990s and features over 200 exclusive interviews with many well-known artists and other music industry figures.

Coincidentally in the same year as "The History of Rock 'n' Roll" first screened another 10-part documentary series, "Rock & Roll" (aka "Dancing in the Street" in the UK), was co-produced for PBS and the BBC, and which also covered the background of rock music.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
CSX Indic character set
The CSX Indic character set, or the Classical Sanskrit eXtended Indic Character Set, is used by LaTeX represent text used in the Romanization of Sanskrit. It has no association with American railroad company CSX Transportation. It is an extension of the CS Indic character set, and is based on Code Page 437. An extended version is the CSX+ Indic character set. Michael Everson made a font in this character set for the Macintosh.

Devanagari transliteration
Devanagari transliteration is the process of representing text written in Devanagari script—an Indic script used for Classical Sanskrit and many other Indic languages—in the Latin script, preserving pronunciation and spelling conventions. There are several methods of transliteration from Devanagari to the Latin script (i.e., romanisation), including the IAST notation. Romanised Devanagari is also called Romanagari.
SS President Taylor
President Taylor was a cargo-liner, ex President Polk, ex Granite State, requisitioned for war service in December 1941 and allocated by the War Shipping Administration (WSA) to the U.S. Army and operating as a troopship in the Pacific Ocean in World War II when grounded and eventually lost on 14 February 1942.

United States Shipping Board
The United States Shipping Board (USSB) was a corporation established as an emergency agency by the 1916 Shipping Act (39 Stat. 729), on September 7, 1916. The United States Shipping Board's task was to increase the number of US ships supporting the World War I efforts. The program ended on March 2, 1934.
Maine-et-Loire's 3rd constituency
The 3rd constituency of Maine-et-Loire (French: Troisième circonscription de Maine-et-Loire) is a French legislative constituency in the Maine-et-Loire département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using a two round electoral system.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).