hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jason Mbote
Jason Mbote (born 5 January 1977) is a Kenyan athlete who specializes in long distance, especially half marathon and marathon distances.

On 4 May 2003 Mbote won the 25 km in Berlin in a time of 1:15.07. In 2005 he was just one second behind his compatriot Robert Cheboror(1:03.36) in the Egmond Half Marathon. Later that year he won the Great Scottish Run in Glasgow (21.1 km) and was second in the Frankfurt Marathon in 2:08.30.

In 2006, Jason triumphed with a victory at the Zwolle Half Marathon in a time of 1:02.24. In 2006 he was also second in the Seoul International Marathon in March and won the JoongAng Seoul Marathon in November. In 2007 he finished fifth in the Seoul Marathon and sixth in the Amsterdam Marathon. In March 2008 he set his personal best for the marathon in Seoul with a time of 2:07:37. In 2006, 2009 and 2010 he again won the Great Scottish Run and finished second in the 2011 event in a time of 1:01:58, five seconds behind Haliu Mekonnen.

Frankfurt Marathon
The Frankfurt Marathon (official name as of 2016: Mainova Frankfurt Marathon, until 2015: BMW Frankfurt Marathon, until 2010: Commerzbank Frankfurt Marathon) is a marathon which has taken place nearly every year in Frankfurt am Main since its inception in 1981. It is the longest-established city marathon in Germany and in terms of the number of finishers, Germany's second-largest.  It is organised by the agency motion events.
Gross substitutes
The term gross substitutes is used in two slightly different meanings:

In microeconomics, two commodities  and  are called gross substitutes, if . I.e., an increase in the price of one commodity causes people to want strictly more of the other commodity, since the commodities can substitute each other (bus and taxi are a common example).

In auction theory and competitive equilibrium theory, a valuation function is said to have the gross substitutes (GS) property if for all pairs of commodities: . I.e., the definition includes both substitute goods and independent goods, and only rules out complementary goods. See Gross substitutes (indivisible items).

Auction theory
Auction theory is a branch of applied economics that deals with how bidders act in auctions and researches how the features of auctions incentivise predictable outcomes. Auction theory is a tool used to inform the design of real-world auctions. Sellers use auction theory to raise higher revenues while allowing buyers to procure at a lower cost. The confluence of the price between the buyer and seller is an economic equilibrium. Auction theorists design rules for auctions to address issues that can lead to market failure. The design of these rulesets encourages optimal bidding strategies in a variety of informational settings. The 2020 Nobel Prize for Economics was awarded to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."
D. C. Schindler
David Christopher ("D. C.") Schindler (born 1970) is an American philosopher and translator, specializing in metaphysics, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of religion, and moral and political philosophy. Son of the theologian David L. Schindler, his work falls in the broadly Neoplatonic tradition, though he is also associated with Thomism, certain strains of German Idealism, and the Communio/Ressourcement school of theology. He is a professor of metaphysics and anthropology at the Pontifical John Paul II Institute in Washington, D.C.

Nouvelle théologie
The Nouvelle théologie (English: New Theology) is an intellectual movement in Catholic theology that arose in the mid-20th century. It is best known for Pope John XXIII's endorsement of its closely associated ressourcement (French for return to the sources) idea, which shaped the events of the Second Vatican Council. It existed most notably among certain circles of French and German theologians.

The nouveaux théologiens (new theologians) sought "a spiritual and intellectual communion with Christianity in its most vital moments as transmitted to us in its classic texts, a communion which would nourish, invigorate, and rejuvenate twentieth-century Catholicism." Many of the theologians associated with the movement advocated for a far broader "return to the sources" of the Christian faith: namely, Scripture and the writings of the Church Fathers. They also developed a renewed interest in particulars of biblical exegesis, typology, art, literature, and mysticism.
Woodingdean Water Well
The Woodingdean Water Well is the deepest hand-dug well in the world, at 390 metres (1,280 ft) deep. It was dug to provide water for a workhouse.

Work on the well started in 1858, and was finished four years later, on 16 March 1862. It is located just outside the Nuffield Hospital in Woodingdean, in Brighton and Hove, England, United Kingdom.

Brighton and Hove
Brighton and Hove (/ˈbraɪtən ... ˈhoʊv/ BRY-tən … HOHV) is a city and unitary authority area, ceremonially in East Sussex, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of Brighton and Hove in the district. It is administered by Brighton and Hove City Council, which is currently under Labour majority control.

The two resorts, along with Worthing and Littlehampton in West Sussex, make up the second most-populous built-up area of South East England, after South Hampshire. In 2014, Brighton and Hove City Council and other nearby councils formed the Greater Brighton City Region local enterprise partnership area.
Trout Lake (Warren County, New York)
Trout Lake is located west of Bolton, New York. Fish species present in the lake are brook trout, rainbow trout, splake, lake trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, pickerel, yellow perch, smelt, rock bass, rainbow smelt, brown trout and brown bullhead. There is a carry down trail on the northeast shore via trail off Lamb Hill Road. There is a 50 horsepower motor limit on this lake. It is called Trout Lake due to the high numbers of lake trout and rainbow trout that are found in the lake. It is also shaped like a trout.

Rock bass
The rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), also known as the rock perch, goggle-eye, red eye, and black perch, is a freshwater fish native to east-central North America. This red-eyed fish is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) of order Centrarchiformes and can be distinguished from other similar species by the six spines in the anal fin (other sunfish have only three anal fin spines).
Pure-J Openweight Championship
The Pure-J Openweight Championship (Japanese: PURE-J認定無差別級王座, Hepburn: PURE-J Nintei Musabetsu Kyūōza) is a women's professional wrestling championship owned by the Pure-J promotion. The championship, which is situated at the top of Pure-J's championship hierarchy, was introduced on October 9, 2017, when Hanako Nakamori defeated Manami Katsu in the finals of a 12-woman tournament to become the inaugural champion. Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match.

There have been a total of seventeen reigns shared between nine different wrestlers. Hanako Nakamori is the current champion in her sixth reign.

Professional wrestling championship
In professional wrestling, a championship or title is a recognition promoted by professional wrestling organizations. Championship reigns are determined by professional wrestling matches, in which competitors are involved in predetermined rivalries; these narratives create feuds between the various competitors, which usually cast them as either faces (heroes), heels (villains), or more rarely tweeners (morally ambiguous). The bookers in a company, who decide the winners and where the storyline goes, will place the title on the most accomplished performer or the one they believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership.
Vićentije Krdžić
Vićentije Krdžić (secular name Vasilije Krdžić; 30 January 1853 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 1915) he was the third Serbian metropolitan of the Eparchy of Skoplje. He fell victim to the Bulgarians at the end of 1915.

Ovčar-Kablar Gorge
The Ovčar-Kablar Gorge (Serbian: Овчарско-кабларска клисура, Ovčarsko-kablarska klisura) is a gorge in the western part of central Serbia, in the part of the composite valley of the West Morava river, within the geographical region of Šumadija. With over 30 monasteries built in the gorge since the 14th century, it is known as the "Serbian Mount Athos".

In 2001, the area was declared a natural monument, and protected as the Ovčar-Kablar Gorge landscape of outstanding features.
Ruyi, Shaoshan
Ruyi Town (simplified Chinese: 如意镇; traditional Chinese: 如意鎮; pinyin: Rúyì Zhèn) is an urban town in Shaoshan City, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China. It borders Datunying to the northeast, Shaoshan Township to the south, Yanglin Township to the west, and Yongyi Township and Yintian Town to the east. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 15,100 and an area of 33.85 square kilometres (13.07 sq mi).

Yintian, Shaoshan
Yintian Town (simplified Chinese: 银田镇; traditional Chinese: 銀田鎮; pinyin: Yíntián Zhèn) is a rural town in Shaoshan City, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China. As of the 2000 census it had a population of 19,560 and an area of 28 square kilometres (11 sq mi).
Abu'l-Fath Yusuf
Abu'l-Fath Yusuf ibn Ya'qub (Persian: ابوالفتح یوسف بن یعقوب), was a Persian vizier of the Ghaznavid Sultan Arslan-Shah. Not much is known about the early life of Abu'l-Fath, except that he may have been the brother of Ghaznavid statesman Abu'l-Ala ibn Ya'qub Nakuk. In 1116, Abu'l-Fath was appointed by Arslan-Shah as his vizier, where Abu'l-Fath became highly influential and gained much power. However, this was short-lived; one year later, Arslan-Shah's brother Bahram-Shah, with the aid of the Seljuq Sultan Ahmad Sanjar, defeated and killed Arslan-Shah, and Bahram-Shah then took control over the Ghaznavid Empire. Abu'l-Fath fell from favor after Arslan-Shah's death, and probably shared the same fate as the latter.

Ahmad Sanjar
Ahmad Sanjar (Persian: احمد سنجر; full name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah) (6 November 1086 – 8 May 1157) was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until 1118, when he became the Sultan of the Seljuq Empire, which he ruled until his death in 1157.
Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.

Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. These research procedures are designed for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis or understanding of disease symptoms.

Clinical research is different from clinical practice: in clinical practice, established treatments are used to improve the condition of a person, while in clinical research, evidence is collected under rigorous study conditions on groups of people to determine the efficacy and safety of a treatment.
Broad Mountain (Lehigh Valley)
Broad Mountain or Broad Ridge in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in Carbon County and Schuylkill County in Pennsylvania is a steep-faced, anthracite-bearing barrier ridge just south of both Beaver Meadows and Weatherly, north of Nesquehoning and west and south of the Lehigh River basin west of the southwest border of the Poconos. The mountain ridge line is mostly flat and looks very similar to the man-made piles of culm in the region from the roads and towns looking up.

Barrier ridge
The terms barrier ridge, a term of art in the earth sciences, especially geology and sometimes barrier range (more common as a geography term) describing the existence of gross landforms describing long ridgelines which are particularly difficult to pass, especially in the context of being on foot or dependent upon other forms of animal powered transportation systems, in mountainous and sometimes hilly terrains.

Barrier ridges such as the steep rising slopes or escarpments of the Allegheny Front, separating the ridge-and-valley Appalachians from the drainage divides of the uplands of the Appalachian Plateau. The ridge and valley region is filled with a succession of nearly impassible ridges from Northern Georgia, along the Appalachian chain all the way to Maine.
2025 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Todi – Doubles
Ivan and Matej Sabanov were the defending champions but lost in the quarterfinals to Arjun Kadhe and Vijay Sundar Prashanth.

Filippo Romano and Jacopo Vasamì won the title after defeating Daniel Cukierman and Johannes Ingildsen 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Arjun Kadhe
Arjun Kadhe (Marathi: अर्जुन कढे; born 7 January 1994) is an Indian tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 76 achieved on 28 October 2024. He also has a career high singles ranking of No. 328 achieved on 27 August 2018. 
Kadhe has won one doubles ATP Tour title. He also won 4 ITF Tour singles and 6 ATP Challenger Tour and 7 ITF doubles titles.
Friedrich Guggenberger
Friedrich Guggenberger (6 March 1915 – 13 May 1988) was a German admiral, who in his earlier career was a U-boat commander in the Second World War. From November 1940 until his capture in July 1943, he was credited with sinking 17 ships for a total of 66,848 gross register tons (GRT) and damaging another for 6,003 GRT. He sank the British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal in November 1941. For these achievements he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. After the war he became the Deputy Chief of Staff in the NATO command Allied Forces Northern Europe.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.
UW Medical Center – Northwest
UW Medical Center – Northwest (formerly Northwest Hospital & Medical Center) is a 281-bed hospital in Seattle, Washington. It was built in 1960 and became part of the UW Medicine system in 2010. Prior to the merger, a 1997 agreement had already made Northwest the home for a UW Medicine cardiac surgery program.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Jalen Nailor
Jalen Rasheed Nailor (born March 2, 1999), nicknamed "Speedy", is an American professional football wide receiver for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Robert Shedden Scrimgeour
Robert Shedden Scrimgeour (31 January 1788 – 29 May 1863) was a Scottish aristocrat who claimed, as the eldest male heir of his line, to be the hereditary standard bearer of Scotland. Scrimgeour was a stockbroker and member of Lloyd's of London.

In 1826, Scrimgeour married Margaret, eldest daughter of James Wilson, professor of anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons, London. Margaret died on 26 June 1884. They had children Janet (youngest daughter), who died aged 50 on 28 November 1882 and an only son, Charles James, who died 8 July 1893.

The Scrimgeours were resident at Totteridge, Hertfordshire, for many years and also had a home at 25 Mortimer Street in London.

Scrimgeour died 29 May 1863 and is buried at St Andrew's church, Totteridge.

Totteridge
Totteridge is a residential area and former village in the London Borough of Barnet, England. It is a mixture of suburban development and open land (including some farmland) situated 8 miles (13 km) north north-west of Charing Cross. It is part of the Whetstone postal district (N20).

It gives its name to a ward in the borough and to the St Andrew, Totteridge ecclesiastical parish of the Diocese of St Albans.
Josiah Burr Plumb
Josiah Burr Plumb (25 March 1816 – 12 March 1888) was an American-born Canadian businessman and parliamentarian.

Born in East Haven, Connecticut, Plumb immigrated to Canada in 1865 and settled near Niagara Falls, Ontario.

Soon thereafter he became active in the Conservative Party of Canada.  He was elected three times as a member of parliament for Niagara in the House of Commons of Canada. He was first elected in the Canadian federal election of 1874, but this result was voided, although he successfully defended the seat in a by-election held on 22 December 1874. Although defeated in the 1878 election, he regained his seat in a contested election in 1879.

Following a defeat in 1882 election, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada on 8 February 1883 on the recommendation of Sir John A. Macdonald. He served as Speaker of the Senate from 4 April 1887 – 12 March 1888, upon his death.

1882 Canadian federal election
The 1882 Canadian federal election was held on June 20, 1882, to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 5th Parliament of Canada.

Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservatives and Liberal-Conservatives retained power, defeating the Liberal Party of Edward Blake.
The Washington Star
The Washington Star, previously known as the Washington Star-News and the Washington Evening Star, was a daily afternoon newspaper published in Washington, D.C., between 1852 and 1981. The Sunday edition was known as the Sunday Star. The paper was renamed several times before becoming Washington Star by the late 1970s.

For most of the time it was publishing, The Washington Star was the city's newspaper of record. It provided a  longtime home to columnist Mary McGrory (1918-2004) and to cartoonist Clifford K. Berryman (1869-1949). On August 7, 1981, after 128 years, The Washington Star ceased publication and filed for bankruptcy. In the bankruptcy sale, The Washington Post purchased the land and buildings owned by The Washington Star, including its printing-presses.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Old Codes New Chaos
Old Codes New Chaos is the debut album by the British group Fila Brazillia. It was released on Pork Recordings in 1994. The title comes from a line in the 1991 book Lila: An Inquiry into Morals, by Robert Pirsig: "Rigel's interpretation of recent moral history is probably a pretty simple one: old codes vs. new chaos".

Lila: An Inquiry into Morals
Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991) is the second philosophical novel by Robert M. Pirsig, who is best known for  Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. Lila: An Inquiry into Morals was a nominated finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1992. This semi-autobiographical story takes place in the autumn as the author sails his boat down the Hudson River. Phaedrus, the author's alter ego, is jarred out of his solitary routine by an encounter with Lila, a straightforward but troubled woman who is nearing a mental breakdown.
Potsdam, New York
Potsdam is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The town population was 8,162 at the 2024 census. When the State University of New York at Potsdam and Clarkson University are in session, the population increases by approximately 8,000 students. The town is named after the city of Potsdam in Germany.

The town of Potsdam also contains a village named Potsdam.  Potsdam is centrally located within the county and northeast of Canton, the county seat.

Canton (village), New York
Canton is a village and county seat of St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The village is centrally located in both the town of Canton and the county of St. Lawrence. The population was 7,155 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Chinese city of Canton (now Guangzhou).

The village of Canton provides many municipal services such as a fully functional village highway department, water and sewer department, volunteer fire department, court system and a police department along with other municipal agencies.
Mark Seale
Donald "Mark" Seale (born March 10, 1960) is a Canadian former professional football defensive lineman who played seven seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for three teams.

Seale was selected as a territorial exemption by the Ottawa Rough Riders in the 1982 CFL draft.  He was also the 12th round selection of the New York Giants in the 1982 NFL draft.

Seale attended Sir Wilfrid Laurier Secondary School in Ottawa, Ontario, where he lettered in both hockey and football.  He also played for the Ottawa Sooners for two seasons before attending the University of Richmond in Virginia, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1982.

University of Richmond
The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is a primarily undergraduate, residential institution with approximately 3,900 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences; the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business; the Jepson School of Leadership Studies; the University of Richmond School of Law; and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies. It is classified among "Baccalaureate Colleges: Arts & Sciences Focus".

The university's athletics teams are known as the "Richmond Spiders," after the university's distinctive mascot. A participant in the U.S. Navy's V-12 Navy College Training Program during World War II, Richmond commissions U.S. Army officers through its ROTC program, which is partnered with Hampden-Sydney College and Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia.