hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Deering (murderer)
John W. Deering (September 1898 – October 31, 1938) was a convicted murderer who was the subject of an experiment to observe what would happen to the human heart during death by gunshot. Deering, an American facing execution by the state of Utah for the May 1938 murder of Oliver R. Meredith Jr., volunteered to have himself hooked up to an electrocardiogram while he was shot by a firing squad. The test indicated that his heart stopped in about 15 seconds of being hit, although other bodily functions, such as breathing, continued for a longer period of time.

Execution by shooting
Execution by shooting is a method of capital punishment in which a person is shot to death by one or more firearms. It is the most common method of execution worldwide, used in about 70 countries, with execution by firing squad being one particular form.

In most countries, execution by a firing squad has historically been considered a more honorable death and was used primarily for military personnel, though in some countries — among them Belarus, the only state in Europe today that has the death penalty — the single executioner shooting inherited from the Soviet past is still in use.
Botsford, Connecticut
Botsford is a village of Newtown in Fairfield County, Connecticut,  United States. The town of Newtown has one political body, but consists of multiple geographic subdivisions. It currently contains a fire department and post office. CT 25 runs along the western part of the village. Botsford was listed as a census-designated place prior to the 2020 census.

Robert Winkler, naturalist and author of Going Wild: Adventures with Birds in the Suburban Wilderness, is a resident.

The Connecticut Green Industries Council, a partner of UConn in the NextGenCT project is headquartered in town. The council also routinely testifies on agricultural and certain local matters to the Connecticut General Assembly.

Connecticut General Assembly
The Connecticut General Assembly (CGA) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is a bicameral body composed of the 151-member House of Representatives and the 36-member Senate.  It meets in the state capital, Hartford. There are no term limits for members of either chamber.

During even-numbered years, the General Assembly is in session from February to May.  In odd-numbered years, when the state budget is completed, session lasts from January to June. The governor has the right to call for a special session after the end of the regular session, while the General Assembly can call for a "veto session" after the close in order to override gubernatorial vetoes.
Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos is a critically endangered vegetation type occurring in the far south of the Western Cape, South Africa.

This type of mountain fynbos contains an extremely high number of threatened species and a great number of the plants that occur here can be found nowhere else on earth. It naturally occurs from the eastern outskirts of Cape Town, eastwards through the Kogelberg and Hottentots-Holland mountains, as far as Kleinmond, and it is conserved within the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve.

This particular vegetation grows on rough, mountainous, sandstone terrain.
It was extensively planted with commercial timber plantations of invasive pine trees. These trees pose a major threat to the unique and endangered biodiversity and have yet to be completely removed.

Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinaster, the maritime pine is a pine native to the south Atlantic Europe region and parts of the western Mediterranean. It is a fast growing hard pine with long needles and large cones with medium-sized seeds with large wings.
Cieśle, Wieluń County
Cieśle [ˈt͡ɕɛɕlɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Pątnów, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Pątnów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Wieluń, and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń County
Wieluń County (Polish: powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieluń, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 927.69 square kilometres (358.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,260, out of which the population of Wieluń is 24,347 and the rural population is 53,913.
Donovan Wisse
Donovan Wisse (born February 21, 1997) is a Surinamese-Dutch kickboxer currently signed with Glory, where he is the incumbent Glory Middleweight Champion.

He is ranked as the best middleweight in the world by Combat Press as of September 2022, and best by Beyond Kickboxing as of October 2022. He is also ranked the #5 pound-for-pound kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kickboxing, and the #9 pound-for-pound kickboxer in the world by Combat Press. He's been ranked in the Combat Press top ten since June 2019.

Pound for pound
Pound for pound is a ranking used in combat sports, such as boxing, wrestling, or mixed martial arts, adjusted to compensate for weight class. As fighters in different weight classes do not compete directly, determining the best fighter pound for pound requires subjective judgment, and ratings often vary as a result.
Gaëlle Barlet
Gaëlle Barlet (born 1988) is a French orienteer who competes in mountain bike orienteering, ski orienteering and foot orienteering. She is a former world champion in mountain bike orienteering.

At the 2011 World MTB Orienteering Championships in Vicenza, she won a gold medal in the sprint, ahead of Marika Hara from Finland and Michaela Gigon from Australia. She also won 4 medals at the European Championships, including the title on the middle in 2015.

World Mountain Bike Orienteering Championships
The World Mountain Bike Orienteering Championships is the official event for awarding World Champion titles in mountain bike orienteering. The World Championships, also known as WMTBOC, were first held in 2002, and since 2004 they have been organized annually – except in 2020.  The programme includes Long distance, Middle distance, Sprint, Mass Start (unofficial in 2016 and official from 2017), and a Relay for both men and women.
Cowbridge (electoral ward)
Cowbridge is an electoral ward in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, which covers its namesake town of Cowbridge as well as the neighbouring villages of Llanblethian and Aberthin and the communities of Llanfair and Penllyn. The ward elects three county councillors to the Vale of Glamorgan Council.

According to the 2011 census the population of the ward was 6,180.

Cowbridge is also the name of a community ward (covering the town itself) for elections to Cowbridge with Llanblethian Town Council.

Llanblethian
Llanblethian (Welsh: Llanfleiddian) is a village in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales which sits upon the River Thaw. It makes up part of the community of Cowbridge with Llanblethian, which consists of the village itself, the larger market town of Cowbridge and Aberthin.

Llanblethian first came to prominence as one of the manor lordships created by the Norman lords following the Norman invasion of Wales. It was first ruled by the St. Quentins before being taken over by the Siwards. Under the Norman lordship power in the region shifted from the village to nearby Cowbridge, where manorial affairs were conducted. Llanblethian has several fine large buildings including an early 18th century great house, a 12th-century church dedicated to St John the Baptist and its own castle, a largely ruinous structure but with a fine gatehouse known locally as St Quintins Castle.
Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1980s
This is a list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1980s, as determined by Publishers Weekly. The list features the most popular novels of each year from 1980 through 1989.

The standards set for inclusion in the lists – which, for example, led to the exclusion of the novels in the Harry Potter series from the lists for the 1990s and 2000s – are currently unknown.

Louis L'Amour
Louis Dearborn L'Amour (/ˈluːi ləˈmʊər/; né LaMoore; March 22, 1908 – June 10, 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels, though he called his work "frontier stories". His most widely known Western fiction works include Last of the Breed, Hondo, Shalako, and the Sackett series. L'Amour also wrote historical fiction (The Walking Drum), science fiction (The Haunted Mesa), non-fiction (Frontier), and poetry and short-story collections. Many of his stories were made into films. His books remain popular and most have gone through multiple printings. At the time of his death, almost all of his 105 existing works (89 novels, 14 short-story collections, and two full-length works of nonfiction) were still in print, and he was "one of the world's most popular writers".
Shahed Aviation Industries
Shahed Aviation Industries Research Center (مرکز تحقیقات صنایع هوایی شاهد) is an Iranian aerospace company known for designing military helicopters and UAVs. They are associated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force (IRGC-ASF) and the Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Corporation (HESA).

Military helicopter
A military helicopter is a helicopter that is either specifically designed for or converted for usage by a military. A military helicopter's mission is a function of its design or conversion. The most common use of military helicopters is airlift, but transport helicopters can be modified or converted to perform other missions such as combat search and rescue (CSAR), medical evacuation (MEDEVAC), serving as an airborne command post, or even armed with weapons for close air support. Specialized military helicopters are intended to conduct specific missions. Examples of specialized military helicopters are attack helicopters, observation helicopters and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters.
The Art of Doing
The Art of Doing: How Superachievers Do What They Do and How They Do It So Well is a 2013 non-fiction book by the journalist Camille Sweeney and the artist Josh Gosfield published by Plume Books, a division of Penguin Group on January 29, 2013.

The book features strategic principles that let to the achievements of over three-dozen highly successful individuals. For the book Sweeney and Gosfield interviewed an eclectic mix of people from the worlds of business, the arts, media, sports and other fields.

Plume (publisher)
Plume is a publishing company in the United States, founded in 1970 as the trade paperback imprint of New American Library. Today it is a division of Penguin Group, with a backlist of approximately 700 titles.
Shaky Isles
The Shaky Isles or Shaky Islands is a nickname for New Zealand. At one time this nickname was used in New Zealand itself, though its usage there is now seen as dated; it is still fairly widely used in Australia.

The name derived from New Zealand's frequent seismic activity. The islands lie on the margin of two colliding tectonic plates, the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates. Earthquakes are common, particularly in the southwest of the South Island and in the central North Island, and the North Island's scenery is marked by several active and dormant volcanic cones.

The phrase is at worst only very mildly derogatory, and is usually only used humorously with no pejorative connotations.

The country records more than 14,000 earthquakes a year – but only about 150 are usually felt. Schoolchildren in the country regularly undertake earthquake drills.

Pacific plate
The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate.

The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew to where it underlies most of the Pacific Ocean basin. This reduced the Farallon plate to a few remnants along the west coast of the Americas and the Phoenix plate to a small remnant near the Drake Passage, and destroyed the Izanagi plate by subduction under Asia.

The Pacific plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands.
W.A.K.O. European Championships 1982
W.A.K.O. European Championships 1982 were the sixth European kickboxing championships hosted by the W.A.K.O. organization organized by Jean-Pierre Schupp and heralded the beginning of W.A.K.O. having its European championships every two years as opposed to once a year.  The event was open to amateur men based in Europe and featured only one style of kickboxing - Semi-Contact.  By the end of the championships, Italy was the top nation, with regular leaders West Germany beaten into second and Great Britain third.  The event was held in Basel, Switzerland in 1981.

World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
The World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (W.A.K.O or WAKO) is an international kickboxing organization counting over 120 affiliated countries representing all five continents. WAKO is a major governing body of amateur kickboxing and is responsible for the development of kickboxing worldwide. The organization was officially recognized as an official kickboxing governing body by Sport Accord. WAKO is recognized by the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Mike Murphy (trainer and coach)
Michael Charles Murphy (February 26, 1860 – June 4, 1913) was an American athletic trainer and coach at Yale University (1887–1889, 1892–1896, 1901–1905), Detroit Athletic Club (1889–1892), University of Michigan (1891), Villanova University (1894), University of Pennsylvania (1896–1901, 1905–1913), and the New York Athletic Club (1890–1900). He coached the American track athletes at the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1908, and 1912. He spent a year in approximately 1884 as the trainer of heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan.

The Washington Post in 1913 called Murphy "the father of American track athletics." He was considered the premier athletic trainer of his era and was said to have "revolutionized the methods of training athletes and reduced it to a science." He is credited with establishing many innovative techniques for track and field, including the crouching start for sprinters.

Travers Island, New York
Travers Island is a former island in Long Island Sound, located in the city of New Rochelle, New York. The island, originally united by a causeway to the mainland, comprises a tract of thirty acres in the Lower Harbor of New Rochelle, situated between Neptune Island, Glen Island, and Hunter Island in New York City's Pelham Bay Park. The narrow strip of water originally making it an island was eventually filled in, converting this tract into a peninsula.

Travers Island currently serves as the New York Athletic Club's summer home. Travers Island hosted the 1903, 1905, and 1906 USA Cross Country Championships. The former island is named after William R. Travers, a longtime President of NYAC.
Lorenzo Attendolo
Lorenzo Attendolo (1355–1437) was an Italian condottiero.

Lorenzo was probably son of Nascimbene. He was the cousin of Giacomo Attendolo, and they were at the service of the House of Este.  In 1412 a great fire was recorded in Cotignola which destroyed everything, with the exception of the church, the house of Sforza and the house of Lorenzo Attendolo. In 1427 was part of Duchy of Milan as a soldier and later on with Francesco Sforza. In his last military action commanded the troop of the king of Naples Alfonso V of Aragon.

Lorenzo had a son whose name was Giovanni Battista.

Alfonso V of Aragon
Alfonso the Magnanimous (Alfons el Magnànim in Catalan) (1396 – 27 June 1458) was King of Aragon and King of Sicily (as Alfons V) and the ruler of the Crown of Aragon from 1416 and King of Naples (as Alfons I) from 1442 until his death. He was involved with struggles to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples with Louis III of Anjou, Joanna II of Naples and their supporters, but ultimately failed and lost Naples in 1424. He recaptured it in 1442 and was crowned king of Naples. He had good relations with his vassal, Stjepan Kosača, and his ally, Skanderbeg, providing assistance in their struggles in the Balkans. He led diplomatic contacts with the Ethiopian Empire and was a prominent political figure of the early Renaissance, being a supporter of literature as well as commissioning several constructions for the Castel Nuovo.
Mazarin River
The Mazarin River is a tributary of the Ashuapmushuan River, flowing into the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec, into the Regional County Municipality (MRC) of Le Domaine-du-Roy, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Mazarin river flows entirely in the canton of Théberge. Forestry is the main economic activity of this valley; recreational tourism activities, second.

The Forest Road R0203 (North-South direction) serves the valley of the Mazarin River, the Hilarion River, the Du Chef River and the Nestaocano River; this road starting south at the junction of route 167 which links Chibougamau to Saint-Félicien, Quebec.

The surface of the Mazarin River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Chibougamau
Chibougamau (French pronunciation: [ʃibuɡamo]) is the largest town in Nord-du-Québec, central Quebec, Canada. Located on Lake Gilman, it has a population of 7,233 people (2021 Canadian census). Chibougamau is surrounded by, but not part of, the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay. Chibougamau means "gathering place" in the Cree language.

Its remoteness from Lac Saint-Jean (over 200 km (120 mi) south-east) and Abitibi-Témiscamingue (over 250 km (160 mi) south-west) areas causes Chibougamau to provide services for a few smaller communities surrounding it (Mistissini, Oujé-Bougoumou, and Chapais) and for the regional resource-based industries. Despite Chibougamau's remoteness, it is only about as far north as Winnipeg and is south of any part of the mainland of England.

Access to the town is by Route 167 from Lac Saint-Jean and by Route 113 from Lebel-sur-Quévillon. Chibougamau/Chapais Airport is along Route 113, about halfway to Chapais.
Herder, Alberta
Herder is an unincorporated community in Alberta, Canada, within Red Deer County that is recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada. It is located on the south side of Highway 11, 1.8 km (1.1 mi) east of Red Deer. It is adjacent to the designated place of Balmoral SE to the northeast.

Red Deer County
Red Deer County is a municipal district in central Alberta, Canada within Census Division No. 8 and surrounding the City of Red Deer. The neighbouring municipalities of Red Deer County are Clearwater County to the west, Lacombe County to the north, the County of Stettler No. 6 to the east, Kneehill County to the southeast and Mountain View County to the south. It is located approximately midway between Edmonton and Calgary, bisected by the Queen Elizabeth II Highway and bounded on the north and east by the Red Deer River.
2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy
The 2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 32nd edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was played from 21 December 2024 to 18 January 2025. Haryana were the defending champions.

In the final, Karnataka defeated Vidarbha by 36 runs to win their fifth title.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Dorothy Nyswander
Dorothy Bird Nyswander (September 29, 1894 – December 18, 1998), was an American health educator. She graduated with masters and bachelor's degrees from the University of Nevada and a Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. She is considered the Mother of Health education.

University of Nevada, Reno
The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada, the University of Nevada, or UNR) is a public land-grant research university in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is the state's flagship public university and primary land grant institution. It was founded on October 12, 1874, in Elko, Nevada.

The university is classified as a doctoral, R1 research university by the Carnegie Classification. In 2018, the university spent $144 million on research and development according to the National Science Foundation. Among its several schools and colleges, the university has a medical school and is home to the Donald W. Reynolds School of Journalism from which six Pulitzer Prize winners have graduated.
121st Infantry Regiment "Macerata"
The 121st Infantry Regiment "Macerata" (Italian: 121° Reggimento Fanteria "Macerata") is an inactive unit of the Italian Army last based in Fano. The regiment is named for the city of Macerata and part of the Italian Army's infantry arm.

The regiment was formed in preparation for Italy's entry into World War I. During the war the regiment fought on the Italian front and was disbanded once the war concluded. The regiment was reformed during World War II and assigned to the 153rd Infantry Division "Macerata". The division was in Slovenia, when the Armistice of Cassibile was announced on 8 September 1943. Soon thereafter the division and regiment were disbanded by invading German forces. In 1992 the regiment was reformed as a battalion sized training unit in Fano, which remained active until 2000.

Italian entry into World War I
Italy entered into the First World War in 1915 with the aim of completing national unity: for this reason, the Italian intervention in the First World War is also considered the Fourth Italian War of Independence, in a historiographical perspective that identifies in the latter the conclusion of the unification of Italy, whose military actions began during the revolutions of 1848 with the First Italian War of Independence.
Makabe Dam
Makabe Dam is a gravity dam located in Gunma Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is 1737 km2. The dam impounds about 13 hectares of land when full and can store 1143 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started in 1922 and completed in 1928.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.