hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clemens Kalischer
Clemens Kalischer (March 30, 1921 – June 9, 2018) was an American photojournalist and art photographer. He was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States.

His series of photographs of displaced persons arriving in New York City from displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe, taken in 1947 and 1948, was his most recognized work.

Fine-art photography
Fine-art photography is photography created in line with the vision of the photographer as artist, using photography as a medium for creative expression. The goal of fine-art photography is to express an idea, a message, or an emotion. This stands in contrast to representational photography, such as photojournalism, which provides a documentary visual account of specific subjects and events, literally representing objective reality rather than the subjective intent of the photographer; and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services.
2023 Challenger de Tigre
The 2023 Challenger de Tigre was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Tigre, Argentina between 2 and 8 January 2023.

Guido Andreozzi
Guido Andreozzi (Latin American Spanish: [ˈɡiðo andɾeˈosi]; Italian: [ˈɡwiːdo andreˈɔttsi]; born 5 August 1991) is an Argentine professional tennis player of Italian descent. His career-high rankings are world No. 70 in singles, achieved on 28 January 2019, and No. 28 in doubles, reached on 27 October 2025. He has won two ATP Tour and 36 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles.
10,000 Lovers (In One)
"10,000 Lovers (In One)" is a hit single by the Norwegian band TNT, taken from their 1987 album, Tell No Tales. It was written about a girl who TNT's vocalist at that time, Tony Harnell, knew. The single reached the Billboard Hot 100 chart in America, peaking at number 100 and earned the band a Spellemannprisen.

In 2006 TNT recorded a new version of the song together with the Norwegian rapper Vinni from the band Paperboys. This version included newly written and controversial rap lyrics, which fueled Harnell to make a statement.

Vinni joined TNT for a couple of performances of the new version in concerts and on national TV shows. It was scheduled to be included on a compilation of Norwegian hits, but it was cancelled due to unknown problems.

Tell No Tales
Tell No Tales is the third studio album by the Norwegian rock band TNT. It was the best-selling TNT album in the U.S., according to their bass guitarist Morty Black. This album diverted from the power metal style of Knights of the New Thunder into a more glam metal direction.
Rock Candy Records reissused a remastered CD of the album in February 2022.
Electrocardiophone
An electrocardiophone and cardiophone is a musical instrument or diagnostic tool which uses heart waves (measured in the same way as an ECG) to generate or modulate sounds.

James Fung, Ariel Garten, and Steve Mann (~2003) have created a wide variety of underwater biophone systems that use physiological signals to control different musical variables in an intricate way, as well as to actually generate sounds, including underwater ECG and EEG concerts.

The electrocardiophone is a quintephone in the sense that it creates sound from the "5th classical element" (i.e. from beyond the world of matter).

Steve Mann (inventor)
William Stephen George Mann (born 8 June 1962) is a Canadian engineer, professor, and inventor who works in wearable computing, augmented reality, extended reality, and computational photography, particularly high-dynamic-range imaging. Mann is considered the "father of wearable computing" for his early inventions and continuing contributions to the field.

Mann is a founding member of the IEEE Council on Extended Intelligence (CXI). He cofounded Blueberry X Technologies and served as its CTO from 2019 to 2021, and is the Chairman of MannLab. He was born in Canada and currently lives in Toronto, Canada with his wife and two children. In the 2023 Toronto mayoral by-election, Mann unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Toronto.
Andrew Boesenecker
Andrew Boesenecker is an American politician, pastor, and former music teacher serving as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 53rd district. Boesenecker assumed office on April 28, 2021, succeeding Jennifer Arndt.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Diaper bank
A diaper bank (British English: nappy bank) is a social institution or nonprofit organization formed for the sole purpose of providing diapers to people in poverty who do not have access to diapers. Federally funded public assistance programs do not pay for or contribute to the payment for diapers. Diaper banks accept donations and diapers to provide for either children or adults suffering from incontinence and distribute diapers to partner agencies for distribution to people in their social programs in need of diapers. In 2011, the National Diaper Bank Network was formed to help distribute diapers across the United States.

Donation
A donation is a gift for charity, humanitarian aid, or to benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including money, alms, services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or vehicles. A donation may satisfy medical needs such as blood or organs for transplant.

Charitable donations of goods or services are also called gifts in kind.
Dragão do Mar
Francisco José do Nascimento (April 15, 1839 – March 5, 1914), known as Dragão do Mar (Sea Dragon), was an Afro-Brazilian raft fisherman (jangadeiro), pilot and abolitionist figure, who in 1881 led a strike of his fellow jangadeiros in the port of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, refusing to transport enslaved black people to be sold in Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian provinces.

Maritime pilot
A maritime pilot, marine pilot, harbor pilot, port pilot, ship pilot, or simply pilot, is a mariner who has specific knowledge of an often dangerous or congested waterway, such as harbors or river mouths. Maritime pilots know local details such as depth, currents, and hazards. They board and temporarily join the crew to safely guide the ship's passage, so they must also have expertise in handling ships of all types and sizes. Obtaining the title "maritime pilot" requires being licensed or authorised by a recognised pilotage authority.
Parlak
Parlak is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Başak Parlak (born 1989), Turkish actress and model

Birol Parlak (born 1990), Turkish footballer

Demet Parlak (born 1990), Turkish female pole vaulter

İbrahim Parlak, Turkish refugee

İlhan Parlak (born 1987), Turkish footballer

Turkish name
A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim (given name; plural adlar and isimler) and a soyadı or soyisim (surname). Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name there may be more than one ad (given name). Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names (except that official documents related to registration matters often use the format "Soyadı, Adı").
Ciudad CCS
Ciudad CCS is a newspaper published in Caracas, Venezuela. It was launched on 8 August 2009 by Jorge Rodríguez, mayor of the Libertador Bolivarian Municipality of Caracas for PSUV. It is a free newspaper funded by the municipality.

Jorge Rodríguez (Venezuelan politician)
Jorge Jesús Rodríguez Gómez (born 9 November 1965) is a Venezuelan politician  serving as President of the National Assembly of Venezuela since 2021. He is the brother of Delcy Rodríguez, the vice president and acting president of Venezuela.

He was vice president of Venezuela under the government of Hugo Chávez from 8 January 2007, to 3 January 2008, rector and president of the National Electoral Council from January 2005 to April 2006, and mayor of Caracas from November 2008 to December 2017. He served as Venezuela’s Minister of Communication and Information under President Nicolás Maduro from November 2017 until 4 September 2020, when he left the position to successfully run in that year’s parliamentary elections in the Capital District.
Kisai, Saitama
Kisai (騎西町, Kisai-machi) was a town located in Kitasaitama District, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 20,105 and a density of 702.97 persons per km2. The total area was 28.60 km2.

On March 23, 2010, Kisai, along with the towns of Kitakawabe and Ōtone (all from Kitasaitama District), was merged into the expanded city of Kazo. Kitasaitama District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Cordillera Real (Ecuador)
The Cordillera Real (also Cordillera of Quito, Cordillera Central of Ecuador) is a chain of mountains in the Andes of Ecuador, the largest of them volcanic. They are continued by the Cordillera Central of Peru to the south and the Cordillera Central of Colombia to the north. The Cordillera Real includes Antisana, Cotopaxi, and Cayambe, while Chimborazo is in the Cordillera Occidental.

The geology of the Cordillera Real includes metamorphic rock of sedimentary origin in addition to S-type granites dated to the early Mesozoic (>200 million years ago).

Antisana
Antisana is a stratovolcano of the northern Andes, in Ecuador. It is the fourth highest volcano in Ecuador, at 5,753 metres (18,875 ft), and is located 50 kilometres (31 mi) SE of the capital city of Quito.

Antisana presents one of the most challenging technical climbs in the Ecuadorian Andes. Next to the Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua and Chimborazo, the Antisana belongs to the five volcanic mountains that the Prussian-born explorer Alexander von Humboldt tried to climb in 1802 during his American journey. In 1965, the American climber Edwin Bernbaum alongside two Ecuadorean climbers, Rómulo Pazmino and Leonardo Droira, made the first ascent of South Antisana.
Ooty bus stand
Ooty Bus Stand, also known as Udhagamandalam Central Bus Stand is a bus station located in the town of Ooty. It serves as main bus stand for The Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, apart from bus stands in Coonoor, Kotagiri and Gudalur.

Kotagiri
Kotagiri is a hill station and a municipality in the Nilgiris district of the Indian state, Tamil Nadu. The Nilgiri hills have been the traditional home of the "Kota" tribes. The name 'Kota-giri' itself means 'mountains of the kotas'. Kotagiri was known in the past as 'Kota-keri' or 'Kota-gherry', the 'street of Kotas'. The town has developed around numerous knolls and valleys. It is one of the largest hill stations in the Nilgiri Mountains. Located at an average elevation of 1,950 m (6,400 ft), Kotagiri is quietly tucked away in the Nilgiris and used to be one of the summer resorts of the Madras Presidency. The town was discovered in the year 1819 by John Sullivan when he came to a village called Dhimbatty to the north of Kotagiri. Kotagiri enjoys the third coldest climate next to Ooty and Kodaikanal in South India.
St. Louis Southwestern Railway (Cotton Belt Route) Relief Train
The St. Louis Southwestern Railway (Cotton Belt Route) Relief Train is a railroad rescue and recovery train, its elements now on display at the Arkansas Railroad Museum in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.  The train's principal feature is a large steam crane (SSW 96005), built by Industrial Brownhoist of Bay City, Michigan in 1940.  Other elements of the train include a boom car, generator flat, kitchen car, tool car, and crew sleeper.  The boom car, a low gondola car, was attached to the train below the projecting section of the train; the other elements of the train supported the crew and the operation of the crane to clear derailments.  The relief train was assembled by the St. Louis Southwestern Railway (aka the Cotton Belt Run), and remained in active service until 1996, when it was given to the museum.

The train was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

St. Louis Southwestern Railway
The St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company (reporting mark SSW), known by its nickname of "The Cotton Belt Route" or simply "Cotton Belt", was a Class I railroad that operated between St. Louis, Missouri, and various points in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Texas from 1891 to 1980, when the system added the Rock Island's Golden State Route and operations in Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. The Cotton Belt operated as a Southern Pacific subsidiary from 1932 until 1992, when its operation was assumed by Southern Pacific Transportation Company.
August 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 19

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 31 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 18, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 5.

John of Rila
Saint John of Rila, also known as Ivan Rilski (Bulgarian: Свети преподобни Иван Рилски Чудотворец, romanized: Sveti prepodobni Ivan Rilski Chudotvorets, lit. 'Saint John of Rila the Wondermaker'; c. 876 – 18 August 946), was the first Bulgarian hermit. He was revered as a saint while he was still alive. The legend surrounding him tells of wild animals that freely came up to him and birds that landed in his hands.  His followers founded many churches in his honor, including the famous Rila Monastery. One of these churches, Saint John of Rila was only discovered in 2008 in the town of Veliko Tarnovo. Today, he is honored as the patron saint of the Bulgarians and as one of the most important saints in the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
RDRAND
RDRAND (for "read random") is an instruction for returning random numbers from an Intel on-chip hardware random number generator which has been seeded by an on-chip entropy source. It is also known as Intel Secure Key Technology, codenamed Bull Mountain. Intel introduced the feature around 2012, and AMD added support for the instruction in June 2015. RDRAND is available in Ivy Bridge processors and is part of the Intel 64 and IA-32 instruction set architectures.

The random number generator is compliant with security and cryptographic standards such as NIST SP 800-90A, FIPS 140-2, and ANSI X9.82. After a request from Intel, Cryptography Research Inc. released research on RDRAND in the paper Analysis of Intel's Ivy Bridge Digital Random Number Generator.

RDSEED is similar to RDRAND and provides lower-level access to the entropy-generating hardware. The RDSEED generator and processor instruction rdseed are available with Intel Broadwell CPUs and AMD Zen CPUs.

FIPS 140-2
The Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 140-2, (FIPS PUB 140-2), is a U.S. government computer security standard used to approve cryptographic modules. The title is Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules. Initial publication was on May 25, 2001, and was last updated December 3, 2002.

Its successor, FIPS 140-3, was approved on March 22, 2019, and became effective on September 22, 2019. FIPS 140-3 testing began on September 22, 2020, and the first FIPS 140-3 validation certificates were issued in December 2022. FIPS 140-2 testing was still available until September 21, 2021 (later changed for applications already in progress to April 1, 2022), creating an overlapping transition period of more than one year. FIPS 140-2 test reports that remain in the CMVP queue will still be granted validations after that date, but all FIPS 140-2 validations will be moved to the Historical List on September 21, 2026 regardless of their actual final validation date.
Welch bounds
In mathematics, Welch bounds are a family of inequalities pertinent to the problem of evenly spreading a set of unit vectors in a vector space. The bounds are important tools in the design and analysis of certain methods in telecommunication engineering, particularly in coding theory. The bounds were originally published in a 1974 paper by L. R. Welch.

Lloyd R. Welch
Lloyd Richard Welch (September 28, 1927 – December 28, 2023) was an American information theorist and applied mathematician, and co-inventor of the Baum–Welch algorithm and the Berlekamp–Welch algorithm, also known as the Welch–Berlekamp algorithm.

Welch received his B.S. in mathematics from the University of Illinois, 1951, and Ph.D. in mathematics from the California Institute of Technology, 1958, under advisor Frederic Bohnenblust. He worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1956–1959, Institute for Defense Analyses in Princeton, 1959–1965, and University of Southern California, 1965–1999. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1979 for "contributions to an understanding of possibilities, limitations, and design of communications coding for reliability, security, and synchronization". He was also an IEEE Fellow, and received the 2003 Claude E. Shannon Award.
Sara Lindborg
Sara Lindborg (born 30 November 1983) is a Swedish cross-country skier who has competed since 2002. Her best World Cup finish was second twice, both in the 4 × 5 km relay in France (2006, 2008). Lindborg's best individual finish was 12th in a 10 km event in Estonia in 2007.

At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo, she finished 16th in the 30 km, 24th in the 10 km, and 31st in the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit events.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics.  Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005.
William H. Moran
William Herman Moran (c. 1864 – September 10, 1946) was the longest-serving Chief of the United States Secret Service, serving from 1917 to 1936.

He was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson and served under five presidents: Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. During his tenure, Wilson presided over the 1917 expansion of the Secret Service's duties to include official protection of the president's family, the establishment of the White House Police Force in 1922, and the transition to small-sized currency in 1928, as well as the investigation into the Teapot Dome scandal. He was often at odds with FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover over issues of jurisdiction.

Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a United States federal law enforcement agency, and is responsible for its day-to-day operations. The FBI director is appointed for a single 10-year term by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The FBI is an agency within the Department of Justice (DOJ), and thus the director reports to the attorney general of the United States.

The director briefed the president on any issues that arose from within the FBI until the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 was enacted following the September 11 attacks. Since then, the director reports in an additional capacity to the director of national intelligence, as the FBI is also part of the United States Intelligence Community.

The incumbent FBI director is Kash Patel, who was sworn in on February 21, 2025.
British Rail Class D2/12
British Rail Class D2/12 was a class of ten locomotives commissioned by British Railways in England. They were diesel powered locomotives in the pre-TOPS period built by Hudswell Clarke with a Gardner engine.  The mechanical transmission, using a scoop control fluid coupling and four-speed Power-flow SSS (synchro-self-shifting) gearbox, was a Hudswell Clarke speciality.

The D2/12 was mechanically similar to the earlier British Rail Class D2/7 but was of more modern appearance.  The engine casing was lower, giving much better all-round visibility.

L. Gardner and Sons
L. Gardner and Sons Limited was a British builder of diesel engines for stationary, marine, road and rail applications. The company was founded in Hulme, Manchester, England in 1868. It started building engines around 1895. The firm ceased engine production in the mid-1990s.
Hanni Woodbury
Hanni Woodbury is a German-American linguist and anthropologist who specializes in Onondaga and other Iroquoian languages. She was born in Hamburg and moved with her family to the United States after World War II. She has done fieldwork on Onondaga for more than three decades. Her Onondaga–English dictionary—the first dictionary of Onondaga—was described as "monumental". She was awarded one of the Mary Haas Awards in 1994 from the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas for her work on Onondaga ceremonies.

Iroquoian languages
The Iroquoian languages (/ɪ.rə.ˈkwɔɪ.ən/, ih-rə-KWOY-ən) or Ogwehoweh languages are a language family of indigenous peoples of North America. They are known for their general lack of labial consonants. The Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic and head-marking.

As of 2020, almost all surviving Iroquoian languages are severely or critically endangered, with some languages having only a few elderly speakers remaining. The two languages with the most speakers, Mohawk (Kenien'kéha) in New York and Canada, and Cherokee in Oklahoma and North Carolina, are spoken by less than 10% of the populations of their nations.
Sean Dollman
Sean Dollman (born 8 December 1968) is a retired Irish long-distance runner. Born in Cape Town, South Africa, he represented Ireland in two Olympics, running the 10,000 metres in 1992 and 1996.  He was the 1991 NCAA Cross Country Champion while representing Western Kentucky University and was the sixth placer finisher the year before.

Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres
These are the official results of the men's 10,000 metres event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. There were a total number of 56 participating athletes. Khalid Skah from Morocco dueled with Richard Chelimo from Kenya during much of the race. It was a sprint finish over the last 150 meters, Skah pulled ahead and crossed the finish line 1.02 seconds in front of Chelimo.