hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (sometimes Latinized as Johannes Antonius Scopolius) (3 June 1723 – 8 May 1788) was an Italian physician and naturalist. His biographer Otto Guglia named him the "first anational European" and the "Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire".

Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Carniola (Slovene: Kranjska [ˈkɾàːnska]; German: Krain [kʁaɪn] ⓘ; Italian: Carniola; Hungarian: Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Slovenes living within the former borders of the region still tend to identify with its traditional parts Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola (with the sub-part of White Carniola), and to a lesser degree Inner Carniola. In 1991, 47% of the population of Slovenia lived within the borders of the former Duchy of Carniola.
University Center for Culture and the Arts
The University Center for Culture and the Arts (UCCA) is a non-profit cultural center of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The agency is under the Office of the Vice President for Student Services. The UCCA is currently residing at the PUP Theater inside the PUP College of Communication compound.

The UCCA hosts various events inside and outside the university. On August 29, 2014, the Polytechnic University of the Philippines through UCCA conferred the 'Pambansang Artista Ng Mamamayan' award to Nora Aunor in the PUP Theater. The UCCA also spearheads the annual university Arts Month every February.

Cultural center
A cultural center or cultural centre is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural centers can be neighborhood community arts organizations, private facilities, government-sponsored, or activist-run.
Cape Christie
Cape Christie (72°18′S 170°1′E﻿ / ﻿72.300°S 170.017°E﻿ / -72.300; 170.017) is a cape situated 5 nautical miles (9 km) west-northwest of Cape Hallett, marking the west side of the entrance to Edisto Inlet on the coast of Victoria Land. It was discovered, January 15, 1841, by Sir James Clark Ross and named for Professor Samuel Hunter Christie, of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
Aptitude
An aptitude is a component of a competence to do a certain kind of work at a certain level. Outstanding aptitude can be considered "talent", or "skill". Aptitude is inborn potential to perform certain kinds of activities, whether physical or mental, and whether developed or undeveloped. Aptitude is often contrasted with skills and abilities, which are developed through learning. The mass term ability refers to components of competence acquired through a combination of both aptitude and skills.

According to Gladwell (2008) and Colvin (2008), it is often difficult to set apart the influence of talent from the influence of hard training in the case of outstanding performances. Howe, Davidson, and Sloboda argue that talents are acquired rather than innate. Talented individuals generally show high levels of competence immediately in only a narrow range of activities, often comprising only a single direction or genre.

Physical fitness
Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest along with a formal recovery plan.

Before the Industrial Revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the day's activities without undue fatigue or lethargy. However, with automation and changes in lifestyles, physical fitness is now considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, to improve immune system function, and to meet emergency situations.
Giselda Leirner
Giselda Leirner (born 1928) is a Brazilian writer, illustrator, and plastic artist. She was born in São Paulo, Brazil. Her works have been exhibited at São Paulo Museum of Art.

Leirner went to the Art Students League and the Parsons The New School for Design in New York City where she took classes with Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, Yolanda Mohalyi and Poty Lazarotto. She earned a bachelor's degree in philosophy at the Universidade de São Paulo and has a master's degree in philosophy of religion.

Emiliano Di Cavalcanti
Emiliano Augusto Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Melo (September 6, 1897 – October 26, 1976), known as Di Cavalcanti, was a Brazilian painter who sought to produce a form of Brazilian art free of any noticeable European influences. His wife was the painter Noêmia Mourão, who would be an inspiration in his works in the later 1930s.
Guerra de la Paz
Guerra de la Paz is a group of Cuban born artists Alain Guerra and Neraldo de la Paz who live and work in Miami, and have been collaborating since 1996.

Their work has been exhibited in several countries, with their most recent solo projects  at the Aichi Triennale, Okazaki, Japan, Augeo Art Space, Rimini, Italy, Biennale Internationale du lin de Portneuf, Quebec, Canada, Kurumaya Museum, Oyama, Japan and at the Zacheta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw, Poland.

In 2014, the group was commissioned by Wooyoungmi Paris to create a body of new sculptural works, beginning with a solo exhibition at their MANMADE - Wooyoungmi Lifestyle Headquarters in Seoul, Korea.

Zachęta – National Gallery of Art
The Zachęta – National Gallery of Art (Polish: Zachęta – Narodowa Galeria Sztuki) is a contemporary art museum in the center of Warsaw, Poland. The Gallery's chief purpose is to present and support Polish contemporary art and artists. With numerous temporary exhibitions of well-known foreign artists, the gallery has also established itself internationally.

The word "zachęta" means encouragement. The Zachęta Gallery takes its name from Towarzystwo Zachęty do Sztuk Pięknych (Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts), founded in Warsaw in 1860.
Adwaita Gadanayak
Adwaita Charan Gadanayak is an Indian sculptor. He was head of the School of Sculpture at the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar. He is the director general of the National Gallery of Modern Art which is under the Ministry of Culture. He was honored with the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the Government of India.

Ministry of Culture (India)
The Ministry of Culture is the Indian government ministry charged with preservation and promotion of art and culture of India.

Gajendra Singh Shekhawat is the current Minister of Culture. Recently the government has established the National Mission on Libraries India under this ministry.
1997 Croatian Bol Ladies Open – Doubles
Laura Montalvo and Paola Suárez were the defending champions but only Montalvo competed that year with Henrieta Nagyová.

Montalvo and Nagyová won in the final 6–3, 6–1 against María José Gaidano and Marion Maruska.

María José Gaidano
María José Gaidano (born 25 March 1973) is an Argentine tennis coach and former professional tennis player.

She was born in Buenos Aires and played professionally from 1992 to 2000. Gaidona represented Argentina in the Fed Cup tournament in 1997.
2021 North American Formula 1000 Championship
The 2021 North American Formula 1000 Championship presented by EPC is the fifth season of the North American Formula 1000 Championship. The sixteen round season begins on April 1 at Carolina Motorsports Park, and ends on October 17 at Pittsburgh International Race Complex.

Last year's champion, Alex Mayer, became a four-time champion in the series, winning every season since the series' conception. Mayer was able to win another championship earning his fifth championship.

Pittsburgh International Race Complex
Pittsburgh International Race Complex (commonly known as Pitt Race) was an auto racing road course located in Wampum, Pennsylvania. Pitt Race hosted amateur and professional automobile, motorcycle, and karting events.
Anna Grear
Anna Maria Grear (born 4 September 1959) is an English academic, author, and political activist. Grear is the founder of several academic and activist organisations, including the Global Network for the Study of Human Rights and the Environment (GNHRE) and the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, where she is editor-in-chief. Grear is adjunct professor of law at the University of Waikato and was professor of law and theory at Cardiff University until 2023. She has written for such international newspapers as The Wire and Süddeutsche Zeitung. She is also the owner of HypnoCatalyst, an organisation specialising in integrative psychotherapy.

Süddeutsche Zeitung
The Süddeutsche Zeitung (pronounced [ˈzyːtˌdɔʏtʃə ˈtsaɪtʊŋ]; lit. 'South German Newspaper'), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest and most influential daily newspapers in Germany. The tone of SZ is mainly described as centre-left, liberal, social-liberal, progressive-liberal, and social-democrat. It is considered one of Germany's newspapers of record.

The Süddeutsche Zeitung was one of the first daily newspapers approved by the Allies after World War II and was first published on 6 October 1945.

The newspaper is published by Süddeutsche Verlag in Munich. It is majority owned by investment holdings and a small part by the original publishing family, the Friedmann family.

The editors-in-chief are Wolfgang Krach and Judith Wittwer. The chairman of the editorial board is Thomas Schaub.
Tebbel
Tebbel is the surname of the following people:

John William Tebbel (1912–2004), American journalist, media historian

Maurice Tebbel (born 1994), German equestrian

René Tebbel (born 1969), German-born equestrian show jumping rider

René Tebbel
René Tebbel (born 12 February 1969) is a German-born show jumping rider who has been representing Ukraine since 2015. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro where he finished 19th in the individual and 13th in the team competition.

Representing Germany, he competed at the 1990 World Equestrian Games, 1993 European Championships and at seven editions of FEI Show Jumping World Cup finals (in 1990, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2007). After switching allegiances to Ukraine he also participated at the 2015 European Championships.
Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.

Shear stress
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section.  Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
Deer Lick Falls (Oregon)
Deer Lick Falls is a small waterfall from the Black Rock fork of the South Umpqua River in Douglas County, Oregon. Access to Deer Lick Falls is from Forest Road 28, approximately 4 miles northeast of South Umpqua Falls.

South Umpqua River
The South Umpqua River is a tributary of the Umpqua River, approximately 115 miles (185 km) long, in southwestern Oregon in the United States. It drains part of the Cascade Range east of Roseburg. The river passes through a remote canyon in its upper reaches then emerges in the populated South Umpqua Valley east of Canyonville.
Douglas Bischoff
Douglas G. Bischoff (1926 – May 12, 1991) was a professional optometrist, Republican politician and party worker in Utah. He served as Deputy Chief of Staff to Utah Governor Norman H. Bangerter, after serving as a state senator. He was a leader in the Utah Republican Party, serving as Republican Party Chairman and chairing Ronald Reagan's presidential campaigns in the state. He was elected to the Utah State Senate three times between 1969 and 1976.

Utah Republican Party
The Utah Republican Party is the affiliate of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Utah. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and has been for almost all of its history. It currently holds Utah's entire congressional delegation, all statewide executive offices, and supermajorities in both state legislative chambers.
Listed buildings in Brereton and Ravenhill
Brereton and Ravenhill is a civil parish in the district of Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, England.  It contains eleven buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the other is at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains Brereton, a suburb of the town of Rugeley and the countryside to the southwest.  The Trent and Mersey Canal passes through the parish, and the listed buildings associated with this are an accommodation bridge and a viaduct.  The other listed buildings are houses and associated structures, a church, a barn, a milestone, and a war memorial.

Rugeley
Rugeley (/ˈruːdʒli/ ROOJ-lee) is a market town and civil parish in the Cannock Chase District, in Staffordshire, England. It lies on the north-eastern edge of Cannock Chase next to the River Trent; it is eight miles (13 kilometres) north of Lichfield, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Stafford, five miles (8 km) northeast of Hednesford and 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Uttoxeter. At the 2021 Census, the population was 26,156.

Rugeley is twinned with Western Springs, Illinois and, in July 1962, both towns made telephone history on national television when the chairman of Rugeley Urban District Council made the first telephone call via the new Telstar satellite to the mayor of Western Springs. It was also featured in an article about workers' rights and town transformation in the 21st century.
Mnatsakanyan
Mnatsakanyan or Mnatsakanian or Mnatsaganian (Armenian: Մնացականյան, Russian: Мнацаканян) is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Karen Mnatsakanyan (born 1977), Armenian sport wrestler

Lala Mnatsakanyan (born 1957), Armenian actress

Levon Mnatsakanyan (born 1965), Minister of Defence of Artsakh

Mamikon Mnatsakanian, Armenian mathematician

Norayr Mnatsakanyan (1923–1986), Armenian singer

Zohrab Mnatsakanian (born 1966), Armenian diplomat

Ministry of Defence (Artsakh)
The Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության նախարարություն) was a government agency of the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh. It was the executive body in implementing defence policies of the Artsakh Defence Army. The final minister of defence was Lieutenant General Kamo Vardanyan.
Following an Azerbaijani assault on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024.
Charithram
Charithram (transl. History) is a 1989 Indian Malayalam-language thriller film starring Mammootty and Rahman, along with Shobana, Lizy, Jagathy Sreekumar, Janardhanan, Murali and Pappu in other pivotal roles. It was written by S. N. Swamy and directed by G. S. Vijayan in his directorial debut. The story is loosely based on the 1958 film Chase a Crooked Shadow, the title of which is openly mentioned in one of the dialogues in the movie. The film tells the story of Philip who is desperate to prove that Raju is not his brother but a lookalike and an imposter. It is considered one of the best thriller movies in Malayalam.

S. N. Swamy
Sivaram Narayana Swamy is a screenwriter, director and actor who works in the Indian film industry predominantly in the Malayalam cinema. Having born in Kochi, Kerala Swamy is particularly known for scripting films in the thriller genre. He has frequently collaborated with directors K. Madhu, Joshiy and A. K. Sajan.
Andrei Makoveev
Andrei Makoveev (born 16 October 1982) is a retired Russian biathlete. His best result at the Biathlon World Championships 2011 was in the sprint, where he placed fourth behind Peiffer, Fourcade and Bø.

Biathlon World Championships 2011
The 44th Biathlon World Championships was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia from March 3–13, 2011.

There was a total of 11 competitions: sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start, and relay races for men and women, and mixed relay. All the events during this championships also counted for the 2010–11 Biathlon World Cup season.
Edward Lee Poh Lin
Edward Lee Poh Lin (1949/50 – 20 December 2011) was a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Gasing from March 2008 to his death in December 2011. He was a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of then the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition. He was also a member of the State Transparency Committee (SELCAT).

Selangor State Legislative Assembly
The Selangor State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Negeri Selangor) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor. The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and by Malaysian political convention, are conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sabah and Sarawak).

It convenes at the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Building in the capital Shah Alam. Since 2008, Assembly proceedings have been broadcast live on the internet.
2013–14 North Superleague
The 2013–14 North Superleague was the thirteenth staging of the North Superleague, the highest tier of league competition in the North Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association. The season began on 3 August 2013. The winners of this competition are eligible to enter the 2014–15 Scottish Cup.

Culter won the title on 6 May 2014.

Scottish Junior Football Association, North Region
The Scottish Junior Football Association, North Region  was one of the two regions of the Scottish Junior Football Association. Its area covered Grampian and Moray as well as part of the Highland and Angus council areas – from Montrose in the south to Nairn in the west. The North Region featured three region-wide divisions, having reverted from the previous setup of two regional divisions below the North Superleague used for five seasons prior to 2018. It replaced the North Junior Football League (1968 to 2001) which had a similar territory and structure. On 5 July 2021, it was announced that the North Region leagues are joined from tier 6 by the North Caledonian League and Midlands League to form a fully-integrated lower tiers below the Highland League from 2021-22. In 2025 the league severed its membership with the Scottish Junior FA and became affiliated directly with the Scottish FA instead, altering its name to the North of Scotland Football League.
Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia
The Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL) was a political party in Liberia which fielded candidates in the 2005 and 2011 elections.

FAPL candidate Margaret Tor-Thompson won 0.9% of the vote in the first round of the 2005 presidential poll. The party failed to win any seats in the Senate or House of Representatives.

In the Liberian elections of 2011 the party nominated Togba-Nah Tipoteh for president.

2005 Liberian general election
General elections were held in Liberia on 11 October 2005, with a runoff election for the presidency held on 8 November. The presidency and all seats in the House of Representatives and Senate were up for election. The elections were the first held since 1997 and marked the end of the political transition following the second civil war, having been stipulated in the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2003. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former World Bank employee and Liberian finance minister, won the presidential contest and became the first democratically elected female African head of state in January 2006.
Türkmennebit
Türkmennebit (alternatively spelled Turkmennebit), also known by the translation of the name as Turkmenoil (in English) or Turkmenneft (in Russian; Туркменнебит), is the national oil company of Turkmenistan. It was established by a presidential decree reorganising parts of the former Ministry of Oil and Gas in July 1996, and has its headquarters in Ashgabat. The chairman of the company is Guychgeldi Baygeldiyev.
The main oil fields operated by Türkmennebit are Goturdepe, Barsa-gelmez, Nebitdag, Körpeje, Gamyşlyja, Çeleken and Kemer, mainly in Balkan Province near the Caspian Sea.

Hazar, Turkmenistan
Hazar, known as Çeleken until 1999 (in Russian: "Челекен;" in Persian: "چهارکن," Chaharken) is a seaport town located on the Cheleken Peninsula of the Caspian Sea. In November 2022, it was downgraded from city-with-district-status to a town and, along with Gumdag, became subordinate to the city of Balkanabat. As of 2022, its population reached 14,671 people.
Dar'a
Dar'a, also known as Azbi-Dera, is an area in the eastern Tigray Region of northern Ethiopia. The city of `Addi Galamo, where many pre-Aksumite D`mt and Aksumite artifacts have been found is located in Dar'a.

Dʿmt
dʿmt  (Ge'ez: ደዐመተ, romanized: dʿmt; theoretically vocalized ዳዓማት, *Daʿamat or ዳዕማት,  *Daʿəmat) was a Ethio-Sabaean kingdom located in present-day Eritrea and the northern Tigray Region of Ethiopia.

The exact dates of its existence remain unknown. However, a timeframe spanning from the end of the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC is a hypothesis. Few inscriptions by or about this kingdom survive, and very little archaeological work has taken place. As a result, it is not known whether dʿmt ended as a civilization before the Kingdom of Aksum's early stages, evolved into the Aksumite state, or was one of the smaller states united in the Kingdom of Aksum, possibly around 150 BC.
Dan Swanstrom
Daniel Swanstrom (born c. 1982) is an American college football coach. He is the 28th and current head football coach for Cornell University, a position he has held since the 2024 season. He was the head football coach for Ithaca College from 2017 to 2021.

Cornell Big Red football
The Cornell Big Red football team represents Cornell University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) college football competition as a member of the Ivy League. It is one of the oldest and most storied football programs in the nation. The team has attained five national championships and has had seven players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Rich Hart
Richard Edward Hart also known as Dick Hart (born October 5, 1952) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman.

During the 1976–77 season, Hart played four games in the World Hockey Association with the Birmingham Bulls.

Birmingham Bulls (WHA)
The Birmingham Bulls were a professional ice hockey team based in Birmingham, Alabama. They played in the World Hockey Association from 1976 to 1979 and the Central Hockey League from 1979 to 1981. The Bulls played their home games at the Birmingham Jefferson Convention Center.

Prior to being in Birmingham, the team was known as the Ottawa Nationals and the Toronto Toros. The Birmingham Bulls' name has been used for other hockey teams such as the Birmingham Bulls of the East Coast Hockey League and the Birmingham Bulls of the Southern Professional Hockey League.