hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michele Cianciulli
Michele Cianciulli (1895–1965) was an Italian lawyer, historian, and philosopher.

Cianciulli,  born in Montella, was charged with the teaching of philosophy at the University La Sapienza in Rome.

He has written books in history and philosophy. The most well-known are the works on King Manfred of Sicily and on Brigantaggio.

Known for his moral integrity he executed the last wills for several important inheritances and was a known anti-fascist in the period 1922-1945.

He was the administrator responsible for the Grande Oriente di Italia in the 1950-1955. He was friends with and exchanged letters with the composer Nino Rota. He died in Rome in 1965.

Post-unification Italian brigandage
Brigandage in Southern Italy (Italian: brigantaggio) had existed in some form since ancient times. However, its origins as outlaws targeting random travellers would evolve vastly later on to become a form of a political resistance movement, especially from the 19th century onward. During the time of the Napoleonic conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, the first signs of political resistance brigandage came to public light, as the Bourbon loyalists of the country refused to accept the new Bonapartist rulers and actively fought against them until the Bourbon monarchy had been reinstated. Some claim that the word brigandage is a euphemism for what was in fact a civil war.
Tanisha C. Ford
Tanisha C. Ford (born c. 1980) is an American scholar, historian, and author. She is professor in the History Department at the Graduate Center at The City University of New York. Ford is an expert on black historical fashion and culture. She was named of the 100 most influential African Americans by The Root. She additionally writes for The Atlantic, and contributed to The New York Times, The Root, Elle.com, and Aperture.

Aperture (magazine)
Aperture magazine, based in New York City, is an international quarterly journal specializing in photography. Founded in 1952, Aperture magazine is the flagship publication of Aperture Foundation.

The headquarters of Aperture magazine and the Aperture Foundation and Gallery are at 547 West 27th Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10001.
Plaza Sarmiento (Rosario)
Plaza Sarmiento is a plaza (urban square) in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Its name is a homage to former Argentine president Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.

Plaza Sarmiento is situated in a strategic location within the Rosario downtown area, and serves as a transport node for many urban and short-distance interurban bus lines. It occupies almost two blocks, defined by San Luis St., Entre Ríos St., Mendoza St. and Corrientes St. It is divided by San Juan St. (running east–west). It features a monument crowned by a statue of Sarmiento, known as a pioneer and promoter of public education in Argentina. The only route of the Rosario trolleybus system, line K, passes through Plaza Sarmiento.

The plaza currently hosts an outdoors artisans' fair several days each week.

President of Argentina
The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes, both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández.

The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election.
Macaé
Macaé (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐkɐˈɛ]) is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, 180 km northeast of the state capital. It is the birthplace of the 13th president of Brazil, Washington Luís.

President of Brazil
The president of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil.

The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions, three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil, along with several constitutional amendments, establishes the requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.
Beautiful Lies (Yung Bleu and Kehlani song)
"Beautiful Lies" is a song by American singers Yung Bleu and Kehlani from the former's debut studio album Moon Boy (2021). It was initially released as a promotional single on July 21, 2021, before being sent to rhythmic contemporary radio on November 2, 2021 as the album's fifth single.
The song was produced by Chazzz Music, Dashawn “Happie” White and Dinuzzo.

Rhythmic contemporary
Rhythmic contemporary, also known as Rhythmic Top 20, Rhythmic Top 30, Rhythmic Top 40, Rhythmic CHR or rhythmic crossover, is a primarily American music-radio format that includes a mix of EDM, upbeat rhythmic pop, hip-hop and upbeat R&B hits. Rhythmic contemporary never uses hard rock or country in its airplay, but it may occasionally use a reggae, Latin, reggaeton, or an urban contemporary gospel hit. Essentially, the format is a cross between the mainstream radio and urban contemporary radio formats.
Empire Brewing Company
Empire Brewing Company was a Syracuse, New York-based microbrewery and restaurant founded by owner, David Katleski, in 1994. The company was known for their craft brews and their locally sourced, seasonal food menus. In 2013, Empire Brewing Company was featured on an episode of Diners, Drive-ins, and Dives. Empire's beers won nine medals at the Great American Beer Festival and two World Beer Cups.

In 2013, Katleski was awarded the F.X. Matt Defender of the Industry Award at the Craft Brewers Conference for his work supporting the interests of New York's craft brewers.

In 2016 Empire constructed a new brewing and packaging facility in Cazenovia, New York. The farm brewery sits on 22 acres of farmland which has been cultivated for barley, hops and other brewing ingredients. In August 2019, the Empire Farm Brewery filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after facing more than $10,000,000 in debts. Both the Empire Farm Brewery as well as the Walton Street location have since closed.

Great American Beer Festival
The Great American Beer Festival (GABF) is an annual beer festival hosted by the Brewers Association, held in Denver, Colorado. Typically held in late September or early October, the event is currently held at Denver's Colorado Convention Center. Established in 1982, it is the largest ticketed beer festival in the U.S. and one of the largest in the world.
2010–11 in Romanian football
The 2010–11 season in Romanian football was held between the summer of 2010 and the summer of 2011. The first division consisted of 18 teams, with CFR Cluj as the defending champions. The men's national team started the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign in Group D, along with France, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Luxembourg.

Luxembourg national football team
The Luxembourg national football team (nicknamed the Red Lions; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch Foussballnationalekipp, French: Équipe du Luxembourg de football, German: Luxemburgische Fußballnationalmannschaft) is the national football team of Luxembourg, and is controlled by the Luxembourg Football Federation. The team plays most of its home matches at the Stade de Luxembourg in Luxembourg City.

Luxembourg has participated in every FIFA World Cup qualifiers since those for the 1934 World Cup, and in UEFA European Championship qualifiers since those for Euro 1964. As of 2026, they have never qualified for any of these major tournaments. Luxembourg is the nation with the most qualifying campaigns in both of these competitions without ever making it to the finals. However, they did compete in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952.
Earthlight
Earthlight is the diffuse reflection of sunlight reflected from Earth's surface and clouds. Earthshine (an example of planetshine) causes the Moon's ashen light, the dim illumination of the otherwise unilluminated portion of the Moon by this indirect sunlight.

Earthlight on the Moon during the waxing crescent is sometimes called "the old Moon in the new Moon's arms", while that during the waning crescent is called "the new Moon in the old Moon's arms".

Crescent
A crescent shape (/ˈkrɛsənt/, UK also /ˈkrɛzənt/) is a symbol or emblem used to represent the lunar phase (as it appears in the northern hemisphere) in the first quarter (the "sickle moon"), or by extension a symbol representing the Moon itself.

In Hindu iconography, Shiva is often shown wearing a crescent moon on his head, symbolising his control over time, as well as his attributes of both creation and destruction.

It is used as the astrological symbol for the Moon, and hence as the alchemical symbol for silver. It was also the emblem of Diana/Artemis, and hence represented virginity. In veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church, it is associated with Mary, mother of Jesus.

From its use as roof finial in Ottoman mosques, it has also become associated with Islam, and the crescent was introduced as chaplain badge for Muslim United States military chaplains in 1993.
Blue Glacier
Blue Glacier is a large glacier located to the north of Mount Olympus in the Olympic Mountains of Washington. The glacier covers an area of 1.7 sq mi (4.4 km2) and contains 580,000,000 cu ft (16,000,000 m3) of ice and snow in spite of its low terminus elevation. The glacier length has decreased from about 3.4 mi (5.5 km) in 1800 to 2.7 mi (4.3 km) in the year 2000. Just in the period from 1995 and 2006, Blue Glacier retreated 325 ft (99 m). Blue Glacier is also thinning as it retreats and between 1987 and 2009 the glacier lost 178 ft (54 m) of its depth near its terminus and between 32 and 48 ft (9.8 and 14.6 m) in the uppermost sections of the glacier known as the accumulation zone.

Olympic Mountains
The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.  The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are not especially high – Mount Olympus is the highest summit at 7,980 ft (2,432 m); however, the eastern slopes rise precipitously out of Puget Sound from sea level, and the western slopes are separated from the Pacific Ocean by the low-lying 20 to 35 km (12 to 22 mi) wide Pacific Ocean coastal plain. These densely forested western slopes are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states. Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of Olympic National Park and adjoining segments of Olympic National Forest.

The mountains are located in western Washington in the United States, spread out across four counties: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson and Mason. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which is in turn a part of the larger Pacific Mountain System.
Coke Studio Pakistan season 13
The 2020 edition of the Pakistani Music television series Coke Studio Pakistan, titled as Coke Studio 2020, commenced airing on 4 December 2020 and concluded on 25 December 2020. The season was produced by show's founder Rohail Hyatt and distributed by Coca-Cola Pakistan.

Coke Studio 2020 was opened by an all-female anthem "Na Tutteya Ve". The show is the shortest season in Coke Studio's history, with a total of 12 original songs released in the span of one month, accompanied by a revised video format. The revised video format was similar to Season 6's format.

Meesha Shafi
Meesha Shafi (Urdu: میشا شفیع) is a Pakistani-born Canadian singer, actress and model.

She made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2013 Mira Nair's film, The Reluctant Fundamentalist. She achieved further critical success for her role as Laxmi, an Indian spy agency Research and Analysis Wing's operative, in Bilal Lashari's action thriller film Waar, which ranks among the highest-grossing Pakistani films of all time in Pakistan.
Polish Open (golf)
The Polish Open is the oldest and most prestigious professional golf tournament in Poland. First played in 1994, from 1996 to 1999 it was included on the Challenge Tour, and subsequently on the Pro Golf Tour (formerly known as the EPD Tour).

In its capacity as a national open golf championship, starting with 1994 champion Gary Marks the winner earned qualification to the Sarazen World Open, an unofficial money event on the PGA Tour 1994–1999 featuring national open winners.

Challenge Tour
The Challenge Tour, currently titled as the HotelPlanner Tour for sponsorship reasons and also sometimes referred to as the European Challenge Tour, is the second-tier men's professional golf tour in Europe. It is operated by the PGA European Tour and similarly with the main European Tour and the European Senior Tour, some of the events are played outside Europe.
Reaffirmation agreement
A reaffirmation agreement in United States bankruptcy law refers to an agreement made between a creditor and the debtor that waives discharge of a debt that would otherwise be discharged in the pending bankruptcy proceeding. A properly executed, timely filed reaffirmation agreement modifies the discharge such that it is rendered inoperable against the subject debt.  Most statutory authority for reaffirmation agreements is codified at 11 U.S.C. § 524(c).

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
Itsuko Nashimoto
Itsuko Nashimoto (梨本 伊都子, February 2, 1882 - August 19, 1976) was a former Japanese imperial family member. She was the wife of Prince Morimasa Nashimoto and the daughter of Marquis Naohiro Nabeshima and was an older sister of Nobuko Matsudaira. Before leaving the imperial family, she held the title of princess, and her honorific title under the Imperial Household Law was Her Imperial Highness (殿下, Denka). During her time as a royal, she was known as Princess Morimasa Itsuko.

She became involved in Japanese Red Cross activities and contributed to wartime nursing efforts. After leaving the imperial family in 1947, she lived as a private citizen until her death.

Marquess
A marquess (UK: /ˈmɑːrkwɪs/; French: marquis [maʁki]) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave) and the Italian-language equivalent Marchese. A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) of a marquess is a marchioness (/ˈmɑːrʃənɛs/) or marquise (French: [maʁkiz] ⓘ). These titles are also used to translate equivalent Asian styles, as in Imperial China and Imperial Japan.
The Best of Country Sing the Best of Disney
The Best of Country Sing the Best of Disney is an album featuring country music artists singing Disney songs. It was released on September 10, 1996 by Walt Disney Records. The album peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and number 107 on the all-genre Billboard 200.

Walt Disney Records
Walt Disney Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group. The label releases soundtrack albums from the Walt Disney Company's motion picture studios, television shows, theme parks and traditional studio albums produced by its roster of pop, teen pop and country artists.

The music label was founded in the Spring of 1956 as Disneyland Records. Before that time, Disney recordings were licensed to a variety of other labels such as RCA, Decca, Capitol, ABC-Paramount, and United Artists. It was Disney Legend Jimmy Johnson who convinced Walt Disney’s brother Roy O. Disney that Disney, at time known as Walt Disney Productions should form their own record label. It adopted its current name in 1988 and is currently distributed worldwide by Universal Music Group.
Focus stealing
In computing, focus stealing is a mode error occurring when a program not in focus (e.g. minimized or operating in background) places a window in the foreground and redirects all keyboard input to that window. This is considered to be an annoyance or hazard to some users because the program may steal the focus while the user is typing, causing keystrokes to go to the newly focused window, possibly being lost or causing an unintended effect therein.  This may be a few keystrokes due to reaction time, or may be more if the user's attention is not on the computer screen, e.g. typing while looking at the keyboard or while reading copy to the side, or if processor lag causes a delay (sometimes of several seconds) between the focus stealing event and the newly focused window displaying on the screen.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Nikolay Atanasov
Nikolay Atanasov-Joko (Bulgarian: Николай Атанасов-Джоко; born 11 December 1974 in Sofia), also spelled Nikolai Atanasov, is a Bulgarian long jumper. His personal best jump is 8.31 metres, achieved in July 2003 in Pirgos.

He competed at the World Championships in 1999, 2003 and 2007, the Olympic Games in 2000, 2004 and 2008, the 2002 European Indoor Championships and the 2006 European Championships. On neither occasion he reached the final. He finally reached the final at the 2008 World Indoor Championships, finishing fifth.

On national and regional level, Atanasov won the Bulgarian Championships nine times, the Bulgarian Indoor Championships eight times, the Balkan Championships once and the Balkan Indoor Championships three times.

2006 European Athletics Championships
The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.
Jessica Turnbull
Jessica van der Walt, (née Turnbull (born 23 June 1995) is an Australian female squash player. She reached a career high ranking of 56 in the world during January 2024. Jessica was also part of the 2017 PSA World Tour.

After marrying she played under her married name of van der Walt.

In April 2025, van der Walt won her 8th PSA title after securing victory in the World Championship Qualifiers during the 2024–25 PSA Squash Tour.

2024–25 PSA Squash Tour
The 2024–25 PSA Squash Tour was the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2024–25 squash season. It was the 10th PSA season since the merger of PSA and WSA associations in 2015.

The most important tournaments in the series are the PSA World Championship for Men's and Women's. The tour also features two circuits of regular events—PSA World Events (formerly PSA World Tour), which feature the highest prize money and the best fields; and PSA Challenger Events with prize money ranging $3,000–$15,000. In the middle of the year (usually in June), the PSA Squash Tour - World Events tour is concluded by the Men's and Women's PSA Squash Tour Finals in a to be determined venue, the season-ending championships for the top 8 rated players from PSA World Events level tournaments.
Miss Grand Tanzania 2024
Miss Grand Tanzania 2024 was the 2nd edition of the Miss Grand Tanzania pageant, held in Dar es Salaam on August 31, 2024, at the Warehouse Arena Masaki. Fifteen contestants competed for the title. Of whom, a 23-year-old medical student, Fatma Suleiman, was announced the winner. Fatma represented Tanzania at Miss Grand International 2024 competition, in MGI Hall, Bangkok, Thailand in October 25 but she was unplaced.

In addition to the main winner, the country representatives for other 2024 international contests, including Miss Cosmo and Miss Africa International, were also determined.

The event featured a live performance by a Tanzanian singer, Nandy, and was live transmitted to audiences nationwide via television partner, ZamaradiTV, on Azam TV Channel 413.

Azam TV
Azam TV is an East African direct broadcast satellite service owned by Bakhresa Group and based in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Launched in 2013, the service provides audio, radio and television channels services to subscribers, and encrypted by nagravision. mostly in Tanzania, Malawi, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Uganda, and Kenya.
Aron Maberry
Aron Maberry (born April 15, 1985) is an American pastor and Republican politician serving in the Tennessee House of Representatives for the 68th district, which covers parts of Montgomery County. He was elected in 2024 and assumed office in January 2025. Maberry also serves as a member of the Clarksville-Montgomery County School Board.

Tennessee House of Representatives 68th district
Tennessee House of Representatives District 68 is one of the 99 legislative districts in the Tennessee House of Representatives. The district covers parts of eastern Montgomery County, Tennessee (including the eastern side of Clarksville, Tennessee).
2019 SEA Games cauldron
The 2019 Southeast Asian Games cauldron is a structure at the New Clark City Athletic Stadium in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines and was made for the 30th Southeast Asian Games with National Artist Francisco Mañosa responsible for the design. It was lit for the Opening Ceremony of the regional games which was held at the Philippine Arena in Bocaue, Bulacan.

Capas
Capas, officially the Municipality of Capas (Kapampangan: Balen ning Capas;  
Tagalog: Bayan ng Capas), is a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 162,724 people.

It is one of the richest towns in the province. The town also consists of numerous subdivisions and exclusive villages.

Capas is known as the “Tourism Capital of Tarlac." Apart from being known as the final site of the infamous Bataan Death March, it is also known for Mount Pinatubo treks, where thousands of mountaineers and visitors go. The town has some industrial factories like the PilMiCo.