hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Otto Gustav Quedenfeldt
Friedrich Otto Gustav Quedenfeldt (14 June 1817, Graudenz – 20 December 1891, Berlin) was a German entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera.

He was a Major General in the Prussian army. His son Max Quedenfeldt (13 June 1851,  Glogau – 18 September 1891,  Berlin), a Lieutenant in the Prussian Army, was an insect dealer who made collecting expeditions to Morocco (1880, 1883 and 1885/86), Algeria (1884), the Canary Islands (1887), Tripoli and Tunisia (1888/89) and Anatolia (Kleinasien) (1891) .

Grudziądz
Grudziądz ([ˈɡrud͡ʑɔnt͡s] ⓘ; Latin: Graudentum, Graudentium, German: Graudenz) is a city in northern Poland, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the Vistula River, it lies within the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the fourth-largest city in its province.

Grudziądz is one of the oldest cities in north-central Poland, founded by King Bolesław I the Brave over 1000 years ago. The well-preserved Old Town has various Gothic and Baroque landmarks, several included on the European Route of Brick Gothic, most notably the unique Grudziądz Granaries, declared a Historic Monument of Poland. Grudziądz is a former royal city of Poland, and became known as the "City of Uhlans" being the location of the former Polish Cavalry Training Centre. Situated at the crossroads of important highways, it is a city of industry and services, and a noted centre for water sports and motorcycle speedway racing.
Cesqeaux
Daniël Francesco Tuparia (born 24 July 1993), better known by his stage name Cesqeaux (/ˈsɛskoʊ/ SESS-koh), is a Dutch record producer and DJ.

Cesqeaux has released original tracks, but has been featured in tracks on Dim Mak Records, Mixmash Records, Max Records, Mad Decent, Interscope Records, and more.

He has collaborated with other DJs including; David Guetta, Afrojack, Mike Cervello, Wiwek, LNY TNZ, Mightyfools, Kayzo, San Holo, Curbi and more.

Cesqeaux has performed at music festivals such as Tomorrowland Brazil, Tomorrowland Belgium, and Dance Valley, and has been featured on the biggest talk show in the Netherlands, De Wereld Draait Door (also known as DWDD.)

DJ Laidback Luke stated about Cesqeaux that "He has showmanship, he has passion, he has looks, he has the voice—he's going to be big."

De Wereld Draait Door
De Wereld Draait Door ([də ˈʋeːrəl(t) draːit ˈdoːr]; DWDD) was an early-evening talk show on Dutch television, broadcast every weekday at 7:00 p.m. on NPO 1. It was the Netherlands' longest-running, regularly scheduled TV entertainment show and had the second-highest viewing figures of any Dutch television program, beaten only by the main evening news at 8.00 p.m. The title meant "The World Keeps Turning", or figuratively "The World Is Going Mad". The show, created by Dieuwke Wynia and produced by BNNVARA, was discontinued after the last episode on 27 March 2020.
Catalogue 1987–1995
Catalogue 1987–1995 is a compilation album by Buck-Tick, released on December 1, 1995. It compiles every single the band released while signed to Victor Entertainment, with the exception of "Candy", in release order. The album reached number eight on the Oricon chart and was certified gold in the month of its release.

A video version with the corresponding music videos to the songs was also released on VHS simultaneously, eventually a DVD version was released on May 23, 2001, this time including the music video for "Candy" as a bonus track. The album was later remastered and re-released on CD on September 5, 2007, also including "Candy" as a bonus track.

Victor Entertainment
Victor Entertainment, Inc. (ビクターエンタテインメント株式会社, Bikutā Entateinmento kabushiki-gaisha) is a subsidiary of JVCKenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.
Pasteur (film)
Pasteur is a 1935 French biographical drama film directed by Sacha Guitry and Fernand Rivers and starring Guitry, Maurice Schutz and Gaston Dubosc. It portrays the life of the French scientist Louis Pasteur. Guitry had previous written a 1919 play about Pasteur, in which his father Lucien Guitry had starred.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys. Location shooting took place at the Sorbonne in Paris and around Pasteur's hometown of Arbois in Eastern France.

Arbois
Arbois (French pronunciation: [aʁbwa]; Arpitan: Arboué) is a commune in the Jura department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, eastern France. The river Cuisance passes through the town, which centres on an arcaded central square where one can sample the local wines.

The commune has been awarded two flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the competition of Cities and Villages in Bloom.
Kentucky Route 218
Kentucky Route 218 (KY 218) is a 31.113-mile-long (50.072 km) west-east state highway that traverses three counties in south-central Kentucky. It is locally known as LeGrande Highway from Horse Cave to near Shady Grove.

Edmonson County, Kentucky
Edmonson County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,126. Its county seat and only municipality is Brownsville. The county was formed in 1825 and named for Captain John "Jack" Edmonson (1764–1813), who was killed at the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812. This is a dry county where the sale of alcohol is prohibited. Edmonson County is included in the Bowling Green metropolitan area.
Super Bock Ladies Open
The Super Bock Ladies Open is a women's professional golf tournament on the LET Access Series, first held in 2025 in the municipality of Chaves, Portugal.

The tournament marked the return of the LET Access Series to Portugal after the Azores Ladies Open was discontinued after 2017. Sponsored by the Super Bock Group, the event is hosted at the group's Vidago Palace Hotel.

LET Access Series
The LET Access Series (LETAS) is a professional golf tour for women and the official development tour to the Ladies European Tour.

Launched in 2010, the LET Access Series provides players with an opportunity to compete and progress on to the LET. Eligible for membership are all female professional golfers and amateurs over 18 with a handicap of 2 or better.
Taeniochromis holotaenia
Taeniochromis holotaenia is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa where it is widespread at depths of from 7 to 61 metres (23 to 200 ft).  This fish can reach a length of 22 centimetres (8.7 in) TL.  It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
George Mosse Fund
The Foundation George Mosse Fund of the University of Amsterdam (Stichting George Mosse Fonds van de Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a Dutch foundation (stichting) that aims to promote gay and lesbian studies. It was founded in 2001 at the University of Amsterdam, with a bequest from George Mosse's inheritance, given out of appreciation for the cultural-historical education and research on homosexuality in Amsterdam. The foundation is known primarily for its annual lecture.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
1999 Sweden Hockey Games
The 1999 Sweden Hockey Games was played between 9 and 14 February 1999 in Stockholm, Sweden. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden, Russia and  Canada played a round-robin for a total of four games per team and 10 games in total. All of the games were played in the Globen in Stockholm, Sweden. The tournament was won by Finland. The tournament was part of 1998–99 Euro Hockey Tour.

Games against Canada was not included in the 1998–99 Euro Hockey Tour.

Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as the Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as the Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen (Swedish: [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'the Globe'), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the name changes, the local metro station is still named Globen metro station.

The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
Now or Never (Mark Medlock song)
"Now or Never" is a song by German recording artist Mark Medlock, the winner of the fourth season of the reality television talent show Deutschland sucht den Superstar, broadcast on RTL in 2007. Serving as both his coronation song and debut single, the song was written and produced by DSDS judge Dieter Bohlen. Released in May 2007, it reached the top of the singles charts in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.

Deutschland sucht den Superstar season 4
The fourth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar was aired on German channel RTL from February to May 2007. Mark Medlock, the season's winner, was awarded a contract with Sony BMG. The judges in this season were Dieter Bohlen, Heinz Henn, Anja Lukaseder. It was hosted by Marco Schreyl and Tooske Ragas. The viewers chose the contestant's fates as they were able to call for their favorite contestant. The voting results were published on 7 May. The winner got a 10-year contract and €100,000. Twenty percent went to the winner's manager who was chosen by the creators.
Hong Ning Road Park
Hong Ning Road Park (Chinese: 康寧道公園) is a public park between the districts of Ngau Tau Kok and Sau Mau Ping in Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is divided into two phases linked by a staircase. The park is distinct from the similarly-named Hong Ning Road Recreation Ground, which is located down the hill closer to Kwun Tong Town Centre.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Hannah Georgas (album)
Hannah Georgas is the second studio album by Vancouver-based artist Hannah Georgas. Produced by Graham Walsh of the Canadian electronic band Holy Fuck, it was released by Dine Alone Records on October 2, 2012.

The album won "Pop Recording of the Year" at the Western Canadian Music Awards in 2013. It was nominated for Alternative Album of the Year at the 2013 Juno Awards, and was included on the 2013 Polaris Music Prize longlist.

The song "Millions" was featured in the closing of the Girls episode "Free Snacks" on February 9, 2014.

Western Canadian Music Awards
The Western Canadian Music Awards (WCMAs) is an annual awards event for music in the western portion of Canada. The awards are provided by the Western Canada Music Alliance, which consists of six member music industry organizations from British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Yukon, and The Northwest Territories.

The Western Canadian Music Awards presentation gala takes place on the final evening of the Breakout West music conference & festival, which takes place in a different Western Canadian city each year.
Visa requirements for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines citizens
Visa requirements for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. As of 2025, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 156 countries and territories, ranking the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines passport 24th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines signed a mutual visa waiver agreement with Schengen Area countries on 28 May 2015.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Tourism in Antarctica
Tourism started in Antarctica by the sea in the 1960s. Air overflights started in the 1970s with sightseeing flights by airliners from Australia and New Zealand, and were resumed in the 1990s. The (summer) tour season lasts from November to March. Most of the estimated 14,762 visitors to Antarctica from 1999–2000 were on sea cruises.  During the 2009 to 2010 tourist season, over 37,000 people visited Antarctica.

Scott Base
Scott Base is a New Zealand Antarctic research station at Pram Point on Ross Island near Mount Erebus in New Zealand's Ross Dependency territorial claim. It was named in honour of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, RN, leader of two British expeditions to the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. The base was set up as support to field research and the centre for research into earth sciences, and now conducts research in many fields, operated by Antarctica New Zealand.

The base is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the larger U.S. McMurdo Station via Willy Field road, the main road to Williams Field.
Thermomechanical cuttings cleaner
The thermomechanical cuttings cleaner (TCC) is a patented technology mainly used by service providers in the oil and gas industry to separate and recover the components of oil-contaminated drilling waste. A TCC converts kinetic energy to thermal energy in a thermal desorption process which efficiently transforms drilling waste into re-usable products.  Using kinetic energy instead of indirect heating allows for very short retention times and as a consequence the quality of the separated components is not affected by the treatment. Thus the recovered water, base oil and solids can be re-used after the treatment process.

Thermal energy
The term "thermal energy" is often used ambiguously in physics and engineering. It can denote several different physical concepts, including:

Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system.

Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

The characteristic energy kBT, where T denotes temperature and kB denotes the Boltzmann constant; it is twice that associated with each degree of freedom.

Mark Zemansky (1970) has argued that the term "thermal energy" is best avoided due to its ambiguity. He suggests using more precise terms such as "internal energy" and "heat" to avoid confusion. The term is, however, used in some textbooks.
1991 Mauritanian constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Mauritania on 12 July 1991. The new constitution would restore multi-party democracy for the first time since the 1960s, as well as creating a bicameral Parliament with a Senate and National Assembly. The constitution would not include term limits for the President.

It was approved by 98% of voters with an 85% turnout.

Mauritanian Parliament
The Mauritanian Parliament (Arabic: برلمان موريتانيا; French: Parlement mauritanien) is composed of a single chamber, the National Assembly. Composed of 176 members, representatives are elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies.

Until August 2017, the parliament had an upper house, the Senate. The Senate had 56 members, 53 members elected for a six-year term by municipal councillors with one third renewed every two years and 3 members elected by Mauritanians abroad. It was abolished in 2017, after a referendum.

Currently, the National Assembly is headed by Mohamed Ould Meguett who was elected as its president. The last election was on 13 and 27 May 2023. In it, the Equity Party holds the most number of seats.
2023 MundoTenis Open – Doubles
Sara Errani and Léolia Jeanjean won the doubles title at the 2023 MundoTenis Open, defeating Julia Lohoff and Conny Perrin in the final, 7–5, 3–6, [10–7].

Lyudmyla and Nadiia Kichenok were the reigning champions from 2016, when the event was a WTA International tournament, but did not participate this year.

Conny Perrin
Conny Perrin (born 25 December 1990) is a Swiss tennis player.
On 22 October 2018, she reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 134, and on 7 October 2024, she peaked at No. 99 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Perrin owns one doubles title on the WTA Challenger Tour - the 2023 Copa LP Chile. She has also won 13 singles and 28 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Michael Rulli
Michael Anthony Rulli (born March 11, 1969) is an American politician and businessman serving as the  U.S. representative for Ohio's 6th congressional district since 2024. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as an Ohio State Senator for the 33rd district from 2019 to 2024.

Rulli is the director of operations at Rulli Bros. Markets, a family-owned chain of grocery stores based in the Mahoning Valley region.

Ohio's 33rd senatorial district
Ohio's 33rd senatorial district has historically been based in the Mahoning Valley.  It now consists of the counties of Columbiana and Mahoning. It encompasses Ohio House of Representatives districts 5, 58 and 59. The district was represented by the Senate President from 1983 to 1984 with Senator Harry Meshel. It has a Cook PVI of R+9. Its current Ohio Senator is Republican Alessandro Cutrona.
1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike
The 1917 Bloomington Streetcar Strike was a labor dispute starting on May 28, 1917 when ATU Local 752 called a strike for union recognition, increased pay, and a shortened workday.

Facing a strike, Bloomington & Normal Street Railway & Light offered a 20¢ a day increase before the strike but refused to give union recognition, so the union struck. A month into the strike Mother Jones rallied for the cause.

It ended in July when the mayor of Bloomington, E.E. Jones, mediated contract talks between the workers and company from July 6 to 9. During this, Illinois National Guard had been stationed outside the courthouse where mediation was occurring and B&N’s power plant, equipped with machine gun emplacements.

An agreement was reached on July 9, 1917 in a victory for the union, winning recognition, reduced hours, and increased pay.

Illinois Terminal Railroad
The Illinois Terminal Railroad Company (reporting mark ITC), known as the Illinois Traction System until 1937, was a heavy duty interurban electric railroad with extensive passenger and freight business in central and southern Illinois from 1896 to 1956. When Depression era Illinois Traction was in financial distress and had to reorganize, the Illinois Terminal name was adopted to reflect the line's primary money making role as a freight interchange link to major steam railroads at its terminal ends, Peoria, Danville, and St. Louis. Interurban passenger service slowly was reduced, ending in 1956. Freight operation continued but was hobbled by tight street running in some towns requiring very sharp radius turns. In 1956, ITC was absorbed by a consortium of connecting railroads.
Upperville Historic District
Upperville Historic District is a national historic district located at Upperville, Fauquier County, Virginia.  It encompasses 75 contributing buildings in the rural village of Upperville.  The district includes residential, commercial, and institutional buildings that mostly date to the first half of the 19th century.  Notable buildings include the Joseph Carr houses (1796, 1810), the Doctor Smith House (1830s), the United Methodist Church (1833), the Upperville library (1826), the Upperville Primitive Baptist Church (1840) and the Baptist Church (1889).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Fauquier County, Virginia
Fauquier County /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a United States county located on the Piedmont plateau of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Northern Virginia region, Fauquier is included in the Washington metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 72,972. The county seat is the large historic town of  Warrenton.

The county was created in 1759 from part of Prince William County and was named in honor of Francis Fauquier, the administrative head of Virginia Colony at the time.  Fauquier hosts the Virginia Gold Cup, which, having started in 1922, is one of the longest running steeplechase horse race events in the United States.
Gąski, Ciechanów County
Gąski [ˈɡɔ̃ski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ciechanów, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. In 1975-1998 village belonged to Ciechanów Voivodeship.

Ciechanów County
Ciechanów County (Polish: powiat ciechanowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ciechanów, which lies 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of Warsaw. The only other town in the county is Glinojeck, lying 25 km (16 mi) west of Ciechanów.

The county covers an area of 1,062.62 square kilometres (410.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 89,460, out of which the population of Ciechanów is 44,118, that of Glinojeck is 3,019, and the rural population is 42,323.
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State: in the Light of the Researches of Lewis H. Morgan (German: Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staats) is an 1884 anthropological treatise by Friedrich Engels. It is partially based on notes by Karl Marx to Lewis H. Morgan's book Ancient Society (1877). The book is an early historical materialist work and is regarded as one of the first major works on family economics.

Pathfinder tendency
The Pathfinder tendency is the unofficial name of a group of historically Trotskyist organizations that cooperate politically and organizationally with the Socialist Workers Party of the United States and support its solidarity with the Cuban Revolution and the Communist Party of Cuba.

The group operates Pathfinder Bookstores, which sell the products of the SWP's publishing arm, Pathfinder Press. It is also known as the International Communist League, although this term is not widely used, and can cause confusion with other organizations of the same name. The Communist Leagues, even those in non-English-speaking countries, sell the SWP publication The Militant.