hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UWB ranging
Ultra-wideband impulse radio ranging (or UWB-IR ranging) is a wireless positioning technology based on IEEE 802.15.4z standard, which is a wireless communication protocol introduced by IEEE, for systems operating in unlicensed spectrum, equipped with extremely large bandwidth transceivers. UWB enables very accurate ranging (in the order of centimeters) without introducing significant interference with narrowband systems. To achieve these stringent requirements, UWB-IR systems exploit the available bandwidth (which exceeds 500 MHz for systems compliant to IEEE 802.15.4z protocol) that they support, which guarantees very accurate timing (and thus ranging) and robustness against multipath, especially in indoor environments. The available bandwidth also enables UWB systems to spread the signal power over a large spectrum (this technology is thus called spread spectrum), avoiding narrowband interference.

Length measurement
Length measurement, distance measurement, or range measurement (ranging) all refer to the many ways in which length, distance, or range can be measured. The most commonly used approaches are the rulers, followed by transit-time methods and the interferometer methods based upon the speed of light. Surveying is one ancient use of measuring long distances.

For tiny objects such as crystals and diffraction gratings, diffraction is used with X-ray light, or even electron beams. Measurement techniques for three-dimensional structures very small in every dimension use specialized instruments such as ion microscopy coupled with intensive computer modeling. These techniques are employed, for example, to measure the tiny features on wafers during the manufacture of chips.
Hibbs, Pennsylvania
Hibbs is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 166, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) north of Masontown. Hibbs has a post office with ZIP code 15443.

Masontown, Pennsylvania
Masontown is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. The population of the borough was 3,274 at the 2020 census. It is served by the Albert Gallatin Area School District. Masontown is a small crossroads for the rural portions of western Fayette County, and it contains a small shopping center and a grocery store within its business district.
Sohyang
Kim So-hyang (Korean: 김소향; Hanja: 金昭享, born April 5, 1978), known mononymously as Sohyang, is a South Korean singer-songwriter.

According to Sohyang, her goal is to use her voice to comfort people who are going through difficult times. Sohyang is also an author of fiction, having published multiple fantasy novels since 2013, the most well-known of them being Crystal Castle and Anaxion. She has been dubbed by some journalists in the international media as the "Korean Mariah Carey".

Singer season 2
I Am a Singer (season 2), is the second season of the Chinese TV series I Am a Singer produced by Hunan TV, produced by Hong Tao, and the show's music director is Kubert Leung.

The season premiered on January 3, 2014, and concluded on April 4, 2014, with a live Biennial concert aired on April 11, 2014. Chinese Singer Han Lei was the winner of the season, with Hong Kong singer G.E.M. finishing as runner-up.
HMS Argo
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Argo, after the Argo, the ship of Jason and the Argonauts:

HMS Argo (1758) was a 28-gun sixth rate frigate launched in 1758 and broken up by 1776.

HMS Argo (1780) was a schooner purchased in 1780 and sold in 1783.

HMS Argo (1781) was a 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1781. In 1783, she was captured by two French frigates, but was recaptured two days later by HMS Invincible. She was sold in 1816.

HMS Argo (1833) was a 38-gun fifth rate, launched in 1799 as HMS Active.  She was converted to harbour service in 1826, was renamed HMS Argo in 1833 and was broken up in 1860.

HMS Argo was a composite screw sloop launched in 1880 as HMS Espiegle.  She was used as a boom defence vessel from 1899 and was renamed HMS Argo in 1904.  She was sold in 1921.

Sixth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a sixth-rate was the designation for small warships mounting between 20 and 28 carriage-mounted guns on a single deck, sometimes with smaller guns on the upper works and sometimes without. It thus encompassed ships with up to 30 guns in all. In the first half of the 18th century the main battery guns were 6-pounders, but by mid-century these were supplanted by 9-pounders. 28-gun sixth-rates were classed as frigates, those smaller as 'post ships', indicating that they were still commanded by a full ('post') captain, as opposed to sloops of 18 guns and less, which were under commanders.
APRA Music Awards of 1991
The Australasian Performing Right Association Awards of 1991 (generally known as APRA Awards) are a series of awards held in 1991. The APRA Music Awards were presented by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and the Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS). Two new categories were added, Songwriter of the Year and Ted Albert Memorial Award – the latter honours Ted Albert (1937–1990), an Australian early pioneer independent record producer and founder of Albert Productions.

Albert Productions
Albert Productions, a division of music publishing and recording company Albert Music, is one of Australia's longest established independent record labels to specialise in rock and roll music. The label was founded in 1963 by Ted Albert, whose family owned and operated the Sydney music publishing house J. Albert & Son.
Kentucky's 24th Senate district
Kentucky's 24th Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the northern part of the state, it comprises the counties of Bracken, Campbell, Pendleton, and part of Kenton. It has been represented by Shelley Funke Frommeyer (R–Alexandria) since 2023. As of 2023, the district had a population of 120,875.

From 1887 to 1900, the district was represented by William Goebel, who was declared the winner in the contested 1899 gubernatorial election.

Bracken County, Kentucky
Bracken County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,400. Its county seat is Brooksville. The county was formed in 1796.
Bracken County is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Astoux-Védrines Triplane
The Astoux-Védrines Triplane was a triplane fighter prototype designed and built in France during World War I. Powered by a 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget 9B rotary engine, the triplane was destroyed during flight testing and further development was abandoned. Very little else is known, other than that the name came from the designer, L. L. Astoux and the pilot Jules Védrines. After initial flights by monsieur Verdrines another pilot, a monsieur Simon, was flying the aircraft when the aircraft was destroyed in a crash.

Jules Védrines
Jules Charles Toussaint Védrines (29 December 1881 – 21 April 1919) was an early French aviator, notable for being the first pilot to fly at more than 100 mph and for winning the Gordon Bennett Trophy race in 1912.
Night Sky Replies
Night Sky Replies (1994) is a limited edition mini album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. It is a continuous 20+ minute piece divided into four movements.

This album was released by the Italian label, Amplexus, which specializes in limited edition mini CDs by notable ambient artists like Steve Roach, Vidna Obmana and Michael Stearns. In 1996 “Night Sky Replies” became the final track on Rich’s compilation album A Troubled Resting Place.

Amplexus (label)
Amplexus was an Italian record label that was founded by Stefano Gentile that specialized in limited-edition mini CDs by notable ambient artists such as Steve Roach, vidnaObmana, Robert Rich, and Michael Stearns. It went out of business in 2003 and was replaced by Silentes.
Albie Thomas
Albert George "Albie" Thomas OAM (8 February 1935 – 27 October 2013) was an Australian middle- and long-distance runner who set world records at two miles and three miles. He was born in Hurstville, New South Wales.

Hurstville
Hurstville is a suburb in Southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is 16 km (9.9 mi) south of the Sydney CBD and is part of the St George area. Hurstville is the administrative centre of the local government area of the Georges River Council.

The suburb is predominantly Asian Australian in character, with 63% of the population of Asian origin, among the highest in the country. Sometimes described as "Sydney's Real Chinatown", an estimated 37% of residents are immigrants from mainland China.
National Engineering Laboratory
The National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) was originally one of several large government-funded public research laboratories in the UK, staffed by scientists and engineers of the Scientific Civil Service.  Other such laboratories include the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), the Building Research Establishment (BRE) and the Transport Research Establishment (TRL). NEL was established in 1948 at Thorntonhall under the name Mechanical Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL), in the village of the same name near East Kilbride, Glasgow, Scotland.

Thorntonhall
Thorntonhall (Scots: Thorntounhauch, Scottish Gaelic: Dail Bhaile Dhealgaiche) is an affluent village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, lying around 6 miles (10 km) to the south of Glasgow, and around 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) west of East Kilbride. The village lies just east of the boundary of East Renfrewshire, close to Waterfoot and Jackton.

In 2011, a street in Thorntonhall (Bowmore Crescent) was identified as having one of the most expensive average house prices within the Scottish property market, with an average house price of £908,000.
Lawson House
Lawson House is a heritage-listed warehouse, auction house and offices located at 212–218 Cumberland Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Burcham Clamp and built during 1924 by Burcham Clamp and Finch. It is also known as Cadbury-Fry Building and Lawson Menzies Building. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.

Property and Development NSW
Property and Development NSW is a statutory body of the Government of New South Wales that manages the State's significant property portfolio and its places. Formed on 1 July 2016, Property and Development NSW encompasses the entities of the former Government Property NSW (GPNSW), the former Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority (SHFA), Teacher Housing Authority of NSW (THA) and Waste Assets Management Corporation (WAMC).

Services provided by Property and Development NSW include:

leading property reform

active portfolio and asset management

delivering transactions and major projects

place making and heritage conservation, and

valuation services

The authority is led by chief executive officer, presently Leon Walker.
Miss Costa Rica 2009
The Miss Costa Rica 2009 was held on March 27, 2009. Nine contestants entered, each representing a province and national capital. The pageant was held in the capital city. The location was The Auditorio del Museo de los Niños de Costa Rica. Jessica Umaña, representing the National Capital, was crowned the winner. Umaña, who stands 1.75 m tall, was one of the favorites for the title. This was her second try at the crown (she had competed in Miss Costa Rica 2008, but withdrew before the finals took place). She decided to try again, winning the title over 8 other contestants. The winner will enter Miss Universe 2009, Reina Hispanoamericana 2009 and Miss Continente Americano 2009. The first runner up will enter Miss World 2009 and Miss Tourism Queen International 2009. The second runner up will enter Miss International 2009 and Miss Intercontinental 2009. The third runner up will enter Miss Earth 2009 and  Reinado Internacional del Café 2009.

Miss International 2009
Miss International 2009 was the 49th Miss International pageant, held at the Sichuan International Tennis Center in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, on November 28, 2009. The pageant was originally scheduled to be held on November 7, 2009 at The Venetian Macao in Macau, but the host committee backed out.

Alejandra Andreu of Spain crowned Anagabriela Espinoza of Mexico as her successor at the end of the event.
Wessel H. Smitter
Wessel Hyatt Smitter was an American novelist.  He was born in Plainfield, Michigan and attended Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1912 to 1917.  Smitter worked the early part of his career in advertising for one of the "Big 3" auto makers.  He soon left that career and moved to California, where he worked selling and transplanting trees and wrote on the side.  In 1938, he published F.O.B. Detroit, which was made into the 1941 movie, Reaching for the Sun, starring Joel McCrae and Ellen Drew.

Smitter's anti-industrial views, particularly of the auto industry in Michigan, where he began his career, permeate his creative works.  His obituary was published in the New York Times on November 9, 1951 (p. 27)

Plainfield Township, Kent County, Michigan
Plainfield Charter Township is a charter township of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 33,535 at the 2020 census.

It is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is bordered by Grand Rapids on the south.
Bavarian Film Awards (Best Cinematography)
This is a list of the winners of the Bavarian Film Awards Prize for Best Cinematography.

1981 Jost Vacano

1984 Robby Müller

1985 Xaver Schwarzenberger

1986 Gerard Vandenberg

1988 Jürgen Jürges

1990 Axel Block

1991 Gernot Roll

1992 Joseph Vilsmaier

1994 Jörg Widmer

1995 Michael Epp

1996 Carl-Friedrich Koschnick

1997 Tom Fährmann

1998 Carl-Friedrich Koschnick

1999 Edward Kłosiński

2000 Rainer Klausmann

2001 Martin Langer

2002 Judith Kaufmann

2003 Franz Rath

2004 Jürgen Jürges

2005 Hans-Günther Bücking

2006 Andreas Höfer

2007 Benedict Neuenfels

Axel Block
Axel Block (born July 13, 1947 in Velbert) is a German cinematographer. Since 1974, Block has worked as director of photography on more than a hundred cinema and television productions, and lectured on film composition at several academies. From 1997 to 2015, Block held the position of applied visual arts professor at the University of Television and Film Munich.
Francisco Ferreira (footballer, born 1970)
Francisco Flaminio Ferreira Romero (born 17 September 1970), commonly known as Francisco Ferreira, is a former Paraguayan football striker.

Ferreira started his career in Sportivo Luqueño, where at a very young age became one of the team's most prolific strikers leading the Paraguayan League in goalscoring in 1993. His excellent form in 1993 caught the attention of Club Olimpia, who signed Ferreira for the 1994 season. He would then play for teams in Colombia, Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, as well as returning to Paraguay to play for Sportivo Luqueño and Cerro Porteño. In 2000, he was the league's topscorer again, with 23 goals.

At the national team level, Ferreira was part of the Paraguay squad during the 1992 Olympic Games and was capped for a few other occasions until 2000.

APF División de Honor
The División de Honor or División Profesional de la Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol (locally [diβiˈsjom pɾofesjoˈnal de la asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Professional Division of the Paraguayan Football Association"), or due to sponsorship reasons Copa de Primera Tigo – ueno bank, is the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. Currently, there are 12 teams in the first division.

The most successful club is Olimpia, with 47 championships. Cerro Porteño are the most recent champions, having won the 2025 Clausura tournament. As of 2022, IFFHS ranked the league as the 10th strongest in the world and 3rd in South America.
Siddi, Nepal
Siddi is a village development committee in Chitwan District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,577 people living in 404 individual households.

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
Castle Roy
Castle Roy is a ruined courtyard castle dating from the thirteenth century, situated just north of Nethy Bridge near Grantown-on-Spey, Scotland. It is a scheduled monument. The castle is associated with the Comyn family.

Nethy Bridge
Nethy Bridge (Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Drochaid or Drochaid Neithich) is a small village in Strathspey in the Highland council area of Scotland. The village lies 5 miles (8 km) south of Grantown-on-Spey within the historical parish of Abernethy and Kincardine, and the Cairngorms National Park.
St.Thomas Mount-cum-Pallavaram
St.Thomas Mount-cum-Pallavaram is a cantonment located in the Chennai Metropolitan Area in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located partly in Chennai district and partly in Chengalpattu district, it includes some prominent places like the St.Thomas Mount itself, which is a sacred place of Christians where St. Thomas was believed to be martyred, the Anna International Airport and the Officers Training Academy and part of Pallavaram which includes Army Camp, Cantonment Park and some other localities. It lies in Pallavaram Taluk of Chengalpattu District.

Officers Training Academy
The Officers Training Academy (OTA) is a training establishment of the Indian Army that trains officers for the Short Service Commission (SSC). The 49-week course at the OTA prepares graduates for all branches of the Army, except for the Army Medical Corps. Established in 1963, the first academy is located in Alandur, a southern neighbourhood of Chennai. 
OTA chennai has an impressive tally of gallantry award including 1 Param Vir Chakra, 8 Ashoka Chakra, 10 Maha Vir Chakra, 22 Kirti Chakra, 63 Vir Chakra, 119 Shaurya Chakra and 587 Sena Medal earned by the officers commissioned from this academy bears testimony to the Valour and dedication displayed by the Alumni. 
A new academy was set up at Gaya in 2011; but was given the go-ahead in December 2019 to be disbanded.
Sensation Comics
Sensation Comics is the title of an American comic book anthology series published by DC Comics that ran for 109 issues from 1942 to 1952. For most of its run, the lead feature was Wonder Woman, a character which had been introduced in All Star Comics #8 (October 1941). Other characters that appeared included the Black Pirate, the Gay Ghost, Mister Terrific, Wildcat, Sargon the Sorcerer, Hal Mason, the Whip, the Atom, Little Boy Blue, Hop Harrigan, Romance, Inc., Lady Danger, Doctor Pat, and Astra.

The series briefly became a romance title starting with issue #94 (November 1949). Johnny Peril became the lead feature with issue #107, when the theme of the comic changed to a supernatural/mystery format. The title was changed to Sensation Mystery with #110 and ran for another seven issues. The retitled series ended with issue #116 (July–August 1953).

Atom (Al Pratt)
Albert "Al" Pratt is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the first character to use the name Atom. He initially had no superpowers and was originally a diminutive college student and later a physicist, usually depicted as a "tough-guy" character. Al Pratt is also the father of Damage and godfather of Atom Smasher.

The character made his live-action debut in the television series Smallville, played by Glenn Hoffman. Henry Winkler cameoed as the character in the DC Extended Universe film Black Adam (2022).
Abdul Mutalib Mohamed Daud
Abdul Mutalib Mohd Daud (also known as Mutalib MD; 1961 – 29 June 2013) was an ISA detainee, as well as the founder and chief editor of the news portal Sabahkini.net in Sabah, Malaysia. At the time of his death, he had completed two as yet unpublished books, one on the banning of Nurul Izzah Anwar from Sabah. In 2011 Communications and Culture Minister Datuk Seri Dr. Rais Yatim filed a defamation lawsuit against Mutalib for allegations that the minister had raped his maid. He is the author of over 20 books, two of which, YB and VIP, are about sex scandals among public personalities.

Rais Yatim
Rais bin Yatim (Jawi: رئيس بن يتيم; born 16 April 1942) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as the 18th President of the Dewan Negara from September 2020 to June 2023, 8th Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan from 1978 to 1982 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Jelebu from November 1999 to May 2013.

He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the leading party in previous ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, except for a period in the 1990s when he became a member of the opposition Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46). Presently he is a member of Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) and its Chairman of the state of Negeri Sembilan, a component party of the ruling Perikatan Nasional (PN) since he left UMNO to join BERSATU on 4 June 2018.

During his short break from active politics before joining BERSATU, he became the President of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) from 2013 to 2018.
Gamlingay Wood
Gamlingay Wood is a 48.4-hectare (120-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) north of Gamlingay in Cambridgeshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

This is ancient ash/maple woodland on sandy loam soil, an unusual habitat in lowland England. Ground flora include dog's mercury, yellow archangel, wood anemone and the nationally restricted oxlip. The flora is diverse due to the varied soils, and there are hundreds of species of mushrooms and toadstools. Birds include barn owls, garden warblers and blue tits. The 70-hectare (170-acre) Wildlife Trust site includes Sugley Wood, which is not part of the SSSI.

There is access from Gamlingay Road and by a footpath from Gamlingay village.

Anemonoides nemorosa
Anemonoides nemorosa (syn. Anemone nemorosa), the wood anemone, is an early-spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe. Other common names include windflower, European thimbleweed, and smell fox, an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves. It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing 5–15 cm (2–6 in) tall.
John Hope (botanist)
Professor John Hope FRSE FRS PRCPE (10 May 1725 – 10 November 1786) was a Scottish physician and botanist. He did enormous work on plant classification and plant physiology, and is now best known as an early supporter of Carl Linnaeus's system of classification. He did not publish much.

In 1783, he was a joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

In 1784, Hope was elected as president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1784–6).

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.