hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kazimierz Karwowski
Kazimierz Karwowski (c. 1670 – 12 May 1746) of Pniejnia was a Polish noble and politician. He was marshal of the Sejm in 1740, a deputy to the Crown Tribunal, cześnik of Wizna from 1703, stolnik, łowczy and pisarz of Bielsk, podstarości, podstoli and sędzia grodzki (judge) of Brańsk. He is best known as an advocate of reform, and as a deputy elected to the Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth a record number of times over his four decades as a Sejm deputy.

Cup-bearer
A cup-bearer was historically an officer of high rank in royal courts, whose duty was to pour and serve the drinks at the royal table. On account of the constant fear of plots and intrigues (such as poisoning), a person had to be regarded as thoroughly trustworthy to hold the position. He would guard against poison in the king's cup, and was sometimes required to swallow some of the drink before serving it.  His confidential relations with the king often gave him a position of great influence.

The cup-bearer as an honorific role, for example as the Egyptian hieroglyph for "cup-bearer", was used as late as 196 BC in the Rosetta Stone for the Kanephoros cup-bearer Areia, daughter of Diogenes; each Ptolemaic Decree starting with the Decree of Canopus honored a cup-bearer. A much older role was the appointment of Sargon of Akkad as cup-bearer in the 23rd century BC.
Hyalophora euryalus
Hyalophora euryalus, the ceanothus silkmoth, is a moth of the family Saturniidae. It is found in the dry intermontane valleys and interior of British Columbia, Canada, (as far north as Prince George along the Fraser River) south to Baja California in Mexico. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1855.

The wingspan is 89–127 mm. Adults are on wing from January to July depending on the location. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Ceanothus, Rhamnus californica, Prunus emarginata, Arctostaphylos, Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Ribes, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Arbutus menziesii, Liquidambar and Salix.

Arbutus menziesii
Arbutus menziesii, or Pacific madrone (commonly madrone or madrona in the United States and arbutus in Canada), is a species of broadleaf evergreen tree in the family Ericaceae. It has waxy foliage, a contorted growth habit, and flaky bark.

It is native to the western coastal areas of North America, from British Columbia to California.
Aaron Gross
Aaron S. Gross is an American historian of religions who focuses on modern Jewish ethics, the study of animals and religion, and food and religion.  He serves as a professor of theology and religious studies at the University of San Diego. He has served as cochair of the American Academy of Religion's Animals and Religion group and as president of the Society of Jewish Ethics.
Aaron Gross is a vegan.

University of San Diego
The University of San Diego (USD) is a private Catholic research university in San Diego, California, United States. Chartered in 1949 as the independent San Diego College for Women and San Diego University (comprising the College for Men and School of Law), the two institutions merged in 1972.

The university includes the College of Arts and Sciences, Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, Division of Professional and Continuing Education, Knauss School of Business, School of Law, School of Leadership and Education Services (SOLES), and the Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering.

USD has 89 undergraduate and graduate programs, and enrolls approximately 9,073 undergraduate, paralegal, graduate and law students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The San Diego Toreros compete in NCAA Division I (FCS) as a member of the West Coast Conference.
1997 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
The 3rd FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) were an international swimming meet organized by FINA. It was held at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden April 17−20, 1997; and featured 501 swimmers from 71 nations.

Scandinavium
Scandinavium (Swedish pronunciation: [skandɪˈnɑ̌ːvɪɵm]) is an indoor arena located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Construction on Scandinavium began in 1969 after decades of setbacks, and was inaugurated on 18 May 1971.

Scandinavium has been selected as a championship arena at least fifty times, hosting events such as World Championships in handball and ice hockey, European championships, Davis Cup finals, and in 1985 the Eurovision Song Contest. Scandinavium is the home arena for Frölunda HC of Swedish Hockey League and venue for the annual Göteborg Horse Show. Frölunda has won the Le Mat Trophy, awarded to the winner of the SHL, four times since it began playing at the venue, most recently in 2019.
Christine Burkhalter
Christine Burkhalter is a Swiss practical sport shooter who took silver medal at the 2014 IPSC Handgun World Shoot in the Production division Lady category, and gold in the 2016 IPSC European Handgun Championship Standard division Lady category. Christine also has four Swiss National Lady Production titles (2011, 2013, 2014 and 2015) and one Swiss National Lady Standard title (2016).

Practical shooting
Practical shooting, also known as dynamic shooting or action shooting, is a set of shooting sports in which the competitors try to unite the three principles of precision, power, and speed, by using a firearm of a certain minimum power factor to score as many points as possible during the shortest time (or sometimes within a set maximum time). While scoring systems vary between organizations, each measures the time in which the course is completed, with penalties for inaccurate shooting.

The courses are called "stages", and are shot individually by the shooters. Usually the shooter must move and shoot from several positions, fire under or over obstacles and in other unfamiliar positions. There are no standard exercises or set arrangement of the targets, and the courses are often designed so that the shooter must be inventive, and therefore the solutions of exercises sometimes vary between shooters.
San Sebastiano fuori le mura
San Sebastiano fuori le mura (Saint Sebastian outside the Walls), or San Sebastiano ad Catacumbas (Saint Sebastian at the Catacombs), is a minor basilica in Rome, Central Italy. Up to the Great Jubilee of 2000, San Sebastiano was one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome, and many pilgrims still favour the traditional list (not least perhaps because of the Catacombs and because the Santuario della Madonna del Divino Amore, which replaced it in the list, is farther from the inner city).

The name ad catacumbas refers to the catacombs of St Sebastian, over which the church was built, while "fuori le mura" refers to the fact that the church is built outside the Aurelian Walls, and is used to differentiate the basilica from the church of San Sebastiano al Palatino on the Palatine Hill.

Great Jubilee
The Great Jubilee in 2000 was a major event in the Catholic Church, held from Christmas Eve (24 December) 1999 to Epiphany (6 January) 2001. Like previous Jubilee years, it was a celebration of the mercy of God and forgiveness of sins.  The major innovation in this Jubilee was the addition of many "particular Jubilees" for various groups of persons, and that it was simultaneously celebrated in Rome, Israel, and elsewhere in the world.
Klemen Mohorič
Klemen "Klem" Mohoric (slov. Klemen "Klem" Mohorič;born May 25, 1975) is a retired Slovenian professional ice hockey goaltender. He spent the majority of his career with the HDD Olimpija Ljubljana of the Slovenian Ice Hockey Championship. Currently the goalkeeper coach at HC Metallurg Magnitogorsk (KHL).

HDD Olimpija Ljubljana
Hokejsko drsalno društvo Olimpija Ljubljana, commonly referred to as HDD Olimpija or simply Olimpija, was a Slovenian professional ice hockey club from Ljubljana. They played their home games at the Tivoli Hall. Olimpija has won 13 Yugoslav championships and 15 Slovenian championships. They won ten consecutive titles between 1995 and 2004.
Duke Xuan of Qin
Duke Xuan of Qin (Chinese: 秦宣公; pinyin: Qín Xuān Gōng, died 664 BC), personal name unknown, was duke of the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty from 675 to 664 BC.

Duke Xuan was the eldest of the three sons of his father Duke De and succeeded his father as ruler of Qin when Duke De died in 676 BC at the age of 34. He reigned for 12 years and died in 664 BC. Although Duke Xuan had nine sons, he passed the throne to his younger brother Duke Cheng, who would in turn pass the throne to their third brother, Duke Mu.

Eastern Zhou
The Eastern Zhou (/dʒoʊ/; c. 770–256 BC) is a period in Chinese history comprising the latter half of the Zhou dynasty, following the Western Zhou era and the royal court's relocation eastward from Fenghao to Chengzhou (near present-day Luoyang). The Eastern Zhou was characterised by the weakened authority of the Ji family, the Zhou royal house. It is subdivided into two parts: the Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 or 476 BC), during which the ancient aristocracy still held power in a large number of separate polities, and the Warring States period (c. 481 or 476 – 221 BC), which saw the consolidation of territory and escalation of interstate warfare and administrative sophistication.
Norwich City Hall (Connecticut)
Norwich City Hall is the seat of municipal government in Norwich, Connecticut, United States. It is located at Union Street and Broadway, prominently overlooking the city's central business district.  Built in 1870-73, when Norwich was still a town, it has served as the seat of municipal government since then.  Architecturally it is a prominent statewide example of civic Second Empire architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 (as Norwich Town Hall) for its architecture and history.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
John Pattnot
Dr. John Patnott (born June 17, 1946) was an American competitive swimmer for Fresno State College and a professor of exercise physiology and was head swim coach for Holland, Michigan's Hope College from 1978 to 2019. During his coaching tenure, Pattnot mentored 30 national champions, and 118 All-Americans.  Dominant in regional competition, while leading Hope College in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA) Conference, he had twenty women's conference team championships and twelve men's conference team championships.  On the national level, his Hope men's swimmers were NCAA Division III runners-up to the exceptionally dominant Kenyon swim team in 1995, and his Hope women's swim team were NCAA Division III runners up to Kenyon in 1994.

Exercise physiology
Exercise physiology is the physiology of physical exercise. It is one of the allied health professions, and involves the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Exercise physiologists are the highest qualified exercise professionals and utilise education, lifestyle intervention and specific forms of exercise to rehabilitate and manage acute and chronic injuries and conditions.

Understanding the effect of exercise involves studying specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohormonal systems that lead to changes in functional capacity and strength due to endurance training or strength training. The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise".

Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology, and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Milan Řehoř (ice hockey)
Milan Řehoř (born June 23, 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender.

Řehoř made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Oceláři Třinec during the 2008–09 Czech Extraliga season, playing one game whilst on loan from HC Dukla Jihlava of the 1st Czech Republic Hockey League. He signed for Piráti Chomutov of the 1st League in 2011 and played in the Czech Extraliga with the team the following season following their promotion. He would also play one game for HC Karlovy Vary and BK Mladá Boleslav in separate loan spells. He currently plays for fourth-tier side HHK Velké Meziříčí.

Piráti Chomutov
Piráti Chomutov (English: Chomutov Pirates) is a Czech ice hockey team from Chomutov, Czech Republic. Established as ČSK Chomutov in 1945, the team has played in Chomutov through numerous team name changes and promotions/relegations in the Czechoslovak and Czech leagues. They play in the second level 1st Czech Republic Hockey League. Their home arena is the Rocknet aréna located in Chomutov, Czech Republic.
Joseph Areruya
Joseph Areruya (born 1 January 1996) is a Rwandan cyclist, who rides for Rwandan amateur team Inovotec. In 2017 he won the Tour du Rwanda. He became the first cyclist from Rwanda to ride in the Paris–Roubaix road race, when he took part in the 2019 edition.

Tour du Rwanda
The Tour du Rwanda is a cycling race started in 1988 and based in Rwanda. Until 2008, TOUR DU RWANDA was a regional cycling race that brought together Rwandans but also riders from neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda. The race is a cycling stage race that is organized by the Rwanda Cycling Federation (FERWACY). The event has been part of the UCI Africa Tour as a category 2.1-rated event since 2009.
Monica Witni
Monica Witni Cassin (née Bowden; July 5, 1918 – September 7, 1982) was an American composer, pianist, playwright, and double bass player. She published music under the names Monica Witni, Monica Witni Cassin, and under the pseudonym Mirriam Bowden Henningfeld.

Witni was born in Fairfax, Minnesota. She began piano lessons at age six and studied with Jose Eschniz. She received scholarships to play double bass at Southern Illinois University and Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois. Witni taught briefly and played double bass in a jazz trio and with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra. She married James Cassin in 1953.

Witni died in Pomona, New York on September 7, 1982, at the age of 64.

Her compositions include:

Fairfax, Minnesota
Fairfax is a city in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,250 at the 2020 census.

Minnesota State Highways 4 and 19 are two of the main arterial routes in the city.

Fort Ridgely State Park is nearby.
Lapel pin
A lapel pin, also known as an enamel pin, is a small pin worn on clothing, often on the lapel of a jacket, attached to a bag, or displayed on a piece of fabric. Lapel pins can be decorative, or can indicate the wearer's affiliation with a cause or an organization, such as a fraternal order or religious order; in the case of a chivalric order, the lapel pin is in the form of a rosette. Before the popularity of wearing lapel pins, boutonnières were worn.

Pins are often collected and traded.

Order of chivalry
An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is a society, fellowship and college of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Christian military orders of the Crusades (c. 1099–1291) and paired with medieval concepts of ideals of chivalry.

Since the 15th century, orders of chivalry, often as dynastic orders, began to be established in a more courtly fashion than could be created ad hoc. These orders would often retain the notion of being a confraternity, society or other association of members, but some of them were ultimately purely honorific and consisted of a medal decoration. In fact, these decorations themselves often came to be known informally as orders. These institutions in turn gave rise to the modern-day orders of merit of sovereign states.
Ambu (company)
Ambu, or officially Ambu A/S, is a Danish company that develops, produces and markets single-use endoscopy solutions, diagnostic and life-supporting equipment to hospitals, private practices, and rescue services.

It was founded in Denmark in 1937, as Testa Laboratorium, by German engineer Holger Hesse.

The largest business areas are anesthesia, cardiology, neurology, pulmonology, urology and gastroenterology. The company's most important products are devices for artificial ventilation, single-use endoscopes and single-use electrodes for ECG tests and neurophysiological mappings.

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Mister 8
Mister 8 is a Finnish eight-part comedy drama series directed and co-written by Teemu Nikki with Vesa Virtanen, based on an idea by Nikki and Jani Pösö. All episodes were released on Elisa Viihde Viaplay on 31 January 2021.

Teemu Nikki
Teemu Nikki (born 1975) is a Finnish self‑taught film director, screenwriter and film producer. He is known for his satirical and socially conscious films, often blending dark humor with humanistic themes. Nikki has directed feature films, short films, and television series, and is regarded as one of Finland's most distinctive contemporary filmmakers.
Glenariffe Oisín CLG
Glenariffe Oisín CLG is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Waterfoot, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Antrim County Board and is exclusively concerned with the game of hurling.

Antrim GAA
The Antrim County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Aontroma) or Antrim GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The county board is also responsible for the Antrim county teams.

The county hurling team contested All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) finals on two occasions: 1943 and 1989. The county football team contested All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) finals on two occasions: 1911 and 1912.

As of 2025, there were 51 clubs affiliated to Antrim GAA.
Barbara Rose
Barbara Ellen Rose (June 11, 1936 – December 25, 2020) was an American art historian, art critic, curator, and college professor. Rose's criticism focused on 20th-century American art, particularly minimalism and abstract expressionism, as well as Spanish art. "ABC Art", her influential 1965 essay, defined and outlined the historical basis of minimalist art. She also wrote a widely used textbook, American Art Since 1900: A Critical History.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 5,000 years of history with nearly 80,000 works from six continents. By gallery space, it is the second-largest art museum in the Americas. Following an eight-year campus redevelopment project in the 21st century, the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building opened in 2020.  In 2023, the museum received over 900,000 visitors, making it the 20th most-visited museum in the United States.
Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice, 7th Marquess of Lansdowne
Charles Hope Petty-Fitzmaurice, 7th Marquess of Lansdowne (9 January 1917 – 20 August 1944) was a British nobleman and peer. He was the son of Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 6th Marquess of Lansdowne.

He died aged 27, in Italy, killed in action during the Second World War. Captain Charles Hope Fitzmaurice Lansdowne served with the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, Royal Armoured Corps and died on 20 August 1944.  Lord Lansdowne was unmarried and childless, and his titles passed to his cousin, George Petty-Fitzmaurice, as his younger brother had also been killed in action in Normandy nine days earlier.

The Scottish title Lord Nairne, however, passed to his elder sister Katherine Evelyn Constance Petty-Fitzmaurice (1912–1995), who became the 12th Baroness Nairne. She also inherited Derreen House and Gardens (Lauragh, County Kerry) from her brother.

Lauragh
Lauragh (Irish: An Láithreach) is a village on the Beara Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland. The townlands of Lauragh Upper and Lauragh Lower contain several ringfort and souterrain sites. There is a stone circle and stone row site, in Cashelkeelty townland, near Lauragh.

Lauragh's former post office, now a pub, was built c. 1870. As of 2017, the modern post office operated alongside a café and bike hire business.

The area's national (primary) school, Lauragh National School, was built in 1862. As of 2024, there were 13 children enrolled at the small school.

The local Catholic church, St. Killian's church in Lauragh, is in Tuosist parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry.
Salman (myth)
A god worshiped in pre-Islamic South Arabia. Salman may have been the same as a West Semitic god called Shalman/Shalaman, which some scholars believe survives as a theophoric element in the names Solomon and Shalmaneser. The deity is also attested in texts from Ugarit, Palmyra, Hatra, and North and South Arabia.

Solomon (name)
Solomon is a masculine given name and surname of Hebrew origin, popularized by the biblical figure Solomon, Israelite monarch and son of David. The name is derived from the Latin Solomōn, borrowed from the Ancient Greek Solomṓn (Σολομών), ultimately from the Hebrew Šĕlōmō (שְׁלֹמֹה). It is derived from the Semitic root Š-L-M (ש-ל-ם), which translates to "whole, complete" which is also the basis of the word Shalom (שָׁלוֹם, lit. 'peace').
Ush-Urekchen
The Ush-Urekchen (Russian: уш-урекчен), or Ushurakchan (Russian: Ушуракчан), is a mountain range in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Kamchatka Krai, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.

The range is composed of granite and gabbro intrusions, breaking through Devonian, Permian, Triassic and Jurassic sediments. There is extensive effusive rock cover in certain places.

Far Eastern Federal District
The Far Eastern Federal District (Russian: Дальневосточный федеральный округ, IPA: [dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstot͡ɕnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is the largest and the least populated federal district of Russia, with a population of around 7.9 million and an area of 6,952,555 square kilometres (2,684,396 square miles). The federal district is within North Asia as per the UN geoscheme and it is coextensive with the Russian Far East.