hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin Jacques
Martin Jacques (born 1945) is a British academic, journalist, political commentator and writer. He first came to prominence as the editor of Marxism Today, which under his leadership from 1977 to 1991 became an influential forum for political debate on the British left. He later co-founded the think tank Demos in 1993 and has written extensively as a columnist for major British newspapers including The Times, The Sunday Times, The Independent, The Observer, The Guardian, and the New Statesman. Jacques is also known internationally for his 2009 book When China Rules the World, in which he argues that China's rise will reshape the global order and end Western hegemony over international affairs.

British left
The British left, or the Left in Britain, can refer to multiple concepts. It is sometimes used as shorthand for groups aligned with the Labour Party. It can also refer to other individuals, groups and political parties that have sought egalitarian changes in the economic, political, and cultural institutions of the United Kingdom. There are various sub-groups, split between reformist and revolutionary viewpoints. Progressives and social democrats believe that equality can be accommodated into existing capitalist structures, but they differ in their criticism of capitalism and on the extent of reform and the welfare state. Anarchists, communists, and socialists, among others on the far left, on the other hand argue for abolition of the capitalist system.
Bad Liebenzell
Bad Liebenzell (German: [baːt ˌliːbm̩ˈtsɛl] ⓘ; Swabian: Bad Liabazell) is a spa town in the Nagold River valley, the northern part of the Black Forest. It was first mentioned in 1090 and is the heart of the Liebenzeller Mission (a religious movement).

Bad Liebenzell is part of the Calw district; it in turn comprises seven sub-districts besides the town itself: Möttlingen, Unterhaugstett, Monakam, Beinberg, Unterlengenhardt und Maisenbach-Zainen. Bad Liebenzell has also had an alliance with Villaines-la-Juhel in France since 1992.

Swabian German
Swabian (German: Schwäbisch [ˈʃvɛːbɪʃ] ⓘ) is one of the dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum. It is mainly spoken in Swabia, which is located in central and southeastern Baden-Württemberg (including its capital Stuttgart and the Swabian Jura region) and the southwest of Bavaria (Bavarian Swabia). Furthermore, Swabian German dialects are spoken by Caucasus Germans in Transcaucasia. The dialects of the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania are only nominally Swabian and can be traced back not only to Swabian but also to Franconian, Bavarian and Hessian dialects, with  locally varying degrees of influence of the initial dialects.
Larry Edwards (cricketer)
Larry Edwards (born 16 February 1995) is a cricketer who represents the Windward Islands national team in West Indian domestic cricket. He made his first-class debut for the Windward Islands in the 2015–16 Regional Four Day Competition on 18 March 2016. He made his List A debut for Combined Campuses and Colleges in the 2016–17 Regional Super50 on 24 January 2017.

He was the leading wicket-taker for the Windward Islands in the 2018–19 Regional Super50 tournament, with thirteen dismissals in eight matches. In October 2019, he was named in the Windward Islands' squad for the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament.

In June 2020, he was selected by the Windward Islands, in the players' draft hosted by Cricket West Indies ahead of the 2020–21 domestic season. He made his Twenty20 debut on 11 September 2022, for Saint Lucia Kings in the 2022 Caribbean Premier League.

Saint Lucia Kings
The Saint Lucia Kings (formerly known as St Lucia Stars and St Lucia Zouks) are the representative team of Saint Lucia in the Caribbean Premier League (CPL) of cricket. They were created in 2013 as one of the six teams for the inaugural season of the tournament. After minimal success in early seasons, the Kings won their first title in 2024, defeating the Guyana Amazon Warriors. They adopted their current moniker in 2021 after being acquired by the ownership of the IPL’s Punjab Kings.

For the 2017 season, the franchise chose to rebrand under a new name and logo as the Saint Lucia Stars. In 2018, they finished fifth in Caribbean Premier League winning three out of their ten matches. In 2019, they finished fifth again and narrowly missed out on a semi-final spot. In both 2020 and 2021, Saint Lucia finished as runners-up.
Chaos gardening
Chaos gardening is a gardening practice of purposeful disorganization in gardening for a wildflower-like appearance. The practice involves gathering unused plants and seeds, scattering them randomly in the allotted garden space, and leave it up to chance as to which seeds or plants end up growing. The plants and seeds can be a variety of flowers, herbs, fruits, vegetables, and grasses. The random plants that do grow is said to result in a natural-looking garden with variety.

The practice is described by Better Homes and Gardens magazine as laissez-faire that is "a haphazard and laid-back approach to gardening", where it is the expectation that some plants will thrive and some will not. Homes & Gardens describes it as "perfect for gardening amateurs", and the HGTV characterises it as a "freeing" approach.

This gardening trend was popularised on social media in 2024.

HGTV
HGTV (Home & Garden Television) is an American basic cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. It was formerly owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, which spun off its cable networks, including HGTV, into Scripps Networks Interactive. As of November 2023, HGTV was available to approximately 72,000,000 pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Euhadra quaesita
Euhadra quaesita, common name, the sought-after false hadra, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is found in Japan.

This species is unusual in that its shell is sinistral.

This species of snail makes and uses love darts as part of its courtship behavior.

Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug).

Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group.
Peak School
Peak School (Chinese: 山頂小學; Jyutping: Saan1 Deng2 Siu2 Hok6; pinyin: Shāndǐng xiǎoxué) is a coeducational preparatory school, located on Plunkett's Road on Victoria Peak, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The school is one of around twenty institutions in Hong Kong operated by the English Schools Foundation (ESF).

Peak School teaches students from Year One to Year Six, and offers the International Baccalaureate programme. The principal of Peak School is Bill Garnett.

English Schools Foundation
The English Schools Foundation (ESF) is an organisation that runs 22 international schools in Hong Kong. It is Hong Kong's largest English-medium organisation of international schools. It was founded in 1967 with the passage of the English Schools Foundation Ordinance.

In addition to tuition fees, the foundation receives an ongoing subsidy from the Hong Kong Government, which is being phased out. The schools also receive donations from their parent–teacher associations.
2008 Dublin Horse Show
The 2008 Dublin Horse Show was hosted by the Royal Dublin Society (R.D.S.) at Ballsbridge, Dublin, Ireland, taking place between 6 August and 10 August. The competition was named after its main sponsor, Fáilte Ireland.

The show events were divided into two main areas, showing horses and show jumping. The showing classes are a major showcase of the best of the Irish horse. Some classes are restricted to Irish-bred horses.

This article concentrates on the major show jumping competitions.

Ballsbridge
Ballsbridge (Irish: Droichead na Dothra, meaning 'Dodder bridge') (from historic Ball's Bridge) is an affluent neighbourhood of the city of Dublin, Ireland. The area is largely situated north and west of a three-arch stone bridge across the River Dodder, on the south side of the city. The sign on the bridge still proclaims it as "Ball's Bridge", in recognition of the fact that the original bridge on that location was built and owned by the Ball family, a well-known Dublin merchant family in the 1500s and the 1600s. The current bridge was built in 1791.

Ballsbridge was once part of the Pembroke Township.
Software understanding
Software understanding is the analysis and interpretation of software systems' behavior, structure, and functionality, particularly when dealing with incomplete documentation or source code. The field encompasses technical practices such as reverse engineering, code analysis, and formal verification to ensure software functions securely and reliably.

Program analysis
In computer science, program analysis is the process of analyzing the behavior of computer programs regarding a property such as correctness, robustness, safety and liveness. 
Program analysis focuses on two major areas: program optimization and program correctness. The first focuses on improving the program’s performance while reducing the resource usage while the latter focuses on ensuring that the program does what it is supposed to do.

Program analysis can be performed without executing the program (static program analysis), during runtime (dynamic program analysis) or in a combination of both.
Listed buildings in Leeds (Weetwood Ward)
Weetwood is a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It contains 78 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, four are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The ward is to the northwest of the centre of Leeds, and includes the suburbs of Far Headingley, Ireland Wood, Tinshill, Weetwood and West Park. It is mainly residential, and most of the listed buildings are houses, some large and divided into smaller units, with associated structures. The ward also includes Leeds Beckett University, many of whose buildings are listed. The other listed buildings include a column originally in a church, shops, a public house, a horse trough, churches, a meter house, a former hospital, a post box, and a war memorial.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Lars Feld
Lars Peter Feld (born August 9, 1966, in Saarbrücken) is a German economist who currently serves as director of the Walter Eucken Institut and as Professor for Economic Policy at the University of Freiburg. From 2020 to 2021 he also chaired the German Council of Economic Experts. Federal Minister of Finance Christian Lindner made Feld his personal economic policy advisor in February 2022.

Feld is a prominent advocate for a German strand of economics, ordoliberalism, that staunchly rejects public debt.

University of St. Gallen
The University of St. Gallen (HSG) (German: Universität St. Gallen) is a public research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland, that specialises in business administration, economics, law, international affairs, and computer science. It was established in 1898. It consistently ranks as one of the best business schools in Europe. In 2022, it had 9,590 students, of which 3,757 were master's students and 584 were doctoral students.

Although it is one of Switzerland's smallest universities, HSG has Switzerland's largest faculty for business administration. It has produced more billionaires in Europe than any other European university. It is a member of the CEMS and APSIA and is EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA accredited (triple crown accreditation). Its campus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The university is owned by the canton of St. Gallen.
Marie-Anne Leroudier
Marie-Anne Leroudier (née Haug; 28 November 1838 – 26 April 1908) was a French embroiderer who received awards at several international expositions. Some of her works were hung in the Paris Opera, while others were held by the Lateran Museum in Rome and the Textile Arts Museum in Lyon. A street in the latter city bears her name.

Exposition Universelle (1889)
The Exposition Universelle de 1889 (French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1889 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889. It was the fifth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It attracted more than thirty-two million visitors. The most famous structure created for the exposition, and still remaining, is the Eiffel Tower.
Santeramo in Colle
Santeramo in Colle (Santermano: Sanderm) is a town in the Metropolitan City of Bari and region of Apulia, southern Italy.

Its current name comes from St Erasmus, martyr of the Diocletian era and patron saint of the city who, according to legend, is responsible for its founding.

Altopiano delle Murge
The Altopiano delle Murge (Italian for 'plateau of the Murge') is a karst topographic plateau of rectangular shape in southern Italy. Most of it lies within the region of Puglia and corresponds with the sub-region known as Murgia or Le Murge, within the administrative area of the Metropolitan City of Bari, the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, the provinces of Brindisi and Taranto to the south, and the Matera in the region of Basilicata to the west. The name is believed to originate from the Latin: murex, meaning 'sharp stone'.
Gavriil Ksenofontov
Gavriil Vasilyevich Ksenofontov (16 January [O.S. 4 January] 1888 — 28 August 1938) was a Yakutian historian, politician and lawyer who studied the history, ethnography and folklore of the Yakut, Evenki and Buryat peoples. He also served in the Russian Constituent Assembly and the Siberian Regional Duma during the Russian Revolution.

Evenki people
The Evenki, or Tungusy, are a Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 38,396 (2010 census). In China, the Evenki form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of 34,617 (2020 census). There are 537 Evenki in The Country of Mongolia (2015 census), called Khamnigan in the Mongolian language.
Death of Santiago Maldonado
Santiago Maldonado was an Argentine activist who went missing after the Argentine National Gendarmerie dispersed a demonstration against the Benetton Group's activities in Cushamen Department, Chubut Province, Argentina, on 1 August 2017. Maldonado's body was found in October in the nearby Chubut River. The autopsy of the body indicated that Santiago's cause of death was "drowning by immersion in the water of the Chubut River, contributed by hypothermia", that there were no signs of violence, and that the body had stayed underwater for at least 55 days. In November, a commission of 55 forensic experts asserted that Maldonado died by asphyxia and hypothermia, and that there were no evidence of blows or injuries to his body. Maldonado's family continue to believe he was a victim of a forced disappearance.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR or, in the three other official languages –  Spanish, French, and Portuguese –  CIDH, Comisión Interamericana de los Derechos Humanos, Commission Interaméricaine des Droits de l'Homme, Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States (OAS).

The separate Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica.  Together the Court and the Commission make up the human rights protection system of the OAS.
Albanian morphology
This article concerns the morphology of the Albanian language, including the declension of nouns and adjectives, and the conjugation of verbs. It refers to the Tosk-based Albanian standard regulated by the Academy of Sciences of Albania.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").
Wormholt Park
Wormholt Park is a 7.75 acres (3.14 ha) urban park in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, near White City, Shepherd's Bush.

Wormholt Park has a multi-use games area and two play areas, one for under 8s and one for over 8s.

White City, London
White City is a district of London, England, in the northern part of Shepherd's Bush in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross. White City is home to Television Centre, White City Place, Westfield London and Loftus Road, the home stadium of Queens Park Rangers F.C. The district got its name from the white marble cladding used on buildings during several exhibitions when the area was first developed, between 1908 and 1914.
Stadium Bowl
The Stadium Bowl (originally Tacoma Stadium) is a 15,000-seat stadium in the Stadium District of Tacoma, Washington, United States. It is adjacent to Stadium High School and has views of Commencement Bay and Puget Sound from its open north end. The stadium was designed by Frederick Heath and opened in 1910, primarily for use by the then-renamed Stadium High School.

The Stadium Bowl is designed for American football as well as track and field events. It has also hosted baseball and other sports in the past. The stadium originally seated 23,000, but was later reduced in capacity during renovations and restoration projects.

Washington State Cougars football
The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12) Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894.

The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 35,117. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November but that is no longer the case with the Washington Huskies joining the Big Ten.
2010 Tashkent Challenger – Doubles
Murad Inoyatov and Denis Istomin were the defending champions, but only Inoyatov chose to participate this year.
He partnered with Dmitri Sitak, but they were eliminated by Karol Beck and Filip Polášek in the quarterfinal.
Beck and Polášek went to reach the final but lost there to Ross Hutchins and Jamie Murray 6–2, 4–6, [8–10].

Filip Polášek
Filip Polášek (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈfilip ˈpɔlaːʂek]; born 21 July 1985) is an inactive Slovak professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He reached his highest doubles ranking of world No. 7 in February 2020, and has won 17 titles on the ATP Tour.
He was forced to retire in 2013 due to health issues, but returned in 2018 and began the most successful phase of his career. Polášek won his first Grand Slam title at the 2021 Australian Open alongside Ivan Dodig, and also won the 2019 Cincinnati Masters and 2021 Indian Wells Masters, with Dodig and John Peers respectively. Polášek was the first Slovak man to reach, or win a major doubles final. He also reached the semifinals at the 2019 Wimbledon Championships, 2020 Australian Open and 2021 US Open. He qualified for the ATP Finals in both 2019 and 2021. Polášek has represented Slovakia in the Davis Cup since 2008, and also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics partnering Lukáš Klein.
Nigeria at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Nigeria competed at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 6 to 22 February 2026.

Cross-country skier Samuel Ikpefan was the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, Ikpefan was also the country's flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

2026 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
The 2026 Winter Olympics closing ceremony took place on 22 February 2026. It started at 20:30 CET (19:30 UTC) and concluded at 23:00. It was held at the Verona Arena in Verona, Italy.

As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combine the protocol-related and cultural segments. It is the first Olympics Games closing ceremony under the IOC presidency of Kirsty Coventry.

The city of Verona was chosen to host the ceremony, even though no events were scheduled to take place there: the intention was for this ceremony to be held in a setting reminiscent of the ancient Olympic Games. The ancient Roman amphitheater, that regularly hosts a famous open-air opera festival as well as other cultural events, will also host the opening ceremony of the 2026 Winter Paralympics on 6 March. The Teatro Filarmonico, an opera theatre in Verona, served as a secondary venue.