hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cauchois horse
The Cauchois, also known as the Norman bidet, is a breed of heavy draft horse native to the Pays de Caux, on the coast of the former Haute-Normandie region of France. Valued for its strength and ability to move at a high pace, the Cauchois was especially sought after during the 17th and 18th centuries. These horses were primarily used for hauling heavy loads, including the stagecoaches operated by the Compagnie Générale des Omnibus, but they were also ridden by local peasants to transport goods to market.

Despite their initial popularity, the Cauchois faced a decline by the late 19th century due to the rise of railroads and the increasing use of lighter horse-drawn vehicles. As a result, this breed eventually became extinct, with its genetic legacy absorbed into the Boulonnais breed. The Cauchois has been immortalized in art, notably through a lithograph by artist Théodore Géricault in 1822, showcasing the breed's significance in the cultural landscape of its time.

Horse-drawn vehicle
A horse-drawn vehicle is a wheeled vehicle pulled by horses to carry passengers or a load. They were common during the horse-drawn era, though have mostly been replaced by automobiles and other mechanized transport. Some are still in use today in rural areas, and also for pleasure, tourists, and sport. Many vehicles have been preserved and are on display in carriage museums and transport museums.
Automatism (toxicology)
Automatism, in toxicology, refers to a tendency to take a drug over and over again, forgetting each time that one has already taken the dose. This can lead to a cumulative overdose. A particular example is barbiturates which were once commonly used as hypnotic (sleep inducing) drugs. Among the current hypnotics, benzodiazepines, especially midazolam might show marked automatism, possibly through their intrinsic anterograde amnesia effect. Barbiturates are known to induce hyperalgesia, i.e. aggravation of pain and for sleeplessness due to pain, if barbiturates are used, more pain and more disorientation would follow leading to drug automation and finally a "pseudo"suicide. Such reports dominated the medical literature of 1960s and 1970s; a reason replacing the barbiturates with benzodiazepines when they became available.

Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia (/ˌhaɪpərælˈdʒiːziə/ or /-siə/; hyper from  Greek ὑπέρ (huper) 'over' + -algesia from Greek ἄλγος (algos) 'pain') is an abnormally increased sensitivity to pain, which may be caused by damage to nociceptors or peripheral nerves and can cause hypersensitivity to stimulus. Prostaglandins E and F are largely responsible for sensitizing the nociceptors. Temporary increased sensitivity to pain also occurs as part of sickness behavior, the evolved response to infection.
Coptic literature
Coptic literature is the body of writings in the Coptic language of Egypt, the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language. It is written in the Coptic alphabet. The study of the Coptic language and literature is called Coptology.

Epiphanius of Salamis
Epiphanius of Salamis (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιφάνιος; c. 310–320 – 403) was the bishop of Salamis, Cyprus, at the end of the 4th century. He is considered a saint and a Church Father by the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic Churches, and some Presbyterians. He gained a reputation as a strong defender of orthodoxy. He is best known for composing the Panarion, a compendium of eighty heresies, which also included pagan religions and philosophical systems. There has been much controversy over how many of the quotations attributed to him by the Byzantine Iconoclasts were actually by him. Regardless of this, he was clearly strongly against some contemporary uses of images in the church.
Schulz Point
Schulz Point is the western point of Shirley Island in the Windmill Islands. First mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948. Named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Construction Mechanic Richard L. Schulz, U.S. Navy, a member of the Wilkes Station party of 1958.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Schulz Point". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

66°17′S 110°29′E﻿ / ﻿66.283°S 110.483°E﻿ / -66.283; 110.483

Operation Windmill
Operation Windmill (OpWml) was the United States Navy's Second Antarctica Developments Project, an exploration and training mission to Antarctica in 1947–1948. This operation was a follow-up to the First Antarctica Development Project known as Operation Highjump (1946–1947). The expedition was commanded by Commander Gerald L. Ketchum, USN, and the flagship of Task Force 39 was the icebreaker USS Burton Island.

Missions during Operation Windmill varied including supply activities, helicopter reconnaissance of ice flows, scientific surveys, underwater demolition surveys, and convoy exercises. Malcolm Davis collected live animals, such as penguins and leopard seals, for zoological studies.

The icebreaker USS Edisto (AG-89) sailed on 1 November 1947 for the Panama Canal to rendezvous with the Burton Island for the expedition.
Umade Bhattiyani
Umade Bhattiyani (d. 1562; other names Umadeo, Uma Devi) was one of the wives of Maldeo Rathore, the renowned Rathore ruler of Marwar (r. 1532 – 1562). She was known as Roothi Rani — the Irate or Aggrieved Queen, or 'the Queen-who-Sulked.

Rathore dynasty
The Rathore dynasty is an Indian dynasty belonging to the Rathore clan of Rajputs that has historically ruled over parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The Rathores trace their ancestry from the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty) and to the Rashtrakutas and later to the Gahadavalas of Kannauj, migrating to Marwar region of Rajasthan after the fall of Kannauj.
Keith Courage in Alpha Zones
Keith Courage in Alpha Zones is a 1989 platform game released by NEC for the TurboGrafx-16. It was the pack-in game for the console in North America. It was originally released in Japan by Hudson Soft on August 30, 1988 for the PC Engine (The TG-16's Japanese counterpart), under the title Mashin Hero Wataru (Japanese: 魔神英雄伝ワタル, Hepburn: Mashin Eiyūden Wataru) which is adapted from the anime television series of the same name. Hudson later released in 1990 another game for the Famicom based on the franchise titled Mashin Eiyuuden Wataru Gaiden Famicom, which is a role-playing video game.

NEC
NEC Corporation (日本電気株式会社, Nippon Denki Kabushiki gaisha; an acronym for the Nippon Electric Company) is a Japanese multinational information technology corporation headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and telecommunications equipment and software to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies. It is one of the five largest defense contractors in Japan.

NEC was one of the world's largest personal computer and semiconductor manufacturers from the 1980s to the 2000s, but has largely withdrawn from manufacturing since the beginning of the 21st century, having spun off its PC business to Lenovo and its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory.

NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.
Howard Foundation (UK)
The Howard Foundation is a charitable trust with the aims of establishing and maintaining scientific research into nutriceuticals and in assisting the construction and maintenance of buildings at Downing College Cambridge University.

Waterford Institute of Technology
The Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT; Irish: Institiúid Teicneolaíochta Phort Láirge) was an institute of technology, located in Waterford, Ireland. The institute had six constituent schools and offered programmes in business, engineering, science, health sciences, as well as education & humanities.

The institute opened in 1970 as a Regional Technical College and adopted its name on 7 May 1997. Along with the Institute of Technology, Carlow, the institute was dissolved on 1 May 2022 and was succeeded by the South East Technological University.
Ivan Thomas
Ivan Alfred Astley Thomas (born 25 September 1991) is an English professional cricketer who most recently played for Kent County Cricket Club. He is a  right-arm medium-fast seam bowler who bats right-handed. He made his first-class cricket debut for Leeds/Bradford MCC Universities in March 2012 and has played in all forms of cricket for Kent.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Off Parole
Off Parole is the third studio album by American rapper Rappin' 4-Tay, released March 19, 1996 on Chrysalis Records. The album features production by The Enhancer, G-Man Stan, Lil' Fly, Mike Dean, Rappin' 4-Tay and Too Short. It peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and at number 38 on the Billboard 200. The album features guest performances by Too Short, MC Breed, Lil' Fly, Get Low Playaz (JT The Bigga Figga, San Quinn & Seff The Gaffla) and Jasmyne Forté (4-Tay's Seven Year Old Daughter).

Four music videos were produced to promote the album, including: "Never Talk Down" featuring Too Short & MC Breed, "A Lil' Some'em Some'em", "Ain't No Playa (Playaz Sh*t)" and "Off Parole".

The song, "Never Talk Down", is a slightly different version than the one presented on Too Short's album, Gettin' It.

JT the Bigga Figga
Joseph David Thompson (born November 8, 1973), better known by his stage name JT the Bigga Figga (also known as Figg Panamera), is an American rapper, record producer, and record executive from San Francisco, California. He founded the record label Get Low Recordz in 1991, which signed fellow California-based rapper the Game in the early 2000s, prior to the latter's mainstream breakthrough. The label has also signed Messy Marv and San Quinn.
Frank Healy
Francis "Frank" Healy (born 30 August 1962) is an English musician, he is a former guitarist of Napalm Death. Healy also was the bass player for Cerebral Fix. He also played bass in the first live Anaal Nathrakh session for the John Peel show.  He was the bassist in the band Benediction from 1991 until 2017. He's currently in Sacrilege since 2014 as well as in Memoriam since 2016.

Healy played guitar with Napalm Death in 1987, following the departure of Justin Broadrick, on a trial period, he was succeeded by Bill Steer after the band had a reshuffle following the departure of frontman Nic Bullen.

Cerebral Fix
Cerebral Fix are an English thrash metal band formed in Birmingham in 1986. They became members of the UK thrash metal and death metal scenes through four albums, three of which were on major labels before finally disbanding in 1993. In 2006, the band announced its reformation. Drummer Neil Farrington died in the early hours of 20 December 2009. They would reform in 2013 and record a fifth album released in 2016, before disbanding once more in 2017.
Cichlidogyrus attenboroughi
Cichlidogyrus attenboroughi is a species of monopisthocotylean monogeneans in the family Ancyrocephalidae (or Dactylogyridae according to certain classifications). It is a parasite of the gills of the fish Benthochromis horii in Lake Tanganyika.

Fish diseases and parasites
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.

Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis  in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi.

Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
Federal State Statistics Service
The Federal State Statistics Service (Russian: Федеральная служба государственной статистики, romanized: Federalnaya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, abbreviated as Rosstat) is the governmental statistics agency in Russia.

Since 2017, it is again part of the Ministry of Economic Development, having switched several times in the previous decades between that ministry and being directly controlled by the federal government.

Ministry of Economic Development (Russia)
The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации) is a federal ministry in the Russian Government. The ministry is responsible for regulating and forming policies related to socioeconomic and business development in Russia.
Emil Meinecke
Leutnant Emil Meinecke (20 July 1892 – 2 May 1975) was a German flying ace during World War I. He was credited with six confirmed aerial victories. After the war, he stayed in aviation, rising to the post of chief test pilot for Fokker. His post there ended with Germany's defeat in World War II. Meinecke then returned to his trade as an aircraft mechanic during the Berlin Airlift. He eventually became a Canadian citizen in 1950.

Fokker
Fokker (N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandse Vliegtuigenfabriek Fokker; lit. 'Royal Dutch Aircraft Factory Fokker') was a Dutch aircraft manufacturer that operated from 1912 to 1996. The company was founded by the Dutch aviator Anthony Fokker and became famous during World War I for its fighter aircraft. During its most successful period in the 1920s and 1930s, Fokker dominated the civil aviation market. The company's fortunes declined over the course of the late 20th century; it declared bankruptcy in 1996, and its operations were sold to competitors.
Wendy McDonald – Live in Japan
Wendy McDonald (Live in Japan) is a single/live EP by Spookey Ruben, released in 1996. The live tracks were recorded in July 1996 at Club Quattro, in Japan, and includes a cover of Golden Brown by The Stranglers. The album also includes a remix of Wendy McDonald by DJ Spooky.

Golden Brown
"Golden Brown" is a song by the English rock band the Stranglers, released as a 7-inch single on EMI's Liberty label in 1982. Noted for its distinctive harpsichord instrumentation, it was the second single released from the band's sixth studio album La Folie (1981). The single peaked at No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart, making it the band's highest-charting single in the country.
Motu Iti (Rapa Nui)
Motu Iti, or Little island in the Rapa Nui language, is a small uninhabited islet near Motu Nui, about a mile from Rano Kau on the south western corner of Easter Island, a Chilean island in the Pacific. It has a land area of 1.6 hectares, which makes it the second largest of the five satellite islands of Easter Island, after Motu Nui.

Nowadays it is a bird sanctuary and part of the Rapa Nui National Park but until the late nineteenth century CE it was important to the Rapanui people both as their best source of obsidian for sharp edged tools and for an annual harvest of eggs and fledglings from the seabirds that nested on it. Motu Iti is the summit of a large volcanic mountain which rises over 2,000 meters from the sea bed.

Seabirds nesting on Motu Iti include the sooty tern.

Rapa Nui people
The Rapa Nui (Rapa Nui: [ˈɾapa ˈnu.i], Spanish: [ˈrapa ˈnu.i]) are the Indigenous Polynesian peoples of Easter Island. The easternmost Polynesian culture, the descendants of the original people of Easter Island make up about 60% of the current Easter Island population and have a significant portion of their population residing in mainland Chile. They speak Rapa Nui and Chilean Spanish. At the 2017 census there were 7,750 island inhabitants—almost all living in the village of Hanga Roa on the sheltered west coast.

As of 2011, Rapa Nui's main source of income derived from tourism, which focuses on the giant sculptures called moai.

Over the past decade, Rapa Nui activists have been fighting for self-determination and sovereignty over their lands. Protests in 2010 and 2011 by the Indigenous Rapa Nui on Easter Island, objecting to the creation of a marine park and reserve, have led to clashes with Chilean police.
Agnes Wold
Agnes Wold (born 7 January 1955) is a professor of clinical bacteriology specializing in the normal flora of the body, at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. She is a nationally known commentator on television, radio and in newspapers on issues related to infectious disease and women in science.

Bacteriology
Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classification, and characterization of bacterial species. Because of the similarity of thinking and working with microorganisms other than bacteria, such as protozoa, fungi, and non-microorganism viruses, there has been a tendency for the field of bacteriology to extend as microbiology. The terms were formerly often used interchangeably. However, bacteriology can be classified as a distinct science.
Keshabkathi
Kesabkati or Keshabkathi is a village in Wazirpur Upazila of Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Kesabkati had 1,522 households and a population of 6,014. It has a total area of 5.51 km2 (2.13 sq mi).

Barisal District
Barisal District, officially Barishal District (Bengali: বরিশাল জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh, it was formerly called Bakerganj district, and established in 1797. Its headquarters is in Barisal city, which is also the headquarters of Barisal Division.
Tower Hill railway station (Devon)
Tower Hill railway station was a railway station that served a rural district being named after a local farm, near the River Carey, Devon, England. It was located on the North Cornwall Railway 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Halwill

River Carey
The River Carey is a small river in West Devon that is a tributary to the River Tamar.

The Carey rises in the Halwill Moor Plantation in Carey Valley, Halwill, flows south-west past Quoditch and Ashwater before flowing a southern course near Virginstow, then finally flowing into the River Tamar near the civil parish of St Stephens by Launceston Rural.
James Oliphant Fraser
James Oliphant Fraser (October 2, 1826 – February 14, 1904) was a businessman and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Fortune Bay in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1878 to 1885.

He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, one of ten sons and a daughter of Catherine and Donald Allan Fraser, coming to Newfoundland in 1842 when the family relocated to St. John's for Rev. Donald Fraser to take up his post as the first Presbyterian minister in Newfoundland. James established his own business in St. John's in 1846. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Newfoundland from 1864 to 1878. He served as chairman of the Board of Works from 1879 to 1882 and as surveyor general from 1882 to 1885. After he retired from politics, Fraser was Postmaster General from 1885 to 1902. He died in St. John's at the age of 77.

His son James Oliphant Fraser, Jr. also served in the Newfoundland assembly.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Mode 13h
Mode 13h is the standard 256-color mode on VGA graphics hardware introduced in 1987 with the IBM PS/2. It has a resolution of 320 × 200 pixels.  "13h" refers to the number of the mode in the VGA BIOS. The "h" stands for hexadecimal.

Mode 13h provides programmers with a linear 320 × 200 block of video memory, where each byte represents one pixel. This allows ease of programming at the expense of access to other useful features of the VGA hardware.

Given the aspect ratio of a 320 × 200 resolution screen for use on a 4:3 display, Mode 13h does not have square pixels.

Graphics hardware
Graphics hardware is computer hardware that generates computer graphics and allows them to be shown on a display, usually using a graphics card (video card) in combination with a device driver to create the images on the screen.
Walkerith
Walkerith is a hamlet within the civil parish of East Stockwith, in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the east bank of the River Trent, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north-west from Gainsborough and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south from East Stockwith.

The name 'Walkerith' derives from the Old English for 'landing place of a fuller'.

Walkerith is recorded in the 1872 White's Directory as a small village and township in the Soke of Kirton, with a population of 80 in 252 acres (1 km2) of land. Trades listed included a boat builder, the licensed victualler of the Ferry Hotel, and four farmers.

In 1885, Kelly's Directory recorded the village as a township within the ecclesiastical parish of East Stockwith, with its own ferry across the Trent, an area of 253 acres (1 km2), an 1881 population of 87, and a Wesleyan chapel built in 1834. Prior to 1866 Walkerwith was, for administrative purposes, a township, afterwards a civil parish.

Fulling
Fulling, also known as tucking or walking (Scots: waukin, hence often spelt waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate (lanolin) oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it shrink by friction and pressure. The work delivers a smooth, tightly finished fabric that is insulating and water-repellent. Well-known examples are duffel cloth, first produced in Flanders in the 14th century, and loden, produced in Austria from the 16th century on.

Waulking could be done with the hands and feet. In medieval Europe, it was done in water-powered fulling mills. After the Industrial Revolution, coal and electric power were used.

Felting refers more generally to the interlocking of loose wool fibers; they need not be spun and woven first.