hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lindel Frater
Lindel Frater (born 13 November 1977 in Trelawny, Jamaica) is a former sprinter who specialised in the 60 metres and 100 metres events.

He competed at the 2000 Olympic Games, reaching the semi-finals in the 100 m and finishing fourth in the 4 × 100 metres relay as part of the Jamaican team which broke the national record. He also competed in the 100 m at the 2001 World Championships, dropping out at the heat stage, and in the 60 m at the 2003 World Indoor Championships, where he reached the semi-finals.

He is the brother of Michael Frater who holds the world record in the 4 × 100 m relay event. He stated that Lindel "is like the biggest influence in my life in terms of track and field. He was there before anyone else and I looked up to him".

2001 World Championships in Athletics
The 8th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada between 3 and 12 August 2001 and was the first time the event had visited North America. The music for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies was composed by Canadian composers Jan Randall and Cassius Khan. The ceremonies also featured a thousand-strong voice choir, and the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.

Edmonton defeated bids from Paris, France (which hosted the next edition) and the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States to host the event. Edmonton had previously hosted the 1978 Commonwealth Games and the 1983 Summer Universiade.
Carl Engelman
Carl Engelman (October 21, 1929 – November 26, 1983) was an American computer scientist. Carl is best known as the creator of MATHLAB. He was employed by Mitre Corporation and Symbolics.

He was a visiting professor at the University of Turin through a grant provided by National Research Council (Italy).

University of Turin
The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.
Michael Lipsky
Michael Lipsky (born April 13, 1940) is a Distinguished Senior Fellow at Demos, a public policy institution based in New York with offices in Washington, D.C., and Boston.  He was a program officer at the Ford Foundation after serving as a professor of political science at MIT. In 1998, Lipsky was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

He is well known in the field of public administration for his classic book about street-level bureaucracy.

National Academy of Public Administration (United States)
The National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) is a national academy of the United States in the field of public administration. As a congressionally-chartered, nonpartisan, and independent entity, its mission is to produce independent research and studies that advance the field of public administration and facilitate the development, adoption, and implementation of solutions to challenges of government administration. NAPA carries out its work outside of the government’s formal structure. It does not receive any direct federal appropriations.

Academy membership comprises scholars, public administrators, and former public officials who are elected as fellows due to their contributions to the field of public administration. As of 2025, there are more than 1,000 fellows.

It is one of two organizations chartered by Congress to support government oversight, along with the National Academy of Sciences.
Armed conflict for control of the favelas
The armed conflict for control of the favelas (also known as the "civil conflict for control of the favelas") is an ongoing conflict fought mainly between police militias, drug cartels and federal (or state) security forces in Brazil.

Battalion of Special Police Operations
The Battalion of Special Police Operations Portuguese: Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, BOPE) is the tactical unit of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil.

The BOPE was created in 1978 for PMERJ to have police officers who were specifically trained to act in hostage rescue operations and extreme risk situations. With time, BOPE had to do operations raiding Favelas to combat Rio de Janeiro's growing drug traffickers and organized crime, and it soon became recognized as one of the world's best units in urban warfare. The unit was subject of the 2007 film Tropa de Elite (Elite Squad), which helped popularize the unit in Brazil and internationally, shaping public perceptions of its tactics and operational culture.
African Studies Centre Leiden
The African Studies Centre (Dutch: Afrika-Studiecentrum) is a scientific institute in the Netherlands that undertakes social-science research on Africa with the aim of promoting a better understanding of historical, current and future social developments in Sub-Saharan Africa. The centre is an interfaculty institute of Leiden University. The present director since 2021 is Marleen Dekker. The institute is located in the Herta Mohr Building of Leiden University's Faculty of Humanities.

Africa Yearbook
The Africa Yearbook (subtitle Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara) is a reference book published by the Arnold Bergstraesser Institute (ABI), which is compiled annually in co-operation between two editors from the ABI and from Botswana and Ghana at the Brill publishing house (Leiden).
Tanja Ariane Baumgartner
Tanja Ariane Baumgartner is a German operatic mezzo-soprano. A member of the Oper Frankfurt since 2009, she has enjoyed an international career, appearing in major European and American opera houses and the Salzburg Festival.

Erwin Schulhoff
Erwin Schulhoff (Czech: Ervín Schulhoff; 8 June 1894 – 18 August 1942) was an Austro-Czech composer and pianist. He was one of the figures in the generation of European musicians whose successful careers were prematurely terminated by the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany and whose works have been rarely noted or performed beyond Czechoslovakia until the 1980s.
Lely
Lely can refer to:

Cornelis Lely, Dutch engineer and statesman

Peter Lely, Dutch portrait painter of the 17th century

Jan Anthony Lely, inventor of the Lely method

Durward Lely, Scottish opera singer and actor

Lely, a census-designated place in Florida, the United States

Lely, a Dutch agricultural machine manufacturer

Lely High School, a high school in Naples, Florida

Peter Lely
Sir Peter Lely (14 September 1618 – 30 November 1680) was a painter of Dutch origin whose career was nearly all spent in England, where he became the dominant portrait painter to the court. He became a naturalised British subject and was knighted in 1680 by King Charles II.
Burmasigi
Burmasigi (Georgian: ბურმასიგი; Ossetian: Бурмæсыг, Burmæsyg — ″yellow tower″) is a village in the historical region of Khevi, north-eastern Georgia. It is located on the left bank of the river Tergi, on the southern slopes of the Khokhi Range. Administratively, it is part of the Kazbegi Municipality in Mtskheta-Mtianeti. Distance to the municipality center Stepantsminda is 41 km.

Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Mtskheta-Mtianeti (Georgian: მცხეთა-მთიანეთი, IPA: [mt͡sʰχetʰa‿mtʰianetʰi]) is a region (mkhare) in eastern Georgia comprising the town of Mtskheta, which serves as a regional capital, together with its district and the adjoining mountainous areas. The western part of the region, namely the entire Akhalgori Municipality, is controlled by breakaway South Ossetia since the 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
Shantha Biotechnics
Shantha Biotechnics Limited is an Indian biotechnology company headquartered in Hyderabad, India. It is the first Indian company to develop, manufacture, and market recombinant human healthcare products in India. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Sanofi group.

Shantha Biotechnics caters to major international markets including Asia-Pacific, Africa, Commonwealth of Independent States, and Latin America in addition to international organisations UNICEF and PAHO.

Pan American Health Organization
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) in charge of international health cooperation in the Americas. It fosters technical cooperation among member countries to fight communicable and noncommunicable diseases, strengthen health systems, and respond to emergencies and disasters.

PAHO has 35 Member States and four Associate Members in the region. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., PAHO is the regional office for the World Health Organization in the Americas, and the health organization of the Inter-American System. It is known in Latin America as the OPS  (Spanish: Organización Panamericana de la Salud) or OPAS (Portuguese: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde).
Tim Rose (American football)
Tim Rose (born October 14, 1941) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the defensive coordinator and linebackers coach for Ashland University, positions he has held since 2009. Rose served as the head football coach at Miami University from 1983 to 1989, compiling a record of 31–44–3. He has over 35 years of experience as a defensive coordinator at the college level including stints at Miami, the University of Memphis, the University of Cincinnati, the University of Minnesota, Boston College, East Carolina University, Eastern Michigan University, Louisiana Tech University and the University of Toledo.

Ashland University
Ashland University is a private university in Ashland, Ohio, United States. The university consists of a 135-acre (55 ha) main campus and several off-campus centers throughout central and northern Ohio. Ashland was founded in 1878 as Ashland College.  It is affiliated with The Brethren Church.

In addition to a graduate school, the university consists of four colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the Schar College of Education, the Dauch College of Business and Economics, and the Schar College of Nursing and Health Sciences and offers over 60 college majors. Ashland Theological Seminary, a division of Ashland University, offers a Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degree as well as master's degrees. Ashland is classified as a master's university with most graduate research being in a professional field.
Bob Carmody (American football)
Robert Francis Carmody (1870 – December 31, 1899) was an American college football player and coach, college baseball player, and physician. He served as the head football coach at Georgetown University in 1894 and co-head football coach at Fordham University in 1897 with Frederick Shaeffer, compiling a career head coaching record of 7–7–1.

Carmody played football at Fordham as a halfback. At Georgetown, he played at fullback and end, and was captain of the 1892 Georgetown football team. Carmody was also a pitcher for the Georgetown Hoyas baseball team. In 1896, he was a resident physician at Robert Packer Hospital in Sayre, Pennsylvania. Carmody died at the age of 29, on December 31, 1899, at his home in Sayre. He had suffered from Bright's disease.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Önundur vís
Önundur vís (also víss), or Önundur the Wise, was an early Icelandic settler in Skagafjörður during the 9th and 10th centuries. First, he settled land in the eastern portion of Austurdalur (east valley). Then, according to the Landnámabók, he tried to claim the western part of the valley after becoming aware that Eiríkur Hróaldsson of Goðdalir intended to go and claim the that part of the valley for himself, Önundur rushed to shoot a flaming arrow across the Austari-Jökulsá river and claim the western side of Austurdalur with fire. The Landnámabók states that he lived "in the middle of the river" and Ábær is considered to have been a part of his homestead.

Austari-Jökulsá
Austari-Jökulsá (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈœysta(ː)rɪ-ˈjœːkʏlsˌauː], "easterly glacier river") is a glacial river in the north of Iceland. After the confluence with Vestari-Jökulsá it forms the Héraðsvötn.
4-Anisaldehyde
4-Anisaldehyde, or p-Anisaldehyde, is an organic compound with the formula CH3OC6H4CHO.  The molecule consists of a benzene ring with a formyl and a methoxy group.  It is a colorless liquid with a strong aroma. It provides sweet, floral and strong aniseed odor.  Two isomers of 4-anisaldehyde are known, ortho-anisaldehyde and meta-anisaldehyde.  They are less commonly encountered.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Censorship in Peru
Censorship in Peru has been prevalent throughout its history. There have been multiple shifts in the level of freedom of the press in Peru, starting in the late 1900s when the country was oppressed, to the early 2000s when the country experienced more freedom; only recently has the country been ranked as partly free. After the neoliberal economic policies implemented in the 1990s stabilized the national economy and led it to an economic boom in the 21st century, usage of TV and access to internet has vastly increased, leading to more spaces of expression.

El Comercio (Peru)
El Comercio is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima. Founded in 1839, it is the oldest newspaper in Peru and one of the oldest Spanish-language papers in the world. It has a daily circulation of more than 120,000. It is considered a newspaper of record and one of the most influential media in Peru.
Forensic polymer engineering
Forensic polymer engineering is the study of failure in polymeric products. The topic includes the fracture of plastic products, or any other reason why such a product fails in service, or fails to meet its specification. The subject focuses on the material evidence from crime or accident scenes, seeking defects in those materials that might explain why an accident occurred, or the source of a specific material to identify a criminal. Many analytical methods used for polymer identification may be used in investigations, the exact set being determined by the nature of the polymer in question, be it thermoset, thermoplastic, elastomeric or composite in nature.

One aspect is the analysis of trace evidence such as skid marks on exposed surfaces, where contact between dissimilar materials leaves material traces of one left on the other. Provided the traces can be analyzed successfully, then an accident or crime can often be reconstructed.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Jack Mosley
Jack Mosley is an American boxing coach and manager, from United States and the father of World Champion Shane Mosley. He was selected to receive the Futch–Condon Award for the 1998 Trainer of the Year by the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA).

Shane Mosley
Shane Mosley (born September 7, 1971), often known by his nickname "Sugar" Shane Mosley, is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1993 to 2016. He held multiple world championships in three weight classes, including the IBF lightweight title; the WBA (Super) and WBC welterweight titles; and the WBA (Super), WBC, and The Ring magazine light middleweight titles. He was also a lineal champion at welterweight (twice) and light middleweight.

In 1998, the Boxing Writers Association of America named Mosley as their Fighter of the Year. He was also given the same honor by the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2000. In 2000 and 2001, he was named the world's best active boxer, pound for pound, by The Ring.
Lice Waqaliti
Lice "Lido" Waqaliti is a Fijian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. She has been a member of the Fiji women's national team.

Waqaliti is from Vanua Levu. She started playing football when she was 15. She represented Fiji at the 2007 and 2011 Pacific Games. In 2016 she was assistant coach for the Fiji women's national under-17 football team at the 2016 OFC U-17 Women's Championship. In 2017 she trained the goalkeepers for the 2017 Pacific Mini Games. In 2020 she became Fiji's first female licensed football instructor. She works as a Goalkeeping Developing Officer for the Fiji Football Association.

2007 South Pacific Games
The 13th South Pacific Games (Samoan: Taʻaloga Lona-Sefulu-Tolu a le Pasefika i Saute), also known as Apia 2007, were held from 25 August to 8 September 2007 in Apia, Samoa. The Games were the thirteenth to be held since the inception of the South Pacific Games in 1963, and included traditional multi-sport event disciplines, such as athletics and swimming, alongside region-specific and smaller events such as outrigger canoeing, surfing and lawn bowls.

The principal venue for the Games was Apia Park, with other events taking place at the Faleata Sporting Complex and at other locations around Samoa. The cost of the games was reported to be US$92 million and resulted in significant government debt for Samoa due to infrastructure projects which included replacement bridges and roads.
Mariana Engracia de Toledo y Portugal, Marquise of Los Vélez
Mariana Engracia de Toledo Portugal y Pimentel, Marquise of Los Velez (1623-1686), was a Spanish courtier. She was the lady-in-waiting (junior Camarera mayor de Palacio) to the queen of Spain, Mariana of Austria, and the aya (nurse or royal governess) to king Charles II of Spain.

Camarera mayor de Palacio
The Camarera mayor de Palacio (First Lady of the Bedchamber) was a court official of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain, who was in charge of the person and the rooms of the Queen of Spain.
Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency
The Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (in Portuguese, Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica, ANEEL) is a regulatory agency of the Government of Brazil linked to the Ministry of Mines and Energy. Founded in 1996, its stated goal is to "provide favorable conditions for the electricity market to develop in a balanced environment amongst agents, for the benefit of society."

Ministry of Mines and Energy (Brazil)
The Ministry of Mines and Energy (Portuguese: Ministério de Minas e Energia, MME) is a Brazilian government ministry established in 1960. It fosters investments in mining and energy-related activities, funds research and sets out government policies. Previously, mines and energy were the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture. As of 1 January 2023, the minister of mines and energy is Alexandre Silveira.
Nagui Asaad
Nagui Asaad Youssef (a.k.a. Nagy Assaad Youssef)  ناجى أسعد, (born 12 September 1945), is a retired Egyptian  athlete (track and field) who represented Egypt in international athletics events in the 1970s and early 1980s in shot put and discus throw.

Mediterranean Games
The Mediterranean Games is a multi-sport event organised by the International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM). It is held every four years among athletes from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea in Africa, Asia and Europe. The first Mediterranean Games were held in 1951 in Alexandria, Egypt, while the most recent games were held in 2022 in Oran, Algeria.
Saint-Chamond-Mondragón
The Canon de 75 modèle 1915 Saint-Chamond also known as the Canon de Tir Rapide 75 mm St Chamond or the Saint-Chamond-Mondragón was specified in the 1890s by Mexican General Manuel Mondragón, designed mostly by Colonel Émile Rimailho, and produced by the French arms manufacturer Saint-Chamond. It was widely used by different forces during the Mexican Revolution. It was also used in modified form to arm some of the French Saint-Chamond tanks deployed during the First World War.

Israel purchased a number of pieces from Mexico in 1948 and used them in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Because of its Mexican origin, the gun was known in Israel as Cucaracha. Three surviving pieces are on display in Israeli museums: two in the Israel Defense Forces History Museum in Tel Aviv, and one in Beyt ha-Gdudim museum in moshav Avihayil.

Israel Defense Forces History Museum
32°03′34″N 34°45′45″E﻿ / ﻿32.05944°N 34.76250°E﻿ / 32.05944; 34.76250

The Israel Defense Forces History Museum (Hebrew: בתי האוסף, Batei HaOsef, lit. The Collection Houses) is a museum dedicated to the history of Israel's military, from the underground organizations active during the British Mandate for Palestine to the modern Israel Defense Forces. The museum was built in southern Tel Aviv, next to the Jaffa Railway Station.

As of January 1, 2019, the museum is closed while it's being relocated to Latrun and is expected to reopen in 2021. The museum grounds were vacated by the Ministry of Defense in August 2019.
Superior hypogastric plexus
The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies anterior to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. It bifurcates to form the left and the right hypogastric nerve. The SHP is the continuation of the abdominal aortic plexus.

Plexus
In anatomy, a plexus (from the Latin term for 'braid') is a branching network of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or nerves. The nerves are typically axons outside the central nervous system.

The standard plural form in English is plexuses. Alternatively, the Latin plural plexūs may be used.
Woodson's Mill
Woodson's Mill, also known as Piney River Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Lowesville, Nelson County, Virginia. It is believed to have been built originally for Guiliford Campbell in 1794. The present building has undergone three periods of structural and mechanical improvements, most of which date to the nineteenth century.  Sometime after 1900, Dr. Julian B. Woodson added a sophisticated roller mill system for the production of fine white flour and he built his office into the west end of the mill.  The mill continues to function with two water wheels and houses an operating cider press.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Nelson County, Virginia
Nelson County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,775. Its county seat is Lovingston. Nelson County is part of the Charlottesville metropolitan area.