hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Stanley Pease
Arthur Stanley Pease (September 22, 1881 – January 7, 1964) was a professor of Classics, a respected amateur botanist, and the tenth president of Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts.  Pease was once described by his fellow faculty members as an "indefatigable pedestrian, and New Englander to the core."

Amateur
An amateur (from French 'one who loves') is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
Witów, Piotrków County
Witów [ˈvituf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulejów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) west of Sulejów, 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 51 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement
Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement (Hebrew: יעד – תנועה לזכויות האזרח, Ya'ad – Tenoa'a LaZkhuyot HaEzrah), commonly known as just Ya'ad, was a short-lived political party in Israel. It is not related to the other party by the name of Ya'ad, which existed during the ninth Knesset.

1977 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 17 May 1977 to elect the ninth Knesset. For the first time in Israeli political history, the right wing, led by Likud, won a plurality of seats, ending almost 30 years of rule by the left-wing Alignment and its predecessor, Mapai. The dramatic shift in Israeli politics caused by the outcome led to it becoming known as "the upheaval" (Hebrew: המהפך, HaMahapakh), a phrase coined by TV anchor Haim Yavin when he announced the election results live on television with the words "Ladies and gentlemen—an upheaval!" (Hebrew: !גבירותי ורבותי—מהפך, Gvirotai veRabotai—Mahapakh!). The election saw the beginning of a period lasting almost two decades where the left- and right-wing blocs held roughly equal numbers of seats in the Knesset.

Voter turnout was 79%.
Mike Adamle
Michael David Adamle (born October 4, 1949) is an American former professional football player and sports broadcaster. He played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL).

Adamle was a sports anchor at other Chicago television stations, including WLS-TV from 1982 to 1989 before hosting American Gladiators, a first stint at WMAQ-TV from 1998 to 2001, and then at WBBM-TV from 2001 to 2004 before returning to WMAQ-TV until 2017, when he was diagnosed with CTE-induced dementia which eventually forced his retirement.

For much of 2008, Adamle worked for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in a variety of roles, including interviewer, play-by-play commentator, and General Manager of Raw.

1971 NFL draft
The 1971 NFL draft was held January 28–29, 1971, at the Belmont Plaza Hotel in New York City, New York.  The Boston Patriots, who did not officially change their name to New England Patriots until after the draft, used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Heisman Trophy winner. It was the first draft where the first three selections were quarterbacks (Plunkett, Archie Manning, and Dan Pastorini).

During round 17, after Falcons coach Norm Van Brocklin had yelled to his staff "Do we want the roughest, toughest s.o.b. in the draft?!", the team drafted the then-64-year-old actor John Wayne, though saying he was from "Fort Apache State" (Wayne actually played football at USC); NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected the selection.
Lysophosphatidylinositol
Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI, lysoPI), or L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol, is an endogenous lysophospholipid and endocannabinoid neurotransmitter. LPI, along with its 2-arachidonoyl- derivative, 2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (2-ALPI), have been proposed as the endogenous ligands of GPR55. Recent studies have shown that the fatty acyl composition of LPI influences neuroinflammatory responses in primary neuronal cultures, highlighting its potential role in neuroinflammation.

Lysophospholipid receptor
The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of  integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling.  In humans, there are eleven LPL receptors, each encoded by a separate gene.  These LPL receptor genes are also sometimes referred to as "Edg" (an acronym for endothelial differentiation gene).
147th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment
The 147th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (147 zrp) (Russian: 147-й зенитный ракетный полк (147 зрп); Military Unit Number 96869) is a surface-to-air missile regiment of the Belarusian Air and Air Defense Forces. Stationed at Babruysk, the regiment is equipped with the Osa-AKM short-range, low altitude surface to air missile system to provide air defense for the local air base. Before being reduced to a regiment in 2017, it was the 147th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade.

Military Unit Number
A Military Unit Number (Russian: войсковая часть, в/ ч; Ukrainian: військова частина, в/ ч) is a unique numeric code assigned to military units of the Soviet Union and some Post-Soviet states. It is usually a four or five digit code for the purpose of identifying units of the armed forces and internal troops.

Military Unit Numbers for ground forces are assigned for a specific military unit (corps, division, brigade, etc.) while for the navy it is assigned to an individual ship. The number is also used for the unit's military mail and other logistics.
Dharampur Himachal railway station
Dharampur Himachal Railway Station is a small railway station in Dharampur town in Solan district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The station lies on UNESCO World Heritage Site Kalka–Shimla Railway. Dharmpur railway station is located at an altitude of 1,482 metres (4,862 ft) above mean sea level. It was allotted the railway code of DMP under the jurisdiction of Ambala railway division. The 610 mm (2 ft) narrow-gauge Kalka–Shimla Railway was constructed by Delhi–Ambala–Kalka Railway Company and opened for traffic in 1903. In 1905 the line was regauged to 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) gauge.

Solan district
Solan district is one of the twelve districts of the Himachal Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Solan is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district occupies an area of 1936 km2. It is culturally part of the historical Mahasu region.
Glossary of the French Revolution
This glossary of the French Revolution generally does not explicate names of individual people or their political associations; those can be found in List of people associated with the French Revolution.

The terminology routinely used in discussing the French Revolution can be confusing. The same political faction may be referred to by different historians (or by the same historian in different contexts) by different names. During much of the revolutionary period, the French used a newly invented calendar that fell into complete disuse after the revolutionary era. Different legislative bodies had rather similar names, not always translated uniformly into English.

National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was a constituent assembly in the Kingdom of France formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.
The Ghost Tower of Inverness
The Ghost Tower of Inverness is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, set in the game's World of Greyhawk campaign setting. The module's title refers to an ancient magical tower located in the southern Abbor-Alz Hills.  The "C" in the module code represents the first letter in the word "competition," the name of C1 – C6 module series.

Erol Otus
Erol Otus is an American artist and game designer, who contributed art to the fantasy role-playing game (RPG) genre, especially early in the Dungeons & Dragons franchise. He created art for the award winning Star Control II as well as providing the voice for one of the character races, the Chmmr, in the same game.
Foi language
Foi, also known as Foe or Mubi River, is one of the two East Kutubuan languages of the Trans-New Guinea family spoken along Lake Kutubu and Mubi River, located in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. Dialects of Foi are Ifigi, Kafa, Kutubu, Mubi. A Swadesh list for the Foi language was documented by The Rosetta Project in 2010. The estimated number of Foi speakers as of 2015 is between 6,000 and 8,000.

Rosetta Project
The Rosetta Project is a global collaboration of language specialists and native speakers working to develop a contemporary version of the historic Rosetta Stone. Run by the Long Now Foundation, the project aims to create a survey and near-permanent archive of 1,500 languages that can enable comparative linguistic research and education and might help recover or revitalize lost languages in the future.

The project works through an open-contribution, open-review process similar to the one that created the Oxford English Dictionary. The archive will be publicly available in three media: a HD-Rosetta micro-etched nickel alloy disc three inches (7.62 cm) across with a 2,000-year life expectancy; a single-volume monumental reference book; and a growing online archive.
Goodwin Hollow Creek
Goodwin Hollow Creek is a stream in Laclede County in the Ozarks of south central Missouri.

The headwaters of the stream arise northwest of Lebanon at 37°35′45″N 92°42′43″W﻿ / ﻿37.59583°N 92.71194°W﻿ / 37.59583; -92.71194 and the confluence with the Dry Auglaize Creek is at 37°51′21″N 92°39′46″W﻿ / ﻿37.85583°N 92.66278°W﻿ / 37.85583; -92.66278.

Goodwin Hollow Creek has the name of Peter Goodwin, a pioneer citizen.

Lebanon, Missouri
Lebanon is a city in and the county seat of Laclede County, Missouri, United States. The population was estimated at 15,013 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Laclede County. The Lebanon Micropolitan Statistical Area consists of Laclede County. The original name of Lebanon, Missouri was Wyota, named after the original Native Americans that settled in the area. Later, Reverend Benjamin Hooker changed the name to his hometown in Lebanon, Tennessee.
Earl T. Ricks
Earl T. Ricks (July 9, 1908 – January 4, 1954) was a senior officer of the United States Air National Guard who served as deputy chief of the National Guard Bureau, chief of the Air Force Division, National Guard Bureau (1950–1954), and acting chief of the National Guard Bureau. His four months as acting bureau chief made him the first Air National Guard officer to hold the position.

National Guard Bureau
The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the National Guard established by the United States Congress as a joint bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force. It was created by the Militia Act of 1903. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, elevated the National Guard to a joint function of the Department of Defense. The 2007 NDAA, from the previous year, elevated the chief of the National Guard Bureau from a lieutenant general to a four-star general.
James Oliver Curwood
James Oliver Curwood (June 12, 1878 – August 13, 1927) was an American action-adventure writer and conservationist. His books were often based on adventures set in the Hudson Bay area, the Yukon or Alaska and ranked among the top-ten best sellers in the United States in the early and mid 1920s, according to Publishers Weekly. At least one hundred and eighty motion pictures have been based on or directly inspired by his novels and short stories; one was produced in three versions from 1919 to 1953. At the time of his death, Curwood was the highest paid (per word) author in the world.

He built Curwood Castle as a place to greet guests and as a writing studio in his hometown of Owosso, Michigan. The castle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is now operated by the city as a museum. The city commemorates him with an annual Curwood Festival.

David Smith (director)
David Smith (28 October 1872 – 25 April 1930) was an English film director and cinematographer of the silent era. He directed more than 70 films between 1915 and 1927. He was born in Faversham, Kent, and died in Santa Barbara, California. He was the older brother of Albert E. Smith, one of the co-founders of the Vitagraph Studios.
Disciple Records
Disciple Records, aka Disciple and fka Disciple Recordings, is a British-American independent electronic music record label well known for releasing bass music, dubstep, riddim and trap music records. The record label is and was home to artists such as 12th Planet, Barely Alive, Dirtyphonics, Dodge & Fuski, Modestep, PhaseOne, and Virtual Riot. Disciple is currently owned by Create Music Group since as early as September 2019.

Riddim (genre)
Riddim is a subgenre of dubstep known for its heavy use of repetitive and minimalist sub-bass and triplet percussion arrangements. It shares the same name as the Jamaican genre that influenced both it and dubstep, which originally derived from dub, reggae, and dancehall. Originating in the United Kingdom, specifically Croydon, in the early 2010s as a resurgence of the style used by early dubstep works, riddim started to gain mainstream presence in the electronic music scene around 2015.

Despite receiving criticism for its sometimes repetitive drops, it has grown in popularity due to various well-known electronic music DJs playing songs of the subgenre in their live sets as well as various well-known electronic music artists producing the genre.
2018 Liga 3 (Georgia)
Тhe 2018 Liga 3 was the second season under its current name and 31st third-tier season after the creation of independent football league system in Georgia. As a single two-round competition, it began on 5 March and ended on 6 December.

Football in Georgia (country)
Football is the most popular sport in Georgia. It is governed by the Georgian Football Federation (GFF). Approximately 30% of the Georgian people are interested in football The GFF organises the men's, women's, and futsal national teams.

Georgian Football Federation was established in 1936 and remained a member of the USSR Football Federation from then until 1989. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Football Federation of Independent Georgia was founded on February 15, 1990. It is believed that modern Georgian football was introduced by English sailors who played in Poti at the beginning of the 20th century.
Mark Degli Antoni
Mark degli Antoni (sometimes credited as Mark De Gli Antoni) is an American composer, known for his work as co-founder and keyboard sampler for the band Soul Coughing from 1992 to 2000.

He studied music composition at the Mannes School of Music in New York City.

Since leaving Soul Coughing, he has devoted much of his energy toward film scoring. Film scores include Cherish,  Marie and Bruce, the HBO documentary Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired, Into the Abyss directed by Werner Herzog, Crown Heights directed by Matt Ruskin, and the Netflix documentary Get Me Roger Stone.

Antoni collaborated with his former Soul Coughing bandmate Sebastian Steinberg as part of the backing band on Miho Hatori's 2005 album Ecdysis. He has toured with Low, John Scofield, and David Byrne on the Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno Tour.

In 2024, Antoni rejoined Soul Coughing for a reunion tour, including an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.

Cherish (film)
Cherish is a 2002 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Finn Taylor.  It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 14, 2002 and had a limited theatrical release June 7 of that same year.  The Region 1 DVD was originally released June 1, 2004 and then re-released on October 25, 2005 with new cover art. The movie's title is a nod to The Association's 1966 hit song with the same name.
Yakov Agranov
Yakov Saulovich Agranov (Russian: Я́ков Сау́лович Агра́нов; born Yankel Samuilovich Sorenson; 12 October 1893 – 1 August 1938) was the first chief of the Soviet Main Directorate of State Security and a deputy of NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda. He is known as one of main organizers of Soviet political repressions and Stalinist show trials in the 1920s and 1930s. He fabricated the "Tagantsev conspiracy" case and the Moscow trials, including the Trial of the Twenty One and the Industrial Party Trial, as well as mass arrests and executions in Saint Petersburg during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge.

Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined. The purpose of holding a show trial is to present both accusation and verdict to the public, serving as an example and a warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors.

Show trials tend to be retributive rather than corrective, and they are also conducted for propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected classes or characteristics, show trials are examples of political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928.
Aureation
Aureation ("to make golden", from Latin: aureus) is a device in arts of rhetoric that involves the "gilding" (or supposed heightening) of diction in one language by the introduction of terms from another, typically a classical language considered to be more prestigious. Aureation commonly involves other mannered rhetorical features in diction; for example circumlocution, which bears a relation to more native literary devices such as the kenning. It can be seen as analogous to Gothic schools of ornamentation in carving, painting, or ceremonial armoury.

In terms of prosody it stands in direct contrast to plain language and its use is sometimes regarded, by current standards of literary taste, as overblown and exaggerated. But aureated expression does not necessarily mean loss of precision or authenticity in poetry when handled by good practitioners.

William Dunbar
William Dunbar (1459 or 1460 – by 1530) was a Scottish makar, or court poet, active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He was closely associated with the court of King James IV and produced a large body of work in Scots distinguished by its great variation in themes and literary styles. He was probably a native of East Lothian, as assumed from a satirical reference in The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. His surname is also spelt Dumbar.
La Trinité-des-Monts
La Trinité-des-Monts (French pronunciation: [la tʁinite de mɔ̃]) is a parish municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Rimouski-Neigette Regional County Municipality.

The municipality's religious name refers to the trinity in Christianity. The name was inspired by the Mission of the Holy Spirit, which gave rise to the parish of La Trinité-des-Monts and the neighbouring parish of Esprit-Saint. In fact, the post office where La Trinité-des-Monts was later organised took the name Esprit-Saint in 1938. The post office was renamed Cenellier in 1939, after a local river. It adopted its current name of La Trinité-des-Monts in 1943. These place names were chosen by the religious authorities of the Archdiocese of Rimouski. More specifically, it was Monsignor Charles-Eugène Parent, Bishop of Rimouski, who baptised the parish when he spotted the Notre Dame Mountains to the east while looking for a site to build the church of La Trinité-des-Monts.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
ConClave (convention)
ConClave was an annual, weekend-long science fiction convention in southeastern/central Michigan, which drew approximately 600 people. ConClave attendees shared an interest in science, science fiction, fantasy, and related genres. The ConClave convention was held each year from 1976 to 2016, with the exception of 2012. In 2017, the convention was rebranded as The Continuum.

While remaining true to its literary roots, ConClave celebrated fantasy and science fiction in all its myriad forms, including art, music, theatrical performance, and film.  Displays included animation, television, fantasy role-play, and renaissance reenactment. Participants included gaming enthusiasts, writers of fiction, pilots of spaceships, Rennies, and Furries. ConClave was an all-ages event.

Dean McLaughlin (writer)
Dean Benjamin McLaughlin, Jr. (born 1931) is an American science fiction writer. He was the son of astronomers Dean B. McLaughlin and Laura Elizabeth Hill Mclaughlin.

His best-known work is Hawk Among the Sparrows (1968), which was nominated for both the Hugo Award and Nebula Award for Best Novella. 
It concerns a late-20th century fighter plane which travels through time, and tries to contend with World War I aircraft. Other works include Dawn (1980), a novel inspired by Isaac Asimov's "Nightfall". His novella, Tenbrook of Mars, appeared in the July/August 2008 issue of Analog.
External cephalic version
External cephalic version (ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery. It is usually performed late in pregnancy, that is, after 36 gestational weeks, preferably 37 weeks, and can even be performed in the early stages of childbirth.

ECV is endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) as a mode to avoid the risks associated with a vaginal breech or cesarean delivery for singleton breech presentation.

ECV can be contrasted with "internal cephalic version", which involves a hand inserted through the cervix.

Vaginal delivery
A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring in mammals (babies in humans) through the vagina (also called the "birth canal"). It is the most common method of childbirth worldwide. It is considered the preferred method of delivery, as it is correlated with lower morbidity and mortality than caesarean sections (C-sections), though it is not clear whether this is causal.