hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conspiracy Island
Conspiracy Island is a privately owned tidal island situated in the Assonet River off Berkley, Massachusetts.

According to the 2000 census, Conspiracy Island is uninhabited.  In very low tides, the island is actually a peninsula, accessible across a sandy stretch of land connecting it to a nearby beach.

A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts, published in 1890, describes the history of localities in Massachusetts.  In its listing for Berkley, the book states that the island may have received its name from its connection to King Philip, himself the namesake of King Philip's War. Berkley's history also includes a legend that in 1675 on Conspiracy Island King Phillip formed his confederacy.

Metacomet
Metacomet (c. 1638 in Massachusetts – August 12, 1676), also known as Pometacom,: 205  Metacom, and by his adopted English name King Philip, was sachem (elected chief) to the Wampanoag people from 1662–1676, and the second son of the sachem Massasoit. Metacomet became sachem after Massasoit's death. Metacomet was killed on August 12, 1676, near Mount Hope, Rhode Island. Scholars say his death marked the end of King Phillip's War (1675–1678).

Metacomet's initial goal was to live in peace with the colonists. His main responsibility was trade with the colonists. This peace changed later on after consistent negative interactions with the colonists. King Phillip's War occurred between the Wampanoag people and English colonists for the sake of preserving Wampanoag land as the colonies continued to expand.
Medal of Honor Memorial
There are several memorials to recipients of the Medal of Honor:

African-American Medal of Honor Recipients Memorial

Hershel Woody Williams National Medal of Honor Monument, Washington, D.C. (planned)

Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial

Medal of Honor Memorial (Indianapolis)

Medal of Honor Memorial (Olympia, Washington)

Medal of Honor Memorial, Riverside National Cemetery

Medal of Honor Grove, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial

Texas Medal of Honor Memorial

National Medal of Honor Museum

Medal of Honor Memorial (Indianapolis)
The Medal of Honor Memorial is a monument located in White River State Park in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is dedicated in honor of all recipients of the Medal of Honor, the United States military's highest award for valor. The memorial was unveiled May 28, 1999, during Memorial Day weekend. The memorial is part of the Indiana War Memorials Commission.
Bismarck crow
The Bismarck crow (Corvus insularis) is a species of crow found in the Bismarck Archipelago. It was considered by many authorities to be a subspecies of the Torresian crow (C. orru), but is now treated as a distinct species.

Bismarck Archipelago
The Bismarck Archipelago (German: Bismarck-Archipel, pronounced [ˈbɪsmaʁk ˌaʁçiˈpeːl]) is a group of islands located just off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi).
Mizuno Tadayuki
Mizuno Tadayuki (水野 忠之, July 4, 1669 – April 23, 1731) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period. He served in a variety of positions in the Tokugawa shogunate, including wakadoshiyori, rōjū, and Kyoto Shoshidai.　Around 1722 he was appointed by Shogun Yoshimune as the first kanjōkata (勘定方) in charge of putting the Bakufu's financial affairs in order. By 1735, this had become the largest government office.

After the 47 rōnin incident, Tadayuki was given custody of nine of the Akō men: Hazama Jūjirō, Okada Suke'emon, Yatō Emonshichi, Muramatsu Sandayū, Mase Magokurō, Kayano Wasuke, Yokogawa Sanpei, Muramatsu Jirōzaemon, and Kanzaki Yogorō.

Akō Domain
Akō Domain (赤穂藩, Akō-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southwestern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Akō Castle, which is located in what is now the city of Akō, Hyōgo.
Maasia
Maasia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Annonaceae.

Its native range is Indo-China to New Guinea. It is found in Andaman Islands, Borneo, Java, Malaya, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera and Thailand.

The genus name of Maasia is in honour of Paul Maas (born 1939), a botanist from the Netherlands and a specialist in the flora of the neotropics. 
It was first described and published in Syst. Bot. Vol. 33 on page 493 in 2008. The name Mosannona Chatrou (1998), Annonaceae, was also named after him.

Systematic Botany
Systematic Botany is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the study of systematic botany. It is published quarterly by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 1.897.

Systematic Botany was established in spring 1976 under founding editor-in-chief William Louis Culberson (Duke University). The current editor-in-chief is James F. Smith (Boise State University).

The American Society of Plant Taxonomists also publishes the peer-reviewed taxonomic monograph series, Systematic Botany Monographs since 1980.
Bhagvatsinhji
Bhagvatsinhji (24 October 1865 – 9 March 1944) was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Gondal from 1869 until his death in 1944, upon which he was honoured with an 11-gun salute. He was the only ruler from princely states of Kathiawar Agency, in Bombay Presidency of British India, to have taken a medical degree, among other qualifications.

Yuvaraja
Yuvaraja (Sanskrit: युवराज, romanized: Yuvarāja), also rendered Yuvraj, is an Indian title for the crown prince, and the heir apparent to the throne of an Indian (notably Hindu) kingdom, empire or (notably in the Mughal Empire or Indian Empire) princely state. It is usually applied to the eldest son of a Raja (King), Maharaja (Great King) or Chakravarti (Emperor), traditionally a Kshatriya chief ruling one of the former kingdoms or vassal-rank princely states. The female equivalent or consort of a Yuvaraja is Yuvarani.
Isabel Hampton Robb
Isabel Adams Hampton Robb (1859–1910) was an American nurse theorist, author, nursing school administrator and early leader. Hampton was the first Superintendent of Nurses at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, wrote several influential textbooks, and helped to found the organizations that became known as the National League for Nursing, the International Council of Nurses, and the American Nurses Association. Hampton also played a large role in advancing the social status of nursing through her work in developing a curriculum of more advanced training during her time at the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing.

International Council of Nurses
The International Council of Nurses (ICN)  is a federation of more than 140 national nurses associations.  It was founded in 1899 and was the first international organization for health care professionals.  It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

The organization's goals are to represent nursing worldwide, advance the nursing profession, promote the wellbeing of nurses, and advocate for health in all policies.
Virendra Lal
Virenda Lal is a Fijian politician and member of the Parliament of Fiji. Elected as a member of the FijiFirst party, he became an independent following the party's collapse.

Before entering politics he was secretary of Hindu organisation Shree Sanatan Dharam Pratinidhi Sabha.

Lal entered parliament for the first time in December 2020, following the resignation of Vijendra Prakash. He contested the 2022 Fijian general election as a FijiFirst candidate, but did not win a seat.

He returned to parliament in February 2023 following the resignation of Rosy Akbar.

On 31 May 2024 he was one of 17 FijiFirst MPs purportedly sacked by the party for voting to increase their salaries against a party directive. The sacking was deemed invalid by the speaker, and following the collapse and deregistration of the party he remained in parliament as an independent.

FijiFirst
FijiFirst (FF, Fijian: iMatai ni Viti; Fiji Hindi: फिजी प्रथम) was a liberal political party in Fiji. The party was formed in March 2014 by then Prime Minister, Frank Bainimarama. It was deregistered on 1 July 2024.
Krzysztof Kłosek
Krzysztof Kłosek (Świętochłowice, 16 July 1978) is a Polish singer and bass guitarist.

He has been a member of Horrorscope (2010 to 2012), Black From The Pit (2003 to 2012), Darzamat (2005 to 2007), Thorn.S (1999 to 2005 and 2008 to 2010) and Killjoy (2008 and 2009 to 2010).

Świętochłowice
Świętochłowice (Polish: [ɕfjɛntɔxwɔˈvit͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Schwientochlowitz; Silesian: Świyntochłowice) is a city with powiat rights in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is also one of the central cities of the Metropolis GZM, with a population of 2 million, and is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Rawa River (tributary of the Vistula).

It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Świętochłowice is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within a greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 49,762 (2019).
1955 Connecticut floods
The Flood of 1955 was one of the worst floods in Connecticut's history. Two back-to-back hurricanes saturated the land and several river valleys in the state, causing severe flooding in August 1955. The rivers most affected were the Mad River and Still River in Winsted, the Naugatuck River, the Farmington River, and the Quinebaug River. The towns that suffered the most loss include Farmington, Putnam, 
Naugatuck, 
Waterbury, and Winsted. 87 people died during the flooding, and property damage across the state was estimated at more than $200 million, in 1955 figures. The floods prompted changes in safety measures, river monitoring, and zoning laws.

Quinebaug River
The Quinebaug River (/ˈkwɪnəbɔːɡ/ KWIH-nə-bawg) is a river in south-central Massachusetts and eastern Connecticut, with watershed extending into western Rhode Island. The name "Quinebaug" comes from the southern New England Native American term, spelled variously Qunnubbâgge, Quinibauge, etc., meaning "long pond", from qunni-, "long", and -paug, "pond".  The river is one of the namesake rivers in the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor.
Inferno!
Inferno! (originally Carnage) was a bi-monthly magazine published from 1997 to 2004 by Games Workshop's publishing division, Black Library, which was initially just the name of the team brought together to work on Inferno!.

It presented fiction, artwork, and comics set in the fictional universe's of Games Workshop's fantasy and science fiction games.  These initially included Warhammer Fantasy Battle, Warhammer 40,000, and Necromunda, and later added the Mordheim and Gorkamorka settings.

Gorkamorka
Gorkamorka is a tabletop skirmish wargame produced by Games Workshop. It is set on the desert world of Angelis in the Warhammer 40,000 setting, and prominently features Orks.

The player takes control of a group of warriors with the objective to gain wealth and experience. The rules are derived from the second edition of Warhammer 40,000, with extra vehicle rules and an extensive campaign system added. In 1998 it received an expansion set, Digganob, which introduced additional playable factions, special characters, and scenarios.

In 2008 the rule book and source book for Gorkamorka were released on the Games Workshop website under the "Out of Print Games" section. The expansion set was not released in the same way.

A video game based on Gorkamorka was also being developed for Windows and the Dreamcast, but was scrapped shortly before the latter system was discontinued.
Autolysis (alcohol fermentation)
Autolysis in winemaking relates to the complex chemical reactions that take place when a wine spends time in contact with the lees, or dead yeast cells, after fermentation. While for some wines - and all beers - autolysis is undesirable, it is a vital component in shaping the flavors and mouth feel associated with premium Champagne production. The practice of leaving a wine to age on its lees (or sur lie aging) has a long history in winemaking dating back to Roman winemaking. The chemical process and details of autolysis were not originally understood scientifically, but the positive effects such as a creamy mouthfeel, breadlike and floral aromas, and reduced astringency were noticed early in the history of wine.

Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin adstringere, which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol, bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate, producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth.

Smoking tobacco is also reported to have an astringent effect.

In a scientific study, astringency was still detectable by subjects who had local anesthesia applied to their taste nerves, but not when both these and the trigeminal nerves were disabled.
Trioker
Trioker is a corner-matching puzzle game played using 25 equilateral triangle-shaped tiles. Each corner is marked with zero, one, two, or three dots and newly placed pieces must match the values on pieces already placed on the game board, similar to the gameplay of the earlier Triominoes.

Equilateral triangle
An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides have the same length, and all three angles are equal. Because of these properties, the equilateral triangle is a regular polygon, occasionally known as the regular triangle. It is the special case of an isosceles triangle by modern definition, creating more special properties.

The equilateral triangle can be found in various tilings, and in polyhedrons such as the deltahedron and antiprism. It appears in real life in popular culture, architecture, and the study of stereochemistry resembling the molecular known as the trigonal planar molecular geometry.
WNYF-CD
WNYF-CD (channel 28) is a low-power, Class A television station in Watertown, New York, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Gray Media alongside Carthage-licensed CBS affiliate WWNY-TV (channel 7). The two stations share studios on Arcade Street in downtown Watertown; WNYF-CD and WWNY-TV's transmitters are located on the same tower along NY 126/State Street on Champion Hill.

Since WNYF-CD's transmitter is not nearly strong enough to cover the entire market, the station can also be seen in 720p high definition on WWNY-TV's second digital subchannel.

Digital subchannel
In broadcasting, digital subchannels are a method of transmitting more than one independent program stream simultaneously from the same digital radio or television station on the same radio frequency channel. This is done by using data compression techniques to reduce the size of each individual program stream, and multiplexing to combine them into a single signal. The practice is sometimes called "multicasting".
Country Alliance (Dominican Republic)
The Country Alliance (Spanish: Alianza País, ALPAÍS) is a political party in the Dominican Republic founded in 2011 by Guillermo Moreno and other citizens.

Despite being a recently formed party, it has had a relatively positive acceptance by the population, obtaining in some polls even around 15% sympathy, according to the Greenberg-Diario Libre pollster.

Central Electoral Board
The Central Electoral Board (Spanish: Junta Central Electoral, JCE) of the Dominican Republic is a special body of the government of the Dominican Republic responsible for ensuring a democratic and impartial electoral process, and also administer the civil registry, the marital status of all Dominican citizens. It was created in the year 1923 as part of the negotiations to end the first US intervention, and currently its functions are to organize the presidential, congress and of overseas deputies held on the third Sunday of May of each leap year, and municipal elections held on the third Sunday of February of each leap year.
Tomaz Salomão
Tomaz Salomão (born 16 October 1954) is a Mozambican politician and economist. He was Minister of Economy and Finance from 1994 to 2000. 
He served as the third Executive Secretary of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Salomão was appointed at the 2005 Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Southern African Development Community in Gaborone, Botswana. He earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Opponents of President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe have criticized Salomão for his assessment of Zimbabwean elections as free and fair. Salomão said that SADC would pull out of an EU summit to be held in Lisbon in December 2007 if Zimbabwe was on the agenda. "SADC will not go to Lisbon to discuss Zimbabwe because the summit is not about Zimbabwe, but about relations between the EU and Africa," he said.

2013 Zimbabwean general election
General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013. Incumbent President Robert Mugabe was re-elected, whilst his ZANU–PF party won a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly.

The elections were not free and fair, as the ruling ZANU–PF party used the state to  intimidate the opposition.
West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany), the previous host of the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 290 competitors, 233 men and 57 women, took part in 163 events in 20 sports.

Peter Nocke
Peter Nocke (born 25 October 1955 in Langenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a retired freestyle swimmer, who represented West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the bronze medal in the men's 100 m freestyle. Nocke won a total number of nine European titles during the 1970s.
Carl Friedrich von Ledebour
Carl Friedrich von Ledebour (8 July 1786 in Stralsund – 4 July 1851 in Munich; also Karl Friedrich von Ledebour) was a Baltic German botanist.

Between 1811 and 1836, he was professor of science in the University of Tartu, Estonia.

His most important works were Flora Altaica, the first Flora of the Altay Mountains, published in 1833, and Flora Rossica, published in four volumes between 1841 and 1853, the first complete flora of the Russian Empire.

New species he described for the first time in the Flora Altaica include Malus sieversii (as Pyrus sieversii), the wild ancestor of the apple, and the Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica).

The plant genera Ledebouria (in the Asparagus family, Asparagaceae), and Ledebouriella (from the family Apiaceae) are named in his honor.

Larix sibirica
Larix sibirica, the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch L. gmelinii of eastern Siberia; the hybrid is known as Larix × czekanowskii.
Pierre De Meyts
Pierre De Meyts (1944-2025) was a Belgian physician and biochemist known for his research on fine chemical and kinetic aspects of ligand-receptor interaction, subunit assembly, and specific metabolic (as well as mitogenic) effects of hormones typically causing receptor tyrosine kinase activation such as insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). He has also studied receptor signalling for other peptide hormones such as growth hormone and relaxin, and key pathophysiological aspects of diabetes mellitus. De Meyts held professorial posts for over three decades at several European and United States institutions. After retirement, he returned to Belgium and continued as an emeritus professor in the Science Faculty at the Université Catholique de Louvain, and at the De Duve Institute in Brussels. While living in Denmark (1990-2010) he occupied executive research positions at Novo Nordisk. De Meyts (a.k.a. Chuck) was also known as a science cartoonist.

Relaxin
Relaxin is a protein hormone of about 6000 Da, first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.

The relaxin family peptide hormones belong to the insulin superfamily and consists of seven peptides of high structural but low sequence similarity; relaxin-1 (RLN1), 2 (RLN2) and 3 (RLN3), and the insulin-like (INSL) peptides, INSL3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6. The functions of relaxin-3, INSL4, INSL5, and INSL6 remain uncharacterised.
Nights Like These (album)
Nights Like These is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter and rapper Outasight. The album was released on November 23, 2012, via Warner Records. The album contains the platinum-selling single, "Tonight Is the Night", as well as three other singles, "Now or Never", "Shine" and "I'll Drink To That".

Andrew Goldstein (musician)
Andrew Goldstein (born March 17, 1986) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was born in Reston, Virginia, and attended James Madison University, graduating in 2008.

Goldstein began his career by singing in the band The Friday Night Boys on Fueled by Ramen. He has worked across genres with a wide array of artists, including Maroon 5, Megan Thee Stallion, Katy Perry, Tate McRae, Addison Rae, Linkin Park, Britney Spears, Demi Lovato, 5 Seconds of Summer, Blink-182, Kane Brown, blackbear, Yungblud, Reneé Rapp, LANY, and ILLENIUM. He also releases music as a solo artist and is sometimes credited under the name FRND (disemvoweling of "friend").
Politics, Religion and Her (song)
"Politics, Religion and Her" is a song written by Byron Hill and Tony Martin, and recorded by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw.  It was released in November 1996 as the third single and title track from the album Politics, Religion and Her.  The song peaked at #28 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Politics, Religion and Her
Politics, Religion and Her is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. The album launched several charting singles and itself charted at number 115 on The Billboard 200, also peaking at number 17 on Top Country Albums. Charting songs included "Vidalia", "Meant to Be", "Fit to Be Tied Down", and the title track, which peaked on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts at numbers 10, 5, 29, and 28 respectively.
2009 California elections
Elections were held in California on May 19, 2009. The elections were authorized by the State Legislature and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as a part of a budget signed into law on February 19, 2009. Voters voted on six ballot propositions, 1A through 1F, for the open 26th State Senate district seat, and in a primary for the open 32nd congressional district seat. All of the propositions except 1F were defeated.

KPIX-TV
KPIX-TV (channel 5), branded CBS Bay Area, is a television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving the San Francisco Bay Area. It is owned and operated by the CBS television network through its CBS News and Stations division, and is sister to KPYX (channel 44), an independent station. The two outlets share studios at Broadway and Battery Street, in San Francisco's North Waterfront district; KPIX's transmitter is located atop Sutro Tower. In addition to KPYX, KPIX shares its building with formerly co-owned radio stations KCBS, KFRC-FM, KITS, KLLC, KRBQ and KZDG (all now owned by Audacy, Inc.), although they use a different address number for Battery Street (865 as opposed to 855).