hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry Ragg
Harry Richard Ragg (6 January 1889 - 15 August 1967) was the Anglican Bishop of Calgary in the mid 20th century.

Ragg was born and educated at Hereford Cathedral School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he ran in the 100 meters race against Oxford for three years in succession. He was ordained in 1912. His first ministry position was as a curate at St Paul's Southport. Emigrating to Canada, he held incumbencies at Fruitvale, Trail and Chilliwack. From 1925 to 1930 he was the rector of All Saints' Winnipeg and then the Dean of Calgary until his ordination to the episcopate in 1943.

Ragg's son, Theodore David Butler Ragg, was the Bishop of Huron from 1974 to 1984.

Chilliwack
Chilliwack (/ˈtʃɪləwæk/ CHIL-ə-wak) is a city with a population of about 100,000 people and an area of 261 square kilometres (101 sq mi) in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the City of Vancouver in the Fraser Valley. The enumerated population is 93,203 in the city and 113,767 in the greater metropolitan area.

About two-thirds of city land is protected as part of the Agricultural Land Reserve, and agriculture accounts for about 30 percent of the local economy. The city is bounded on the north side by the Fraser River, and on the south side by the Vedder River and Canada–United States border, and is surrounded by tall mountain peaks, such as Mount Cheam and Slesse Mountain.
Franciszek Bieliński
Franciszek Bieliński of Junosza coat of arms (1683–1766) was a Polish statesman. A Crown Grand Marshal, Marshal of Prussia and a voivode of Chełmno, he is best remembered as a strong proponent of the expansion and the modernisation of the city of Warsaw. He is also the eponym of Marszałkowska Street (Marshal Street) in Warsaw, one of the major and most iconic streets of Poland's capital.

Starosta
Starosta /ˈstɑːrɒstə/ or starost (Cyrillic: старост/а, Latin: capitaneus, German: Starost, Hauptmann) is a community elder in some Slavic lands.

The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In reference to a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a starosta administered a crown land district called starostwo.

In the early Middle Ages, a starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an artel starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies.
AT2017be
AT 2017be was a weak electron capture type supernova explosion that occurred in blue compact dwarf galaxy NGC 2537, also known as the Bear claw galaxy, around 19.8 million light years from Earth.  The exact time of the explosion is not known, but it probably occurred within an eight-day time interval centered on January 2, 2017. It produced around 2×1040 ergs of energy and ejected around 8×104 M☉ (solar masses) of the isotope element Nickle-56. The progenitor star for this supernova was a super-asymptotic giant branch star that was embedded in a thick and dusty envelope.

During observation, it showed minor changes over time with the blue continuum slowly getting redder with time which makes it similar to the supernova SN 2008S.

Isotopes of nickel
Naturally occurring nickel (28Ni) consists of five stable isotopes; 58Ni, 60Ni, 61Ni, 62Ni and 64Ni; 58Ni is the most abundant at over 68%. 26 radioisotopes have been characterized; the most stable are 59Ni with a half-life of 81,000 years, 63Ni with a half-life of 101 years, and 56Ni  at 6.075 days. All the other radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 60 hours and most of these have half-lives of less than 30 seconds. This element also has 11 known meta states.
Cedars of Lebanon (song)
"Cedars of Lebanon" is a song by Irish rock band U2, featured as the eleventh and final track on their 2009 album, No Line on the Horizon. The song is sung from the perspective of a war correspondent who is "squeezing complicated lives into a simple headline" and who "observes "this shitty world" where the aroma of a rose "lingers and then it just goes". Additionally, the song samples "Against the Sky," a collaboration between producer Brian Eno and Harold Budd, originally featured on the 1984 album The Pearl.

Harold Budd
Harold Montgomory Budd (May 24, 1936 – December 8, 2020) was an American composer and poet. Born in Los Angeles and raised in the Mojave Desert, he became a respected composer in the minimal music and avant-garde scene of Southern California in the late 1960s, and later became better known for his work with figures such as Brian Eno and Robin Guthrie. Budd developed what he called a "soft pedal" technique for playing piano, with use of slow playing and prominent sustain.
Reading Belt Branch
The Reading Belt Branch is a railway line in Berks County, Pennsylvania. It runs 18.8 miles (30.3 km) from the north end of Reading, Pennsylvania, to Birdsboro, Pennsylvania. It was built by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway in 1902 to allow long, heavy coal trains to bypass downtown Reading. Today, it is part of the Harrisburg Line of the Norfolk Southern Railway.

United States Railway Association
The United States Railway Association (USRA) was a government-owned corporation created by United States federal law that oversaw the creation of Conrail, a railroad corporation that would acquire and operate bankrupt and other failing freight railroads. USRA operated from 1974 to 1986.
Gramlich
Gramlich is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Benedict Gramlich (1904–1974), German-American miner and activist

Charles Gramlich (born 1958), American writer

Edward Gramlich (1939–2007), American economist and academic

Hermann Gramlich (1913–1942), German footballer

Jeffrey Gramlich, American academic

Lori Gramlich, American politician

Rudolf Gramlich (1908–1988), German footballer and chairman

Zachary Gramlich, American politician

Lori Gramlich
Lori Kathryn Gramlich is an American politician and social worker. She is serving in the Maine House of Representatives from the 131st district, as well as a faculty position at the University of Southern Maine. Gramlich was sexually abused as a child, and has proposed laws dealing with abuse, gender and environmental issues.
Dolven
Dolven is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

A. K. Dolven (born 1953), Norwegian artist

Arnt Dolven (1892–1954), Norwegian agronomist and politician

Jeff Dolven (fl. 2001), American academic and poet

Jeff Dolven
Jeff Dolven is an American academic and poet. He is a professor of English at Princeton University, and the author of four books, one of which is a collection of his poems, and one of which was written in twenty-four hours.
Kamehameha II
Kamehameha II  (November 1797 – July 14, 1824) was the second king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1819 to 1824. His birth name was Liholiho and full name was Kalaninui kua Liholiho i ke kapu ʻIolani. It was lengthened to Kalani Kaleiʻaimoku o Kaiwikapu o Laʻamea i Kauikawekiu Ahilapalapa Kealiʻi Kauinamoku o Kahekili Kalaninui i Mamao ʻIolani i Ka Liholiho when he took the throne.

Due to his young age, his power was limited and he was controlled under Ka'ahumanu, the queen consort of his father Kamehameha I. However, Kamehameha II is disreputably known for the 'Ai Noa, when he broke traditional religious laws, leading to a lengthened period of taboo-breaking, the disbanding of the social class of priest, and the destruction of temples and images. With increased European contact, Christianity and Western influence began to appear during his reign.

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route
The Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route is a Pure Michigan Byway on the Leelanau Peninsula in Leelanau County in the US state of Michigan that follows three different highways:

M-22 around the shoreline of the peninsula between the Benzie–Leelanau county line south of Empire and Traverse City;

M-109 through the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore; and

M-204 between M-22 at Leland and Suttons Bay.

M-109 (Michigan highway)
M-109 is the designation of a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan that runs between Empire and Glen Arbor. The highway is a loop connected to M-22 at both ends that allows tourists access to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore and the Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive located on a section of sandy forest land between Lake Michigan and Glen Lake. The trunkline traverses an area named the "Most Beautiful Place in America" by Good Morning America, the morning show on ABC. The highway was designated by 1929 and fully paved in 1939.
Midwinterblood
Midwinterblood is a young adult novel by Marcus Sedgwick, published by Roaring Brook Press in 2013. The book is composed of seven connected storylines told in reverse-chronological order, with time periods ranging from ancient times to the near future. Inspired by Swedish painter Carl Larsson's controversial painting Midvinterblot, the stories feature themes of love and sacrifice.

Carl Larsson
Carl Olof Larsson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkɑːɭ ˈlɑ̌ːʂɔn] ⓘ; 28 May 1853 – 22 January 1919) was a Swedish painter representative of the Arts and Crafts movement. His many paintings include oils, watercolors, and frescoes. He is principally known for his watercolors of idyllic family life. He considered his finest work to be Midvinterblot (Midwinter Sacrifice), a large painting now displayed inside the Swedish National Museum of Fine Arts.
Alexander Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg
Count Alexander von Stauffenberg (German: Alexander Franz Clemens Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg; 15 March 1905 – 27 January 1964) was a German aristocrat and historian.  His twin brother Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and younger brother Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg were among the leaders of the 20 July Plot against Hitler in 1944.

Stefan George
Stefan Anton George (German: [ˈʃtɛfan ˈʔantoːn ɡeˈ(ʔ)ɔʁɡə]; 12 July 1868 – 4 December 1933) was a German symbolist poet and a translator of Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, Hesiod, and Charles Baudelaire. He is also known for his role as leader of the highly influential literary circle called the George-Kreis and for founding the literary magazine Blätter für die Kunst ("Journal for the Arts").
Aimsun
Aimsun (short for "Advanced Interactive Microscopic Simulator for Urban and Non-Urban Networks") is a software company that provides simulation software and services for transportation planning and traffic management.

Siemens Mobility
Siemens Mobility GmbH is a division of Siemens that specializes in rail transport. With its global headquarters in Munich, Siemens Mobility has four core business units: Mobility Management, dedicated to rail technology and intelligent traffic systems, Railway Electrification, Rolling Stock, and Customer Services.
Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize
The Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize (野口英世アフリカ賞, Noguchi Hideyo Afurika Shō) honors men and women "with outstanding achievements in the fields of medical research and medical services to combat infectious and other diseases in Africa, thus contributing to the health and welfare of the African people and of all humankind."  The prize, officially named "The Prize in Recognition of Outstanding Achievements in the Fields of Medical Research and Medical Services in Africa Awarded in Memory of Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," is managed by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

Japan International Cooperation Agency
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (Japanese: 独立行政法人国際協力機構, romanized: dokuritsu gyōseihōjin kokusai kyōryoku kikō), also known as JICA, is a governmental agency that delivers the bulk of Official Development Assistance (ODA) for the government of Japan. It is chartered with assisting economic and social growth in developing countries and promoting international cooperation. According to the OECD, Japan's total official development assistance (ODA) (US$17.5 billion, grant-equivalent methodology, preliminary data) increased in 2022 due to an increase in its bilateral lending, which included support to Ukraine. ODA represented 0.39% of gross national income (GNI). The OECD's Development Assistance Committee published a peer review of Japan's development cooperation in October 2020. JICA was led by Shinichi Kitaoka, the former President of the International University of Japan, from 2015 to 2022. On 1 April 2022, Professor Akihiko Tanaka assumed the presidency.
If I Want To
If I Want To is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Jasmine Rae. The album was released on 2 August 2013 and peaked at number 23 on the ARIA Charts. Upon release Rae said "I feel the songs on my new album are a reflection of the journey I've been on in the last two years. This album is an honest conversation between the listener and myself." adding "This isn't just the album I wanted to make, it's the only album I could have made. I personally needed to do this."

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2013, the album was nominated for Best Country Album.

2013 ARIA Music Awards
The 27th Annual Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAs) were a series of award ceremonies which included the 2013 ARIA Artisan Awards, ARIA Hall of Fame Awards, ARIA Fine Arts Awards and ARIA Awards. The last ceremony, the ARIA Awards, occurred on 1 December at the Star Event Centre, and was telecast on Nine Network's channel Go! at 7:30pm.

The final nominees for ARIA Award categories were announced on 14 October as well as nominees and winners for Fine Arts Awards and Artisan Awards. Public votes were used for the categories, "Song of the Year", "Best Australian Live Act", "Best International Artist" and "Best Video".

At the 1 December ceremony, ARIA inducted Air Supply into their Hall of Fame, and created a new award category, ARIA Industry Icon, which was awarded to promoter and record label owner, Michael Gudinski.
Safeway Stores (Ireland)
Safeway Stores (Ireland) was a supermarket chain that operated in Northern Ireland between 1996 and 2005. 12 of the 13 stores were acquired by Asda, itself owned by Walmart; whilst the remaining store was sold to Mr John Miskelly and Mrs Helen Miskelly. Despite its name, it did not operate any interests in the Republic of Ireland.

Downpatrick
Downpatrick (from Irish Dún Pádraig, meaning 'Patrick's fort') is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is on the Lecale peninsula, about 21 mi (34 km) south of Belfast. In the Middle Ages, it was the capital of the Dál Fiatach, the main ruling dynasty of Ulaid. Its cathedral is said to be the burial place of Saint Patrick. Today, it is the county town of Down and the joint headquarters of Newry, Mourne and Down District Council.
Downpatrick had a population of 11,545 according to the 2021 Census.
Château de Domecy-sur-le-Vault
47°29′40″N 3°48′26″E﻿ / ﻿47.494559°N 3.807254°E﻿ / 47.494559; 3.807254

The Château de Domecy-sur-le-Vault is a château located in Domecy-sur-le-Vault close to Sermizelles in the Yonne department in Burgundy, north-central France.

Yonne
Yonne (French: [jɔn], in Burgundian: Ghienne) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is located in its northwestern part, bordering Île-de-France. It was created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Its prefecture is Auxerre, with subprefectures in Avallon and Sens. Its INSEE and postcode number is 89.

Yonne is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's fourth-most populous department, with a population of 335,707 (2019). Its largest city is its prefecture Auxerre, with a population of about 35,000 within city limits and 68,000 in the urban area.
Ali Chuk, Arizona
Ali Chuk is a populated place and census designated place in Pima County, Arizona, United States. Its population was 161 as of the 2010 census, and it has a land area of 1.44 sq mi (3.7 km2). It has an estimated elevation of 1,762 feet (537 m) above sea level. It is located adjacent to the border with Mexico. It is not to be confused with another village on the reservation, Ali Chukson.

Tohono Oʼodham Nation
The Tohono Oʼodham Nation is the collective government body of the Tohono Oʼodham tribe in the United States. The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs four separate sections of land with a combined area of 2.8 million acres (11,330 km2), approximately the size of Connecticut and the second-largest Indigenous land holding in the United States. These lands are in the Sonoran Desert of south central Arizona and border the Mexico–United States border for 74 miles (119 km). The Nation is organized into 11 local districts and has a tripartite system of government. Sells is the Nation's largest community and functions as its capital. The Nation has about 34,000 enrolled members, most of whom live off of the reservations.
Central Economic Region
The Central Economic Region is one of twelve economic regions of Russia.

Central Economic Region is located in the central portion of the European part of Russia.  A great number of automobile and railroads intersect on the territory of this region.

This flat, rolling country, with Moscow as its center, forms a major industrial region. Besides Moscow, major cities include Smolensk, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Tula, Dzerzhinsky, and Rybinsk. Trucks, ships, railway rolling stock, machine tools, electronic equipment, cotton and woolen textiles, and chemicals are the principal industrial products. The Volga and Oka Rivers are the major water routes, and the Moscow–Volga and Don–Volga canals link Moscow with the Caspian and Baltic Seas. Many rail lines serve the area.

Moscow Canal
The Moscow Canal (Russian: Кана́л и́мени Москвы́), named the Moskva–Volga Canal until 1947, is a canal in Russia that connects the Moskva (river) with the Volga.  It is located in Moscow itself and in the Moscow Oblast. The canal connects to the Moskva River in Tushino (an area in the north-west of Moscow), from which it runs approximately north to meet the Volga River in the town of Dubna, just upstream of the dam of the Ivankovo Reservoir. The length of the canal is 128.1 kilometres (79.6 mi).

It was constructed between 1932 and 1937 by 200,000 gulag prisoners, under direction of the Soviet secret police and Matvei Berman.
Szilveszter Matuska
Szilveszter Matuska (29 January 1892 – disappeared c. 1945) was a Hungarian mass murderer and mechanical engineer who made two successful and at least two unsuccessful attempts to derail passenger trains in Hungary, Germany and Austria in 1930 and 1931. He was born in Čantavir (now located in Serbia), and was ultimately imprisoned for his crimes but escaped under unclear circumstances; his ultimate fate is unknown.

First Austrian Republic
The First Austrian Republic (German: Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the authoritarian Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted on 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.
Paul R. Lehman
Paul R. Lehman is an American music educator.

As a result of his commitment to both music and education he has devoted his career to promoting music and the other arts as essential disciplines in the elementary and secondary schools of the United States. He served as president of the Music Educators National Conference (now the National Association for Music Education) from 1984 to 1986, which was a particularly challenging period for arts education because of the emphasis on ”back to basics” that resulted from the landmark report, ”A Nation at Risk”, published in 1983 by the National Commission on Excellence in Education. Through his speeches, writings, and other advocacy efforts for more than fifty years he has contributed in important ways to the continuing effort to ensure that the arts remain a part of the education of every child in America.

Traditional education
Traditional education, also known as back-to-basics, conventional education or customary education, is education following long-established customs that society has traditionally used in schools. Some forms of education reform promote the adoption of progressive education practices, and a more holistic approach which focuses on individual students' needs; academics, mental health, and social-emotional learning. In the eyes of reformers, traditional teacher-centered methods focused on rote learning and memorization must be abandoned in favor of student centered and task-based approaches to learning.

Depending on the context, the opposite of traditional education may be progressive education, modern education (the education approaches based on developmental psychology), or alternative education.
Gary Bergman
Gary Gunnar Bergman (October 7, 1938 – December 8, 2000) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. A defenceman, Bergman played in the National Hockey League from 1964 to 1976, mostly for the Detroit Red Wings. He was also a part of Team Canada in the 1972 Summit Series.

1965–66 NHL season
The 1965–66 NHL season was the 49th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams played 70 games each. The Montreal Canadiens won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to two in the final series.
Jennarong Muengtaweepongsa
Jennarong Muengtaweepongsa (Thai: เจนณรงค์ มุ่งทวีพงษา, born 19 March 2000), also known as VanaticalDesign, is a Thai automobile designer known for designs such as the Koenigseggs Utagera and Legera concepts and the Aston Martin DB11 concept, among others.

Muengtaweepongsa has attended the Meet The Masters Seminar Event held by Quattroruote where he has met and been received by designers such as Chris Bangle, Giorgetto Giugiaro, Filippo Perini, and Walter de Silva.

He has also been invited to provide a guest lecture on his design work and related success at Mahidol University International Demonstration School. His Koenigsegg Utagera (Swedish for "terminate") concept was also featured in the 32nd Thai International Motor Expo under the exhibit 'Thai Automotive Designers Meet the Masters'.

Walter de Silva
Walter Maria de Silva (born 27 February 1951) is an Italian car designer and former head of Volkswagen Group Design, until 2015. Since beginning his car design career in 1972 as trainee car designer for Fiat's Style Centre, De Silva has also worked as a designer at I.DE.A Institute, and as head of design for Alfa Romeo, SEAT and the 'Audi brand group'. He is presently President of the Design Studio Walter De Silva Automotive.