hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Net radiometer
A net radiometer is a type of actinometer used to measure net radiation (NR) at the Earth's surface for meteorological applications. The name net radiometer reflects the fact that it measures the difference between downward/incoming and upward/outgoing radiation from Earth. It is most commonly used in the field of ecophysiology.

Ecophysiology
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.  It is closely related to comparative physiology and evolutionary physiology. Ernst Haeckel's coinage bionomy is sometimes employed as a synonym.
Operation Diver
Operation Diver was the British code name for the V-1 flying bomb campaign launched by the German Luftwaffe in 1944 against London and other parts of Britain. Diver was the code name for the V-1, against which the defence consisted of anti-aircraft guns, barrage balloons and fighter aircraft.

The British Double-Cross System used double agents to plant false information about the accuracy of the V-1 bombardment. Anti-aircraft guns proved the most effective form of defence in the later stages of the campaign, with the aid of radar-based technology and the proximity fuse. The V-1 campaign from ground launch sites ended by the middle of 1944 with the Allied occupation of the launch sites.

Office of Public Sector Information
The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of His Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom. The OPSI is part of the National Archives of the United Kingdom and is responsible for Crown copyright.

The OPSI announced on 21 June 2006 that it was merging with the National Archives. The merger took place in October 2006. The OPSI continues to discharge its roles and responsibilities from within the structure of the National Archives.
Fandriana
Fandriana is an urban commune in Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Fandriana, which is a part of Amoron'i Mania Region. It has a population of 29,232 inhabitants (2018).

The town provides access to hospital services to its citizens. It is also a site of industrial-scale  mining.

Farming and raising livestock provides employment for 45% and 35% of the working population. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are cassava and sweet potatoes. Industry and services provide employment for 5% and 15% of the population, respectively.

The town is located at  41 km National Road 41 from Ambositra.

Central Highlands (Madagascar)
The Central Highlands, Central High Plateau, or Hautes-Terres are a mountainous biogeographical region in central Madagascar. They include the contiguous part of the island's interior above 800 m (2,600 ft) elevation. The Central Highlands are separated from the Northern Highlands of the northern tip of Madagascar by a low-lying valley, the Mandritsara Window, which has apparently acted as a barrier to dispersal for species in the highlands, leading to species pairs such as Voalavo gymnocaudus and Voalavo antsahabensis in the Northern and Central Highlands. Species restricted to the Central Highlands include the bats Miniopterus manavi and Miniopterus sororculus; the rodents Brachyuromys betsileoensis and Voalavo antsahabensis; the tenrecs Hemicentetes nigriceps and Oryzorictes tetradactylus; and the lemur Cheirogaleus sibreei. Because of the continuous habitat of the Central Highlands, there is little local endemism, unlike the Northern Highlands.
Absent Lovers: Live in Montreal
Absent Lovers: Live in Montreal is a live album (2-CD set) by the band King Crimson, recorded on July 11, 1984 and released in 1998. It is compiled from the early and late shows performed at the Spectrum in Montreal on the final night of their 1984 Three of a Perfect Pair tour. These were the band's final live performances until October 1994. The two complete shows were released in 2024 as the final release of the King Crimson Collector's Club.

Three of a Perfect Pair
Three of a Perfect Pair is the tenth studio album by English progressive rock band King Crimson, released on 23 March 1984 in the UK by E.G. Records. It is the group's final studio album to feature the quartet of Adrian Belew, Robert Fripp, Tony Levin and Bill Bruford, which broke up later that year, though all four would appear in the sextet lineup featured on THRAK in 1995.
Summer Son
"Summer Son" is a song by Scottish band Texas, released as the second single from their fifth studio album, The Hush (1999). The song was released in Europe on 9 August 1999 and in the United Kingdom on 16 August 1999, peaking at number five on the UK Singles Chart. In mainland Europe, "Summer Son" became one of the band's biggest hits, reaching the top five in Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Switzerland, and Wallonia. It has received gold certifications in Belgium and Germany and a silver certification in the United Kingdom.

A major chart success for the band, it has appeared on three of their compilation albums: The Greatest Hits (2000), Texas 25 (2015) and The Very Best of 1989–2023 (2023).

The Greatest Hits (Texas album)
The Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Scottish rock band Texas, released on 23 October 2000. It was the band's first greatest hits album, featuring songs spanning their career from 1989 to 2000. Three new singles were also included: "In Demand", "Inner Smile" and "Guitar Song".

Two extra bonus tracks appear on the UK edition of the album that do not appear on the international edition. In territories where the group did not chart any major hits, the album was simply renamed Song Book. Four previously released songs ("So in Love with You", "So Called Friend", "Everyday Now" and "Prayer for You") were also re-recorded for this album.

The Greatest Hits peaked at number one in the UK, becoming the band's third album to do so. It has been certified 6× Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for UK sales of 1,974,890 copies. The Greatest Hits was a big seller within the United Kingdom and was the 42nd best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the United Kingdom.
Umespirone
Umespirone (KC-9172) is a drug of the azapirone class which possesses anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. It behaves as a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (Ki = 15 nM), D2 receptor partial agonist (Ki = 23 nM), and α1-adrenoceptor receptor antagonist (Ki = 14 nM), and also has weak affinity for the sigma receptor (Ki = 558 nM). Unlike many other anxiolytics and antipsychotics, umespirone produces minimal sedation, cognitive/memory impairment, catalepsy, and extrapyramidal symptoms.

Sedation
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. Examples of drugs which can be used for sedation include isoflurane, diethyl ether, propofol, etomidate, ketamine, pentobarbital, lorazepam and midazolam.
Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas is a group of three Hoysala-style temples in South India recognized as a World Heritage Site. These temples at Somanathapura, Belur and Halebidu, were built between the 12th and 13th centuries under the Hoysala Empire. The three temples under the title of the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2023, for their outstanding architecture, hyper-realistic sculptures and stone carvings.

The architectural style of the three temples was developed by the early Hoysala rulers – who established their new kingdoms and regimes in South India – as a distinctive and innovative sacred architecture, which distinguishes the temples from contemporary kingdoms and dynasties. These temples are as follows:

Chennakeshava Temple in Belur (built by King Vishnuvardhana).

Hoysaleswara Temple in Halebidu (built by King Vishnuvardhana).

Keshav Temple in Somanathapura (built by Somanatha under King Narasimha III).

Stone carving
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during our prehistory or past time.

Work carried out by paleolithic societies to create stone tools is more often referred to as knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often referred to as lettering. The process of removing stone from the earth is called mining or quarrying.

Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.
Af Forselles
Af Forselles is a surname and a noble family in the Swedish and Finnish nobilities.

Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur af Forselles (1864–1953), Finnish physician and politician

Cecilia af Forselles (born 1954), the National Librarian of Finland

Jenny af Forselles (1869–1938), Finnish teacher and politician

Louise af Forselles (1850–1934), Finnish philanthropist

Sigrid af Forselles (1860–1935), Finnish sculptor

Virginia af Forselles (1759–1847), Finnish ironmaster

Cecilia af Forselles
Maria Cecilia Margit af Forselles (born 1954, Helsinki, Finland) is the Director of the National Library of Finland.

Cecilia af Forselles, Professor and National Librarian, took over the management of the National Library of Finland at the beginning of 2019. One of her first tasks was to lead the preparation of a new ten-year strategy for the Finnish National Library. The new strategy has now been launched and from the beginning of 2021 will direct planning of the development of the National Library until 2030. The strategy underlines the importance of equal and open information services as well as sustainable development. It aims to strengthen the knowledge base in society. It is also a strong statement in favor of widely preserving published cultural heritage with different origins, as well as of promoting open science and publishing, development of digital environments and new data services.
Minami-Kurihashi Station
Minami-Kurihashi Station (南栗橋駅, Minami-kurihashi-eki) is a railway station located in the city of Kuki, Saitama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tōbu Railway. The station is numbered "TN-03".

Tobu Railway
The Tobu Railway Company, Ltd. (東武鉄道株式会社, Tōbu Tetsudō kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese commuter railway and keiretsu holding company in the Greater Tokyo Area as well as an intercity and regional operator in the Kantō region. Excluding the Japan Railways Group companies, Tobu's 463.3 km (287.9 mi) rail system is the second longest in Japan after Kintetsu. It serves large portions of Saitama Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture, as well as northern Tokyo and western Chiba Prefecture. The Tobu Railway Company is listed in the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.

The Tobu corporate group is also engaged in road transportation (bus/taxi), real estate, and retail. It is the owner of the Tokyo Skytree, the third tallest tower in the world. The company is a member of the Fuyo Group keiretsu.

The name "Tobu" is formed from the kanji for east (東) and Musashi (武蔵), the initial area served.
Theosophical Society Adyar
13°00′37″N 80°16′13″E﻿ / ﻿13.01016°N 80.27028°E﻿ / 13.01016; 80.27028

The Theosophical Society was founded by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and others in 1875. The designation 'Adyar' is sometimes added to the name to make it clear that this is the Theosophical Society headquartered there, after the American section and some other lodges separated from it in 1895, under William Quan Judge. In 1882, its headquarters moved with Blavatsky and president Henry Steel Olcott from New York to Adyar, an area of Chennai, India.

The US National Section of this organization is called the Theosophical Society in America, located in Wheaton, Illinois.

Wheaton, Illinois
Wheaton is a city in and the county seat of DuPage County, Illinois, United States. It is located in Milton and Winfield Townships, approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of Chicago. As of the 2020 census, Wheaton's population was 53,970, making it the 27th-most populous municipality in the state.
2020 in reptile paleontology
Paleontology portal

History of science portal

Dinosaurs portal

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2020 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2020.

Besano Formation
The Besano Formation is a geological formation in the southern Alps of northwestern Italy and southern Switzerland. This formation, a thin but fossiliferous succession of dolomite and black shale, is famous for its preservation of Middle Triassic (Anisian–Ladinian) marine life including fish and aquatic reptiles. It is exposed in the Monte San Giorgio and Besano area. It is among the formations responsible for the area being designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Switzerland, it is also known as the Grenzbitumenzone. The Anisian-Ladinian boundary lies in the upper part of the Besano Formation.
Bandwidth compression
In telecommunications, the term bandwidth compression has the following meanings:

The reduction of the bandwidth needed to transmit a given amount of data in a given time.

The reduction of the time needed to transmit a given amount of data in a given bandwidth.

Bandwidth compression implies a reduction in normal bandwidth of an information-carrying signal without reducing the information content of the signal. This can be accomplished with lossless data compression techniques. For more information read the Increasing speeds section in the Modem article. Bandwidth Compression is a core feature of WAN Optimization appliances to improve bandwidth efficiency.

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
Yuliya Ratkevich
Yuliya Ratkevich (Belarusian: Юлія Мікалаеўна Раткевіч; Łacinka: Julija Mikałajeŭna Ratkievič; born 16 July 1985) is a Belarusian-born Azerbaijani female wrestler. She is the 2012 Olympic bronze medalist in women's freestyle 55 kg. Early in her career, she competed for Belarus.

Belarusian Latin alphabet
The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka (from Belarusian: лацінка, BGN/PCGN: latsinka, IPA: [laˈt͡sʲinka]) for the Latin script in general is the Latin script as used to write Belarusian. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish and Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
The Klezmatics
The Klezmatics are an American klezmer music group based in New York City, who have achieved fame singing in several languages, most notably mixing older Yiddish tunes with other types of more contemporary music of differing origins. They have also recorded pieces in Aramaic and Bavarian.

Cimbalom
The cimbalom (/ˈsɪmbələm, -ˌlɒm/; Hungarian: [ˈt͡simbɒlom]; also cimbal or concert cimbalom) is a type of chordophone composed of a large, trapezoidal box on legs with metal strings stretched across its top and a damping pedal underneath. It was designed and created by V. Josef Schunda in 1874 in Budapest, based on his modifications to the existing hammered dulcimer instruments which were already present in Central and Eastern Europe.

Today the instrument is mainly played in Hungary, Slovakia, Moravia, Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine.

The cimbalom is typically played by striking two sticks, often with cotton-wound tips, against the strings which are on the top of the instrument. The steel treble strings are arranged in groups of 4 and are tuned in unison. The bass strings which are over-spun with copper, are arranged in groups of 3 and are also tuned in unison. The Hornbostel–Sachs musical instrument classification system registers the cimbalom with the number 314.122-4,5.
Olga Bianchi
Olga Bianchi Droguett (1924–2015) was an Argentine-born Chilean filmmaker, feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist. As a result of her resistance to Augusto Pinochet, she fled Chile in 1975 and settled with her children in Costa Rica. A convinced pacifist, in the early 1980s she joined Liga Internacional de las Mujeres Pro Paz y Libertad (LIMPAL), the Latin American branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), becoming LIMPAL vice-president in 1986 and 1989. In addition, she served as LIMPAL's permanent representative to the United Nations in Geneva. Bianchi was also a board member of Amnesty International in Costa Rica and a founding member of the human rights organization CODEHU, the Costa Rican representation with the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is a non-profit non-governmental organization working "to bring together women of different political views and philosophical and religious backgrounds determined to study and make known the causes of war and work for a permanent peace" and to unite women worldwide who oppose oppression and exploitation. WILPF has national sections in 37 countries.

The WILPF is headquartered in Geneva and maintains a United Nations office in New York City.
Betlitsa
Betlitsa (Russian: Бетлица) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Kuybyshevsky District, Kaluga Oblast, Russia. Population: 3,959 (2021 Census); 3,589 (2010 Census); 3,868 (2002 Census); 3,911 (1989 Soviet census).

Kaluga Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Russian: Калу́жская о́бласть, romanized: Kaluzhskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904.
Erick Johnson (artist)
Erick Johnson (born 1959) is an American contemporary artist living and working in New York City. His primary media are oil painting, drawing and photography.

Johnson was born in San Francisco and grew up in Los Angeles, CA and New Jersey. He attended the School of Visual Arts and received his B.A. from Empire State College and his M.F.A. from the Milton Avery School of the Arts at Bard College.

Johnson's work has been featured in the New York Times, The Washington Post, Time Out New York, The New York Observer, Artcritical.com, The Brooklyn Rail, and artnet.

The New York Observer
The New York Observer was a weekly newspaper established in 1987. In 2016, it ceased print publication and became the online-only newspaper Observer. The media site focuses on culture, real estate, media, politics and the entertainment and publishing industries.
Joseph H. Woodnorth
Joseph Henry Woodnorth (December 17, 1845 – September 1, 1910) was an American merchant and Democratic politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Shawano, Waupaca, and eastern Marathon counties during the 1891 and 1893 sessions. He also served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and received an honorary brevet to captain.

41st Wisconsin Legislature
The Forty-First Wisconsin Legislature convened in the U.S. state of Wisconsin from January 11, 1893, to April 21, 1893, in regular session.

This was the first legislative session after the redistricting of the Senate and Assembly according to an act of the previous session.

Senators representing even-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first two years of a four-year term. Assembly members were elected to a two-year term. Assembly members and even-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 8, 1892. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were serving the third and fourth year of a four-year term, having been elected in the general election of November 4, 1890.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat George Wilbur Peck, of Milwaukee County, serving his second two-year term, having won re-election in the 1892 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Autovía MA-24
Autovía MA-24 or Autovía de Acceso a Málaga Este is a Spanish highway that connects the Autovía A-7 at Cala del Moral, Málaga, with that same road at a further point. It is managed by the Spanish Government, and it is an important access to the eastern suburbs of Málaga City.

Province of Málaga
The Province of Málaga (Spanish: Provincia de Málaga [ˈmalaɣa]) is located in Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south and by the provinces of Cádiz to the west, Seville to the northwest, Córdoba to the north, and Granada to the east.

The province is subject to extreme water stress in the wake of the proliferation of avocado plantations in the Axarquía region, with the arid local climate being unsuitable to the plant's large water demands.
Pseuduvaria silvestris
Pseuduvaria silvestris is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea. Ludwig Diels, the botanist who first formally described the species under the basionym Orophea silvestris, named it after the forested (silvestris in Latin) habitat the specimens he examined were found growing in near the Waria River.

Waria River
The Waria River is a river in Oro Province and Morobe Province in south-eastern Papua New Guinea.  It flows into the Solomon Sea.  The river is fast-flowing with heavy sediment.  The lower Waria Valley is home to the indigenous Zia people, flowing through the communities of Pema, Popoe and Saigara.  Australian anthropologist Ernest Chinnery discovered the source of the river in the 1910s.
Peter Elias
Peter Elias (November 23, 1923 – December 7, 2001) was a pioneer in the field of information theory. Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, he was a member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty from 1953 to 1991. In 1955, Elias introduced convolutional codes as an alternative to block codes. He also established the binary erasure channel and proposed list decoding of error-correcting codes as an alternative to unique decoding.

Decoding methods
In coding theory, decoding is the process of translating received messages into codewords of a given code. There have been many common methods of mapping messages to codewords. These are often used to recover messages sent over a noisy channel, such as a binary symmetric channel.