hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph O. Carter
Joseph Oliver Carter (December 20, 1835 – February 27, 1909), known professionally as Joseph O. Carter, also known as J. O. Carter and Joe Carter, was a legal advisor to Queen Liliʻuokalani, serving on her Privy Council of State.

He served in the Provisional Government of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and was an opponent to annexation by the United States. Carter was trustee of many large estates in Hawaii and was one of the first directors of the Bishop Museum.

During the reign of King Kalākaua, Carter was Acting Commercial Agent for Japan and served two terms as representative in the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was president of C. Brewer & Co. in Honolulu.

Provisional Government of Hawaii
The Provisional Government of Hawaii (abbr.: P.G.; Hawaiian: Aupuni Kūikawā o Hawaiʻi) was proclaimed after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, by the 13-member Committee of Safety under the leadership of its chairman Henry E. Cooper and former judge Sanford B. Dole as the designated President of Hawaii. It replaced the Kingdom of Hawaii after the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani as a provisional government until the Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894.
Khanozai Khushab
Khanozai Khushab is a village in Pishin District, tehsil Karezat, Pakistan. It is almost 70 kilometres (43 mi) east the capital city of Balochistan, Quetta and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away from the small city of Khanozai.

Karezat
Karezat is a large tehsil of Karezat District. Karezat is in the north east of Pishin, Pakistan. In Karezat, the largest city is Khanozai Bazar.

Karezat is a tehsil and sub-division of the Karezat District of Balochistan Province, Pakistan.

The name Karezat refers to the karezes, underground channels with vertical access shafts, used to transport water from an aquifer under a hill, in the villages of the tehsil. Only Two karezes remains in the village Khushab, and the other is in Village Newkarez Murgha, all are no longer usable, due to drought.

It comprises many large villages which have large populations of the Kakar tribe; residents' livelihoods are based on agriculture.  In early times, farms were irrigated by the karezes, which were the major source of water in the area.
President of Artsakh
The president of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության նախագահ, Russian: Президент Нагорно-Карабахской Республики) is the head of state and head of government of the government-in-exile of the once de facto Republic of Artsakh.

In a constitutional referendum held in 2017, citizens of the republic voted in favor of adopting a presidential system of governance.

Arayik Harutyunyan was elected president in the 2020 Artsakhian general election. He resigned on 1 September 2023. On 9 September 2023, Samvel Shahramanyan was elected president by Artsakh's parliament to replace Harutyunyan.

Following the Azerbaijani offensive on 19 September 2023, Artsakh agreed to dissolve itself by 1 January 2024, however instead of dissolving, they established a government-in-exile in Yerevan, Armenia presided by Samvel Shahramanyan. The prime minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, has since severely opposed the government-in-exile's existence in Armenia.

Prime Minister of Armenia
The prime minister of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության վարչապետ, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan varch’apet) is the head of government and most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "determine the main directions of policy of the Government, manage the activities of the Government and coordinate the work of the members of the Government." Also, according to the constitution, the prime minister heads the Security Council, which prescribes the main directions of the country's defense policy; thus, the prime minister is effectively the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Armenia. Nikol Pashinyan is the current prime minister. He took the office on 8 May 2018 following the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan.
Luxury magazine
A luxury magazine is a printed or online magazine marketed to the ultra-affluent that feature high-value products like sports cars, jewelry, mechanical watches, real estate, yachts, private jets and exotic vacations.

Nationally, magazines such as Robb Report primarily offer advertisements for expensive goods. In many expensive markets, local titles exist to target the affluent.

There are also many online magazines publishers including Modern Luxury and Niche Media.

Luxury goods
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a product or item or service  for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a more significant proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Whereas people consume necessity goods to meet basic survival needs, luxury goods are consumed both for their "intrinsic quality and to signal their wealth and confirm social status." In economics, luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods.
1974 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 1974 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 13th tournament in league history. It was played between March 5 and March 9, 1974. Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites, while the 'final four' games were played at the Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts. By reaching the championship game, both Boston University and Harvard received invitations to participate in the 1974 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

Boston Garden
The Boston Garden was an arena in Boston, Massachusetts. Designed by boxing promoter Tex Rickard, who also built the third iteration of New York's Madison Square Garden, it opened on November 17, 1928, as "Boston Madison Square Garden" (later shortened to just "Boston Garden") and outlived its original namesake by 30 years. It was above North Station, a train station which was originally a hub for the Boston and Maine Railroad and is now a hub for MBTA Commuter Rail and Amtrak trains.

The Garden hosted home games for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as rock concerts, amateur sports, boxing and professional wrestling matches, circuses, and ice shows. It was also used as an exposition hall for political rallies such as the speech by John F. Kennedy in November 1960. Boston Garden was demolished in 1998, three years after the completion of its successor arena, TD Garden.
Piddubne, Donetsk Oblast
Piddubne (Ukrainian: Піддубне; Russian: Поддубное) is a village in Komar rural hromada, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is located 82.42 km (51.21 mi) west from the centre of Donetsk city.

Volnovakha Raion
Volnovakha Raion (Ukrainian: Волноваський район, romanized: Volnovas'kyj rajon) is one of the eight raions (administrative districts) of Donetsk Oblast, in southeastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is in the city of Volnovakha. The raion's population is 139,014 (2022 estimate).
Black Lotus (novel)
Black Lotus is the sixth in a series of historical mystery novels by American writer Laura Joh Rowland, set in late 17th-century Genroku-era Japan featuring the samurai investigator Sano Ichirō. It was published by St. Martins Press in 2001.

Genroku
Genroku (元禄) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") after Jōkyō and before Hōei. The Genroku period spanned the years from September 1688 to March 1704. The reigning emperor was Emperor Higashiyama (東山天皇).

The period was known for its peace and prosperity, as the previous hundred years of peace and seclusion in Japan had created relative economic stability. The arts and architecture flourished. There were unanticipated consequences when the shogunate debased the quality of coins as a strategy for financing the appearance of continuing Genroku affluence. This strategic miscalculation caused abrupt inflation. Then, in an effort to solve the ensuing crisis, the bakufu introduced what were called the Kyōhō Reforms.
Stonihurst
Stonihurst is a historic estate located at Highland Falls in Orange County, New York. It was built about 1845 and is a two-story clapboard structure on a brick foundation with Gothic style details. Also on the property is a two-story board and batten barn, gatehouse, and gazebo.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
Uqi Salli Punta
Uqi Salli Punta (Quechua uqi lead, salli sulfur, also spelled Okhe Salli Punta) is a 4,840-metre-high (15,880 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the Cochabamba Department, on the border of the Chapare Province, Villa Tunari Municipality, and the Quillacollo Province, Quillacollo Municipality.

Quillacollo Province
Quillacollo is a province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia.
It is known for its festival in August where people from all over Bolivia come and pay homage to the Virgin of Urqupiña (Virgen de Urqupiña). Quillacollo is said to be one of the fastest-growing cities in Bolivia.
Spectral graph theory
In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix.

The adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph is a real symmetric matrix and is therefore orthogonally diagonalizable; its eigenvalues are real algebraic integers.

While the adjacency matrix depends on the vertex labeling, its spectrum is a graph invariant, although not a complete one.

Spectral graph theory is also concerned with graph parameters that are defined via multiplicities of eigenvalues of matrices associated to the graph, such as the Colin de Verdière number.

Orthogonal diagonalization
In linear algebra, an orthogonal diagonalization of a normal matrix (e.g. a symmetric matrix) is a diagonalization by means of an orthogonal change of coordinates.

The following is an orthogonal diagonalization algorithm that diagonalizes a quadratic form q(x) on Rn by means of an orthogonal change of coordinates X = PY.

Step 1: Find the symmetric matrix A that represents q and find its characteristic polynomial Δ(t).

Step 2: Find the eigenvalues of A, which are the roots of Δ(t).

Step 3: For each eigenvalue λ of A from step 2, find an orthogonal basis of its eigenspace.

Step 4: Normalize all eigenvectors in step 3, which then form an orthonormal basis of Rn.

Step 5: Let P be the matrix whose columns are the normalized eigenvectors in step 4.

Then X = PY is the required orthogonal change of coordinates, and the diagonal entries of PTA‍P will be the eigenvalues λ1, ..., λn that correspond to the columns of P.

Such decomposition exists by the spectral theorem.
Kenny Bromwich
Kenneath Bromwich (born 22 September 1991) is a former New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who last played as a second-row forward for the Dolphins in the National Rugby League (NRL), and represented New Zealand at international level.

He previously played for the Melbourne Storm and won the 2017 NRL Grand Final and 2020 NRL Grand Finals with them. Bromwich has also played for the New Zealand Māori team.

New Zealand Māori rugby league team
The New Zealand Māori rugby league team is a rugby league representative side made up of New Zealand Māori players.

With some controversy, the team participated in the 2000 World Cup as Aotearoa Māori. The Super League International Board had agreed to give a place in their World Cup to the New Zealand Māori team as they attempted to gain allies during the Super League war. Despite that World Cup not taking place, the Rugby League International Federation repeated the offer for the 2000 World Cup when it replaced the Super League International Board following the end of the dispute.
Nick Kimble
Nick Kimble is an American politician who was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives from the 82nd district in 2024. He entered office in January 2025.

Kimble is a graduate of Loyola University Chicago. He is a Roman Catholic.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Lystek
Lystek International is a Canadian waste treatment technology company founded in 2000 at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada to commercialize treatment technologies for biosolids and other non-hazardous, organic waste materials. Lystek is headquartered in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada and is owned by its management and R.W. Tomlinson Ltd.

Biosolids
Biosolids are solid organic matter recovered from a sewage treatment process and used as fertilizer. In the past, it was common for farmers to use animal manure to improve their soil fertility. In the 1920s, the farming community began also to use sewage sludge from local wastewater treatment plants. Scientific research over many years has confirmed that these biosolids contain similar nutrients to those in animal manures. Biosolids that are used as fertilizer in farming  are usually treated to help to prevent disease-causing pathogens from spreading to the public. Some sewage sludge can not qualify as biosolids due to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals, radionuclides, and heavy metals at levels sufficient to contaminate soil and water when applied to land.
Stephen Wildman
Stephen Wildman (born 1951) is Emeritus Professor of the History of Art at the University of Lancaster and formerly Director of the Ruskin Library and Research Centre.

Wildman was educated at Bedford Modern School, and Queens' College, Cambridge.  He was a Research Fellow and Director of Studies in History of Art at Queens' College, Cambridge (1976–79), Deputy Keeper of Fine Art at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (1980) and also its Curator of Prints and Drawings (1980–96).

He was Chairman of the Birmingham Branch of The Victorian Society between 1987 and 1990. He is also a Companion of the Guild of St George.

Wildman was an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham (1991–94), a visiting fellow at Yale University (1994) and has been a committee member of the Walpole Society since 1999.

Walpole Society
The Walpole Society, named after Horace Walpole, was founded in 1911 to promote the study of the history of British art and artists.

From 1762 on, Walpole had published the first history of art in Britain, based on the manuscript notebooks of George Vertue, the most important source of information concerning British art before the mid-eighteenth century. One of the first goals of the Society was to publish these notebooks in their original form, which included much material that Walpole omitted.

The Society, based in London, publishes an annual volume of studies written by its members and scholars around the world. The field of research includes paintings, drawings, prints, miniatures, sculpture and illuminated manuscripts as well as patronage, collecting and travel. The period covered is the whole of the history of British art, from the Middle Ages to the present.
Seltannasaggart
Seltannasaggart (from Irish Sailtean na Sagart, meaning 'willow plantation of the priests'), also called Corry Mountain, is a low mountain near Lough Allen on the border of County Roscommon and County Leitrim in Ireland; it is the highest point in Roscommon.

County Leitrim
County Leitrim (/ˈliːtrəm/ LEE-trəm; Irish: Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Connacht and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the village of Leitrim. Leitrim County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 35,199 according to the 2022 census.

The county was based on the Gaelic territory of West Breffny (Bréifne) as it existed in the 1580s.
Mefin Davies
David Mefin Davies (born 2 September 1972) is a Welsh former rugby union player who played as a hooker for the Ospreys and the Wales national rugby union team.

He made his international debut on 8 June 2002 at Cape Town, South Africa. He was a member of the Wales team that won the 2005 Six Nations Championship and Grand Slam.

Davies captained Pontypridd RFC and Wales A, he also played for the Celtic Warriors, Gloucester and  Leicester.

In March 2010, he signed for the Ospreys on a two-year deal.

In June 2012, Davies was appointed Head Coach of Swansea RFC.

On 1 July 2014, he joined the backroom coaching staff at Worcester Warriors, primarily focusing on developing the academy's forwards but also assisting with the senior clubs pack.

Worcester Warriors
Worcester Warriors is a professional rugby union club based in Worcester, England. The side most recently played in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union, before being suspended by the RFU in September 2022 due to financial insolvency. Following a period of administration, the club was reformed as a new entity and will play in Champ Rugby from the 2025–26 season.
Arrieta
Arrieta (both in Basque and Spanish) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. Arrieta is part of the comarca of Mungialdea. It had a population of 552 inhabitants as of 2007, and a population of 564 inhabitants as of 2017.

Comarcas of Spain
In Spain, a  comarca (Spanish: [koˈmaɾka] ⓘ) 
is a traditional informal territorial division, comprising several municipalities sharing geographical, economic or cultural traits, typically with not well defined limits. Modernly, they have been formally defined for all the autonomous communities of Spain, as territorial entities intermediate between the municipality and the province, although their status ranges from official and with administrative functions (providing common local government services) in some communities, to unofficial and based on mere preliminary studies in other communities.

In English, a comarca is equivalent to an area, county, district, or zone.
Paratherina wolterecki
Paratherina wolterecki is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae, part of the rainbowfish family Melanotaeniidae. This species is endemic to Lakes Towuti and Mahalona on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It reaches up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in total length. Their environment is pelagic and they live in tropical climates. It has the characteristic of having a mouth pointed upward. The specific name honours the hydrologist and biologist Richard Woltereck (1877-1944), who collected specimens of all four species in the genus Paratherina and who sketched them from life.

Zoological specimen
A zoological specimen is an animal or part of an animal preserved for scientific use.
Various uses are: to verify the identity of a (species), to allow study, increase public knowledge of zoology.
Zoological specimens are extremely diverse. Examples are bird and mammal study skins, mounted specimens, skeletal material, casts, pinned insects, dried material, animals preserved in liquid preservatives, and microscope slides.
Natural history museums are repositories of zoological specimens
Rüdiger Rehm
Rüdiger Rehm (born 22 November 1978) is a German professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Dutch  club Vitesse Arnhem. A midfielder during his playing career, Rehm made over 300 senior appearances in German football, primarily with SSV Reutlingen, Waldhof Mannheim and Wehen Wiesbaden.

SV Waldhof Mannheim
SV Waldhof Mannheim is a multi-sports club, located in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. It is most known for its association football team; however, there are also professional handball and table-tennis sides. The club today has a membership of over 2,400.
Fifteenth Lambeth Conference
The fifteenth Lambeth Conference was an assembly of bishops of the Anglican Communion convened by the archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, between 27 July and 7 August 2022. It was the first Lambeth Conference to be held since 2008.

Jayne Ozanne
Jayne Margaret Ozanne OBE (born 13 November 1968) is a British activist, politician and evangelical Anglican. Having come out publicly as gay in 2015, she campaigns to safeguard LGBTQI people from abuse. Ozanne founded and launched the Ozanne Foundation in 2017 which worked with religious organisations around the world on prejudice and discrimination LGBTQI people. The Foundation closed in September 2025. Ozanne founded and chairs the Ban Conversion Therapy Coalition. From January 1999 to December 2004, she was a member of the Archbishops' Council, the central executive body of the Church of England.
Merz Apothecary
Merz Apothecary, located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood in Chicago, is a historic healthcare store that was opened by pharmacist Peter Merz in 1875. Merz Apothecary focuses on herbal, homeopathic medicines, natural medicine, European products, and bath products.  Some of its most popular products include Nivea cream, Underberg bitters, soap made from brazil nuts, and Oscillococcinum.

Underberg
Underberg is a digestif bitter produced at Rheinberg in Germany by Underberg AG. It is made from aromatic herbs from 43 countries that undergo inspections and are formulated based on a secret recipe of the Underberg family, whose members are personally responsible for the production of the drink. Underberg is one of the most widespread kräuterlikörs on the market. Underberg contains 1.3 percent herbal extract by weight and naturally occurring vitamin B1. The effects are known to subside digestive issues. The drink matures in Slovenian oak barrels for several months to enhance the taste. Underberg is classified under "food and drinks: oils, herbs and spices" in the United States and can be sold without any sort of liquor license.