hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durhama
Durhama or Durhoam is a small village in Baramulla district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is about 20 km from district headquarters Baramulla, 13 km from the apple town Sopore and 50 km from Batmaloo, Srinagar via Putukhah- Wagoora road and 44 km via Tapper-Kreeri road. It is about 100m away from the Tehsil headquarter Wagoora and about 3.5 km from the medical block Kreeri.  It is situated on the left side of the link road which connects Baramulla and Babareshi-Gulmarg. The village has three mosques and 95 households. The population of Durhama is about 698. There is a primary and a middle school in the outskirts of the village. The literacy rate of Durhama is about 67.37% as per 2011 census. A building of the block development office Wagoora is located at the entrance of Durhama. A medical sub centre is also located alongside B.D.O. office.

Baramulla district
Baramulla district (or Varmul, in Kashmiri) is one of the 20 districts in the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in the disputed Kashmir region. Baramulla town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district covered an area of 4,588 km2 (1,771 sq mi) in 2001, but it was reduced to 4,243 km2 (1,638 sq mi) at the time of 2011 census.  In 2016, the district administration said that the area was 4,190 km2 (1,620 sq mi). Muslims constitute about 98% of the population.
2009 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival
The 2009 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival was held between 15 and 20 February 2009 in Poland. The host cities are 5 cities in the Silesian province of Poland, namely Bielsko-Biała, Cieszyn, Szczyrk, Tychy, and Wisła.

Cieszyn
Cieszyn (/ˈtʃɛʃɪn/ CHESH-in, Polish: [ˈt͡ɕɛʂɨn] ⓘ; Czech: Těšín [ˈcɛʃiːn] ⓘ; German: Teschen [ˈteːʃn̩]) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitants (as of December 2021), and lies opposite Český Těšín in the Czech Republic. Both towns belong to the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, and formerly constituted the capital of the Duchy of Cieszyn as a single town.
Marselan
Marselan is a red French wine grape variety that is a cross between Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache. It was first bred in 1961 by Paul Truel near the French town of Marseillan. The vine is grown mostly in the Languedoc wine region with some plantings in the Northern Coast of California. It has also become very popular in China. The grape usually produces a medium body red wine.

Along with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, Marselan is one of the grapes planted in the Sino-French Demonstration Vineyard, a collaboration project between the Chinese and French government intended to generate interest in grape winemaking in China by demonstrating French grapes and winemaking techniques.

California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span 400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.

Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division. UNESCO has included the "California Coast Ranges Biosphere Reserve" in its Man and the Biosphere Programme of World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 1983.
2023–24 Seattle Redhawks men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Seattle Redhawks men's basketball team represented Seattle University in the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by third-year head coach Chris Victor and played their games on campus at the Redhawk Center and off campus at Climate Pledge Arena. They competed as members of the Western Athletic Conference. They finished the season 23–14, 11–9 in WAC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. As the No. 4 seed in the WAC Tournament, they defeated California Baptist in the quarterfinals, before losing to Grand Canyon in the semifinals. They received an invitation to the CBI, where they defeated Delaware State, Evansville, Fairfield, and High Point to win the CBI championship, the program's first postseason tournament championship.

2023–24 Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball team
The 2023–24 Evansville Purple Aces men's basketball team represented the University of Evansville during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Purple Aces, led by second-year head coach David Ragland, played their home games at the Ford Center in Evansville, Indiana as members of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC).
2025 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem
The 2025 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem was a professional women's tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 category of the 2025 WTA Tour. It took place in Rabat, Morocco, between 19 and 24 May 2025.

WTA 250 tournaments
WTA 250 is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021. Earlier these events were classified as WTA International Tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 250. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("Major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 500 for winning a WTA 500 tournament.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 250 tournaments' prize money was approximately $250,000. As of 2025 season, this has risen to $275,094. All tournaments have a 32 player main draw for singles and a 16 team main draw for doubles.
Laslea
Laslea (German: Grosslasseln; Hungarian: Szászszentlászló) is a commune located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Florești, Laslea, Mălâncrav, Nou Săsesc, and Roandola. In Romanian, Florești was known as Felța until 1950.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Turbomeca Arrius
The Turbomeca Arrius is one of a family of turboshaft engines for helicopter use, first produced in 1981. As of 2012, some 2,700 units had been sold. Power ranges between 357 kW (479 shp) and 530 kW (710 shp) for different versions. 
Following Turbomeca tradition, the Arrius was named after a Pyrenean peak (pic d'Arrius), located in the Ossau Valley near Pau.

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
2014–15 First Women's Basketball League of Serbia
The 2014–15 First Women's Basketball League of Serbia is the 9th season of the First Women's Basketball League of Serbia, the highest professional basketball league in Serbia. It is also 71st national championship played by Serbian clubs inclusive of nation's previous incarnations as Yugoslavia and Serbia & Montenegro.

The first half of the season consists of 12 teams and 132-game regular season (22 games for each of the 12 teams).

ŽKK Šumadija Kragujevac
Ženski košarkaški klub Šumadija Kragujevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Женски кошаркашки клуб Шумадија Крагујевац, English: Women's Basketball Club Šumadija Kragujevac) is a Serbian women's basketball team from Kragujevac, Serbia. The club currently plays in Women's Serbian League.
Propylisopropyltryptamine
Propylisopropyltryptamine (PiPT), also known as N-propyl-N-isopropyltryptamine, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family. It reportedly produces hallucinogenic effects that resemble those of other related dialkyl tryptamine derivatives, although PiPT is reportedly relatively weak and short-lasting. It has been sold as a designer drug, first being identified in 2021 in British Columbia, Canada.

Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes.
Uji Station (Keihan)
Uji Station (宇治駅, Uji-eki) is a train station on the Keihan Railway Uji Line in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and it is the terminal station on the Uji Line.

The station building, designed by architect Hiroyuki Wakabayashi, was awarded the Good Design Award in 1996.
In 2000, the station was selected as one of "Best 100 Stations in Kinki Region" by Kinki District Transport Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通省, Kokudo-kōtsū-shō; lit. 'Ministry of Land and Transport'; MLIT) is a ministry of the Japanese government. It is responsible for one-third of all the laws and orders in Japan and is the largest Japanese ministry in terms of employees, as well as the second-largest executive agency of the Japanese government after the Ministry of Defense. The ministry oversees four external agencies including the Japan Coast Guard, the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Japan Tourism Agency.
PFL 9 (2021)
The PFL 9 mixed martial arts event for the 2021 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 27, 2021. This was the third event of the playoffs with the Featherweight and Light Heavyweight divisions competing. This event aired on ESPN2, with the prelims airing on ESPN+.

Featherweight (MMA)
The featherweight division in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes:

The UFC's featherweight division, which groups competitors within 136–145 lb (61.7-65.8 kg)

The Shooto's featherweight division, which limits competitors to 135 lb (61.2 kg)

The ONE Championship's featherweight division, with upper limit at 70.3 kg (155.0 lb)

The Road FC's featherweight division, with upper limit at 145 lb (65.5 kg)
IHF Emerging Nations Championship
The IHF Emerging Nations Championship is a men's handball tournament organized by the International Handball Federation since 2015, directed to play with emerging teams. Its first edition was held in Kosovo from June 20 to 26.

Countries that currently participate are those in the “Four-year plan” of the European Handball Federation and the best ranked countries from other continents that did not qualify for the World Men's Handball Championship.

Of the teams that competed in the Emerging Nations Championship, three would later go on to play in the European Men's Handball Championship: Faroe Islands, Georgia, and Latvia. Two went on to play in the World Men's Handball Championship: Uruguay and United States (the latter on a wildcard).

United States men's national handball team
The United States national handball team is controlled by USA Team Handball. Due to disputes over funding, general lack of fiscal discipline, and accusations of incompetence, on February 14, 2006, the USOC revoked the governing duties of handball from the United States Team Handball Federation but has since selected USA Team Handball as the new United States National Governing Body.
The Chrysalis Years
The Chrysalis Years is a three-disc compilation that includes all five of the Ramones albums on Chrysalis Records (or also the band's final five releases): Brain Drain, Mondo Bizarro, Acid Eaters, ¡Adios Amigos! and Loco Live (some versions include "Animal Boy" from Loco Live). It was released in 2002.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
San Tsuen
San Tsuen (Chinese: 新村; lit. 'New Village') is a village situated in the north eastern New Territories of Hong Kong, to the west of the town of Sha Tau Kok.

The village is inhabited by the Yau (邱, Hakka: khiu33) clan. It is a Hakka-speaking village.

San Tsuen was the village that linguist Henry Henne chose to source his informant Khjew Fuj (邱惠) for the Hakka dialect of Sha Tau Kok. He collected his information between July 1949 and April 1950.

Small House Policy
The Small House Policy (SHP, Chinese: 小型屋宇政策) was introduced in 1972 in Hong Kong. The objective was to improve the then prevailing low standard of housing in the rural areas of the New Territories. The policy allows an indigenous male villager who is 18 years old, and who is descended through the male line from a resident in 1898 of a recognized village in the New Territories, an entitlement to one concessionary grant during his lifetime to build one house.

The policy has generated debates and calls for amendments to be made.
Maradash
Maradash (Arabic: مرداش, also spelled Mirdash)  is a Syrian village located in Shathah Subdistrict in Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Maradesh had a population of 1,899 in the 2004 census. It had a population of 600 in the early 1960s. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Harising Nasaru Rathod
Harisingh N. Rathod (born 4 February 1954) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Yavatmal constituency of Maharashtra and was member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also MLC from Indian National Congress.

Member, National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (2003–2004).

Deputy Accountant (1979–1980)

Divisional Accountant (1980–82)

Accounts Officer (1982–95).

Founder President, All India Banjara Kranti Dal (since 1990).

National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes
The National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (NCDNSNT) is a national commission set under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, to study  various developmental aspects of denotified and nomadic or semi-nomadic tribes in India.

The commission was first was set up on 22 November 2003 and reconstituted on 16 March 2005 as the earlier commission could not make much headway for a number of reasons. Mr. Balkrishna Sidram Renke, Laxmanbhai Kalidas Patni and Laxmi Chand were appointed as the chairperson, Member and Member Secretary of the commission, respectively. The commission assumed its functioning with effect from 6 February 2006.
Stephen Brady
Stephen Christopher Brady AO, CVO (born 11 June 1959) is an Australian former career diplomat. In 1999, he and his partner Peter Stephens became the world's first officially acknowledged same sex ambassadorial couple, when they were presented to Queen Margrethe II of Denmark at the start of Brady's posting as Australian Ambassador to Denmark. From September 2008 to June 2014 he was the Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia. During this time he was also Secretary of the Council of the Order of Australia and Secretary of the Bravery Decorations Council.  In March 2014 his appointment as Ambassador to the French Republic, with concurrent accreditation to the Kingdom of Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania and the Principality of Monaco was announced.

Same-sex relationship
A same-sex relationship, also known as same-gender relationship is a romantic or sexual relationship between people of the same sex or gender.

Some couples in same-sex relationships have children, both biological or non-biological, such as adoptive or foster children, and are parenting them with their partner.

Same-gender or same-sex marriage refers to the institutionalized recognition of such relationships in the form of a marriage; civil unions exist in some countries where same-sex marriage does not.
Secession Makes Post-Modern Music
Secession Makes Post-Modern Music is the first, self-produced demo by Italian band Klimt 1918. It was released in 2000.

This first release features a heavy and layered gothic sound, very atmospheric yet melodic, drawing consistent influence from doom metal and reminiscent of Novembre (whose members are featured on the recording) and mid-period Katatonia.

Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
Roccamandolfi
Roccamandolfi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Campobasso and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Isernia.

Roccamandolfi borders the following municipalities: Cantalupo nel Sannio, Castelpizzuto, Gallo Matese, Letino, Longano, San Gregorio Matese, San Massimo and Santa Maria del Molise.

Province of Isernia
The province of Isernia (Italian: provincia di Isernia) is a province in the Molise region of Italy. The provincial capital is the city Isernia and the president of the province is Alfredo Ricci. The province of Isernia has an area of 1,535.24 square kilometres (592.76 sq mi) and a population of 79,236 inhabitants as of 2024, making it Italy's least populous province. It contains 52 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province, listed at comuni of the province of Isernia.
Disjoining pressure
In surface chemistry, disjoining pressure (symbol Πd) according to an IUPAC definition arises from an attractive interaction between two surfaces. For two flat and parallel surfaces, the value of the disjoining pressure (i.e., the force per unit area) can be calculated as the derivative of the Gibbs energy of interaction per unit area in respect to distance (in the direction normal to that of the interacting surfaces). There is also a related concept of disjoining force, which can be viewed as disjoining pressure times the surface area of the interacting surfaces.

The concept of disjoining pressure was introduced by Derjaguin (1936) as the difference between the pressure in a region of a phase adjacent to a surface confining it, and the pressure in the bulk of this phase.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Irish Board of Ordnance
The Board of Ordnance in the Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1800) performed the equivalent duties of the British Board of Ordnance: supplying arms and munitions, overseeing the Royal Irish Artillery and the Irish Engineers, and maintaining the fortifications in the island.

Following the Acts of Union 1800, the Board was abolished and the duties taken over by the United Kingdom Board of Ordnance. The various officials of the Board were compensated with pensions for their loss of salary and emoluments.

Acts of Union 1800
The Acts of Union 1800 (Irish: Achtanna an Aontais 1800) were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The acts came into force between 31 December 1800 and 1 January 1801, and the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January 1801.

Provisions of the acts remain in force, with amendments and some Articles repealed, in the United Kingdom, but they have been repealed in their entirety in the Republic of Ireland.
Cơm gà rau thơm
In Vietnamese cuisine, cơm gà rau thơm is  a popular chicken and rice dish. This dish is rice cooked in chicken stock and topped with fried then shredded chicken, with mint and other herbs. The texture and flavor of the rice are enhanced by the garnish of fried mint. It is served with herb sauce on the side.

Stock (food)
Stock, sometimes called bone broth, is a savory cooking liquid that forms the basis of many dishes – particularly soups, stews, and sauces. Making stock involves simmering animal bones, meat, seafood, or vegetables in water or wine, often for an extended period. Mirepoix or other aromatics may be added for more flavor.
Golgi cell
In neuroscience, Golgi cells are the most abundant inhibitory interneurons found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. Golgi cells can be found in the granular layer at various layers. The Golgi cell is essential for controlling the activity of the granular layer. They were first identified as inhibitory in 1964.
It was also the first example of an inhibitory feedback network in which the inhibitory interneuron was identified anatomically.
Golgi cells produce a wide lateral inhibition that reaches beyond the afferent synaptic field and inhibit granule cells via feedforward and feedback inhibitory loops. These cells synapse onto the dendrite of granule cells and unipolar brush cells. They receive excitatory input from mossy fibres, also synapsing on granule cells, and parallel fibers, which are long granule cell axons. Thereby this circuitry allows for feed-forward and feed-back inhibition of granule cells.

Feedback
Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled carefully when applied to feedback systems:

Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to analyze the system as a whole. As provided by Webster, feedback in business is the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source.