hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 United States presidential debates
The 2008 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held during the 2008 presidential election.

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a bipartisan organization formed in 1987, organized four debates among the major party candidates, sponsored three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. Only Republican nominee John McCain and Democratic nominee Barack Obama met the criteria for inclusion in the debates, and thus were the only two to appear in the debates sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The CPD-sponsored vice presidential debate took place between their respective vice presidential running mates, Sarah Palin and Joe Biden.

Both McCain and Obama did not agree to additional debates; however, each was interviewed at the Civil Forum on the Presidency, held on August 16, 2008, and at the Service Nation Presidential Forum on September 11, 2008. Both Palin and Biden also did not participate in any additional debates.

Bipartisanship
Bipartisanship is a political situation, sometimes referred to as nonpartisanship and usually in the context of a two-party system (especially those of the United States and some other Western countries), in which opposing political parties find common ground through compromise. In multi-partisan electoral systems or in situations where multiple parties work together, it is called multipartisanship. Partisanship is the antonym, where an individual or political party adheres only to its interests without compromise.
2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool E
Pool E of the 2021 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Group III was one of six pools in the Europe/Africa Group III of the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and bottom teams proceeding to their respective section of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group II.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
National Arms Association of Spain
The National Arms Association of Spain (Spanish: Asociación Nacional del Arma, abbr. ANARMA) is a Spanish non-profit organisation which defends the ownership and recreational use of firearms by law-abiding citizens (and foreign residents) under national legislation. As current legislation is restrictive by nature, most effort is placed on the adaptation of national laws to EU directive, and defending the rights of gun owners by legal means. Since self-defense is not considered as sufficient motive for acquiring a firearm licence (compulsory for all arms and related activities), the principal collectives represented by the association consist of precision and practical shooters, hunters and arms collectors.

Practical shooting
Practical shooting, also known as dynamic shooting or action shooting, is a set of shooting sports in which the competitors try to unite the three principles of precision, power, and speed, by using a firearm of a certain minimum power factor to score as many points as possible during the shortest time (or sometimes within a set maximum time). While scoring systems vary between organizations, each measures the time in which the course is completed, with penalties for inaccurate shooting.

The courses are called "stages", and are shot individually by the shooters. Usually the shooter must move and shoot from several positions, fire under or over obstacles and in other unfamiliar positions. There are no standard exercises or set arrangement of the targets, and the courses are often designed so that the shooter must be inventive, and therefore the solutions of exercises sometimes vary between shooters.
Janie Leatherman
Janie L. Leatherman (born 1959) is an international relations scholar from the United States. She is a Professor of Politics and International Studies at Fairfield University.   Her publications encompass conflict early warning and prevention,   conflict transformation, and peace building, which work is cited in the development of the international principle and doctrine on the Responsibility to Protect. In addition, her scholarship has contributed to the normative understanding of peace building, and the exercise of discipline and punitive power in international affairs, including in the global political economy of sexual violence and armed conflict, and its gendered dimensions.

Fairfield University
Fairfield University is a private Jesuit university in Fairfield, Connecticut. It was founded by the Jesuits in 1942. In the fall of 2024, the university had about 5,400 full-time undergraduate students and 1,500 graduate students, including full-time and part-time students. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its five schools and colleges.
Santon Downham
Santon Downham is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. In 2005 it had a population of 240. The village is located within Thetford Forest on a meander of the River Little Ouse on the Norfolk-Suffolk border. Thetford is 4 miles (6 km) southeast and the nearest railway station is in Brandon 2 miles (3 km) west.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
Provisional Council of the Duchy of Masovia
The Provisional Council of the Duchy of Masovia (Polish: Rada Zastępcza Tymczasowa Księstwa Mazowieckiego) was a government ad interim of Warsaw and the Masovian Voivodeship, liberated in the Warsaw Insurrection during the Kościuszko Uprising. It was headed by Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski, president of Warsaw.

It operated between 19 April and 27 May 1794, when it was subordinated to the Supreme National Council.

The Council comprised four sections, each headed by a counselor:

Diplomatic Section

Police Section

Treasury Section

Military Section

Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Masovian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Mazowieckie) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland, and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1526 to the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to 1795. Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships, it formed the province of Masovia. Its area was divided into ten lands. The seat of the voivode was Warsaw, local sejmiks also convened in Warsaw, at St. Martin's church.
Stephen A. Halsey
Stephen A. Halsey (1798–1875) was an American fur trader who bought much of the lands along the East River of New York, called the "Hallet Cove". It was the area where Halsey established Astoria, which was named for the fur trader John Jacob Astor. Halsey chose this namesake because he wanted to encourage Astor to live there, however, there was no known record that Astor chose to stay. Astor's only contribution to Astoria was $500 donation to a seminary.

Halsey was generally regarded as the "George Washington of Astoria", and provided much to develop the community such as planning city infrastructure and organization, he created public institutions like churches, stores, schools and modern factories, as well as encouraging settlers to move into the community.

East River
The East River is a saltwater tidal estuary or strait in New York City. The waterway, which is not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island, with the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, from Manhattan Island, and from the Bronx on the North American mainland.

Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, the East River was once also known as the Sound River. The tidal strait changes its direction of flow regularly, and is subject to strong fluctuations in its current, which are accentuated by its narrowness and variety of depths. The waterway is navigable for its entire length of 16 miles (26 km), and was historically the center of maritime activities in the city.
Killen (surname)
Killen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Killen (born 1938), American politician

Chris Killen (born 1981), New Zealand football player

Edgar Ray Killen (1925–2018), American criminal

Eric Lyle Killen (1892–1955), Australian pastoralist

Frank Killen (1870–1939), American baseball player

Ged Killen, British politician

James Killen (1925–2007), Australian politician

Lou Killen (1934–2013), English folk singer

M. Evelyn Killen (1871-1951), American temperance advocate

William Dool Killen (1806–1902), Irish Presbyterian minister and church historian

William Wilson Killen (1860–1939), Australian politician

Edgar Ray Killen
Edgar Ray Killen (January 10, 1925 – January 11, 2018) was an American Ku Klux Klan organizer who planned and directed the murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, three civil rights activists participating in the Freedom Summer of 1964. He was found guilty in state court of three counts of manslaughter on June 21, 2005, the forty-first anniversary of the crime, and sentenced to 60 years in prison. He appealed the verdict, but the sentence was upheld on April 12, 2007, by the Supreme Court of Mississippi. He died in prison on January 11, 2018, at age 93.
Raul A. Orgaz
Raúl Andrés Orgaz (Santiago del Estero, 1888 – Córdoba, 1948) was an Argentine lawyer, professor and writer.

Orgaz pursued secondary studies at the Colegio Nacional de Monserrat, and graduated in law from the University of Córdoba in 1913. Subsequently, he traveled to France to study comparative civil law. After his stay in France, he returned to Córdoba where he taught sociology as Martinez Paz chair in the Faculty of Law until 1946. Because of his ideas removed from the position in 1946 during the confrontation between university students and the government.

He was deputy dean of Cordoba University, a member of the Education Council and a member of the High Court of Justice of Cordoba Province.

Colegio Nacional de Monserrat
Colegio Nacional de Monserrat is a public college preparatory high school in Córdoba, Argentina. Patterned after the European gymnasium, the school is the second oldest of its type and one of the most prestigious in Argentina.
Devinagar
Devinagar  is a village development committee in Palpa District in Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3280 people living in 541 individual households.

Lumbini Province
Lumbini Province (Nepali: लुम्बिनी प्रदेश, romanized: Lumbinī pradēśa, IPA: [lumbiniː]) is a province in western Nepal. The country's third largest province in terms of area as well as population, Lumbini is home to the World Heritage Site of Lumbini, where according to Buddhist tradition Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born.

Lumbini borders Gandaki Province and Karnali Province to the north, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Uttar Pradesh and Bihar of India to the south. Lumbini's capital, Deukhuri, is near the geographic center of the province. The major cities in the province are Butwal and Siddharthanagar in Rupandehi district, Nepalgunj in Banke district, Tansen in Palpa district, and Ghorahi and Tulsipur in Dang district.
Jack Butler (artist)
Jack Butler (April 23, 1937 – 30 December 2024) was an American-Canadian visual artist. His work is in public and private collections including the National Gallery of Canada. He was a founding member of Sanavik Inuit Cooperative, Baker Lake, Nunavut. He was a medical model builder and published researcher in human development. He taught at Carnegie Mellon University, at the Banff Centre, the University of Manitoba, and in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Western Ontario. Butler died on December 30, 2024, at the age of 87.

Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity
Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity (formerly Banff Centre) is an arts and culture educational institution in Banff, Alberta.

It offers arts programs in the performing and fine arts, as well as leadership training. It was established in 1933 as the Banff School of Drama. It was granted full autonomy as a non-degree granting post-secondary educational institution in 1978. Banff Centre is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network.

On June 23, 2016, Banff Centre announced a new name: Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity.
Jimmy Provencher
Jimmy Provencher (born March 22, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger.

Provencher was drafted 247th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft but never played in the NHL. He instead spent the majority of his career in Europe, mainly in France for Lions de Lyon, Drakkars de Caen, Scorpions de Mulhouse, Dragons de Rouen and Albatros de Brest. He also played in the SM-liiga for Lukko and the Austrian Hockey League for EC Kapfenberg.

1993 NHL entry draft
The 1993 NHL entry draft was the 31st NHL entry draft. It took place on June 26, 1993, at the Colisée de Québec in Quebec City, Quebec.

First overall pick Alexandre Daigle is widely regarded today as one of the all-time greatest draft busts in NHL history. Regarding his draft position, Daigle uttered the now infamous comment, "I'm glad I got drafted first, because no one remembers number two". Chris Pronger, selected after Daigle with pick two by the Hartford Whalers, was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015.

The last active player in the NHL from the 1993 NHL entry draft was Kimmo Timonen, who retired after the 2014–15 season.
Camp Merritt, California
Camp Merritt, California was a U.S. military camp used for the quartering and preparation of American troops destined for the Philippines during the Spanish–American War.  Formerly a racetrack, it was named for General Wesley Merritt, the commanding general of the U.S. Voluntary Army forces and the Eighth Army Corps. The camp was located in San Francisco, California in an area approximately bounded by what is now Point Lobos Avenue (Geary), Fulton Street, First (Arguello) Avenue and Sixth Avenue.

United States Volunteers
United States Volunteers (also called U.S. Volunteers, U.S. Volunteer Army, among other variations) were military volunteers called upon during wartime to help the United States Army. They were separate from the Regular Army and the militia.

Until the Militia Act of 1903, the land forces of the United States were divided into three organizations:

The Regular Army, which was the permanent military establishment of the United States in peace and war.

The militia of states and territories, when called into the service of the United States.

Volunteer forces that the Congress of the United States authorized to be organized for a limited time period as an adjunct to the Regular Army in time of emergencies.
Naluguroadlu
Naluguroadlu is a village in Gangavaram mandal, located in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It comes under Gandrajupalle Panchayath and forms a part of the Rayalaseema region.

It is located 64 kilometres (40 mi) west of the district headquarters at Chittoor, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Gangavaram and 544 kilometres (338 mi) from the state capital at Hyderabad.

Rayalaseema
Rayalaseema (IAST: Rāyalasīma) (Telugu: రాయలసీమ) is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises four southern districts of the State, from prior to the districts reorganisation in 2022, namely Kurnool, Anantapur, Kadapa, and Chittoor. Four new districts were created from these, namely Sri Sathya Sai, Nandyal, Annamayya, and Tirupati. As of 2011 census of India, the western four districts (before the district realignment) of the region had a population of 15,184,908 and cover an area of 77,424 km2 (29,894 mi2).
CPhos
CPhos is a phosphine ligand derived from biphenyl.  It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents.

Its palladium complexes exhibit high activity for Negishi coupling reactions involving aryl bromides, chlorides and triflates. CPhos mediated reactions performed with secondary (sp3) alkylzinc halides often give excellent yields, with low conversion to the frequently encountered primary substituted by-products.

Β-Hydride elimination
β-Hydride elimination is a reaction in which a metal-alkyl centre is converted into the corresponding metal-hydride-alkene. β-Hydride elimination can also occur for many alkoxide complexes as well. The main requirements are that the alkyl group possess a C-H bond β to the metal and that the metal be coordinatively unsaturated. Thus, metal-butyl complexes are susceptible to this reaction whereas metal-methyl complexes are not. The complex must have an empty (or vacant) site cis to the alkyl group for this reaction to occur.  β-Hydride elimination, which can be desirable or undesirable, affects the behavior of many organometallic complexes.

Moreover, for facile cleavage of the C–H bond, a d electron pair is needed for donation into the σ* orbital of the C–H bond.  Thus, d0 metals alkyls are generally more stable to β-hydride elimination than d2 and higher metal alkyls and may form isolable agostic complexes, even if an empty coordination site is available.
Isomura
Isomura (written: 磯村) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hayato Isomura (磯村 勇斗, born 1992), Japanese actor

Itsumichi Isomura (磯村 一路, born 1950), Japanese film director

Ryota Isomura (磯村 亮太, born 1991), Japanese footballer

Takafumi Isomura (磯村 隆文, 1930–2007), Japanese politician

Tomomi Isomura (磯村 知美), Japanese voice actress

Yoshiyuki Isomura (born 1955), Japanese golfer

Tomomi Isomura
Tomomi Isomura (磯村 知美, Isomura Tomomi; born May 6), also known by the nickname "Isotchi" (イソッチ), is a Japanese voice actress. Her prominent roles include Shōko Kirishima in Baka and Test, Aria Rozenburg in Hiiro no Kakera and Makoto Nanaya in BlazBlue. She was associated with Deux Plus. She joined Max Mix in March 2010.
Torrumbarry
Torrumbarry /təˈrʌmbəri/ is a town in northern Victoria, Australia. The town is in the Shire of Campaspe local government area and on the Murray Valley Highway, 241 kilometres (150 mi) north of the state capital, Melbourne. At the 2016 census, Torrumbarry had a population of 279. The town was once large but shrank over time. The town still houses a hotel, a hall, a general store and a post office.

Shire of Campaspe
The Shire of Campaspe is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the northern part of the state. It covers an area of 4,519 square kilometres (1,745 sq mi) and in August 2021 had a population of 38,735. It includes the towns of Girgarre, Echuca, Kyabram, Rochester, Tongala and Rushworth.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Campaspe Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Echuca, it also has service centres located in Kyabram, Rochester, Rushworth and Tongala. The Shire is named after the Campaspe River, a major geographical feature that meanders through the LGA.
Oskar Kolk
Oskar Magnus David Kolk (born 9 January 1997) is an English first-class cricketer.

Kolk was born at Guildford in January 1997. He was educated at Reed's School, before going up to Cardiff University. While studying at Cardiff, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cardiff MCCU against Somerset and Sussex in 2019. He scored 42 runs in his two matches, with a high score of 33. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Kolk also played minor counties cricket for Wales Minor Counties in 2018–19.

In December 2020, he was selected to play for the Eagles in the 2020–21 Logan Cup in Zimbabwe.

Wales National County Cricket Club
Wales National County Cricket Club is one of the 20 county clubs that compete in the National Counties Cricket Championship. It represents all of the historic counties of Wales except Glamorgan, and is the only non-English team in the competition.

The team is currently a member of the National Counties Cricket Championship Western Division, having joined in 1988 (under the name Wales Minor Counties) after Somerset's second eleven left the competition, and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Wales National County played List A matches occasionally from 1993 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Down–Dublin Gaelic football rivalry
The Down-Dublin rivalry is a Gaelic football rivalry between Irish county teams Down and Dublin, who first played each other in 1963. The fixture has been an infrequent one in the history of the championship, and therefore the rivalry is not as intense between the two teams. Down's home ground is the Páirc Esler and Dublin's home ground is Parnell Park, however, all of their championship meetings have been held at neutral venues, usually Croke Park.

While Dublin have the highest number of Leinster titles and Down are in fifth position on the roll of honour in Ulster, they have also enjoyed success in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, having won 30 championship titles between them to date.

Páirc Esler
Páirc Esler (/ˌpɑːrk ˈɛslər/ park ESS-lər, Irish: [ˌpˠaːɾʲc ˈɛsˠlˠəɾˠ]; also Irish: Páirc an Iúir [ˈpˠaːɾʲc ənʲ ˈuːɾʲ]) is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) stadium in Newry, Northern Ireland.

While the home ground of Down GAA, most of the ground lies within County Armagh. It is the home of the Down Gaelic football and hurling teams and the Newry Shamrocks GAA club. The ground has a capacity of about 20,000.
Cedar Creek (North Dakota)
Cedar Creek (also called the Cedar River) is a tributary of the Cannonball River in southwestern North Dakota in the United States.

It rises near White Butte, south of Amidon in the badlands of Slope County. It flows ESE, north of Whetstone Butte, then east, north of the Cedar River National Grassland, forming the northern border of Sioux County and the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. It joins the Cannonball approximately 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Shields.

Shields, North Dakota
Shields is an unincorporated community in Grant County, North Dakota, United States. Founded by Nathaniel J. Shields and his wife Mary and their four children in 1896. Shields' population peaked in 1920 with 250 people. Its elevation is 1,808 feet (551 m) above sea level. It has a post office with the ZIP code 58569.
Ballyhooly
Ballyhooly (Irish: Baile Átha hÚlla, meaning 'town of the ford of the apples') is a small village and civil parish in north County Cork, Ireland. It is situated along the N72 between Castletownroche and Fermoy. Ballyhooly is home to two pubs, a church, a community centre and a petrol station with a shop. During the Celtic tiger, several housing estates were attached to the village. Ballyhooly is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.

N72 road (Ireland)
The N72 road is a national secondary road in Ireland that runs east-west from its junction with the N25 near Dungarvan in County Waterford  to the N70 in Killorglin in County Kerry.

The road passes through Lismore – Fermoy (M8) – Mallow (N20) – Rathmore – Killarney (N22) – Killorglin.

The N72 is 165.923 km long.