hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Overflow downdraw method
The overflow downdraw method or fusion method is a technique for producing flat glass. A sheet of glass is formed when molten glass overflows from a supply trough, flows down both sides, and rejoins (fuses) at the tapered bottom, where it is drawn away in sheet form.

The key advantage of this technique as compared to the float glass process is that the pristine surfaces are not touched by molten tin. The technique is used for the production of very thin flat panel display glass by the companies Asahi Glass Co., Corning,  Nippon Electric Glass,
Samsung Corning Precision Materials, 
and various other companies operating in the field of display glass and other types of thin glass.

The fusion method was originally conceived by Corning in the 1960s as a method for manufacturing automotive windshields. Shelved for years, the technology was reintroduced to supply the flat screen display market.

AGC Inc.
AGC Inc. (AGC株式会社, AGC kabushiki gaisha), formerly Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.'(旭硝子株式会社), is a Japanese global glass manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. It is the largest glass company in the world and one of the core Mitsubishi companies.

The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX and Nikkei 225 stock indices.

Asahi Glass was named one of Thomson Reuters Top 100 Global Innovators in 2013.

On July 1, 2018, it was renamed to AGC Inc.
Soběsuky
Soběsuky is a municipality and village in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Soběsuky lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Kroměříž, 23 km (14 mi) west of Zlín, and 232 km (144 mi) south-east of Prague.

Kroměříž
Kroměříž (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkromɲɛr̝iːʃ] ⓘ; German: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for Kroměříž Castle with its castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.
Earth from the Air
Earth from the Air is a popular collection of environmental photographs taken from the air by Yann Arthus-Bertrand. They have been published in a number of books together with text describing environmental concerns related to the photographs.

Large format versions of many of the photographs have also been exhibited in various cities. In London they were on display outside the Natural History Museum; and were subsequently exhibited outside City Hall for most of 2005, together with a giant world map on the ground showing where each photograph was taken.

Yann Arthus-Bertrand
Yann Arthus-Bertrand (French pronunciation: [jan aʁtys bɛʁtʁɑ̃]; born 13 March 1946) is a French environmentalist, activist, journalist and photographer. He has also directed films about the impact of humans on the planet. He is especially well known for his book Earth from Above (1999) and his films Home (2009) and Human (2015). It is because of this commitment that Yann Arthus-Bertrand was designated Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme on Earth Day (22 April 2009).
Aviation in Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda maintains a significant aviation industry. In December 2024, there were two main commercial airports, V. C. Bird International Airport and Burton–Nibbs International Airport. The civil aviation industry is largely controlled by the central government, owning the largest airline, Liat Air. However, the domestic flight industry was until recently dominated by small airlines like BMN Air. Antigua and Barbuda also has a significant military aviation sector, being one of the only countries in the Caribbean to maintain an air force.

Liat Air
Liat Air (/liːæt/; Antiguan and Barbudan Creole pronunciation [liːäːt]) is an airline of Antigua and Barbuda. The company was preceded by LIAT (1974), and commenced operations on 6 August 2024. Liat Air is a 30/70 venture between the Government of Antigua and Barbuda and Air Peace Caribbean Ltd, and its fleet has been inherited from LIAT (1974) and the latter.
Verba (band)
Verba is a Polish band from Piła formed in 1997. It originated from the pop music group Squad Centralny. At first Bartek and Ignacy represented different music styles such as (techno, house, elektro and jungle). Later they became fascinated with hip-hop, at which point they began composing hip-hop music with Rap elements. Bartek took care of composing the songs, while at first Ignacy wrote the lyrics. Later, both of them attended to the lyrics. rap became a prevailing characteristic of their compositions and hip-hop took second stage.

The band influenced other Polish rap artists with similar styles like Ascetoholix, Jeden Osiem L, Mezo, Owal and 52 Dębiec some years ago. The first major label album 'Ósmy marca' (they also have three demo CDs 'at account') increased the popularity of the band. Until now the duo has released six albums (four studio albums and two compilations) as well as nine video clips. They have also won a lot of awards.

Piła
Piła (Polish: [ˈpiwa] ⓘ; German: Schneidemühl) is a city in northwestern Poland and the capital of Piła County, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Its population as of 2021 was 71,846, making it the third-largest city in the voivodeship after Poznań and Kalisz and the largest city in the northern part of Greater Poland.

Founded in the 14th century, Piła was a royal city of Poland, whose prosperity came from crafts and trade. The city is located on the Gwda river and is famous for its green areas, parks and dense forests nearby. It is an important road and railway hub, located at the intersection of two main lines: Poznań–Szczecin and Bydgoszcz–Krzyż Wielkopolski. Piła is the center of light industry, culture and education in northern Greater Poland, and is particularly known for motorcycle speedway racing.
Island Trio
Island Trio  (Korean: 섬총사; RR: Seomchongsa) is a South Korean travel-reality show broadcast on O'live and cable TV, tvN. A comedian, an actress and a singer combined into a trio visiting different islands and stay with local islanders to experience the lifestyle as islanders. This show premiered on May 22, 2017, at 9.30pm KST and airs every Monday, which later on changed the time-slot to 10:50pm KST.

In Season 2 of the show, with Kang Ho-dong to remain while Lee Soo-geun and Lee Yeon-hee join the cast lineup, replacing Kim Hee-sun and Jung Yong-hwa. It premiered on 25 June 2018 at 11pm KST.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Governors of provinces of Cuba
Per the 2019 Constitution of Cuba, each province of Cuba is composed by a governor and a provincial council. Governors are proposed by the president of Cuba and elected by the delegates of the Municipal Assembly of People's Power, for a term of five years. They are the highest executive power in each province. In order to serve as governor, they must have sole citizenship of Cuba, at least 30 years old, reside in the province which they are representing, and have "full enjoyment of their civil and political rights."

After being elected, governors and vice-governors have to take office in under 21 days.

Provinces of Cuba
Administratively, Cuba is divided into 15 provinces and one special municipality (the Isla de la Juventud). The current structure has been in place since August 2010, when the then-La Habana Province was divided into Artemisa Province and Mayabeque Province.
Kaczorów, Łódź Voivodeship
Kaczorów [kaˈt͡ʂɔruf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Skierniewice and 55 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice
Skierniewice (Polish pronunciation: [skʲɛrɲɛˈvʲit͡sɛ]) is a city in central Poland with 45,184 inhabitants (2023), situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Skierniewice County. Through the town runs the small river Łupia, also called Skierniewka.

Located in the historic region of Masovia, Skierniewice dates back to the medieval period. It prospered as a local trade center with annual fairs and engaged in domestic and international trade. In the 17th and 18th centuries it hosted the residence of the Primates of Poland, and was home of leading Polish Enlightenment poet Ignacy Krasicki. Skierniewice is known as the "Polish Capital of Horticultural Sciences" with local tradition of horticultural studies dating back to 1922. It hosts the annual Skierniewice Festival of Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables.

It is a railway junction, located on the main railway line almost exactly halfway between the two largest cities of central Poland, Łódź and Warsaw.
Vatneleiren
Vatneleiren is a military base located in the municipality of Sandnes in Rogaland county, Norway. It was constructed just east of the Hanafjellet mountain just outside the city of Sandnes by the German Army  during the German occupation of Norway in World War II, and has been used by the Norwegian Army since 1945. After the Cold War ended the number of soldiers stationed there gradually decreased, and the base is now mainly used by the Norwegian Home Guard.  The Agder og Rogaland Heimevernsdistrikt 08 (Agder and Rogaland Home District 08) is based here, covering the two southernmost counties of Rogaland and Agder. The United Nations  Logistics Officers Centre maintains a training centre in Vatneleiren, offering a logistics course.

Military base
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations. A military base always provides accommodations for one or more units, but it may also be used as a command center, training ground or proving ground. In most cases, military bases rely on outside help to operate. However, certain complex bases are able to endure on their own for long periods because they are able to provide food, drinking water, and other necessities for their inhabitants while under siege. Bases for military aviation are called air bases. Bases for military ships are called naval bases.
Jens Kraft
Jens Kraft (2 October 1720 – 18 March 1765) was a Dano-Norwegian mathematician and philosopher. He was born in Frederikshald in Norway, but at age 5 he became an orphan and was subsequently raised by his uncle in Thy in Jutland. As a philosopher he introduced the study of ontology to Scandinavian academic circles.

He was influenced by Christian Wolff whilst still a student at Copenhagen, attending a lecture by Wolff while visiting Halle. He was appointed professor of philosophy at the Sorø Academy, where he responded to Baumgarten's Metaphsica with his own text metaphysik. Both divided their work into cosmologie, ontologie, psykologie and naturlig theologie.

Kraft made a distinction between time and eternity writing that "the finite can never obtain eternity, but it can obtain an infinite time, (Aevum) or a time with beginning but without end." The infinite by contrast has permanence (sempiternité)".

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Vitali–Carathéodory theorem
In mathematics, the Vitali–Carathéodory theorem is a result in real analysis that shows that, under the conditions stated below, integrable functions can be approximated in L1 from above and below by lower- and upper-semicontinuous functions, respectively. It is named after Giuseppe Vitali and Constantin Carathéodory.

Constantin Carathéodory
Constantin Carathéodory (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή, romanized: Konstantinos Karatheodori; 13 September 1873 – 2 February 1950) was a Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany. He made significant contributions to real and complex analysis, the calculus of variations, and measure theory. He also created an axiomatic formulation of thermodynamics. Carathéodory is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his era and the most renowned Greek mathematician since antiquity.
VisBug
VisBug is a Google open-source chromium extension toolbar. It was released in 2018 and was marketed as FireBug for frontend web design. It has tools for changing web page layouts and helps for doing small CSS edits.

Web development tools
Web development tools (often abbreviated to dev tools) allow web developers to test, modify and debug their websites. They are different from website builders and integrated development environments (IDEs) in that they do not assist in the direct creation of a webpage, rather they are tools used for testing the user interface of a website or web application.

Web development tools come as browser add-ons or built-in features in modern web browsers. Browsers such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and Opera have built-in tools to help web developers, and many additional add-ons can be found in their respective plugin download centers.

Web development tools allow developers to work with a variety of web technologies, including HTML, CSS, the DOM, JavaScript, and other components that are handled by the web browser.
DeVaughn Nixon
DeVaughn Walter Nixon (born July 8, 1983) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in The Bodyguard, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, and Sugar Hill, and television series such as Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty, Mackenzie Falls, and Marvel's Runaways.

Sugar Hill (1994 film)
Sugar Hill is a 1994 American crime drama film directed by Leon Ichaso and written by Barry Michael Cooper. It stars Wesley Snipes and Michael Wright as brothers Roemello and Raynathan Skuggs. Considered the second film of Cooper's "Harlem Trilogy" (after New Jack City and before Above the Rim, released a month prior), it focuses on the two brothers who are major drug dealers in the New York City neighborhood of Harlem, specifically the namesake Sugar Hill.
Thought of Norea
The Thought of Norea is a Sethian Gnostic text. It is the second of three treatises in Codex IX of the Nag Hammadi library texts, taking up pages 27–29 of the codex's 74 pages. The text consists of only 52 lines, making it one of the shortest treatises in the entire library. The work is untitled; editor Birger A. Pearson created the title from the phrase "the thought of Norea" (Sahidic Coptic: ⲦⲚⲞⲎⲤⲒⲤ Ⲛ̅ⲚⲞⲢⲈⲀ) that appears in the final sentence of the text. The text expands Norea's plea for deliverance from the archons in Hypostasis of the Archons. It is divided into four parts: an invocation, Norea's cry and deliverance, her activity in the Pleroma, and salvation.

Birger A. Pearson
Birger A. Pearson (September 17, 1934 – April 16, 2025) was an American scholar and professor studying early Christianity and Gnosticism.  He held the positions of Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Professor and Interim Director of the Religious Studies Program at the University of California, Berkeley.
Harramiz
Harramiz Quieta Ferreira Soares (born 3 August 1990), known simply as Harramiz, is a Santoméan professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Liga 3 club 1º Dezembro.

He spent most of his career in Portugal's second tier, playing over 200 games across ten clubs. He also appeared in two Primeira Liga matches for Tondela in 2018.

S.U. 1º Dezembro
Sociedade União 1º Dezembro is a sports club from Sintra, Portugal. The football section of the club was founded on 6 April 1938, and the women's football section in 1995. The men's football team plays in the Liga 3. The women's football team played in the national top league, the Campeonato Nacional and dominated till the 2010s. After the first championship title in 1999–2000, the team won every season from the 2001–02 season onwards for eleven championships in a row. With their twelfth title in 2012 they are Portugal's record champion. At the end of 2013–2014, the women's football team ended due to economic issues.

In the UEFA Women's Cup they did not go past the 1st qualification round. In the 2009–10 and 2010–11 Women's Champions League they competed in the qualifying round.
Bible translations into Ainu
The first biblical text in Ainu language appeared in 1887, when a tentative edition of 250 copies of Matthew 1-9, translated from the Greek with the aid of the Revised Version, by John Batchelor, assisted by a local Ainu, was published. Matthew and Jonah, by the same translator, were issued in 1889, the proofs being read by Mr. George Braithwaite, the agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society in Japan. In 1891 Mr. Batchelor returned to England and published the remaining Gospels. In 1893 a tentative edition of 300 each of Galatians, Ephesians, and Philippians, by the same translator, was prepared, which was published at Yokohama by a joint committee of the three Bible Societies (British and Foreign, American, and National of Scotland) in 1894. The Psalms and revised Gospels were issued in 1895. In 1897 a revised New Testament, by the same translator, with Ainu aid, was published at Yokohama by the joint committee.

John Batchelor (missionary)
John Batchelor OBE (20 March 1855 – 2 April 1944) was an English archdeacon and missionary to the Ainu people of Japan until 1941. First sent under the auspices of the Church Missionary Society of the Church of England, Batchelor lived from 1877 to 1941 among the indigenous Ainu communities in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. He was a charismatic and iconoclastic missionary for the Anglican Church in Japan and published highly regarded work on the language and culture of the Ainu people. Batchelor only reluctantly left Japan at the outbreak of the Second World War in the Pacific in 1941.
1998 Dubai World Cup
The 1998 Dubai World Cup was a horse race held at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse on Saturday 28 March 1998. It was the 3rd running of the Dubai World Cup.

The winner was Beverly & Robert B. Lewis's Silver Charm, a four-year-old gray colt trained in the United States by Bob Baffert and ridden by Gary Stevens. Silver Charm's victory was the first in the race for his owner, trainer and jockey.

Silver Charm was named American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse for 1997 when he won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes. Before being shipped to Dubai he won San Fernando Stakes in January and the Strub Stakes in February. In the 1998 Dubai World Cup Silver Charm took the lead approaching the final quarter mile and held off the late challenge of the Godolphin runner Swain by a short head with the French challenger Loup Sauvage two and a half lengths back in third place.

Silver Charm
Silver Charm (foaled February 22, 1994) is a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1997 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes and 1998 Dubai World Cup (of all of which he is the oldest surviving winner). He stood at stud in the United States and Japan, and is now retired at Old Friends Farm in Kentucky.

Upon the death of Hansel, Silver Charm became the oldest living winner of the Preakness Stakes; upon the death of Grindstone, he also became the oldest living winner of the Kentucky Derby; the last surviving Derby winner born in the 20th century; and, upon the 2022 death of 1996 Belmont Stakes winner Editor's Note, Silver Charm became the oldest living winner of an American Triple Crown race.
Woodville, Penang
Woodville is a mansion in George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Built in 1925, the building is situated at Northam Road within the city's Central Business District. It was originally the residence of Chinese tycoon Lim Lean Teng. The building is distinguishable from other mansions along the road due to the addition of a dome with a cupola, hastily designed by British architect Joseph Charles Miller.

George Town Central Business District, Penang
The George Town Central Business District (CBD) is the financial and political centre of the city of George Town, the capital of the Malaysian state of Penang. The financial district, which was first envisioned by the Penang Island City Council's Local Plan 2030, lies entirely within the city centre, and is home to much of the city's banking and financial services. The term CBD is often used interchangeably with Downtown George Town, encompassing both the historic core and modern sections of the city centre.
Agnus Dei Community
The Agnus Dei Community (German: "Gemeinschaft Lamm Gottes" or "Community of the Lamb of God") is a Catholic sect that is not recognized by ecclesiastic authorities. The group is based at the old Frauenberg Monastery (Burg Frauenberg) near Bodman-Ludwigshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, which is provided free of charge by the property's owner. The community was established in 1980.

Sect
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organization to follow a distinct set of beliefs and practices. Sects often form when there is a perception of heresy either within the subgroup or from the larger group.

In an Indian context, sect refers to an organized tradition.
MTV Romania Music Awards
The MTV Romania Music Awards (Romanian: Premiile Muzicale MTV România) have been held since 2002 celebrating Romanian music. Recipients of the awards have been Eurovision contestants and some have gone on to represent Romania in the competition. The awards were usually held in June. Since 2008 the show was cancelled. Starting then, it was replaced by the Romanian Music Awards, organized by Music Channel Romania.

Cleopatra Stratan
Cleopatra Stratan (born October 6, 2002) is a Moldovan singer, the youngest person ever to score commercial success, with her 2006 album La vârsta de trei ani ("At the age of 3"). She holds the record for the highest paid young artist, the youngest artist to receive an MTV award and the youngest artist to score a No.1 hit in a country ("Ghiță" on the  Romanian Singles Chart). As of late 2011, Cleopatra and her family have relocated and are living in Pipera. On her 18th birthday, Cleopatra announced her engagement to 24 year old soloist, Edward Sanda.