hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sweeter than the Flowers
"Sweeter than the Flowers" is a country music song co-written by Ervin T. Rouse, Morry Burns, and Syd Nathan. It was sung by Moon Mullican and released on the King label. In May 1948, it reached No. 3 on the Billboard folk best seller and juke box charts. It was also ranked as the No. 9 record on Billboard's 1948 year-end folk record sellers chart.

Another version by Shorty Long and the Santa Fe Rangers reached No. 12 on the Billboard folk best seller chart in October 1948.

The song was also covered by George Jones, Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Kitty Wells, Gene Pitney, The Stanley Brothers, Roy Acuff, George Morgan, Bobby Bare, Slim Whitman, Charles Louvin, Mac Wiseman, Vernon Oxford, and others.

Charlie Louvin
Charles Elzer Loudermilk (July 7, 1927 – January 26, 2011), known professionally as Charlie Louvin, was an American country music singer and songwriter. He is best known as one of the Louvin Brothers, and was a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1955.
Rosa M. Miró-Roig
Rosa M. Miró-Roig (born August 6, 1960) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Barcelona, specializing in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. She did her graduate studies at the University of Barcelona, earning a Ph.D. in 1985 under the supervision of Sebastià Xambó-Descamps with the thesis Haces reflexivos sobre espacios proyectivos.

Commutative algebra
Commutative algebra, first known as ideal theory, is the branch of algebra that studies commutative rings, their ideals, and modules over such rings. Both algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory build on commutative algebra. Prominent examples of commutative rings include polynomial rings; rings of algebraic integers, including the ordinary integers ; and p-adic integers.

Commutative algebra is the main technical tool of algebraic geometry, and many results and concepts of commutative algebra are strongly related with geometrical concepts.

The study of rings that are not necessarily commutative is known as noncommutative algebra; it includes ring theory, representation theory, and the theory of Banach algebras.
Douglas Burnet Smith
Douglas Burnet Smith (born 1949 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) is a Canadian poet. He is the author of fifteen volumes of poetry. His Voices from a Farther Room was nominated for the Governor General's Award, the most prestigious literary award in Canada. In addition to winning numerous poetry awards, in 1989 Mr. Smith won The Malahat Review’s Long Poem Prize. He has also represented Canada at international writers’ festivals and has served as the President of the League of Canadian Poets and as Chair of the Public Lending Right Commission of Canada. His poetry has also been published in numerous literary periodicals and anthologies. He was twice a member of the Poetry Jury for the Canada Council for the Arts' Governor General's Literary Awards, in 1988  and again in 2011 .

He currently teaches English literature and creative writing at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Hans Berglund
Hans Gustaf Bo Berglund (24 February 1918 – 17 September 2006) was a Swedish sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1930s to the late 1940s. He won the gold in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

Berglund also won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-4 1000 m: 1948) and a silver (K-2 1000 m: 1938). Note that the K-4 1000 m event was not part of the Summer Olympics until the 1964 games in Tokyo. It was considered an extraordinary event and was part of the International Canoe Federation's 1948 world championships rather than the 1948 Games.

After retiring from competitions Berglund served as a technical expert for the International Canoe Federation at the 1956 and 1964 Olympics. His son Bo also became an Olympic canoeist.

1938 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1938 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Vaxholm, Sweden, outside Stockholm, between 6–7 August 1938. This event was held under the auspices of the Internationale Repräsentantenschaft Kanusport (IRK), founded in 1924 and the forerunner of the International Canoe Federation.

The men's competition consisted of three Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and seven kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak.

This was the first championships in canoe sprint and the only one held prior to World War II which would break out the following year. It is also the only time the K-1 10000 m folding and K-2 10000 m folding events would take place in the world championships.
Paraglaciecola chathamensis
Paraglaciecola chathamensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Paraglaciecola which has been isolated from sediments from the Pacific Ocean.

Chemotroph
A chemotroph is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which use photons. Chemotrophs can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. Chemotrophs can be found in areas where electron donors are present in high concentration, for instance around hydrothermal vents.
Carol Bressanutti
Carol Bressanutti (born 14 April 1993) is an Italian former competitive figure skater. She has won seven senior international medals. At the 2012 World Junior Championships, she qualified for the free skate and finished 18th.

2012 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2012 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2011–12 season. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held in Minsk, Belarus from 27 February to 4 March 2012.
Kirsten Auken
Kirsten Auken (25 June 1913 – 21 January 1968) was a Danish sexologist and politician, who was one of the leading proponents of the introduction of sex education in Denmark. She was the mother of politicians Margrete Auken and Svend Auken.

Sexology
Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term sexology does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism.

Sexologists apply tools from several academic fields, such as anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and criminology. Topics of study include sexual development (puberty), sexual orientation, gender identity, sexual relationships, sexual activities, paraphilias, and atypical sexual interests. It also includes the study of sexuality across the lifespan, including child sexuality, puberty, adolescent sexuality, and sexuality among the elderly. The field of sexology also encompasses the study of sexuality among individuals with mental or physical disabilities. The sexological study of sexual dysfunctions and disorders, including erectile dysfunction and anorgasmia, are also mainstays.
Woodhill, Auckland
Woodhill is a locality in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It is in the Western Ward of the Rodney District. Woodhill is approximately 6 kilometres northwest of Waimauku and 10 km south of Helensville on State Highway 16. The North Auckland Line passes through the area. The Woodhill Forest lies to the west.

State Highway 16 (New Zealand)
State Highway 16 (SH 16) is a New Zealand state highway linking central Auckland with Wellsford, via Auckland's Northwestern Motorway, Helensville and Kaukapakapa. It provides an alternative to SH 1 for traffic travelling between Auckland and parts of Northland from Wellsford northwards.

Within the Auckland metropolitan area, SH 16 mostly runs along the Northwestern Motorway, the major exception being the first 2 km between the Port of Auckland and the Central Motorway Junction. Outside the Auckland metropolitan area, SH 16 is a single carriageway with at-grade intersections.
William E. Skillend
William E. Skillend (26 April 1926 – 21 February 2010) was the first British academic specializing in the Korean language, and the first professor of Korean at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London.

Skillend was born in Liverpool and went on to study Japanese at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he received a first-class degree and later completed a PhD. He became one of the generation of British orientalists who started as military translators, in his case at Bletchley Park.

Skillend was responsible for establishing the Association for Korean Studies in Europe (AKSE) in 1977.

Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis powers –  most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry.

The team at Bletchley Park, 75% women, devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s. After the war it had various uses and now houses the Bletchley Park museum.
Massachusetts's 16th congressional district
Massachusetts's 16th congressional district is an obsolete district. It was first active 1803–1821 in the District of Maine and again active 1913–1933 in the Cape Cod region. It was eliminated in 1933 after the 1930 census. Its last congressman was Charles L. Gifford, who was redistricted into the 15th district.

1930 United States census
The 1930 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census.

It was the first time the effects of suburban sprawl were recorded when, during the Roaring Twenties, a significant portion of the working population of New York City moved to New Jersey, aided by the George Washington Bridge which permitted quick transport from the state to Manhattan.
Günter Krings
Günter Krings (born 7 August 1969) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2002.

In addition to his parliamentary work, Krings also served as Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of the Interior in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2013 until 2021.

Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of the Interior  (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm dɛs ˈʔɪnɐn ʔʊnt fyːɐ̯ ˈhaɪmaːt] ⓘ; abbreviated BMI) is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister is Alexander Dobrindt. 
It is comparable to the UK Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies. The BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany. To fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police (including the GSG 9) and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.
Peñuelas Lake
Peñuelas Lake is a reservoir in Valparaíso Region, Chile. It supplies drinking water, together with another lake called Los Aromos, to Valparaíso and Viña del Mar. The reservoir and the surrounding area are protected within Lago Peñuelas National Reserve, which is part of La Campana-Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve.

At the end of March 2022, the lake dried up due to a drought lasting since 2010.

La Campana-Peñuelas
La Campana-Peñuelas is a Biosphere Reserve located in west-central Chile, the La Campana-Peñuelas Biosphere Reserve encompasses the La Campana National Park and the Lago Peñuelas National Reserve. Forests within the La Campana-Peñuelas are habitats for the Chilean Wine Palm, Jubaea chilensis, an endangered palm, which had a much broader distribution prior to modern times.
Sounds of Violence
Sounds of Violence is the fifth studio album by English thrash metal band Onslaught, released on 28 January 2011 through AFM Records in Europe and 8 February in North America. This was Onslaught's first album not to feature a new singer, as Sy Keeler remained with the band after their previous album Killing Peace. In addition to standard CD formats, Sounds of Violence was also released on limited black vinyl (only 666 copies) in a gatefold sleeve and a Limited Digipack. For the Japanese release the album also featured a re-recording of "Angels of Death" and "Thermonuclear Devastation" taken from their debut album Power from Hell. Sounds of Violence outsold the previous album Killing Peace in less than one year. In February 2012, the band has been listed by the webzine Metal Storm as the sixth best Thrash Metal Album of 2011.

AFM Records
AFM Records GmbH is a music label based in Schwalmstadt, Germany. They focus on the heavy metal musical genre, signing bands such as U.D.O., Doro, Lordi, Kotipelto, Masterplan, Nostradameus, Redlight King, and Annihilator.

In 2005, Candlelight Records signed a cooperative deal with AFM to mutually release and market several titles.

The exclusive distribution in Greece is being carried out by Infinity Entertainment IKE.
Symphony No. 4 (Milhaud)
The Symphony No. 4, Op. 281, is a work for orchestra by French composer Darius Milhaud. The piece was written in 1947 in response to a request by the French minister of education for a composition celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Revolution of 1848. Milhaud wrote this symphony on board a steamship to France from the U.S., where he had lived since 1940. This symphony is not to be confused with Milhaud's Chamber Symphony No. 4, op. 74 (1921).

Milhaud's Fourth Symphony has four movements and a total running time of a bit over 28 minutes. The outer movements have a military flavor, dominated by wind instruments and percussion. The descriptive titles of the movements are as follows:

L'insurrection. Animé (approx. 5')

Aux Morts de la République. Lent (approx. 13')

Le Joies de la Liberté retrouvée. Modérément animé (approx. 4')

Commémoration 1948. Animé (approx. 7'15")

This symphony is published by Editions Salabert.

Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo], Provençal: [miˈjawt]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers. He taught many future jazz and classical composers, including Burt Bacharach, Dave Brubeck, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, György Kurtág, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis among others.
Mahmoud El Bezzawy
Mahmoud El Bezzawy (born September 25, 1963) is an Egyptian actor and screenwriter.

He was born in El Mahalla El Kubra, Egypt.

He co-wrote the television series Critical Moments (2007). He also co-wrote and starred in the television series Al-Adham (2009).

El Mahalla El Kubra
El Mahalla El Kubra (Arabic: المحلة الكبرى, Egyptian Arabic: [elmæˈħællæ lˈkobɾɑ]) – commonly shortened to El Maḥalla – is the largest city of the Gharbia Governorate and in the Nile Delta, with a population of 614,202 as of 2023. It is a large industrial and agricultural city in Egypt, located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta Branch tributary. The city is known for its textile industry, and hosts the Misr Spinning and Weaving Company which employs around 27,000 people.
National Institute for Health and Care Research
The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) is the British government's major funder of clinical, public health, social care and translational research. With a budget of over £1.2 billion in 2020–21, its mission is to "improve the health and wealth of the nation through research". The NIHR was established in 2006 under the government's Best Research for Best Health strategy, and is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care. As a research funder and research partner of the NHS, public health and social care, the NIHR complements the work of the Medical Research Council. NIHR focuses on translational research (translating discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic), clinical research and applied health and social care research.

Research funding in the United Kingdom
Research funding in the United Kingdom is divided mainly among  Non-Departmental Government Bodies: UK Research and Innovation ('UKRI'), and 'Higher Education Funding Bodies'. The budgets of both the UK Research Councils (which later merged into UKRI) and the Higher Education Funding Bodies budgets were set by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills prior to 2016, at which point Department was succeeded by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. UK research funding follows the government policy, the 'Haldane principle', this means research is evaluated by scientists themselves through peer review, not politicians.
Frozen Four
The term Frozen Four  refers to the semifinals and championship games of NCAA Division I ice hockey tournaments, which are separated by gender. It could refer to:

NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament

NCAA women's ice hockey tournament

NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The annual NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament is a college ice hockey tournament held in the United States by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to determine the top men's team in Division I. Like other Division I championships, it is the highest level of NCAA men's hockey competition. This tournament is somewhat unique among NCAA sports as many schools which otherwise compete in Division II or Division III compete in Division I for hockey.

Since 1999, the semifinals and championship game of the tournament have been branded as the "Frozen Four", a reference to the NCAA's long-time branding of its basketball semi-finals as the "Final Four".
Leopoldsburg
Leopoldsburg (Dutch: [ˈleːjoːpɔltsˌbʏr(ə)x]; French: Bourg-Léopold [buʁ leɔpɔl]; Limburgish: Leopolsbörch) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg. On January 1, 2006, Leopoldsburg had a total population of 14,403. The total area is 22.49 km2 (8.68 sq mi) which gives a population density of 640 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,700 inhabitants/sq mi). It is situated near the important military base at Beverloo Camp.
The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Leopoldsburg proper and Heppen.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.
Van Hasselt
Van Hasselt is a Dutch-language toponymic surname, meaning "from Hasselt", a town either in Belgian Limburg, Dutch Limburg, Overijssel, the District of Kleve, or East Frisia . Notable people with this surname include the following:

Johan Coenraad van Hasselt (1797–1823), Dutch physician, zoologist, botanist and mycologist

André Henri Constant van Hasselt (1806–1874), Dutch-Belgian writer and poet

Alexander Willem Michiel van Hasselt (1814–1902), Dutch entomologist and toxicologist

Barthold Theodoor Willem van Hasselt (1896–1960), Dutch chief executive

Arend Ludolf van Hasselt (1848-1909), Dutch explorer and ethnologist

Arend Ludolf van Hasselt
Arend Ludolf van Hasselt, (Groningen 6 January 1848 – Oosterbeek, 29 September 1909), was a Dutch colonial administrator, ethnographer, and plant collector in the Dutch East Indies.

He served in several high-ranking posts, participated in one of the most important 19th-century scientific expeditions to Sumatra, and contributed significantly to ethnographic, linguistic, and botanical knowledge of central Sumatra. In his later years he became a professor of Indonesian land and ethnology in Delft and played a key role in the Royal Dutch Geographical Society (KNAG).
SurveyLab
SurveyLab is an online system designed for creating and deploying surveys, questionnaires, web forms, tests, and quizzes. The platform functions as a web application, without the need for additional software installation.

Founded in 2006, by the Polish company 7 Points, SurveyLab is used by businesses and professional users for market research, human resources assessments, customer feedback, and academic research.

Quiz
A quiz is a form of mind sport in which people attempt to answer questions correctly on one or several topics. Quizzes can be used as a brief assessment in education and similar fields to measure growth in knowledge, abilities, and skills, or simply as a hobby. They can also be televised for entertainment purposes, often in a game show format