hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3003 aluminium alloy
3003 aluminium alloy is an alloy in the wrought aluminium-manganese family (3000 or 3xxx series). It can be cold worked (but not, unlike some other types of aluminium alloys, heat-treated) to produce tempers with a higher strength but a lower ductility. Like most other aluminium-manganese alloys, 3003 is a general-purpose alloy with moderate strength, good workability, and good corrosion resistance. It is commonly rolled and extruded, but typically not forged. As a wrought alloy, it is not used in casting. It is also commonly used in sheet metal applications such as gutters, downspouts, roofing, and siding.

Alternate designations include 3.0517 and A93003. 3003 aluminium and its various tempers are covered by the ISO standard 6361 and the ASTM standards B209, B210, B211, B221, B483, B491, and B547.

Heat treating
Heat treating (or heat treatment) is a group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve the desired result, such as the softening or hardening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precipitation strengthening, tempering, carburizing, normalizing and quenching. Although the term heat treatment applies only to processes where the heating and cooling are done for the specific purpose of altering properties intentionally, heating and cooling often occur incidentally during other manufacturing processes, such as hot forming or welding.
Mallobaudes
Mallobaudes or Mellobaudes was a 4th-century Frankish king who also held the Roman title of comes domesticorum. 
In 354 he was a tribunus armaturarum in the Roman army in Gaul, where he served under Silvanus, who usurped power in 355. Mallobaudes tried unsuccessfully to intervene on his behalf. Appointed comes domesticorum by Gratian, he was second-in-command of the army in Gaul in 378 when he defeated the Alemannic tribes under King Priarius at Battle of Argentovaria (near modern Colmar) according to Ammianus Marcellinus. In 380 he killed Macrian, king of the Bucinobantes and Roman ally, who had invaded Frankish territory.
During the usurpation of Maximus, Mallobaudes was killed shortly after the assassination of the emperor Gratian.

Domesticus (Roman Empire)
The origins of the word domesticus can be traced to the late 3rd century of the Late Roman army. They often held high ranks in various fields, whether it was the servants of a noble house on the civilian side, or a high-ranking military position. After serving under the emperor for a certain duration, the Domestici would be able to become leaders themselves and potentially command their own regiment of legionaries in the military. Relatively, the most important offices were the “Comes Domesticorum” also known as, “Commander of the Protectores Domestici,” and “Comes rei Militaris” or General.
GRAPE
GRAPE, or GRAphics Programming Environment is a software development environment for mathematical visualization, especially differential geometry and continuum mechanics. In 1994, it won the European Academic Software Award.

The term graphical refers to the applications; the programming itself is mostly based on C. GRAPE was developed by the University of Bonn in Germany and is available for free for non-commercial purposes. It has not been developed actively since 1998.

Mathematical visualization
Mathematical phenomena can be understood and explored via visualization. Classically, this consisted of two-dimensional drawings or building three-dimensional models (particularly plaster models in the 19th and early 20th century). In contrast, today it most frequently consists of using computers to make static two- or three-dimensional drawings, animations, or interactive programs. Writing programs to visualize mathematics is an aspect of computational geometry.
Panutsang mani
Bagkat mani, panutsang mani, panutsa, or samani is a Filipino brittle confection made with muscovado sugar or sangkaka (or jaggery), whole peanuts, and butter (or margarine). It can also be made with whole pili nuts. It is similar to bagkat, another Filipino confection made from ground roasted or fried nuts and sugar, but the latter has a chewy texture. It is also sometimes called piñato mani, piñato de Cebu, or simply piñato in the Visayas Islands (not to be confused with piñato de pinipig from Samar, which is a similar snack made with crispy pinipig rice and peanuts).

Jaggery
Jaggery is a traditional non-centrifugal cane sugar consumed in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, North America, Central America, Brazil and Africa. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and often date or palm sap  without separation of the molasses and crystals, and can vary from golden brown to dark brown in colour. It contains up to 50% sucrose, up to 20% invert sugars, and up to 20% moisture, with the remainder made up of other insoluble matter, such as wood ash, proteins, and bagasse fibres. Jaggery is very similar to muscovado, an important sweetener in Portuguese, British and French cuisine.
Guiers Vif
The Guiers Vif (French pronunciation: [ɡje vif], literally live Guiers) is a river in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in eastern France. It is located in the Regional Natural Park of Chartreuse, on the border between the municipalities of Saint-Pierre-d'Entremont (Isère) and Saint-Pierre-d'Entremont (Savoie). Its source is in the Cirque de Saint-Même. It flows towards the northwest. For most of its course, the river forms the border between the departments of Isère and Savoie. Near the communes of Entre-deux-Guiers and Les Echelles, it ends after 16.9 km (10.5 mi) as a right tributary of the Guiers.

Parc Naturel Régional de la Chartreuse
Parc Naturel Régional de la Chartreuse (French pronunciation: [paʁk natyʁɛl ʁeʒjɔnal də la ʃaʁtʁøz], "Chartreuse Regional Nature Park") is a regional nature park located in the region Rhône-Alpes between Chambéry, Grenoble and Voiron, on the border of the departments of Isère and Savoie. It is based on the massif de la Chartreuse and covers an area of 76,700 hectares with a population of about 50,000. The park was established in 1995.
Mass media in North Macedonia
The mass media in North Macedonia refers to mass media outlets based in North Macedonia. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. The Constitution of North Macedonia guarantees freedom of the press and of expression, yet they are not upheld impartially by the authorities. As a country in transition, North Macedonia's media system is under transformation.

Macedonian Radio Television
Macedonian Radio Television (Macedonian: Македонска радио-телевизија, romanized: Makedonska radio-televizija), or MRT (МРТ) for short, is the public broadcasting organisation of North Macedonia. It was founded in 1993 by the Macedonian Assembly.

Its legally defined service is the production and broadcasting of radio and television programmes of all genres, which should satisfy the public information, cultural, educational and recreational needs of the people of North Macedonia.

MRT is directed by Marijan Cvetkovski. MRT has 1,200 employees.
J.C. Beaudin
Jean-Christophe Beaudin (born March 27, 1997) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for HC Sochi in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected 71st overall by the Colorado Avalanche in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.

HC Sochi
Hockey Club Sochi (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Сочи) is a professional ice hockey club based in Sochi, Russia. It is a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The club joined the KHL in the 2014–15 season.
Blera metcalfi
Blera metcalfi, Metcalf's wood fly, is a rare species of syrphid fly first officially described by Curran in 1925   Hoverflies get their name from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found around and on flowers from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein rich pollen. The larvae are of the rat-tailed type feeding on exuding sap or in the rot holes of trees.

Maggot
A maggot is the larva of a fly (order Diptera); it is applied in particular to the larvae of Brachycera flies, such as houseflies, cheese flies, hoverflies, and blowflies, rather than larvae of the Nematocera, such as mosquitoes and crane flies.
Deleya halophila
Deleya halophila (also known as Halomonas halophila) is a salt-loving, gram-negative bacteria. It is known to habitat marine environments, solar salterns, saline soils, and salted food. The genus was named after J. De Ley, a noted biologist. Its type strain is CCM 3662.

This particular species is anaerobic, rod-shaped and motile, thanks to possessing eight petritichous flagella. It grows optimally in 7.5% (wt/vol) sodium chloride solution. Albeit, salt shock is achieved with a concentration of 2-2.5M, affecting cell division and protein synthesis.  Its reaction to heat shock is also associated with the medium's salt concentration.

This species is also a good exponent of biomineralisation, particularly precipitation of calcium carbonate.

Calcium carbonate
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and pearls. Materials containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous. Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in agricultural lime.  Limescale is calcium carbonate produced when calcium ions in hard water react with carbonate ions. Calcium carbonate has medical use as a calcium supplement or as an antacid, but excessive consumption can be hazardous and cause hypercalcemia and digestive issues.
Secretary of State for War
The Secretary of State for War, commonly called the War Secretary, was a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom. The position existed from 1794 to 1801 and again from 1854 to 1964. The Secretary of State for War headed the War Office and was assisted by an under-secretary, a parliamentary private secretary who was also a member of parliament (MP), and a military secretary, who was a general.

Parliamentary private secretary
A parliamentary private secretary (PPS) is a member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom who acts as an unpaid assistant to a government minister or a shadow minister. They are selected from backbench MPs as the "eyes and ears" of the minister in the House of Commons.

PPSs are junior to parliamentary under-secretaries of state, a ministerial post salaried by one or more departments.
Yoder, British Columbia
Yoder is a Canadian ghost town in the West Kootenay region of southern British Columbia.
The location, on BC Highway 3, is by road about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Salmo and 31 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Castlegar.

Castlegar, British Columbia
Castlegar is a community in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. In the Selkirk Mountains, at the confluence of the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers, it is a regional trade and transportation centre, with a local economy based on forestry, mining and tourism.

Castlegar is home to Selkirk College, a regional airport, a pulp mill, and several sawmills. Its population of 8,338 includes many Doukhobors, who were largely responsible for much of the town's early development and growth.

The area which became Castlegar was an important centre for the Sinixt (Lakes) Peoples. Outside the city limits are the small surrounding communities of Ootischenia, Brilliant, Robson, Robson West, Raspberry, Tarrys, Thrums, Glade, Shoreacres, Fairview, Genelle, Pass Creek and Krestova, and the much smaller communities of Deer Park, Renata, and Syringa on Lower Arrow Lake. These outlying areas have a further population of about 8,000 people.
Kristan (given name)
Kristan is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Kristan Bromley (born 1972), British skeleton racer

Kristan Cunningham, American actress and interior designer

Kristan Higgins, American author

Kristan Kennedy (born 1972), American artist, curator, and educator

Kristan Singleton (born 1971), United States Virgin Islands swimmer

Kristan Caryl (born 1984), British journalist

Kristan von Waldenfels (born 2000), German politician

Kristan von Waldenfels
Kristan Wilhelm Bodo Georg Freiherr von Waldenfels (born 26 April 2000) is a German politician. He has been a member of the Landtag of Bavaria since 2023, and has served as mayor of Lichtenberg since 2020. He is the son of Rudolf von Waldenfels.
Samastipur–Muzaffarpur section
The Samastipur–Muzaffarpur section is a railway line connecting Samastipur to Muzaffarpur in the Indian state of Bihar. The 53 km (33 mi) line passes through the plains of North Bihar and the Gangetic Plain in Bihar.

Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur pronunciationⓘ is a city in the Muzaffarpur district, situated on the banks of the Burhi Gandak River in the Tirhut division of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both the Tirhut division and the Muzaffarpur district. Muzaffarpur is the fourth most populous city in Bihar and is often referred to as the Capital of North Bihar.

The city is renowned for its Shahi lychee, earning it the nickname Lychee Kingdom of India.

A study conducted by the Government of Bihar identified Muzaffarpur, along with Patna, Vaishali, Gaya, and Begusarai, as one of the top five districts in the state in terms of rapid economic growth.
Olateru Olagbegi I
Olagbegi Atanneye I was a paramount ruler of Owo Kingdom, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria who reigned between 1913 and 1938. He was the brother of Olowo Ajike Ogunoye and son of Olowo Olagbegi Atanneye II

Paramount ruler
The term paramount ruler, or sometimes paramount king, is a generic description, though occasionally also used as an actual title, for a number of rulers' position in relative terms, as the summit of a feudalistic pyramid of rulers of lesser polities (such as vassal princes) in a given historical and geographical context, often of different ranks, which all recognize the single paramount ruler as their senior, though not necessarily with effectively commanding authority (as in a true empire), but often rather a notion like the Western suzerainty.

Whether the term is used where it could apply is essentially a matter of convention, and as the relatively vague, similar definitions overlap, its use may in certain cases coexist with the use of another term as those mentioned in the See also section.
Satsuma Kokubun-ji
The Satsuma Kokubun-ji (薩摩国分寺) was a Buddhist temple in located in the Kokubunchō neighborhood of the city of Satsumasendai, Kagoshima Prefecture in the Kyushu region of Japan. It was the provincial temple ("kokubunji") of former Satsuma Province. Its location is now an archaeological site, which has been preserved as a National Historic Site since 1944. with the area under protection expanded in 1976 and 1982.

Buddhist temples in Japan
Buddhist temples or monasteries are (along with Shinto shrines) the most numerous, famous, and important religious buildings in Japan. The shogunates or leaders of Japan have made it a priority to update and rebuild Buddhist temples since the Momoyama period (late 16th century). The Japanese word for a Buddhist monastery is tera (寺) (kun reading), and the same kanji also has the pronunciation ji (on reading), so temple names frequently end in -dera (voiced) or -ji. Another ending, -in (院), is normally used to refer to minor temples. Examples of temple names that have these suffixes are Kiyomizu-dera, Enryaku-ji and Kōtoku-in.
The Greatest Hits (Texas album)
The Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Scottish rock band Texas, released on 23 October 2000. It was the band's first greatest hits album, featuring songs spanning their career from 1989 to 2000. Three new singles were also included: "In Demand", "Inner Smile" and "Guitar Song".

Two extra bonus tracks appear on the UK edition of the album that do not appear on the international edition. In territories where the group did not chart any major hits, the album was simply renamed Song Book. Four previously released songs ("So in Love with You", "So Called Friend", "Everyday Now" and "Prayer for You") were also re-recorded for this album.

The Greatest Hits peaked at number one in the UK, becoming the band's third album to do so. It has been certified 6× Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for UK sales of 1,974,890 copies. The Greatest Hits was a big seller within the United Kingdom and was the 42nd best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the United Kingdom.

So Called Friend
"So Called Friend" is a song by Scottish band Texas, released in August 1993, by Vertigo Records, as the lead single from their third studio album, Ricks Road (1993). It was written by band members Johnny McElhone and Sharleen Spiteri, and produced by Paul Fox. The song reached number 30 on the UK Singles Chart and number four in Portugal. It was also the theme song of American television sitcom Ellen.
Guyandotte Valley Railroad Company
The Guyandotte Valley Railroad Company was incorporated by the State of West Virginia on March 1, 1899. Under supervision of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the GVRR constructed 50.2 miles of single track, standard gauge railroad line between Barboursville in Cabell County to Big Creek in Logan County. On October 31, 1903, the C&O acquired its franchise, rights, and property.

As a result of the Guyandotte Valley Railroad Company's diligent work, the rich timber and coal regions of the Guyandotte Valley were better connected to larger markets. It led to the development or growth of such towns as West Hamlin, Branchland, Midkiff, Brady, Ranger, Gill, Sand Creek, Atenville, Eden Park, Harts, Ferrellsburg, Green Shoal, and Big Creek.

Midkiff, West Virginia
Midkiff is an unincorporated community in western Lincoln County, West Virginia, United States.  It lies along West Virginia Route 10 southwest of the town of Hamlin, the county seat of Lincoln County.  Its elevation is 597 feet (182 m).  It has a post office with the ZIP code 25540.

The community was named after a local Midkiff family.
Hans Järta
Hans Järta (originally Hans Hierta) (11 February 1774 – 6 April 1847) was a Swedish administrator, revolutionary and philosopher. He helped overthrow Gustavus IV Adolphus in the Coup of 1809 and was one of the main drafters of the 1809 constitution of Sweden. From 1812 to 1822 he was County Governor of Kopparberg County. His liberal-conservative philosophy has given him the nickname "Sweden's Edmund Burke".

Administrator of the government
An administrator (administrator of the government or officer administering the government) in the constitutional practice of some countries in the Commonwealth is a person who fulfils a role similar to that of a governor or a governor-general.
Renato Martino
Renato Raffaele Martino (23 November 1932 – 28 October 2024) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Created a cardinal in 2003, Martino became the longest serving cardinal deacon, the cardinal protodeacon, from June 2014. He served for more than twenty years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, including sixteen years as Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations. He held positions in the Roman Curia from 2002 to 2009.

College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals (Latin: Collegium Cardinalium), also called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. As of 19 February 2026, there are 244 cardinals, of whom 121 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Appointed by the pope, cardinals serve for life, but become ineligible to participate in a papal conclave if they turn 80 before a papal vacancy occurs.

Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the Early Middle Ages, the size of the body has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils ratified by the pope, and the college itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900, nearly half of whom were created after 1655. This number excludes possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty.
2002 World Darts Trophy
The 2002 World Darts Trophy was the first edition of the World Darts Trophy, a professional darts tournament held at the De Vechtsebanen in Utrecht, the Netherlands, run by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation.

The final of the first men's event was between Tony David and Tony O'Shea, with Tony David beating Tony O'Shea in straight sets, 6–0. The BDO World Championship runner-up Mervyn King was eliminated in the second round also in straight sets by Tony David. In the final of the first women's event, Mieke de Boer defeated Crissy Howat, 3–1 in sets. Trina Gulliver, the BDO World Champion, was earlier beaten in the women's event by Anne Kirk in the quarter-finals.

Tony O'Shea
Tony O'Shea  (born 9 May 1961) is an English professional darts player. His squat figure has resulted in the nickname "Silverback". O'Shea has reached the finals of seven British Darts Organisation (BDO) major darts tournaments, but never won one. He also acted as a regular commentator for televised BDO coverage.
Grenc
Grenc (pronounced [ˈɡɾɛːnts]; in older sources also Grenec, German: Grenze) is a settlement in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Urbanization has meant that it has become part of the actual town of Škofja Loka.

Municipality of Škofja Loka
The Municipality of Škofja Loka (pronounced [ˈʃkoːfja ˈloːka] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Škofja Loka) is a municipality in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Škofja Loka. The municipality was established in its current form on 3 October 1994, when the former larger Municipality of Škofja Loka was subdivided into the municipalities of Gorenja Vas–Poljane, Škofja Loka, Železniki, and Žiri.
Duchess of Portland (ship)
Several ships have been named Duchess of Portland (or Dutchess of Portland) for one or another of the Duchesses of Portland:

Duchess of Portland (1783 ship) was launched at Bristol. She was primarily a West Indiaman but made one voyage as a slave ship and two as a whaler in the British Southern Whale Fishery. The US Navy captured her in 1812 and burnt her.

Duchess of Portland (1826 ship) was launched at Troon. She was wrecked on 12 February 1867.

Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa.
2019 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election
The 2019 Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council
Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council is the local authority of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England. It is a metropolitan borough council and provides the majority of local government services in the borough. The council is a member of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority.

The council has been under Labour majority control since the modern borough was created in 1974. Council meetings are held at Barnsley Town Hall, and the council's main offices are in the adjoining Westgate Plaza One building.