hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Butte, America
Butte, America is a 2008 documentary film about Butte, Montana's history as a copper mining town. It was created by Pamela Roberts, narrated by Gabriel Byrne, and includes a mix of first hand accounts and scholarly analysis  from John T. Shea, Marie Cassidy, David Emmons, and Janet Finn. The movie focuses on developments in American labor and production during the dawn of the electrical age in the 1880s when copper was discovered in Butte. The mining activity brought an influx of immigrant workers and their families to the boom town that grew to be a Western metropolis of 45,000 people forming a Rocky Mountain city that with similarities to Pittsburgh in the East. Labor relations and the corporate operations of Anaconda Copper are also related.

The film aired on the Independent Lens PBS show on  October 20, 2009.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Brachygalea kalchbergi
Brachygalea kalchbergi is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Otto Staudinger in 1897. It is known only from Israel and Jordan.

Adults are on wing from March to April. There is one generation per year.

Otto Staudinger
Otto Staudinger (2 May 1830 – 13 October 1900) was a German entomologist and a natural history dealer considered one of the largest in the world specialising in the collection and sale of insects to museums, scientific institutions, and individuals.
Deedi Damodaran
Deedi Damodaran is an Indian screenwriter who works in Malayalam cinema. Gulmohar (2008)  is her first film in Malayalam directed by Jayaraj, starring Ranjith, Siddique, Augustine, and Neenu Mathew. She is the daughter of the veteran screenwriter of Malayalam cinema T.Damodaran. She is one of the founding members of Women in Cinema Collective, WCC, the organization for the welfare of women workers of Malayalam movie industry.

Filmography

Gulmohar (2008)

Makal in Kerala kafe (2009)

Nayika (2011)

John (2023)

Kerala Cafe
Kerala Cafe : a film joint  is a 2009 Indian Malayalam-language anthology film consisting of ten short film segments, combined together by Ranjith, M. Padmakumar, Shankar Ramakrishnan, Shaji Kailas, Uday Ananthan, Anjali Menon, B. Unnikrishnan, Shyamaprasad, Anwar Rasheed, Revathy, and Lal Jose. The film stars an ensemble cast of all segments.
HMS Charybdis
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Charybdis, after the sea monster Charybdis of Greek mythology.

The first HMS Charybdis (1809) was an 18-gun brig-sloop in use from 1809 to 1819. She apparently became the whaler Greenwich which made three complete voyages and then wrecked in the Seychelles in 1833 while on her fourth.

The second HMS Charybdis (1831) was a 10-gun brig-sloop in use from 1831 to 1843.

The third HMS Charybdis (1859) was a screw corvette launched in 1859, loaned to Canada from 1880 to 1882, and sold 1884.

The fourth HMS Charybdis (1893) was an Astraea-class protected cruiser launched in 1893, converted to a cargo ship in 1918 and sold to Bermuda in 1922.

The fifth HMS Charybdis (88) was a Dido-class cruiser launched in 1940 and sunk in the English Channel by German torpedo boats in 1943.

The sixth HMS Charybdis (F75) was a Leander-class frigate launched in 1968 and sunk as a target in 1993.

Protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour along the sides, in contrast to armored cruisers which carried both deck and belt armour.

Outside of a handful of very large designs in the major navies (which preceded the revival of armored cruisers), the majority of protected cruisers were of 'second-' or 'third-class' types, lighter in displacement and mounting fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers.

By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, these new 'light armored cruisers' would evolve into light cruisers and heavy cruisers, the former especially taking on many of the roles originally envisioned for protected cruisers.
Ferrari V10 engine
Ferrari manufactured a series of 3.0-litre, naturally-aspirated, V10 racing engines, exclusively for their Formula One race cars, between 1996 and 2005. They chose a V10 engine configuration, because it offered the best compromise between power and fuel efficiency; the V12 was more powerful but less efficient while the V8 was less powerful but more economical. They switched to 2.4-litre naturally-aspirated V8 engine configuration for 2006.

Over its decade-long evolution, power levels varied; from 715 hp (533 kW; 725 PS) at 15,500 rpm in 1996, to over 900 horsepower, around 935 hp (697 kW; 948 PS) at 19,000 rpm, toward the end of the 2005 season. The Tipo 05 series of engines, produced between 2001 and 2005, was officially stated to produce between 825 hp (615 kW; 836 PS) at 17,800 rpm, and 865 hp (645 kW; 877 PS) at 18,300 rpm. In qualifying mode, these engine were reputed to develop up to, or at times over, 900 horsepower (670 kW) at 19,000 rpm.

Engine configuration
The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized.

Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts.
Ogre Slayer
Ogre Slayer (Japanese: 鬼切丸, Hepburn: Onikirimaru) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kei Kusunoki. It was published in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Shōnen Sunday Zōkan (later Shōnen Sunday Super) from 1992 to 2001, with its chapters collected in 20 tankōbon volumes. It was adapted into a four-episode original video animation (OVA) released from 1994 to 1995. Both the manga and anime were distributed in North America by Viz Media; only two volumes of the manga were released. Another series, titled The Legend of Onikirimaru, was serialized from August 2013 to March 2025. It takes place in the Sengoku era and features a different lead character

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Anthony Allison (politician)
Anthony Allison is an American politician and retired electrician who served as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from 2019-2025. Allison represented the 4th district, which includes San Juan County, New Mexico.

New Mexico House of Representatives
The New Mexico House of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México) is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature.

There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico.

The most recent elections were held on November 5, 2024. During that election the Republican Party of New Mexico picked up one seat.
Anastasia Ndereba
Anastasia Ndereba (born 27 September 1974) is a Kenyan long-distance runner. She is the sister of the more renowned athlete and Olympic medalist Catherine Ndereba.

Her first recorded professional competition was on 6 November 1999, when she completed the 8 km Senior Women's Cross-country race organised by the KAAA, where she finished 4th in a time of 34 minutes and 32 seconds. She debuted as an IAAF athlete officiated by the IAAF in 2001, when she competed in the 3,000 women's B category at Rieti Meeting in Rieti, Italy and emerged 7th with a time of 9 minutes, 12.95 seconds.

In 2003, Anastasia compete and lost against her sister in the 10,000 km KAAA race in Kenya. Her sister beat Anastasia by less than a tenth of a second after she clocked 34:35.0 to Anastasia's 34:35.6 in front of a huge crowd in Ruring'u Stadium, in Nyeri, Kenya.

Rieti
Rieti (Italian: [ˈrjɛːti]; Latin: Reate, Sabino: Riete) is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina region.

The town centre stands on a small hilltop, commanding from the southern edge the wide Rieti valley, at the bottom of the Sabine hills and of monti Reatini, including mount Terminillo. The plain was once a large lake, drained by the ancient Romans, and is now the fertile basin of the Velino River. Only the small Ripasottile and Lungo lakes remain of the larger original.
Nikii Daas
Nikii Daas (born 7 August 1988) is an Indian model, actress and beauty queen.  She won the Gladrags beauty pageant and later received the title of "Miss Charming" while representing India at the international pageant Best Model of the World in Turkey.  Daas started modelling professionally soon after that.  Daas has appeared in campaigns for brands such as Spykar Jeans, Dolce & Gabbana, Globus, Donear suitings, Bombay Dyeing, Mag Wheels, Toyota Innova Car with Aamir Khan, Gold Souk (Dubai) – Mikura Pearls, and Paaneri Sarees. She has walked the ramp for designers such as Satya Paul, Raymonds, Shakir Shaikh, Marc Robinson, Prasad Bidapa, Elric D'souza, Lubna Adams, and Viveka Babajee.  She was featured in the Kingfisher Calendar. She made her acting debut in the 2013 Kannada film Mandahasa.

Dolce & Gabbana
Dolce & Gabbana (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdoltʃe e ɡɡabˈbaːna]), also known by initials D&G, is an Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. The house specializes in ready-to-wear, handbags, accessories, cosmetics, and fragrances and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear.
Louis Hayes
Louis Hayes (born May 31, 1937) is an American jazz drummer and band leader. He was with McCoy Tyner's trio for more than three years. Since 1989 he has led his own band, and together with Vincent Herring formed the Cannonball Legacy Band. He is part of the NEA Jazz Masters awards class of 2023.

Muse Records
Muse Records was a jazz record company and label founded in New York City by Joe Fields in 1972.

Fields worked as an executive for Prestige Records in the 1960s. Several of the albums were previously released on Cobblestone Records. Muse also had another label, Onyx Records, which operated until 1978, when Fields and collaborator Don Schlitten ended their professional relationship.

In the late 1970s, Muse partnered with the Dutch Timeless Records to distribute Timeless Muse.

Muse was sold in 1996 to 32 Jazz, which repackaged and reissued a large amount of Muse recordings. In 2003, Savoy Jazz (which had become a subsidiary of Nippon Columbia) acquired the rights to the Muse catalog (along with that of Landmark) from 32 Jazz.

Fields later founded HighNote Records and Savant Records; many Muse artists later recorded for these labels as well.
Viteri
Viteri is a Basque surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alicia Viteri (born 1946), Panamanian artist

Cynthia Viteri (born 1965), Ecuadorian politician and journalist

Daniel Viteri (born 1981), Ecuadorian footballer

Eugenia Viteri (1928–2023), Ecuadorian author

Efraín Andrade Viteri (1920–1997), Ecuadorian artist

María Elsa Viteri (1965–2021), Ecuadorian politician

Mariela Viteri (born 1968), Ecuadorian television presenter

Nathalie Viteri (born 1974), Ecuadorian politician

Oswaldo Viteri (1931–2023), Ecuadorian artist

Pedro Viteri (1833–1908), Spanish philanthropist

Rafael Viteri (1952–2025), Spanish footballer

Rafael Viteri
Rafael María Viteri Chavarri (11 July 1952 – 27 December 2025) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward. He played 78 La Liga games and scored 19 goals for Athletic Bilbao and Burgos, as well as 83 games and 18 goals for the latter in the Segunda División, winning the title in 1975–76.
Lifesaving at the 2025 World Games
The lifesaving competition at the 2025 World Games took place from 8 to 9 August 2025 at the Natatorium within the Chengdu Sport University Sancha Lake Campus in Chengdu, China. The discipline had sixteen events, eight for men and eight for women. The obstacle swim events were replaced with rescue medley ones.

Lifesaving (sport)
Lifesaving, also known as lifesaving sport, is a group of sports disciplines based on the practices of lifesaving.

The sport is overseen by the International Life Saving Federation (ILS), which was established on 27 March 1910 in Paris. It is contested at the World Games, a multi-sport event for IOC-recognized sporting events that are not yet in the programme of the Olympic Games.
Koschmin
Koschmin can refer to

Kreis Koschmin, an administrative district of Prussia

Koschmin, now Koźmin, Szamotuły County, a former village of Prussia now in Poland

Koschmin, now Koźminek, Lubusz Voivodeship, also a former village of Prussia now in Poland

Koschmin, now Koźmin Wielkopolski in Poland; former seat of Kreis Koschmin

Koźmin Wielkopolski
Koźmin Wielkopolski ([ˈkɔʑmʲin vʲɛlkɔˈpɔlskʲi]) is a town in Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 6,678 inhabitants according to the 2010 census. It is the seat of the Koźmin Wielkopolski urban-rural gmina, which has a population of 13,739 people as of 2010. Until January 1, 1997, the town's official name was "Koźmin"; "Wielkopolski" was then added to the name.
Ocmulgee Regional Library System
The Ocmulgee Regional Library System (ORLS) is a public library system in the U.S. state of Georgia serving Dodge, Bleckley, Pulaski, Telfair, Wheeler, Wilcox counties. The headquarters of the system is the Murrell Memorial Library, which is located in Eastman, Georgia|Eastman.

ORLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to the system's collection of 10.6 million books. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

Eastman, Georgia
Eastman is a city in and the county seat of Dodge County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,658 at the 2020 census, up from 4,962 at the 2010 census. The city was named after William Pitt Eastman, a native of Massachusetts who purchased a large tract of land along the Macon and Brunswick Railroad, and settled a city on the site.

In the 19th century, this was a center of the timber and sawmill industry. During the Great Depression in 1937, the first Stuckey's Pecan Shoppe, once well-known along roadways throughout the United States, was founded in Eastman.
Antwerp Smerle
The Antwerp Smerle is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Antwerp Smerles, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). The Smerle was one of the breeds used in the development of the Racing Homer.

Fancy pigeon
Fancy pigeon refers to any breed of domestic pigeon, which is a domesticated form of the wild rock dove (Columba livia). They are bred by pigeon fanciers for various traits relating to size, shape, color, and behavior, and often exhibited at pigeon shows, fairs and other livestock exhibits.

There are about 800 pigeon breeds; considering all regional varieties all over the world there may be 1100 breeds. The European list of fancy pigeons alone names about 500 breeds. No other domestic animal has branched out into such a variety of forms and colours.

Charles Darwin is known to have crossbred fancy pigeons, particularly the ice pigeon, to study variation within species, this work coming three years before his publication, On the Origin of Species.
Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987
Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 is a law enacted by Government of Rajasthan in 1987. It became an Act of the Parliament of India with the enactment of The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 in 1988. The Act seeks to prevent sati, the voluntary or forced burning or burying alive of a Hindu widow, and to prohibit glorification of this action through the observance of any ceremony, participation in any procession, creation of a financial trust, construction of a temple, or any actions to commemorate or honor the memory of a widow who committed sati. The act was created after the sati of Roop Kanwar in 1987 and applied to all of India except for Jammu and Kashmir.

The act incorporated many colonial suppositions about the practice of sati, with the first paragraph of the preamble of the Act copying the opening lines of Lord William Bentinck’s Bengal Sati Regulation, or Regulation XVII of December 4, 1829 verbatim.

Government of Rajasthan
The Government of Rajasthan is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 41 districts. It consists of an executive branch, led by the governor of Rajasthan, as well as judiciary and legislative branches. Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) and the secretariat. There are various programs announced by the Government of Rajasthan.
Jayne Casey
Jayne Casey (born 1956, in Wallasey, Cheshire) is an English artistic director who was known for being involved in the Liverpool punk and new wave scene in the 1970s and 1980s, with Big in Japan, Pink Military and Pink Industry. A Keychange Inspiration Award was presented to Casey at Liverpool Sound City.

Wallasey
Wallasey (/ˈwɒləsi/) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. It is at the mouth of the River Mersey, on the north-eastern corner of the Wirral Peninsula. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Merseyside in 1974. At the 2021 Census, the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 85,610.
Action of 2 June 1807
The action of 2 June 1807 was an engagement during the British invasions of the River Plate between a Royal Navy schooner and two Spanish small vessels, a privateer sloop and naval felucca, at the mouth of the Paraná Guazú. The encounter took place when the British warship, assisted by two armed boats, was searching for Spanish shipping off Punta Gorda, in the mouth of the Uruguay River.

Punta Gorda, Colonia
Punta Gorda is a landform in Colonia Department, Uruguay.

According to the Treaty between Uruguay and Argentina concerning the Rio de la Plata and the Corresponding Maritime Boundary, it marks the mouths of the Uruguay River on the Río de la Plata.
Peter Propping
Peter Propping (21 December 1942 – 26 April 2016) was a German human geneticist.

The scientific work of Propping spans genetically complex diseases, especially affecting brain function such as alcoholism, manic depressive disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and in addition hereditary cancer predispositions. He also studied the history of human genetics and eugenics. From 1984 to 2008 he was director of the Institute of Human Genetics of the University of Bonn.

German Cancer Aid
The German Cancer Aid (German: Deutsche Krebshilfe) is a not-for-profit organization to fight cancer in all its forms. The institution was founded on September 25, 1974, by Mildred Scheel during the term of her husband, Walter Scheel, as federal president of Germany. It became the leading organization fighting cancer in Europe. From the very beginning, the organization has been supported only by private donors. The German Cancer Aid has remained independent of politics and the pharmacological industry. Mildred Scheel’s credo was: "We are only devoted to fight cancer for the benefit of all people."
Mierendorffplatz (Berlin U-Bahn)
Mierendorffplatz is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn U7 line in Charlottenburg. It was opened on 1 October 1980 with the line's extension from Richard-Wagner-Platz to Rohrdamm. The eponymous square is named after politician and Resistance fighter Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943).
Architect Rümmler designed this station walls like the pattern of a M as in Mierendorffplatz. The next station is Richard Wagner Platz.

Charlottenburg
Charlottenburg (German: [ʃaʁˈlɔtn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Prussia, it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace – the largest surviving such royal palace in Berlin – and the adjacent museums.

Charlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into "Groß-Berlin" (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord.
Eupterote orientalis
Eupterote orientalis is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius, but the year of description is not clear. It is found in Sri Lanka.

Adults are senescent (bronzy) yellow, the forewings with three very prominent oblique, transverse, discal purple brown-speckled bands, the two inner bands linear and curved, the outer one composed of broad lunules. There is an inner series of three less oblique, very indistinct, and sparsely speckled bands. The hindwings have a distinct submarginal broad purple brown-speckled lunular band.

Johan Christian Fabricius
Johann Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in the "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification.