hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Back (horse)
The back is the area of horse anatomy where the saddle goes, and in popular usage extends to include the loin or lumbar region behind the thoracic vertebrae that also is crucial to a horse's weight-carrying ability. These two sections of the vertebral column beginning at the withers, the start of the thoracic vertebrae, and extend to the last lumbar vertebra. Because horses are ridden by humans, the strength and structure of the horse's back is critical to the animal's usefulness.

The thoracic vertebrae are the true "back" vertebral structures of the skeleton, providing the underlying support of the saddle, and the lumbar vertebrae of the loin provide the coupling that joins the back to the hindquarters. Integral to the back structure is the rib cage, which also provides support to the horse and rider. A complex design of bone, muscle, tendons and ligaments all work together to allow a horse to support the weight of a rider.

Tendon
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. It sends the mechanical forces of muscle contraction to the skeletal system, while withstanding tension.

Tendons, like ligaments, are made of collagen. The difference is that ligaments connect bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone. There are about 4,000 tendons in the adult human body.
Ivano Staccioli
Ivano Staccioli (3 January 1927 – 15 July 1995) was an Italian film actor.

Staccioli made 70 appearances between 1960 and 1991, mostly in film. He is best known for his appearances in historical adventures and action or western films in the 1960s. Particularly in the early 1960s he appeared in many gladiatorial films or ancient epics. In 1965 he starred in the western Gold Train and A 008, operazione Sterminio, a spoof of the James Bond genre.

In the mid to late 1960s he was often credited as John Heston for Italian films dubbed for the American audience, particularly his westerns. He also appeared in a number of Italian giallo films, such as Death Walks at Midnight and The Flower with the Petals of Steel.  Two of his last films before retiring were controversial Nazi death camp films, KZ9 and SS Girls, both directed by Bruno Mattei.

Giallo
In Italian cinema, giallo (Italian: [ˈdʒallo]; pl.: gialli; from giallo, lit. 'yellow') is a genre that often contains slasher, thriller, psychological horror, psychological thriller, sexploitation, and, less frequently, supernatural horror elements.

This particular style of Italian-produced murder mystery horror-thriller film usually blends the atmosphere and suspense of thriller fiction with elements of horror fiction (such as slasher violence) and eroticism (similar to the French fantastique genre), and often involves a mysterious killer whose identity is not revealed until the final act of the film. The genre developed in the mid-to-late 1960s, peaked in popularity during the 1970s, and subsequently declined in commercial mainstream filmmaking over the next few decades, though examples continue to be produced. It was a predecessor to, and had significant influence on, the later slasher film genre.
Op. 91
In music, Op. 91 stands for Opus number 91. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Beethoven – Wellington's Victory

Brahms – Two Songs for Voice, Viola and Piano

Britten – Sacred and Profane

Delius – Two Songs to be sung of a summer night on the water

Dvořák – In Nature's Realm

Glière – Horn Concerto

Margola – Cello Concerto

Schumann – Romanzen volume II (6 partsongs for women's voices)

Sibelius – Jäger March (Jääkärimarssi), military march for male choir and orchestra (1917)

Wellington's Victory
Wellington's Victory, or the Battle of Vitoria (also called the Battle Symphony; in German: Wellingtons Sieg oder die Schlacht bei Vittoria), Op. 91, is a 15-minute-long orchestral work composed by Ludwig van Beethoven to commemorate the Marquess (later Duke) of Wellington's victory over Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria in Spain on 21 June 1813 and the German campaign of 1813 in Germany thus ending the rule of Bonaparte's Confederation of the Rhine and the birth of the German Confederation. It is known sometimes as "The Battle Symphony" or "The Battle of Vitoria", and was dedicated to the Prince Regent, later King George IV. Composition stretched from August to first week of October 1813, and the piece proved to be a substantial moneymaker for Beethoven.

The autograph manuscript of the work is preserved in the Berlin State Library.
Princess Antoinette Park
The Princess Antoinette Park on the Boulevard de Jardin Exotique is a municipal park in the Jardin Exotique ward of Monaco. It is named for Princess Antoinette of Monaco, the elder sister of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco. The garden is dedicated to the sacred olive tree.

An annual open air meal in the Princess Antoinette Park is organised by the Municipality of Monaco at the end of June, continuing the Monegasque tradition of picnics.

The famous mini-golf has reopened on 2021 and remains an inescapable place for Monaco families' gathering.

Jardin Exotique, Monaco
Jardin Exotique (French pronunciation: [ʒaʁdɛ̃ ɛɡzɔtik]; Monégasque: Giardi̍n eso̍ticu) is the westernmost ward in the Principality of Monaco. It is incorporated in the traditional quarter of La Condamine.

Jardin Exotique ward was created in 2013, from the Les Révoires and La Colle wards, as part of an overall re-redistricting at that time. The name comes from the exotic gardens located in this ward, the Jardin Exotique de Monaco which has many rare imported plants especially cacti and succulents.
2006 BNP Paribas Masters – Singles
Nikolay Davydenko defeated Dominik Hrbatý in the final, 6–1, 6–2, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2006 Paris Masters.

Tomáš Berdych was the defending champion, but lost to Hrbatý in the quarterfinals.

Dominik Hrbatý
Dominik Hrbatý (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdɔminiɡ ˈɦr̩batiː]; born 4 January 1978) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. Hrbatý reached the semifinals of the 1999 French Open, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 12 in October 2005. Hrbatý is one of only three players, alongside Nick Kyrgios and Lleyton Hewitt, to have beaten each member of the Big Three (Novak Djokovic, Roger Federer, and Rafael Nadal) the first time he played them.

Hrbatý is one of a select few players to have competed on the ATP Tour with a positive winning record against Federer (2–1), Nadal (3–1), and Murray (1–0). Hrbatý's record against Djokovic stands at 1–1 (or 0–1 at tour-level events). Hrbaty, Alex Corretja and Novak Djokovic are the only players to have a winning record over Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal.
Gymnopilus areolatus
Gymnopilus areolatus is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was first formally described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill, from specimens collected in Cuba.

Hymenogastraceae
The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus Psilocybe in the Hymenogastraceae is now restricted to the hallucinogenic species while nonhallucinogenic former species are largely in the genus Deconica classified in the Strophariaceae.

One of the two known species of Wakefieldia has been found recently to belong to this family but formal transfer cannot be made until the phylogeny of the type species of the genus is resolved. Psathyloma, added to the family in 2016, was circumscribed to contain two agarics found in New Zealand.
Serranidae
Serranidae is a family of marine fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family used to contain about 450 species in 65 genera, including some of the sea basses and groupers, but taxonomic revisions split out Epinephelinae (groupers), Grammistini (soapfish),  and Anthiadinae (anthias); as a consequence, this family is now much less speciose. Representatives of this group live in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide.

Saltwater fish
Saltwater fish, also called marine fish or sea fish, are fish that live in seawater. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or in a large group called a school.

Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten, or grown in aquaculture. However, many fish species have been overfished and are otherwise threatened by marine pollution or ecological changes.
Azure Cognitive Search
Microsoft Azure Cognitive Search, formerly known as Azure Search, is a component of the Microsoft Azure Cloud Platform providing indexing and querying capabilities for data uploaded to Microsoft servers. The Search as a service framework is intended to provide developers with complex search capabilities for mobile and web development while hiding infrastructure requirements and search algorithm complexities. Azure Search is a recent addition to Microsoft's Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) approach.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
1366 Technologies
1366 Technologies was a company based in Bedford, Massachusetts that developed a technique to produce silicon wafers by casting them in their ultimate shape directly in a mold, rather than the prevailing standard method in which wafers are cut from a large ingot. In July 2021, the company merged with Dallas-based Hunt Perovskite Technologies to form a new company, CubicPV.  The company's management predicted that the new approach will be able to produce wafers at half the cost of current methods.  The company's name was a reference to the solar constant, representing the watts of solar energy that hits each square meter outside of Earth's atmosphere.

Wafer (electronics)
In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells.

The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon the wafer. It undergoes many microfabrication processes, such as doping, ion implantation, etching, thin-film deposition of various materials, and photolithographic patterning. Finally, the individual microcircuits are separated by wafer dicing and packaged as an integrated circuit.
Caleb Young
Caleb Young is an American conductor. During his career, he has participated as a conductor at the Columbus Symphony Orchestra, Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Minnesota Orchestra, Oregon Symphony, Russian National Orchestra, Salzburg Festival, and Toledo Symphony Orchestra.

Detroit Symphony Orchestra
The Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO) is an American orchestra based in Detroit, Michigan. Its primary performance venue is Orchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music Center in Detroit's Midtown neighborhood. Jader Bignamini is the current music director of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, with Enrico Lopez-Yañez as Principal Pops Conductor, Tabita Berglund as Principal Guest Conductor and Na'Zir McFadden as assistant conductor. Leonard Slatkin, the previous music director, is the orchestra's current music director laureate. Neeme Järvi, music director from 1990 to 2005, is the orchestra's current music director emeritus.
NNS Thunder
NNS Thunder (F90) is a Hamilton-class High Endurance Cutter of the Nigerian Navy. Originally USCGC Chase (WHEC-718) of the United States Coast Guard, she was laid down on October 26, 1966, at Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans, launched on May 20, 1967, and commissioned on March 11, 1968. The ship is the fourth of twelve Hamilton class, 378-foot (115 m) cutters, and the third cutter named in honor of Salmon Portland Chase. She was decommissioned on March 29, 2011, and transferred to the Nigerian Navy as an excess defense article under the Foreign Assistance Act.

Avondale Shipyard
Avondale Shipyard was an independent shipbuilding company, acquired by Litton Industries, in turn acquired by Northrop Grumman Corporation. In 2011, along with the former Ingalls Shipbuilding, the yard was part of Huntington Ingalls Industries. It closed in October 2014. The yard was located on the west bank of the Mississippi River in an area called Bridge City, about 20 miles (32 km) upriver from New Orleans near Westwego, Louisiana. It was the site of the modernization of the battleship USS Iowa in the early 1980s and also constructed some of the lighter aboard ships (LASH). At one time, it was the largest employer in  Louisiana, with about 26,000 employees.
Gulden Draak
Gulden Draak (Dutch for Golden Dragon) is a dark Belgian beer with high alcohol by volume (10.5%), brewed by Brouwerij Van Steenberge in Ertvelde, East Flanders. It is named after the golden dragon at the top of the belfry in Ghent.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
The Walt Disney Company Iberia
The Walt Disney Company Iberia is one subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company EMEA, one of The Walt Disney Company's international divisions. It is responsible for the Disney brand and its businesses throughout the region. It has offices in Portugal and Spain.

The company owns and operates the Portuguese versions of Disney Channel, Disney Jr. and National Geographic, and the Spanish versions of Disney Jr. and National Geographic. The Walt Disney Company Iberia also produces content as well with other media companies.

On 27 November 2024, Disney announced the closure of Disney Channel in Spain on 7 January 2025. In Portugal, the channel will continue to operate.

National Geographic Wild (Europe)
National Geographic Wild is (was) a Pan-European pay television channel that featured documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. It featured documentaries about nature, wildlife, natural phenomenon, and earth. The channel replaced Adventure One in Europe on 1 March 2007.
USS Tulsa (PG-22)
USS Tulsa (PG-22), nicknamed the Galloping Ghost of the South China Coast, was an Asheville-class gunboat of the United States Navy that was in commission from 1923 to 1946. She was named after the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the county seat of Tulsa County.

Tulsa County, Oklahoma
Tulsa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279, making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state. Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area. Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.
Ridzuan Hashim
Ridzuan bin Hashim is a Malaysian politician (born 7 January 1972) who has served as Deputy Member of the Terengganu State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) under Menteri Besar Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar and Member Mohd Nor Hamzah since May 2018 as well as Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Buluh Gading since May 2018. He served as the MLA for Teluk Pasu from May 2013 to May 2018. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the PN and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions.

Terengganu State Executive Council
The Terengganu State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Government of Terengganu, Malaysia. The Council comprises the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly, a number of members made up of members of the Assembly, the State Secretary, the State Legal Adviser and the State Financial Officer.

This Council is similar in structure and role to the Cabinet of Malaysia, while being smaller in size. As federal and state responsibilities differ, there are a number of portfolios that differ between the federal and state governments.

Members of the Council are selected by the Menteri Besar, appointed by the Sultan. The Council has no ministry, but instead a number of committees; each committee will take care of certain state affairs, activities and departments. Members of the Council are always the chair of a committee.
Hideki Murai
Hideki Murai (村井 英樹, Murai Hideki; born 14 May 1980) is a Japanese politician who served as Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary from 2023 to 2024. A member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has represented Saitama 1st district in the House of Representatives since 2012.

Born in Saitama Prefecture and educated at the University of Tokyo, Murai was an official in the Ministry of Finance before entering politics.

Saitama Prefecture
Saitama Prefecture (埼玉県, Saitama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 (January 1, 2020) and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi). Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast.

Saitama is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kawaguchi, Kawagoe, and Tokorozawa.
Bijou (cocktail)
A bijou is a mixed alcoholic drink composed of gin, vermouth, and Chartreuse. This cocktail was invented by Harry Johnson, "the father of professional bartending", who called it bijou because it combined the colors of three jewels: gin for diamond, vermouth for ruby, and Chartreuse for emerald. An original-style bijou is made stirred with ice as Johnson's 1900 New and Improved Bartender Manual states "mix well with a spoon and serve." This recipe is also one of the oldest in the manual, dating back to the 1890s.

The bijou was popular for several decades. Unlike the Manhattan and the martini, however, the bijou disappeared after Prohibition. It was rediscovered by "the King of Cocktails" Dale DeGroff in the 1980s, when he stumbled upon the recipe in Johnson's book. While the original cocktail had equal parts of the three ingredients, DeGroff tripled the ratio of gin to vermouth and Chartreuse to soften the taste profile. Eventually, his recipe became the standard.

Dale DeGroff
Dale DeGroff (born September 21, 1948), also known as "the King of Cocktails" or "King Cocktail", is an American bartender and author. The New York Times in 2015 called DeGroff "one of the world's foremost cocktail experts", and wrote that his book The Craft of the Cocktail is considered an essential bartending reference.
Nick Leslau
Nick Leslau (born 18 August 1959) is an English commercial property investor and the chairman and chief executive of Prestbury Investment Holdings Limited, and chairman of Prestbury Investments LLP.  He is a 30 percent shareholder in Prestbury's AIM listed Secure Income REIT. He has an estimated net worth of £200 million.   Secure Income REIT owns 20 private hospitals and 55 Travelodge hotels in the UK.

Private hospital
A private hospital is a hospital not owned by the government, including for-profit and non-profit hospitals. Funding is by patients themselves ("self-pay"), by insurers, or by foreign embassies. Private hospitals are commonly part, albeit in varying degrees, of the majority of healthcare systems around the world.
Aftenposten
Aftenposten (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈɑ̂ftn̩ˌpɔstn̩]; transl. "The Evening Post"; stylized as Aftenpoſten in the masthead) is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation as well as Norway's newspaper of record. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 daily copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million readers. It converted from broadsheet to compact format in March 2005. Aftenposten's online edition is at Aftenposten.no.

Aftenposten is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA. Norway's second largest newspaper, VG, is also owned by Schibsted. Norwegian owners held a 42% of the shares in Schibsted at the end of 2015.

The paper has around 240 employees. Trine Eilertsen was appointed editor-in-chief in 2020.

Aftenposten has correspondents based in Kyiv, Brussels, Washington D.C, Moscow and Istanbul (2025).

Nameplate (publishing)
The nameplate (American English) or masthead (British English) of a newspaper or periodical is its designed title as it appears on the front page or cover. Another very common term for it in the newspaper industry is "the flag". It is part of the publication's branding, with a specific font and, usually, color. It may include other details besides the name, such as ornamentation, a subtitle, or motto. For example, the masthead of The Times of London includes the British Royal Arms between the words "The" and "Times". Another example is the masthead of Daily Record of Scotland, which includes an ornamental lion in the "rampant" attitude to the right of the word "Daily".
Henri-Fr.-M.-P. Derouet
Henri-François-Marie-Pierre Derouet was a 20th-century Bishop of Arras, France from 1985 to 1998.

Derouet was born on 28 November 1922  in Loiré, Maine-et-Loire.  He was a French prelate who was Bishop of Arras.

He was ordained a priest on 26 June 1948 and was vicar of the parish of Saint-Serge in Angers. After this he became a teacher at the Lycée Notre-Dame de Bonnes Nouvelles in Angers and subsequently superior of the Our Lady of Good News in Beaupréau from 1960 to 1970. In 1970, he became Bishop of Choletais and Bishop of Séez on 24 July 1971. On 10 October 1985, he became Bishop of Arras.

He was also member of the Standing Council of the French Episcopate from 1978 to 1984 and president of the Episcopal Commission of the Independent Milieus from 1985 to 1991, president of the Episcopal Commission of the Maritime World from 1992 to 1997 and then the head of Pax Christi from 1998 to 2001.

He died on 4 July 2004.

Cholet Agglomération
Cholet Agglomération (before August 2023: Agglomération du Choletais) is the intercommunal structure gathering the city of Cholet and its suburbs.

It is located in the Maine-et-Loire département, in the Pays de la Loire région (France). It was formed on 1 January 2017 by the merger of the former Communauté d'agglomération du Choletais, the Communauté de communes du Bocage and the Communauté de communes du Vihiersois-Haut-Layon. Its area is 788.0 km2. Its population was 104,382 in 2018, of which 54,186 in Cholet proper.