hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culla
Culla is a municipality in the comarca of Alt Maestrat, Castellón, Valencia, Spain.

The town is located on a 1,121 m high mountain, right to the SE of the town rises the 1,090 m high Tossal de la Serrà and further away the 1,087 m high Esparreguera, the tallest summit of the Serra d'Esparreguera. Nearby Montlleó River hides canyons only accessible from Culla.

Culla has a population of 633 inhabitants.

Province of Castellón
Castellón (Spanish: Provincia de Castellón [kasteˈʎon]); Valencian: Província de Castelló [kasteˈʎo]) is a province in the northern part of the Valencian Community. It is bordered by the provinces of Valencia to the south, Teruel to the west, Tarragona to the north, and by the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The western side of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area. It has a population of 627,620.
Michigan Legislature
The Michigan Legislature is the legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is organized as a bicameral body composed of the Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of Representatives (the lower chamber). Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The chief purposes of the Legislature are to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws. The Legislature meets in the Capitol building in Lansing.

The 103rd Michigan Legislature was sworn in on January 11, 2025.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Morganucodonta
Morganucodonta ("Glamorgan teeth") is an extinct order of basal Mammaliaformes, a group including crown-group mammals (Mammalia) and their close relatives. Their remains have been found in Southern Africa, Western Europe, North America, India and China. The morganucodontans were probably insectivorous and nocturnal, though like eutriconodonts some species attained large sizes and were carnivorous. Nocturnality is believed to have evolved in the earliest mammals in the Triassic (called the nocturnal bottleneck) as a specialisation that allowed them to exploit a safer, night-time niche, while most larger predators were likely to have been active during the day (though some dinosaurs, for example, were nocturnal as well).

Nocturnal bottleneck
The nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis is an evolutionary biology hypothesis to explain the origin of several mammalian traits. In 1942, Gordon Lynn Walls described this concept which states that placental mammals were mainly or even exclusively nocturnal through most of their evolutionary history, from their origin 225 million years ago during the Late Triassic to after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, 66 million years ago. While some mammalian groups later adapted to diurnal (daytime) lifestyles to fill niches newly vacated by the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs, the approximately 160 million years spent as nocturnal animals has left a lasting legacy on basal mammalian anatomy and physiology, and most mammals are still nocturnal.
Avigliana railway station
Avigliana railway station (Italian: Stazione di Avigliana) serves the town and comune of Avigliana, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. The station is located on the Turin-Modane railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.

Turin–Modane railway
The Turin–Modane railway is the international rail connection from Turin, Italy to Modane, France.  It passes through the Susa Valley and the Fréjus Rail Tunnel. Together with the French Culoz–Modane railway it is often called "Fréjus Railway" or "Mont Cenis Railway". A major landslide in August 2023 forced its closure for over a year.

Despite running under the Fréjus Pass, it is sometimes called the Mont Cenis Railway because, from antiquity until the Fréjus Rail Tunnel was opened in 1871, most people used the Mont Cenis Pass to get between France and Italy. From 1868 to 1871 the temporary Mont Cenis Pass Railway ran over the Mont Cenis pass to link the French and Italian railways.
Prodoxus atascosanellus
Prodoxus atascosanellus is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. It is found from the Houston area of coastal Texas in the United States, south to the Mexican state of Michoacán, and west to the state of Durango.

The wingspan is 8.6-10.8 mm for males and 9.1-12.5 mm for females. Adults are on wing from mid February to May.

The larvae feed on Yucca treculeana, Yucca filifera and Yucca decipiens.

Yucca treculiana
Yucca treculiana Carrière is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Texas, southern New Mexico, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Common names include Spanish dagger, Spanish bayonet, Trecul's Yucca, and Don Quixote's lance.

Yucca treculiana is a large, tree-like species up to 10 m (33 feet) tall, often branching above the ground. Leaves are up to 128 cm (50 inches) long. Flowers are cream-colored, sometimes tinged with purple. Fruits are fleshy and succulent, up to 19 cm (7.5 inches) long.

In the last three generations, it has experienced a population decline of 30 percent, attributable due to habitat loss.

Some sources list this species as "Yucca spinosa Kunth."  However, the type specimen for this name at the herbarium in Berlin appears to be Dasylirion sp., thus rendering the name a "nomen confusum."
Armenian Cycling Federation
The Armenian Cycling Federation (Armenian: Հայաստանի հեծանվային մարզաձևերի ֆեդերացիա) is the national governing body of cycle racing in Armenia. It is a member of the International Cycling Union and the European Cycling Union.

The federation operates the Yerevan Velodrome, where its headquarters are located. Armenian track cyclist Edgar Stepanyan competed successfully at the 2015 and 2018 European Track Championships, where he won two gold medals at the junior and under-23 level.

2018 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)
The 2018 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior) is the 18th continental championships for European under-23 and junior track cyclists, and the 9th since the event was renamed following the reorganisation of European track cycling in 2010. The event took place at the World Cycling Centre in Aigle, Switzerland from 21 to 26 August 2018.
P. N. Menon (director)
Palissery Narayanankutty Menon alias P. N. Menon (2 January 1926 – 9 September 2008) was an Indian film director and art director in the Malayalam cinema. He is also famous as the Designer of Promotional Posters. Menon was also the uncle of another popular film director Bharathan, being the younger brother of the latter's father. In 2001, he was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Srednje Arto
Srednje Arto (pronounced [ˈsɾeːdnjɛ ˈaːɾtɔ]; German: Mitterarto) is a small settlement in the hills above the right bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Tell the Girl
"Tell the Girl" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Duane Steele. It was released in 1997 as the first single from his second studio album, This Is the Life. It peaked at number 9 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in December 1997.

Duane Steele
Duane Björklund (born 1968) known professionally as Duane Steele,  is a Canadian country music artist. He has released five studio albums and one greatest hits album, and has charted multiple singles on the Canadian country singles charts, including the Number One hit "Anita Got Married" in 1996. A new album entitled "Drive On" was released in 2019.
Aoba Sho
The Aoba Sho (Japanese 青葉賞) is a Japanese Grade 2 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. It is run over a distance of 2400 metres at Tokyo Racecourse in April.

The Aoba Sho was first run in 1984 and was elevated to Grade 3 status in 1994 before being promoted to Grade 2 in 2001. It serves as a trial race for the Tokyo Yushun, held in late May or early June. The Aoba Sho winner and second-placed horse are each awarded a slot for the race.

Among the winners of the race have been Symboli Kris S, Zenno Rob Roy and Fenomeno.

Zenno Rob Roy
Zenno Rob Roy (ゼンノロブロイ, Zenno Robu Roi) (27 March 2000 – 2 September 2022) was a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from February 2003 until December 2005, he ran twenty times, winning seven races and being placed on ten further occasions. As a three-year-old in 2003, he won two Group 2 races and finished second in the Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby). His greatest success came as a four-year-old the following year when he was named Japanese Horse of the Year after winning the three all-aged Group One races which comprise Japan's Autumn Triple Crown: the Autumn Tenno Sho, the Japan Cup, and the Arima Kinen. In 2005, he failed to win but was placed in the International Stakes in Britain as well as in the Tenno Sho and Japan Cup. He was then retired to stud where he had success as a sire of winners.
Hollywood Rock
Hollywood Rock was a music festival which took place in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, from 1988 to 1996, featuring both Brazilian and international acts. The festival was sponsored and organised by the Souza Cruz tobacco company, owners of the Hollywood cigarette brand, taking its name from an unrelated festival that occurred in 1975 with an all-Brazilian lineup. After a law was passed by the Senate of Brazil prohibiting tobacco and alcohol companies from sponsoring cultural and sporting events, the festival was cancelled. The festival did not happen in 1989 or 1991 (the latter because of Rock in Rio 2 happening at around the same time in Rio de Janeiro).

Cidade Negra
Cidade Negra (Portuguese: Black City) is a Brazilian reggae band formed in 1986 in Rio de Janeiro. Their style is influenced by soul and rock music. Common themes of Cidade Negra songs include love and social issues.
School of Visual Arts v. Kuprewicz
School of Visual Arts v. Diane Kuprewicz, 771 N.Y.S.2d 804 (2003), is a New York Supreme Court case in which it was held that sending and/or directing "large volumes of unsolicited job applications and pornographic e-mails" by defendant to plaintiff if it depletes hard disk space, drains processing power, and negatively impacts other system resources of the plaintiff is sufficient to establish "a cause of action for trespass to chattels." The ruling has been followed and cited in a number of cases in different jurisdictions.

Defendant
In court proceedings, a defendant is a person or object who is the party either accused of committing a crime in criminal prosecution or against whom some type of civil relief is being sought in a civil case.

Terminology varies from one jurisdiction to another. In Scots law, the terms "accused" or "panel" are used instead in criminal proceedings and "defender" in civil proceedings. Another term in use is "respondent".
Claude Chappe
Claude Chappe (French: [klod ʃap]; 25 December 1763 – 23 January 1805) was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. His system consisted of a series of towers, each within line of sight of others, each supporting a wooden mast with two crossarms on pivots that could be placed in various positions. The operator in a tower moved the arms to a sequence of positions, spelling out text messages in semaphore code. The operator in the next tower read the message through a telescope, then passed it on to the next tower. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Bolner's Fiesta Products
Bolner's Fiesta Products is a spice company based out of San Antonio, Texas.

The company was founded in 1955 by Clifton Bolner, focusing primarily on Tex-Mex and Mexican spices.  The spices are a well known staple across Texas kitchens.

In 2014, the brand was named a Texas treasure, recognized as a "historic Texas business".

Tex-Mex
Tex-Mex cuisine (derived from the words Texas and Mexico) is a regional American cuisine that originates from the culinary creations of Tejano people inspired in Mexican culinary traditions. It has spread from border states such as Texas and others in the Southwestern United States to the rest of the country. It is a subtype of Southwestern cuisine found in the American Southwest.
Kantri
Kantri (Telugu: కంత్రి, lit. 'Cunning') is a 2008 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film written and directed by Meher Ramesh and produced by C. Ashwini Dutt under Vyjayanthi Movies. The film stars N. T. Rama Rao Jr. in the lead role, alongside Hansika Motwani and Tanishaa, Prakash Raj, Ashish Vidyarthi, Mukesh Rishi, Sayaji Shinde and Kota Srinivasa Rao.

The film follows Kranthi (N. T. Rama Rao Jr. ), an orphan, who shoots to success in the underworld and becomes crime lord PR's (Prakash Raj) blue-eyed boy. But his meteoric rise hides a secret mission, to destroy the empire from within.

The film was initially scheduled to release on 28 April 2008. However, it was released 12 days later. The film was released on 9 May 2008. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews and underperformed at the box office. Kantri is also the first Indian film to feature a 3D animated character based on an actor.

Organised crime in India
There is no firm data to indicate the number of organised criminal gangs operating in India, their membership, their modus operandi, and the areas of their operations. Their structure and leadership patterns may not strictly fall in line with the classical Sicilian Mafia.

Indian organized crime is also prevalent outside of India, mainly in western countries such as Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In Canada Indian organized crime groups have been involved in extortion, targeted violence and terrorism. The ongoing diplomatic row between Canada and India is in relation to this. Unrelated to the established crime groups in India, are there also crime groups of Indian-origin engaging in criminal activities such as drugtrafficking, extortion, smuggling and money laundering in Canada and the United Kingdom.
Joosep
Joosep is an Estonian masculine given name, a version of Joseph.

People named Joosep include:

Joosep Matjus (born 1984), Estonian documentary filmmaker

Joosep Saat (1900–1977), Estonian communist politician, journalist and academic

Joosep Toome (born 1985), Estonian basketball player

Joosep Vau (born 1989), birth name of PK (musician), Estonian alternative new school hip-hop and Emo rap artist

Mihkel Joosep (born 1957), Estonian cyclist

Fictional characters

Joosep Toots, one of the main character from Oskar Luts's novels Kevade, Suvi and Sügis and their film adaptions (Spring).

Joosep Rääk, the main character of the 2007 Estonian movie about school violence The Class, directed by Ilmar Raag

Joosep Matjus
Joosep Matjus (born 14 June 1984, Elva) is an Estonian film director, cinematographer and scenarist. Matjus is most widely known as a documentary filmmaker.

He is studied at Baltic Film and Media School.
James Matheson (composer)
James Matheson (born 1970 in Des Moines, Iowa) is an American composer. His works have been commissioned and performed by the Albany Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic,  Borromeo String Quartet, Carnegie Hall and the St. Lawrence String Quartet. In December 2011, he received the Charles Ives Living from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, an award providing him with $100,000 for two years (2012-2014). Previously, he received the Academy’s Goddard Lieberson Fellowship in 2008 and Hinrichsen Award in 2002. He has also received awards from the Civitella Ranieri, Bogliasco and Sage Foundations, ASCAP, and the Robbins Prize. He was executive director of the MATA Festival of New Music in New York from 2005-2007 and has been a fellow at the Aspen Music Festival. Since September 2009, he has been the director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic’s Composer Fellowship Program.

Los Angeles Philharmonic
The Los Angeles Philharmonic (LA Phil) is an American orchestra based in Los Angeles, California. The orchestra holds a regular concert season from October until June at the Walt Disney Concert Hall and a summer season at the Hollywood Bowl from July until September. Gustavo Dudamel is the current music director, while Esa-Pekka Salonen serves as conductor laureate, and Zubin Mehta as conductor emeritus. John Adams is the orchestra’s current composer-in-residence, holding the title of "creative chair."

Since the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall on October 23, 2003, the Los Angeles Philharmonic has presented 57 world premieres, one North American premiere, and 26 U.S. premieres, and has commissioned or co-commissioned 63 new works.  The orchestra's former chief executive officer, Deborah Borda, has said, "Our intention has been to integrate 21st-century music into the orchestra's everyday activity, especially since we moved into the new hall".
Police Magistrates, Metropolis Act 1833
The Police Magistrates, Metropolis Act 1833  (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 19) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, granted royal assent on 18 June 1833. It continued the police offices set up in 1792, particularly that at Wapping, laying the ground for that court and the River Police's incorporation into the new Metropolitan Police as Thames Division in 1839 and the evolution of the police offices into police courts and later magistrates courts.

Bow Street Runners
The Bow Street Runners were the law enforcement officers of the Bow Street Magistrates' Court in the City of Westminster. They have been called London's first professional police force. The force originally numbered six men and was founded in 1749 by magistrate Henry Fielding, who was also well known as an author. His assistant, brother, and successor as magistrate, John Fielding, moulded the constables into a professional and effective force. Bow Street Runners was the public's nickname for the officers although the officers did not use the term themselves and considered  it derogatory. The group was disbanded in 1839 and its personnel merged with the Metropolitan Police, which had been formed ten years earlier but the London metropolitan detective bureau trace their origins back from there.
The brothers set up
horse patrols in 1753 which made their group much more advanced.
American Mineralogist
American Mineralogist: An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the general fields of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology. It is an official journal of the Mineralogical Society of America, publishing both subscription and open access articles. The journal is a hybrid open-access journal. The editors-in-chief are Hongwu Xu (Los Alamos National Laboratory), and Don Baker (McGill University).

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Roman Smirnov (sprinter)
Roman Petrovich Smirnov (born 2 September 1984) is a Russian sprinter who specializes in the 200 metres. His personal best time is 20.57 seconds, achieved in June 2008 in Chania. He also has 10.38 seconds in the 100 metres, achieved in June 2008 in Zhukovsky; and 6.74 seconds in the 60 metres, achieved in December 2005 in Omsk.

He was born in Leningrad. He won the silver medal at the 2003 European Junior Championships, and competed at the 2002 World Junior Championships, the 2006 European Championships and the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final round.

Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast
Zhukovsky (Russian: Жуковский, Russian pronunciation: [ʐʊˈkofskʲɪj]) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Moskva River, 40 kilometers (25 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population:  104,736 (2010 Census); 101,328 (2002 Census); 100,609 (1989 Soviet census).
Jonathan Henry (politician)
Jonathan "Jon" Allen Henry is an American politician who has served as a Republican member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 54th district since 2024.

Henry served as mayor of Artesia and an Eddy County Commissioner.

New Mexico House of Representatives
The New Mexico House of Representatives (Spanish: Cámara de representantes de Nuevo México) is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature.

There are 70 members of the House. Each member represents roughly 25,980 residents of New Mexico.

The most recent elections were held on November 5, 2024. During that election the Republican Party of New Mexico picked up one seat.