hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ciputra Artpreneur
Ciputra Artpreneur is a  multi-disciplinary arts venue located in Kuningan, Jakarta. It offers a 1,141-seat international standard theater, a multi-function hall accommodating up to 2,000 guests, and Dr. (HC) Ir. Ciputra’s private museum, which displays 32 paintings and 18 sketches of Hendra Gunawan. The artpreneur is often used for hosting exhibitions, conferences, concerts, weddings, product launches, awarding nights, business dinners, fashion show, and theatrical performances.

Kuningan
Kuningan (Sundanese: ᮊᮥᮔᮤᮍᮔ᮪) is a town (kelurahan) and an administrative district (kecamatan) located in eastern West Java, Indonesia, between Cirebon and Tasikmalaya, about 200 km east of Jakarta. It is the administrative center of Kuningan Regency. The district is located east of Mount Cereme/Ciremai (3.078 m), the highest mountain in West Java. The eastern part of the district is a valley. The district's landmark is a statue of a horse, called Kuda Kuningan and its motto is Kuningan Aman (Safe) Sehat (Healthy) Rindang (Leafy) Indah (Beautiful), abbreviated as Kuningan ASRI.
Mahlon Black
Mahlon Black (October 4, 1820 – October 25, 1901) was an American politician and soldier.

Black was born in Hamilton County, Ohio. Black served in the House of Representatives of the 1st Minnesota Territorial Legislature in 1849, the 3rd Minnesota Territorial Legislature in 1852, and the 8th Minnesota Territorial Legislature in 1857. Following his time in the statehouse, he was postmaster in Stillwater, Minnesota from 1857 to 1861, and mayor between 1860 and 1861.

During the Civil War, he served in the 2nd Company of Minnesota Sharpshooters.

3rd Minnesota Territorial Legislature
The third Minnesota Territorial Legislature first convened on January 7, 1852. The 9 members of the Minnesota Territorial Council and the 18 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives were elected during the General Election of October 14, 1851.
The Mandela Catalogue
The Mandela Catalogue is a 2021 analog horror web series created by American YouTuber Alex Kister. It is set in the fictional Mandela County in the United States that is invaded by otherworldly entities called Alternates that psychologically torture their victims with the ultimate goal of assuming their identities as doppelgängers. The series became popular online, in part due to reaction videos and story analyses of it by internet users and YouTubers.

Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936 film)
Little Lord Fauntleroy is a 1936 American drama film based on the 1886 novel of the same name by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The film stars Freddie Bartholomew, Dolores Costello, and C. Aubrey Smith. The first film produced by David O. Selznick's Selznick International Pictures, it was the studio's most profitable film until Gone with the Wind. The film is directed by John Cromwell.

The film was critically well received and is now in the public domain. In 2012 it was released on Blu-ray Disc by Kino Lorber, following a restoration by the George Eastman House Motion Picture Department.
Susan Lovett
Susan Thomas Lovett is an American molecular biologist who is the Abraham S. and Gertrude Burg Professor of Microbiology at Brandeis University. She is interested in the mechanisms that allow the genetic material in cells to remain stable over time.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
Sébastien Le Balp
Sébastien Le Balp (born 1639, Kergloff, died 1675) was a Breton politician. In 1664 he was royal notary at Carhaix, and he later became one of the leaders of the Revolt of the Papier Timbré in the Poher region of Cornouaille in July and August 1675.

When the revolt won over Lower Brittany, Le Balp organised it. At the start of September 1675, he and six hundred Bonnets Rouges besieged and pillaged château du Tymeur and burned all its papers and archives.

Le Balp mobilised the peasants and tried to maximize their efforts, but he was killed by a surprise sword thrust from his prisoner Charles Maurice de Percin, marquis de Montgaillard, on the night of 3 September, on the eve of the planned uprising.

Lower Brittany
Lower Brittany (Breton: Breizh-Izel; French: Basse-Bretagne) denotes the parts of Brittany west of Ploërmel, where the Breton language has been traditionally spoken, and where the culture associated with this language is most prolific. The name is in distinction to Upper Brittany, the eastern part of Brittany, which is of a predominantly Romance culture.
2018 Monte-Carlo Masters – Singles
Two-time defending champion Rafael Nadal defeated Kei Nishikori in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2018 Monte-Carlo Masters. It was his record-extending 11th Monte-Carlo Masters title and his record 31st Masters title. Nadal also became the first man in the Open Era to win 11 titles at the same tournament. By winning the title, Nadal also retained the ATP no. 1 singles ranking. He did not lose a single set during the tournament, losing no more than 5 games per match, and lost just 21 games in total.

Mirza Bašić
Mirza Bašić (Bosnian pronunciation: [bâʃitɕ]; born 12 July 1991) is a Bosnian professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 74, achieved on 19 February 2018 and a best doubles ranking of No. 203, achieved on 28 January 2019.

Bašić has won one ATP Tour singles title at the 2018 Sofia Open. He is a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Davis Cup team.
Chililabombwe
Chililabombwe (formerly named Bancroft) is a small town in Copperbelt Province, Zambia. It is located near the Democratic Republic of the Congo border. The name Chililabombwe means 'place of the croaking frog' in the local language of Lamba. The town has a population of 87 000 based on census data from 2010, making it one of the largest towns in the Copperbelt. The town is on the T3 road, 20 km north of the neighbouring town of Chingola, and approximately 17 km south of the large border market of Kasumbalesa. The town's main economic activity is copper mining.

Chililabombwe District also has small communities like Konkola. Konkola town is the home of Konkola Copper Mine.

Lamba language
Lamba is a language found in Zambia and is commonly spoken in the Copperbelt. There are about 210,000 native speakers in the northern parts of Zambia and southern fringes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lamba is also spoken in Lusaka, mainly because many speakers have migrated there for jobs. Lamba is a Bantu language. (In fact, "mu ntu" means "one person" in Lamba and "ba ntu" means "two or more people".) Depending on who does the counting, Zambia has between 42 and 78 local languages besides English – see Languages of Zambia for further details.

Maho (2009) lists the Lima (Bulima) and Temba varieties as distinct languages.
Hildebrand de Hemptinne
Hildebrand de Hemptinne (10 June 1849 – 13 August 1913) was a Belgian Benedictine monk of Beuron Archabbey, the second Abbot of Maredsous Abbey, and the first Abbot Primate of the Benedictine Confederation.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Kanalichhina Assembly constituency
Kanalichhina Legislative Assembly constituency was one of the seventy electoral Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand state in India. It was abolished in 2012 following the delimitation.

Kanalichhina Legislative Assembly constituency was a part of Almora (Lok Sabha constituency).

Almora Lok Sabha constituency
Almora Lok Sabha constituency is one of the five Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttarakhand. This constituency came into existence in 1952, following the delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies. It comprises four districts namely Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat and Pithoragarh. Since 2009, this constituency is reserved for the Scheduled Caste candidates.
Russell Tuttle
Russell Howard Tuttle (born August 18, 1939) is a distinguished primate morphologist, paleoanthropologist, and a four-field (linguistics, archaeology, sociocultural anthropology and biological anthropology) trained Anthropologist. He is currently an active Professor of Anthropology, Evolutionary Biology, History of Science and Medicine at the University of Chicago. Tuttle was enlisted by Mary Leakey to analyze the 3.4-million-year-old footprints she discovered in Laetoli, Tanzania. He determined that the creatures that left these prints walked bipedally in a fashion almost identical to human beings. He currently lives in Chicago, Illinois.

Tuttle was named Guggenheim Fellow in 1985 and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2003. In 2006, he received the Quantrell Award.

Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This subfield of anthropology systematically studies human beings from a biological perspective.
Raj Reddy
Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (born 13 June 1937) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He is one of the early pioneers of artificial intelligence and has served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon for over 50 years. He was the founding director of the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. He was instrumental in helping to create Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies in India, to cater to the educational needs of the low-income, gifted, rural youth. He was the founding chairman of International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad. He and Edward Feigenbaum won the 1994 ACM Turing Award, sometimes known as the Nobel Prize of computer science, for their work in the field of artificial intelligence. Reddy was the first person of Asian origin to receive the Turing Award.

Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Basara
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Basara (RGUKT, Basara) sometimes referred as IIIT Basara is a state university in Basara, Nirmal district, Telangana, India. The university offers Undergraduate and Post Graduate degrees in various technology programmes.
Johann Ritter von Oppolzer
Johann Ritter von Oppolzer (4 August 1808 – 16 April 1871) was a physician born in Nové Hrady, Bohemia. He was the father of the astronomer Theodor von Oppolzer (1841–1886).

In 1835 he earned his medical doctorate at the University of Prague, and later worked as a university professor at Prague (from 1841), Leipzig (from 1848) and Vienna (from 1850), where he also served as rector in 1860/61. In 1863, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Oppolzer was an advocate of holistic diagnostics and therapy in his approach to medicine. He was also an important influence in the career of renowned otologist Adam Politzer.

Holism
Holism is the interdisciplinary idea that systems possess properties as wholes apart from the properties of their component parts.
The aphorism "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", typically attributed to Aristotle, is often given as a summary of this proposal. The concept of holism can inform the methodology for a broad array of scientific fields and lifestyle practices. When applications of holism are said to reveal properties of a whole system beyond those of its parts, these qualities are referred to as emergent properties of that system. Holism in all contexts is often placed in opposition to reductionism, a dominant notion in the philosophy of science that systems containing parts contain no unique properties beyond those parts. Proponents of holism consider the search for emergent properties within systems to be demonstrative of their perspective.
February 1867 North German federal election
Elections to the Constituent Reichstag of the North German Confederation were held on 12 February 1867, with run-off elections during the following weeks. The National Liberal Party emerged as the largest party, winning 80 seats and receiving strong support in Hanover, Kassel and Nassau. Voter turnout was around 65% in Prussian constituencies. After the Constituent Reichstag had drawn up and agreed a constitution, fresh elections were held in August.

Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate
Nassau (/ˈnæsɔː/ NASS-aw, also UK: /ˈnæsaʊ/ NASS-ow, US: /ˈnɑːsaʊ/ NAHSS-ow, German: [ˈnasaʊ] ⓘ) is a town located in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It lies on the lower course of the Lahn River, on the mouth of the Mühlbach, between Limburg an der Lahn and the spa town of Bad Ems, and is located in the Nassau Nature Park, surrounded by the Westerwald to the north and the Taunus to the south. The town is on the German-Dutch holiday road, the Orange Route. As of 2021, it had a population of 4,592.

As location of Nassau Castle and the former Stein and Heidenpütz castles, Nassau gave its name to the wider region surrounding it as well as to a prominent aristocratic dynasty, and through it, directly or indirectly to numerous other things worldwide, including a sovereign state; a Prussian province; the Dutch royal house; the Luxembourgish ducal house; the capital of the Bahamas; one of the Cook Islands; and in the US, a county in Florida and a county in New York.
Clémence Boudin
Clémence Boudin (born 1 June 2008) is a French ice hockey player who plays as a forward. She has represented France internationally at both junior and senior levels, including in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2026 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics took place in Milan, Italy, between 5 and 19 February 2026. Ten countries qualified for the tournament; six via ranking by the IIHF, three via qualification tournaments, and Italy as hosts. Russia and Belarus were banned from competing due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine; players from those two countries were also disallowed from competing under the banner of "Individual Neutral Athletes" (AIN) like those athletes in other Olympic team events.

Canada were the defending champions, having won in 2022. The United States won the gold medal by defeating Canada 2–1 in OT in the gold medal game. Switzerland won the bronze medal for the second time in history.
Oomen
Oomen is a Dutch-language surname, derived from the word oom, meaning uncle. An alternative origin may be the given name "Omaar". People with this surname include:

Erica Oomen (born 1950s), Dutch track racing cyclist

Ria Oomen-Ruijten (born 1950), Dutch CDA politician and MEP

Sam Oomen (born 1995), Dutch road racing cyclist

Wilhelm Josef Oomens (1918–2008), Dutch Jesuit and painter

Wilhelm Josef Oomens
Wilhelm Josef Oomens SJ (1918 – 2007) was a Dutch Jesuit priest and painter who was a pastor in Germany. In 1949, he entered the congregation of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). He was the longstanding director of the centre of orientation and cultural studies in Limburg, Netherlands. From 1985 to 2005, he was a pastor in Eschweiler, Germany, and worked on his painting. His illustrated book, Worte in Bildern Erleben, was published by Verlag Dohr. He died in 2007.
Legend of a Rabbit
Legend of a Rabbit (Chinese: 兔侠传奇 Tùxiá Chuánqí), released in the United States as Legend of Kung Fu Rabbit, is a 2011 Chinese animated film directed by Sun Yijun. The film features an original cast of Fan Wei, Yan Ni, Zhang Fengyi, Zhang Yishan and Pu Cunxin. In the English version, it stars the voices of Jon Heder, Tom Arnold, Rebecca Black, Michael Clarke Duncan and Claire Geare.

The film was released in 62 countries, and was the first Chinese animated feature ever to be shown internationally. The film was a box office failure in China, managing to gross CNY16.2 million compared to its CNY120 million budget but it was a success in many other countries. Some noted its similarity to the Kung Fu Panda film franchise.

A sequel to the film, Legend of a Rabbit: The Martial of Fire, was released in 2015.

Jon Heder
Jonathan Joseph Heder  (/ˈhiːdər/; born October 26, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for his breakout lead role as the title character of the comedy film Napoleon Dynamite (2004). He also voiced the character in the Fox animated series of the same name (2012).

Heder has had starring roles in the comedy films The Benchwarmers (2006), School for Scoundrels (2006), Blades of Glory (2007), Mama's Boy (2007), When in Rome (2010), Reality (2014), and Ghost Team (2016). He also had starring roles in the drama films For Ellen (2012) and Walt Before Mickey (2015). Heder had starring voice roles in the animated film Surf's Up (2007) and its sequel, Surf's Up 2: WaveMania (2017), as well as Thelma the Unicorn (2024). He had a main voice role on the Disney XD animated series Pickle and Peanut (2015–2018).
De Geus
De Geus is a Dutch surname. In the Middle Ages, "geus," (derived from French "gueux"), meant "beggar" or "rogue." However, it is likely that the surname originally reflected an association with the geuzen, a group that opposed Spanish rule in the Netherland from 1566s. In contrast, the surname Geus has a patronymic origin, with Geus as it is a shortened form of the given name Goswin. People with the surname "de Geus" include:

Aart de Geus (born 1954), Dutch businessman

Aart Jan de Geus (born 1955), Dutch politician

Arie de Geus (1930–2019), Dutch businessman

Brett de Geus (born 1997), American baseball player for the Texas Rangers

Jonas de Geus, Dutch field hockey player

Lilian de Geus (born 1991), Dutch competitive sailor

Pieter de Geus (1929–2004), Dutch politician

Brett de Geus
Brett de Geus (/dʌˈɡʌs/ duh-GUS; born November 4, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers, Arizona Diamondbacks, Seattle Mariners, Miami Marlins, Toronto Blue Jays, and Philadelphia Phillies.
Mac Sabbath
Mac Sabbath is an American parody heavy metal tribute band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2014. The self-proclaimed founders of "Drive Thru Metal", the band is primarily a parody of English heavy metal group Black Sabbath, using lyricism and imagery centered on fast food. Hence, their style has been called "Drive thru metal" by some publications.

Sweet Leaf
"Sweet Leaf" is a song by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath from their third album Master of Reality, released in August 1971. The song was released as a single in the Philippines and was later included on their 1976 greatest hits compilation We Sold Our Soul for Rock 'n' Roll. A Rolling Stone reader's poll listed it as one of the band's best songs.
Edwin H. Land Medal
The Edwin H. Land Medal is jointly presented by The Optical Society and the Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T). The Land Medal was established in 1992 to honor the noted scientist and entrepreneur Edwin H. Land, who is noted for his invention of instant photography, for founding the Polaroid Corporation, and for developing the theory of Retinex, amongst many other accomplishments. It is funded by the Polaroid Foundation, the Polaroid Retirees Association and by individual contributors Manfred Heiting, Theodore Voss and John J. McCann.  The medal honors individuals who, using the science of optics, "have demonstrated pioneering entrepreneurial activity that has had a major impact on the public."

Color constancy
Color constancy is an example of subjective constancy and a feature of the human color perception system which ensures that the perceived color of objects remains relatively constant under varying illumination conditions. A green apple for instance looks green to us at midday, when the main illumination is white sunlight, and also at sunset, when the main illumination is red. This helps us identify objects.
Sabine Bögli
Sabine Bögli (also published as Boegli) is a Swiss mathematician specialising in mathematical analysis,
including the spectral theory of non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operators and their applications in mathematical physics. Her research has resolved a decades-old dispute over the location of autoionizing resonances in atoms and molecules, answered a longstanding open question on the accumulation of eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators, and disproved a conjecture of Laptev and Safronov relating the magnitude of these eigenvalues to the norm of the potential. She works in England as an associate professor at Durham University.

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .