hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petrucciani
Petrucciani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Michel Petrucciani (1962–1999), French jazz pianist

Oliver Petrucciani (born 1969), Swiss motorcycle racer

Ricky Petrucciani (born 2000), Swiss athlete

Ricky Petrucciani
Ricky Petrucciani (Italian pronunciation: [petrutˈtʃaːni]; born 30 June 2000) is a Swiss sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. He won a gold medal at the 2021 European U23 Championships and a silver medal at the 2022 European Championships in the 400m category. He also reached the semifinals of the 2020 Olympics.
Geology of Botswana
The geology of Botswana plays a significant part in the country's economy. The basement rocks of the Kaapvaal-Zimbabwe craton extend into Botswana whilst in the east and southeast, metamorphic rocks of Archaean age are dominant. A younger cover of Karoo rocks and post-Cretaceous Kalahari Group sediments conceal the western margins of these older rocks and largely conceal Proterozoic orogenic belts too. This younger stratum was laid down in the Kalahari Basin underlying large parts of the centre of the country. In the northwest of Botswana, more recent sediments overlie rocks of Meso- and Neoproterozoic age rocks, belonging probably to the Damara Belt.: 46

The city of Orapa, located in Eastern Botswana, contains a fossilized crater lake with the most insect and plant bearing taphocoenosis of middle Cretaceous in Africa.: 48

Orogenic belt
An orogenic belt, orogen, or mobile belt is a zone of Earth's crust affected by orogeny. An orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges; this involves a series of geological processes collectively called orogenesis.
San Nicasio
San Nicasio is a Spanish brand of gourmet potato chips, established in 1999. The slow cooked chips have won a number of food industry awards for quality and have received a level of notoriety due to the high price tag of the product.

Potato chips
Potato chips (North American and Australian English; often just chips) or crisps (British and Irish English) are thin slices of potato (or a thin deposit of potato paste) that have been deep-fried, baked, or air-fried until crunchy. They are commonly served as a snack, appetizer or side dish. Basic potato chips are cooked and salted; additional varieties are manufactured using various seasonings, flavorings and ingredients including herbs, spices, cheeses, other natural flavors, artificial flavors, and additives.

Potato chips form a large part of the snack food and convenience food market in Western countries. The global potato chip market generated total revenue of US$16.49 billion in 2005. This accounted for 35.5% of the total savory snacks market in that year (which was $46.1 billion overall).
Geode
A geode (/ˈdʒiː.oʊd/; from Ancient Greek  γεώδης (geṓdēs) 'earthlike') is a geological secondary formation within sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Geodes are hollow, vaguely spherical rocks, in which masses of mineral matter (which may include crystals) are secluded.

The crystals are formed by the filling of vesicles in volcanic and subvolcanic rocks by minerals deposited from hydrothermal fluids; or by the dissolution of syngenetic concretions and partial filling by the same or other minerals precipitated from water, groundwater, or hydrothermal fluids.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
Melos Quartet
The Melos Quartet was a much-recorded, Stuttgart-based string quartet active from 1965 until 2005, when its first violinist died. It also went by the name Melos-Quartett-Stuttgart, partly to distinguish itself from the equally prominent chamber group the Melos Ensemble of London.

Luigi Cherubini
Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini (/ˌkɛrʊˈbiːni/ KERR-uu-BEE-nee; Italian: [luˈiːdʒi keruˈbiːni]; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the greatest living composer of his era. Cherubini's operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini.
Tom dialect
Tom dialect is one of three major dialects of Siberian Tatars. Eushta, Kalmak and Chat Tatars speak this dialect.

According to Tumasheva, Tom dialect is divided into three sub-dialects:

Eushta-Chat dialect (Tomsk Oblast)
Or sub-dialect of Chat Tatars (Novosibirsk Oblast)

Kalmak dialect (Kemerovo Oblast).

In Tumasheva's opinion, Tom dialect is grammatically very close to Altai and related languages.

Kalmak Tatars
The Kalmak Tatars (Siberian Tatar: ҡалмаҡтар) are one of the three subgroups of Tom group of Siberian Tatars. Their traditional areas of settlement are northeastern parts of Kemerovo Oblast, close to the town of Yurga.

The origins of the Kalmaks trace back to the 17th century, when a group of Teleuts from the central parts of Kemerovo Oblast migrated to the north. Kalmaks adopted Islam in the 18th century due to mainly Tatar influence. These factors created an endogamous barrier between Kalmaks and Russians, which helped Kalmaks to preserve their identity.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Kalmaks inhabited mainly Zimnik, Bolshoy Ulus close to the town of Yurga, and Yurty-Konstantinovy (Тумаел) in the Yashkinsky District to the northeast of Yurga, close to Tomsk Oblast.
1998 in film
Many significant films were released in 1998, including Shakespeare in Love, Saving Private Ryan, Armageddon, American History X, The Truman Show, Primary Colors, Rushmore, Rush Hour, There's Something About Mary, The Big Lebowski, and Terrence Malick's directorial return in The Thin Red Line.

Blade (1998 film)
Blade is a 1998 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character. The first in the Blade film series, it was directed by Stephen Norrington and written by David S. Goyer. Wesley Snipes stars as Blade, a human with vampire strengths but not their weaknesses, who battles other vampires. The supporting cast includes Stephen Dorff, Kris Kristofferson and N'Bushe Wright.

Blade was released in the United States on August 21, 1998, and was a commercial success, grossing $131 million on a budget of $45 million. It is also hailed as one of Snipes's signature roles.

Blade was noted as a dark superhero film for its time, as well as being Marvel's first successful film.  It was followed by two sequels, Blade II (2002) and Blade: Trinity (2004). Snipes reprised his role as Blade in the 2024 film Deadpool & Wolverine.
The History and Present State of Electricity
The History and Present State of Electricity (1767), by eighteenth-century British polymath Joseph Priestley, is a survey of the study of electricity up until 1766, as well as a description of experiments by Priestley himself.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Birney A. Lettick
Birney A. Lettick (1919–1986) was an American commercial artist. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, he graduated from Yale University. After serving in World War II, he did movie posters and illustrations for Time Magazine. His work is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery.

National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded in 1962 and opened in 1968, it is part of the Smithsonian Institution. Its collections focus on images of American artists, politicians, scientists, inventors, activists, and performers who have contributed to the nation's history, development, and culture. Along with the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the museum is housed in the historic Old Patent Office Building.
1953 (album)
1953 is an indie rock album by Soul-Junk released in 1996. The album consists of guitar based low-fi rock, which one reviewer described as being in the ballpark of "Beck meets Danielson." Alternative Press found their musical arrangements to be outstanding, "tuneful, energetic and original", but took fault with their lyrics, which many of which are derived from scripture.

The final track of the album is actually another album itself, 1954, albeit uncut.

Alternative Press (magazine)
Alternative Press is an American entertainment magazine primarily focused on music and culture. It generally provides readers with band interviews, photos, and relevant news. It was founded in 1985 by Mike Shea in Cleveland, Ohio. The company is now managed by MDDN, and based in Los Angeles, California. Anna Zanes is the current Editor-in-Chief and Kelsey Barnes is the current Junior Editor. As of late 2025, Alternative Press was no longer offering a printed magazine.
Yan Aung Kyaw
Yan Aung Kyaw (Burmese: ရန်အောင်ကျော်; born 4 August 1986) is a Burmese retired footballer who played as a midfielder for the Myanmar national football team. He is the three time Myanmar National League winner with Yangon United and the bronze medalist with Myanmar U23 in 2011 SEA Games.

Yangon United F.C.
Yangon United Football Club (Burmese: ရန်ကုန် ယူနိုက်တက် ဘောလုံးအသင်း [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃]) is a Burmese professional football club based at Yangon United Sports Complex in Yangon, Myanmar. Owned by Tay Za, a prominent Burmese businessman, it was one of eight clubs that participated in the inaugural edition of the Myanmar National League in 2009, where they finished as runners-up. The club has won a record 5 league, 3 General Aung San Shield and 3 MFF Charity Cup titles.

Yangon United's biggest rival used to be Yadanarbon, with whom they contest the Myanmar rivalry. However, due to Yadanarbon's decline, Yangon United's main rivals are Shan United, contesting the new Myanmar National League derby. Its women's section plays in the Myanmar Women League.
Something for the Boys (film)
Something for the Boys is a 1944 musical comedy film directed by Lewis Seiler. It stars Carmen Miranda, Michael O'Shea, Vivian Blaine, Phil Silvers, Sheila Ryan and Perry Como.

The screenplay, based on a Broadway musical with songs by Cole Porter, follows three cousins who, during World War II, inherit a mansion. Chiquita Hart (Carmen Miranda), Harry (Phil Silvers), and Blossom (Vivian Blaine) decide to turn the place into a guesthouse for military wives, combining service with artistic performances.

Actress Judy Holliday, who would go on to win an Oscar for Best Actress six years later for Born Yesterday (1950), makes a brief appearance with just one line of dialogue.

Judy Holliday
Judy Holliday (born Judith Tuvim, June 21, 1921 – June 7, 1965) was an American actress, comedian, and singer.

She began her career as part of a nightclub act before working in Broadway plays and musicals. Her success as Billie Dawn in the 1946 stage production of Born Yesterday led to her being cast in the 1950 film version, for which she won an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. She was known for her performance on Broadway in the musical Bells Are Ringing, winning a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical and reprising her role in the 1960 film adaptation.

In 1952, Holliday was called to testify before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee to answer claims she was associated with communism. Unlike other figures who lost standing, Holliday managed to get through unscathed. She continued to act on Broadway and film until her death from breast cancer in 1965.
Dounie
Dounie (Scottish Gaelic: Dùnaidh) is a small remote scattered hamlet in Sutherland, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. The River Carron runs through Dounie.

It lies within the civil parish of Kincardine and Community council of Ardgay and District.

River Carron, Sutherland
The River Carron (Scottish Gaelic: Carrann) is an east coast river in Sutherland, in the Highlands of Scotland.

It begins as Abhainn a' Ghlinne Mhòir, which joins with the Alladale River (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Alladail) to form the River Carron. Further downstream, tributaries include the Water of Glencalvie and the Black Water.
The River Carron flows down through Strathcarron, then into the Kyle of Sutherland near Bonar Bridge.

The River Carron is used for kayaking and salmon fishing.

It flows through the centre of the civil parish of Kincardine and Community council or Ardgay and District.
Your Time Hasn't Come Yet, Baby
"Your Time Hasn't Come Yet, Baby" is a song written by Joel Hirschhorn and Al Kasha and recorded by Elvis Presley for the 1968 motion picture Speedway. It was sung by Presley in the movie and also appeared on its soundtrack album.

The song was originally released on May 21, 1968, as a single (with "Let Yourself Go" on the opposite side) from the upcoming movie due in theaters June 12.

The song peaked at number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of July 13.

Al Kasha
Alfred Kasha (January 22, 1937 – September 14, 2020) was an American songwriter, whose songs include "The Morning After" from The Poseidon Adventure and "We May Never Love Like This Again" from The Towering Inferno.
Jane Hirst
Jane Hirst is an Australian professor and an academic obstetrician at The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London UK. She is the Clinical Chair at the George Institute for Global Health UK and the School of Public Health at Imperial College, London, and is a Visiting  Professor at the University of Oxford. She conducts research in preventing cardio metabolic complications in women after high-risk pregnancy conditions such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, and understanding the effects of climate change on the health of women and girls.

George Institute for Global Health
The George Institute for Global Health, is an independent medical research institute headquartered in Australia with offices in China, India and the United Kingdom. The George Institute conducts research on non-communicable disease, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, diabetes, and injury. The institute is known for conducting large-scale clinical studies. Between 1999 and 2017, the George has consumed over A$750 million in research grant and fundraising.
College Girl (1974 film)
College Girl is a 1974 Indian Malayalam film directed by Hariharan and produced by Dr. Balakrishnan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Vidhubala, KP Ummer, Bahadoor, Sudheer, Adoor Bhasi and Balakrishnan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer.

K. P. Ummer
Kachinamthoduka Puthiyapurayil Ummer  known as K. P. Ummer (11 October 1930 - 29 October 2001) was an Indian actor from Thekkepuram quarter of Kozhikode, Kerala, India. He was active in the Malayalam cinema from the early sixties until the late nineties.

He was born to T. Mohamed Koya and Beevi on 11 October 1930 in Kozhikode. His first film was Rarichan Enna Pauran (1956). He frequently played the villain opposite Prem Nazir, who played the hero. Ummer was also a character artist in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In 1967, he did his first character role in the film Udhyogastha directed by P. Venu. Later he worked in many of Venu's films.

Ummer was a professional drama actor of K.P.A.C. and other troupes. He was a brilliant football player.

K. P. Ummer was the first actor in Kerala to turn down a state government award. The K. P. Ummer Anusmarana Samithi created an award instituted in his memory  for the people who contribute to Malayalam movies.
Voronina Nature Reserve
Voronina (Voroninsky) Nature Reserve (Russian: Воронинский заповедник) is a strict ecological reserve (a zapovednik) located in the valley of the Vorona River (the right tributary of the Khopyor River), in the forest-steppe zone of southwest Russia.  The Voroninsky Reserve protects riverine wetlands in the southeast of the Oka–Don Plain.  The reserve is situated in Kirsanovsky and Inzhavinsky districts of Tambov Oblast, about 100 km southeast of the city of Tambov.  It was created in 1994, and covers an area of 10,819 ha (41.77 sq mi).

Kirsanovsky District
Kirsanovsky District (Russian: Кирса́новский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tambov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast.  The district borders with Gavrilovsky District in the north, Umyotsky District in the east, Inzhavinsky District in the south, and with Rasskazovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,307.8 square kilometers (504.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kirsanov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 21,756 (2010 Census);  23,613 (2002 census); 24,780 (1989 Soviet census).
Abdulrahman Abdulqadir Fiqi
Abdulrahman Abdulqadir Fiqi (born 7 September 1988) is a Qatari Paralympic athlete. He won the silver medal in the men's shot put F34 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He also won the bronze medal in the men's shot put F34 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

In 2017, he won the gold medal in the men's shot put F34 event at the World Para Athletics Championships held in London, United Kingdom.

He was the flag bearer for Qatar during the 2020 Summer Paralympics Parade of Nations as part of the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

2017 World Para Athletics Championships
The 2017 World Para Athletics Championships were a Paralympic track and field meet organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee. It was held at London Stadium in London from 14 to 23 July 2017. It was the 8th edition of the event, the first to be held after being renamed from IPC Athletics World Championship, and featured 213 medal events.

They preceded the 2017 IAAF World Championships also held in London, marking the first time that a single city hosted both the IAAF and IPC athletics championships in the same year; London previously hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
Jonas Folts
Jonas Folts (March 12, 1808 – June 24, 1876) was an American farmer, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southeast Jefferson County during the 1868 session.  He was also a delegate from Jefferson County to Wisconsin's 2nd constitutional convention, which produced the Constitution of Wisconsin.

Constitution of Wisconsin
The Constitution of the State of Wisconsin is the governing document of the U.S. State of Wisconsin. It establishes the structure and function of state government, describes the state boundaries, and declares the rights of state citizens. The Wisconsin Constitution was written at a constitutional convention held in Madison, Wisconsin, in December 1847 and approved by the citizens of Wisconsin Territory in a referendum held in March 1848. Wisconsin was admitted to the United States on May 29, 1848. Although it has been amended over a hundred times, the original constitution ratified in 1848 is still in use. This makes the Wisconsin Constitution the oldest U.S. state constitution outside New England; only Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont use older constitutions.

The Wisconsin Constitution contains a brief preamble and fourteen articles detailing the state government, its powers, and its limitations.
Robert Clarke (footballer)
Robert Clarke (born 4 September 1967) is a Liberian former professional footballer who played in twelve matches for the Liberia national team from 1995 to 1997. He was also named in Liberia's squad for the 1996 African Cup of Nations tournament.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.
1913 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Bengali polymath Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West." He is the first and remains only the Indian recipient of the prize. The award stemmed from the idealistic and accessible (for Western readers) nature of a small body of translated material, including the translated Gitanjali.

John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury (30 April 1834 – 28 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Baronet, from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, Liberal politician, philanthropist, scientist and polymath. Lubbock worked in his family company as a banker but made significant contributions in archaeology, ethnography, and several branches of biology. He coined the terms "Palaeolithic" and "Neolithic" to denote the Old and New Stone Ages, respectively. He helped establish archaeology as a scientific discipline, and was influential in debates concerning evolutionary theory. He introduced the first law for the protection of the UK's archaeological and architectural heritage. He promoted the establishment of public libraries and was also a founding member of the X Club.
Psalms chord
In music, the Psalms chord is the opening chord of Igor Stravinsky's Symphony of Psalms. It is a "barking E minor triad" that is voiced "like no E-minor triad that was ever known before" – that is, in two highly separate groups, one in the top register and the other in the bottom register. The third of the E-minor triad, rather than the tonic, receives strong emphasis.

It is common to the octatonic scale and the Phrygian scale on E, and the contrasting sections of the first movement based on the scales are linked by statements of the Psalms chord.

William W. Austin describes the Psalms chord in the following way: "The opening staccato blast, which recurs throughout the first movement, detached from its surroundings by silence, seems to be a perverse spacing of the E minor triad, with the minor third doubled in four octaves while the root and fifth appear only twice, at high and low extremes."

Phrygian mode
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can download the audio file.

The Phrygian mode (pronounced /ˈfrɪdʒiən/) can refer to three different musical modes: the ancient Greek tonos or harmonia, sometimes called Phrygian, formed on a particular set of octave species or scales; the medieval Phrygian mode, and the modern conception of the Phrygian mode as a diatonic scale, based on the latter.