hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electric eye
An electric eye is a photodetector used for detecting obstruction of a light beam. An example is the door safety system used on garage door openers that use a light transmitter and receiver at the bottom of the door to prevent closing if there is any obstruction in the way that breaks the light beam. The device does not provide an image; only the presence of light is detectable. Visible light may be used, but infrared radiation conceals the operation of the device and typically is used in modern systems. Originally, systems used lamps powered by direct current or the power line alternating current frequency, but modern photodetector systems use an infrared light-emitting diode modulated at a few kilohertz, which allows the detector to reject stray light and improves the range, sensitivity, and security of the device.

Photodetector
Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are devices that detect light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation and convert it into an electrical signal. They are essential in a wide range of applications, from digital imaging and optical communication to scientific research and industrial automation. Photodetectors can be classified by their mechanism of detection, such as the photoelectric effect, photochemical reactions, or thermal effects, or by performance metrics like spectral response. Common types include photodiodes, phototransistors, and photomultiplier tubes, each suited to specific uses. Solar cells, which convert light into electricity, are also a type of photodetector. This article explores the principles behind photodetectors, their various types, applications, and recent advancements in the field.
Henfield
Henfield is a large village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It lies 41 miles (66 km) south of London, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Brighton, and 30 miles (48 km) east northeast of the county town of Chichester at the road junction of the A281 and A2037. The parish has a land area of 4,285 acres (1,734.1 ha). In the 2001 census 5,012 people lived in 2,153 households, of whom 2,361 were economically active. Other nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the east and Shoreham-by-Sea to the south. The population at the 2011 Census was 5,349.

Just west of the village, the two branches of the River Adur, the western Adur and the eastern Adur, meet at Betley Bridge. From Henfield the Adur flows on into the English Channel at Shoreham-by-Sea.

Henfield was already a large village, of 52 households, at the time of Domesday (1086).

Chichester
Chichester (/ˈtʃɪtʃɪstər/ ⓘ CHITCH-ist-ər) is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is the only city in West Sussex and is its county town. It was a Roman and Anglo-Saxon settlement and a major market town from those times through Norman and medieval times to the present day. It is the seat of the Church of England Diocese of Chichester and is home to a 12th-century cathedral.

The city has two main watercourses: the Chichester Canal and the River Lavant. The Lavant, a winterbourne, runs to the south of the city walls; it is hidden mostly in culverts when close to the city centre.
Sarath N. Silva
Sarath Nanda Silva PC served as the 41st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka.

He obtained his Primary and Secondary school education at Trinity College Kandy and continued to Sri Lanka Law College. Prior to civil service, his achievements included work obtaining a Master of Laws degree magna cum laude from the University of Brussels. He was admitted as an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in June 1967 and commenced his career in the Attorney General's department in 1968 as a Crown Counsel. He was promoted to Senior State Counsel in 1975 and Deputy Solicitor-General in 1979. Appointed a Judge of the Sri Lankan Court of Appeal in 1987, he later became the President of the Court in 1994.

Sri Lanka Law College
Sri Lanka Law College (abbreviated as SLLC), formerly known as Ceylon Law College, is a law college, and the only legal institution where one can enrol as an Attorney-at-Law in Sri Lanka. It was established in 1874, under the then Council of Legal Education, under the British Regime in order to impart a formal legal education to those who wished to become Advocates and proctors in Ceylon. The main building of the college was constructed in 1911. It is located on Hulftsdorp Street in Colombo, Sri Lanka. As of late 2024, the principal was President's Counsel Prasantha Lal De Alwis.
Liu Tun
Liu Tun (died c.October 311), courtesy name Changsheng, was an official of the Jin dynasty (266–420). During the War of the Eight Princes, he was one of the few ministers entrusted with managing the Eastern Court while Emperor Hui of Jin was kept in Chang'an. After the Disaster of Yongjia, Liu Tun was captured and plotted with the Han-Zhao general, Wang Mi, to break away, but was killed by Shi Le not long after. He was also known to have served as Colonel-Director of Retainers five times throughout his career.

Qingzhou (ancient China)
Qingzhou or Qing Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China dating back to c. 2070 BCE that later became one of the thirteen provinces of the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). The Nine Provinces were first described in the Tribute of Yu chapter of the classic Book of Documents, with Qingzhou lying to the east of Yuzhou and north of Yangzhou. Qingzhou's primary territory included most of modern Shandong province except the southwest corner.
Ålsgårde railway station
Ålsgårde station is a railway station serving the town of Ålsgårde in North Zealand, Denmark.

The station is located on the Hornbæk Line from Helsingør to Gilleleje. It opened in 1906. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Lokaltog which runs frequent local train services between Helsingør station and Gilleleje station.

Ålsgårde
Ålsgårde is a seaside resort and former fishing village on the north coast of Zealand, Denmark, located six kilometer northwest of Helsingør.

Formerly Ålsgårde was a separate town, but today it has merged with the neighbouring town of Hellebæk into an urban area with a population of 5,775 (1 January 2025).
Mike King (BMX rider)
Michael Allen King (born June 30, 1969) is an "Old School/Mid School" former professional Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1984 to 1998 and is also a former Mountain Bike (MTB) racer who prime competitive years in that discipline were 1993 to 2004.

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Ryan Campbell (lacrosse)
Ryan Campbell is a Canadian professional lacrosse player. He was the captain for the SouthWest Cyclops of the Canadian Lacrosse League (CLL).

Campbell played three games with the Edmonton Rush of the National Lacrosse League (NLL) during the 2009 season.

Edmonton Rush
The Edmonton Rush were a  professional lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League (NLL) that played from the  2006 to 2015 NLL seasons.

The team announced on July 20, 2015, that they would be relocating to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for the 2016 season, where they would play at the SaskTel Centre as the Saskatchewan Rush.
Dryve
Dryve was an alternative/roots/pop/rock band from San Diego, California. The band's unusual instrumentation – including a Hammond organ, accordions, and a harmonica – gave them a unique sound. The San Diego music scene is well known for producing Christian rock bands such as Switchfoot and P.O.D., and despite its brief national life Dryve produced what the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music calls "stellar examples of Christian rock at its best."

San Diego Music Awards
The San Diego Music Awards is an awards show held annually in San Diego, California, United States, to recognize the best artists and bands in local music. The awards show benefits the San Diego Music Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting San Diego music education programs.

The show has featured awards in a variety of categories covering nearly every genre of music, and featured live performances by such major-label recording artists as Blink-182, Switchfoot, Jason Mraz, P.O.D., Pierce the Veil, as well as lesser known up-and-coming artists, such as Schizophonics, The Beat Farmers, Gilbert Castellanos, Whitney Shay and others.

Through 2025, the annual awards have raised over $915,000 for its Guitars for Schools program, which has provided free instruments and lessons for more than 75,000 students across San Diego County over the past three decades.
Ling Gill
Ling Gill is a gill (or narrow valley) in the Yorkshire Dales in North Yorkshire, England.  Cam Beck, a tributary of the River Ribble, flows through the gill.

Ling Gill is a rare example of a sub-alpine ash woodland.  The site is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a national nature reserve, not open to the public.  The Pennine Way passes the east end of the gill.

National nature reserve (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a national nature reserve is a form of statutory nature reserve that has been designated as such by one of the three national nature conservation bodies of Great Britain. There are 229 designated sites in England, 43 in Scotland, and 76 in Wales. A similar designation, a "nature reserve", is used in Northern Ireland and those are designated by the Northern Ireland Environment Agency.
A Very New Found Glory Christmas
A Very New Found Glory Christmas is the third EP by American rock band New Found Glory. Self-produced by the band, it is a special edition Christmas-themed acoustic recording featuring two original songs and three covers. The EP was limited to 2,000 pressings and was released via cassette tape on December 1, 2012. 1,000 white copies were sold on tour, and 1,000 red copies were sold in their online store. The band released "Nothing for Christmas" via Rdio and Spotify on December 20, after debuting songs off the EP during the tenth anniversary tour of their Sticks and Stones album. The cover art is a parody of the 1990 blockbuster movie Home Alone.

Cover art
Cover art is a type of artwork presented as an illustration or photograph on the outside of a published product, such as a book (often on a dust jacket), magazine, newspaper (tabloid), comic book, video game (box art), music album (album art), CD, videotape, DVD, or podcast. Cover art can include various things such as logos, symbols, images, colors, or anything that represents what is being sold or advertised. The art has a commercial function (i.e., to promote the product it is displayed on), but can also have an aesthetic function, and may be artistically connected to the product (such as with art by, or commissioned by, the creator of the product).
Death of Eliza Jane Scovill
Eliza Jane Scovill (December 3, 2001 – May 16, 2005) was the daughter of AIDS denialist Christine Maggiore, an HIV-positive activist who publicly questioned the link between HIV and AIDS, and supported HIV-positive pregnant women who want to avoid taking anti-HIV medication. Eliza Jane's May 16, 2005 death from AIDS, at the age of three and a half, sparked a social and legal controversy over her mother's decision not to take precautions during pregnancy and breastfeeding to prevent transmission of the virus, and her parents' decision to not have her treated for HIV infection during her life.

International AIDS Society
The International AIDS Society (IAS) is the world's largest association of HIV/AIDS professionals, with 11,600 members from over 170 countries as of July 2020, including clinicians, people living with HIV, service providers, policy makers and others. It aims to reduce the global impact of AIDS through collective advocacy. Founded in 1988, IAS headquarters are located in Geneva, and its president since 2024 is Beatriz Grinsztejn.

The IAS hosts the biennial International AIDS Conference, the IAS Conference on HIV Science, and the HIV Research for Prevention Conference.
1928 Birthday Honours
The 1928 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette on 4 June 1928.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
HMS Regulus
Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Regulus, after the star:

HMS Regulus (1785) was a fifth rate ship of 44 guns, launched at Northam in January 1785 and converted to a troopship in 1793. Because Regulus served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 2 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal, which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants. Regulus was broken up in March 1816.

HMS Regulus (N88) was a Rainbow-class submarine launched at Barrow-in-Furness in June 1930 and lost in December 1940, possibly sunk by a mine near Taranto, Southern Italy.

HMS Regulus (J327) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched at Toronto in September 1943 and originally to have been called HMCS Longbranch. In January 1945 a mine sank her off Corfu.

Regulus
Regulus is the brightest object in the constellation Leo and one of the brightest stars in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation designated α Leonis, which is Latinized to Alpha Leonis, and abbreviated Alpha Leo or α Leo. Regulus appears single, but is actually a quadruple star system composed of four stars that are organized into two pairs. The system lies approximately 79 light years from the Solar System.

The spectroscopic binary Regulus A consists of a blue-white main-sequence star and its companion, a pre-white dwarf.
Regulus BC, also known as HD 87884, is separated from Regulus A by 176″ and is itself a close pair.

Regulus and five slightly dimmer stars (Zeta Leonis, Mu Leonis, Gamma Leonis, Epsilon Leonis, and Eta Leonis) have collectively been called 'the Sickle', which is an asterism that marks the head of Leo.
Hyperborea (RPG)
Hyperborea RPG (known as Astonishing Swordsmen and Sorcerers of Hyperborea in its first two editions) is a sword and sorcery themed tabletop role-playing game developed by Jeffrey Talanian and published by Northwind Adventures.

The game was first published in 2012 and was nominated for several ENnie awards in 2013. A second edition was published in 2017 and the currently available third edition in 2022.

The game rules are loosely based on the first edition of Advanced Dungeons and Dragons rules, and the game belongs to the Old School Renaissance (or "OSR") movement within the role-playing game scene.

ENNIE Awards
The ENNIE Awards (previously stylized as ENnie Awards) are awards for role-playing game (RPG) products (including game-related accessories, publications, and art) and their creators. The awards were created in 2001 by Russ Morrissey of EN World in partnership with Eric Noah's Unofficial D&D Third Edition News. The ceremony has been hosted at Gen Con in Indianapolis since 2002. Since 2018, EN World is no longer associated with the awards.

The ENNIES comprise two rounds. In the first round, publishers submit their products for nomination. Entries are judged by five democratically elected judges. The nominated products are voted on by the public in the second round. Winners of the annual awards are then announced at a ceremony at Gen Con.
Laúd
Laúd (Spanish: "lute") is a plectrum-plucked chordophone from Spain, played also in diaspora countries such as Cuba and the Philippines. Its name, just as lute itself, stems from Arabic al-oud العود, literally meaning “the wood”.

The laúd belongs to the cittern family of instruments.  The Spanish and Cuban instruments have six double courses in unison (i.e. twelve strings in pairs); the Philippine instrument has 14 strings with some courses singled or tripled.  A similar, but smaller instrument, with a shorter neck, is the bandurria, which also exists in 12- and 14-string versions.

Traditionally the laúd is used by folk string musical groups, such as Spanish or Filipino rondalla string ensembles, together with the guitar and the bandurria. Like the bandurria, it is tuned in fourths, but its range is one octave lower.

Plectrum
A plectrum is a small flat tool used for plucking or strumming of a stringed instrument.  For hand-held instruments such as guitars and mandolins, the plectrum is often called a pick and is held as a separate tool in the player's hand. In harpsichords, the plectra are attached to the jack mechanism.
Michelangelo Pistoletto
Michelangelo Pistoletto (born 23 June 1933) is an Italian painter, action and object artist, and art theorist. Pistoletto is acknowledged as one of the main representatives of the Italian Arte Povera. His work mainly deals with the subject matter of reflection (especially in his Mirror Paintings) and the unification of art and everyday life in terms of a Gesamtkunstwerk.

Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.
The Ghost of Tom Joad (song)
"The Ghost of Tom Joad" is a folk rock song written by American rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist Bruce Springsteen, released in November 1995 by Columbia Records as the first single from his eleventh studio album by the same name (1995). It was produced by Springsteen and Chuck Plotkin. The character Tom Joad, from John Steinbeck's classic 1939 novel The Grapes of Wrath, is mentioned in the title and narrative.

Originally a quiet folk song, "The Ghost of Tom Joad" has also been covered by Rage Against the Machine and Junip. Springsteen himself has performed the song in a variety of arrangements, including with the E Street Band, and a live recording featuring Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello as guest. In 2013, Springsteen re-recorded the track with Morello for his eighteenth studio album, High Hopes (2014).

Garry Tallent
Garry Wayne Tallent (born October 27, 1949), sometimes billed as Garry W. Tallent, is an American musician and record producer, best known for being the bass player and 
a founding member of the E Street Band, Bruce Springsteen's primary backing band since 1972. As of 2025, Tallent is the only remaining original member of the E Street Band besides Springsteen.

He was inducted in 2014 as a member of the E Street Band into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Dream Rovers
Dream Rovers is a country band from Tehran, Iran and is considered the pioneer of country music in Iran.
The band was founded by the singer-songwriter Erfan (Elf) Rezayatbakhsh with various members throughout the years such as Ahmad Motevassel, lead guitarist and recording engineer.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Banyala
Banyala (ethnonym: Banyala; singular Munyala), are a Bantu ethnic group native to Buganda, a subnational kingdom within Uganda. They stay in an area called Bugerere in Kayunga District,. They share a common ancestry with the Baruuli.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Topping (agriculture)
Topping is a process by which a mower or similar implement is used to "top", or remove, the aerial part of a crop, in order to prevent seed formation and distribution onto the soil. Typically, a set-aside cover crop is topped in July or August, to prevent seed production and subsequent soil contamination leading to germination and regrowth.  For example, controlling the spread of Soft rush or Juncus Effusus on wet land, such as Purple Moor and Rush Pastures.

A variation of topping is often employed in order to create a more stout and bushy plant, one that is suitable for thriving indoors.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Barry Atsma
Barry Atsma (born 29 December 1972) is a Dutch actor. He became known in the Netherlands through his role in the TV series Rozengeur & Wodka Lime (2001–2005) and the movie The Black Book. He is a recipient of both a Golden Calf and a Rembrandt Award. Internationally, Atsma is best known for his work on 2014 British film Hector and the Search for Happiness and the 2018 British television series The Split.

Hector and the Search for Happiness (film)
Hector and the Search for Happiness is a 2014 comedy-drama film directed by Peter Chelsom and co-written by Chelsom with Tinker Lindsay and Maria von Heland, based on François Lelord's novel of the same name. The film stars Simon Pegg as Hector and Rosamund Pike as Clara.