hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerd Nienstedt
Gerd Nienstedt (10 July 1932 – 14 August 1993) was a German and Austrian opera singer, bass and bass-baritone. After an international career at major opera houses and the Bayreuth Festival, he was also a theatre director, stage director and academic voice teacher.

Die Soldaten
Die Soldaten (The Soldiers) is a four-act opera in German by Bernd Alois Zimmermann, based on the 1776 play by Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. In a letter accompanying his newly printed play (23 July 1776, aged 24) that he sent to his best friend, the German philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder, Lenz described himself as "an enigma to even his most precious friends", while saying of the play, "Here, into your holy hands, the piece which carries half of my existence.  [The ideas it contains are] true and will remain so, even if centuries may walk contemptuously across my skull".

Zimmermann wrote and revised his opera in phases between 1957 and 1964; it was premiered in 1965 and dedicated to Hans Rosbaud. Zimmermann himself faithfully adapted the play into the libretto, the only changes to the text being repeats and small cuts. It is the composer's only completed opera and is considered an important work of the second half of the 20th century.
Sotik Massacre
In June 1905, 1,850 ethnic Kipsigis men, women and children were killed in a punitive expedition dubbed Sotik expedition by the colonial British government forces led by Major Richard Pope-Hennessy. This was as a result of a raid by the Kipsigis on the Maasai which saw the Kipsigis part with Maasai cows, women and children to which the government demanded redress and return of the spoils of the raid but to which the Kipsigis returned in insults and turned down the warning. In effect, this led to alienation of tribal land to what would become part of Kenyan White Highlands.

Koitalel Arap Samoei
Koitalel arap Samoei (c.1860 – 19 October 1905) was an Orkoiyot who led the Kalenjin people from 1890 until his assassination in 1905. The Orkoiyot occupied a sacred and special role within the Nandi and Kipsigis people of Kenya. He held the dual roles of chief spiritual and military leader and had the authority to make decisions regarding security matters, particularly the waging of war and negotiating for peace. 
Koitalel was the supreme chief of the Nandi people of Kenya. He led the Nandi resistance against British colonial rule.
Form 5
Form 5 is  an SEC filing submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on an annual basis by company officers, directors, or beneficial (10%) owners, which summarizes their insider trading activities. This form is simply a combination of year's Form 4 filings, which are mandatory filings made shortly after insiders make transactions.

Form 5 is stored in SEC's EDGAR database and academic researchers make these reports freely available as structured datasets in the Harvard Dataverse.

Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval
EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) is an internal database system operated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that performs automated collection, validation, indexing, and accepted forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the SEC. The database contains a wealth of information about the commission and the securities industry which is freely available to the public via the Internet.

In September 2017, SEC chairman Jay Clayton revealed the database had been hacked and that companies' data may have been used by criminals for insider trading.
Palata Rural Municipality
Palata (Nepali: पलाता गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Kalikot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Palata rural municipality has an area of 318.84 square kilometres (123.10 mi2) and the total population of the  rural municipality is 15,303 as of 2011 Nepal census.

Dholagohe, Khin and Thirpu which previously were all separate Village development committees merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

The rural municipality is divided into total 9 wards and the headquarters of this newly formed rural municipality is situated at Thirpu.

Constitution of Nepal
The Constitution of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान) is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.
Derek Klein
Derek Klein (April 1954 – May 2024) was a British postage stamp dealer, collector and accountant, who spent 16 months in jail in 2007-08 for stealing over decades, as their treasurer, £70,000 from two church parishes in Norfolk. In an unusual court ruling, the judge at his trial allowed him to repay the money he had stolen through the gradual piecemeal sale of the stamps he had bought with the proceeds of his fraud, instead of potentially yielding less at auction.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Francesco Simonazzi
Francesco Simonazzi (born 8 March 2004) is an Italian racing driver who competes in the 2025 European Le Mans Series for Duqueine Team. He previously competed in the Euroformula Open Championship with BVM Racing from 2021 to 2024, finishing runner-up in the latter season.

Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.
Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch
The Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch is a World War I memorial designed in 1919 by architect Charles Sumner Greene and located at Ocean Avenue and San Carlos Street center median divider in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The Memorial Arch was designated as a significant monument in the city's Downtown Historic District Property Survey, The Memorial Arch was recorded with the Department of Parks and Recreation on November 16, 2001. The Memorial Arch has been a historic landmark since November 1921, when it was built for Carmel World War I veterans. The Spanish Mission Revival style arch is constructed of Carmel sandstone.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Frankish tower of Lilaia
The Frankish tower of Lilaia is a late medieval tower near Lilaia, in Phocis, central Greece.

Lilaia lies on the northern slopes of Mount Parnassus and close to the springs of the Boeotic Cephissus. The tower lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southeast of the modern settlement, at the site of the acropolis of ancient Lilaea. The tower is built on top of the well-preserved Classical-era city wall, and its lower part is built entirely of reused spolia, whereas the upper parts are built with quarried stone and brick.

The tower measures 13.3 metres (44 ft) by 7.6 metres (25 ft), with walls about 1.65 metres (5.4 ft) thick, and survives to a height of approximately 10 metres (33 ft). Its entrance was above-ground at the level of the first floor, on the western wall. Its exception size makes it very likely that it was the centre of an estate or fief.

Cephissus (Boeotia)
The Cephissus (Ancient Greek: Κήφισσος), called the Boeotian Cephissus to distinguish it from other rivers of the same name, or Kifisos (Greek: Βοιωτικός Κηφισός) is a river in central Greece. Its drainage basin is 1,958 km2 (756 sq mi).  The river rises at Lilaia in Phocis, on the northwestern slope of Mount Parnassus. It flows east through the Boeotian plain, passing the towns Amfikleia, Kato Tithorea and Orchomenos. It drained into Lake Copais, which was therefore also called the Cephisian Lake, until 1887, when the lake was eliminated in favor of agricultural land. An artificial outflow has been created to Lake Yliki (ancient Hylice), further east.
Church of the Poison Mind
"Church of the Poison Mind" is a 1983 hit single by the British new wave band Culture Club. It was released as the lead single from their second, and most successful, album Colour by Numbers. The song reached #2 in the United Kingdom, being kept out of the top spot by David Bowie's "Let's Dance". It was also the band's fourth Top 10 hit in Canada and the United States. In America, it was still climbing the charts when "Karma Chameleon" was released as a single. Epic Records released "Karma" ahead of schedule. "Church of the Poison Mind" reached its peak position the same week "Karma Chameleon" debuted on the US chart. In many countries its B-side was the heavily percussive street song "Man Shake" and in some others, such as the United States, it was the song "Mystery Boy". Both songs were on the 12-inch single in many countries, except Canada, where it was issued with an extended version of previous hit "I'll Tumble 4 Ya".

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
5th Parliament of Singapore
The 5th Parliament of Singapore was a meeting of the Parliament of Singapore. It commenced its first and only session on 3 February 1981 and was dissolved on 4 December 1984.

The members of the 5th Parliament were elected in the 1980 general election. Parliament was controlled by a People's Action Party majority, led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and his Cabinet. The Speaker was Dr Yeoh Ghim Seng.

Two seats were vacated during the term: on 14 October 1981, Anson's MP Devan Nair vacated his seat to assume his presidency, resulting in the first-ever presence of any opposition-elect with Workers' Party MP J. B. Jeyaretnam winning the ensuing by-election. Exactly two years later on 14 October 1983, Havelock's MP Hon Sui Sen died during the term, but a by-election was not called unlike Anson's case and thus allowing the seat to become vacant until the end of term.

Anson Constituency
Anson Constituency was a constituency in Singapore. It used to exist from 1959 to 1988. During the 1988 electoral reforms, most of the constituency was merged into Tiong Bahru Group Representation Constituency (GRC) while the reminder was merged into Tanjong Pagar Single Member Constituency (SMC).
Bill Landrum
Thomas William Landrum (born August 17, 1957) is an American former professional baseball right-handed relief pitcher.  He played eight seasons in Major League Baseball with four teams, the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Montreal Expos from 1986 to 1993.

Landrum finished sixth in the National League in saves with 26 in 1989 and had a 1.67 earned run average that season and finished seventh in the NL in saves with 17 in 1991 with the Pirates.

In 361.1 innings pitched over 268 games, Landrum handled 76 total chances (31 putouts, 45 assists) without an error for a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage.

His father Joe Landrum pitched for the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1950s.

Bill Landrum has retired and lives in Columbia, South Carolina.

Total chances
In baseball statistics, total chances (TC), also called chances offered, represents the number of plays in which a defensive player has participated. It is the sum of putouts plus assists plus errors. Chances accepted refers to the total of putouts and assists only.
Zoya (1944 film)
Zoya (Russian: Зоя) is a 1944 Soviet biographical war film directed by Lev Arnshtam. Margarita Aliger’s  poem with the same name  which had been published in September 1942 was the inspiration of the film. It was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival.

Margarita Aliger
Margarita Iosifovna Aliger (Russian: Маргари́та Ио́сифовна Алиге́р, IPA: [mərɡɐˈrʲitə ɪˈosʲɪfəvnə ɐlʲɪˈɡʲɛr] ⓘ; née Zeliger; October 7 [O.S. September 24] 1915 – August 1, 1992) was a Soviet-Russian poet, translator, and journalist.
Stanton Battery Energy Storage
Stanton Battery Energy Storage (SBES) is a 68.8 MW / 275.2 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) located in Stanton, California. The facility uses lithium-ion battery cells manufactured by Samsung and was, at the time of its completion, the 15th-largest standalone battery operating within the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) market.

The facility is operated by Wellhead Electric Company, a California-based Independent Power Producer (IPP). Wellhead also operates the physically adjacent Stanton Energy Reliability Center (SERC), a 98 MW natural gas-fired simple cycle power plant with accompanying 10 MW BESS. Stanton Battery Energy Storage was developed in part to allow for the phase-out of the natural gas portion of the existing SERC facility, which currently operates infrequently only as a peaker plant.

Stanton, California
Stanton is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The population was 37,962 at the 2020 United States census. The city was incorporated in 1956 and operates under the council–manager form of government, providing a full range of municipal services. Stanton is bounded by Cypress on the west, Anaheim on the north and east, and Garden Grove on the east and south.
Area code 260
Area code 260 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Indiana. Cities in the service area include Angola, Auburn, Bluffton, Butler, Columbia City, Decatur, Fort Wayne, Huntington, New Haven, and Wabash.

Auburn, Indiana
Auburn is a city in DeKalb County, Indiana, United States. The population was 13,412 at the 2020 census. Founded in 1836 by Wesley Park (1811–1868), the city is the county seat of DeKalb County. Auburn is also known as Home of the Classics.
Electoral district of Toongabbie
Toongabbie was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created at the 2004 redistribution of electoral districts largely replacing the abolished district of Wentworthville. It was contested for the first time in the 2007 general election and abolished in the 2013 redistribution, largely replaced by Seven Hills. Its only member was a former Premier of New South Wales, Nathan Rees from the Labor Party.

2007 New South Wales state election
The 2007 New South Wales state election was held on Saturday, 24 March 2007. The entire Legislative Assembly and half of the Legislative Council was up for election. The Labor Party led by Morris Iemma won a fourth four-year term against the Liberal–National coalition led by Peter Debnam.

Labor's majority survived the election almost intact going from a 13 seat majority prior to the election to a marginally decreased 11 seat majority. The Liberals succeeded in taking two independent-held seats and one Labor-held seat, whilst the Nationals and an independent each took one Labor-held seat. This would be NSW Labor's last state election win until 2023. It also remains the most recent contest in which NSW Labor formed a majority government.
Rodney Street, Liverpool
Rodney Street in Liverpool, England, is noted for the number of doctors who practise there and its Georgian architecture. It is sometimes referred to as the "Harley Street of the North". Together with Hope Street and Gambier Terrace it forms the Rodney Street conservation area. There are over 60 Grade II listed buildings on the street and one Grade II* former church.

William Roscoe
William Roscoe (8 March 1753 – 30 June 1831) was a British banker, lawyer and politician. He is best known as one of England's first abolitionists, and as the author of the poem for children The Butterfly's Ball, and the Grasshopper's Feast. In his day he was also respected as a historian and art collector, as well as a botanist and miscellaneous writer. The standard author abbreviation Roscoe is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Ghoddauda Pipra
Ghoddauda Pipra  is a village development committee in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 3,227 people living in 488 individual households. There were 1,680 males and 1,547 females at the time of census.

Narayani Zone
Narayani (Nepali: नारायणी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones to Provinces, located in the central south of the country. The headquarter of Narayani zone was Hetauda. Narayani Zone is named after the Narayani River which is on the western border of the zone, separating it from the Gandaki and Lumbini zones. Narayani means beloved of Narayan which is Parvati his sister, and Narayan refers to Lord Vishnu (the preserver) in the Hindu religion.
2004 Malawian general election
General elections were held in Malawi on 20 May 2004 to elect a President and members of the National Assembly. The election had originally been scheduled for 18 May but was postponed for two days in response to opposition complaints of irregularities in the voter roll. By 22 May no results had been announced, leading to protests from the opposition and threats of disorder. On 25 May the Malawi Electoral Commission finally announced the results of the election. Bingu wa Mutharika, the candidate of the ruling United Democratic Front, was declared the winner of the presidential poll, whilst the Malawi Congress Party won most seats in the National Assembly vote. Voter turnout was around 62%.

National Assembly (Malawi)
The National Assembly of Malawi is the supreme legislative body of the nation. It is situated on Capital Hill, Lilongwe along Presidential Way. The National Assembly alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in Malawi. At its head is the Speaker of the House who is elected by their peers. Since October 29, 2025, the Speaker is Sameer Suleman.

The 1994 Constitution provided for a Senate, but Parliament repealed it. Malawi therefore has a unicameral legislature in practice. The National Assembly has 229 members of Parliament (MPs) who are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple majority (or first-past-the-post) system and serve five-year terms.
Barthélemy Hervart
Barthélemy Hervart or Herwart (16 August 1607 – 22 October 1676) was a Huguenot banker.  He saved the French monarchy on several occasions during the Fronde, the series of civil wars in France in the mid-17th century, by means of important loans, and during the period of the fall of Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finance Nicolas Fouquet.

Along with his brother and several other partners, Hervart took part in the financing of the salt marsh drainage project in Arles and Les Baux.

Controller-General of Finances
The Controller-General or Comptroller-General of Finances (French: Contrôleur général des finances) was the name of the minister in charge of finances in the Kingdom of France from 1661 to 1791. It replaced the former position of Superintendent of Finances (Surintendant des finances), which was abolished with the downfall of Nicolas Fouquet. It did not hold any real political power until 1665, when First Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who had acted upon financial matters since Fouquet's embezzlement charge, was appointed to the office.
Rancho Soulajule
Rancho Soulajule  was a  10,898-acre (44.10 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Marin County, California given in 1844  by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to José Ramón Mesa.  The grant extended along Walker Creek.  The southern boundary was defined as Rancho Corte Madera de Novato.

Manuel Micheltorena
Joseph Manuel María Joaquin Micheltorena y Llano (8 June 1804 – 7 September 1853) was a brigadier general and adjutant-general of the Mexican Army, governor of California, commandant-general and inspector of the department of Las Californias, then within Mexico. Micheltorena was the last non-Californian born Mexican governor, preceding the San Gabriel–born Pío Pico, the last provincial governor.
The Fid
The Fid (68°39′S 65°58′W﻿ / ﻿68.650°S 65.967°W﻿ / -68.650; -65.967) is a sharp peak rising to 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) at the eastern side of the mouth of Cole Glacier in southern Graham Land, Antarctica. The peak was photographed from the air by the United States Antarctic Service on September 28, 1940 and was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in December 1958. The name, bestowed by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, derives from its shape, which suggests the conical wooden pin used in splicing, known as a fid.

United States Antarctic Program
The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has a presence in the Antarctica continent. Founded in 1959, the USAP manages all U.S. scientific research and related logistics in Antarctica as well as aboard ships in the Southern Ocean.