hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1873 Alpago earthquake
The 1873 Alpago earthquake occurred near the Italian city of Belluno on 29 June in the geologically active Alpago Valley of the Veneto region; the zone is rated as two on a four-degree risk scale (one being the highest). The 6.3 magnitude quake was rated as IX–X (Violent–Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Intensities greater than VII (Very strong) were confined to the provinces of Belluno, Treviso and Pordenone.

Province of Treviso
The province of Treviso (Italian: provincia di Treviso) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Treviso. The province is surrounded by Belluno in the north, Vicenza in the west, Padua in southwest, Venice in the south-east and Friuli-Venezia Giulia in the east. The current President of Treviso province is Stefano Marcon, elected in December 2021 for second term. He is also the current mayor of Castelfranco Veneto.
Rhyzodiastes polinosus
Rhyzodiastes polinosus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1981. It is found in the Caroline Islands (Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia). Rhyzodiastes polinosus measure 5.1–7.8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) in length.

Rhysodinae
Rhysodinae is a subfamily (sometimes called wrinkled bark beetles) in the family Carabidae. There are 19 genera and at least 380 described species in Rhysodinae. The group of genera making up Rhysodinae had been treated as the family Rhysodidae in the past, and subsequent DNA analysis then placed it within Carabidae, where it was sometimes treated as the tribe Rhysodini, but the most recent analyses place it as a subfamily in a clade along with subfamilies Paussinae and Siagoninae, forming a sister to the remaining Carabidae.
Patrik Luža
Patrik Luža (born 27 July 1994) is a Slovak professional ice hockey defenceman for Újpesti TE of the Erste Liga.

Luža previously played in the Slovak Extraliga for HC Slovan Bratislava, HK 36 Skalica, HK Dukla Michalovce, MHk 32 Liptovský Mikuláš, MsHK Žilina and HK Dukla Trenčín. He also played for Slovan Bratislava while they were members of the Kontinental Hockey League, playing 81 games in the KHL and scoring three goals and four assists.

On 27 July 2019 Luža signed for TH Unia Oświęcim of the Polska Hokej Liga.

Vlci Žilina
Vlci Žilina is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Žilina. They currently play in the Slovak Extraliga. The club has won the Slovak league championship in 2006. The team is nicknamed Vlci, it means Wolves in English.
Sainte-Hélène-de-Bagot
Sainte-Hélène-de-Bagot (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t elɛn də baɡɔt]) is a municipality in southwestern Quebec, Canada in the Regional County Municipality of Les Maskoutains. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,637.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Nancy Kelsey
Nancy Kelsey (August 1, 1823, in Barren County, Kentucky – August 10, 1896, in Cuyama, California) was a member of the Bartleson–Bidwell Party. She was the first white woman to travel overland from Missouri, seeing Utah and Nevada before crossing the Sierra Nevada mountains into California on November 25, 1841. Wife of Benjamin Kelsey, and the mother of eight surviving children, she is sometimes referred to as the "Betsy Ross of California" for her role in creation of the original Bear Flag from which Bear Flag Rebellion got its name.

Flag of California
The flag of California, known as the Bear Flag, is the official flag of the U.S. state of California. The precursor of the flag was first flown during the 1846 Bear Flag Revolt and was also known as the Bear Flag. A predecessor, called the Lone Star Flag, was used in an 1836 independence movement; the red star element from that flag appears in the Bear Flag of today.
Micropsychoanalysis
Micropsychoanalysis is a psychotherapy method. A basic form of micropsychoanalysis was first conceived in the 1950s by Swiss psychiatrist Silvio Fanti and developed systematically by himself and his collaborators, Pierre Codoni and Daniel Lysek, from the 1970s. Micropsychoanalysis has the free association technique as its cornerstone. However, micropsychoanalysis changed the practice of psychoanalysis with new and other theoretical concepts.  The aim of micropsychoanalysis is the study of the psychic apparatus and the establishment of a better psychosomatic homeostasis.

Free association (psychology)
Free association is the expression (as by speaking or writing) of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes. The technique is used in psychoanalysis (and also in psychodynamic theory) which was originally devised by Sigmund Freud out of the hypnotic method of his mentor and colleague, Josef Breuer.

Freud described it as such: "The importance of free association is that the patients spoke for themselves, rather than repeating the ideas of the analyst; they work through their own material, rather than parroting another's suggestions."
Trongate
Trongate is one of the oldest streets in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Trongate begins at Glasgow Cross, where the steeple of the old Glasgow Tolbooth is situated, being the original centre of medieval Glasgow, and goes westward changing its name to Argyle Street at Glassford Street.  In modern times, it forms the notional southern boundary of the Merchant City area.

Merchant City
The Merchant City, a new name introduced through urban renewal by the Scottish Development Agency and the city council in the 1980s is one part of the metropolitan central area of Glasgow. It commences at George Square and goes eastwards reaching  Glasgow Cross, in the centre of Glasgow, Scotland.  The eastern fringe of the Merchant City contains part of Glasgow's original medieval street plan, which stretches northwards towards neighbouring Townhead.

It contains offices, flats, retail shops, restaurants, and bars. Part of the campus of the  University of Strathclyde occupies the area. The Merchant City is home to several repurposed buildings including the City Halls & Old Fruitmarket, Merchant Square, and the Scottish Youth Theatre. It hosts many annual festivals.

The approximate definition of the Merchant City is the area defined by George Street to the north, High Street to the east, Trongate to the south, and Queen Street to the west.
Jiangdong, Chao'an County
Jiangdong (simplified Chinese: 江东镇; traditional Chinese: 江東鎮; pinyin: Jiāngdōng Zhèn,) is a town located in Chao'an District, Chaozhou, in eastern Guangdong province, China. The town is located on an island surrounded by the water of the Han River, and enjoys a humid climate. As a result, it is nicknamed "Xizhong" (Chinese: 溪中; pinyin: Xīzhōng; lit. 'in the middle of the stream'). The town is largely agrarian, and is known for food products. It is also the home of Zhenmei Food Group Company.

Jiangdong has an area of 38 square kilometres (15 sq mi), and a population of 72,205 as of 2008.

Bamboo shoot
Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots (new bamboo culms that come out of the ground) of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis. They are used as vegetables in numerous Asian dishes and broths. They are sold in various processed shapes and are available in fresh, dried, and canned versions.

Raw bamboo shoots contain cyanogenic glycosides, natural toxins also contained in cassava. The toxins must be destroyed by thorough cooking, and for this reason, fresh bamboo shoots are boiled before being used in other ways. The toxins are also destroyed in the canning process.
Timothy Ruggles (Nova Scotia politician)
Timothy Ruggles (March 7, 1776 – February 21, 1831) was a merchant, farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Granville township in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1818 to 1831.

He was born in Granville, Nova Scotia, the son of Timothy Ruggles and the grandson of the loyalist general Timothy Ruggles (who died in Nova Scotia). He married Jane, the daughter of Edward Thorne. Ruggles was a partner in business with his nephew Stephen S. Thorne, who later also represented Granville in the provincial assembly.

Granville Centre, Nova Scotia
Granville Centre is a rural Canadian community located in Annapolis County on the north shore of the Annapolis River in western Nova Scotia. The community is named after John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville.
Harish-Chandra isomorphism
In mathematics, the Harish-Chandra isomorphism, introduced by Harish-Chandra (1951),
is an isomorphism of commutative rings constructed in the theory of Lie algebras. The isomorphism maps the center  of the universal enveloping algebra  of a reductive Lie algebra  to the elements  of the symmetric algebra  of a Cartan subalgebra  that are invariant under the Weyl group .

Harish-Chandra
Harish-Chandra (né Harishchandra) FRS (11 October 1923 – 16 October 1983) was an American mathematician and physicist who did fundamental work in representation theory, especially harmonic analysis on semisimple Lie groups.
CFXL-FM
CFXL-FM (103.1 FM, XL 103) is a radio station in Calgary, Alberta. Owned by Stingray Group, it broadcasts a classic hits format. CFXL's studios are located on Centre Street Northeast just north of downtown Calgary, while its transmitter is located on Old Banff Coach Road in western Calgary.

As of Winter 2020, CFXL is the 6th-most-listened-to radio station in the Calgary market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.

Numeris
Numeris (formerly the Bureau of Broadcast Measurement, or BBM Canada) is a Canadian audience measurement organization. Established on May 11, 1944 as a division of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters, Numeris is the sole provider of viewership numbers for television and radio broadcasters in Canada.
PDE6D
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE6D gene. PDE6D was originally identified as a fourth subunit of rod cell-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (EC 3.1.4.35). The precise function of PDE delta subunit in the rod specific GMP-PDE complex is unclear. In addition, PDE delta subunit is not confined to photoreceptor cells but is widely distributed in different tissues. PDE delta subunit is thought to be a specific soluble transport factor for certain prenylated proteins and Arl2-GTP a regulator of PDE-mediated transport.

Phosphodiesterase
A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond.  Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below.  However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases (which all break the phosphodiester backbone of DNA or RNA), as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases.

The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains. PDEs are therefore important regulators of signal transduction mediated by these second messenger molecules.
Boccheggiano
Boccheggiano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Montieri, province of Grosseto, in the area of Colline Metallifere. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 339.

Boccheggiano is about 48 km from Grosseto and 8 km from Montieri, and it is situated along the Provincial Road which links Massa Marittima with Monticiano. It was an important mining village.

Massa Marittima
Massa Marittima (Latin: Massa Veternensis) is a town and comune of the province of Grosseto, southern Tuscany, Italy, 49 km NNW of Grosseto.

There are mineral springs, mines of iron, mercury, lignite and copper, with foundries, ironworks and olive-oil mills. In Follonica, on the coast, there are furnaces where the iron ore of Elba is smelted.
Pontoon (card game)
Pontoon, formerly called vingt-un, is a card game of the banking family for three to ten players and the "British domestic version of Twenty-One," a game first recorded in 17th-century Spain, but which spread to France, Germany and Britain in the late 18th century, and America during the early 19th century. It is neither a variant of nor derived from Blackjack. Both are descended from the early British version of vingt-un. In Britain, it first became known as pontoon during the First World War, the name apparently being a soldier's corruption of its former French name. The game has no official rules and varies widely from place to place. It is a popular family game, but also widely played by children, students, and members of the armed forces. In 1981, pontoon was the third most popular card game in Britain after rummy and whist. It has been described as "an amusing round game and one which anyone can learn in a few minutes."

David Parlett
David Parlett (born 18 May 1939 in London) is a games scholar, historian, and translator from South London, who has studied both card games and board games. He is the president of the British Skat Association.
Rives-du-Fougerais
Rives-du-Fougerais (French pronunciation: [ʁiv dy fuʒʁɛ]) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. It was established on 1 January 2024, with the merger of the communes of Cezais, Saint-Sulpice-en-Pareds and Thouarsais-Bouildroux. Its seat is Thouarsais-Bouildroux.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
Visa requirements for South African citizens
Visa requirements for South African citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Republic of South Africa.

As of 2025, South African citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 102 countries and territories, ranking the South African passport 53rd in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Where visa-free access is permitted, such access is not necessarily a right, and admission is at the discretion of border enforcement officers. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, may require a visa or work permit.

It does not provide for where certain people under the assumption remained British Subjects without Citizenship, then later became British Overseas Citizens or British Subjects in 1983, there are different requirements. See Visa requirements for British Overseas citizens or South African nationality law.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Tower Hill
Tower Hill is the area surrounding the Tower of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is infamous for the public execution of high status prisoners from the late 14th to the mid 18th century. The execution site on the higher ground north-west of the Tower of London moat is now occupied by Trinity Square Gardens.

Tower Hill rises from the north bank of the River Thames to reach a maximum height of 14.5 metres (48 ft) Ordnance Datum. The land was historically part of the Liberties of the Tower of London, an area the Tower authorities controlled to keep clear of any development which would reduce the defensibility of the Tower. Building has encroached to a degree, but a legacy of this control is that much of the hill is still open. The hill includes land on either side of the London Wall, a large remnant of which is visible.

Ordnance datum
An ordnance datum (OD) is a vertical datum used by an Ordnance Survey as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps. A spot height may be expressed as above ordnance datum (AOD). Usually mean sea level (MSL) at a particular place is used for the datum.
Bachman station
Bachman station is a DART rail station in Dallas, Texas. The station is located near Bachman Lake and the interchange between I-35E and Loop 12. The station serves both the Green Line and Orange Line. It is the northernmost station to serve both lines; the Green Line continues north to Carrollton, while the Orange Line continues northwest to Las Colinas and Dallas Fort Worth International Airport.

DART's Northwest Rail Operating Facility is located between Bachman and Walnut Hill/Denton station, which means that some trips terminate at the station to allow vehicles to exit service.

As of May 2025, the station has the highest ridership of all DART rail stations outside of Downtown Dallas, with an average of 2,111 riders on weekdays, 1,628 riders on Saturdays, and 1,457 riders on Sundays.

Texas State Highway Loop 12
Loop 12 is a state highway that runs mostly within the city limits of Dallas, Texas. The western segment of the loop is named after General Walton Walker, who served and died in South Korea. During the 1950s and 1960s, Loop 12 was the outer beltway in the Dallas area, having since been supplanted by I-635, which is itself being supplanted by the President George Bush Turnpike. Loop 12 is, however, the only state highway in Dallas that forms a complete loop (Belt Line Road is also a complete loop but is not a state road except for a stretch as part of FM 1382).
Muhammad Bello Yabo
Muhammad Bello Aliyu Yabo popularly known as Bello Yabo. (born 1 January 1962), is a Nigerian Islamic scholar and cleric from Yabo local government in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Sheikh Yabo criticises Muhammad Buhari administration for insecurity in Northern Nigeria, (Northwest) particularly in Zamfara, Sokoto, Kaduna, Katsina and Niger States.

Katsina (city)
Katsina Listenⓘ
is a Local Government Area and the capital city of Katsina State, in northern Nigeria.

Located some 260 kilometres (160 mi) east of the city of Sokoto and 135 kilometres (84 mi) northwest of Kano, close to the border with Niger Republic, in 2016, Katsina's population was estimated at 429,000.

The city is the centre of an agricultural region noted for production of groundnuts, cotton, hides, millet and guinea corn and also has mills for producing peanut oil and steel. It was also a center for large scale livestock farming of cows, goats, sheep and chickens.

The city has a largely Muslim population, mainly from the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups.
Inspur K-UX
Inspur K-UX is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux produced by Inspur, a Chinese multinational company specializing in information technology. Inspur K-UX 2.0 and 3.0 for x86-64 were officially certified as UNIX systems by The Open Group.

Inspur
Inspur Group is an information technology conglomerate in the People's Republic of China focusing on cloud computing, big data, key application hosts, servers, storage, artificial intelligence and ERP. On April 18, 2006, Inspur changed its English name from Langchao to Inspur. It is listed on the SSE, SZSE, and SEHK.
Tightrope walking
Tightrope walking, also called funambulism, is the skill of walking along a thin wire or rope. It has a long tradition in various countries and is commonly associated with the circus. Other skills similar to tightrope walking include slack rope walking and slacklining.

Wire
A wire is a flexible, round bar of metal. Wires are commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number or cross-sectional area.

Wires are used to bear mechanical loads, often in the form of wire rope. In electricity and telecommunications signals, wire can refer to electrical cable, which can contain a solid core of a single wire or separate strands in stranded or braided forms.

Usually cylindrical in geometry, wire can also be made in square, hexagonal, flattened rectangular, or other cross-sections, either for decorative purposes, or for technical purposes such as high-efficiency voice coils in loudspeakers. Edge-wound coil springs, such as the Slinky toy, are made of special flattened wire.
Maspalomas Lighthouse
The Maspalomas Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de Maspalomas) is an active 19th century lighthouse at the southern end of the Spanish island of Gran Canaria, in the Canary archipelago.  It lies at one end of the Maspalomas beach, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the resort town centre, next to the area known as the Maspalomas Dunes.

The lighthouse is a distinctive landmark in the resort, and is the tallest masonry lighthouse in the Canaries at 56 m (184 ft) being superseded only by the more modern 59 m (194 ft) concrete Morro Jable lighthouse on Fuerteventura.

With a focal height of 60 m (197 ft) above the sea, its light can be seen for 19 nautical miles, and consists of a pattern of three flashes of white light, over a period of thirteen seconds.

Maspalomas Dunes
The Maspalomas Dunes (Spanish: Dunas de Maspalomas) are sand dunes located on the south coast of the island of Gran Canaria, Province of Las Palmas, in the Canary Islands. A 404-hectare (1,000-acre) area of the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, they have been protected as a nature reserve since 1987. They were one of the contenders in the 12 Treasures of Spain competition.

They were formed by sand from the now subdued marine shelf, when it was laid dry during the last ice age and the wind blew the sand towards the coast of the island.
Yo Canto (TV series)
Yo Canto (Spanish for I Sing) is a Puerto Rican singing talent contest that started airing in 2011 on WKAQ-TV, the Telemundo outlet in Puerto Rico. It is produced by Soraya Sánchez, who previously produced the similar show Objetivo Fama, and Beatriz Oliveros. In contrast to Objetivo Fama, Yo Canto features singers from all ages, and contestants can participate as a group or duo.

The show features a group of aspiring singers who compete on a weekly talent show. During each show, contestants are evaluated by a panel judges, and are gradually eliminated until only one prevails. During the time of the show, contestants are "bunkered" in a studio/house where they will live together for several months. The show's first season began airing on February 5, 2011.

The show is hosted by Daniela Droz and Ektor Rivera. The winner of the competition was the Cuban duo FM5.

Manny Manuel
Cruz Manuel Hernández Santiago (born December 1, 1972), known artistically as Manny Manuel, is a Puerto Rican musician and singer of merengue, bolero, and tropical music. He became famous first as a member of the group Los Sabrosos del Merengue, before launching a successful solo career in 1994.