hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John David Jackson (physicist)
John David Jackson (January 19, 1925 – May 20, 2016) was a Canadian–American theoretical physicist. He was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and a faculty senior scientist emeritus at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Jackson was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and was well known for his work in nuclear and particle physics, as well as his widely used graduate text on classical electrodynamics.

Classical electromagnetism
Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of physics focused on the study of interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model. It is, therefore, a classical field theory. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant length scales and field strengths are large enough that quantum mechanical effects are negligible. For small distances and low field strengths, such interactions are better described by quantum electrodynamics which is a quantum field theory.
Paula Luethen
Paula Maria Luethen is an Australian politician. She was a Liberal member of the South Australian House of Assembly from the 2018 state election, representing King, until she lost it at the 2022 state election.

Luethen was a City of Tea Tree Gully councillor before her election to state parliament.

During her maiden speech in parliament, she spoke of domestic violence and being a victim of child sexual abuse in her past.

City of Tea Tree Gully
The City of Tea Tree Gully is a local council in the Australian state of South Australia, in the outer north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The major business district in the city is at Modbury, where Westfield Tea Tree Plaza, Modbury Hospital, the Civic Centre and the library are located.

Howard, Lord Florey, Australian pathologist and co-discoverer of penicillin, was a resident of the City of Tea Tree Gully.
Sympatex
Sympatex is a type of fabric that is branded as waterproof but "breathable", made or licensed by Sympatex Technologies GmbH a company founded in 1986. The fabric features a waterproof, windproof and breatheable membrane that is laminated to fabrics either on its inner surface or sandwiched between two fabric layers (often marketed as "3 layer laminate"). The latter system offers greater durability, by better protecting the integrity of the Sympatex layer from abrasion to both the outside and the inside of the garment.

Lamination
Lamination is the technique/process of manufacturing a material in multiple layers, so that the composite material achieves improved strength, stability, sound insulation, appearance, or other properties from the use of the differing materials, such as plastic. A laminate is a layered object or material assembled using heat, pressure, welding, or adhesives.  Various coating machines, machine presses and calendering equipment are used.

Lamination may be applied to textiles, glass, wood, or other materials. Laminating paper in plastic makes it sturdy, waterproof, and erasable. Laminating metals and electronic components may provide electrical insulation and other benefits.
Longacre Press
Longacre Press was founded in 1995 in New Zealand, by Barbara Larson, Paula Boock, and Lynsey Ferrari, three former workers at McIndoe Publishing, Dunedin. The company was originally located at Dowling Street, close to the city's Exchange Neighbourhood, but later moved to Moray Place in the city centre of Dunedin.

Longacre specialised in non-fiction, including self-help, food, the outdoors, and natural history books. Additionally, it published junior and young-adult fiction, and work by writers such as Owen Marshall, Brian Turner, Lynley Hood, and Jack Lasenby for which it won multiple national book awards.

In 2003, the company took on the catalogue of Shoal Bay Press of Christchurch. At about the same time, the distribution of Longacre's books changed from Macmillan Books to Random House.  Longacre Press was acquired by Random House in 2009.

The Exchange, Dunedin
The Exchange is an area of central Dunedin, in the South Island of New Zealand.

The area was the original heart of Dunedin's CBD, although that has now moved north to an area around the city's central plaza (The Octagon) and George Street, which leads north from it. The Exchange takes its name from the former Dunedin Stock Exchange building, which stood at the heart of the area until it was demolished in the 1960s.
Sandeep Kumar (race walker)
Sandeep Kumar Punia (born 1 May 1986) is an Indian race walker. Subedar Sandeep Serving in Jat Regiment (16) Indian Army represented India in the 50 km race walk event at the 2016 Rio Olympics and in the 20 km race walk event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In the 2022 Commonwealth Games, he won a bronze in the 10 km race walk event.

Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 kilometres walk
The men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro was held on 19 August. Matej Tóth, winner of the 2015 World Championships from Slovakia won the gold medal, reigning Olympic champion Jared Tallent from Australia finished second and Japanese walker Hirooki Arai took the bronze. The winning time was 3:40:58.

Canadian Evan Dunfee was awarded the bronze medal after Athletics Canada successfully filed a protest because Arai had made contact with Dunfee in the last 2 km of race, but the Japanese committee appealed the decision, and the medal was reinstated for Arai.
John Alf Brown
John "Jack" Alf Brown, colloquially known as John Alf or "Big John", (October 1881 – 3 August 1936) was a Welsh international rugby union forward player who played club rugby for Cardiff and county rugby for Glamorgan. Brown was capped seven times for Wales and although he missed facing the first touring South African team in 1906 with Wales, he faced the tourist with both Cardiff and Glamorgan.

Brown was reputed to be an extremely tough and physical forward player, which was reflected in his manual occupation as a coal trimmer at Cardiff Docks. He died in 1936 from Pneumoconiosis.

Cardiff Docks
Cardiff Docks (Welsh: Dociau Caerdydd) is a port in southern Cardiff, Wales. At its peak, the port was one of the largest dock systems in the world with a total quayage of almost 7 mi (11 km). Once the main port for the export of South Wales coal, the Port of Cardiff remains active in the import and export of containers, steel, forest products and dry and liquid bulks.
Order of the Red Banner
The Order of the Red Banner (Russian: Орден Красного Знамени, romanised: Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. It was the highest award of Soviet Russia, subsequently the Soviet Union, until the Order of Lenin was established in 1930. Recipients were recognised for extraordinary heroism, dedication, and courage demonstrated on the battlefield. The Order was awarded to individuals as well as to military units, cities, ships, a train, political and social organisations, and state enterprises. In later years, it was also awarded on the twentieth and again on the thirtieth anniversary of military, police, or state security service without requiring participation in combat (the "Long Service Award" variant).

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
Devon Coast to Coast Cycle Route
The Devon Coast to Coast Cycle Route is a 99-mile waymarked route from Ilfracombe in north Devon to Plymouth in south Devon. It skirts the National Parks of both Exmoor and Dartmoor and incorporates part of the Tarka Trail in the north, The Granite Way from Okehampton to Lydford and Drake's Trail from Tavistock to Plymouth.

Created by Sustrans, the sustainable travel charity, the cycleway runs for over half its length on off-road routes along disused railway lines. The route is part of the National Cycle Network and is designated National Cycle Route 27. It includes the Tarka Trail, the Granite Way and Drake's Trail, all off-road, plus generally quiet country lanes and bridleways. 71 miles (114 km) of the route are designated traffic-free, with at least one section between Braunton and Meeth being 30 miles (48 km) long.

Towns that can be visited along the way include Tavistock, Okehampton, Bideford and Barnstaple.

The route is normally cycled in two or three days.

Walk Wheel Cycle Trust
Walk Wheel Cycle Trust  is a British walking, wheeling and cycling charity, and the custodian of the National Cycle Network.  Until 2025 it was called Sustrans (/ˈsustræns/ SUS-trans; a lexical blend of sustainable and transport),

Its flagship project is the National Cycle Network, which has created 12,763 miles (20,540 kilometres) of signed cycle routes throughout the United Kingdom, including 5,273 mi (8,486 km) of traffic-free paths. The rest of the network is on previously existing and mostly minor roads, in which motor traffic will be encountered.

The charity was founded in 1983, building on the earlier work of a group of cyclists and environmentalists in the Bristol area.
Michael the Brave Bridge, Timișoara
Michael the Brave Bridge (Romanian: Podul Mihai Viteazul), formerly Andrei Șaguna Bridge and Bishop's Bridge, is located in the western Romanian city of Timișoara. It crosses the Bega and connects the Cetate district with the Elisabetin district. It carries private motorized traffic and trolleybuses. The bridge is ten meters wide, and two and a half meters wide for pedestrians. On the sides, at the ends, stairs descend on either side to the Bega Canal cliff.

Bega Canal
The Bega Canal or Begej Canal (Romanian: Canalul Bega; Hungarian: Béga-csatorna) is a navigation canal of Romania and Serbia. It is the first navigation canal built on the present-day territory of Romania, and serves the city of Timișoara. Its name comes from the Bega river. It crosses the territory of Timiș County in western Romania and proceeds into the territory of Serbia, merging with Begej river near the village of Klek.
Loaded (Deacon Blue song)
"Loaded" is a single released by the Scottish band Deacon Blue in 1987.

In an interview given to the Daily Record in 2012, songwriter Ricky Ross explained about "Loaded" that "I’d left the keys to my flat in Glasgow to the guys in the band and they did a backing track on an old 8 track. I came in and started singing stream of consciousness on it, about some of the people we’d met in the record business. Part of the lyric was lifted from an old evangelical children's hymn, "Christ Is The Answer"".

The main B-side, "Long Distance from Just Across the Road", appeared on all versions of the single, which was released on cassette and on 7" and 12" vinyl. Ross has described this stark, echoing song as "[a]n attempt to re-write 'Shore Leave' by Tom Waits." The other songs, "Which Side Are You On" and "Kings of the Western World", appear on the cassette and 12" versions of the single.

Stream of consciousness
In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. It is usually in the form of an interior monologue which is disjointed or has irregular punctuation. While critics have pointed to various literary precursors, it was not until the 20th century that this technique was fully developed by modernist writers such as Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson and Virginia Woolf.

Stream of consciousness narratives continue to be used in modern prose and the term has been adopted to describe similar techniques in other art forms such as poetry, songwriting and film.
National Skill Development Agency
The National Skill Development Agency  (NSDA) attempts to increase Employability of Youth in India. It is a fully autonomous body, constituted with the approval of Union Cabinet of India. On May 9, 2013, the Union Cabinet gave its nod to form NSDA.

Union Council of Ministers
The Union Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which serves to aid and advise the President of India in execution of their functions. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the heads of each of the executive government ministries. Currently, the council is headed by Narendra Modi and consists of 71 fellow members. The council is answerable to the Lok Sabha.

A smaller executive body called the Union Cabinet is the supreme decision-making body in India; it is a subset of the Union Council of Ministers who hold important portfolios and ministries of the government.
Sakanoue
Sakanoue (written: 坂上 or 坂ノ上) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akane Sakanoue (坂ノ上 茜; born 1995), Japanese actress

Sakanoue no Karitamaro (坂上 苅田麿; 727–786), Japanese samurai

Sakanoue no Korenori (坂上 是則), Japanese waka poet

Sakanoue no Mochiki (坂上望城; died c. 975), Japanese waka poet and son of Sakanoue no Korenori

Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (坂上 田村麻呂; 758–811), Japanese general and shōgun

Sakanoue no Korenori
Sakanoue no Korenori (坂上是則) was a Japanese waka poet of the early Heian period. His exact dates of birth and death are unknown, but he was a fourth-generation descendant of Sakanoue no Tamuramaro.

He was one of the Thirty-six Immortals of Poetry and one of his poems was included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. Forty-one of his poems were ultimately included in the imperial anthologies.

He was the father of the poet Mochiki (望城; d. 975).

During his own life he was known primarily as a champion kemari player. On March 2, 905, he and his colleagues kicked a ball 206 times without interruption at the Imperial Court, and were praised by the emperor.

He served as governor of Kaga Province.
Kladara Beach
Kladara Beach (Bulgarian: бряг Кладара, romanized: bryag Kladara, IPA: [ˈbrʲak kɫɐˈdarɐ]) is the 2 km beach forming the south side of Yankee Harbour on the southwest coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Bounded by the base of Provadiya Hook to the west, Oborishte Ridge to the south, and the terminus of Solis Glacier to the east.  It is snow-free in summer.

The beach is named after the ancient and medieval fortress of Kladara in Southeastern Bulgaria.

Glacier terminus
A glacier terminus, toe, or snout, is the end of a glacier at any given point in time. Although glaciers seem motionless to the observer, in reality they are in endless motion and the glacier terminus is always either advancing or retreating. The location of the terminus is often directly related to glacier mass balance, which is based on the amount of snowfall which occurs in the accumulation zone of a glacier, as compared to the amount that is melted in the ablation zone. The position of a glacier terminus is also impacted by localized or regional temperature change over time.
Mun Ikchŏm
Mun Ikchŏm  (Korean: 문익점; Hanja: 文益漸; March 8, 1329 – July 26, 1398) was a politician and Neo-Confucian scholar of the Goryeo period, who was primarily known for introducing cotton to Korea. His original given name was Ikch'ŏm (익첨; 益瞻), his courtesy name was Ilsin (일신; 日新), and his art names were Saŭn (사은; 思隱) and Samudang (삼우당; 三憂堂).

Jinju
Jinju (Korean: 진주; Korean pronunciation: [tɕin.dʑu]) is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It was the location of the first (1592) and second (1593) Sieges of Jinju by Japanese forces during the Imjin War.  The Republic of Korea Air Force Education and Training Command is located in the eastern part of the city.
There are cultural-historical tourist attractions in Jinju such as Jinju Fortress, the Jinju National Museum, and the Nam-gang Prehistoric Site Museum.
Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine, ETA, or MEA) is a naturally occurring organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2NH2 or C2H7NO. The molecule is bifunctional, containing both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid with an odor reminiscent of ammonia.

Ethanolamine is commonly called monoethanolamine or MEA in order to be distinguished from diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEOA). The ethanolamines comprise a group of amino alcohols. A class of antihistamines is identified as ethanolamines, which includes carbinoxamine, clemastine, dimenhydrinate, chlorphenoxamine, diphenhydramine and doxylamine.

Carbinoxamine
Carbinoxamine is an antihistamine and anticholinergic agent. It is used for hay fever, vasomotor rhinitis, mild urticaria, angioedema, dermatographism and allergic conjunctivitis. Carbinoxamine is a histamine antagonist, specifically an H1-antagonist. The maleic acid salt of the levorotatory isomer is sold as the prescription drug rotoxamine.

It was patented in 1947 and came into medical use in 1953. It was first launched in the United States by the McNeil Corporation under the brand name Clistin. Carbinoxamine is available in various countries around the world by itself, combined with decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, and also with other ingredients including paracetamol, aspirin, and codeine.
Internal bleeding
Internal bleeding (also called internal haemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body, and is not usually visible from the outside. It can be a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. head, torso, extremities). Severe internal bleeding into the chest, abdomen, pelvis, or thighs can cause hemorrhagic shock or death if proper medical treatment is not received quickly. Internal bleeding is a medical emergency and should be treated immediately by medical professionals.

Thigh
In anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb.

The single bone in the thigh is called the femur. This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of bone tissue), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a modified hinge joint at the knee.
Manokamna Mandir
Manokamna Mandir ( Maithili: मनोकामना मंदिर ) is an ancient Hindu temple located at Kamtaul village of Harlakhi block in Madhubani district of Mithila region in Bihar, India. According to legend, it is said that the temple existed from Treta Yuga. It is associated with Ramayana.

Madhubani district
Madhubani district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India, and is a part of Darbhanga division. Its administrative headquarters are located in Madhubani. The district has an area of 3,501 square kilometres (1,352 sq mi) and has a population of 4,487,379 (as of 2011).

Madhubani is the largest fish-producing district of Bihar in 2022.
At the Bay
"At the Bay" is a 1922 short story by Katherine Mansfield. It was first published in the London Mercury in January 1922 in twelve sections, and later reprinted in The Garden Party and Other Stories (1922) with a short descriptive coda which is now the thirteenth section. The story represents Mansfield’s best mature work, a luminous example of her literary impressionism. While writing it at the Chalet des Sapins in Montana (now Crans-Montana), Switzerland, she was coming to terms with her relationship with her husband John Middleton Murry and with her own origins and identity.

Along with Prelude, The Doll's House and The Garden Party she uses her childhood in what are her most famous New Zealand stories, stories which display her talent at its most commanding and indescribable. She saw them as part of a “novel” to be called Karori (after the suburb she grew up in) and having two story cycles about the Burnell family and the Sheridan family.

Crans-Montana
Crans-Montana (French: [kʁɑ̃ mɔ̃tana]) is a municipality and ski resort in the predominantly French-speaking district of Sierre in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The municipality was formed through the merger of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne municipalities on 1 January 2017. The ski resort Crans-Montana was created through the fusion of the two centres of Crans and Montana, and is split between three municipalities, namely Crans-Montana, Icogne, and Lens.
Johannesburg Giants
The Johannesburg Giants Basketball Club are a South African basketball club based in Johannesburg. They play in the South African Championship and will make their debut in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in 2026.

Basketball Africa League
The Basketball Africa League (BAL) is the premier men's basketball league in Africa. Founded in 2019, the league was established and is co-organized by NBA Africa and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).

Each season typically runs from March to June, and in the current format of the league consists of twelve teams. Each of the teams qualify through their performance in their domestic competition. Seven teams qualify directly, while five others have to play in the Road to BAL. The group stage is divided into three conferences, which are followed by playoffs to determine the champions. The BAL champions of each season automatically qualify for the FIBA Intercontinental Cup.

The first season was held in 2021 and thus far, five different champions have won the competition.
Philip Widmer
Philip Widmer (born October 18, 1983) is a Canadian cross-country skier.

Born in Banff, Alberta, Widmer made his World Cup debut in 2005. His best finish to date came in January 2009, when he teamed with Brent McMurtry to finish 9th in the team sprint in Vancouver. His best individual performances came in 2008, when he placed 13th in the sprint event at Canmore. Widmer is the older brother of Heidi Widmer.

Widmer competed in one event at the 2006 Olympics in Turin. He finished 47th in the qualifying portion of the  sprint, failing to advance to the quarterfinals.

Canmore, Alberta
Canmore is a town in Alberta, Canada, located approximately 81 kilometres (50 mi) west of Calgary near the southeast boundary of Banff National Park. It is located in the Bow Valley within Alberta's Rocky Mountains. The town shares a border with Kananaskis Country to the west and south and the Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8 to the north and east. With a population of 17,036 in 2023, Canmore is the fifth-largest town in Alberta.
Corey Clement
Corey Joel Clement (born November 2, 1994) is an American professional football running back. He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers, and was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2017. He won Super Bowl LII with the team his rookie season, catching a touchdown in the game and helping execute the Philly Special.

Wisconsin Badgers football
The Wisconsin Badgers football program represents the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the sport of American football. Wisconsin competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) within the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten). The Badgers have competed in the Big Ten since its formation in 1896. They play their home games at Camp Randall Stadium, the fourth-oldest stadium in college football.

Wisconsin is one of 26 College football programs to win 700 or more games. The program has been one of the most successful since the 1990s. Wisconsin has had two Heisman Trophy winners, Alan Ameche and Ron Dayne, and has had twelve former players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.