hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canton of Châtellerault-3
The canton of Châtellerault-3 is an administrative division of the Vienne department, western France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Châtellerault.

It consists of the following communes:

Châtellerault
Châtellerault (pronounced [ʃatɛlʁo] ⓘ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Châteulrô/Chateleràud; Occitan: Chastelairaud) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in France. It is located in the northeast of the former province Poitou, and the residents are called Châtelleraudais.
American Society for Virology
The American Society for Virology (ASV) is an American scientific society serving the community of researchers in virology. The organization was founded in 1981 and was the first scientific society in the world dedicated exclusively to virology.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Nasal release
In phonetics, a nasal release is the release of a stop consonant into a nasal. Such sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with superscript nasal letters, for example as [tⁿ] in English catnip [ˈkætⁿnɪp]. In English words such as sudden in which historically the tongue made separate contacts with the alveolar ridge for the /d/ and /n/, [ˈsʌdən], many speakers today make only one contact. That is, the /d/ is released directly into the /n/: [ˈsʌdⁿn̩]. Although this is a minor phonetic detail in English (in fact, it is commonly transcribed as having no audible release: [ˈkæt̚nɪp], [ˈsʌd̚n̩]), nasal release is more important in some other languages.

Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are [n], [ŋ] and [m], in words such as nose, bring and mouth.

Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages. There are also other kinds of nasal consonants in some languages.
Potez 25
The Potez 25 (also written as Potez XXV) was a French twin-seat, single-engine sesquiplane designed during the 1920s. A light multi-purpose fighter-bomber, it was designed as a line aircraft and used as a fighter and escort fighter, tactical bombing and reconnaissance missions. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Potez 25 was the standard multi-purpose aircraft of over 20 air forces, including French and Polish. It was also popular among private operators, notably mail transport companies. The aircraft was further developed into the 25M, a standard parasol-wing monoplane, which never entered production.

Strike fighter
In current military parlance, a strike fighter is a multirole combat aircraft designed to operate both as an attack aircraft and as an air superiority fighter. As a category, it is distinct from fighter-bombers, and is closely related to the concept of interdictor aircraft, although it puts more emphasis on aerial combat capabilities.

Examples of notable contemporary strike fighters are the American McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle, Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Lockheed F-35 Lightning II, the Russian Sukhoi Su-34, and the Chinese Shenyang J-16.
Peter P. Walsh
Peter Paul Walsh (1885 – June 28, 1944) was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from the spring of 1926 until April 15, 1933.  He was born and raised in Pittsburgh and was a steel mill worker before joining the police force in 1898.  In 1903 he was promoted to lieutenant and then captain, achieving the rank of inspector in 1907 and commissioner in 1914.  From 1920 until 1926 he worked in the private sector as chief of security for the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company.  He was the father of nine.

In 1928 a grand jury indicted Chief Walsh and some of his command staff for conspiracy to violate the Volstead Act.

Pittsburgh Police
The Pittsburgh Police, officially the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police (PBP), is the largest law enforcement agency in Western Pennsylvania and the third largest in Pennsylvania.  The modern force of salaried and professional officers was founded in 1857 but dates back to the night watchmen beginning in 1794, and the subsequent day patrols in the early 19th century, in the then borough of Pittsburgh.  By 1952 the Bureau had a strength of 1,400 sworn officers; in July 1985, 1,200; and by November 1989, 1,040.
1904 Washington University football team
The  1904 Washington University football team represented Washington University in St. Louis as an independent during the 1904 college football season. Led by L. W. Boynton in his second and final season as head coach, the team compiled a record of 4–7 and was outscored by its opponents 162 to 85. Washington University played all 11 of its games at home in St. Louis, at the newly-opened World's Fair Stadium—now known as Francis Olympic Field—on the grounds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, also known as the St. Louis World's Fair. The stadium also hosted the 1904 Summer Olympics.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
HMS Thrush
Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Thrush, after the Thrush, a type of bird:

HMS Thrush (1806) was an 18-gun brig-sloop, previously the Revenue brig Prince of Wales. She was renamed HMS Thrush in 1806, was used as a powder hulk from 1809 and was wrecked in 1815 and subsequently sold.

HMS Thrush (1856) was a Clown-class screw gunboat launched in 1856 and broken up by 1864.

HMS Thrush (1889) was a Redbreast-class first class gunboat launched in 1889. She was transferred to the Coastguard in 1906, used as a cable ship from 1915, a salvage ship from 1916 and was wrecked in 1917.

Clown-class gunboat
The Clown-class gunboat was a class of twelve gunboats ordered by the Royal Navy in January 1856 for use in the Crimean War, although by the time they were completed, later that year, the Crimean War was over and some of these gunboats were sent to the Far East and took part in the Second Opium War.
Here We Stand (Cock Sparrer album)
Here We Stand, released in November 2007, is the 6th studio album by English punk rock band Cock Sparrer. Recorded by former Vibrators bassist, Pat Collier, and mixed by Rancid's Lars Frederiksen and Michael Rosen, the album is the band's first new material for ten years. In addition to the 14-track CD version, the album was also released on vinyl as a picture disc. The tracks "Will You?" and "So Many Things" were omitted to improve the overall sound quality.

A 7-inch picture disc single, limited to 1000 copies, was released at the same time. It contained "Too Late" (the album's opening song), and a rerecorded version of "Because You're Young" exclusive to the picture disc single.

The Vibrators
The Vibrators were a British punk rock band whose greatest success was in 1977–1978 with the albums Pure Mania and V2. Their first Epic Records single "Baby Baby" is considered a punk classic. A year later, their single "Automatic Lover" hit No. 35 on the UK charts.
The Duquesne Duke
The Duquesne Duke is the campus newspaper of Duquesne University.

The Duke has been in operation since March 5, 1925. Written and edited by students, it is published every Thursday during the academic year, excluding exam periods and holidays. The paper provides a mix of campus news, opinions, sports, arts & entertainment, features, editorials, and advertisements. The Duke reports a circulation of approximately 3,000 newspapers every week to upwards of 10,000 undergraduate and graduate students in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Online, The Duke website has averaged over 15,000 views per month since August 2015.

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.
2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 2, 2004 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia has eleven seats in the House, apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.

Jim Moran
James Patrick Moran Jr. (born May 16, 1945) is an American politician who served as the mayor of Alexandria, Virginia, from 1985 until 1990, and as the U.S. representative for Virginia's 8th congressional district, including the cities of Falls Church and Alexandria, all of Arlington County, and a portion of Fairfax County) from 1991 until 2015.

A member of the Democratic Party, Moran chaired the New Democrat Coalition from 1997 until 2001. He is of Irish descent and is the son of James Moran Sr., a former professional football player, and the brother of Brian Moran, former chairman of the Democratic Party of Virginia.
Franz Ernst Heinrich Spitzner
Franz Ernst Heinrich Spitzner (October 31, 1787 – July 2, 1841) was a German educator and philologist who specialized in Homeric studies. He was born in Trebitz, Saxony-Anhalt.

He studied theology and philology at the University of Wittenberg, where he was student of Christian Lobeck (1781–1860). In 1811 he became conrector at the Lyceum at Wittenberg, where two years later he was appointed rector. In 1820 he relocated to the Gymnasium at Erfurt, and in 1824 returned to his former position at the Wittenberg Lyceum.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Maria Rita D'Orsogna
Maria Rita Rosaria D'Orsogna (born 1972) is an Italian and American applied mathematician and environmental advocate. She is a professor of mathematics at California State University, Northridge, where her research interests include mathematical  biology, swarm behaviour, quantitative methods in criminology, and quantifying drug overdoses. She is also known for a successful campaign to prevent offshore drilling for oil in Abruzzo, Italy.

Quantitative methods in criminology
Quantitative methods in criminology is an umbrella term used to describe statistical tools and approaches used to objectively measure and analyze crime-related data. The methods are the primary research methods for examining the distribution, trends and causes of crime. Data is collected through various methods such as field research and survey research that is often used by social scientists and criminologists to establish causal relationships amongst variables as well as understand patterns over time.
Swiss Smile
Swiss Smile is a chain of dental clinics from Switzerland. Founded by dentists and entrepreneurs Golnar and Haleh Abivardi, the company runs branches in various locations besides offering luxury products for oral hygiene.

Dental floss
Dental floss is a cord of thin filaments, typically made of nylon or silk, used in interdental cleaning to remove food and dental plaque from between teeth or places a toothbrush has difficulty reaching or is unable to reach. Its regular use as part of oral cleaning is intended to maintain oral health.

Use of floss is recommended to prevent gingivitis and the build-up of plaque. The American Dental Association claims that up to 80% of plaque can be removed by flossing, and it may confer a particular benefit in individuals with orthodontic devices. However, empirical scientific evidence demonstrating the clinical benefit of flossing as an adjunct to routine tooth brushing alone remains limited.
Eye neoplasm
An eye neoplasm is a rare type of tumor of the eye. Eye neoplasms can affect all parts of the eye, and can either be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous), in which case it is known as eye cancer. Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) or metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.

Squamous-cell carcinoma
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC),  also known as epidermoid carcinoma, comprises a number of different types of cancer that begin in squamous cells. These cells form on the surface of the skin, on the lining of hollow organs in the body, and on the lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.

The squamous-cell carcinomas of different body sites can show differences in their presented symptoms, natural history, prognosis, and response to treatment.
Ted Egger
Theodore Egger (born c. 1977) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Hilbert College, a position he has held since 2023. He was the head football coach for Pearl River Community College from 2017 to 2019 and Hocking College from 2020 to 2022. He also coached for Lock Haven, Texas Lutheran, Adams State, Ferris State, Northwood, and Concordia–St. Paul. He played college football for Lock Haven as a defensive back.

Lock Haven Bald Eagles football
The Lock Haven Bald Eagles football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania located in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. The Bald Eagles play in the NCAA Division II and are members of the Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference.
Professional conduct
Professional conduct is the field of regulation of members of professional bodies, either acting under statutory or contractual powers.

Historically, professional conduct was wholly undertaken by the private professional bodies, the sole legal authority for which was of a contractual nature. These bodies commonly established codes of conduct and ethical codes for the guidance of their members.

In certain areas, where the public interest is considered to be heavily engaged, legislation has been enacted, either replacing professional regulation by statutory legislation, or by a form of supervision of the professional body by a statutory body.

Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to outlaw, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare, or to restrict. It may be contrasted with a non-legislative act by an executive or administrative body under the authority of a legislative act.
Felix Gubelmann
Felix Gubelmann (German pronunciation: [ˈfeːlɪks ˈɡuːbl̩ˌman]; 24 December 1880 – 13 July 1929) was a politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1922 to 1926 and briefly as acting Prime Minister of Liechtenstein In June 1922.

Gamprin
Gamprin (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ɡamˈpriːn] ⓘ) is a municipality of Liechtenstein, on the Rhine on the border with the municipality of Sennwald, in Switzerland. It had 1,690 inhabitants in 2019. The municipality contains the village of Bendern and scattered hamlets and the Liechtenstein Institute and LGT Group.
The Indispensability of Mathematics
The Indispensability of Mathematics is a 2001 book by Mark Colyvan in which he examines the Quine–Putnam indispensability argument in the philosophy of mathematics. This thesis is based on the premise that mathematical entities are placed on the same ontological foundation as other theoretical entities indispensable to our best scientific theories.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Michael Burns (English footballer)
Michael John Burns (born 4 October 1988) is an English footballer. He played in the English Football League for Carlisle United and as a youth player was twice a winner of the FA Youth Cup with Liverpool.

Guiseley A.F.C.
Guiseley Association Football Club is a football club based in Guiseley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football, and play at Nethermoor Park.
Nashville Roller Derby
Nashville Roller Derby is a women's flat-track roller derby league based in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded as Nashville Rollergirls, the league is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
Pannaria emodii
Pannaria emodii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) to foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2001 by the Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen. The type specimen was collected in 1967 by Hiroshi Harada and colleagues from Shodu-Barshong (Bhutan) at an altitude between 3,500 and 3,800 m (11,500 and 12,500 ft).

The lichen has a rosette-shaped thallus up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter with peripheral lobes up to about 3 mm wide. Its ascospores are simple (i.e., without any septa), more or less spherical and colourless, and measure 10–12 by 6–8 μm. The thallus does not show any reactions to standard chemical spot tests, and no lichen products were detected using thin-layer chromatography. Pannaria emodii is found in the eastern Himalayas with a geographic range extending from Bhutan to Sichuan, China.  In India, Pannaria emodii often associates with moss genus Hyophila.

Pannariaceae
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
Doctor Syn (film)
Doctor Syn (Dr. Syn in the United States) is a 1937 British black-and-white historical dramatic adventure film, directed by Roy William Neill for Gainsborough Pictures. It stars George Arliss (in his last feature film), Margaret Lockwood, Graham Moffatt, and Ronald Shiner. The film is based on the Doctor Syn novels of Russell Thorndike, set in 18th-century Kent. The character of Syn and the events at the film's climax were both softened considerably in comparison to Thorndike's original storyline.

Russell Thorndike
Arthur Russell Thorndike (6 February 1885 – 7 November 1972)  was a British actor and novelist, best known for the Doctor Syn of Romney Marsh novels. Less well-known than his sister Sybil but equally versatile, Russell Thorndike's first love was writing and, after serving in World War I, he devoted himself to it.
IFA Women's Challenge Cup
For the equivalent tournament in the Republic of Ireland, see FAI Women's Cup.

The IFA Women's Challenge Cup or Irish Women's Cup is the annual cup competition of women's football teams in Northern Ireland. Currently branded as Electric Ireland Women's Challenge Cup due to sponsorship. It was first contested in 2005.

Electric Ireland
Electric Ireland (Irish: Leictreachas Éireann) is an Irish utility company that supplies electricity, gas and related services to business and residential customers in Ireland. It is the supply division of the Electricity Supply Board, the state-owned former monopoly electricity company in Ireland. The company now operates in an open market, competing for the retail supply of gas and electricity to consumers. Electric Ireland also sells a variety of energy-related products and services including smart home technology, electric vehicle home chargers, solar PV panels, battery storage.

The business was known previously as ESB Customer Supply and ESB Independent Energy before 4 April 2011. Those brands were transitional; in January 2012, all references to ESB were dropped and it is simply known as Electric Ireland.