hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hurewicz theorem
In mathematics, the Hurewicz theorem is a basic result of algebraic topology, connecting homotopy theory with homology theory via a map known as the Hurewicz homomorphism. The theorem is named after Witold Hurewicz, and generalizes earlier results of Henri Poincaré.

Group isomorphism
In abstract algebra, a group isomorphism is a function between two groups that sets up a bijection between the elements of the groups in a way that respects the given group operations. If there exists an isomorphism between two groups, then the groups are called isomorphic. From the standpoint of group theory, isomorphic groups have the same properties and need not be distinguished.
Madonna in media
American entertainer Madonna debuted in media in the early 1980s. Explorations of her image and rise to popularity have expanded to academic and media studies, at times transcending Madonna's own career with some noting a broader impact on celebrity culture.

James L. Baughman
James L. Baughman (January 10, 1952 - March 26, 2016) was an American mass communication historian, and the Fetzer-Bascom Professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Bismarck Municipal Ballpark
Bismarck Municipal Stadium is a baseball stadium in Bismarck, North Dakota. Built in 1921, the stadium was reconfigured in 1992 and renovated again in 2014.

Since 1928, it has been home to the Bismarck Governors (American Legion Lloyd Spetz Post No. 1) team. In the 1930s, it was home to the Bismarck Churchills independent team, most famous for having Baseball Hall of Famer Satchel Paige leading its roster. It was also home to the minor league baseball teams, the Bismarck Capitals (1922–1923), Bismarck Barons (1955–1957) and Bismarck-Mandan Pards (1962–1964, 1966).

Currently, it is home to the Bismarck Larks of the Northwoods League, a collegiate summer baseball league.

Northwoods League
The Northwoods League is a collegiate summer wooden-bat baseball and softball league. The teams are located in the Northwoods region of the Upper Midwestern United States and Northwestern Ontario, mostly in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Other teams are located in Michigan, North Dakota, Iowa, Illinois and Indiana. As of 2025, over 400 Northwoods League alums have gone on to play in Major League Baseball, including Max Scherzer, Marcus Semien, Matt Chapman, Curtis Granderson, Chris Sale, Brandon Crawford, Ben Zobrist, and Pete Alonso.
Valle de Bravo Region
Region I (Spanish: Región 1. Valle de Bravo) is an intrastate region within the State of Mexico, one of 16.  It borders the states of Michoacán in the west corner of the state.  The region comprises thirteen municipalities: Amanalco, Otzoloapan, Valle de Bravo, Santo Tomás, Zacazonapan,.  It is largely rural.

Intrastate region
The intrastate regions (Spanish: regiones), and sometimes districts (Spanish: distritos) are collections of municipalities in a Mexican state that are grouped together to support the administration of the state government and are not regulated by the Constitution of Mexico. The reasons for such a grouping include simplicity of administration and keeping statistics, politics, as well as geographic relationship (such as being part of a particular valley.)
James R. Van Den Elzen
James R. Van Den Elzen (April 20, 1931 – September 6, 2012) was a brigadier general in the United States Marine Corps. Van Den Elzen enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1951. He was commissioned an officer the following year. He retired in 1985. Van Den Elzen was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Awards he received during his career include the Defense Superior Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V", the Joint Service Commendation Medal, and the Purple Heart.

"V" device
A "V" device is a metal 1⁄4-inch (6.4 mm) capital letter "V" with serifs which, when worn on certain decorations awarded by the United States Armed Forces, distinguishes a decoration awarded for combat valor or heroism from the same decoration being awarded for a member's actions under circumstances other than combat.

The decorations with which a "V" may be authorized differ among the military services, as well as the manner in which the "V" is worn and the name by which it is referred to. Until 2017, each service also used different criteria in determining whether a "V" could be authorized.
Akita Sports Plus ASP Stadium
Akita Sports Plus ASP Stadium (秋田スポーツPLUS ASPスタジアム, Akita Supo-tsu Purasu ASP sutajiamu) for their sponsor the Akita Sports Plus, is a football stadium in Akita, Akita Prefecture, Japan. The stadium has a capacity of 4,992 and has been the home ground of J3 League club Blaublitz Akita since 2013. It was formerly known as Akita Yabase Playing Field. Since September 2014 it had been called Akigin Stadium for the naming rights by Akita Bank.

Akita (city)
Akita (秋田市, Akita-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and most populous city of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and has been designated a core city since 1 April 1997. As of 1 August 2023, the city has an estimated population of 300,502 persons in 136,628 households and a population density of 332 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 906.07 square kilometres (349.84 sq mi).
HMS Superb (1907)
HMS Superb was one of three Bellerophon-class dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She spent almost her whole career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive action of 19 August, her service during the First World War generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea.

Superb was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in October 1918 and became its flagship. She supported Allied forces in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea after the war ended in November. The ship was deemed obsolete and was reduced to reserve when she returned home in early 1919 and was then used as a training ship. Superb was used for gunnery experiments in 1920 and then became a target ship in 1922. The ship was sold for scrap late that year and broken up in 1923.

Target ship
A target ship is a vessel — typically an obsolete or captured warship — used as a seaborne target for naval gunnery practice or for weapons testing. Targets may be used with the intention of testing effectiveness of specific types of ammunition; or the target ship may be used for an extended period of routine target practice with specialized non-explosive ammunition. The potential consequences of a drifting wreck require careful preparation of the target ship to prevent pollution, or a floating or submerged collision risk for maritime navigation.
Union Church of Dunnigan
Union Church of Dunnigan (also known as Dunnigan Community Church) is a historic church located at 3615 County Road 89A in Dunnigan, California. The Gothic Revival church construction began in 1892, and was completed in 1894. Its design features pointed arch windows and doorways and a louvered bell tower with a working bell. As a union church, the church was not connected to any specific denomination and was instead used for all community religious functions. In addition to services for the community's various congregations, the church hosted visiting preachers, weddings, funerals, baptisms, and a yearly Christmas bazaar during the 1960s and 1970s.

The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Louver
A louver (American) or louvre (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a window blind or shutter with horizontal slats that are angled to admit light and air, but to keep out rain and direct sunshine. The angle of the slats may be adjustable, usually in blinds and windows, or fixed, such as in shutters.
French post offices abroad
The French post offices abroad were a global network of post offices in foreign countries established by France to provide mail service where the local services were deemed unsafe or unreliable.  They were generally set up in cities with some sort of French commercial interest.

They started appearing in the early 19th century, reached their heyday at the beginning of the 20th century, then started closing down in the 1910s and 1920s, with the office at Kwangchou in China holding out until the 1940s.

Offices abroad:

French post offices in China

French post offices in Crete

French post offices in Egypt

French post offices in the Ottoman Empire

French post offices in Zanzibar

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Black T Igwe
Black T Igwe formerly Black T also known as Eric Yaw Otu, born in Obuasi (Ghana), is a Togolese singer, musical arranger, beatmaker and singer-songwriter of Ghanaian origin

He has been based in Togo since 1999, where he actively pursues his musical activities under his record label Black Music Production now Wish Me Well Music (WMWM) and the Chronos'One Family collective.

Lomé
Lomé (UK: /ˈloʊmeɪ/ LOH-may, US: /loʊˈmeɪ/ loh-MAY) is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 while there were 2,188,376 permanent residents in its metropolitan area as of the 2022 census. Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest corner of the country, with its entire western border along the easternmost edge of Ghana's Volta Region, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center, which includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and oil palm kernels.

Its city limits extends to the border with Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the South Ketu district where the city is situated, had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-border agglomeration of which Lomé is the centre has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
Denis Mahon (British Army officer)
Major Denis Mahon was the Irish landlord of Strokestown in County Roscommon who was shot and killed during the Great Famine of Ireland. His death is considered the first murder of a landlord during the Great Famine and to this day there is debate over the real reason for his murder and the identity of those responsible. Mahon's murder caused panic among the aristocracy and turned English public opinion against the Irish in the midst of the Black ‘47.

County Roscommon
County Roscommon (Irish: Contae Ros Comáin) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the province of Connacht and the Northern and Western Region. It is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 26th most populous. Its county town and largest town is Roscommon. Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,259 as of the 2022 census.
Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman (sometimes shortened as Fetch!) is an American live-action/animated television series that aired on PBS Kids Go! and is largely targeted toward children ages 6–10. It is a reality competition hosted by Ruff Ruffman, an animated anthropomorphic dog who dispenses challenges to the show's real-life contestants. The series aired from May 29, 2006, to November 4, 2010, on PBS across five seasons and 100 episodes, and featured 30 contestants. Although a sixth season was planned, with auditions taking place in January 2010, WGBH announced on June 14, 2010, that the series would end due to lack of funding. In June 2008, the series received its first Emmy for Best Original Song for its theme.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
1885 Manchester City Council election
Elections to Manchester City Council were held on Monday, 2 November 1885. One third of the councillors seats were up for election, with each successful candidate to serve a three-year term of office. Owing to the extension of the city's boundaries, three new wards (Bradford, Harpurhey, and Rusholme) elected all of their councillors for the first time.

The Liberal Party retained overall control of the council.

Bradford, Manchester
Bradford is a district of east Manchester, England, two miles north east of the city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 15,784. Historically in Lancashire, after the closure of its heavy industries Bradford was for many years an economically deprived area but has undergone regeneration with the building of the City of Manchester Stadium which hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games and is now home to Manchester City F.C. Bradford is neighboured by Beswick to the south and the two areas are sometimes referred to as Bradford-with-Beswick. The River Medlock and the Ashton Canal run through Bradford.
Delius Glacier
Delius Glacier (69°37′S 71°3′W﻿ / ﻿69.617°S 71.050°W﻿ / -69.617; -71.050) is a glacier, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, flowing west from the Elgar Uplands into Nichols Snowfield, in the northern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1937. It was more accurately mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and from U.S. Landsat imagery of February 1975. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Frederick Delius, the British composer.

Derek and Petra Searle
Derek John Hatherall Searle (born Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, 1928 – 12 September 2003, Norwich) and Petra Leay Searle (born Exeter, Devon, 2 December 1928) are a British couple known for surveying British Overseas Territories and Antarctica in the mid-20th Century. Derek, a photographer and map librarian worked on the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, and Petra worked for Ordnance Survey International, mapping South Georgia.

The Leay Glacier off the coast of Graham Land, Antarctica is named after Petra. Mount Searle on Antartica's Horseshoe Island is named after Derek.
Tigre Hank
Tigre Hank (born 30 September 1991 in Tijuana) is a Mexican tennis player. Hank has a career high ATP singles ranking of 416, achieved on 23 November 2015. Hank made his ATP main draw debut at the 2014 Abierto Mexicano Telcel, where he lost in the first round to Sam Querrey in three sets. He has represented his country in four separate Davis Cup ties, most recently in 2015 against Chile. His father is businessman Jorge Hank Rhon.

Jorge Hank Rhon
Jorge Hank Rhon (born January 28, 1956) is a Mexican businessman and owner of Mexico's largest sports betting company, Grupo Caliente. He served from December 2004 to February 2007 as the president of the municipality of Tijuana. He is the son of former Mexico City mayor Carlos Hank González and Guadalupe Rhon. The Hank family has alleged links to drug trafficking. He has been accused of money laundering,  murder, arrested for possession of unlicensed arms and dealing in the trade of exotic animals.
LGBTQ rights in North Carolina
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of North Carolina may face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents.

Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in North Carolina as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v. Texas, although the state legislature has not repealed its sodomy law. The state has recognized same-sex marriage since October 10, 2014. However, an amendment to a bill prohibiting discrimination against LGBT persons in charter schools has not been signed into law.

Buncombe County, North Carolina
Buncombe County (/ˈbʌŋkəm/ BUNK-um) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is classified within Western North Carolina. The 2020 census reported the population was 269,452, making it the 7th-most populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Asheville. Buncombe County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lacto-N-biosidase
Lacto-N-biosidase (EC 3.2.1.140) is an enzyme with systematic name oligosaccharide lacto-N-biosylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(1) beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc + H2O  beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-D-GlcNAc + beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc

(2) lacto-N-tetraose + H2O  lacto-N-biose + lactose

The enzyme from Streptomyces specifically hydrolyses the terminal lacto-N-biosyl residue (beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-D-GlcNAc) from the non-reducing end of oligosaccharides with the structure beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->R).

Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lac (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars. The compound is a white, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic solid with a mildly sweet taste. It is used in the food industry.
Goodwood Island
Goodwood Island is an island situated between the main channel of the Clarence River and the river's north Arm near Iluka and Woombah, New South Wales Australia. It has a large wharf at the Port of Yamba where ocean traders collect cargo to take to New Zealand, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.

The island is home to a museum, called the Shed Gallery, which features photographs and other objects related to the sugar industry in northern New South Wales.

Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly sucrose and fructose).  In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.

Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugarcane produces several valuable byproducts that play a significant role in supporting economic growth.

Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand. There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.
The Wicker Man (2006 film)
The Wicker Man is a 2006 folk horror film written and directed by Neil LaBute and starring Nicolas Cage, Ellen Burstyn, Kate Beahan, Frances Conroy, Molly Parker, Leelee Sobieski and Diane Delano. It is a remake and reimagining of the 1973 British film The Wicker Man, and draws very loosely from David Pinner's 1967 novel Ritual.

The film concerns police officer Edward Malus, whose ex-fiancée Willow Woodward informs him that her daughter Rowan has disappeared and asks for his help in her search. When he arrives at the island in the Pacific Northwest where Rowan was last seen, he suspects something sinister about the neo-pagans who live there.

The film was panned by critics and grossed $38.8 million. It has developed a cult following over the years.

Diane Delano
Diane Delano (January 29, 1957 – December 13, 2024) was an American character actress. She was known for her numerous roles in films and television, such as Sergeant Barbara Semanski on the CBS television series Northern Exposure and Roberta "Bobbi" Glass on The WB television series Popular.
Lonsdale Power Station
Lonsdale Power Station is a diesel-powered electricity generator in South Australia in Lonsdale, an industrial southern suburb of Adelaide. It is owned by Snowy Hydro since 2014. It consists of 18 diesel reciprocating engines generating up to 21 MW of electricity to meet peak demands in the National Electricity Market.

The power station was designed and built by Cummins Power Generation under contract from Infratil in 2002 on what is now the site of the Port Stanvac Power Station. It was moved along the road to its present site in 2011. Snowy Hydro bought assets from Infratil in 2014. These included Lumo Energy, Direct Connect and three diesel peaking generators for a total of 136 MW. The other two were Angaston Power Station and Port Stanvac Power Station.

It achieves the low emissions mandated by the Environment Protection Agency through selective catalytic reduction technology, matching standards set for gas turbines.

Lumo Energy
Lumo Energy is an Australian energy retailer operating in Victoria and South Australia which has been wholly owned by Snowy Hydro since 2014. The company offers electricity and gas services in Victoria and South Australia. As of October 2017, the company had almost 500,000 customers and a workforce of just under 500 people.
Mairia hirsuta
Mairia hirsuta is a tufted perennial, herbaceous plant of up to 40 cm (1+1⁄3 ft) high, that is assigned to the family Asteraceae. Most of its narrow to broad elliptic or inverted egg-shaped leaves are part of the basal rosette, have margin that is rolled under, with rounded or pointy teeth or with some peg-like extensions, lightly woolly on the upper surface and densely woolly on the underside, but always the green remains visible. Flower heads have been found from July to November, mostly after a fire or when the soil has been disturbed. The species can be found in the southern mountains of the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Langeberg
The Langeberg Range is a mountain range in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its highest peak is Keeromsberg at 2,072 m that lies 15 km northeast of the town of Worcester. Some of the highest peaks of the range are located just to the north of Swellendam, in a subrange known as the Clock Peaks whose highest point is the 1,710 m high Misty Point. Local lore states one can tell the time by means of the shadows cast by the seven summits of the Clock Peaks.
1876 Massachusetts legislature
The 97th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1876 during the governorship of Alexander H. Rice. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John Davis Long served as speaker of the House.

Members earned a salary of $650 per year.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.