hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Joscelyn
Thomas Joscelyn (born 1976) is an American counterterrorism expert. He is a senior fellow at JustSecurity.org, an initiative of the Reiss Center on Law and Security at New York University School of Law. As a former senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, Joscelyn founded and was a senior editor for FDD's Long War Journal, a publication dealing with counterterrorism and related issues. He has served as a trainer for the FBI Counterterrorism Division, as well as being a principal author of the final report for the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack.

Joscelyn's work has been published in publications including The New York Times, Politico, The Daily Beast, and The Weekly Standard. He has also been cited by The Washington Post, The Associated Press, Reuters, USA Today, and Time. In 2023, he was featured in an interview on 60 Minutes.

FBI Counterterrorism Division
The Counterterrorism Division (CTD) is a division of the National Security Branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. CTD investigates terrorist threats inside the United States, provides information on terrorists outside the country, and tracks known terrorists worldwide. In the wake of the September 11 attacks in 2001, CTD's funding and manpower have significantly increased.

The Division employs counterterrorism field operations organized into squads, the number of which varies according to the amount and diversity of activity in the local field office's jurisdiction. Larger field offices, such as Los Angeles, maintain counterterrorism squads for each major terrorist group, as well as for domestic terrorism and terrorist financing, while smaller field offices combined such responsibilities across two to three squads.
Kuczaba
Kuczaba is a mountain in the Owl Mountains, part of Central Sudetes. Its height is 654 m. It lies in Owl Mountains Landscape Park.

The mountain is located next to Jodłownik in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

50°38′51″N 16°35′24″E﻿ / ﻿50.6475°N 16.5901°E﻿ / 50.6475; 16.5901

Owl Mountains
The Owl Mountains (Polish: Góry Sowie; Czech: Soví hory; Silesian: Gōry Ôwce; German: Eulengebirge) are a mountain range of the Central Sudetes in southwestern Poland. It includes a protected area called Owl Mountains Landscape Park.
Humbie Parish Church
Humbie Parish Church is a church in the small village of Humbie, East Lothian, Scotland. It is part of the Church of Scotland, and is a linked charge which joins the parishes of Bolton & Saltoun, Yester and Humbie.

The church lies to the north of the main village, set apart at the bottom of a small valley.

Humbie
Humbie is a hamlet and rural parish in East Lothian, Scotland lying in south-east of the county, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south-west of Haddington and 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Edinburgh. Humbie as it is known today was formed as the result of the union between Keith Marischal and Keith Hundeby in 1618.
Ajay Skaria
Ajay Skaria is a scholar of South Asian Politics and History and is associated with Postcolonial and Subaltern Studies. He is currently teaching at University of Minnesota in the Department of History.

Skaria received his Masters in Medieval Indian History from Maharaja Sayajirao University and a PhD in History from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1992.

Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism is the academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. The field started to emerge in the 1960s, as scholars from previously colonized countries began publishing on the lingering effects of colonialism, developing an analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of imperial power. It is part of the critical theory framework in broader sense, and more narrowly, critical race theory.
Open Source Developers' Conference
The Open Source Developers' Conference (OSDC) was a non-profit conference for developers of open-source software. It was started in Australia in 2004, and later expanded to Israel, Taiwan, Malaysia, France and Norway, where conferences began in 2006, 2007, 2009, 2009 and 2015, respectively. No further conferences have been held since 2015.

The conference was open to talks about software developed for any platform or operating system so long as the talk was of interest to open-source developers. Talks about closed source projects which used open-source languages or open-source projects which used close source languages were accepted.  Talks have covered languages such as Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, Groovy, Scala, Java, Mono and C.  Other talks have covered open-source tools such as databases and revision control systems or meta-topics such as talk presentation hints, and working with others.

Mono (software)
Mono is a free and open-source software framework that aims to run software made for the .NET Framework on Linux and other OSes. Originally by Ximian which was acquired by Novell, it was later developed by Xamarin which was acquired by Microsoft. In August 2024, Microsoft transferred ownership of Mono to WineHQ.
River Continuum Concept
The River Continuum Concept (RCC) is a model for classifying and describing flowing water, in addition to the classification of individual sections of waters after the occurrence of indicator organisms.  The theory is based on the concept of dynamic equilibrium in which streamforms balance between physical parameters, such as width, depth, velocity, and sediment load, also taking into account biological factors.  It offers an introduction to map out biological communities and also an explanation for their sequence in individual sections of water.   This allows the structure of the river to be more predictable as to the biological properties of the water. The concept was first developed in 1980 by Robin L. Vannote, with fellow researchers at Stroud Water Research Center.

Periphyton
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term aufwuchs (German 'surface growth' or 'overgrowth', pronounced [ˈaʊ̯fˌvuːks] ⓘ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants.

Periphyton serves as an important food source for invertebrates, tadpoles, and some fishes. It can also absorb contaminants, removing them from the water column and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality; responses of this community to pollutants can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community-level changes. Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies.
Carmanor (son of Dionysus)
In Greek mythology, Carmanor or Karmanor (Ancient Greek: Καρμάνωρ) was the son of Dionysus and Alexirrhoe. He was said to have been killed by a boar during hunt, and the Lydian mountain Tmolus had allegedly been named "Carmanorium" after him before receiving its newer name.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
From the Big Bang to Tuesday Morning
From the Big Bang to Tuesday Morning (French: Du big bang à mardi matin) is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Claude Cloutier and released in 2000. The film tells the story of the evolution of life on earth in five minutes, through rapid brush-drawn morph animation reminiscent of aquatint prints.

The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Animated Short Film at the 21st Genie Awards, and a Jutra Award nomination for Best Animated Short Film at the 3rd Jutra Awards.

Brush
A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use. The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand hazards of its intended use, such as corrosive chemicals, heat or abrasion. It is used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up,   painting,  surface finishing and for many other purposes.   It is one of the most basic and versatile tools in use today, and the average household may contain several dozen varieties.
Ursula Martin
Dame Ursula Hilda Mary Martin (born 3 August 1953) is a British computer scientist, with research interests in theoretical computer science and formal methods. She is also known for her activities aimed at encouraging women in the fields of computing and mathematics. Since 2019, she has served as a professor at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.

From 2014–2018, Martin was a professor of computer science in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Oxford, and holds an EPSRC Established Career Fellowship. Prior to this she held a chair of Computer Science in the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at Queen Mary, University of London, where she was Vice-Principal of Science and Engineering, 2005–2009.

Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.
Jamek Mosque
Jamek Mosque, officially Sultan Abdul Samad Jamek Mosque (Malay: Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Samad) is one of the oldest mosques in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is located at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers and may be accessed via Jalan Tun Perak.  The mosque was designed by British architect and soldier Arthur Benison Hubback, and built in 1909. It was the principal mosque of Kuala Lumpur until the construction of the national mosque Masjid Negara in 1965.

The name "Jamek" is  the Malay equivalent of the Arabic word jāmiʿ (جامع)  meaning a place where people congregate to worship.  It is also referred to as "Friday Mosque" by the locals.

Ampang and Sri Petaling lines
The LRT Ampang Line and the LRT Sri Petaling Line are light rapid transit (LRT) lines in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The combined network comprises 45.1 kilometres (28.0 mi) of tracks with 36 stations and was the first railway in Malaysia to use standard-gauge track and semi-automated trains.  The lines are operated as part of the Rapid KL system by Rapid Rail, a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia.

A trip from one end to the other takes 41 minutes on the LRT Ampang Line, and 74 minutes on the LRT Sri Petaling Line. The LRT Ampang Line is named after its eastern terminus, Ampang station, while the LRT Sri Petaling Line is named after its former southern terminus, Sri Petaling station.

The LRT Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines form part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System, numbered 3 and 4, and are coloured orange and maroon on official rail maps respectively.
Allin Institute
The Allin Institute is a building in Bandon, County Cork, Ireland. Formerly known as the Bandon Society Rooms, it was renamed in honour of James Allin (1780–1866) following his death in November 1866. Allin had bequeathed the building to a group of trustees to be used as school for Protestant young men. The property, which was originally three storeys, was burnt on the morning of 29 June 1921. The replacement two storey structure, which exists today, was designed by Irish architect William Henry Hill. It was built, in an Arts and Crafts style, between 1924 and 1925.

As of 2024, the building houses the West Cork Learning Hub (formerly known as Bandon Tuition Centre), a private grinds school. A plaque, commemorating the loss of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland, was unveiled near the Allin Institute in June 2024.

Grinds
In Ireland, grinds are a form of private tuition. The grinds industry in Ireland, particularly at secondary school level, acts as a supplement to other forms of schooling and is described in some sources as "shadow education". In 2012, the Revenue Commissioners launched an investigation into a perceived failure of some teachers to declare extra income from giving grinds for tax purposes. The Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland denied that this was a widespread problem.
Natividad Barroso
Natividad Barroso Garcia (born 1937) is a Venezuelan investigator of ethno-folklore, essayist and Venezuelan poet. She is co-founder and member of the Association of Writers of Lara State and a university professor with a range of scientific and humanistic interests that go from literature and linguistic to the anthropology and the ethnology.

Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

Venezuela is a diverse and multilingual country, home to a melting pot of people of distinct origins. As a result, many Venezuelans do not regard their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship or allegiance. From the 1820s to 1930s Venezuela received 2.1 million European immigrants, the third most in Latin America, behind Argentina and Brazil.
Alex Michalos
Alexandros Charles Michalos OC (born August 1, 1935) is a Canadian political scientist and philosopher known for his work in quality of life research. He is professor emeritus of political science and former chancellor at the University of Northern British Columbia, where he served as the founding director of the Institute for Social Research and Evaluation. Before joining the University of Northern British Columbia, he taught at the University of Guelph from 1966 to 1994. He served as senior research advisor to the Canadian Index of Wellbeing, and continues to serve as a member of their Canadian Research Advisory Group. He served as president of the International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies from 1999 to 2000. He is the founder or co-founder of seven peer-reviewed academic journals, and as of 2010, still served as editor-in-chief of one of them: the Journal of Business Ethics. He was named a member of the Order of Canada in 2010.

Canadian Index of Wellbeing
The Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW) is a composite index, composed of eight interconnected domains that measures stability and change in the wellbeing of Canadians over time. The CIW describes wellbeing as, "The presence of the highest possible quality of life in its full breadth of expression, focused on but not necessarily exclusive to: good living standards, robust health, a sustainable environment, vital communities, an educated populace, balanced time use, high levels of democratic participation, and access to and participation in leisure and culture". The CIW acts as a companion measure of societal progress to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is based solely upon economic productivity.
The Phantom of the Forest
The Phantom of the Forest is a 1926 American silent Western film, also classified as a Northern. It is directed by Henry McCarty and stars Thunder the Dog, Betty Francisco and Eddie Phillips. Produced by the independent Gotham Pictures, location shooting took place around the Redwood Forest in Santa Cruz County, California. The film was designed as a vehicle for Thunder, an Alsatian who was featured in several films during the 1920s. It was released in Great Britain the same year by Stoll Pictures.

German Shepherd
The German Shepherd, also known in Britain as an Alsatian, is a German breed of working dog of medium to large size. It is characterized by its intelligent and obedient nature.

Its historical role was as a herding dog, for herding sheep. It has since been used in many other types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police work, and warfare. It is commonly kept as a companion dog, and according to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale had the second-highest number of annual registrations in 2013.

The breed was developed by Max von Stephanitz using various traditional German herding dogs from 1899. The breed gained international recognition after the end of World War I. The German Shepherd became the second most popular breed in the US in 2016 and the most frequently registered breed in other countries.
Pallavi Model School
Pallavi Model Schools, is a group of English medium co-educational schools affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi, India. CBSE Curriculum from Class I to XII.
The Pallavi educational society has initiated Pallavi Model School in June 1994. The Pallavi Group of schools celebrated its Silver Jubilee in 2019

Central Board of Secondary Education
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national-level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. Established in 1929 by a government resolution, the Board was an experiment in inter-state integration and cooperation in the sphere of secondary education. There are more than 27,000 schools in India and 240 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated with the CBSE. All schools affiliated with CBSE follow the NCERT curriculum, especially those in classes 9 to 12. The current Chairperson of CBSE is Rahul Singh, IAS.

The constitution of the Board was amended in 1952 to give its present name, the Central Board of Secondary Education. The Board was reconstituted on 1 July 1962 to make its services available to students and various educational institutions across the country.
Russia national football team results (1992–2019)
The Russia national football team represents Russia in international association football under the control of the Russian Football Union. Russia is a member of FIFA and UEFA.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, all the organizations, including the football federation, were disbanded. Since the Soviet Union had already qualified for the Euro 1992, a new team and association representing the Commonwealth of Independent States was formed. The team ceased to exist shortly after the Euro 92.

Russia played its first international against Mexico on 16 August 1992 at the Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow, winning the match 2–0.

From its inception, the Russian squad has participated in four World Cups (1994, 2002, 2014 and 2018 – the latter as hosts), one Confederations Cup (2017) and five European Championship (1996, 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016).

This is a list of the Russia national football team results from 1992 to 2019.

Russian Football Union
The Russian Football Union (Russian: Российский Футбольный Союз, Rossiyskiy Futbolnyy Soyuz or RFS) is the official governing body of association football in the Russian Federation. With headquarters in Moscow, it organizes Russian amateur and professional football, including the men's, women's, youth, beach soccer, futsal and Paralympic national teams. The RFS sanctions referees and football tournaments for the Russian Premier League and other football leagues in Russia. RFS is headed by Aleksandr Dyukov, the CEO of Gazprom Neft.
George Elliot (rugby league)
George Elliott (born 1991) is an English rugby league footballer currently playing for the York City Knights in the Co-operative Championship. He previously played in the Super League for Leeds Rhinos and is, by preference, a centre but can also play on the wing. Elliott originally played Rugby union for Leeds Carnegie and played for England U16s and U18s, as well as playing for England U16 and U18 at rugby league.  Elliott signed a dual code contract where he played for both Leeds Carnegie and Leeds Rhinos academies. He made his début for the Leeds Rhinos in 2011 with a win over Crusaders RL.

York Knights
The York Knights are the professional rugby league team of York RLFC, based in York, England. The club play their home games at York Community Stadium and competes in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

The club, which was founded as the York City Knights, is a  phoenix club established after the original York club folded in 2002. The Knights played in blue and white until 2017 when they reverted to the city's traditional home colours of amber and black. The club was renamed as York RLFC in 2022 with the men's team continuing to be known as the Knights and the women's team becoming the Valkyrie.
Lydia Webb
Lydia Webb (1736 or 1737-1793) was an English actress. She started acting in Norwich. She was married twice. First, she married a man named Mr. Day. Second, she married a Mr. Webb. Her first notable performance was on 21 November 1772 at the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, performing in The West Indian. She died in 1793.

Theatre Royal, Edinburgh
The history of the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh involves two sites. The first building, on Princes Street, opened 1769 and was rebuilt in 1830 by Thomas Hosmer Shepherd. The second site was on Broughton Street.
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1950–1953
This is a list of members of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1950 to 1953, as elected at the 1950 state election:

1  The LCL member for Flinders, Rex Pearson, resigned on 22 March 1951 to run for the Australian Senate at the 1951 federal election. His son, Glen Pearson, won the resulting by-election for the LCL on 2 June 1951.

2  The Labor member for Gawler, Leslie Duncan, died on 27 February 1952. Labor candidate John Clark won the resulting by-election on 19 April 1952.

3  The LCL member for Stirling, Herbert Dunn, died on 11 September 1952. LCL candidate William Jenkins won the resulting by-election on 18 October 1952.

Electoral district of Gawler
Gawler was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1938 to 1970.

The polling places in the Electorate of Gawler for the 1938 were Cockatoo Valley, Gawler, Gawler Blocks, Gawler South, Loos, Lyndoch, One Tree Hill, Rosedale, Roseworthy, Rowland's Flat, Smithfield,
Wasleys, Willaston and Williamstown.

Gawler was abolished in a boundary redistribution in 1970, John Clark represented the newly created district of Electoral district of Elizabeth from 1970.

The town of Gawler is currently represented by the seat of Light.
Stuffed peppers
Stuffed peppers is a dish common in many cuisines. It consists of hollowed or halved bell peppers filled with any of a variety of fillings, often including meat, vegetables, cheese, rice, or sauce. The dish is usually assembled by filling the cavities of the peppers and then cooking.

Dish (food)
A dish in gastronomy is a specific food preparation, a "distinct article or variety of food", ready to eat or to be served.

A dish may be served on tableware, or may be eaten in one's hands.

Instructions and specific ingredients for preparing a dish are called recipes.

Some dishes, for example a hot dog with ketchup, rarely have their own recipes printed in cookbooks as they are made by simply combining two ready-to-eat foods.