hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashtiname of Muhammad
The Ashtiname of Muhammad, also known as the Covenant or Testament of Muhammad, is a charter or writ granting protection and other privileges to Christians, given to the monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula. It is sealed with an imprint representing Muhammad's hand.

Āshtīnāmeh (Persian pronunciation: [ɒʃtinɒme]) [آشتی نامه] is a Persian phrase meaning "Letter of Reconciliation", a term for a treaty or covenant.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
2024 Epsom Derby
The 2024 Epsom Derby was the 245th annual running of the Derby horse race and took place at Epsom Downs Racecourse on 1 June 2024 at 4.30pm BST. The race was sponsored for the first time by the bookmaker Betfred. The purse for 2024 was £1.5 million, with £850,650 in prize money for the winner.

The race was broadcast live by ITV1, on subscription service Racing TV and by 34 international broadcasters.

The winner was bay colt City Of Troy, sired by Justify out of Together Forever, ridden by Ryan Moore and trained by Aidan O'Brien, the most successful Epsom Derby trainer of all time with 10 wins.

Ryan Moore (jockey)
Ryan Lee Moore (born 18 September 1983) is an English flat racing jockey, who was Champion Jockey in 2006, 2008 and 2009. He is currently the first choice jockey for Aidan O'Brien's Ballydoyle operation, a role in which he mainly rides horses owned by Coolmore Stud. He also sometimes rides horses for Juddmonte and The Royal Family. As of 2024, Moore has ridden over 200 Group and Grade 1 winners internationally. He has the most British Group & Listed wins of any active jockey.
Breynia vitis-idaea
Breynia vitis-idaea, the officinal breynia, is a perennial tree-like species of Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), found from India east to Taiwan and Okinawa and south to Indonesia. It is a shrub or treelet with egg-shaped leaves that can reach up to 3 m tall.  It has staminate flowers and spherical, red fruit.

Breynia vitis-idaea is pollinated by the leafflower moth Epicephala vitisidaea in Fujian, China and the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. The moth actively pollinates the flowers, but lays an egg into the space between the external carpel wall and the tepals. The moth caterpillars consume a subset of the tree's seeds, receiving nourishment in return.

It contains the saponin breynin and terpenic and phenolic glycosides.  It is marketed in Taiwan as Chi R Yun.

Epicephala
Epicephala (leafflower moths) is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.

Epicephala is of note in the fields of pollination biology and coevolution because many species in this genus are pollinators of plants in the genera Glochidion, Phyllanthus, and Breynia (Phyllanthaceae). These pollinating Epicephala actively pollinate the flowers of their host plants—thereby ensuring that the plants may produce viable seeds—but also lay eggs in the flowers' ovaries, where their larvae consume a subset of the developing seeds as nourishment. This relationship is similar to other specialized pollinating seed-predation mutualisms such as those between figs and fig wasps and yuccas and yucca moths.

Other species of Epicephala consume the seeds of species of Phyllanthus or Flueggea (Phyllanthaceae) as larvae, but do not pollinate their host plants as adults. At least some of these species have evolved from pollinating ancestors.
Rifda Irfanaluthfi
Rifda Irfanaluthfi (born 16 October 1999) is an Indonesian artistic gymnast. She is the 2018 Asian Games floor exercise silver medalist and a four-time SEA Games champion. She is also a three-time medalist on the FIG World Cup series. She represented Indonesia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Artistic Gymnastics World Cup
The Artistic Gymnastics World Cup is a competition series for artistic gymnastics sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). It is one of the few tournaments in artistic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships and the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics.
Electoral district of Fingal
The Electoral district of Fingal was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was located in Fingal in Tasmania's east and also included the coastal towns of St Marys and St Helens, and inland districts such as Avoca and Mathinna.

The seat was created ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909.

1856 Tasmanian colonial election
The 1856 Tasmanian colonial elections took place from 8 to 22 September 1856 (for the House of Assembly) and 6 to 17 October 1856 (for the Legislative Council). The elections were the first to be held under the Electoral Act 1856, which established responsible government in Tasmania (until 1 January 1856 called Van Diemen's Land) and created a bicameral parliament consisting of the 30-member Tasmanian House of Assembly and the 15-member Tasmanian Legislative Council.

Members were elected using first-past-the-post voting. Following the election, William Champ became the first Premier of Tasmania on 1 November 1856, but his government lasted only 117 days.
Saphobius
Saphobius is a genus of dung beetles in the tribe Deltochilini of the subfamily Scarabaeinae. They are endemic to New Zealand, with Saphobius edwardsi being most widespread. They are small in size, flightless, forest dwelling and nocturnal, which is unusual for dung beetles.

Dung beetles are typically associated with mammal faeces, but prior to human habitation, New Zealand lacked land mammals other than three species of bats. This lack of mammal faeces has been suggested as the reason for the low diversity of dung beetles in New Zealand when compared to the rest of the world. Olfaction studies and pitfall trap baiting trials have shown that chicken carcasses and squid are highly attractive to Saphobius, which may reflect the evolution of the genus on an island abundant with bird species, in particular sea birds.

Scarabaeinae
The scarab beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae consists of species collectively called true dung beetles (there are also dung beetles in other subfamilies and families). Most of the beetles of this subfamily feed exclusively on dung. However, some may feed on decomposing matter including carrion, decaying fruits and fungi. Dung beetles can be placed into three structural guilds based on their method of dung processing namely rollers (telecoprids), dwellers (endocoprids) and tunnelers (paracoprids). Dung removal and burial by dung beetles result in ecological benefits such as soil aeration and fertilization; improved nutrient cycling and uptake by plants, increase in pasture quality, biological control of pest flies and intestinal parasites and secondary seed dispersal. Well-known members include the genera Scarabaeus and Sisyphus, and Phanaeus vindex.
Pressombudsmannen
Pressombudsmannen (or press Ombudsman) is a person whose role in the Swedish print media is to determine whether the actions of a newspaper is in line with good journalistic practice. Complaints regarding the practices of print media can be reported by the general public to the Pressombudsmannen who determines whether a complaint should be brought before the Swedish Press Council (SPC). The SPC can issue fines of up to SEK 2,000 and publish a rejecting opinion.

The charter of the PON, the standing instructions of the Press Ombudsman, and funding for both is the responsibility of the Press's Cooperation Committee (Pressens Samarbetsnämnd). The Press's Cooperation Committee is composed of the Swedish Media Publisher's Association (Tidningsutgivarna or TU), the Sveriges Tidskrifter (ST), the Swedish Union of Journalists (Svenska Journalistförbundet or SJF), and the Swedish Publicists' Association (Publicistklubben).

Swedish Publicists' Association
The Swedish Publicists' Association (Swedish: Publicistklubben) is a Swedish organisation devoted to promoting freedom of the press and free speech in journalism.

The Association was founded in Stockholm in 1874 and today it has approximately 5,200 members and seven chapters in different regions of Sweden. It arranges debates on current topics and hands out prizes as well as scholarships, funded by a donation from Lars Johan Hierta.
Sitka Historical Museum
The Sitka History Museum, formerly known as the Isabel Miller Museum is the city museum of Sitka in the U.S. state of Alaska.

The Sitka Historical Society & Museum was founded in 1957. Their collections didn't have a dedicated space until 1967, when the museum opened in Harrigan Centennial Hall. In 2015 the Harrigan Centennial Hall was closed for renovations, with the museum reopening in 2018.

It's collection focuses on Sitka's history from the Tlingit people, through the European explorations and Russian era and after.  The museum also has extensive collections and archives not on display, accessible by staff for research purposes.

Tlingit
The Tlingit or Lingít (/ˈtlɪŋkɪt, ˈklɪŋkɪt/ ⓘ TLING-kit, KLING-kit) are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Tlingit people are Alaska Natives and First Nations in Canada. Their mother tongue is the Tlingit language, a Na-Dene language.

The Tlingit have a matrilineal kinship system, with children born into the mother's clan, and property and hereditary roles passing through the mother's line. Their culture and society developed in the temperate rainforest of the southeast Alaskan coast and the Alexander Archipelago. The Tlingit have maintained a complex hunter-gatherer culture based on semi-sedentary management of fisheries. Hereditary slavery was practiced extensively until it was outlawed by the United States Government. The Inland Tlingit live in the far northwestern part of the province of British Columbia and the southern Yukon in Canada. Taku Tlingit live in British Columbia and Alaska.
Barsoi Assembly constituency
Barsoi Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in Katihar district in the Indian state of Bihar.

It was part of Katihar Lok Sabha constituency.

This constituency ceased to exist in 2010 with the implementation of the Delimitation Commission of India recommendations. Most of the area under the erstwhile Barsoi Assembly constituency seat now falls under Balrampur, Bihar Assembly constituency since 2010.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
Modestas
Modestas is a Lithuanian masculine given name. Individuals with the name Modestas include:

Modestas Bukauskas (born 1995), Lithuanian-British mixed martial artist

Modestas Paulauskas (born 1945), Lithuanian basketball player and coach

Modestas Stonys (born 1980), Lithuanian footballer

Modestas Vaičiulis (born 1989), Lithuanian cross-country skier

Modestas Bukauskas
Modestas Bukauskas (born 10 February 1994) is a Lithuanian-British mixed martial artist who competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is the former two-time Cage Warriors Light Heavyweight Champion.
Kernos
In the typology of ancient Greek pottery, the kernos (Greek: κέρνος or κέρχνος, plural kernoi) is a pottery ring or stone tray to which are attached several small vessels for holding offerings. Its unusual design is described in literary sources, which also list the ritual ingredients it might contain. The kernos was used primarily in the cults of Demeter and Kore, and of Cybele and Attis.

The form begins in the Neolithic in stone, in the earliest stages of the Minoan civilization, around 3,000 BCE. They were produced in Minoan and Cycladic pottery, being the most elaborate shape in the latter, and right through ancient Greek pottery.  The Duenos Inscription, one of the earliest known Old Latin texts, variously dated from the 7th to the 5th century BCE, is inscribed round a kernos of three linked pots, of an Etruscan type.

The Greek term is sometimes applied to similar compound vessels from other cultures found in the Mediterranean, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and South Asia.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate is an ester derived from methyl alcohol and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is a food additive used as a flavoring agent in various types of desserts. The chemical has also been found as a component of the interdigital glands of blue wildebeest.

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
Pierre Giguère
Pierre Giguère is a Canadian politician in Quebec, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2014 election. He represents the electoral district of Saint-Maurice as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.

Prior to his election to the legislature, he was a city councillor in Shawinigan. He ran in the 2012 election as a candidate of the Coalition Avenir Québec, but rejoined the Liberals in February 2014.

Saint-Maurice (provincial electoral district)
Saint-Maurice (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mɔʁis] ⓘ) was a provincial electoral district located in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. It includes part of the city of Shawinigan; it does not, however, include the parish municipality of Saint-Maurice (although it borders on it).

It was created for the 1867 election, and an electoral district of that name existed even earlier: see Saint-Maurice (Lower Canada) and Saint-Maurice (Province of Canada).

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged. Following the change in the 2017 electoral map, the riding will be dissolved into the new riding of Laviolette–Saint-Maurice and Maskinongé.
Ghent Gators
The Ghent Gators are an American football team situated in Ghent. The team was established in 1999 by Craig Bailey, an American living in Belgium, through his local pizza delivery business. Along with 8 other Flemish teams, they are part of the Flemish American Football League (FAFL) conference in the Belgian Football League (BFL). They managed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in their existence on May 18, 2014 and won their first Belgian championship on 29 June 2014 by beating the Brussels Tigers in Belgian Bowl XXVII.

Belgian Football League
The Belgian American Football League (BAFL) is a sports league for American football in Belgium founded in 1987. The league currently consists of 11 teams from Belgian cities and regions. The league used to be divided into two conferences—the Flemish American Football League (FAFL) and Ligue Francophone de Football Americain de Belgique (LFFAB). The current season is the first without conferences. At the end of the regular season, four teams play in the BFL playoffs, a four-team single-elimination tournament that culminates with the championship game, known as the Belgian Bowl.
Jacquot de Nantes
Jacquot de Nantes is a 1991 French coming of age and drama film directed by Agnès Varda. It was screened out of competition at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.

The film is a portrait of the making of an artist; recreating the early life of Varda's husband, Jacques Demy, in Occupied France and his interest in the various crafts associated with filmmaking, such as casting, set design, animation and lighting. The fictional sections set in wartime Nantes are matched with brief documentary interludes involving Demy.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Ralph "Bucky" Phillips
Ralph James "Bucky" Phillips (born June 19, 1962) is a convicted murderer from Western New York arrested on September 8, 2006, by the Pennsylvania State Police.  A warrant was issued for his arrest following the shooting of three New York State troopers, one of whom died from his wounds.

On September 7, 2006, he became the 483rd fugitive listed by the FBI on the Ten Most Wanted list. Prior to his capture, Phillips attained the distinction of being one of the few fugitives ever to be simultaneously on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list and U.S. Marshal Service's Top 15 list. He replaced Warren Jeffs on the FBI's list and was apprehended the day after he was added.

Warren County, Pennsylvania
Warren County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,587. Its county seat is Warren. The county was established in 1800 from parts of Allegheny and Lycoming counties; attached to Crawford County until 1805 and then to Venango County until Warren was formally established in 1819.

Warren County makes up the Warren, Pennsylvania micropolitan statistical area. The county is part of the North Central Pennsylvania region of the state.
2008 Tour de Corse
The 2008 Tour de Corse was the thirteenth round of the 2008 World Rally Championship season. The event was won by Citroën driver Sébastien Loeb for the fourth year in succession. It was his tenth victory of the season and gave him a fourteen-point lead in the drivers table with just two rallies left in the season. Ford driver Mikko Hirvonen finished in second place after team orders issued by the Ford team forced François Duval and Jari-Matti Latvala to drop behind him, in order to improve his championship hopes.

Jari-Matti Latvala
Jari-Matti Johannes Latvala (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjɑriˌmɑtːi ˈlɑt.ʋɑ.lɑ]; born 3 April 1985) is a Finnish rally driver who has competed in the World Rally Championship (WRC). His co-driver for most of his career was Miikka Anttila, who co-drove for Latvala between the 2003 Rallye Deutschland and 2019 Rally Catalunya. He is well known for his aggressive driving style, which earns him many plaudits, and comparisons to the late Colin McRae. With 18 event victories in the WRC, he is one of the most successful drivers to not have won a championship. Latvala is also the driver with the most World Rally starts in the sport which he achieved in 2019, 17 years after his debut.

Starting in 2021, Latvala served as the team principal of Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, replacing Tommi Mäkinen.
Glinki, Puck County
Glinki ([ˈɡlinki]; Kashubian: Glinczi; German: Glinke) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krokowa, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Puck County
Puck County (Polish: powiat pucki, Kashubian: pùcczi pòwiat) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. The powiat of this name existed  in the history of Poland, since the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth up to 1795, and then reintroduced in 1999.
Cephalotheca
Cephalotheca is a genus of fungi in the Cephalothecaceae family of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.

Class (biology)
In biological taxonomy, class (Latin: classis) is  a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit (i.e., a taxon) in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order.
Rhett Butler's People
Rhett Butler's People by Donald McCaig is an authorized sequel to the 1936 novel Gone with the Wind. It was published in November 2007.

Fully authorized by the Margaret Mitchell estate, Rhett Butler’s People is a novel that parallels Gone with the Wind from Rhett Butler's perspective. The book was unveiled on November 3, 2007, after several years of setbacks and two previous authors. Both Emma Tennant and Pat Conroy had previously been commissioned by the estate to produce the book.

McCaig chose to disregard the 1991 novel Scarlett by Alexandra Ripley. He does not acknowledge its existence in the canon of Gone with the Wind, nor does his novel incorporate any of its characters. McCaig's impression was that the Margaret Mitchell estate was "thoroughly embarrassed" by Ripley's novel.

Pat Conroy
Donald Patrick Conroy (October 26, 1945 – March 4, 2016) was an American author who wrote several acclaimed novels and memoirs; his books The Water Is Wide, The Lords of Discipline, The Prince of Tides and The Great Santini were made into films, the last two being nominated for Oscars. He is recognized as a leading figure of late-20th-century American Southern literature.
Subvocal recognition
Subvocal recognition (SVR) is the process of taking subvocalization and converting the detected results to a digital output, aural or text-based. A silent speech interface is a device that allows speech communication without using the sound made when people vocalize their speech sounds. It works by the computer identifying the phonemes that an individual pronounces from nonauditory sources of information about their speech movements. These are then used to recreate the speech using speech synthesis.

Phone (phonetics)
In phonetics (a branch of linguistics), a phone is any distinct speech sound. It is any surface-level or unanalyzed sound of a language, the smallest identifiable unit occurring inside a stream of speech. In spoken human language, a phone is thus any vowel or consonant sound (or semivowel sound). In sign languages, a phone is the equivalent of a unit of gesture.