hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic metric space
In mathematics, probabilistic metric spaces are a generalization of metric spaces where the distance no longer takes values in the non-negative real numbers R ≥ 0, but in distribution functions.

Let D+ be the set of all probability distribution functions F such that F(0) = 0 (F is a nondecreasing, left continuous mapping from R into [0, 1] such that max(F) = 1).

Then given a non-empty set S and a function F: S × S → D+ where we denote F(p, q) by Fp,q for every (p, q) ∈ S × S, the ordered pair (S, F) is said to be a probabilistic metric space if:

For all u and v in S, u = v if and only if Fu,v(x) = 1 for all x > 0.

For all u and v in S, Fu,v = Fv,u.

For all u, v and w in S, Fu,v(x) = 1 and Fv,w(y) = 1 ⇒ Fu,w(x + y) = 1 for x, y > 0.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Off da Chain Volume 1 2000
Off da Chain Volume 1 2000 is a compilation album presented by American hip hop record label Suave House Records. It was released on March 21, 2000, and features contributions from 8Ball & MJG, Gillie Da Kid, Lil' Noah, Toni Hickman, AB Luva, Chico DeBarge, Clinic, Joe, Mr. Charlie and Psychodrama. The album debuted at number 158 on the Billboard 200, number 36 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 12 on the Independent Albums.

8Ball & MJG
8Ball & MJG is an American hip hop duo from Orange Mound, Memphis, Tennessee. They met at Ridgeway Middle School in 1984. In 1993, the duo released their debut album Comin' Out Hard. They went on to release On the Outside Looking In (1994), On Top of the World (1995), In Our Lifetime (1999), Space Age 4 Eva (2000), Living Legends (2004), Ridin High (2007) and Ten Toes Down (2010).
Nicholas Zagone
Nicholas S. Zagone (February 8, 1931 – September 11, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician.

Zagone was born in Chicago, Illinois. He went to St. Alphonsus Elementary School, DePaul Academy, and Wilbur Wright College. He graduated from UIC John Marshall Law School and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1954. Zagone practiced law in Chicago. He served in the United States Army in the operations and intelligence section. Zagone served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1959 to 1961 and from 1963 to 1967 and was a  Democrat. Zagone served as a director of the Illinois Tollway Authority. He also served as an Illinois Associate and an Illinois Circuit Court Judge.

Wilbur Wright College
Wilbur Wright College is a public municipal community college in the Dunning community area in the northwestern side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is part of the City Colleges of Chicago system.

It offers two-year associate's degrees, as well as occupational training in IT, manufacturing, medical, cyber tech, and business fields. Its main campus is located on Chicago's Northwest Side in the Dunning neighborhood.
Charu Nivedita
Charu Nivedita aka Charu (born 18 December 1953) is a Tamil writer based in Chennai, India.

His novel Zero Degree (1998) was translated into English in 2013 and longlisted that year for the annual Jan Michalski Prize for Literature. It was also selected or the prestigious 50 Writers, 50 Books - The Best of Indian Fiction, published in 2013 by HarperCollins.

Charu uses postmodern themes in his writing. He was selected as one among 'Top Ten Indians of the Decade 2001 - 2010' by The Economic Times. He is inspired by Marquis de Sade and Andal.

In addition, he has written essays published in such magazines as Art Review Asia, The Asian Age and Deccan Chronicle.

His most recent novel, Conversations With Aurangzeb, was released in October 2023. It is part satire and part historical fiction, exploring the enigmatic persona of the controversial 17th-century Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. This Novel won the  Crossword Award in 2024.

Andal
Andal (ISO 15919: Āṇṭāḷ), also known as Kothai and Nachiyar is one of the 12 Alvars, who are Tamil saints who patronised Vaishnavism during the Bhakti movement. She is the only female Alvar. She is considered to be an avatar of the earth goddess Bhumi, who is an aspect of Hindu goddess Lakshmi, the consort of the preserver god Vishnu. The Alvars are affiliated with the Sri Vaishnavism tradition of Vaishnavism. As per Hindu mythology, she was raised by Periyalvar in Srivilliputhur, where she grew up as a devotee of Krishna.

Active in the eighth century CE, Andal is credited with the composition of the Tamil works, Tiruppavai and Nachiyar Tirumoli, which are recited by devotees during the month of Margazhi. Andal is a prominent figure for women in South India and has inspired several women's groups such as Goda Mandali.
Broken Sword Creek
Broken Sword Creek in Wyandot County and Crawford County, Ohio is a 37.1-mile-long (59.7 km) tributary of the Sandusky River.

Legend states the name is derived from an incident when William Crawford broke his sword at the creek bank in order to render it useless to Native Americans who were pursuing him.

Wyandot County, Ohio
Wyandot County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,900. Its county seat is Upper Sandusky. It was named for the Wyandot People, who lived there before and after European expansion. Their autonym is variously translated from their language as "around the plains" and "dwellers on the peninsula". The county was organized by the state legislature from parts of Crawford, Marion, Hardin and Hancock counties on February 3, 1845.
Glenn L. Henry
Glenn L. Henry (August 25, 1921 – January  23, 2002) was an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Tomah, Wisconsin, Henry went to grade and high school in Madison, Wisconsin. He served in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1946 and again from 1950 to 1952. He received his degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and his law degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School. He practiced law in Madison and served as Dane County assistant district attorney from 1947 to 1950 and from 1952 to 1953. Henry served on the Madison Common Council from 1956 to 1958, and on the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1959 as a Democrat. He died in Madison, Wisconsin.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Vocal coach
A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a "voice teacher"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation.

Master class
A master class is a class given to students of a particular discipline by an expert of that discipline—usually music, but also science, painting, drama, games, or on any other occasion where skills are being developed.

"Masterclass" is also used in a figurative sense to describe a display of great skill in a context where education was not the primary intention; e.g., "his last few laps were a masterclass in overtaking" (referencing a race around a track).
Lake Eaton
Lake Eaton is located west of Long Lake, New York. Fish species present in the lake are brook trout, lake trout, lake whitefish, smallmouth bass, landlocked salmon, brown trout, and rainbow trout. There is a state owned beach launch located in the campground on Route 30, 2 miles west of Long Lake.

Smallmouth bass
The smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) of the order Centrarchiformes. It is the type species of its genus Micropterus (black basses), and is a popular game fish sought by anglers throughout the temperate zones of North America, and has been spread by stocking —as well as illegal introductions—to many cool-water tributaries and lakes in Canada and more so introduced in the United States. The maximum recorded size is approximately 27 inches (69 cm) and 12 pounds (5.4 kg).

The smallmouth bass is native to the upper and middle Mississippi River basin, the Saint Lawrence River–Great Lakes system, the Champlain Valley, and the Hudson Bay basin. Its common names include smallmouth, bronzeback, brown bass, brownie, smallie, bronze bass, and bareback bass.
Gabrielle Ariano-Lortie
Gabrielle Ariano-Lortie is a Canadian ice hockey referee. She notably served as a referee at the 2018 Winter Olympics, including the first Unified Korean national team match in Olympic history. She made her IIHF debut at the 2015 IIHF Women's World Championship. She was nominated for an honour at the 2020 Gala SportsQuébec and was named Hockey Québec referee of the month in November 2020.

Outside of hockey, she works as an intensive care nurse at the Montreal Heart Institute.

2015 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2015 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 16th such event organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The tournament was played in Malmö, Sweden, from 28 March to 4 April 2015. Venues included the Malmö Isstadion, and Rosengårds Ishall.

The United States securing their second consecutive and sixth title overall, after defeated Canada in the gold medal game 7–5. Finland won the bronze medal by beating Russia 4–1.
Raef Ftouni
Raef Ftouni (Arabic: رائف فتوني) is a Lebanese weightlifter. He competed in the men's heavyweight I event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal at the 1978 Asian Games in the -100 kg event.

Weightlifting at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 kg
These are the results of the Men's Heavyweight I Weightlifting Event (– 100 kg) at the 1980 Olympic Weightlifting competition in Moscow. A total of 18 men competed in this event, limited to competitors with a maximum body weight of 100 kilograms.

Each weightlifter had three attempts for both the snatch and clean and jerk lifting methods. The total of the best successful lift of each method was used to determine the final rankings and medal winners. Competition took place on 28 July in the Izmailovo Sports Palace.
John Wright (cricketer, born 1935)
John Vaughan Wright (born 31 December 1935) is a former English cricketer. Wright was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Colchester, Essex.

Wright made his first-class debut for Essex in the 1962 County Championship against Northamptonshire. He played one further first-class match during that season against Warwickshire, before playing 2 further first-class matches in 1967 against Middlesex and the touring Pakistanis. In his 4 first-class matches he scored 60 runs at a batting average of 10.00, with a high score of 40. In the field he took two catches.

Essex County Cricket Club
Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Essex.

Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895. Since then, the team has played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.

Essex currently play all their home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. The club has formerly used other venues throughout the county including Lower Castle Park in Colchester, Valentines Park in Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, the Gidea Park Sports Ground in Romford, and Garon Park and Southchurch Park, both in Southend.

The limited overs team has previously been known as the Essex Eagles but now play simply as Essex.
Roberta Gellis
Roberta Leah Jacobs Gellis (September 27, 1927 – May 6, 2016) was an American writer of historical fiction, historical romance, and fantasy. She held master's degrees in both biochemistry and medieval literature.

Many major writers of historical romance cite her as an important influence. She has collaborated with Mercedes Lackey on historical-fantasy fiction.

Historical romance
Historical romance is a broad category of mass-market fiction focusing on romantic relationships in historical periods, which Byron helped popularize in the early 19th century. The genre often takes the form of the novel.
Maumee Valley Country Day School
Maumee Valley Country Day School (or MVCDS, Maumee Valley or MV) is an independent, co-ed, and non-religious private school in Toledo, Ohio. The school was founded in 1842 as an all-girls finishing school in Western New York and moved to Toledo in 1884, where it became The Smead School for Girls. The school became coeducational and adopted its present location and name in the early 1930s.

Today, MVCDS has approximately 500 students from PreKindergarten through 12th grade. It is accredited by ISACS and NAIS. The school gets its name of "Maumee Valley" from the nearby Maumee River, which flows north through Lucas County and Toledo, finally emptying into Lake Erie.

Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced /mɔːˈmiː/) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiwi) is a river running in the Midwestern United States from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for 137 miles (220 km) through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio's breadbasket; it is two-thirds farmland, mostly corn and soybeans. It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie's water.
Robert Gordon Wilson (architect)
Robert Gordon Wilson (1844–1931) was a 19th/20th century Scottish architect based in Aberdeen. He was from a strong United Presbyterian background and specialised in churches for the United Presbyterian Church and Free Church of Scotland.

Many of his buildings are listed buildings.

Berryden
Berryden is an area of Aberdeen north of Union Street.

Berryden Retail Park is the main shopping destination in the north side of Aberdeen, with large chain store, smaller shops and a children's play centre. The retail park was purchased by Frasers Group in October 2020.

Kittybrewster Retail Park is just a few minutes away, and houses similar retailers and services.
Iacobeni, Sibiu
Iacobeni (German: Jakobsdorf; Hungarian: Jakabfalva) is a commune located in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania.

At the 2011 Romanian census, 60.2% of inhabitants were Romanians, 35.8% Roma, and 1.3% Germans (more specifically Transylvanian Saxons). At the 1930 census, 59% were Germans, 40.1% Romanians, and 0.9% Hungarians.

Sibiu County
Sibiu County (Romanian pronunciation: [siˈbiw]) is a county (Romanian: județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat (Romanian: reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt).
Nikkei
Nikkei can refer to:

Nikkei, Inc. (Kabushikigaisha Nihonkeizaishimbunsha) (株式会社日本経済新聞社), abbreviated 日経, Nikkei, a large media corporation in Japan

The Nikkei (Nihon Keizai Shimbun) (日本経済新聞), abbreviated 日経, Nikkei, a major business newspaper published in Japan

Nikkei 225 (日経225), a Japanese stock market index, published by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun

Nikkei cuisine, a Japanese Peruvian fusion cuisine that was created by the Japanese immigrants that came to Peru

Nikkei people (日系人, Nikkei), often simply Nikkei, people in the Japanese diaspora

Nikkey Shimbun (ニッケイ新聞), a Japanese-language newspaper published in São Paulo, Brazil

Nikkey Shimbun
The Nikkey Shimbun (ニッケイ新聞, Nikkei Shinbun) or the Jornal do Nikkey was a Japanese language newspaper published in Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil. It was one of two Japanese newspapers published in that city, the other being the São Paulo Shimbun. On December 18, 2021, the newspaper printed its last edition.

The newspaper distributed the Prêmio Paulista de Esporte along with the Jornal Nikkei.

Before its discontinuation, the newspaper's president was Raul Takaki (高木 ラウル, Takaki Rauru) and the editor-in-chief was Masayuki Fukuzawa.
Heads Up! (game show)
Heads Up! is an American television game show based on the mobile app of the same name, itself inspired by a segment on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. The series is hosted by Loni Love.

Sixty-five episodes of the show were produced for HLN, but prior to airing, the channel shelved it in March 2016. The production company behind the series, Telepictures, confirmed they were looking into other possible partners. The completed episodes would eventually air in Canada on Family Channel and Family Chrgd.

Telepictures
Telepictures (also known as Telepictures Productions; formerly known as Telepictures Distribution and Telepictures Corporation) is an American television show and filmmaking company, currently operating as a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment. Telepictures was established in 1979 by David Salzman, Michael Jay Solomon, and Michael Garin as a television syndication firm.
U Khandi
U Khandi (1868 – 14 January 1949) was a Burmese hermit known for his works on Buddhist pagodas and other religious buildings in Myanmar. U Khandi maintained the Mandalay Hill and organised many religious activities for 40 years.

Sandamuni Pagoda
Sandamani Pagoda (Burmese: စန္ဒာမုနိစေတီ; formally နန်းမြေဘုံသာစံနန်းတော်ရာစန္ဒာမုနိဘုရား) is a Buddhist stupa located southwest of Mandalay Hill. It was commissioned by King Mindon Min in 1874 as a memorial to Mindon Min's younger brother, Kanaung Mintha, who was assassinated along with 3 princes, Malun, Saku, and Maingpyin, during the 1866 Myingun Prince rebellion.  The pagoda was erected at the provisional location of the royal palace, the Nanmyay Bontha.

This pagoda contains the graves of the Kanaung, Sagu Mintha, Malun and Maingpyin Princes. It also contains an iron image of the Buddha cast by Bodawpaya in 1802, and removed from Amarapura by Mindon in 1874. The statue reportedly weighs 40,924.8 pounds (18,563.2 kg).
Starlight Express
Starlight Express is a 1984 musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Richard Stilgoe. It tells the story of a young but obsolete steam engine, Rusty, that races in a championship against modern locomotives of diesel and electric engines in the hope of impressing a first-class observation car, Pearl. The actors perform on roller skates.

Running for 7,409 performances in London, Starlight Express is the tenth-longest-running West End show. It is the most successful musical in Germany, where it has been performed in a purpose-built theatre since 1988, holding the Guinness World Record for most visitors to a musical in a single theatre.

Roller skates
Roller skates are boots with wheels mounted to the bottom, allowing the user to travel on hard surfaces similarly to an ice skater on ice. The first roller skate was an inline skate design, effectively an ice skate with a line of wheels replacing the blade. In modern usage, the term typically refers to skates with two pairs of wheels on shared axles like those of skateboards (early versions of which were made using roller skate parts). Skates with this configuration are also known as "quad skates" or "quads" and, like skateboards, steer by tilting the skate to one side, which causes the axles to turn inward.

Roller skating is a hobby, sport, and mode of transportation using roller skates.
Hong Nin Savings Bank
Hong Nin Savings Bank (Traditional Chinese: 康年儲蓄銀行) was a bank in Hong Kong, founded in 1921.

In 1986, the bank had four branches and deposits of about HK$300m (US$38m). The bank was taken over by the colonial Government of Hong Kong, in 1986, due to defaults on several loans related to shipping and dwindling deposits.

In 1987, Hong Nin was acquired by First Pacific and renamed it to First Pacific Bank.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.
Brooklyn Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota
Brooklyn Township is a township in Lincoln County, South Dakota, United States, in the Sioux Falls metropolitan area. Its population was 233 at the 2000 census.

Located in the southwestern corner of Lincoln County, Brooklyn Township borders the following other townships:

Delaware Township — north

Lincoln Township — northeastern corner

Pleasant Township — east

Prairie Township, Union County — southeastern corner

Glenwood Township, Clay County — south

Riverside Township, Clay County — southwestern corner

Centerville Township, Turner County — west

Turner Township, Turner County — northwestern corner

Union County, South Dakota
Union County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,811, making it the 13th most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat has been Elk Point since April 30, 1865. Originally named Cole County, its name was changed to Union on January 7, 1864, because of Civil War sentiment.

Union County is part of the Sioux City metropolitan area. The Progressive Farmer rated Union County second in the "2006 Best Place to Live Survey" in the U.S., because "its schools are good, its towns neat and its people friendly".