hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dean Phipps
Dean Phipps is a New Zealand sailor who has competed in eight America's Cups.

Phipps was a part of the Victory ’83 challenge for the 1983 Louis Vuitton Cup and sailed on Australia IV during the 1987 Defender Selection Series. He was the backup bowman for New Zealand Challenge in the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup.

He sailed on Steinlager 2 during the 1989–90 Whitbread Round the World Race and also competed in the 1993-94 edition, on board Winston.

He sailed with Team New Zealand on NZL 32 during the 1995 America's Cup victory and 2000 America's Cup defence.

Phipps then joined Alinghi, and was part of their 2003 and 2007 America's Cup victories and their 2010 America's Cup loss, although he was not on board the boat. He sailed the 2010 Louis Vuitton Trophy Dubai with Oracle Racing.

He was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 2010.

He has also sailed in four Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, four Fastnet Race, and two Newport Bermuda Races.

New Zealand Challenge
New Zealand Challenge was a sailing team funded by Michael Fay that challenged for the America's Cup three times between 1987 and 1992. New Zealand Challenge was the first team from New Zealand to enter the competition.
Putnam Transit
Putnam Transit, officially known as Putnam Area Rapid Transit (PART), is the provider of bus transit in Putnam County, New York. An agency of the Putnam County government, Putnam Transit came into service in the mid-1970s as a startup system in the wake of growing suburbanization of Putnam County and rising gas prices.

Vehicles and routes are owned by Putnam County, and service is provided under contract to the county by MV Transportation.

Via Transportation
Via Transportation, Inc. is an American technology company that provides software as a service (SaaS) and operations to improve public transportation networks for cities, transit agencies, schools and universities, healthcare providers, and corporations around the world. Via offers fully managed transit services as well as transportation planning tools, consulting services, operational support, and navigation.

Founded in 2012, Via is headquartered in New York City with offices around the world. As of March 2024, Via serves more than 700 global partners such as King County Metro in Seattle, Transport for London, Transport for New South Wales in Australia, and Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe  in Germany.

Via focuses on making transportation more equitable and accessible for all populations including paratransit riders, school-aged children, elderly populations, and low income riders.
Kaywa
Kaywa (Quechua for a Cyclanthera species, (Cyclanthera pedata or Cyclanthera brachybotrys) Hispanicized spelling Cayhua) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 m (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Huancavelica Region, Huancavelica Province, Acobambilla District, and in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Huantán District. Kaywa lies west of Wich'iqucha and northwest of Quylluqucha.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
2001 Ugandan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Uganda on 26 June 2001. At the time, the constitution banned all political parties (a referendum on changing to a multi-party system having failed the previous year), so all members were elected as independents. 214 of the 295 in Parliament were up for election, with the others reserved for the Army (10 seats), youth and women.

The majority of members (more than 200) supported the Movement system, although twelve ministers lost their seats.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Ungarie Football Club
The Ungarie Football Netball Club (nicknamed The Magpies) is an Australian rules football and netball club that plays in the Northern Riverina Football Netball League (NRFNL). Formed in 1916, the Magpies are most famous for producing the Daniher brothers (Terry, Neale, Anthony and Chris), as well as Ben Fixter.

Northern Riverina Football League
The Northern Riverina Football Netball League (NRFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball competition containing five clubs based in the northern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The league features four grades in the Australian rules football competition, with these being Seniors, Under 17s, Under 14s and Under 11s. In the netball competition, there are six grades, with these being A-Grade, B-Grade, C-Grade, C-Reserve, Under 16s and Under 13s.
Carberry, Manitoba
Carberry is a town in Westman Region of Manitoba, Canada. It is situated 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the Trans-Canada Highway on Highway 5 in the Municipality of North Cypress – Langford, and has a population of 1,818 people.

Spruce Woods Provincial Park
Spruce Woods Provincial Park is located in south-central Manitoba, Canada where the Assiniboine River passes through the delta of sediment left by the last glaciation.
An area of open and stabilized sand dunes within the park provides habitat to species of plants and animals not found elsewhere in Manitoba. In descending order of land area contained, the park lies within the Rural Municipalities of South Cypress, Victoria, and North Cypress.

The Government of Manitoba designated the area a provincial park in 1964. The park is 269 square kilometres (104 sq mi) in size. The park is considered to be a Class II protected area under the IUCN protected area management categories. In 2020 it was designated a Canadian Dark-Sky Preserve by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.
Hoplisoma kanei
Hoplisoma kanei, Kane's cory, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys, of the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes. This catfish is endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Negros River basin. It is externally similar to H. atropersonatum, but its spots are denser and unlike the former, it has caudal markings - markings on its tail fins. Breeding can be accomplished by feeding a mixture of live foods and catfish pellets, after which frequent cold water changes can trigger them to spawn. A gravid female will lay around 60 eggs; heavy oxygenation of the water is likely to be more efficacious at saving fry than using methylene blue. Fry grow slowly and reach around 2 cm after 8 months. It is not recommended to add different fish into the fry rearing tank. They do not mind lower temperatures and can be kept with species of fish that are endemic to low-temperature habitats, such as Sewellia lineolata.

Methylene blue
Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia. It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended.  It has also been used to treat cases of malaria for over a century.

Methylene blue is typically given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and vomiting.

Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876, by Heinrich Caro. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

In recent years, methylene blue has been promoted for various health effects, but outside its established medical use, its safety and effectiveness are unproven; it is potentially toxic and should only be used under a doctor's prescription.
John Grabow
John William Grabow, nicknamed "Grabes" (born November 4, 1978) is an American former professional baseball left-handed relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs from 2003 to 2011.

In his MLB career, he held opposing batters to a .218 batting average and a .293 slugging percentage when there were runners in scoring position. He made 340 appearances between 2004 and 2008, which ranks him fourth in the majors and first among left-handed relievers in the National League for that period.

In nine years in the MLB he played in 506 games and had a 24–19 record, using a fastball, slider, and  change up.

Scoring position
In the sport of baseball, a baserunner is said to be in scoring position when they are on second or third base.  The distinction between being on first base and second or third base is that a runner on first can usually only score if the batter hits an extra-base hit, while a runner on second or third can usually score on a single. Many of baseball's "small ball" or "one run" tactics center on attempts to move a runner on base into scoring position.  Such tactics were dominant in the 1890s and the dead-ball era, when extra-base hits were relatively rare. Runners in scoring position are sometimes colloquially referred to as "ducks on the pond".

Runners left in scoring position refers to the number of runners on  second  or third at the end of an inning and is an inverse measure of a team's offensive efficiency.
Bromalite
Bromalites are the fossilized remains of material sourced from the digestive system of organisms. As such, they can be broadly considered to be trace fossils.  The most well-known types of bromalites are fossilized faeces or coprolites.  However, other types are recognised, including: regurgitalites (fossilized remains of vomit or other regurgitated objects such as owl pellets); cololites (intestinal contents); and gastrolites (stomach contents).  Regurgitalites and coprolites are thus essentially known only after they have left the body of the producing organisms, whereas gastrolites and cololites are found in situ in their respective organs, but there are rare exceptions (see Seilacher, 2002).

Whilst coprolites and regurgitalites are often difficult to tie to a specific producer, all bromalites potentially provide important and sometimes unique evidence concerning diet and other trophic factors.  They are thus useful indicators for reconstructing ancient food webs in palaeoecology.

Paleoecology
Paleoecology (also spelled palaeoecology) is the study of interactions between organisms and/or interactions between organisms and their environments across geologic timescales. As a discipline, paleoecology interacts with, depends on and informs a variety of fields including paleontology, ecology, climatology and biology.

Paleoecology emerged from the field of paleontology in the 1950s, though paleontologists have conducted paleoecological studies since the creation of paleontology in the 1700s and 1800s. Combining the investigative approach of searching for fossils with the theoretical approach of Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt, paleoecology began as paleontologists began examining both the ancient organisms they discovered and the reconstructed environments in which they lived. Visual depictions of past marine and terrestrial communities have been considered an early form of paleoecology. The term "paleo-ecology" was coined by Frederic Clements in 1916.
Emmanuel Rashba
Emmanuel I. Rashba (October 30, 1927 – January 12, 2025) was a Soviet-American theoretical physicist of Jewish origin who worked in Ukraine, Russia and in the United States. Rashba is known for his contributions to different areas of condensed matter physics and spintronics, especially the Rashba effect in spin physics, and also for the prediction of electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR), that was widely investigated and became a regular tool for operating electron spins in nanostructures, phase transitions in spin-orbit coupled systems driven by change of the Fermi surface topology, Giant oscillator strength of impurity excitons, and coexistence of free and self-trapped excitons. The principal subject of spintronics is all-electric operation of electron spins, and EDSR was the first phenomenon predicted and experimentally observed in this field.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Montaguto
Montaguto (Irpino: Mundaùtë) is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy.

Located astride the Apennines between Irpinia historical district and Daunian Mountains, the town is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ariano Irpino-Lacedonia. Its territory borders the municipalities of Greci, Orsara di Puglia, Panni and Savignano Irpino.

Irpinia
Irpinia (Modern Latin Hirpinia) is a geographical and cultural region of Southern Italy. It was the inland territory of the ancient Hirpini tribe, and its extent matches approximately today's province of Avellino.
12-inch/45-caliber Mark 5 gun
The 12-inch/45-caliber Mark 5 gun was an American naval gun that first entered service in 1906. Initially designed for use with the Connecticut-class of pre-dreadnought battleships, the Mark 5 continued in service aboard the first generation of American dreadnoughts.

Naval artillery
Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare and then subsequently used for more specialized roles in surface warfare such as naval gunfire support (NGFS) and anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) engagements. The term generally refers to powder-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes self-propelled projectiles such  as torpedoes, rockets, and missiles and those simply dropped overboard such  as depth charges and naval mines.
Sainte Marie among the Iroquois
Sainte Marie among the Iroquois (originally known as Sainte Marie de Gannentaha or St. Mary's of Ganantaa) was a 17th-century French Jesuit mission located in the middle of the Onondaga nation of the Iroquois.  It was located on Onondaga Lake near modern-day Syracuse, New York. The original mission, led by Jesuit priest Simon Le Moyne, was in use only from 1656 to 1658.

A modern replica of the mission’s encampment is in operation as a museum and interpretive center. It is open between May and October as a "living history" project, with costumed interpreters on weekends during the Summer.

Sainte Marie among the Iroquois is a living history museum and part of the Onondaga County parks system, and is therefore designated as a municipal park itself. The site, while county-owned, is operated by volunteers who provide all of the programming and maintain the displays. The site is currently being renovated and the interior of the fort is closed.

Onondaga County, New York
Onondaga County (/ˌɒnənˈdɑːɡə/ ON-ən-DAH-gə) is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 476,516. The county seat is Syracuse. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Onondaga County is the core of the Syracuse Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sistrurus miliarius
Common names: pygmy rattlesnake, eastern pygmy rattlesnake, ground rattlesnake, leaf rattler, death rattler, more.

Sistrurus miliarius, commonly called the pygmy rattlesnake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Crotalinae (pit vipers) of the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to the Southeastern United States. Three subspecies are currently recognized.

Viper
Vipers are snakes in the family Viperidae, found in most parts of the world, except for Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, Ireland, and various other isolated islands. All vipers are venomous, and have long (relative to non-vipers), hinged fangs that permit deep envenomation of their prey. Three subfamilies are currently recognized. They are also known as viperids. The name "viper" is derived from the Latin word vipera, -ae, also meaning viper, possibly from vivus ("living") and parere ("to beget"), referring to the trait viviparity (giving live birth) common in vipers like most of the species of Boidae. The earliest known vipers are believed to have diverged from the rest of the clade Caenophidia in the early Eocene.
Kashima Island
Kashima (鹿島) is a small island off the coast of Hōjō, Matsuyama, in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Aptly named "Deer Island," Kashima is home to a flourishing population of Sika deer. The island is about 1.5 km in circumference and 114 meters high at its peak with a 400-meter long white sand beach. Having inhabited the island for thousands of years, Kashima's deer are a designated "natural treasure of Ehime Prefecture." They are accessible for feeding and photos in an enclosure on the east end of the island, north of the ferry pier.

Kashima has a multitude of tourist attractions, such as a forest with hiking trails, a campsite, a Shinto shrine, and shops. It can be accessed by a ferry that runs from Hōjō Port.

Hōjō, Ehime
Hōjō (北条市, Hōjō-shi) was a city located in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on November 1, 1958.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 28,292 and the density of 277.02 persons per km2. The total area was 102.13 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Hōjō, along with the town of Nakajima (from Onsen District), was merged into the expanded city of Matsuyama and no longer exists as an independent municipality. Hōjō still has its own train station on the JR Yosan Line (Station Y48).
Katz Editores
Katz Editores is an independent Argentine scholarly publisher, founded in 2006. It publishes mostly translations from English, German, French, and Italian into Spanish, but also original Spanish-language texts. As of April 2009, their list numbered over 100 titles by authors representing a diverse array of intellectual traditions, such as Karl Löwith, Jürgen Habermas, Michael Walzer, Roger Chartier, Claus Offe, Martha Nussbaum, Seyla Benhabib, Cass Sunstein, Harry Frankfurt, Leo Strauss, Norbert Bolz, Michel de Certeau, Roberto Esposito, Ernst Mayr, Cornelius Castoriadis, Hans Belting, Robert Laughlin, and Eric Kandel. The editors wrote in their first catalog that they founded their press "with a calling to contribute to broadening the horizons of knowledge available in our language, but also with the conviction that it is necessary to interrogate many of the ideas that organize the viewpoints of the contemporary world."

Robert B. Laughlin
Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is an American physicist. He is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University. Along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia University and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton University, he was awarded a share of the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for their explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

In 1983, Laughlin was first to provide a many body wave function, now known as the Laughlin wavefunction, for the fractional quantum Hall effect, which was able to correctly explain the fractionalized charge observed in experiments. This state has since been interpreted as the integer quantum Hall effect of the composite fermion.

His 2017 paper, "Pumped thermal grid storage with heat exchange" inspired Project Malta at Google X and subsequently Malta inc.
Devon Petersen
Devon Petersen (born 4 June 1986) is a  South African professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He won his first PDC European Tour title at the 2020 German Darts Championship. He reached his first major semi-final at the 2020 European Championship. Petersen won the first Amateur Darts Circuit (ADC) Global Championship in 2024.

His best PDC World Championship performance is reaching the last 16 on three occasions.

He has also worked as a pundit for Sky Sports.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists
The Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists (German: Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten/Nationale Aktivisten; abbreviated ANS/NA) was a West German neo-Nazi organization founded in 1977 by Michael Kühnen under the name "Action Front of National Socialists" (ANS). It was based around a group of young neo-Nazis in Hamburg. Upon founding the group Kühnen declared "we are a revolutionary party dedicated to restoring the values of the Third Reich" and adopted a version of the Nazi flag in which the swastika was reversed, with the spaces black and the actual cross blending into the background, as their organization's emblem. He sought to link his movement with other groups, by seeking links with Waffen-SS veterans organisations, sending a delegation to the Order of Flemish Militants-organised international neo-Nazi rallies in Diksmuide and working closely with the Wiking-Jugend.

Flag of Nazi Germany
The flag of Nazi Germany, officially called the Reich and National Flag (German: Reichs- und Nationalflagge), and also known as the Nazi flag or swastika flag (German: Hakenkreuzflagge – lit. 'flag with a hooked cross') featured a red background with a black swastika on a white disk. This flag came into use initially as the banner of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party,  after its foundation in 1920. Shortly after the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, this flag was adopted as mandatory for use, while the national one was the black-white-red triband of the German Empire. One year after the death of President Paul von Hindenburg, this arrangement ended. The Nazis banned usage of the imperial tricolour, labelling it as "reactionary", and made their party flag the national flag of Germany as a part of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which it remained until the end of World War II and the fall of the Third Reich.