hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castello di San Michele in Teverina
The Castle of San Michele (Italian: Castello di San Michele), once known as the Castel di Piero, was built in the Lazio region of Italy during the 12th century. It is located in the village of San Michele in Teverina, Civitella d'Agliano, Viterbo.

Civitella d'Agliano
Civitella d'Agliano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Rome and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Viterbo.

Civitella d'Agliano borders the following municipalities: Alviano, Bagnoregio, Castiglione in Teverina, Graffignano, Guardea, Montecchio, Orvieto, Viterbo.
Lee Garmes
Lee Garmes, A.S.C. (May 27, 1898 – August 31, 1978) was an American cinematographer. During his career, he worked with directors Howard Hawks, Max Ophüls, Josef von Sternberg, Alfred Hitchcock, King Vidor, Nicholas Ray and Henry Hathaway, whom he had met as a young man when the two first came to Hollywood in the silent era. He also co-directed two films with legendary screenwriter Ben Hecht: Angels Over Broadway and Actors and Sin.

Max Ophüls
Maximillian Oppenheimer (6 May 1902 – 26 March 1957), known as Max Ophüls (AW-fəlss or OH-fəlss), was a German and French film director, screenwriter and art director. He was known for his opulent and lyrical visual style, with heavy use of tracking shots, and his melancholic, romantic themes. The Harvard Film Archive has called Ophüls "a supreme stylist of the cinema and a master storyteller".

A refugee from Nazi Germany, Ophüls worked in Germany (1931–33), France (1933–40 and 1950–57), and the United States (1947–50). He made nearly 30 films, the latter ones being especially notable: Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948), The Reckless Moment (1949), La Ronde (1950), Le Plaisir (1952), The Earrings of Madame de… (1953), and Lola Montès (1955).
2002 African Women's Handball Championship
The 2002 African Women's Handball Championship was the 15th edition of the African Women's Handball Championship, held in Morocco from 19 to 28 April 2002. It acted as the African qualifying tournament for the 2003 World Women's Handball Championship.

2003 World Women's Handball Championship
The 2003 World Women's Handball Championship, the 16th handball world championship for women, was played in Croatia between 2 and 14 December 2003.

France won their first ever title, beating Hungary in the final.
Christina Siggaard
Christina Malling Siggaard (born 24 March 1994) is a Danish former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2014 and 2021 for the Firefighters Upsala CK, Matrix Fitness Pro Cycling, Team Virtu Cycling and Lotto–Soudal Ladies teams. Siggaard represented Denmark at the 2015 European Games in the women's road race, and also represented Denmark at the UCI Road World Championships and the European Road Championships.

She now works as a commentator and analyst for Danish broadcaster TV 2 Sport's cycling coverage.

2015 European Games
The 1st European Games (Azerbaijani: 1-ci Avropa Oyunları), also known as the 2015 European Games or Baku 2015 (Azerbaijani: Bakı 2015), were the inaugural edition of the European Games, an international multi-sport event for athletes representing the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) of the European Olympic Committees. It took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 12 to 28 June 2015, and featured almost 6,000 athletes from 50 countries competing in 30 sports, including 15 summer Olympic and 2 non-Olympic sports.
The Pioneer Pog 'n' Scroggin Bush Band
The Pioneer Pog'n'Scroggin Bush Band (often known simply as "The Pogs") was a bush band based in Dunedin, New Zealand. The band was one of the longest-surviving folk bands in New Zealand, being formed in 1980 and surviving until 2004. Some 40 people can claim to have been members of the band at one stage or another, though its usual line-up consisted of five to seven members. Notable former "Pogs" include Mike Moroney, Lindsey Shields, John Dodd, and Bruce Cull. Moroney has since gone on to form The Chaps with fellow Dunedin folk musicians Marcus Turner, John Dodd and Hyram Ballard.

The Pioneer Pog 'n' Scroggin Bush Band composed many of their own compositions, and also performed and recorded traditional songs and originals by other musicians. The Pog's version of one of the latter – "Southern man", written by Murray Grindley – became the anthem for the Otago Rugby team.

Otago Rugby Football Union
The Otago Rugby Football Union is the official governing body of rugby union for the Otago region of New Zealand. The union is based in the city of Dunedin, and its home ground is Forsyth Barr Stadium. The top representative team competes in the ITM Cup, New Zealand's top provincial competition. The union was to have been liquidated in March 2012. However a deal involving the Dunedin City Council allowed it to keep operating. Otago have won the Ranfurly Shield on eight occasions (1935, 1938, 1947, 1957, 2013, 2018, 2020 and 2025). They were the National provincial championship winners in 1991 and 1998. They have a proud record playing international teams, having defeated South Africa and the British and Irish Lions.
St. George's Austrian High School
St. George's Austrian High School (Turkish: Sankt Georg Avusturya Lisesi, German: Österreichisches Sankt Georgs-Kolleg) is a private Austrian-Turkish high school located in Karaköy, Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of several secondary schools that were founded by European or American missions in Turkey during the 19th century, but were then secularized after the founding of the modern Turkish Republic in 1923.

Today, the school is subject to regulation by the Turkish Ministry of National Education, and almost its entire student body is Turkish, but a large part of its administrative and teaching staff remains Austrian, appointed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Research), and it offers a mixture of Turkish and Austrian curricula in a bilingual environment.

Ministry of Education (Austria)
The Ministry of Education (German: Bundesministerium für Bildung, Bildungsministerium, historically also Unterrichtsministerium) is the government ministry of Austria in charge of public schools and academic institutions.

The current head of the Ministry is Christoph Wiederkehr.
Sunda owlet
The Sunda owlet (Taenioptynx sylvaticus) is a small owl from Borneo and Sumatra.

This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of the collared owlet (Taenioptynx brodiei). It was promoted to a separate species based largely on the basis of a difference in vocalisation.

There are two subspecies:

T. s. sylvaticus (Bonaparte, 1850) - montane Sumatra

T. s. borneensis (Sharpe, 1893) - montane Borneo

Richard Bowdler Sharpe
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (22 November 1847 – 25 December 1909) was an English zoologist and ornithologist who worked as curator of the bird collection at the British Museum of natural history. In the course of his career he published several monographs on bird groups and produced a multi-volume catalogue of the specimens in the collection of the museum. He described many new species of bird and also has had species named in his honour by other ornithologists including Sharpe's longclaw (Macronyx sharpei) and Sharpe's starling (Pholia sharpii).
Rawang railway station
The Rawang railway station is a commuter rail train station located in Rawang, Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is served by the KTM Komuter's Tanjung Malim–Port Klang Line and two KTM ETS's ETS Gold train services.

It was the northernmost terminus for passenger services on the Rawang–Seremban route since the start of KTM Komuter's services until 2015, when a new Rawang-Port Klang trial route began operating to cater for the KTM double-track upgrading project. In 2016, the Rawang–Port Klang route was merged with the Rawang–Tanjung Malim shuttle service, ending Rawang's role as the northern terminus of the line and forming the current Tanjung Malim-Port Klang Line.

The station built to cater the traffic around the suburbs of Rawang as there were no other commuter or mass transit services in the Klang Valley that stopped here before the arrival of the KTM Komuter.

KTM ETS
The KTM ETS, commercially known as ETS (Electric Train Service), is an inter-city higher-speed rail service in Malaysia. It is operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM). ETS followed KTM Komuter to be the second electric train service to be operated by KTM. ETS is Malaysia's second inter-city rail service after KTM Intercity.

Launched in 2010, the ETS is Malaysia's fastest metre-gauge train service. It operates on the historical KTM West Coast Line in western Peninsular Malaysia. The line has since been mostly electrified and double-tracked. Its maximum speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) is among the world's fastest metre-gauge train services.

The service runs between both ends of the West Coast line, between Padang Besar, near the border with Thailand, to JB Sentral, near the border with Singapore.
Weitnauer
Weitnauer is a surname, derived from the Bavarian town of Weitnau. Notable people with this name include:

Albert Weitnauer (1916–1984), Swiss diplomat

Alfred Weitnauer (1905–1974), German writer and historian

Emil Weitnauer (1905–1989), Swiss ornithologist

Hermann Weitnauer (1910–1999), German jurist

Jürg Weitnauer (born 1955), Swiss rower

Mary Ann Weitnauer, American electrical engineer

Wolfgang Weitnauer (born 1954), German jurist

Mary Ann Weitnauer
Mary Ann Weitnauer (née Ingram and also published as Mary Ann Ingram) is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Georgia Tech, known for her research on optical communication, radar, wireless networks, and smart antennas.

Weitnauer graduated from Georgia Tech in 1983, and completed her Ph.D. there in 1989. She joined the Georgia Tech faculty in 1989, after completing her doctorate. At Georgia Tech, she was ADVANCE Professor of Engineering from 2006 to 2011.

Weitnauer was a visiting professor with Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, from 2006 to 2008, and with Idaho National Laboratory, in 2010.

In 2017, Weitnauer was given Georgia Tech's Class of 1934 Outstanding Service Award. In the same year, the Radio Club of America gave her their Vivian A. Carr Award "for outstanding achievements by a woman in the wireless industry".
Jaballah
Jaballah is a common Arabic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Faïcel Jaballah (born 1988), Tunisian judoka

Jihed Jaballah (born 1989), Tunisian handball player

Khadija Jaballah, Tunisian paralympic athlete

Mahmoud Jaballah, Egyptian-Canadian detained in Canada without charge on a "security certificate" for alleged association with terrorism

Sabri Jaballah (born 1973), Tunisian football player

Mahmoud Jaballah
Mahmoud Es-Sayyid Jaballah (Arabic: محمود جاب بالله) is an Egyptian who has been detained in Canada without charge on a  "security certificate" since August 2001 due to his association with members of al-Jihad. He has consistently asserted that he does not believe in violence, and just because he phones or visits people, does not mean that he shares their beliefs.
Jules-Robert de Cotte
Jules-Robert de Cotte (1683–1767) was a renowned French architect, the son of one of the most highly regarded architect-administrators of his era, Robert de Cotte.

The younger de Cotte assisted his father in the most prestigious architectural project in France, the building works at the royal palaces, (Bâtiments du Roi). In 1718 he received, in the course of construction, one of the three posts of "intendant et ordonnateur"

In 1723, top German architect Balthasar Neumann came to Paris in order to study the latest French stylistic developments of the emerging Rococo and consulted Robert de Cotte, as well as Jules-Robert, whose reputation with Neumann was as good as his father and surpassing that of another brilliant contemporary French architect, Germain Boffrand, an assessment that modern art historians would not support.  Following in his father's footsteps, Jules-Robert de Cotte relied on workshop assistants to provide the details for his commissions.

Bâtiments du Roi
The Bâtiments du Roi (French pronunciation: [bɑtimɑ̃ dy ʁwa], 'King's Buildings') was a division of the Maison du Roi ('King's Household') in France under the Ancien Régime.  It was responsible for building works at the King's residences in and around Paris.
Oregon Sweep
The Oregon Sweep was the result of the 2008 United States Olympic Trials Men's 800 metres race.

The Olympic Trials were held at Hayward Field on the University of Oregon campus in Eugene, Oregon.  The city of Eugene bills itself as "Tracktown USA" for its fanatical support of the sport of track and field.  The 800 metres event was once a strong event for Americans, with 7 Olympic gold medals up to 1956.  Between 1956 and 2008, the United States has only managed Dave Wottle's 1972 gold medal, and four bronze medals by Tom Farrell in 1968, Rick Wohlhuter in 1976, Earl Jones in 1984 and Johnny Gray in 1992, increasing the value of success at the Olympic Trials.  Eight years later, Clayton Murphy also won a bronze medal.

Earl Jones (runner)
Earl Jones (born July 17, 1964 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American former middle-distance runner who won an 800 meters bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He finished third behind Joaquim Cruz and Sebastian Coe with a time of 1:43.83 minutes.

Earlier that summer at the U.S. Olympic Trials, Jones won the 800 meters, just barely nudging out Johnny Gray as both men ran a time of 1:43.74, beating Rick Wohlhuter's American Record. In 1985, Jones won the 800 meters at the NCAA Outdoor Championship (in 1:45.12) and in 1986 he further improved his personal best to 1:43.62 minutes at a meeting in Zürich.

In 1986 Jones joined the sub 4:00 mile club with a 3:58.76 record mile at Westwood in May. Jones attended Eastern Michigan University (finishing second in the 800 meters to Joaquim Cruz in the 1984 NCAA championships and first in the 800 in 1985) and Taylor Center High School in Taylor, MI (class of 1982).
Seri Saujana Bridge
The Seri Saujana Bridge is a main bridge in the planned city Putrajaya, the new (2001) Malaysian federal territory and administrative centre. The bridge's design is a unique combination of a symmetric cable-stayed structure and a through-arch bridge;  the through-arch bridge portion is reminiscent of a slender version of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The Seri Saujana bridge, also called Bridge No 8, crosses Putrajaya Lake, an artificial lake made to provide natural cooling, and connects the Core Island (Precinct 4) to the Precinct 7 on Lebuh Sentosa highway.  It is strategically located at the main entrance into the Core Island from the south, via the upgraded B15 road (now Putrajaya-Cyberjaya Expressway Federal Route 29) and Kuala Lumpur–Putrajaya Expressway, and links the Core Island, where the main government buildings are, with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

Malaysia Federal Route 214
Jalan Putrajaya–Dengkil or Jalan Dengkil, Federal Route 214 (formerly Selangor State Route B15) is a dual-carriageway federal road in Selangor, Malaysia. The kilometre zero of the Federal Route 214 starts at Dengkil.
HMS Medway (1693)
HMS Medway was a 60-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Sheerness Dockyard on 20 September 1693.

Medway, together with Chatham and Triton, captured the French Auguste on 19 August 1705.

She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Deptford Dockyard, and relaunched on 1 August 1718. Medway was hulked in 1740.

She was eventually broken up in 1749.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
2025 French Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Defending champion Niels Vink and his partner Guy Sasson defeated Ahmet Kaplan and Donald Ramphadi in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2025 French Open.

Sam Schröder and Niels Vink were the defending champions, but chose not to defend the title together. Schröder partnered Andy Lapthorne, but lost in the semifinals to Kaplan and Ramphadi.

Andy Lapthorne
Andrew David Lapthorne (born 11 October 1990) is a British wheelchair tennis player. He took up wheelchair tennis in 2005, and entered the quad division in 2008. He is active in both singles and doubles tournaments, and has 17 grand slam titles in singles and doubles. He competed at his first Summer Paralympics at London 2012 in the quad singles and in the quad doubles, in which he won a silver medal and is now a four-time Paralympic medallist and British no.1 Quad tennis player, who started playing wheelchair tennis at the age of 10.
Roger Ballard (sociologist)
Roger Ballard FRAI (20 April 1943 – 30 September 2020) was a British sociologist, Lecturer in Race Relations at the University of Leeds (1975–1989), and Senior Lecturer in Comparative Religion at the University of Manchester (1989–2003). In Manchester, he taught Urdu language and set up the joint-degree in Comparative Religion and Social Anthropology. In 2003, at the age of 60, Ballard took early retirement from his teaching post in the University of Manchester to service as a consultant anthropologist and Director of Centre for Applied South Asian Studies (CASAS) in Stalybridge. In 2012, Ballard was awarded the Lucy Mair Medal for Applied Anthropology by the Royal Anthropological Institute.

Dual degree
Joint degrees are academic qualifications awarded through integrated study programmes jointly designed, coordinated, and delivered by two or more higher education institutions. These institutions may be located within the same country or across different national education systems. Depending on the structure of the programme and the applicable legal frameworks, graduates may receive a single joint qualification, two separate qualifications (commonly referred to as a double degree or dual degree), or multiple national diplomas awarded for a single coordinated course of study.

Joint degrees differ from standard national qualifications in that they are based on shared curricula, coordinated quality assurance procedures, and mutual recognition of academic work across participating institutions. They are often used as instruments of academic cooperation and internationalisation in higher education.
Montenegrin Canadians
Montenegrin Canadians (Montenegrin: Kanadski Crnogorci) are Canadian citizens of Montenegrin descent or Montenegro-born people who reside in Canada. According to the 2011 Census, 2,970 Canadians claimed full or partial Montenegrin ancestry, compared to 2,370 in 2006.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Geocarpon glabrum
Geocarpon glabrum, commonly called Appalachian stichwort, is a species of flowering plant in the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It is native to the eastern United States, where it has a scattered distribution.

Its natural habitat is areas of siliceous rock outcrops, which include granite, sandstone, gneiss, and schist. In the Cumberland Mountains, this species is a major component of sandstone glade communities. Due to its narrow habitat requirements, this species is uncommon throughout its range.

Geocarpon glabrum is a small, delicate annual. It produces white flowers in late spring and early summer. It is similar to Geocarpon groenlandicum, which it was historically considered a variety of. It can be distinguished from G. groenlandicum by its taller stature, annual habit, upright and not mat-forming growth, smaller petals, and flowers in greater number per cyme. In addition, G. glabrum is found in lower elevations than G. groenlandicum.

Siliceous rock
Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent. The most common siliceous rock is chert; other types include diatomite. They commonly form from silica-secreting organisms such as radiolarians, diatoms, or some types of sponges.
Daviana Vaka
Daviana Cheyenne Vaka (born August 11, 2001) is a Tongan-American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for USL Super League club Sporting JAX. Born in the United States, she plays for the Tonga national team. Vaka played college soccer for the BYU Cougars and Florida Gators.

BYU Cougars women's soccer
The BYU Cougars women's soccer team represents Brigham Young University in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. Prior to the 1995 season, the team participated as a club sport. The team is coached by Jennifer Rockwood and has made the NCAA Tournament 26 times, reaching the Quarterfinals of the College Cup five times in 2003, 2012, 2019, 2021, and 2023. The team plays its home games at South Field on the university campus.
Kupiansk offensive
The Kupiansk offensive refers to a series of military engagements in the Russo-Ukrainian war taking place around the city of Kupiansk, as well as along the Oskil river between Kupiansk through Dvorichna to the border settlement of Topoli in Kharkiv Oblast, with the goal of capturing Kupiansk and territory along the Oskil river. Offensive operations restarted in the direction after Russian forces attacked Kupiansk in late November 2024, and intensified after Russian forces established several bridgeheads across the western bank of the Oskil river in early 2025.

Bridgehead
In military strategy, a bridgehead (or bridge-head) is the strategically important area of ground around the end of a bridge or other place of possible crossing over a body of water which at time of conflict is sought to be defended or taken over by the belligerent forces.

Bridgeheads typically exist for only a few days, the invading forces either being thrown back or expanding the bridgehead to create a secure defensive lodgement area, before breaking out into enemy territory, such as when the U.S. 9th Armored Division seized the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen in 1945 during World War II.  In some cases a bridgehead may exist for months.