hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Motion to compel
A motion to compel asks the court to order either the opposing party or a third party to take some action. This sort of motion most commonly deals with discovery disputes, when a party who has propounded discovery to either the opposing party or a third party believes that the discovery responses are insufficient. The motion to compel is used to ask the court to order the non-complying party to produce the documentation or information requested, and/or to sanction the non-complying party for their failure to comply with the discovery requests.

Court
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties  and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.

Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals.
Karalis
Karalis is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emmanouil Karalis (born 1999), Greek pole vaulter

Giannis Karalis (born 1988), Greek professional footballer

Tom Karalis (born 1964), Canadian-American former ice hockey defenceman

Tom Karalis
Tom Karalis (born May 24, 1964) is a Canadian-American former ice hockey defenceman.

Karalis played in the American Hockey League for the Fredericton Express, Baltimore Skipjacks, New Haven Nighthawks, Moncton Hawks and Binghamton Rangers. He also played in the International Hockey League for the Muskegon Lumberjacks, Flint Spirits, Indianapolis Ice, Phoenix Roadrunners, Peoria Rivermen and Fort Wayne Komets. He won a CHL championship with the Tulsa Oilers in the 1992-93 season.

Karalis moved to Europe in 1994, playing in France for Brest Albatros Hockey and Ducs d'Angers, Austria for EV VSV and Germany for SC Bietigheim-Bissingen before returning to the Tulsa Oilers for a second spell during the 1997–98 season, his final season before retiring.

Karalis kept residence in Tulsa after retirement and later became an American citizen.
Linda Porter (actress)
Linda Porter (January 31, 1933 – September 25, 2019) was an American actress. She appeared in numerous feature films, television programs, advertisements and music videos—most prominently in the series Superstore, Twins and the film Dude, Where's My Car?. She died of cancer on September 25, 2019.

Dude, Where's My Car?
Dude, Where's My Car? is a 2000 American stoner comedy film directed by Danny Leiner. The film stars Ashton Kutcher and Seann William Scott as two best friends who find themselves unable to remember where they parked their vehicle after a night of recklessness, ultimately uncovering a conspiracy that threatens the universe. Supporting cast members include Kristy Swanson, Jennifer Garner, Marla Sokoloff, and Mary Lynn Rajskub.

Though the film was panned by most critics, it was a box office success for 20th Century Fox and has managed to achieve a cult status. The film's title became a minor pop-culture saying, and was commonly reworked in various pop-cultural contexts during the 2000s.
Chenini Member
The Chenini Member is a geological member of the Ain el Guettar Formation in Tunisia, whose strata date back to the Late Aptian to Early Albian stages of the Cretaceous period. The lithology consists of coarse sandstones with occasional conglomerates and mudstones. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 0.6 Ma to 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous.

The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage.

The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.
Digimon D-Cyber
D-Cyber / Digimon D-Cyber (Chinese: 數碼暴龍) is a Chinese Digimon manhua, which was released by Rightman Publishing Ltd. in Hong Kong, China on 2004. It is based on the adventures of Lóng Zhìguāng, Fāng Shēngjiàn, Luò Huī, and a young girl named Āměi. It introduces the concept of X-antibody Digimon, but their origin is different from that in the Japanese Digimon Chronicle.

Manhua
Manhua (traditional Chinese: 漫畫; simplified Chinese: 漫画; pinyin: mànhuà) are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

They are usually graphic and can be written for a myriad of genres, including romance, fantasy, historical, thrillers, paranormal, and horror. The narratives are varied but often include tropes and plots common to Asian culture and settings.

The first major manhua magazine, Shanghai Sketch, first published in 1928. During the early 20th century, political manhua  were printed as propaganda during times of political upheaval. At the start of the 21st century, Chinese cartoonists began to publish manhua through social media and microblogging websites.
Werner Windhaus
Dr. Werner Windhaus was a German bobsledder who competed in the late 1930s. He won two medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 1938 and a bronze in 1939.

Windhaus' career was interrupted by WWII. In 1949, he and his teammates reunited for the world championships at Lake Placid, New York, U.S. This was the first official participation of a German sports team in an international championship since the war ended.

FIBT World Championships 1938
The FIBT World Championships 1938 took place in St. Moritz, Switzerland (Two-man) and Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (Four-man). St. Moritz hosted the two-man event for the first time after hosting the four-man event previously in 1931, 1935, and 1937 while Garmisch-Partenkirchen hosted the four-man event previously in 1934.
Perfect Victims
Perfect Victims and the Politics of Appeal is a 2025 book by the Palestinian writer and poet Mohammed el-Kurd in which the author critically interrogates the strategy of emphasizing Palestinian victimhood in order to make the Palestinian cause palatable to a liberal audience that professes to care about human rights. According to Jackie Wang in Jewish Currents, "By emphasizing victimhood as the condition for sympathy, he argues, this strategy grants the moral authority of those in power—those who preside over the world structured by colonial brutality—and requires Palestinians to maintain a posture of pitiable powerlessness."

Perfect Victims is Mohammed el-Kurd's first non-fiction book. Historian Robin D. G. Kelley described it as "a new Discourse on Colonialism for the twenty-first century." It debuted at 9th on the The New York Times Best Seller for paperback nonfiction the week of March 2, 2025.

Jewish Currents
Jewish Currents is an American progressive Jewish quarterly magazine and news site whose content reflects the politics of the Jewish left. It features news, political commentary, analysis, and Jewish arts and literature.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other Founding Fathers of the United States. It is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Membership in the academy is achieved through a nominating petition, review, and election process. The academy's quarterly journal, Dædalus, is published by the MIT Press on behalf of the academy, and has been open-access since January 2021. The academy also conducts multidisciplinary public policy research.

Laurie L. Patton has served as President of the Academy since January 2025.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Ivy (name)
Ivy is a given name or surname taken from the name of the plant. It became popular as a given name in the late 1800s, along with other plant and flower names for girls.

As a given name for girls, Ivy first entered the Top 200 in England and Wales in 1880, when it ranked #180, and reached the height of popularity when it was the 16th most popular name in England and Wales in 1904.  It has again risen in popularity and, as of 2020, Ivy was the sixth  most popular girls' name in England and Wales. It has also risen in popularity in other English- speaking countries.

It has ranked among the top 50 names for newborn American girls since 2021 and was the 42nd most used name for girls there in 2022. In 2022, it was the 33rd most popular name given to girls in Canada. Other botanical names are also currently fashionable, as are other names that contain the letter v.

Notable people with the name Ivy include:

Hedera
Hedera, commonly called ivy (plural ivies), is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. Several species are cultivated as climbing ornamentals, and the name ivy especially denotes common ivy (Hedera helix), known in North America as "English ivy", which is frequently planted to clothe brick walls.
Anemometer Hill
Anemometer Hill (68°11′S 67°0′W﻿ / ﻿68.183°S 67.000°W﻿ / -68.183; -67.000) is a hill 25 metres (80 ft) high northeast of Fishtrap Cove on Stonington Island, in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica. It was surveyed by the East Base party of the U.S. Antarctic Service, 1939–41, which built its base on this island, and so named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee because the hill was the site of an anemometer in 1961.

United States Antarctic Program
The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has a presence in the Antarctica continent. Founded in 1959, the USAP manages all U.S. scientific research and related logistics in Antarctica as well as aboard ships in the Southern Ocean.
Hyllus (river)
Hyllus or Hyllos (Greek: Ὕλλος) was the ancient name of a river of Asia Minor. It is a tributary of the river Hermus, in Lydia, flowing into Hermus from the north. In the time of Strabo, the river was called Phrygius. Today's Turkish name is Kum Çayı.

Lydia
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis.

At some point before 800 BCE, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BCE. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BCE, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BCE, it became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as Sparda in Old Persian. In 133 BCE, it became part of the Roman province of Asia.

Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BCE.
Marial Shayok
Marial Makur Shayok (/ˈʃeɪɒk/ SHAY-ok; born July 26, 1995) is a South Sudanese-Canadian professional basketball player who last played for Maccabi Tel Aviv. He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers and Iowa State Cyclones. He was selected 54th overall by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 2019 NBA draft, and played briefly for the Sixers. Shayok represented the South Sudan national team in the 2023 FIBA World Cup and the 2024 Olympics.

Basketball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's 5x5 basketball tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 21st edition of the event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held from 27 July to 10 August 2024. Preliminary games occurred at Stade Pierre-Mauroy in Villeneuve d'Ascq, with the final phase staged at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC rules disallowing Olympic host venues to be named after non-IOC sponsors) in Paris.The United States went unbeaten to win a seventeenth overall and fifth consecutive gold medal, after defeating France 98–87 in a rematch of the previous final. Serbia won the bronze with a 93–83 victory over World Champions Germany, winning its third Olympic medal and first bronze (after two silvers) in men's basketball since the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Expressway S61 (Poland)
Expressway S61 or express road S61 is a Polish highway running from Ostrów Mazowiecka (separating from express road S8) to the Polish-Lithuanian border near Budzisko (continuing as the Lithuanian A5 highway). The route was completed in October 2025.

The road is part of the strategically important Via Baltica, the segment from Tallinn to Warsaw of the European route E67 connecting the Baltic States with the rest of Europe through the exposed Suwałki corridor. Its north-eastern end is also part of the planned Via Carpathia. Across the Lithuanian border the preexisting A5 highway to Kaunas is being upgraded into a divided highway with grade-separated junctions, bringing it to the same standard as the S61 expressway.

Via Carpathia
Via Carpathia (also Via Carpatia) is a transnational highway network under construction, connecting Klaipėda in Lithuania with Thessaloniki in Greece. The route largely runs through the Carpathian Mountains, hence its name. The Polish part of Via Carpatia was named in 2021 after the late President Lech Kaczyński.
The Battle of Taillebourg, 21 July 1242
The Battle of Taillebourg, 21 July 1242 is an 1837 painting of the Battle of Taillebourg by Eugène Delacroix, one of 33 huge works commissioned from different artists by Louis-Philippe I for his Gallery of Battles at the Palace of Versailles, inaugurated in 1837. It still hangs there, between Horace Vernet's The Battle of Bouvines, 27 July 1214 and Charles-Philippe Larivière's The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle, 18 August 1304. It is Delacroix's only work in the Gallery.

Horace Vernet
Émile Jean-Horace Vernet (French pronunciation: [emil ʒɑ̃ ɔʁas vɛʁnɛ]; 30 June 1789 – 17 January 1863), better known as Horace Vernet, was a French painter of battles, portraits, and Orientalist subjects.
2012–13 North Superleague
The 2012–13 North Superleague was the twelfth staging of the North Superleague, the highest tier of league competition in the North Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association. The season began on 4 August 2012. The winners of this competition gain direct entry to round one of the 2013–14 Scottish Cup.

Culter won the championship on 4 May 2013, the club's sixth Superleague title.

2013–14 Scottish Cup
The 2013–14 Scottish Cup was the 129th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 14 September 2013 and ended on 17 May 2014. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the third season of a five-year partnership after a two-year extension was agreed, and was known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.

St Johnstone won their first ever Scottish Cup after a 2–0 win against Dundee United in the final.
William J. Press
William J. Press (born 29 January 1881, date of death unknown) was a British wrestler who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics, where he won the silver medal in the freestyle wrestling bantamweight class.

Press won the British Wrestling Championships in 1906.

Amateur wrestling
Amateur wrestling is a variant of wrestling practiced at Olympic, collegiate, scholastic, and other levels. There are two international wrestling styles performed at the Olympic Games, freestyle and Greco-Roman, both of which are governed by the United World Wrestling (UWW).

At the middle school and high school levels in the United States, wrestlers compete in scholastic wrestling. In collegiate wrestling, there are minor differences in some scholastic wrestling rules.

The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness within the sport and its consideration as a core discipline.
Hafslovatnet
Hafslovatnet is a lake in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.

The lake lies at an elevation of 168 m (551 ft), has a surface area of 5.97 km2 (2.31 sq mi), and a water volume of 130,432,000 m3 (4.6062×109 cu ft). It serves as a reservoir for the hydroelectric power station in Årøy. The primary inflow of the Hafslovatnet is via the short river Soget from the lake Veitastrondsvatnet. The primary outflow is the river Årøyelvi, which flows south into the Barsnesfjord, an inner part of the Sogndalsfjord, which, in turn, is a northern branch of the Sognefjord.

The eponymous village of Hafslo lies at the northern shore of the lake. The eastern end of the lake lies at a distance of less than 2 km (1.2 mi) from the village of Solvorn, which lies at the northern shore of the Lustrafjorden. The western part of the lake lies in the bird reserve Hafslovatnet.

Bird reserve
A bird reserve (also called ornithological reserve) is a wildlife refuge designed to protect bird species. Like other wildlife refuges, the main goal of a reserve is to prevent species from becoming endangered or extinct. Typically, bird species in a reserve are protected from hunting and habitat destruction. Because of the protection they provide from such threats, bird reserves also serve as excellent locations for bird watching. Normally, wildlife refuges are under the care of non-profit organizations and governmental institutions.
Velenov
Velenov is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Velenov lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Blansko, 33 km (21 mi) north of Brno, and 180 km (110 mi) east of Prague.

Blansko
Blansko (Czech pronunciation: [ˈblansko]; German: Blanz) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Svitava River on the border of the Moravian Karst. It is mainly an industrial town.
Urbashi Mitra
Urbashi Mitra (born 1966) is an American electrical engineer, the Gordon S. Marshall Chair in Engineering at the University of Southern California, and a professor in the university's Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and (by courtesy) in the Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science. Topics in her research have included wireless communication, underwater acoustic communication, wireless sensor networks, signal processing, and network localization.

Gordon S. Marshall
Gordon S. Marshall (1919 – June 2, 2015) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder of Marshall Industries (NYSE: MI), a publicly traded company from 1984 to 1999. Gordon S. Marshall died on June 2, 2015, at the age of 95.
Guardians (2017 film)
Guardians (Russian: Защитники, romanized: Zashchitniki) is a 2017 Russian superhero film directed by Russian-Armenian filmmaker Sarik Andreasyan and starring Sebastien Sisak, Anton Pampushnyy, Sanzhar Madiyev, Alina Lanina, Valeriya Shkirando and Stanislav Shirin.

The film tells the story of a team of Soviet superheroes created during the Cold War. The team includes representatives of the different nationalities of the USSR. Each of the protagonists' superpowers reflect the strengths and traditions of the people of the USSR.

Guardians was met with strongly negative critical reception in Russian media, with many considering it to be one of the worst films ever made. It debuted atop the Russian box office; however, its gross quickly dropped, and Guardians is believed to be a box office bomb, narrowly recovered due to international viewership.

The film was released in the United States with an English dub by Shout! Factory on 5 December 2017.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Labedella endophytica
Labedella endophytica is a Gram-positive, aerobic, endophytic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Labedella which has been isolated from the stem of the plant Anabasis elatior from Urumqi in China.

Ürümqi
Ürümqi is the capital and largest city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwestern China. With a census population of 4 million in 2020, Ürümqi is the second-largest city in China's northwestern interior after Xi'an, and the second-largest in Central Asia in terms of population, after Kabul, Afghanistan. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and currently serves as a regional transport node and a cultural, political and commercial center.
Roger Young (cyclist)
Roger Jay Young (born May 21, 1953) is a retired American cyclist. He was part of the United States team that won a gold medal in the 4000 m pursuit at the 1975 Pan American Games. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in the sprint, but failed to reach the final. In 1973 he won the national title in track sprint.

After retirement from competitions he works as a cycling coach. He's married to movie producer Elaine Dysinger. Roger's sister Sheila Young, was a world top competitor both in speed skating and cycling.

1975 Pan American Games
The 1975 Pan American Games, officially known as the VII Pan American Games (Spanish: VII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Mexico 1975 (Spanish: México 1975), were held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975, exactly twenty years after the second Pan American Games were held there. It was the third major sporting event held in the Mexican capital in seven years, after the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1970 FIFA World Cup.