hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ramon Bagatsing
Ramon Delaraga Bagatsing Sr. (August 19, 1916 – February 14, 2006) was a Filipino politician. He was the only Filipino of Indian ancestry and person with disability (an amputee) who served as 19th Mayor of Manila from 1971 to 1986. Bagatsing held the unique distinction of being the only person to survive both the Bataan Death March and the Plaza Miranda bombing in 1971. He was a military hero for the Liberation of Manila during the Second World War.

Before occupying the city's highest office, Bagatsing served as a representative to Congress for Manila, member of Cabinet, lawyer, lay minister, and policeman. He earned the moniker "The Incorruptible" for his clean record in public service and for his unwavering anti-graft and corruption stance.

Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
An extraordinary minister of Holy Communion in the Catholic Church is, under the 1983 Code of Canon Law, "an acolyte, or another of Christ's faithful deputed", in certain circumstances, to distribute Holy Communion. The term "extraordinary" (meaning "not ordained") distinguishes such a person from the ordinary minister of Holy Communion, namely a bishop, priest or deacon. Typically only bishops, priests, and deacons may distribute Communion in the Catholic Church.

The 1983 code permits that "[w]here the needs of the Church require and ministers are not available, lay people, even though they are not lectors or acolytes, can supply certain of their functions, that is, exercise the ministry of the word, preside over liturgical prayers, confer baptism and distribute Holy Communion, in accordance with the provisions of the law."
Fred Hiscocks
Eceldowne or Eceldoune Frederick Hiscocks (19 March 1879 – Sydney, New South Wales, death date unknown) was an Australian-born cartoonist who worked in New Zealand and England. He was commonly known as Fred Hiscocks and signed his work 'EFH'. He produced popular 'cartoon booklets' in the early 1900s and his cartoons appeared in the Christchurch Weekly Press (1902-1914), New Zealand Free Lance, the Citizen (1909), and the Critic (1899). During World War I he produced cartoons for the Chronicles of the NZEF. He joined the London Daily News in 1925.

In 1914, he was fined for assaulting the sub-editor of the Free Lance, Arthur Claude Geddis.

The Press
The Press (Māori: Te Matatiki lit. 'The Source') is a daily newspaper published in Christchurch, New Zealand, owned by media business Stuff Ltd. First published in 1861, the newspaper is the largest circulating daily in the South Island and publishes Monday to Saturday. One community newspaper—Northern Outlook—is also published by The Press and is free.

The newspaper has won the title of New Zealand Newspaper of the Year (in its circulation category) three times: in 2006, 2007 and 2012. It has also won the overall Newspaper of the Year title twice: in 2006 and 2007.
AdventHealth Celebration
AdventHealth Celebration is a non-profit hospital in Celebration, Florida, United States owned by AdventHealth. The medical facility is a tertiary, statutory teaching hospital, psychiatric hospital , burn center, and comprehensive stroke center that has multiple specialties. Built in the Mediterranean-style it treats patients from around the world. The hospital has an affiliation with AdventHealth Orlando. In 2023, AdventHealth Celebration was tied with AdventHealth Kissimmee, as being the second largest employer in Osceola County with 3,565 employees.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Hermissenda crassicornis
Hermissenda crassicornis, also known as the opalescent nudibranch or thick-horned nudibranch, is a species of brightly coloured, sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

Nudibranch
Nudibranchs (/ˈnjuːdɪbræŋk/) are a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs, belonging to the order Nudibranchia, that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon" , and "sea rabbit". About 3,000 species of nudibranchs are known.

The word nudibranch comes from the Latin nudus 'naked' and the Ancient Greek βράγχια (bránkhia) 'gills'.

Nudibranchs are often casually called sea slugs, as they are a family of opisthobranchs (sea slugs), within the phylum Mollusca (molluscs), but many sea slugs belong to several taxonomic groups that are not closely related to nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic Sacoglossa and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs.
Žan-Luk Leban
Žan-Luk Leban (born 15 December 2002) is a Slovenian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Slovenian PrvaLiga club Celje.

He played for Slovenia's under-16, under-17 and under-21 teams.

Slovenia national under-17 football team
The Slovenia national under-17 football team is the national under-17 football team of Slovenia and is governed by the Football Association of Slovenia. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-17 Championship, which is held annually. Their first appearance in a major tournament took place in 2012, when they qualified for the 2012 UEFA European Under-17 Championship as the host country.
Surrogacy laws by country
The legal aspects of surrogacy in any particular jurisdiction tend to hinge on a few central questions:

Are surrogacy agreements enforceable, void, or prohibited? Does it make a difference whether the gestational carrier is paid (commercial) or simply reimbursed for expenses (altruistic)?

What, if any, difference does it make whether the surrogacy is traditional or gestational surrogacy?

Is there an alternative to post-birth adoption for the recognition of the intended parents as the legal parents, either before or after the birth?

Laws differ widely from one jurisdiction to another. Of the countries which allow surrogacy, many have residency or citizenship requirements for the intended parent(s) and/or the surrogate. Countries without such requirements often attract persons from abroad, being destinations for fertility tourism. In some countries, such as the United States, Canada or Australia, laws vary by state/territory.

Birth certificate
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a person. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by a healthcare professional such as a midwife or doctor.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17 of 2015, an integral part of the 2030 Agenda, has a target to increase the timely availability of data regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, and other relevant characteristics which documents like a birth certificate have the capacity to provide.
Capo di Noli
Capo di Noli is an oil on canvas painting of 1898 by the French artist Paul Signac. It depicts a cape on the Italian Riviera, close to Genoa. Signac hiked there from Saint-Tropez two years before the painting was completed, and of his intentions he wrote he "wanted to take every corner of the canvas to the absolute extreme in terms of colour."

Paul Signac
Paul Victor Jules Signac (/siːnˈjɑːk/ seen-YAHK, French: [pɔl siɲak]; 11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French Neo-Impressionist painter who, with Georges Seurat, helped develop the artistic technique Pointillism.

A keen sailor, he is best known for his seascapes and views of ports and rivers.
Bhabanipur, Rajshahi Division
Bhabanipur (Bengali: ভবানীপুর) is a union under Sherpur Upazila in Bogra of Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh. It is a sacred site around Karatoyatat and one of the Shakti Peethas of Indian subcontinent. The Bhabanipur Shaktipeeth is a place of worship consecrated to the Goddess Ma Bhabani. It is a historic place of pilgrimage for the followers of Hinduism.

Sherpur Upazila
Sherpur Upazila (Bengali: শেরপুর উপজেলা) is an upazila (subdistrict) of Bogra District in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh. Sherpur Thana was established in 1962 and was converted into an upazila in 1983. It is named after its administrative center, the town of Sherpur.
Hamazaspes
Hamazaspes (Greek: Ἁμαζάσπης; fl. 814–815) was a high-ranking Byzantine official who held the title of protasekretis, overseeing the imperial chancery. During the period of 814–815, he aligned himself with Emperor Leo V the Armenian's iconoclastic policies. The name Hamazaspes is derived from the Middle Persian Hamāzāsp, which translates to "owner of warhorses", and was common among both Persians and the Armenian nobility. As a result, it is unclear whether this specific Hamazaspes was of Iranian or Armenian heritage.

Armenian nobility
The Armenian nobility (Armenian: Հայ ազնվականություն, romanized: hay aznvakanutyun) was a class of persons which enjoyed certain privileges relative to other members of society under the laws and customs of various regimes of Armenia. Governments which recognized or conferred nobility were the Kingdom of Van (860-590 B.C.), Satrapy of Armenia (570-331 B.C.), Kingdom of Armenia (331 B.C.-428 A.D.), Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia (885–1045) and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198–1375). The Armenian kingdoms of Vanand (963–1065), Syunik (987–1170), and Lori (978–1113) had a system of nobility that was similar to the nobility of Cilicia.
Gerald Item
Gerald Herman Peter Item (17 November 1960 – 23 May 2019) was an Indonesian swimmer. He competed in numerous international sporting events representing Indonesia. At the 1978 Asian Games, he won seven medals. At the 1982 Asian Games, he collected three bronze medals in relay events. Item also participated in the Southeast Asian Games of 1977, 1979 and 1981 and received a total of seventeen individual medals (not counting relay events), including five gold in 1979 alone.

After retiring from swimming, he and his wife, Elfira Nasution, formed a swimming club named Elfira Swima Gemilang (ESG). He and his family left Indonesia in 2009 where he moved to Riverside, California and started coaching there.

Aquatics at the 1981 SEA Games
Aquatics at the 1981 Southeast Asian Games included swimming, diving and water polo events. The three sports of aquatics were held in Manila, Philippines. Aquatics events was held between 10 December to 13 December.
Paul Johnson (American football coach, born 1984)
Paul Johnson (born September 17, 1984) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Chowan University, a position he has held since 2023. He previously coached for Marshall, West Virginia, Charleston, and Bloomsburg. He played college football for Ohio as a left guard.

Charleston Golden Eagles football
The Charleston Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Charleston in college football at the NCAA Division II level as a member of the Mountain East Conference (MEC). The Golden Eagles play their home games at University of Charleston Stadium at Laidley Field in Charleston, West Virginia.
Hibbs
Hibbs is a surname, originally chiefly from Devon. Its etymology may be either, Patronymic, from a diminutive of the name Hibbert; or a Matronymic of the Medieval female name Ibb, in turn a pet name from Isabel or Isabelle.

Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Hibbs (1924-2003), American mathematician

Ben Hibbs (1901–1975), American writer and editor

Harry Hibbs (footballer) (1906–1984),  English footballer

Harry Hibbs (musician) (1942–1989), Canadian musician

Jesse Hibbs (1906–1985), American film and television director

Jim Hibbs (born 1944), American baseball player

Loren Hibbs (born 1961), American baseball player and coach

Robert John Hibbs (1943–1966), American military officer and Medal of Honor recipient

Jesse Hibbs
Jesse John Hibbs (January 11, 1906 – February 4, 1985) was an American film and television director and football player. He played college football for the USC Trojans, earning consensus All-American honors as a tackle in 1927 and 1928.
Premiership of Sheikh Hasina
Sheikh Hasina's tenure as Prime Minister of Bangladesh began on 23 June 1996, when she assumed office after her party, the Awami League, won the general election, succeeding Khaleda Zia's Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). Her first term lasted until 15 July 2001. She returned to office on 6 January 2009 following her party's landslide victory in the 2008 general election and had further electoral wins in 2014, 2018 and 2024 general elections, though these elections were widely criticised for lacking transparency, with opposition parties boycotting those elections and international observers alleging vote manipulation and suppression.

Her premiership ended in August 2024 following the July Revolution against her government, in which, she resigned and fled to India, marking the conclusion of her 16 years uninterrupted rule.

Razakars (Pakistan)
The Razakars (Urdu: رضا کار Bengali: রাজাকার, lit. 'Volunteer') were a gendarmerie and paramilitary force in East Pakistan organised by General Tikka Khan in 1971. They were organised as a counter-insurgency force to fight Mukti Bahini members in the Bangladesh War of Independence, and played an infamous role in the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. The Razakars were disbanded following Pakistan's defeat and surrender in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.
Citra Scholastika
Skolastika Citra Kirana Wulan (born 5 June 1994), commonly known as Citra Scholastika, is the youngest finalist from the sixth season of Indonesian Idol. She is of Javanese descent. Her father is an employee at PT Freeport Indonesia while her mother owns a bakery business. Before she managed to become a finalist on Indonesian Idol, Citra Scholastika was eliminated in the workshop round III and came back through the Wild Card. Her interest in singing began at age four when she started singing at church contests. She is known for her distinctive voice in jazz.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
Knut Andreas Knudsen
Knut Andreas Knudsen (26 October 1919 – 10 April 2001) was a Norwegian shipowner and a politician for the Liberal Party. Born in Gjerpen, he was a son of shipowner Christen Knudsen (1884–1986) and a grandson of Gunnar Knudsen.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Telemark during the terms 1961–1965 and 1965–1969.

Knudsen was a member of the executive committee of Gjerpen municipality council from 1955 to 1963. Then, Gjerpen was incorporated into Skien, and Knudsen held the same post in Skien from 1963 to 1975.

Gjerpen
Gjerpen is a former municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 381-square-kilometre (147 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Skien Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Gjerpen, which is now part of the growing town of Skien. Gjerpen Church was the main church for the municipality.
Dunnam
Dunnam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jim Dunnam (born 1963), American politician and trial attorney

Maxie Dunnam (born 1934), American United Methodist Church minister, evangelist, Bible commentator, and writer

Stephanie Dunnam (born 1959), American actress

Maxie Dunnam
Maxie D. Dunnam (born 12 August 1934) is a Global Methodist Church minister, evangelist, Bible commentator and writer. He is a past president of World Methodist Council. He is currently President Emeritus of Asbury Theological Seminary.
John Morgan (British journalist)
John Morgan (1929–1988) was a Welsh journalist and broadcaster. Morgan worked for the BBC as a presenter on programmes such as Panorama, and wrote for the New Statesman, The Spectator and The Sunday Times, among other publications.

Panorama (British TV programme)
Panorama is a British current affairs documentary news programme broadcast on the BBC. First broadcast in 1953, it is the world's longest-running television news magazine programme.

Panorama has been presented by many well-known BBC presenters, including Richard Dimbleby, Robin Day, David Dimbleby and Jeremy Vine. As of 2022, it broadcasts in peak time on BBC One, without a regular presenter. The programme also airs worldwide through the international feed of the BBC News channel in many countries, and domestically via the UK feed.
Whitefly
Whiteflies are hemipterans that typically feed on the undersides of plant leaves. They are classified in the family Aleyrodidae, the only family in the superfamily Aleyrodoidea. More than 1550 whitefly species have been described.

Phloem
Pith

Protoxylem

Metaxylem

Phloem

Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

Cortex

Epidermis

Phloem (/ˈfloʊ.əm/, FLOH-əm) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Ancient Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning "bark". The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858. Different types of phloem can be distinguished. The early phloem formed in the growth apices is called protophloem. Protophloem eventually becomes obliterated once it connects to the durable phloem in mature organs, the metaphloem. Further, secondary phloem is formed during the thickening of stem structures.
Mark Wilson (cricketer)
Mark Wilson (25 November 1890 – 3 August 1982) was an English-born Scottish first-class cricketer.

Wilson was born in November 1890 in Whitburn, County Durham. He was a club cricketer for Clackmannan County/ His club career was somewhat eventful, with him making an allegation to the police that he had been assaulted by a spectator during a match in 1924. He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Scotland against Lancashire at Old Trafford on Scotland's 1925 tour of England. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring by Dick Tyldesley, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 4 runs by Len Hopwood. With his left-arm fast-medium bowling, he bowled eight wicketless overs. Outside of cricket, Wilson played football for Sauchie Juniors F.C., signing for the club in August 1922. Away from sports, he was by profession a foreman at a woollen mill. Wilson died in August 1982 at Sauchie, Clackmannanshire.

Sauchie Juniors F.C.
Sauchie Juniors Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the village of Sauchie, Clackmannanshire. Their home ground is Beechwood Park and club colours are red and white. The team plays in the East of Scotland League Premier Division, having moved from the junior leagues in 2018.
Coleman Classics Volume 1
Coleman Classics Volume 1 is a live album by pianist Paul Bley, saxophonist Ornette Coleman, trumpeter Don Cherry, drummer Billy Higgins and bassist Charlie Haden recorded in California in 1958 and released Bley's on the Improvising Artists label in 1977. The album is an early live recording of Ornette Coleman, made shortly after his first album, Something Else!!!! and featuring the group (without Bley) that would soon record the Atlantic albums The Shape of Jazz to Come (1959) and Change of the Century (1960).

Change of the Century
Change of the Century is a studio album by jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman. It was released through Atlantic Records in May 1960. It sold very well from soon after its release. Recording sessions for the album took place on October 8 and 9, 1959, in New York City.

In the liner notes, Coleman stressed that the album was "a group effort," and wrote: "When our group plays, before we start out to play, we do not have any idea what the end result will be. Each player is free to contribute what he feels in the music at any given moment... our final results depend entirely on the musicianship, emotional make-up and taste of the individual member."
Pomerania Euroregion
The Pomerania euroregion or Euroregion Pomerania was set up in 1995 as one of the euroregions, thought to connect regions divided between states of the European Union. The name is taken from the region of Pomerania, yet the euroregion is of a different shape than the historical region. It comprises German Western Pomerania and Uckermark, as well as Polish Zachodniopomorskie.

Uckermark
The Uckermark (German pronunciation: [ˈʊkɐˌmaʁk] ⓘ) is a historical region in northeastern Germany, which currently straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its traditional capital is Prenzlau.
Thomas Tuck
Thomas Ridout Tuck (1812 – 7 March 1885) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of John Johnson Tuck, he was born in 1812 at Witton, Norfolk. He was educated at Wymondham Grammar School, before going up to Caius College, Cambridge. Tuck was a keen cricketer, making his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against The Bs at Lord's in 1832. He played first-class cricket for the MCC until 1842, making a further eight appearances. In sixteen innings across his nine matches, Tuck scored 77 runs at an average of 5.92, with a highest score of 20. After graduating from Cambridge, Tuck was ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in 1848 at Chester Cathedral. He was appointed curate of Redmile in Leicestershire in 1851, before being appointed perpetual curate of St John-the-Baptist at Epping in 1852, an appointment he would hold until his retirement in 1882. Tuck died at Epping in March 1885, aged 72.

Witton, North Norfolk
Witton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is located 8 km (5.0 mi) east of the town of North Walsham and 30 km (19 mi) north of the city of Norwich. It should not be confused with the quite different Norfolk village of similar name in the parish of Postwick with Witton, some 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Norwich.

The villages name means 'wood farm/settlement'.

The civil parish (officially known as Witton) also includes the village of Ridlington and has an area of 9.77 km2 (3.77 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 298 in 134 households, increasing to a population of 318 in 141 households at the 2011 Census.   For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.

The parish church of St. Margaret has a round tower, making it one of the many round-towered churches in Norfolk and Suffolk.