hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Albion metal
Albion metal is a form of metal foil produced by rolling tin onto a lead base, or sandwiching lead between two sheets of tin.

An alternative method of production was to cast tin onto an ingot of recently-cast, congealing, lead.

Albion metal is used for decorative rather than load-bearing purposes, such as coffin adornments, toys, and costume jewellery, and for protecting foodstuffs and drinking water from contact with lead.

It was introduced and patented in 1804, by Thomas Dobbs, an inventor from Kings Norton who was also a comic actor at the Theatre Royal in Birmingham, England.

The patent was the subject of a legal dispute in 1857, when a failed attempt was made to use it to invalidate another later patent.

Foil (metal)
A foil is a very thin sheet of metal, typically made by hammering or rolling. Foils are most easily made with malleable metal, such as aluminium, copper, tin, and gold. Foils usually bend under their own weight and can be torn easily. For example, aluminium foil is usually about 1⁄1000 inch (0.025 mm), whereas gold (more malleable than aluminium) can be made into foil only a few atoms thick, called gold leaf. Extremely thin foil is called metal leaf. Leaf tears very easily and must be picked up with special brushes.
Carey Foster
George Carey Foster FCS FRS (October 1835 – 9 February 1919) was a chemist and physicist, known for application and modification of the Wheatstone bridge for precise electrical measurement. The Carey Foster bridge is named after him.

Chemical Society
The Chemical Society was a scientific society formed in 1841 (then named the Chemical Society of London) by 77 scientists as a result of increased interest in scientific matters. Chemist Robert Warington was the driving force behind its creation.
Charles Herb
Charles August Herb (September 21, 1846 – October 18, 1895) was an American merchant and politician.

Born in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Herb emigrated with his family in 1852 to the United States and settled in New York City, in Fosterburg, Illinois, and then in Alton, Illinois. Herb served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Herb was a merchant and lived in Alton, Illinois. Herb served on the Madison County, Illinois Board of Commissioners. He also served on the Alton city council and was the mayor of Alton. In 1895, he served in the Illinois State Senate and was a Republican.

Herb died at age 49 at his home in Alton, Illinois in 1895, following a stroke.

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
Trocadero Theatre
The Trocadero Theatre (opened as the Arch Street Opera House) is a historic theater located in Chinatown in  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It offered musical comedies, vaudeville, opera, and burlesque. The Trocadero Theatre was refurbished for use as an art house cinema and fine arts theatre in 1970s, and by the 1990s had become an iconic venue for rock and punk concerts.

American burlesque
American burlesque is a genre of variety show derived from elements of Victorian burlesque, music hall, and minstrel shows. Burlesque became popular in the United States in the late 1860s and slowly evolved to feature ribald comedy and female nudity. By the late 1920s, the striptease element overshadowed the comedy and subjected burlesque to extensive local legislation. Burlesque gradually lost its popularity, beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by recreating burlesque on the stage and in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s.
Kolmogorov Medal
The Kolmogorov Medal is a prize awarded to distinguished researchers with life-long contributions to one of the fields initiated by Andrey Kolmogorov.

The Kolmogorov Medal was first awarded in 2003 to celebrate 100 years since the birth of Kolmogorov. The recipient is invited to deliver a lecture at the Centre for Reliable Machine Learning of Royal Holloway, University of London. Early lectures were published in The Computer Journal.

Andrey Kolmogorov
Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров, IPA: [ɐnˈdrʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ kəlmɐˈɡorəf] ⓘ, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a Soviet mathematician who played a central role in the creation of modern probability theory. He also gave fundamental contributions to the mathematics of topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics, functional analysis, algorithmic information theory and computational complexity.
Władysław Kozakiewicz
Władysław Kozakiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [vwaˈdɨswaf kɔzaˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ]; born 8 December 1953) is a Lithuanian-born retired Polish athlete who specialised in the pole vault. He is best known for winning the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow and the bras d'honneur gesture which he showed to the hostile Soviet crowd. In Poland, where the gesture was viewed as a symbol of resistance against Soviet dominance, it became known as "Kozakiewicz's gesture" (gest Kozakiewicza). In addition, he won several medals at continental level, won two Summer Universiades and broke the pole vault world record three times, twice outdoors and once indoors. He is also a ten-time Polish champion.

FISU World University Games
The FISU World University Games, formerly the Universiade, is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The former name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad".

The Universiade is referred to in English as the World University Games or World Student Games; however, this latter term can also refer to competitions for sub-University grades students. In July 2020 as part of a new branding system by the FISU, it was stated that the Universiade was to be officially branded as the FISU World University Games.

The most recent summer event was the 2025 Summer World University Games held in Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany held from 16-27 July 2025, while the most recent winter event was the 2025 Winter World University Games held in Turin, Italy from 13 to 23 January 2025.
East Branch Mohawk River (New Hampshire)
The East Branch of the Mohawk River is a 4.6-mile-long (7.4 km) river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the West Branch Mohawk River and in turn the Mohawk River, which flows west to the Connecticut River, which in turn flows south to Long Island Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.

The East Branch rises in Coleman State Park in Stewartstown, New Hampshire, just south of Little Diamond Pond. The river flows south through forests and fields, joining the West Branch at the village of Upper Kidderville in the town of Colebrook.

Coleman State Park
Coleman State Park is a public recreation area on Little Diamond Pond in Stewartstown, New Hampshire. Activities in the state park include camping, hiking, fishing, ATV riding, and picnicking.

The park was created when the state purchased the 1,200-acre (490 ha) Camp Diamond property from the Coleman family in 1956.

The park is 1 of 10 New Hampshire state parks that are in the path of totality for the 2024 solar eclipse, with 2 minutes and 59 seconds of totality.
Joseph-Edmond Robert
Joseph-Edmond Robert (November 16, 1864 – February 26, 1949) was a farmer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Rouville in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1908 to 1922 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Marieville, Canada East, the son of Victor Robert and Euphrasie Désautels. He was educated at the Collège Sainte-Marie-de-Monnoir in Marieville. Robert was co-registrar for Rouville County and a director of the Colonization Society for Saint-Jean County. In 1886, he married Marie-Rose Martel. He was first elected to the Quebec assembly in a 1908 by-election held after Alfred Girard was named a judge. Robert resigned his seat in 1922 after being named colonization and immigration agent for Quebec. He later ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Quebec assembly in 1935. He died in Magog at the age of 84 and was buried in Marieville.

Marieville
Marieville (French pronunciation: [maʁivil]) is a city in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is located within the Rouville Regional County Municipality in the Montérégie region about 30 km (19 mi) east of Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 11,332.
African American trail rides
African American trail rides, or Black trail rides, are rural parade-like celebrations that commemorate the traditions of Black cowboys and formerly enslaved Black Americans who were skilled in caring for and training livestock. The tradition is most prevalent in the African American communities of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama.

Creole trail rides in Louisiana and Texas typically feature a "procession, zydeco music, dancing and feasting." The annual Step-N-Strut trail ride in St. Landry Parish has been described as "the Creole Woodstock." Trail rides are increasingly popular in Mississippi.

These trail rides can include hundreds or thousands of riders, often organized by trail riding clubs.

St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
St. Landry Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Landry) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 82,540.  The parish seat is Opelousas. The parish was established in 1807.

St. Landry Parish comprises the Opelousas, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), which is also included in the Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City, LA Combined Statistical Area. It is at the heart of Creole and Cajun culture and heritage in Louisiana.
Chaseholm Farm Creamery
The Chaseholm Farm Creamery is a 350-acre (140 ha) family-run farm in Pine Plains, New York, on the borders of Dutchess and Columbia Counties in New York's Hudson Valley, protected by the Columbia Land Conservancy. It works with many farms in the surrounding Hudson Valley as part of the local food movement. The Chaseholm Farm Creamery is currently run by siblings Rory and Sarah Chase.

Columbia County, New York
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2020 census, the population was 61,570. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the surname of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Rykhtychi
Rykhtychi (Ukrainian: Рихтичі; Polish: Rychcice) is a selo in Drohobych Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Drohobych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

It was first mentioned in 1123 and currently has a population of 3,244.

Drohobych Raion
Drohobych Raion (Ukrainian: Дрогобицький район, romanized: Drohobytskyi raion) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Drohobych. Population: 232,947 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Drohobych Raion was significantly expanded. Boryslav and Drohobych municipalities, as well as the city of Truskavets, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance, were merged into Drohobych Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 51,152 (2020 est.).
Llucia Ramis
Llucia Ramis i Laloux (Palma, Majorca, April 23, 1977) is a Catalan language journalist and writer. She studied journalism at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and has worked in different media, including the newspaper Diario de Mallorca, the literary magazine Quimera, COM Ràdio, Rac1 and the Catalan edition of El Mundo newspaper. In El Mundo she publishes the column Plexiglàs of the Tendències supplement.

Her début novel was Coses que et passen a Barcelona quan tens 30 anys (Editorial Columna, 2008), and it received favorable reviews. In 2010, she won the Josep Pla Award with her second novel Egosurfing (Editorial Destino, 2010). She also participated in the story collections Odio Barcelona [I hate Barcelona](2008) and Matar en Barcelona [Killing in Barcelona](2009) .

Josep Pla Award
The Josep Pla Award (Spanish: Premio Josep Pla; Catalan: Premi Josep Pla) is a Spanish literary prize, awarded by the Destino publishing house since 1968, to a prose text written in Catalan. It is open to all genres: novel, short story, narrative, travel book, memoir, biography, diary, etc. Its name pays tribute to Josep Pla, considered one of the most important prose writers of contemporary Catalan literature.

It is one of the most prestigious prizes awarded to literature in Catalan. The award ceremony takes place every 6 January, during the night of Epiphany, at the Hotel El Palace in Barcelona. The Premio Nadal is also awarded at the same ceremony.
Kirchberg, Rhein-Hunsrück
Kirchberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪʁçbɛʁk] ⓘ), the Stadt auf dem Berg (“Town on the Mountain”), called Kerbrich in Moselle Franconian, is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, to which it also belongs.

Hall church
A hall church is a church with a nave and aisles of approximately equal height. In England, Flanders and the Netherlands, it is covered by parallel roofs, typically, one for each vessel, whereas in Germany there is often one single immense roof. The term was invented in the mid-19th century by Wilhelm Lübke, a pioneering German art historian. In contrast to an architectural basilica, where the nave is lit from above by the clerestory, a hall church is lit by the windows of the side walls typically spanning almost the full height of the interior.
Anabelle Rodríguez
Anabelle Rodríguez Rodríguez (born December 24, 1950) is a Puerto Rican lawyer, former state Attorney General, and former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. In December 2020 she reached the age of 70, at which point the Puerto Rico Constitution mandated her retirement from the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.

Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico) is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States and is the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court, which by nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The seat of the Supreme Court is the Supreme Court Building in San Juan Islet in the capital municipality of San Juan.
Natural-rights libertarianism
Natural-rights libertarianism is the theory that all individuals possess certain natural or moral rights, mainly a right of individual sovereignty and that therefore acts of initiation of force and fraud are rights-violations and that is sufficient reason to oppose those acts. This is one of the two ethical view points within right-libertarianism, the other being consequentialist libertarianism which only takes into account the consequences of actions and rules when judging them and holds that free markets and strong private property rights have good consequences.

Some deontological libertarian views are based on the non-aggression principle which states that no human being holds the right to initiate force or fraud against the person or property of another human being under any circumstances. This principle is taken as basic, defining all other moral principles, not simply principles of justice. Others are based on self-ownership, and concerned only with principles of justice.

Ronald Hamowy
Ronald Hamowy (/həˈmaʊi/; April 17, 1937 – September 8, 2012) was a Canadian academic, known primarily for his contributions to political and social academic fields. At the time of his death, he was professor emeritus of intellectual history at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.  Hamowy was closely associated with the political ideology of libertarianism and his writings and scholarship place particular emphasis on individual liberty and the limits of state action in a free society. He is associated with a number of prominent American libertarian organizations.
Calcium signaling in cell division
Calcium plays a crucial role in regulating the events of cellular division. Calcium acts both to modulate intracellular signaling as a secondary messenger and to facilitate structural changes as cells progress through division. Exquisite control of intracellular calcium dynamics are required, as calcium appears to play a role at multiple cell cycle checkpoints.

The major downstream calcium effectors are the calcium-binding calmodulin protein and downstream calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I / II.  Evidence points to this signaling cascade as a major mediator of calcium signaling in cell division.

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II or CaMKII) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is regulated by the Ca2+/calmodulin complex. CaMKII is involved in many signaling cascades and is thought to be an important mediator of learning and memory. 
CaMKII is also necessary for Ca2+ homeostasis and reuptake in cardiomyocytes, 
chloride transport in epithelia, 
positive T-cell selection, 
and CD8 T-cell activation.

Misregulation of CaMKII is linked to Alzheimer's disease, Angelman syndrome, and heart arrhythmia.
Peking Express (film)
Peking Express is a 1951 American action adventure film produced and released by Paramount Pictures. It is the second remake of Paramount's earlier Shanghai Express (1932), following Night Plane from Chungking (1943), and the first film to be set in Red China. It was directed by William Dieterle and produced by Hal B. Wallis from a screenplay by John Meredyth Lucas that is based on the original screenplay by Jules Furthman and Harry Hervey. The film stars Joseph Cotten, Corinne Calvet, Edmund Gwenn and Marvin Miller.

The music score was composed by Dimitri Tiomkin, the cinematographer was Charles Lang, the art directors were Franz Bachelin and Hal Pereira and the costume designer was Edith Head.

Dimitri Tiomkin
Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (May 10, 1894 – November 11, 1979) was a Russian and American film composer and conductor. Classically trained in Saint Petersburg before the Bolshevik Revolution, he moved to Berlin and then New York City after the Russian Revolution. In 1929, after the stock market crash, he moved to Hollywood, where he became best known for his scores for Western films, including Duel in the Sun, Red River, High Noon, The Big Sky, 55 Days at Peking, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, Rio Bravo, and Last Train from Gun Hill.

Tiomkin received 22 Academy Award nominations and won four Oscars, three for Best Original Score for High Noon, The High and the Mighty, and The Old Man and the Sea, and one for Best Original Song for "The Ballad of High Noon" from the film High Noon.
Roots – Judur – Shorashim
Roots – Judur – Shorashim is a non-profit based in the West Bank area of Gush Etzion, which aims to promote dialogue and trust between Israelis and Palestinians as a path to peace. They operate the only joint Israeli-Palestinian community center in the West Bank. In addition to their Gush Etzion center, they have three branches located in the Shomron area, the Jordan Valley and the South Hebron Hills.

The words “judur” and “shorashim” mean “roots” in Arabic and Hebrew respectively.

Shomron Regional Council
The Shomron Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית שומרון, Mo'atza Azorit Shomron, English Samaria Regional Council) is an Israeli regional council in the northern portion of the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Thirty-five Israeli settlements fall under its jurisdiction. As of December 2020 the jurisdiction area of the council has a population of about 47,200 people. The main offices are located in the Barkan Industrial Park.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Covering 2,800 square kilometers of the West Bank, it was, prior to the fall of 2005 when some of its municipal land was abandoned as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, the largest Israeli regional council in municipal area.

In August 2015, Yossi Dagan was elected to position of Chairman of Shomron Regional Council, with 62% of the vote.
KBFD-DT
KBFD-DT (channel 32) is an Asian independent television station in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. The station is owned by Allen Broadcasting (not to be confused with Allen Media Group, owner of ABC affiliate KITV [channel 4] and multicultural independent KIKU [channel 20]). KBFD-DT's studios are located on Bishop Street in downtown Honolulu, and its transmitter is located near Hawaii Pacific University.

Unlike major network affiliates in the Hawaii market, KBFD-DT does not operate any satellite stations or translators, nor is it available on DirecTV or Dish Network. It can only be received via cable outside the Honolulu-area reach of its main signal.

Hawaii Pacific University
Hawaiʻi Pacific University (HPU) is a private university in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, United States. Oceanic Institute of HPU, an aquaculture research facility, is located at Makapuʻu Point. HPU is also present on military installations on the island of Oʻahu.
Ride a Crooked Trail
Ride a Crooked Trail is a 1958 American Western film shot in CinemaScope and Eastman Color, with Audie Murphy and future Academy Award-winning actor Walter Matthau heading a strong if not well-known cast.

Gia Scala and Henry Silva co-star in the film, directed by Jesse Hibbs, his final feature film.

Eastmancolor
Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with color motion picture production and referring to George Eastman, founder of Kodak.

Eastmancolor, introduced in 1950, was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names, such as DeLuxe Color, Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathécolor, Columbiacolor, and others.

For more information on Eastmancolor, see

Color motion picture film, for background on Eastmancolor and other motion picture processes in general

Eastman Kodak Fine Grain color negative films (1950 onwards), within the "List of motion picture film stocks" article
2011 Royal Bank of Scotland Challenger – Doubles
Robert Kendrick and Travis Rettenmaier were the defending champions but Kendrick decided not to participate.
Rettenmaier played alongside Simon Stadler, losing in the first round.
Carsten Ball and Chris Guccione won the title, defeating Steve Johnson and Sam Querrey 6–1, 5–7, [10–6] in the final.

Travis Rettenmaier
Travis Rettenmaier (born August 6, 1983) is an American former professional tennis player and pickleball player. Rettenmaier's highest singles ranking was World No. 273 achieved on February 27, 2006. In doubles, his ranking was World No. 57, which he achieved on July 12, 2010. He was mainly active as a doubles player.

Rettenmaier in 2022 became the first owner/player of a Major League Pickleball team. As a co-owner of the Florida Smash (www.floridasmash.com) Rettenmaier made the finals of the first event at Dreamland in Dripping Springs, Texas. Rettenmaier played alongside JW Johnson, Lee Whitwell and Maggy Remynse.

Rettenmaier is now a full time professional pickleball player with an intense interest in the growth and business of pickleball.