hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manin obstruction
In mathematics, in the field of arithmetic algebraic geometry, the Manin obstruction (named after Yuri Manin) is attached to a variety X over a global field, which measures the failure of the Hasse principle for X. If the value of the obstruction is non-trivial, then X may have points over all local fields but not over the global field. The Manin obstruction is sometimes called the Brauer–Manin obstruction, as Manin used the Brauer group of X to define it.

For abelian varieties the Manin obstruction is just the Tate–Shafarevich group and fully accounts for the failure of the local-to-global principle (under the assumption that the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite).  There are however examples, due to Alexei Skorobogatov, of varieties with trivial Manin obstruction which have points everywhere locally and yet no global points.

Tate–Shafarevich group
In arithmetic geometry, the  Tate–Shafarevich group Ш(A/K) of an abelian variety A (or more generally a group scheme) defined over a number field K consists of the elements of the Weil–Châtelet group , where  is the absolute Galois group of K, that become trivial in all of the completions of K (i.e., the real and complex completions as well as the p-adic fields obtained from K by completing with respect to all its Archimedean and non Archimedean valuations v). Thus, in terms of Galois cohomology, Ш(A/K) can be defined as

This group was introduced by Serge Lang and John Tate and Igor Shafarevich. Cassels introduced the notation Ш(A/K), where Ш is the Cyrillic letter "Sha", for Shafarevich, replacing the older notation TS or TŠ.
Testudinalia testudinalis
Testudinalia testudinalis, common name the common tortoise limpet, is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets. It is commonly known as the plant limpet or tortoiseshell limpet.

Patellogastropoda
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order.

The clade Patellogastropoda is deemed monophyletic based on phylogenetic analysis.
Kakogawa, Hyōgo
Kakogawa (加古川市, Kakogawa-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 255,523 in 110,380 households and a population density of 1,800 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 138.48 square kilometres (53.47 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
Joe Scott (American football)
Joseph Oscar Scott Jr. (March 17, 1926 – June 30, 2016) was an American professional football player who played running back for six seasons for the New York Giants. He was born in Murchison, Texas, and died in Athens, Texas, where he lived in 2016.

Athens, Texas
Athens is a city and the county seat of Henderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 12,857. The city has called itself the "Black-Eyed Pea Capital of the World." Athens was selected as one of the first "Certified Retirement Communities" in Texas. Athens was incorporated in 1856 and was named after Athens, the capital of Greece.
Stephan Tauschitz
Stephan Tauschitz (9 July 1889 in Hörtendorf – 28 March 1970 in Klagenfurt) was an Austrian politician (Landbund) and farmer.

Tauschitz was born in Hörtendorf, which was a village, but was later included into Klagenfurt. After high school (Realschule) in Klagenfurt, he studied at Vienna University of Technology, where he graduated in 1922.

He was a member of National Council from 1927 to 1930. He went on to become Gauleiter of the Heimwehr, but later quit his membership.

Gauleiter
A Gauleiter (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊlaɪtɐ] ⓘ) was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
The House with Closed Shutters
The House with Closed Shutters is a 1910 American silent drama film directed by  D. W. Griffith and released by the Biograph Company. Prints of The House with Closed Shutters exist in the film archives of the Museum of Modern Art, George Eastman House, and the Library of Congress.

Biograph Company
The Biograph Company, also known as the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916. It was the first company in the United States devoted entirely to film production and exhibition, and for two decades was one of the most prolific, releasing over 3000 short films and 12 feature films. During the height of silent film as a medium, Biograph was the most prominent American film studio and one of the most respected and influential studios worldwide, only rivaled by Germany's UFA, Sweden's Svensk Filmindustri and France's Pathé. The company was home to pioneering director D. W. Griffith and such actors as Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore.
Lake Palčje
Lake Palčje (Slovene: Palško jezero) is an intermittent lake in the Pivka basin north of the settlement Palčje in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia. It fills an oval-shaped karst depression, crossed by Pivka, and approximately 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long and 0.5 km (0.31 mi) wide. Its bottom is relatively level at between 543 and 557 m (1,781 and 1,827 ft) above sea level, but the banks are steep. Lake Palčje is the largest among the Pivka Lakes with average maximum water area around 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi).

The bottom is at groundwater level, so the amount of water depends on current hydrological conditions. Usually, the lake fills after the heavy rains in late autumn and again in spring. On average, the area is flooded for around three months every year. The lake's main inflow is the estavelle Matija's Cave (Matijeva jama) out of which the water flowing from the Javornik Hills erupts.

Inner Carniola
45°43′00″N 14°25′00″E﻿ / ﻿45.71667°N 14.41667°E﻿ / 45.71667; 14.41667

Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Inner Carniola (Slovene: Notranjska pronounced [ˈnòːtɾanska]; German: Innerkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the southwestern part of the larger Carniola region. It comprises the Hrušica karst plateau up to Postojna Gate, bordering the Slovenian Littoral (the Gorizia region) in the west. Its administrative and economic center of the region is Postojna, and other minor centers include Vrhnika, Logatec, Cerknica, Pivka, and Ilirska Bistrica.
United States Post Office (Waverly, New York)
US Post Office-Waverly is a historic post office building located at Waverly in Tioga County, New York.  It was designed and built in 1936–1937 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story, five-bay, steel-frame building clad in yellow/buff-colored brick on a raised foundation executed in the Colonial Revival style.  The interior features a 1939 mural by artist Musa McKim titled "Spanish Hill and the Early Inhabitants of the Vicinity."

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Tioga County, New York
Tioga County /taɪˈoʊɡə/ is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 48,455. Its county seat is Owego. Tioga County is part of the Binghamton metropolitan area. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county's name is a corruption of Iroquois De-yoh-ho-gah, meaning "at the forks" or "where it forks."
Martyns Mannah
Martyns Ibipulo Mannah MHA, (born 11 February 1975) is a Nigerian state-level politician. He was elected into the Rivers State House of Assembly in 2015, and represents the constituency of Ahoada East I as a member of the Rivers State People's Democratic Party.

Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party
The Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party, also referred to as Rivers PDP, is the state chapter of the Peoples Democratic Party in Rivers State,  Nigeria. It is currently chaired by businessman and Philanthropist Felix Obuah. Prominent public figures including the late Nigerian senator Ibiapuye Martyns-Yellowe and former governor and Committee Chair on State Creation Peter Odili are products of Rivers PDP.
George Bradley Kellogg
George Bradley Kellogg (November 6, 1826 – November 12, 1875) was a Vermont military and political figure who served as Adjutant General of the Vermont Militia and a Lieutenant Colonel in the 1st Vermont Cavalry during the American Civil War.

State adjutant general
Each state in the United States has a senior military officer, as the state adjutant general, who is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, including the National Guard residing within the state, the state's naval militia, and any state defense forces. This officer is known as TAG (The Adjutant General), and is subordinated to the chief executive (generally the state's governor). They do not have authority over police forces, only military forces.
Berlinia
Berlinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 21 species of trees native to sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Guinea to Chad, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Angola. All species of Berlinia have "explosive" pods, casting the seeds, in the case of the recently discovered Berlinia korupensis, up to 50 metres away.

Species of Berlina grow in the Guineo–Congolian forest of equatorial western and central Africa, and in the transitional forest–savanna mosaic belts north and south of the forest region.

Fossil pollen attributable to the genus is known from the Eocene (Ypresian) of Africa.

Guineo-Congolian region
The Guineo-Congolian region is a biogeographical region in Africa straddling the Equator and stretching from the Atlantic Ocean through the Congo Basin to the Congo / Nile divide in Rwanda and Burundi. Formerly, this region was largely covered in rain forest, on both well-drained sites and in swamp forests, but little undisturbed primary forest now remains, having been replaced in many areas by savanna and secondary-growth forest.
Pudu, Kuala Lumpur
Pudu is a ward of Kuala Lumpur located along the Federal Route 1 Pudu Road (Malay: Jalan Pudu). It houses Pudu Sentral (Kuala Lumpur's oldest bus station) and formerly Pudu Prison. Pudu Market (Malay: Pasar Besar Pudu) is one of the largest wet markets in Kuala Lumpur. Adjacent to it is Jalan Pasar (Pasar Road) where there are shops selling electronics components and devices.

During colonial rule, Pudu was known as Pudoh.

Pudu is sandwiched between Bukit Bintang, Maluri and Cheras.

The Bukit Bintang City Centre development is located at the border of Pudu and Bukit Bintang right beside of the Hang Tuah LRT and monorail station.

The Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line Pudu LRT station's sign was used in the movie Entrapment, although it was the Bukit Jalil LRT station that was used as the filming location.

Pudu Sentral
The Pudu Sentral (formerly Puduraya Terminal (Malay: Hentian Puduraya)) is the main local service bus terminus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was opened on 2 October 1976.

Long-distance buses no longer arrive and leave from Pudu Sentral with these instead moved to Terminal Bersepadu Selatan near Bandar Tasik Selatan station. Pudu Sentral thus lost half of the bus volume to the Bandar Tasik Selatan Integrated Transport Terminal.
Network of African Science Academies
The Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) was formed in December 2001 as an independent forum for African science academies to discuss scientific issues of common concern.

Member academies are:

African Academy of Sciences

Cameroon Academy of Sciences

Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences

Kenya National Academy of Sciences

Madagascar's National Academy of Arts, Letters and Sciences

Nigerian Academy of Science

l'Académie des Sciences et Techniques du Sénégal

Academy of Science of South Africa

Sudan Academy of Sciences

Tanzania Academy of Sciences

Uganda National Academy of Sciences

Zambia Academy of Sciences

Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences

Academy of Science of South Africa
The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) is the national science academy in South Africa. It was started in 1996, and encompasses all fields of scientific work. Its legal foundation is the Academy of Science of South Africa Act, Act 67 of 2001, which came into operation in May 2002.

The ASSAf was inaugurated in March 1996 by the former President of South Africa and patron of the academy, Nelson Mandela.

In 2021, the academy had 632 members.
All India DanceSport Federation
The All India DanceSport Federation (AIDSF) is the national sports federation for dancesport in India.

The AIDSF was founded in 2003. It is a full member of the World DanceSport Federation, and has been affiliated to the body since 20 June 2007. However, the AIDSF is not recognized by the Indian Olympic Association.

Dancesport
Dancesport (also stylized as DanceSport) is competitive dancing, as contrasted with social or exhibition dancing. The term dancesport encompasses many dance disciplines (e.g., Acrobatic Rock'n'Roll, Boogie Woogie, Breaking, Hip Hop, and Ballroom). Most dancesport disciplines are competed by couples, but there are solo styles (e.g., Breaking) and group styles (e.g., Formation dance). In the case of Para dancesport, at least one of the dancers is in a wheelchair.

Dancesport events are sanctioned and regulated by dancesport organizations at the national and international level, such as (for Ballroom dance) the World DanceSport Federation, the World Dance Council, and the World Dance Organization.

The name was invented to help competitive ballroom dancing gain Olympic recognition. The physical demand of dancesport has been the subject of scientific research.
Coristine, Ontario
Coristine is an unincorporated place and former railway point in geographic Pentland Township in the Unorganized South Part of Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Coristine is located within Algonquin Provincial Park on Kioshkokwi Lake on the Amable du Fond River, on the right bank of the outlet of that river from the lake and opposite the settlement of Kiosk.

It lies on the now abandoned Canadian National Railway Alderdale Subdivision, a section of track that was originally constructed as the Canadian Northern Railway main line, between Kilrush to the west and Kiosk to the east.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Regalia of Serbia
The Royal Crown of Serbia (Serbian: Српска краљевска круна, romanized: Srpska kraljevska kruna) is a royal regalia that existed during the Serbian monarchy.

Serbia, like most former monarchies in Europe, has had crowns once worn by its rulers. The various Serbian principalities and kingdoms were organised around a number of different royal dynasties. Many of these invested in symbols of royalty which has led to a number of distinctive crowns, jewels and other treasures of incredible wealth surviving to the present day.

Regalia
Regalia (/rəˈɡeɪliə, -ˈɡeɪljə/ rə-GAY-lee-ə, -⁠GAYL-yə) is the set of emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royal status, as well as rights, prerogatives and privileges enjoyed by a sovereign, regardless of title. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and accessories of a sovereign, but now it also refers to any type of elaborate formal dress. The word stems from the Latin substantivation of the adjective regalis, "regal", itself from rex, "king". It is sometimes used in the singular, regale.
Ryan Van Bergen
Ryan Charles Van Bergen, sometimes (mis)spelled Ryan VanBergen, (born March 18, 1989) is an American former college football player who was a defensive end for the Michigan Wolverines. He signed as an undrafted free agent with the Carolina Panthers following the 2012 NFL draft but did not make the roster for the team.  As a fifth-year senior for the 2011 Wolverines, he was a preseason Hendricks Award watchlist candidate, and after posting at least two tackles for a loss (TFL)s in each of his final three 2011 Big Ten season games, he was recognized as a postseason honorable mention All-Big Ten Conference performer. He started at defensive tackle for the 2009 Wolverines before switching to defensive end in 2010. In 2011, he started at end, as well as tackle, and led the team in quarterback sacks and tackles for a loss. He was awarded the 2007 Detroit Athletic Club Michigan High School Male Athlete of the Year for his performances in football, basketball, and track and field.

High school basketball
High school basketball, also known as prep basketball, is the sport of basketball as played by high school teams in the United States and Canada.

Top high school athletes sometimes go on to play college basketball after graduating. Some players were drafted directly from high school to play professionally in the National Basketball Association, including future NBA stars Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, Tracy McGrady, and LeBron James.
Wim van der Kroft
Willem "Wim" Frederik van der Kroft (August 16, 1916 – March 21, 2001) was a Dutch canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics, in the 1948 Summer Olympics, and in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Haarlem and died in Den Helder.

In 1936 he won the bronze medal in the folding K-2 1000 metre competition with his partner Nicolaas Tates.

At the London Games 1948 he finished fifth in the K-1 1000 metre event.

Four years later he finished fourth in the K-1 1000 metre competition.

Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or 'Canadian'.

A few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing.  Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.
Hell's Kitchen Albania season 3
The third season of the Albanian competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen Albania premiered on October 2, 2020 on Top Channel. Renato Mekolli returned as host and head chef. Winner and Runner-up from season 2, Francesko Tuku and Visara Pirra became the sous chefs for the Red Team and Blue Team respectively.

On January 2, 2021, chef Renato announced Erkiada Konci as the winner; making her the first female contestant to win Hell's Kitchen Albania.

Top Channel
Top Channel (often abbreviated as TCH) is a national commercial television network based in Tirana, Albania, founded by Dritan Hoxha in 2001. It is part of the Top Media Group, one of the largest media conglomerates in Albania, which includes Top Albania Radio, Top Gold Radio, My Music Radio, daily newspaper Shqip, daily magazine Shqip Magazine, coffee producer Lori Caffe, Digitalb, Top News, VGA Studio, musicAL, Dritan Hoxha Media Foundation Imperial Cinemas and Top Channel Films.
Andre Winner
Andre Badi Winner (born 9 November 1981) is a Grenadian-born British mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom, reaching the final. Winner is also a member of Team Rough House.

Grenadians in the United Kingdom
Grenadians in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ethnic origins lie fully or partially in Grenada. 9,783 Grenadian-born people were recorded by the 2001 UK Census.
Lost Children (1956 film)
Lost Children (Czech: Ztracenci) is a 1956 Czechoslovak historical drama anti-war film directed by Miloš Makovec and based on Jiří Brdečka's adaptation of a short story by Alois Jirásek. The film was screened in the main competition section of the 1957 Cannes Film Festival.

1957 Cannes Film Festival
The 10th Cannes Film Festival took place from 2 to 17 May 1957. French writer André Maurois served as jury president for the main competition, while Dolores del Río was the first female member of the jury for the official selection.

The Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, was awarded to Friendly Persuasion by William Wyler.

The festival opened with Around the World in 80 Days by Michael Anderson.
Catherine Fox
Catherine Mai-Lan Fox, born December 15, 1977, in Detroit, Michigan, is an American former swimmer who competed for Stanford University, and won two gold medals swimming freestyle at the 1996 Summer Olympics, one in the 4x100 freestyle relay and one in the 4x100 medley relay.

She is of Vietnamese and European descent.  Her father, Thomas C. Fox (editor and former publisher of the National Catholic Reporter), worked in Vietnam for International Voluntary Services from 1966 to 1968, where he met Catherine's mother, To Kim Hoa, a social worker in Can Tho who married Fox in South Vietnam on January 16, 1971.  The family moved to Detroit to work for the Detroit Free Press in 1972 where Catherine was born, before later moving to Washington D.C. in 1978 to work for the Washington Star.  The family moved to Kansas City in 1980.  Catherine would become the first U.S. Olympic swimmer of Vietnamese-American heritage.

National Catholic Reporter
The National Catholic Reporter (NCR) is a national newspaper in the United States that reports on issues related to the Catholic Church. Based in Kansas City, Missouri, NCR was founded by Robert Hoyt in 1964. Hoyt wanted to bring the professional standards of secular news reporting to the press that covers Catholic news, saying that "if the mayor of a city owned its only newspaper, its citizens will not learn what they need and deserve to know about its affairs". The publication, which operates outside the authority of the Catholic Church, is independently owned and governed by a lay board of directors.
Point No Point Light (Washington)
Point No Point Light is an operational aid to navigation on the northeastern tip of the Kitsap Peninsula on the west side of Puget Sound, at Point No Point where Admiralty Inlet joins Puget Sound, near the small community of Hansville, Kitsap County, in the U.S. state of Washington. Point No Point Light is considered the oldest lighthouse on Puget Sound and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Admiralty Inlet
Admiralty Inlet is a strait in the U.S. state of Washington connecting the eastern end of the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Puget Sound. It lies between Whidbey Island and the northeastern part of the Olympic Peninsula.
Moreton Bay Central Sports Complex
Moreton Bay Central Sports Complex is a sports field complex in Burpengary, a suburb of the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, primarily for both Australian rules football and soccer. It was built and opened in 2013 and are managed by Caboolture Sports Football Club, Moreton Bay Australian Football Club and AFL Queensland's Northern Brisbane Academy Programs. It is the home ground for Caboolture Sports Football Club, playing within Football Queensland competitions, and also the home ground for Moreton Bay in the Queensland Football Association Northern Conference. It was the primary home ground for the Brisbane Lions AFL Women's team from 2019 until the completion of Springfield Central Stadium in 2022.

Football Queensland
Football Queensland (FQ) is the governing body for soccer, futsal and beach soccer in the Australian state of Queensland.

Tracing its history back to the establishment of the Anglo-Queensland Football Association, in 1884, Football Queensland now has more than 250,000 participants and 308 clubs across the state.