hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 4729
NGC 4729 is an elliptical galaxy located about 160 million light-years away in the constellation Centaurus. NGC 4729 was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on June 8, 1834 and is a member of the Centaurus Cluster.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
María Mercedes Cuesta
María Mercedes Cuesta Concari (born 28 November 1973) is an Ecuadorian journalist and politician. She has worked in news programs in Gamavisión, Telesistema, TC Televisión, CRE, SíTV, Ecuavisa, and Teleamazonas. From 2017 to 2021, she served as a member of the National Assembly, which she was elected as part of Fuerza Ecuador, although she had separated from it in August 2019.

National Assembly (Ecuador)
The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional) is the unicameral legislature of Ecuador. It replaced the National Congress in 2009 following reforms under the 2008 Constitution. Within Ecuador, the National Assembly has the power to pass laws, while appointment of judges to the National Court of Justice is done by a separate Judicial Council.
Multi-Terrain Pattern
The Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP) is the standard camouflage pattern of the British Armed Forces. It is a modified version of Crye’s Multicam pattern using the same colour palette but with shapes that resemble the UK’s previous DPM pattern.

As part of the British Ministry of Defence's (MOD) Personal Equipment and Common Operational Clothing (PECOC) programme, three new camouflage patterns were considered for issue to British forces. These were a revised temperate Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) using lighter colours, a new three-colour desert pattern with enhanced utility for night-time operations, and a hybrid four colour scheme using two colours from each of the previous patterns for use on webbing in all terrains.

Royal Bermuda Regiment
The Royal Bermuda Regiment (RBR) is the home defence unit of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is a single territorial infantry battalion that was formed on the amalgamation in 1965 of two originally voluntary units, the mostly black Bermuda Militia Artillery (BMA) and the almost entirely white Bermuda Rifles (titled the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC) until 1949), and the only remaining component of the Bermuda Garrison since the 1957 withdrawal of regular units and detachments from Bermuda.
Cathedral Peak (Pitkin County, Colorado)
Cathedral Peak is a high mountain summit in the Elk Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 13,950-foot (4,252 m) thirteener is located in the Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness of White River National Forest, 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south by west (bearing 186°) of the City of Aspen in Piktin County, Colorado, United States.

Pitkin County, Colorado
Pitkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,358. The county seat and largest city is Aspen. The county is named for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin. Pitkin County is included in the Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Edwards-Glenwood Springs Combined Statistical Area.
Richard Müller (chemist)
Richard Gustav Müller (17 July 1903 – 7 July 1999) was a German chemist. He and Eugene G. Rochow independently discovered the direct process of  organosilicon compounds in 1941. That synthesis, also known as the Müller-Rochow process is the copper-catalysed reaction of chloromethane with silicon. Müller was awarded the National Prize of East Germany in 1952 for his work.

Chloromethane
Chloromethane, also called methyl chloride, Refrigerant-40, R-40 or HCC 40, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3Cl. One of the haloalkanes, it is a colorless, sweet-smelling, flammable gas. Methyl chloride is a crucial reagent in industrial chemistry, although it is rarely present in consumer products, and was formerly utilized as a refrigerant.  Most chloromethane is biogenic.
Maxim DL
MaxIm DL is a software package developed by Diffraction Limited and sold under the Cyanogen Imaging brand.  It is used for acquisition, processing, and analysis of astronomical imaging. It contains tools to process and analyze data from imaging array detectors such as CCDs and CMOS Imagers.

It is available for Windows 10 and later.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Frances Heron-Maxwell
Frances Heron-Maxwell MBE (1863 – 1955) was an English suffragist and sportswoman. She served as president of the All England Women’s Hockey Association and as the inaugural chairman of the Women’s Cricket Association, meaning that she oversaw the first ever international women's Test series. She belonged to, and founded, several groups campaigning for women's suffrage and dress reform, and she received an MBE for her work with the West Kent Women's War Agricultural Committee in World War I. She also held leadership positions in the Women's Institute and, in World War II, the Women's Land Army.

Women's Institute
The Women's Institute (WI) is a community-based organization for women in Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa and New Zealand. The movement was founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada, by Erland and Janet Lee with Adelaide Hoodless being the first speaker in 1897. It was based on the British concept of Women's Guilds, created by Rev. Archibald Charteris in 1887 and originally confined to the Church of Scotland. From Canada, the organization spread back to Britain, throughout the British Empire and Commonwealth, and to other countries. Many WIs belong to the Associated Country Women of the World organization.
NGC 744
NGC 744 (also known as C 0155+552) is a small open cluster located in the Perseus constellation containing approximately 140 stars. It was discovered by 19th century English astronomer John Herschel on 28 November 1831. NGC 744 has a visual magnitude of 7.9 and is visible with the help of a telescope having an aperture of 1.50 inches (40mm) or more, and is moving towards the Sun with a radial velocity of -25.47 km/s±0.15. It is located approximately 4478.13 light years, (1373 pc), from the Earth.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Segers
Segers is a Dutch patronymic surname. The mostly archaic Dutch given names Seger, Segher, Sieger and Zegher derive from Germanic Sigi- and -her, meaning "victorious lord". People with the surname Segers include

Carlos Segers (1900–1967), Argentine astronomer

Geno Segers (born 1978), American actor

Gert-Jan Segers (born 1969), Dutch political scientist and politician

Gunter Segers (born 1968), Belgian children's book author and illustrator

Gustaaf Segers (1848–1930), Belgian writer and scholar

Hans Segers (born 1961), Dutch goalkeeper

Hercules Segers (1589–1638), Dutch painter and printmaker

Jules Segers (born 2002), French para-alpine skier

Jan Segers (born 1929), Belgian composer, conductor and reed player

Noël Segers (born 1959), Belgian racing cyclist

Paul Segers (1870–1946), Belgian government minister

Paul-Willem Segers (1900–1983), Belgian government minister

Willy Segers (born 1958), Belgian politician

Hans Segers
Johannes "Hans" Segers (born 30 October 1961) is a Dutch football coach and former professional player who played as a goalkeeper.

As a player, he notably spent eight years with Wimbledon where he featured in the Premier League. He also played in England's top flight for Nottingham Forest and Tottenham Hotspur. He had spells in his native the Netherlands with PSV Eindhoven and in Scotland with Dunfermline Athletic, and in the Football League with Sheffield United, Stoke City, Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Callie Furnace
Callie Furnace is a historic iron furnace located near Glen Wilton, Botetourt County, Virginia. It was built as a hot-blast charcoal furnace around 1873–1874, and subsequently enlarged and converted into a coke furnace. In 1883, the stack was raised an additional five feet, and a tuyere was added. Callie Furnace went out of blast in 1884.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Bloomery
A bloomery is a type of metallurgical furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides.  The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable of smelting iron.  Bloomeries produce a porous mass of iron and slag called a bloom.  The mix of slag and iron in the bloom, termed sponge iron, is usually consolidated and further forged into wrought iron. Blast furnaces, which produce pig iron, have largely superseded bloomeries.
Luigi and Aurora Pagani House
The Luigi and Aurora Pagani House is a historic house in Black Diamond, Washington built circa 1896. It is named for Italian immigrants Luigi and Aurora (née Regali) Pagani, who leased and later owned the home, after they settled in Black Diamond where Luigi worked as a coal miner. Constructed by the Black Diamond Coal Mining Company on land acquired by the Homestead Act, the home is an example of vernacular architecture and features a one-story, side-gabled roof.

After immigrating from Italy in 1909, the couple raised two daughters in Black Diamond; Katie and Louisa. Luigi was killed in a mining accident in 1912 and Aurora lived in the home until her death in 1971. They are both buried in the nearby Black Diamond Cemetery.

In 2001 the house was designated as a Black Diamond Landmark by the King County Historic Preservation Program. The property has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2002.

The home is privately owned and not open to the public.

Black Diamond, Washington
Black Diamond is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 4,697 at the 2020 census. In 2023, with a 40.6% growth rate, Black Diamond was the fastest growing small city in King County.
Leo Esaki
Leo Esaki (born March 12, 1925) is a Japanese solid-state physicist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ivar Giaever and Brian Josephson for his work on tunneling in semiconductors, which led to his invention of the tunnel diode that exploits this phenomenon. His research was done when he was with Sony. He has also contributed in being a pioneer of semiconductor superlattices.

Solid-state physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.
Figure skating at the 2011 Asian Winter Games
Figure skating was featured as part of the 2011 Asian Winter Games at the Saryarka Velodrome in Astana, Kazakhstan. Events were held on between the third and fifth of February 2011. Skaters competed in four disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dance.

Saryarka Velodrome
The Saryarka Velodrome (Kazakh: Сарыарқа велотрегі, Saryarqa velotregi; Russian: Велотрек Сарыарка, romanized: Velotrek Saryarka) is an indoor cycle-racing track or velodrome that is located in Astana, Kazakhstan.
Battle of Kampinos Forest
The Battle of Kampinos Forest was in fact a series of skirmishes and battles fought in the forests around Kampinos during the Invasion of Poland of 1939, between the Polish Army and the German Wehrmacht.

By 16 September, the remnants of the Polish Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade, the Podolska Cavalry Brigade, and the 15th and 25th Infantry Divisions, broke out of the Bzura Pocket into the Kampinos Forest.: 67   They were withdrawing through the large forest complex towards Warsaw and the Modlin Fortress.

The route was adopted by the  Pomorze Army, under Gen. Władysław Bortnowski, the Poznań Army, under Gen. Tadeusz Kutrzeba. At the same time the German Wehrmacht tried to cut the Polish forces out by assaulting the forests both from the north and from the south.

Greater Poland Cavalry Brigade
Greater Poland Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Wielkopolska Brygada Kawalerii) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It was created on April 1, 1937 out of the Cavalry Brigade "Poznań". Its headquarters were stationed in Poznań and the brigade consisted of these units:

16th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment

15th Poznań Uhlans Regiment, stationed in Poznań,

17th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment of King Bolesław Chrobry, stationed in Leszno

7th Greater Poland Mounted Rifles Regiment, stationed in Biedrusko,

7th Greater Poland Mounted Artillery Regiment, stationed in Poznań,

3rd Squadron of Pioneers, stationed in Poznań,

7th Squadron of Communications, stationed in Poznań.
Lander Bearcats
The Lander Bearcats are the athletic teams that represent Lander University, located in Greenwood, South Carolina, in intercollegiate sports at the Division II ranks of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Peach Belt Conference (PBC) for 14 of their current varsity sports since the 1990–91 academic year.

The Bearcats have won 26 PBC Tournament championships while winning or sharing 36 regular-season titles.

Women's lacrosse plays in the Gulf South Conference, while men's rugby is part of the Southern Rugby Conference. The acrobatics & tumbling and wrestling teams compete in Conference Carolinas and the field hockey program is part of South Atlantic Conference.

Lander's major rival is Erskine, a fellow NCAA Division II institution whose campus is located 19 miles (31 km) away. Within the Peach Belt, Lander enjoys a rivalry with USC Aiken, the PBC member closest in proximity.

Greenwood, South Carolina
Greenwood is a city in and the county seat of Greenwood County, South Carolina. The population in the 2020 United States Census was 22,545 down from 23,222 at the 2010 census. The city is home to Lander University.
Synfire chain
A synfire chain (synchronous firing chain) is a feed-forward network of neurons with multiple layers or pools. In a synfire chain, neural impulses propagate synchronously back and forth from layer to layer. Each neuron in one layer feeds excitatory connections to neurons in the next, while each neuron in the receiving layer is excited by neurons in the previous layer.

Feedforward neural network
A feedforward neural network is an artificial neural network in which information flows in a single direction – inputs are multiplied by weights to obtain outputs (inputs-to-output). It contrasts with a recurrent neural network, in which loops allow information from later processing stages to feed back to earlier stages. Feedforward multiplication is essential for backpropagation, because feedback, where the outputs feed back to the very same inputs and modify them, forms an infinite loop which is not possible to differentiate through backpropagation. This nomenclature appears to be a point of confusion between some computer scientists and scientists in other fields studying brain networks.
Saskatchewan Highway 355
Highway 355 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the Sturgeon Lake First Nation, where it transitions into Highway 788, to Highway 55 (Northern Woods and Water Route) at Meath Park. It is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) long.

Highway 355 passes near the town of Albertville and passes through the communities of Henribourg, Spruce Home at its intersection with the CanAm Highway (Highway 2), and Alingly.

Numbered highways in Canada
Numbered highways in Canada are split by province, and a majority are maintained by their province or territory transportation department. With few exceptions, all highways in Canada are numbered. Nonetheless, every province has a number of highways that are better known locally by their name rather than their number. Some highways have additional letters added to their number: A is typically an alternate route, B is typically a business route, and other letters are used for bypass (truck) routes, connector routes, scenic routes, and spur routes. The territory of Nunavut has no highways.
Ratna Chatterjee
Ratna Chatterjee (born 1972) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. She is a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Behala Purba Assembly constituency in South 24 Parganas district. She won the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress party.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
Southern Renaissance
The Southern Renaissance (also known as Southern Renascence) was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of writers such as William Faulkner, Thomas Wolfe, Caroline Gordon, Margaret Mitchell, Katherine Anne Porter, Erskine Caldwell, Allen Tate, Tennessee Williams, Robert Penn Warren, and Zora Neale Hurston, among others.

Erskine Caldwell
Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 – April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States, in novels such as Tobacco Road (1932) and God's Little Acre (1933), won him critical acclaim.

With cumulative sales of 10 million and 14 million copies, respectively, Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre rank as two of the best-selling American novels of all-time, with the former being adapted into a 1933 play that set a Broadway record for consecutive performances, since surpassed.
Charles Toole (cricketer)
Charles Laurence Toole (born 9 January 1939) is an English former first-class cricketer.

A club cricketer for Finchley Cricket Club, Toole was selected to play in a first-class cricket match for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) on their tour of Scotland in 1967, playing against Scotland at Glasgow. Batting twice in the match, he was run out in the MCC first innings for 24 runs, while in their second innings he made 54 runs before being dismissed by Jimmy Allan. He took one wicket in the match with his right-arm medium-fast bowling, that of Douglas Barr in the Scottish second innings. He has served in an administrative capacity with Finchley Cricket Club as an honorary vice president of the club.

Douglas Barr (cricketer)
Douglas Barr (born 1 February 1935) is a former Scottish first class cricketer and a member of Cricket Scotland's Hall of Fame.

A fast bowler, Barr once took 10 for 24 when playing with Melville College. His 88 first class wickets for Scotland is second only to Jimmy Allan.
Stephen Bourke
Stephen Bourke is an Australian archaeologist of the ancient Near East. He obtained his Ph.D. from University College London in 1992, and is an Honorary Fellow of the Council for British Research in the Levant.

Bourke has led the ongoing University of Sydney excavations at Pella in Jordan since 1992. Previously, Bourke also directed the university's excavations at Teleilat el Ghassul.

Council for British Research in the Levant
The Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL) is a non-profit organisation that promotes humanities and social science research in the Levant. It consists of two research institutes, the Kenyon Institute in Jerusalem and the British Institute in Amman (BIA) in Amman, Jordan.
SS Mormacwren
Three ships of Moore-McCormack have borne the name Mormacwren

MS Mormacwren was launched in 1939 as a diesel powered Type C2 ship. She was acquired by the US Navy in 1941 as an Arcturus-class attack cargo ship and renamed USS Algorab. She was decommissioned in 1946 and sold into civilian service in 1947 as the Kamran. She was renamed Mongola in 1948, Hellenic Sailor in 1954 and was scrapped in 1973.

SS Mormacwren was launched 22 May 1942 at the Consolidated Steel Corporation's Wilmington, California yard as a Type C1-B ship. She was completed as a troop transport and transferred to the United States Maritime Commission in 1946. She was scrapped in 1965.

SS Mormacwren was launched in 1944 as a Type C2-S-B1 ship named Eagle Wing. She was purchased and renamed Mormacwren in 1947 and was sold in 1965 and renamed East Hills. She was scrapped in 1969.

Type C1 ship
Type C1 was a designation for cargo ships built for the United States Maritime Commission before and during World War II. Total production was 493 ships built from 1940 to 1945. The first C1 types were the smallest of the three original Maritime Commission designs, meant for shorter routes where high speed and capacity were less important.  Only a handful were delivered prior to Pearl Harbor. But many C1-A and C1-B ships were already in the works and were delivered during 1942. Many were converted to military purposes including troop transports during the war.

The Type C1-M ship was a separate design, for a significantly smaller and shallower draft vessel. This design evolved as an answer to the projected needs for military transport and supply of the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II.

Type C1 ships under the control of the British Ministry of War Transport took an Empire name even if built with another name e.g. Cape Turner.