hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ranney Index
The Ranney Index, developed by political scientist J. Austin Ranney, quantifies the level of competition between the two major political parties within U.S. states. The index assigns a score ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates complete Republican control and 1 signifies complete Democratic control. A score of 0.5 represents perfect bipartisan competition.

Bipartisanship
Bipartisanship is a political situation, sometimes referred to as nonpartisanship and usually in the context of a two-party system (especially those of the United States and some other Western countries), in which opposing political parties find common ground through compromise. In multi-partisan electoral systems or in situations where multiple parties work together, it is called multipartisanship. Partisanship is the antonym, where an individual or political party adheres only to its interests without compromise.
Yevgeny Biryukov
Yevgeny Nikolayevich Biryukov (Russian: Евгений Николаевич Бирюков) (born 19 April 1986) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for Metallurg Magnitogorsk and Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Salavat Yulaev Ufa
Hockey Club Salavat Yulaev (Russian: Хоккейный клуб «Салават Юлаев», romanized: Hokkejnyj klub «Salavat Julajev»; Bashkir: «Салауат Юлаев» хоккей клубы, romanized: «Salawat Yulayev» xokkey klubı), commonly referred as Salavat Yulaev Ufa, is a professional ice hockey club based in Ufa, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Established in 1957, Salavat Yulaev spent the Soviet era mainly in the lower divisions, only appearing in the top league for five seasons, though since the dissolution of the Soviet Union they have been in the top league in Russia.

They have won the Gagarin Cup as the KHL champion once, in 2011, and have won the regular season championship twice, in 2009 and 2010, winning the inaugural Continental Cup for the latter. They also won the final Russian Superleague title, in 2008.
Aleksi Kiviaho
Aleksi Kiviaho (17 September 1913, Evijärvi - 1 July 1986) was a Finnish smallholder and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1954 to 1970, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL).

Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholder farms are often defined as those operating on less than two hectares of land.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that there are roughly 500 million smallholder farms – those covering less than two hectares – which account for about 85 percent of all farms globally but manage only around 9 percent of the world’s agricultural land.
Elena Blasco
Elena Blasco (born 1950) is a Spanish multidisciplinary artist who works in photography, painting, and installations. With a subjective and ironic view, she recreates everyday objects and settings to build a personal and unique identity into her works, in some cases referring to gender violence and social injustice.

Gender-related violence
Gender-related violence or gender-based violence (GBV) refers to any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification, culture may have a role to play, being lower in egalitarianism societies and higher, sexist (misogynistic and misandrist) societies.

In ancient text are mentioned many acts of violence against other people, particularly towards women due the fact that were seen as weaker and less defensive members of the societies, and due the lack of a legislation that protect them against harm doers.
James Crichton of Frendraught
James Crichton of Frendraught or Frendraucht (1599-1667) was a Scottish landowner and survivor of the Fire of Frendraught in October 1630. Several of his guests were killed at Frendraught Castle and arson was suspected, though the facts of the case were widely disputed and remain unresolved.

Aberchirder
Aberchirder (pronounced ‘Aberhirder’; Scots: Fogieloan, Scottish Gaelic: Obar Chiardair), known locally as Foggieloan or Foggie, is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, situated on the A97 road six miles west of Turriff.
ITU-T Study Group 13
The ITU-T Study Group 13 (SG13) is a statutory group of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) concerned with future networks and emerging network technologies, infrastructure and cloud computing, including the networking aspects of mobile telecommunications. Examples include: Y.1564, Y.1731, etc.. Recent work includes a series of standards on using machine learning in networking, such as Y.3172, Y.3173, Y.3176, and Y.3181.

Administratively, SG13 is a statutory meeting of the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which creates the ITU-T Study Groups and appoints their management teams. The secretariat is provided by the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (under Director Seizo Onoe).

Y.3176
Y.3176 is an ITU-T Recommendation, building upon Y.3172 and Y.3173, specifying a  framework for evaluation intelligence levels of future networks such as 5G (IMT-2020).

This Recommendation provides high-level requirements and the architecture for integrating ML marketplaces in future networks including IMT-2020. Based on these requirements, the architecture for the integration of ML marketplaces is described taking into account the architectural framework in Y.3172 as a basis.

Keywords
architecture, federation, future networks, IMT-2020, life-cycle, machine learning, management, marketplace, model, network functions, requirements
Tudor Creek
Tudor Creek is one of two main water bodies separating Mombasa Island (and the city of Mombasa) from the Kenyan mainland (the other body being Kilindini Harbour).

Before the estuary into the Indian Ocean, the tidal creek passes under the Nyali Bridge, and is bordered to the west by the Makupa Causeway.

The source of the river that becomes the creek is near the town of Mariakani, approximately 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Mombasa.

Tidal creek
A tidal creek or tidal channel is a narrow inlet or estuary that is affected by the ebb and flow of ocean tides. Thus, it has variable salinity and electrical conductivity over the tidal cycle, and flushes salts from inland soils. Tidal creeks are characterized by slow water velocity, resulting in buildup of fine, organic sediment in wetlands. Creeks may often be a dry to muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but with significant depth of water at high tide. Due to the temporal variability of water quality parameters within the tidally influenced zone, there are unique biota associated with tidal creeks which are often specialised to such zones. Nutrients and organic matter are delivered downstream to habitats normally lacking these, while the creeks also provide access to inland habitat for salt-water organisms.
NUR E 75
The JaXari NUR-E 75 is a locally-produced Pakistani electric city car, first unveiled at Karachi on 15 August 2022 for Pakistan's diamond jubilee. It is designed by the DICE (Distinguished Innovation, Collaboration & Entrepreneurship) Foundation, a Detroit-headquartered non-profit organization consisting of expatriate Pakistanis from worldwide locations such as the US and EU which provides engineering services to Pakistani organizations. The JaXari brand is named after 12th-century engineer and scientist Ismael al-Jazari.

Ismail al-Jazari
Badīʿ az-Zaman Abu l-ʿIzz ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ar-Razāz al-Jazarī (1136–1206, Arabic: بَدِيعُ الزَّمانِ أَبُو العِزِّ بْنُ إسْماعِيلَ بْنِ الرَّزَّازِ الجَزَرِيّ, [ældʒæzæriː]) was a polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan and artist from the Artuqid Dynasty of Jazira in Mesopotamia. He is best known for writing The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (Arabic: كتاب في معرفة الحيل الهندسية, romanized: Kitab fi ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiya, lit. 'Book in knowledge of engineering tricks', also known as Automata) in 1206, where he described 50 mechanical devices, along with instructions on how to construct them. One of his more famous inventions is the elephant clock. He has been described as the "father of robotics" and modern day engineering.
Cagna
Cagna is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Achille Giovanni Cagna (1847–1931), Italian writer

Diego Cagna (born 1970), Argentine football coach

Mario Cagna (1911–1986), Italian prelate

Stefano Cagna (1901–1940), Italian aviator

Mario Cagna
Mario Cagna (8 October 1911 – 4 April 1986) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who devoted his entire career to the Roman Curia and the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He became an archbishop in 1962 and served as an Apostolic Nuncio from 1962 until his death.
2008 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B
The 2008 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B was the fourth edition of the Division B of the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, the second-tier level of European Under-20 basketball. The city of Târgu Mureș, in Romania, hosted the tournament. Germany won their first title.

Germany and Belgium were promoted to Division A.

Belgium men's national basketball team
The Belgium men's national basketball team has represented Belgium in international basketball since 1928. The supervising body for the national team is Basketball Belgium.

Belgium has qualified for the EuroBasket 19 times throughout their history, achieving their best result at the event in 1947, where they finished in fourth place. Moreover, Belgium has competed at the Olympic Games on three occasions, in 1936, 1948, and 1952. However, Belgium is still in pursuit of making their first appearance at the FIBA World Cup.

The team is nicknamed and also represents itself as Belgian Lions.
Boris Valábik
Boris Valábik (born February 14, 1986) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey defenceman, retired police officer and currently a pundit, columnist, television presenter and television personality. Valábik was drafted in the first round, tenth overall, of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the Atlanta Thrashers and played 80 regular season games for the Thrashers.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Wartenberg (Swabian Jura)
Wartenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈvaʁtn̩bɛʁk] ⓘ) is a mountain of volcanic origin in the Hegau region  (Tuttlingen district) of southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The ruins of Wartenberg Castle rest on top of the mountain.

Tuttlingen (district)
Tuttlingen is a Landkreis (district) in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rottweil, Zollernalbkreis, Sigmaringen, Constance and Schwarzwald-Baar.
Voortrekker Monument
The Voortrekker Monument is located just south of Pretoria in South Africa. The granite structure is located on a hilltop, and was raised to commemorate the Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854. It was designed by the architect Gerard Moerdijk.

On 8 July 2011, the Voortrekker Monument was declared a National Heritage Site by the South African Heritage Resource Agency.

National heritage sites of South Africa
Section 27 of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) of South Africa provides for places of historic or cultural importance to be designated national heritage sites. This came into effect with the introduction of the Act on 1 April 2000, when all former national monuments declared by the former National Monuments Council and its predecessors became provincial heritage sites as provided for in Section 58 of the Act.

Both national and provincial heritage sites are protected under the terms of Section 27 of the NHRA, and a permit is required to work on them.  National heritage sites are declared and administered by the national heritage resources authority, SAHRA;  provincial heritage sites fall within the domain of the various provincial heritage resources authorities.

The SAHRA logo is used to mark national heritage sites.
2016 Individual Ice Racing World Championship
The 2016 FIM Ice Speedway Gladiators World Championship was the 2016 version of FIM Individual Ice Racing World Championship season. The world champion was determined by ten races hosted in five cities, Krasnogorsk, Almaty, Berlin, Assen and Inzell between 6 February and 20 March 2016.

Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast
Krasnogorsk (Russian: Красногорск, IPA: [krəsnɐˈgorsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnogorsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Moskva River, adjacent to the northwestern boundary of Moscow. It has a population of 187,634 (2021 census);
Robert Deaton
Robert Deaton is an American film and television producer and director. Since 2007, he has been the executive producer of the Country Music Association Awards on ABC and was the executive producer of the Billboard Music Awards on NBC from 2018 to 2022. He first came to prominence producing and directing predominately country music videos as creator and founder of the production company, Deaton-Flanigen Productions (DFP). The firm's clientele included acts like Martina McBride, Brooks & Dunn, Reba McEntire, and numerous others. Through DFP, Deaton also worked on the opening title sequence for Monday Night Football and has directed or produced various commercials and television specials. In recent years, Deaton has worked as a producer on several albums for acts like Michael W. Smith,  King Calaway, and Stone Cold Country, A 60th Anniversary Tribute to the Rolling Stones.

Where There's Smoke... (Gibson/Miller Band album)
Where There's Smoke... is the debut studio album by American country music group Gibson/Miller Band. It was released in 1993 via Epic Records. The album includes five singles: "Big Heart", "High Rollin'", "Texas Tattoo", "Small Price", and "Stone Cold Country". Except for "Small Price", these all charted within Top 40 on Hot Country Songs between 1992 and 1994.

The track "Where There's Smoke" was later recorded by Archer/Park on their 1994 album We Got a Lot in Common, and was a No. 29 single for them in 1994.
Military psychiatry
Military psychiatry covers special aspects of psychiatry and mental disorders within the military context.  The aim of military psychiatry is to keep as many serving personnel as possible fit for duty and to treat those disabled by psychiatric conditions. Military psychiatry encompasses counseling individuals and families on a variety of life issues, often from the standpoint of life strategy counseling, as well as counseling for mental health issues, substance abuse prevention and substance abuse treatment; and where called for, medical treatment for biologically based mental illness, among other elements.

A military psychiatrist is a psychiatrist—whether uniformed officer or civilian consultant—specializing in the treatment of military personnel and military family members suffering from mental disorders that occur within the statistical norm for any population, as well as those disorders consequent to warfare and also stresses associated with military life.

Military personnel
Military personnel or military service members are members of the state's armed forces. Their roles, pay, and obligations differ according to their military branch (army, navy, marines, coast guard, air force, and space force), rank (officer, non-commissioned officer, or enlisted recruit), and their military task when deployed on operations and on exercise.
Shadan Lund
Shadan Lund (Urdu: شادن لُنڈ) is a town in Dera Ghazi Khan city in Punjab, Pakistan. The town is adjacent to Taunsa District. People of this area mostly speak the Saraiki language. This town is situated near Taunsa Barrage 12 km from the Koh-e-Sulaiman mountain range. The village of Basti Azeem is located 7 km south of this city and the village of Ghuman is located 2 km south of the city.

Shadan Lund is also a union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Saraiki language
Saraiki ( سرائیکی, Sarā'īkī, [səɾaːiːkiː]; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is a Lahnda language variety within the Indo-Aryan language family. It is spoken by 28.84 million people, as per the 2023 Pakistani census, taking prevalence in Southern Punjab with remants in Northern Sindh and Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Saraiki has partial mutual intelligibility with Standard Punjabi, and it shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south.

Due to effects of dominant languages in Pakistani media like Urdu, Standard Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian, Saraiki like other regional varieties of Pakistan are continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loan words.
2023 Campeonato Capixaba
The 2023 Campeonato Capixaba (officially the Capixabão BANESTES 2023 for sponsorship reasons) was the 107th edition of Espírito Santo's top professional football league organized by FES. The competition started on January 19 and ended on April 22.

Banestes
Banestes (Banco do Estado do Espirito Santo) is a Brazilian state owned bank responsible for the public execution of loans for the state of Espírito Santo, it is one of the state's major instruments of economic development.

The bank was established in 1937, and has operations outside its home state and an office in São Paulo.  It is one of the few state banks that survived a wave of privatisation and mergers that occurred in the later part of the 20th century.
Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)
Sarfaraz Naushad Khan (born 22 October 1997) is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the national team in test cricket. He is an aggressive middle-order batsman, especially against spin bowling. He represents Mumbai in domestic cricket and Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League (IPL).

As a 15-year-old in 2012, he was mentioned in the prestigious Wisden Cricketers' Almanack along with his younger brother Musheer Khan. He made his IPL debut for Royal Challengers Bengaluru in the 2015 and was then the youngest player, at only 17 years and 177 days old, to play an IPL match. In the very next season, he was the only uncapped player to be retained by a franchise in the IPL. Sarfaraz was a member of the Indian U19 team that won the 2013–14 U19 Asia Cup and represented India in the U19 Cricket World Cup in 2014 and 2016.

Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.
NOTS-EV-2 Caleb
The NOTS-EV-2 Caleb, also known as NOTS-500, Hi-Hoe and SIP was an expendable launch system, which was later used as a sounding rocket and prototype anti-satellite weapon. It was developed by the United States Navy's Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) as a follow-up to the NOTS-EV-1 Pilot, which had been abandoned following ten launches officially classified as failed missions. Two were launched in July and October 1960, before the cancellation of the project. Following cancellation, two leftover Calebs were used in the Satellite Interceptor Program (SIP), while three more were used as sounding rockets, under the designation Hi-Hoe. These derivatives flew until July 1962, when the Hi-Hoe made its final flight.

Sounding rocket
A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket or a suborbital rocket, is an instrument-carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are often used to launch instruments from 50 to 150 km (30 to 90 mi) above the surface of the Earth, the altitude generally between weather balloons and satellites; the maximum altitude for balloons is about 40 km (25 mi), and the minimum for satellites is approximately 120 km (75 mi).

Due to their suborbital flight profile, sounding rockets are often much simpler than their counterparts built for orbital flight. Certain sounding rockets have an apogee between 1,000 and 1,500 km (600 and 900 mi), such as the Black Brant X and XII. Sounding rockets may be flown to altitudes as high as 3,000 km (2,000 mi) to allow observing times of around 40 minutes to provide geophysical observations of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere.
Teemu Turunen (ice hockey)
Teemu Turunen (born 24 November 1995 in Helsinki) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player currently under contract with Örebro HK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and the Finnish national team.

On 5 May 2021, Turunen left HC Davos of the National League and signed as a free agent to a one-year deal with Finnish-based, Jokerit then of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

He represented Finland at the 2021 IIHF World Championship.

Finland men's national ice hockey team
The Finnish men's national ice hockey team, nicknamed Leijonat / Lejonen ("The Lions" in Finnish and Swedish), is governed by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association. Finland is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in the world and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the United States, Czechia, Russia, and Sweden.

Finland won the world championship in 2022, their fourth title after 1995, 2011 and 2019. A duo of silver medals (1988, 2006) remained the country's best Olympic result until 2022 when the Finns won their first Olympic gold after defeating Russia. At the Canada/World Cup, their best achievement is a silver medal which they won in 2004.
Edwin C. Nevis
Edwin C. Nevis (May 20, 1926 – May 20, 2011) was an American gestalt therapist who identified Maslow's hierarchy of needs as culturally relative and formulated a hierarchy of needs for Chinese culture and a mode of classifying hierarchies of needs in different cultures. He co-founded the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland and founded the Gestalt International Study Center, and was a faculty member in management at the MIT Sloan School of Management.

MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management (branded as MIT Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

MIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, as well as executive education. Many influential ideas in management and finance originated at the school, including the Black–Scholes model, the random walk hypothesis, the binomial options pricing model, and the field of system dynamics. The faculty has included numerous Nobel laureates in economics and John Bates Clark Medal winners.