hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fountain Green massacre
The Fountain Green massacre was an incident in 1853 near Fountain Green, Utah when a group of Utes killed four Mormons. The next day, Mormons in nearby Nephi, Utah killed eight Goshutes who had no connection to the earlier killings.

The event is often classified as part of Wakara's War, a series of battles and skirmishes in the region from 1853 to 1854.

A Daughters of the Utah Pioneers monument (no. 172), located in City Park in Fountain Green, Utah, memorializes the event.

Wakara's War
Wakara's War, also known as Walker's War was a dispute between the Ute people and the Mormon settlers in Utah Valley and surrounding areas. This war is characterized as a string of disputes and skirmishes over property and the land from July 1853 to May 1854. This war was influenced by factors such as religious differences, the slave trade, and the division of the Salt Lake Valley.
Karsy, Jędrzejów County
Karsy [ˈkarsɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobków, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Sobków, 18 km (11 mi) east of Jędrzejów, and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

Sobków
Sobków [ˈsɔpkuf] is a town in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sobków. It lies in historic Lesser Poland, approximately 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Jędrzejów and 24 km (15 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The village is located on the left bank of the Nida river. Sobkow has a railway station, which is located three kilometers northwest of the village, along a main line from Kraków to Kielce.
Giorgos Grammatikakis
Giorgos Grammatikakis (Greek: Γιώργος Γραμματικάκης; 21 May 1939 – 25 October 2023) was a Greek physicist, writer, and the dean emeritus of the University of Crete. In 2014, he was elected as a member of the European Parliament (MEP).

University of Crete
The University of Crete (UoC; Greek: Πανεπιστήμιο Κρήτης) is a multi-disciplinary, research-oriented institution in Crete, Greece, located in the cities of Rethymno (official seat) and Heraklion.

There are 16 main undergraduate degree programmes corresponding to the university's departments and more than 30 master's programmes.

As of 2017, there is a student population of 16.000 registered undergraduates and 2.500 registered postgraduates, more than 500 Faculty members as well as approximately 420 administrative staff.
Pennsylvania Mock Trial Competition
The Pennsylvania Mock Trial Competition is a high school Mock Trial competition in Pennsylvania sponsored by the Pennsylvania Bar Association Young Lawyers Division. The winning school of the state finals advances to the National High School Mock Trial Championship. The Pennsylvania Mock Trial Competition first began in 1984. The case material is usually released early in November, within the first two weeks. Typically, 250 to 300 teams compete each year, making it one of the largest state competitions in the country. The Statewide Championship is held each year in late March at the Dauphin County Courthouse in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and consists of the top 12 to 16 teams in the state. As a result of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the 2020 Statewide Championship was cancelled and the entire 2021 and 2022 competition seasons were held virtually.

Mock trial
A mock trial is an act or imitation trial. It is similar to a moot court, but mock trials simulate lower-court trials, while moot court simulates appellate court hearings. Attorneys preparing for a real trial might use a mock trial consisting of volunteers as role players to test theories or experiment with each other.  Mock trial is also the name of an extracurricular program in which students participate in rehearsed trials to learn about the legal system in a competitive manner. Interscholastic mock trials take place on all levels including primary school, middle school, high school, college, and law school.  Mock trial is often taught in conjunction with a course in trial advocacy or takes place as an after school enrichment activity. Some gifted and talented programs may also take place in one.
Kalb el louz
Kalb el louz or qalb ellouz (Arabic: قلب اللوز) is a traditional semolina-based Algerian dessert.

Kelb el louz, which means "heart of almonds", is also known as chamia or h’rissa depending on the region. It is a traditional Algerian dessert. It is made with semolina, almonds, orange blossom and honey.

Orange blossom
The orange blossom is the fragrant flower of the Citrus sinensis (orange tree). It is used in perfume making and has been written about as an aphrodisiac. Orange blossom essence is an important component in the making of perfume. The petals of orange blossom can also be made into orange flower water (as an alternative to rose water), a common part of both French cuisine and Middle Eastern cuisine (most often as an ingredient in desserts and baked goods). It's also present in Hispanic culinary traditions, with notable examples being Mexican pan de muerto and Spanish Roscón de Reyes.

In the United States, orange flower water is often used to make orange blossom scones. The orange blossom is the state flower of Florida.

In Spain, the orange blossom lends its name to the Costa del Azahar ("Orange Blossom Coast"), the Castellon seaboard.  Fallen blossoms are dried and used to make tea.
Arabella Country Estate
Arabella Country Estate, known simply as Arabella, is a residential estate with a golf course and a 5 star hotel located near the coastal towns of Kleinmond and Hermanus in the Western Cape, South Africa . In 2014, the Peter Matkovich designed golf course was rated in the top-5 in the country by Golf Digest South Africa.

Arabella has hosted several professional golf tournaments, including the Nelson Mandela Invitational from 2000 to 2008. It has also been home to the Western Cape leg of the Vodacom Origins of Golf Tour, part of the Winter schedule of events on the Sunshine Tour.

Hermanus
Hermanus (Afrikaans: [ɦærˈmɑːnœs]; originally called Hermanuspietersfontein, but shortened in 1902 as the name was too long for the postal service), is a town on the southern coast of the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is known for Southern Right whale watching during the southern winter to spring seasons, and is a popular retirement location.
Pelham, North Carolina
Pelham is an unincorporated community in northwestern Caswell County, North Carolina at the North Carolina–Virginia border. Pelham is located along Pelham Loop Road near the eastern terminus of NC 700 at US 29 (future Interstate 785).

The community was named in honor of Confederate Col. John Pelham, known as "the Gallant Pelham" for his notable bravery. His parents, Dr. Atkinson and Martha Pelham (née McGehee), had previously resided in neighboring Person County before relocating to Alabama, where he was born.

Nearby communities, independent cities, and municipalities include Danville, Eden, Ruffin, Yanceyville, Purley, Reidsville and Casville.

Eden, North Carolina
Eden is a city in Rockingham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina and is part of the Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area of the Piedmont Triad region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,405. From the late nineteenth century through much of the 20th, the city was a center of textile mills and manufacturing. The city was incorporated in 1967 through the consolidation of three towns: Leaksville, Spray, and Draper.
Martić
Martić (pronounced [mâːrtitɕ]) is a Croatian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anđelka Martić (1924–2020), Croatian writer

Grga Martić (1822–1905), Croatian writer

Milan Martić (born 1954), Croatian politician

Pavao Martić (born 1940), Croatian rower

Petra Martić (born 1991), Croatian tennis player

Tonči Martić (born 1972), Croatian former footballer

Anđelka Martić
Anđelka Martić (1 May 1924 – 11 November 2020) was a Croatian writer and literary translator. She is best known for her children's war prose, especially for her novel Pirgo about a friendship of a boy and an orphan fawn in the whirlwind of the Second World War.
2008 IIHF World Championship Division III
The 2008 IIHF World Championship Division III consisted of two tournaments: the qualification tournament, which was held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 15 to 17 February 2008, and the main tournament, held in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg, from 31 March to 6 April 2008. Greece won the qualification tournament and qualified for the main tournament. North Korea and South Africa finished in the top two spots of the main tournament and were promoted to next year's Division II.

South Africa men's national ice hockey team
The South Africa national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of South Africa. The team is controlled by the South African Ice Hockey Federation and has been a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) since 25 February 1937. As of 27 May 2024, South Africa is currently ranked 47th in the IIHF World Ranking and competes in Division III of the IIHF World Championships. South Africa is the only African-based team that competes in IIHF tournaments.

The current crest on the team jersey consists of a rhino, with the previous one being the crest of the National Sports Council or various iterations of the national flag.
Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg
The women's 48 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 17.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.

Clean and jerk
The clean and jerk is a composite of two weightlifting movements, most often performed with a barbell: the clean and the jerk. During the clean, the lifter moves the barbell from the floor to a racked position across the deltoids, without resting fully on the clavicles. During the jerk, the lifter raises the barbell to a stationary position above the head, finishing with straight arms and legs, and the feet in the same plane as the torso and barbell.

Of the several variants of the lift, the most common is the Olympic clean and jerk, which, with the snatch, is included in Olympic weightlifting events. Clean and jerk is most commonly performed with a squat clean and a split jerk.
WJIB
WJIB (720 AM) is a radio station in Cambridge, Massachusetts, serving Greater Boston. Licensed to RCRQ, Inc.—a company owned by veteran broadcaster John Garabedian —the station plays a mix of soft oldies and adult standards from the 1950s through the 1990s. Although licensed as a commercial radio station, WJIB is commercial-free, with its operations funded by listener donations and occasional pledge drives.

By day, WJIB is powered at 5,000 watts non-directional. Because 720 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for WGN in Chicago, WJIB must reduce power at night to 189 watts, using a directional antenna, to avoid interference. The station's broadcast towers are off Commercial Street in Medford. Programming is also heard on FM translator W267CE at 101.3 MHz.

Medford, Massachusetts
Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border.
Georgy Kim (orientalist)
Georgy Fyodorovich Kim (Russian: Георгий Фёдорович Ким; November 11, 1924 – April 29, 1989) was Soviet orientalist, an expert in the History of Korea and liberation movements in Africa and Asia, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union since 1976.

He played an important role in the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and South Korea (the Primakov–Kim group). One of the outcomes of his work was the CPSU Central Committee’s decision for the USSR to participate in the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.

Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1985–1987).

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Deaths in June 1995
The following is a list of notable deaths in June 1995.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Gianni Ghidini
Gianni Ghidini  (21 May 1930 – 21 June 1995) was a road racing cyclist from Italy. He won the silver medal in the men's team road race, alongside Dino Bruni and Vincenzo Zucconelli. Italy's fourth rider Bruno Monti also crossed the line, but didn't receive a medal because just the first three counted for the final classification. He was a professional rider from 1953 to 1956.
AdventHealth Wauchula
Adventist Health System-Sunbelt Inc doing business as AdventHealth Wauchula, is a non-profit hospital in Wauchula, Florida, United States owned by AdventHealth. The medical facility is a critical access hospital and a statutory rural hospital. In 1988, the hospital received national attention after it was revealed that two babies were switched at birth there in 1978. In 2019, AdventHealth Wauchula received a bomb threat that forced it to evacuate.

Bomb threat
A bomb threat or bomb scare is a threat, usually verbal or written, to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage, death, injuries, and/or incite fear, whether or not such a device actually exists.
Girvan (Old) railway station
Girvan Old railway station was a terminus station opened in Girvan, in Carrick, South Ayrshire, Scotland by the Maybole and Girvan Railway. Although ambitions existed to extend the line through to Stranraer it was built on a site that would not permit this and so when the line was built the Girvan New station was opened on 5 October 1877 by the Girvan and Portpatrick Junction Railway on the route to Pinmore and eventually through to Stranraer railway station.

Water of Girvan
The Water of Girvan (or River Girvan) (Scottish Gaelic: Garbhan / Abhainn Gharbhain) is a river in South Ayrshire, which has its source at Loch Girvan Eye in the Carrick Forest section of Galloway Forest Park. This 28-mile (45-kilometre) river passes through the villages of Straiton, Crosshill and Dailly en route to the Firth of Clyde at Girvan Harbour.
Kurokawa Domain
Kurokawa Domain (黒川藩, Kurokawa-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.   It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Kurokawa Jin'ya, located in what is now part of the city of Tainai in Niigata Prefecture.

Kazoku
The Kazoku (華族, "Magnificent/Exalted lineage"; IPA: [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟]) was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. It was formed by merging the feudal lords (daimyō) and court nobles (kuge) into one system modelled after the British peerage. Distinguished military officers, politicians, and scholars were occasionally ennobled as (新華族, shin kazoku, 'the newly ennobled'), until the country's defeat in the Second World War in 1945. The system was abolished with the 1947 constitution, which prohibited any form of aristocracy under it, but kazoku descendants still form the core of the traditional upper class in the country's society, distinct from the nouveau riche.

Kazoku (華族) should not be confused with kazoku (家族), which is pronounced the same in Japanese, but written with a different first character, meaning "immediate family" (as in the film Kazoku above).
Shi Chuanyin
Shi Chuanyin (simplified Chinese: 释传印; traditional Chinese: 釋傳印; pinyin: Chuányìn; 30 January 1927 – 11 March 2023) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, Chan master and religious leader. He was best known as Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China.

Donglin Temple (Jiujiang)
Donglin Temple (simplified Chinese: 东林寺; traditional Chinese: 東林寺; pinyin: Dōnglín sì; lit. 'Eastern Forest Temple') is a Buddhist temple approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Jiujiang, in the north of Jiangxi province, China. Built in 386 CE at the foot of Mount Lu by Huiyuan, founder of the Pure Land Buddhism, it is well known for how long it has stood without collapsing.

In the Tang dynasty, Jianzhen made several trips to Japan for the mission of preaching Buddhism. As a result, Huiyuan and the doctrine of Donglin Temple began to spread in Japan. Donglin Temple made contributions to improve cultural exchanges and friendly visits between China and Nepal, India, Japan.

The monastery reached its peak of influence during the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), but was severely damaged during the Taiping Rebellion and was almost destroyed during the Republican period (1912–1949) of Chinese history.
Clyde Davenport
Clyde Thomas Davenport (October 21, 1921 – February 16, 2020) was an American old-time fiddler and banjo player from Monticello, Kentucky.

Davenport was a recipient of a 1992 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. He died in February 2020 at the age of 98.

Monticello, Kentucky
Monticello is a city in Wayne County, Kentucky, United States. It is the seat of its county. Its population was 5,753 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Monticello claims to be "the Houseboat Capital of the World", as numerous houseboat manufacturers operate in the city. The city is located along Lake Cumberland. Its economy is built on serving the recreational and tourist traffic to the lake.
City ham
City ham is a term used in some parts of the United States for any lightly cured and/or smoked ham which must be refrigerated to preserve it. It is generally "wet cured", that is injected with or soaked in a brine solution containing high concentrations of salts (including sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, and sodium nitrite). This is distinguished from country hams which are dry cured by being packed in crystalline curing salts and stored at room temperature. In parts of the U.S. where country ham is not consumed, city hams are often the only available hams and are just called ham.

City hams may be sold pre-cooked and "ready-to-eat", or simply cured and smoked, which must then be cooked before consuming. Many types of city ham are sliced as cold cuts in delicatessens and served as part of a ham bandwich.

Delicatessen
A delicatessen or deli is a grocery store that sells a selection of fine, exotic, or foreign prepared foods. Delicatessens originated in Germany (contemporary spelling: Delikatessen) during the 18th century and spread to Canada and the United States in the mid-19th century. European immigrants to Canada and the United States, especially Ashkenazi Jews, popularized the delicatessen in North American culture beginning in the late 19th century. Today, many large retail stores like supermarkets have deli sections.
Alf Davies
Alfred Davies (1896 or 1897 – 29 August 1951) was a Welsh trade unionist.

Born in Blaengarw in Glamorgan, Davies began working as a coal miner, and joined the South Wales Miners' Federation (SWMF).  He soon became secretary of the union's Caerau Ocean Lodge, and also of the combined lodges at mines owned by the Ocean Colliery Company.  In 1933, he was elected to the executive of the SWMF, then in 1946 was elected as the president of its successor, the South Wales Area of the National Union of Mineworkers.

For many years, Davies was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain.  He left the party in 1950, but did not make public his reasons for doing so.

By 1951, Davies was in poor health.  He attended a miners' conference in Luxembourg, where he was taken ill, and died less than a week later.

Caerau, Bridgend
Caerau is a former mining village in the community of Maesteg, Bridgend County Borough, Wales, located approximately 2 miles north of the centre of Maesteg town in the Llynfi Valley. Caerau, surrounded by mountainous terrain and forestry, is one of the border points between Bridgend County Borough and Neath Port Talbot County Borough, bordered to the north by Croeserw and Cymmer, Neath Port Talbot. Caerau borders Dyffryn and Spelter to the south in Nantyffyllon, Maesteg.
Gu Yanhui
Gu Yanhui (顧彥暉) (d. November 16, 897) was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty, who controlled Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan) from 891, when he succeeded his brother Gu Yanlang, to 897, when he, facing defeat against one-time ally Wang Jian, committed suicide with his family members.

New Book of Tang
The New Book of Tang, generally translated as the "New History of the Tang" or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters. The work was compiled by a team of scholars of the Song dynasty, led by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi.

It was originally simply called the Tangshu (唐書, Book of Tang) until the 18th century.
Mendel (name)
Mendel can be both a surname and given name.

As a family name, Mendel occurs in many cultures and languages and is of south German origin. It relates to similar names such as Mendl and Meindl.

As a given name Mendel is mostly a Yiddish variant and affectionate form of the Hebrew name Menachem מנחם‎ which means "comforter".

Notable people with the name include:

Meindl (surname)
Meindl is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Meindl (born 1968), American actor

Eugen Meindl (1892–1951), German general

James D. Meindl (1933–2020), American electrical engineer

Leonardo Meindl (born 1993), Brazilian basketball player
Turn Ahead the Clock
Turn Ahead the Clock was a promotion in Major League Baseball (MLB). It was originated by the Seattle Mariners marketing team in the 1998 season. During the 1999  season, all but eight teams elected to wear the promotional uniforms that were in a "future" style. The uniforms were widely criticized and the promotion proved unsuccessful.

1999 Major League Baseball season
The 1999 Major League Baseball season ended with the New York Yankees sweeping the Atlanta Braves in the World Series.

The previous record of most home runs hit in a season, set at 5,064 in 1998, was broken once again as the American League and National League combined to hit 5,528 home runs. Moreover, it was the first season in 49 years to feature a team that scored 1,000 runs in a season, as the Cleveland Indians led the Majors with 1,009 runs scored. Only 193 shutouts were recorded in 2,427 regular-season games. The 1999 season was the first season in which the two current New York City-area MLB teams, the Yankees and Mets, qualified for the playoffs together in the same season. The following season, both teams reached the World Series and the Yankees won four games to one.