hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Luis Corvalán
Luis Nicolás Corvalán Lepe (14 September 1916 – 21 July 2010) was a Chilean politician, teacher, and writer. He was the general secretary of the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh) for more than three decades and was twice elected to the Senate of Chile.

Corvalán was detained by the Government Junta following the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The USSR worked relentlessly for Corvalán's freedom, preparing plans for a military strike against Chile to rescue him, and orchestrating an international pressure campaign aimed at securing his parole. In 1976, the junta released Corvalán in exchange for the freedom of the Soviet dissident Vladimir Bukovsky, with the prisoner swap occurring in Switzerland. He later underwent plastic surgery to disguise his features before secretly returning to Chile to help organize opposition to the presidency of Augusto Pinochet.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
Valentin Nüssbaumer
Valentin Nüssbaumer (born 25 September 2000) is a Swiss professional ice hockey left winger who is currently playing with HC Davos of the National League (NL). Nüssbaumer was drafted 207th overall by the Arizona Coyotes in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft.

2019 NHL entry draft
The 2019 NHL entry draft was the 57th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 21–22, 2019, at Rogers Arena in Vancouver, British Columbia.

The first three selections were Jack Hughes by the New Jersey Devils, Kaapo Kakko by the New York Rangers, and Kirby Dach by the Chicago Blackhawks.

As of 2025 there are 75 active NHL players from this draft.
Lewes Victoria Hospital
Lewes Victoria Hospital is a health facility at Nevill Road in Lewes, East Sussex, England. It is managed by NHS Property Services with services operated principally by Sussex Community NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, and with parts of community medical cover provided by general practitioners from Foundry Healthcare Lewes, the local primary care network.

NHS Property Services
NHS Property Services Limited is a company owned by the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom that took over the ownership of around 3,600 National Health Service (NHS) facilities in April 2013.
Heideggerian terminology
Martin Heidegger, the 20th-century German philosopher, produced a large body of work that intended a profound change of direction for philosophy. Such was the depth of change that he found it necessary to introduce many neologisms, often connected to idiomatic words and phrases in the German language.

Hubert Dreyfus
Hubert Lederer Dreyfus (/ˈdraɪfəs/ DRY-fəs; October 15, 1929 – April 22, 2017) was an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. His main interests included phenomenology, existentialism and the philosophy of both psychology and literature, as well as the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence. He was widely known for his exegesis of Martin Heidegger, which critics labeled "Dreydegger".

Dreyfus was featured in Tao Ruspoli's film Being in the World (2010), and was among the philosophers interviewed by Bryan Magee for the BBC Television series The Great Philosophers (1987).

The Futurama character Professor Hubert Farnsworth is partly named after him, writer Eric Kaplan having been a former student.
Shilyagi
Shilyagi (Russian: Шиляги; Kaitag and Dargwa: Шилагьи) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Shilyaginsky Selsoviet, Kaytagsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 484 as of 2010. There are 19 streets.

Kaitag language
Kaitag (Kaitag: Хайдакьан кув [χɑjdɑqʼɑn kʰuβ]; also Kaidak, Karakaitak, Karkaidak, Qaidaqlan) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Dagestan, Russia. It has sometimes been considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa due to it being part of the Dargin dialect continuum. The Routledge Ethnographic Handbook (2017) divided Kaitag into two dialects: northern (Magalis-Kaitak) and southern (Karakaitak). Recent results of the Association of the Russian Sociolinguists (2021) further developed it into three dialects: Lower Kaitag, Upper Kaitag and Shari, the latter of which may be a separate but closely related language.
Ullrich Dießner
Ullrich Dießner (born 27 December 1954) is a retired German rower who had his best achievements in the coxed fours. In this event he won a silver and a gold medal at the 1976 and 1980 Olympics, respectively, as well as five world titles in 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1982. For his Olympic achievements Dießner was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1976 and 1980.

His twin brother Walter rowed together with Ullrich in most competitions until 1981. The brothers have different birth dates because Walter was born before midnight and Ullrich shortly thereafter.

Patriotic Order of Merit
The Patriotic Order of Merit (German: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden, or VVO) was a national award granted annually in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It was founded in 1954 and was awarded to individuals and institutions for outstanding contributions to the state and society in various areas of life.
Nick Hawk
Nick Hawk (born Nicholas Haas; September 3, 1981) is an American actor and reality television star best known as one of the stars of Gigolos; a reality TV show featured on Showtime which focuses on the lives of five male escorts in Las Vegas, Nevada. Nick has worked on various other projects including several rap albums and music videos. He has authored multiple books and written or been featured in several different magazines. Hawk is also an accomplished martial artist with a black belt in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu.

Jujutsu
Jujutsu (柔術, jūjutsu; Japanese pronunciation: [dʑɯːʑɯtsɯ] or [dʑɯꜜːʑɯtsɯ] ⓘ), also known as jiu-jitsu or ju-jitsu (both /dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː/ joo-JITS-oo), is a Japanese martial art and a system of close combat that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner.  A subset of techniques from certain styles that jujutsu were used to develop many modern martial arts and combat sports, such as judo, aikido, sambo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, ARB, and mixed martial arts.
Federal Public Service Justice
The FPS Justice (Dutch: FOD Justitie, French: SPF Justice, German: FÖD Justiz), formerly the Ministry of Justice, is a federal public service of Belgium. It was created by royal order on 23 May 2001, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government (1999–2003) to modernise the federal administration. The transformation from a ministry into a federal public service was completed on 15 July 2002.

The FPS Justice is responsible to the Minister of Justice.

Royal order
A royal order or royal decree is an official order or decision issued by a monarch, often having the force of law. It is a formal pronouncement, similar to an edict, that can cover various matters, from appointing officials to enacting laws.
Arma people
The Arma people is an
ethnic group of the middle Niger River valley, descended from Moroccan invaders of the 16th century. The name, applied by other groups, derives from the word ar-rumah (Arabic: الرماة) 'fusiliers'.

The Arma ethnicity is distinct from (but sometimes confused with) the 3.6 million Zarma people of western Niger, who predate the Moroccan invasion and speak the Zarma language, also a member of the Songhay languages.

As of 1986, there were some 20,000 self-identified Arma in Mali, mostly around Timbuktu, the middle Niger bend and the Inner Niger Delta.

Inner Niger Delta
The Inner Niger Delta, also known as the Macina or Masina, is the  inland river delta of the Niger River. It is an area of fluvial wetlands, lakes and floodplains in the semi-arid Sahel area of central Mali, just south of the Sahara Desert.
Soisy
Soisy is the name or part of the name of four communes of France:

Soisy-Bouy in the Seine-et-Marne département

Soisy-sous-Montmorency in the Val-d'Oise département

Soisy-sur-École in the Essonne département

Soisy-sur-Seine in the Essonne département

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Phutung
Phutung is a village and former Village Development Committee that is now part of  Tarakeshwar Municipality in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,792 living in 1,064 households.

Although the etymological roots of the word “phutung” is unknown, the word is perhaps related to Tibeto-Burman kirati root meaning “subsidiary”. Accordingly, if its kirati root is true, the name may date back to 500 BC during the era when Tibeto-Burman speaking kirati people ruled the Kathmandu Valley. Please read the history of Kathmandu valley for ancient history of the Kathmandu valley.

The village is the source of name for a technological research institute named Phutung Research Institute for the word rhymes with word photon, the name for the smallest packet of electromagnetic energy.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
Elsie and Doris Waters
Florence Elsie Waters (19 August 1893–14 June 1990) and her sister Doris Ethel Waters (20 December 1899–18 August 1978) were English comic actresses and singers who performed as a double act. They are remembered for creating the comedy characters Gert and Daisy, and have been described as "the most successful female double-act in the history of British music hall and variety".

Double act
A double act (also known as a comedy duo) is a form of comedy originating in the British music hall tradition, and American vaudeville, in which two comedians perform together as a single act, often highlighting differences in their characters' personalities. Pairings are typically long-term, in some cases for the artists' entire careers. Double acts perform on the stage, television and film.

The format is particularly popular in the United Kingdom where successful acts have included Peter Cook and Dudley Moore (Cook's deadpan delivery contrasted with Moore's buffoonery), Flanagan and Allen, Morecambe and Wise, The Two Ronnies, and French and Saunders, Armstrong and Miller, and Mitchell and Webb. The tradition is also present in the United States with acts like Wheeler & Woolsey, Abbott and Costello, Gallagher and Shean, Burns and Allen, Olsen and Johnson and Lyons and Yosco. The British-American comedy double act Laurel and Hardy has been described as the most popular in the world.
Haverbeck
Haverbeck is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

H. D. S. Haverbeck (1913–1986), American philatelist and journalist

Kurt Haverbeck (1899–1988), German field hockey player

Werner Georg Haverbeck (1909–1999), German Nazi and folklorist

Ursula Haverbeck (1928–2024), German neo-Nazi and holocaust denier

Werner Georg Haverbeck
Werner Georg Haverbeck (28 October 1909 – 18 October 1999) was a German historian and folklorist from Bonn. During World War II he was a member of the Nazi Party, serving in the Sturmabteilung, and reaching the rank of Untersturmführer. He had been a leader of the Nazi Party's German Labour Front and a direct subordinate of Rudolf Heß. He was the founder and director in 1933 of the German Imperial Federation of Nation and Homeland [de], as well as a parson of The Christian Community.
Swift, Minnesota
Swift is an unincorporated community in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located east-southeast of Warroad on State Highway 11 (MN 11).  Swift is located within Laona Township and Moranville Township.

Nearby places include Warroad, Roosevelt, Williams, and Lake of the Woods at Muskeg Bay.

Warroad, Minnesota
Warroad is a city in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States, at the southwest corner of Lake of the Woods, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) south of Canada. The population was 1,781 at the 2010 census. Warroad had its own newspaper before it was incorporated in 1901.

Minnesota State Highways 11 and 313 are two of the city's main routes.
Euploea eurianassa
Euploea eurianassa is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It was described by William Chapman Hewitson in 1858. It is endemic to New Guinea in the Australasian realm.

The larva feeds on Ichnocarpus frutescens.

Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is one of eight  biogeographic realms that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua), and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccas (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku), and the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.

The Australasian realm also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian realm.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan realm. In the classification scheme developed by Miklos Udvardy, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and New Zealand are placed in the Oceanian realm.
St. Louis Derby
The St. Louis Derby run at Fairmount Park Racetrack in Collinsville, Illinois held its inaugural race on August 26, 2006.  Open to three-year-old thoroughbred horses of either gender, and run at one and one sixteenth miles on the dirt, this ungraded stakes race offers a purse of $250,000, funded privately by local business men.

Inaugurated in 1926, the race was called the Fairmount Derby. It ran until 1930 after which it did not return until 1967 and for a time achieved Grade III status. It was last run in 2006. Following this hiatus, it was reintroduced in 2021 as the FanDuel Saint Louis Derby with a $250,000 prize pool and has been run yearly in the month of August since.

Collinsville, Illinois
Collinsville is a city located mainly in Madison County and partially in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 24,366. Collinsville is approximately 14 miles (23 km) east of St. Louis, Missouri, and is part of that city's Metro East area.

Collinsville is the location of Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site. This prehistoric urban complex is estimated to have had a population of thousands at its peak, long before European exploration in the area. The city is also known for the Brooks Catsup Bottle Water Tower, the world's largest ketchup bottle, and is billed as the world's horseradish capital.
Bascot de Mauléon
Bascot de Mauléon was a Basque soldier, mercenary and Brigand of the Hundred Years' War in the 14th century.

In 1363, after the Treaty of Brétigny, Bascot de Mauléon and his men began to pillage the countryside. His was one of the many so called  Tard-Venus, groups of mercenaries left without employment by the end of hostilities.

His troops attacked Avignon and ransomed the Pope. They then plundered Burgundy. He took part in the Battle of Brignais where troops raised by the king were routed due to the betrayal of the Archpriest.

Froissart tells the story that Mauléon had a lady love in Anse. However, another Bandit leader named Limousin also obtained the favors of this beautiful woman. The chronicle recounts that Mauléon attacked Limousin (caught in the Act) who fled the city naked. Limousin; however, latter ambushed, Mauléon on 2 May 1365.

Looting
Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage.

Throughout history, the practice of war looting was often considered a customary right of victorious armies until the development of modern international humanitarian law.

Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In modern armed conflicts, looting is prohibited by international law, and constitutes a war crime. The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 explicitly prohibited pillage and looting, codifying earlier efforts to restrain the practice in European warfare.
Senas of Makwanpur
The Senas of Makwanpur was a kingdom located in the northern parts of the Mithila region of Nepal. For a part of their history, up till 1675, they were subordinate to the Rajas of Darbhanga and paid tribute to them. They were later conquered in 1762 by Prithvi Narayan Shah during his unification of Nepal military campaign in the battle of Makwanpur. In that battle, 60 Gorkhali and 400 soldiers of Makwanpur were killed.

The official language of the Sen kings of Makwanpur was Maithili.

Unification of Nepal
The unification of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको एकीकरण, romanized: Nēpālakō ēkīkaraṇa) was the process of building the modern Nepalese state, by invading fractured Malla kingdoms including the Baise Rajya's 22 kingdoms and the Chaubisi Rajya's 24 kingdoms. It began in 1743 CE (1799 BS), by Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha. On 25 September 1768, he officially announced the creation of the Kingdom of Nepal and moved his capital from Gorkha to a city in Kathmandu Valley.

The Shah dynasty that Prithvi Narayan Shah founded would go on to absorb the various warring Malla kingdoms that once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state that stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. Before the Gorkha Empire, the Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region's name in Newar language.
Hiroshi Tsubaki
Hiroshi Tsubaki (born 18 May 1991) is a Japanese former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2014 and 2020 for Bridgestone–Anchor and the Kinan Cycling Team. Since retiring from cycling, Tsubaki now works as a barista in a coffee shop in Inagi.

Inagi
Inagi (稲城市, Inagi-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 92,585 in 41,592 households, and a population density of 5200 persons per km². The total area of the city was 17.97 square kilometres (17,970,000 m2).
Parsi language
Parsi has been used as a name for several languages of Iran and South Asians, some of them spurious:

Parsi, an alternative spelling of Farsi, the Persian language.

Parsi, the variety of Gujarati spoken by the Parsis of Gujarat and Maharashtra in India. Prior to 2023, Ethnologue treated it as a separate language, with the ISO 639-3 code [prp]. That code has now been deprecated and the variety is instead subsumed under Gujarati.

Parsi-Dari, a supposed language spoken by Zoroastrians in Iran. Ethnologue assigns it the ISO 639-3 code [prd], but Glottolog considers it spurious and a duplicate of the Zoroastrian Dari language [gbz].

Parsi, a name occasionally used by speakers of Indo-Aryan languages of northern India to refer to speech forms they do not understand. It has been attested, among others, for Santali and Mal Paharia. It has frequently been used in reference to the secret languages of some social groups, for example that of the Bazigar people of north-west India.

Mal Paharia language
Mal Paharia is a language spoken by 51,000 of 110,000 ethnic Mal Paharia in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal in India, and regions of Bangladesh. The language is also known as Mal Pahoria, Malto, Malti, Paharia, Parsi, and Mal Pahariya. It has been variously regarded as a Bengali–Assamese language, a dialect of Malto, and a mixed Dravidian–Indo-Aryan language. There is a generally positive attitude among speakers of the language towards it, but it is considered vulnerable as some speakers have shifted to Bengali. Mal Paharia uses the Devanagari script and rules for its writing, reading, and speech.
Georgia State Route 300
State Route 300 (SR 300, also called the Georgia–Florida Parkway), is a 107-mile-long (172 km) state highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its southern terminus is at the Florida state line south-southeast of Thomasville, where the roadway continues as US 19/SR 57. This is also the southern terminus of SR 3, with which US 19 and SR 300 travel concurrently through the southern part of the state. Its northern terminus is at Interstate 75 (I-75) in Cordele. It bears no relation to the pre-1983 highway in Central Georgia.

This is the second state route in Georgia to carry the SR 300 designation. The earlier one, in a different part of the state, was much shorter, traveling from Monticello to a point 20.3 miles (32.7 km) northeast of Monticello (and about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Eatonton), and existed from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Monticello, Georgia
Monticello is the largest city in and the county seat of Jasper County, Georgia, United States. The city includes historic buildings such as the Jasper County Courthouse, Monticello High School, and the Monticello Historic District. The population was 2,541 in 2020. It is 56 miles (90 km) southeast of Atlanta.