hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wang Jiancheng
Wang Jiancheng (Chinese: 汪建成; pinyin: Wāng Jiànchéng; born 1962) is a Chinese scholar of criminal procedure law, former Dean of Law Department, Yantai University, and currently a professor at Peking University Law School.

Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure.
Lhamsuren Myagmarsuren
Lkhamsurengiin Myagmarsuren (Mongolian: Лхамсүрэнгийн Мягмарсүрэн; born February 17, 1938) is a Mongolian chess master.

He won the West Asian zonal tournament in 1966. and tied for 19-20th place in the Interzonal tournament in Sousse, Tunisia 1967 (Bent Larsen won).

In other international tournaments, he tied for 5-6th place at Dushanbe 1962 (Leonid Shamkovich won); won 12th place at Havana 1967 (4th Armies-ch, Vlastimil Hort won); took 16th place at Tallinn 1971 (Paul Keres and Mikhail Tal won);, and tied for 8-9th place in the 10th Rubinstein Memorial at Polanica Zdrój 1972 (Jan Smejkal won).

Myagmarsuren was a four-time Mongolian chess champion (1965, 1980, 1981, 1982). He played ten times for Mongolia in the Chess Olympiads (1960–1974 and 1980–1982), where he won an individual gold medal at the fourth board (+14 –1 =5) at Leipzig 1960.

Myagmarsuren was awarded the IM title in 1966. He still plays chess and his handle on the Internet Chess Club is "Shatar".

Leonid Shamkovich
Leonid Aleksandrovich Shamkovich (Russian: Леони́д Алекса́ндрович Шамко́вич; June 1, 1923 – April 22, 2005) was a chess Grandmaster and chess writer.

He was born in a Jewish family in Rostov-on-Don in Russia.
Ildikó Szekeres
Ildikó Szekeres (Hungarian: Szekeres Ildikó; born 6 February 1973 in Pécs) is a Hungarian female curler.

On international level she is runner-up of 2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship and bronze medallist of 2013 European Mixed Curling Championship.

On national level she is eleven-time Hungarian women's curling champion (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013), six-time Hungarian mixed curling champion (2005, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015), five-time Hungarian mixed doubles curling champion (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2017), six-time Hungarian Women's Curler of the Year (2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015).

2013 European Mixed Curling Championship
The 2013 European Mixed Curling Championship was held from September 14 to 21 at the Murrayfield Curling Rink in Edinburgh, Scotland. Due to an issue with the ice chilling plant, play was postponed from Saturday night until Sunday night.

Germany's Andy Kapp defeated defending champion Scotland's Ewan MacDonald with a score of 5–4. The game was tied after four ends, but Scotland gave up a steal of two in the sixth end after a draw by MacDonald came up light. Scotland scored two in the seventh end, but Germany were able to get one point in the final end to win the title.
Samantaral
Samantaral (transl. Parallel) is a 2017 Indian Bengali-language psychological drama film, directed by Partha Chakraborty. It stars Parambrata Chatterjee and Riddhi Sen. It was nominated at the 2018 Filmfare Awards for Best Film (Critics). Chatterjee received nominations for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Male) - Popular and Critics Award for Best Actor (Male).

Kushal Chakraborty
Kushal Chakraborty (born 21 July 1968) is an Indian actor and film director associated with Bengali cinema. At the age of six, he played the role of Mukul in Satyajit Ray's film Sonar Kella for which he won National Film Award for best child artist in 1974. He introduced Rituparna Sengupta to showbiz with his directorial venture Shwet Kapot (1989). His directorial venture Dhyatterika (2005) was a major success on television.

Kushal is a civil engineering graduate from Jadavpur University.

He won the National Film Award for Best Child Artist for his role in Sonar Kella, directed by Satyajit Ray (1974).
Lectionary 221
Lectionary 221, designated by siglum ℓ 221 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.
Scrivener labelled it by 245evl.
The manuscript has complex contents.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
PWS-33 Wyżeł
The PWS-33 Wyżeł was a Polish twin-engined military trainer aircraft from a period before World War II constructed by Podlaska Wytwórnia Samolotów or PWS ("Podlasie Aircraft Factory"). Although destined for production it got no further than the prototypes before Poland was invaded.

Polish Air Force
The Polish Air Force (Polish: Siły Powietrzne, lit. 'Air Forces') is the aerial warfare branch of the Polish Armed Forces. Until July 2004 it was officially known as Wojska Lotnicze i Obrony Powietrznej (lit. 'Aerial and Air Defense Forces'). In 2014 it consisted of roughly 26,000 military personnel and about 475 aircraft, distributed among ten bases throughout Poland.

The Polish Air Force can trace its origins to the second half of 1917 and was officially established in the months following the end of World War I in 1918. During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939, 70% of its aircraft were destroyed. Most pilots, after the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, escaped via Romania and Hungary to continue fighting throughout World War II in allied air forces, first in France, then in Britain, and later also the Soviet Union.
Lillington Free Church
Lillington Free Church is a free church, located in Lillington, Leamington Spa, England. As of July 2024 the current Minister is Rev Nick Stanyon who is assisted in running the church by ordained elders elected by the church members. As well as traditional Sunday worship weekly events include sunday school, Rainbows, Brownies, Girl Guides, table tennis, coffee mornings and toddler cafe. Like all other Free Churches it has a certain degree of autonomy, although it and its Minister ultimately answer to the national General Assembly. The quarterly church magazine is named The Link.

Toddler
A toddler is a child approximately 1 to 3 years old, though definitions vary. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from "toddle", which means to walk unsteadily, as children at this age do.

By the age of two, toddlers typically reach several important milestones, including walking, running, climbing and speaking in short phrases. Their vocabulary expands rapidly and they begin to show increased independence as they explore their environment and make known their preferences.
Offences against military law in the United Kingdom
The main offences against military law in the United Kingdom are set out in the Armed Forces Act 2006.

The offences fall into two main categories, discipline offences and criminal conduct offences. A second distinction is between those offences that can be dealt with by a commanding officer in a summary hearing, and those that can only be heard by the Court Martial.

Violent and Sex Offender Register
In the United Kingdom the Violent and Sex Offender Register (ViSOR) is a sex offender registry of those required to register with the police under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (the 2003 Act), those jailed for more than 12 months for violent offences, and those thought to be at risk of offending.

The Register can be accessed by the police, National Probation Service, and HM Prison Service personnel. Private companies running prisons are also granted access. It used to be managed by the National Policing Improvement Agency of the Home Office, but this was replaced by the National Crime Agency on 7 October 2013, as a feature of the Crime and Courts Act 2013, which also formally abolished the NPIA.
Cutty Cutshall
Robert Dewees "Cutty" Cutshall (December 29, 1911 – August 16, 1968) was an American jazz trombonist.

Cutshall was born in Huntington Co., Pennsylvania, on December 29, 1911. He played in Pittsburgh early in his career, making his first major tour in 1934 with Charley Dornberger. He joined Jan Savitt's orchestra in 1938, then played with Benny Goodman in the early 1940s. Later in the decade he worked frequently with Billy Butterfield and did some freelance work in New York City. He started working with Eddie Condon in 1949, an association which lasted over a decade. Cutshall was touring with Condon in Toronto when the trombonist died of a heart attack in his hotel room on August 16, 1968.

Cutshall's credits include work with Peanuts Hucko, Bob Crosby, Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Armstrong.

Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing". His orchestra did well commercially.

From 1935 until the mid-1940s, Goodman led one of the most popular swing big bands in the United States. His concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938, is described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's 'coming out' party to the world of 'respectable' music."

Goodman's bands started the careers of many jazz musicians. During an era of racial segregation, he led one of the first integrated jazz groups, his trio and quartet. He continued performing until the end of his life while pursuing an interest in classical music.
2025 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2025 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were the 103rd NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 43rd NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships held at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon on the campus of the University of Oregon. 42 events (21 men's and 21 women's) were contested from Wednesday, June 11 until Saturday, June 14, starting with the men's decathlon and ending with the women's 4 × 400-meter relay. Men's events were held Wednesday and Friday, and women's events were held Thursday and Saturday, with the exception of the men's decathlon which extended from Wednesday into Thursday and the women's heptathlon which began Friday and ended Saturday.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Dale, Oklahoma
Dale is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located on State Highway 270 in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. It lies in the North Canadian River bottom, a few miles northwest of Shawnee. The population was 175 at the time of the 2020 Census, a slight decrease over the 2010 census figure of 186.

Dale was platted along the Rock Island railroad line before statehood. The Dale Post Office opened October 26, 1893. It was initially named King in honor of John King, an Absentee-Shawnee Indian who owned the allotted land on which the community was founded.  The community was renamed in 1895, for Frank Dale, the second Chief Justice of the Territorial Supreme Court (1893-1898).

Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
The original Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRI&P RW, sometimes called Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway) (reporting marks CRI&P, RI, ROCK) was an American Class I railroad. It was also known as the Rock Island Line, or, in its final years, The Rock.

At the end of 1970, it operated 7,183 miles of road on 10,669 miles of track; that year it reported 20,557 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 118 million passenger miles. (Those totals may or may not include the former Burlington-Rock Island Railroad.)

"Rock Island Line", a folk song from the late 1920s, first recorded in 1934, was inspired by the railway.
Cubist sculpture
Cubist sculpture developed in parallel with Cubist painting, beginning in Paris around 1909 with its proto-Cubist phase, and evolving through the early 1920s. Just as Cubist painting, Cubist sculpture is rooted in Paul Cézanne's reduction of painted objects into component planes and geometric solids; cubes, spheres, cylinders, and cones. Presenting fragments and facets of objects that could be visually interpreted in different ways had the effect of 'revealing the structure' of the object. Cubist sculpture essentially is the dynamic rendering of three-dimensional objects in the language of non-Euclidean geometry by shifting viewpoints of volume or mass in terms of spherical, flat and hyperbolic surfaces.

Robert Delaunay
Robert Delaunay (French: [ʁɔbɛʁ dəlonɛ]; 12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a French artist of the School of Paris movement; who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. His later works were more abstract. His key influence related to the bold use of colour and a clear love of experimentation with both depth and tone.
Howick Island
The Howick Island is the southernmost and a now uninhabited island in the Howick group that is part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Far North Queensland, Australia.

It fell within the territory of the Ithu people in pre-colonial times.

The island is located in the Coral Sea and is situated about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south-east of Cape Melville. The area of the island is approximately 480 hectares (1,200 acres).

Cape Melville
Cape Melville is a headland on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. To its west lies Princess Charlotte Bay. It is part of the Cape Melville National Park. Cape Melville was named Stoney Cape in 1815 by Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys on the HM Kangaroo but later renamed by him as Cape Melville

Pipon Island is about six km north of the cape and Hales Island about two km east, both part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. King Island lies several kilometres to the north west of the cape.  The highest peak on the cape is Abbey Peak, which named in 1901 by Commander Munro. R.N.,  while aboard HMS Dart.

The cape consists of granite outcrops which formed 250 million years ago.
Variety Studio: Actors on Actors
Variety Studio: Actors on Actors, also referred to as Actors on Actors, is an American entertainment talk show television series co-produced by PBS SoCal and Variety Media. It premiered on PBS SoCal on December 21, 2014.

Babygirl
Babygirl is a 2024 American erotic thriller film written, directed, and produced by Halina Reijn. The film stars Nicole Kidman as a high-powered CEO who puts her career and family on the line when she begins an affair with a much younger intern (Harris Dickinson). Sophie Wilde and Antonio Banderas also star.

Babygirl premiered at the 81st Venice International Film Festival on August 30, 2024, where Kidman won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress, followed by a premiere at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2024, with a wide theatrical release by A24 on December 25, 2024. It received positive reviews and became a box office success, grossing $64.7 million on a $20 million budget. It was named one of the top ten films of 2024 by the National Board of Review, where Kidman was also awarded the Best Actress prize.
Kenny Watson (cricketer)
William Kenneth ("Kenny") Watson (born 21 May 1955 in Port Elizabeth) is a South African former first-class cricketer active 1974–92 who played for Border and Nottinghamshire. Watson played in 143 first-class and 147 List A matches during his career.

Border cricket team
Border is the team representing the Border region in domestic first-class cricket in South Africa.  The team began playing in March 1898. When Cricket South Africa introduced the franchise system in 2004, Border merged with Eastern Province to form the Warriors.
Against Simon
"Against Simon" (also known as "Reply to Simon") is a speech by Lysias, one of the "Canon of Ten" Attic orators. The speech, the third in the modern Lysianic corpus, concerns a case of "wounding with premeditation" or with the intention to commit murder. This offense was heard not in front of an ordinary court but instead by the council of the Areopagus where not only the litigants of the case but the witnesses as well had to swear to a special oath called the diomosia. In these proceedings, there was also an emphasis on citing only material that was specifically related to the case. Although it is not entirely clear how the Athenians differentiated between premeditated wounding and simple assault, scholars  have suggested that the possession of a weapon could be a determining factor.

Attic orators
The ten Attic orators were considered the greatest Greek orators and logographers of the classical era (5th–4th century BC). They are included in the "Canon of Ten", which probably originated in Alexandria. A.E. Douglas has argued, however, that it was not until the second century AD that the canon took on the form that is recognised today.
Church of the Addolorata, Acqui Terme
The Church of the Addolorata (Italian:Chiesa dell’Addolorata) is a Romanesque-style, Roman Catholic basilica church located on Piazza Addolorata, in Acqui Terme, Province of Alessandria, region of Piedmont, Italy.

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
2013 Grand Prix Hassan II – Doubles
Dustin Brown and Paul Hanley were the defending champions, but they decided not to compete together this year.
Brown played alongside Christopher Kas and defeated Hanley and Lukáš Dlouhý in the first round.
Julian Knowle and Filip Polášek won the title, defeating Brown and Kas in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Julian Knowle
Julian Knowle (born 29 April 1974) is an Austrian former  professional tennis player. Being a born left-hander, Knowle was one of the few on the ATP Tour who played his forehand, backhand, and even volleys double-handed. He was Austria's most successful doubles player in history by reaching world No. 6 in the ATP doubles rankings in January 2008, before being matched by Jürgen Melzer, who reached No. 6 in September 2010, and overtaken only by Alexander Peya, who reached No. 3 in August 2013.
Battle of Mendigorría
The Battle of Mendigorría Grand took place during the First Carlist War on July 16, 1835 south of Mendigorría, Navarre.  The Carlists were commanded by Vicente González Moreno, who assumed this post after the death of Zumalacárregui at the Siege of Bilbao.  The Carlist pretender Don Carlos was also at Mendigorría.

When the Liberals attacked, the Carlists found themselves in a difficult strategic position: they had the Arga River behind them and only one way across, the Bridge of Larraga.

The Liberal left flank was led by Baldomero Espartero, the central flank by Luis Fernández de Córdova.

The Carlist fiercely defended themselves but were forced to retreat.  Don Carlos was able to escape thanks to the efforts of the defense of the Larraga bridge by the Carlist brigadier Bruno Villarreal.

The battle was a Liberal victory, though the Liberals did not press forward and take advantage of the situation.

Arga (river)
The Arga is a river of Navarre, in Spain, and is a tributary of the Aragón River, itself a tributary of the river Ebro. The Arga was known as the river Runa in antiquity. Situated in the north-east of Spain, the river stretches some 145 kilometres (90 mi) and has a basin of 2,759 square kilometres (1,065 sq mi), of which 2,652 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi) is in Navarre and the remaining 107 square kilometres (41 sq mi) is in the province of Alava. The source of the river is to the north of the village Esteríbar, near the border with France, and it empties into the Aragón River near Funes.

The river is dammed in the Eugui reservoir near Esteríbar; the dam principally serves the needs of Pamplona's metropolitan area, the largest city on the Arga.
Henry Mayer
Henry Mayer could refer to:

Henry Mayer (cartoonist) (1868–1954), German cartoonist

Henry Mayer (historian) (1941–2000), American historian

Henri Mayer (1878–1953/1955), German cyclist

Heinz Meier (composer) (1925–1998), German composer who used the pseudonym "Henry Mayer"

Henry Mayer (cartoonist)
Henry Mayer (18 July 1868 – 27 September 1954), often seen as Hy Mayer in signatures, using the traditional abbreviation for Henry, was a German-American editorial cartoonist, comic artist, children's book illustrator and animator.
Barbaros Erköse
Barbaros Erköse (born 1936) is a Turkish clarinet player, ensemble leader, and composer. Erköse began to play the clarinet at age 9. While he was in secondary school, he was playing at wedding ceremonies. Around the same time, Erköse quit school. When he was 12, the musician took clarinet lessons from Saffet Gündeğer. Erköse played fasıls as an opening for plays at Şen Tiyatro (the theater where İsmail Dümbüllü appeared) in Ankara, and after working here for five years, he took the entrance exam at Ankara Radio in 1955 and was employed by the organization. In 1961, after travelling to Istanbul for an entertainment show, Erköse began to work at Istanbul Radio. He played with such famous names as Nesrin Sipahi and Zeki Müren. Erköse also recorded with musicians such as Anouar Brahem and Peter Pannke and played numerous concerts abroad.

Zeki Müren
Zeki Müren (Turkish pronunciation: [zeˈci ˈmyɾæn]; 6 December 1931 – 24 September 1996) was a Turkish singer, composer, songwriter, actor and poet. Known by the nicknames "The Sun of Art" and "Pasha", he was one of the prominent figures of  Turkish classical music. Due to his contributions to the art industry, he was named a "State Artist" in 1991. He was the first singer to receive a gold certification in Turkey and throughout his career recorded and released hundreds of songs on cassettes and phonograph records.
Parish of Mount Stuart
Mount Stuart located at 29°30'32.0"S 142°01'08.0"E  is a civil parish of Tongowoko County, on the opposite bank of the Thomson Creek from the town of Tibooburra. The parish is east of Tibooburra.

The geography of the parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).

Tongowoko County
Tongowoko County is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales. It is located in the remote north-west of the state, south of the Queensland border.

The name Tongowoko is believed to be derived from a local Aboriginal word.