hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marathon at the Summer Olympics
The marathon at the Summer Olympics is the only road running event held at the multi-sport event. The men's marathon has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since the first modern Olympics in 1896. Nearly ninety years later, the women's event was added to the programme at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Miquel Ensenyat
Miquel Ensenyat Riutort (born 30 October 1969) is a Spanish politician of the party Més per Mallorca. He was the mayor of Esporles (2005–2015), the president of the Island Council of Mallorca (2015–2019) and his party's leader in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands (2019–).

Parliament of the Balearic Islands
The Parliament of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Parlament de les Illes Balears; Spanish: Parlamento de las Islas Baleares) is the unicameral autonomous parliament of the Balearic Islands, one of the autonomous communities of Spain. Composed of 59 elected seats, it sits in the city of Palma, on the island of Majorca.
Clifford J. Rogers
Clifford J. Rogers is a professor of history at the United States Military Academy at West Point.  He has also been a Leverhulme Visiting Professor at Swansea University, an Olin Fellow in Military and Strategic History at Yale, and a Fulbright Fellow at the Institute of Historical Research in London.

Leverhulme Trust
The Leverhulme Trust (/ˈliːvərhjuːm/) is a large national grant-making organisation in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1925 under the will of the 1st Viscount Leverhulme (1851–1925), with the instruction that its resources should be used to cover certain trade charities and support "scholarships for the purposes of research and education." Over time, it has come to focus on the latter aim.

The Trust is based in London and is a registered charity under English law.

The current Chair of the Trust is Alan Jope CBE.
Gothic name
The Onomastics of the Gothic language (Gothic personal names) are an important source not only for the history of the Goths themselves, but for Germanic onomastics in general and the linguistic and cultural history of the Germanic Heroic Age of c. the 3rd to 6th centuries.
Gothic names can be found in Roman records as far back as the 4th century AD. 
After the Muslim invasion of Hispania and the fall of the Visigothic kingdom in the early 8th century, the Gothic tradition was largely interrupted, although Gothic or pseudo-Gothic names continued to be given in the Kingdom of Asturias in the 9th and 10th centuries.

(Not to be confused with names inspired by the modern-day Goth subculture.)

Onomastics
Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use.

An alethonym ('true name') or an orthonym ('real name') is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onomastic study. Scholars studying onomastics are called onomasticians.

Onomastics has applications in data mining, with applications such as named-entity recognition, or recognition of the origin of names. It is a popular approach in historical research, where it can be used to identify ethnic minorities within populations and for the purpose of prosopography.
Nadja (novel)
Nadja (1928) is the second book published by the French surrealist André Breton. It begins with the question "Who am I?"

It is based on Breton's actual interactions with a young woman, Nadja (actually Léona Camille Ghislaine Delacourt 1902–1941), over the course of ten days, and is presumed to be a semi-autobiographical description of his relationship with a patient of Pierre Janet.  The book's non-linear structure is grounded in reality by references to other Paris surrealists such as Louis Aragon and 44 photographs.

The last sentence of the book ("Beauty will be CONVULSIVE or will not be at all") provided the title for Pierre Boulez's flute concerto ...explosante-fixe....

Dating from 1960, the widely available English translation by Richard Howard is a translation of the first edition of Breton's novel, dating from 1928. Breton published a second, revised edition in 1963. A second English translation by Mark Polizzotti was published in 2025 by New York Review Books.

Louis Aragon
Louis Aragon (French: [lwi aʁaɡɔ̃] ⓘ; 3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France. He co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Littérature. He was also a novelist and editor, a long-time member of the Communist Party and a member of the Académie Goncourt. After 1959, he was a frequent nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Elaine Equi
Elaine Equi (born 1953) is an American poet.

Equi was born in Oak Park, Illinois and grew up in the Chicago area. Both her parents emigrated from Italy in the 1920s. Since 1988 she has lived in New York City with her husband, poet Jerome Sala. She currently teaches creative writing in the Master of Fine Arts programs at City College of New York and The New School. Widely published, her poems have appeared in Big Other, The New Yorker, American Poetry Review, and numerous volumes of The Best American Poetry. In April 2007  Coffee House Press published Ripple Effect: New and Selected Poems. Also in 2007 she edited a special section for Jacket Magazine: The Holiday Album: Greeting Card Poems For All Occasions.

Creative writing
Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.
Kano Computing
Kano Computing is a London-based startup that specializes in computer hardware and software. Founded in January 2013, the company focuses on creating educational kits that utilize Raspberry Pi single-board computers to teach STEM subjects to children. Kano Computing is known for its innovative approach to technology education and has gained recognition for its products and initiatives in the tech industry.

The company received recognition for its  approach, securing funding through crowdfunding campaigns and a £14 million investment from HSBC. Collaborations with Kanye West and Novak Djokovic highlighted Kano's impact in the tech and education sectors. Accolades include Fast Company's 50 Most Innovative Companies list, Time's Invention of the Year awards, and  the Golden Lion at the Cannes Lions global marketing awards.

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
1986 NCAA Division I-A football rankings
Two human polls comprised the 1986 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-A football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason—the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.
Alexandru Roșu
Alexandru Roșu (born 30 April 1987) is a Romanian weightlifter. Rosu represented Romania at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's lightweight class (69 kg). Unfortunately, Rosu did not finish the event, as he successfully lifted 136 kg (300 lb) in the single-motion snatch, but failed to hoist 165 kg (364 lb) in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk.

Snatch (weightlifting)
The snatch is the first of two lifts contested in the sport of weightlifting (also known as Olympic weightlifting) followed by the clean and jerk. The objective of the snatch is to lift the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion. There are four main styles of snatch used: snatch (full snatch or squat snatch), split snatch, power snatch, and muscle snatch.  The full lift is the most common style used in competition, while power snatches and muscle snatches are mostly used for training purposes, and split snatches are now rarely used. Any of these lifts can be performed from the floor, from the hang position, or from blocks. In competition, only lifts from the floor are allowed.
Dayton, Missouri
Dayton is an unincorporated community in southeast Cass County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Garden City is five miles north along Missouri Route F and Creighton lies 6.5 miles east along Missouri Route B. The Settles Ford Conservation Area along the South Grand River lies to the southeast. The community lies atop a ridge between Sugar Creek to the west and Lick Branch to the east. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

Lick Branch (South Grand River tributary)
Lick Branch is a stream in Cass County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the South Grand River.

Lick Branch was so named for the mineral licks along its course which attracted wildlife.
Rossiysky Kredit
Rossiysky Kredit (Roscredit) (Russian: Российский кредит или «Роскредит») was a Russian commercial bank that ceased operations on 24 July 2015, when the Central Bank of Russia withdrew the bank's license.

Central Bank of Russia
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Russian: Центральный банк Российской Федерации), commonly known as the Bank of Russia (Russian: Банк России), also called the Central Bank of Russia (CBR), is the central bank of the Russian Federation. The bank was established on 13 July 1990. It traces its beginnings to the State Bank of the Russian Empire established in 1860.

The bank is headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow. Its functions are described in the Constitution of Russia (Article 75), as well as in federal law.
Wilfred Kirochi
Wilfred Kirochi (born 12 December 1969) is a former Kenyan middle-distance runner who won a silver medal at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo in the 1500 m event. Previously Kirochi had won two World Junior Championship titles in 1986 and 1988 (where he defeated future world and Olympic champion Noureddine Morceli).

In 1990, Kirochi also won the silver medal at the Commonwealth Games in Auckland behind Peter Elliott. Kirochi did not qualify for the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, as he did not finish in the top three at the Kenyan trials in Nairobi. However, just prior to the Olympics, he won meets in Oslo and Nice, where he set a temporary world season's best. Later in the season, he improved his personal best to 3:32.49.

1990 Commonwealth Games
The 1990 Commonwealth Games (Māori: 1990 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Auckland, New Zealand from, 24 January – 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations.

Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. Judo (which had been a demonstration sport in 1986) and Gymnastics (last held in 1978) were added as events by the New Zealand organising committee, effectively replacing wrestling, which was dropped from the Games for the first time and rowing which had been held for the last time.

Netball and the Triathlon were demonstration events.
Neubaufahrzeug
The German Panzerkampfwagen Neubaufahrzeug ("new construction vehicle"—a cover name), abbreviated as PzKpfw Nb.Fz, series of tank prototypes were a first attempt to create a medium tank for the Wehrmacht after Adolf Hitler had come to power. Multi-turreted, heavy and slow, they were not considered successful, which led to only five being produced. These were primarily used for propaganda purposes and training, though three took part in the Battle of Norway in 1940. Pictures of the Neubaufahrzeuge were displayed with different turret models and orientations to fool allied spies; American and Soviet agents independently reported that the Germans had two new heavy tanks, the Panzer V and VI. In reality, these tanks were quite different from the Panzer V Panther and the Panzer VI Tiger.

Medium tank
A medium tank is a classification of tanks, particularly prevalent during World War II, which represented a compromise between the mobility oriented light tanks and the armour and armament oriented heavy tanks. A medium tank's classification is not based on weight, but on tactical usage and intended purpose; for instance the German Panzerkampfwagen V Panther medium tank has a mass similar to contemporary Allied heavy tanks. The most widely produced, cost effective and successful tanks of World War II (the German Panzer IV, the Soviet T-34, and the American M4 Sherman) were all medium tank designs. Many of the medium tank lines became what are called main battle tanks in most countries.
Verbena californica
Verbena californica is a rare species of verbena known by the common names California vervain and Red Hills vervain. This flower is endemic to Tuolumne County, California, where it is known from ten or eleven occurrences in the Red Hills, a section of the Sierra Nevada foothills near Chinese Camp. It grows in moist woodland habitat, often on serpentine soils. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

This is a green herb about half a meter in height with a fuzzy stem and long, grasslike leaves. It bears spike inflorescences of tiny purple flowers.

This rare plant is threatened by a number of factors, including cattle grazing, trash dumping, gold mining, off-road vehicles, and development in its habitat. The plant reproduces asexually by sprouting from its underground bulb; this may be a factor in its limited distribution.

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Comunicar
Comunicar is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering research on education, communication, and social sciences. Articles are published in Spanish and English and have abstracts in Chinese and Portuguese. The journal was established in 1993 and is published by Grupo Comunicar. Since 2016 it is published quarterly. Its editor-in-chief is Ignacio Aguaded. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.212.

Social Sciences Citation Index
The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) is a commercial citation index product of Clarivate Analytics. It was originally developed by the Institute for Scientific Information from the Science Citation Index. The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index which indexes over 3,400 journals across 58 social science disciplines – 1985 to present, and it has 122 million cited references – 1900 to present.

It also includes a range of 3,500 selected items from some of the world's finest scientific and technical journals. It has a range of useful search functions such as 'cited reference searching', searching by author, subject, or title.

Whilst the Social Sciences Citation Index provides extensive support in bibliographic analytics and research, a number of academic scholars have expressed criticisms relating to ideological bias and its English-dominant publishing nature.
Jung Hee-tae
Jung Hee-tae (Korean: 정희태; born 5 July 1974) is a South Korean actor. He is known for his roles in My Mind's Flower Rain (2016), My Father Is Strange (2017) and  2018 drama series Radio Romance. He has appeared in about 75 TV series, theatrical plays and films including 2021 film Sweet & Sour. In 2021, he also appeared in TV series Navillera and is appearing in Artificial City.

My Mind's Flower Rain
My Mind's Flower Rain (Korean: TV소설 내 마음의 꽃비; RR: TVsoseol nae maeumui kkotbi) is a 2016 South Korea morning soap opera starring Na Hae-ryung, Lee Chang-wook, Jung Yi-yeon, and Ji Eun-sung. It aired on KBS2 from February 29, 2016 on Mondays to Fridays at 09:00 (KST) to 09:45 (KST).

It is the 40th TV Novel series (9th in 2010s) of KBS.
Elias Ngwepe
Elias Ledile Ngwepe (born 4 March 1978) is a South African former soccer player who played as left-back or left-winger for Maritzburg United, Mamelodi Sundowns, Bloemfontein Celtic, Winners Park, Pietersburg Pillars and Platinum Stars.

Platinum Stars F.C.
Platinum Stars was a South African football club based in Phokeng near Rustenburg, North West Province that played in the Premier Soccer League. The club was nicknamed Dikwena, the Tswana name for Crocodiles.

The team's best finish in the Premiership came during the 2006–07 season, when the club finished as league runners-up, earning them their only appearance in the CAF Champions League. During the same season, the Platinum Stars also collected their first major trophy, when the club won the Telkom Knockout in December 2006.

The club was purchased by a consortium in 2018. After initially indicating that the club would remain in place under the same name, it was dissolved in 2018 and a new club established in Cape Town, Cape Umoya United.
Chemische Industrie Uithoorn
52°14′23″N 4°50′34″E﻿ / ﻿52.23981°N 4.84291°E﻿ / 52.23981; 4.84291﻿ (Cindu Chemicals / Neville Chemical Europe)

Chemische Industrie Uithoorn (Cindu, later Cindu Chemicals) was a chemical company in Uithoorn, Netherlands, specialising in processing coal tar. The company was founded in 1922 as Teerbedrijf Uithoorn (TEBU), and operated under a number of company names. It was acquired by Koppers in 2010 and renamed Koppers Netherlands.

A subsidiary producing polymers from tar derived chemicals was formed in 1960 as Neville Cindu Chemie (later Nevcin Polymers) and operated from the same site in Uithoorn. A reactor at the factory exploded in 1992, causing three deaths and several injuries.

Cindu ceased operations in 2014.

Coal tar
Coal tar (also creosote) is a thick dark liquid that is a by-product of deriving coke and coal gas from coal. Coal tar has both medical and industrial uses. Medicinally, it is a topical medication applied to skin to treat psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff).  It may be used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy in a treatment called Goeckerman therapy, which is rarely used clinically, as of 2024.

Industrially, it is a preservative for railroad ties and used in the surfacing of roads. Coal tar was listed as a known human carcinogen in the first Report on Carcinogens from the U.S. Federal Government, issued in 1980, and remains a cancer concern due to the presence of benzene in coal tar skincare products, such as shampoos.
Berenguela mine
The Berenguela mine is a large silver mine located in the south-east of Peru in Puno Region. Berenguela represents one of the largest silver reserve in Peru and in the world having estimated reserves of 66.1 million oz of silver and 0.6 million oz of gold.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Siege of Groenlo (1627)
The siege of Grol in 1627 was a battle between the Army of the Dutch Republic, commanded by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, and the Spanish-controlled fortified city of Grol (now known as Groenlo), during the Eighty Years War and the Anglo–Spanish War in 1627. The Spanish Army, led by Hendrik van den Bergh, came to relieve Grol but too late. The siege lasted from 20 July until 19 August 1627, resulting in the surrender of the city to the Dutch army.

During the siege, a 16 km circumvallation line was made around Grol to prevent the enemy from leaving and to prevent the liberation of the city from outside. Ambrosio Spinola had used a similar technique during the Siege of Breda (1624), and after the successful siege of Grol Frederic-Henry would later use it in other sieges in the Netherlands, such as at the Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch. The success at Grol provided the first serious victory on land for the Republic after the Twelve Years' Truce.

Twelve Years' Truce
The Twelve Years' Truce was a ceasefire during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 and ended on 9 April 1621. While European powers like France began treating the Republic as a sovereign state, the Spanish viewed it as a temporary measure forced on them by financial exhaustion and domestic issues and did not formally recognise Dutch independence until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. The Truce allowed Philip III of Spain to focus his resources elsewhere, while Archdukes Albert and Isabella used it to consolidate Habsburg rule and implement the Counter-Reformation in the Southern Netherlands.