hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boyden Block
The Boyden Block, at 2 S. Main St. in Coalville, Utah, was built in 1906. It has also been known as Boyden Drugstore, The Hat Box, and Boyden Law Office. The building features Late Victorian and Early Commercial architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

John Boyden, a lawyer in Coalville, was involved in land negotiations with Native Americans. Well after his death, he has been criticized for his performance, involving "Boyden's betrayal of the Hopi through a blatant conflict of interest".

Coalville, Utah
Coalville is a city in and the county seat of Summit County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The population was 1,486 as of the 2020 census. Interstate 80 passes through the town, as well as the Weber River, which flows into Echo Reservoir, just north of Coalville.
Henri Cappetta
Henri Cappetta (August 29, 1946 – January 6, 2024) was a French ichthyologist specializing in the paleontology of sharks and rays. He was a managing director at the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution in the University of Montpellier.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.
Pierre-Julien Leclair
Pierre-Julien Leclair (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ʒyljɛ̃ ləklɛʁ]; September 16, 1860 – May 10, 1897) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Sainte-Thérèse, Canada East, he was educated at the College of Ste. Therese and studied law in Université Laval, graduating with the degree of LL.B. After studying law in the office of De Lorimier & De Lorirnier, he was admitted to the practice of law in July 1883. He later became a partner in the firm Auge, Leclair & Chaffers. He was acclaimed as the Conservative candidate to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1893 by-election for the riding of Terrebonne. He did not run in the 1896 election.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff
Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff (Hebrew: אהרון רקפת-רותקוף; born December 2, 1937) is an Israeli-American professor of rabbinic literature at Yeshiva University's Caroline & Joseph Gruss Institute in Jerusalem.

Encyclopaedia Judaica
The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a multi-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people, Judaism, and Israel. It covers diverse areas of the Jewish world and civilization, including Jewish history of all eras, culture, holidays, language, scripture, and religious teachings. First published in 1971–1972, by 2010 it had been published in two editions accompanied by a few revisions.

The Encyclopaedia Judaica was also published on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM version has been enhanced by at least 100,000 hyperlinks and several other features, including videos, slide shows, maps, music and Hebrew pronunciations. While the CD-ROM version is still available, the publisher has discontinued producing new copies for sale.

The encyclopedia was written by Israeli, American, and European professional subject specialists.
Upper Guinea Creoles
Upper Guinea Creoles can refer to:

Guinea-Bissau Creole — Creole spoken in Guinea-Bissau

Cape Verdean Creole — Creole spoken in Cape Verde

Also related

Portuguese-based creole languages — creole languages with Portuguese as the lexifier language

Guinea-Bissau Creole
Guinea-Bissau Creole, also known as Kiriol or Crioulo, is a creole language whose lexicon derives mostly from Portuguese. It is spoken in Guinea Bissau, Senegal and The Gambia. It is also called by its native speakers as guinensi, kriyol, or portuguis.

Guinea-Bissau Creole is spoken as a native tongue by 250,000 Bissau-Guineans and as a second language by 1,000,000.

A variant of Guinea-Bissau Creole is also spoken in southern Senegal, mainly in the region of Casamance, a former Portuguese colony, which is known as Portuguis Creole or Casamance Creole. Creole is the majority language of the inhabitants of the Casamance region and is used as a language of commerce.

Standard Portuguese is the official language of Guinea-Bissau, but Guinea-Bissau Creole is the language of trade, informal literature and entertainment. It is not used in either news media, parliament, public services or educational programming.
Asnawi Mangkualam
Asnawi Mangkualam Bahar (born 4 October 1999), better known as Asnawi, is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays either as a full-back or a defensive midfielder for Thai League 1 club Port and the Indonesia national team.

PSM Makassar
Persatuan Sepakbola Makassar (lit. 'Football Association of Makassar') commonly referred to as PSM Makassar, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Makassar, South Sulawesi that competes in Super League.

PSM was founded in 1915 as Makassarche Voetbalbond, making it one of the oldest active national clubs. They are also considered one of the most successful clubs in Indonesia, mostly due to their success in the pre-professional era of Indonesian football. In the 2001 season, they became the second Indonesian club to reach the quarterfinals of an Asian-level tournament, Asian Club Championship. PSM Makassar has won 2 Liga 1 titles and 1 Piala Indonesia in the club history.
Big Brother (German TV series) season 14
Big Brother 2024, also known as Big Brother 14 is the fourteenth season of the German reality television series Big Brother. The show returned after a four-year hiatus and begins airing on 4 March 2024 on Sat.1 and Joyn and will end after 100 days on 10 June 2024. It is the first regular season of Big Brother to be predominantly aired on a streaming platform in Germany and Sat.1 will only air the weekly live shows. Marcus Bräuer from Berlin was announced the winner of the show after 99 days and won the 100.000 € cashprize.

Joyn (streaming platform)
Joyn GmbH (formerly 7TV Joint Venture GmbH) is a German streaming company fully owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media. Among other things, it operates the streaming platform Joyn, which had more than seven million users per month in January 2020, the pay-per-view service Maxdome and the streaming service Discovery+ (which subsumed Eurosport Player).

The streaming platform Joyn officially replaced its predecessor service 7TV on 18 June 2019, and the video-on-demand portal maxdome on 2 September 2020. In the 3rd/4th In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Eurosport Player and, later, the maxdome store were also integrated into Joyn.
Osserman manifold
In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry, an Osserman manifold is a Riemannian manifold in which the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobi operator of unit tangent vectors is a constant on the unit tangent bundle. It is named after American mathematician Robert Osserman.

Cayley plane
In mathematics, the Cayley plane (or octonionic projective plane) P2(O) is a projective plane over the octonions.

The Cayley plane was discovered in 1933 by Ruth Moufang, and is named after Arthur Cayley for his 1845 paper describing the octonions.
Downie
Downie is a surname. There appears to be a number of sources of the Downie surname in Scotland and Ireland, with the intermittent mix in Ulster.  The spelling of the surname as Downie is almost unique to Scotland with minor instances in Northern Ireland (Antrim).  The following information on the origins of the name are taken from.

Antrim, County Antrim
Antrim (Irish: Aontroim [ˈeːnˠt̪ˠɾˠɪmʲ]ⓘ, meaning 'lone ridge') is a town and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies on the banks of the Six Mile Water on the north-east shore of Lough Neagh. It had a population of 25,606 people in the 2021 census. It is the county town of County Antrim and was the administrative centre of Antrim Borough Council until its 2015 merger with Newtownabbey Borough Council to form Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council. The town lies 14 miles (23 km) north-west of Belfast.
Alejandro Ferreiro
Alejandro Ferreiro (born 20 March 1961) is a sailor from Uruguay, who represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Bernd Knuppel and fellow crew member Enrique Dupont they took the 16th place.

Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Soling
The Soling was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics program in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California. Seven races were scheduled. 66 sailors, on 22 boats, from 22 nations competed.
New York State Route 39 (1920s–1930)
New York State Route 39 (NY 39) was a 32.85-mile-long (52.87 km) state highway in the Hudson Valley region of New York in the United States. It stretched from NY 21 (now U.S. Route 44) in the town of Poughkeepsie to NY 22 in Patterson, New York. NY 39 was designated in the mid-1920s and was replaced with NY 202, NY 311, and part of NY 52 in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.

Hudson Valley
The Hudson Valley or Hudson River Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York. The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.
Arachnocoris trinitatis
Arachnocoris trinitatis is a true bug species found in Trinidad, West Indies. It is often found living in the webs of the pholcid spider Mesabolivar aurantiacus (Mello-Leitão, 1930). It seems to prefer empty webs, possibly utilizing them as a ready-made prey-capture device, and possibly as a site for finding mates. A. trinitatis can be found in webs all year, but is much less common during the dry season. About one quarter of M. aurantiacus webs contain at least one A. trinitatis during the wet season, with some containing two or three. When two adults are found, they are often 0.5 to 4 cm apart from each other, while keeping a distance from the host spider. They were observed to attack entangled prey, but then retreat when the spider approached it. Adults fly readily when disturbed.

Pholcidae
The Pholcidae are a family of araneomorph spiders. The family contains more than 2,000 individual species of pholcids, including those commonly known as cellar spider, daddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spider, gyrating spider, long daddy, and angel spider. The family, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1850, is divided into 94 genera.

The common name "daddy long-legs" is used for several species, especially Pholcus phalangioides, but is also the common name for several other arthropod groups, including harvestmen and crane flies.
Swerdlow
Swerdlow is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Swerdlow, British epidemiologist

Ezra Swerdlow (1953–2018), American film producer

Jenna Rose Swerdlow (born 1998), American singer

Joel Swerdlow, American journalist

Michael Swerdlow (born 1943), American real estate developer

Noel Swerdlow (1941–2021), American academic

Noel Swerdlow
Noel Mark Swerdlow (9 September 1941 – 24 July 2021) was a professor emeritus of history, astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago.  He was a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology.
Officers Training School
The Officers Training School (OTS) was a training institute for officers of Pakistan Armed Forces, specifically for the army and the navy. It was initially established in Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, along with Pakistan Military Academy in 1948 to counter deficiency of Military Officers in the infant country.  The training duration at the OTS academy at that time was 12 months where officers were allotted with PTC status (Pakistan Temporary Course) based on their age, not their performance. Officers Training School Kohat was abolished in 1961 after passing out 9 courses.

During the 1980s the Pakistani military again faced a shortage of Officers, commencing the OTS programme in 1982 again, continuing from the 10th OTS course. This time the academy was located in Mangla Cantonment. It was halted in 1990 after passing out the 23rd OTS course, later transitioning to the Junior Cadet Academy (JCA), which also halted in 1992.

Pakistan Military Academy
The Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) is a military training institution that prepares officer cadets for service in the Pakistan Army. It is located in Kakul, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Established in November 1947, the academy is accredited by the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST).

The academy conducts training programs for Pakistani officer cadets and provides military training to personnel from allied countries. Each year, PMA hosts approximately 2,000 international guests and has trained cadets and officers from more than 34 countries.
Rick Francis
Rick Francis (born 1958 or 1959) is an American politician. He was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives representing the 145th District, from 2017 to 2025. He is a member of the Republican party.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
1993–94 Serie A
The 1993–94 Serie A was won by Milan, being the 14th title for the rossoneri and their third in succession, complemented by glory in the UEFA Champions League. It was a disappointing season in the league for Internazionale, whose 13th-place finish saw them avoid relegation by a single point, but they compensated for this by winning the UEFA Cup. Piacenza, Udinese, Atalanta and Lecce were all relegated. Milan won the Scudetto during the penultimate match against Udinese. AC Milan also set an unprecedented record for securing the title by scoring just 36 goals, the lowest in Serie A history.

This was the final season in which two points were awarded for a win; going forward this changed to three points.

Three points for a win
Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which 3 points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives 1 point. Many leagues and competitions originally awarded 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw, before switching to the three points for a win system. The change is significant in league tables, where teams typically play 30–40 games per season. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws so that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws.
100 MPH
"100 MPH" is a song by El Presidente from their debut album El Presidente (2005). It was released as a single on two formats, CD and Yellow 7". It reached number 37 in the UK Singles Chart, although in the midweek chart it was at number 34.

After the band performed "100 MPH" on GMTV, Liam Gallagher approached lead singer Dante Gizzi and enquired about who produced it. Gallagher was shocked when Gizzi replied saying he recorded it in his bedroom for a mere £100. Gallagher was impressed by the band so much that he asked them to support Oasis on their Scottish leg of their UK tour.

They also performed the single on Top of the Pops Saturday, and CD:UK.

Top of the Pops Reloaded
Top of the Pops Reloaded, originally known as Top of the Pops Saturday (2002–2005), is a weekly children's music show that was broadcast as part of the Saturday morning CBBC schedule on BBC One and later BBC Two. It ran from 2002 to 2006. It was based on the programme Top of the Pops.

It was shown on BBC Two at 11 am on Saturdays and repeated at 6 pm on the CBBC on Sundays. Presenters included Fearne Cotton, Sam Nixon and Mark Rhodes. The show also regularly featured Radio 1 DJs Jason King and Joel Ross. From episode twelve onwards, a new feature was introduced where digital viewers could press their red button to access a different choice of music.
Mpanda, Mpanda
Mpanda is a town in the Commune of Mpanda in Bubanza Province in northwestern Burundi.

The settlement lies on the RN 9 highway, which rubs north from Bujumbura via Muzinda, Rugazi and Remesha.
It is the seat of the Commune of Mpanda.

The Mpanda General Hospital is located in the town, built using Chinese funding and inaugurated in 2011.
It is a public regional hospital serving a population of 110,661 as of 2014.

Bujumbura
Bujumbura (French pronunciation: [buʒumbuʁa]; Kirundi pronunciation: [buʒuᵐbuɾa]), formerly Usumbura, is the economic capital, former political capital, largest city and main port of Burundi. It ships most of the country's chief export, coffee, as well as cotton and tin ore. Bujumbura was formerly the country's political capital. In late December 2018, Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow through on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status, with Bujumbura remaining as economical capital and center of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019, and as of late 2025, the transition is still ongoing, having estimated to end in 2022.
Tiberius Claudius Asellus (praetor 206 BCE)
Tiberius Claudius Asellus was a tribunus militum in the army of the consul Gaius Claudius Nero in 207 BCE, praetor in 206 BCE, when he obtained Sardinia as his province, and plebeian aedile in 204 BCE.

The historian Appian relates an extraordinary adventure of this Claudius Asellus in 212 BCE.

Military tribune
A military tribune  (from Latin  tribunus militum 'tribune of the soldiers') was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the praefectus castrorum (a centurion). Young men of Equestrian rank often served as military tribunes as a stepping stone to the Senate. The tribunus militum should not be confused with the elected political office of tribune of the people (tribunus plebis) nor with that of tribunus militum consulari potestate.
Valeri Liukin
Valeri Viktorovich Liukin (Russian: Валерий Викторович Люкин; born 17 December 1966 in Aktyubinsk, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is a Kazakh-American retired artistic gymnast currently working as a gymnastics coach. Representing the former Soviet Union, Liukin was the 1988 Olympic champion in the team competition and individually on the horizontal bar, and Olympic silver medalist in the all-around and the parallel bars.

Liukin was the first man to do a triple back flip on floor and both a layout Tkatchev and a Jaeger with full twist on high bar. He also has one of the most difficult skills in men's artistic gymnastics named after him, the triple back (tucked) somersault.

Jaeger (gymnastics)
A Jaeger or Jäger is a move on horizontal bar or uneven bars in artistic gymnastics in which a gymnast swings backward in L-grip or reverse grip, and performs a front somersault, either in tuck, straddled, piked, or in layout (straight) position. The skill is named after Bernd Jäger, who was the first gymnast to perform the skill in an international competition.
Antonije Arnojev Arnot
Antonije Arnojev Arnot (22 July 1808 in Szeged  – 23 September 1841 in Budapest) was a Serbian educational theorist and reformer. He was a
lawyer by profession who also worked as a translator, writer, publisher, publicist, and professor at lyceums in both Kragujevac and in Belgrade.He is regarded as one of the most prominent Serbian scholars in the first half of the 19th century.

Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Basic science and some introduction to specific professions are generally taught.
T. P. Sreenivasan
Thettalil Parameswaran Pillai Sreenivasan (born 17 June 1944 in Kayamkulam, Travancore) is an Indian former diplomat and is the head of the Council for Higher Education of the State of Kerala and also an adjunct professor of eminence at Somaiya Vidyavihar University.

Somaiya Vidyavihar University
Somaiya Vidyavihar University is a private university located in the Vidyavihar suburb of Mumbai, India. Established in 2019, it offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various fields, including arts and humanities, science and technology, engineering, teacher education, research, management, commerce and business studies, sports, religion and culture, and entrepreneurship.

The university is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India and accredited with an "A" grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). It is first self-financed private university in Mumbai.
1720s
The 1720s decade ran from January 1, 1720, to December 31, 1729. In Europe it was a decade of comparative peace following a lengthy period of near continuous warfare with treaties ending the War of the Quadruple Alliance and the Great Northern War. Both Britain and France saw major financial crashes at the beginning of the decade with the South Sea Bubble and the Mississippi Company respectively. Nonetheless it was a decade of stability in both countries under the leadership of Robert Walpole and Cardinal Fleury and the two nations, recently enemies, formed the Anglo-French Alliance.

Stylistically the decade was part of the Baroque era.

Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII (Latin: Benedictus XIII; Italian: Benedetto XIII; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco (or Pierfrancesco) Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in February 1730.

A Dominican friar, Orsini focused on his religious responsibilities as bishop rather than on papal administration. Orsini's lack of political expertise led him to increasingly rely on an unscrupulous secretary (Cardinal Niccolò Coscia) whose financial abuses ruined the papal treasury, causing great damage to the Church in Rome.

In the process towards sainthood, his cause for canonization opened in 1755, but it was closed shortly afterwards. It was reopened on 21 February 1931, but it was closed once again in 1940. It was opened once more on 17 January 2004, with the official process commencing in 2012 and concluding later in 2017. He now has the posthumous title of Servant of God.