hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dehn's lemma
In mathematics, Dehn's lemma asserts that a piecewise-linear map of a disk into a 3-manifold, with the map's singularity set in the disk's interior, implies the existence of another piecewise-linear map of the disk which is an embedding and is identical to the original on the boundary of the disk.

This theorem was thought to be proven by Max Dehn (1910), but  Hellmuth Kneser (1929, page 260) found a gap in the proof.  The status of Dehn's lemma remained in doubt until  Christos Papakyriakopoulos (1957, 1957b) using work by Johansson (1938) proved it using his "tower construction".  He also generalized the theorem to the loop theorem and sphere theorem.

Boundary (topology)
In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset S of a topological space X is the set of points in the closure of S not belonging to the interior of S. An element of the boundary of S is called a boundary point of S. The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set.  Notations used for boundary of a set S include   and .
6th Filmfare Awards Bangla
The 6th Filmfare Awards Bangla ceremony, presented by The Times Group, honor the best Bengali language Indian films of 2021–2022. The ceremony was held on 10 March 2023 at the ITC Royal Bengal in Kolkata. Ballabhpurer Roopkotha and Dostojee shared the award for Best Film. The Award Show was aired on 2 April 2023 on Zee Bangla. The ceremony was hosted by Anirban Bhattacharya, Srabanti Chatterjee and Ankush Hazra.

Anirban Bhattacharya
Anirban Bhattacharya (born 7 October 1986) is an Indian actor, singer, director, music composer, lyricist, voice artist and author. Bhattyacharya won ABP Ananda Sera Bangali Award in 2022. In 2017, Bhattacharya won  WBFJA Awards for Best Promising Actor of The Year.
Religion in Peja District
The District of Peja (Albanian: Pejë or Peja; Serbian: Пећ or Peć; Turkish: İpek) is one of the biggest districts located in the northern hemisphere of Kosovo. Istog and Klina are the two biggest cities after Peja belonging to this particular district. During the course of history, numerous religions dominated in the aforementioned district starting from Illyrian ‘polytheist religions’, to Catholicism to Islam. Despite the numerous ethnic frictions in the region, its diverse religious groups have practiced their faiths openly and have largely lived in harmony.

Klina
Klina (Albanian definite form: Klinë; Serbian Cyrillic: Клина) is a town and municipality located in the District of Peja of north-western Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town of Klina has 5,542 inhabitants, while the municipality has 38,496 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the river Klina into the White Drin. A symbol of Klina are the Mirusha Waterfalls. 
On 25 July 2025 a temperature of 42.5 °C (108.5 °F) was registered in Klina, the highest ever temperature registered in Kosovo.
Harris Manchester College, Oxford
Harris Manchester College (HMC), officially Manchester Academy and Harris College, is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

It was founded in Warrington in 1757 as the Warrington Academy, a college for Unitarian students and moved to Oxford in 1893 . It became a full college of the university in 1996, taking its current name to commemorate its predecessor the Manchester Academy and a benefaction by Lord Harris of Peckham.

The college's postgraduate and undergraduate places are exclusively for students aged 21 years or over. With around 100 undergraduates and 150 postgraduates, Harris Manchester is the smallest undergraduate college in either of the Oxbridge universities.

Oxbridge
Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest, wealthiest, and most prestigious universities of the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism.
Maranta (plant)
Maranta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Marantaceae, native to tropical Central and South America and the West Indies. Maranta was named for Bartolomeo Maranta, an Italian physician and botanist of the sixteenth century.

About 40-50 species are currently recognized. They all have rhizomes and naturally form perennial clumps. The crowded oval, evergreen leaves are undivided with sheathing stalks. The leaves are flat by day and folded up as the day comes to an end, hence the common name "prayer plant" which attaches to the genus and its species - notably M. leuconeura. The flowers are small with three petals and two larger petal-like staminodes.

Bartolomeo Maranta
Bartolomeo Maranta, also Bartholomaeus Marantha (1500 – 24 March 1571) was an Italian physician, botanist, and literary theorist.

The Marantaceae, a family of herbaceous perennials related to the gingers, are named after him. His name was also given to a street in Rome.
Chilcotin War
The Chilcotin War, or the Chilcotin Uprising, occured in 1864 between members of the Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) people and the Colony of British Columbia. It began when fourteen settlers employed by Alfred Waddington in the building of a road from Bute Inlet through Tsilhqot'in territory were killed, as well as a number of men with a pack-train near Anahim Lake and a settler at Puntzi Lake.

Five Tsilhqot'in chiefs (Tellot, Klattasine, Tah-pitt, Piele, and Chessus) were arrested and charged with murder. In defence of their actions, Klattasine said they were waging a defensive war and not committing murder, although all five were found guilty and sentenced to hang. In 2014, the provincial government of British Columbia exonerated the Tsilhqot'in leaders, and in 2018 the federal government of Canada formally apologised for the executions.

New Westminster
New Westminster (colloquially known as New West, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓: sӽəyəməɬ) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District.

It was founded in 1858 by Richard Clement Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia, and served as such until the mainland and Vancouver Island colonies were merged to form the new Colony of British Columbia in 1866. It was the British Columbia mainland's largest city from its foundation until the first decade of the 20th century, when it was surpassed in population by Vancouver.

It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.
2007 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem
The 2007 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Fés, Morocco that was part of the Tier IV category of the 2007 WTA Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 14 May until 20 May 2007. Unseeded Milagros Sequera won the singles title.

WTA Tier IV tournaments
The WTA Tier IV tournaments were Women's Tennis Association fourth-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled. Some of the tournaments became Tier V events between 1990 and 1992, and later from 2001 to 2005, before being integrated back into Tier IV.

From 2009 WTA Tour, WTA changed the tournament categories, so that most of the Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from 2008 were in one category, WTA International tournaments.
William S. Allen
William Sylvester Allen (August 26, 1857 – December 6, 1926) was an American politician and lawyer.

Born in Hillsboro, Henry County, Iowa, Allen went to the Hillsboro Public Schools. He then graduated from University of Iowa and was admitted to the Iowa bar. Allen practiced law in Birmingham, Van Buren County, Iowa. He served as mayor of Birmingham and on the Birmingham School Board. From 1894 to 1898, Allen served in the Iowa House of Representatives and was a Republican. He then served in the Iowa State Senate from 1909 to 1913. From 1913 to 1919, Allen served as Iowa Secretary of State. He then continued to practice law in Fairfield, Iowa, where he died.

Van Buren County, Iowa
Van Buren County (/væn ˈbjʊərən/ van BURE-ən) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census the population was 7,203, making it the state's tenth-least populous county. The county seat is Keosauqua, which contains the oldest continuously operational courthouse in Iowa, and second-oldest in the United States.
Central Park Luas stop
Central Park (Irish: An Pháirc Láir) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, County Dublin, Ireland. It opened in 2010 as a stop on the extension of the Green Line south from Sandyford to Brides Glen.

Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown (Irish: Dún Laoghaire–Ráth an Dúin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and the Eastern and Midland Region. It is one of three successor counties to County Dublin, which was disestablished in 1994. It is named after the former borough of Dún Laoghaire and the barony of Rathdown. Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 233,860 at the time of the 2022 census.
Colombia–Peru relations
Colombia–Peru relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Colombia and the Republic of Peru. Both nations are members of the World Trade Organitation,Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Lima Group, Organization of Ibero-American States, Organization of American States, Pacific Alliance and the United Nations.

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is a bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states, consisting of 33 countries, and has five official working languages. It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States (OAS), and includes all OAS member states (except the United States and Canada) plus includes the nations of Nicaragua and Cuba. Initially proposed on February 23, 2010, at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit, CELAC is seen as the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development (CALC). CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and to reduce hegemony within the politics and economics of the region. The date of creation was on December 3, 2011, in Caracas, Venezuela, with the signing of the Declaration of Caracas. As of 2013, CELAC possesses a population of roughly 600 million.
Florence Cassez
Florence Marie Louise Cassez Crépin (born 17 November 1974) is a French woman who was convicted in Mexico for her alleged involvement with the kidnapping gang Los Zodíacos. She was sentenced to 60 years in prison for kidnapping, organized crime, and illegal possession of firearms. The case, along with a possible extradition to France, generated diplomatic tensions between both countries. Cassez denied all charges.

On 23 January 2013, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ordered her immediate release after determining that authorities had violated her rights by staging her arrest for the media the day after it actually occurred. She was repatriated to France on 24 January 2013.

Criminal possession of a weapon
Criminal possession of a weapon is the unlawful possession of a weapon by an individual. It may also be an additional crime if a violent offense was committed with a deadly weapon or firearm.

Such crimes are public order crimes and are considered mala prohibita, in that the possession of a weapon in and of itself is not evil. Rather, the potential for use in acts of unlawful violence creates a perceived need to control them. Some restrictions are strict liability, whereas others require some element of intent to use the weapon for an illegal purpose. Some regulations allow a citizen to obtain a license or other authorization to possess the weapon under certain circumstances. Lawful uses of weapons by civilians commonly include hunting, sport, collection and self-defense.
Norfolk Tars
The Norfolk Tars were a minor league baseball team that existed on and off from 1906 to 1955. Based in Norfolk, Virginia, they played in the Virginia League from 1906 to 1918 and from 1921 to 1928, in the Eastern League from 1931 to 1932 and in the Piedmont League from 1934 to 1955; during this latter period they were also affiliated with the New York Yankees. Their home field was Bain Field until 1940 and Myers Field from 1940 to 1955. The club folded after playing its final game on July 13, 1955, an 11–3 victory over the Sunbury Redlegs before a crowd of 851. The 1952 Tars were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time.

Sunbury Indians
The Sunbury Indians were a minor league baseball team based in Sunbury, Pennsylvania. They began play in the Interstate League in 1939 as the Sunbury Senators and were renamed the Sunbury Indians in 1940. Despite the nicknames, they were unaffiliated with any major league baseball team. They played at Meredith Park. The team relocated to Hagerstown, Maryland, after the 1940 season as the Hagerstown Owls.
John Fenwick Kitto
John Fenwick Kitto (31 December 1837 – 13 April 1903) was an English Anglican clergyman and author. He founded and participated in various charitable causes, with a focus on London's East End. He served in positions including Rector of Whitechapel, Rector of Stepney, Vicar of St Martin-in-the-Fields, and Honorary Chaplain to the Queen.

St Martin-in-the-Fields
St Martin-in-the-Fields is a Church of England parish church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Dedicated in honour of Saint Martin of Tours, there has been a church on the site since at least the medieval period. This location, at that time, was farmlands and fields beyond the London wall.

St Martin's became a principal parish church west of the old City in the early modern period as Westminster's population grew. When its medieval and Jacobean structure was found to be near failure, the present building was constructed in an influential neoclassical design by James Gibbs in 1722–1726. The church is one of the visual anchors adding to the open-urban space around Trafalgar Square.
Artayctes
Artaÿctes (Greek: Ἀρταΰκτης, romanized: Artauktēs; died 479 BC) is a historical figure described in Herodotus' The Histories. Artaÿctes, the son of Cherasmis, was a Persian general who commanded the Macrones and Mossynoeci forces in the army of Xerxes during the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480-479 BC. During that period, Artaÿctes was also a tyrant in Sestos where he was captured and crucified by Athenian forces in 479.

Mossynoeci
Mossynoeci (Georgian: მოსინიკები, Ancient Greek: Μοσσύνοικοι, Mossünoikoi, modern Greek Mossyniki, "dwellers in wooden towers") is a name that the Greeks of the Euxine Sea (Black Sea) applied to the peoples of Pontus, the northern Anatolian coast west of Trebizond. The Mossynoeci were believed to be of proto-Georgian origin.
Welton Gite
Welton Gite is a bass guitarist, composer and arranger.

Gite moved to New Orleans at age 11 and began playing bass at the age of 12. He moved to Los Angeles in 1975 and began his 53-year road/studio musician journey, touring with many artists from all genres of music, such as Marvin Gaye, Marlena Shaw, Billy Preston, Willie Bobo, Ronnie and Hubert Laws, Alphonse Mouzon, The Jacksons, Cheryl Lynn, Luther Vandross, Thelma Houston, Sister Sledge, Shalamar, John Kay & Steppenwolf and many others.

Willie Bobo
William Correa (February 28, 1934 – September 15, 1983), better known by his stage name Willie Bobo, was an American Latin jazz percussionist and jazz drummer of Puerto Rican descent. Bobo rejected the stereotypical expectations of Latino music and was noted for his versatility as an authentic Latin percussionist as well as a jazz drummer easily moving stylistically from jazz, Latin, and rhythm and blues music.
Estefanía Durán Ortiz
Estefanía Durán Ortiz (born 10 November 1969) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In 2012 she served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico.

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Nexeya
Nexeya is a French company specialising in the design and development of electronic equipment for the aeronautics, defence, energy, rail, and aerospace sectors. With more than 800 employees, its primary establishments are located in Toulouse, Massy (Essonne) and La Couronne (Charente). In 2019, the company became a subsidiary of the German company Hensoldt. Space and defense activities have, however, been retained in a new company, called Hemeria, which employs 200 people and has a turnover of €36 million.

La Couronne, Charente
La Couronne (French pronunciation: [la kuʁɔn]) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

The commune lies to the southwest of Angoulême.
Jean-Edmond Laroche-Joubert (1820–1884) was born in La Couronne.
He established two modern paper manufacturing plants in La Couronne, L’Escalier and Girac, where he installed second-generation machines almost 12 metres (39 ft) long making sheets of paper 1.25 to 1.5 metres (4 ft 1 in to 4 ft 11 in) wide.
Snydertown, New Jersey
Snydertown is an unincorporated community located within East Amwell Township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The settlement is located on the southern face of Sourland Mountain at the intersection of Linvale Road and Snydertown Road. In the past, a mill operated in Snydertown.

Sourland Mountain
Sourland Mountain is a 17 miles (27 km) long ridge in central New Jersey, U.S., extending from the Delaware River at Lambertville to the western end of Hillsborough Township near the community of Neshanic, through Montgomery Township and into Hopewell Township in Mercer County.   It comprises the largest contiguous forest in Central Jersey, nearly 90 square miles (233 km2) in area.  The highest point is only 568 feet (173 m) above sea level, but the way it rises steeply from the surrounding farmland has earned it the title of 'mountain'.  The ridge itself sits within a larger area of rough terrain called The Sourlands.
1904 Yale Bulldogs football team
The 1904 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1904 college football season. The Bulldogs finished with a 10–1 record under first-year head coach Charles D. Rafferty.  The team outscored its opponents by a combined 220 to 20 score with the only loss being by an 11–6 score to Army.

Four Yale players (quarterback Foster Rockwell, end Tom Shevlin, tackle James Hogan, and guard Ralph Kinney) were consensus picks for the 1904 College Football All-America Team.

1904 college football season
The 1904 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listing Michigan, Minnesota, and Penn as having been selected national champions.

1904 was a big year for the South. It was the first year for: Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt, Mike Donahue at Auburn, and John Heisman at Georgia Tech.
Charlie Inzon
Charlie Malapitan Inzon OMI (born November 24, 1965) is a Filipino bishop and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as Metropolitan Archbishop of Cotabato. He previously served as the Apostolic Vicar of Jolo from 2020 to 2025.

Notre Dame University (Philippines)
Notre Dame University (NDU) is a private Catholic research basic and higher education institution run by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate in Cotabato, Philippines. It was founded by the Oblates in 1948 and has been a member of the Notre Dame Educational Association, a group of schools in the Philippines named Notre Dame. The Association is under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Notre Dame University has academic programs in graduate school, law, liberal arts,  arts and sciences, engineering, nursing, accountancy, business administration, computer studies and education, as well as secondary, elementary, and preparatory education.
Thomas Cajetan
Thomas Cajetan OP (/ˈkædʒətən/ KAJ-ə-tən; 20 February 1469 – 9 August 1534), also known as Gaetanus or Cajetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio, was an Italian philosopher, theologian,  the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508 to 1518, and cardinal from 1517 until his death.  He was a leading theologian of his day who is now best known as the spokesman for Catholic opposition to the teachings of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation while he was the Pope's legate in Augsburg, and among Catholics for his extensive commentary on the Summa Theologiae of St. Thomas Aquinas.

He is not to be confused with his contemporary Saint Cajetan, the founder of the Theatines.

Theatines
The Theatines, officially named the Congregation of Clerics Regular (Latin: Ordo Clericorum Regularium; abbreviated CR), are members of a Catholic order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men. The order was founded in virtue of faculties granted by Pope Clement VII on 24 June 1524 in the Brief Exponi Nobis.
Monument Mall
Monument Mall is a shopping centre in central Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The centre is currently owned by Motcomb Estates, the property investment vehicle of David and Simon Reuben, and was purchased for £37m in April 2021.

The Mall opened in 1992 adjacent to the Monument station on the Tyne and Wear Metro. It is also directly in front of Grey's Monument and Grey Street, and has an entrance on Northumberland Street.

Former owners include St Martins Property Group, before being acquired by the retail property company Hammerson for £28m in March 2011, and then sold again to investment firm Aberdeen Standard Investments for £75m in December 2015.

Hammerson
Hammerson PLC is a major British property development and investment company. The firm switched to real estate investment trust (REIT) status when they were introduced in the United Kingdom in January 2007. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index; it is also a constituent of the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Developed Europe index, among others. The majority of Hammerson's portfolio is in the United Kingdom, but it also operates in continental Europe, including operations in France, Ireland, Spain, and Germany. It invests mainly in offices and retail premises.
Dragon Knights
Dragon Knights (ドラゴン騎士団, Doragon Kishi-dan; lit. "Dragon Knight-Group") is a manga series drawn by Mineko Ohkami and published in the monthly Japanese magazine Wings. The manga was licensed in the United States by Tokyopop. The Tokyopop translation is imported to Australia by Madman Entertainment.

The sequel Heavenly Black and Evil White: Dragon Knights 2 follows 500 years after the original story and it is currently ongoing since 2014.

Tokyopop
Tokyopop (styled TOKYOPOP; formerly known as Mixx Entertainment) is an American distributor, licensor and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, as well as original German-language manga. Tokyopop's US publishing division publishes works in English. Tokyopop has its US headquarters near Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.

It is owned by POP Media Holdings. Tokyopop's parent company's offices are in Tokyo, Japan and its sister company's office is in Hamburg, Germany.