hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lal Chowk
Lal Chowk (lit. 'Red Square') is a city square in Srinagar, in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

The square was given its name by left-wing activists who were inspired by the Russian Revolution as they fought the princely state Maharaja, Hari Singh. It has traditionally served as a place for political meetings, with Jawaharlal Nehru (the first prime minister of India) and Sheikh Abdullah of Jammu and Kashmir, respectively, as well as other prominent political leaders having addressed the people from it. The clock tower at Lal Chowk was built in 1980.

Border Security Force
The Border Security Force (BSF) is a central armed police force under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for guarding India's borders with Pakistan and Bangladesh. It was formed in the wake of the Indo-Pak War of 1965 to ensure the security of India's borders and for related matters.

The BSF has grown from 25 battalions in 1965, to 193 battalions with a sanctioned strength of 270,000 personnel including an expanding air wing, water wing, an artillery regiment and specialised units. It is currently the world's largest border security force. BSF has been termed the First Line of Defence of Indian territories.
INS Mormugao
INS Mormugao is the second ship of the Visakhapatnam-class stealth guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy. She was built at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL), and was launched on 17 September 2016. The ship was commissioned on 18 December 2022. She is named after the port city of  Mormugao in Goa.

Stealth ship
A stealth ship is a ship that employs stealth technology construction techniques in an effort to make it harder to detect by one or more of radar, visual, sonar, and infrared methods.

These techniques borrow from stealth aircraft technology, although some aspects such as wake and acoustic signature reduction (acoustic quieting) are unique to stealth ships' design. Although radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is a fairly new concept, many other forms of masking a ship have existed for centuries or even millennia.
Michael Kennedy (Newfoundland politician)
Michael J. Kennedy (1858 – 1917) was a building contractor and politician in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West (provincial electoral district) in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1908 to 1917 as a member of the People's Party.

He was born in St. John's and worked for his father as a plasterer. He started up a construction firm in partnership with his brother in 1892. The company found much work with the rebuilding following the Great Fire of 1892. Kennedy was elected to St. John's municipal council in 1902 and 1906. He died before the end of his last term in the Newfoundland assembly.

St. John's West (provincial electoral district)
St. John's West is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 2011, there were 7,741 eligible voters living within the district.

The district is largely residential and middle class and includes the Cowan Heights area. Prior to 1956, the district was larger and elected two MHAs.

The district is represented by Keith White. It was previously held by Cabinet Minister Siobhan Coady.

From 1949 to 1975, it elected two MHAs through Block voting. Since 1975 it has elected a single MHA through First past the post.
Tungsten disulfide
Tungsten disulfide is an inorganic chemical compound composed of tungsten and sulfur with the chemical formula WS2. This compound is part of the group of materials called the transition metal dichalcogenides. It occurs naturally as the rare mineral tungstenite. This material is a component of certain catalysts used for hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrification.

WS2 adopts a layered structure similar, or isotypic with MoS2, instead with W atoms situated in trigonal prismatic coordination sphere (in place of Mo atoms). Owing to this layered structure, WS2 forms non-carbon nanotubes, which were discovered after heating a thin sample of WS2 in 1992.

Chalcogenide
Cadmium sulfide, a prototypical metal chalcogenide, is used as a yellow pigment.

A chalcogenide is a chemical compound consisting of at least one chalcogen anion and at least one more electropositive element. Although all group 16 elements of the periodic table are defined as chalcogens, the term chalcogenide is more commonly reserved for sulfides, selenides, tellurides, and polonides, rather than oxides. Many metal ores exist as chalcogenides. Photoconductive chalcogenide glasses are used in xerography. Some pigments and catalysts are also based on chalcogenides. The metal dichalcogenide MoS2 is a common solid lubricant.
Alessandro Nunziante
Alessandro Nunziante, Duke of Mignano (30 July 1815 – 6 March 1881), was an Italian general and politician of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and, from 1861, the Kingdom of Italy.

While an officer in the Bourbon Army, Nunziante was a reactionary. Although he was a friend of Ferdinand II and close collaborator with Francis II, he left the Bourbon court in 1860, resigning and returning his honors, and joined the Italian unification effort.

Order of Leopold (Austria)
The Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold (German: Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden) (Hungarian: Osztrák Császári Lipót-rend) was founded by Franz I of Austria on 8 January 1808 for military merit. The order's statutes stipulated only three grades: Grand Cross, Commander and Knight. During the war, in common with the other Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian decorations, war decoration (represented by a laurel wreath) and/or swords were added to reward meritorious service and bravery in the face of the enemy.

An Imperial Decree of 1 February 1901 ordered that in future, the senior grade would be split into two separate awards. From then onwards, there were four ranks: Grand Cross, First Class, Commander, Knight.

Until 18 July 1884, the award of the order also entitled the recipient, if he was not already of that standing, to be raised to the following appointments and/or ranks of the nobility:

Grand Cross: Privy Councillor

Commander:	Baron

Knight: Ritter
Satguru Ram Singh
Namdhari Guru Ram Singh  (3 February 1816 – 1885) is known to the Namdhari sect of Sikhism as the twelfth guru (religious leader), whilst for mainstream Sikhs such as Damdami Taksal and Nihangs, he is regarded as a 'Saint' and not a Guru. He is credited as being the first Indian to use non-cooperation and boycott of British goods and services as a political tool. He was exiled to Rangoon, Burma (Myanmar) by the British colonial government of India on 18 January 1872. In 2016, the Government of India officially decided to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Satguru Ram Singh. The Punjab Government organizes state-level functions on his birth anniversary and has declares a holiday on this occasion. His portrait is displayed at the Indian Parliament and at the Railway Station, Ludhiana.

Nihang
The Nihang (also spelt as Nihung lit. "Crocodiles") or Akali (lit. "Immortals"), also known as Dal Khalsa, is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihangs are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akal Sena" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by Guru Hargobind. Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the Sikh Empire, the Sikh Khalsa Army.
DJ Kentaro
Kentaro Okamoto (born c.1982), better known as DJ Kentaro, is a Japanese musician and DJ. He won third place in the Technics category of the DMC World DJ Final in 2001 and won it in 2002 at the age of 20. In doing so, he became one of the first persons of Asian descent to win the DMC World DJ Final, receiving the highest score in DMC history in the process.

He was signed to independent record label Ninja Tune and released a Solid Steel DJ mix album in September 2005, entitled On The Wheels of Solid Steel. The tracks on the album come exclusively from Ninja Tune's back catalogue.

His first album of entirely original material, Enter, was released on April 30, 2007.

Kentaro recently supported hip-hop artists The Roots and The Pharcyde. Kentaro is well known for having remixed various songs of Japanese megastar Ayumi Hamasaki. Kentaro was featured by Soil & "Pimp" Sessions on their 2013 album "Circles".

DJ mix
A DJ mix, DJ mixset or DJ set is a sequence of musical tracks typically mixed together by a DJ to appear as one continuous track. DJ mixes are usually performed using a DJ mixer and multiple sounds sources, such as turntables, CD players, digital audio players or computer sound cards, sometimes with the addition of samplers and effects units, although it is possible to create one using sound editing software.

DJ mixing is significantly different from live sound mixing. Remix services were offered beginning in the late 1970s in order to provide music which was more easily beatmixed by DJs for the dancefloor. One of the earliest DJs to refine their mixing skills was DJ Kool Herc. Francis Grasso was the first DJ to use headphones and a basic form of mixing at the New York City nightclub Sanctuary. Upon its release in 2000, Paul Oakenfold's Perfecto Presents: Another World became the biggest-selling DJ mix album in the US.
Hendra (name)
Hendra is both an Indonesian surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Lawrence Hendra, pictures and prints expert for BBC's Antiques Roadshow

Imay Hendra (born 1970), Indonesian badminton player

Tiffany Hendra (born 1971), American actress and television personality

Tony Hendra (1941–2021), British actor and author

Given name:

Hendra Aprida Gunawan (born 1982), Indonesian badminton player

Hendra Bayauw (born 1993), Indonesian footballer

Hendra Ridwan (born 1985), Indonesian footballer

Hendra Setiawan (born 1984), Indonesian badminton player

Galang Hendra Pratama (born 1999), Indonesian motorcycle rider

Galang Hendra Pratama
Galang Hendra Pratama (born 10 March 1999) is an Indonesian motorcycle rider competing in Supersport World 300 Championship. He is the first Indonesian rider to win a motorcycle race on world championship level.
Cesare Pavese
Cesare Pavese (UK: /pæˈveɪzeɪ, -zi/ pav-AY-zay, -⁠zee; Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare paˈveːze, ˈtʃɛː-, -eːse]; 9 September 1908 – 27 August 1950) was an Italian novelist, poet, short story writer, translator, literary critic, and essayist. He is often referred to as one of the most influential Italian writers of his time.

Pavese was reportedly apolitical in the 1930s, but he was moving in antifascist circles. He served a short sentence as a political prisoner. Though eligible for drafting into the Italian Armed Forces during World War II, he did not see any active service. He spent part of the war hospitalized due to asthma. Many of his friends in Turin joined the partisans,  but Pavese took no part in the armed struggle in the vicinity of the city. After the war, Pavese joined the Italian Communist Party and worked on the party's newspaper, L'Unità.  Toward the end of his life, he was suffering from depression and political disillusionment. He committed suicide by an overdose of barbiturates.

Italian Armed Forces
The Italian Armed Forces (Italian: Forze armate italiane, pronounced [ˈfɔrtse arˈmaːte itaˈljaːne]) encompass the Italian Army, the Italian Navy and the Italian Air Force. A fourth branch of the armed forces, known as the Carabinieri, take on the role as the nation's military police and are also involved in missions and operations abroad as a combat force. Despite not being a branch of the armed forces, the Guardia di Finanza is organized along military lines.

These five forces comprise a total of 340,885 men and women with the official status of active military personnel, of which 167,057 are in the Army, Navy and Air Force. The President of Italy heads the armed forces as the President of the High Council of Defence established by article 87 of the Constitution of Italy. According to article 78, the Parliament has the authority to declare a state of war and vest the powers to lead the war in the Government.
Rose Royale
Rose Royale (1954 – 1957) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse. After showing modest form as a juvenile in France she emerged as a top-class performer in the first half of 1957 when she was an unlucky second in the Princess Elizabeth Stakes before winning the 1000 Guineas and finishing third in the Epsom Oaks. In the autumn she added victories in the Prix du Moulin and the Champion Stakes but died at the end of the year.

Champion Stakes
The Champion Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 1 furlong and 212 yards (2,004 metres), and it is scheduled to take place as part of British Champions Day each year in October.
Diène
Diène is a typical Serer patronym in Senegal. It can also be a Serer first name for a female, which can be inherited as middle name from the mother. In English speaking Gambia, the variantes of this surname (also worn by the Serers) include Jein. People carrying this name include :

Doudou Diène (born 1941), former United Nations Special Rapporteur.

Louis Diène Faye (born 1936), anthropologist and author on Serer religion.

For Laba Diène Ngom - the 19th century historical figure during the reign of Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, see Saltigue and the Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (also called the Battle of Somb).

Doudou Diène
Doudou Diène (French pronunciation: [dudu djɛn]; born 1941) is a Senegalese jurist. He was United Nations Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance from 2002–2008.
Glomeris hexasticha
Glomeris hexasticha, also known as the eastern six-striped pill millipede or the diagonal-striped pill millipede, is a species of pill millipede within the family Glomeridae and order Glomerida. The pill millipede is widely distributed within many European countries, with the species consisting of over twenty subspecies.

Pill millipede
Pill millipedes are any members of two living (and one extinct) orders of millipedes, often grouped together into a single superorder, Oniscomorpha. The name Oniscomorpha refers to the millipedes' resemblance to certain woodlice (Oniscidea), also called pillbugs or roly-polies. However, millipedes and woodlice are not closely related (belonging to the subphyla Myriapoda and Crustacea, respectively); rather, this is a case of convergent evolution.
Second Battle of Porto
The Second Battle of Porto, also known as the Battle of the Douro or the Crossing of the Douro, took place on 12 May 1809. General Arthur Wellesley's Anglo-Portuguese Army defeated Marshal Soult's French troops and took back the city of Porto.  After taking command of the British troops in Portugal on 22 April, Wellesley (later named 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess Douro) immediately advanced on Porto and made a surprise crossing of the Douro River, approaching Porto where its defences were weak. Soult's late attempts to muster a defence were in vain. The French quickly abandoned the city in a disorderly retreat.

This battle ended the Second French invasion of Portugal. Soult soon found his retreat route to the east blocked and was forced to destroy his guns and burn his baggage train. Wellesley pursued the French army, but Soult's army escaped annihilation by fleeing through the mountains.

Vila Nova de Gaia
Vila Nova de Gaia (European Portuguese: [ˈvilɐ ˈnɔvɐ ðɨ ˈɣajɐ] ⓘ), or simply Gaia, is a city and a municipality in Porto District in Norte Region, Portugal. It is located south of the city of Porto on the other side of the Douro River.  The city proper had a population of 178,255 in 2001. The municipality has an area of 168.46 square kilometres (65.04 mi2) and a population of 303,824 inhabitants in 2021, making it the most populous municipality in Norte Region, and the third most populous in the country, after Lisbon and Sintra. Gaia along with Porto and 16 other municipalities make up the Porto metropolitan area.

The city contains many cellars (locally known as "caves") where port wine is stored and aged. These cellars have become a major tourist attraction.
Adolf Ogi
Adolf Ogi (Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈoːɡi]; born 18 July 1942) is a Swiss politician who most recently served as Special Advisor to the UN Secretary General on Sport for Development and Peace from 2001 to 2008. He previously served as member of the Federal Council (Switzerland) for the Swiss People's Party from 1987 to 2000. He held the Presidency of the Swiss Confederation twice in 1993 and 2000.

Between 1979 and 1987, Ogi represented the Canton of Bern in the National Council (Switzerland). He was among the rare examples of politicians in the Swiss parliament not having received a traditional tertiary education. Ogi is also known for his significant achievements in the Swiss Olympic Association serving as its president from 2001 to 2008. After leaving federal office he has been an advocate for peace building on a global scale.

Swiss Olympic Association
The Swiss Olympic Association (IOC Code: SUI) is the National Olympic Committee and the umbrella organisation for organised Swiss sport under private law. It has 104 members (81 national sports federations and 23 partner organisations), to which some two million people belong, practising sports in about 19,000 clubs. Swiss Olympic has its headquarters in the House of Sports in Ittigen near Bern. Swiss Olympic represents Olympic as well as non-Olympic sports and is a non-profit organisation. The big sports federations are divided into regional and cantonal associations. Former Federal Councillor Ruth Metzler has been President since January 2025. Roger Schnegg has been Director since January 2012.
Not Happy, John
Not Happy, John is a book written by Margo Kingston, an Australian journalist and political commentator. It outlines why she is not happy with then Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, and his policies for Australia. Many opinions published on Margo Kingston's Webdiary made their way into the book. The book inspired the 'Not happy, John!' campaign to oppose the re-election of John Howard as member for Bennelong in the 2004 Australian federal election.

Not Happy, John is written in five parts:

John's Australia

My Australia

Whose Australia?

Their Australia

Our Australia

Not Happy, John was published Penguin Books in 2004. The book was launched by Tony Fitzgerald QC.

On 3 August 2007, the publishing director of Penguin Australia, Bob Sessions, asked Margo Kingston to update Not Happy, John.  Still not Happy, John! was published on 1 October 2007.  The title is taken from a television ad campaign, with the catchphrase Not happy, Jan!

Tony Fitzgerald
Gerald Edward "Tony" Fitzgerald AC KC (born 26 November 1941) is an Australian former Australian judge, who presided over the Fitzgerald Inquiry. The report from the inquiry led to the resignation of the Premier of Queensland Joh Bjelke-Petersen, and the jailing of several ministers and a police commissioner. He was the youngest person to be appointed as a judge of the Federal Court of Australia.
Dhe (Cyrillic)
Ze with descender or Dhe (Ҙ ҙ; italics: Ҙ ҙ), is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in both the Bashkir and Wakhi languages, where it represents the voiced dental fricative /ð/ (like the th in this) and the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate /d͡z/ (like the ds in lads) respectively. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Ze (З з З з). It is romanized as Z with acute ⟨ź⟩ for Bashkir, and corresponds with Ezh ⟨ʒ⟩ in the Latin script of the Wakhi language and the Shughni language.

The letter itself was introduced in 1939.

Shughni language
Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Its distribution is in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan, Chitral district in Pakistan and Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in China.

Shughni-Rushani tends towards SOV word order, distinguishes a masculine and feminine gender in nouns and some adjectives, as well as the 3rd person singular of verbs. Shughni distinguishes between an absolutive and an oblique case in its system of pronouns. Rushani is noted for a typologically unusual 'double-oblique' construction, also called a 'transitive case', in the past tense. Normally Soviet school scientists consider Rushani as a close but independent language to Shughni, while Western school scientists codes Rushani as a dialect of Shughni due to Afghanistan Rushani speakers living in the Shighnan district of Badakhshan Province.
Phytophthora quercina
Phytophthora quercina is a papillate homothallic soil-borne plant pathogen causing root rot of oak tree species in Europe. It is associated with necrotic fine roots.

In culture, this species shows a uniform, dome-shaped and cottonwool-like colony growth pattern. It also frequently presents sympodially branched primary hyphae, a high proportion of elongated, ellipsoid or ovoid oogonia, the absence of amphigynous antheridia. Its sporangia vary greatly in size and shape.

Its name derives from Greek Phytophthora φυτόν (phytón), “plant” and φθορά (phthorá), “destruction,” and quercina stems from the affected genus, Quercus.

Sympodial branching
In botany, sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, also referred to as a sympode or pseudaxis, is the primary shoot, comprising the stronger branches, formed during sympodial growth. The pattern is similar to dichotomous branching; it is characterized by branching along stems or hyphae.

Sympodial growth occurs when the apical meristem is terminated and growth is continued by one or more lateral meristems, which repeat the process. The apical meristem may be consumed to make an inflorescence or other determinate structure, or it may be aborted.
Blastoma
A blastoma is a type of cancer, more common in children, that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells, often called blasts. Examples are nephroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and retinoblastoma. The suffix -blastoma is used to imply a tumor of primitive, incompletely differentiated (or precursor) cells, e.g., chondroblastoma is composed of cells resembling the precursor of chondrocytes.

Precursor cell
In cell biology, precursor cells—also called blast cells—are partially differentiated, or intermediate, and are sometimes referred to as progenitor cells. A precursor cell is a stem cell with the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type, meaning they are unipotent stem cells. In embryology, precursor cells are a group of cells that later differentiate into one organ. However, progenitor cells are considered multipotent.

Due to their contribution to the development of various organs and cancers, precursor and progenitor cells have many potential uses in medicine. There is ongoing research on using these cells to build heart valves, blood vessels, and other tissues by using blood and muscle precursor cells.
Lady Baltimore (eagle)
Lady Baltimore was a non-releasable bald eagle in the care of the non-profit Juneau Raptor Center (JRC), in Juneau, Alaska. Lady Baltimore was found shot and injured on Alaska's Douglas Island in 2006. She had suffered injuries to her beak and one wing caused by a poacher. The injury to her beak caused the retina in her left eye to become detached, blinding her in that eye. Because of these injuries she had no depth perception, and could not be released into the wild.

Douglas Island
Douglas Island (Tlingit: Deishú Áakʼw) is a tidal island in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is part of the city and borough of Juneau, just west of downtown Juneau and east of Admiralty Island. It is separated from mainland Juneau by the Gastineau Channel, and contains the communities of Douglas and West Juneau.