hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-625
German submarine U-625 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 28 July 1941 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg, launched on 15 April 1942, and commissioned on 4 June 1942 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Benker.

After training with 8th U-boat Flotilla, U-625 was transferred to 3rd U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 October 1942. She was soon transferred again, to 11th U-boat Flotilla on 1 November 1942, then again to 13th U-boat Flotilla on 1 June 1943, and finally to 1st U-boat Flotilla on 1 November 1943.

U-625 completed ten patrols, torpedoed three merchant ships, and sank two auxiliary warships with mines. The boat was sunk on 10 March 1944 off the west coast of Ireland by depth charges from a Canadian Sunderland patrol bomber EK591 "2U" from No. 422 Squadron RCAF.

Blohm+Voss
Blohm+Voss (B+V), also written historically as Blohm & Voss, Blohm und Voß etc., is a German shipbuilding and engineering company. Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships, its most famous product was the World War II battleship Bismarck. In the 1930s, its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, adopted the name of its parent company. Following a difficult period after the war, B+V was revived, changing ownership among several owners, such as Thyssen Group and Star Capital.

In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and supplied both the military and civilian markets before becoming subsidiary of Rheinmetall in 2025.

The company  serves two areas – new construction of warships as NVL B.V. & Co. KG, and new construction and refitting of megayachts.
Equivariant index theorem
In differential geometry, the equivariant index theorem, of which there are several variants, computes the (graded) trace of an element of a compact Lie group acting in given setting in terms of the integral over the fixed points of the element. If the element is neutral, then the theorem reduces to the usual index theorem.

The classical formula such as the Atiyah–Bott formula is a special case of the theorem.

Fixed point (mathematics)
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically, for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function. Any set of fixed points of a transformation is also an invariant set.
2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open
The 2014 Qatar Open (also known as 2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Qatar Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, from 30 December 2013 until 5 January 2014. First-seeded Rafael Nadal won the singles title.

2014 ATP World Tour
The 2014 ATP World Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2014 tennis season. The 2014 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
The Next Generation: Patlabor
The Next Generation: Patlabor (Japanese: The Next Generation パトレイバー) is a Japanese science fiction live action series and part of the Patlabor franchise. It was produced by Tohokushinsha and distributed by Shochiku. It consists of a drama series and movie.

Tohokushinsha Film
Tohokushinsha Film Corporation (株式会社東北新社, Kabushiki gaisha Tōhokushinsha) is a Japanese film distributor, production company and dubbing studio based in Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo. It was founded in 1961 by Banjirō Uemura (who was also once the head of the Japanese branch of ITC Entertainment) as a dubbing house for foreign films; members of the Uemura family continue as its largest shareholders.
Common pochard
The common pochard (/ˈpɒtʃərd/; Aythya ferina), known simply as pochard in the United Kingdom, is a medium-sized diving duck in the family Anatidae. It is widespread across the Palearctic. It breeds primarily in the steppe regions of Scandinavia and Siberia, and winters farther south and west.

Anatidae
The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and, in some cases, diving in at least shallow water. The family contains around 174 species in 43 genera (the magpie goose is no longer considered to be part of the Anatidae and is now placed in its own family, Anseranatidae).

They are generally herbivorous and are monogamous breeders. A number of species undertake annual migrations. A few species have been domesticated for agriculture, and many others are hunted for food and recreation. Five species have become extinct since 1600, and many more are threatened with extinction.
Ranong United F.C.
Ranong United Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลระนอง ยูไนเต็ด) is a Thai professional football club based in Ranong province. The club currently plays in Thai League 3. The club changed its name to Ranong United in 2015, following the change of its chairman.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Leović
Leović (Serbian Cyrillic: Леовић) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Ljubovija municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 318 in 2002.

Mačva District
The Mačva District (Serbian: Мачвански округ, romanized: Mačvanski okrug, pronounced [mǎtʃʋanskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the western part of Serbia, in the geographical regions of Mačva, Podrinje, Posavina, and Pocerina. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 265,377 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Mačva District is the city of Šabac.
Monte Fallano Plattenkalk
The Monte Fallano Plattenkalk (Also known as Calcari Oolitici et Oncolitici) is a geological formation in Italy, dating to roughly between 171 and 165 million years ago, and covering the Bajocian-Bathonian stages of the Middle Jurassic Period in southern Italy. It represents a Fossillagerstätte preserving a diverse assemblage of fossils.

Bajocian
In the geologic timescale, the Bajocian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 170.9 ± 0.8 Ma to around 168.2 ± 1.2 Ma (million years ago). The Bajocian Age succeeds the Aalenian Age and precedes the Bathonian Age.
Nelson Oyoo
Nelson Oyoo (born 26 June 1994) is a Kenyan rugby sevens player. Born in Molo, Nakuru County, he attended Molo Academy and later Njoro Boys' High School for his A-levels.  He competed in the men's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was also selected for the Kenyan squad for the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town and is the captain for the kenyan side

Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's rugby sevens tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held in Japan. It was hosted at Tokyo Stadium, which also served as a host stadium of the 2019 Rugby World Cup. The tournament was played over three days from 26 to 28 July 2021. The tournament was won by the returning champions, Fiji.
Gasba music
Gasba or tamja is a musical style based on a wind instrument of the same name (gasba literally means "reed" in the Berber language), which is widespread in Tunisia, Algeria (among Chawis of north-east Algeria and Oran in the northwest), and in Morocco, (in the eastern Rif (Al Hoceima, Driouch, Nador, Berkane) Oujda, Beni Mathar and Bouarfa and by Jilala brotherhood).

Oujda
Oujda (Arabic: وجدة, romanized: wajda, pronounced [ˈwa(d)ʒda]) is a major city in northeast Morocco near the border with Algeria. Oujda is the largest city and capital of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of 506,224 people (2024 census). It is located about 15 kilometres (9 miles) west of the Moroccan-Algerian border in the south of the Beni Iznassen Mountains and about 55 km (34 miles) south of the Mediterranean coast.
I, the Jury (1953 film)
I, the Jury is a 1953 American film noir crime film directed  by Harry Essex and starring Biff Elliot, Preston Foster, Peggie Castle and Margaret Sheridan. It was written by Essex based on the 1947 novel I, the Jury by Mickey Spillane. It was produced by Victor Saville's company, Parklane Pictures and released through United Artists.

The film is notable for being the first based on a Mike Hammer novel. It was filmed in 3-D and was available with stereophonic sound.

The story begins with Mike Hammer on the vengeance trail when Jack, a friend, is murdered. Hammer sets out to find the killer, working his way through an increasingly large pile of suspects (and corpses).

Mickey Spillane
Frank Morrison Spillane (/spɪˈleɪn/; March 9, 1918 – July 17, 2006), better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American crime novelist, called the "king of pulp fiction". He was best-known for stories featuring his signature detective character, Mike Hammer.

Spillane's total sales rank him among the most successful fiction authors of the modern era with estimates of between 100 million to more than 200 million copies sold. Spillane was also an occasional actor, once even playing Hammer himself in the 1963 film The Girl Hunters.
Neyman Type A distribution
In statistics and probability, the Neyman Type A distribution is a discrete probability distribution from the family of Compound Poisson distribution. First of all, to easily understand this distribution we will demonstrate it with the following example explained in Univariate Discret Distributions; we have a statistical model of the distribution of larvae in a unit area of field (in a unit of habitat) by assuming that the variation in the number of clusters of eggs per unit area (per unit of habitat) could be represented by a Poisson distribution with parameter , while the number of larvae developing per cluster of eggs are assumed to have independent Poisson distribution all with the same parameter . If we want to know how many larvae there are, we define a random variable Y as the sum of the number of larvae hatched in each group (given j groups). Therefore, Y = X1 + X2 + ... X j, where X1,...,Xj are independent Poisson variables with parameter  and .

Probability mass function
In probability and statistics, a probability mass function (sometimes called probability function or frequency function) is a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value.  Sometimes it is also known as the discrete probability density function. The probability mass function is often the primary means of defining a discrete probability distribution, and such functions exist for either scalar or multivariate random variables whose domain is discrete.

A probability mass function differs from a continuous probability density function (PDF) in that the latter is associated with continuous rather than discrete random variables. A continuous PDF must be integrated over an interval to yield a probability.

The value of the random variable having the largest probability mass is called the mode.
Rufus E. Lester
Rufus Ezekiel Lester (December 12, 1837 – June 16, 1906) was a U.S. representative from Georgia.

Born near Waynesboro, Georgia, Lester graduated from Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, in 1857. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in Savannah, Georgia, and commenced practice in 1859. He entered the military service of the Confederate States Army in 1861 and served throughout the Civil War. He resumed the practice of law in Savannah. He served as member of the Georgia State Senate in 1870–1879 and served as president of that body during the last three years. He served as mayor of Savannah from 1883 to 1889. He was also a slave owner.

Lester was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first and to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1889, until his death in Washington, D.C., on June 16, 1906. He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses).

Waynesboro, Georgia
Waynesboro (/ˈweɪnzbʌroʊ/) is a city and the county seat of Burke County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,472 at the 2024 census. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area.

Waynesboro is 37 minutes south of downtown Augusta by car via US 25. Waynesboro is known as "The Bird Dog Capital of the World". The Waynesboro Commercial Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Isoglossa nervosa
Isoglossa nervosa is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial or subshrub native to southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko island in Equatorial Guinea. Its natural habitat is tropical montane forest from 2,000 to 2,950 meters elevation.

It has been recorded at Pico Basilé on Bioko, on Mount Cameroon and Mann's Spring, Bokwangwo, Bamboutos, Mount Oku, and the Adamawa Plateau in Cameroon, and Mabile-Ngelyaki in Nigeria. It grows in upper montane forest with Podocarpus milanjianus, Prunus africana, Myrsine melanophloeos, Nuxia congesta, and Syzygium guineense, as well as bamboo thicket, forest-grassland transition thickets, and montane grassland.

Mount Oku
Mount Oku, or Kilum Mountain, is the largest volcano in the Oku Massif, in the Cameroon Volcanic Line, located in the Oku region of the Western High Plateau of Cameroon.
It is the second highest mountain in mainland Central Africa.
The stratovolcano rises to 3,011 metres (9,879 ft) above sea level, and is cut by a large caldera.
Greg Duhaime
Greg Duhaime (August 11, 1953 – October 28, 1992) was a Canadian track and field athlete and one-time Canadian record holder in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He was born in Espanola, Ontario.

Duhaime is a four-time Canadian champion in the men's 3000 m steeplechase (1980-1982 and 1984), and a one-time national champion in the men's 5000 metres (1980).

Duhaime was one of many athletes to not compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics because of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott against Moscow, they participated in the Liberty Bell Classic (an alternative meet for the Olympic Boycott) in Philadelphia instead. He won a bronze medal at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in the steeplechase. Duhaime was gay, and one of only a handful of openly gay Olympians at the time. He died of AIDS in 1992.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) – Women's 800 metre freestyle
The women's 800 metre freestyle event at the 11th FINA World Swimming Championships (25m) took place 13 December 2012 at the Sinan Erdem Dome.  This event was a timed-final where each swimmer swam just once. The top 8 seeded swimmers swam in the evening, and the remaining swimmers swam in the morning session.

World Aquatics Swimming Championships (25m)
The World Aquatics Swimming Championships (25m), formerly known as the FINA World Swimming Championships (25m), also referred to as 'short course worlds', are an international swimming competition staged by the internationally recognized governing body of the sport, World Aquatics (formerly FINA). The championships are staged in a 25m pool, referred to as short course format, and traditionally have been held biennially in alternate years to the World Aquatics Championships. Unlike the World Aquatics Championships, only swimming events are staged at these championships (being one of the six disciplines that form part of the World Aquatics Championships).
Lucien Biva
Lucien Felix Biva (13 August 1878 – October 1965) was a French–American artist. He studied painting early on with his father, the Naturalist painter Henri Biva. He was also the nephew of the painter Paul Biva. Between 1921 and 1949 he was an ornamental designer for textile fabrics and similar articles of manufacture having surface ornamentation, patenting over eighty designs with the United States Patent Office. He was a member of the Society of French Artists and the Society of Independent Artists.

Société des Artistes Français
The Société des Artistes Français (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete dez‿aʁtist(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ], meaning "Society of French Artists") is the association of French painters and sculptors established in 1881. Its annual exhibition is called the "Salon des artistes français" (not to be confused with the better-known Salon, established in 1667).

When the Société was established, it associated all the French artists. Its president was a painter and its vice-president a sculptor. The main task of the Société is to organize the Salon, since the French government ceased to do it.
Noeick River
The Noeick River is a river in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, flowing west out of the northernmost Pacific Ranges to enter saltwater on the east side of South Bentinck Arm, immediately to the north of the mouth of the Taleomey River at Taleomey Narrows.

The locality of South Bentinck is located at the river's mouth.  There was a Nuxalk village, Nuiku, on a raised mound south of the mouth of the Noieck River.  Another village, Kadis, was on the east side of South Bentinck Arm about ¼-mile north of the mouth of the Noieck.

The river originates at the Noeick Glacier, which is to the northwest of Mount Jacobsen.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
East-Tarkosalinskoye gas field
The East-Tarkosalinskoye (Russian: восточно-таркосалинскго, romanized: Vostochno-Tarkosalinsky) gas field is a natural gas field located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered in 1971 and developed by Novatek. It began production in 1994 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the East-Tarkosalinskoye gas field are around 7.013 trillion cubic feet (198 billion m3).
Production peaked in 2006 and by 2023, Novatek had recovered 91% of the recoverable reserves.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг, romanized: Yamalo-Nenetsky avtonomny okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, romanized: Jamaly-Nenjocije awtonomnoj ŋokruk) also known as Yamalia (Russian: Ямалия) is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Novy Urengoy. The 2021 Russian Census recorded its population as 510,490.

The autonomous okrug borders Krasnoyarsk Krai to the east, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to the south, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic to the west.
Kalanit Grill-Spector
Kalanit Grill-Spector (Hebrew: כלנית גריל-ספקטור) is a professor of Psychology at Stanford University and the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford University. She is best known for developing fMRI adaptation, a technique useful for studying the sensitivity of neurons in the brain to changes of a stimulus.

FMRI adaptation
Functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation (FMRIa) is a method of functional magnetic resonance imaging that reads the brain changes occurring in response to long exposure to evocative stimulus. If Stimulus 1 (S1) excites a certain neuronal population, repeated exposure to S1 will result in subsequently attenuated responses. This adaptation may be due to neural fatigue or coupled hemodynamic processes. However, when S1 is followed by a unique stimulus, S2, the response amplitudes should not be attenuated as a fresh sub-population of neurons is excited. Using this technique can allow researchers to determine if the same or unique neuronal groups are involved in processing two stimuli.
Amy Wagoner Johnson
Amy Jaye Wagoner Johnson (born 1974) is an American materials scientist and bioengineer whose research concerns artificial bone, the reconstruction of coral reefs, and the application of biomechanics to female reproductive health. She works at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as a professor in the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering of the Grainger College of Engineering, professor in the Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences of the Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Andersen Faculty Scholar, and (by courtesy) professor in the Department of Bioengineering.

Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, and even proteins using the methods of mechanics. Biomechanics is a branch of biophysics.
Singularia alternaria
Singularia alternaria is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Argentina, Chile and Ecuador.

The wingspan is 13–21 mm. Adults have been recorded from October to February.

The larvae feed on Echium plantagineum, Echium vulgare and Malus sylvestris. They feed on the shoots and flowers.

Echium vulgare
Echium vulgare, known as viper's bugloss and blueweed, is a species of flowering plant in the borage family Boraginaceae. It is native to most of Europe and western and central Asia and it occurs as an introduced species in north-eastern North America, south-western South America and the South and North Island of New Zealand. If eaten, the plant is toxic to horses and cattle through the accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the liver.

The plant root was used in ancient times as a treatment for snake or viper bites. According to the Doctrine of signatures, plants were thought to have traits (in this case a speckled stem reminiscent of snake skin, and flowers like an open viper's mouth) that mirror the ailment they treat.