hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Violence begets violence
The phrase "violence begets violence" (or "hate begets hate") means that violent behavior promotes other violent behavior in return. The phrase has been used since the early 19th century.

Violence begets violence is a concept described in the Gospel of Matthew, verse 26:52. The passage depicts a disciple (identified in the Gospel of John as  Peter) drawing a sword to defend against the arrest of Jesus but being told to sheath his weapon:

"Put your sword back in its place," Jesus said to him, "for all who draw the sword will die by the sword."

Disciple (Christianity)
In Christianity, a disciple is a dedicated follower of Jesus. This term is found in the New Testament only in the Gospels and Acts. Originating in the ancient Near East, the concept of a disciple is an adherent of a teacher. Discipleship is not the same as being a student in the modern sense; a disciple in the ancient biblical world actively imitated both the life and teaching of the master. It was a deliberate apprenticeship which made the fully formed disciple a living copy of the master.

The New Testament records many followers of Jesus during his ministry. Some disciples were given a mission, such as the Little Commission, the commission of the seventy in Luke's Gospel, the Great Commission after the resurrection of Jesus, or the conversion of Paul, making them apostles, charged with proclaiming the gospel (the Good News) to the world. Jesus emphasised that being his disciples would be costly.
Viktor Maslov (mathematician)
Viktor Pavlovich Maslov (Russian: Виктор Павлович Маслов; 15 June 1930 – 3 August 2023) was a Russian mathematical physicist. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He obtained his doctorate in physico-mathematical sciences in 1957.  His main fields of interest were quantum theory, idempotent analysis, non-commutative analysis, superfluidity, superconductivity, and phase transitions. He was editor-in-chief of Mathematical Notes and Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics.

The Maslov index is named after him. He also introduced the concept of Lagrangian submanifold.

Idempotent analysis
In mathematical analysis, idempotent analysis is the study of idempotent semirings, such as the tropical semiring. The lack of an additive inverse in the semiring is compensated somewhat by the idempotent rule .
Notton
Notton is a village and civil parish in the City of Wakefield district of West Yorkshire, England.  The village is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Royston, 5.5 miles (9 km) from Barnsley town centre and 6.5 miles (10 km) south of Wakefield. The parish had a population of 982 at the 2011 Census.

The name Notton derives from the Old English hnoctūn meaning 'wether (castrated male sheep) settlement'.

In the Middle Ages the manor was held by the de Notton family, whose most notable member was William de Notton (died about 1365), who was Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. It later passed to the Darcy family.

Notton was in the West Riding of Yorkshire in the Staincross Wapentake and part of the ancient parish of Royston.  Until 1974, the parish was part of Wakefield Rural District, before then Notton was part of the Barnsley Rural District before its abolition in 1938.

Notton has a village hall on George Lane, and a post office on Applehaigh Lane.

Wether
A wether is a castrated male sheep or goat. Wethers have reduced levels of testosterone compared to intact rams (male sheep) and bucks (male goats), and thus are less aggressive and are generally easier to manage for farmers and ranchers.  Only a small percentage of males are needed for breeding duty; many of the rest are thus castrated for ease of control. Wethers have been used as pets, guides, pack animals, and flock leaders. When these are not needed, they are raised for their meat.
The Spirit of Stanford
The Spirit of Stanford is a 1942 American drama film directed by Charles Barton and written by Howard J. Green, William Brent and Nick Lukats. The film stars Frankie Albert, Marguerite Chapman, Matt Willis, Shirley Patterson, Kay Harris and Robert Kellard. The film was released on October 8, 1942, by Columbia Pictures.

Charles Barton (director)
Charles Barton (May 25, 1902 – December 5, 1981) was an American film and vaudeville actor and film director. He won an Oscar for best assistant director in 1933. His first film as a director was the Zane Grey feature Wagon Wheels, starring Randolph Scott, in 1934.

Barton worked in Hollywood B-movie units. From 1946, he was a principal director of the Abbott and Costello comedies, such as The Time of Their Lives, Buck Privates Come Home, Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein, and Africa Screams. He later directed Walt Disney films such as The Shaggy Dog and Toby Tyler. His extensive work for television included every episode of Amos 'n' Andy in the 1950s, a total of 90 episodes of Dennis the Menace in the 1960s, and 106 episodes of Family Affair from 1967 to 1971. One obituary said he directed 580 television episodes, 70 feature films and dozens of commercials.
2003 Tennis Masters Cup – Doubles
Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan defeated Michaël Llodra and Fabrice Santoro in the final, 6–7(6–8), 6–3, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–4 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2003 Tennis Masters Cup. It was their first Tour Finals title.

Ellis Ferreira and Rick Leach were the reigning champions, but did not compete that year.

Rick Leach
Rick Leach (born December 28, 1964) is a tennis coach and former professional player from the United States. A doubles specialist, he won five Grand Slam doubles titles (three at the Australian Open, one at Wimbledon, and one at the US Open), and four mixed doubles titles (two at the Australian Open, one at Wimbledon, and one at the US Open). He reached the world No. 1 doubles ranking in 1990.

Leach was a member of the US team which won the Davis Cup in 1990. Partnering Jim Pugh, he won the doubles rubbers in all four of the rounds which the US played in that year, and clinched the team's victory in the final with a win over Pat Cash and John Fitzgerald of Australia.

Prior to turning professional, Leach became the first four-time Division 1 All-American in singles and doubles at the University of Southern California (where he played for his father Dick), and won the NCAA doubles title in 1986 and 1987.
Diasporus gularis
Diasporus gularis, also known as the Esmeraldas robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is found in western Colombia (Córdoba Department in the north through Antioquia and Chocó Departments to the Valle del Cauca, Cauca, and Nariño Departments in the southwest) and northwestern and central Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Imbabura, and Chimborazo Provinces).

Cauca Department
Cauca Department (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkawka], Spanish: Departamento del Cauca) is a department of Southwestern Colombia. Located in the southwestern part of the country, facing the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Valle del Cauca Department to the north, Tolima Department to the northeast, Huila Department to the east, and Nariño Department to the south. Putumayo and Caqueta Departments border the southeast portion of Cauca Department as well. It covers a total area of 29,308 km2 (11,316 sq mi), the 13th largest in Colombia. Its capital is the city of Popayán. The offshore island of Malpelo belongs to the department. It is located in the southwest of the country, mainly in the Andean and Pacific regions (between 0°58′54″N and 3°19′04″N latitude, 75°47′36″W and 77°57′05″W longitude) plus a tiny part (Piamonte) in the Amazonian region. The area makes up 2.56% of the country.
Deep Waters (short story collection)
Deep Waters is a collection of short stories by British writer William Hope Hodgson published in 1967 by Arkham House in an edition of 2,556 copies, the second of the author's books to be published by Arkham.  The stories are primarily set in the Sargasso Sea.

William Hope Hodgson
William Hope Hodgson (15 November 1877 – 19 April 1918) was an English author. He produced a large body of work, consisting of essays, short fiction, and novels, spanning several overlapping genres including horror, fantastic fiction, and science fiction. Hodgson used his experiences at sea to lend authentic detail to his short horror stories, many of which are set on the ocean, including his series of linked tales forming the "Sargasso Sea Stories". His novels, such as The House on the Borderland (1908) and The Night Land (1912), feature more cosmic themes, but several of his novels also focus on horrors associated with the sea. Early in his writing career Hodgson dedicated effort to poetry, although few of his poems were published during his lifetime. He also attracted some notice as a photographer and achieved renown as a bodybuilder. He died in World War I at age 40.
Pyura gibbosa
Pyura gibbosa is a species of sea-squirt in the family, Pyuridae, and was first described in 1878 as Cynthia gibbosa by Camill Heller.

It is a sessile, subtropical species, found in the temperate seas of the coasts of all Australian states with the exception of the Northern Territory. It is hermaphroditic and both cross and self-fertilisation occurs. The eggs develop into larva before metamorphosing into adults.

A good description of the species is given by Patricia Kott in a 1985 paper.

Sessility (motility)
Sessility, a property of certain animals, is a lack of self-locomotion. Sessile animals do not have natural motility, and are immobile unless there are external forces (such as water currents). Usually, sessile animals are permanently attached to a solid object, such as a rock, a dead tree trunk, or a human-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow.

Biological sessility differs from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk.
Yoshiro Ota
Yoshiro Ota (11 January 1900 – 29 March 1993) was a Japanese tennis player.

Ota was born and raised in Niigata Prefecture. He won the All-Japan singles championship in 1926, then from 1927 to 1930 represented Japan in the Davis Cup, amassing a 12–8 record in singles play. His Davis Cup career included participation in the 1927 Interzone final against France and an upset win over American No. 2 John Van Ryn in 1929.

While based in England, Ota won numerous local tournaments, which included beating Fred Perry in the final of the Surrey Championships. He also competed in mainland Europe and made the fourth round of the 1930 French Championships, where he claimed the first two sets in a five set loss to Jean Borotra.

1930 French Championships (tennis)
The 1930 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay ourts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 24 May until 1 June. It was the 35th staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. Henri Cochet and Helen Wills Moody won the singles titles.
1978 Giro d'Italia, Stage 11a to Stage 20
The 1978 Giro d'Italia was the 61st edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began with a prologue individual time trial in Saint-Vincent on 7 May, and Stage 11a occurred on 18 May with a flat stage from Terni. The race finished in Milan on 28 May.

Cavalese
Cavalese (Cavalés in local dialect, Gablöss in local german dialect) is a comune of 4,004 inhabitants in Trentino, northern Italy, a ski resort and the main center in the Fiemme Valley. It is part of the Magnifica Comunità di Fiemme (Magnificent Community of Fiemme) and, together with Predazzo, is the administrative, cultural and historical center of the valley.
The town is a renowned tourist location, during winter for cross-country and alpine skiing, and during summer for excursions. The cable car from Cavalese to the nearby mountain Cermis has been the site of two major cable-car accidents, one in 1976 and one in 1998.
Jerry Olson
Jerroll Dean Olson (November 6, 1933 – February 25, 2023) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of North Dakota from 1968 to 1977, compiling a record of 54–39–4.

Olson was born in 1933, on farm in Walsh County, North Dakota. He graduated from high school in Hoople, North Dakota. In 1953, Olson played football as a tackle at Trinidad State Junior College—now known as Trinidad State College—in Trinidad, Colorado under head coach Dale Hardy, earning all-conference honors and leading the Trojans to an undefeated season and an Empire Junior College Conference (EJCC) title. Olson then attended Valley City State University, where he lettered in football, basketball, and baseball.

Olson died in Grafton, North Dakota on February 25, 2023, at the age of 89.

Hoople, North Dakota
Hoople is a city in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 247 at the 2020 census. Hoople, named for early settler Alan Hoople, was founded in 1889. Hoople's nickname is "Tater Town."
Argul railway station
Argul railway station is a halt railway station on Khurda Road–Visakhapatnam section, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It is situated at Deulabasta, Argul in Khurda district in the Indian state of Odisha.

Howrah–Chennai main line
The Howrah–Chennai main line is an Indian railway line connecting Howrah and Chennai Central. It is one of the seven major trunk routes of the Indian Railways. It traverses about 1,661 km (1,032 mi) along the eastern coast of India across the states of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
Kolnes
Kolnes is a village in Karmøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The residential village is located on the west side of the Førresfjorden, south of the village of Førre and east of the village of Norheim.

Kolnes has experienced rapid growth. Between 1970 and 2013 the population has increased by 87%. The municipality is planning further growth in the area by opening up 1700 sites for residential housing that is expected to increase the population from 1500 to 4500 between 2012 and 2027.

Rogaland Norwegian county road 832 is the main route through Kolnes, running between the villages of Aksnes in the south and Eike and Skre in the north where it meets the European route E134 highway. The community is served by Kolumbus bus line 224 six days a week.

Rogaland
Rogaland (Norwegian: [ˈrûːɡɑlɑn] ⓘ) is a county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. As of 1 January 2024, it had a population of 499,417 people.

The administrative centre of the county is the city of Stavanger, which is the third largest city in Norway.
Suhaimi Mat Hassan
Suhaimi Mat Hassan (born 24 June 1976 in FELDA Mempaga, Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia) is a Malaysian professional football referee. He has been a full international for FIFA since 2010.

He refereed in five editions of FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, namely Italy 2011, Tahiti 2013, Portugal 2015, Paraguay 2019, and Russia 2021. For the 2021 editions, he refereed the final between Russia and Japan.

Japan national beach soccer team
The Japan national beach soccer team represents Japan in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the JFA, the governing body for football in Japan. One of the leading Asian beach soccer teams, Japan's best performance at the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was in the 2021 edition, when they were runners-up to the hosts Russia, which played as the Russian Football Union (RFU).

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Henry Myerscough
Henry Myerscough (1929 – 2006) was a British violist.

In addition to solo work and teaching, he formed the Fidelio Quartet with his brother, the violinist Clarence Myerscough, and performed for many years as a session musician, including The Beatles' "White" Album and Quatermass.

He played a viola by luthier Gasparo da Salò.

His daughter is Seona Myerscough, whose dancing inadvertently provided the name for the electronic duo Seona Dancing, an act whose members were fellow students Bill Macrae and Ricky Gervais.

Gasparo da Salò
Gasparo da Salò (20 May 1542 – 14 April 1609) is the name given to Gasparo Bertolotti, one of the earliest violin makers and an expert double bass player. Around 80 of his instruments are known to have survived to the present day: violins (small and large), alto and tenor violas, viols, violones and double basses, violas designed with only a pair of corners, and ceteras.
The Last Time I Saw Macao
The Last Time I Saw Macao (Portuguese: A Última Vez Que Vi Macau) is a 2012 Portuguese film directed by João Pedro Rodrigues and João Rui Guerra da Mata. It competed for the Golden Leopard at the 2012 Locarno International Film Festival. It was shot in Macau.

Golden Leopard
The Golden Leopard (Italian: Pardo d'oro) is the top prize at the Locarno Film Festival, an international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland since 1946. Directors in the process of getting an international reputation are allowed to be entered in the competitive selection. The winning films are chosen by a jury. The award went under many names until it was named the Golden Leopard in 1968. The festival was not held in 1951 and the prize was not awarded in 1956 and 1982. As of 2024 René Clair is the only director to have won the award twice, winning in the first two years of the festival.
Minsk metropolitan area
The Minsk metropolitan area (known in Belarusian as: Мінская агламерацыя) is the metropolitan area of Minsk. The metropolitan area covers two districts: Minsk city and Minsk District.

The largest cities or towns within the metropolitan area are Minsk, Kolodishchi, Zaslawye, and Hatava.

Kalodzishchy
Kalodzishchy (Belarusian: Калодзішчы, romanized: Kalodziščy; Russian: Колодишчи, romanized: Kolodishchi) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Kalodzishchy rural council. As of 2023, it has a population of 19,898.
Dreamkiller
Dreamkiller is a dark fantasy first-person shooter where the player takes on the role of Alice Drake, a psychologist with the ability to enter the minds of her patients to fight the monsters appearing in their dreams. The game is developed by Mindware Studios and published by Aspyr for Microsoft Windows.

Aspyr
Aspyr Media, Inc. (pronounced "aspire") is an American video game developer and publisher founded by Michael Rogers and Ted Staloch in Austin, Texas. Originally founded to port gaming titles to macOS, the company, since 2005, has become a publisher and developer of entertainment for multiple gaming platforms.

Aspyr was acquired by Embracer Group in February 2021. Initially placed within Embracer's Saber Interactive division, Aspyr later became a direct subsidiary of Embracer after Saber was divested in March 2024.
Salmon escapement
Salmon escapement is the amount of a salmon population that does not get caught by commercial or recreational fisheries and return to their freshwater spawning habitat. Estimates of these amount are calculated with statistical analysis using data collected during that particular run season. These estimations help produce fishing quotas for the return year of the juveniles born for that years run, or can be used to determine the health of a salmon stock.

Estimating escapement for salmon can be done several ways: The most commonly used method is the area-under-the-curve model,  and other methods include the change-in-ratio method, carcass-counting surveys, and weir-count surveys.

Juvenile fish
Fish go through various  life stages between fertilization and adulthood. The life of fish start as spawned eggs which hatch into immotile larvae. These larval hatchlings are not yet capable of feeding themselves and carry a yolk sac which provides stored nutrition. Before the yolk sac completely disappears, the young fish must mature enough to be able to forage independently.  When they have developed to the point where they are capable of feeding by themselves, the fish are called fry.  When, in addition, they have developed scales and working fins, the transition to a juvenile fish is complete and it is called a fingerling, so called as they are typically about the size of human fingers. The juvenile stage lasts until the fish is fully grown, sexually mature and interacting with other adult fish.
Monty Burns' Fleeing Circus
"Monty Burns' Fleeing Circus" is the twenty-eighth season premiere of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 597th episode of the series overall. The episode was directed by Matthew Nastuk and written by Tom Gammill and Max Pross. It aired in the United States on Fox on September 25, 2016. It's named as a parody of Monty Python's Flying Circus.

In this episode, Mr. Burns puts on a variety show with Lisa as his assistant but is disturbed by his experiences as a child. Amy Schumer and Pendleton Ward guest starred. The episode received mixed reviews.

This episode included references to golfer Arnold Palmer and his eponymous drink; it aired on the same day as Palmer's death at the age of 87.

Arnold Palmer (drink)
The Arnold Palmer, also known as the half and half, is a non-alcoholic mixed drink that combines iced tea and lemonade. The name refers to the professional American golfer Arnold Palmer, who was known to often request and drink this beverage combination; some attribute the invention of the beverage to the golfer.

There are two alcoholic cocktail versions, one is the John Daly which has vodka and the other is the Lee Trevino which has tequila. MillerCoors began marketing and distributing a commercially available malt-based version of the beverage under the Arnold Palmer Spiked name in early 2018.
Decoppering
Decoppering is the act of removing copper and it is most commonly used in the context of the removal of copper residues from the rifling of gun barrels.

Decoppering agents are frequently added to smokeless powder propellants. Decoppering is most important for large guns (especially naval guns), but the additives are used even in medium and small caliber guns.

The most common decoppering additives are:

Tin metal and compounds, e.g. tin dioxide

Bismuth metal and compounds, e.g. bismuth trioxide, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth nitrate, bismuth antimonide; the bismuth compounds are favored as copper dissolves in molten bismuth, forming brittle and easily removable alloy

Lead foil and lead compounds, although concerns have been raised about lead toxicity

Gun barrel
A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces, and air guns.  It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal, through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end (muzzle) at a high velocity.  The hollow interior of the barrel is called the bore, and the diameter of the bore is called its calibre, usually measured in inches or millimetres.

The first firearms were made at a time when metallurgy was not advanced enough to cast tubes capable of withstanding the explosive forces of early cannons, so the pipe (often built from staves of metal) needed to be braced periodically along its length for structural reinforcement, producing an appearance somewhat reminiscent of storage barrels being stacked together, hence the English name.