hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stedham with Iping
Stedham with Iping is a civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is approximately two miles (3 km) west of Midhurst and comprises the two villages of Stedham and Iping. There are two churches in the parish: St James' in Stedham and St Mary's in Iping.  Its watermill (now disused) was used for the production of blotting paper.

In the 2001 census the parish had an area of 11 km2 (2,671 acres) and had 346 households with a total population of 814. 413 residents were economically active. The population at the 2011 Census was 767.

Former parish residents include Kerry Packer who maintained a polo team in the area.

One of the stories of H. G. Wells, "The Invisible Man" begins when the bandaged invisible man comes to a village called Iping to rent a room, gets discovered, and has to fight frightened villagers to get away.

Kerry Packer
Kerry Francis Bullmore Packer (17 December 1937 – 26 December 2005) was an Australian media tycoon, and was considered one of Australia's most powerful media proprietors of the twentieth century. The Packer family company owned a controlling interest in both the Nine Network and the publishing company Australian Consolidated Press, which were later merged to form Publishing and Broadcasting Limited (PBL). Outside Australia, Packer was best known for founding World Series Cricket. At the time of his death, he was the richest and one of the most influential men in Australia. In 2004, Business Review Weekly magazine estimated Packer's net worth at A$6.5 billion.
Lake Alpine, California
38°28′43″N 120°00′14″W﻿ / ﻿38.47861°N 120.00389°W﻿ / 38.47861; -120.00389

Lake Alpine is an unincorporated community in the Stanislaus National Forest in Alpine County, California. It is located on the north shore of Lake Alpine, at an elevation of 7388 feet (2252 m).

A post office operated at Lake Alpine from 1927 to 1972.

Lake Alpine is a community of cabins authorized by the United States Forest Service under the Occupancy Permits Act.

Alpine County, California
Alpine County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of California located within the Sierra Nevada on the state border with Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,204, making it California's least populous county. The county seat is Markleeville and the largest community is Alpine Village.
Edward Stamp
Captain Edward Stamp (5 November 1814 – 20 January 1872) was an English mariner and entrepreneur who contributed to the early economic development of British Columbia and Vancouver Island. Born at Alnwick in Northumberland, Stamp served as the captain of a steam transport in the Crimean War in 1854.

Alnwick
Alnwick (/ˈænɪk/ ⓘ AN-ik) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2021 Census was 8,430.

The town is 32 miles (51 km) south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish border, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea at Alnmouth and 34 miles (55 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne; it is sited on the south bank of the River Aln.

The town dates to about AD 600 and thrived as an agricultural centre. Alnwick Castle was the home of the most powerful medieval northern baronial family, the Earls of Northumberland. It was a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London.
Systems in Blue
Systems in Blue is a German pop band originally composed of Rolf Köhler, Michael Scholz, and Detlef Wiedeke. After Köhler's death, singer Olaf Senkbeil was invited to join them.

The original band members started in the beginning of the 1960s, working in different bands during 1960s and 1970s, Köhler worked for several different artists such as Blonker, Uriah Heep, Blind Guardian, Helloween, Grave Digger, Gamma Ray, Iron Savior, Savage Circus, Tokyo, Mephistopheles, and Kin Ping Meh (featuring Geff Harrison) among others. They were part of the choruses of the Dieter Bohlen produced Modern Talking in 1984–1987 and 1998–2000 and Blue System in 1987–1997 with Köhler as the refrain singer.

Grave Digger (band)
Grave Digger is a German heavy metal band that was first formed in 1980 by Chris Boltendahl and Peter Masson. Emerging from the 1980s German heavy/power/speed metal scene, they are considered part of the scene's "big four" alongside Helloween, Rage and Running Wild.
Adolphe Hoffmann
Adolphe Hoffmann (1889-1967) was a French entomologist. From 1950 he was considered the European specialist in the families Curculionidae, Bruchidae and Scolytidae.He was a Member of the Entomological Society of France . His collection of beetles is today at the National Museum of Natural History, France in Paris.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
Jim Pojar
James "Jim" Joseph Pojar (born January 12, 1948, in Ramsey, Minnesota) Is an American-Canadian field botanist, forester, and ecologist. In 2015 the Canadian Botanical Association awarded him the George Lawson Medal for lifetime achievement.

Ramsey, Minnesota
Ramsey is a suburban city 22 miles (35 km) north-northwest of downtown Minneapolis in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 27,646 at the 2020 census. It is a northwest suburb of the Twin Cities.

U.S. Highways 10 / 169 (co-signed) and State Highway 47 are two of the main routes, and Ramsey had a station on the Northstar Commuter Rail line to downtown Minneapolis.
Barsal
Barsal is a census town in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Jalandhar, 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Phagwara, 59 kilometres (37 mi) from district headquarter Hoshiarpur and 152 kilometres (94 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Phagwara
Phagwara (Punjabi: [pʰɐgɐʋaːɽaː]; ISO: Phagawāṛā) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the district headquarters of Kapurthala, and 124 kilometres (77 mi) from the state capital, Chandigarh. Phagwara is known for its production of sugar, glucose, starch, fine fabric, preet's paints, and auto parts. It is locally known for the Shri Hanuman Garhi Temple.
German Shanghai Metro Group
German Shanghai Metro Group (Chinese: 德沪地铁集团) was a joint venture between Shanghai Metro, Siemens AG and AEG (the railroad division now part of Bombardier Transportation) to develop railcars for the metro system.

The cars are designed in Germany and built in China.

Shanghai Metro
The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: 上海地铁; pinyin: Shànghǎi Dìtiě; Shanghainese: Zaon6he5 Di6thiq7) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, operating urban and suburban transit services to 14 of its 16 municipal districts and to the neighboring township of Huaqiao, in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province.

Forming the vast majority of the broader, multi-operator Shanghai rail transit network, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's second longest metro system by route length, totaling 808 kilometres (502 mi) and the second largest system by number of stations, with 506 stations across 19 lines (408, if stations connected by transfers are counted as single stations). It also ranks first in the world by annual ridership, with 3.88 billion rides delivered in 2019. The last daily ridership record was set on 9 March 2024, at 13.39 million rides. Ridership routinely stands at over 10 million on an average workday, accounting for 73% of trips on public transport in the city.
Leopold Park
Leopold Park (French: Parc Léopold, pronounced [paʁk le.ɔ.pɔl(d)]; Dutch: Leopoldpark) is a public park of 6.43 ha (15.9 acres) located within the Leopold Quarter (European Quarter) of Brussels, Belgium. It is adjacent to the Paul-Henri Spaak building, the seat of the European Parliament. This area is served by Brussels-Luxembourg railway station, as well as by the metro stations Maelbeek/Maalbeek and Schuman on lines 1 and 5.

The park's outstanding feature is its pond, fed by the Maelbeek stream. Many rare trees (remnants of a botanical garden) and animals such as mallards, moorhens, coots, and even Egyptian geese and rose-ringed parakeets thrive in this urban environment.

Egyptian goose
The Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca) is an African member of the Anatidae family including ducks, geese, and swans. Because of their popularity chiefly as an ornamental bird, the species has also been introduced to Europe, the United States and elsewhere outside their natural range. Egyptian geese were regularly represented in ancient Egyptian art.
Jeff & Greg Burns
Jeff & Greg Burns (born December 16, 1969) are American composers of electronic and orchestral music, best known for their contributions to the  CBS’ police procedural drama NCIS. and "NCIS:New Orleans". The team have also co-composed music for such film and television projects as Andy Richter Controls the Universe, Heist, Listen Up, Notorious C.H.O., and Mattel's animated series Max Steel.

Heist (2006 TV series)
Heist is an American crime drama television series created by Mark and Robb Cullen that premiered on NBC on March 22, 2006, but was almost immediately canceled on April 19, 2006, due to low ratings. The series revolves around professional thief Mickey O' Neil (Dougray Scott), who creates a team of experts to try to pull off the biggest heist in history — to simultaneously rob three jewelry stores on Rodeo Drive during Academy Awards week. Meanwhile, Amy Sykes (Michele Hicks), lead detective for LAPD's Robbery Division, leads the task force investigating a series of thefts committed by this new crew. Under high pressure from her superiors, she has to figure out not only who was behind the crimes, but also what larger job they are leading up to.
Street executions in Warsaw (1943–1944)
The street executions in Warsaw in 1943 and 1944 were the mass executions of Polish hostages carried out by the German occupiers on the streets of Warsaw.

The first executions on the streets of the capital took place in mid-October 1943, shortly after SS-Brigadeführer Franz Kutschera assumed the position of SS and police leader for the Warsaw District. During his rule, approximately 5,000 Poles were murdered in Warsaw, of whom at least 1,200 were executed directly on the city's streets. The victims were primarily ordinary Warsaw residents apprehended during mass roundups.

The Germans ceased summary executions in mid-February 1944, following the successful assassination of Kutschera by soldiers of the Home Army's Kedyw unit.

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Khattabi
Khattabi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abd el-Krim  (1882/83–1963), Moroccan political and military leader

Ali El-Khattabi or Ali Elkhattabi (born 1977), Dutch-Moroccan footballer

Elarbi Khattabi (born 1967), Moroccan long-distance runner

Fadila Khattabi (born 1962), French politician

Younes Khattabi (born 1984), French-Moroccan rugby league footballer

Zakia Khattabi (born 1976), Belgian-Moroccan politician

Abd el-Krim
Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Khaṭṭābī (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي), better known as Abd el-Krim (Arabic: عبد الكريم; 12 January 1882 – 6 February 1963), was a Moroccan revolutionary, religious, political and military leader and the president of the Republic of the Rif. He and his brother M'Hammad led a large-scale revolt by a coalition of Riffian tribes against the Spanish and French Protectorates of the Rif and the rest of Morocco. His guerrilla tactics, which included the first-ever use of tunneling as a technique of modern warfare, directly influenced Ho Chi Minh, Mao Zedong and Che Guevara. He also became one of the major figures of Arab nationalism, which he actively supported.
JazzFest Berlin
JazzFest Berlin (also known as the Berlin Jazz Festival) is a jazz festival in Berlin, Germany.  Originally called the "Berliner Jazztage" (Berlin Jazz Days), it was founded in 1964 in West Berlin by the Berliner Festspiele.  Venues included Berliner Philharmonie, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Volksbühne, Haus der Berliner Festspiele and the Jazzclubs Quasimodo and A-Trane.

The festival's mission has been "to document, support, and validate trends in jazz, and to mirror the diversity of creative musical activity.

Volksbühne
The Volksbühne ("People's Theatre") is a theater in Berlin. Located in Berlin's city center Mitte on Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz (Rosa Luxemburg Square) in what was the GDR's capital. It has been called Berlin's most iconic theatre.
John Hastie (umpire)
John Blair Robert Hastie (born 8 November 1932) is a former New Zealand cricket umpire. He stood in seven Test matches between 1974 and 1981, and four ODI games between 1975 and 1982.

Hastie umpired in two of the matches in one of the most acrimonious Test series of all, when the West Indies toured New Zealand in 1979–80. In the First Test, at Carisbrook, Dunedin, after Hastie turned down an appeal by Michael Holding for caught behind, Holding kicked two of the stumps out of the ground. During this Test, Hastie and his colleague Fred Goodall gave a Test record number of leg before wicket decisions: 12 – seven against the West Indies batsmen, five against New Zealand. New Zealand won by one wicket.

In all, Hastie umpired in 48 first-class matches and 12 List A matches between January 1964 and March 1984, most of them at either Seddon Park, Hamilton, or Eden Park, Auckland.

Umpire (cricket)
In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French nompere meaning not a peer, that is, not a  member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field according to the Laws of Cricket. Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over.

The umpires in cricket are not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game.
Peter Oresick
Peter Oresick (/ɔːˈrɛsɪk/ or-ESS-ik; September 8, 1955 – September 3, 2016) was an American poet.

Oresick was best known as the editor of Working Classics, a literary anthology of working-class poetry, and as a publisher. He served in senior positions in literary, scholarly, and technical publishing from 1981 to 2004 at the University of Pittsburgh Press, the Graphic Arts Technical Foundation, and Printing Industries of America. In 2010, he became editor-in-chief of the literary magazine The Fourth River.

Oresick earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at the University of Pittsburgh. He taught at Emerson College, the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University, Chatham University, the University of Pittsburgh, and the Pittsburgh High School for the Creative and Performing Arts.

Oresick resided in Pittsburgh. He died on 3 September 2016 at the age of 60 from cancer.

Chatham University
Chatham University is a private university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Originally founded as a women's college, it began enrolling men in undergraduate programs in 2015. It enrolls about 2,110 students, including 1,002 undergraduate students and 1,108 graduate students.

The university grants certificates and degrees including bachelor, master, first-professional, and doctorate degrees in the School of Arts, Science & Business, the School of Health Sciences, and the Falk School of Sustainability & Environment.
Paul M. Feehan
Paul Matthew Niall Feehan (born 1961) studied electrical engineering at University College Dublin (BE 1982) and the University of Missouri at Rolla (ME 1984), before switching to mathematics. His 1992 Ph.D. on "Geometry of the Moduli Space of Self-Dual Connections on the Four-Sphere" was done at Columbia University under Duong Hong Phong.

He worked for several years at UC Berkeley, Harvard, and Ohio State University, and in 2000 was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin. However, a year later he accepted a position at Rutgers, where he now does research in non-linear elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations, differential geometry, mathematical physics, and the applications of partial-integral differential equations to derivative security pricing and risk management. He is also the Director of the Mathematical Finance Master's Degree Program at Rutgers. In 2019 he became a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Jimmy MacDonald (rugby union)
James Stirling MacDonald (15 July 1879 – 27 April 1925) was a Scotland international rugby union player.

MacDonald came from Stellenbosch in South Africa and was capped for Scotland as a varsity rugby player at the University of Edinburgh, where he studied medicine. He was a wing three–quarter and could also be utilised as a goal–kicker. Capped five times, MacDonald scored one of Scotland's two tries, and had another disallowed, in their 6–3 Calcutta Cup win over England in 1904. This win also secured Scotland the Home Nations title.

Calcutta Cup
The Calcutta Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the rugby match between teams of England and Scotland played annually in the Six Nations Championship. Like the match itself (England–Scotland), the Calcutta Cup is the oldest trophy contested between any two international rugby union teams, pre-dating the Bledisloe Cup (Australia–New Zealand) by more than half a century. It is also the oldest of several trophies awarded under the umbrella of the Six Nations Championship, which include the Millennium Trophy (England–Ireland), Centenary Quaich (Ireland–Scotland), Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (France–Italy), Auld Alliance Trophy (France–Scotland), the Doddie Weir Cup (Scotland–Wales) and the Cuttitta Cup (Italy–Scotland).
Battle of Montebello (1800)
The Battle of Montebello (9 June 1800) was fought near Montebello in Lombardy between a French force under General of Division (GD) Jean Lannes and an Austrian force led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant (FML) Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz. The action occurred in the Marengo campaign during the War of the Second Coalition. During the lead-up to the Battle of Marengo, the vanguard of the French army in Italy engaged and defeated an Austrian force in a "glorious victory".

Lieutenant field marshal
Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (German: Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerly Feldmarschallleutnant, historically also Feldmarschall-Lieutenant and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always Feldmarschalleutnant, abbreviated  FML), was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries. It emerged as the rank of field marshal (German: Feldmarschall) came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century (having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel). In German-speaking countries the commander-in-chief usually appointed an "under marshal" (Untermarschall) or "lieutenant field marshal" to support and represent the field marshal. Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal, were the supervision of supply depots and routes, and inspection of the guards.
Chris Black (rugby union)
Chris Black (born 17 February 1978 in Dundee, Scotland) is a former Scotland Under 19 international rugby union player who played for Glasgow Warriors at the Scrum-half position.

Black started out playing rugby union with Dundee HSFP.

He then moved to Watsonians.

He was called into the Glasgow Warriors squad for the season 2000-01. He played in the Pro12 and in the Heineken Cup for the club. When not in use with the provincial side he turned out for Boroughmuir. He was released by Glasgow in 2003, after an injury-hit season.

Black later joined Morgan Academy RFC.

Black now works in the oil industry as the Chief Operating Officer for JAB recruitment. He now stays in Carnoustie and coaches his local rugby team.

Watsonian FC
Watsonian Football Club is a rugby union club based in Edinburgh and part of the Scottish Rugby Union. It is one of a small number of rugby union clubs entitled to call itself a 'football club', rather than a 'rugby football club'. Watsonians run a number of sides; the top male side plays in the Scottish Premiership, the Women's side plays in the Scottish Womens Premiership (see Watsonians Ladies Rugby).

Between the 2019-2020 and 2023-2024 seasons the club ran a men's professional side which competed in the Super 6 league and Super Sprint competitions.
Reaction engine
A reaction engine is an engine or motor that produces thrust by expelling reaction mass (reaction propulsion), in accordance with Newton's third law of motion. This law of motion is commonly paraphrased as: "For every action force there is an equal, but opposite, reaction force."

Examples include jet engines, rocket engines, pump-jets, and more uncommon variations such as Hall effect thrusters, ion drives, mass drivers, and nuclear pulse propulsion.

Nuclear pulse propulsion
Nuclear pulse propulsion or external pulsed plasma propulsion is a hypothetical method of spacecraft propulsion that uses nuclear explosions for thrust. It originated as Project Orion with support from DARPA, after a suggestion by Stanisław Ulam in 1947. Newer designs using inertial confinement fusion have been the baseline for most later designs, including Project Daedalus and Project Longshot.