hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Larry D. Welch
General Larry D. Welch (born June 9, 1934) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general who served as the 12th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. As chief of staff, he served as the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization, training and equipping of a combined active duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian force serving at locations in the United States and overseas. As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he and the other service chiefs functioned as the principal military advisers to the secretary of defense, National Security Council and the president. He currently serves as the chairman of the Nuclear Weapon Surety Task Force for the Defense Science Board.

Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
The Meritorious Service Medal (MSM) is a military award presented to members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves with outstanding meritorious achievement or service to the United States.

Introduced in 1969, the MSM was long awarded as a decoration for peacetime achievement. Since 2004, it has also been bestowed in lieu of the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement in a designated combat theater. Normally, the acts or services rendered must be comparable to that required for the Legion of Merit but in a duty of lesser, though considerable, responsibility.

A higher award and decoration, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (DMSM), is intended for similar services performed under joint duty within the United States Department of Defense, including the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, and joint task forces under their cognizance.
Our Version of Events Tour
Our Version of Events Tour was a debut global concert tour by Scottish singer Emeli Sandé, in support of her 2012 debut album, Our Version of Events. The tour ran for over two years from 2011 till 2013, covering five continents in the process.

Hylands House
Hylands House is a Grade II* neo-classical villa situated within Hylands Park a 232-hectare (574 acre) park southwest of Chelmsford in Essex in South East England. It is owned and operated by Chelmsford City Council.
75B
75B is a design studio based in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

They designed the identity for the International Film Festival Rotterdam, Ro Theatre, Van Abbemuseum, and Codarts. 
They also made autonomous works that were exhibited at the Fons Welters Gallery in Amsterdam and are part of the collection of Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, SF MOMA and the Graphic Design Museum Breda.

Van Abbemuseum
The Van Abbemuseum (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn ˈɑbəmyˌzeːjʏm]) in Eindhoven is one of the first public museums for contemporary art to be established in Europe.

The museum’s collection contains over 3,400 artworks. This includes key works and archives by Joseph Beuys, Marc Chagall, René Daniëls, Marlene Dumas, Sheela Gowda, Patricia Kaersenhout, Gülsün Karamustafa, Iris Kensmil, Oskar Kokoschka, John Körmeling, El Lissitzky (of whom it owns one of the largest collections of paintings in the world), Paul McCarthy, Pablo Picasso, Martha Rosler, and Lidwien van de Ven.  The museum has an area of 9,825 m2 and holds one of the largest collections of paintings in the world by El Lissitzky.
Tarlac Cathedral
San Sebastian Cathedral Parish, commonly known as Tarlac Cathedral, is a post-war, Neo-Gothic Latin Catholic church located in Brgy. Mabini, Tarlac City, Philippines. The cathedral, which was dedicated to Saint Sebastian in 1686, is the seat of the Diocese of Tarlac. A historical marker of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines was unveiled near the cathedral's entrance on July 15, 2022.

Tarlac City
Tarlac City, officially the City of Tarlac (Kapampangan: Lakanbalen ning Tarlac; Pangasinan: Siyudad na Tarlac; Ilocano: Siudad ti Tarlac; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tarlac [tɐɾˈlak]), is a first-class component city and capital of the province of Tarlac, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 401,892 people, making it the most populous in the province.
Xihai Commandery
Xihai Jun (西海郡) is a prefecture of ancient China located in Qingzang Plateau. Xi means west, Hai means sea, and Jun is a kind of administrative unit above county in ancient China and may be translated as prefecture or province.

Xihai Jun or Xihai Prefecture was first established in the 4th year of Yuanshi (元始四年, AD 4) in the Han dynasty.

The site of the Longqi (龍耆), the capital city of Xihai Jun in the Han dynasty, is located on the south bank of Huangshui River (湟水), near Qinghai Lake at 36°54′27″N 100°58′51″E﻿ / ﻿36.9074°N 100.9809°E﻿ / 36.9074; 100.9809. Today, it is called Sanjiao Cheng (三角城, Delta City). It is near the county town of Haiyan County (海晏縣) and 90 kilometers west to Xining City, the capital city Qinghai province.

In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (貞觀二十三年, AD 649), King of Xihai Jun　(西海郡王) was conferred upon Songtsen Gampo (松贊幹布), the King of Tubo (吐蕃, or Tibet), by Tang Gaozong (唐高宗), the emperor of the Tang dynasty.

Haiyan County, Qinghai
Haiyan County (Chinese: 海晏县; Tibetan: ཧའེ་ཡན་རྫོང་།) is a county of Qinghai Province, China, located on the northeast shore of Qinghai Lake. It is under the administration of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
Joshua G. Cole
Joshua Gregory Cole (born July 25, 1990) is an American politician. A Democrat, he served one term as member of the Virginia House of Delegates as the representative of Virginia's 28th district. Elected by the Democratic Party of Virginia, Cole served as a member of the Democratic National Committee at the 2020 convention. Cole was elected to represent Virginia's 65th district in the 2023 Virginia House of Delegates election. He was reelected in 2025 defeating Republican Sean Steinway.

Virginia's 28th House of Delegates district
Virginia's 28th House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 28 contains parts of Loudoun County. The seat is currently held by David A. Reid.
Yoo Young-sil
Yoo Young-sil (Korean: 유영실, Korean pronunciation: [ju.jʌŋ.ɕil]; born May 1, 1975) is a retired South Korean football player and coach who is currently the manager of Seoul City Amazones WFC. Sometimes referred to as "the female Hong Myung-bo" during her career for her reliable defensive play, she is considered part of the 'first generation' of the South Korean women's national team.

Korea Football Association
The Korea Football Association (Korean: 대한축구협회) is the governing body of football and futsal within South Korea. It sanctions professional, semi-professional and amateur football in South Korea. Founded in 1933, the governing body became affiliated with FIFA twenty years later in 1948, and the Asian Football Confederation in 1954.
2016 New Mexico House of Representatives election
The 2016 New Mexico House of Representatives election took place as part of the biennial United States elections. New Mexico voters elected state representatives in all 70 of the state house's districts. State representatives serve two-year terms in the New Mexico House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including the Presidency, the special election for Secretary of State, the U.S. House, and the State Senate.

A primary election held on June 7, 2016, determined which candidates appear on the November 8th general election ballot.

Andy Nuñez
Andrew Nuñez (born November 30, 1935) is an American Politician who was a former Republican member of the New Mexico House of Representatives. A farmer, Nuñez attended New Mexico State University and received a Bachelor of Science and masters of science degree in animal science.

Nuñez was a Democratic member of the House of Representatives from 2001 until he switched his affiliation to Independent in 2011 and lost reelection the following year in a three-candidate race to Phillipp Archuleta. Nuñez ran as a Republican in 2014 and was returned to the New Mexico House of Representatives as the New Mexico Republican Party gained a legislative majority in the state house for the first time since 1952. Nuñez was defeated for reelection in 2016 by former Las Cruces City Councilor Nathan P. Small.
Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education
Northeast Ohio Council on Higher Education ("NOCHE") is a nonprofit business and higher education collaborative in a 23-county region of Northeast Ohio. NOCHE's member institutions of higher education include a cross section of public, private, two-year and four-year schools. Collectively, these institutions enroll more than 226,000 degree-seeking students from across the United States and the world and grant more than 35,000 certificates and degrees annually.

Northeast Ohio
Northeast Ohio is a geographic and cultural region that comprises the northeastern counties of the U.S. state of Ohio. Definitions of the region consist of 16 to 23 counties between the southern shore of Lake Erie and the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, home to over 4.5 million people. It is anchored by the metropolitan area of Cleveland, the most populous city in the region with over 372,000 residents in 2020. Other metropolitan centers include Akron, Canton, Mansfield, Sandusky, and Youngstown. Northeast Ohio includes most of the area known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
Raffaella (1978 album)
Raffaella (in some countries released as Hay que venir al sur) is the ninth studio album by Italian singer Raffaella Carrà, released in 1978 by CBS Italiana. It marked her first release to be distributed in the United States, further consolidating her growing international presence.

The album appeared in several markets with variations in title, language, and track order. In Spain and Latin America it was issued in Spanish under the title Hay que venir al sur, while in other countries it retained its original Italian version and artwork. Promotional campaigns accompanied the release, with CBS Records Brazil launching a strong effort in mid-1978.

Commercially, the album was supported by Carrà's active promotion across different countries. Her visit to Argentina boosted sales significantly, and she represented Italy at the 8th Annual Tokyo Music Festival in 1979 with the track "Luca", earning a Silver Award. The LP also achieved certification in Greece.

CBS Records International
CBS Records International was the international arm of the Columbia Records unit of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. (CBS) formed in 1961 and launched in 1962. Previously, Columbia Records had licensed other record companies to manufacture and distribute Columbia recordings outside North America, such as Philips Records and its subsidiary Fontana (now  part of the Universal Music Group) in Europe.
IOOF Temple Building
The IOOF Temple Building in Fairbury, Nebraska
was built during 1894–95.  It served as the Odd Fellows Hall for Fairbury for almost 70 years.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.  Its architect was William Clifton and it is a Romanesque Revival architecture-styled building.

It was deemed significant architecturally as "a well-preserved commercial example of the Romanesque Revival style of architecture."  The style appeared in Nebraska during the late 1800s and early 1900s.  This building's features of the style include round-arched window openings, brick corbelling, and wall and corner pilasters and stringcourses.

Course (architecture)
A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc.

Coursed masonry construction arranges units in regular courses. In contrast, coursed rubble masonry construction uses random uncut units, infilled with mortar or smaller stones.

If a course is the horizontal arrangement, then a wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s). A single wythe of brick that is not structural in nature is referred to as a masonry veneer.

A standard 8-inch CMU block is exactly equal to three courses of brick. A bond  (or bonding) pattern) is the arrangement of several courses of  brickwork.

The corners of a masonry wall are built first, then the spaces between them are filled by the remaining courses.
Warren Buck
Warren Wesley Buck III (born 16 February 1946) is an American physicist. He is credited with establishing the physics PhD program at Hampton University, a historically Black college in Hampton, Virginia, which was also the campus's first PhD program in any subject. Buck was also the first chancellor of University of Washington-Bothell and oversaw the university's transition to a four-year institution. His research focuses on nuclear and subatomic particles, including studies of the interactions between particles and anti-particles and the nature of mesons and the quark model.

Morgan State University
Morgan State University (Morgan State or MSU) is a public historically black research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is the third largest among all Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs). In 1890, the university, then known as the Centenary Biblical Institute, changed its name to honor Lyttleton Morgan, the first chairman of its board of trustees and a donor. It became a university in 1975.

Although a public institution, Morgan State is not a part of the University System of Maryland. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
McAllen Miller International Airport
McAllen International Airport (IATA: MFE, ICAO: KMFE, FAA LID: MFE) is an international airport serving McAllen, Mission and the surrounding Rio Grande Valley region of Texas in the United States. It is located within the City of McAllen in Hidalgo County.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2025–2029 categorized it as a small hub primary commercial service airport. In 2023, MFE ranked as the 133rd busiest airport in the United States, with 513,770 enplanements. Passenger enplanements at the airport grew 13.43% between 2022 and 2023. MFE is the busiest airport in the Rio Grande Valley, followed by Valley International Airport in Harlingen, then by Brownsville/South Padre Island International Airport in Brownsville.

Aeromar
Transportes Aeromar, S.A. de C.V, doing business as Aeromar, was a Mexican airline that operated scheduled domestic services in Mexico and international services to the United States, and Cuba. Its main base was Mexico City International Airport.

The airline ceased all operations on February 15, 2023, following a financial collapse.
Maghval
Maghval, also known as Megwal and Meghwad, is a village in the Kaparada taluka of Valsad district in Gujarat State, India. It is a small counterenclave belonging to Gujarat, just south of Silvassa within Nagar Haveli which is an enclave in Gujarat and part of the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

In January 2022, the government of India announced plans for the Maghval enclave to become part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu alongside 3 other villages (which were sometimes isolated from the rest of Gujarat, but not from Dadra and Nagar Haveli, by monsoon floods). This would allow the sale of alcohol in the villages, as alcohol is restricted in Gujarat. This process was later deferred.

Silvassa
Silvassa or Selvas (IAST: Selvās, Gujarati: [ˈselʋɑs]) is a city and the headquarters of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli district in Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in western India. It is today the largest city in the union territory. The city was chosen as one of the hundred Indian cities in Government of India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.
1993 World Ladies in Osaka – Doubles
Rennae Stubbs and Helena Suková were the defending champions, but Suková did not compete this year. Stubbs teamed up with Elizabeth Smylie and lost in the quarterfinals to Magdalena Maleeva and Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière.

Larisa Neiland and Jana Novotná won the title by defeating Maleeva and Maleeva-Fragniére 6–1, 6–3 in the final.

Larisa Neiland
Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (Ukrainian: Лариса Савченко-Нейланд, Latvian: Larisa Savčenko-Neilande; née Savchenko; also Larisa Neiland; born 21 July 1966) is a tennis coach and former professional player who represented the Soviet Union and Latvia. A former world No. 1 doubles player, Neiland won six Grand Slam titles: two in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She also won two singles titles and 63 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She is listed in fourth place for the most doubles match wins (766) in WTA history, after Lisa Raymond, Rennae Stubbs and Liezel Huber. Neiland has been the coach of Ukrainian tennis player Daria Snigur since 2017.
Bagtyýarlyk PSA Territory
Bagtyýarlyk is a large contractual PSA territory consisting of several natural gas fields located in Lebap Province of Turkmenistan. It literally means happiness in Turkmen language. Bagtyyarlyk constitutes the bigger part of the gas rich Sagkenar (right bank of the Amu Darya River) area and includes Saman- Depe and Altyn Asyr fields.

Amu Darya
The Amu Darya, historically known as the Oxus, is a major river in Central Asia which flows through Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Kush, the Amu Darya is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. However, today the Amu Darya does not reach the Aral Sea, and its mouth is in a dried-up area, of what was once the Aral Sea. In its upper course, the river forms part of Afghanistan's northern border with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. In ancient history, the river was regarded as the boundary of Greater Iran with Turan, which roughly corresponded to present-day Central Asia. The Amu Darya has a flow of about 70 cubic kilometres per year on average.
SS Royston Grange (1959)
SS Royston Grange was a Houlder Line refrigerated cargo liner steamship that was built in England in 1959. In 1972 she collided with the tanker Tien Chee in the Río de la Plata. The resulting fire killed all 74 people aboard Royston Grange and eight people aboard Tien Chee. Royston Grange's burnt-out hulk was scrapped in Spain in 1979.

Royston or Roystone Grange is an 18th-century farmstead next to the site of a medieval monastic grange at Ballidon in Derbyshire, England. Houlder Line had named ships after several English granges, including Royston, since the 1890s. This ship was the company's fifth and last Royston Grange.

Ballidon
Ballidon is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England, on the edge of the Peak District National Park.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 79. The population at the 2011 Census remained less than 100. Details are maintained in the civil Parish of Aldwark, Derbyshire.

Ballidon was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 and was a much larger village than seen today. That area now devastated by the Tilcon Quarry was a deep valley and the site of an ambush of troops of the Jacobite rising of 1745; skulls and weaponry were recovered on the west bank of the stream.

Ballidon sits at the foot of Ballidon Dale, which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). At the head of the dale is Roystone Grange where there are remains of monuments from the Bronze Age, a Romano-British settlement and a medieval monastic grange.

The Limestone Way long-distance footpath passes just south of the hamlet of Ballidon.
Pa-Auk Forest Monastery
The Pa-Auk Forest Monastery, known in Burmese as the Pa-Auk Tawya (Burmese: ဖားအောက်တောရကျောင်း, MLCTS: Hpa:auk Tau:ra.kyaung:), is a Theravāda monastery in the village of Pa-Auk in Mawlamyine, Mon State. Situated in a tropical forest along the Dawna Range. It is the main monastery complex and meditation centre of the Pa-Auk Group, Pa-Auk Society, or Pa-Auk Foundation that comprises over 40 branches and associate centres in Myanmar and various countries. The Most Ven. Bhaddanta Āciṇṇa has been its abbot since 1981, succeeding the Ven. Phelhtaw Sayadaw Aggapañña at the latter's request.

The monastery provides an ideal setting for the long-term practice of meditation. The number of residents varies seasonally from approximately 1,500 to 2,500 during festive periods. This includes more than 300 foreign monks, nuns and lay practitioners, originating from over 20 countries.

MLC Transcription System
The Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System (1980), also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS), is a transliteration system for rendering Burmese in the Latin alphabet. It is loosely based on the common system for romanization of Pali, has some similarities to the ALA-LC romanization and was devised by the Myanmar Language Commission. The system is used in many linguistic publications regarding Burmese and is used in MLC publications as the primary form of romanization of Burmese.

The transcription system is based on the orthography of formal Burmese and is not suited for colloquial Burmese, which has substantial differences in phonology from formal Burmese. Differences are mentioned throughout the article.
Fellagha
The Fellagha, an Arabic word literally meaning "bandits" (الفلاقة, singular الفلاق), refers to groups of armed militants affiliated with anti-colonial movements in French North Africa.  It most often is used to refer to armed Algerian nationalists who adopted violent means in order to push the French out of Algeria as well as groups in Tunisia who did the same. They were particularly important during the Algerian War (1954–1962) led by the National Liberation Front.

Algerian nationalism
Algerian nationalism is pride in the Algerian identity and culture. It has been historically influenced by the conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and European countries, the French conquest of Algeria and the subsequent French colonial rule in Algeria, the Algerian War, and since independence by Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, pan-Arabism, and Islamism.
Loma (microsporidian)
Loma is a genus of microsporidian parasites, infecting fish. The taxonomic position of Loma in the family Glugeidae has been questioned by DNA sequencing results.

Species include

Loma acerinae – formerly placed in Glugea

Loma branchialis – the type species

Loma camerounensis – a parasite of the cichlid fish, Oreochromis niloticus

Loma dimorpha

Loma morhua

Loma myriophis – parasite of the ophichthid fish, Myrophis platyrhynchus

Loma salmonae – a parasite of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp.

Loma trichiuri - a parasite of a marine trichiurid fish, Trichiurus savala

Loma salmonae
Loma salmonae is a species of microsporidian parasite, infecting Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). L. salmonae  is the causative agent of microsporidial gill disease of salmon.  It is an intracellular parasite which induces respiratory distress, secondary infection, and increased mortality rates.
Quartermain Glacier
Quartermain Glacier (67°1′S 65°9′W﻿ / ﻿67.017°S 65.150°W﻿ / -67.017; -65.150) is a well-defined, highly crevassed glacier on the north side of Fricker Glacier, from which it is separated in its upper reaches by Mount Kennett. It flows from the plateau into Mill Inlet on the east coast of Graham Land, and was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Leslie B. Quartermain (Quartermain Mountains, Quartermain Point, q.v.), New Zealand historian of the Antarctic and author of South to the Pole. The early history of the Ross Sea Sector (London, 1967).

Crevasse
A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage along the faces.