hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mailvelope
Mailvelope is free software for end-to-end encryption of email traffic inside of a web browser (Firefox, Chromium or Edge) that integrates itself into existing webmail applications ("email websites"). It can be used to encrypt and sign electronic messages, including attached files, without the use of a separate, native email client (like Thunderbird) using the OpenPGP standard.

The name is a portmanteau of the words "mail" and "envelope". It is published together with its source code under the terms of version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL). The company Mailvelope GmbH runs the development using a public code repository on GitHub. Development is sponsored by the Open Technology Fund and Internews.

Similar alternatives had been Mymail-Crypt and WebPG.

Email attachment
An email attachment is a computer file sent along with an email message. One or more files can be attached to any email message, and be sent along with it to the recipient. This is typically used as a simple method to share documents and images.
Émile-Henri Brunner-Lacoste
Émile-Henri Brunner-Lacoste (1838–1881) was a French classical painter, mainly of genre scenes, landscapes, still lifes and murals.

The son of German flower painter Georg Brunner (1804 - 1882), he studied under his father and worked under Eugène Lepoittevin and A. Fauré.

In 1859 he started exhibiting at the Paris Salon.  Like his father, Émile Henri Brunner-Lacoste painted still lifes of flowers ("Hollyhocks") and fruit.

Brunne-Lacoste also contributed with the illustrations to Aesopian Fables by Jean de La Fontaine, such as those of "The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse".

He was also a decorative painter who worked on the Sub-Prefecture in Sceaux and on the London mansion of the Duke of Hamilton.

Jean de La Fontaine
Jean de La Fontaine (UK: /ˌlæ fɒnˈtɛn, -ˈteɪn/, US: /ˌlɑː fɒnˈteɪn, lə -, ˌlɑː foʊnˈtɛn/; French: [ʒɑ̃ d(ə) la fɔ̃tɛn]; 8 July 1621 – 13 April 1695) was a French fabulist and one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century. He is known above all for his Fables, which provided a model for subsequent fabulists across Europe and numerous alternative versions in France, as well as in French regional languages.

After a long period of royal suspicion, he was admitted to the Académie Française and his reputation in France has never faded since. Evidence of this is found in the many pictures and statues of the writer, later depictions on medals, coins and postage stamps.
Parties in the European Council during 2003
This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2003. The list below gives the political party that each head of government, or head of state, belonged to at the national level, as well as the European political alliance to which that national party belonged. The states are listed from most to least populous. More populous states have greater influence in the council, in accordance with the system of Qualified Majority Voting.

During the period in question there was a change of the governing party only in Finland. In April Anneli Jäätteenmäki of the  Centre Party succeeded Paavo Lipponen of the Social Democrats as State Minister (prime minister of Finland). She remained in office only until June when she resigned in a corruption scandal. She was succeeded by Matti Vanhanen from her own party.

European Council
The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body (directorial system) and a symbolic collective head of state, that defines the overall political direction and general priorities of the European Union (EU). It is composed of the heads of state or of government of the EU member states, the president of the European Council, and the president of the European Commission. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also takes part in its meetings.

Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the commencement of the Treaty of Lisbon. Its current president is António Costa, former prime minister of Portugal.
Binary entropy function
In information theory, the binary entropy function, denoted  or , is defined as the entropy of a Bernoulli process (i.i.d. binary variable)  with probability  of one of two values, and is given by the formula:

The base of the logarithm corresponds to the choice of units of information; base e (natural logarithm) corresponds to nats and is mathematically convenient, while base 2 (binary logarithm) corresponds to shannons and is conventional (as shown in the graph); explicitly:

Note that the values at 0 and 1 are given by the limit  (by L'Hôpital's rule); and that "binary" refers to two possible values for the variable, not the units of information.

When , the binary entropy function attains its maximum value of 1 shannon (1 binary unit of information); this is the case of an unbiased coin flip. When  or , the binary entropy is 0 (regardless of the unit), corresponding to no information, since there is no uncertainty in the variable.

Binary data
Binary data is data whose unit can take on only two possible states. These are often labelled as 0 and 1 in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra.

Binary data occurs in many different technical and scientific fields, where it can be called by different names including bit (binary digit) in computer science, truth value in mathematical logic and related domains and binary variable in statistics.
Video Hustler
Video Hustler (ビデオ・ハスラ一 Bideo Hasurā) is a pool (pocket billiards) arcade video game released by Konami in 1981. Dynamo released the game under the name Lil' Hustler. The gameplay is basically billiards, but with numbered, color-coded pucks on top of a lacquered plywood-made, green board, similar to carrom. On September 11, 2025, the game got ported as part of the Arcade Archives series.

Carrom
Carrom is a tabletop game of Indian origin in which players flick discs, attempting to knock them to the corners of the board, in a similar fashion to billiards. Throughout South Asia, many clubs and cafés hold regular carrom tournaments. Carrom is commonly played by families, including children, and at social gatherings. Different standards and rules exist in different areas.
Rokytne Raion, Kyiv Oblast
Rokytne Raion (Ukrainian: Рокитнянський район) was a raion (district) in Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Rokytne. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven. The area of Rokytne Raion was merged into Bila Tserkva Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was  25,729 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of one hromada, Rokytne settlement hromada with the administration in Rokytne.

Rokytne settlement hromada
Rokytne settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Рокитнянська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Bila Tserkva Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Rokytne.

It has an area of 664.8 square kilometres (256.7 mi2) and a population of 25,279, as of 2020.

The hromada includes 23 settlements: 1 town (Rokytne), and 22 villages:
Aloysia fiebrigii
Aloysia fiebrigii is a species in the genus Aloysia in the family Verbenaceae. It is native to high elevation in the Andes of Bolivia.

Aloysia fiebrigii is distinguished by whorled, arcuate leves, short spikes (7–17 mm long), short calyces 1.2-1.6 mm long, and bractlets approximately the same length as the calyx. The calyces are densely glandular and minutely strigose.

Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring

Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
USS Nero
USS Nero (AC–17), a steel steam collier, was launched in 1894 as the steamer Whitgift by J.L. Thompson and Sons, Sunderland, England. The vessel was purchased on 30 June 1898 from McCondray and Co. at San Francisco and commissioned on 8 June 1898.

J. L. Thompson and Sons
J. L. Thompson and Sons was a shipyard on the River Wear, Sunderland, which produced ships from the mid-18th century until the 1980s. The world-famous Liberty Ship was among the designs to be created, produced and manufactured at the yard's base at North Sands.
Carl Ashley
Carl Ashley is an American lawyer and judge from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  He is the chief judge of the 1st district of Wisconsin circuit courts (since 2023), and has served as a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Milwaukee County since 1999.  Before his election to the judiciary, he served as a public defender.

Carl Ashley's niece, Kori Ashley, is also a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Milwaukee.

Public defender
A public defender is a lawyer appointed to represent people who otherwise cannot reasonably afford to hire a lawyer to defend themselves in a trial. Several countries provide people with public defenders, including the UK, Belgium, Hungary and Singapore, and some states of Australia. Brazil is the only country in which an office of government-paid lawyers with the specific purpose of providing full legal assistance and representation to the needy free of charge is established in the constitution. The Sixth Amendment to the US Constitution, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, requires the US government to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants in criminal cases. Public defenders in the United States are lawyers employed by or under contract with county, state or federal governments.
Harry Wendelstedt
Harry Hunter Wendelstedt Jr. (July 27, 1938 – March 9, 2012) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League from 1966 to 1998. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Wendelstedt umpired in the World Series in 1973, 1980, 1986, 1991 and 1995, serving as crew chief in 1980 and 1995. He also officiated in seven National League Championship Series (1970, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1988, 1990), four All-Star games (1968, 1976, 1983, 1992), and three National League Division Series (1995, 1996, 1997). He wore uniform number 21.

1996 National League Division Series
The 1996 National League Division Series (NLDS), the opening round of the National League side in Major League Baseball’s 1996 postseason, began on Tuesday, October 1, and ended on Saturday, October 5, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. The teams were:

(1) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champion, 96–66) vs. (4) Los Angeles Dodgers (Wild Card, 90–72): Braves won series, 3–0.

(2) San Diego Padres (Western Division champion, 91–71) vs. (3) St. Louis Cardinals (Central Division champion, 88–74): Cardinals won series, 3–0.

The St. Louis Cardinals and Atlanta Braves both swept their Division Series, and went on to meet in the NL Championship Series (NLCS). The Braves would rally to win that series four games to three and become the National League champion, but would lose to the American League champion New York Yankees in the 1996 World Series.
Ares I-X
Ares I-X was the first-stage prototype and design concept demonstrator of Ares I, a launch system for human spaceflight developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Ares I-X was successfully launched on October 28, 2009. The project cost was $445 million. It was the final launch from LC-39B until Artemis I, which launched 13 years later.

The Ares I-X vehicle used in the test flight was similar in shape, mass, and size to the planned configuration of later Ares I vehicles, but had largely dissimilar internal hardware consisting of only one powered stage. Ares I vehicles were intended to launch Orion crew exploration vehicles. Along with the Ares V launch system and the Altair lunar lander, Ares I and Orion were part of NASA's Constellation program, which was developing spacecraft for U.S. human spaceflight after the Space Shuttle retirement.

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.
2013 Carinthian state election
The 2013 Carinthian state election was held on 3 March 2013 to elect the members of the Landtag of Carinthia.

The election saw a massive shift in Carinthian politics, which had been dominated by the Freedom Party in Carinthia (FPK) and Governor Jörg Haider since the 1990s. After Haider's death in 2008, he was succeeded by Gerhard Dörfler. After winning the 2009 election, Dörfler's government suffered a string of scandals and the FPK's popularity plummeted. Ultimately, they suffered a catastrophic loss of 28 percentage points, the worst ever suffered by a party in post-war Austria. They finished on 16.8%, a distant second place behind the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), which won 37.1%. The Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) retained third place, but declined to 14.4%. Apart from the SPÖ, other beneficiaries of the FPK's collapse were The Greens, Team Stronach, and Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ), who each made significant gains.

Gerhard Dörfler
Gerhard Dörfler (born 29 May 1955) is an Austrian politician, who served as Governor of Carinthia from 27 October 2008 (acting since 11 October), following Governor Jörg Haider's sudden death in a car accident, to 28 March 2013.

Dörfler is a member of the Freedom Party in Carinthia (FPK). Until 2017 he served in the Federal Council, where he represented his home state Carinthia.
William Douglas Macleod
William Douglas Macleod, also known as W.D. Macleod, (1 January 1892 – 21 March 1963) was a Scottish etcher who produced around 160 recorded plates between 1913 and 1949. He also painted in oil, made pencil and pastel drawings and created poster images for the British Railways' West Highland Line.

West Highland Line
The West Highland Line (Scottish Gaelic: Rathad Iarainn nan Eilean – "Iron Road to the Isles") is a railway line linking the ports of Mallaig and Oban in the Scottish Highlands to Glasgow in Central Scotland. The line was voted the top rail journey in the world by readers of independent travel magazine Wanderlust in 2009, ahead of the notable Trans-Siberian line in Russia and the Cuzco to Machu Picchu line in Peru. The ScotRail website has since reported that the line has been voted the most scenic railway line in the world for the second year running.

The West Highland Line is one of two railway lines that access the remote and mountainous west coast of Scotland, the other being the Kyle of Lochalsh Line which connects Inverness with Kyle of Lochalsh. The line is the westernmost railway line in Great Britain.

At least in part, the West Highland Line is the same railway line as that referred to as the West Highland Railway.
Kho kho in India
Kho kho is a popular traditional Indian game that is a variation of tag. Within India, it is played between states in the National Games of India and Khelo India and between franchise teams in the Ultimate Kho Kho league, which has the backing of the Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI). At the international level, India plays kho kho in the South Asian Games and the Kho Kho World Cup.

Tag (game)
Tag (also called chase, tig, it, tiggy, tips, tick, on-on and tip) is a playground game involving one or more players chasing other players in an attempt to "tag" and mark them out of play, typically by touching with a hand. There are many variations; most forms have no teams, scores, or equipment. Usually when a person is tagged, the tagger says, "It!", "Tag, you're 'It'!" or "Tag". The last one tagged during tag is "It" for the next round. The game is known by other names in various parts of the world, including "running and catching" in India,  "catch and cook" in the Middle East, "lelu" in Vanuatu, and "berek" in Poland.
Arman Smailov
Arman Smailov (Kazakh: Арман Смаилов, Arman Smaılov; born 26 August 1981) is a rally driver from Kazakhstan. Making his WRC debut at the 2010 Rally Finland made Smailov the first WRC driver from independent Kazakhstan. He has set many Kazakh records in the World Rally Championship in the process.

In 2013, he drove in the 2013 WRC-2 season in a Subaru Impreza STi, and recorded a best finish of 4th in Australia, winning the Production Class. This made him the first Kazakh winner.

World Rally Championship
The World Rally Championship (WRC) is an international rallying series owned and governed by the FIA. Inaugurated in 1973, it is the second oldest FIA world championship (after Formula One). Each season lasts one calendar year, and typically consists of 13 three- to four-day rally events driven on surfaces ranging from gravel and tarmac to snow and ice. Each rally is usually split into 15–25 special stages which are run against the clock on up to 350 kilometres (220 mi) of closed roads.

Separate championship titles are awarded to drivers, co-drivers and manufacturers. There are also two support championships, WRC2 and WRC3, which are contested on the same events and stages as the WRC, but with progressively lower maximum performance and running costs of the cars permitted. Junior WRC is also contested by younger drivers on five events of the World Rally Championship calendar.
Hermann Max
Hermann Max (born 1941 in Goslar) is a German choral conductor.

In 1977, he founded the Jugendkantorei Dormagen, which in 1985 became the basis of the Rheinische Kantorei and Das Kleine Konzert. In 1992, he founded the Knechtsteden Early Music Festival.

The Rheinische Kantorei and Das Kleine Konzert under Max have a discography of over 100 recordings focussing on the German choral repertory, particularly the Bach family: J. S. Bach, W. F. Bach, W. F. E. Bach, J. C. F. Bach, J. C. Bach, C. P. E. Bach, the distantly related J. L. Bach, and the last of the composing Bachs J. M. Bach the Younger, as well as Telemann, Graupner, Hummel, Naumann, Andreas Romberg, Johann Heinrich Rolle and others.

Johann Christian Bach
Johann Christian Bach (5 September 1735 – 1 January 1782) was a German composer of the Classical era, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach. He received his early musical training from his father, and later from his half-brother, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in Berlin. After his time in Berlin he made his way to Italy to study with famous Padre Martini in Bologna. While in Italy, J.C. Bach was appointed as an organist at the Milan Cathedral. In 1762 he became a composer to the King’s Theatre in London where he wrote a number of successful Italian operas and became known as "The English Bach". He is responsible for the development of the sinfonia concertante form. He became one of the most influential figures of the classical period, influencing compositional styles of prolific composers like Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Solicitor-General (New Zealand)
The Solicitor-General is the second law officer of state in New Zealand. The Solicitor-General is also the chief executive of the Crown Law Office, that comprises lawyers employed to represent the Attorney-General in court proceedings in New Zealand. The current Solicitor-General is Una Jagose.

Under section 9A of the Constitution Act 1986 the Solicitor-General can exercise almost all of the statutory functions conferred on the Attorney-General. As the non-political Law Officer, the Solicitor-General has traditionally assumed responsibility for the exercise of those functions that should be undertaken independently of the political process. The Crown Law Office supervises the prosecution of major criminal offences, with most prosecutions being conducted by regional law firms that act as Crown Solicitors.

Department of Internal Affairs
The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA; Māori: Te Tari Taiwhenua) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with issuing passports; administering applications for citizenship and lottery grants; enforcing censorship and gambling laws; registering births, deaths, marriages and civil unions; supplying support services to ministers; and advising the government on a range of relevant policies and issues.

Other services provided by the department include a translation service, publication of the New Zealand Gazette (the official government newspaper), a flag hire service, management of VIP visits to New Zealand, running the Lake Taupō harbourmaster's office (under a special agreement with the local iwi) and the administration of offshore islands.
Connie Madigan
Cornelius Dennis "Mad Dog" Madigan (October 4, 1934 – January 2, 2024) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 20 games in the National Hockey League with the St. Louis Blues during the 1972–73 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1955 to 1976, was spent in the minor leagues. Madigan was the oldest rookie in NHL history, aged 38.

Rookie
A rookie is a person new to an occupation, profession, or hobby. In sports, a rookie is a professional athlete in their first season (or year).

In contrast with a veteran, who has experience, a rookie is typically considered needing more training and learning, though they may bring a new outside expertise to a job.
Montana inferior courts
Inferior courts in Montana, also known as courts of limited jurisdiction, refer to those courts of law, established by the Constitution of Montana or authorized by law, with limited jurisdictions. These courts consist of City Courts, Justice Courts, and Municipal Courts.  Inferior courts may be courts of record (in that a transcript of all proceedings is made), or they may not.  Appeals from inferior courts are made to Montana District Courts.

Search warrant
A search warrant is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct a search of a person, location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime and to confiscate any evidence they find.  In most countries, a search warrant cannot be issued in aid of civil process.

Jurisdictions that respect the rule of law and a right to privacy constrain police powers, and typically require search warrants or an equivalent procedure for searches police conducted in the course of a criminal investigation. The laws usually make an exception for hot pursuit: a police officer following a criminal who has fled the scene of a crime has the right to enter a property where the criminal has sought shelter. The necessity for a search warrant and its abilities vary from country to country. In certain authoritarian nations, police officers may be allowed to search individuals and property without having to obtain permission or provide justification for their actions.