hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anarthraspis
Anarthraspis is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm fishes which lived during the Early Devonian period. It contains two species described in 1932, Anarthraspis chamberlini and Anarthraspis montanus, both found in the Beartooth Butte Formation of Wyoming and Montana, USA, and assigned to the genus in 1934.

The type species, Anarthraspis chamberlini, was a contemporary of the placoderm Bryantolepis. The specific epithet, chamberlini, honours British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.

Anarthraspis is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below:

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Universities of Wales Air Squadron
The Universities of Wales Air Squadron is a University Air Squadron of the Royal Air Force's Volunteer Reserve for students from Cardiff University, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Swansea University, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, University of South Wales, Glamorgan University, and Aberystwyth University. It was founded in 1963.

University of South Wales
The University of South Wales (USW; Welsh: Prifysgol De Cymru) is a public university in Wales, with campuses in Cardiff, Newport and Pontypridd. It was formed on 11 April 2013 from the merger of the University of Glamorgan and the University of Wales, Newport. The university is the second largest university in Wales in terms of its student numbers, and offers over 300 undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The university has three main faculties across its campuses in South Wales.
2024 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 2024 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 93rd staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1929. The championship ran from 27 March to 7 July 2024.

Derry are the defending champions.

1929 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1929 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Clare won the championship following a 5-3 to 3-5 defeat of Longford in the All-Ireland final. It remains their only All-Ireland title in this grade.
History of Koreans in Baltimore
The history of Koreans in Baltimore dates back to the mid-20th century. The Korean-American community in Baltimore began to grow in the 1960s and reached its peak between the 1970s and 1990s. The Korean population is anchored in central Baltimore, particularly the neighborhoods of Station North and Charles Village, a portion of which has a historic Koreatown. Since the 1990s, the Korean-American population has decreased due to suburbanization, with many Korean-Americans settling in nearby Howard County.

David J. Kim
David Jhoon Kim (born March 6, 1979) is the former CEO and co-founder of C2 Education Centers which he founded in his college dorm room along with Jim Narangajavana. Currently, he is the publisher of Teen Ink. He previously served on the boards of the Atlanta Zoo, Maryland Consumer Protection Board, the Washington Youth Foundation, and commissioner on the Montgomery County Commission on Children and Youth from 2003 to 2005.

On June 7, 2017, David announced that he would be challenging Republican incumbent Rob Woodall to represent Georgia's 7th Congressional District in the 2018. He placed second in the democratic primary with 25.98% of the vote, and also placed second in the runoff election with 48.18% of the vote.
Telescopic toilet
A telescopic toilet, retractable toilet, or pop-up toilet, is a type of toilet which is stored underground and then raised (usually hydraulically) above ground when in use.

A very common type of telescopic toilet is a telescopic urinal, and they have often been employed at nighttimes or on weekends to discourage street urination.

Urination
Urination is the release of urine from the bladder through the urethra in placental mammals,: 38, 364  or through the cloaca in other vertebrates. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including peeing, weeing, pissing, and euphemistically number one. The process of urination is under voluntary control in healthy humans and other animals, but may occur as a reflex in infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury. It is normal for adult humans to urinate up to seven times during the day.

In some animals, in addition to expelling waste material, urination can mark territory or express submissiveness. Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. Brain centres that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex.
Peanut butter and pickle sandwich
A peanut butter and pickle sandwich (PB&P) consists of bread, peanut butter, and pickles (bread-and-butter or kosher dills can both be used). The pickles in the peanut butter and pickle sandwich add a crunchy, and tangy feeling in the sandwich.  It dates to the Depression era and has attracted attention for its appeal to stereotypical pregnancy cravings. The New York Times called it "a thrifty and unacknowledged American classic."

Peanut butter
Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts. It commonly contains additional ingredients that modify the taste or texture, such as salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers. Consumed in many countries, it is the most commonly used of the nut butters, a group that also includes cashew butter and almond butter.

Peanut butter is a nutrient-rich food containing high levels of protein, several vitamins, and dietary minerals. It is typically served as a spread on bread, toast, or crackers and used to make sandwiches (notably the peanut butter and jelly sandwich). It is also used in a number of breakfast dishes and desserts, such as granola, smoothies, crepes, cookies, brownies, or croissants.
Stamen Grigorov
Stamen Gigov Grigorov (Bulgarian: Стамен Гигов Григоров; 27 October 1878 – 27 October 1945) was a prominent Bulgarian physician and microbiologist. He discovered the Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacillus, used in the making of yogurt.

Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies and in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.
Emily Riehl
Emily Riehl is an American mathematician who has contributed to higher category theory and homotopy theory. Much of her work, including her PhD thesis, concerns model structures and more recently the foundations of infinity-categories. She is the author of two textbooks and serves on the editorial boards of three journals.

Higher category theory
In mathematics, higher category theory is the part of category theory at a higher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicit arrows in order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology (especially in homotopy theory), where one studies algebraic invariants of spaces, such as the fundamental weak ∞-groupoid.

In higher category theory, the concept of higher categorical structures, such as (∞-categories), allows for a more robust treatment of homotopy theory, enabling one to capture finer homotopical distinctions, such as differentiating two topological spaces that have the same fundamental group but differ in their higher homotopy groups. This approach is particularly valuable when dealing with spaces with intricate topological features, such as the Eilenberg-MacLane space.
Henry Joseph Twynam
Sir Henry Joseph Twynam, KCSI, CIE (24 April 1887 – 21 October 1966) was a British administrator in India. He was Governor of the Central Provinces and Berar from 1940 to 1946.

Twynam joined the Indian Civil Service in 1909.

Tywnam was appointed a CIE in 1934, CSI in 1937, and KCSI in 1940.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
U8TV: The Lofters
U8TV: The Lofters is a Canadian reality television series, which aired on the Life Network and online on the internet television channel U8TV.com, in 2001 and 2002. It was created by Zev Shalev, Lili Shalev-Shawn and Fiorella Grossi, its co-founders and executive producers. The show followed the lives of eight Canadians in their 20s who lived together in a Toronto loft for a one-year period, while at the same time producing and hosting their own television programs for Life Network or other cable TV networks, and for the website U8TV.com.

It followed up on a project that Shalev had spearheaded during his time as producer of Canada AM in the 1990s, in which a man and a woman were confined to a loft for one week to test how well they would get by with only a credit card and the Internet for contact with the outside world.

Slice (TV channel)
Slice is a Canadian English language specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel primarily broadcasts programming targeting young adult women, including comedy, reality, lifestyle, and true crime programming.

It was launched on January 1, 1995, as Life Network under the ownership of Atlantis Communications. Atlantis was acquired by Alliance Communications in 1998 and Life Network was relaunched as Slice on March 5, 2007. In 2008, Canwest and Goldman Sachs acquired Alliance Atlantis, and the channel's ownership was later sold to Shaw Media in 2010, and ultimately, Corus in April 2016.
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a type of dictatorship where supreme power is held and exercised by the armed forces. Military dictatorships are usually led by the commander-in-chief of the military or the leading figure in military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or by the empowerment of the military through a popular uprising in times of domestic unrest or instability. The military nominally seeks power to restore order or fight corruption, but the personal motivations of military officers will vary.

Modern military dictatorship developed in Latin America during the 19th century, and it expanded in Europe during the early-20th century. It saw a resurgence during the Cold War, and new military dictatorships were established in Africa, Asia, and Latin America in the 1960s. Some scholars have asserted that the number of military dictatorships has declined since the end of the Cold War.

Political faction
A political faction is a group of people with a common political purpose, especially a subgroup of a political party that has interests or opinions different from the rest of the political party. Intragroup conflict between factions can lead to schism of the political party into two political parties. The ley de lemas electoral system allows the voters to indicate on the ballot their preference for political factions within a political party. Political factions can represent voting blocs. Political factions require a weaker party discipline. Research indicates that factions can play an important role in moving their host party along the ideological spectrum.
KOUL
KOUL (107.7 FM) is a terrestrial radio station, broadcasting a Bilingual rhythmic CHR format. It is licensed to Agua Dulce, Texas, United States, and serves the Corpus Christi area.  The station is owned by Minerva R. Lopez. KOUL is simulcast on FM translator K228XM at 93.5 MHz, licensed to Corpus Christi, Texas.

Agua Dulce, Nueces County, Texas
Agua Dulce (/ɑːwəˈdulsɪ/ ah-wə-DOOL-sih) is a city in Nueces County, in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located on the Texas Mexican Railway at the intersection of State Highway 44 and Farm to Market Road 70 in west-central Nueces County. The name, Spanish for "sweet water", refers to a nearby creek and The Battle of Agua Dulce Creek was a major battle in the Mexican-American War. A town in Texas, Sweetwater in Nolan County in West Texas, uses the English name.

The town was established by the 1900s.

The population of Agua Dulce was 685 in the 2020 census.
Cedar Lake (Maine)
Cedar Lake is a lake in Penobscot, Maine. It is one of many lakes in the region. While it is not as large as some of the other popular lakes, it is one of the few whose water levels are not controlled by the local hydropower company. As it is a smaller lake, it is much easier to navigate by boat than some of the larger lakes, without fear of hitting large rocks. White perch is the main fish source for this lake. About half of the lake is developed and is accessed year-round by a gravel road.

White perch
The white perch (Morone americana) is not a true perch but is a fish of the temperate bass family, Moronidae, notable as a food and game fish in eastern North America. In some places it is referred to as "Silver Bass".

The common name "white perch" is sometimes applied to the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Badby Wood
Badby Wood is a 47.2-hectare (117-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) south of Badby in Northamptonshire.

This is ancient semi-natural woodland on acidic soils, and it has been forested for over 700 years. It is mainly pedunculate oak, with varied ground flora including creeping soft-grass, wood anemone, yellow archangel and bluebell. A small marsh has very diverse herbs.

There is access by footpaths from Badby. Much of the eastern half of the wood falls outside the SSSI.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
Craig Pardy
Craig Pardy is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 2019 provincial election. He represents the electoral district of Bonavista as a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador Progressive Conservative Party. He was re-elected in the 2021 provincial election. Pardy supported Tony Wakeham in the 2023 provincial PC party leadership race.

Prior to politics, Pardy was a teacher and served as Chairperson of the Milton local service district and later as Mayor of the incorporated town of George's Brook-Milton. Pardy was diagnosed with cancer in 2021.

Pardy was re-elected in the 2025 Newfoundland and Labrador general election.

On October 29, 2025 Pardy was appointed Minister of Finance, President of Treasury board, Minister of Seniors, Minister Responsible for the Public Service Commission, Minister Responsible for the Newfoundland and Labrador Liquor Corporation.

Bonavista (electoral district)
Bonavista is a provincial electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, which is represented by one member in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly. It was contested for the first time in the 2015 provincial election.

Prior to the district's creation in 2015, the area was largely represented by the district of Bonavista South.
Models of migration to the Philippines
Since H. Otley Beyer first proposed his wave migration theory, numerous scholars have approached the question of how, when and why humans first came to the Philippines. The current scientific consensus favors the "Out of Taiwan" model, which broadly match linguistic, genetic, archaeological, and cultural evidence.

Sundaland
Sundaland (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. It includes Bali, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra in Indonesia, and their surrounding small islands, as well as the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia.
New Nation Movement NPC v President of the Republic of South Africa
New Nation Movement NPC and Others v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others, [2020] ZACC 11, is a decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, handed down on 11 June 2020, which declared that the Constitution requires that citizens be allowed to stand for election to the National Assembly and provincial legislatures as independents without having to join or form a political party. The declaration was suspended for 24 months to allow Parliament to modify the electoral laws to comply. The majority judgment was written by Justice Madlanga and a concurring opinion was written by Justice Jafta; these opinions were supported by eight of the nine judges hearing the case. Justice Froneman filed a dissenting opinion.

Mbuyiseli Madlanga
Mbuyiseli Russel Madlanga (born 27 March 1962) is a retired South African judge who served as a justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa from 2013 to 2025. At the time of his retirement, he had served as Acting Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa, following the elevation of Mandisa Maya to Chief Justice. Since leaving the bench, he has chaired the Madlanga Commission.

He joined the Constitutional Court bench on 1 August 2013 on the appointment of President Jacob Zuma. Formerly an advocate in the Eastern Cape, he first served as a judge in the Transkei Division between 1996 and 2001.
3BHK (soundtrack)
3BHK is the soundtrack album to the 2025 film of the same name directed by Sri Ganesh and produced by Arun Viswa of Shanthi Talkies, starring Siddharth, R. Sarathkumar, Devayani, Meetha Raghunath, Chaithra J Achar and Yogi Babu. The film's soundtrack and background score are composed by Amrit Ramnath in his sophomore outing after Varshangalkku Shesham (2024). The album featured nine songs with lyrics written by Karthik Netha, Vivek, Paal Dabba and Ganesh himself. Preceded by two singles—"Kanavellam" and "Idi Mazhai"—the soundtrack was released on 26 June 2025, under the Think Music label.

Vivek (lyricist)
Vivek Velmurugan, known by his stage name Vivek, is an Indian lyricist working on Tamil language films. After making his debut in Enakkul Oruvan (2015), he received critical acclaim for his work in 36 Vayadhinile (2015), Jil Jung Juk (2016), Mersal (2017), Sarkar (2018), Petta (2019), Bigil (2019), Jagame Thandhiram (2021), Varisu (2023) and Retro (2025). His songs "Aalaporan Thamizhan", "Marana Mass", "Verithanam" , "Tum Tum", "Ranjithame", "Matta" and "Kanimaa" hit 100 million views on Youtube. Vivek has worked on over 200+ songs.
Allyson Ingram
Allyson Ingram Walts (born October 7, 1963) is an American former professional tennis player.

A native of Scottsdale, Ingram was an Arizona state singles champion during her time at Saguaro High School. She played collegiate tennis for both Oklahoma State University and Arizona State University.

Ingraham had a best singles ranking of 304 in the world and made her WTA Tour main draw debut at the 1987 Virginia Slims of Arizona.

Her husband, Butch Walts, was also a professional tennis player.

Butch Walts
Butch Walts (born June 4, 1955) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

During his career, Walts won 4 singles titles and 15 doubles titles. He reached the quarter finals of the 1978 US Open, beating defending champion Guillermo Vilas before losing to John McEnroe. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32 in 1979 and a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 23 in 1984. In 1981 Walts overcame testicular cancer and had surgery and chemotherapy.
WWE Day of Reckoning
WWE Day of Reckoning is a 2004 professional wrestling video game released for the GameCube console by THQ. The game is based on World Wrestling Entertainment, and many of the wrestlers who were on the WWE roster at the time of release were included as player characters. The game also features the option to create wrestlers.

The game's single-player mode involves the player guiding a created wrestler through the ranks as a rookie and into main event stardom on either of WWE's brands Raw or SmackDown!.

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
Hibbert Newton Binney
Hibbert Newton Binney (1766–1842) was a soldier in the Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment in the American Revolution.  He became a member of the Nova Scotia Council.  He was also a painter who created some of the earliest images of the Mi'kmaq people.  He was the grandson of Henry Newton and the son of Jonathan Binney who was a signatory to one of the Halifax Treaties with the Mi'kmaq.   Hibbert is buried in the Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia).  There is a mural tablet at St. Paul's Church (Halifax) to his son commander Lieut. John Binney and 11 crew of the mail packet brig Star, that all died at sea.  His grandfathers were Henry Newton (politician) and Bishop Hibbert Binney.  He was also the son-in-law of John Creighton (judge).

Signature
A signature (/ˈsɪɡnɪtʃər, ˈsɪɡnətʃər/; from Latin: signare, "to sign") is a depiction of someone's name, nickname, or even a simple "X" or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof of identity and intent. Signatures are often, but not always, handwritten or stylized. The writer of a signature is a signatory or signer. A signature may be confused with an autograph, which is chiefly an artistic signature. This can lead to confusion when people have both an autograph and signature and as such some people in the public eye keep their signatures private whilst fully publishing their autograph.