hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congress of Ems
The Congress of Ems was a meeting set up by the four prince-archbishops of the Holy Roman Empire, and held in August 1786 at Bad Ems in the Electorate of Trier. Its object was to protest against papal interference in the exercise of episcopal powers, and to fix the future relations between the participating archbishops and the pope. Representatives of the three elector-archbishops: Friedrich Karl von Erthal of Mainz, Maximilian Franz of Cologne, Clemens Wenceslaus of Trier, as well as of Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus von Colloredo of Salzburg took part.

Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria
Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria (Maximilian Franz Xaver Joseph Johann Anton de Paula Wenzel; 8 December 1756 – 27 July 1801) was Elector of Cologne and Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from 1780 until his death. Influenced by Enlightenment ideals, he sought to implement reforms in various political fields. During the First Coalition War, his territories on the left bank of the Rhine were occupied and later annexed by France. He was the youngest child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. He was the last fully functioning Elector of Cologne and the second employer and patron of the young Ludwig van Beethoven.
Sold Out on You
Sold Out on You (Korean: 오늘도 매진했습니다) is an upcoming South Korean romantic comedy workplace television series written by Jin Seung-hee, directed by Ahn Jong-yeon, and starring Ahn Hyo-seop and Chae Won-bin. The series depicts the story of two people who are sincere and passionate about their work but surprisingly neglectful of themselves, as their lives become intertwined 24 hours a day. It is scheduled to premiere on SBS TV in the second quarter of 2026 and will be available for streaming on Netflix.

Park Ah-in
Park Ah-in (Korean: 박아인; born 12 February 1985) is a South Korean actress. She is an alumna of Chung-Ang University, Department of Theater and Film, where she earned a bachelor's degree in Theater Studies. She made her acting debut in 2006 in the horror film Forbidden Floor and since then has appeared in a number of films and television series, including Loner (2008), A Gentleman's Dignity (2012), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Vagabond (2019), Never Twice (2019) and Kkondae Intern (2020).
Mirativity
In linguistics, mirativity, initially proposed by Scott DeLancey, is a grammatical category in a language, independent of evidentiality, that encodes the speaker's surprise or the unpreparedness of their mind. Grammatical elements that encode the semantic category of mirativity are called miratives (abbreviated MIR).

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Government of Colombia
The Government of Colombia is a unitary presidential republic with separation of powers into an executive, judicial, and legislative branch. The executive is led by the president, who acts as both the head of state and government, the judiciary includes four high courts which manage different fields of the law, and the national legislature is a bicameral congress composed of the senate and chamber of representatives.

The country is principally divided into 32 departments and one capital district.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Colombia a "flawed democracy" in 2024.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
LaCale London
LaCale London (born August 5, 1997) is an American professional football nose tackle for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Western Illinois Leathernecks and was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2020.

Western Illinois Leathernecks football
The Western Illinois Leathernecks football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Western Illinois University, located in Macomb, Illinois. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). They are members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC), and play their games as part of the OVC–Big South Football Association, which combines teams from the Ohio Valley and Big South conferences. The team plays its home games at the 16,368 seat Hanson Field.
Troschel's tree frog
Troschel's treefrog (Boana calcarata), also known as the blue-flanked treefrog or the convict treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in most parts of the Amazon Basin including Suriname. Colombian, Guianan and Venezuelan records need confirmation.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Arm in Arm Down the Street (1966 film)
Arm in Arm Down the Street (Spanish: Del brazo y por la calle) is a 1966 Argentine and Spanish comedy-drama film directed by Enrique Carreras and starring Rodolfo Bebán, Evangelina Salazar and Susana Campos. It won the Silver Condor Award for Best Film, given by the Argentine Film Critics Association in 1967 for the best picture of the previous year.

Enrique Carreras
Enrique Carreras (6 January 1925 – 29 August 1995) was a Peruvian-born Argentine film director, screenwriter and film producer. He was one of the most prolific film directors in the history of the cinema of Argentina and a prominent figure of the classical era of Argentine cinema.
Partizansk
Partizansk (Russian: Партиза́нск) is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on a spur of the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, about 170 kilometers (110 mi) east of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. As of the 2010 census, the population is population 38,659.

Nakhodka
Nakhodka (Russian: Нахо́дка, IPA: [nɐˈxotkə], means "finding") is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trudny Peninsula jutting into the Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan, about 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Vladivostok (169 kilometers by car ), the administrative center of the krai. Population:  159,719 (2010 Census); 148,826 (2002 Census); 160,056 (1989 Soviet census).
Distaff
A distaff (/ˈdɪstɑːf/, /ˈdɪstæf/, also called a rock) is a tool used in spinning. It is designed to hold the unspun fibers, keeping them untangled and thus easing the spinning process. It is most commonly used to hold flax and sometimes wool, but can be used for any type of fibre. Fiber is wrapped around the distaff and tied in place with a piece of ribbon or string. The word comes from Low German dis, meaning a bunch of flax, connected with staff.

As an adjective, the term distaff  is used to describe the female side of a family. The corresponding term for the male side of a family is the "spear" side.

Fiber
Fiber (spelled fibre in British English; from Latin: fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers have some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.
2013 Rose of Tralee
The 2013 Rose of Tralee was the 55th edition of the annual Irish international festival, held on 19-20 August 2013 at the Festival Dome, in Tralee, County Kerry. The festival ran for a total of 7 days; two additional days were added due to The Gathering Ireland 2013. Many acts performed in Tralee during the festival, including; JLS, Ryan Dolan, The Coronas, Sharon Shannon and The Stunning. Shane Filan made his debut solo performance during the televised selection show on 20 August.

The Texas Rose, 25-year-old Haley O'Sullivan, was named as the 2013 International Rose of Tralee. This was the first time ever that Texas had won the event, and it was the first US victory at the event in six years when the New York Rose Lisa Murtagh was named the 2007 International Rose of Tralee. A memorable highlight from the festival was when the boyfriend of the New Orleans rose proposed to her during the live TV broadcast.

The Gathering Ireland 2013
The Gathering Ireland 2013, referred to as The Gathering  was a tourism-led initiative in Ireland. It aimed to mobilise the Irish diaspora to return to Ireland during 2013 to be part of specially organised local gatherings and events during the year. It was a government supported initiative driven primarily by Fáilte Ireland, the National Tourism Development Authority, and Tourism Ireland. The concept relied on grassroots initiatives of private individuals, and non-governmental organisations. The Gathering was not a single event but provided an umbrella framework for varying activities throughout 2013, from family reunions and clan gatherings to sports fixtures. While the initiative was primarily directed at the Irish diaspora, and those with other links to the country, the organisers hoped the experience for the general tourist would also be enhanced.

It began on 1 January 2013 and ended on 31 December 2013.
Pauljensenia
Pauljensenia is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Actinomycetaceae. It was established in 2018 during a genome-based taxonomic reorganization of the phylum Actinomycetota, and currently contains a single validly published species, Pauljensenia hongkongensis. The genus is named in honor of microbiologist Paul R. Jensen, noted for his contributions to the study of marine actinomycetes.

Microbiologist
A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies and in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.
Corinth Head
Corinth Head is a rocky headland 0.5 nautical miles (1 km) southeast of Rogers Head, overlooking the west side of Corinthian Bay, on the north side of Heard Island. The feature appears to have been roughly charted by the First German Antarctica Expedition under Erich von Drygalski, who made a running survey of the north side of the island in 1902. It was resurveyed by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1948, and so named by them because of its close association with Corinthian Bay.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)
The Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro was a military action in the Balkans in the final weeks of World War I. Between 29 September and 11 November 1918, the Allied Army of the Orient liberated these three countries from occupation by the Central Powers.

Adriatic question
In the aftermath of the First World War, the Adriatic question or Adriatic problem concerned the fate of the territories along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea that formerly belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The roots of the dispute lay in the secret Treaty of London, signed during the war (26 April 1915), and in growing nationalism, especially Italian irredentism and Yugoslavism, which led ultimately to the creation of Yugoslavia. The question was a major barrier to agreement at the  Paris Peace Conference, but was partially resolved by the Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia on 12 November 1920.
Čižići
Čižići is a village located on the northeastern part of the Croatian island of Krk. It is part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 133 inhabitants. The village has a harbor providing access to the Soline Bay and the Vinodol Channel. The villages of Klimno and Soline are located on the opposite side of the bay.

Vinodol Channel
Vinodol Channel (Italian: Canale Meltempo or Maltempo) is a channel between the island of Krk and the Croatian coastline proceeding past Jadranovo, Dramalj, and Crikvenica to Novi Vinodolski.

45°09′41″N 14°40′20″E﻿ / ﻿45.16142472°N 14.67221323°E﻿ / 45.16142472; 14.67221323
Langxia station
Langxia station (Chinese: 朗下; pinyin: Lǎngxià Zhàn; Jyutping: Long5 Haa6 Zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Lóhnghah Jaahm) is a station on Line 12 of Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 December 2024, and is located in Shajing Subdistrict in Bao'an District.

Line 12 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 12 of the Shenzhen Metro is one of the four new metro lines of Phase IV expansion in the Chinese city of Shenzhen. Its construction began in 2017 and it opened on 28 November 2022. The line uses six car type A trains and runs north to south on the east banks of the Pearl River Delta.
Afrotremex
Afrotremex is a rare genus of horntails found in central and west Africa. The genus is thought to reside in tree canopies. Adults can be distinguished from closely related genera by three clearly outlined longitudinal bands of sculpture on the mesonotum, and by the clubbed setae on the clypeus, frons, and behind the eyes.

Clypeus
The clypeus is one of the sclerites that make up the face of an arthropod. In insects, the clypeus delimits the lower margin of the face, with the labrum articulated along the ventral margin of the clypeus. The mandibles bracket the labrum, but do not touch the clypeus. The dorsal margin of the clypeus is below the antennal sockets. The clypeus is often well-defined by sulci ("grooves") along its lateral and dorsal margins, and is most commonly rectangular or trapezoidal in overall shape.

The post-clypeus is a large nose-like structure that lies between the eyes and makes up much of the front of the head in cicadas.

In spiders, the clypeus is generally the area between the anterior edge of the carapace and the anterior eyes.
Palazzo Orsi Mangelli
Palazzo Orsi Mangelli is a Baroque architecture palace in Forlì, Italy.

It previously housed the University of Bologna faculty of Political Science. In 2015 it housed the headquarters of Luxury Living Group, a company in the design and furniture.44°14′N 12°03′E﻿ / ﻿44.233°N 12.050°E﻿ / 44.233; 12.050

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
Mount Dixey
Mount Dixey (70°10′S 68°4′W﻿ / ﻿70.167°S 68.067°W﻿ / -70.167; -68.067) is a mountain, 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) high, standing at the south side of Riley Glacier and 3 nautical miles (6 km) northeast of Carse Point, on the west coast of Palmer Land. It was first photographed from the air on November 23, 1935, by Lincoln Ellsworth, and mapped from these photographs by W.L.G. Joerg. It was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, and was named in 1954 by members of the expedition for Neville Dixey, Chairman of Lloyd's of London in 1934, who raised a special fund at Lloyd's as a contribution towards the cost of the BGLE, 1934–37.

Palmer Land
Palmer Land (71°30′S 065°00′W﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 65.000°W﻿ / -71.500; -65.000) is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This application of Palmer Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names and the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee, in which the name Antarctic Peninsula was approved for the major peninsula of Antarctica, and the names Graham Land and Palmer Land for the northern and southern portions, respectively.  The line dividing them is roughly 69° S.
Military night
A military night or Prussian night refers to the custom of allowing complaints and the like no sooner than the following day in order to allow for a rethinking of the occasion overnight.

This custom originated with the Prussian and British Armies and continues in force in some military forces, as set out in the Military Complaints Regulations of the German Armed Forces or the General Regulations of the Austrian Armed Forces.

Austrian Armed Forces
The Austrian Armed Forces (Austrian German: Bundesheer, lit. 'Federal Army') are the combined military forces of Austria.

The military consists of 16,000 active-duty personnel and 125,600 reservists. The military budget is 1.0% of national GDP (including pensions) or €3.317 billion (2023, without pensions).
Instituto Carlos III-Juan March
The Instituto Carlos III-Juan March (IC3JM), formerly the Advanced Center for Social Science Studies (CEACS), is a research and postgraduate institute for the social sciences. It is based at the Getafe campus of Carlos III University in the south of the Madrid metropolitan area. It receives funding from both the university and the Fundación Juan March.

Salamanca (Madrid)
Salamanca is one of the 21 districts that form the city of Madrid, Spain. Salamanca is located to the northeast of the historical center of Madrid.
Salamanca lies east of the district of Chamberí, south of Chamartín, and north of Retiro. Salamanca has approximately 150,000 inhabitants.

The district takes its name from the 1st Marquess of Salamanca, José de Salamanca y Mayol, a powerful businessman who was one of the richest men in the world during the mid-nineteenth century.
Representative Band of the Policja
The Representative Band of the Policja (Polish: Orkiestra Reprezentacyjna Policji) is a musical unit of the Policja of the Republic of Poland. It is responsible for providing musical support and rendering honors to the President of Poland and the Minister of the Interior and Administration in the capital of Warsaw. It has been under the baton of Chief Conductor Janusz Trzepizur (since 2005) and Drum Major, Staff Sergeant Jakub Pietrucha. Being that it is a central band, it is the seniormost of three Polish police bands, with the other two being based in Wrocław and Katowice.

President of Poland
The president of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Polski [ˈprɛ.zɘ.dɛnt ˈpɔl.ski]), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Prezydent RP)code: pol promoted to code: pl ), is the head of state of Poland. The president's prerogatives and duties are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president jointly exercises the executive power together with the Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. The president has a right to dissolve both chambers of parliament in certain cases determined by the constitution, can veto legislation, represents the Republic on the international stage, and is the commander-in-chief of the nation's Armed Forces.
Caloplaca norfolkensis
Caloplaca norfolkensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists John Elix, Sergey Kondratyuk, and Ingvar Kärnefelt. The species epithet combines the name of the type locality with the suffix ensis ("place of origin"). The lichen grows on trunks and branches of Araucaria, and old fence posts. In addition to Norfolk Island, it has also been recorded from Lord Howe Island and southeastern Queensland.

Sergey Kondratyuk
Sergey Yakovlevich Kondratyuk (Ukrainian: Сергій Якович Кондратюк) (born 17 May 1959) is a Ukrainian botanist specialising in lichenology. His research deals with the taxonomy, floristics, ecology and geography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. He has worked at the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for more than 40 years. In 2014 Kondratyuk was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology.
Wolfgang Loos
Wolfgang Loos (born 6 August 1955) is a German retired footballer who played as a defender. He spent six seasons in the 2. Bundesliga with Preußen Münster and VfL Osnabrück.

Since retiring as a player, Loos has worked in various functions for a number of German football clubs, mostly as business manager or executive director, namely for VfL Osnabrück (1986–1992), Dynamo Dresden (1993), 1. FC Köln (1993–2002), Eintracht Braunschweig (2002–2006), 1. FC Saarbrücken (2007–2008), TuS Koblenz (2008–2011), and RB Leipzig (2011–2012). At Eintracht Braunschweig, he also took over as caretaker manager for a short time in 2004.

TuS Koblenz
TuS Koblenz is a German association football club, located in Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate. Fussball Club Deutschland Neuendorf, which was formed in 1911, is viewed as the foundation of the modern club.
Testacella scutulum
Testacella scutulum is an air-breathing, carnivorous land slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Testacellidae, the shelled slugs.

Like other species in the genus, this European slug eats earthworms, spends most of its life underground, and is rarely seen.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.