hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nie Bao
Nie Bao (1487–1564) was a Chinese scholar-official and Neo-Confucian philosopher during the Ming dynasty. As a statesman, he attained the position of minister of war, and as a philosopher, he was one of the representatives of the Jiangyou school, one of the schools into which the followers of Wang Yangming diverged.

Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (Chinese: 士大夫; pinyin: shì dàfū), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class.

Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 shēnshì) who had earned academic degrees (such as xiucai, juren, or jinshi) by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.
2019 M2 X Genie Music Awards
The 2019 M2 X Genie Music Awards was held at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena (KSPO Dome) in Seoul, South Korea on August 1, 2019. The event was the second edition of the awards ceremony and was hosted by model Han Hye-jin. The 2019 edition is named the "M2 X Genie Music Awards" (MGMA) as with their partnership with Mnet's digital studio, M2. The eligibility period for nominations was between July 1, 2018, and June 19, 2019.

Genie Music Awards
The Genie Music Awards (Korean: 지니뮤직어워드) is a music awards show that is held annually in South Korea and organized by Genie Music together with their partner network. The award winners are selected based on chart data from the Genie Music platform, evaluation from judges, and online voting in South Korea.
AGI-Plan
AGI-Plan was a memory resident DOS file infector first isolated at the Agiplan software company in Germany.  Because of CARO standards that dictate that viruses should not be named after companies, AGI-Plan's technical name is Month 4–6.  This name also violates CARO standards, but a more minor rule involving syntax.  AGI-Plan is related to the Zero Bug virus, as both it and AGI-Plan prepend 1,536 bytes to files they infect.

AGI-Plan is not initially damaging until several months after the initial infection, hence its name.  After activation, AGI-Plan will begin to corrupt write operations, which results in slow, difficult-to-notice damage over time.

AGI-Plan is notable for reappearing in South Africa in what appeared to be an intentional re-release several years after.  AGI-Plan never succeeded in spreading significantly beyond the isolated incidents in Germany and South Africa.

DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.
Imorona
Imorona is a commune (Malagasy: kaominina) in Ambatosoa, Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Mananara Nord. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 7,413 in 2018.

It is situated at the National Road 5 between Maroantsetra and Toamasina.

Ambatosoa
Ambatosoa is a region in northeastern Madagascar. It was created in 2023 from the northern part of Analanjirofo, and the region was inaugurated on 26 July 2025. Its capital is Maroantsetra. Its name means "pleasant rock" in Malagasy, a reference to the region's rich mineral resources.
Kids (Jamiroquai song)
"The Kids" is the first single taken from British funk/acid jazz band Jamiroquai's second studio album, The Return of the Space Cowboy (1994), though it was recorded shortly after the Emergency on Planet Earth sessions and was not a worldwide single release. The single was only released in Japan, on 12 December 1993 by Epic. "The Kids" is a song that deals with the rights of children and their social status in the world. It is written to be absurdly loud and high in tempo, to possibly represent the immaturity of children, and more generally the whole early childhood of a person, which is usually a carefree time of life.

Emergency on Planet Earth
Emergency on Planet Earth is the debut studio album by English funk and acid jazz band Jamiroquai, released on 14 June 1993 under Sony Soho Square. Prior its release, the band debuted in 1992 with "When You Gonna Learn" under Acid Jazz Records, and front-man Jay Kay was given a major-label deal with Sony Music. The album was produced as Toby, Stuart and Kay formed the band and is characterised by its acid jazz foundations, layers of instrumentation and socially charged lyrics.

Critical reviews of the album were generally positive and noted its 1970s stylings. It reached number one in the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1,200,000 copies worldwide. Its single "Too Young to Die" peaked at number 10 in the UK Singles Chart. A remastered version of the album was released in 2013 to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the album's release, including a new vinyl release.
Paul Steenstrup Koht
Paul Steenstrup Koht (28 August 1844 – 26 August 1892) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Liberal Party. He was the father of Halvdan Koht, historian and Labour Party politician.

Having developed a penchant for Greek and Roman poetry in his student years, Koht lectured in philology as an adult. He also taught living languages, most notably Norwegian.

Despite the conservative political views of his family, Koht became fascinated by the radical national liberal movement of the late 19th century. His first political activism was manifested in his editing of Tromsøposten; in the late 1870s and early 1880s he chaired the Tromsø Labour Association, which catapulted him into the political limelight. Eventually becoming elected as both city mayor and Member of Parliament, he advocated radical reforms, amongst them common suffrage and the eight-hour day.

Eight-hour day movement
The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement that appeared in various countries to regulate the length of a working day. The goal was preventing excesses and abuses of working time.

The modern movement originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. Since the 19th century, the eight-hour workday has been gradually adopted in various countries and industries, with widespread adoption occurring in the first half of the 20th century.
RAF Tilshead
Royal Air Force Tilshead or more simply RAF Tilshead is a former Royal Air Force station west of Tilshead, Wiltshire, England and 9 miles (14 km) east of Warminster.

The unpaved airfield was open from 1925 until 1941. Nearby at Shrewton, a relief landing ground controlled by No. 38 Wing RAF was open from 1940 to 1946.

Warminster
Warminster (/ˈwɔːrmɪnstər/) is a historic market town and civil parish in south-west Wiltshire, England, on the western edge of Salisbury Plain. The parish had a population of 18,173 in 2021.

The name Warminster occurs first in the early 10th century and the Minster Church of St Denys was begun in the 11th century. The High Street and Market Place have many fine buildings including the Athenaeum Centre, the Town Hall, St Lawrence Chapel, The Old Bell and a variety of independent shops. Several Army establishments, known collectively as the Warminster Garrison, are on the edges of the town.
1986 La Flèche Wallonne
The 1986 La Flèche Wallonne was the 50th edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 16 April 1986. The race started in Spa and finished in Huy. The race was won by Laurent Fignon of the Système U team.

Laurent Fignon
Laurent Patrick Fignon (French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ fiɲɔ̃]; 12 August 1960 – 31 August 2010) was a French professional road bicycle racer who won the Tour de France in 1983 and 1984, as well as the Giro d'Italia in 1989. He held the title of FICP World No. 1 in 1989. Fignon came close to winning the Tour de France for a third time in 1989 but was defeated by Greg LeMond by eight seconds, the closest margin ever to decide the Tour. Fignon won many classic races, including consecutive victories in Milan–San Remo in 1988 and 1989. He died from cancer in 2010.
Tony Lothian Prize
The Tony Lothian Prize is an annual literary prize presented by the London-based Biographers' Club to the best book proposal from a first-time biographer. Prize winners received £2,000.

In 2023, the Biographers' Club announced that the prize would be renamed the following year as the Elizabeth Buccleuch Prize to honor Elizabeth, Duchess of Buccleuch, who had died that year. The award had previously been named after her mother, Antonella Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian.

Antonella Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian
Antonella Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian OBE DSG (born Antonella Reuss Newland; 8 September 1922 – 6 January 2007), also known as Tony Lothian, was an Italian-born British aristocrat, journalist and writer.

Lady Lothian was the founding president of the annual Women of the Year Lunches at the Savoy Hotel in 1955, and the mother of Conservative parliamentarian and Shadow Cabinet minister Michael Ancram, Marquess of Lothian.
The Boys on the Bus
The Boys on the Bus (1973) is a non-fiction book by author Timothy Crouse detailing life on the road for reporters covering the 1972 United States presidential election.

The book was one of the first treatises on pack journalism ever to be published, following in the footsteps of Gay Talese's 1969 "fly on the wall" look into the New York Times called The Kingdom and the Power.

The Boys on the Bus evolved out of several articles Crouse had written for Rolling Stone. When released, the book became a best-seller.

Several notable reporters are at turns critiqued, lampooned and glorified in the book, including R.W. "Johnny" Apple, Robert Novak, Walter Mears, Haynes Johnson, David Broder, Hunter S. Thompson, Thomas Oliphant, Curtis Wilkie, Carl Leubsdorf,  and Jules Witcover. Politicians discussed include Richard Nixon and George McGovern. Later editions of the book contain a foreword by Thompson.

David S. Broder
David Salzer Broder (September 11, 1929 – March 9, 2011) was an American journalist, writing for The Washington Post for over 40 years. He was also an author, television news show pundit, and university lecturer.

For more than half a century, Broder reported on every presidential campaign, beginning with the 1956 United States presidential election between Dwight D. Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson II. Known as the dean of the Washington, D.C. press corps, Broder made over 400 appearances on NBC's Meet the Press. The Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 stated: "Broder is the best of an almost extinct species, the daily news reporter who doubles as an op-ed page columnist....With his solid reporting and shrewd analysis, Broder remains one of the sager voices in Washington."
Hispano-Suiza E-30
The Hispano Suiza E-30, later renamed Hispano E-30, was designed in Spain in 1930 as a multi-purpose intermediate trainer. It was a single engine, parasol wing monoplane.  About 25 served with the Spanish armed forces until 1945.

Spanish Republican Army
The Spanish Republican Army (Spanish: Ejército de la República Española) was the main branch of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939.

It became known as People's Army of the Republic (Ejército Popular de la República) after it was reorganized, following the disbandment of the voluntary militias that were formed in July 1936 at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
Brenda Dean
Brenda Dean, Baroness Dean of Thornton-le-Fylde, PC, FRSA (29 April 1943 – 13 March 2018) was a British trade unionist and Labour Party politician. As general secretary of SOGAT from 1985 until 1991, she was "the first woman elected to head a major industrial trade union."

Wapping dispute
The Wapping dispute was a lengthy failed strike by print workers in London in 1986.

Print unions tried to block distribution of The Sunday Times, along with other newspapers in Rupert Murdoch's News International group, after production was shifted to a new plant in Wapping in January 1986.

At the new facility, modern computer facilities allowed journalists to input copy directly, rather than involving print union workers who used older "hot-metal" Linotype printing methods. All of the workers were dismissed. The failure of the strike was devastating for the print union workers, and it led both to a general decline in trade union influence in the UK, and to a widespread adoption of modern newspaper publishing practices.
Colonial Park Mall
Colonial Park Mall is a shopping mall in Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania, about 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Harrisburg. Located at the northeast corner of U.S. Route 22 and Colonial Road in the Colonial Park CDP just east of Interstate 83 and south of Interstate 81, it serves the eastern and northern suburbs of the Harrisburg metropolitan area.  The mall's anchor store is Boscov's. There are 2 vacant anchor stores that were once The Bon-Ton and Sears.

Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan area
The Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area, officially the Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and also referred to as the Susquehanna Valley, is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as an area consisting of three counties in South Central Pennsylvania, anchored by the cities of Harrisburg and Carlisle.

As of the 2020 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 591,712, making it the fourth-most-populous metropolitan area in Pennsylvania, after the Delaware Valley, Greater Pittsburgh, and the Lehigh Valley.

Since 2012, it has been defined as part of the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area, which also includes York, Lebanon, and Adams counties.
Thurmond rule
The Thurmond rule in U.S. politics posits that, at some point in a U.S. presidential election year, the U.S. Senate should not confirm the president's nominees to the federal judiciary, except under certain circumstances. The rule is most applicable when the President and Senate majority are of opposite political ideologies, and the Judiciary Committee can prevent a floor vote on a nominee in the hope that their party's presidential candidate will win the election and be able to nominate more favorable candidates.

The practice is not an actual rule. It has not always been followed in the past, with Presidents continuing to appoint and the Senate continuing to confirm judicial nominees during election years, but it is intermittently invoked by senators from both political parties, usually when it is politically advantageous to do so.

Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
Deliberative assemblies – bodies that use parliamentary procedure to arrive at decisions – use several methods of voting on motions (formal proposal by members of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action). The regular methods of voting in such bodies are a voice vote, a rising vote, and a show of hands. Additional forms of voting include a recorded vote and balloting.
Wenona Hall and Wecota Hall
Wenona Hall and Wecota Hall at South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota are women's dormitories that were built in 1909 and 1915.  John J. Schwartz was architect.  The combination was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The buildings were deemed to be "significant in the areas of architecture and education" and "good examples of early 20th century academic architecture";  Schwartz is held to have achieved "balance and order" in using neoclassical architecture despite constraints of large scale and many necessary window openings.

Brookings, South Dakota
Brookings is a city in and the county seat of Brookings County, South Dakota, United States. It is located 60 miles (97 km) north of the state’s largest city, Sioux Falls. The population was 23,377 at the 2020 census, making it the fourth most populous city in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 24,312 in 2023. It is home to South Dakota State University, the state's largest institution of higher education. Also in Brookings are the South Dakota Art Museum, the Children's Museum of South Dakota, the annual Brookings Summer Arts Festival, and the headquarters of several manufacturing companies and agricultural operations.
Feel So Right
"Feel So Right" is MAX's 22nd single on the Avex Trax label and was released on December 5, 2001. The title track was used as the first ending theme to anime series, Captain Tsubasa: Road to 2002. MAX performed the song on their fifth appearance on NHK singing contest, Kōhaku Uta Gassen.

MAX (group)
MAX is a Japanese female vocal group. The name is an acronym for "musical active experience". The original members of MAX made their musical debut as members of the Super Monkey's along with lead vocalist Namie Amuro. They branched out on their own in 1995, becoming stars in their own right with selling several million albums and a string of consecutive top 20 singles from 1996 to 2000. Their lead singer, Mina, left the group in 2002 due to pregnancy and was replaced by Aki Maeda who assumed the stage name Aki. Aki left the group in August 2008 to pursue a solo career. Original member Mina returned to the group on October 28, 2008 ushering in the group's comeback after a two-year hiatus.

Since their debut MAX has sold over 10 million records. They are behind only Morning Musume for female group with the most consecutive top 10 singles, tying with Wink at 15.
Ruben Jones
Ruben Jones (February 5, 1894 – February 14, 1970), also spelled "Reuben", was an American Negro league baseball outfielder and manager.

A native of Austin, Texas, Jones made his Negro leagues debut in 1923 for the Birmingham Black Barons. He played five seasons with Birmingham, and served as the club's player-manager in 1927. Jones went on to manage the Memphis Red Sox and Houston Eagles in the 1940s. He died in Big Spring, Texas in 1970 at age 76.

Big Spring, Texas
Big Spring is a city in and the county seat of Howard County, Texas, United States, at the crossroads of U.S. Highway 87 and Interstate 20. Its population was 26,144 at the 2020 census. Big Spring was established as the county seat of Howard County in 1882; it is the largest community in the county.

The city took its name from the single, large spring that issued into a small gorge between the base of Scenic Mountain and a neighboring hill in the southwestern part of the city limits. Although the name is sometimes still mistakenly pluralized, it is officially singular. "To the native or established residents who may wince at the plural in Big Spring, it should be explained that until about 1916, when for some unexplained reason the name dropped the final 's', the official name of the town was indeed Big Springs."
Moses Lemans
Moses Lemans (November 5, 1785, Naarden, Netherlands – October 17, 1832, Amsterdam, Netherlands) was a Dutch-Jewish Hebraist and mathematician, and a leader of the Haskalah movement in Holland. He was a founder of the Jewish Mathematicians' Association, Mathesis Artium Genetrix, and published a number of works on Hebrew grammar and mathematics.

Born in Naarden, Lemans was educated by his father and (in mathematics) by Judah Littwack. He helped found Hanokh la na'ar al pi darkho, a society for reform in Jewish education, for which he published a number of Hebrew textbooks. In 1818 he was appointed head of the first school for needy Jews in Amsterdam, and in 1828 teacher of mathematics in the Amsterdam gymnasium.

Jewish education
Jewish education (Hebrew: חינוך, Chinuch) refers to the teaching and transmission of Judaism through religious texts, values and traditions that are being passed down from generations. For Jews, education has played a significant role from ancient time that began by learning at home. Over time, Jewish education has developed into a more formal setting like cheder and yeshiva specifically where study has become a part of daily life and cultural identity. In today's society Jewish education has taken many forms from day schools, Hebrew schools and adult learning. There remains a strong emphasis on continuing Jewish education to allow connecting to individuals to help adapt to needs and values of a more modernized Jewish life.
Valencia, Bohol
Valencia, officially the Municipality of Valencia (Cebuano: Munisipalidad sa Valencia; Tagalog: Bayan ng Valencia),  is a  municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 28,535 people.

It is on the southern coast of Bohol, 46 kilometres (29 mi) from Tagbilaran.

There are elementary schools in the poblacion and in the barrios. For their secondary education, students go to Valencia High School, a public school.

Valencia celebrates its feast on every 3rd Saturday of January to honor the town patron saint, Sr. Santo Niño.

Tagbilaran
Tagbilaran, officially the City of Tagbilaran (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tagbilaran; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tagbilaran), is a  component city and capital of the province of Bohol, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 106,120 people making it the most populous in the province.

Tagbilaran is the principal gateway to Bohol, 630 km (390 mi) southeast of the national capital of Manila and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital, Cebu City.
Woolwich ferry wharf
Woolwich ferry wharf (also known as Valentia Street ferry wharf) is located on Sydney Harbour serving the Hunters Hill suburb of Woolwich. It served by Sydney Ferries Cockatoo Island services operating between Circular Quay and Cockatoo Island. The single wharf is served by First Fleet and Emerald class ferries.

In September 2020 Woolwich Wharf was rebuilt to receive new shelter and seating along with waiting area refurbished

Emerald-class ferry
The Emerald-class ferry is a class of ferries operated by Sydney Ferries on Sydney Harbour. There is capacity for about 400 passengers, improved accessibility for people with disabilities, Wi-Fi access, luggage and bicycle storage areas and charging stations/USB ports  for electronic devices.
Jean René Allard
Jean René Allard (September 22, 1930 – December 2, 2020) was a Canadian politician in Manitoba.  He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in 1969 as a New Democrat, but subsequently left to sit as an Independent MLA.

New Democratic Party of Manitoba
The New Democratic Party of Manitoba (Manitoba NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Manitoba), branded as Manitoba's NDP, is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party, and is a successor to the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. It is currently the governing party in Manitoba.