hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georg Christian Adler
Georg Christian Adler (May 6, 1734 – November 2, 1804) was a German scholar.

Adler was born in Brandenburg, and studied theology at the University of Halle. In 1755, he was appointed preacher (prediger) in Arnis, Schleswig; in 1758 in Sarau; and in 1759 in Altona. He remained in Altona, where he became provost in 1791, and died in 1804.

He was interested in Roman antiquities, and published a book on the subject by Maternus de Cilano in 1775, in addition to writing several of his own. His major works are Ausführliche Beschreibung der Stadt Rom (1781–82, 4 vols.), on the city of Rome; Nachricht von den pontinischen Sümpfen (1784), on the Pontine Marshes; and an edition of the writings of Sextus Julius Frontinus (1792).

His son, Jacob Georg Christian Adler, was also a noted scholar.

Arnis, Germany
Arnis (German: [ˈaʁnɪs] ⓘ; Danish: Arnæs) is the smallest town in Germany both by population and by area. At a population of c. 300 and a total area of 0.45 km2, Arnis  is part of the Amt Kappeln-Land in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It was founded in 1667 by shipping families from the nearby village Kappeln who wanted to avoid serfdom. The local Skipper's Church was erected in 1673.  Originally Arnis was a skipper town with up to 90 sailing-ships (1864). In the late 20th century four shipyards were the basis of its economy. Today Arnis is a tourism showplace.
Giżyno, Masovian Voivodeship
Giżyno [ɡiˈʐɨnɔ] (German: Glesen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kalisz Pomorski, within Drawsko County, Zachodnio-Pomorskie Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Kalisz Pomorski
Gmina Kalisz Pomorski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Kalisz Pomorski, which lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) south of Drawsko Pomorskie and 89 km (55 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 480.53 square kilometres (185.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,150 (out of which the population of Kalisz Pomorski amounts to 3,989, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,161).
Raghupathi Venkaiah Award
The Raghupathi Venkaiah Award is an award given by the Indian state government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise lifetime achievements in Telugu cinema. The award was introduced in 1981 in honour of Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, one of India's film pioneers, who is considered the "father of Telugu cinema". The winner is presented a Golden Nandi (named after a bull in Hindu mythology), a gold medal, a citation and a cash prize of ₹50,000 (US$590) at the Nandi Awards ceremony.

Nandi (Hinduism)
Nandi (Sanskrit: नन्दि), also known as Nandikeshvara or Nandideva, is the bull vahana (mount) of the Hindu god Shiva. He is also the guardian deity of Kailash, the abode of Shiva. Almost all Shiva temples display stone images of a seated Nandi, generally facing the main shrine.
Yasnogorsk, Tula Oblast
Yasnogorsk (Russian: Ясного́рск) is a town and the administrative center of Yasnogorsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Vashana River (Oka's tributary), 35 kilometers (22 mi) north of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  16,795 (2010 census); 18,588 (2002 census); 21,292 (1989 Soviet census).

Oka (river)
The Oka (UK: /ˈɒkə/, US: /ˈoʊkə/; Russian: Ока IPA: [ɐˈka]) is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as the town of Kaluga. Its length is 1,500 km (930 mi) and its catchment area 245,000 km2 (95,000 sq mi). The Russian capital Moscow sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva, from which the capital's name is thought to be derived.
Pateras (mountain)
Pateras (Greek: Πατέρας) is a mountain of West Attica, Greece, with an elevation of 1,131 meters. Its highest peak is named Leontari. It is situated between the plain of Eleusis (Thriasian Plain) and the plain of Megara, and stretches between the Gulf of Corinth at Aigosthena and the Saronic Gulf near Eleusis. It is separated from its northern neighbour Cithaeron by the plain of Vilia. The mountain is covered with woods with Aleppo pine and Mediterranean maquis. In the tops of the mountain, that belong to a CORINE biotope, there are firs, of species Abies cephalonica.

Settlements around the mountain include Aigosthena to the northwest, Vilia to the north, Mandra to the east, Nea Peramos to the southeast, Megara to the south and Kato Alepochori to the west.

Nea Peramos
Nea Peramos (Greek: Νέα Πέραμος), before the 1990s Megalo Pefko (Greek: Μεγάλο Πεύκο), is a suburb and a former municipality in West Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Megara, of which it is a municipal unit.
Cliniodes opertalis
Cliniodes opertalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found at low elevations in Peru, southern Venezuela and Brazil (Rondônia).

The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm.

Rondônia
Rondônia (English: /rɒnˈdoʊniə/, ron-DOHN-ee-ə ⓘ; Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁõˈdõnjɐ] ⓘ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the North Region (the central-western part). It is bordered by Acre in the west, 
Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bolivia in the south. Rondônia has a population of 1,815,000 as of 2021. It is the fifth least populated state. Its capital and largest city is Porto Velho, bathed by the Madeira River. The state was named after Cândido Rondon, who explored the north of the country during the 1910s. The state, which is home to c. 0.7% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for c. 0.3% of the Brazilian GDP.

The state has 52 municipalities and occupies an area of 237,590.547 km2, equivalent to the territory of Romania and almost five times larger than Croatia. In addition to this, there are other important cities such as Ariquemes, Cacoal, Guajará-Mirim, Ji-Paraná, Rolim de Moura and Vilhena.
The Promise (2005 film)
The Promise (无极) is a 2005 Chinese epic fantasy film directed by Chen Kaige, starring Jang Dong-gun, Hiroyuki Sanada, Cecilia Cheung, and Nicholas Tse. It is loosely adapted from The Kunlun Slave, a ninth-century wuxia romance story by Pei Xing. Responses to the film were mainly mixed to negative.

63rd Golden Globes
The 63rd Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film and television for 2005, were presented on January 16, 2006, at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, in Los Angeles, California. The nominations were announced on December 13, 2005.

The ceremony aired on Monday rather than its traditional Sunday after the previous year ceremony's ratings were negatively impacted by the popularity of Desperate Housewives.
Ivan Zakharkin
Ivan Grigorevich Zakharkin (Russian: Ива́н Григо́рьевич Заха́ркин) (January 27, 1889 – October 15, 1944) was a Soviet colonel general in the Red Army during World War II, commander of the 49th Army during the Battle of Moscow.

Colonel general
Colonel general is a military rank used in some armies. It is particularly associated with Germany, where historically general officer ranks were one grade lower than in the Commonwealth and the United States, and Generaloberst was a rank above full General, but below Generalfeldmarschall. The rank of colonel general is also used in the armed forces organized along the lines of the Soviet model, where it is comparable to that of a lieutenant general.
Civil parishes in South Yorkshire
A civil parish is a country subdivision, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 94 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of South Yorkshire, most of the county being unparished.  At the 2001 census, there were 360,191 people living in the parishes, increasing to 369,220 in 2011, accounting for 27.5 per cent of the county's population.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
2000 Tottori earthquake
The 2000 Tottori earthquake (Japanese: 鳥取県西部地震) occurred on 6 October 2000, at 13:30:20 local time with a moment magnitude of 6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). The epicenter was located in Nambu, near the border with Yasugi, Shimane. About $150 million in damage was caused, with 109,095 homes damaged or destroyed, and at least 182 people were injured.

Hino, Tottori
Hino (日野町, Hino-chō) is a town located in Hino District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.As of 1 March 2025, the town had an estimated population of 2,591 in 1,223 households and a population density of 19 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 133.98 square kilometres (51.73 sq mi).
Hiraab Imamate
The Hiraab Imamate (Somali: Saldanadda Hiraab), also known as the Yacquubi Dynasty, was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 16th century till the 19th century until it was incorporated into Italian Somaliland. The Imamate was governed by the Hiraab Yacquub Dynasty. It was founded by Imam Omar who successfully rebelled against and defeated the Ajuran Sultanate, later establishing an independent kingdom.

Hawadle
The Hawadle (Somali: Xawaadle, Arabic: حوادله, Italian: Auadleh)  are a Somali clan who trace  descent to Meyle, one of the sons of Irir Samaale. The Hawadle, as well as many other Somali clans stem from Samaale.
Cundiyo, New Mexico
Cundiyo is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 72 at the 2010 census. The name means round hill of the little bells in Tewa.

Tewa
The Tewa are a linguistic group of Pueblo Native Americans who speak the Tewa language and share the Pueblo culture.  Their homelands are on or near the Rio Grande in New Mexico north of Santa Fe.  They comprise the following communities:

Nambé Pueblo

Pojoaque Pueblo

San Ildefonso Pueblo

Ohkay Owingeh

Santa Clara Pueblo

Tesuque Pueblo

The Hopi Tewa, descendants of those who fled the Second Pueblo Revolt of 1680–1692, live on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, mostly in Tewa Village and Polacca on the First Mesa. Other Hopi clans are known to be descendants of Tewa people.

Tewa is one of five Tanoan languages spoken by the Pueblo people of New Mexico. Though these five languages are closely related, speakers of one cannot fully understand speakers of another (similar to German and Dutch speakers). The six Tewa-speaking pueblos are Nambe, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, Ohkay Owingeh, Santa Clara, and Tesuque.
Neil Adam (racehorse trainer)
Neil Marshall Adam (1932 – 2003) was a British racehorse trainer. He started training with a string of 14 horses at Racecourse Farm, Bescaby, near Melton Mowbray in 1975. In 1976, his horses won two races at Royal Ascot - Cawston Clown won the Coventry Stakes and  Gentilhombre won the Cork and Orrery Stakes. The latter won the Prix de l'Abbaye for two consecutive years in 1976 and 1977, as well as the 1977 July Cup and Diadem Stakes. Adam also win the 1977 Nunthorpe Stakes with Haveroid. In that year, he won 27 races worth £64,894 with a string of 61 horses.

He died in 2003 from multiple sclerosis, leaving a £1.2 million stud farm, the 77 acre Collin Stud, near Newmarket, Suffolk. After a court battle, this was inherited by his daughters Grace and Emma. It was ruled that a will he made when paralysed, leaving the stud to Robin Sharp, manager, and Malcolm Bryson, head groom, was invalid.

Coventry Stakes
The Coventry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.
F-type prison
F-Type-Prisons, officially called F-type High Security Closed Institutions for the Execution of Sentences (F tipi cezaevi / F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu), are high-security closed prisons designated by Turkish Law 5275 on the Execution of Sentences.

Those sentenced to F-type prisons include political prisoners, members of armed organizations, people convicted of drug offences or organized crimes, and those sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment. Aggravated life imprisonment (ağırlaştırılmış müebbet hapis cezası) replaced the death penalty when it was abolished in 2002 and according to Article 47 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) it is a life sentence.

Edirne
Edirne (US: /eɪˈdɪərnə, ɛˈ-/; Turkish: [e.ˈdiɾ.ne]), historically known as Orestias, Orestiada, Adrianople, or Adriana is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) from the Greek and 20 km (12 mi) from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second capital city of the Ottoman Empire from the 1360s to 1453, before Constantinople became its capital.

The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District. Its population is 180,002 (2022).
Domestic rates in Northern Ireland
Domestic rates are the local government taxation in Northern Ireland. Rates are a tax on property based on the capital value of the residential property on 1 January 2005. Domestic rates consist of two components, a regional rate set by the Northern Ireland Assembly and a district rate set by local councils. Rate levels are set annually. Valuation and rating of property is handled by Land and Property Services. Domestic rates are unique to Northern Ireland, in the rest of the United Kingdom the local taxation is Council Tax.

Council Tax
Council Tax is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales. It is a tax on domestic property, which was introduced in 1993 by the Local Government Finance Act 1992, replacing the short-lived Community Charge (also known as "poll tax"), which in turn had replaced the domestic rates. Each property is assigned one of eight bands in England and Scotland (A to H), or nine bands in Wales (A to I), based on property value, and the tax is set as a fixed amount for each band. The higher the band, the higher the tax. Some property is exempt from the tax, and some people are exempt from the tax, while some get a discount.

In 2011, the average annual levy on a property in England was £1,196 (equivalent to £1,841 in 2023). In 2014–15, the tax raised enough money to cover 24.3% of council expenditure.

Council Tax is difficult to avoid or evade and therefore has one of the highest collection rates of any tax, with in-year collection rates of 97.0% in 2014–15.
Alexis Moschcowitz
Alexis Victor Moschcowitz (April 25, 1865 − December 21, 1933) was a surgeon. He was born in Giralt, now in Slovakia but at that time part of the Austrian Empire, and emigrated to New York when he was 15 years old. He received a degree in pharmacy in 1885 and later entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, graduating in 1891.  He was one of the recipients of the Harsen Prize. He was an intern at Lenox Hill Hospital after he graduated, and in 1898 began working at Mount Sinai Hospital. He reached the rank of colonel during World War I, working at Camp Anniston in Alabama and in Asheville, North Carolina, before becoming a consultant in the Surgeon General's office in Washington.

He was an expert on the treatment of hernias and wrote a book on the subject, and a surgical procedure for femoral herniorrhaphy that he first described is known as the Moschcowitz operation.

Lenox Hill Hospital
Lenox Hill Hospital (LHH) is a nationally ranked, 450-bed, non-profit, tertiary, research and academic medical center located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, servicing the tri-state area. LHH is one of the region's many university-level academic medical centers. The hospital is owned by Northwell Health, the largest private employer in the state of New York. LHH serves as a clinical campus for the Zucker School of Medicine, which is owned by the health system in a partnership with Hofstra University.

It was founded in 1857 as the German Dispensary. It currently consists of ten buildings and has occupied the present site in Manhattan since 1869, when it was known as the German Hospital. In 2007, the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital was incorporated into Lenox Hill Hospital.

The hospital is located on a city block bounded on the north and south by East 77th and 76th Streets, and on the west and east by Park Avenue and Lexington Avenue.
Chaska (Dakota)
We-Chank-Wash-ta-don-pee (Dakota: Wičháhpi Waštédaŋpi, Good Little Stars), or more commonly Chaska (pronounced chas-KAY) (died December 26, 1862) was a Native American of the Dakota who was executed in a mass hanging near Mankato, Minnesota, in the wake of the Dakota War of 1862, despite the fact that President Abraham Lincoln had commuted his death sentence days earlier.

Mankato, Minnesota
Mankato (/mænˈkeɪtoʊ/ ⓘ man-KAY-toh) is a city in Blue Earth, Nicollet, and Le Sueur counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is the county seat of Blue Earth County. It is the 21st-largest city in Minnesota and fourth-largest outside of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, with a population of 44,488 at the 2020 census. The Mankato–North Mankato metropolitan area has an estimated 105,000 residents.

Mankato lies along a large bend of the Minnesota River at its confluence with the Blue Earth River. The city is home to Minnesota State University, the state's second-largest university by enrollment.
Anchors Aweigh
Anchors Aweigh is the fight song of the United States Naval Academy and unofficial march song of the United States Navy. It was composed in 1906 by Charles A. Zimmermann with lyrics by Alfred Hart Miles. When he composed Anchors Aweigh, Zimmermann was a lieutenant and had been bandmaster of the United States Naval Academy Band since 1887. Miles was midshipman first class at the academy, in the class of 1907, and had asked Zimmermann to assist him in composing a song for that class, to be used as a football march. Another academy midshipman, Royal Lovell (class of 1926), later wrote what would be adopted into the song as its third verse. Another member of the Naval Academy Band, Willy Perlitz Jr., assisting in writing the music for the different instruments used in Anchors Aweigh.

March (music)
A march is a musical composition with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for lockstep marching of soldiers. As a musical genre, it is a type of martial music, most frequently performed by a military band during parades.

March music pieces vary widely in mood, ranging from the emotional funeral march in Wagner's Götterdämmerung to the brisk Romantic marches of John Philip Sousa and the militaristic hymns of the late 19th century. Examples of the varied use of the march can be found in Beethoven's Eroica Symphony, in the Marches Militaires of Franz Schubert, in the Marche funèbre in Chopin's Sonata in B flat minor, the "Jäger March" in the Op. 91a by Jean Sibelius, and in the Dead March in Handel's Saul.