hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hans Schmaus
Hans Schmaus (22 May 1862 in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria – 4 December 1905 in Munich) was a German pathologist.

In 1887 he obtained his doctorate at the University of Munich, where he spent the next several years as an assistant to Otto Bollinger at the institute of pathology. In 1889 he became habilitated for pathology, becoming an associate professor at Munich in 1899.

At Munich, he performed studies involving the pathological anatomy of the spinal cord, and did research of hyaline degeneration and caseous necrosis. With pathologist Eugen Albrecht, he conducted studies of coagulative necrosis.

Caseous necrosis
Caseous necrosis or caseous degeneration (/ˈkeɪsiəs/) is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance, appearing as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.  The dead tissue is enclosed within a granuloma, and differs from coagulative necrosis in that tissue structure is destroyed. Caseous necrosis is most notably associated with tuberculoma.

The term caseous means 'pertaining or related to cheese', and comes from the Latin word caseus 'cheese'.
Hieroglyphic Mountains
The Hieroglyphic Mountains are a mountain range located in central Arizona.  The Hieroglyphics roughly straddle the border between Maricopa and Yavapai counties and form an effective physical barrier northwest of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Due to their proximity to Phoenix and its environs, the mountains offer a number of outdoor recreational activities.

The Hieroglyphic Mountains were named in an apparent confusion between Egyptian hieroglyphs and the petroglyphs found in the area.

Yavapai County, Arizona
Yavapai County (/ˈjævəˌpaɪˌ/ YA-və-pye) is a county near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 236,209, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Prescott.

Yavapai County comprises the Prescott Valley-Prescott, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the northern portions of Peoria and Wickenburg, the balance of which are in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area.
Judy Dearing
Judy Dearing (1940 – September 30, 1995) was an American costume designer, dancer, and choreographer. She is best known for designing costumes for a wide range of theater and musical productions, including Charles Fuller's Pulitzer Prize-winning drama A Soldier's Play and the 1976 stage adaptation of Ntozake Shange's book for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf.

Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Founded in 1958, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater (AAADT) is the largest modern dance company in the United States. Based in New York City, the company was founded by Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Alvin Ailey (1931–1989), a noted choreographer and dancer. The Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation, which includes AAADT and Ailey II, the Ailey School, Ailey Extension, AileyCamp, and other operations, is housed in the 87,000-square-foot (8,083 m2) Joan Weill Center for Dance, one of the largest buildings dedicated exclusively to dance in the United States. AAADT is recognized as a vital American cultural ambassador, and has performed for diverse audiences in more than seventy countries around the world.
Henry Hearsey
Christianity portal

Ven. Henry William Moorcroft Hearsey OBE (23 September 1906 – 7 June 1982) was archdeacon of the Riviera from 1972 to 1976.

Hearsey was born in Zomba, Nyasaland (now Malawi), to Lt.-Col. Herbert Hyde Young Hearsey, the Principal Medical Officer of Nyasaland, and Maggie Marie Beales. His great uncle was Lieutenant-General Sir John Bennet Hearsey. He was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford and ordained in 1935. After curacies in West Southbourne and Bournemouth, he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1940 to 1949: he was mentioned in despatches in 1945. After that he served in Vienna, Gibraltar, Nice and Cannes.

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1964 New Year Honours.

Hearsey died at the Anglo-American Hospital in Cannes and donated his body for scientific research.

Southbourne, Dorset
Southbourne is a suburb of Bournemouth, in the unitary authority area of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. It is situated between Boscombe and Christchurch. The area was previously known as Stourfield. Strictly, Southbourne refers to the area near to the coast; areas further inland are West Southbourne, Tuckton and Wick. It was historically part of Hampshire until 1974.
Wearing course
The wearing course, also known as a wearing surface, friction course, or surface course, is the upper layer in roadway, airfield, and dockyard construction. The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab. In flexible pavements, the upper layer consists of asphalt concrete, that is a construction aggregate with a bituminous binder. The wearing course is typically placed on the binder course which is then laid on the base course, which is normally placed on the subbase, which rests on the subgrade. There are various different types of flexible pavement wearing course, suitable for different situations.

Stone mastic asphalt is a type of flexible pavement wearing course which is typically used for heavily trafficked roads.

Chipseal
Chipseal (also chip seal or chip and seal or spray seal) is a pavement surface treatment that combines one or more layers of asphalt with one or more layers of fine aggregate. In the United States, chipseals are typically used on rural roads carrying lower traffic volumes, and the process is often referred to as asphaltic surface treatment. This type of surface has a variety of other names including tar-seal or tarseal, tar and chip, sprayed seal surface dressing, or simply seal.

In Australia as well as New Zealand, chipseal roads are common, including usage on major highways.
Trevallyn, Tasmania
Trevallyn is a residential locality in the local government areas (LGAs) of Launceston (25%) and West Tamar (75%) in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the city of Launceston. The 2021 census recorded a population of 4,826 for the state suburb of Trevallyn.
It is a suburb of Launceston.

It is located on the north western part of the city (west of the Tamar River and north of the South Esk River).

West Tamar Council
West Tamar Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated along the western side of the Tamar River in the north of the state. West Tamar is classified as an urban local government area and has a population of 23,769, it extends from the outer reaches of north-west Launceston and includes the towns and localities of Beaconsfield, Beauty Point and Legana.
Richard Toy
Richard Horton Beauclerc Toy OBE (9 May 1911 – 2 July 1995) was a New Zealand architect renowned for his church architecture.

Toy was born in Ignace, Ontario, Canada in 1911. His family moved to New Zealand in 1923. He enrolled in agriculture at Auckland University in 1930 before changing to architecture.

From 1939 he taught for many years at the Auckland School of Architecture, acting as the Chair of Design from 1959 to 1976. Toy's best known churches are in Auckland and include the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Parnell, St Martin's at St Chad's in Sandringham and All Saints in Ponsonby.

In the 1982 New Year Honours he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to architecture.

Ponsonby, New Zealand
Ponsonby (Māori: Te Rimu Tahi) is an inner-city suburb of Auckland located 2 km west of the Auckland CBD. The suburb is oriented along a ridge running north–south, which is followed by the main street of the suburb, Ponsonby Road.

Ponsonby was originally a working-class neighbourhood until going through a period gentrification that saw upper-middle class residents move to the area starting in the 1970s.

Three Lamps is an area of Ponsonby located at the intersection of Ponsonby Road, College Hill, and St Marys Road. This name is derived from a 19th-century Lamppost.
Thomas G. Saylor
Thomas G. Saylor (born December 14, 1946) is a former chief justice and associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and a former judge of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

A member of the Republican Party, Saylor retired from his supreme court seat in 2021 at the constitutionally mandated judicial retirement age of seventy-five.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the colonial governor. It is the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law.
Coleophora trientella
Coleophora trientella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Ukraine, southern Russia, Turkestan, the Palestinian Territories and China. It occurs in desert biotopes and in salt-marshes.

Adults are on wing in spring and at end of summer. There are possibly two generations per year.

The larvae feed on the flowers of Corispermum species, including Corispermum lehmannianum. They create a silky, short, thick case. Larvae can be found from May to June.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
HMS Achates
Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Achates after Achates, a character in Roman mythology. A sixth was planned but never completed:

HMS Achates (1573) was a 13-gun ship launched in 1573, hulked in 1590 and sold in 1605.

HMS Achates (1808) was a 10-gun Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1808 and wrecked in 1810 off Guadeloupe.

HMS Achates (1809) was a 16-gun brig-sloop, originally the French Milan, launched in 1807, that HMS Surveillante captured on 30 October 1809, and that was sold in 1818.

HMS Achates (1912) was an Acasta-class destroyer launched in 1912 and sold in 1921.

HMS Achates (H12) was an A-class destroyer launched in 1929 and sunk in 1942 by the German cruiser Admiral Hipper.

HMS Achates (P433) was to have been an Amphion-class submarine. She was launched in 1945, but was never completed, and was sunk as a target in 1950.

HMS Achates (1912)
HMS Achates was an Acasta (or K)-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She was built by the Scottish shipbuilder John Brown and was built between 1912 and 1913. Like all Acasta-class destroyers, Achates was armed with three 4-inch (102 mm) guns and two torpedo tubes, with a specified speed of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph).

Achates served throughout the First World War, serving with the Grand Fleet in the early years of the war, and taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Later in the war she served as a convoy escort. She was sold for scrapping in 1921.
Winalot
Winalot is a popular brand of dog food sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland, founded in 1927.

The name was first used in 1927 for dog biscuits by Spillers Ltd; they were initially marketed as a food for racing greyhounds, but soon gained popularity with domestic canines and became a brand leader in the 1930s.

Dog biscuit
A dog biscuit, also going by names such as a dog treat, is most often described as a hard, biscuit-based, sometimes dietary supplement for dogs or other canines, marketed to be “A similar version of the snacks humans often enjoy.”

Dog biscuits tend to be hard and dry, While they do often differ in toughness depending on the specific brands advised use, they are generally distinguished by the flat bone like shape.

When prescribed by a vet the common use is often to be for the animals Oral health, the dry and hard biscuit texture helping to clean the dog's teeth. Sometimes seen as the dog equivalent of “Brushing their teeth.”

Another item of consideration is the therapeutic benefits for the dog, fulfilling their ancestral instincts of hunting - while causing no danger, chewing is a highly relaxing activity, clearly shown to lessen anxiety.
Hojnowice
Hojnowice (German: Hoinowitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głogówek, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is situated in the historical region of Prudnik Land in Upper Silesia.

Prudnik County
Prudnik County (Polish: powiat prudnicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland, on the Czech border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Prudnik, which lies 46 kilometres (29 mi) south-west of the regional capital Opole. The county also contains the towns of Głogówek, lying 21 km (13 mi) east of Prudnik, and Biała, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Prudnik.

The county covers an area of 571.16 square kilometres (220.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 55,325, out of which the population of Prudnik is 21,041, that of Głogówek is 5,592, that of Biała is 2,426, and the rural population is 26,266.
Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018
The Netherlands was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 which took place in Minsk, Belarus on 25 November 2018. The Dutch broadcaster AVROTROS was responsible for the organisation of their representative at the contest. Their entry was selected through the national selection Junior Songfestival 2018, which had four songs. For the first time in the history of Junior Songfestival, the competing songs were written fully by famous Dutch musicians.

Junior Songfestival
Junior Songfestival (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjynijɔr ˈsɔŋfɛstiˌvɑl]) is a Dutch televised music competition for children, held annually since 2003. It is the children's version of the Nationaal Songfestival. The winner of the contest goes on to represent the Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest (Dutch: Junior Eurovisiesongfestival), an international version of the competition.
Liv Wilse
Liv Wilse (née Liv Ingebrigtsen, May 27, 1931 – August 17, 1994) was a Norwegian actress and singer. In the 1950s, she was briefly married to Arve Opsahl and was known as Liv Opsahl; she and Opsahl had a daughter together, Line Janiche Opsahl. She then married Anders Beer Wilse (1930–1990), with whom she ran a photography business.

In the film Troll i ord she performed the song "Elskling" (melody: Jocke Johanson, lyrics: Egil Hagen, arranged by: Egil Monn-Iversen). The song was also recorded by Liv Opsahl with an orchestra conducted by Øivind Bergh, and it was released on the 78-rpm disc Musica A 5009.

Egil Monn-Iversen
Egil Ragnar Monn-Iversen (14 April 1928 – 7 July 2017) was a Norwegian musician, one of the most influential modern composers in Norway. He has had many important roles in Norwegian music, film, opera, television, comedy and theater. For some time he had so much influence in Norwegian culture that he got the nickname The Godfather, even though he always considered himself a down-to-earth musician.

Monn-Iversen owned a film production company, a record label, and an agency for musical artists, he was the founder of the vocal group The Monn Keys, he was the CEO at the Chat Noir theatre, chairman at The Norwegian Opera and from the 1960s until his death in 2017 worked in NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation) and Det norske teatret (The Norwegian Theatre). He composed scores to over 100 Norwegian movies and TV series.

Monn-Iversen was married to the Norwegian actor and singer Sølvi Wang until her death in 2011.
Native Military Corps
The Native Military Corps (NMC) was a South African military unit during World War II. It consisted of Black South African volunteers recruited into the Union Defence Force (UDF). Despite the unit's name, they had no combative role and served as labourers attached to white South African UDF military units. The objective was to free up the limited number of white recruits in the UDF for combat roles.

Union Defence Force (South Africa)
The Union Defence Force (UDF) (Afrikaans: Unie-Verdedigingsmag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1 July 1912, when the Defence Act (No 13 of 1912) took effect, two years after the creation of the Union of South Africa, until 1957 when it was reorganised and renamed the South African Defence Force (SADF).
Kunnathur, Kerala
Kunnathur (Kunnattūr,കുന്നത്തൂർ) is a taluk in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala.

The capital of Kunnathur taluk is Sasthamkotta. The major portion of Kerala's largest freshwater lake, Sasthamcotta Lake, is in Kunnathur. The Kallada River flows eastward within Kunnathur near the Kokkamkave Durga Devi Temple. It is within the border of the Kollam district and borders the Pathanamthitta district. Kunnathur is the smallest taluk in Kerala. Kovoor Kunjumon of RSP(L) is the present elected member from Kunnathur assembly constituency.

Pathanamthitta district
Pathanamthitta district (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla.  and  Major Towns of Konni, Kozhanchery, Ranni, and Mallappalli.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population was 1,197,412, making it the third least populous district in Kerala (out of 14), after Wayanad and Idukki. Pathanamthitta has been declared the first polio-free district in India. The district is 10.03% urbanised. The district spans 2,652 km², more than half of which is covered by forest.
Kerk Chee Yee
Kerk Chee Yee (Chinese: 郭子毅; pinyin: Guō Ziyì; Jyutping: Gwok3 Zi2 Ngai6; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Keh Chú-gē; born 9 July 1992) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Deputy Speaker of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly since July 2023 and Member of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ayer Keroh since May 2018. He served as Member of the Malacca State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under former Chief Minister Adly Zahari from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH state administration in March 2020. He became a Melaka EXCO Member and MLA at the age of 25. He is a member from Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition, presently the youngest Melaka MLA and son of former Secretary-General of DAP Kerk Kim Hock.

Ayer Keroh (state constituency)
Ayer Keroh is a state constituency in Malacca, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly from 1974 to 1986, from 1995 to present.

The state constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Malacca State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system. Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Ayer Keroh is Kerk Chee Yee from the Democratic Action Party (DAP) which is part of the state's opposition coalition, Pakatan Harapan (PH).
Sir Robert Laurie, 4th Baronet
Sir Robert Laurie 4th Baronet  (1708–1779) of Maxwelton, Dumfries was a Scottish politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1738 to 1741

Laurie was the eldest son of Sir Walter Laurie, 3rd Baronet, of Maxwelton, and his first wife  Jean Nisbet of Dean, Midlothian. He succeeded his father to the baronetcy on 23 November 1731. He married Christian Erskine, eldest daughter of Charles Erskine, of Alva, Clackmannanshire, and Tinwald, Dumfries, on 4 February 1733.

Laurie was brought in by his father-in-law, Charles Erskine, as Member of Parliament for Dumfries Burghs at a by-election on 19 June 1738. He voted with the Administration on the Spanish convention in 1739 and on the place bill in 1740. He did not stand at the 1741 British general election.

Laurie died on 28 April 1779 leaving a son and a daughter. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son  Robert.

1741 British general election
The 1741 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 9th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. The election saw support for the government party increase in the quasi-democratic constituencies which were decided by popular vote, but the Whigs lost control of a number of rotten and pocket boroughs, partly as a result of the influence of the Prince of Wales, and were consequently re-elected with the barest of majorities in the Commons, Robert Walpole's supporters only narrowly outnumbering his opponents.
Nude in a Black Armchair
Nude in a Black Armchair (French: Nu au Fauteuil Noir) is an oil on canvas painting by Pablo Picasso. Painted on 9 March 1932, a time at which Picasso lived in Boisgeloup outside Paris, it is the first and largest of a series of paintings Picasso completed that year of his mistress Marie-Thérèse Walter. The painting was purchased by Les Wexner at Christie's auction in 1999 for the value of $45.1 million.

Château de Boisgeloup
Château de Boisgeloup is an 18th-century château near Gisors in Eure, Normandy, formerly owned by Pablo Picasso and now a private art gallery run by his grandson Bernard Ruiz-Picasso and gallerist Almine Rech.

Picasso bought Château de Boisgeloup with his wife Olga Khokhlova in June 1930. There he developed his art into a more abstract style and experimented in sculpture. He also produced there many of the prints from the Vollard Suite (1930–1937).

Picasso left Boisgeloup before World War II after his break-up with Olga Khokhlova in 1937. She took over the château and it was inherited by their son Paulo Picasso in 1973 and then by Bernard Ruiz-Picasso in 1975.

In 2002 Bernard Ruiz-Picasso and his wife Almine Rech founded the Fundación Almine y Bernard Ruiz-Picasso para el Arte (FABA) to steer Picasso's legacy and in 2012 opened the château and Picasso's studio to the public, starting the first of a series of contemporary art exhibitions with Un Soir à Boisgeloup.