hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buntsandstein
The Buntsandstein (German for coloured or colourful sandstone) or Bunter sandstone is a lithostratigraphic and allostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Buntsandstein predominantly consists of sandstone layers of the Lower Triassic series and is one of three characteristic Triassic units, together with the Muschelkalk and Keuper that form the Germanic Trias Supergroup.

The Buntsandstein is similar in age, facies and lithology with the Bunter of the British Isles. It is normally lying on top of the Permian Zechstein and below the Muschelkalk. In the past the name Buntsandstein was in Europe also used in a chronostratigraphic sense, as a subdivision of the Triassic system. Among reasons to abandon this use was the discovery that its base lies actually in the latest Permian.

Chronostratigraphy
Chronostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy that studies the ages of rock strata in relation to time.

The ultimate aim of chronostratigraphy is to arrange the sequence of deposition and the time of deposition of all rocks within a geological region, and eventually, the entire geologic record of the Earth.

The standard stratigraphic nomenclature is a chronostratigraphic system based on palaeontological intervals of time defined by recognised fossil assemblages (biostratigraphy). The aim of chronostratigraphy is to give a meaningful age date to these fossil assemblage intervals and interfaces.
Richard L. Doty
Richard L. Doty is a professor of psychology and otorhinolaryngology at the University of Pennsylvania. He has also been the director of the University of Pennsylvania's Smell and Taste Center since 1980.

Doty is considered a world-renowned researcher in the field of olfactory functioning and dysfunction (anosmia). He is a pioneer in the development and validation of practical quantitative tests of olfaction, including the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Jay Russell (writer)
Jay Russell (born 1961) is an American-born, UK-based author of crime, horror and fantasy fiction.  He is the creator of Marty Burns, a supernatural detective, who has appeared in a series of novels and short stories beginning with Celestial Dogs.  Russell's fiction is typified by a mixing of genre elements, often overlaid with a comic sensibility.

Russell was born in Queens County in New York City.  He attended Cornell University.   He later attended the University of Southern California, receiving a doctorate in communications.

He currently teaches creative writing at the esteemed St Mary's University, Twickenham.

St Mary's University, Twickenham
St Mary's University is a public university in Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Established in 1850, it is the oldest Catholic university in the United Kingdom. The university received full university status in 2014 and has since expanded its academic portfolio, particularly in teacher education, sport science, health, and the humanities. St Mary's is a campus university with a student population of around 5,000, and is noted for its  community, Catholic heritage, and partnerships across London's education and health sectors.
Sadang station
Sadang Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 2 and Seoul Subway Line 4 in South Korea.

Sadang Station has one island platform for Line 4 and two side platforms for Line 2. The Line 2 platforms of this station were the second in South Korea to have platform screen doors installed, after Yongdu Station and the first to be retrofitted on existing platforms, on October 21, 2005.

Both platform levels are located in Sadang-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul.

Seoul Subway Line 4
Seoul Subway Line 4 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a long line crossing from the southwest to the northeast across the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The central section in Seoul City is operated by Seoul Metro with some trains offering through service to Korail's Ansan and Gwacheon Lines. The southern terminus (Oido) is in Jeongwang 4-dong, Siheung City, and the northern terminus (Jinjeop) is in Jinjeop-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do; the newly built northern section (officially called the Jinjeop Line) is correspondingly owned by a company owned by Namyangju-si, with operations contracted to Seoul Metro. In 2022, the Seoul Metro operated section (excluding the Jinjeop Line) had an annual ridership of 219,587,000 or about 601,608 passengers per day.

Express train service stops at all stations between Danggogae and Sanbon, then at Sangnoksu, Jungang, Choji, Ansan, Jeongwang, and Oido. The express service only operates during rush hours on weekdays.
2001 Pacifica Cup (cricket)
The Pacifica Cup was an international cricket tournament contested in 2001 and 2002 by teams from the Pacific Islands. The 2001 tournament was played in Auckland, New Zealand.

New Zealand Māori defeated the Fiji national team to win the tournament.

New Caledonia national cricket team
The New Caledonia cricket team is the team that represents the French overseas territory of New Caledonia in international cricket matches. They are not currently a member of the International Cricket Council, though they have taken part in various regional tournaments such as the Pacifica Cup and the cricket tournaments of the South Pacific Games.

They have had virtually no success at all, as they have lost every single match they have played, twice conceding 500 runs to Papua New Guinea.
2011 US Open (tennis)
The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United States. It began on August 29 and was originally scheduled to end on September 11, but the men's final was postponed to September 12 due to rain.

Rafael Nadal and Kim Clijsters were the defending champions. Due to an abdominal muscle injury, Clijsters opted not to defend her title.

In the women's singles, Australia's Samantha Stosur defeated Serena Williams in straight sets 6–2, 6–3 for her first Grand Slam title. Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980.

In the men's singles, both Nadal and Novak Djokovic played the final for the second consecutive year. This time, Djokovic won 6–2, 6–4, 6–7(3–7), 6–1 for his first US Open title.

Stéphane Houdet
Stéphane Houdet (born 20 November 1970) is a French wheelchair tennis player. Houdet is a former singles and doubles world number one. In 2014, he became the first man in history to complete the calendar-year Grand Slam in men's wheelchair doubles.

He competed in wheelchair tennis at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

In July 2022, Houdet was suspended from competition after missing three anti-doping tests in a 12-month window.
USS Water Witch (1851)
The third USS Water Witch was a wooden-hulled, sidewheel gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She is best known as the ship fired on by Paraguay in 1855.  In 1864 she was captured by the Confederate States Navy, and subsequently was taken into that Navy as CSS Water Witch.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the 11 U.S. representatives from the state of Virginia, one from each of the state's 11 congressional districts. The elections coincided with other states' elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Primary elections took place on June 12.

The state congressional delegation flipped from a 7–4 Republican majority to a 7–4 Democratic majority. Democrats last held a majority of seats in the state in 2010.

Barbara Comstock
Barbara Jean Comstock (née Burns; born June 30, 1959) is an American politician and attorney who served as the U.S. representative for Virginia's 10th congressional district from 2015 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2010 to 2014.

Comstock first won election to her seat in the House of Delegates in 2009. In 2014, she was elected to succeed retiring Republican incumbent Frank Wolf in Congress. Comstock has worked in numerous positions for various government agencies, including as chief counsel of the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, as director of public affairs at the Department of Justice and as a congressional staffer. In 2019, she joined the lobbying firm Baker Donelson as a senior advisor.
Variadic
In computer science, an operator or function is variadic if it can take a varying number of arguments; that is, if its arity is not fixed.

For specific articles, see:

Variadic function

Variadic macro in the C preprocessor

Variadic template

Variadic macro in the C preprocessor
A variadic macro is a feature of some computer programming languages, especially the C preprocessor, whereby a macro may be declared to accept a varying number of arguments.

Variable-argument macros were introduced in 1999 in the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (C99) revision of the C language standard, and in 2011 in ISO/IEC 14882:2011 (C++11) revision of the C++ language standard. Support for variadic macros with no arguments was added in C++20 and C23.
2018 Zagreb Ladies Open – Doubles
Maria João Koehler and Katalin Marosi were the defending champions, having won the previous event in 2011, but neither player chose to participate.

Andrea Gámiz and Aymet Uzcátegui won the title, defeating Elena Bogdan and Alexandra Cadanțu in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Katalin Marosi
Katalin Marosi (born 12 November 1979) is a Hungarian former professional tennis player.

In her career, Marosi won 15 singles and 31 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 8 May 2000, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 101. On 6 May 2013, she peaked at No. 33 in the doubles rankings.

Playing for Hungary Fed Cup team, Marosi has a win–loss record of 15–13.
Katharina Konradi
Katharina Konradi is a Kyrgyzstani/German operatic soprano based in Germany. She has performed at major opera houses, especially Sophie (Der Rosenkavalier), Gilda (Rigoletto) and Susanna (Le Nozze di Figaro). She is also known as a lieder singer with a broad repertoire including contemporary music, performed at Wigmore Hall in London among others, and has released multiple recordings.

Hamburg State Opera
The Hamburg State Opera (in German: Staatsoper Hamburg) is a German opera company based in Hamburg. Its theatre is near the square of Gänsemarkt. Since the 2025/26 season, the Intendant of the company is Tobias Kratzer, and the Generalmusikdirektor is Omer Meir Wellber.
Western Australian Speleological Group
The Western Australian Speleological Group (WASG) is a speleological group based in Nedlands, Western Australia. It was created in 1958 to promote speleology, scientific investigation, and the fostering and preservation of caves in Western Australia. As Western Australia's largest caving group, WASG continually arranges caving expeditions to undertake cave surveys, implement rehabilitation measures, and work to enable better access to caves. Earlier speleology in Western Australia had been done by the Western Australian Museum. Some published material identifies their parent organisation, the Australian Speleological Federation, rather than WASG, in their appraisals.

Cave survey
A cave survey is a map of all or part of a cave system, which may be produced to meet differing standards of accuracy depending on the cave conditions and equipment available underground. Cave surveying and cartography, i.e. the creation of an accurate, detailed map, is one of the most common technical activities undertaken within a cave and is a fundamental part of speleology. Surveys can be used to compare caves to each other by length, depth and volume, may reveal clues on speleogenesis, provide a spatial reference for other areas of scientific study and assist visitors with route-finding.

Traditionally, cave surveys are produced in two-dimensional form due to the confines of print, but given the three-dimensional environment inside a cave, modern techniques using computer aided design are increasingly used to allow a more realistic representation of a cave system.
Andriy Toptun
Andriy Toptun or Andrii Toptun (Ukrainian: Андрій Топтун; born 31 December 1980) is a Ukrainian marathon runner. He has won the Moscow Marathon, Philadelphia Marathon, Regensburg Marathon and Nürburgring-Lauf. He has also been runner-up at the Düsseldorf Marathon, California International Marathon, and the Moscow International Peace Marathon. He has represented Ukraine three times at the European Mountain Running Championships.

He won the 2008 Green Bay Marathon, finishing with the time of 2:22:51.

Düsseldorf Marathon
The Düsseldorf Marathon is an annual road marathon in Düsseldorf, Germany in early May, first held in 2003.

The generally flat course runs through parts of the city and alongside the banks of the Rhine.  The race day also includes other events, such as a marathon road relay, and over 10,000 people participate annually.

The race is a member of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) and the German Road Races group. It is sponsored by Metro Group, a large international retailer based in the same city.
Olga Stulneva
Olga Olegovna Stulneva (Russian: Ольга Олеговна Фёдорова, née Fyodorova, sometimes listed as Fedorova; born July 14, 1983, in Alapayevsk, Russian SFSR) is a Russian athlete and bobsledder.
She's married with bobsledder Alexey Stulnev.

Alapayevsk
Alapayevsk (Russian: Алапа́евск) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Neyva and Alapaikha rivers. Population: 38,192 (2010 census); 44,263 (2002 census); 50,060 (1989 census); 49,000 (1968).
Carlson Wade
Carlson Wade (7 June 1928 – 1993) was an American alternative health writer who authored many books promoting detoxification, fasting, juicing, megavitamin therapy, natural foods and raw food dieting. He developed a fad diet known as the Enzyme-Catalyst Diet.

Raw foodism
Raw foodism, also known as rawism or a raw food diet, is the dietary practice of eating only or mostly food that is uncooked and unprocessed. Depending on the philosophy, or type of lifestyle and results desired, raw food diets may include a selection of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, eggs, fish, meat, and dairy products. The diet may also include simply processed foods, such as various types of sprouted seeds, cheese, and fermented foods such as yogurts, kefir, kombucha, or sauerkraut, but generally not foods that have been pasteurized, homogenized, or produced with the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, solvents, and food additives.

The British Dietetic Association has described raw foodism as a fad diet. Raw food diets, specifically raw veganism, may diminish intake of essential minerals and nutrients, such as vitamin B12. Claims made by raw food proponents are pseudoscientific.: 44
Paweł Ptak
Paweł Ptak (born 28 January 1983) is a Polish sprinter. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 400 m relay at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships, although he only participated in the heats. His team won third place in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2001 European Athletics Junior Championships.

2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 11th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) was held in Moscow from March 10 to March 12, 2006 in the Olimpiyski Sport arena.

The announcement by the IAAF in November 2003 was a blow to Madrid, which was also in the running to hold the event but Spain had already held the competition twice. This was the first major senior athletics competition to be held in the country since the highly boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.

The majority of athletes from Great Britain, Australia and Jamaica, amongst other countries, did not attend the Championships, due to the coinciding 2006 Commonwealth Games.
Summersby
Summersby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Summersby (1882–1961), British draper and Liberal National politician

Kay Summersby (1908–1975), personal secretary to Dwight D. Eisenhower

Roy Summersby (1935–2016), English footballer

Kay Summersby
Kathleen Helen Summersby BEM (née MacCarthy-Morrogh; 23 November 1908 – 20 January 1975), known as Kay Summersby, was an Irish member of the British Mechanised Transport Corps during World War II, who served as a chauffeur and later as personal secretary to Dwight D. Eisenhower during his period as Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force in command of the Allied forces in North West Europe.

Summersby and Eisenhower spent a significant amount of time together until World War II ended, at which time Eisenhower cut ties and returned to the United States. It is generally agreed that Summersby and Eisenhower became extremely close during the war; some writers have suggested a sexual relationship between the two, although people who knew both of them at the time have rejected that claim, as have most of Eisenhower's biographers.
Kieft
Kieft is a Dutch surname. Kieft is a regional and/or archaic form of modern Dutch kievit (= lapwing). Notable people with the surname include:

Willem Kieft (1597–1647), Dutch merchant and director of New Netherland

Jan Jacob Kieft (1877–1946), Dutch gymnast

Ko Kieft (born 1998), American football player

Cyril Kieft (1911–2004), Welsh industrialist and racing driver

Wim Kieft (born 1962), Dutch footballer

Adam Kieft (born 1982), American football offensive lineman

Robbin Kieft (born 1987), Dutch footballer

Van de(r) Kieft:

Arjen van der Kieft (born 1985), Dutch speed skater

Fleur van de Kieft (born 1973), Dutch field hockey player

nl:Johan van de Kieft (1884–1970), Dutch government minister

Fleur van de Kieft
Fleur Nicolette Andrea van de Kieft (born 22 October 1973 in Amsterdam) is a former field hockey striker from the Netherlands, who played 137 official international matches for Holland, in which she scored a total number of 44 goals.

Van de Kieft was a member of the Dutch Women's Team that won the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics, after defeating Spain (2-0) in the third place match. Four years earlier, when Atlanta, Georgia hosted the Games, she won her first Olympic bronze medal.

A player from Laren and Rotterdam Van de Kieft made her debut for the Dutch on 29 January 1996 in a friendly against the United States. Her last cap came on 1 September 2002, when Holland defeated Australia: 4–3.
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Men's 500 metres
The men's 500 metres races of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Taereung International Ice Rink, in Seoul, South Korea, were held on the weekend of 21–23 November 2014.

Race one was won by Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia, while Mo Tae-bum of South Korea came second, and Ruslan Murashov of Russia came third. Dai Dai Ntab of the Netherlands won Division B of race one, and was thus, under the rules, automatically promoted to Division A for race two.

In race two, the top two were the same as in race one, Kulizhnikov and Mo, while Laurent Dubreuil of Canada took the bronze. Pim Schipper of the Netherlands won Division B of race two.

Pavel Kulizhnikov
Pavel Aleksandrovich Kulizhnikov (Russian: Павел Александрович Кулижников; born 20 April 1994) is a Russian speed skater. He won the men's 500 metres event at the 2015 World Single Distance Championships as well as the 2015 World Sprint Championships, becoming the youngest winner since speed skating icon Eric Heiden of the United States. In 2015, he became the first speed skater to finish the 500-meter in under 34 seconds with a world record of 33.98. In 2020 he became the first speed skater to break 1:06 in the 1000 metres. At the 2016 World Single Distance Championships, Kulizhnikov won the men's 500 m and 1000 m, becoming the first man to win gold in both distances at the same speed skating World Single Distances Championships.
AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon
The AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) is a glide bomb that resulted from a joint venture between the United States Navy and Air Force to deploy a standardized medium-range precision-guided weapon, especially for engagement of defended targets from outside the range of standard anti-aircraft defenses, thereby increasing aircraft survivability and minimizing friendly losses.
It is intended to be used against soft targets such as parked aircraft, trucks, armored personnel carriers (APCs), and surface-to-air missile sites (SAMs). Prior to launch, it is given a destination through either a predesignated waypoint or a point marked through a targeting pod. It glides, using two wings that pop out for added lift, to the marked destination and dispenses submunitions in a short, roughly linear pattern. The designation of the Joint Standoff Weapon as an "air-to-ground missile" is a misnomer, as it is an unpowered bomb with guidance avionics, similar to the older GBU-15.

Avionics
Avionics (a portmanteau of aviation and electronics) are the electronic systems used on aircraft. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. These can be as simple as a searchlight for a police helicopter or as complicated as the tactical system for an airborne early warning platform.