hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muenke syndrome
Muenke syndrome, also known as FGFR3-related craniosynostosis, is a human specific condition characterized by the premature closure of certain bones of the skull during development, which affects the shape of the head and face. First described by Maximilian Muenke, the syndrome occurs in about 1 in 30,000 newborns. This condition accounts for an estimated 8 percent of all cases of craniosynostosis.

Head
A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilaterally symmetric forms do, regardless of size.

Heads develop in animals by an evolutionary trend known as cephalization. In bilaterally symmetrical animals, nervous tissue concentrate at the anterior region, forming structures responsible for information processing. Through biological evolution, sense organs and feeding structures also concentrate into the anterior region; these collectively form the head.
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Americas)
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak depict subjects in the Americas extensively. The leaks, which began on November 28, 2010, occurred when the website of WikiLeaks—an international new media non-profit organisation that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and news leaks—started to publish classified documents of detailed correspondence — diplomatic cables — between the United States Department of State and its diplomatic missions around the world. Since the initial release date, WikiLeaks released further documents every day.

Obstruction of justice in the United States
In United States jurisdictions, obstruction of justice refers to a number of offenses that involve unduly influencing, impeding, or otherwise interfering with the justice system, especially the legal and procedural tasks of prosecutors, investigators, or other government officials. Common law jurisdictions other than the United States tend to use the wider offense of perverting the course of justice.

Obstruction is a broad crime that may include acts such as perjury, making false statements to officials, witness tampering, jury tampering, destruction of evidence, and many others. Obstruction also applies to overt coercion of court or government officials via the means of threats or actual physical harm, and to deliberate sedition against a court official to undermine the appearance of legitimate authority.
Oxalate CoA-transferase
In enzymology, an oxalate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

succinyl-CoA + oxalate  succinate + oxalyl-CoA

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are succinyl-CoA and oxalate, whereas its two products are succinate and oxalyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the CoA-transferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is succinyl-CoA:oxalate CoA-transferase. Other names in common use include succinyl-beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase, and oxalate coenzyme A-transferase.  This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.

Oxalate
Oxalate (systematic IUPAC name: ethanedioate) is an anion with the chemical formula C2O2−4. This dianion is colorless. It occurs naturally, including in some foods. It forms a variety of salts, for example sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), and several esters such as dimethyl oxalate ((CH3)2C2O4). It is a conjugate base of oxalic acid. At neutral pH in aqueous solution, oxalic acid converts completely to oxalate.
Rynhach
Rynhach (Ukrainian: Рингач; Romanian: Rângaci) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Novoselytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

This commune also administers the village of Shishkivtsi (Ukrainian: Шишківці, Romanian: Șișcăuți, German: Schischkoutz or Schiskoutz).

Until 18 July 2020, Rynhach belonged to Novoselytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three. The area of Novoselytsia Raion was split between Chernivtsi and Dnistrovskyi Raions, with Rynhach being transferred to Chernivtsi Raion. In 2001, 92.96% of the inhabitants spoke Ukrainian as their native language, while 5.92% spoke Romanian.

Novoselytsia urban hromada
Novoselytsia urban territorial hromada (Ukrainian: Новоселицька міська територіальна громада, romanized: Novoselytska miska terytorialna hromada) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in the western Chernivtsi Oblast. Its administrative centre is the city of Novoselytsia. According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, out of 32,104 inhabitants of the Novoselytsia urban hromada, 17,697 were Romanian-speaking (55.12%), out of which 16,563 called their native language Moldovan (51.59%) and 1,134 (3.53%) called it Romanian. Moreover, 13,338 inhabitants spoke Ukrainian (41.55%) and 1,015 spoke Russian (3.16%).
Gandel
Gandel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Gandel (born 1935), Australian businessman, property developer, and philanthropist

Pauline Gandel, Australian philanthropist, wife of John

John Gandel
John Gandel AC (born 1935 as Aaron Jonna Gandel) is an Australian businessman, property developer and philanthropist. He made his fortune in the development of commercial real estate as well as shopping centres located in Melbourne, Victoria.

Gandel inherited much of his wealth from his Polish-immigrant parents, founders of the Sussan women's clothing chain.
San Diego Class 1 streetcar
The San Diego Class 1 streetcar was a fleet of twenty-four unique streetcars that were originally built to provide transportation for the Panama–California Exposition in Balboa Park. The cars were designed by the San Diego Electric Railway Company (SDERy) under the leadership of John D. Spreckels and built by the St. Louis Car Company. These cars, which took the best elements from preceding models and integrated them into a new, modern streetcar design, went on to serve the many neighborhoods of San Diego until they were retired in 1939.

While most of them were ultimately destroyed over the years, three remaining Class 1 streetcars are preserved and are in storage.

Balboa Park (San Diego)
Balboa Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) historic urban cultural park in San Diego, California. Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use. The park hosts various museums, theaters, restaurants, and the San Diego Zoo. It is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego.

Balboa Park hosted the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition, both of which left architectural landmarks. The park and its historic exposition buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Shudra
Shudra or Shoodra (Sanskrit: Śūdra) is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India. Some sources translate it into English as a caste, or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like workers.

According to Richard Gombrich's study of Buddhist texts, particularly relating to castes in Sri Lankan Buddhist and Tamil Hindu society,

The terms Vaisya and Sudra did not correspond to any clear-cut social units, even in the ancient period, but various groups were subsumed under each term [...]; In medieval times (say AD 500–1500) though society was still said to consist of the four classes, this classification seems to have become irrelevant[.]

The word Shudra appears in the Rigveda and it is found in other Hindu texts such as the Manusmriti, Arthashastra, dharmaśāstras and jyotiḥśāstras. In some cases, Shudras participated in the coronation of kings, or were amatya "ministers" and rajas "kings" according to early Indian texts.

Outline of ancient India
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India:

Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE.
Frederick Warriner
Frederick Edgar Warriner (April 3, 1884 – December 26, 1966) was the 34th Mayor of Winnipeg in 1937.

He was born in Stouffville, Ontario and received his degree in dentistry from the University of Toronto in 1907. He moved to Winnipeg in 1917 and set up practice.

Warriner was elected to the Winnipeg School Board in 1928 and served on it until 1937 when he was elected mayor replacing John Queen who, in turn, succeeded Warriner one year later.

He also served as mayor of Winnipeg Beach from 1931 to 1936.

Winnipeg Beach
Winnipeg Beach is a town in the Interlake Region, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The town was founded in 1900 by Sir William Whyte and is located at the junction of Highway 9 and Highway 229 on the southwestern shore of Lake Winnipeg, about 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of Winnipeg. It is bordered by the Rural Municipality of Gimli, the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews, and Dunnottar as well as Lake Winnipeg. Nearby towns are Ponemah, Whytewold, and Matlock (all to the south), Gimli, and Sandy Hook, (located to the north), as well as Teulon, and Selkirk. Its permanent population is 1,439 (as of 2021)
Hits Alive
Hits Alive is the first compilation album by American country music artist Brad Paisley. This album contains two CDs of a collection of Paisley's greatest hits spanning his entire career. The first disc contains studio versions, and the second disc contains live versions. It was released on November 2, 2010, on Arista Nashville. It sold 31,000 copies in its first week. As of the chart dated April 16, 2011, the album has sold 235,881 copies in the US.

Arista Nashville
Arista Nashville was an American record label that served as a wholly owned division of Sony Music, operated under the Sony Music Nashville division. Founded in 1989, the label specialized in country music artists, including Alan Jackson, Brooks & Dunn, Brad Paisley, and Carrie Underwood. The label had operated three sister labels: Career Records, Arista Austin, and Arista Texas/Latin.
Airton Pavilhão
Airton Ferreira da Silva, best known as Airton Pavilhão (31 October 1934 – 3 April 2012) was an association football defender.

Pavilhão was born and died in Porto Alegre, Brazil. In the course of his career (1949–1971), he played for Força e Luz, Grêmio, Santos and Cruz Alta Rio Grande do Sul. He won eleven Campeonato Gaúcho with Grêmio (from 1956 to 1960 and from 1962 to 1967).

Campeonato Gaúcho
The Campeonato Gaúcho (English: Gaúcho Championship), officially named as Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Série A and commonly known as the Gauchão or the Gauchão Ipiranga for sponsorship reasons, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).

The rivalry of two of the better-known Brazilian teams (Grêmio and Internacional) have a significant impact in the history of the tournament. Since 1940, the Grenal duo have won the title on all but four occasions: the defunct Renner was champion in 1954, Juventude almost 44 years later in 1998, Caxias, in 2000, under Tite's command, and Novo Hamburgo in 2017.

Internacional is the biggest winner of the competition, with 46 titles, followed by Grêmio with 43 titles and Guarany of Bagé with two titles.
Bert Lazzarini
Hubert Peter Lazzarini (Italian: [laddzaˈriːni]; 8 September 1884 – 1 October 1952) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and represented the Division of Werriwa in the House of Representatives for over 30 years (1919–1931, 1934–1952). After the ALP split of 1931 he joined the Lang Labor faction, which was reunited with the official ALP in 1936. In the 1940s Lazzarini held ministerial office in the Curtin and Chifley governments, serving as Minister for Home Security (1941–1946), Works (1945), and Works and Housing (1945–1946).

Curtin government
The Curtin government was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister John Curtin. It was made up of members of the Australian Labor Party in the Australian Parliament from 1941 to 1945.
Allah Bakhsh (painter)
Ustad Allah Bakhsh (c. 1895 – 18 October 1978) was a Pakistani painter and calligrapher who was actively involved in Punjabi cultural aesthetics and classical landscape paintings throughout his career. He produced his work in British India, and after the partition, in Pakistan. Most of his work revolves around Punjabi folklore, as well as traditional tales of Persian and Hindu mythology.

The recipient of national literary award, the Pride of Performance in 1963, he is primarily recognized for depicting tragic love stories of Sohni Mahiwal, Heer Ranjha and Tilism-e-Hoshruba, an epic story of Amir Hamza, a legendary Persian adventurer. His work sometimes also depicted the traditional festivals of Punjab. Some of the work he produced after independence was acquired by the National Art Gallery.

Hindu mythology
Hindu mythology refers to the collection of myths associated with Hinduism, derived from various Hindu texts and traditions. These myths are found in sacred texts such as the Vedas, the Itihasas (the Mahabharata and the Ramayana), and the Puranas. They also appear in regional and ethnolinguistic texts, including the Bengali Mangal Kavya and the Tamil Periya Puranam and Divya Prabandham. Additionally, Hindu myths are also found in widely translated fables like the Panchatantra and the Hitopadesha, as well as in Southeast Asian texts influenced by Hindu traditions.
Coeleumenes
Coeleumenes is an indomalayan genus of potter wasps. The following species are classified under this genus:

Coeleumenes burmanicus (Bingham, 1897)

Coeleumenes impavidus (Bingham, 1897)

Coeleumenes indianus (Saussure, 1855)

Coeleumenes multicolor (Giordani Soika, 1935)

Coeleumenes ruficrus Vecht, 1963

Coeleumenes rufopetiolatus (Wickward, 1908)

Coeleumenes rusticanus Selis, 2024

Coeleumenes secundus (Dalla Torre, 1889)

Coeleumenes thoracicus (Sonan, 1939)

Coeleumenes timorensis Vecht, 1963

Coeleumenes vindex (Smith, 1859)

Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre
Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre (14 July 1850 – 6 April 1928) was an Austrian taxonomist, entomologist and botanist.

Dalla Torre was born in Kitzbühel, Tyrol.  He studied natural sciences at the University of Innsbruck. He then worked in the University as an entomologist and in 1895 became professor of zoology at the University of Innsbruck.   He died in Innsbruck, aged 77.
King Kong Encounter
King Kong (better known as King Kong Encounter and also known as Kongfrontation during opening and King Kong: The Ride) was an attraction formerly part of the Studio Tour at Universal Studios Hollywood in Los Angeles. The attraction was based on the 1976 King Kong film and served as a basis for a stand-alone Kongfrontation, a former attraction at Universal Studios Florida. The scene, located amongst the New York Street backlot sets in the heart of the studios, was destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire and was replaced by King Kong: 360 3-D, which was opened on July 1, 2010.

Sheree J. Wilson
Sheree J. Wilson  (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986–1991) and as Alex Cahill-Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993–2001).
Denise Christensen
Denise Christensen is a diver from Tucson, Arizona, United States. She won a gold medal in springboard diving at the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan.

In 1980 she became AIAW diving champion in springboard, and in 1982 she won the AIAW team championship with the Texas Longhorns.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
Christian F. Schilt
Christian Frank Schilt (March 19, 1895 – January 8, 1987) was an American general in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was one of the first Marine Corps aviators and a recipient of the United States highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received the Medal for using his biplane to evacuate wounded Marines under fire in Nicaragua.

In addition to his actions in Nicaragua he saw action in World War I, the Haitian and Nicaraguan campaigns, World War II and the Korean War. He retired after nearly 40 years of active service and was promoted to the rank of four-star general at retirement.

1st Marine Aircraft Wing
The 1st Marine Aircraft Wing is an aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps that serves as the Aviation Combat Element of the III Marine Expeditionary Force.  The wing is headquartered at Camp Foster on the island of Okinawa, Japan.  Activated in 1940, the wing has seen heavy combat operations during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
1977–78 County Championship
The 1977–78 County Championship was the 36th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off  to gain promotion to Divizia C.

Liga IV
Liga IV is the fourth level of the Romanian football league system and is run in all 41 counties and in the Municipality of Bucharest. It was known as the Regional Championship, County Championship, Divizia C – County Phase and Divizia D. Its name was changed into Liga IV before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Andreas Stenglein
Andreas Stenglein (20 January 1929 – 5 January 2025) was a German politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he served in the Landtag of Bavaria from 1958 to 1962 and again from 1963 to 1966.

Stenglein died in Gaustadt on 5 January 2025, at the age of 95, fifteen days before his 96th birthday.

Gaustadt
Gaustadt is a district of Bamberg, Upper Franconia in Germany.

Gaustadt has a population of about 6,500. Until 1972 it was a small independent town, but in that year it became part of the City of Bamberg through a referendum.
Soviet frigate Ryavnyy
Ryavnyy (Russian: Рьяный, "Zealous") was a Project 1135M Burevestnik-class (Russian: Буревестник, "Petrel") Guard Ship (Сторожевой Корабль, SKR) or 'Krivak II' class frigate that served with the Soviet Navy. Launched on 1 September 1979, the vessel operated as part of the Pacific Fleet as an anti-submarine vessel, with an armament built around the Metel Anti-Ship Complex. Ryavnyy took part in operations in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and undertook visits to countries friendly to the Soviet Union. The ship spent time in the Seychelles and North Yemen in 1982 and North Korea in 1985 and 1986. Taken out of service for an overhaul in 1989, Ryavnyy was instead placed in reserve until 17 July 1997, when the ship was decommissioned and sold to be broken up.

Anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM or ASM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A large number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.

Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships (also referred to as ship-to-ship missiles), submarines, bombers, fighter planes, patrol planes, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles, and, conceivably, even infantrymen firing shoulder-launched missiles. The term surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is used when appropriate. The longer-range anti-ship missiles are often called anti-ship cruise missiles. Several countries  are also developing anti-ship ballistic missiles.
Mkhize
Mkhize is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bertha Mkhize (1889–1981), South African teacher and businesswoman

Emmanuel Mkhize (born 1989), South African cricketer

Florence Mkhize (1932–1999), South African anti-apartheid activist

Hlengiwe Mkhize (1952–2021), South African politician

Linda Mkhize (1981–2018), South African rapper

Nomhlangano Beauty Mkhize (1946–1977), South African activist

Saul Mkhize (1935–1983), South African activist

Senzo Mkhize (died 2016), South African politician

Shauwn Mkhize, South African businesswoman and socialite

Siphesihle Mkhize (born 1999), South African footballer

Siphetho Mkhize, South African politician

Thamsanqa Mkhize (born 1988), South African footballer

Themba Mkhize, South African jazz musician

Zweli Mkhize (born 1956), South African doctor and ANC politician

Olwethu Mkhize (born 2002), political activist

Nomhlangano Beauty Mkhize
Nomhlangano Beauty Mkhize OLB (12 April 1940) is South African activist, politician, shop steward and wife to late Saul Mkhize. She was born in Sophiatown and she was forcibly removed to Meadowlands in Soweto and that's where she met her husband.
Flute Quartet No. 4 (Mozart)
The Flute Quartet No. 4 in A major, K. 298, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is Mozart's final composition for flute quartet. Unlike the previous three quartets, written for the flutist Ferdinand De Jean, the Quartet in A is believed to have been written for recreational purposes, as opposed to on commission. The low Köchel number is misleading. The work is thought to have been written sometime in 1786 or 1787, only a few years before the composer's death.

It is in three movements:

The third movement is notable for its humorously detailed tempo indication: "Rondieaoux: Allegretto grazioso, ma non troppo presto, però non troppo adagio. Così-così—con molto garbo ed espressione" (or, translated, "A joke rondo: Allegretto grazioso, but not too fast, nor too slow. So-so—with great elegance and expression").

A typical performance lasts about 11 minutes.

Köchel catalogue
The Köchel catalogue (German: Köchel-Verzeichnis) is a catalogue of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, originally created by Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, in which the entries are abbreviated K. or KV. Its numbers reflect the ongoing task of compiling the chronology of Mozart's works, and provide a shorthand reference to the compositions. For example, according to Köchel's counting, Requiem in D minor is the 626th piece Mozart composed, thus is designated K. 626.

Köchel's original catalogue (1862) has been revised several times. Catalogue numbers from these revised editions are indicated either by parentheses or by superscript: K. 49 (47d) or K.6 47d refers to the work numbered 47d in the sixth edition. The catalog was originally chronological, though revisions made chronological ordering of Mozart's works difficult and as of 2024 a new organizational system is used for the ninth version.