hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rainey (crater)
Rainey is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on February 7, 2025. The crater is named for American blues singer and early-blues recording artist Gertrude "Ma" Rainey.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Rainey has extensive patches of hollows on its floor.

To the northwest of Rainey is Simonides.  Neumann is to the southeast.

Neumann (crater)
Neumann is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 120 kilometers. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Neumann is named for the German architect Johann Balthasar Neumann, who lived from 1687 to 1753.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

To the east of Neumann is Mofolo crater, and to the southeast is Equiano crater.  To the southwest are the Mirni Rupes.

Neumann (left foreground), Equiano (right), and Mofolo (upper left) craters. The crater in upper right is unnamed.
Irith Pomeranz
Irith Pomeranz (Hebrew: אירית פומרנץ) is an Israeli electrical engineer known for her research in circuit testing and fault tolerance. She is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University and a Fellow of the IEEE.

As of 2019, her current research includes: Test generation, design for testability, built in self test and diagnosis of integrated circuits.

Circuit design
In electrical engineering, the process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from complex electronic systems down to the individual transistors within an integrated circuit.  One person can often do the design process without needing a planned or structured design process for simple circuits. Still, teams of designers following a systematic approach with intelligently guided computer simulation are becoming increasingly common for more complex designs.  In integrated circuit design automation, the term "circuit design" often refers to the step of the design cycle which outputs the schematics of the integrated circuit. Typically this is the step between logic design and physical design.
Henry Palmer (priest)
Henry Palmer (24 January 1741 – 12 April 1801) was an Anglican priest in the late eighteenth century, who died in the first year of the 19th century.

Palmer was born in County Longford. He entered Trinity College, Dublin in 1776 and graduated B.A. in 1761 and M.A. in 1764.  He was  appointed Archdeacon of Ossory in 1772, holding the position until his death. Palmer was also Precentor of Lismore Cathedral from 1782 to 1797.

County Longford
County Longford (Irish: Contae an Longfoirt) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster. It is named after the town of Longford. Longford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 46,634 at the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of Annaly (Anghaile), formerly known as Teffia (Teathbha).
Penlee Quarry railway
The Penlee Quarry railway was a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge industrial railway serving the Penlee Quarry at Newlyn in Cornwall, UK. It was Cornwall's most westerly railway and one of the last operating narrow-gauge industrial railways in the UK.

2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
Two foot and 600 mm gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways with track gauges of 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), respectively. Railways with similar, less common track gauges, such as 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) and 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm), are grouped with 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways.
Ebrahim Raisi 2017 presidential campaign
The Ebrahim Raisi 2017 presidential campaign began when Ebrahim Raisi, chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi, launched his campaign for the 2017 presidential election. Raisi's campaign pursued a populist agenda.

Front of Islamic Revolution Stability
The Front of Islamic Revolution Stability (Persian: جبههٔ پایداری انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: Jebha-ye pāydārī-e enqelāb-e eslāmī, also translated Persevering Front, Endurance Front, Steadfast Front and Paydari Front) is an Iranian principlist political group described as "extreme end of the fundamentalist camp" and "Iran’s most right-wing party".

The group was established as an electoral list for the 2012 legislative election. The front is partly made up of former ministers of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Taqi Yazdi is said to be the "spiritual leader" behind the group.

The front declares that it stands against both "sedition" (2009 Iranian presidential election protests) and the "deviant current". Rajanews website is its online mouthpiece.
2018 RAN Women's Sevens
The 2018 RAN Women's Sevens was the 14th edition of the annual rugby sevens tournament organized by Rugby Americas North. It will be played at the Barbados Polo Club in Saint James, Barbados, with the winner eligible for the 2019 Hong Kong Women's Sevens qualifier tournament and two teams advancing to the 2019 Pan American Games.

Rugby sevens at the 2019 Pan American Games
Rugby sevens at the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru was held from July 26th to 28th. The venue for the competition is the rugby sevens stadium located at the Villa María del Triunfo cluster.

A total of eight men's and eight women's teams (each consisting up to 12 athletes) competed in each tournament. This means a total of 192 athletes were scheduled to compete. After making its debut at the 2015 edition, the women's tournament has been expanded to eight teams from six.
Imagology
Imagology is a branch of comparative literature. More specifically, it is concerned with "the study of cross-national perceptions and images as expressed in literary discourse". While it adopts a constructivist perspective on national stereotypes and national character, it does emphasize that these stereotypes may have real social effects. It was developed in the 1950s with practitioners in France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. It never gained much of a foothold in anglophone academia. This may be attributed to imagology's skewed relationship to Edward Said's influential Orientalism, which is much better known in this context.

Ethnic stereotype
An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their  status, societal and cultural norms. A national stereotype does the same for a given nationality. Stereotyping is typically associated with racism, and may also be used for humor in jokes.

National stereotypes may relate either to one's own ethnicity/nationality or to a foreign/differing one.  Stereotypes about one's own nation may aid in maintaining a national identity due to a collective relatability to a trait or characteristic, referred to as national character.
Ciao ciao Italia
"Ciao ciao Italia" is a song used as the anthem for the Sweden national team during the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The song was written by Lasse Holm and Eddie Oliva and performed by the Swedish band After Shave.

The single peaked at 12th position at the Swedish singles chart. The song also stayed at Svensktoppen for four weeks between 20  May and 10 June 1990, peaking at second position.

Galenskaparna och After Shave
Galenskaparna och After Shave is the collaborative name of two Swedish comedy groups, Galenskaparna and After Shave, from Gothenburg.  In 1982 the two groups joined in order to collaborate on the revue show Skruven är lös, and the collaboration has continued. Since the early 1980s, Galenskaparna och After Shave have produced nearly 28 revues, restaurant shows, and tours, as well as 8 movies, 5 television series and 30 studio albums.

Galenskaparna och After Shave has made some of the biggest movie, TV, song and revue successes in Swedish history, including TV series Macken (The Petrol Station), the movie Hajen som visste för mycket (The Shark that Knew Too Much) and the revue Stinsen brinner (The Station Master is on Fire).
Hymenogastraceae
The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus Psilocybe in the Hymenogastraceae is now restricted to the hallucinogenic species while nonhallucinogenic former species are largely in the genus Deconica classified in the Strophariaceae.

One of the two known species of Wakefieldia has been found recently to belong to this family but formal transfer cannot be made until the phylogeny of the type species of the genus is resolved. Psathyloma, added to the family in 2016, was circumscribed to contain two agarics found in New Zealand.

Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 extant families, more than 400 genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly Amanita virosa (destroying angel) to the coral-like Clavaria zollingeri (violet coral) and bracket-like Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus).
Ange Laurent Lalive de Jully
Ange-Laurent de La Live de Jully (2 October 1725 – 18 March 1779) was an 18th-century French financier and patron of arts.

On 30 June 1741, he married Louise-Elisabeth Chambon, reputed to be more than promiscuous. Madame d'Épinay tells us she pushed the absence of prejudice to the limit where it takes another name. She had a son, born on 7 June 1750. She died in December 1752, struck down by smallpox.

We know he led political missions in Geneva.

On 1 August 1762, he married his second wife, miss Nettine Walckiers, daughter of a Dutch banker and thus became Jean-Joseph de Laborde's brother-in-law, owner of the château de Méréville.

Château de Méréville
The Château de Méréville is a chateau in Méréville in the valley of the Juine, France.  It is the rival of the Désert de Retz as two of the most extensive Landscape Gardens provided with follies and picturesque features — parcs à fabriques — made in the late eighteenth century. Both are early examples of the romantic French Landscape Garden — jardin a l'anglaise — an interpretation of the English garden style that was replacing the Garden à la française.  the Château de Méréville and garden park survive, partially dismantled.

After being owned by a Japanese pension fund who planned to turn it into a golf resort, in 2000 the chateau was bought by the regional government. As of 2008, plans to restore it had made little progress.
1983 Bordeaux Open – Doubles
Hans Gildemeister and Andrés Gómez were the defending champions, but none competed this year.

Stefan Simonsson and Magnus Tideman won the title by defeating Francisco Yunis and Juan Carlos Yunis 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

Magnus Tideman
Magnus Tideman (born 9 April 1963) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden. He won one doubles title and achieved a career-high of World No. 43 in 1988. In singles, he reached the quarterfinals of Toulouse in 1982 (defeating Thierry Tulasne en route) and achieved a career-high ranking of World No. 76 in 1983. Tideman also defeated Manuel Orantes at the 1983 French Open.

After retiring from tennis, he became a tennis coach. He was the coach of Aryna Sabalenka, Thomas Johansson, Jeremy Chardy and Radu Albot. He is currently coaching at the Piatti Tennis Center.
Sequence feature variant type
The Sequence Feature Variant Type (SFVT) refers to the defined sequence variation (mutation) of a given sequence feature in a protein. Consider a protein, its amino acid sequence determines its structure and function. Some regions of the sequence are primarily related to the protein folding, thus the structure, while other regions are related to the protein function, such as an enzyme catalytic site. Across many related species, regions in a corresponding protein would remain conserved from species to species, while the exact amino acid at each location might, and often does, change. To clearly illustrate both the conserved nature of the functional regions and the precise change in the actual amino acid, the Sequence Feature Variant Type is defined.

Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences.
Hot (Seventeen song)
"Hot" is a song by South Korean boy group Seventeen, released by Pledis Entertainment through YG Plus. It was released as the lead single of their fourth studio album, Face the Sun, on May 27, 2022. Written by Woozi, Bumzu, August Rigo, and Ploypaworawan Praison, the song is characterized by its Western guitar riffs.

The song was met with generally positive reviews, winning two South Korean music program awards and being nominated for the MTV Video Music Awards for Best K-Pop. Commercially, the song charted on the national charts of nine countries, including reaching number three on Billboard's World Digital Song Sales chart and number one on Singapore's Regional chart. The music video also became Seventeen's fastest music video to reach 100 million views.

Bumzu
Kye Beom-ju (Korean: 계범주, born November 8, 1991), better known by the stage name Bumzu (범주), is a South Korean record producer, songwriter and singer. He signed to Pledis Entertainment early in his career, and has been co-CEO of the Prismfilter Music Group since 2016.

He is best known for his work with Pledis Entertainment labelmates NU'EST and Seventeen, and has amassed credits working with other South Korean artists including Shinee, Fromis 9, NCT 127, TWS, and BTS's Jin. Since 2019, he has been a full member of the Korea Music Copyright Association (KOMCA), a status given to music creators who meet the highest levels of professional standards and copyright royalties. In 2025, he also became a member of The Recording Academy.
Johann Paul Schiffelholz
Johann Paul Schiffelholz (13 March 1685 – 28 January 1758), was a German Baroque composer and an important composer for the variety of baroque lute called "calichon" or "gallichona" (top string in nominal D)  or "mandora" (top string in nominal E) - not to be confused with the Italian "colascione" - as well as writing the usual trio sonatas, etc., for the violin family of instruments. He was born in Heideck.

Guitar versions of the mandora music are published by Suvini Zerboni as well as one of the trio sonatas by Breitkopf & Härtel.

Colascione
The colascione (or calascione, Italian: [kolaʃˈʃoːne], French: colachon [kɔlaʃɔ̃], also sometimes known as liuto della giraffa meaning giraffe-lute, a reference to its long neck, is a plucked string instrument from the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods, with a lute-like resonant body and a very long neck. It was mainly used in southern Italy. It has two or three strings tuned in fifths.

Noteworthy are the great similarities of the colascione with instruments such as the dutar, the tanbur  or the saz. Nevertheless, there are important differences, such as the bridge being on the top of the body.

Image of Colascione from woodcut from Deutsche Fotothek

A modern reconstruction

Domenico Colla and his brother, who toured Europe in the 1760s, playing both colascione and colascioncino.

Colascione in an illustration from France, 1616.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antimicrobial chemotherapy is the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases.

There are five types of antimicrobial chemotherapy:

Antibacterial chemotherapy, the use of antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections

Antifungal chemotherapy, the use of antifungal drugs to treat fungal infections

Anthelminthic chemotherapy, the use of antihelminthic drugs to treat worm infections

Antiprotozoal chemotherapy, the use of antiprotozoal drugs to treat protozoan infections

Antiviral chemotherapy, the use of antiviral drugs to treat viral infections

Antiprotozoal
Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection.

A paraphyletic group, protozoans have little in common with each other. For example, Entamoeba histolytica, a unikont eukaryotic organism, is more closely related to Homo sapiens (humans), which also belongs to the unikont phylogenetic group, than it is to Naegleria fowleri, a "protozoan" bikont. As a result, agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another.

Antiprotozoal agents can be grouped by mechanism or by organism. Recent papers have also proposed the use of viruses to treat infections caused by protozoa.

Overuse or misuse of antiprotozoals can lead to the development of antiprotozoal resistance.
Spelaeodiscidae
Spelaeodiscidae is a family of very small air-breathing land snails found in Southeastern and East Central Europe.

The family Spelaeodiscidae has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

East-Central Europe
East-Central Europe is a geopolitical term that primarily encompasses the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The area is bordered by East Slavic countries to the east and Germanic-speaking countries to the west.

The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe, which is based on criteria whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different geographical regions of Europe.
St. John Paul II Church
St. John Paul II Church (Icelandic: Kirkja St. Jóhannesar Páls II), a Catholic church in Keflavik, Sudurnes, Iceland.

The congregation is under Diocese of Reykjavík and was dedicated to the memory of Pope John Paul II, who was declared a saint in 2014 by Pope Francis.

Due to the composition of the parish congregation, Masses are offered in Icelandic and Polish.

Diocese of Reykjavík
The Diocese of Reykjavík (Latin: Dioecesis Reykiavikensis)  is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church which covers the whole of the country of Iceland, and numbered 14,723 Catholics as of 2022. It is directly subject to the Holy See.
Druzhba, Republic of Adygea
Druzhba (Russian: Дружба; Adyghe: Зэкъошныгъ) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Dmitriyevskoye Rural Settlement of Koshekhablsky District, Adygea, Russia. The population of this settlement was 736 as of 2018. There are 9 streets.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Kid Kulafu
Kid Kulafu is a 2015 Filipino biographical sports drama film produced and released by Star Cinema together with Ten17P owned by the film's director Paul Soriano. The film dramatizes the life of the boxing superstar Manny Pacquiao during his childhood. It stars Buboy Villar, Alessandra De Rossi and Cesar Montano.

Kid Kulafu was the second biopic of Pacquiao 9 years after Pacquiao: The Movie, which had focused on his early career as a boxer and stardom.

Buboy Villar
Robert "Buboy" Tamayo Villar Jr. (born March 21, 1998) is a Filipino actor, comedian, host and singer. In 2024, he was formerly one of the main presenters of a Philippine noontime show, Tahanang Pinakamasaya!. Villar is signed under GMA Network's talent agency Sparkle.
Arrowwood, Alberta
Arrowwood is a village in Vulcan County, Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 547, approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Okotoks.

The community takes its name from nearby East Arrowwood Creek.

Okotoks
Okotoks (/ˈoʊkətoʊks/ OH-kə-tohks, originally /ˈɒkətɒks/ OK-ə-toks) is a town in the Calgary Region of Alberta, Canada. It is on the Sheep River, approximately 38 km (24 mi) south of Downtown Calgary. Okotoks has emerged as a bedroom community of Calgary. According to the 2021 Federal Census, the town has a population of 30,214, making it one of the largest towns in Alberta.
Wrinkle test
The wrinkle test (attributed as O'Riain's or Leukens' wrinkle test) is a test of peripheral nerve function.  The fingers are placed in warm water for approximately 10–40 minutes.  If the fingers do not wrinkle, this is a sign of denervation.

Wrinkle
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,  habitual sleeping positions, loss of body mass, sun damage, or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors. In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).
Jean-Yves Prigent
Jean-Yves Prigent (born 1954) is a French slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1976 to 1983. He won a three medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with a gold (K1 team: 1977) and two bronzes (K1: 1981; K1 team: 1981). His son Yves and his daughter Camille have also competed in canoe slalom. In 2024 he was convicted of sexually assaulting two teenagers, and was implicated in another case of rape and sexual assault of minors.

1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bala, Wales, Great Britain from July 15-24 under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. It was the 17th edition. The mixed C2 event was reinstated after not being held at the previous championships.
Byram Cemetery
The Byram Cemetery (or the Old Burial Ground at Byram Shore Road) is a cemetery in Greenwich, Connecticut. It has headstones dated back to the 1700s, making it one of the oldest gravesites in the town. The cemetery is divided into 3 sections, one section for early settlers, the Lyon cemetery, and the African American cemetery. There are graves of Civil War veterans also located in the burial ground.

Gravestone
A gravestone or tombstone is a marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may be called a funeral stele, stela, or slab. The use of such markers is traditional for Chinese, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic burials, as well as other traditions. In East Asia, the tomb's spirit tablet is the focus for ancestral veneration and may be removable for greater protection between rituals. Ancient grave markers typically incorporated funerary art, especially details in stone relief. With greater literacy, more markers began to include inscriptions of the deceased's name, date of birth, and date of death, often along with a personal message or prayer. The presence of a frame for photographs of the deceased is also increasingly common.