hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Patna
Patna, the capital of Bihar state, India, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world and the history of Patna spans at least three millennia. Patna has the distinction of being associated with the two most ancient religions of the world, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. The ancient city of  Pataliputra (predecessor of modern Patna) was the capital of the Mauryan, Shunga, and Gupta Empires.

It has been a part of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire and has seen the rule of the Nawabs of Bengal, the East India Company and the British Raj. During British rule, the Patna University, as well as several other educational institutions, were established. Patna was one of the nerve centers of First War of Independence, participated actively in India's Independence movement, and emerged in the post-independent India as the most populous city of East India after Kolkata.

Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).
Walter Lenkeit
Walter Lenkeit (25 June 1900 – 15 March 1986) was a German veterinarian. Lenkeit was professor at the University of Göttingen from 1936 till his retirement in 1970. His research was focused on Animal Nutrition.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
Neuadd Trefawr
Neuadd Trefawr (sometimes spelt Noyadd Trefawr, due to the local accent) is a small village in the  community of Beulah, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 71.9 miles (115.8 km) from Cardiff and 192.8 miles (310.3 km) from London. Neuadd Trefawr is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Noyadd Trefawr is also the name of a Grade II* listed house in the community, which following major refurbishment in April 2017 has been operating as a Guest House.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.
Bamseom
Bamseom (Korean: 밤섬; lit. Chestnut Island) is a pair of islets in the Han River in Seoul, South Korea. The uninhabited islets, with a total area of about 0.24 km2 (0.093 sq mi) and length of 1,147 m (3,763 ft), are located between the larger island of Yeouido, to which they were once connected, and the north shore. They remain connected to one another by a narrow strip of sedimentary silt. Seogang Bridge passes directly over the western islet, though there is no access available, as the islets have been left as a natural sanctuary. There is, however, an observation point for bird-watching. Migratory birds use the islets often and among the birds which can be seen are mallards, great egrets, mandarins, common kestrels, and Eastern spot-billed ducks.

Eastern spot-billed duck
The eastern spot-billed duck or Chinese spot-billed duck (Anas zonorhyncha) is a species of dabbling duck that breeds in East and Southeast Asia. This species was formerly considered a subspecies of the Indian spot-billed duck and both were referred to as the spot-billed duck (A. poecilorhyncha). The name is derived from the yellow spot on the bill.
Cobb Peak (Idaho)
Cobb Peak, at 11,650 feet (3,550 m) above sea level is the 12th highest peak in the Pioneer Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Forest and Blaine County. It is the 35th highest peak in Idaho. Cobb Peak is 1.3 mi (2.1 km) south of Hyndman Peak and 0.8 mi (1.3 km) southwest of Old Hyndman Peak.

Blaine County, Idaho
Blaine County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 24,272. The county seat and largest city is Hailey. It is also home to the Sun Valley ski resort, adjacent to Ketchum.

Blaine County was created by the territorial legislature on March 5, 1895, by combining Alturas and Logan counties; it was named for former congressman and 1884 Republican presidential nominee James G. Blaine. Its present boundaries were set on February 8, 1917, when a western portion was partitioned off to form Camas County.

Blaine County is part of the Hailey, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Rafiqul Bari Chowdhury
Rafiqul Bari Chowdhury (c. 1930 – 8 May 2005) was a Bangladeshi cinematographer-turned-director. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Cinematography four times for the films Golapi Ekhon Traine (1978), Dui Poisar Alta (1982), Heera Mati (1988) and Joyjatra (2004).

Golapi Ekhon Traine
Golapi Ekhon Traine (Bengali: গোলাপী এখন ট্রেনে, romanized: Gōlāpī Ekhon Trēnē, lit. 'Golapi is now on a train' - English name: The Endless Trail) is a Bangladeshi drama film based on the novel of Amjad Hossain Droupodi Ekhon Traine and directed by himself. The film is one of his "Golapi" film series. This film was released on September 5, 1978 and became popular and had positive critical receptions.
Bestival 2008
The Bestival 2008 was the fifth instalment of the Bestival a boutique music festival at Robin Hill on the Isle of Wight. The festival was held between 5–7 September 2008 and over 30,000 people attended.

The festival was nominated for Best Medium Sized Festival, Grass Roots Festival Award, Family Festival Award, Best Lineup and Best Toilets in the UK Festival Awards.

2008 marked the return of Bestival Radio. The station broadcast on-site and kept listeners camping at the festival up-to-date on news and events over the weekend. Bestival FM was sponsored by Jokers' Masquerade

The event was marred by heavy rain on the Friday and Saturday causing stage closures and widespread misery for festival-goers. The fancy dress theme was '30,000 freaks under the sea' so most were prepared for the ensuing aquatics.

DJ Yoda
Duncan Beiny (born 1977 in London, England), better known as DJ Yoda, is a hip hop DJ who uses samples to create an animated musical style. He is known for several awards and media industry achievements.
Sons of Anarchy season 1
The first season of the American television drama series Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 3, 2008, and concluded on November 26, 2008, after 13 episodes aired on cable network FX. It is also the only season to air on Wednesdays before the show moved to Tuesdays for the remainder of its run. Created by Kurt Sutter, it is about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming, a fictional town in California's Central Valley. The show centers on protagonist Jackson "Jax" Teller (Charlie Hunnam), the vice president of the motorcycle club, who begins questioning the club and himself.

Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as other members of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.

Outlaw motorcycle club
An outlaw motorcycle club, known colloquially as a biker club or bikie club (in Australia), is a motorcycle subculture generally centered on the use of cruiser motorcycles, particularly Harley-Davidsons and choppers, and a set of ideals that purport to celebrate freedom, nonconformity to mainstream culture and loyalty to the biker group. The subculture emerged in the United States in the late 1940s and has since spread globally.

In the United States, such motorcycle clubs (MCs) are considered "outlaw" not necessarily because they engage in criminal activity but because they are not sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and do not adhere to the AMA's rules. Instead, the clubs have bylaws reflecting the outlaw biker culture.

The U.S. Department of Justice defines "outlaw motorcycle gangs" (OMG) as "organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises".
Maureen Giles
Maureen Giles (born 27 January 1938) is an Australian former swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre butterfly at the 1956 Summer Olympics. She married John Monckton, an Australian swimmer who also competed at the 1956 Olympics.

Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly event at the 1956 Olympic Games took place on 3 and 5 December. This swimming event used the butterfly stroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.
Jefferson Davis: Unconquerable Heart
Jefferson Davis: Unconquerable Heart is a 1999 non-fiction book by Felicity Allen, published by the University of Missouri Press, about Jefferson Davis.

The author argued that many existing works were overly critical and did not show positive aspects of Davis. Judith Anne Fenner Gentry of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette characterized the work's goal as showing all aspects of Jefferson Davis rather than focusing on the individual's "faults". Brian D. McKnight of Mississippi State University described the work as being "partisan" to the Confederate States of America.

Publishers Weekly stated that the book mainly focused on Davis's personal character in his family life and not outside, wider political developments. The publication stated that the book illustrates "emphasis on Davis the family man and Davis the martyred symbol of a vanquished but proud and unrepentant South."

University of Missouri Press
The University of Missouri Press is a university press operated by the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and London, England; it was founded in 1958 primarily through the efforts of English professor William Peden. Many publications are by, for, and about Missourians. The press also emphasizes the areas of American and world history; military history; intellectual history; biography; journalism; African American studies; women's studies; American, British, and Latin American literary criticism; political science; regional studies; and creative nonfiction. The press has published 2,000 books and publishes about 30 mostly academic books a year.
1993 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team
The 1993 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team represented Bethune–Cookman College (now known as Bethune–Cookman University) as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Wildcats were led by second-year head coach Sylvester Collins for the first nine games and by interim head coach Tyrone McGriff for their final two games. In December 1993, Bethune–Cookman was forced to forfeit their wins against Morgan State and Johnson C. Smith as a result of playing an ineligible player.

1993 Morgan State Bears football team
The 1993 Morgan State Bears football team represented Morgan State University as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by third-year head coach Ricky Diggs, the Bears compiled an overall record of 3–8, with a mark of 1–5 in conference play, and finished sixth in the MEAC.
Samuel B. Stauber Farm
Samuel B. Stauber Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located near Bethania, Forsyth County, North Carolina.  The district encompasses five contributing buildings dated between about 1852 and 1900.  They include the two-story, three bay Greek Revival style farmhouse (1852); barn (c. 1847/1852); a slave dwelling (c. 1852); a mid-to-late 19th century smokehouse; and a corn crib / granary.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Smokehouse
A smokehouse (North American) or smokery (British) is a building where meat or fish is cured with smoke. The finished product might be stored in the building, sometimes for a year or more. Even when smoke is not used, such a building—typically a subsidiary building—is sometimes referred to as a "smokehouse".  When smoke is not used, the term meathouse or meat house is common.
Dalmatian Hinterland
The Dalmatian Hinterland (Croatian: Dalmatinsko zaobalje or Dalmatinsko zaleđe) is the inland hinterland in the historical region of Dalmatia, in southern Croatia.

In Croatia, the region began to be called "Dalmatinska zagora" only in the last century, although it has always been a number of separate historical regions (krajina), one of which was Zagora in the hinterland of Šibenik and Trogir. The name zagora means 'beyond (the) hills', which is a reference to the fact that it is the part of Dalmatia that is not coastal and the existence of the concordant coastline where hills run parallel to the coast.

Trogir
Trogir (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈtrɔ.ɡiːr]) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 10,107 (2021) and a total municipal population of 12,393 (2021). The historic part of the city is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo. It lies 27 kilometres (17 miles) west of the city of Split.

Since 1997, the historic centre of Trogir has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites for its Venetian architecture.
Ricardo Gomez Osnaya
Ricardo Joel Gómez Osnaya is a bishop in the Anglican Church of Mexico. He became the fourth bishop of the Diocese of Western Mexico after his consecration on April 13, 2018. He previously served as archdeacon of San Luis Potosí.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
Finnish Social Democratic Journalists' Union
The Finnish Social Democratic Journalists' Union (Finnish: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Sanomalehtimiesliitto, SSSL) is a trade union representing journalists in Finland.

The union was founded in 1907 in Tampere, by journalists working for publications of the Social Democratic Party of Finland.  Its first president was Kaapo Murros, and in 1911, he was succeeded by Kullervo Manner.

The union affiliated to the Finnish Trade Union Federation, then from 1931 to 1958 to the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions, to a new Finnish Trade Union Federation from 1960, and finally, since 1969, has been affiliated to the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.

The union celebrated its hundredth anniversary in 2007.  It remains a small organisation, and as of 2020, had 271 members.

Finnish Federation of Trade Unions
The Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (Finnish: Suomen Ammattiyhdistysten Keskusliitto, SAK) was a national trade union centre in Finland.

The federation was established in 1930, after the Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ) was banned.  Its initial affiliates were unions which supported the Social Democratic Party of Finland, whereas the SAJ had been dominated by communists.  Over time, the communists became prominent in the SAK, and this led a group of unions to split away in 1960 and form a new Finnish Trade Union Federation (SAJ).  In 1969, the SAK merged with the new SAJ, to form the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions.
Dares to Speak
Dares to Speak: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Boy Love is a 1997 book edited by Joseph Geraci and published by Gay Men's Press. The book examines the dynamics of child sexual abuse and the historical aspects of homosexual interactions between men and boys.

Pederasty
Pederasty (or paederasty in Commonwealth English) (/ˈpɛdəræsti/) refers to same-sex sexual relationships between an adult man and an adolescent boy; some authors also use the term to refer to same-sex female relationships with a similar age gap. Pederasty existed as a socially acknowledged and accepted practice in some premodern societies.

In most countries today, the local age of consent determines whether a person is considered legally competent to consent to sexual acts, and whether such contact is child sexual abuse or statutory rape. An adult engaging in sexual activity with a minor is considered abusive by authorities for a variety of reasons, including the age of the minor and the psychological and physical harm they may endure.
Oyster Bed Bridge
Oyster Bed Bridge is an unincorporated rural community in the township of Lot 24, Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Oyster Bed Bridge is located at the intersections of Route 6 and Route 7, 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of North Rustico and 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Charlottetown in the central part of the province on the north shore.

Prince Edward Island Route 6
Prince Edward Island Route 6 is a secondary highway in central Prince Edward Island.

Route 6 begins in Kensington at the junction of Routes 2 and 20, bearing east. It passes the community of New London before turning at a roundabout in Stanley Bridge. It is the main road through Cavendish, meeting Route 13 in the town, then turning south towards North Rustico. It meets Route 7 at Oyster Bed Bridge, turning east once again. Route 6 is co-signed with Route 15 for 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) south of Brackley Beach, then Route 6 proceeds east through Covehead and Stanhope, cosigned with Route 25 for 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi). It turns south once again near Grand Tracadie before terminating at Route 2 at Bedford Corner, near Dunstaffnage.
Dominik Märki
Dominik Märki  (born 9 October 1990) is a Swiss-American curler, currently living in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He currently plays third on Team Jason Smith.

He competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics, where he won a bronze medal as alternate for the Swiss team.

At his first United States National Championship in 2020, Märki skipped his team to a fourth place finish.

Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fayetteville (/ˈfeɪətvɪl/ FAY-ət-vil) is a city in Washington County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. The population was 93,949 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 103,134 in 2024, making it the second-most populous city in Arkansas and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, within the Ozarks. It is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, with 546,725 residents in 2020.

Fayetteville was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many settlers had come, and was incorporated on November 3, 1836. It is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's flagship university.  When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus change up the pace of the city. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games.
1991 French Polynesian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in French Polynesia on 17 March 1991 for the Territorial Assembly. Gaston Flosse's Tahoera'a Huiraatira won 18 of 41 seats, and Alexandre Léontieff's Polynesian Union coalition won 14. The Aia Api party won five, and Tāvini Huiraʻatira four.

Following the election Flosse formed a coalition with Émile Vernaudon's Aia Api and was elected President of French Polynesia. The coalition lasted only six months. In September 1991, Flosse fired two Aia Api ministers, and instead formed a coalition with Jean Juventin.

Aia Api
The Aia Api (English: New Land) is a political party in French Polynesia. It was founded in 1982 by Émile Vernaudon.

At the last legislative elections on May 23, 2004, and by-elections on February 13, 2005, the party was part of the Union for the Democracy (Union pour la Démocratie), that won 27 out of 57 seats.

The party was officially deregistered in January 2015 for failing to submit its annual accounts.
Antonine Barada
Antonine Barada (August 22, 1807 – March 30, 1885), alternatively spelled Antoine Barada, was an American folk hero in the state of Nebraska; son of an Omaha mother, he was also called Mo shi-no pazhi in the tribal language. While Barada was a historic man, contemporary accounts of his prodigious strength helped establish him as a regional legend, in the mold of Paul Bunyan and Febold Feboldson. Barada's exploits have been counted as fakelore by historians.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
A. B. Shah
A. B. Shah (1920–1981) was the founder-president of the Indian Secular Society.  The organization had its headquarters in Pune in Shah's lifetime but has now shifted to Mumbai.  Until his death, A. B. Shah was the editor of The Secularist, a journal published by the Indian Secular Society (ISS). He also the edited the New Quest published by the Indian Association for Cultural Freedom. Shah took much interest in the problems of Indian Muslims. Shah's writings include What Ails our Muslims? and Religion and Society in India. Shah also edited Jayaprakash Narayan's Prison Diary, written by the prominent Indian leader in jail during the Emergency of 1975.
Professor Shah was a mathematician and a scholar, who became interested in comparative religion and social reform, leading to founding Indian Secular Society.

Jayaprakash Narayan
Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listenⓘ; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), also known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist and independence activist. He is mainly remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for her overthrow in a "total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Ramon Magsaysay Award for public service in 1965.
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5 – Men's mass start
The men's mass start race of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 5, arranged in Eisstadion Inzell, in Inzell, Germany, was held on 8 March 2014.

The champion from the previous season, Arjan Stroetinga of the Netherlands, won the race, while Bart Swings of Belgium came second, and Bob de Vries of the Netherlands came third.

Max Aicher Arena
The Max Aicher Arena (in the past known as Eisstadion Inzell and Ludwig-Schwabl-Stadion) is a stadium located in Inzell, Germany, best known as a speed skating venue. It is an indoor, artificial ice rink, located 690 metres (2,264 feet) above sea level and has a capacity of 10,000 people. Since its opening, as an outdoor venue, towards the end of 1965, more than 80 world records in speed skating have been broken here, and until the advent of indoor speed skating arenas, it was known as the fastest European speed skating rink, second in the world after the Medeu rink.

The stadium is also used for ice hockey, ice speedway, and (in the summer months) roller skating.