hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kamakhya Prasad Tripathy
Kamakhya Prasad Tripathy (d. 1978) was an Indian politician, educator and independence activist. He was a member of 1st Lok Sabha from Darrang Lok Sabha constituency, Finance Minister of Assam under Chief Ministers Bimala Prasad Chaliha,Mahendra Mohan Choudhry and 3 times former member of Assam Legislative Assembly from Biswanath Assembly constituency. He was also the founding Principal of Darrang College.

1st Lok Sabha
The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. The First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.

Total Lok Sabha seats were 489 and total eligible voters were 17.3 crores. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 364 seats. They were followed by Independents, winning a total of 37 seats. The Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Socialist Party (India) followed with 16 and 12 seats respectively. Indian National Congress got 45% of the total votes in this election and won 76% of the 479 contested seats.
Oberwesel
Oberwesel (German pronunciation: [oːbɐˈveːzl̩] ⓘ) is a town on the Middle Rhine in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Hunsrück-Mittelrhein, whose seat is in Emmelshausen.

Koblenz
Koblenz (UK: /koʊˈblɛnts/ koh-BLENTS, US: /ˈkoʊblɛnts/ KOH-blents, German: [ˈkoːblɛnts] ⓘ; Moselle Franconian: Kowelenz) is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the banks of the rivers Rhine (Middle Rhine) and Moselle, a multinational tributary.

Koblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus c. 8 BC. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) cōnfluentēs, meaning "(at the) confluence". The actual confluence is today known as the "German Corner", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1992.

The city ranks as the third-largest city by population in Rhineland-Palatinate, behind Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, with 115,298 residents (as of 2023). Koblenz lies in a narrow flood plain between high hill ranges, some reaching mountainous height, and is served by an express rail and autobahn network. It is part of the populous Rhineland.
Democracy in Venezuela
Democracy in Venezuela,  characterized by  direct elections, prevailed until the 1990s. From 1958, Venezuela was considered  a relatively stable democracy compared to other countries in Latin America, which were governed by military dictatorship.  By 1977, Venezuela was only one of three democracies in Latin America, along with Colombia and Costa Rica.  In 2008, it was ranked the least democratic nation in South America in The Economist Democracy Index, and by 2022 it ranked 147th out of 167 countries, with a rating of an authoritarian regime.

José María Vargas
José María Vargas Ponce (10 March 1786, in La Guaira – 13 April 1854, in New York City) was the president of Venezuela from 1835 to 1836. He was elected in the 1834 Venezuelan presidential election, the first free and fair elections in South America. He defeated the candidate supported by incumbent president. Vargas was Venezuela's first civilian president.

He was overthrown in 1835, returned to office, and resigned in 1836 amid pressure.

He graduated with a degree in philosophy from the Seminario Tridentino, and obtained in 1809 his medical degree from the Real y Pontificia Universidad de Caracas. Vargas was imprisoned in 1813 for revolutionary activities. Upon his release in 1813, he travelled to United Kingdom for medical training. Vargas performed cataract surgery. He was one of the earliest oculists (eye surgeons) in Puerto Rico after his arrival there in 1817. He returned to Venezuela to practice medicine and surgery in 1825.
RMS Quetta
RMS Quetta was an iron-hulled 3-masted steamship that was built in Scotland in 1881 and wrecked with great loss of life in the Torres Strait in 1890. She was operated by British India Associated Steamers (BIAS), which was controlled by the British India Steam Navigation Company (BISN). She was wrecked on a previously unknown rock, which has been called Quetta Rock ever since. The Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018 protects the wreck.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
El Comienzo
El Comienzo (English: The Beginning) is the debut studio album by American regional Mexican music band Grupo Frontera. It was released on August 3, 2023 through VHR Music.

In 2024, the album won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Norteño Album, while its single, "El Amor de Su Vida" won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Regional Mexican Song.

Grupo Firme
Grupo Firme is a regional Mexican band based in Tijuana, Baja California, that specializes in Sinaloan music. Formed in 2014, they have received nominations for a variety of awards that include Latin Grammy, Premios Juventud and Premio Lo Nuestro, being the winner in 2021 of the latter in five categories.
Stan Dromisky
Stanley Peter Dromisky (25 June 1931 – 8 September 2023) was a Canadian politician who was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 2004. By career, he was a professor and a director of the Thunder Bay Art Gallery.

Born in Fort William, Ontario, Dromisky first attempted to enter Parliament for the Thunder Bay—Atikokan electoral district during the 1988 federal election but lost to incumbent NDP candidate Iain Angus. He defeated Angus in the riding in the 1993 election and was re-elected in 1997 and 2000. Dromisky served in the 35th, 36th, and 37th Canadian Parliaments.

Dromisky retired from politics in 2004. He died on 8 September 2023, at the age of 92.

37th Canadian Parliament
The 37th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 29, 2001, until May 23, 2004.  The membership was set by the 2000 federal election on November 27, 2000, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 2004 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led first by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and the 26th Canadian Ministry, and then by Prime Minister Paul Martin and the 27th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was formed by first the Canadian Alliance, led by Stockwell Day and then by Stephen Harper, and then by its successor party, the Conservative Party, also led by Harper.

The Speaker was Peter Milliken.  See also list of Canadian electoral districts 1996-2003 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were three sessions of the 37th Parliament:
Frigidaire (magazine)
Frigidaire was a comics magazine published in Rome, Italy. The magazine had significant effects on graphic design, illustrations and written speech in the country during the 1980s. In 2008 it folded, and in 2009 it became a supplement of Liberazione, a now defunct communist newspaper.

Comics anthology
A comics anthology collects works in the medium of comics, typically from multiple series, and compiles them into an anthology or magazine. The comics in these anthologies range from comic strips that are too short for standalone publication to comic book chapters that might later be compiled into collected comic book volumes (such as manga tankobon and comic albums).
Piper marginatum
Piper marginatum, the cake bush, Anesi wiwiri, marigold pepper, Ti Bombé in Creole or Hinojo, is a plant species in the genus Piper found in moist, shady spots in the Amazon rainforest in Surinam, French Guiana and Brazil.

The leaves contain flavonoids such as vitexin and marginatoside (6 -O-β gentiobiosyl vitexin). The plant also contains 3,4-Methylenedioxypropiophenone, 2,4,5-Trimethoxypropiophenone, 2-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone, 1-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (Marginatumol), 5,4′-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone and 5,7-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavanone.

An essential oil can be produced from the plant showing deterrent and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti
Aedes aegypti (/ˈiːdiːz eɪˈdʒɪpti/; US: /eɪdz -, ˈeɪdiːz -/; from Ancient Greek  αηδής (aēdḗs) 'unpleasant' and Latin  aegyptī 'Egyptian') – sometimes called the Egyptian mosquito, dengue mosquito, or yellow fever mosquito – is a mosquito that spreads diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, and chikungunya. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. The mosquito is native to north Africa, but is now a common invasive species that has spread to tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions throughout the world.
Bishop of St Davids
The Bishop of St Davids is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of St Davids.

The succession of bishops stretches back to Saint David who in the 6th century established his seat in what is today the city of St Davids in Pembrokeshire, founding St Davids Cathedral. The most recent former bishop of St Davids was Joanna Penberthy, who retired on 31 July 2023. On 17 October 2023, Dorrien Davies, Archdeacon of Carmarthen, was elected to become the next Bishop; the confirmation of his election (where he legally became Bishop) happened on 29 November 2023 and his episcopal consecration took place on 27 January 2024 at Bangor Cathedral.

Bangor Cathedral
Bangor Cathedral (Welsh: Eglwys Gadeiriol Bangor) is the cathedral church of Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. It is dedicated to its founder, Saint Deiniol.

The site of the present building of Bangor Cathedral has been in use as a place of Christian worship since the sixth century. The cathedral was built on a low-lying and inconspicuous site, possibly so as not to attract the attention of Viking raiders from the sea in ancient times.
Pastoral Symphony (Vaughan Williams)
Ralph Vaughan Williams's third symphony, published as A Pastoral Symphony and not formally numbered until later, was completed in 1922. Vaughan Williams's inspiration to write this symphony came during his military service during the First World War after hearing a bugler practising: this ultimately led to the trumpet cadenza in the second movement.

The work has gained the reputation of being a subtly beautiful elegy for the dead of the World War and a meditation on the sounds of peace. Like many of the composer's works, the Pastoral Symphony is not programmatic, but its spirit is evocative. In the last of the four movements a wordless voice (usually soprano, but the score allows for a tenor alternative) joins the orchestral forces.

Cor anglais
The cor anglais (UK: /ˌkɔːr ˈɒŋɡleɪ/, US: /- ɑːŋˈɡleɪ/ or original French: [kɔʁ ɑ̃ɡlɛ]; plural: cors anglais), or English horn (mainly North America), is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe, making it essentially an alto oboe in F.

The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe, and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required.  The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B♭ key found on most oboes, and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B♮) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C. Some versions have a Low B♭ key to extend the range down one more note to sounding E♭3.
Pir, Satu Mare
Pir (Hungarian: Szilágypér, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsilaːɟpeːr]) is a commune situated in Satu Mare County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Pir, Piru Nou (Kispér), and Sărvăzel (Peleszarvad).

Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.
Coralia Cartis
Coralia Cartis is a Romanian mathematician at the University of Oxford whose research interests include compressed sensing, numerical analysis, and regularisation methods in mathematical optimization. At Oxford, she is a Professor in Numerical Optimization in the Mathematical Institute, and a tutorial fellow of Balliol College.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Green Lake (Hawaii)
Green Lake (Hawaiian: Ka Wai o Pele) was a freshwater crater lake in Puʻu Kapoho crater on the island of Hawaiʻi. With a surface area of 0.8 hectares (2.0 acres) and a maximum depth of 61 metres (200 ft), it was the largest natural freshwater lake in the Hawaiian Islands, and, along with Lake Waiau, was one of two freshwater lakes on Hawaiʻi Island.

Hawaiian myths state that the lake was the first place visited by Pele, the volcano deity. The lake was a popular swimming spot for locals and tourists. Extensive vegetation, mainly Hibiscus tiliaceus, overhung the lake, shading about twenty percent of the lake's surface.

On June 2, 2018, the lake was destroyed when lava flowing from Kīlauea's lower Puna eruption boiled it away, completely filling the basin. The eruption dissolved the island's largest body of freshwater in only five hours.

Ka Wai o Pele

Aerial photograph of lava flows evaporating Green Lake on June 2, 2018

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus, commonly known as the sea hibiscus or coast cottonwood, is an evergreen species of flowering tree in the mallow family, Malvaceae, with a pantropical distribution along coastlines. It has also been introduced to Florida and New Zealand. It has been debated whether this species is native or introduced to Hawaii.
Adolphus Freeland
Sir Adolphus Freeland was an Antigua Labour Party politician and Leeward Islands cricketer, who served as Member of Parliament for St. George from 1976 to 1999. He was born in 1934, and died on 18 January 2014 after a brief illness. Freeland additionally held various portfolios in the Vere Bird administration.

1976 Antiguan general election
General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 18 February 1976. Whilst the Progressive Labour Movement received the most votes, the opposition Antigua Labour Party won more than double the number of seats. ALP leader Vere Bird was elected Premier of Antigua. Bird had previously served as head of government of Antigua and Barbuda between 1960 and 1971. He defeated the incumbent Premier George Walter of the Progressive Labour Movement.

The elections marked the second change of government in the history of Antigua and Barbuda. Voter turnout was 95%.
Museo del Aire (Cuba)
The Museo del Aire was a national aviation museum located in the south-western suburbs of Havana, Cuba. In August 2010, the museum was closed, and the entire collection was moved to San Antonio de los Baños Air Base.

San Antonio de los Baños Airfield
San Antonio de los Baños Airfield (ICAO: MUSA) is a military air base located near San Antonio de los Baños, a municipality in the province of Havana (La Habana) in Cuba. It is located approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) southwest of the city of San Antonio de los Baños, about 30 mi (48 km) southwest of Havana.
Tomba (given name)
Tomba (ꯇꯣꯝꯕ, Eastern Nagari script: তোম্ব) is a Meitei ethnic male given name, meaning "little, small, tiny" or "young". 
Notable people with this given name are:

Ayekpam Tomba Meetei, Indian social worker

Haobam Tomba Singh (born 2003), Indian footballer

Kangabam Tomba (born 1946), Indian actor

Wangkheirakpam Tomba Singh (born 1982), Indian footballer

Tomba Singh Wangkheirakpam
Tomba Singh Wangkheirakpam (Meitei: Wangkheirakpam Tomba Singh, born 3 April 1982) is an Indian former footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current assistant coach of the I-League club NEROCA.
Cristina Fraire
Cristina Fraire (born 1949 Buenos Aires) is an Argentine photographer. She studied at the Universidad de Buenos Aires and ]the Sociedad Argentina de Artistas Plásticos (Argentine Association of Plastic Artists, SAAP). In 1997 she was a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship for photography.

Her work is held in the collections of the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires, Light Work, Syracuse, New York, and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston. She won the Konex Award from Argentina in 2022.

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 5,000 years of history with nearly 80,000 works from six continents. By gallery space, it is the second-largest art museum in the Americas. Following an eight-year campus redevelopment project in the 21st century, the Nancy and Rich Kinder Building opened in 2020.  In 2023, the museum received over 900,000 visitors, making it the 20th most-visited museum in the United States.
Ellie Drennan
Eloise Suzanne Drennan (born 28 October 1998) is an Australian pop singer-songwriter. She is the youngest winner of The Voice Australia, competing as a member of Team Jessie at the age of 16, in July–August 2015. She gained a large following from her YouTube covers.

Drennan listed her inspirations as Adele, Matt Corby, Katy Perry and Angus & Julia Stone. Her debut album Close Your Eyes was released on 11 September 2015 via Universal Music Australia, which reached No. 14 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Her winning track, "Ghost", became her debut single, which reached No. 25 on the ARIA Singles Chart. She followed this with "Hard Love", which peaked in the top 50. In 2019, Drennan returned to the music scene with her first independent release, a single titled "Taxi" released digitally.

Universal Music Australia
Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd. (UMA) is the largest Australian music corporation. It is a division of the Universal Music Group. Universal Music Australia's corporate headquarters are located in Sydney, Australia.
Monica Boggioni
Monica Boggioni (born 5 August 1998) is an Italian Paralympic swimmer who competes in international level events. She competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, winning bronze medals in the 100 metre freestyle S5, and 200 metre freestyle S5.

Para swimming
Para swimming is an adaptation of the sport of swimming for athletes with disabilities. Para swimmers compete at the Summer Paralympic Games and at other sports competitions throughout the world. The sport is governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). Both men and women compete in para swimming, racing against competitors of their own gender.
Colin Rice
Colin Walter Rice (born 16 July 1938) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Rice made his debut for Geelong in 1957 and was capable of playing in both the back pocket and as a rover. He won the Carji Greeves Medal for Geelong's best and fairest player in 1959 and captained the club for part of 1960. Rice became a premiership player with his last game in the league, the 1963 grand final.

The following season he moved to Glenelg in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and was their Club Champion in his debut season.

He later played with the South Bendigo Football Club and won a Michelsen Medal in 1968 and was captain-coach of their 1969 Bendigo Football League premiership team.

Bendigo Football Netball League
The Bendigo Football Netball League (previously known as the Bendigo and District Football Association, Bendigo Football Association and Bendigo Football League) is an Australian rules football and netball competition based in the Bendigo region of Victoria.
Beersel Hills Observatory
Beersel Hills Observatory is a private amateur astronomical observatory. Founded in April 1998, it is located near Beersel, Belgium. It is owned by Paul Van Cauteren and Patricia Lampens. It is primarily dedicated to the study of variable stars and visual double stars, including Delta Scuti, eclipsing binaries, and visual double stars.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Etsako Central
Etsako Central is one of the 18 Local Government Areas of Edo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Fugar. It is represented in the Edo state house of assembly by Hon. Ahmed Waziri Oshomah of the APC

Notable towns in Etsako Central include Fugar, Ogbona, Iraokhor, Anegbete, and Ekperi.

It has an area of 659.7 km2 and a population of 94,229 in the 2006 census. The common language of the people in the Etsako central local area is the Afemai language while Islam and Christianity are the religion practiced by majority of the people. The local government area is located in the northern part of Edo State.

The postal code of the area is 312.

Postal code
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

As of August 2021, the Universal Postal Union lists 160 countries which require the use of a postal code.

Although postal codes are usually assigned to geographical areas, special codes are sometimes assigned to individual addresses or to institutions that receive large volumes of mail, such as government agencies and large commercial companies. One example is the French CEDEX system.