hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eigil Gullvåg
Eigil Gullvåg (27 February 1921 – 1991) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Trondheim. He was hired as a journalist in Arbeider-Avisa in 1945, and was editor-in-chief from 1958 to 1983. When stepping down as editor-in-chief, he was decorated with the HM The King's Medal of Merit. He continued working in the newspaper until reaching the retirement age. He was also a member of the board of the Norwegian Press Association and Association of Norwegian Editors.

Gullvåg was also active in the Norwegian Labour Party. He was a member of its national board from 1961 to 1969, and represented the party in Trondheim city council for five terms; from 1970 to 1971 he served as deputy mayor, and from 1964 to 1980 he was a member of the city council executive committee. From 1976 to 1983 he was also a member of Sør-Trøndelag county council. At the time of his death in November 1991, he had recently been re-elected for a sixth term.

King's Medal of Merit
The King's Medal of Merit (Norwegian: Kongens fortjenstmedalje) is a Norwegian award. It was instituted in 1908 to reward meritorious achievements in the fields of art, science, business, and public service. It is divided in two classes: gold and silver. The medal in gold is rewarded for extraordinary achievements of importance to the nation and society while the medal in silver may be awarded for lesser achievements. It is suspended from a ribbon in the colours of the Royal Standard of Norway.

The medal in gold is ranked eighth in the ranking of Norwegian orders and medals. The medal in silver is ranked 11th.
Base change
In mathematics, base change may mean:

Base change map in algebraic geometry

Fiber product of schemes in algebraic geometry

Change of base (disambiguation) in linear algebra or numeral systems

Base change lifting of automorphic forms

Fiber product of schemes
In mathematics, specifically in algebraic geometry, the fiber product of schemes is a fundamental construction. It has many interpretations and special cases. For example, the fiber product describes how an algebraic variety over one field determines a variety over a bigger field, or the pullback of a family of varieties, or a fiber of a family of varieties. Base change is a closely related notion.
Alexander George Dickson
Alexander George Dickson (1834 – 4 July 1889) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons for Dover.

Dickson was born at Belchester, a stately home in Berwickshire, Scotland in 1834. He joined the 13th Light Dragoons in 1853 and reached the rank of Major. In 1863 he became Captain in the Royal East Kent Regiment of Mounted Rifles Yeomanry Cavalry. He stood for parliament at Dover in 1865 and retained the seat until his death in 1889.

He married as her second husband Charlotte Maria Eden, widow of Dudley North, Lord North, son of Francis North, 6th Earl of Guilford.

Earl of Guilford
Earl of Guilford is a title that has been created three times in history. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1660 (as Countess of Guilford) for Elizabeth Boyle. She was a daughter of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, and the widow of Lewis Boyle, 1st Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky. The title was for life only and became extinct on her death in 1667. The title was created for a second time in the Peerage of England in 1674 for John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale. For more information on this creation, see the article on him as well as the Earl of Lauderdale.
Galloon
Galloon (sometimes spelled galon in British English) is a heavily-decorated woven or braided trim, typically made of, or featuring, gold or silver thread, which may be woven or embroidered. Galloon trim is used in the trim of military and police uniforms, ecclesiastical dress, and as trim on textiles, drapery, and upholstery. Galloon trim may also come in the form of lace, and is typically wide.

In formal evening wear, a non-military usage, this decoration has evolved into satin stripes that conceal the outer seam of men's dress trousers.

The distinction between galloon trim or braid, ribbon, and belting has not always been clear, and a great deal of overlap has occasionally caused problems in classification.

Lace
Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand. Generally, handmade lace is split into two main categories, needle lace and bobbin lace,: 122  although there are other types of lace, such as knitted or crocheted lace. Other laces such as these are considered as a category of their specific craft. Knitted lace, therefore, is an example of knitting.  This article considers both needle lace and bobbin lace.

While some experts say both needle lace and bobbin lace began in Italy in the late 1500s,: 122  : 12  there are some questions regarding its origins.

Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with cotton thread, although linen and silk threads are still available. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber. A few modern artists make lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread.
Zeltim Odie Peterson
Zeltim Odie Peterson (July 9, 1997 - January 31, 2008), better known just as Odie, was a purebred pedigreed pug, who received international media attention for his unusual talent. Odie, with the encouragement of his owner Erica Volkman, appeared to speak the words "I love you". AOL Television declared Odie's 2005 appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman as "the most memorable moment of the year".

Odie and his owner auditioned for the popular "Stupid Pet Tricks" segment of The Late Show with David Letterman on August 6, 2004. They appeared on the show in November 2004, and instantly garnered national media attention in the United States. In 2004, AOL Television proclaimed Odie's Late Show appearance as one of "TV's Top 5", and then ultimately awarded it the honor of "moment of the year".

Odie suffered from an enlarged heart. He died on January 31, 2008.

Pug
The Pug is a breed of dog with the physically distinctive features of a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail. Pugs have a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colors, most often fawn (light brown) or black, and a compact, square body with well developed and thick muscles all over the body.

Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for Pugs which she passed on to other members of the royal family.

Pugs are known for being sociable and gentle companion dogs. The American Kennel Club describes the breed's personality as "even-tempered and charming". Pugs remain popular into the twenty-first century, with some famous celebrity owners. The dogs are susceptible to various health problems due to their bred traits.
Albert Mobilio
Albert Mobilio is an American poet and critic. He teaches at Eugene Lang College, the liberal arts college of The New School university. His work appears in Bomb, Salon, Postmodern Culture, Harper's.
He is an editor of Hyperallergic and is a former editor of Bookforum.

Bomb (magazine)
Bomb (stylized in all caps as BOMB) is an American arts magazine edited by artists and writers, published quarterly in print and daily online. It is composed primarily of interviews between creative people working in a variety of disciplines—visual art, literature, film, music, theater, architecture, and dance. In addition to interviews, Bomb publishes reviews of literature, film, and music, as well as new poetry and fiction. Bomb is published by New Art Publications, Inc., a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
Emily Segal
Emily Segal is an American artist, writer, and creative director, born in 1988. She is a founding member of the art collective K-HOLE, a trend forecasting group. She has lectured on branding and consumer culture at the DLD conference, MoMA PS1, the Serpentine Gallery, and TEDxVaduz and writing has been featured in e-flux, Frieze, Texte zur Kunst, Flash Art, Dazed, Mousse, and 032c. Her first novel, Mercury Retrograde, was published in 2020.

Frieze Art Fair
Frieze Art Fair is an annual contemporary art fair first held in 2003 in London's Regent's Park. Developed by the founders of the contemporary art magazine Frieze, the fair has since expanded to include editions in four cities, in addition to acquiring several other art fairs.

Following the original Frieze Art Fair (also referred to as Frieze London), the fair added Frieze Masters (2012), also in London, dedicated to art made before the year 2000; Frieze New York (2012); Frieze Los Angeles (2019); and Frieze Seoul (2022). In 2023, Frieze acquired The Armory Show in New York, and EXPO Chicago.

In 2016, American holding company Endeavor acquired a majority stake in Frieze. In 2025, the co-founder of Endeavor, Ari Emanuel, is set to buy Frieze in a deal valued at $200 million.
2018 Advantage Cars Prague Open – Men's doubles
The men's doubles of the 2018 Advantage Cars Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Jan Šátral and Tristan-Samuel Weissborn were the defending champions but only Šátral chose to defend his title, partnering Jan Mertl. Šátral lost in the quarterfinals to Fernando Romboli and David Vega Hernández.

Sander Gillé and Joran Vliegen won the title after defeating Romboli and Vega Hernández 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

Jan Mertl
Jan Mertl (born 3 January 1982) is a Czech former tennis player who competed mainly on the ITF Futures Tour and ATP Challenger Tour. On 23 July 2007, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of 163.

Mertl made his ATP main draw debut at 2016 Swiss Open Gstaad, defeating Yann Marti to score his first ATP-level win.

Mertl is the coach of Czech WTA player Markéta Vondroušová.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III: Radical Rescue
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III: Radical Rescue is a 1993 Metroidvania video game developed and published by Konami for the Game Boy. Based on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) franchise, the player controls a ninja turtle character as they battle enemies, rescue allies, and explore a non-linear maze-like environment. The game borrows plot elements, character design, and art styles from various forms of TMNT media of the era, such as the animated television series and the various comic series.

On the game's release, some publications praised the game as one of the best games for the Game Boy, while others criticized the game's difficulty and lack of originality. Years later, it has been recognized as an early example of the Metroidvania genre, pioneering design elements popularized in Konami's later releases such as Castlevania: Symphony of the Night (1997).

Hardcore Gaming 101
Hardcore Gaming 101 is an online video game magazine founded by Kurt Kalata in 2004. Kalata established the site after graduating college, when he noticed the overabundance of game strategy guides, and felt that someone should create more books about gaming history. In its formative years, Hardcore Gaming 101 focused especially on games from Japan. The site has become known for its in-depth coverage of classic games and the history behind them.

Kalata describes his motivations for founding the site, "gaming history is important to me because it's important to analyze how everything is connected to each other. ... New products are always influenced by things that came before it, so it's interesting to trace where certain elements may have come from and to recognize the talents of the trailblazers."
Raynal
Raynal is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Aline Marie Raynal (born 1937), French botanist and botanical illustrator

David Raynal (1840–1903), French politician

Emmanuel-Alain Raynal (born 1981), French animation producer

Étienne Weill-Raynal (1887–1982), French historian, resistant, journalist and Socialist politician

François Édouard Raynal (1830–1898), French sailor

Frédérick Raynal (born 1966), French video game designer and programmer

Guillaume Thomas François Raynal (1713–1796), French writer

Jacques Raynal, French Polynesian politician

Jean Raynal (1929–2015), French sports journalist

Mathieu Raynal, French rugby union referee

Maurice Raynal (1884–1954), French art critic

Michel Raynal (born 1949), French computer scientist

Paul Raynal (1885–1971), French playwright

Sylvain Eugène Raynal (1867–1939), French military officer

David Raynal
David Raynal (26 July 1840 – 28 January 1903) was a French politician of the French Third Republic. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of France (1879–1897) and Senate of France (1897–1903). He was twice minister of public works (14 January 1881 – 30 January 1882; 21 February 1883 – 6 April 1885) in the governments of Léon Gambetta and Jules Ferry. He was minister of the interior (3 December 1893 – 30 May 1894) in the government of Jean Casimir-Perier.

He was of Portuguese-Jewish descent through his mother Esther-Sophie, member of the Rodrigues-Henriques Family.
La Gloria, Starr County, Texas
La Gloria is an unincorporated community in Starr County, Texas, United States. It is situated at the junction of Farm Roads 755 and 1017 in northeastern Starr County, approximately four miles northeast of San Isidro. This area is mainly made up of ranches that were given as Spanish and Mexican land grants in the 18th and 19th centuries, where some of those original land grant families still remain. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 102 in 2000.

San Isidro, Texas
San Isidro is a census-designated place (CDP) in Starr County, Texas, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census. The town is named for St. Isidore the Laborer, the patron saint of farmers. A large Southwestern Barrel Cactus growing just east of town is said to be the largest in Texas.
No Shame (film)
No Shame (Spanish: Sin vergüenza) is a 2001 Spanish comedy-drama film directed by Joaquín Oristrell from a screenplay by Oristrell, Teresa de Pelegrí, Dominic Harari, and Cristina Rota. Its cast features Verónica Forqué, Daniel Giménez Cacho, Candela Peña, Carmen Balagué, Jorge Sanz, and Rosa María Sardá. The films received two Goya Award nominations, winning Best Supporting Actress (Sardà).

Candela Peña
María del Pilar Peña Sánchez (born 14 July 1973), professionally known as Candela Peña, is a Spanish actress. Since her film debut in the 1994 thriller Running Out of Time, she has had a lengthy film career.  She won the Goya Award for Best Actress for her performance in Princesses (2005) whereas she won the Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress for Take My Eyes (2003) and A Gun in Each Hand (2012).
40th Separate Guards Naval Infantry Brigade
The 40th Separate Guards Krasnodarsko-Kharbinsky Twice Red Banner Naval Infantry Brigade is a brigade of the Russian Marines. It is based in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy in the Russian Far East and has the Military Unit Number (в/ч) 10103. It is part of the North-East Group of Troops and Forces, a joint command directed by the headquarters of the Navy's Kamchatka Flotilla.

Military Unit Number
A Military Unit Number (Russian: войсковая часть, в/ ч; Ukrainian: військова частина, в/ ч) is a unique numeric code assigned to military units of the Soviet Union and some Post-Soviet states. It is usually a four or five digit code for the purpose of identifying units of the armed forces and internal troops.

Military Unit Numbers for ground forces are assigned for a specific military unit (corps, division, brigade, etc.) while for the navy it is assigned to an individual ship. The number is also used for the unit's military mail and other logistics.
John Rawnsley
John Rawnsley (born 14 December 1950) is an English actor and opera singer. He is a baritone and has sung in the San Diego Opera. He sang the title role of Figaro in the 1981 film adaptation of Rossini's The Barber of Seville, and also the title role of Verdi's Rigoletto in Jonathan Miller's famous  'Mafia' production at the English National Opera. Opera critics have offered positive reviews of his performances in Verdi's "Rigoletto". Anthony Tommasini of the New York Times has praised Rawnsley's performance in Rigoletto as "affecting".

He appeared as Nigel in the 2012 film Quartet.

Rawnsley married actress and singer Nuala Willis in 1979.

San Diego Opera
The San Diego Opera (SDO) is a professional opera company based in San Diego, California. The opera performs at the San Diego Civic Theatre. The San Diego Symphony serves as the orchestra for the opera.
MBS Media Holdings
34°42′30.32″N 135°29′59.54″E﻿ / ﻿34.7084222°N 135.4998722°E﻿ / 34.7084222; 135.4998722﻿ (MBS Media Holdings, Inc.)

MBS Media Holdings, Inc. (株式会社MBSメディアホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha MBS mediahōrudingusu; MBS Media Holdings Stock-Company), or MBS, is a radio and television broadcasting media holding company headquartered in Osaka, Japan.

It is a parent company of a television station named MBS TV (MBSテレビ) and a radio station named MBS Radio (MBSラジオ).

In 2017, MBS restructured as a holding company, splitting the broadcasting division into a separate company until 2021, when MBS Radio was formed to take over MBS' radio business.

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
Surikov (crater)
Surikov is a crater on the planet Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Surikov is named for the Russian painter Vasily Surikov.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Surkiov is an ancient crater - the outer rim is barely distinguishable, but the inner peak ring is apparent.  It is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.

To the south of Surikov is Giambologna crater.

Mariner 10
Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on 3 November 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury and the first to perform a flyby of multiple planets.

Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program. (Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were allocated to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.)

The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Worshipful Company of Curriers
The Worshipful Company of Curriers is one of the ancient livery companies of London, associated with the leather trade.

The curriers, or "curers of leather", of London formed an organisation in 1272; this merchant guild was recognised in 1415 by Ordinances of the City Common Council before its grant of a Royal Charter by King James I in 1605. The company now exists, as do most other livery companies, as an education and charitable institution, the traditional process of currying having been made more or less obsolete by technological advances. The Curriers' Company, like other livery companies, supports the work of the Lord Mayor, the City Corporation and the Sheriffs of London.

The company ranks 29th in the order of precedence of City livery companies. Its motto is Spes Nostra Deus, Latin for "Our Hope is God".

Most of the Curriers' Company archives are kept at the Guildhall Library for public view.

Sir
Sir is a formal honourific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "Monsieur" lit. 'my lord'.

Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are knights and belong to certain orders of chivalry, as well as later applied to baronets and other offices.

As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the suo jure female equivalent term is typically Dame. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as Lady, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist.

Additionally, since the late modern period, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior social status or military rank. Equivalent terms of address for women are Madam (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honourifics such as Mrs, Ms, or Miss.
Moongilpalayam
Moongilpalayam is a village in Anthiyur taluk, Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India.  It is about 40 km from Erode and 25 km from Bhavani travelling north-east on highway 175.  The village of Ennamangalam is about 1 km north.  Moongilpalayam has a population of over 200 families (1,423 in 1991 census).  Moongilpalayam is surrounded by three lakes; Ennamangalam Lake to the north, Getti Samuthiram Lake to the south, and Raasangulam Yeri to the south-east.  One of the biggest dams in India, the Mettur Dam is about 20 km distance and the Varattu Pallam Dam is 3 km distance.

11°37′54″N 77°35′39″E﻿ / ﻿11.631556°N 77.594175°E﻿ / 11.631556; 77.594175

Varattupallam Dam
11°40′32″N 77°33′29″E﻿ / ﻿11.6754665°N 77.5581358°E﻿ / 11.6754665; 77.5581358

Varattupallam Dam is an artificial dam constructed in hills 12 km (7.5 mi) from Anthiyur in the Erode District. This dam irrigates nearby areas. A mountain road from Anthiyur leads to Kollegal.  Storage capacity of this reservoir is 1.39 TMC. This is the one of place who Hits 1200 MM rain in erode district. with canals and tanks that have ayacut areas totalling about 5,500 acres water holding capacity
John R. Hauser
John Richard Hauser is the Kirin Professor of Marketing and Head of the Marketing Group at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He is one of the founders of the field of Marketing Science and was Editor-in-Chief of the academic journal Marketing Science from 1989 to 1995.

He holds S.B. and S.M. in EECS from MIT, both earned in 1973. He also earned an S.M. in Civil & Environmental Engineering from MIT, in 1973. . Advised by John D.C. Little, he received his Sc.D. from MIT after publishing his dissertation in operations research in 1975.

He was elected to the 2006 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management (branded as MIT Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

MIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, as well as executive education. Many influential ideas in management and finance originated at the school, including the Black–Scholes model, the random walk hypothesis, the binomial options pricing model, and the field of system dynamics. The faculty has included numerous Nobel laureates in economics and John Bates Clark Medal winners.