hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
The Oak Ridges Moraine is a geological landform that runs east-west across south central Ontario, Canada. It developed about 12,000 years ago, during the Wisconsin glaciation in North America. A complex ridge of sedimentary material, the moraine is known to have partially developed under water. The Niagara Escarpment played a key role in forming the moraine in that it acted as a dam for glacial meltwater trapped between it and two ice lobes.

In order to understand the process by which the moraine formed, it is necessary to understand the physical geography in which it currently exists (that is, its physiography), and the layers of sediments found within it (the stratigraphy of the moraine).

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
FC Ihroservice Simferopol
FC Ihroservice Simferopol (Ukrainian: ФК ІгроСервіс, Crimean Tatar: FK İgroServis) was a Ukrainian football team based in Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine. Uniform colours were white shirts and blue shorts.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is one of the three screenwriting Writers Guild of America Awards, focused specifically for film. The Writers Guild of America began making the distinction between an original screenplay and an adapted screenplay in 1970, when Waldo Salt, screenwriter for Midnight Cowboy, won for "Best Adapted Drama" and Arnold Schulman won "Best Adapted Comedy" for his screenplay of Goodbye, Columbus. Separate awards for dramas and comedies continued until 1984.

Jim Taylor (writer)
James Taylor (born 1962) is an American producer and screenwriter who has often collaborated on projects with Alexander Payne. The two are business partners in the Santa Monica based Ad Hominem Enterprises, and are credited as co-writers of six films released between 1996 and 2007: Citizen Ruth (1996),
Election (1999),
Jurassic Park III (2001, with Peter Buchman),
About Schmidt (2002),
Sideways (2004), and
I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry (2007, with Barry Fanaro and Lew Gallo). Taylor's credits as a producer include films such as Cedar Rapids and The Descendants.
Taumalolo
Taumalolo is a Tongan surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jason Taumalolo (born 1993), New Zealand rugby league player

Josh Taumalolo (born 1976) rugby union player

Sona Taumalolo (born 1981) New Zealand rugby union player

Josh Taumalolo
Siua Taumalolo (born 8 July 1976 in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga) is a f former rugby union player. His former teams include Bristol in the Guinness Premiership.

Commonly referred to as Josh, he spent several years in Welsh rugby, playing for Ebbw Vale RFC before joining Bridgend RFC in 2000.  He was a member of the Bridgend team which won the final Welsh Premier Division before the restructuring of Welsh rugby in 2003.

After this restructuring, Taumololo played for Harlequins for a year, and following their relegation, moved to Sale Sharks before returning to play in the now semi-professional Welsh Premier Division with Neath RFC.

He signed for Bristol from Neath in the Summer of 2006 on a one-year contract but was renewed after assured performances.

He is a Tongan international and has also toured with the Pacific Islanders rugby union team in 2006–2007.

He has signed a contract with FC Grenoble in the French Pro D2 for the 2008–2009 season.
Ecsenius lubbocki
Ecsenius lubbocki, the Lubbock's combtooth-blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in coral reefs in Phuket, Thailand, in the eastern Indian Ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 4 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds. The specific name honours the English marine biologist Hugh Roger Lubbock (1951–1981), the collector  of the type specimens, he recognised that they were a new species of Ecsenius.

Zoological specimen
A zoological specimen is an animal or part of an animal preserved for scientific use.
Various uses are: to verify the identity of a (species), to allow study, increase public knowledge of zoology.
Zoological specimens are extremely diverse. Examples are bird and mammal study skins, mounted specimens, skeletal material, casts, pinned insects, dried material, animals preserved in liquid preservatives, and microscope slides.
Natural history museums are repositories of zoological specimens
Martin Scott (cricketer)
Martin Scott (born 6 November 1943) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Wiltshire. He was born in Corsham.

Having represented the team in the Minor Counties Championship since 1966, Scott made a single List A appearance for the team, during the 1972 season, against Hampshire. From the upper-middle order, he scored a duck.

Wiltshire County Cricket Club
Wiltshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. Founded in 1893, it represents the historic county of Wiltshire.

The team is a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Wiltshire played List A matches occasionally from 1964 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is a member of Wiltshire Cricket Limited, the governing body for cricket in the county.
Mysore Paints and Varnish
Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited, formerly Mysore Lac and Paints Limited, is a company located in the southern Indian city of Mysore, Karnataka. It is the only company in India authorised to produce indelible ink, which is used in elections to prevent people from voting multiple times. The company is currently owned and operated by the Government of Karnataka.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Connemara Market
Connemara market is situated at Palayam junction in Thiruvananthapuram city, in the state of Kerala, India. The recently renovated Market has merged with the Saphalyam Complex adjacent to it. The Palayam Market was established during 1857, when Sri Uthradom Thirunal was the Maharja of Travancore mainly to supply day to day essential commodities to the Army.

The Arched Gate of the Market was built subsequently and was inaugurated by Sir Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara, Governor of Madras Presidency, when he visited Thiruvananthapuram during 1888. In his honour, the market was then named as "Connemara Market".

Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara
Robert Bourke, 1st Baron Connemara, (English: /bɜːrk/; BURK; /kɒnɛmɑːræ/; CONEH-mar-a; 11 June 1827 – 3 September 1902) was an Anglo-Irish Conservative politician and colonial administrator who served as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1874–80, 1885–86), Governor of Madras (1886–90) and District Grand Master of District Grand Lodge of Madras (1888-1890).
Pemboy Ridge
The Pemboy Ridge, also Pemboy Upland or Paemboy (Russian: Пембой, Паэмбой) is a small ridge in Komi Republic, Russia in the northern part of Polar Urals to the west of the Ochenyrd ridge. It is a narrow slightly curved upland stretching for about 7 km from southwest to northeast and consisting of eight smaller ridges separated by ravines. The fifth one (from the southwest) is the highest and contains Mount Pemboy of height 420.8m. On March 29, 1984 Mount Pemboy was declared geological natural monument of Komi Republic of zakaznik type.

It is located beyond the Arctic Circle on the watershed of rivers  Silovayakha and Khalmer'yu,  15km northwest of the ghost town Khalmer-Yu. On top of Mount Pemboy there are an observation tower and a helicopter pad. It is one of popular tourist attractions in Russian Arctic.

Zakaznik
A zakaznik is a type of protected area in former Soviet republics such as Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, that meets World Conservation Union's (IUCN) category IV, or more frequently category VI criteria.

Many zakazniks have traditionally been managed as game reserves. Some protect complex ecosystems, colonies of birds, or populations of rare plants. They range in size from 0.5 ha to 6,000,000 ha. In other words, a zakaznik is a nature reserve.

Zakazniks are the areas where temporary or permanent limitations are placed upon certain on-site economic activities, such as logging, mining, grazing, hunting, etc. They correspond to sanctuary in UNESCO World Heritage terminology and literally mean preserves or reserve (from the Russian zakaz — order, reserve).
Upper Kuttanad
Upper Kuttanad is a part of  India's Kuttanad region.  It consists of parts of Kottayam, Pathanamthitta, and Alapuzha districts.

Kuttanad is broadly divided into Lower Kuttanad (Taluks of Ambalapuzha and Kuttanad in Alappuzha district), Upper Kuttanad (some parts of Kuttanad, and Karthikapally Taluks in Alappuzha district, western parts of Tiruvalla taluk in Pathanamthitta district), and North Kuttanad (Taluks of Vaikom, and western parts of Changanacherry and Kottayam taluks in Kottayam district.)

Some villages in Upper Kuttanad are Edathua, Thalavady, Muttar, Veeyapuram, Peringara, chathenkary, Nedumbram, Niranam, Kadapra, Parumala, Mannar and Pallippad

There is a demand for an Upper Kuttanad taluk (administrative subdivision) with Edathua as headquarters.

Lower Kuttanad
Lower Kuttanad comprises taluks of Ambalapuzha, Kuttanad (excluding Edathua, Thalavady and Muttar villages) and northern half of Karthikapally taluk in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India.

It is said to be the lowest elevation area in India.
Ginna (film)
Ginna is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language horror comedy film directed by Eeshaan Suryaah, and written by G. Nageswara Reddy and Kona Venkat. It was produced by Mohan Babu, AVA Entertainment and 24 Frames Factory. The film stars Vishnu Manchu, Payal Rajput, Sunny Leone, Vennela Kishore, and Raghu Babu. The music was composed by Anup Rubens.

Principal photography began in April 2022 and the title Ginna was announced in June 2022. The movie was initially scheduled for an October 5 release. However, due to post-production delays, it was released on 21 October.

Vennela Kishore
Bokkala Kishore Kumar (born 19 September 1980), known professionally as Vennela Kishore, is an Indian actor and director who works in Telugu cinema. Known for his comedic roles, he earned the moniker "Vennela" after his first feature film Vennela (2005). He is a recipient of two Nandi Awards.
Circuito Vasco Sameiro
The Circuito de Velocidade Vasco Sameiro (also known as Circuit of Braga) is a racing circuit located 6 km (3.7 mi) north of Braga, Portugal at Palmeira.

It was constructed in 1990 around the local aerodrome and is 3.021 km (1.877 mi) long. The track runs in an anticlockwise direction. The circuit is owned by the Clube Automóvel do Minho. There is a karting track adjacent to the main track.

The karting circuit was used for the Karting World Championship in 2000 and 2005, while the auto racing circuit is used mostly for Portuguese national motorsports. In October 2009 it hosted its first international motorsports event, the fifth running of the annual European Touring Car Cup.

Kart racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. NASCAR Cup driver Connor Zilisch also got his start in karting.

Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph), while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds.
Guido Boni
Guido Boni (7 February 1892 – 15 December 1956) was an Italian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Italian team, which was able to win the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, European system event in 1912. He finished fourth in the individual all-around competition.  Additionally, he competed at the 1913 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where he helped his team to the bronze medal and additionally won individual gold medals on both the rings and parallel bars apparatuses.

Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's artistic individual all-around was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held on 12 July at the Stockholm Olympic Stadium. It was the fourth appearance of the event. There were 44 competitors from 9 nations. Each nation was limited to 6 gymnasts (a marked reduction from the 20 permitted in 1908). The event was won by Alberto Braglia of Italy, the first man to successfully defend a title in the artistic individual all-around. The bronze medalist from 1908, Louis Ségura, this time took silver. Braglia and Ségura were the first two men to win multiple medals in the event. Italian Adolfo Tunesi earned bronze.

As in 1908, the individual results were not considered for any of the team competitions. As in 1900 and 1908, there were no separate apparatus events.
Cast of Thousands (The Adverts album)
Cast of Thousands is the second and final studio album by the English band the Adverts, released in 1979. It featured a noticeably different, more experimental sound than their debut effort, Crossing the Red Sea with the Adverts.

Tom Newman (musician)
Thomas Dennis Newman (born 7 May 1943) is an English record producer and musician. In 1970 he began working with Richard Branson and helped to found The Manor Studio in Oxford for the nascent Virgin Records. There he produced the recording of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells.
Lena Jedwab-Rozenberg
Lena Jedwab-Rozenberg (30 November 1924 in Białystok – 15 February 2005 in Paris) was a Polish-French Jewish writer who was evacuated to Udmurtia during World War II and wrote an extensive diary there in Yiddish language.

Udmurtia
Udmurtia, officially the Udmurt Republic, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is administratively part of the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) an autonomous region of the Udmurts, Udmurtia, within Russia on November 4, 1920.
Hermitage, Dorset
Hermitage is a small village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England. It is situated in the Blackmore Vale under the scarp of the Dorset Downs, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of the town of Sherborne. Dorset County Council's latest (2013) estimate of the parish population is 70.

Augustinian monks once had a hermitage here (also known as the Blackmoor Priory Hermitage), whence the name of the village, but they abandoned the site in the 14th or 15th century. The Lady's Well which they used still remains, on the edge of woodland a short distance from the village.

Hermitage (religious retreat)
A hermitage most authentically refers to a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, or a building or settlement where a person or a group of people live religiously, in seclusion.  Particularly as a name or part of the name of properties its meaning is often imprecise, harking to a distant period of local history, components of the building material, or recalling any former sanctuary or holy place.  Secondary churches or establishments run from a monastery were often called "hermitages".

In the 18th century, some owners of English country houses adorned their gardens with a "hermitage", sometimes a Gothic ruin, but sometimes, as at Painshill Park, a romantic hut which a "hermit" was recruited to occupy.  The so-called Ermita de San Pelayo y San Isidoro is the ruins of a Romanesque church of Ávila, Spain, that ended up several hundred miles away, to feature in the Buen Retiro Park in Madrid.
Norshahliza Baharum
Norshahliza Baharum (born 3 March 1987) is a Malaysian badminton player. Baharum was selected to join the 2004 Uber Cup squad, and the team qualified on merit to the final stage for the first time. The Bukit Jalil Sports School alumni, was the girls' singles champion at the 2004 Asean School Championships, and part of the Malaysia junior team that won the silver medal at the 2005 Asian Junior Championships in the girls' team event after being defeated by the Chinese team in the final. Baharum competed at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar. She won the women's doubles title at the 2008 Iran Fajr International tournament with Lim Yin Loo.

2005 Asian Junior Badminton Championships
The 2005 Asian Junior Badminton Championships is an Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament were held in Tennis Indoor Senayan, Gelora Bung Karno Sports Complex, Jakarta, Indonesia from 11–17 July. In the team event, South Korean boys', and the Chinese girls' team won the gold medal respectively. In the individual event, China won three gold medal in the boys' singles, girls' singles and girls' doubles event, while South Korea won two gold medal in the boys' and mixed doubles.
Philadelphia Lone Star FC
Philadelphia Lone Star Football Club is an American professional development soccer club based in Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that competes in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. Nicknamed "the Stars", the club was founded as Junior Lone Star Football Club in 2001, but changed its name to Philadelphia Lone Star F.C. in 2018.

Flag of Liberia
The flag of Liberia, occasionally referred to as the Lone Star, bears a close resemblance to the flag of the United States, representing Liberia's founding by free people of color and former slaves from the United States and the Caribbean. They are both part of the stars and stripes flag family.

The Liberian flag has similar red and white stripes, as well as a blue square with a white star in the canton. It was adopted on 24 August 1847.
SS Abner Doubleday
SS Abner Doubleday was a Liberty ship built during World War II.  The ship was named after Abner Doubleday, the brigadier general of the American Civil War. Her keel was laid down on 25 October 1942 and she launched 20 November 1942. Abner Doubleday was scrapped in 1968. The photo is of the identical ship the SS John W. Brown which is docked in Baltimore. There are only two liberty ships left,  the SS John W. Brown and the SS Jeremiah O'Brien in San Francisco.

On November 30, 1942 she was turned over to the Sword Line Inc. for operation in support of the war. On May 31, 1943 she was turned over to the Marine Transport Lines for operations. On September 30, 1946 she was placed in the National Reserve fleet in Mobile, Alabama. On February 22, 1947 she was turned over to the Alcoa Steamship Company for operations. She was scrapped at the Southern Scrap Material in Texas in 1968.

Marine Transport Line
The Marine Transport Line (MTL) of New York, New York was a commercial steamship service started to support the needs of support charter shipping for the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration during World War II by CD Mallory & Co. During wartime the Marine Transport Line operated Victory ships, and also a few other ships.

After the war it moved to operating mostly tanker ships. MTL was acquired by the General American Transportation Company in 1970, which spun it off in 1983. In 1998, it became part of the Marine Transport Corporation, which was acquired by Crowley Maritime in 2001.

MTL experienced major incidents with its converted tanker fleet, including the 1963 disappearance of the SS Marine Sulphur Queen and the 1983 sinking of the SS Marine Electric, both converted World War 2 tanker ships.
S. K. Lawton
Swaminathar Kanagaratnam Lawton (1851–1919), known professionally as S. K. Lawton, was a well known and popular Ceylonese photographer who pioneered various photographic techniques in his home country of Sri Lanka. He mainly worked and studied in his birthplace in Jaffna where he established his photographic business S.K. Lawton & Co. in 1876. Lawton wrote numerous times for the Penrose Pictorial Annual, a London-based review of graphic arts that was printed nearly annually from 1895 to 1982. He was granted a 14-year English patent for his work on preparing paper to prevent its injury during development of the photos. Lawton wrote about the use of fish glue in The Penrose Annual where he discusses how its oxidation over time causes it to gradually make the enamel of the photographic paper tender. He is also the father of Kalaiarasu Kanagaratnam Chornalingam who pioneered acting in Sri Lanka. Lawton married twice and is an ancestor of Russel Arnold, a former Sri Lankan cricket player.

Demographics of Sri Lanka
This is a demography of the population of Sri Lanka including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean, also called Ceylon and many other names. It is about the size of Ireland. It is about 28 kilometres (18 mi.) off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 22 million. Density is highest in the south west where Colombo, the country's main port and industrial center, is located. The net population growth is about 0.7%. Sri Lanka is ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse.
Bronte, Sicily
Bronte (Arbëreshë Albanian: Brontë) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, in Sicily, southern Italy. The town is situated approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) west-northwest from Mount Etna, on the side of the valley of the Simeto river, and about 32 kilometres (20 mi) west from Giarre and Sicily's eastern coast. Bronte's economy relies mostly on farming, particularly of pistachio nuts. The town was settled and historically inhabited by the Arbëreshë community.

Giarre
Giarre (Sicilian: Giarri) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily. The town is located about 275 kilometres (171 mi) southeast of Palermo and around 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Catania.