hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shire levy
A shire levy was a means of military recruitment in medieval England and Scotland. As opposed to a levy of noble families, a shire levy was effected within a geographical administrative area (a shire), entailing the mobilisation of able-bodied men between the ages of 16 and 60 for military duty under command of their sheriff.

The English shire levy was descended from the Anglo-Saxon Fyrd, and  continued under the Norman kings, notably at the Battle of the Standard (1138). The force was reorganised under the Assizes of Arms of 1181 and 1252, and again by King Edward I's Statute of Winchester of 1285.

Shire levies were especially important for England during the Hundred Years' War, when the escalation in warfare with France increased the need for soldiers: "the king was able to rely on the military support of the nobility and of the shire levies."

Traditionally, the Scottish shire levies were called out by riders galloping through towns and villages bearing the 'Fiery Cross'.

House of Normandy
The House of Normandy (Norman: Maison de Nouormandie [mɛ.zɔ̃ d̪e nɔʁ.mɛnde]) was a noble family originating from the Duchy of Normandy. The House of Normandy's lineage began with the Scandinavian Rollo who founded the Duchy of Normandy in 911.

The House of Normandy includes members who were dukes of Normandy, counts of Rouen, as well as kings of England following the Norman conquest of England. It lasted until Stephen of the French House of Blois seized the Duchy of Normandy in 1135. The house emerged from the union between the Viking Rollo (first ruler of Normandy) and Poppa of Bayeux, a West Frankish noblewoman. William the Conqueror and his heirs down through 1135 were members of this dynasty.

After that it was disputed between William's grandchildren, Matilda, whose husband Geoffrey was the founder of the House of Plantagenet, and Stephen of the House of Blois (or Blesevin dynasty).
Captain Midnight
Captain Midnight (later rebranded on television as Jet Jackson, Flying Commando) is an American adventure franchise first broadcast as a radio serial from 1938 to 1949. The character's popularity throughout the 1940s and into the mid-1950s extended to serial films (1942), a television show (1954–1956), a syndicated newspaper strip (1942 – late 1940s), and a comic book title (1942–1948).

Moonstone Books
Moonstone Books is an American comic book, graphic novel, and prose fiction publisher based in Chicago focused on pulp fiction comic books and prose anthologies as well as horror and western tales.

The company began publishing creator-owned comics in 1995, and since 2001 has also published material based on a number of licensed properties, including Zorro, Doc Savage, The Avenger, Buckaroo Banzai, Bulldog Drummond, Kolchak: The Night Stalker, Mr. Moto, Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, The Phantom, Honey West and several titles based in White Wolf's World of Darkness.
Church of Saint-Jacques, Dieppe
The Church of Saint-Jacques in Dieppe (French: Église Saint-Jacques de Dieppe) is a church located in Dieppe, France. The building was classified as a monument historique in 1840. The church is dedicated to Saint James the Great.

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Charles Day (engineer)
Charles Day (May 15, 1879 – May 10, 1931) was an American electrical, construction and consulting engineer, and co-founder of Day & Zimmermann. He is known as a specialist in public utility management and operation, and for his seminal contributions to flow charts and the routing diagram.

Engineering Magazine
Engineering Magazine was an American illustrated monthly magazine devoted to industrial progress, first published in 1891. The periodical was published under this title until October 1916. Sequentially from Nov. 1916 to 1927 it was published as Industrial Management.

Engineering Magazine was a popular journal about engineering, technology, and industry. It described the system of manufacturing which has come to be known as distinctively American. Several leading authors of the efficiency movement published the first versions of their seminal works in the Engineering Magazine.

With Frederick W. Taylor named the father of scientific management, the Engineering Magazine has been called "the mother of the entire management movement."
Goetz Klopfer
Goetz Heinrich Klopfer (born June 25, 1942, in Merseburg, Germany) was a male race walker, who represented the United States at two Summer Olympics, starting in 1968. His best finish was the 10th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He won the 20 km event at the 1971 Pan American Games.

1971 Pan American Games
The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games (Spanish: VI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Cali 1971, were held in Cali, Colombia, from 30 July to 13 August 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in 17 sports. (One source put the number of competing athletes at 4,000.)
Sri Ramayanamu
Sri Ramayanamu (Telugu: శ్రీ రామాయణము) is the magnum opus work by Katta Varadaraju in Telugu based on the Hindu epic Ramayana. This Ramayana presented to the Telugu public for the first time is a unique production of Dwipada Kavya, which belongs to Desi or indigenous literary compositions.

Kāvya
Kāvya (Devanagari: काव्य, IAST: kāvyá) was the Sanskrit literary style used by Indian court poets flourishing between c. 200 BCE and 1200 CE.

This literary style, which includes both poetry and prose, is characterised by abundant usage of figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, and hyperbole to create its characteristic emotional effects. The result is a short lyrical work, court epic, narrative or dramatic work. Kāvya can refer to the style or the completed body of literature. Aśvaghoṣa (c. 80–150 CE), a philosopher and poet considered the father of Sanskrit drama, is attributed with first using the term.
Thambemyia borealis
Thambemyia borealis (or Conchopus borealis) is a species of fly in the family Dolichopodidae. It is native to Japan, where it can be found in intertidal zones of rocky shores, and has been introduced to coastal sites near major seaports in California, Alabama, New Jersey and Peru. Adults are predators of chironomid larvae.

Dolichopodidae
Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, are a large, cosmopolitan family of true flies with more than 8,000 described species in about 250 genera. The genus Dolichopus is the most speciose, with some 600 species.

Dolichopodidae generally are small flies with large, prominent eyes and a metallic cast to their appearance, though there is considerable variation among the species.  Most have long legs, though some do not. In many species, the males have unusually large genitalia which are taxonomically useful in identifying species. Most adults are predatory on other small animals, though some may scavenge or act as kleptoparasites of spiders or other predators.
DJ Kaywise
Ayorinde Kehinde Okiki (born 4 August 1992), known professionally as DJ Kaywise is a Nigerian disc jockey and record producer. Kaywise broke into the mixtape market in Alaba in the year 2010. He has since gained prominence as a DJ in Nigeria and has released chart topping songs with many Nigerian music stars. He is known for the street slang “Joor” or “Kaywise joor joor” and has since made it a ritual concert for his fans tagged “Joor concert”

Phyno
Chibuzo Nelson Azubuike (listenⓘ; born 9 October 1986), known professionally as Phyno, is a Nigerian rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Despite being a native of Anambra State, he was born and raised in Enugu State. Phyno started his music career as a producer in 2003 and primarily raps in Igbo. His debut studio album, No Guts No Glory, was released in March 2014. It yielded the singles "Ghost Mode", "Man of the Year", "Parcel", and "O Set". Phyno's other albums include The Playmaker (2016), Deal With It (2019), Something to Live For (2021), and Full Time Job (2024).
Günter Stratmann
Günter Stratmann (8 January 1931 – 9 September 2010) was a German fencer. He competed in the individual events at the 1956 Summer Olympics for the United Team of Germany. Stratmann died on 9 September 2010, at the age of 79.

United Team of Germany at the Olympics
The United Team of Germany (German: Gesamtdeutsche Mannschaft) was a combined team of athletes from West Germany and East Germany that competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Winter and Summer Olympic Games. In 1956, the team also included athletes from a third Olympic body, the Saarland Olympic Committee, which had sent a separate team in 1952, but in 1956 was in the process of joining the German National Olympic Committee. This process was completed in February 1957 after the admission of Saarland into West Germany.
Moscow City Duma District 11
Moscow City Duma District 11 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers outer parts of North-Eastern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by Moscow City Duma Chairman and United Russia deputy Aleksey Shaposhnikov, who was redistricted from District 12.

Marfino District
Marfino District  (Russian: райо́н Марфино) is an administrative district (raion) of North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia.  It is 8 km north of Moscow city center; to the east is Moscow's Central Botanical Gardens and the Ostankino Park.  To the west is Butyrsky District.  The area of the district is 2.7 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi).  Population: 34,500 (2017 est.)
Comhdháil Náisiúnta na Gaeilge
Comhdháil Náisiúnta na Gaeilge (CNnaG) was the central steering council for a number of organisations involved in the promotion of the Irish language.  Its mission was to "strengthen and consolidate goodwill and support for the Irish language and its usage as a living language so that it may be used freely and widely in all aspects of Irish life".

Modern language
A modern language (also known as a living language) is any human language that is currently in use as a native language.

The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such as Latin and Classical Chinese, which are studied for their cultural and linguistic value. For example, the Modern Language Association tracks student enrollments in Ancient Greek versus Modern Greek, or Biblical Hebrew versus Modern Hebrew, separately.

SIL Ethnologue defines a living language as "one that has at least one speaker for whom it is their first language" (see also Language § Linguistic diversity).
Tighirt
Tighirt is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Ifni Province of the Guelmim-Oued Noun region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7879 people living in 1283 households.

Guelmim-Oued Noun
Guelmim-Oued Noun (Arabic: ڭلميم-وادي نون, romanized: gulmīm wādī nūn) is one of the twelve administrative regions of Morocco. The southeastern part of the region is located in Western Sahara, a territory that Morocco has occupied since 1975, and a small strip of land in this area is administered by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The region as a whole covers an area of 46,108 km2 and had a population of 448,152 as of the 2024 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Guelmim.
Brian Dunn (tennis)
Brian Dunn (born April 5, 1974) was the 1992 juniors US Open champion for tennis. That same year losing in the final round of the Junior Wimbledon, and Australian Open. However, he retired at a young age due to knee injuries.

The 6 feet, 7 inch Dunn reached a high ATP ranking of world No. 153. A native of Tampa, Florida, he resided in Bradenton while on the tour. He reached the second round of the (senior) 1992 US Open in his only grand slam event main draw appearance. Dunn played in a handful of grand prix events during 1992 through 1995, finishing with a career record of 4 wins, 12 losses. He reached one final in challenger events, the Naples Challenger in May, 1994. He played his final tour event in September 1996.

Dunn was also the 14-and-under singles champion at Les Petits As in 1988.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
Ariostea
Ariostea (UCI team code: ARI) was an Italian professional cycling team from 1984 to 1993. Its first team manager was Giorgio Vannucci; he was replaced in 1986 by Giancarlo Ferretti, who remained manager until the team was disbanded in 1993.

Rolf Sørensen
Rolf Sørensen (born 20 April 1965) is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer.  He is currently working as a cycling commentator and agent. Born in Helsinge in Denmark, Sørensen moved to Italy at the age of 17, where he has lived since. He goes under the name Il Biondo due to his blonde hair.
Kvemo Okrokana
Kvemo Okrokana (Georgian: ქვემო ოქროყანა, literally — "Lower Golden Field") is a village in the Truso Gorge, part of the historical region of Khevi, north-eastern Georgia. It is located on the left bank of the river Tergi. Administratively, it is part of the Kazbegi Municipality in Mtskheta-Mtianeti. It is 25 km from the municipality center of Stepantsminda.

Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Mtskheta-Mtianeti (Georgian: მცხეთა-მთიანეთი, IPA: [mt͡sʰχetʰa‿mtʰianetʰi]) is a region (mkhare) in eastern Georgia comprising the town of Mtskheta, which serves as a regional capital, together with its district and the adjoining mountainous areas. The western part of the region, namely the entire Akhalgori Municipality, is controlled by breakaway South Ossetia since the 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
Wapack Wilderness
The Wapack Wilderness is a 1,400-acre (6 km2) tract of forest in the towns of Rindge and New Ipswich, New Hampshire. The land is owned by the Hampshire Country School, a small, private school for students who do not thrive in traditional settings. It abuts Binney Pond Natural Area and land conserved by the New England Forestry Foundation. Watatic Mountain Wildlife Area is two miles (3 km) to the southeast, and Annett State Forest is two miles (3 km) to the northeast. The headwaters of the Millers River flow from the area, feeding into Converse Meadows and Lake Monomonac before entering Massachusetts.

Hampshire Country School
Hampshire Country School (HCS) is a private boarding school for Twice Exceptional children in Rindge, New Hampshire, United States, founded by Henry Curtis Patey and Adelaide Walker Patey in 1948. Formerly a co-educational school, it is now a boarding school for boys between 8 and 17 years who have difficulty in other settings. The majority of the students are enrolled in grades 3 through 9.
1947 Orange Bowl
The 1947 Orange Bowl was a postseason football game featuring the Tennessee Volunteers and the Rice Owls.  It was won by Rice on the strength of a first-quarter touchdown and a safety on a bad snap during a Tennessee quick kick.  Rice outgained Tennessee 246–145 and both teams combined for 9 turnovers.

The pageantry surrounding the game consisted of a halftime show in which over 10,000 balloons were released and an appearance by Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and Howard McCrum Snyder.  Eisenhower's group also consisted of his former Aide-de-camp Charles Craig Cannon and Coral Gables Mayor Tom Mayes.  Eisenhower claimed publicly to be taking no sides, but was close friends with Tennessee coach General Robert R. Neyland.

Tennessee Volunteers
The Tennessee Volunteers and Lady Volunteers are the 20 male and female varsity intercollegiate athletics programs that represent the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. The Volunteers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In January 2021, Danny White was introduced as the Volunteers' Director of Athletics.

Men's teams are called the Volunteers (often shortened to "Vols") and women's teams are called the Lady Volunteers ("Lady Vols"). These names come from the nickname of Tennessee, The Volunteer State.
Wellyson
Wellyson Luiz de Oliveira Sobrau (born Mar 6, 1994), known as Wellyson, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for São Luís de Ijuí.

Wellyson played for Guarani FC in the Campeonato Paulista in 2013 and 2014.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
P. Rajendran
P. Rajendran (Malayalam: പി. രാജേന്ദ്രൻ) (born 28 August 1949) is an Indian politician who is a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was a member of the 13th as well as 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Kollam Lok Sabha constituency in Kerala. He is a member of the Central Control Commission and Kerala State Committee of the CPI(M).

13th Lok Sabha
The 13th Lok Sabha (20 October 1999 – 6 February 2004) is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, or lower house in the Parliament of India). It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.

This majority group in the Lok Sabha during this period was the National Democratic Alliance, a nationalist group led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, which won 270 seats, 16 more than 12th Lok Sabha. The NDA, under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee completed its term until the next general elections of May 2004 for the next 14th Lok Sabha. This was the first non-INC government to complete the full term.

Four sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 13th Lok Sabha after the 1999 Indian general election.
Catherine D'Ignazio
Catherine D'Ignazio (also known as kanarinka) is an American professor, artist, and software developer who focuses on feminism and data literacy. She is the director of the Data + Feminism lab at MIT. D'Ignazio is best known for her hackathons, such as "Make the Breast Pump Not Suck", and for her book Data Feminism, co-authored with Lauren Klein.

Data literacy
Data literacy is the ability to read, understand, create, and communicate data as information. Much like literacy as a general concept, data literacy focuses on the competencies involved in working with data.  It is, however, not similar to the ability to read text since it requires certain skills involving reading and understanding data.

Data literacy refers to the ability to understand, interpret, critically evaluate, and effectively communicate data in context to inform decisions and drive action. It is not a technical skill but a fundamental capability for everyone, encompassing the skills and mindset necessary to transform raw data into meaningful insights and apply these insights within real-world scenarios.
Dautzenberg
Dautzenberg is a surname.

Johan Michiel Dautzenberg (1808–1869), a Belgian writer

Philippe Dautzenberg (1849–1935), a Belgian malacologist

Jens Dautzenberg (born 1974), a German sprinter

Bertrand Dautzenberg, a French pulmonologist

Leo Dautzenberg (1950-), a German politician

Gerold Dautzenberg (1939-), an Austrian politician

Dirk Dautzenberg (1921–2009), a German actor

Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), a German politician

Rolf Dautzenberg (1945–2005), a German harness racer

Gerhard Dautzenberg (1934-), a German theologian

Anton Dautzenberg (1967-), a Dutch writer

Peter Josef Franz Dautzenberg (1769–1828), a German librarian, journalist and politician

Leo Dautzenberg
Leo Dautzenberg (born 4 February 1950 in Gillrath, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany who served as a member of the Bundestag from 1998 to 2011.

From 2008 to 2010, Dautzenberg was a member of the parliamentary body providing oversight of the Special Financial Market Stabilization Funds (SoFFin).
Arnold Huijgen
Arnold Huijgen (born 16 November 1978) is a Dutch theologian and professor of dogmatic theology at the Protestant Theological University in Amsterdam. He was previously professor of systematic theology at the Theological University of Apeldoorn.

Systematic theology
Systematic theology, or systematics, is a discipline of Christian theology that formulates an orderly, rational, and coherent account of the doctrines of the Christian faith. It addresses issues such as what the Bible teaches about certain topics or what is true about God and God's universe. It also builds on biblical disciplines, church history, as well as biblical and historical theology. Systematic theology shares its systematic tasks with other disciplines such as constructive theology, dogmatics, ethics, apologetics, and philosophy of religion.
Marijeta Vidak
Marijeta Šarlija (née Vidak; born 14 August 1992) is a retired Croatian handball player who was last played for Fleury Loiret HB and the Croatian national team.

She represented Croatia at the 2016 European Women's Handball Championship and the 2020 European Women's Handball Championship where Croatia took bronze medals.

2020 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2020 European Women's Handball Championship was held from 3 to 20 December 2020. The games were played in Herning and Kolding, Denmark.

Originally, this tournament would be held with 2 host countries: Norway and Denmark. However, lacking some time for the beginning, Norway renounced the right to seat, respecting the local legislation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

The tournament was also one of the qualification events for the 2021 World Women's Handball Championship. It was also played behind closed doors due to the pandemic.

Norway won the tournament for the eighth time after defeating France in the final. Croatia won the third place game to capture their first ever medal.
Perm constituency
The Perm constituency (No.58) is a Russian legislative constituency in Perm Krai. The constituency covers western Perm and southwestern Perm Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Igor Shubin, former Senator and Mayor of Perm.

Sivinsky District
Sivinsky District (Russian: Си́винский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sivinsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the krai. The area of the district is 2,517 square kilometers (972 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Siva. Population:  14,843 (2010 Census); 17,445 (2002 Census); 18,756 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Siva accounts for 31.4% of the district's total population.