hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Masazumi Harada
Masazumi Harada (原田 正純, Harada Masazumi; September 14, 1934 – June 11, 2012) was a Japanese doctor and medical researcher. His most famous work covered the effects of Minamata disease, a type of severe mercury poisoning that occurred in the city of Minamata, Kumamoto Prefecture during the 1950s and 1960s. His publications included Minamata disease (水俣病, Minamata-byō) (1972) and Minamata Ga Utsusu Sekai (水俣が映す世界, Minamata Ga Utsusu Sekai) (1989).  He died June 11, 2012, of acute myelocytic leukemia at his home in Kumamoto.

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Knuckey Lagoons Conservation Reserve
Knuckey Lagoons Conservation Reserve is a protected area associated with a small  wetland located on the outskirts of Darwin and Palmerston in the Northern Territory of Australia.

The area in which the lagoon is located was named in 1869 after surveyor Richard Randall Knuckey by the Surveyor General, George Goyder.

Richard Randall Knuckey
Richard Randall Knuckey (26 September 1842 – 14 June 1914), often referred to as R.R. Knuckey and popularly known as Dick Knuckey, was a surveyor on the Overland Telegraph Line in central Australia from 1871 to 1872. He later became chief officer at the electric telegraph department in Adelaide.
Wakan, Oman
Wakan, Wukan or Wekan (Arabic: وكان, romanized: wkān) is a village in the wilayah of Nakhal in Oman. It lies on the slopes of the Wadi Mistal mountains at an altitude of approximately 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level in the Western Hajar Mountains, 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Muscat and 56 kilometres (35 mi) from Nakhal.

The village is known for its terraced gardens and orchards, where pomegranates, apricots, peaches and dates are grown. Unlike the majority of Oman, where the climate is hot and dry, the village enjoys mild temperatures in summer and cold winters, thanks to its altitude and location. A system of falaj runs through the village, carrying water from the top of the mountain to irrigate the fields.

Farming and tourism are the main sources of income for its inhabitants.

Hajar Mountains
The Hajar Mountains (Arabic: جِبَال ٱلْحَجَر, romanized: Jibāl al-Ḥajar, The Rocky Mountains or The Stone Mountains) are one of the highest mountain ranges in the Arabian Peninsula, shared between northern Oman and eastern United Arab Emirates. Also known as "Oman Mountains", they separate the low coastal plain of Oman from the high desert plateau, and lie 50–100 km (31–62 miles) inland from the Gulf of Oman.
1994–95 Highland Football League
The 1994–1995 Highland Football League was won by Huntly. The league was reduced to sixteen teams after Ross County along with Caledonian and Inverness Thistle (as the newly formed Caledonian Thistle) left to join the Scottish Football League. Wick Academy, formerly of the North Caledonian Football League was elected in their place.

North Caledonian Football Association
The North Caledonian Football Association is a senior football association operating throughout the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and is a recognised body of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) and as such has its senior football competitions officially registered with the SFA.
HD 186302
HD 186302 (also designated HIP 97507) is a star in the constellation of Pavo. It is 185 light-years (57 parsecs) away from Earth, with an apparent magnitude of 8.76. It was identified in November 2018 as a potential solar sibling to the Sun, like HD 162826.  Similar in spectrum and size, it was suspected to have formed in the same stellar nursery as the Sun 4.6 billion years ago. However, a common origin with the Sun was found to be unlikely in a 2019 paper, as HD 186302's galactic orbit is very different from the Sun's.

Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
Apophlegmatism
Apophlegmatisms, in pre-modern medicine, were medications chewed in order to draw away phlegm and humours from the head and brain. Such treatments were called apophlegmatic. Of this kind, tobacco was considered excellent, except for the damage it does to teeth. Sage was said to have almost the same virtues without the same defects.

Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis, common sage or sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of culinary use, and in modern times it has been used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for closely related species and cultivars.
Kevin Bolibruck
Kevin Bolibruck (born February 8, 1977) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey player. After playing professionally in Canada and the U.S.A., he moved to Europe in 2003 and latterly was a member of Sport Ghiaccio Pontebba in the Italian Serie A Hockey League and a member of the British Elite Ice Hockey League.

SG Pontebba
Sport Ghiaccio Pontebba was represented by Aquile Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the Pontebba region's flagship ice hockey team. It played its home games at the PalaVuerich arena in Pontebba, Italy. The team was a member of the Serie A and won the 2008 Italian Cup.
Who Am I (Katy B song)
"Who Am I" is a song recorded by English singer Katy B for her third studio album, Honey (2016). It is a collaboration with American electronic music band Major Lazer and English singer Craig David. The song was written by Brien, David, Phillip Meckseper, Thomas Pentz and produced by Geneeus, Jr. Blender and Diplo. It was released on 5 February 2016 as the lead single from the album.

The song received generally favourable reviews from music critics. On 12 February 2016, the single peaked at number 89 on the UK Singles Chart.

Katy B
Kathleen Anne Brien (born 8 May 1989), known professionally as Katy B, is an English singer. She released her debut studio album, On a Mission, in 2011, which spawned two top five hits, "Katy on a Mission" and "Lights On". In 2014 she released her second studio album, Little Red, which produced her third top five hit, "Crying for No Reason". Her third studio album, Honey, was released in 2016.
Talensi-Nabdam District
Talensi-Nabdam District is a former district that was located in Upper East Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Bolgatanga District in August 2004. However, on 28 June 2012, it was split oft into two new districts: Talensi District (capital: Tongo) and Nabdam District (capital: Nangodi). The district assembly was located in the central part of Upper East Region and had Tongo as its capital town.

Upper East Region
The Upper East Region is located in the northern part of Ghana, and it is the third smallest of the 16 administrative regions in Ghana. Despite its relatively small size, the region holds an outsized significance in the nation's cultural heritage and historical narrative. It occupies a total land surface of 8,842 square kilometers, hence constituting a modest 2.7% of Ghana's total land area. The regional capital is Bolgatanga, which is sometimes referred to as Bolga. It is a major center for the production and sale of beautifully woven baskets, leather goods, and straw handicrafts. Bolga serves as the administrative and commercial heartbeat of the region. Other major towns in the region include Navrongo, Paga, Sandema, Bawku, Zebilla, Tempane, Pusiga, Garu, Pwalugu, and Widana.
Andrey Aleksandrovich Grigoryev
Andrey Aleksandrovich Grigoryev (1883-1968) was a Soviet and Russian geographer and geomorphologist. He proposed the creation of the Department for the Industrial Geographical Study of Russia (DIGS) of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces, which occurred in 1918.

Grigoryev graduated as a zoologist from the Department of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University in 1907.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
Donyo
Donyo is a given name and nickname. Notable people with this name include the following:

Donyo Donev (1929 – 2007), Bulgarian animator, director, art director, comics artist and cartoonist

Donyo Dorje (1463 – 1512), Tibetan prince

Donyo Kuzmanov, nickname for Anton Kuzmanov (born 1918), Bulgarian footballer

Jamyang Donyo Gyaltsen (1310 - 1344), Tibetan ruler

Donyo Donev
Donyo Petrov Donev (Bulgarian: Доньо Петров Донев; 27 June 1929 – 28 November 2007) was a Bulgarian animator, director, art director, comics artist and cartoonist. He is best known as the "father of The Three Fools" – an animated humorous sequence whose short episodes were continuously released during the 1970s and 1980s. His biting satirical caricatures were published in most of the Bulgarian newspapers.

Donev's works are characterized with simplified lines, the plasticity of the motion, and vivid expressiveness. He was the first to use a deformed manner of speaking and interjections as a sound image of a second plan, accompanied with the sounds of drums and bagpipes.
Westham Island
Westham Island is an island located near Ladner, a neighbourhood of Delta, British Columbia, Canada, which in turn is a part of the Greater Vancouver area. The George C. Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary for migratory birds is located at the northern end of the island, home to over 300 bird species. Every year in October, almost 85,000 Lesser Snow Geese arrive as they travel from Wrangel Island to the Atlantic. The Alaksen National Wildlife Area is also located on the island.

The Westham Island Swing Bridge was built to connect the island to Ladner; opened on March 29, 1910, it is one of the oldest bridges in the province. A rehabilitation of the bridge was completed in 2010.

The island was named by Harry Trim who came from Westham, Sussex.: 292

Westham
Westham is a large village and civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex, England. The village is adjacent to Pevensey five miles (8 km) north-east of Eastbourne. The parish consists of three settlements: Westham; Stone Cross; and Hankham. The parish is virtually part of the Greater Eastbourne conurbation, and much expansion has been occurring here: hence the large population.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajawandi
Abū Badīl Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajāwandī (Persian: ابوبدیل احمد بن محمد سجاوندی) (died 1176 CE or 571 AH) was a 12th-century chronicler, commentator on the Quran, poet and orator. He was the son of the scholar Muhammad ibn Tayfour Sajawandi. He is mentioned in the Lubab ul-Albab ("Heart of hearts") of Aufi and the Chahar Maqalah ("Four Discourses") of Nizami Aruzi as a great poet and orator at the court of Tughan-Shah Ibn Alp Arslan (reigning Herat in the mid-11th century), under the name Malik al-Kalām Majd ad-Dīn Aḥmad Badi'hī Sajāwandī. However, as this event must have preceded Abu Badil's lifetime by close to a century, it is likely that these individuals have been confused from an early date, with Malik al-Kalām Aḥmad Badi'hī ("the king of speech") being known for his poetry, and Imâm-e Kabīr Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajāwandī ("the great Imam") for his religious scholarship.

Muhammad Aufi
Sadīd ud-Dīn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad 'Aufī Bukhārī (Persian: سدید الدین محمد عوفی; fl. late 12th – early 13th centuries), also known under the laqab Nour ud-Dīn, was a Persian historian, philologist, and author.
Ryan Brown (comics)
Ryan Brown (born May 2, 1962, in Lodi, Ohio) is a comic book writer and artist and toy designer best known for his work on Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and the animated series Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa.

Glossary of comics terminology
Comics has developed specialized terminology. Several attempts have been made to formalize and define the terminology of comics by authors such as Will Eisner, Scott McCloud, R. C. Harvey and Dylan Horrocks. Much of the terminology in English is under dispute, so this page will list and describe the most common terms used in comics.
Sungai Petani
Sungai Petani  (abbr. Sg. Petani or SP) is a city in Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia. The population of the municipal area of Sungai Petani is larger than Kedah's state capital, Alor Setar. It is located about 55 km south of Alor Setar, and 33 km northeast of George Town, the capital city of the neighbouring state of Penang.

Kedah Darul Aman F.C.
Kedah Darul Aman Football Club (Malay: Kelab Bola Sepak Kedah Darul Aman) is a professional football club based in Alor Setar, Kedah. The club, originally under the administration of the Kedah Football Association, turned professional in 1994 and was privatised in 2021. Today, it is managed by Darulaman Football Club Sdn. Bhd., under the ownership of Tan Sri Dr. Mohd Daud Bakar.

The club currently competes in the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League, the second tier of Malaysian football. They are the first club in the history of Malaysian football to win two consecutive trebles, in 2006–07 and 2007–08, under the guidance of Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah.

Overall, Kedah Darul Aman has won 3 Malaysia Super League titles, 4 Malaysia Premier League titles, 5 Malaysia FA Cups, 5 Malaysia Cups, and 3 Piala Sumbangsih titles.
Pertusaria siamensis
Pertusaria siamensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found in Thailand, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Sureeporn Jariangprasert. The type specimen was collected by the author from the Chae Son National Park (Lampang province) at an altitude of 720 m (2,360 ft), where it was found in a dry dipterocarp forest growing on Shorea obtusa. The lichen is common in several Thai national parks in various parts of the country, occurring at elevations ranging from 200 to 1,600 m (660 to 5,250 ft). In addition to Shorea, Pertusaria siamensis has also been recorded growing on Dipterocarpus, Ficus, and Vatica. The species epithet combines the old name for Thailand ("Siam") with the Latin suffix -ensis ("place of origin").

Lampang province
Lampang (Thai: ลำปาง, pronounced [lām.pāːŋ]; Northern Thai: ᩃᩣᩴᨻᩣ᩠ᨦ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), situated in upper northern Thailand. The old name of Lampang was Khelang Nakhon.
Davidson Black
Davidson Black, FRS  (July 25, 1884 – March 15, 1934) was a Canadian paleoanthropologist, best known for his naming of Sinanthropus pekinensis (now Homo erectus pekinensis). He was Chairman of the Geological Survey of China and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was known as 步達生 (pinyin: Bù Dáshēng) in China.

Johan Gunnar Andersson
Johan Gunnar Andersson (3 July 1874 – 29 October 1960) was a Swedish archaeologist, geomorphologist, and paleontologist who was closely associated with the beginnings of Chinese archaeology in the 1920s.
Readerlink Distribution Services
Readerlink Distribution Services, is an American book publisher and distributor based in Oak Brook, Illinois. Readerlink is the largest distributor of books to mass merchandisers in United States, and the largest distributor of hardcover, trade and paperback books to non-trade channel booksellers in North America.

Servicing approximately 66,000 storefronts in the United States, Readerlink distributes about one out of every three consumer trade books sold in the country. As of 2016, the company had distribution centers in Clearfield, Utah; Denton, Texas; Romeoville, Illinois; Salem, Virginia; and Winder, Georgia. Dennis E. Abboud serves as Readerlink's President and CEO.

Romeoville, Illinois
Romeoville is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The village is located 26 mi (42 km) southwest of Chicago on the Gateway Wetlands, directly west of the Des Plaines River and Historic U.S. Route 66 (now IL-53). Per the 2020 census, the population was 39,863. Once a small river port, Romeoville experienced rapid growth in the 1990s and 2000s. It is located between Bolingbrook and Joliet near Interstate 55 and Interstate 355.
Clanker
Clanker is a slur for robots and artificial intelligence (AI) software. The term has been used in Star Wars media, first appearing in the franchise's 2005 video game Star Wars: Republic Commando. In 2025, the term became widely used to express hatred or distaste for machines ranging from delivery robots to large language models. This trend has been attributed to anxiety around the negative societal effects of AI.

Delivery robot
A delivery robot is an autonomous robot that provides "last mile" delivery services. Delivery robots have been used in food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service.

An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself, such as when it is stuck in an obstacle.
Granite Range (Washoe County)
The Granite Range is a mountain range in Washoe County, Nevada, west of the town of Gerlach and the lower Black Rock Desert playa.

Adjacent mountain ranges are the Fox Range and Calico Hills. Smoke Creek Desert is also near.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Clara Andrew
Clara Andrew (1862 – 6 July 1939) was a British adoption pioneer, activist, and founder of the National Children Adoption Association. She was recognised for her work with Belgian refugees during World War I and later dedicated her efforts to fight against the practice of baby farming in the United Kingdom.

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Kočani General Hospital
PHI General Hospital Kochani (Macedonian: Општа болница Кочани, romanized: Opšta bolnica Kočani) is a hospital located in the central area of the town of Kočani, North Macedonia. It offers its continual health services to the population living in the municipalities of: Kočani, Češinovo-Obleševo, Zrnovci and to the population from the municipalities which gravitate towards the Municipality of Kočani like: Vinica, Makedonska Kamenica, Berovo, Pehčevo and Delčevo where about 115.000 - 120.000 people live.

Češinovo-Obleševo Municipality
Češinovo-Obleševo (Macedonian: Чешиново-Облешевоⓘ) is a municipality in the eastern part of North Macedonia. The seat of the municipality is the village of Obleševo. Češinovo-Obleševo is part of the Eastern Statistical Region.
James Joseph Sylvester
James Joseph Sylvester (3 September 1814 – 15 March 1897) was an English mathematician. He made fundamental contributions to matrix theory, invariant theory, number theory, partition theory, and combinatorics.  He played a leadership role in American mathematics in the later half of the 19th century as a professor at the Johns Hopkins University and as founder of the American Journal of Mathematics.  At his death, he was a professor at Oxford University.

Invariant theory
Invariant theory is a branch of abstract algebra dealing with actions of groups on algebraic varieties, such as vector spaces, from the point of view of their effect on functions. Classically, the theory dealt with the question of explicit description of polynomial functions that do not change (are invariant) under the transformations from a given linear group. For example, if we consider the action of the special linear group SLn on the space of n by n matrices by left multiplication, then the determinant is an invariant of this action because the determinant of A X equals the determinant of X, when  A is in SLn.
Straits of Corfu
The Straits of Corfu or Corfu Channel is the narrow body of water along the coasts of Albania and Greece to the east, separating these two countries from the Greek island of Corfu on the west.  The channel is a passage from the Adriatic Sea on the north to the Ionian Sea that is used by shipping local to Albania and Greece to the ports of Saranda, Albania, and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and by local and tourist traffic in Albania and from the Greek mainland to Corfu, in addition to some international traffic from the Adriatic.

Freight transport
Freight transport, also referred to as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commercial products and merchandise goods and cargo. The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English, it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well. "Logistics", a term borrowed from the military environment, is also used in the same sense.