hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pandelani Nefolovhodwe
Pandelani Jeremia Nefolovhodwe (born 2 February 1947) is a South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist who served as deputy president of the Azanian People's Organisation (AZAPO) from 1992 to 2010. He represented the party in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2009 and was formerly its president from 1990 to 1992.

During apartheid, Nefolovhodwe was a leading member of the Black Consciousness movement, particularly at the University of the North at Turfloop. He was national president of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) in 1974, when he and eight others were charged under the Terrorism Act in the SASO Nine trial. He was imprisoned on Robben Island from 1976 to 1982 and upon his release became involved in union organising, including as a founding member of the National Council of Trade Unions.

Trade unions in South Africa
Trade unions in South Africa has a history dating back to the 1880s. From the beginning unions could be viewed as a reflection of the racial disunity of the country, with the earliest unions being predominantly for white workers. Through the turbulent years of 1948–1991 trade unions played an important part in developing political and economic resistance, and eventually were one of the driving forces in realising the transition to an inclusive democratic government.

Today trade unions are still an important force in South Africa, with 3.11 million members representing 25.3% of the formal work force. The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) is the largest of the three major trade union centres, with a membership of 1.8 million, and is part of the Tripartite alliance with the ruling African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP).
Poetaster
Poetaster (/poʊɪtæstər/), like rhymester or versifier, is a derogatory term applied to bad or inferior poets. Specifically, poetaster has implications of unwarranted pretensions to artistic value. The word was coined in Latin by Erasmus in 1521. It was first used in English by Ben Jonson in his 1600 play Cynthia's Revels; immediately afterwards Jonson chose it as the title of his 1601 play Poetaster. In that play the "poetaster" character is a satire on John Marston, one of Jonson's rivals in the Poetomachia or War of the Theatres.

Cynthia's Revels
Cynthia's Revels, or The Fountain of Self-Love is a late Elizabethan stage play, a satire written by Ben Jonson. The play was one element in the Poetomachia or War of the Theatres between Jonson and rival playwrights John Marston and Thomas Dekker.
Mykolaivka rural hromada, Dnipro Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Mykolaivka rural hromada (Ukrainian: Миколаївська сільська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Dnipro Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Mykolaivka.

It has an area of 370.3 square kilometres (143.0 mi2) and a population of 6,634, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 10 settlements, including 8 villages:

And 2 rural-type settlements: Gorky and Shevchenko.

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Дніпропетровська область, romanized: Dnipropetrovska oblast), also commonly known as Dnipropetrovshchyna (Ukrainian: Дніпропетровщина), is an oblast (province) in southeastern Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has a population of about 3,096,485 (2022 estimate), approximately 80% of whom live centering on administrative centers: Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamianske, Nikopol and Pavlohrad. The Dnieper River runs through the oblast.
Pule Tlaletsi
Lazarus Pule Tlaletsi (born 5 November 1960) is a South African judge who is currently serving as Judge President of the Northern Cape High Court since September 2017. He was formerly the Deputy Judge President of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court from 2013 to 2017. He joined the bench in November 2004 as a puisne judge of the Northern Cape High Court. Before that, he was a practising attorney in the North West Province.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Timeline of Indian innovation
Timeline of Indian innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.

The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories: architecture, astronomy, cartography, metallurgy, logic, mathematics, metrology, mineralogy, automobile engineering, information technology, communications, space and polar technology.

This timeline examines scientific and medical discoveries, products and technologies introduced by various peoples of India. Inventions are regarded as technological firsts developed in India, and as such does not include foreign technologies which India acquired through contact.

Indian logic
The development of Indian logic dates back to the Chandahsutra of Pingala and anviksiki of Medhatithi Gautama (c. 6th century BCE); the Sanskrit grammar rules of Pāṇini (c. 5th century BCE); the Vaisheshika school's analysis of atomism (c. 6th century BCE to 2nd century BCE); the analysis of inference by Gotama (c. 6th century BC to 2nd century CE), founder of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy; and the tetralemma of Nagarjuna (c. 2nd century CE).

Indian logic stands as one of the three original traditions of logic, alongside the Greek and the Chinese logic. The Indian tradition continued to develop through early to modern times, in the form of the Navya-Nyāya school of logic.
José Segura (baseball)
Jose Altagracia Segura Mota (born January 26, 1963) is a Dominican former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played during three seasons at the major league level for the Chicago White Sox and San Francisco Giants. He was signed by the Philadelphia Phillies as an amateur free agent in 1981. Segura played his first professional season (in American baseball) with their Rookie league Helena Phillies in 1981, and his last with the New York Yankees' Triple-A Columbus Clippers in 1995. Segura played for the Wei Chuan Dragons from 1995 to 1997 in the Chinese Professional Baseball League.

Wei Chuan Dragons
The Wei Chuan Dragons (Chinese: 味全龍; pinyin: Wèiquán Lóng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bī-chôan-liông) are a Taiwanese professional baseball team. They are a member of Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). The team originally existed between 1990 and 1999. In 2019, negotiations were held to revive the franchise and return to the CPBL. They played one season of minor league baseball in 2020 and rejoined the CPBL in 2021.

The Dragons have won the Taiwan Series championship five times, in 1990, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2023.
Leona Helmsley
Leona Roberts Helmsley (born Lena Mindy Rosenthal; July 4, 1920 – August 20, 2007) was an American businesswoman. After allegations of non-payment were made by contractors hired to improve Helmsley's Connecticut home, she was investigated and convicted of federal income tax evasion and other crimes in 1989. Although having initially received a sentence of 4 years, she was required to serve only 19 months in prison and two months under house arrest. During the trial, a former housekeeper testified that she had heard Helmsley say: "We don't pay taxes; only the little people pay taxes." This quote was identified with her for the rest of her life. Helmsley's flamboyant personality and reputation for tyrannical behavior, especially towards her employees, earned her the nickname Queen of Mean.

Sobriquet
A sobriquet (/ˈsoʊ.brɪ.ˌkeɪ, ˌsoʊ.brɪ.ˈkeɪ/ SOH-brih-kay, -⁠KAY) is a descriptive nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. A sobriquet is distinct from a pseudonym in that it is typically a familiar name used in place of a real name without the need for explanation; it may even become more familiar than the original name.

An example is Mohandas Gandhi, who is better known as Mahatma Gandhi ("mahatma" means "great soul" in Sanskrit).

The term sobriquet is equally applicable as a name for a person, group of people, historical event, or place. Well-known places often have sobriquets, such as New York City, often called the "Big Apple", or Rome, the "Eternal City", or Vienna, the "Golden Apple" or Paris the "City of Light".
1991 US Open – Mixed doubles
Elizabeth Smylie and Todd Woodbridge were the defending champions but they competed with different partners that year, Smylie with John Fitzgerald and Woodbridge with Nicole Provis.

Smylie and Fitzgerald lost in the second round to Elna Reinach and Christo van Rensburg.

Provis and Woodbridge lost in the quarterfinals to Manon Bollegraf and Tom Nijssen.

Bollegraf and Nijssen won in the final 6–2, 7–6(7–2) against Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Emilio Sánchez.

Christo van Rensburg
Christo van Rensburg (born 23 October 1962) is a former professional tennis player from South Africa.

Van Rensburg turned professional in 1983. He won his first doubles title on ATP Tour later that year at Cleveland.

Van Rensburg won 20 top-level doubles titles during his career, including one Grand Slam men's doubles title at the Australian Open in 1985, partnering Paul Annacone. He also won two ATP singles titles at Orlando in 1987, and at Johannesburg in 1989. Van Rensburg's career-high rankings were world No. 19 in singles (achieved in 1988) and world No. 5 in doubles (achieved in 1987). He retired from the professional tour in 1995.

Van Rensburg is one of only two men to beat Pete Sampras in straight sets at Wimbledon (doing so in 1990, where Sampras was the No. 12 seed), the other being 1996 champion Richard Krajicek.
Peter Ziegler
Peter Alfred Ziegler (2 November 1928 – 19 July 2013) was a Swiss geologist, who made contributions to the understanding of the geological evolution of Europe and the North Atlantic borderlands, of intraplate tectonics and of plate tectonic controls on the evolution and hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary basins. Ziegler's career consists of 33 years as exploration geologist with the petroleum industry, 30 of which with Shell, and 20 years of university teaching and research.

Tectonics
Tectonics (from Ancient Greek  τεκτονικός tektonikós 'pertaining to building' via Latin tectonicus) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons.

These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.

Tectonic studies are important as guides for economic geologists searching for fossil fuels and ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources. An understanding of tectonic principles can help geomorphologists to explain erosion patterns and other Earth-surface features.
Liz Tuccillo
Liz Tuccillo is an American writer and producer best known for her work on the HBO comedy series Sex and the City and for co-authoring (with Greg Behrendt) the self-help book He's Just Not That Into You, for which they won a Quill Award. Her first novel, How to Be Single, was published in June 2008 and adapted into a feature film in 2016.

Tuccillo created the 2005 television series Related, which aired on the WB network. She directed and wrote the 2008 film Gone to the Dogs and the film Take Care which premiered at South by Southwest in March 2014.

Self-help book
A self-help book is a book or text that is written with the intention to instruct its readers how to solve their personal problems. They take their name from Self-Help, an 1859 best-selling book by Samuel Smiles, but are sometimes known and classified as "self-improvement" books and media. Self-help books moved from a position in a niche market to much wider adoption and use in the late twentieth century.
Kellie Suttle
Kellie Suttle (born May 9, 1973, in Saint Peters, Missouri) is a retired female track and field athlete from the United States, who competed in the pole vault event.

A two-time Olympian (2000 and 2004), she won the silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada and the silver at the 2001 World Indoor Championships. Won 1998 outdoor US championships and 2006 indoor US championships. After competing at Arkansas State University, she became part of the training stable of former world record holder Earl Bell in Jonesboro, Arkansas and trained with a number of the world's top men and women pole vaulters.

Jonesboro, Arkansas
Jonesboro (/ˈdʒoʊnzbʌrə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Located on Crowley's Ridge in the northeastern part of the state, it is one of two county seats of Craighead County. The population was 78,579 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 84,155 in 2026, making it the fifth-most populous city in Arkansas. In 2024, the Jonesboro metropolitan area had a population of 138,152, and the greater Jonesboro-Paragould combined statistical area had a population of 184,749. Jonesboro is the home of Arkansas State University and is the cultural and economic center of Northeast Arkansas.
Canada's Next Top Model season 3
Cycle 3 of Canada's Next Top Model, the Canadian adaptation of Tyra Banks' America's Next Top Model, aired on CTV from May to July 2009. Jay Manuel returned for his second season as the show's host. The panel was composed of Jeanne Beker, Yasmin Warsame, and photographer Mike Ruiz, who was the only new addition. Nolé Marin returned as creative director for the show. Encore presentations of the show aired on A-Channel, Star! and FashionTelevisionChannel.

The prize package for this cycle included a modeling contract with Elmer Olsen Model Management, an editorial spread in Fashion magazine, and a beauty contract valued at $100,000 from Procter & Gamble.

The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Meaghan Waller from Winnipeg, Manitoba.

E! (Canadian TV channel)
E! is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel owned by Bell Media. It primarily airs entertainment programming and series relating to celebrities and popular culture.

The network was originally launched in 1999 as Star!, under the ownership of CHUM Limited. In 2010, then-owner CTVglobemedia announced an agreement with Comcast to license the branding and programming of similar U.S. network E!, resulting in its rebranding on November 29, 2010.
Nongo-Souala
Nongo-Souala is a village rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 264 square kilometers and includes four villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 4,578. The village of Nongo-Souala, the administrative center (chef-lieu) of the commune, is 50 km north of Sikasso.

Sikasso Cercle
Sikasso Cercle is one of seven administrative subdivisions of the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The capital is the town of Sikasso.

The cercle is divided into the urban commune of Sikasso and 42 rural communes:
Philip Adolphe Klier
Philip Adolphe Klier (c. 1845 – 27 March 1911), also known as Philip Klier, was a German photographer, who arrived in Burma as a young man around 1865 and spent the rest of his life there. Mainly working as self-trained photographer and businessman, Klier took hundreds of photographs at the end of the 19th century during the British colonial period in Burma. His photographs, taken both in his studio as well as on location, were mainly sold as picture postcards for foreign visitors. They have also been published in several books and collected in public archives. Among a small number of other photographers, Klier is considered as one of the earliest professional photographers in the history of today's Myanmar.

Studio
A studio is a space set aside for creative work of any kind, including art, dance, music and theater.

The word studio is derived from the Italian: studio, from Latin: studium, from studere, meaning to study or zeal.
Greek ship Spetsai
Five ships of the Hellenic Navy have borne the name Spetsai (Σπέτσαι), named after the island of Spetses, which played a major role in the Greek War of Independence:

Spetsai (1828–1831), a sail corvette bought from Laskarina Bouboulina, destroyed in 1831 at Poros during a rebellion against Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias

Spetsai (1881–1889), a British-built steam gunboat, renamed to Aktion

Spetsai (1890–1920), a French-built ironclad warship

Spetsai (1933–1946), a Dardo-class destroyer

Spetsai (1998–present), a Hydra-class (MEKO 200-type) frigate

Greek corvette Nisos ton Spetson
Originally named Agamemnon (Greek: Αγαμέμνων), this corvette was the flagship of the fleet of Laskarina Bouboulina, a key figure in the 1821 Greek War of Independence. It was built in Spetses in 1820, was armed with 18 long range cannons, and became one of the most famous ships of the War.

After Greece's independence, it was incorporated in the country's navy with the name Nisos ton Spetson (Νήσος των Σπετσών, lit. 'Island of Spetsai').
Mike Sheron
Michael Nigel Sheron (born 11 January 1972) is an English football coach and former professional footballer who is under-23s head coach at Blackburn Rovers.

As a player, he was a striker who notably played in the Premier League for Manchester City and Norwich City. He also played in the Football League for Bury, Stoke City, Queens Park Rangers, Barnsley, Blackpool, Macclesfield Town and Shrewsbury Town. Sheron was capped by England at under-21 level.

PFA Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Team of the Year (often called the PFA Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 55 footballers across the top four tiers of men's English football: the Premier League, the Championship, League One and League Two, as well as the top tier of women's football:  the Women's Super League.

The award has been presented to men since the 1973–74 season and women since the 2013–14 season. The shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions.

The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals.
Ferry Point
There are many places named Ferry Point in the world:

Ferry Point, Hampshire on the Hayling Island of England

Ferry Point, Hong Kong in Kowloon, Hong Kong

Ferry Point, California, United States

Ferry Point Border Crossing on the U.S.–Canada border

Ferry Point Park in the Bronx, New York City

Ferry Point Border Crossing
The Ferry Point Bridge Crossing connects the towns of Calais, Maine and St. Stephen, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. This crossing is located at the Ferry Point International Bridge.  Various bridges have existed at this location since 1826. In 1847, a more substantial covered toll bridge was completed. It was replaced by a steel bridge in 1895 that featured a streetcar line, and it no longer required payment of a toll.  This bridge was for many years the principal crossing point between the two communities.  In 2009, after the completion of the International Avenue Border Crossing, commercial trucks were prohibited from crossing the border at this location, significantly reducing the through truck traffic passing through the nearby downtown areas.

The current US facility, built in 1935–36, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.  The current Canadian facility was built in 1955.
Piotr Greger
Piotr Greger (born 24 March 1964) is a Polish Roman Catholic bishop.

Ordained to the priesthood on 13 May 1989. Greger was named auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bielsko–Żywiec, Poland on 22 October 2011.

Diocese of Bielsko–Żywiec
The Diocese of Bielsko–Żywiec (Latin: Dioecesis Bielscensis-Zyviecensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the cities of Bielsko and Żywiec in the ecclesiastical province of Kraków in Poland.

It was established as the Diocese of Bielsko–Żywiec from the Diocese of Katowice and Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kraków on 25 March 1992. In 2013 about a half of the then Catholic Church members attended church services at least once per week.
2011 American Express – TED Open – Doubles
Leoš Friedl and Dušan Vemić were the defending champions, but decided not to participate.

Carsten Ball and Andre Begemann won the title, defeating Grégoire Burquier and Yannick Mertens 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Andre Begemann
Andre Begemann (born 12 July 1984) is a German inactive professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 36, achieved in May 2015. He has a career-high singles ranking of No. 166, achieved in July 2010. Begemann has won four ATP Tour doubles titles.
L'Observatoire International
L'Observatoire International is a lighting design firm established by Hervé Descottes in 1993 in New York City. The firm works within a range of different spatial expressions including architecture, landscape, urban, and fine art projects.

L'Observatoire has become known for its innovative ways of applying light within the built environment, and does so by merging the latest technologies with an aesthetic paradigm in order to most advantageously engage and reveal the program, space, and form. The firm has collaborated with architects and designers including Steven Holl, Frank Gehry, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Jean Nouvel, Richard Meier, Peter Marino.

Richard Meier
Richard Meier (born October 12, 1934) is an American abstract artist and architect, whose geometric designs make prominent use of the color white. A winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1984, Meier has designed several iconic buildings including the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art, the Getty Center in Los Angeles, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, and San Jose City Hall. In 2018, some of Meier's employees accused him of sexual assault, which led to him resigning from his firm in 2021.
Akio Chen
Akio Chen (Chinese: 陳慕義; pinyin: Chén Mùyì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Bō͘-gī; born 29 September 1956) is a Taiwanese actor. He won the Golden Bell Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film in 2006.

He played the role of Lih in the 2004 film Come the Black Dog directed by Stan Yin. In 2009, Chen appeared in The Sight of Father’s Back, a segment of Chang Tso-chi's anthology film How Are You, Dad. In The Boar King (2014), directed by Kuo Chen-ti, Chen's character dies during Typhoon Morakot. Prior to taking a leading role on the 2017 television drama The Teenage Psychic, Chen had appeared in several supporting roles on television. At the 60th Golden Horse Awards, he won Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Old Fox.

Chang Tso-chi
Chang Tso-chi (Chinese: 張作驥; pinyin: Zhāng Zuòjì; born 26 December 1961) is a Taiwanese film director. His 2002 film The Best Of Times was entered into the 59th Venice International Film Festival. His films won Golden Horse Award for Best Feature Film two times, for The Best of Times (2002) and When Love Comes (2010).

Chang was arrested and charged with rape in Taiwan in May 2013. He was found guilty in June 2014 and was sentenced to 3 years and 10 months in prison. He was released on parole on August 17, 2017. He served a total of 2 years, 4 months and 7 days in prison.