hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shakespeare's Villains
Shakespeare's Villains is a one-man play, created and performed by Steven Berkoff.

Following its first run at London's Theatre Royal, Haymarket (7 July – 8 August 1998) where it was produced by Berkoff's East Productions and Marc Sinden (who also co-directed), it was nominated for The Society of London Theatre Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment.

Performed around the world by Berkoff since 1998, the piece explores and analyses Shakespeare's most villainous characters, including Iago, the Macbeths, Shylock and Richard III – characters who are inherently evil and whose situation leads them to do evil deeds, or who are at the mercy of an evil society.

Shylock
Shylock (/ˈʃaɪlɒk/ SHY-lok) is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice (c. 1600). A Venetian Jewish moneylender, Shylock is the play's principal villain. His defeat and forced conversion to Christianity form the climax of the story.

Shylock's characterisation is composed of stereotypes, for instance greediness and vengefulness, although there were no legally practising Jews who lived in England during Shakespeare's time. Jews were expelled from the country in 1290 by Edward I in the Edict of Expulsion; this was not reversed until the mid-17th century (the Cromwell Era).
Why didn't you invest in Eastern Poland?
Why didn't you invest in Eastern Poland? (Polish: Dlaczego nie zainwestowałeś w Polsce Wschodniej?) was an advertising campaign conducted by the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (PAIiIZ), and supported by the European Regional Development Fund, to raise the domestic and international profile of Eastern Poland, with the aim of increasing economic investment in the region.

European Regional Development Fund
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is one of the European Structural and Investment Funds allocated by the European Union. Its purpose is to transfer money from richer regions (not countries), and invest it in the infrastructure and services of underdeveloped regions. This will allow those regions to start attracting private sector investments, and create jobs on their own.
Mandakranta Sen
Mandakranta Sen (born 15 September 1972) is an Indian poet of Bengali language. She became the youngest ever winner of Ananda Puraskar in 1999 for her very first poetry book. In 2004, she was awarded Sahitya Akademi Golden Jubilee Award for poetry. She quit medical studies to become a full-time writer.

Bengali poetry
Bengali poetry is a rich tradition of poetry in the Bengali language and has many different forms. Originating in Bengal, the history of Bengali poetry underwent three successive stages of development: poetry of the early age (like Charyapad), the Medieval period and the age of modern poetry. All ages have seen different forms of poetry and poetical tradition. It reached the pinnacle during the Bengali Renaissance period although it has a rich tradition and has grown independent of the movement. Major Bengali Poets throughout the ages are Chandidas, Krittivas Ojha, Maladhar Basu, Bijay Gupta, Mukundaram Chakrabarti, Kashiram Das, Alaol, Syed Sultan, Ramprasad Sen, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Nabinchandra Sen, Rabindranath Tagore, Dwijendralal Ray, Satyendranath Dutta, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Jibanananda Das, Jasimuddin, Sukanta Battacharya, Al Mahmud, Joy Goswami.
Ewen Cameron (Victorian politician)
Ewen Cameron (10 April 1860 – 30 March 1906) was a politician, member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

Cameron was born in Morgiana near Hamilton, Victoria, the son of John Cameron and his wife Barbara Taylor. He was a grazier outside of politics, managing his family's property after his father's death, managing a property at Paschendale (then known as Struan) for five years, then at "Cloverdale", near Condah and Sinclair estate at Drumborg. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly on 1 November 1900, serving until his death in office in 1906.

Cameron married Emma Harriet, née Nunn, and had four children. Maud Cameron became a teacher and school headmistress; Winifred became a doctor; and Edith became a nurse and served in Europe in World War I.

Paschendale, Victoria
Paschendale is a locality in south west Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Shire of Glenelg, 352 kilometres (219 mi) west of the state capital, Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Paschendale had a population of 30.
Michael Clemens
Michael Andrew Clemens (born 1972) is an American economist who studies international migration and global economic development.

He is a full professor in the Department of Economics at George Mason University and a non-resident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. He is also affiliated with IZA, the Institute of Labor Economics in Bonn, Germany, the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration at University College London, and is a Distinguished Non-Resident Fellow at the Center for Global Development.

Academic tenure
Tenure is a type of academic appointment that offers its holder a semi-permanent position at an institution, protecting them from being fired or laid off for their personal beliefs and practices. Academic tenure originated in the United States in the early 20th century, and several other countries have since adopted it. Tenure is a means of defending the principle of academic freedom, though tenured staff can still be fired under just cause laws or under extraordinary circumstances such as financial exigency or program discontinuation.
Barf (Lake District)
Barf is a fell in the north-western Lake District in Cumbria, UK. It stands on the south-western shore of Bassenthwaite Lake. Barf is well known for a whitewashed pillar of rock on the lower slopes, the so-called "Bishop's Rock" or "Bishop of Barf". The name is thought to be a derivative of "burgh".

Fell
Fell (from Old Norse: fell, "mountain → landscape over the tree line"; cf.  Icelandic: fell, Norwegian: fjell, Swedish: fjäll) is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain or moor-covered hill, often mountain landscape over the tree line, etc. The term is most often employed in Fennoscandia, Iceland, the Isle of Man, parts of northern England, and Scotland.
Levin AFC
Levin AFC are a football club from New Zealand based in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of the North Island. Its home ground is at Donnelly Park, Adkin Avenue in the town of Levin.

The club joined the Central Federation League in 2020.

Levin AFC has competed for the Chatham Cup since 1970, reaching the fourth round twice in 1986 and 1989.

Levin joined the Central League in 1976 and later won the Third Division in 1991. The club last competed in the Central League in 1997.

In 1969, under its original name Levin United, the club claimed the world record for Cot Pushing.

Manawatū–Whanganui
Manawatū-Whanganui ([manawaˈtʉː ˈˀwaŋanʉi]; spelled Manawatu-Wanganui prior to 2019) is a region in the lower half of the North Island of New Zealand, whose main population centres are the cities of Palmerston North and Whanganui. It is administered by the Manawatū-Whanganui Regional Council, which operates under the name Horizons Regional Council. The region covers over 22,000 square kilometres (13,670.166 mi), making it the sixth largest region by area in the country and is home to 261,100 residents.
Coe Fen
Coe Fen is a semi-rural meadowland area to the east of the River Cam in the south of the city of Cambridge, England. It lies at the back of Peterhouse (one of the University of Cambridge colleges) to the north, the Fitzwilliam Museum, and The Leys School to the south. The fen is straddled by the Fen Causeway (A1134 road) across the Cam. There is also a footbridge at the back of The Leys School to the south and Crusoe Bridge is just north of the Fen Causeway Bridge.

The area is very bucolic considering its closeness to the centre of Cambridge and cows graze the grassland here. Walking and cycling is pleasant in the area and in the summer there is punting on the river.

On the opposite (west) side of the river is Sheep's Green, and Sheep's Green and Coe Fen is a Local Nature Reserve.

Punt (boat)
A punt is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers and shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt; the punter propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. Punts were originally built as cargo boats and as platforms for fowling and for fishing, such as angling; whereas now punting is boating for pleasure.

The term punt also refers to smaller versions of regional types of long shore work boats, such as the Deal galley punt, a square-sterned, lapstrake open-boat rigged with a single dipping lugsail, used for salvage and rescue work off a beach. In coastal communities, punt refers to any small clinker-built, open-stem, general-purpose boat. In Canada, the term punt refers to any small, flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, regardless of navigational purpose, building material, or means of propulsion. In Australia, the term punt is used to refer to cable ferries. In Maine, Punt can be used interchangeably with dinghy.
2010 Australian Film Institute Awards
The 52nd Annual Australian Film Institute Awards ceremony, presented by the Australian Film Institute (AFI), honoured the best Australian films of 2010 and took place on 11 December 2010 at the Regent Theatre, in Melbourne, Victoria.

On 27 October 2010, the Australian Film Institute announced the nominees competing for awards in forty-eight categories, including feature film, television, short film and documentaries. Animal Kingdom received eighteen nominations, the most of any film in the awards' history. On the awards night, Animal Kingdom picked up the most awards - ten in total - including Best Film.

Regent Theatre, Melbourne
The Regent Theatre is an historic former picture palace built in 1929, closed in 1970, and restored and reopened in 1996 as a live theatre in Collins Street, in the city of Melbourne, Australia. It is one of six city theatres collectively known as Melbourne's East End Theatre District. Designed by Cedric Heise Ballantyne in an ornately palatial  style, with a Gothic style lobby, Louis XVI style auditorium, and the Spanish Baroque style Plaza Ballroom in the basement, it is listed by the National Trust of Australia and is on the Victorian Heritage Register.
Long Branch (Salt River tributary)
Long Branch is a stream in Boone, Audrain and Monroe counties of the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Salt River within the waters of Mark Twain Lake.

The stream source is in northeast Boone County about 1.5 miles west of Centralia at 39°12′31″N 92°10′16″W﻿ / ﻿39.20861°N 92.17111°W﻿ / 39.20861; -92.17111. The stream flows generally north through western Audrain County and into southwestern Monroe County just west of the community of Tulip. The stream turns east and generally follows the Audrain-Monroe county line for approximately 17 miles. Then the stream turn north and passes west of Santa Fe for about 3.5 miles to its confluence with the Salt River, at 39°24′10″N 91°49′17″W﻿ / ﻿39.40278°N 91.82139°W﻿ / 39.40278; -91.82139.

Long Branch was so named on account of its relatively long length.

Boone County, Missouri
Boone County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. Centrally located the state's Mid-Missouri region, its county seat is in Columbia, which is Missouri's fourth-largest city and location of the University of Missouri. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the county's population was listed as 183,610, making it the state's eighth-most populous county or county equivalent. The county was organized November 16, 1820, removed from the former larger Howard County (now to the northwest) of the old federal Missouri Territory of 1812-1821, and named for the famous Western explorer and settler of Kentucky, then recently deceased Daniel Boone (1734-1820), whose kin largely populated the Boonslick area, having arrived in the 1810s on the Boone's Lick Road.

Boone County comprises the Columbia Metropolitan Area. The towns of Ashland and Centralia are the second and third most populous towns in the county.
Hussein Abdul-Raof
Hussein Abdul-Raof is a professor of linguistics and translation studies at Taibah University in Saudi Arabia. His works focus on Arabic and Qur'anic linguistics and rhetoric, as well as Qur'anic studies and textual analysis of the Qur'an.

Quranic studies
Quranic studies is the academic study of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. Like in biblical studies, the field uses and applies a diverse set of disciplines and methods, such as philology, textual criticism, lexicography, codicology, literary criticism, comparative religion, and historical criticism.

Quranic studies has three primary goals. The first goal is to understand the original meaning, sources, history of revelation, and the history of the recording and transmission, of the Quran. The second is to trace how the Quran was received by people, including how it was understood and interpreted (exegesis), throughout the centuries. The third is a study and appreciation of the Quran as literature independently of the other two goals.
Torreglia
Torreglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian Veneto region, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Venice and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 5,978 and an area of 18.8 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi).

Torreglia borders the following municipalities: Abano Terme, Galzignano Terme, Montegrotto Terme, Teolo. The 16th century Villa dei Vescovi, Luvigliano is located in this territory.

Galzignano Terme
Galzignano Terme (Venetian: Galsignán) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Venice and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Padua.
The Rough Guide to Bhangra (2010 album)
The Rough Guide to Bhangra is a world music compilation album originally released in 2010. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the release features bhangra, a form of Punjabi music. Disc One highlights artists from the 1980s to 2000s, and Disc Two features the British band Achanak. The album was compiled by DJ Ritu, a British-born musician, BBC Radio 3 host, and co-founder of Outcaste Records. Brad Haynes coordinated the project, Laurence Cedar mastered the work, and Phil Stanton was the producer. The release was preceded by a first edition a decade earlier.

The album features artists from India, Pakistan, England, and Scotland.

Music of Punjab
The music of Punjab reflects the traditions of the Punjab region associated with Punjabi language. Punjab is region of the Indian subcontinent currently divided into two parts: eastern Punjab, in India and western Punjab in Pakistan. The Punjab has diverse styles of music, ranging from folk and Sufi to classical, notably the Patiala gharana. Contemporary Punjabi music has tended to include more modern hip-hop and R&B sounds. While this style of music is most popular in Punjab, it has seen popularity across the subcontinent and areas with large Punjabi diaspora populations, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Eye for Eye (film)
Eye for Eye is 1918 American silent drama film directed by Albert Capellani. It was produced by Richard A. Rowland and Alla Nazimova and distributed by Metro Pictures. Nazimova is also the star in a production scripted by June Mathis. A trailer of the film is currently held in the Library of Congress, and evidence has arisen that a copy may exist in Gosfilmofond in Russia.

June Mathis
June Mathis (born June Beulah Hughes, January 30, 1887 – July 26, 1927) was an American screenwriter. Mathis was the first female executive for Metro/MGM and at only 35, she was the highest paid executive in Hollywood.  In 1926 she was voted the third most influential woman in Hollywood, behind Mary Pickford and Norma Talmadge. Mathis is best remembered for discovering Rudolph Valentino and writing such films as The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921), and Blood and Sand (1922).
Koszki
Koszki [ˈkɔʂkʲi] (Belarusian: Кошкі, Podlachian: Kôški) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orla, within Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

It is in one of five Polish/Belarusian bilingual Gmina in Podlaskie Voivodeship regulated by the Act of 6 January 2005 on National and Ethnic Minorities and on the Regional Languages, which permits certain gminas with significant linguistic minorities to introduce a second, auxiliary language to be used in official contexts alongside Polish.

Bielsk County
Bielsk County (Polish: powiat bielski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bielsk Podlaski, which lies 39 kilometres (24 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok. The only other town in the county is Brańsk, lying 25 km (16 mi) west of Bielsk Podlaski.

The county covers an area of 1,385.2 square kilometres (534.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 54,590, out of which the population of Bielsk Podlaski is 25,290, that of Brańsk is 3,767, and the rural population is 25,533.
Siege mentality
In sociology, siege mentality is a shared feeling of victimization and defensiveness—a term derived from the actual experience of military defences of real sieges. It is a collective state of mind in which a group of people believe themselves constantly attacked, oppressed, or isolated in the face of the negative intentions of the rest of the world. Although a group phenomenon, the term describes both the emotions and thoughts of the group as a whole, and as individuals.
The result is a state of being overly fearful of surrounding peoples, and an intractably defensive attitude.

The related term bunker mentality may be used in the context of businesses facing competition or downsizing, with a similar paradigm applying to some religious groups.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Catalan pronunciation: [luspitəˈlɛd də ʎuβɾəˈɣat; ˌlɔs-]; Spanish: Hospitalet de Llobregat), often shortened to L'Hospitalet or just L'H, is a city and municipality in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain. It is part of the Barcelona metropolitan area, the Barcelona province, the Barcelonès comarca and of the Barcelona conurbation. With a population of 282,299 as of 2024, it is the 15th-largest city in Spain and the 2nd-largest city in Catalonia.

By population, it is the second largest municipality in Catalonia and the sixteenth in Spain. It is one of the most densely populated cities in the European Union.

Barcelonès
Barcelonès (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɾsəluˈnɛs]) is the most populated comarca of Catalonia, Spain. It contains Barcelona, which is the capital of Catalonia and of the comarca itself, and four adjacent inner suburbs.

Notwithstanding, the comarca does not have a governing comarcal council; it was dissolved in 2019. Its functions had been and are superseded by the Metropolitan Council of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (AMB), which include representatives from municipalities further outside the comarca itself. All combined, Barcelonès municipalities send 39 councilors out of the Metropolitan Council's 90, making up more than 43% of the council voting power.
Mustafa Baki Ersoy
Mustafa Baki Ersoy (born April 3, 1981 in Kütahya) is a Turkish economist and politician. He has been a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for Kayseri from the Nationalist Movement Party since 2018.

Kütahya
Kütahya (Turkish pronunciation: [cyˈtahja]) is a city in western Turkey which lies on the Porsuk River, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the seat of Kütahya Province and Kütahya District. Its population is 263,863 (2022). The region of Kütahya has large areas of gentle slopes with agricultural land culminating in high mountain ridges to the north and west.
Ratan Lal Joshi
Ratan Lal Joshi (1922–2006) was an Indian independence activist, journalist, writer . Born on 28 June 1922 at Churu, a desert city then in Bikaner State. Joshi was involved with the Indian freedom struggle from the age of 18 and suffered incarceration during the Quit India movement. Choosing journalism as a career, he joined Harijan weekly founded by Mahatma Gandhi and trained under the then chief editor, Kishorelal Bhai Mashrulawa. Later, he worked at several publishing houses and edited journals such as Bhai-Bahin, Samaj Sewak, Veer Bhoomi, Rajasthan, Rajasthan Samaj, and Kul Lakshmi. Lal kile main, Krantikari Prer ne Ke Srot and Mrityunjayee are three books published by him.

Churu, Rajasthan
Churu is a city in the Sekhawati region of Rajasthan state of India. It is known as the gateway to the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarter of Churu District. It lies in the Thar Desert on the National Highway 52 connecting Sangrur to Ankola and is a junction station on the railway line to Bikaner. It is near the shifting sand dunes of the Thar Desert and has grand havelis with marvelous fresco paintings, namely Kanhaiya Lal Bagla Ki Haweli and Surana Haweli, with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine Chhatris. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of Sadhus where there are life-size marble statues of their deities and a place for prayers. At the center of the town is a fort built about 500 years ago.
National Academy of History of Argentina
The National Academy of History of the Argentine Republic (Spanish: Academia Nacional de la Historia de la República Argentina) is a non-profit learned society established to foster the study and dissemination of Argentine history.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Hilferty
Hilferty is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel J. Hilferty (born 1956), American businessman

Robert Hilferty (1959–2009), American journalist, filmmaker and AIDS activist

Stephanie Hilferty (born 1985), American politician

Susan Hilferty (born 1953), American costume designer

Susan Hilferty
Susan Hilferty is an American costume designer and scenic designer for theatre, opera, and dance. She has 27 Broadway credits, and has received six Tony Award nominations for costume design, winning in 2004 for Wicked.