hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Presystolic murmur
A presystolic murmur, also called presystolic accentuation, is a type of diastolic heart murmur typically associated with the opening snap in mitral valve stenosis.  It is heard following the middiastolic rumble of the stenotic valve, during the diastasis phase, making it a "late diastolic" murmur.

The murmur is heard due to antegrade flow of blood through a progressively narrowing mitral opening during the end of the atrial systole. This antegrade flow through the mitral valve before it completely closes appears to be the result of a pressure gradient at the end of diastole. As its name indicates, the presystolic murmur is heard before the mitral valve produces the S1 heart sound.

Less often, a presystolic murmur can be heard when a right atrial myxoma causes a tricuspid valve obstruction to blood flow.

Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, called systole. After emptying, the heart relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood returning from the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting.

Assuming a healthy heart and a typical rate of 70 to 75 beats per minute, each cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, takes about 0.8 second to complete the cycle. Duration of the cardiac cycle is inversely proportional to the heart rate.
Michelle Dillon
Michelle Dillon (born 24 May 1973 in Wembley, England) is a retired British triathlete.

Dillon's first Olympic triathlon was at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was one of the three British athletes, along with Sian Brice and Andrew Johns, not to finish the competition. Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Dillon finished in sixth place with a time of 2:06:00.77.

Before turning to the triathlon, she was a runner, competing for Australia at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.

Michelle has been a coach for many triathletes including Stuart Hayes and Emma Pallant.  She returned to competitive sport on 3 April 2016 coming second in the British Duathlon Championships. In 2018 she became 45-49F World Triathlon Champion on the Gold Coast.

1994 Commonwealth Games
The 1994 Commonwealth Games (French: XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth) were held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, between 18 and 28 August 1994. It was the 15th Commonwealth Games. These were the fourth and most recent Commonwealth Games to be hosted by Canada, after Hamilton 1930, Vancouver 1954, and Edmonton 1978.

The Games featured ten sports: athletics, aquatics (diving and swimming), badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting and wrestling. Judo which had replaced wrestling in 1990 was dropped in favour of wrestling returning, the latter being dropped from the Games for the first time in 1990.
Jermaine Rivers
Jermaine Lateef Rivers (born September 22, 1973) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Shatter on Fox/Marvel's television series The Gifted. He is also notable for his role as Officer Carter in the Lifetime Channel television series Devious Maids. He also made appearances in Tyler Perry's If Loving You is Wrong (2016) and The Haves and the Have Nots (2018). In 2025, for six-months, he appeared on The Young and the Restless as Damian Kane.

Devious Maids season 4
The fourth and final season of the American television comedy-drama series Devious Maids was ordered on September 24, 2015. Filming began January 14, 2016, with episode titles being cleaning puns. It consisted of 10 episodes, airing from June 6 through August 8, 2016.
Xavier Lyceum, Guatemala
Xavier Lyceum (Spanish: Liceo Javier) is a private Catholic preschool, primary and secondary school located in the City of Guatemala. The school was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1952 as a boys only school, and became co-educational in 2000. The school includes preschool through baccalaureate in science and in literature.

Spanish Baccalaureate
The Spanish Baccalaureate (Spanish: Bachillerato, pronounced [batʃiʎeˈɾato] ⓘ) is the post-16 stage of education in Spain, comparable to the A Levels in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Highers in Scotland, the French Baccalaureate in France or the International Baccalaureate. It follows the ESO (compulsory stage of secondary education). After taking the Bachillerato, a student may enter vocational training (Higher-level Training Cycles, Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior) or take the "PAU" (also commonly known as "PEvAU" or "Selectividad") exams in order to be admitted into a public university.

There are two parts, a core curriculum with the compulsory subjects ("fase de acceso") and a specialist part ("fase de admisión") with a number of pre-selected branches to choose from. The latter of these is technically optional, however reaching the necessary grade is significantly harder or impossible to achieve.
Katherine Bayley's School
Katherine Bayley's School (also known as Mrs. Bayley's Charity School) was a school for boys (and, initially, girls) in Coventry, England, established in 1733.

The school was created and endowed thanks to a bequest "to be devoted to the education of children in reading, writing and accounting" from Katherine Bayley, who died aged 52 on 20 February 1730. Her executor Francis Blythe used the money to establish the school, which he named after her.

It originally operated in a house near Drapers' Hall, but in 1822 moved into Bayley's former home on Little Park St. A new building was added in 1842. The school closed in 1889.

Documents relating to the school are preserved in Coventry Archives.

Drapers' Hall, Coventry
Drapers' Hall is a historic building (Grade II* listed) in the Cathedral Quarter of Coventry built in 1832 by the Drapers' Company, a large trading guild in Coventry. 
The present building is believed to the third guildhall on the site.
20th Parliament of Ontario
The 20th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from October 6, 1937, until June 30, 1943, just prior to the 1943 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Liberal Party led by Mitchell Hepburn.

In 1938, the title "Member of Provincial Parliament", abbreviated as "MPP", was officially adopted by the members of the legislative assembly.

Hepburn resigned as Premier in October 1942, remaining party leader, and Gordon Daniel Conant became Premier. In 1943, Harry Nixon became both party leader and Premier after a leadership convention was held for the provincial Liberal party.

Norman Otto Hipel served as speaker for the assembly until September 2, 1938. James Howard Clark replaced Hipel as speaker.

Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)
Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is the title of an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of Ontario. Elsewhere in Canada, the titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" has also been used to refer to members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1791 to 1838, and to members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1955 to 1968.
Alfonso Marina
Alfonso Marina (August 5, 1930 – May 27, 2004) was an American soccer player who spent his career in the American Soccer League, earned one cap with the U.S. national team, and was a member of the 1956 Olympic soccer team.

Marina earned one cap with the U.S. national team in a 3–2 loss to Iceland on August 25, 1955.  Marina was then selected for the 1956 U.S. Olympic soccer team.  The U.S. had a successful tour of Asia before the games, winning five and losing three.  However, the games proved anticlimactic when the U.S. lost, 9–1, to Yugoslavia in the first round.  At the time of the games, he played for Brooklyn Hispano in the American Soccer League.

Marina died in Long Island, New York on May 27, 2004, at the age of 73.

United States at the 1956 Summer Olympics
The United States competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. 297 competitors, 251 men and 46 women, took part in 139 events in 18 sports. It was the last Olympics in which the athletes marched under the 48-star flag.
Die verwandelten Weiber
Die verwandelten Weiber, oder Der Teufel ist los, erster Teil (The Metamorphosed Wives, or The Devil to Pay, Part 1) is a three-act German: comische Oper by the German composer Johann Adam Hiller, incorporating 14 musical numbers from the popular farce Der Teufel ist los by Johann Georg Standfuß.

The libretto was by Christian Felix Weiße (1726–1804) based on the ballad opera The Devil to Pay, or The Wives Metamorphos'd by Charles Coffey (1731), and an opéra comique text by Michel-Jean Sedaine using the same material.

Johann Adam Hiller
Johann Adam Hiller (25 December 1728 – 16 June 1804) was a German composer, conductor and writer on music, regarded as the creator of the Singspiel, an early form of German opera. In many of these operas he collaborated with the poet Christian Felix Weiße.

Hiller was a teacher who encouraged musical education for women, his pupils including Elisabeth Mara and Corona Schröter. He was Kapellmeister of Abel Seyler's theatrical company, and became the first Kapellmeister of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.
2024 Netball Nations Cup
The 2024 Vitality Netball Nations Cup was an international netball series hosted and organised by England Netball. It featured England, Australia, New Zealand and Uganda in a series, played in January 2024. The series was played over two successive weekends. The first weekend was played at London's OVO Arena Wembley while the second weekend was played at Leeds's First Direct Arena. The tournament effectively replaced the Netball Quad Series for 2024. South Africa opted out of taking part and were subsequently replaced by Uganda.

With a team coached by Stacey Marinkovich and captained by Liz Watson, Australia won the series after defeating England 69–49 in the final. Australia finished the series undefeated, winning all four matches, and Paige Hadley was named the series MVP. The series was broadcast live on Sky Sports in the United Kingdom and Ireland, on Sky Sport in New Zealand, on Fox Sports in Australia and on YouTube.

Stacey Marinkovich
Stacey Marinkovich (born 25 February 1981), previously known as Stacey Rosman, is a former Australian netball player and current netball coach. During the Commonwealth Bank Trophy era she played for Queensland Firebirds and Perth Orioles. In the ANZ Championship era she played for West Coast Fever. She captained both Orioles and Fever. After retiring as a player, Rosman became a coach. In 2014 she was appointed head coach of West Coast Fever. In 2018 she guided Fever to their first ever grand final. She was subsequently named Joyce Brown Coach of the Year. In 2020 Rosman, now Marinkovich, was appointed head coach of the Australia national netball team.
Khawar
Khawar is a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Abdullah Ghanim Khawar, Qatari national and Qatar-based terrorist financier

Ayub Khawar, Pakistani poet, author, and television director

Rafi Khawar (1942–1986), aka Nanha, Pakistani actor and comedian

Given name:

Khawar Ali (born 1985), Pakistani-born cricketer

Bushra Khawar Maneka (born 1971), Pakistani faith healer and politician

Khawar Mumtaz (born 1945), Pakistani women's rights activist, feminist author, university professor

Khawar Qureshi, British barrister and international lawyer

Khawar Rizvi (1938–1981), Pakistani poet and scholar of Urdu and Persian

Syed Khawar Ali Shah, Pakistani politician

Khawar Qureshi
Khawar Mehmood Qureshi KC is a British barrister and international lawyer. He is known for his involvement in numerous high-profile cases, including the recent cases of Philomena Mwilu and Kulbhushan Jadhav.

In 2013, he was appointed a deputy High Court judge, specializing in civil and commercial disputes. He has appeared in the English courts, as well as complex international arbitration and commercial matters for and against more than sixty governments, including the USA, Russian Federation, India, Kazakhstan and Uganda. From 2010-2015, he was Chairman of The City UK Legal Services Group. During his career he has undertaken extensive pro bono work and advised leading charities such as UNICEF and War Child (charity).
Nightsongs (Stars album)
Nightsongs is the first album by Canadian indie rock band Stars, released in 2001 on Le Grand Magistery. At this time, Stars consisted only of Torquil Campbell and Chris Seligman, although both Amy Millan and Emily Haines of Metric make appearances.  There is also a very rare vinyl pressing of the record on the Japanese label Syft, which has since gone out of business. The vinyl pressing also has 2 additional tracks ("Friend's Father's Mother" and "Angeline") not featured on the CD version.

Le Grand Magistery
Le Grand Magistery is an independent record label operating out of Bloomfield Hills in the U.S. state of Michigan since 1996. They have been home to a number of artists including a Cuckoo, a Girl Called Eddy, Always, Baxendale, the Blood Group, Cinéma Vérité, Computer Perfection, Flare, Kahimi Karie, le Concorde, Mascott, Memphis, Momus, Moose, Mr. Wright, the Music Lovers, PAS/CAL, Louis Philippe, the Push Kings, Scarboro Aquarium Club, the Secret History, Mike Sheldon, Stars, and Toog.
Coumestan
Coumestan is a heterocyclic organic compound.  Coumestan forms the central core of a variety of natural compounds known collectively as coumestans.  Coumestans are oxidation products of pterocarpan that are similar to coumarin.  Coumestans, including coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, are found in a variety of plants. Food sources high in coumestans include split peas, pinto beans, lima beans, and especially alfalfa and clover sprouts.

Coumestrol has a similar binding affinity for the ER-β estrogen receptor as 17β-estradiol, but much less affinity than 17α-estradiol, although the estrogenic potency of coumestrol at both receptors is much less than that of 17β-estradiol.

Because of the estrogenic activity of some coumestans, a variety of syntheses have been developed that allow the preparation of coumestans so that their pharmacological effects can be explored.

Coumarin
Coumarin (/ˈkuːmərɪn/) or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula C9H6O2.  Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring −(CH)=(CH)−(C=O)−O−, forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to the benzopyrone chemical class and is considered a lactone.

Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste. It is found in many plants, where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. While coumarin is not an anticoagulant, its 3-alkyl-4-hydroxy derivatives, such as the fungal metabolite dicoumarol, inhibit synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting. A related compound, the prescription drug anticoagulant warfarin, is used to inhibit formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.
Duchy of Naples
The Duchy of Naples (Latin: Ducatus Neapolitanus, Neapolitan: Ducato di Napule) began as a Byzantine province in Southern Europe that was constituted in the seventh century, in the lands roughly corresponding to the current province of Naples that the Lombards had not conquered during their invasion of Italy in the sixth century.

It was governed by a military commander (dux), and rapidly became a de facto independent state, lasting more than five centuries during the Early and High Middle Ages. Naples remains a significant metropolitan city in present-day Italy.

Metropolitan cities of Italy
The 15 metropolitan cities of Italy (Italian: città metropolitane d'Italia) are administrative divisions of Italy, operative since 2015, which are a special type of province. The metropolitan city, as defined by law, includes a large core city and the surrounding suburbs and countryside closely related to it by economic activities and essential public services, as well as to cultural relations and to territorial features.
Aix-sur-Cloie
Aix-sur-Cloie (Luxembourgish: Esch-op-der-Huurt;, Walloon: Yache-so-Cloye) is a village of Wallonia in the municipality of Aubange, district of Halanzy, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.

A bronze bracelet from the fourth century BC found in Aix-sur-Cloie and currently in the archaeological museum in Arlon indicates that there has been a settlement in the area since prehistoric times. Today the village contains several buildings from the 18th century, as well as several calvary sculptures.

Arlon
Arlon (French pronunciation: [aʁlɔ̃] ⓘ; Walloon: Årlon; Dutch: Aarlen [ˈaːrlə(n)] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Arel [ˈaːʀəl] ⓘ) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, and the capital of the province of Luxembourg in Lorraine, Belgium. With a population of just over 28,000, it is the smallest provincial capital in Belgium. 
Arlon is also the capital of its cultural region: the Arelerland (Land of Arlon in Luxembourgish).

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Arlon proper, Autelbas, Bonnert, Guirsch, Heinsch, and Toernich. Other population centers include: Autelhaut, Clairefontaine, Fouches, Frassem, Freylange, Hachy, Heckbous, Rosenberg, Sampont, Schoppach, Sesselich, Seymerich, Stehnen, Sterpenich, Stockem, Udange, Viville, Waltzing,  Weyler, and Wolberg.
Bombing of Marburg
The bombing of Marburg was a series of American aerial bombing attacks on the city of Marburg, Germany, during World War II. A total of thirteen air raids were carried out by the United States Army Air Forces in 1940 and between 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of strategic bombing of Germany. However, unlike nearby Giessen, Siegen and Frankfurt, the city itself escaped major damage.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Henry B. Cowles
Henry Booth Cowles (March 18, 1798 – May 17, 1873) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Cowles moved with his father to Dutchess County, New York, in 1809.
He was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1816.
He studied law.
He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Putnam County.
He served as member of the State assembly 1826–1828.

Cowles was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831).
He moved to New York City in 1834 and practiced law until his death there on May 17, 1873.
He was interred in Rhinebeck Cemetery, Rhinebeck, New York.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Gerald Kember
Gerald Francis Kember (15 November 1945 – 2 October 2024) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A fullback and second five-eighth, Kember represented Wellington at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1967 to 1970. He played 19 matches for the All Blacks including one international.

Kember was educated at Nelson College from 1959 to 1963, playing in the 1st XV rugby team in 1962 and 1963, and the 1st XI cricket team from 1960 to 1963. He captained both teams in 1963. Kember died on 2 October 2024, at the age of 78.

Nelson College
Nelson College is the oldest state secondary school in New Zealand, a feat achieved in part thanks to its original inception as a private school. It is an all-boys school in the City of Nelson that teaches from years 9 to 13. In addition, it runs a private preparatory school for year 7 and 8 boys. The school also has places for boarders, who live in two boarding houses adjacent to the main school buildings on the same campus.

A Nelson College old boy, Charles Monro, was instrumental in introducing the game of rugby into New Zealand.
Claude Ake
Claude Ake (18 February 1939 in Omoku – 7 November 1996) was a Nigerian political scientist from Omoku, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Ake (pronounced AH-kay) was considered "one of Africa's foremost political philosophers." He specialized in political economy, political theory, and development studies and is well known for his research on development and democracy in Africa. He was professor of political economy and dean of the University of Port Harcourt's Faculty of Social Sciences for some years in the 1970s and 1980s after having taught at Columbia University, where he earned his  Ph.D. in 1966. He held various academic positions at institutions around the world, including at Yale University (United States), University of Nairobi (Kenya), University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) and University of Port Harcourt (Nigeria). He was active in Nigerian politics, a critic of corruption and authoritarian rule in Africa. His permanent home was in Port Harcourt.

University of Dar es Salaam
The University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam) is a public university located in Ubungo District, in the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. It was established in 1961 as an affiliate college of the University of London and became an affiliate of the University of East Africa (UEA) in 1963, shortly after Tanganyika gained its independence from the United Kingdom. In 1970, UEA split into three independent universities: Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the current University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.
Battle of Sondani
The Battle of Sondani was a large military encounter fought in 528 CE, between the Alchon Hun king Mihirakula and a confederation of Indian rulers led by King Yashodharman of Malwa and King Narasimhagupta of the Gupta Empire.

Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).