hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tabas (air defense system)
The Tabas (Persian: طبس) missile system is an Iranian medium range road-mobile aerial defense system that was first revealed on 11 May 2014. It is believed to be another version of the Ra'ad air defense system along with Sevom Khordad. The name of the air defense system refers to Operation Eagle Claw which took place at Tabas and hence the name of the missile system.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Néos Philopátōr "Ptolemy the Father-loving [God]") was, ostensibly, a Ptolemaic king of Egypt. His identity and reign are controversial, and it is likely that he did not reign at all, but was only granted royal dignity posthumously. Depending on the historical reconstruction, he was a son of Cleopatra II of Egypt by either Ptolemy VI Philometor or Ptolemy VIII Physcon, with current scholarship leaning toward the second option.

Historical reconstruction
Historical reconstruction is  the recreation of past lives, events, and objects of a particular moment in time in the past. As an academic discipline, historical reconstruction is a practice of creating a coherent narrative about the past by analyzing historical data from diverse sources. The whole study of history may be viewed as "an exercise in interpretative historical reconstruction". Historical reconstruction may be used as an educational tool in schools.

Examples of historical reconstruction include experimental archaeology, historical reenactment and living museums (skansens, ethnographic villages).
Aaron Samuel Tamares
Aaron Samuel Tamares (Hebrew: אהרן שמואל תמרת, Aharon Shmuel Tamares, sometimes Tamaret; 1869–1931) was an Ashkenazi Orthodox Rabbi, author, and philosopher, most notable for voicing a pacifist opposition to the mainstream Zionist movement. He often wrote under the pen name Aḥad ha-Rabanim ha-Margishim ("one of the feeling rabbis").

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Alfred (play)
Alfred is a 1778 tragedy by the British writer John Home. His final play it was not as well-received as his earlier efforts and he retired from playwriting.

The original Covent Garden cast included William Thomas Lewis as Alfred, Thomas Hull as Edwin, John Whitfield as Earl of Surrey, Francis Aickin as Hinguar, Ann Street Barry as Ethelswida. The epilogue was written by David Garrick.

Francis Aickin
Francis Aickin (died 1805),  was an Irish actor, who worked at the Edinburgh Theatre in Scotland, and between 1765 and 1792 in theatres in the West End of London.

Francis Aickin first appeared in London in 1765 as Dick Amlet in John Vanbrugh's The Confederacy at Drury Lane.  He acted there, and at Covent Garden, until 1792.  His repertory consisted of over eighty characters, and among his best parts were the Ghost in Hamlet and Jaques in As You Like It. His success in impassioned declamatory roles obtained for him the nickname of "Tyrant".
History of the Jews in Cincinnati
The history of the Jews in Cincinnati occupies a prominent place in the development of Jewish secular and religious life in the United States.  Cincinnati is not only the oldest Jewish community west of the Allegheny Mountains but has also been an institutional center of American Reform Judaism for more than a century.  The Israelite, the oldest American Jewish newspaper still (2019) being published, began publication in Cincinnati in 1854.: 271

Cincinnati metropolitan area
The Cincinnati metropolitan area (also known as the Cincinnati Tri-State area or Greater Cincinnati) is a metropolitan area with its core in Ohio and Kentucky. Its largest city is Cincinnati and includes surrounding counties in the U.S. states of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana.

The United States Census Bureau's formal name for the area is the Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the metro area had a population of 2,256,884, making Greater Cincinnati the 30th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States, and the largest metro area in Ohio, followed by Columbus and Cleveland. The Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH–KY–IN Combined Statistical Area, adds Clinton County, Ohio (defined as the Wilmington, OH micropolitan area) and, until 2023, Mason County, Kentucky (defined as the Maysville, KY micropolitan area), was part of the CSA. The Cincinnati metropolitan area is considered part of the Great Lakes megalopolis.
Alabama State Route 169
State Route 169 (SR 169) is a 26.325-mile (42.366 km) state highway that serves as a north-south connection between Opelika and Seale through Lee and Russell Counties. SR 169 intersects US 431 at its southern terminus and SR 51 at its northern terminus.

Seale, Alabama
Seale is an unincorporated community in Russell County, Alabama, United States.  It was the county seat from 1868 until 1935, and is currently home to Russell County High School and middle school.  The former Russell County courthouse, built in 1868, is located in the town.
Leningrad Okrug
The Leningrad Okrug (Russian: Ленингра́дский о́круг) was an okrug that briefly existed within the Leningrad Oblast in the Soviet Union, between 1927 and 1930. It covered the city currently known as Saint Petersburg, which was named Leningrad at the time. On 23 July 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.

Okrug
An okrug is a type of administrative division in some Slavic-speaking states. The word okrug is a loanword in English, alternatively translated as area, district, county, or region.

Etymologically, okrug literally means 'circuit', derived from Proto-Slavic *okrǫgъ, in turn from *ob- "around" + *krǫgъ "circle". In meaning, the word is similar to the German term Bezirk or Kreis ('district') and the French word arrondissement; all of which refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded".
Stewart McClenaghan
Stewart McClenaghan (14 July 1866 – 22 March 1944) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Oxford Mills, Ontario and became a clothing retailer.

The son of William John McClenaghan and Sarah Boyd, he was educated in Ottawa and went into business there.

From 1900 to 1908, he served as a public school trustee. From 1908 to 1911, he was a member of the Collegiate Board. In 1912, he became controller for the city of Ottawa. McClenaghan also served as president of the Liberal-Conservative Association from 1914 to 1918. In 1917, he was president of the Central Canada Exhibition Association.

He was elected to Parliament at the Ottawa (City of) riding in the 1925 general election. After serving his only term, the 15th Canadian Parliament, McClenaghan was defeated in the 1926 election by Edgar-Rodolphe-Eugène Chevrier of the Liberals.

His great-great grandson is actor and model Robbie Amell.

Robbie Amell
Robert Patrick Amell IV (born April 21, 1988) is a Canadian and American actor and producer. He is best known for his roles as Nathan Brown in the Prime Video series Upload (2020–2025), Stephen Jameson on The CW series The Tomorrow People (2013–2014), and Ronnie Raymond / Firestorm on The CW series The Flash (2014–2017, 2022). Other roles include Fred Jones in the films Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins (2009) and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster (2010), The Hunters as Paxton Flynn (2013), The DUFF as Wesley Rush (2015), The Babysitter as Max (2017), and the science fiction film Code 8 as Connor Reed (2019); the latter of which also starred his cousin, Stephen Amell. He also appeared on television shows such as Life with Derek (2006–2008), True Jackson, VP (2008–2011), Unnatural History (2010), and Revenge (2011–2012).
Jerusalem Mill Village
Jerusalem Mill Village is a living history museum that spans the 18th through early 20th centuries. One of the oldest and most intact mill villages in the U.S. state of Maryland, Jerusalem is located in Harford County, along the Little Gunpowder Falls River. It also serves as the headquarters of the Gunpowder Falls State Park.  The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 20, 1987.  Also on the National Register of Historic Places and located nearby are Jericho Farm and the Jericho Covered Bridge.

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
Thanksgiving in New York City
Thanksgiving in New York City is a live album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage.  It contains the complete concert recorded at the Academy of Music in Manhattan at the late show on November 23, 1972.  It was released as a 3-disc LP on November 29, 2019, in a limited edition of 1,800 copies, as part of Record Store Day Black Friday.  It was released as a 2-disc CD on December 6, 2019.

John Dawson (musician)
John Collins Dawson IV (June 16, 1945 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed "Marmaduke", was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He was best known as the leader and co-founder of the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. He sang lead vocals on most of the band's songs.
Chhor, Sindh
Chhor (Sindhi: ڇور) is a town situated in Umerkot District, Sindh, Pakistan. It has an altitude of 4 metres (13 ft). It lies on the Mirpur Khas-Jodhpur railway line. Umarkot is to the west, Sanghar to the north, Khokharapar to the east and Badin and Mithi Districts to the south.  It is the start of the Thar Desert, which further touches the Indian border to the east. The Pakistan Army Desert Warfare School is located here.

Umerkot District
Umerkot District (Dhatki: عمرکوٹ / عمرڪوٽ, Sindhi: عمرڪوٽ ضلعو, Urdu: ضلع عمرکوٹ), also known as Amarkot District, is a district in the southeastern part of Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Umerkot is the capital of the district. Sindhi is the native language of approximately 95.1% of the residents according to the 2023 Pakistani census. According to latest census estimate, the population of district is 1,158,284 (1.15 million). Umerkot is the only non-Muslim majority district in Pakistan, with adherents of Hinduism representing 54.7% of the total population as per 2023 Pakistani census.
A Lesson to Be Learned
A Lesson to Be Learned is the debut studio album by American hip-hop group RBL Posse. It was released on September 16, 1992, through In-A-Minute Records. Produced by member Black C, it features a lone guest appearance from Totally Insane. The album peaked at number 60 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Its single "Don't Give Me No Bammer" made it to number 16 on the Hot Rap Songs chart. In 2023, DJ Fresh released a remix album called A Lesson To Be Learned: Refreshed.

In-A-Minute Records
In-A-Minute Records was a record company founded in 1991 by Jason Blaine. It featured many artists from the underground bay area rap scene including RBL Posse, Andre Nickatina, I.M.P, Pooh-Man, Totally Insane. The label was shut down in 2000.
2019 Rafa Nadal Open Banc Sabadell – Singles
Bernard Tomic was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.

Former world No. 1 Andy Murray played at the tournament and he won his first singles match since hip surgery. In the third round, he lost to Matteo Viola.

Emil Ruusuvuori won the title after defeating Viola 6–0, 6–1 in the final.

Emil Ruusuvuori
Emil Ruusuvuori (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeːmil ˈruːsuˌʋuo̯ri]; born 2 April 1999) is a Finnish professional tennis player. He reached a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 37 on 3 April 2023. He is currently the No. 2 Finnish singles tennis player. He has a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 179 achieved on 2 May 2022.

As a junior, Ruusuvuori was ranked as high as World No. 4 in the ITF combined junior rankings. In 2017, he reached the singles quarterfinals of the Australian Open boys' singles, the singles semifinals of the US Open boys' singles, and won the ITF Junior Masters.

Ruusuvuori has also represented Finland in the Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 5–5. In September 2019, he defeated reigning world number 5 and 2-time Roland Garros finalist Dominic Thiem in straight sets in a Davis Cup singles rubber.
Cyrill Gloor
Cyrill Gloor (born 23 May 1982) is a footballer from Switzerland who currently plays as defender for Old Boys Basel in the Swiss 1. Liga.

Gloor made four appearances in the Nationalliga A for FC Aarau.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Saint-Laurent-de-Trèves
Saint-Laurent-de-Trèves (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ loʁɑ̃ də tʁɛv]; Occitan: Sent Laurenç de Trevas) is a former commune in the Lozère department in southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cans-et-Cévennes.

Lozère
Lozère (French pronunciation: [lɔzɛʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Losera [luˈzeɾɔ]) is a landlocked department in the region of Occitanie in southern France, located near the Massif Central, bounded to the northeast by Haute-Loire, to the east by Ardèche, to the south by Gard, to the west by Aveyron, and the northwest by Cantal. It is named after Mont Lozère. With 76,604 inhabitants as of 2019, Lozère is the least populous French department.
Live Tour (Lorie album)
Live Tour was the name given to French pop singer Lorie's first concert tour. On 25 August 2003 a live recording of the show was released in two versions: a regular, jewel case release containing the CD and a DVD, and a limited edition cardboard box also including an exclusive all-access pass from the concert, five photos from the show in 20x29 cm format and a message written by the popular female singer. The CD booklet in both versions is a fold out poster. On 20 October 2003 a filmed version of the show was released on DVD.

Behind-the-scenes
In filmmaking, behind-the-scenes (BTS), also known as the making-of, the set, or  on the set, is a documentary film that features the production of a film or television program. This is often referred to as the EPK (electronic press kit) video, due to its main usage as a promotional tool, either concurrent with theatrical release or as a bonus feature for the film's DVD or Blu-ray release.
Nils Ušakovs
Nils Ušakovs (Russian: Нил Валерьевич Ушаков, romanized: Nil Valeryevich Ushakov; born 8 June 1976) is a Latvian politician, former mayor of Riga and former journalist. He was the board chairman of the left-wing party alliance Harmony Centre (2005–2014) and afterwards board chairman of the Social Democratic Party "Harmony" (2014–2019). In 2009 Ušakovs was elected the Mayor of Riga, becoming the first ethnic Russian Riga Mayor since Latvia's restoration of sovereignty in 1991, a position he continuously held until his dismissal in 2019.

Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (KNAB; Latvian: Korupcijas novēršanas un apkarošanas birojs) is a specialised anti-corruption authority of Latvia. Its aim is to fight corruption in Latvia in a coordinated and comprehensive way through prevention, investigation and education. KNAB was established October 2002 and has been fully operational since February 2003.

KNAB is an independent public administration institution under the supervision of the Cabinet of Ministers. The supervision is executed by the Prime Minister. It is limited to the control of lawfulness of decisions. KNAB is also a pre-trial investigatory body and has traditional police powers.

KNAB represents Latvia at the GRECO.

The current director of KNAB is Jēkabs Straume (appointed on June 15, 2017). The deputy director on corruption combating matters is Jānis Roze.
Frank Macchia
Frank Macchia (born October 12, 1958) is an American composer, arranger, saxophonist, and multi-reed player in Los Angeles.   Originally from San Francisco he began playing clarinet at age 10 and later studied bassoon, saxophone and flute. At 14 he began studying musical composition and writing jazz and classical music pieces. He is known for his large catalog of eclectic and virtuosic original compositions spanning jazz, classical, Cajun, Americana, experimental, New Age, Spoken Word, and jazz-fusion styles as well as his extensive work as a composer and orchestrator for live television and television and film soundtracks. Macchia has been noted for his jazz and orchestral arrangements of traditional American folk songs.

Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella
The Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement (and its subsequent name changes) has been awarded since 1963.  The award is presented to the arranger(s) of the music. Only songs or tracks are eligible, no longer works (e.g. albums). The performing artist does not receive a Grammy, except if they are also the arranger.

There have been several minor changes to the name of the award:

From 1963 to 1981 the award was known as Best Instrumental Arrangement

From 1982 to 1983 it was awarded as  Best Arrangement on an Instrumental Recording

From 1984 to 1994 it was awarded as Best Arrangement on an Instrumental

From 1995 to 2014 it was again awarded as Best Instrumental Arrangement

Since 2015 it has been awarded as Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella, which also includes vocal arrangements for a cappella performances.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
Archery at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's double York round
The men's double York round event was part of the archery programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. The event was held on 20 September 1904 at Francis Field. There were 16 competitors. George Bryant won the gold medal (completing a double with the double American round event), with Robert Williams taking silver and William Thompson earning bronze.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
Lost Man Lake
Lost Man Lake is an alpine lake in Pitkin County, Colorado, United States, located high in the Sawatch Range in the Hunter-Fryingpan Wilderness of White River National Forest.  The lake is accessible via the Lost Man Loop Trail from State Highway 82 west of Independence Pass. The lake is over a pass and north of Independence Lake and northeast of Geissler Mountain. 
Lost Man Lake is larger than Independence, but only its east side is open. The trail continues by the lake into high alpine meadows in the upper valley, and to its west terminus at Lost Man Campground. Views down Lost Man Creek valley are worth a look, and a great place to scan high slopes and ridges for mountain goats, bighorn sheep and elk.

It is a moderate half day hike. Depending on snowpack and weather, the lake may still be frozen in July.

Hunter–Fryingpan Wilderness
The Hunter–Fryingpan Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area located in White River National Forest east of Aspen, Colorado.  The 82,026-acre (331.95 km2) wilderness established in 1978 includes the headwaters of Hunter Creek and the Fryingpan River plus many peaks of the Williams Mountains.  It borders on the Mount Massive Wilderness to the east, separated only by the continental divide. There are 50 miles (80 km) of trails in the wilderness area.
Chagan Lake (China)
Chagan Lake (Chinese: 查干湖; pinyin: chágān hú) is a lake in Jilin, China. The name "Chagan" is from Mongolian (ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ, transliteration: Chaɣan naɣur, Cyrillic Mongolian: цагаан нуур, transliteration MNS: tsagaan nuur), meaning white / pure lake). It is often referred to as the Sacred Lake or Holy Water Lake (simplified Chinese: 圣水湖; traditional Chinese: 聖水湖; pinyin: shèngshuǐ hú) by local people. The lake is known for its traditional winter fishing, featuring a technique which dates back to prehistoric times.

Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet
The Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (Mongolian: Монгол Кирилл үсэг, Mongol Kirill üseg or Кирилл цагаан толгой, Kirill tsagaan tolgoi) is one of the two writing systems used for the standard dialect of the Mongolian language in the modern state of Mongolia. It has a largely more phonemic orthography, meaning that there is a fairer degree of consistency in the representation of individual sounds, compared to the traditional Mongolian script, which is still used in the Inner Mongolia region of China, and is also co-official in the modern state of Mongolia.