hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Paris (845)
The siege of Paris of 845 was the culmination of a Viking invasion of West Francia. The Viking forces were led by a Norse chieftain named "Reginherus", or Ragnar, who tentatively has been identified with the legendary saga character Ragnar Lodbrok. Reginherus's fleet of 120 Viking ships, carrying thousands of warriors, entered the Seine in March and sailed up the river.

King Charles the Bald assembled a smaller army in response, but after the Vikings defeated one division, comprising half of the army, the remaining forces retreated. The Vikings reached Paris at the end of the month, during Easter. They plundered and occupied the city, withdrawing after Charles paid a ransom of 7,000 French livres [2,570 kg (83,000 ozt)] in gold and silver.

French livre
The livre (abbreviation: £ or ₶., French for libra (pound)) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor states of Francia and West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of coins and of units of account.
Convex cone
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone to distinguish it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a real vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is,  is a cone if  implies  for every positive scalar . This is a broad generalization of the standard cone in Euclidean space.

A convex cone is a cone that is also closed under addition, or, equivalently, a subset of a vector space that is closed under linear combinations with positive coefficients. It follows that convex cones are convex sets.

The definition of a convex cone makes sense in a vector space over any ordered field, although the field of real numbers is used most often.

Closure (mathematics)
In mathematics, a subset of a larger set is closed under a given operation on the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. For example, the natural numbers are closed under addition, but not under subtraction: 1 − 2 is not a natural number, although both 1 and 2 are.

Similarly, a subset is said to be closed under a collection of operations if it is closed under each of the operations individually.

The closure of a subset is the result of a closure operator applied to the subset. The closure of a subset under some operations is the smallest superset that is closed under these operations. It is often called the span (for example linear span) or the generated set.
Tabatchnick
Tabatchnick (/təˈbætʃnɪk/ tə-BATCH-nik) is a soup manufacturer based in Somerset, New Jersey, USA. It was founded by Louis Tabatchnick of Newark, New Jersey. He started a chain of restaurants in 1895, followed by the company in 1905.

Somerset, New Jersey
Somerset is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Franklin Township, in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP's population was 22,083.

Somerset housed one of the first Marconi Wireless Stations in the United States.
Open hatch bulk carrier
Open hatch bulk carriers, often referred to as OHBCs or conbulkers, are specialized bulk carriers designed to offer direct access to the hold through cargo hatches which extend the full width of the vessel. As a result, large cargo units can be lowered into place. If it is possible, the holds or hatches are designed around standard cargo unit sizes. Sometimes gantry cranes are fitted. There is special attention for cargo-handling shipping gear.

These conbulkers are expensive because there is extra steel necessary to widen the hatches. This is crucial to provide strength. The open hatches are useful for forest products, such as pre-slung lumber (timber) and logs. The heavy units are more easy to handle than in a conventional bulk carrier.

The open hatch bulk carriers can also be used to carry containers on the outward leg, and dry bulk on the return leg. The first open hatch bulk carrier was built in 1962, for the use of paper trade.

Cargo
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in case of goods in the cold-chain, because the perishable inventory is always in transit towards a final end-use, even when it is held in cold storage or other similar climate-controlled facilities, including warehouses.

Multi-modal container units, designed as reusable carriers to facilitate unit load handling of the goods contained, are also referred to as cargo, especially by shipping lines and logistics operators. When empty containers are shipped each unit is documented as a cargo and when goods are stored within, the contents are termed containerized cargo. Similarly, aircraft ULD boxes are also documented as cargo, with an associated packing list of the items contained within.
Rush (TV channel)
Rush is a New Zealand television channel owned and operated by Sky Network Television, which acquired it from Warner Bros. Discovery. It is broadcast via Sky, the state-owned Kordia transmission network, Sky and the streaming platform ThreeNow. The channel launched on 21 March 2022. Rush focuses on adventure shows such as Man vs Wild, Manhunt With Joel Lambert, Deadliest Catch and Treehouse Masters. The channel shares its name and some of its programming with Australian TV channel 9Rush.

Warner Bros. Discovery
Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (WBD) is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It was formed from WarnerMedia's spin-off by AT&T and merger with Discovery, Inc. on April 8, 2022.

Warner Bros. Discovery operates via two divisions: Streaming & Studios (S&S) and Global Linear Networks (GLN). S&S includes the flagship Warner Bros. studios, HBO, DC Entertainment, and the Warner Bros. Discovery's streaming services. GLN largely includes advertising-supported cable networks. Those networks were inherited from its predecessors Discovery (such as Discovery Channel among others), Scripps Networks Interactive (such as HGTV among others), and Turner Broadcasting System (such as Cartoon Network, Boomerang, CNN, TBS, and TNT). Warner Bros. Discovery International is also included in the division, which manages broadcasting operations outside of the United States.
Abdirahman Farole
Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamoud Farole (Somali: Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Maxamuud Faroole; Arabic: عبدالرحمن محمد محمود فارولي; born 1945) is a Somali politician. He served for many years in the government, acting as a governor of the Nugal region of Somalia in the 1990s and later as the Minister of Finance of the autonomous Puntland region in the northeast. From 8 January 2009 to 8 January 2014, Farole was also the President of Puntland. Farole's multipronged efforts at creating provisions and collaboration with international policies and organizations resulted in a drastic decrease in piracy along the Marinka Gardafuul (Guardafui Channel).

Range Resources
Range Resources Corporation is a natural gas exploration and production company, the headquartered is in Fort Worth, Texas. It operates in the Marcellus Formation, where it is the largest land owners.

As of December 31, 2024, the company had 18.131 trillion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent of estimated proved reserves, which 64% was natural gas, 35% was natural gas liquids, and 1% was petroleum.
17th Congress of the Philippines
The 17th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabimpitong Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 25, 2016, until June 4, 2019, during the first three years of Rodrigo Duterte's presidency. The convening of the 17th Congress followed the 2016 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.

Nacionalista Party
The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party,' NP) is a political party in the Philippines that is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asia. It was responsible for leading the country throughout most of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953 to 1961 (under Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia), and 1965 to 1978 (under Ferdinand Marcos), and also was one of the two dominant political parties (along with the Liberal Party) throughout the existence of the Third Republic.
Ambrose Mathalaimuthu
The Most Reverend Ambrose Mathalaimuthu D.D. D.C.L. (25 July 1925 – 15 November 2009) was Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore, India.

Born in Nagalur, Tamil Nadu, South India, he was ordained as a priest on 21 December 1951. He was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuticorin on 30 August 1971 and was ordained on 9 December 1971. On 6 December 1979, he was appointed bishop of the Coimbatore Diocese, retiring on 10 July 2002, shortly before his 77th birthday.

Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church)
Doctor of Canon Law (Latin: Juris Canonici Doctor, JCD) is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.  It can also be an honorary degree awarded by Anglican colleges. It may also be abbreviated ICD or dr.iur.can. (Iuris Canonici Doctor), ICDr, DCL, DCnl, DDC, or DCanL (Doctor of Canon Law). A doctor of both laws (i.e. canon and civil) is a JUD (Juris Utriusque Doctor) or UJD (Utriusque Juris Doctor).
2014–15 Super League Greece
The 2014–15 Super League Greece was the 79th season of the highest tier in league of Greek football and the ninth under its current title. The season began on 23 August and ended on 11 May 2015. Olympiacos won their 42nd Greek title. The league comprises sixteen teams from the 2013–14 season and two promoted from the 2013–14 Football League.

Walkover
A walkover, also W.O. or w/o (originally two words: "walk over"), is a victory awarded to the opposing team/player, etc., if there are no other players available, or they have been disqualified, because the other contestants have forfeited or the other contestants have withdrawn from the contest. The term can apply in sport, elections or other contexts where a victory can be achieved by default. The narrow and extended meanings of "walkover" as a single word are both found from 1829. Other sports-specific variations of the term exist,  especially where walking is not involved: competitive rowing, for example, uses the term row over.
NK Dubrava
NK Dubrava, known as Dubrava Tim Kabel for sponsorship reasons, or simply Dubrava, is a Croatian football club based in the Dubrava neighborhood in eastern Zagreb. Formed in 1945, the club spent its entire history in lower leagues. Its biggest success to date was spending a single season in Croatia's top level in the 1993–94 season.

Croatian Football League
The Hrvatska nogometna liga (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː nôɡomeːtnaː lǐːɡa]; lit. 'Croatian Football League'), abbreviated as HNL and also known for sponsorship reasons as the SuperSport HNL, is a professional association football league in Croatia and the highest level of the Croatian football league system. Established in 1992, it was previously called Prva Hrvatska nogometna liga (1. HNL; lit. 'First Croatian Football League'), but a league structure reorganization from 2022–23 led to name changes for the three top league levels.
Howard Simons
Howard Simons (June 3, 1929 – June 13, 1989) was the managing editor of The Washington Post at the time of the Watergate scandal, and later curator of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.

Barry Sussman
Barry Sussman (July 10, 1934 – June 1, 2022) was an American editor, author, and public opinion analyst who dealt primarily with public policy issues. He was city news editor at The Washington Post at the time of the Watergate break-in and supervised much of the reporting on the Watergate scandal.
Lucid Absinthe
Lucid Absinthe Supérieure is the first absinthe made with Grande Wormwood to be legally available in the United States after the repeal of the 95-year ban.

Lucid is distilled in accordance with traditional French methods in the historic Combier Distillery in Loire Valley, France, which was founded in 1834 and designed by Gustave Eiffel. Lucid is distilled entirely from spirits and European whole herbs and uses no artificial additives, oils, or dyes.

Loire Valley
The Loire Valley (French: Vallée de la Loire, pronounced [vale də la lwaʁ]), spanning 280 kilometres (170 mi), is a valley located in the middle stretch of the Loire river in central France, in both the administrative regions Pays de la Loire and Centre-Val de Loire. The area of the Loire Valley comprises about 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi). It is referred to as the Cradle of the French and the Garden of France due to the abundance of vineyards, fruit orchards (such as cherries), and artichoke and asparagus fields, which line the banks of the river. Notable for its historic towns, architecture, and wines, the valley has been inhabited since the Middle Palaeolithic period. In 2000, UNESCO added the central part of the Loire River valley to its list of World Heritage Sites.
Scrap Metal (band)
Scrap Metal were a reggae, country, rock band from Broome, Western Australia which formed in 1983. The members had Aboriginal, Irish, Filipino, French, Chinese, Scottish, Indonesian and Japanese heritage. The group issued four albums, Just Looking (1987), Broken Down Man (1988), Scrap Metal (1990) and Pub Sweat 'n' Tears (1992). They toured nationally supporting Midnight Oil in 1987 and as part of the Bran Nue Dae musical in 1990 and 1993. They were the first Aboriginal band to sign an international publishing deal. Scrap Metal are the subject of an ABC TV documentary From Broome to the Big Smoke (1991). They won the Best Indigenous Act award at the 1992 West Australian Music Industry Awards. The group disbanded in 1995.

After Scrap Metal, founding mainstays Alan, Stephen and Phillip Pigram, joined their younger brothers David, Colin, Gavin and Peter to form the Pigram Brothers. In 2006 Stephen and Alan Pigram were inducted into the Western Australian Music Hall of Fame.

West Australian Music Industry Awards
The Western Australian Music Industry Awards (commonly known as WAMis) are annual awards presented to the local contemporary music industry, put on by the Western Australian Music (WAM) industry association.
Aliaa Saleh
Aliaa Saleh (Arabic: علياء صالح; born 4 August 2004) is an Egyptian rhythmic gymnast. She represented  Egypt at the 2024 Summer Olympics in the women's rhythmic individual all-around. She is a 11-time African champion, including a two-time African all-around champion (2022, 2024).

African Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
The African Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships is a continental sports rhythmic gymnastics competition held every two years from 2000 to 2006, then annually from 2009 and organized by African Gymnastics Association.
Teachers World
Teachers World was a British publication of the first half of the 20th century which featured a range of teaching material, poems and short stories for children. It is most associated with Enid Blyton who contributed heavily to it in the 1920s and 1930s.

Publication
To publish is to make content available to the general public. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper (newspapers, magazines, catalogs, etc.). Publication means the act of publishing, and also any copies issued for public distribution.
Rio Saliceto
Rio Saliceto (Reggiano: Rée) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Reggio Emilia.

The name derives from the canal (Rio), which divided the territory with that of Carpi, and the marsh willows that grow in the area (Saliceto).

Along with the neighbouring municipalities of Campagnola Emilia, Carpi, Correggio, Fabbrico and Rolo, it is a member of the Pianura Reggiana Union of Municipalities.

Correggio, Emilia-Romagna
Correggio (Reggiano: Curèṡ) is a town and comune in the Province of Reggio Emilia, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, in the Po valley. As of 31 October 2022 Correggio had an estimated population of 25,050.

Its patron saint is Quirinus of Sescia, to whom the Basilica of San Quirino is dedicated.

It was the seat of Veronica Gambara (1485–1550), a noted politician poet who ruled the principality after the death of her husband Giberto X, Count of Correggio, from 1518 to 1550.

It is the birthplace of the Renaissance painter Antonio Allegri, who was called "il Correggio" from the name of his town. The French poet Tugdual Menon resided in Correggio for much of his life.

It is also the birthplace of composer Bonifazio Asioli, Venetian School composer Claudio Merulo, rock singer Luciano Ligabue, educator Loris Malaguzzi, who developed the Reggio Emilia approach, 1908 Summer Olympics marathon runner Dorando Pietri, and novelist Pier Vittorio Tondelli.
Arizona Wildcats men's ice hockey
The Arizona Wildcats men's ice hockey team is a college ice hockey program that represents the University of Arizona. The team competes in the American Collegiate Hockey Association Division I level as a WCHL (Western Collegiate Hockey League) team.

Tucson Convention Center
The Tucson Convention Center (previously named the Tucson Community Center) is a multi-purpose convention center located in downtown Tucson, Arizona. Built in 1971, the location includes an 8,962-seat indoor arena, two performing arts venues, and 205,000 square feet (19,000 m2) of meeting space.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
2025–26 European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup
The 2025–26 European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup is the 27th edition of European Aquatics's secondary club competition for women's water polo clubs, and the 4th edition since being rebranded from the Trophy to the Euro Cup. The season begins on 17 October 2025 and ended on 3 June 2026 with the Final.

This season will witness a change in format for the third season in a row, while the slot allocation has changed, with only the fifth and sixth  place teams allowed to play from the major leagues.

The winners of the European Aquatics Euro Cup automatically qualify for next season's Champions League (if they choose to enter) and also qualify for the 2026 Super Cup.

The defending champions are ZV De Zaan.

European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup, formerly the Women's LEN Trophy and LEN Women's Euro Cup, is European Aquatics's second-tier competition for women's water polo clubs. It was first held in 2000 and 2001 as the LEN Women's Cup Winners' Cup. It was contested for many seasons by around 15 teams, which could qualify for it either directly due to high ranking in their domestic league or by being eliminated at certain stages of the Champions' Cup. After the last reformations in the European competitions system by LEN, only four teams contesting for the trophy, coming after elimination at that season's LEN Euro League quarterfinals stage. Italy's Gifa Palermo, Ortigia, Racing Roma, Imperia, Russia's Shturm Ruza, and Greece's Ethnikos Piraeus are the most successful clubs in the competition with two titles each.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup.
Rayman Raving Rabbids (handheld game)
Rayman Raving Rabbids (French: Rayman contre les Lapins Crétins) is a 2006 platform game developed and published by Ubisoft for the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS. It was the handheld version of the party video game Rayman Raving Rabbids.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
2022 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup
The 2022 Men's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup was the 32nd edition of the Men's EuroHockey Indoor Club Cup, Europe's premier men's club indoor hockey tournament organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held at the Alanya Atatürk Spor Salonu in Alanya, Turkey from 11 to 13 February 2022.

European Hockey Federation
EuroHockey is a European sports federation for field hockey, based in Brussels. It is the umbrella organisation for all European national federations, and organises the Euro Hockey League. The president of the league is Marcos Hofmann. In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Hockey Federation banned the participation of all Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from all events sanctioned by the Federation.
Striguil
51°38′17″N 2°40′41″W﻿ / ﻿51.638°N 2.678°W﻿ / 51.638; -2.678
Striguil or Strigoil is the name that was used from the 11th century until the late 14th century for the port and Norman castle of Chepstow, on the Welsh side of the River Wye which forms the boundary with England.  The name was also applied to the Marcher Lordship of Striguil which controlled the area in the period between the Norman Conquest and the formation of Monmouthshire under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542.

William Camden
William Camden (2 May 1551 – 9 November 1623) was an English antiquarian, historian, topographer, and herald, best known as author of Britannia, the first chorographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland that relates landscape, geography, antiquarianism, and history, and the Annales, the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I.
Quercitrinase
The enzyme quercitrinase (EC 3.2.1.66) catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

quercitrin + H2O  L-rhamnose + quercetin

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are quercitrin and H2O, whereas its two products are L-rhamnose and quercetin.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is quercitrin 3-L-rhamnohydrolase.

The enzyme can be found in Aspergillus flavus. It is an enzyme in the rutin catabolic pathway.

Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus is a saprotrophic and pathogenic fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution. It is best known for its colonization of cereal grains, legumes, and tree nuts. Postharvest rot typically develops during harvest, storage, and/or transit. Its specific name flavus derives from the Latin meaning yellow, a reference to the frequently observed colour of the spores. A. flavus infections can occur while hosts are still in the field (preharvest), but often show no symptoms (dormancy) until postharvest storage or transport.

In addition to causing preharvest and postharvest infections, many strains produce significant quantities of toxic compounds known as mycotoxins, which, when consumed, are toxic to mammals. A. flavus is also an opportunistic human and animal pathogen, causing aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals.