hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cendere Çayı
The Cendere Çayı, formerly the Bölam Su, is a right tributary of Kâhta Çayı in Adıyaman Province, Turkey.

A major Roman bridge, the Severan Bridge, crosses it. The Latin inscription on the bridge calls the river Chabina(s).

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Buy Me That Town
Buy Me That Town is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Eugene Forde and written by Murray Boltinoff, Harry A. Gourfair, Gordon Kahn and Martin Rackin. The film stars Lloyd Nolan, Constance Moore, Albert Dekker, Sheldon Leonard, Barbara Jo Allen, Edward Brophy and Warren Hymer. The film was released on October 3, 1941, by Paramount Pictures.

Martin Rackin
Martin Rackin (31 July 1918 – 15 April 1976) was an American writer and producer who was briefly head of production at Paramount Pictures from 1960 to 1964. In the late 1950s he wrote and produced a series of films with actor Alan Ladd.

Richard Fleischer described Rackin as "a real character. He was a fast-talking, breezy, nervous, con man type who blinked his eyes a lot. You always had the feeling that he was some sort of a street corner shell game operator keeping an eye open for the cops."
The Range Busters
The Range Busters is a 1940 American Western film directed by S. Roy Luby and written by John Rathmell. The film is the first in Monogram Pictures' "Range Busters" series, and it stars Ray "Crash" Corrigan as Crash, John "Dusty" King as Dusty and Max "Alibi" Terhune as Alibi, with Luana Walters, LeRoy Mason and Earle Hodgins. It was released on August 22, 1940.

The "Range Busters" series ran from 1940 to 1943 and encompassed 24 films, with the first 16 starring Corrigan, King and Terhune.

S. Roy Luby
Solomon Roy Luby (August 8, 1904, New York City - August 19, 1976 in Los Angeles) was an American animator, editor, and film director.  He used the pseudonyms of Roy Claire, Roy S. Luby, J. Roy Luby, Roy Luby, Sol Luby, and Russell Roy.
Kroch's and Brentano's
Kroch's and Brentano's was the largest bookstore in Chicago, and at one time it was the largest privately owned bookstore chain in the United States. The store and the chain were formed in 1954 through the merger of the separate Kroch's bookstore with the former Chicago branch of the New York-based Brentano's bookstore.  The chain was closed in 1995 after suffering financial losses from increased competition.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Space of Freedom
Space of Freedom was a concert performed by French musician Jean Michel Jarre in Poland, at the Gdańsk Shipyard, on August 26, 2005, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Solidarity trade union's foundation.  Jarre was invited by Lech Wałęsa to hold this concert, which was watched by an audience of more than 170,000 people who bought tickets, as well as many others who observed the event from outside the shipyard, in high buildings such as Zieleniak and the hills of Góra Gradowa.

Lech Wałęsa, the union leader who led the strikes from 1980, and the current president of the city of Gdańsk, Paweł Adamowicz, attended the concert. Lech Wałęsa gave a speech on the meaning of Solidarity and on the non-violent upheaval of the political system.

The concert was broadcast live on Polish Television and Polish Radio, as well as by satellite. It was reproduced in commemorative books, on audio CD and DVD.

Telewizja Polska
Telewizja Polska S.A. (pronounced [tɛlɛˈvizja ˈpɔlska]; TVP), also known in English as Polish Television, is a public service broadcaster in Poland, founded in 1952. It is the oldest and largest Polish television network.

After 2015, when the right-wing populist Law and Justice (PiS) party won the Polish parliamentary election, TVP progressively aligned with the speaking points of the PiS government. In the run-up to the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, TVP was designated as a "propaganda arm" of PiS by European media and as "a factory of hate" by the Polish opposition. However, after the electoral victory of the opposition party the Civic Platform in 2023, a newly-appointed Minister of Culture began a restructuring of the broadcaster and its news segment. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Onias C. Skinner
Onias Childs Skinner (July 21, 1817 – February 4, 1877) was an American jurist and legislator.

Born in Floyd, New York, Skinner moved to Peoria, Illinois in 1836. He then moved to Greenville, Ohio where he studied law and was admitted to the Ohio bar; Skinner served as deputy marshall of Darke County, Ohio.. In 1842, Skinner moved to Carthage, Illinois and then in 1844 moved to Quincy, Illinois where he stayed for the rest of his life. Skinner served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1849 to 1851. In 1851, Skinner was elected an Illinois circuit court judge. From 1855 to 1858, Skinner served on the Illinois Supreme Court. Skinner served in the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1870. Skinner died in Quincy, Illinois.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Battle of Saint-Fulgent
The Battle of Saint-Fulgent (22 September 1793) saw Royalist and Republican French forces clash at Saint-Fulgent during the War in the Vendée. The 11,000 Vendean rebels, led by Henri de La Rochejaquelein, defeated a 6,000-man republican division, commanded by Jean Quirin de Mieszkowski and belonging to the Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle. Half of the Republican force was killed, wounded or captured, but rebel losses were only one tenth as many.

In mid-September, the Republican Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle, led by Jean Antoine Rossignol, advanced into the Vendée from the south and the east while the Army of the Coasts of Brest and the Army of Mainz, under Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux, advanced from the west. In a series of battles at Coron, Pont-Barré, Tiffauges, Montaigu and Saint-Fulgent, the royalist rebels concentrated against and defeated each republican column in turn.

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
Cobble Court
Cobble Court is a historic house originally commissioned by the distiller J. Hazeltine Carstairs, who owned 50 acres (20 ha) from Marple Road to Ardmore Avenue. Originally named Spring Hill Farm, the house was built alongside the first hole of the Merion Golf Club west course in 1924. Sold to Henry Bryer, the owner of Bryers, a prominent ice cream manufacturer, who installed the cobblestone courtyard, and changed the name to "Cobble Court." In 1963 the Breyers estate was subdivided and the main house sold to Stuart Saunders of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The property was purchased in 1973 from Stuart Saunders by Marian and Marvin Garfinkel.

The house is on the local survey of historic buildings. The home was designed by John Russell Pope, an architect who is also credited with designing the Jefferson Memorial and the National Gallery of Art.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.
Congolese Democratic Front
The Congolese Democratic Front (French: Front démocratique congolais, FDC) was a political party in Moyen-Congo. The party was founded by Emmanuel Dadet after he left the Congolese Progressive Party (PPC). The FDC failed to become a major force in Congolese politics. In 1956, Dadet joined  the Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests (UDDIA).

FDC was also the name of an exile opposition group, that was founded by Aloïse Moudileno-Massengo in the 1970s.

French Congo
The French Congo (French: Congo français), also known as Middle Congo (French: Moyen-Congo), was a French colony which at one time comprised the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo and parts of Gabon, and the Central African Republic. In 1910, it was made part of the larger French Equatorial Africa.

The modern Republic of the Congo is considered French Congo's successor state, having virtually identical borders, and having inherited rights to sovereignty and independence from France through the dissolution of French Equatorial Africa in the late 1950s.
Howison
Howison is a surname of Scottish origin which means "the son of Hugh." Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Howison Murray Jr. (1903–1997), mayor of Placerville, California

Del Howison (born 1953), American horror author

George Holmes Howison (1834–1916), American philosopher

Henry L. Howison (1837–1914), American naval officer

John Howison (c.1530–1618), Scottish minister

Ryan Howison (born 1966), American golfer

John Howison
John Howison (or Howisone, Howisoune, or Howieson, c. 1530 – 1618) was Minister in the Parish of Cambuslang during a turbulent time in Scotland’s history. He was imprisoned several times for his campaign for a Presbyterian, as opposed to Episcopal structure for the Church of Scotland. (He was always very quickly released). He also often reprimanded the King James VI for taking the advice of evil counsellors. He quarrelled with his own parishioners and was convicted of publishing a doctored version of an Act of Parliament, but he died peacefully in Cambuslang, apparently resigned to accepting Bishops in the Kirk.
Conyers v. Bush
Honorable John Conyers, Jr., et al. v. George W. Bush, et al., No. 2:06-CV-11972, 2006 WL 3834224 (E.D. Mich. 2006), was a lawsuit in which Rep. John Conyers Jr. and others alleged that President George W. Bush violated the United States Constitution by signing a bill that was not passed by the United States Congress.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Van Gogh National Park
Van Gogh National Park (Dutch: Van Gogh Nationaal Park) is a Dutch national park in the province of Noord-Brabant. The plan for the park was presented on 30 March 2021. On 14 October 2024 it received the actual National Park status.

The park would consist of several natural areas in the province of North Brabant, including De Loonse en Drunense Duinen National Park and Het Groene Woud. The park is located between the cities of 's-Hertogenbosch, Helmond, Eindhoven, Tilburg and Breda. In addition to nature, the park is intended to promote cultural heritage, sustainability, as well as the local economy.

The project is named after painter Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), a native of North Brabant who worked and lived in a number of locations within the area it would cover.

's-Hertogenbosch
's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ⓘ), colloquially known as Den Bosch (pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ⓘ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is directly south of the Maas river and near the Waal.
Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army based on Vancouver Island in British Columbia.

The regiment is in Victoria, Nanaimo, and Courtenay, British Columbia. It is part of the 3rd Canadian Division's 39 Canadian Brigade Group, which commands all army reserve units in British Columbia. One of four infantry regiments in British Columbia, the Canadian Scottish is the largest reserve unit in Western Canada.

As a light infantry regiment the regiment trains in raids, reconnaissance patrolling, ambushes, amphibious operations and airmobile operations. The unit also trains to meet the realities of the "Three Block War" – warfighting, peacekeeping, and humanitarian support.

Light infantry
Light infantry refers to certain types of lightly equipped infantry throughout history. They have a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry. Historically, light infantry often fought as scouts, raiders, and skirmishers. These are loose formations that fight ahead of the main army to harass, delay, disrupt supply lines, engage the enemy's own skirmishing forces, and generally "soften up" an enemy before the main battle. Light infantrymen were also often responsible for screening the main body of a military formation.

Following World War II, the term "light infantry" has evolved to include rapid-deployment units (including commando and airborne units) that emphasize speed and mobility over armor and firepower. Some units or battalions that historically held a skirmishing role retain their designation "light infantry" for the sake of tradition.
1772 Naval Air Squadron
1772 Naval Air Squadron (1772 NAS) was a Naval Air Squadron of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA), which last disbanded, at Portsmouth, in March 1946. The squadron formed at HMS Ringtail, RNAS Burscough as a Fighter Squadron during May 1944. It joined HMS Ruler for passage to Australia leaving January 1945 and disembarking at HMS Nabstock, RNAS Schofields, mid-March. The squadron embarked in HMS Indefatigable in July, joining the British Pacific Fleet for attacks againgst the Japanese home islands. After the end of the Second World War it dropped supplies on PoW camps.

HMS Empress (D42)
USS Carnegie (CVE-38) (previously AVG-38 then later ACV-38) was an escort aircraft carrier built in 1942-43 for transfer to the United Kingdom. She was reclassified ACV-38 on 20 August 1942, and CVE-38 on 15 July 1943. She was commissioned on 9 August 1943 for a period of three days prior to being turned over to the United Kingdom, under whom she served as HMS Empress (D42).
Togher Castle
Togher Castle (Irish: Caisleán an Tóchair), is a late 16th century tower house primarily known for its association with the MacCarthys of Gleannacroim. It is located approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Dunmanway in the townland of Togher, which derives from the Irish "tóchar" meaning "causeway", or "causeway of wood over a bog".

MacCarthy dynasty
MacCarthy (Irish: Mac Cárthaigh), also spelled Macarthy, McCarthy or McCarty, is an Irish clan originating from Munster, an area they ruled during the Middle Ages. It was divided into several septs (branches) of which the MacCarthy Reagh, MacCarthy of Muskerry, and MacCarthy of Duhallow were the most notable.
Robert H. MacArthur Award
The Robert H. MacArthur Award is a biennial prize given by the Ecological Society of America to ecologists for their pivotal contributions to their field. The acceptance speeches of many recipients have been given at the annual meeting of the society and subsequently published in the ESA's journal, Ecology.

The following is a self-descriptive quote taken from the Robert H. MacArthur Award page on the ESA's website: "The Robert H. MacArthur Award is given biennially to an established ecologist in mid-career for meritorious contributions to ecology, in the expectation of continued outstanding ecological research. Nominees may be from any country and need not be ESA members. The recipient is invited to prepare an address for presentation at the annual meeting of the society and for publication in Ecology."

Ecology (journal)
Ecology is a scientific journal that publishes research and synthesizes papers in the field of ecology.  It was founded in 1920 as the continuation of Plant World, and is published by the Ecological Society of America. According to the Journal Citation Reports, it is currently ranked 15th out of 136 journals in the Ecology category.
Cineville
Cineville is an American streaming platform, production and international distribution company founded in 1990 by Carl Colpaert and Christoph Henkel. It is trademarked in the US, EU and throughout Latin America.

Cineville has produced over 55 feature films, which have participated in film festivals including the Sundance Film Festival and Cannes Film Festival.

Hurlyburly (film)
Hurlyburly is a 1998 independent comedy-drama film directed by Anthony Drazan and based on Hurlyburly the 1984 play by David Rabe, who adapted the screenplay. The film is about the intersecting lives of several Hollywood players and wannabes. Rabe condensed the action of his three-hour plus play into two hours and updated the setting from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s.
Gardi, Nepal
Gardi was a village development committee in Chitwan District in Bagmati Province of mid-southern Nepal before merging into Madi Municipality. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 9,241 people (4,061 male; 5,180 female) living in 2,168 individual households. Sitalpur (सितलपुर) is the largest village inside Gardi.

Someswor Higher Secondary School is the highest ranked education institution in Gardi with several lower secondary and primary schools. Baruwa is the largest market place, second largest in Madi after Basantapur bazar. Riu (रीऊ), Chitai (चितई), Bhutyaha (भूत्याहा), Dangre (डाङ्ग्रे), Marath (मरठ) rivers are some of the famous rivers (Khola खोला in Nepali) of Gardi.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
Renko, Finland
Renko is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with Hämeenlinna on 2009-01-01.

It was located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Kanta-Häme region. The municipality had a population of 2,378 (30 November 2008) and covered an area of 290.85 square kilometres (112.30 sq mi) of which 12.32 km2 (4.76 sq mi) is water. The population density is 8.54 inhabitants per square kilometre (22.1/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality has previously also been known as "Rengo" in Swedish documents, but is today referred to as "Renko" also in Swedish.

Kanta-Häme
Kanta-Häme (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑn̪t̪ɑˌhæme̞(ʔ)]; Swedish: Egentliga Tavastland), sometimes referred to as Tavastia Proper, is a region (Finnish: maakunta, Swedish: landskap) of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, Päijät-Häme, and Uusimaa. Before the official adoption of the name Kanta-Häme in 1998, the region was commonly known as Häme.

Hämeenlinna is the largest urban area in the region. There are two other municipalities that have township status: Riihimäki and Forssa.
Camp Hughes
Camp Hughes was a Canadian military training camp, located in the Municipality of North Cypress – Langford west of the town of Carberry in Manitoba, Canada. It was actively used for Army training from 1909 to 1934 and as a communications station from the early 1960s until 1991.

Camp Hughes was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2011. It features an intact World War I battlefield terrain, which was created for training purposes by the Canadian Department of Militia between 1915 and 1916. It is now one of the only World War One era trench systems remaining in the world.

CFB Shilo
Canadian Forces Base Shilo (CFB Shilo; French: Base des Forces canadiennes Shilo — BFC Shilo) is an operations and training base of the Canadian Armed Forces, located 35 km (22 mi) east of Brandon, Manitoba and adjacent to Sprucewoods. During the 1990s, Canadian Forces Base Shilo was also designated as an Area Support Unit, which acts as a local base of operations for south-west Manitoba in times of military and civil emergency.

It is located at the very south-west corner of the Municipality of North Cypress – Langford, and the very northwest corner of the Municipality of Glenboro – South Cypress. Additionally, it lies adjacent to the eastern border of the Rural Municipality of Cornwallis. The base has an 18-hole golf course, which hosts numerous military and civilian golf events.
North Tetagouche, New Brunswick
North Tetagouche (Tétagouche-Nord in French) is a local service district in New Brunswick, Canada. It is situated 7 km Western the centre of Bathurst. It is located to the North of Tetagouche river, it is nearly rectangular and borders Dunlop on the Northwest. The most part of its territory is a forest and a residential neighbourhood by the river which links to Route 322.

New Brunswick Route 322
Route 322 is an 11 km (6.8 mi) local highway in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. The road runs from New Brunswick Route 315 in Bathurst to its northern terminus at New Brunswick Route 315 in Nigadoo, as it runs parallel to the west of Route 315.