hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antonio Escohotado
Antonio Escohotado Espinosa (5 July 1941 – 21 November 2021), commonly called Antonio Escohotado, was a Spanish philosopher, jurist, essayist and university professor. His life's work primarily focused on law, philosophy and sociology, yet extended to many other disciplines. Escohotado gained public renown for his research on drugs and for his well-known anti-prohibitionist positions. One of his best known works is The General History of Drugs. The leitmotif of his work is, in the same way, an affirmation of freedom as an antidote to fear or the constraints that push the human being towards all kinds of servitude. His thought fits into the framework of libertarian liberalism.

Wikiquote
Wikiquote is part of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation using MediaWiki software. The project's objective is to collaboratively produce a vast reference of quotations from prominent people, books, films, proverbs, etc. and writings about them. The website aims to be as accurate as possible regarding the provenance and sourcing of the quotations.

Initially, the project operated only in English from July 2003, expanding to include other languages in July 2004. As of December 2025, there are active Wikiquote sites for 76 languages comprising a total of 365,345 articles and 3,562 recently active editors.
James McDuffie
James Doyle McDuffie (November 17, 1929 – May 21, 2015) was an American educator and politician.

Born in Kannapolis, North Carolina, McDuffie went to Pfeiffer University, Lenoir–Rhyne University and then graduated from Catawba College. He joined the United States Air Force after college and was stationed in Denver, Colorado. McDuffie then received his bachelor's degree in history from the University of Denver. In 1954, McDuffie and his wife moved to Charlotte, North Carolina where he was a coach and teacher in junior high school. Then, in 1956, he worked for State Farm insurance agency. McDuffie served on the Charlotte City Council. McDuffie then served in the North Carolina Senate as a Republican. McDuffie died in Charlotte in 2015.

Lenoir–Rhyne University
Lenoir–Rhyne University is a private university in Hickory, North Carolina, United States. It was founded in 1891 and is affiliated with the North Carolina Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).
Oulad Bourahmoune
Oulad Bourahmoune is a town and rural commune in Fquih Ben Salah Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13,635 people living in 2,118 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Joseph de la Vega
José or Joseph Penso de la Vega, best known as Joseph de la Vega (ca. 1650 — Amsterdam, 13 November, 1692), was a Sephardic Jewish merchant in diamonds, financial expert, moral philosopher and poet, that resided across Western Europe. He became famous for his masterpiece Confusion of Confusions originally written in Spanish. Vega's work is the first study written about the Amsterdam Stock Exchange and its participants, the shareholders. In a stilted style he describes the whole gamut, running from options (puts and calls), futures contracts, margin buying, to bull and bear conspiracies, even some form of stock-index trading. The publication of Confusión de Confusiones helped lay the foundations for modern fields of technical analysis and behavioral finance.

Margin (finance)
In finance, margin is the collateral that a holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often a broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty. This risk can arise if the holder has done any of the following:

Borrowed cash from the counterparty to buy financial instruments,

Borrowed financial instruments to sell them short,

Entered into a derivative contract.

The collateral for a margin account can be the cash deposited in the account or securities provided, and represents the funds available to the account holder for further share trading. On United States futures exchanges, margins were formerly called performance bonds. Most of the exchanges today use SPAN ("Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk") methodology, which was developed by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1988, for calculating margins for options and futures.
Ministry of Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony (Urdu: وزارت مذہبی امور و بین المذاہب ہم آہنگی, abbreviated as MoRA) is a government agency of Pakistan responsible for religious matters such as pilgrimage outside Pakistan, especially to Iran and Iraq for Ziyarat, and Saudi Arabia for Umrah and Hajj. It is also responsible for the welfare and safety of pilgrims. The agency has its headquarters in Islamabad.

The Ministry was established by Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Its first minister was Maulana Kausar Niazi.

Kausar Niazi
Kausar Niazi (Urdu: کوثر نیازی), born as Muhammad Hayyat Khan and commonly known as Maulana Kausar Niazi (21 April 1934 – 19 March 1994), was a prominent Pakistani politician and a religious scholar. A key figure in Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), he was one of the most influential federal ministers in Bhutto's cabinet from 1974 to 1977. Known for his eloquence and religious scholarship, Niazi played a pivotal role in shaping policy and remained one of Bhutto’s closest aides and most trusted confidants.

Born in Musakhel, Punjab, he hailed from a distinguished family; his father Fateh Khan Niazi Luqi-khel, and uncle Muzaffar Khan Niazi Luqi-khel, were prominent figures in the region. Niazi's political career was marked by steadfast loyalty to Bhutto, serving as a minister for six years and actively contributing to the PPP's vision.
Human sensing
Human sensing (also called human detection or human presence detection) encompasses a range of technologies for detecting the presence of a human body in an area of space, typically without the intentional participation of the detected person. Common applications include search and rescue, surveillance, and customer analytics (for example, people counters).

Modern technologies proposed or deployed for human sensing include:

Acoustic sensors

Image recognition of human shapes

Infrared detectors

Pressure-sensitive floor tiles

Radar

Chemical sensors

Detection of the mobile phone, computer, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi signals of a device assumed to be in the possession of a person.

WiFi Sensing

People counter
A people counter is an electronic device that is used to measure the number of people traversing a certain passage or entrance. Examples include simple manual clickers, smart-flooring technologies, infrared beams, thermal imaging systems, Wi-Fi trackers and video counters using advanced machine learning algorithms. They are commonly used by retail establishments to judge the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, building design and layout, and the popularity of particular brands.
New Court
New Court (also known as The Rothschild Headquarters) is a collection of proximate buildings in London having served as the global headquarters of the Rothschild investment bank since 1809. The current building is the fourth incarnation of the Rothschild offices at the same street address. Until 2004, the world price of gold was fixed daily at this building.

RSA Insurance Group
RSA Insurance Group Limited (trading as RSA, formerly RSA Insurance Group plc and Royal and Sun Alliance) is a British multinational general insurance company headquartered in London, England. RSA has major operations in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia and Canada. It provides insurance products and services in more than 100 countries through a network of local partners. It has 9 million customers. RSA was formed by the merger of Sun Alliance and Royal Insurance in 1996.

RSA was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Danish insurer Tryg and Canada's Intact Financial Corporation in May 2021. The transaction closed on 1 June 2021.
Rowing at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed pair
The men's coxed pair competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin took place at Grünau on the Langer See. It was held from 12 to 14 August. There were 12 boats (36 competitors) from 12 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. It was twice the highest number of boats that had previously competed in an Olympic tournament (6 boats in 1928). The event was won by the German team, rowers Gerhard Gustmann and Herbert Adamski and coxswain Dieter Arend, in the nation's debut in the event. Italy earned its first medal in the event since 1924 with silver by Almiro Bergamo, Guido Santin, and cox Luciano Negrini. France extended its podium streak to three Games with bronze by Marceau Fourcade, Georges Tapie, and cox Noël Vandernotte.

Noël Vandernotte
Noël Vandernotte (25 December 1923 – 18 June 2020) was a French rowing coxswain who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was the son of Fernand Vandernotte and the nephew of Marcel Vandernotte. In 1936 he won the bronze medal of the French boat in the coxed pairs event as well as in the coxed four competition. He was the youngest male medalist at the 1936 Games, at 12 years and 233 days, and is also the youngest French Olympic medalist of all-time.
Kemp Cotton Gin Historic District
The Kemp Cotton Gin Historic District encompasses the only cotton gin extant in the Rohwer area of Desha County, Arkansas.  The gin was built in 1950 by O. O. Kemp, a few years after the closure of the Rohwer War Relocation Center, where as many as 10,000 Japanese-Americans were interned during the Second World War.  After the center's closure much of its land was returned to agricultural use, and Kemp built this gin near the Missouri Pacific Railroad line that ran through Rohwer.  In addition to the gin, the complex Kemp built includes a pump house, scale house, and office.  This entire complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Desha County, Arkansas
Desha County (/dəˈʃeɪ/ də-SHAY) is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, with its eastern border the Mississippi River. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,395. The county is plurality-African American. The county seat is Arkansas City.
Doda Dome
Doda Dome is the unofficial name of a granite dome west of the Tuolumne Meadows area of Yosemite National Park, to the northeast of Tenaya Lake in  Tuolumne County, California, U.S.  It is a high dome, just northwest of Daff Dome, and may be identified by its mammalian appearance. It is named after Carol Doda, a famous Bay Area stripper.

It is a target of rock climbers, with a variety of routes given breast-related names such as "Tittely Winks" and "Bust It Out".

Granite dome
Granite domes are domical hills composed of granite with bare rock exposed over most of the surface. Generally, domical features such as these are known as bornhardts. Bornhardts can form in any type of plutonic rock but are typically composed of granite and granitic gneiss. As granitic plutons cool kilometers below the Earth's surface, minerals in the rock crystallize under uniform confining pressure. Erosion brings the rock closer to Earth's surface and the pressure from above the rock decreases; as a result the rock fractures. These fractures are known as exfoliation joints, or sheet fractures, and form in onionlike patterns that are parallel to the land surface. These sheets of rock peel off the exposed surface and in certain conditions develop domical structures. Additional theories on the origin of granite domes involve scarp-retreat and tectonic uplift.
Alex Sears
Alexander David Sears (born 17 December 1989) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Sears was born at Grantham in December 1989. He was educated at The King's School in Grantham, before going up to Homerton College, Cambridge. While studying at Cambridge, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Cambridge University Cricket Club against Oxford University in the 2014 University Match at Oxford. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 29 runs in the Cambridge first innings by Abidine Sakande. In the Oxford first innings he took a five wicket haul with his fast-medium bowling, with figures of 5 for 73. He followed this up in their second innings with figures of 3 for 49.

University Parks
The Oxford University Parks, commonly referred to locally as the University Parks, or just The Parks, is a large parkland area slightly northeast of the city centre in Oxford, England.  The park is bounded to the east by the River Cherwell, though a small plot of land called Mesopotamia sits between the upper and lower levels of the river. To the north of the parks are Norham Gardens (with large houses including Gunfield backing onto the park) and Lady Margaret Hall,  to the west the Parks Road, and the Science Area on South Parks Road to the south. The park is open to the public during the day, and has gardens, large sports fields, and exotic plants. It includes a cricket ground used by Oxford University Cricket Club.
Colour of the Trap
Colour of the Trap is the debut solo album by English musician Miles Kane, released on 6 May 2011 by Columbia Records. It was mainly written by Kane and frequent collaborator Alex Turner alongside Gruff Rhys and Sean Bonniwell. It was produced in London by Rhys, Dan Carey, Dan the Automator and Craig Silvey. The record features guest musicians Clémence Poésy on the track "Happenstance" and Noel Gallagher on "My Fantasy". The cover features a black and white picture of Kane, taken by Laurence Ellis, with his name superimposed in light purple. The album peaked to number 11 on the UK Albums Chart.

Clémence Poésy
Clémence Guichard (born 30 October 1982), known professionally as Clémence Poésy (French: [klemɑ̃s pɔezi]), is a French actress and fashion model. After starting on the stage as a child, Poésy studied drama and has been active in both film and television since 1999, including some English-language productions. She is known for the roles of Fleur Delacour in the Harry Potter film series, Chloë in In Bruges, Rana in 127 Hours, Natasha Rostova in War and Peace, and the lead role as Elise Wassermann in the 24-episode series The Tunnel.
Jabal Mana'
Jabal Mana' (Arabic: جبل منعاء) is a large mountain, located in the Tannumah area of Bani Shahr, in the Asir region in the southwestern of Saudi Arabia, with a height of 2,782 meters (9,127 feet).

The mountain has a circumference at the base estimated at ten kilometers. There are several petroglyphs including inscriptions of a snake and giants. The interpretation of the glyphs is still uncertain.  Near the top of the mountain there is a large cave with inscriptions on the ceiling. The cave rises above a mosque on the hilltop.

It is considered one of the greatest mountains in the Saudi Kingdom. Waterfalls flow from it when the rain comes. Historians like Hamada Ni and several poets have described the mountain including Hashim bin Taha, Mataa Yataj, and Sarat al-Sarhawi.

Asir
Asir, officially the Aseer Province, is a province of Saudi Arabia in southern Arabia. It has an area of 76,693 square kilometres (29,611 sq mi), and an estimated population of 2,024,285 (in 2022). Abha is its seat and second-largest city, after Khamis Mushait. Asir is bounded by the Mecca Province to the north and west, Al-Baha Province to the northwest, Riyadh Province to the northeast, Najran Province to the southeast, and Jazan Province and the Saada Governorate of Yemen to the south.
António Arnaut
António Duarte Arnaut, GOL (28 January 1936 – 21 May 2018) was a Portuguese poet, fiction writer, essayist, lawyer, and politician. He was Minister of Social Affairs in the II Constitutional Government of Portugal, led by Mário Soares. He is considered the "father" of the Portuguese national health service (SNS - Serviço Nacional de Saúde), having created the first basic health law in Portugal and contributed to universal access to medical care for all Portuguese.

II Constitutional Government of Portugal
The II Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: II Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the second government of the Third Portuguese Republic. It had Mário Soares as the Prime Minister and lasted from 23 January 1978 to 29 August 1978.
Fimbristylis thermalis
Fimbristylis thermalis  is a species of fimbry known by the common name hot springs fimbry. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has been reported from Baja California, California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and Coahuila.

Fimbristylis thermalis grows in alkaline mud and sand, especially around hot springs and mineral-rich seeps. This is a thick-stemmed sedge which grows singly or in clumps and reaches maximum heights over a meter. It has a long rhizome system. It has short, flat, spiral-arranged leaves. At the top of the stem is an inflorescence of ovate, pointed spikelets, each on a long peduncle. The spikelet has many hairy bracts. The fruit is a shiny brown achene one to two millimeters long.

Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ⓘ; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القالِي) is a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.
Huangsha station
Huangsha station (simplified Chinese: 黄沙站; traditional Chinese: 黃沙站; Jyutping: wong2 saa1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Wóngsā Jaahm; lit. 'Yellow Sands station') is an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 6 of the Guangzhou Metro, and was the first Line 1 station to have platform screen doors installed. Line 1 started operations on 28 June 1997. Line 6 started operations on 28 December 2013. It was the terminus of Line 1 when the Guangzhou Metro started the service in 1997. It is situated under the junction of Datong Road (Chinese: 大同路) and Liu'ersan Road (六二三路) in the Liwan District of Guangzhou. It is near Shamian Island, where the White Swan Hotel and many Western style buildings are. It became an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 6 in 2013.

White Swan Hotel
The White Swan Hotel (simplified Chinese: 白天鹅宾馆; traditional Chinese: 白天鵝賓館; pinyin: báitiān'é bīnguǎn; Jyutping: baak6 tin1 ngo4 ban1 gun2) is a 28-story luxury hotel in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, located on Shamian Island, overlooking the Pearl River and facing the White Swan Pool. The hotel is reached by its own private 635 metres (2,083 ft) causeway.
Glenwild, Mississippi
Glenwild is an unincorporated community located in Grenada County, Mississippi and part of the Grenada Micropolitan Statistical Area. Glenwild is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Tie Plant and approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Elliott near U.S. Route 51.

The community is named for the former Glenwild Plantation. The plantation was originally built in 1839 by Colonel A. M. Payne. It was eventually purchased  in 1921 by Lieutenant Commander John Borden (who commanded the USS Kanawha and was awarded the Navy Cross during World War I). Borden had an electric generating plant, a water tower, and a railroad depot built at the plantation. The Panama Limited made regular stops at Glenwild and private Pullman cars brought Borden's guests to the plantation.

Glenwild is located on the former Illinois Central Railroad.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Phoenix, New York
Phoenix is a village in Oswego County, New York, United States.  The population was 2,382 at the 2010 census.  The name is derived from Alexander Phoenix.  The village of Phoenix lies in the Lake Ontario lake-effect snow belt, with seasonal snow totals regularly exceeding 200 in (510 cm).  Phoenix lies in the southwest part of the town of Schroeppel.

Snowbelt
The Snowbelt, Snow Belt, Frostbelt, or Frost Belt is the region near the Great Lakes in North America where heavy snowfall in the form of lake-effect snow is particularly common. Snowbelts are typically found downwind of the lakes, principally off the eastern and southern shores.
Buca Onat Tunnel
The Buca Onat Tunnel (Turkish: Buca Onat Tüneli) is the name of the 2.5-kilometre-long (1.6 mi) tunnel, currently under construction, in İzmir, Turkey. The tunnel is part of a 7-kilometre-long (4.3 mi) express route that will connect the İzmir Coach Terminal, in Bornova, to central Konak, via the Konak Tunnel. Once completed, the tunnel will become the longest tunnel in the İzmir Province and the 14th longest in Turkey. Work began on 12 March 2018 and the estimated construction cost is ₺184 million.

İzmir Province
İzmir Province (Turkish: İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts out of 30 in total. To the west, it is surrounded by the Aegean Sea, and it encloses the Gulf of Izmir. Its area is 11,891 square kilometres (4,591 square miles), and its population is 4,462,056 (2022). Neighboring provinces are Balıkesir to the north, Manisa to the east, and Aydın to the south. The traffic code of the province is 35.

Major rivers of the province include the Küçük Menderes river, Koca Çay (with Güzelhisar dam), and Bakırçay.
The Dark Side of the Sun
The Dark Side of the Sun is a science fiction novel by Terry Pratchett, first published in 1976.

It is similar to the work of Isaac Asimov. According to Don D'Ammassa, both this and Pratchett's 1981 sci-fi novel Strata spoof parts of Larry Niven's Ringworld.  The holiday of Hogswatch, which appears in the Discworld books, is celebrated by the characters in The Dark Side of the Sun.

Don D'Ammassa
Donald Eugene D'Ammassa (born April 24, 1946) is an American fantasy, science fiction and horror critic and author. He is chiefly known for his numerous reviews, written over a period of more than thirty years. He writes as Don D'Ammassa.
Sergei Babinov
Sergei Pantilimonovich Babinov (Russian: Сергей Пантилимонович Бабинов; born 11 July 1955 in Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League.

Babinov played for Traktor Chelyabinsk, Krylya Sovetov Moscow and HC CSKA Moscow. He competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics as well as at the Canada Cups both in 1976 and 1981. He was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979.

Traktor Chelyabinsk
Traktor Chelyabinsk, also known as Traktor, or HC Traktor Chelyabinsk, (Russian: ХК Трактор Челябинск; Трактор) is a professional ice hockey club based in Chelyabinsk, Russia. It is a member of the Kharlamov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). From 1967 to 2009, the team played its home games at the Yunost Sport Palace. Since 2009, the club has played in Traktor Ice Arena named after Valery Belousov.