hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage stamps and postal history of Mauritius
Mauritius, a small island in the southwest Indian Ocean, is important to the world of philately for a number of reasons.  Its first two postage stamps issued in 1847, called the "Post Office" stamps, are of legendary rarity and value.  They were the first stamps issued in any part of the British Empire outside of Great Britain.  The unique cover bearing both "Post Office" stamps has been called "la pièce de résistance de toute la philatélie"  or "the greatest item in all philately". The cover was sold at auction, in Zurich, on 3 November 1993, for 5.75 million Swiss francs (inclusive of 15% buyers premium), the equivalent of about $4 million – the highest price ever paid for a single philatelic item up to that time.  In addition, Mauritius is well known for the subsequent locally produced issues known as "primitives," also prized by collectors.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Alexis Heraclides
Alexis Heraclides (born 1952 in Alexandria, Egypt) is a Greek political scientist and public intellectual, professor emeritus of international relations at the Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences. He is the son of ambassador Dimitris Heraclides and dentist Zina Ficardou. He taught at Panteion University from 1993 onwards, from 2004 until 2019 as professor of international relations and conflict resolution.

He has been counselor on minorities and human rights in the Greek Foreign Ministry (1983-1997) and was also appointed as Greek Alternate Expert of the UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities in the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1990-1992).

Panteion University
The Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences (PUSPS; Greek: Πάντειον Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, romanized: Pánteion Panepistī́mio Koinōnikṓn kai Politikṓn Epistīmṓn, ΠΠΚΠΕ), usually referred to simply as the Panteion University (Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Pánteio Panepistī́mio), is a university located in Athens, Greece. Founded in 1927, it is the oldest university of social and political sciences in Greece.

At Panteion University there is a student population of 19,000 students enrolled at graduate and postgraduate level and 360 teaching and administrative staff. The university also offers thirteen postgraduate courses and includes three research institutes, eighteen research centres and four laboratories.
Sheridan Scott
Sheridan Scott is the former Commissioner of Competition (2004–09) of the Competition Bureau of Canada. She joined the Ottawa office of law firm Bennett Jones in March 2009 after leaving the Bureau.

A 1981 graduate in law from the University of Victoria, Scott is a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada. She worked for the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and Bell Canada before being appointed to the Competition Bureau.

Competition Bureau
The Competition Bureau (French: Bureau de la concurrence) is the independent law enforcement agency in charge of regulating competition in Canada, responsible for ensuring that markets operate in a competitive manner.

Headed by the Commissioner of Competition, the agency is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Competition Act, as well as the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act (except as it relates to food), Textile Labelling Act, and the Precious Metals Marking Act.

The Bureau falls within the scope of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, and its minister.
The Lone Trail
The Lone Trail is a 1932 American pre-Code Western film directed by Forrest Sheldon and Harry S. Webb and starring Rex Lease, Virginia Brown Faire and Jack Mower. It was produced as a second feature on Poverty Row. According to a modern source it partly used edited footage from the earlier serial The Sign of the Wolf, although no contemporary confirmation of this exists. It has strong similarities to the plot of the 1935 film Skull and Crown which was based on an earlier story James Oliver Curwood.

Harry S. Webb
Harry S. Webb (October 15, 1892 – July 4, 1959) was an American film producer, director and screenwriter. He produced 100 films between 1924 and 1940. He also directed 55 films between 1924 and 1940. He was the brother of "B"-film producer and director Ira S. Webb and the husband of screenwriter Rose Gordon, who wrote many of his films.

In 1933 Webb and Bernard B. Ray created Reliable Pictures Corporation with a studio at Beachwood and Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Reliable produced and released many Westerns, starting with Girl Trouble (1933), until the company closed in 1937. Its final release was The Silver Trail.

Webb and Ray then started Metropolitan Pictures Corporation in 1938, which produced and released several films until 1940, its last being Pinto Canyon. Webb then produced Westerns for Monogram Pictures.

He was born in Pennsylvania and died in Hollywood, from a heart attack.
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg (Maximilian Karl Franz Michael Hubert Anton Ignatius Joseph Maria von Hohenberg; 29 September 1902 – 8 January 1962), was the elder son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin, Duchess von Hohenberg. Because his parents' marriage was morganatic, he was excluded from succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne, to which his father was heir presumptive, and to inheritance of any of his father's dynastic titles, income, and properties, although not from the archduke's personal estate nor from his mother's property.

Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.
General Federation of Transport and the Environment
The General Federation of Transport and the Environment (French: Fédération générale des transports et de l'environnement, FGTE) is a French trade union representing transportation workers, refuse workers, and those with jobs relating to the environment.

The union was founded in 1977, as the General Federation of Transport and Equipment, when the Federation of Railway Workers merged with the Federation of Seafarers, the Transport Federation, and the Equipment Federation.  It affiliated to the French Democratic Confederation of Labour.  By 1995, the union claimed 40,500 members, and by 2017, this had increased to 43,666.

French Democratic Confederation of Labour
The French Democratic Confederation of Labour (French: Confédération française démocratique du travail, CFDT) is a national trade union center, one of the five major French confederations of trade unions, led since 2023 by Marylise Léon. It is the second largest French trade union confederation by number of members (625,000) and recently becoming first in voting results for representative bodies, having traditionally been second.
Almir Čehajić
Almir Čehajić, also known as Batko, is a Bosnian talk show host and actor. He is the host of the radio programme Udri muški which encourages viewers to donate money to help the programme's guests fund medical procedures.

Formerly a dentist, Čehajić was inspired to start the programme when his daughter died because he did not have the funds for her heart surgery. He decided to start Udri muški to help other people in the same situation. Since its debut in 1999, Udri muški has funded medical treatment and provided financial assistance for over 8,000 people. In 2010, Čehajić was awarded the Humanitarian Award from the International League of Humanists in recognition of his efforts.

As an actor, Čehajić has appeared in the television series Lud, zbunjen, normalan and Pjer Žalica's film Fuse.

SIPA arrested him in October 2020 as he was accused of money laundering. He was parole-released from detention on 18 November 2020.

Bosnians
Bosnians (Bosnian: Bosanci / Босанци; sg. masc. Bosanac / Босанац, fem. Bosanka / Босанкаcode: bos promoted to code: bs ) are people native to the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the region of Bosnia. The term is used regardless of ethnic or cultural affiliation. The term Bosnian refers to all inhabitants/citizens of the country, though people from the region of Herzegovina may prefer the demonym Herzegovinian. The term can also be used as a designation for anyone who is descended from Bosnia.

Bosnian as a demonym is a nationality and does not imply any specific ethnic group. The term should not be confused with the ethnonym Bosniak, which refers to the largest ethnic group in the country. The native ethnic groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats.
Scott Pembroke
Percy Scott Pembroke (September 13, 1889 – February 21, 1951) was an American director, actor and screenwriter. He directed more than 70 films between 1920 and 1937.

Born in San Francisco, California, Pembroke was the son of British-born parents, Samuel Joseph Pembroke and Marian—or Mary Ann—Scott.

Studios for which Pembroke directed films include Chadwick Pictures.

Chadwick Pictures
Chadwick Pictures was an American film production and distribution company active during the silent and early sound eras. It was originally established in New York by Isaac E. Chadwick (1884 – 1952) in 1920 to release films, but from 1924 also began to produce them. In later years the company's independent films were similar to those of other small studios on Poverty Row. Following the introduction of sound, its releases were handled by Monogram Pictures. In 1933 it ceased production entirely.
Gaya Quartet
“Gaya“ (Azerbaijani: Qaya) were an Azerbaijani vocal quartet consisting of Arif Hajiyev, Teymur Mirzoyev, Lev Yelisovetski and Rauf Babayev. Quartet was active from 1972 to 1988. They sang in multiple languages, including Azerbaijani, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian and English in their repertoire. Gaya was formed in 1961, when Rauf Hajiyev invited musicians to work in Azerbaijan State Estrada Orchestra. Such composers as Tofig Guliyev, Fikret Amirov, Rauf Hajiyev, Vasif Adigozalov, Faraj Garayev and Tofig Babayev worked with “Gaya”.

Vasif Adigozalov
Vasif Zulfugar oghlu Adigozalov (alternative spellings: Adigezalov, Adygozal) (Azerbaijani: Vasif Zülfüqar oğlu Adıgözəlov; 28 July 1935 – 15 September 2006) was one of Azerbaijan's most distinguished composers. He is the son of khananda Zulfu Adigozalov, brother of violinist and singer Rauf Adigozalov and the father of conductor Yalchin Adigozalov.
CFEM-DT
CFEM-DT (channel 13), branded TVA Abitibi-Témiscamingue, is a television station licensed to Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada, serving the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region as an affiliate of the French-language network TVA. It is owned by RNC Media alongside Noovo affiliate CFVS-DT (channel 25), licensed to the neighbouring city of Val-d'Or. The two stations share studios on Avenue Murdoch and Avenue de la Saint Anne in Rouyn-Noranda; CFEM-DT's transmitter is located near Chemin Powell (north of Route 101). The station operates a rebroadcaster in Val-d'Or (CFEM-DT-1) on VHF channel 10. Both transmitters flash-cut to digital on September 1, 2011.

CFEM is the youngest of the TVA network affiliates, in terms of the year of sign-on, having launched in 1979.

TVA (Canadian TV network)
TVA is a Canadian French-language terrestrial television network founded in 1963 and owned by Groupe TVA, a publicly traded subsidiary of Quebecor Media.

Headquartered in Montreal, the network only has terrestrial stations in Quebec. However, parts of New Brunswick and Ontario are within the broadcast ranges of TVA stations, and two TVA stations operate rebroadcasters in New Brunswick. Since becoming a national network in 1998, it has been available on cable television across Canada.

TVA is short for Téléviseurs associés (roughly translated to "Associated Telecasters"). This reflects the network's roots as a cooperative.
Major League Baseball on TSN
The MLB on TSN is a television presentation of Major League Baseball games on Canada's TSN (The Sports Network). TSN has broadcast Major League Baseball games since they went on the air in 1984. Their current MLB schedule consists of simulcasting ESPN's Sunday Night Baseball broadcasts on TSN2. TSN had previously broadcast Sunday Night Baseball from 1990 to 2000. TSN has also broadcast Toronto Blue Jays (1984-2009) and Montreal Expos (1985-1999; 2001) games.

Mike Toth
Mike Toth (born September 27, 1963) is a Canadian sports anchor, formerly on Rogers Sportsnet's Sportsnet Connected and with the Fan 590 in Toronto. He grew up in Bassano, Alberta and then spent much of his early career in Calgary, Alberta with CICT-TV as a sports anchor and co-host of the station's "Sports @ 11" nightly sports broadcast.  He then worked as a sports anchor for TSN's SportsCentre. After leaving TSN, Toth hosted the Hockey Central program, as well as guest hosted Prime Time Sports on The Fan 590. Toth was also a co-host on the Fan 590's "The Bullpen" with Mike Hogan from 10:00am to noon.

As of December 2009, Toth has joined Newstalk 1010 as their morning sports announcer.
Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania
Vanderbilt is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 414 at the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 476 tabulated in 2010. The town is named for the railroad tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt and is served by the Connellsville Area School District.

Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877), nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father's business, he worked his way into leadership positions in inland and coastal shipping, then invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry, effectively transforming the geography of the United States.

As one of the richest Americans in history and wealthiest figures overall, Vanderbilt was the patriarch of the wealthy and influential Vanderbilt family. He provided the initial gift to found Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. For his monopoly on shipping and the railroads, facilitated in part by political manipulation, Vanderbilt is often described as either a "captain of industry" or a "robber baron".
2016 Indonesian Movie Actors Awards
The 10th Annual Indonesian Movie Actor Awards was an awards ceremony held on May 30, 2016, at the Studio 14 RCTI, West Jakarta. The show was hosted by Daniel Mananta and Nirina Zubir on awarding night, and Tara Budiman and Ayushita on red carpet. Nominations in the category of "Favorite" were chosen by members of the public via SMS, and in the category of "Best" by an appointed jury.

Mencari Hilal led the nominations with nine, with 3, A Copy of My Mind, Guru Bangsa: Tjokroaminoto, Surat Dari Praha, and Toba Dreams followed with six nominations each. In the night ceremonies, Mencari Hilal was the biggest winner, receiving four awards and Toba Dreams each won two awards.

A special award, Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to Widyawati for her outstanding contribution to Indonesian cinema industry.

In 2016, the edition of this ceremony awards has winning the award for Favorite Special Events at the 19th Annual Panasonic Gobel Awards.

A Copy of My Mind
A Copy of My Mind is a 2015 Indonesian drama film written and directed by Joko Anwar. A low-budget co-production between Indonesia and South Korea, the film stars Tara Basro and Chicco Jerikho. At the 35th Citra Awards, the film received seven nominations, winning three: Best Director for Anwar, Best Actress for Basro, and Best Sound.
1982 GP Ouest-France
The 1982 GP Ouest-France was the 46th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 30 August 1982. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Francis Castaing of the Peugeot team.

Francis Castaing
Francis Castaing (born 22 April 1959) is a French former professional road bicycle racer. He won one stage in the 1985 Tour de France. He also competed in the individual road race event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge
The Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge is a wildlife refuge in southwestern Klamath County on the shores of Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon. It was established in 1928 and contains some 14,400 acres (5,800 ha) of freshwater marshes. It is accessible only by boat from Rocky Point Resort and Rocky Point boat launch, Malone springs, and a few neighboring ramps. The refuge is part of the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex and is administered along with the other refuges of the complex from common offices in Tulelake, California.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
The Stone-Country
The Stone-Country is a 1967 novel by South African novelist Alex La Guma. The novel is set in a prison, and explores how one prisoner inspires others to pursue anti-apartheid politics. It was the last novel La Guma was able to write before his exile from South Africa. The novel was later republished as part of the influential African Writers Series in 1974.

Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
Thomas Stokeley Wilson
Thomas Stokeley Wilson (October 13, 1813 – May 16, 1894) was a judge and attorney from Iowa. Born in Steubenville, Ohio, he graduated from Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in 1833. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives 1866 and 1868 as a Democrat.
He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa Territory 1838-1839 and Judge of the Iowa Supreme Court from December 28, 1846, to October 31, 1847, appointed from Dubuque County, Iowa, and Iowa District Court judge 1852–1863. He died in Dubuque, Iowa.

Washington & Jefferson College
Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. It traces its origin to three Presbyterian missionaries of the 1780s, John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith, whose early schools evolved into two rival institutions: Washington College in Washington, and Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College.

The 60-acre (24 ha) Washington & Jefferson College campus has more than 40 buildings, with the oldest dating to 1793. The college enrolled over 1,100 students as of fall 2022. It has a longstanding tradition of literary societies, dating back before the union of the two colleges. Nearly all of the college's students live on campus, and roughly one-third are members of fraternities or sororities. The W&J athletic program competes in NCAA Division III.
1996 Champion Hurdle
The 1996 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 12 March 1996. It was the 67th running of the Champion Hurdle.

The winner was Wally Sturt's Collier Bay, a six-year-old bay gelding trained in Wiltshire by Jim Old and ridden by Graham Bradley. Collier Bay's victory was a first in the race for jockey, trainer and owner.

Collier Bay, had been unsuccessful flat racer, who had become a good handicapper over hurdles before emerging as a potential champion by defeating Danoli in the Irish Champion Hurdle in January. Starting the 9/1 fourth choice in the betting, he won the Champion Hurdle by two and a half lengths from Alderbrook, the 1995 winner who started the 10/11 favourite. Fourteen of the sixteen runners completed the course.

Irish Champion Hurdle
The Irish Champion Hurdle is a Grade 1 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of about 2 miles (3,219 metres), and during its running there are eight hurdles to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place each year in late January or early February.

The event was established in 1950, and it is now one of two Irish races, along with the Punchestown Champion Hurdle, which can be seen as equivalents of the Champion Hurdle in England. The most recent winner of the Leopardstown version to win the Champion Hurdle in the same season was State Man in 2024. The Irish Champion Hurdle was sponsored by AIG Europe from 1993 to 2008, by Toshiba in 2009 and 2010 and by BHP Insurance from 2011 to 2019. The race has been sponsored by PCI since 2020 and is now part of the Dublin Racing Festival weekend.
1955 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Icelandic writer Halldór Kiljan Laxness (1902–1998) "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland." He is the first and only Icelandic recipient of the Nobel prize in all categories. The literary critic Sveinn Hoskuldsson described him, saying:

"His chief literary works belong to the genre... [of] narrative prose fiction. In the history of our literature Laxness is mentioned beside Snorri Sturluson, the author of "Njals saga", and his place in world literature is among writers such as Cervantes, Zola, Tolstoy, and Hamsun... He is the most prolific and skillful essayist in Icelandic literature both old and new..."

Émile Zola
Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (/ˈzoʊlə/, also US: /zoʊˈlɑː/; French: [emil zɔla]; 2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in his renowned newspaper opinion headlined J'Accuse...!  Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prizes in Literature in 1901 and 1902.
Eisenstein in Guanajuato
Eisenstein in Guanajuato is a 2015 biographical romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Peter Greenaway. Starring Elmer Bäck as Soviet film director Sergei Eisenstein, alongside Stelio Savante, Lisa Owen, Maya Zapata, Luis Alberti, Jakob Öhrman, Rasmus Slätis, and Raino Ranta, the film is an international co-production between companies in the Netherlands, Mexico, Belgium, Finland and France.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.