hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Dongola (1276)
The Battle of Dongola (1276) was fought between the Mamluk Sultanate under Baibars and the Kingdom of Makuria. The Mamluks gained a decisive victory, capturing the Makurian capital Dongola, forcing the king David of Makuria to flee and placing a puppet on the Makurian throne. After this battle the Kingdom of Makuria went into a period of decline until its collapse in the 15th century.

Dongola
Dongola (Dongolawi: ⲇⲟⲩⲛⲅⲟⲩⲗⲁ, Arabic: دنقلا, romanized: Dunqulā), also known as Urdu or New Dongola, is the capital of Northern State in Sudan, on the banks of the Nile. It should not be confused with Old Dongola, a now deserted medieval city located 80 km upstream on the opposite bank.
Debdou
33°59′N 3°03′W﻿ / ﻿33.983°N 3.050°W﻿ / 33.983; -3.050

Debdou (Arabic: دبدو) is a town in Taourirt Province in eastern Morocco. It is known for its historically multi-ethnic population, including Berbers and Moroccan Jews.

The Ait Urtajjen, a Berber family related to the Moroccan dynasty of the Wattasids, had their own semi-independent state here from 1430 until 1563.

Wattasid dynasty
The Wattasid dynasty (Arabic: الوطاسيون, al-waṭṭāsīyūn) was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent. The two families were related, and the Marinids recruited many viziers from the Wattasids. These viziers eventually assumed the powers of the Sultans, seizing control of the Marinid dynasty's realm when the last Marinid, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq, who had massacred many of the Wattasids in 1459, was murdered during a popular revolt in Fez in 1465.

Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya was the first Sultan of the Wattasid Dynasty. He controlled only the northern part of Morocco, the south being divided into several principalities. The Wattasids were finally supplanted in 1554, after the Battle of Tadla, by the Saadi dynasty princes of Tagmadert who had ruled all of southern Morocco since 1511.
Judicial officer
A judicial officer is a person with the responsibilities and powers to facilitate, arbitrate, preside over, and make decisions and directions with regard to the application of the law.

Judicial officers are typically categorized as judges, magistrates, puisne judicial officers such as justices of the peace or officers of courts of limited jurisdiction; and notaries public and commissioners of oaths. The powers of judicial officers vary and are usually limited to a certain jurisdiction.

Judicial officials are also known as persons entitled to the enforcement of enforcement documents, the establishment of factual circumstances, the transfer of documents and any other functions provided for by law. In most countries, they are appointed and dismissed by the Minister of Justice. Their activities are strictly regulated by law and controlled by the state.

Puisne
Puisne (/ˈpjuːni/; from Old French puisné, modern puîné, "later born, younger" (and thence, "inferior") from late Latin post-, "after", and natus, "born") is a legal term of art used mainly in British English meaning "inferior in rank".
Rhododendron serrulatum
Rhododendron serrulatum (syn. Rhododendron viscosum var. serrulatum), the hammocksweet azalea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. It is native to the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida, and possibly eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, the Carolinas, and Virginia. A deciduous shrub reaching 0.6 to 1.8 m (2 to 6 ft), it is typically found in bogs, pocosins, and wet flatwoods.

Pocosin
Pocosin is a type of palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient-deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus.

Pocosins occur in the southern portions of the Atlantic coastal plain of North America, spanning from southeastern Virginia, through North Carolina, and into South Carolina. The majority of pocosins are found in North Carolina. The Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge was created in 1984 to help preserve pocosin wetlands. The nearby Cedar Island National Wildlife Refuge also protects pocosin habitat.
Lakshman Acharya
Lakshman Prasad Acharya (born 3 October 1954) is an Indian politician, serving as the 28th Governor of Assam. He was the 17th Governor of Sikkim from 2023 to 2024. Being affiliated with the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP), he was a member of the Legislative Council from Uttar Pradesh elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly from 2015 to 2023.

He was also Vice-President of Uttar Pradesh state unit of the BJP and the President of Uttar Pradesh Kashi Kshetra BJP.

He was appointed BJP’s election convener of the Varanasi parliamentary seat, which was contested by Shri Narendra Modi for the 2019 General elections.

Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council
The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council, also known as Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad, is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Uttar Pradesh, a state in India. Uttar Pradesh is one of the six states in India, where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council). The Legislative Council is a permanent house, consisting of 100 members.
DHZ
DHZ can refer to:

An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals, a mineralogy textbook

People's Republic of Da Han Zhong, in the video game series Front Mission

Decihertz, a unit of frequency

Dalian Hi-tech Zone, an industrial district in Dalian, Liaoning province, China

Dalian Hi-tech Zone
Dalian Hi-tech Zone (Chinese: 大连高新技术产业园区 or 大连高新区) or DHZ (variant officially used spellings include Dalian High-tech Zone) is an industrial district in the western suburbs of Dalian, Liaoning, China. It extends about 30 kilometres along Lüshun South Road and Guoshui Highway in Shahekou District and Lüshunkou District, where many  of the world's multinational technology companies have operations.
John Henry Tilden
John Henry Tilden (January 21, 1851 – September 1, 1940) was an American physician and natural hygiene proponent best known in circles of alternative healthcare for his criticism of pharmaceutics and for his theory explaining disease via "toxaemia" which influenced the field of naturopathy.

Orthopathy
Orthopathy (from the Greek ὀρθός orthos 'right' and πάθος pathos 'suffering') or natural hygiene (NH) is a set of alternative medical beliefs and practices originating from the Nature Cure movement. Proponents claim that fasting, dieting, and other lifestyle measures are all that is necessary to prevent and treat disease.

Natural hygiene is an offshoot of naturopathy that advocates a philosophy of 'natural living' that was developed in the early nineteenth century. Natural hygienists oppose drugs, fluoridation, immunization, most medical treatments and endorse fasting, food combining and raw food or vegetarian diets.
Isebong Asang
Isebong Maura Asang (c. 1951 – August 2017) was a Belauan writer and educator.

Isebong Asang was the daughter of Belauan parents.  When she was six months old, her father, a naval engineer, brought the family to the village of Tamuning in Guam.  She was raised in Sinajana, Guam.

She published the book Searching for a Palauan: Identity with an English Accent: Language with an Attitude (1999).  Her work explores issues of identity and language in diasporic communities.  She earned a PhD in education from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 2004 with the dissertation Epistemological Implications: Blebaol, Klomengelungel, ma Tekoi er a Belau.  She was a faculty member at Palau Community College.

Palau Community College
Palau Community College is a public community college in the Republic of Palau.  It is the only higher education institution in the nation. It is an independent institution accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and offers associate degrees and certificates.
Gustav Becking
Gustav Wilhelm Becking (4 March 1894 – 9 May 1945) was a German musicologist who studied with Wolf and Hugo Riemann. Becking did his doctorate in 1920. He worked as a professor at Utrecht from 1929, in Prague from 1930 according to The New Grove.

Becking was, along with Joseph and Otmar Rutz, Eduard Sievers, and Alexander Truslit, one of the pioneers of composer pulse theory. This theory combines the rhythmic patterns in music with physical movement. The latter can be represented with conducting curves, so called Becking curves. Becking classified these curves into three categories in which all composers can be placed (Rink 1995 : 64-77).

Hugo Wolf
Hugo Philipp Jacob Wolf (/vɔːlf/; German: [vɔlf]; 13 March 1860 – 22 February 1903) was an Austrian composer, particularly noted for his art songs, or Lieder. He brought to this form a concentrated expressive intensity which was unique in late Romantic music, somewhat related to that of the Second Viennese School in concision but diverging greatly in technique.

Though he had several bursts of extraordinary productivity, particularly in 1888 and 1889, depression frequently interrupted his creative periods, and his last composition was written in 1898, before he suffered a mental collapse caused by syphilis.
Charles W. and Leah Lee House
The Charles W. and Leah Lee House is a historic one-story log house in Torrey, Utah. It was built in 1895 for Charles William Lee, a blacksmith and horseshoer who lived here with his wife, née Leah Arminda Young. The house was designed in the Folk Victorian style, with a hip roof. It was inherited by the Lees' daughter, Celia, who sold it to Ralph and Cora Heath in 1915. They in turn sold it to J.M. and Evangeline Tappan in 1930. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Folk Victorian
Folk Victorian is an architectural style employed for some homes in the United States and Europe between 1870 and 1910, though isolated examples continued to be built well into the 1930s. Folk Victorian homes are relatively plain in their construction but embellished with decorative trim. Folk Victorian is a subset of Victorian architecture. It differentiates itself from other subsets of Victorian architecture (such as Queen Anne) by being less elaborate and having more regular floor plans. Examples include the Bacon Hotel, Albert Spencer Wilcox Beach House, Lost Creek Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Depot (1892), James B. Carden House (1885), Ephriam M. Baynard House, and Sibley's General Store (1899) in the Sibley's and James Store Historic District.
Fabrizio Guidi
Fabrizio Guidi (born 13 April 1972 in Pontedera, Province of Pisa) is an Italian former road bicycle racer. Guidi won over 40 races since he turned professional in 1995, including two stages in Giro d'Italia and three stages of 1998 Vuelta a España. He also won the Intergiro competition of Giro d'Italia in 1996, 1999 and 2000. He retired at the end of 2007 season, riding for the British team Barloworld. He now works as a directeur sportif for UCI WorldTeam UAE Team Emirates XRG.

UAE Team Emirates XRG
UAE Team Emirates XRG (UCI team code: UAD) is an Emirati road bicycle racing team. The team competes at the UCI WorldTeam level and has done so since the UCI World Tour was formed as the top category of road cycling in 2005.

Since becoming UAE Team Emirates in 2018, the team has won the Tour de France four times and the Giro d'Italia once, with Slovenian rider Tadej Pogačar. Pogačar has also won the Monuments of Giro di Lombardia (4 times), Liège–Bastogne–Liège (3 times) and Tour of Flanders (2 times) for the team.

The "XRG" in the current team name indicates the addition of UAE energy sponsor XRG as co-title sponsor and the official energy partner in late 2024, for a 6-year partnership.
Wadhela (tribe)
Wadhela is a Baloch tribe inhabiting the Makran division of Balochistan. They are one of the principal tribes in the Kulanch sub-tehsil of Pasni city in Gwadar. They also inhabit the Kech district of Balochistan, where they were largely responsible for the '1898 Baloch uprising' of Gokprosh.

Some of their principal sub-tribes are the Shahbekzai, Bijarzai, Gamizai, Mahmadzai, Bukkarzai, Saeetzai and Kaurkuchi. Majority of these sub-tribes live in regions of Gwadar, Bahu Kalat, Dashtiari, Kulanch, Turbat and Chabahar.

Pasni (city)
Pasni (Urdu: پسنى), is a city and fishing port in Gwadar District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located on the Makran coast on the Arabian Sea, about 450 km (280 mi) from Karachi. Administratively, Pasni is the headquarters of Pasni Tehsil, a sub-division of Gwadar District. Astola, Pakistan's largest offshore island, lies 40 km (25 mi) ESE of Pasni, in the Arabian Sea. The city of Pasni is administratively subdivided into two Union Councils.
Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik
Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik (also known as Ishalyq Mehmed Pasha, surname also spelled Jalik) was the Ottoman governor of Damascus in 1760, but he was replaced later that year by Uthman Pasha al-Kurji. He served a total of nine months as Wali of Damascus. According to historian Ahmad Hasan Joudah, the conditions under which Muhammad Pasha ruled were "unfavorable" and included devastating earthquakes,a six month-long plague that spread across Ottoman Syria from Antioch to Gaza, a massive food shortage due to the loss of much of the harvest during a frost. Unable to alleviate the situation in Damascus, Muhammad Pasha was dismissed.

Damascus Eyalet
Damascus Eyalet (Arabic: إيالة دمشق; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت شام, romanized: Eyālet-i Šām) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was 51,900 square kilometres (20,020 sq mi). It became an eyalet after the Ottomans took it from the Mamluks following the 1516–1517 Ottoman–Mamluk War. Janbirdi al-Ghazali, a Mamluk traitor, was made the first beylerbey of Damascus. The Damascus Eyalet was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the Syria Vilayet.
John Coakley Lettsom
John Coakley Lettsom FRS (1744 – 1 November 1815) was a British physician and philanthropist born on Little Jost Van Dyke in the British Virgin Islands in a Quaker settlement. The son of a West Indian planter and an Irish mother, he grew up to be an abolitionist. He founded the Medical Society of London in 1773, convinced that a combined membership of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries would prove productive. As the oldest such in the United Kingdom, it is housed in London's medical community at Lettsome House, Chandos Street, near Cavendish Square. Lettsom was its mainstay, as founder, president (1775–1776, 1784–1785, 1808–1811 and 1813–1815) and benefactor.

Abolitionism in the United Kingdom
Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade. It was part of a wider abolitionism movement in Western Europe and the Americas. It spanned over a century and involved a wide range of activists, politicians, religious groups, and former slaves.

The trade of slaves was abolished throughout the British Empire by 1937, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery.
Fecal coliform
A fecal coliform (British: faecal coliform) is a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium. Coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Fecal coliforms are capable of growth in the presence of bile salts or similar surface agents, are oxidase negative, and produce acid and gas from lactose within 48 hours at 44 ± 0.5°C.  The term thermotolerant coliform is more correct and is gaining acceptance over "fecal coliform".

Coliform bacteria include genera that originate in feces (e.g. Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter). The fecal coliform assay is intended to be an indicator of fecal contamination; more specifically of E. coli which is an indicator microorganism for other pathogens that may be present in feces. Presence of fecal coliforms in water may not be directly harmful, and it does not necessarily indicate the presence of feces.

Escherichia
Escherichia (/ˌɛʃəˈrɪkiə/ ESH-ə-RIK-ee-ə) is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. In those species which are inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, Escherichia species provide a portion of the microbially derived vitamin K for their host. A number of the species of Escherichia are pathogenic. The genus is named after Theodor Escherich, the discoverer of Escherichia coli. Escherichia are facultative aerobes, with both aerobic and anaerobic growth, and an optimum temperature of 37 °C. Escherichia are usually motile by flagella, produce gas from fermentable carbohydrates, and do not decarboxylate lysine or hydrolyze arginine. Species include E. albertii, E. fergusonii, E. hermannii, E. ruysiae, E. marmotae and most notably, the model organism and clinically relevant E. coli. Formerly, Shimwellia blattae and Pseudescherichia vulneris were also classified in this genus.
John Barr (Canadian politician)
John Barr (March 4, 1843 – November 19, 1909) was an Ontario-based Canadian physician and political figure. He represented Dufferin in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1879, from 1890 to 1894 and from 1898 to 1904 and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1909 as a Conservative member. From 1890 to 1894, he was a member of the provincial Conservative Equal Rights Party.

He was born near Elizabethtown (later Brockville) in Canada West in 1843, the son of Irish immigrants. He graduated as an M.D. from Victoria University in 1866. Barr served as an associated coroner for Grey County. He was Deputy Master in the South Grey County Orange Lodge. Barr first set up practice in Horning's Mills but later moved to Shelburne. In 1880, he married Ermina E. Palmer. After being reelected in 1879, he was unseated after an appeal. He was later reelected several times to the provincial and federal assemblies. He died in office in 1909.

Grey County
Grey County is a county in the province of Ontario. The county is located in the Southwestern Ontario region, and is a part of the Georgian Triangle. At the time of the 2021 Canadian census the population of the county was 100,905. Owen Sound is the county seat and the largest city in Grey County.
2024 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's singles
Andrey Rublev defeated Félix Auger-Aliassime in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 7–5, to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2024 Madrid Open. It marked Rublev's second Masters 1000 title and 16th career ATP Tour singles title.
Auger-Aliassime became the first Canadian singles finalist at the tournament, and the first to reach a Masters 1000 final on clay.

Carlos Alcaraz, the two-time defending champion, lost in the quarterfinals to Rublev.

Daniil Medvedev became the fifth player born in the 1990s (after Dominic Thiem, Stefanos Tsitsipas, Alexander Zverev, and Grigor Dimitrov) to reach at least the quarterfinals at all nine ATP Masters 1000 events, and the tenth active player overall to accomplish the feat. Taylor Fritz became the first American man to reach the semifinals of the tournament since Robby Ginepri in 2005, and the first to do so since the event switched to clay courts in 2009.

Aleksandar Kovacevic (tennis)
Aleksandar Kovacevic (born August 29, 1998) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 54 achieved on 12 January 2026 and a best doubles ranking of No. 254, reached on 3 April 2023.
Gustaf Lindstrand
Frans Gustaf Johansson Lindstrand (11 February 1883 – 26 March 1959) was a Swedish wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman heavyweight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics, but was eliminated in the third bout.

Wrestling at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman heavyweight
The Greco-Roman heavyweight competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics was part of the wrestling programme.

The competition used a form of double-elimination tournament. Rather than using the brackets that are now standard for double-elimination contests (and which assure that each match is between two competitors with the same number of losses), each wrestler drew a number. Each man would face off against the wrestler with the next number, provided he had not already faced that wrestler and that the wrestler was not from the same nation as him (unless this was necessary to avoid byes).

When only three wrestlers remain (the medalists), the double-elimination halts and a special final round is used to determine the order of the medals.

Heavyweight was the heaviest category, including wrestlers weighing over 82.5 kilograms (181.9 lb).
2012 Havant Borough Council election
The 2012 Havant Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Havant Borough Council in Hampshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 34

Labour 3

Liberal Democrats 1

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal
The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, also known as ACES Journal, is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published monthly by The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society and River Publishers. It covers fundamental and applied research on computational electromagnetics. It was established in 1986 and its editors-in-chief are Sami Barmada (University of Pisa) and Atef Elsherbeni (Colorado School of Mines).

University of Pisa
The University of Pisa (Italian: Università di Pisa, UniPi) is a public research university in Pisa, Italy. Founded in 1343, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe. Together with Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, it is part of the Pisa University System.
Esagu
'eSagu' is a web-based personalized agro-advisory system which uses Information Technology to solve unscientific agricultural practices. Sagu means cultivation in the Telugu-local language of Telangana Andhra Pradesh, the region in which the project started.
E-Sagu means electronic cultivation.
It exploits the advances in Information Technology to build a cost-effective agricultural information dissemination system to disseminate expert agriculture knowledge to the farming community to improve crop productivity.

It is a joint research project of Media lab asia and IIIT Hyderabad

Digital India Corporation
Digital India Corporation (DIC) is an Indian not-for-profit company established by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India, under Section 8 of Companies Act 2013.  The organization is currently responsible for the Information Technology Research Academy and Visvesvaraya PhD scheme in electronics and information technology.
Aphantorhaphopsis
Aphantorhaphopsis is a subgenus of flies in the family Tachinidae. Some consider this to be a subgenus of Siphona, most European workers seem content that this is a genus in its own right. They are known from the Palearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions.

Tachinidae
The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera, with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered. Over 1,300 species have been described in North America alone. Insects in this family commonly are called tachinid flies or simply tachinids. As far as is known, they all are protelean parasitoids, or occasionally parasites, of arthropods, usually other insects.  The family is known from many habitats in all zoogeographical regions and is especially diverse in South America.