hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Britannia Industries
Britannia Industries Limited is an Indian multinational food products company, which sells biscuits, breads and dairy products. Founded in 1892, it is one of India's oldest existing companies and currently part of the Wadia Group headed by Nusli Wadia. As of 2023, about 80% of its revenues came from biscuit products.

Beginning with the circumstances of its takeover by the Wadia Group in the early 1990s, the company has been mired in several controversies connected to its management, but it continues to hold a large market share.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Lance Henson
Lance Henson (born September 20, 1944) is a Cheyenne poet. Henson was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up near Calumet, Oklahoma, where his grandparents raised him in the traditions of the Cheyenne tribe. He has published 50 volumes of poetry, which have been translated into 25 languages. He has been described as the "foremost Cheyenne poet now writing."

Calumet, Oklahoma
Calumet is a town in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, Calumet had a population of 443.

Calumet is a variant term for Ceremonial pipe. Incorporated in 1942, the town's land was settled in the Land Run of 1892.
Icelandic grammar
Icelandic grammar is the set of structural rules that describe the use of the Icelandic language.

Icelandic is a heavily inflected language. Icelandic nouns are assigned to one of three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, or neuter), and are declined into four cases (nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive). Nominals decline into two numbers: singular and plural, and verbs conjugate for person, number, tense, mood, and voice.

Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated ADJ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun.
The adjective is considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.

Examples:

That used to be an immensely funny idea. (Prepositive attributive)

That idea is funny. (Predicative)

Tell me something funny. (Postpositive attributive)

The good, the bad, and the funny. (Substantive)

Clara Oswald, completely funny, died three times. (Appositive)
Sanna Pakirappa
Sanna Pakirappa or Sanna Pakkirappa (born 21 September 1958) is an Indian politician and was a member of 15th Lok Sabha from Raichur constituency. He is cousin of B Sriramulu. He contested from Bellary Rural in 2018 Karnataka Assembly Election.

Raichur Lok Sabha constituency
Raichur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 28 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Karnataka state in southern India. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
State Highway 69 (Karnataka)
Karnataka State Highway 69(sirsi hubli rd) (KA SH 69), is a state highway that runs through Haveri and Uttara Kannada, district in the Indian state of Karnataka. This state highway touches numerous cities like Sirsi NH 766E, Mundgod, and Tadas. The total length of the highway is 75 kilometres (47 mi).

Tadas
Tadas  is a village in the south-western state of Karnataka,  28 km from Hubli and 20 km from Mundgod, India. It is located in the Shiggaon Taluk of Haveri district in Karnataka.
Fighting For Taluk Level Headquarters.
Regina Rameika
Regina Abby Rameika is an American experimental neutrino physicist known for her work with the DONUT collaboration at Fermilab, which provided the first direct observations of the tau neutrino. She continues to work as a distinguished scientist at Fermilab, where she is co-spokesperson for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).

DONUT
DONUT (Direct observation of the nu tau, E872) was an experiment at Fermilab dedicated to the search for tau neutrino interactions. The detector operated during a few months in the summer of 1997, and successfully detected the tau neutrino. It confirmed the existence of the last lepton predicted by the Standard Model. The data from the experiment was also used to put an upper limit on the tau neutrino magnetic moment and measure its interaction cross section.
Uyarani
Uyarani is a 4,321-metre-high (14,177 ft) volcano in the Cordillera Occidental in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Turco Municipality, Turco Canton. It lies south-east of the extinct Sajama volcano and the Chullkani volcano and south-west of the Asu Asuni volcanic complex, between the Challwiri River and the Lauca River.

Turco Municipality
Turco Municipality is the second municipal section of the Sajama Province in the Oruro Department in Bolivia, and was founded on February 15, 1957. Its seat is Turco, situated 154 km west of Oruro at an altitude of 3,860 m. The municipality covers an area of 3,973 km², not taking into account the area of Laca Laca Canton.

It is bordered to the north by the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality and San Pedro de Totora Province, to the south by the Litoral and Sabaya Provinces, to the west by Chile and to the east by the Carangas Province (Qhurqhi (Corque) and Chuqi Quta (Choquecota) Municipalities).
Beatrice Dickson
Cecilia Elise Beatrice Dickson (31 March 1852 – 18 January 1941) was a Swedish philanthropist and a pioneering temperance activist in Gothenburg. In 1884, together with her mother, Dickson founded the Överås Blue Cross Association (Öfverås Blåbandsförening), Sweden's first temperance society, serving as its secretary for 15 years. She also chaired the city's Kristliga Föreningen av Unga Kvinnor or YWCA from 1891 to 1916.

YWCA
The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries.

The World office is currently based in Le Grand-Saconnex, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, and the nonprofit is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The YWCA is independent of the YMCA, but a few local and national YMCA and YWCA associations have merged into YM/YWCAs or YMCA-YWCAs and belong to both organizations, while providing the programs from each (e.g. Sweden did so in 1966).
Xanthoparmelia saniensis
Xanthoparmelia saniensis is a high-elevation species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Sani Pass, east of Customs Gate (Lesotho) at an elevation of 2,875 m (9,432 ft), where it was found growing on exposed dolerite ledges. The lichen thallus, which is tightly attached to its rock substrate, is yellowish green in colour and measures 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) broad. It has dense, globose (roughly spherical) isidia that are constricted at the burst, and burst open at the tip.

Diabase
Diabase (/ˈdaɪ.əˌbeɪs/), also called dolerite (/ˈdɒl.əˌraɪt/) or microgabbro, is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro. Diabase dikes and sills are typically shallow intrusive bodies and often exhibit fine-grained to aphanitic chilled margins which may contain tachylite (dark mafic glass).

Diabase is the preferred name in North America, while dolerite is the preferred name in the rest of the English-speaking world, where sometimes the name diabase refers to altered dolerites and basalts. Some geologists prefer to avoid confusion by using the name microgabbro.
USS Truxtun (DDG-103)
USS Truxtun (DDG-103) is an Arleigh Burke-class (Flight IIA) Aegis guided missile destroyer currently in service with the United States Navy. She is named for American Naval hero Commodore Thomas Truxtun (1755–1822), one of the first six commanders appointed by George Washington to the newly formed U.S. Navy. She is the sixth U.S. naval warship to bear his name.

Thomas Truxtun
Commodore Thomas Truxtun (February 17, 1755 – May 5, 1822) was a United States Navy officer and politician. During the American Revolutionary War, he served as a privateer. Truxtun eventually rose to the rank of Commodore in the late eighteenth century and later served in the Quasi-War with France. He was one of the first six commanders appointed to the new U.S. Navy by President George Washington. During his naval career he commanded a number of famous U.S. naval ships, including USS Constellation and USS President. Later in civilian life he became involved with politics and was also elected as a sheriff. Six U.S. Navy warships have been named for Truxtun since 1842.
Port of Leith
The Port of Leith is a major seaport facility on Scotland’s east coast, serving the city of Edinburgh. It is operated by Forth Ports, and is Scotland’s largest enclosed deep-water port. Much of the port is built on reclaimed land, with the shore moving northwards over the years.

From the 1990s onward, Leith has seen major regeneration. Projects include the Ocean Terminal shopping complex (with the permanently berthed royal yacht HMY Britannia) and the Victoria Quay offices of the Scottish Government.

Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground, reclaimed land, or land fill. The term "reclamation" is a misnomer, and promotes confusion with land rehabilitation.
Altos Hornos de México
Altos Hornos de México, S.A.B. de C.V. (AHMSA) is a  steel plant in Mexico. It has corporate offices in Monclova, Coahuila, in the center of the Mexican state of Coahuila, 155 miles from the United States border.

Comisión Federal de Electricidad
The Comisión Federal de Electricidad (English: Federal Electricity Commission) is the state-owned electric utility of Mexico, widely known as CFE. The Mexican constitution states that the government is responsible for the control and development of the national electric industry, and CFE carries out this mission. The company's slogan is "Una empresa de clase mundial" ("A World-Class Company").
Joseph Fischer (footballer)
Joseph Fischer (24 February 1909 – 6 June 1986) was a Luxembourgish footballer. Fischer made his debut for Luxembourg, aged 15 years 7 months and 11 days. He later competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Luxembourg national football team
The Luxembourg national football team (nicknamed the Red Lions; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch Foussballnationalekipp, French: Équipe du Luxembourg de football, German: Luxemburgische Fußballnationalmannschaft) is the national football team of Luxembourg, and is controlled by the Luxembourg Football Federation. The team plays most of its home matches at the Stade de Luxembourg in Luxembourg City.

Luxembourg has participated in every FIFA World Cup qualifiers since those for the 1934 World Cup, and in UEFA European Championship qualifiers since those for Euro 1964. As of 2026, they have never qualified for any of these major tournaments. Luxembourg is the nation with the most qualifying campaigns in both of these competitions without ever making it to the finals. However, they did compete in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952.
Raouf Bundhun
Abdool Raouf Bundhun (Urdu: ابو طالب کسنیلی; born 14 January 1937) who served as the third vice president of Mauritius from 2002 to 2007. He was elected by National Assembly of Mauritius on 25 February 2002 for a term of five years. Prior to assuming office he had been Mauritius' ambassador to France. He has also been the member of National Assembly of Mauritius for two terms; from 1967 to 1976 and 1995 to 2000. From 1969 to 1975 he had been the Minister for youth and sports and appointed parliamentary secretary by Seewoosagur Ramgoolam in 1969. In 1976 he became the minister of energy of Mauritius. He has chaired the Development Works Corporation.

Ghazipur district
Ghazipur district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Ghazipur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Varanasi Division. The region of Ghazipur is famous mainly for the production of its unique rose-scented Spray called Gulab Jal, and for the tomb of the Governor General of British India, Lord Cornwallis, who died here. His tomb is situated in Western part of City, and is conserved by Archaeological Survey of India.
Trethewey (surname)
Trethewey is a surname of Cornish origin. It is derived from any of the various settlements in Cornwall called Trethewey.

Notable people with the surname include:

Fred Trethewey (born 1949), British archdeacon

Natasha Trethewey (born 1966), American poet

Richard Trethewey (born c. 1955), American plumber and television personality

Robert Trethewey (1902–1989), Australian politician

Tom Trethewey (born 1944), American swimmer

William Griffith Trethewey (1865–1926), Canadian inventor, prospector and farmer

William Trethewey (1892–1956), New Zealand sculptor and monumental mason

Cornwall portal

Fred Trethewey
Frederick Martyn Trethewey (born 24 January 1949) was the Archdeacon of Dudley until his retirement in September 2013.

Trethewey was educated at St Austell Grammar School and Bedford College, London. He was ordained in 1978  and was a curate at St Mark's with St Anne's Tollington Park and St Andrew's Whitehall Park before becoming a team vicar at Hornsey then vicar of Brockmoor. He was Rural Dean of Himley from 1996 to 2001.

He was born in Cornwall and went to St Austell Boys Grammar School from 1960 to 1967.
Sandy Campbell (British Army officer)
Alexander Fraser Campbell, GC (2 May 1898 – 18 October 1940), known as Sandy Campbell, was a British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for conspicuous gallantry in defusing a bomb in October 1940.

Bomb disposal
Bomb disposal is an explosives engineering profession using the process by which hazardous explosive devices are disabled or otherwise rendered safe. Bomb disposal is an all-encompassing term to describe the separate, but interrelated functions in the military fields of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), and the public safety roles of public safety bomb disposal (PSBD) and the bomb squad.
CMS EXEC
CMS EXEC, or EXEC, is an interpreted, command procedure control, computer scripting language used by the CMS EXEC Processor supplied with the IBM Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System (VM/CMS) operating system.

Stuart Madnick wrote EXEC for Cambridge Monitor System (CMS) under CP-67 in 1966 at MIT on the model of CTSS RUNCOM.  He originally called this processor COMMAND, and it was later renamed EXEC.

CMS EXEC has been superseded by EXEC 2 and REXX. All three — CMS EXEC, EXEC 2 and REXX — continue to be supported by the IBM CMS product.

Stuart Madnick
Stuart E. Madnick (born 1944) is an American computer scientist, and professor of information technology at the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology school of engineering. He is the director of Cybersecurity at MIT Sloan (CAMS), formerly called the MIT Interdisciplinary Consortium for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity ((IC)³).
Première Ligue Player of the Month
The Première Ligue Player of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best adjudged Première Ligue player each month of the season.

The award was created by French Football Federation in September 2020 as Division 1 Féminine Player of the Month with the support of league's title sponsors Arkema and television right holders Canal+. It is currently known as Arkema Première Ligue Player of the Month due to sponsorship reasons. In October 2021, UNFP joined other sponsors to become a partner of the trophy. The winner is chosen by a combination of votes from players of Division 1 Féminine clubs and online public vote.

The most recent recipient of the award is Nantes player Lucie Calba, who won the award in December 2025.

FC Nantes (women)
Football Club de Nantes (Breton: Naoned; Gallo: Naunnt), commonly referred to as FC Nantes or simply Nantes (IPA: [nɑ̃t] ⓘ), is a women's football club based in Nantes, France. It has been the women's section of FC Nantes since 2012. Coached by Nicolas Chabot, the club competes in the Première Ligue.
Moiynkum Desert
The Moiynkum Desert (Kazakh: Мойынқұм, Moiynqūm), is a desert in the Turkistan and Zhambyl regions of southern Kazakhstan.

Common plant types in the desert include saksaul, milkvetch, mugwort and sedge. The Andasay State Nature Reserve is a 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres) protected area that was established in 1966.

Turkistan Region
Turkistan Region, formerly known as South Kazakhstan Region from 1992 to 2018 and Chimkent Region from 1963 to 1991, is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan, bordering Uzbekistan. It had a population of 2,088,510 as of the 2022 Kazakhstan census.

The region's capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent until 2018. Other cities in the region include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger.
Individual dressage at the 2015 European Dressage Championships
The individual dressage at the 2015 European Dressage Championships in Aachen, Germany was held at Stade Michel d'Ornano from 12 to 16 August.

Great Britain's Charlotte Dujardin won gold medal in both Grand Prix Special and Grand Prix Freestyle, repeating her success from 2013 European Dressage Championship held in Herning, Denmark. Kristina Bröring-Sprehe representing the host nation Germany won a silver medal in both Grand Prix Freestyle and Grand Prix Special. Hans Peter Minderhoud of Netherlands won a bronze in special, his first ever individual championship medal while Spain's Beatriz Ferrer-Salat won a bronze in freestyle, the first medal for Spain since 2005.

Charlotte Dujardin
Charlotte Susan Jane Dujardin (born 13 July 1985) is a British dressage rider, equestrian, and writer. A multiple World and Olympic champion, Dujardin has been described as the dominant dressage rider of her era. In 2014 she held the complete set of available individual elite dressage titles: the individual Olympic freestyle, World freestyle and Grand Prix Special, World Cup individual dressage and European freestyle, and Grand Prix Special titles. Dujardin was the first rider to hold this complete set of titles at the same time.

Her six Olympic medals are a joint record for a female British Olympian; cyclist Laura Kenny has won more golds.

On 23 July 2024, Dujardin pulled out of the 2024 Summer Olympics after a video surfaced of her excessively whipping a horse during training. She was provisionally handed a one-year suspension, which was upheld by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports in December 2024.
Gorenja Dobrava, Trebnje
Gorenja Dobrava (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾeːnja dɔˈbɾaːʋa]) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia. It lies east of Trebnje, on a road leading north from Dolenja Nemška Vas. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Trebnje
The Municipality of Trebnje (pronounced [ˈtɾeːbnjɛ] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Trebnje) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The seat of the municipality is the town of Trebnje.

The municipality was established on 3 October 1994. It was increased in size on 6 August 1998, when the settlements of Kostanjevica and Ravne nad Šentrupertom were transferred to the municipality from the neighboring Municipality of Litija. It was then reduced in size on 13 June 2006 with the formation of the new municipalities of Mokronog-Trebelno and Šentrupert from the municipality's territory. On February 26, 2011, Trebnje was again reduced in size when the Municipality of Mirna was reestablished.
Ruslan Kishmaria
Ruslan Kishmaria is a politician from Abkhazia. Between May 1994 and 1997, and again from 1998 to March 2004, he was head of the Gali District. Between 1997 and 1998, Kishmaria was a deputy of the People's Assembly of Abkhazia. In 2004, Kishmaria unsuccessfully ran for Vice President alongside Anri Jergenia, finishing in fourth place with 2.63% of the vote.

On 4 May 2016, Kishmaria was awarded the Order of Leon by President Raul Khajimba.

People's Assembly of Abkhazia
The People's Assembly – Parliament of the Republic of Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аԥсны Жәлар Реизара – Апарламент, romanized: Apsny Žwlar Reizara – Aparlament, Georgian: აფხაზეთის ე.წ რესპუბლიკის სახალხო კრება, romanized: apkhazetis e.ts' resp'ublik'is sakhalkho k'reba, Russian: Народное Собрание – Парламент Республики Абхазия, romanized: Narodnoye Sobraniye – Parlament Respubliki Abkhaziya) is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Abkhazia.
The Hanging Tree (Marty Robbins song)
"The Hanging Tree" is a western ballad from the 1959 movie The Hanging Tree.  It was scored by Max Steiner and written by Mack David and Jerry Livingston, who received nominations for the Laurel Awards and the Academy Awards in 1960. The text is a short reference to the film's story.

Laurel Awards
The Laurel Awards were American cinema awards that honored films, actors, producers, directors, and composers. This award was created by the Motion Picture Exhibitor magazine, and ran from 1948 to 1971 (with the exception of 1969).

The winners of Laurel Awards were determined by both American and Canadian film buyers. After the vote, the results were published in the magazine and each winner was given a golden plaque.
2011 Challenger of Dallas
The 2011 Challenger of Dallas was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was a Challenger of Dallas competition that forms part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Dallas, United States, between 28 February and 6 March 2011.

The defending champions in the singles tournament was Ryan Sweeting from the US, while the doubles champions, also from the US, were Scott Lipsky and David Martin.

David Martin (tennis)
David Martin (born February 22, 1981) is an American professional tennis player.

He teamed with Scott Lipsky to win his first ATP doubles title in February 2008 at the SAP Open in San Jose, California, defeating the number one ranked doubles team of Bob and Mike Bryan.
Hirsch Residence
Hirsch Residence is a historic home located at Havre de Grace, Harford County, Maryland.  The house was built between 1969 and 1970, and is a one-story, mid-century modern, single-family dwelling.  It features low, horizontal, modernist massing in an L-shaped plan.  It was designed by noted female architect Poldi Hirsch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2023.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.