hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Datu Saudi Ampatuan
Datu Saudi Ampatuan, officially the Municipality of Datu Saudi Ampatuan (Maguindanaon: Ingud nu Datu Saudi Ampatuan; Iranun: Inged a Datu Saudi Ampatuan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Datu Saudi Ampatuan), is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 31,060 people.

Maguindanao language
Maguindanaon (Basa Magindanawn, Jawi: باس مڬندنون‎), or Magindanawn  is an Austronesian language spoken by Maguindanaon people who form majority of the population of eponymous provinces of Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, General Santos, and Cagayan de Oro, and the provinces of Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, Bukidnon as well as Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Rizal and Laguna. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the ninth leading language spoken at home in the Philippines with only 365,032 households still speaking the language.
2010–11 Maltese Premier League
The 2010–11 Maltese Premier League is the 96th season of the Maltese Premier League, the top-tier football league in Malta. It began in August 2010 and ended in May 2011. Birkirkara are the defending champions, having won their third title last season.

The Premier League consists of two rounds. In the first round, every team plays each opponent twice, once "home" and once "away" (in actuality, the designation of home and away is purely arbitrary as most of the clubs do not have their own grounds), for a total of 18 games. The league then splits into two pools. Earned points are subsequently halved. Teams that finish in positions 1–6 compete in the "Top Six" and teams that finish in positions 7–10 play in the "Play-Out".

On 13 January 2011, the Malta Football Association decided to expand the league to 12 teams as from the 2011–12 season. Therefore, changes had to be made to accommodate the new number of teams. Thus only one team would be relegated at the end of this season.

Maltese Premier League
The Maltese Premier League, known as Yo Health Malta Premier for sponsorship reasons with Yo Health (colloquially known as Il-Kampjonat Premjer), is the highest level of professional football in Malta. Managed by the Malta Football Association, the Premier League is contested by 12 teams and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Challenge League. As of June 2022, the Premier League ranks 46th out of 55 members in the UEFA coefficient.

The league was first contested in 1909 as the First Division, before switching to its current name in 1980; the First Division in turn replaced the Second Division. Sliema Wanderers and Floriana have won the title a record 26 times. The current champions are Ħamrun Spartans who won their 11th title in the 2024-25 season.
Wildmoossee
The Wildmoossee is an aperiodic mountain lake, 3 kilometres west of Seefeld in Tirol near the village of Wildmoos in the market borough of Telfs.

The lake lies in the area of the water-soluble main dolomite of the Seefeld Plateau at a height of 1,316 metres. As a result the ground underneath contains chasms that reach up to the bottom of the lake. About every four years, so much groundwater builds up as a result of precipitation and snow meltwater that it is forced upwards out of the chasms under pressure and emerges spring-like at the surface, filling the lake basin. The highest water levels are usually reached in May. In late autumn, the lake empties itself again.

This cycle can change due to the variable level of water resulting from variations in precipitation.

The same karst landscape related phenomenon occurs at the Lottensee lake, 1.5 kilometres to the southwest.

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
André Petermann
Andreas Emil Petermann (27 September 1922– 21 August 2011), known as André Petermann, was a Swiss theoretical physicist known for introducing the renormalization group, suggesting a quark-like model, and work related to the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the muon.

Petermann obtained his doctorate from the University of Lausanne in May 1952 under the supervision of professor Ernst Stueckelberg. The work was funded by the Swiss Atomic Energy Commission. Following Lausanne, Petermann moved on to the University of Manchester, UK, before he became a CERN staff member in 1955. The CERN Theory Division was at that time still hosted at the University of Copenhagen.
 It was then moved to Geneva together with the CERN experimental groups in 1957.

University of Lausanne
The University of Lausanne (UNIL; French: Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland, was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second-oldest in Switzerland, and one of the oldest universities in the world to be in continuous operation. As of fall 2017, about 15,000 students and 3,300 employees studied and worked at the university. Approximately 1,500 international students attend the university (120 nationalities), which has a wide curriculum including exchange programs with other universities.

Together with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) the university forms a vast campus at the shores of Lake Geneva.
Bern District
Bern District (German: Amtsbezirk Bern, French: District de Berne, Italian: Distretto di Berna) is a constitutional district and used to be an administrative district in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It had an area of 233 km2 (90 sq mi) and a population of 237,919 (in January 2005).

From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), whose administrative centre is Ostermundigen. Since 2010, it remains a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.

Its capital was the city of Bern, which contains around half the population. The district consists of thirteen municipalities:

Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)
Bern-Mittelland District in the canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Bern-Mittelland administrative region, and is the only district in the region. It contains 74 municipalities with an area of 946.30 km2 (365.37 sq mi) and a population (as of 2020) of 418,191.

It is made up of the valley of the rivers Aare and Emme, some of the foothills of the Bernese Alps, as well as the plain around the capital Bern, and has many small farms and hilly forested regions with small to mid-sized towns scattered throughout.
Loudspeakers in mosques
Loudspeakers were invented in the early 20th century, and they were introduced in mosques in the 1930s, where they are used by a muezzin for the adhan ("call to prayer"), and sometimes for khutbah in Islam. Outdoor loudspeakers, usually mounted on tall minarets, are used five times a day for the call to prayer. Loudspeakers are sometimes also used inside mosques to deliver sermons or for prayer. Electrically amplified adhans have become commonplace in countries such as Turkey and Morocco, whereas in others such as the Netherlands only 7 to 8% of all mosques employ loudspeakers for the call to prayer.

The loudspeakers are also used as an early warning system and function as civil defense sirens in countries such as Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.

Call to prayer
A call to prayer is a summons for participants of a faith to attend a group worship or to begin a required set of prayers. The call is one of the earliest forms of telecommunication, communicating to people across great distances. All religions have a form of prayer, and many major religions have a form of the call to prayer.
Frank Bradley (baseball)
Frank E. Bradley (February 3, 1918 – December 2, 2002) was an American Negro league pitcher between 1937 and 1942.

A native of Benton, Louisiana, Bradley made his Negro leagues debut in 1937 with the Kansas City Monarchs. He played six seasons with Kansas City through 1942. Bradley died in Benton in 2002 at age 84.
In some sources, his career is combined with that of Provine Bradley.

Kansas City Monarchs
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. Wilkinson was the first white owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any Major League Baseball team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record and produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. After relocating to Grand Rapids, Michigan, the team was disbanded in 1965.
2016 K League Challenge
The 2016 K League Challenge was the fourth season of the K League 2, the second-highest division in the South Korean football league system. Originally, K League Challenge champions could be promoted to the K League Classic, but Ansan Mugunghwa lost its qualification for the promotion after Ansan Government decided to break up with police football team from next year. Runners-up Daegu FC directly qualified for the Classic instead of champions Ansan Mugunghwa, and third, fourth and fifth-placed team advanced to the promotion playoffs.

South Korean football league system
The South Korean football league system contains two professional leagues, two semi-professional leagues, and various amateur leagues for Korean football clubs.

The highest level of football in South Korea is the K League 1, which was founded in 1983. K League 2 was founded in 2013 and is currently a second division. Below the level of the professional leagues are the semi-professional K3 League, which was founded in 2007 and refounded in 2020, and the K4 League, which was founded in 2020, and serve as the third division and fourth division, respectively.

There was no avenue for progression between any of the leagues until 2012, when the K League 2 was founded.

The highest level of women's football in South Korea is the WK League, which was founded in 2009.
Warburton, Western Australia
Warburton, Warburton Ranges or Milyirrtjarra (in the Ngaanyatjarra dialect) is an Aboriginal Australian community in Western Australia, just to the south of the Gibson Desert and located on the Great Central Road (part of the Outback Way) and Gunbarrel Highway. At the 2016 census, Warburton had a population of 576.

Outback Highway
The Outback Highway or Outback Way is a series of roads and dirt tracks linking Laverton, Western Australia and Winton, Queensland. At 2,719 km (1,690 mi), it crosses Central Australia (colloquially known as the Outback), passing through Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.
Hulavalewadi
Hulavalewadi is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Lonavala railway station
Lonavala railway station is a railway station in Lonavala, a hill station in the state of Maharashtra in India. Lonavala station is the origin of Lonavala–Pune Suburban Trains. Seventeen suburban trains operate on the Pune–Lonavala route. Lonavala is also a halt for Mumbai–Pune Express and Mail trains. The Karjat–Pune passenger train also has a halt at Lonavala. Trains traveling on the Kalyan–Pune route also halt at Lonavala. This station leads access to Lonavala town and nearby areas like Karla Caves, Bhaja Caves, Lohagad, Visapur Fort, Bhushi Dam and Bhor Ghat (Khandala Ghat). Khandala hill station is just 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Lonavla.
Joe Gray (American football)
Joseph Arlo Gray (November 8, 1915 – May 11, 1999) was an American football back. He attended Roosevelt High School in Oregon, where he was a two-time first-team All-Portland Interscholastic League (PIL) selection, and enrolled at Oregon State University in 1934. Nicknamed "the Gray Ghost", he played college football for the Oregon State Beavers and was a first-team All-Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) performer and second-team All-American. He was selected in the first round (10th overall) of the 1938 NFL draft by the Chicago Bears, but never played professionally.

Oregon State Beavers football
The Oregon State Beavers football team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The team first fielded an organized football team in 1893 and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.

Their home games are played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, Oregon.
2009 Open de Rennes – Singles
Josselin Ouanna was the defending champion,
but retired in the second round match against Stefano Galvani while scores were 6–7(1–7), 7–6(7–4).

Alejandro Falla won this tournament, by defeating Thierry Ascione 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

Alejandro Falla
Alejandro Falla Ramírez (Spanish pronunciation: [aleˈxandɾo ˈfaʎa raˈmiɾes]; born 14 November 1983) is a Colombian former professional tennis player. The left-hander turned professional in 2000 and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 48 in July 2012. At the 2006 Wimbledon tournament, Falla upset ninth seed Nikolay Davydenko and at the 2007 Sony Ericsson Open he beat ninth seed Tommy Haas in straight sets. He reached the semifinals of the Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon in 2007, beating players such as the fifth seed Ivan Ljubičić.
Tasnin
Tasnin (Arabic: تسنين, romanized: Tāsnīn, also spelled Tasneen) is a village in  middle of Syria, northern of Homs administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located 20 kilometers northwest of Homs in between the cities of al-Rastan and Talbisehto West Alaasee River . Other nearby localities include Kafr Nan and Kissin to the northwest, Gharnatah to the northeast and Akrad Dayasinah to the southwest.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tasnin had a population of 2,713 in the 2004 census. half of its inhabitants are Turkmen Sunni Muslims, and the other half Alawites. Tasnin's inhabitants mostly work in agriculture and husbandry. The village has three schools and a mosque.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
AMK Hub
AMK Hub (abbreviation for Ang Mo Kio Hub) (Chinese: 宏茂桥坊) is a suburban shopping mall located in Ang Mo Kio, within the North-East Region of Singapore. It is connected to Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange which is linked to Ang Mo Kio MRT station via an underpass. The shopping mall has 48,250 square metres of gross floor area and 350,000 square feet (33,000 m2) of retail space.

Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.
Pitus Prat
José Prat Ripollés, better known as Pitus Prat (26 April 1911 – 11 March 1988), was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for Espanyol and Real Madrid between 1928 and 1941. He also played four matches for the Spanish national team in 1933. He is best known for being the author of the first-ever goal in the history of La Liga in 1929, as well as the second footballer to play for both Espanyol and Madrid.

He later worked as a manager, taking charge of the likes of Mallorca.

1940 Copa del Generalísimo
The 1940 Copa del Generalísimo was the 38th staging of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition.

The competition started on 12 May 1940 and concluded on 30 June 1940 with the final, held at the Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas in Madrid.
The Best of The Kentucky Headhunters: Still Pickin'
The Best of The Kentucky Headhunters: Still Pickin' is a greatest hits album released by American southern rock/country rock band The Kentucky Headhunters. It was the first album collection of hits from the band's career up to that point. The album includes tracks from their first three studio albums, as well as "Let's Work Together" (from the soundtrack to Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man) and a cover of "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away."

Southern rock
Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitars and vocals.
43rd Guldbagge Awards
The 43rd Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 2007, and took place on 21 January 2008. You, the Living directed by Roy Andersson was presented with the award for Best Film.

Swedish Film Institute
The Swedish Film Institute (Swedish: Svenska Filminstitutet, SFI) is a statutory body located in Stockholm, Sweden that supports the Swedish film industry. Founded in 1963 (1963), the institute is responsible for administering the annual Guldbagge Awards, and for managing the Swedish Film Database. Notable CEOs of the institute include founder-director Harry Schein (1963–1970 and 1972–1978) and Anna Serner (2011–2021). Serner is known for creating an initiative which aimed for gender parity in the film industry. Since mid-April 2024 the CEO is Anna Croneman.
Christ in Glory with Four Saints and a Donor
Christ in Glory with Four Saints and a Donor is a c.1492 tempera on panel painting by Domenico Ghirlandaio and his studio.

It was commissioned by Giusto Bonvicini, abbot of the Camaldolese Santi Giusto e Clemente Abbey in Volterra - the two standing saints may be saints Giovanni Gualberto and Saint Romuald, linked to the Camaldolese Congregation. It was painted in Ghirlandaio's studio in Florence (only details and the original composition are thought to be by the master) and taken to Volterra, where it is now in the town's Pinacoteca e museo civico di Volterra.

John Gualbert
Giovanni Gualberto (c. 985 – 12 July 1073) was an Italian Roman Catholic abbot and the founder of the Vallumbrosan Order. Born into a noble family, Gualberto was a predictably vain individual who sought pleasure in vanities and romantic intrigues. When his older brother Ugo was murdered, Gualberto set out for revenge. He found the murderer in Florence, but as it was Good Friday, granted the killer's plea for mercy. Soon after Gualberto became a member of the Order of Saint Benedict though he left in order to found his own congregation. He condemned nepotism and all simoniacal actions and was known for the pureness and meekness of his faith. Even popes held him in high esteem.

Miracles were reported at his tomb after his death. Pope Celestine III canonized Gualberto on 24 October 1193.
Acacia kingiana
Acacia kingiana was a species of wattle that occurred in an area north east of Wagin in the Avon Wheatbelt region of south-west Western Australia. It has been declared extinct under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, 
and Western Australia's Wildlife Conservation Act 1950.

The species was described by Joseph Maiden and William Blakely in 1928. They described the species as a bushy shrub 2–3 metres (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in) tall, with 10-millimetre (0.39 in)-long, 2-millimetre (0.079 in)-wide phyllodes, and yellow flowers. It grew in gravelly soil.

Joseph Maiden
Joseph Henry Maiden ISO (25 April 1859 – 16 November 1925) was a botanist who made a major contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, especially the genus Eucalyptus. He is denoted by the author abbreviation Maiden when citing a botanical name.
SN-2
SN-2 is a chemical compound which acts as an "agonist" (i.e. channel opener) for the TRPML3 calcium channel, with high selectivity for TRPML3 and no significant activity at the related TRPML1 and TRPML2 channels. It has demonstrated antiviral activity in an in vitro model.

Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections. They should be distinguished from virucides, which are not medication but deactivate or destroy virus particles, either inside or outside the body. Natural virucides are produced by some plants such as eucalyptus and Australian tea trees.
Playfair cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone, but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use.

The technique encrypts pairs of letters (bigrams or digrams), instead of single letters as in the simple substitution cipher and rather more complex Vigenère cipher systems then in use. The Playfair cipher is thus significantly harder to break since the frequency analysis used for simple substitution ciphers does not work with it.  The frequency analysis of bigrams is possible, but considerably more difficult. With 600 possible bigrams rather than the 26 possible monograms (single symbols, usually letters in this context), a considerably larger cipher text is required in order to be useful.

Bigram
A bigram or digram is a sequence of two adjacent elements from a string of tokens, which are typically letters, syllables, or words. A bigram is an n-gram for n=2.

The frequency distribution of every bigram in a string is commonly used for simple statistical analysis of text in many applications, including in computational linguistics, cryptography, and speech recognition.

Gappy bigrams or skipping bigrams are word pairs which allow gaps (perhaps avoiding connecting words, or allowing some simulation of dependencies, as in a dependency grammar).