hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pero Escobar
Pero Escobar, also known as Pedro Escobar, was a 15th-century Portuguese navigator who discovered São Tomé (December 21, 1471), Annobón (January 1, 1472), Príncipe (January 17, 1472) islands,  together with João de Santarém c. 1470. He is then recorded sailing with Diogo Cão on his first voyage in 1482, and as the pilot of the famous Bérrio caravel on Vasco da Gama's first expedition in 1497 to sail directly from Europe to India. He was also on Pedro Álvares Cabral's discovery of Brazil in 1500.

In 1471, working in the service of Lisbon merchant Fernão Gomes, who had a concession for the exploration and trade in the Gulf of Guinea, Pedro Escobar helped to discover the gold industry that would grow around Elmina in 1471.

Elmina
Elmina (Fante: Edina) is a town and the capital of the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem District on the south coast of Ghana in the Central Region.: 1  It is situated on a bay on the Atlantic Ocean, 12.2 km (7.6 mi) west of Cape Coast. Elmina was the first European settlement in West Africa and it has a population of 33,576 people, as of 2013. The current Municipality chief of Elmina is Solomon Ebo Appiah.

When the Portuguese, after first coming in contact with the Gold Coast, struck an agreement with the King of Elmina to build the  São Jorge da Mina Castle in the 1470s, the settlement grew to become an important centre of commerce and trade in the region. Nowadays, Elmina shows strong influences from Europe in its culture and people.
Jurix
Jurix was an early Linux distribution created by Florian La Roche, a former employee of the legal department at Saarland University. The distribution was maintained between 1993 and 1999 and hosted on the now-defunct "jurix.jura.uni-sb.de" and "susix.jura.uni-sb.de" domains.

In 1996, jurix superseded Slackware as a base for SuSE Linux.

The name "jurix" was borrowed from the department's first HTTP server, named by Alexander Sigel. It is not known whether the name was taken from the nearby Dutch law and IT organisation JURIX, or simply a portmanteau of "Jura" (meaning "law" in German) and "Unix".

A readme from 1999 touts the following software, among others:

modularized kernel 2.0.37 and 2.2.10

libc 5.4.46

egcs 1.1.2

ncurses 4.2-980822

shadow passwords

XFree86 3.3.3.1

KDE 1.1.1

KDE
KDE is an international free software community that develops free and open-source software. As a central development hub, it provides tools and resources that enable collaborative work on its projects. Its products include the KDE Plasma graphical shell, KDE Frameworks, and the KDE Gear range of applications including Kate, digiKam, and Krita. Many KDE applications are cross-platform and can run on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows. KDE is legally represented by KDE e.V. based in Germany, which also owns the KDE trademarks and funds the project.
Julio César Enciso (footballer, born 1974)
Julio César Enciso Ferreira (born 5 August 1974 in Capiatá) is a Paraguayan association footballer who played as a midfielder. He made 70 appearances for the Paraguay national team between 1995 and 2004, scoring twice.

Capiatá
Capiatá (Spanish pronunciation: [ka.pjaˈta]) is a city and a district in Central Department, Paraguay.

It is the only city in Central that borders seven cities: Aregua, Itaugua, Juan Augusto Saldívar, Luque, Ñemby, San Lorenzo and Ypane.

It is the location of the Francisco López Military Academy.
Euphorbia ambarivatoensis
Euphorbia ambarivatoensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.  Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

As most other succulent members of the genus Euphorbia, its trade is regulated under Appendix II of CITES.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Silver Peak (Fresno County, California)
Silver Peak is an 11,878-foot-elevation (3,620-meter) mountain summit located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in Fresno County, California, United States. It is set in the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Sierra National Forest. Silver Peak ranks as the 455th-highest summit in California, and topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises nearly 2,300 feet (700 meters) above Beetlebug Lake in approximately one mile. It is six miles (9.7 km) north of Lake Thomas A Edison, and approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of the community of Mammoth Lakes. The peak is situated on Silver Divide, two miles northwest of Graveyard Peak. The first ascent of the summit was made prior to 1937 by an unknown party. Inclusion on the Sierra Peaks Section peakbagging list generates climbing interest.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Henry Panion
Henry Panion, III is an American composer, arranger, conductor, educator, and Professor in the Department of Music at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Panion has produced, arranged  and conducted for a number of noted artists, such as Stevie Wonder, The Winans, Chet Atkins, Ellis Marsalis, Jr. with the SuperJazz Big Band, Eugenia Zukerman, Aretha Franklin, The Blind Boys of Alabama, Chaka Khan, the Lionel Hampton Orchestra, and American Idol winners Carrie Underwood and Ruben Studdard.

Panion founded the UAB Recording Studio, where award-winning recordings by such groups as the UAB Gospel Choir and the UAB Jazz Ensemble have been produced.

Panion received the Civic and Cultural Advancement Award from the Congressional Black Caucus Sept. 25, 2009 at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center in Washington, D.C.source

University of Alabama at Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. Founded in 1969 and part of the University of Alabama System, UAB has grown to be the state's largest employer, with more than 27,302 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university. The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees. In the fall of 2024, UAB enrolled 20,905 students from more than 110 countries. The UAB Health System, one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States, is affiliated with UAB.

The UAB athletic teams known as the Blazers compete in 18 varsity-level sports in the NCAA Division I - American Athletic Conference. Its official varsity colors are green and gold. The Blazers have won 11 conference championships to date.
Speaking in Code
Speaking in Code is a character-based documentary directed by Amy Grill about people's obsessions with the techno electronic music lifestyle and the effects on their lives. It follows Modeselektor, the Wighnomy Brothers, Philip Sherburne, Monolake and David Day for three years as they attempt to grow in the techno community, as well as Grill's struggles to complete the film. It was shot in 11 cities and 5 countries.

Ableton
Ableton AG is a German music software company that produces and distributes the production and performance program Ableton Live and a collection of related instruments and sample libraries, as well as their own hardware controller Ableton Push. Ableton's office is located in the Prenzlauer Berg district of Berlin, Germany, with a second office in Pasadena, California.
Honka Monka
The Honka Monka was a nightclub in the Sunnyside neighborhood of Queens, New York. It was originally opened by Marvin Gray in 1969 as a Latin club, but soon rock and soul acts were booked for the club. Acts who performed at the club include Ike & Tina Turner, Wilson Pickett, Little Richard, and Aesop's Fables.

Latin music
Latin music (Portuguese and Spanish: música latina) is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States, as well as music that is sung in either Spanish or Portuguese. It may also include music from other territories where Spanish- and Portuguese-language music is made.
Bahnbetriebswerk
A Bahnbetriebswerk is the equivalent of a locomotive depot (or motive power depot) on the German and Austrian railways. It is an installation that carries out the maintenance, minor repairs, refuelling and cleaning of locomotives and other motive power. In addition it organises the deployment of locomotives and crews. In the Deutsche Bahn, a Bahnbetriebswerk is known today as a Betriebshof; the ÖBB refer to it as a Zugförderungsstelle (Zf). Many other countries simply use the term 'depot'. The smaller facility, the Lokomotivstation (also Einsatzstelle or Lokbahnhof) akin to the British sub-depot or stabling point, is affiliated to a Bahnbetriebswerk.

N.B. The shortened form Betriebswerk is also used and both are commonly abbreviated to Bw or BW. The plural is Bahnbetriebswerke.

Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bundesbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbʊndəsˌbaːn], lit. 'German Federal Railway'), or DB ([deːˈbeː]), was formed  as the state railway of the newly established West Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn, which came into existence on 1 January 1994.
Del Lundgren
Ebin Delmer Lundgren (September 21, 1899 – October 19, 1984) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1924 through 1927 for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1924) and Boston Red Sox (1926–27). Listed at 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), 160 lb, Lundgren batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Lindsborg, Kansas.

In a three-season career, Lundgren posted a 5–15 record 54 strikeouts and a 6.51 ERA in 56 appearances, including 19 starts, five complete games, two shutouts, and 184.0 innings of work.

Lundgren died in his hometown of Lindsborg at age 84.

Lindsborg, Kansas
Lindsborg is a city in McPherson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,776. Lindsborg is known for its large Swedish, other Nordic and Scandinavian heritages. It is home to the biennial Svensk Hyllningsfest.
Frailty (The Banner album)
Frailty is the third full-length album released by The Banner on Ferret Music. It continued the band's horror themes and dark tone; however it has a heavier sound than past releases. It was released on July 10, 2008.

The Banner (band)
The Banner is an American hardcore punk band from Bloomfield, New Jersey.

The Banner broke up for a brief period in 2006 before reuniting with founding member Garrett DeFalco. The band released their third studio album, Frailty, in 2008, which was written, recorded and produced at the Machine Shop studio in Hoboken, New Jersey, by Joey and Will Putney and released on the Ferret Music label.

In late 2011, Born to Ruin was announced as the band's next release, written by Joey and Jeremy Comitas to be released by American label Melotov Records. The four songs comprising Born to Ruin: The Way Is Shut released in the fall of 2013.

The band released their fourth album, Greying, in 2014 and Only the Dead Know Jersey, a split with Old Wounds, in 2015. Both were released via Good Fight Music.
Avenanthramide
Avenanthramides (anthranilic acid amides, formerly called "avenalumins") are a group of phenolic alkaloids found mainly in oats (Avena sativa), but also present in white cabbage butterfly eggs (Pieris brassicae and P. rapae), and in fungus-infected carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). A number of studies demonstrate that these natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-itch, anti-irritant, and antiatherogenic activities. Oat kernel extracts with standardized levels of avenanthramides are used for skin, hair, baby, and sun care products. The name avenanthramides was coined by Collins when he reported the presence of these compounds in oat kernels. It was later found that three avenanthramides were the open-ring amides of avenalumins I, II, and III, which were previously reported as oat phytoalexins by Mayama and co-workers.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
Bilars
The Bilars were a medieval (10th-13th centuries) Turkic tribal commonwealth in the Middle Volga. The Bilars are known to have founded the city of Bilär. Since the 10th century they were a part of Volga Bulgaria. In the 11th-14th centuries their land (today's Alexeyevsky District of Tatarstan) was one of Bulgaria's emirates or duchies.

Alexeyevsky District, Republic of Tatarstan
Alexeyevsky District (Russian: Алексе́евский райо́н; Tatar: Алексеевск районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. It is located in the central part of the region, on the left bank of the Kama river. The administrative center of the district is the urban-type settlement of Alekseevskoe.

The district was formed on August 10, 1930. In 1963, it was abolished and its lands transferred to the Chistopolsky District. The district was reestablished as an administrative unit on March 4, 1964.
Marcin Dorociński
Marcin Grzegorz Dorociński (Polish: [ˈmart͡ɕin dɔrɔˈt͡ɕiɲskʲi]; born 22 June 1973) is a Polish film, television and stage actor. He is known for playing roles in such films as Pitbull (2005), Reverse (2009), Rose (2011), Jack Strong (2014), Hurricane (2018) and Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One (2023) as well as internationally produced TV series Spies of Warsaw (2013) and The Queen's Gambit (2020).

Paszport Polityki
Paszport Polityki (Polityka's Passport) is an annual  Polish cultural award presented by the weekly magazine Polityka since 1993.

It is presented in six major categories: literature, film, theatre, classical music, popular music, visual arts (and entertainment up until 2005). In 2002 a new, seventh category was added: creator of culture while in 2016 the eighth category added was digital culture.

According to the editorial declaration, the award is a distinction for creators who make the fastest progress, surprise with new achievements, their activities bode well in the future and thus deserve care, support and promotion in the world. The award's name was conceived as a symbolic passport to the world's art. It is usually given to relatively young creators, often for outstanding debuts.
Armstrong Whitworth Apollo
The Armstrong Whitworth AW.55 Apollo was a 1940s British four-engine turboprop airliner built by Armstrong Whitworth at Baginton. The aircraft was in competition with the Vickers Viscount but was beset with engine problems and only two were built.

Armstrong Whitworth
Widely known as Armstrong Whitworth, Sir W.G. Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd and several similarly named variants was a major British heavy engineering and manufacturing company that was at its peak in the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomotives, automobiles and aircraft.

The company was founded by William Armstrong in 1847, becoming Armstrong Mitchell and then Armstrong Whitworth through mergers. In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs, with its automobile and aircraft interests purchased by J D Siddeley.
Cat Creek (Missouri)
Cat Creek is a stream in Grundy and Harrison counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Thompson River.

The stream headwaters arise in Harrison County just south of US Route 136 approximately ten miles east of Bethany at 40°16′28″N 93°49′50″W﻿ / ﻿40.27444°N 93.83056°W﻿ / 40.27444; -93.83056 and an elevation of approximately 965 ft (294 m). The stream flows south to southeast passing through the Wayne Hellton Memorial Wildlife Area. It then turns to the east, crosses under Missouri Route CC and enters northwest Grundy County approximately 1.5 miles west of its confluence with the Thompson River. The confluence is at 40°12′15″N 93°44′10″W﻿ / ﻿40.20417°N 93.73611°W﻿ / 40.20417; -93.73611 and an elevation of 771 ft (235 m).

Cat Creek may have been named for the wildcats in the area.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
John Huston (polar explorer)
John Huston (born August 14, 1976) is an American polar explorer, motivational speaker, wilderness guide, and safety and logistics consultant. In 2009, Huston completed the first successful unsupported American expedition to the North Pole. He has also completed expeditions to the South Pole, Greenland, and Ellesmere Island. Huston is the co-author of Forward: The First American Unsupported Expedition to the North Pole.

Motivational speaker
A motivational speaker (or inspirational speaker) is a speaker who makes speeches intended to motivate or inspire an audience. Such speakers may attempt to  challenge or transform their audiences. The speech itself is popularly known as a pep talk.

Motivational speakers can deliver speeches at schools, colleges, places of worship, companies, corporations, government agencies, conferences, trade shows, summits, community organizations, and similar environments.
State monopoly capitalism
The theory of state monopoly capitalism (also referred as stamocap) was initially a Marxist thesis popularised after World War II. Lenin had claimed in 1916 that World War I had transformed laissez-faire capitalism into monopoly capitalism, but he did not publish any extensive theory about the topic. The term refers to an environment where the state intervenes in the economy to protect larger monopolistic or oligopolistic businesses from threats.  
As conceived by Lenin in his pamphlet of the same name, the theory aims to describe the final historical stage of capitalism, of which he believed the Imperialism of that time to be the highest expression.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Microphotograph
Microphotographs are photographs shrunk to microscopic scale. Microphotography is the art of making such images. Applications of microphotography include espionage such as in the Hollow Nickel Case, where they are known as microfilm.

Using the daguerreotype process, John Benjamin Dancer was one of the first to produce microphotographs, in 1839.
He achieved a reduction ratio of 160:1. Dancer perfected his reduction procedures with Frederick Scott Archer's wet collodion process, developed in 1850–51, but he dismissed his decades-long work on microphotographs as a personal hobby, and did not document his procedures. The idea that microphotography could be no more than a novelty was an opinion shared by the 1858 Dictionary of Photography, which called the process "somewhat trifling and childish."

Novelty viewing devices such as Stanhopes were once a popular way to carry and view microphotographs.

Collodion process
The collodion process is an early photographic process for the production of grayscale images. The collodion process – mostly synonymized with the term "wet-plate process", requires the photographic material to be coated, sensitized, exposed, and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable darkroom for use in the field. Collodion is normally used in its wet form, but it can also be used in its dry form, at the cost of greatly increased exposure time. The increased exposure time made the dry form unsuitable for the usual portraiture work of most professional photographers of the 19th century. The use of the dry form was mostly confined to landscape photography and other special applications where exposure times sometimes longer than a half hour were tolerable.
Beach 2k20
"Beach 2k20" is a song by Swedish singer-songwriter Robyn, recorded for her eighth studio album Honey. It was released as the fifth single from the album on 4 September 2019 with a remix by Yaeji. A remix by Louie Vega followed on 17 July 2020.

Little Louie Vega
Luis Ferdinand Vega Jr. (born June 12, 1965), a.k.a. "Little Louie" Vega, is an American DJ, record producer and remixer of Puerto Rican ancestry. He is one half of the Masters at Work musical production team.