hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capsicum (Unix)
Capsicum is an implementation of capability-based security for UNIX and similar systems. Presented at USENIX Security Symposium 2010, the system is part of FreeBSD since its 9.0 release. It has also been adapted to DragonflyBSD in the form of kernel patches. Further technical details can be found in the Ph.D. thesis by Robert Watson.

The system works by chunking the normal permissions up into very small pieces. When a process enters capsicum mode, it loses all permissions normally associated with its controlling user, except "capabilities" it already has in the form of file descriptors. A process can also receive capabilities via Unix sockets. These file descriptors not only control access to the file system, but also to other devices like the network sockets. Flags are also used to control more fine-grained access like reads and writes.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Green Line Coach Station
51°29′34″N 0°08′46″W﻿ / ﻿51.4929°N 0.1461°W﻿ / 51.4929; -0.1461

Green Line Coach Station is a coach station in London, England, situated in Bulleid Way, Victoria.

The station offers regional coach services to various destinations to the north and west of London by Green Line Coaches and others, and tour buses operated by Golden Tours. It should not be confused with the nearby Transport for London owned Victoria Coach Station which offers intercity services by National Express Coaches, Megabus and others, or with the Victoria bus station which offers urban services from London Buses.

London Buses
London Buses is the subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL) that manages most bus services in London, England. It was formed following the Greater London Authority Act 1999 that transferred control of London Regional Transport (LRT) bus services to TfL, controlled by the Mayor of London.
Glenn Doyle
Glenn Doyle (born 3 March 1965 in Sydney, New South Wales) is a retired Australian Motorcycle speedway rider. Doyle is a twice Australian Champion and won the Western Australian Championship in his adopted state on six occasions. He earned 20 caps for the Australia national speedway team.

Australian Solo Championship
The Australian Individual Speedway Championship historically known as the Australian Solo Championship is a motorcycle speedway championship held each year to determine the Australian national champion. It is organised by Motorcycling Australia (MA) and is the oldest continuously running national speedway championship in the world, having been run since 1926 with the exception of 1942-1945 when racing was suspended during World War II and 1955-1961 when the championship was not held.
Twenty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2008
The Twenty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2008 (bill no. 14 of 2008) was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland that was put to a referendum in 2008 (the first Lisbon referendum). The purpose of the proposed amendment was to allow the state to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon of the European Union.

The amendment was rejected by voters on 12 June 2008 by a margin of 53.4% to 46.6%, with a turnout of 53.1%. The treaty had been intended to enter into force on 1 January 2009, but had to be delayed following the Irish rejection. However, the Lisbon treaty was approved by Irish voters when the Twenty-eighth Amendment of the constitution was approved in the second Lisbon referendum, held in October 2009.

Garret FitzGerald
Garret Desmond FitzGerald (9 February 1926 – 19 May 2011) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, economist, and barrister who served twice as Taoiseach, serving from 1981 to 1982 and 1982 to 1987. He served as Leader of Fine Gael from 1977 to 1987 and was twice Leader of the Opposition between 1977 and 1982; he was previously Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1973 to 1977. FitzGerald served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 1992 and was a Senator for the Industrial and Commercial Panel from 1965 to 1969.

He was the son of Desmond FitzGerald, the first foreign minister of the Irish Free State. At the time of his death, FitzGerald was president of the Institute of International and European Affairs and a columnist for The Irish Times, and had made occasional appearances on television programmes.
Lancaster Lanks
The Lancaster Lanks, based in Lancaster, Ohio, were a minor league baseball team that existed from 1905 to 1911. They played in the Ohio–Pennsylvania League from 1905 to 1907, and the Ohio State League from 1908 to 1912. On June 18, 1912, they moved to Atlantic City, New Jersey to represent Atlantic City in the Tri-State League. As the Lancaster Lanks that season, they went 15-19.

Their manager in 1905 was Lefty Killen. In 1906, they were managed by Curt Elston and William Gray. In 1907, they were managed by James Breen and Elston. George Fox managed them in 1908 and 1909, and in 1910 they were managed by Albert McClintock and Heinie Peitz. In 1911 they were managed by Charles Riehl and Gus Epler. John Castle managed them in 1912.

Ohio–Pennsylvania League
The Ohio–Pennsylvania League (1905–1912) was a Class C and Class D level minor league baseball league that featured franchises based in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The league was founded by Charlie Morton and operated for eight seasons, with the Akron Champs winning four league championships.
Bordano
Bordano (Friulian: Bordan) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Udine, on the right bank of the Tagliamento river.

Bordano borders the following municipalities: Cavazzo Carnico, Gemona del Friuli, Trasaghis, Venzone. It is known among locals for the beautiful display of butterflies it shows on its fields.

Province of Udine
The province of Udine (Italian: provincia di Udine; Friulian: provincie di Udin; Slovene: Videmska pokrajina; Resian: Vydänskä provinčjä; German: Provinz Weiden) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia, with the capital in the city of Udine. Abolished on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Udine; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Udin; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Videm), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020. It has a population of 516,323 over an area of 4,969.30 square kilometres (1,918.66 mi2) across its 134 municipalities.
Rusty Edwards
Rusty Edwards is a hymnwriter who was born in Dixon, Illinois, on January 22, 1955. Dozens of his hymns have been published in 100 books in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic,  England, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Scotland, and USA. He has published six collections of hymns, including The Yes of the Heart (with a Foreword by Chick Corea), Grateful Praise, As Sunshine to a Garden, Each Breath Every Heartbeat'and Bidden, Unbidden. His sixth book is Uncommon Mercy was written with co-writers from fifteen countries. Dave Brubeck wrote a tune for Rusty’s lyric "As the Moon is to the Sun", included in Dave Brubeck at the Piano'. Rusty is Executive Producer of GRAMMY winning “How Love Begins” by Nicole Zuraitis. He was a Visiting Fellow at Africa University in Zimbabwe. In 2015, he received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary at Lenoir-Rhyne University. He has also led workshops in Brazil, Russia, England, and Sweden.

Africa University
Africa University is a "private, Pan-African and United Methodist-related institution." In 2021 it had over 2,500 students from 31 African countries, of whom 58 percent were women and 24 percent came from outside Zimbabwe. The main campus is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of Mutare, the fourth largest city in Zimbabwe, on a 1,542 acres (6.24 km2) rural site with 36 buildings. The university grants bachelor's, master's and PhD degrees in various programs. The language of instruction is English.
Futamigaura, Fukuoka
Futamigaura (二見ヶ浦, Futamigaura), also known as Sakurai Futamigaura (桜井二見ヶ浦, Sakurai Futamigaura) and Chikuzen Futamigaura (筑前二見ヶ浦, Chikuzen Futamigaura)  is a coastline spanning Itoshima and Fukuoka in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, and is part of Genkai Quasi-National Park.

Meoto Iwa is located about 150 meters off the coast of the northern Itoshima Peninsula. At Futamigaura, Izanagi and Izanami are enshrined at SSakurai hrine.

Izanagi
Izanagi (イザナギ/伊邪那岐/伊弉諾), formally referred to with a divine honorific as
Izanagi-no-Mikoto (伊邪那岐命/伊弉諾尊; meaning "He-who-invites" or the "Male-who-invites"), is the creator deity (kami) of both creation and life in Japanese mythology. He and his sister-wife Izanami are the last of the seven generations of primordial deities that manifested after the formation of heaven and earth. Izanagi and Izanami are held to be the creators of the Japanese archipelago and the progenitors of many deities, which include the sun goddess Amaterasu, the moon deity Tsukuyomi, and the storm god Susanoo. He is a god that can be said to be the beginning of the current Japanese imperial family.
John N. Christenson
John Nels Christenson (born 1958) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy who last served as the United States Military Representative to the NATO Military Committee, in Brussels, Belgium. He was the 53rd President of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island from March 2011 to July 2013.

Naval War College
The Naval War College (NWC or NAVWARCOL) is the staff college and "Home of Thought" for the United States Navy at Naval Station Newport in Newport, Rhode Island. The NWC educates and develops leaders, supports defining the future Navy and associated roles and missions, supports combat readiness, and strengthens global maritime partnerships.

The Naval War College is one of the senior service colleges including the Army War College, the Marine Corps War College, and the USAF Air War College.  Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense operates the National War College.
Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate)
Glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) (EC 1.8.5.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The substrates of this enzyme are dehydroascorbic acid and glutathione. Its products are glutathione disulfide and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include dehydroascorbic reductase, dehydroascorbic acid reductase, glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase, DHA reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, GDOR, and glutathione:dehydroascorbic acid oxidoreductase.  This enzyme participates in three metabolic pathways: ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Logical address
In computing, a logical address is the address at which an item (memory cell, storage element, network host) appears to reside from the perspective of an executing program.

A logical address may be different from the physical address due to the operation of an address translator or mapping function. Such mapping functions may be, in the case of a computer memory architecture, a memory management unit (MMU) between the CPU and the memory bus.

There may be more than one level of mapping. For example, on multiprocessor configurations of the IBM S/360, S/370 and successors, IBM distinguishes among

Virtual address seen by the program

Real address,  the result of translating a virtual address

Absolute address, the result of mapping a real address using a low-storage prefix assigned to each CPU.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
¿Quién quiere ser millonario?
¿Quién quiere ser millonario? is the title of several Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? franchise game shows in Spanish-speaking countries.

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Argentine game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Chilean game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Colombian game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Costa Rican game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Ecuadorian game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Salvadoran game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Mexican game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Peruvian game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Panamanian game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Spanish game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Uruguayan game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Venezuelan game show)

¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (Panamanian game show)
¿Quién quiere ser millonario? (English translation: Who wants to be a millionaire?) is a Panamanian game show based on the original British format of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. The show is hosted by Atenógenes Rodríguez. The main goal of the game is to win US$100,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three lifelines – fifty fifty, phone a friend and ask the audience . ¿Quién quiere ser millonario? is broadcast from 2009 to 2011. It is shown on the Panamanian TV station Telemetro. When a contestant gets the fifth question correct, he leaves with at least $1,000 When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he leaves with at least $8,000
Helmoed-Römer Heitman
Helmoed-Römer Heitman JCD MMM is a South African author and commentator on military affairs. He was a member of the South African army reserve from 1970 to 1994. After the introduction of democratic rule in 1994 he briefly remained within the newly established SANDF until 1996.

During his career as a military advisor with direct ties to the apartheid military in the 1970s and 1980s, he penned various articles in favour of harsh and repressive "counter-insurgency" methods against members of liberation movements such as the ANC and SWAPO. In a 1977 article Heitman advocated the use of detention without trial against political dissidents and argued that habeas corpus should be suspended. In the same article he also recommended the use of deadly firepower against "agitators" at political rallies.

He is the South African correspondent for Jane's Defence Weekly.

South African National Defence Force
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of the Defence Department.

The military as it exists today was created in 1994, following South Africa's first nonracial election in April of that year and the adoption of a new constitution. It replaced the South African Defence Force and also integrated uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) guerilla forces.
Area codes 813 and 656
Area codes 813 and 656 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the U.S. state of Florida in the city of Tampa, Florida, and its surrounding areas, such as Zephyrhills and Oldsmar. In 2022, due to exhaustion of central office prefixes, area code 656 was added to the service area forming an overlay complex.

Ten-digit dialing
Ten-digit dialing is a telephone dialing procedure in the countries and territories of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). It is the practice of including the area code of a telephone number when dialing to initiate a telephone call. When necessary, the ten-digit number may be prefixed with the trunk code 1, which is referred to as 1+10-digit dialing or national format.
Khitar
Khitar (Ukrainian: Хі́тар, Polish: Hutar) is a village (selo) in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. Khitar is located in the Ukrainian Carpathians within the limits of the Eastern Beskids (Skole Beskids) in southern Lviv Oblast in Skole Raion. It belongs to Slavske settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Local government — Khitarska village council.  
The village is situated along the river Vandrivka (Khitarka). 
It is located 142 kilometres (88 mi) from the city of Lviv, 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Skole, and 134 kilometres (83 mi) from Uzhhorod.

Skole Beskids
The Skole Beskids (Ukrainian: Сколівські Бескиди; Polish: Beskidy Skolskie) is a mountain range in western Ukraine, belonging to the set of ranges called the Eastern Beskids, within the Outer Eastern Carpathians.

The mountains are composed primary of Carpathian flysch.  The northern section of the range is the location of the Skole Beskids National Nature Park, established in 1999; within the park is the highest peak in the range, Mount Parashka, at 1268 meters. Zwinin Mountain, at 992 meters above sea level, is also located within the park.

The Skole Beskids is also the site of the sandstone fortresses of Tustan', built between the 9th century and 13th century, now a State Historical and Cultural Reserve.  It's near the town of Boryslav.
Karlshochschule International University
Karlshochschule International University is a state approved non-profit private foundation university based in Karlsruhe. It focuses with an inter- and transdisciplinary approach on critical management studies, cultural studies and social and political sciences.

Critical management studies
Critical management studies (CMS) is a loose but extensive grouping of theoretically informed critiques of management, business and organisation, grounded originally in a critical theory perspective. Today it encompasses a wide range of perspectives that are critical of traditional theories of management and the business schools that generate these theories.
Potamilus amphichaenus
Potamilus amphichaenus, the Texas heelsplitter, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) were confirmed as the host fish species for the glochidia reproductive stage of the Texas heelsplitter.

This species is endemic to the United States.

Unionidae
The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.

The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. It is at its most diverse in North America, with about 297 recognised taxa, but China and Southeast Asia also support very diverse faunas.

Freshwater mussels occupy a wide range of habitats, but most often occupy lotic waters, i.e. flowing water such as rivers, streams and creeks.
Donald Lees Reid
Donald Lees Reid BA (Hons) FSA Scot is a Scottish author. He specialises in local and social history and has written books on the history of the Garnock Valley and Doon Valley, including the towns of Beith, Barrmill, Dalmellington, Gateside, Kilbirnie, Patna, and Waterside. He has resided in Beith, North Ayrshire since 1986. A strong emphasis in the books is on the people and the social context of their lives.

Donald was born and brought up in Dalmellington, the son of James Reid, a miner for 43 years, and Mary Hose. He retired from the Strathclyde Police Force in 1999 with the rank of Police Superintendent. In 1994 he was accorded the honour of being selected as Beith Citizen of the Year for his voluntary work.

North Ayrshire
North Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Àir a Tuath, pronounced [ˈʃirˠəxk aːɾʲ ə ˈt̪ʰuə]) is one of 32 council areas in Scotland. The council area borders Inverclyde to the north, Renfrewshire and East Renfrewshire to the northeast, and East Ayrshire and South Ayrshire to the east and south respectively. The local authority is North Ayrshire Council, formed in 1996 with the same boundaries as the district of Cunninghame, which existed from 1975 to 1996.

Located in the west central Lowlands with the Firth of Clyde to its west, the council area covers the northern portion of the historic county of Ayrshire, in addition to the islands of Arran and The Cumbraes from the historic county of Buteshire. North Ayrshire had an estimated population of 134,010 in 2024. Its largest towns are Irvine and Kilwinning. From 1975 to 1996 under the name Cunninghame it was one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region.
Gmina Radomin
Gmina Radomin is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Radomin, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Golub-Dobrzyń and 40 km (25 mi) east of Toruń.

The gmina covers an area of 80.77 square kilometres (31.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,104.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.