hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ganglion cyst
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled bump associated with a joint or tendon sheath. It most often occurs at the back of the wrist, followed by the front of the wrist.

The cause is unknown. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve an outpouching of the synovial membrane. Diagnosis is typically based on examination. The ability to shine light through the bump or any past decrease in size supports the diagnosis of the bump as a ganglion cyst. Ganglion cysts are usually obvious upon observation. Medical imaging may be considered on infrequent occasions to rule out another diagnosis.

Treatment is not necessary. Options for treatment include needle aspiration or surgery. About half the time, they resolve on their own. About three per 10,000 people develop a ganglion cyst of the wrist or hand a year.

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
Wykeham, Weston, Lincolnshire
52°49′07″N 0°06′31″W﻿ / ﻿52.818550°N 0.108599°W﻿ / 52.818550; -0.108599﻿ (Wykeham)
Wykeham /ˈwɪk.əm/ is a deserted medieval village in the civil parish of Weston in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England.

Wykeham is the site of the ruined chapel of Saint Nicholas and the earthwork remains of Wykeham Hall, which was the country residence of the Prior of Spalding. The limestone chapel, which was built in 1311, became a free chapel at the dissolution, but the roof collapsed in 1782 and it remains a roofless shell. The chapel is now a Grade I listed building and the site is a scheduled monument.

Earthworks (archaeology)
In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath the surface.
Rampurhat subdivision
Rampurhat subdivision is an administrative subdivision of Birbhum district in the state of West Bengal, India.It is the most populous subdivision in the district. Rampurhat subdivision lies in the northern part of Birbhum district, bordering both Jharkhand and other areas within West Bengal. To the west, it shares an interstate boundary with Jharkhand’s Santhal Parganas, fostering economic ties, especially in stone mining. The east connects to Murshidabad district, supporting intra-state trade. The north, near Nalhati, is close to Jharkhand and near the Padma River and Bangladesh border, though it doesn't directly touch them. The southern boundary is shared with Mayureswar I & II and parts of Suri Sadar subdivision, marking internal administrative limits

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Marcel Roethlisberger
Marcel Roethlisberger or Röthlisberger (1929 – 1 March 2020) was a Swiss art historian and professor from the University of Geneva.

Roethlisberger completed his doctoral thesis on Jacopo Bellini in 1955. He married the art historian Biancamaria Bianco in 1962 and was visiting professor to many universities and held positions at various art institutions such as the Courtauld Institute, the National Gallery of Art (in D.C.), and the J. Paul Getty Museum.

Roethlisberger died on 1 March 2020.

J. Paul Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an American art museum in Los Angeles, California, housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa. It is operated by the J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution.

The Getty Center is located in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles and features pre-20th-century European paintings, drawings, illuminated manuscripts, sculpture, decorative arts, and photographs from the inception of photography through present day from all over the world. The original Getty museum, the Getty Villa, is located in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles and displays art from Ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria.
Believe Nothing
Believe Nothing is a British sitcom starring Rik Mayall as Quadruple Professor Adonis Cnut, the cleverest man in Britain, and Oxford's leading moral philosopher. He is paid huge amounts of money for his views, consulted by the government, but he is bored and wants adventure, so he joins the shadowy organization The Council which controls everything going on in the world. Starring alongside Mayall is Michael Maloney as Brian Albumen, Cnut's faithful servant, and Emily Bruni as Hannah Awkward who becomes professor of pedantics.

The series was written by Maurice Gran and Laurence Marks. Although much hyped by ITV, who were hoping to repeat the success of Gran and Marks' previous project with Mayall, The New Statesman, the series did not achieve high viewing figures, and was dropped after one series.

Maurice Gran
Maurice Bernard Gran (born 26 October 1949) is an English writer and one half of the scriptwriting duo Marks and Gran. He co-wrote the sitcoms The New Statesman, Birds of a Feather and Goodnight Sweetheart with Laurence Marks. Their theatre works include Dreamboats and Petticoats, Save the Last Dance for Me and Dreamboats and Miniskirts.
Milehouse
Milehouse is a late Victorian and 1930s suburb of Plymouth. It is now notable for a substantial traffic junction, the vast depot base of the local city bus company, a Wetherspoons pub and an undertaker. Formerly it was famous for the site of Outland House, the large family home of Robert Falcon Scott, who led the tragic British expedition to the South Pole and died on the return journey.

The area borders Plymouth's huge Central Park and is a meeting point for supporters and police before and after local football games at adjacent Home Park, the ground of Plymouth Argyle football club. It is a reputable area with good facilities and is convenient to the city centre, the nightlife zones, the parkland and the main road in and out of town.

Milehouse has Primary care centre run by NHS.

Central Park, Plymouth
Plymouth's Central Park is situated to the north-east of Plymouth city centre in south-west Devon, England. Covering 68 hectares, Central Park is the largest park in Plymouth. It was created in 1928 with the aim to improve the health of the city's residents. The park is trust land; developments on the land must be for the purpose of leisure activities.
Gokuleshwar, Darchula
Gokuleshwar is a village development committee in Darchula District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2694 people living in 486 individual households.

Mahakali Zone
Mahakali (Nepali: महाकाली अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal, covering an area of 7449.28 km2 in the westernmost part of the country. It stretches along Nepal's far western border with India, marked by the Kali River or Mahakali River.

In 2015 Nepal discontinued use of zone designations in favor of provinces. The zone formerly known as Mahakali is now part of Sudurpashchim Province.

Mahakali's headquarters is Bhimdatta (formerly called Mahendranagar) in Kanchanpur District. The zone covers the Himalayan range including Api Peak in the North, Hill valleys, Inner Terai valleys such as Patan Municipality in Baitadi District in the center and the outer Terai in the South. The name of this zone is derived from the Kali River.
Saïd Boussif
Saïd Boussif (born December 16, 1989) is a music executive and management for several French singers such as Maître Gims, Dadju, Vitaa, Amel Bent, Slimane, and Camélia Jordana. In 2016, he was cofounder and CEO of Indifference Prod.

Amel Bent
Amel Bent Bachir (Arabic: آمال بنت بشير; born 21 June 1985), better known by her stage name Amel Bent (French pronunciation: [a.mɛl bɛnt]), is a French pop singer who gained fame after reaching the semi-finals of season 2 of French TV singing competition Nouvelle Star. She is best-selling artist to come from that competition.

From 2018 to 2019, Bent was a coach on The Voice Kids France. She was also a coach on The Voice France from 2020 to 2023.
Mirpur Union
Mirpur Union (Bengali: মিরপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a Union Parishad under Jagannathpur Upazila of Sunamganj District in the division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It has an area of 28.903 square kilometres and a population of 20358.

Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (Bengali: সিলেট বিভাগ, pronounced [sileʈ bibʱaɡ] ⓘ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It covers an area of approximately 12,298 km2 (4,748 sq mi), and shares international borders with the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively—while domestically it adjoins the divisions of Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage—Sylhet's capital is its namesake, and the fifth-largest urban agglomeration in Bangladesh.

Prior to Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.
1940 Taiwanese prefectural elections
The Second Prefectural Assembly Elections (Japanese: 第二囘州會議員選擧) were held on 20 November 1940 in Taiwan under Japanese rule. According to the Japanese law, half members of prefectural assembly shall be elected by the members of local assembly and the other half shall be appointed by the Governor-General (Japanese: 總督). In this time, 82 seats from five prefectural assemblies were open for election. Voting was done by Electoral colleges (EC) formed by the more than 3,600 members of local assemblies. Around half of them were directly elected in the previous year, the other half were appointed by the prefectural governor (Japanese: 州知事).

The 1944 election was cancelled due to World War II, hence the tenure of the elected and appointed councilors was extended until the surrender of Japan in 1945.

Electoral college
An electoral college is a body of representatives empowered to formally select a candidate for a specific office, most often the head of state. Electoral colleges exist in several countries and may serve to balance regional representation or ensure indirect election mechanisms. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government, and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber, in a democracy. Its members, called electors, are elected either by the people for this purpose (making the whole process an indirect election) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations.

If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament, elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany) normally do not fall into this definition.
1998 Saskatchewan Scott Tournament of Hearts
The 1998 Saskatchewan Scott Tournament of Hearts women's provincial curling championship, was held January 21–25 at the Rosetown Sports Centre in Rosetown, Saskatchewan. The winning team of Cathy Trowell, represented Saskatchewan at the 1998 Scott Tournament of Hearts in Regina, Saskatchewan, where the team finished round robin with a 6-5 record, missing the playoffs after losing a tiebreaker to British Columbia's Sue Garvey.

Rosetown, Saskatchewan
Rosetown is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, at the junction of provincial Highway 7 and Highway 4, approximately 115 kilometres southwest of Saskatoon. The town's motto, "The Heart of the Wheat Belt", reflects its history of being a farming community. It is within the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews No. 287.

Rosetown is represented federally by the electoral district of Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek and provincialy by the electoral district of Rosetown-Elrose. Rosetown belongs to census division 12 for enumeration purposes.

Rosetown won the 2004 Provincial Communities in Bloom.
Dominion Bus Lines
Dominion Bus Lines is a bus transportation company in the Philippines. It operates a 24/7 service for passengers and freight (known as "waybill") between Metro Manila and northwest Luzon (the Ilocos corridor).

Bangued
Bangued, officially the Municipality of Bangued (Ilocano: Ili ti Bangued; Filipino: Bayan ng Bangued), is a  municipality and capital of the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 48,331 people.
Otto Schulmeister
Otto Schulmeister (1 April 1916 in Vienna - 10 August 2001 in Vienna) was an Austrian journalist, who was described as the doyen of Austrian journalism. He was editor-in-chief of Die Presse from 1961 to 1976 and its publisher from 1976 to 1989. He was the father of former ORF correspondent Paul Schulmeister, and economist Stephan Schulmeister. Formerly a NSDAP member, it was revealed in 2009 that he worked for the CIA from the 1960s.

ORF (broadcaster)
Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF [oːɛʁˈɛf] ⓘ; German pronunciation: [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk], lit. 'Austrian broadcasting') is the national public broadcaster and news website of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.
Sulkovec
Sulkovec is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Sulkovec lies approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 58 km (36 mi) north-east of Jihlava, and 146 km (91 mi) east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Daniel Polani
Daniel Polani is a professor of Artificial Intelligence and Director of the Centre for Computer Science and Informatics Research (CCSIR), and Head of the Adaptive Systems Research Group, and leader of the SEPIA (Sensor Evolution, Processing, Information and Actuation) Lab at the University of Hertfordshire.

Daniel Polani is best known for his work in artificial intelligence, cognitive science and robotics, applying the tools of information theory to cognitive modelling and analysing intelligent agent behaviour and decision making in complex adaptive systems and sensor evolution.

Rooted in embodied cognition and dynamical systems Polani's work on relevant information and empowerment stem from the concept of organisms as Shannon information processing entities and the treatment of the perception-action loop as an information channel.

Adaptive system
An adaptive system is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole that together are able to respond to environmental changes or changes in the interacting parts, in a way analogous to either continuous physiological homeostasis or evolutionary adaptation in biology. Feedback loops represent a key feature of adaptive systems, such as ecosystems and individual organisms; or in the human world, communities, organizations, and families. Adaptive systems can be organized into a hierarchy.

Artificial adaptive systems include robots with control systems that utilize negative feedback to maintain desired states.
Patrick Quinlan (author)
Patrick Quinlan is an American author, political activist, fundraiser, and briefly, a Green Independent candidate for Governor of Maine in the 2010 election. In the fall of 2009, he informed the Maine Ethics Commission that he was no longer seeking election.

Governor of Maine
The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive.

The current governor of Maine is Janet Mills, a Democrat, who took office January 2, 2019.

The governor of Maine receives a salary of $70,000, which is the lowest salary out of all 50 state governors, as of 2022. This will be raised to $125,000 upon a new governor taking office in 2026, per a bill passed in 2025, as the Maine Constitution prohibits changing the salary of the sitting governor.
Varicellaria
Varicellaria is a genus of crustose lichens. It is the only genus in the family Varicellariaceae. The genus contains 12 recognized species found worldwide. These lichens typically form pale bluish-grey or whitish-grey crusts on tree bark or rocks, and they produce a lichen product called lecanoric acid. Genetic studies have helped clarify the boundaries between species in this group, showing that where they grow (bark versus rock) and certain physical features are important for telling them apart.

Lichen product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 1000 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
Flying Dancer
Flying Dancer (foaled 1982 in New Zealand) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in Hong Kong. Sired by Ballybrit, a descendant of the British champion Polymelus, he was out of the mare Pur Sang who was from the British Hyperion line.

Owned by Hong Kong businessman Lim Por-yen, Flying Dancer is best known as the winner of the inaugural running of the Hong Kong Invitation Cup in 1988 at Sha Tin Racecourse.

Sha Tin Racecourse
Sha Tin Racecourse is one of the two racecourses for horse racing in Hong Kong. It is located in Sha Tin in the New Territories. It is managed by Hong Kong Jockey Club.

Penfold Park is encircled by the track, and the Hong Kong Sports Institute is located immediately south of the property.

Michael Jackson planned to perform at the racecourse on his Dangerous World Tour, which was the start of the third leg, but it did not materialize due to the dates conflicting with the racing season.
Isidor Niflot
Isidor Gadar "Jack" Niflot (April 16, 1881 – March 29, 1950) was an American wrestler who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal in the freestyle bantamweight category. Niflot was born in Russia and raised in New York, New York. He was later a long time Sullivan County, New York resident.

The bantamweight division was the third lightest freestyle wrestling weight class, held as part of the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. Seven wrestlers competed, with Niflot winning the gold medal.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
1410–1411 elections (Holy Roman Empire)
In the years 1410 and 1411 saw three royal elections in the Holy Roman Empire. The elections were prompted by the death of previous King Rupert in 1410 and, after two contested elections in 1410, resulted in Sigismund of Hungary being recognized as the new king in 1411.

Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
Wenceslaus IV (also spelled Wenceslas Czech: Václav; German: Wenzel; nicknamed the Idle; also known as Wenceslaus of Luxembourg; 26 February 1361 – 16 August 1419) was King of Bohemia from 1378 until his death and King of Germany from 1376 until he was deposed in 1400. As he belonged to the House of Luxembourg, he was also Duke of Luxembourg from 1383 to 1388.
Orvasca subnotata
Orvasca subnotata is a nygmiine tussock moth in the family Erebidae, found in Indomalaya and East Asia, where it is known as a pest that feeds on millets. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1865.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.