hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dihydroquinine
Dihydroquinine, also known as hydroquinine or DHQ, is an organic compound and as a cinchona alkaloid closely related to quinine. The specific rotation is −148° in ethanol. A derivative of this molecule is used as chiral ligand in the AD-mix for Sharpless dihydroxylation.

DHQ also inhibits growth of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii by inducing mitochondrial membrane damage, but does not disrupt host mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. It equals the interior potential minus the exterior potential. This is the energy (i.e. work) per charge which is required to move a (very small) positive charge at constant velocity across the cell membrane from the exterior to the interior. (If the charge is allowed to change velocity, the change of kinetic energy and production of radiation must be taken into account.)

Typical values of membrane potential, normally given in units of millivolts and denoted as mV, range from −80 mV to −40 mV. For such typical negative membrane potentials, positive work is required to move a positive charge from the interior to the exterior. However, thermal kinetic energy allows ions to overcome the potential difference. For a selectively permeable membrane, this permits a net flow against the gradient.
Messerschmitt Bf 109 operational history
The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser during the early to mid-1930s. It was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, a retractable landing gear, and was powered by a liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 aero engine.

The Bf 109 saw active service in many air forces and was active in several conflicts outside of World War II.

Jagdgeschwader 51
Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51)  was a German fighter wing during World War II. JG 51's pilots won more awards than any other fighter wing of the Luftwaffe, and operated in all major theatres of war. Its members included Anton Hafner, Heinz Bär, Karl-Gottfried Nordmann, and Günther Schack.
Restricted power series
In algebra, the ring of restricted power series is the subring of a formal power series ring that consists of power series whose coefficients approach zero as degree goes to infinity. Over a non-archimedean complete field, the ring is also called a Tate algebra. Quotient rings of the ring are used in the study of a formal algebraic space as well as rigid analysis, the latter over non-archimedean complete fields.

Over a discrete topological ring, the ring of restricted power series coincides with a polynomial ring; thus, in this sense, the notion of "restricted power series" is a generalization of a polynomial.

Subring
In mathematics, a subring of a ring R is a subset of R that is itself a ring when binary operations of addition and multiplication on R are restricted to the subset, and that shares the same multiplicative identity as R.
Toldzgun
Toldzgun (Russian: Толдзгун; Ossetian: Тулдзджын, romanized: Tuldzžyn) is a rural locality (a selo) in the Irafsky District of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It serves as the administrative center of the Toldzgun rural settlement.

Irafsky District
Irafsky District (Russian: Ирафский район; Ossetian: Ирæфи район, romanized: Iræfi rajon) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eight in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 1,376 square kilometers (531 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chikola. Population: 15,766 (2010 census); 15,708 (2002 Census); 15,732 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Chikola accounts for 44.5% of the district's total population.
Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw
The men's hammer throw event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Monday, July 30, 1928. Sixteen hammer throwers from eleven nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 4. The event was won by Pat O'Callaghan of Ireland, the first gold medal for the nation at the Olympics since it started competing independently in 1924 and the first time the event was won by a non-American (though five of the previous six winners had been born in Ireland before emigrating to the United States). Ossian Skiöld of Sweden took silver, the nation's second medal in the event after another silver in 1920. The Americans, who had earned a gold medal and at least one other medal in each of the previous six hammer throw competitions, took only a bronze this time, with Edmund Black finishing third.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Selected timeline related to orphan wells in Alberta
Selected timeline related to orphan wells in Alberta, Canada is a list of events relevant to orphan wells in Alberta, Canada. Orphan wells are inactive oil or gas well sites that have no solvent owner that can be held legally or financially accountable for the decommissioning and reclamation obligations to ensure public safety and to address environmental liabilities.

Parliamentary Budget Officer
The Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer (OPBO; French: Bureau du directeur parlementaire du budget) is an office of the Parliament of Canada which provides independent, authoritative and non-partisan financial and economic analysis. The office is led by the Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO; French: Directeur parlementaire du budget), an independent officer who supports parliamentarians in carrying out their constitutional roles of scrutinizing the raising and spending of public monies and generally overseeing the government's activities.
Bugo
Cristian Bugatti (born 2 August 1973), known professionally as Bugo, is an Italian singer-songwriter, artist and actor.  He spent his youth in the rice fields of Cerano, in the Province of Novara, in the Piedmont region. A self-taught artist, Bugo did not attend art or music school. In 2000 he moved to Milan, where he started his musical career. 
According to AllMusic, Bugo was one of the most interesting and innovative artists to emerge from the Italian independent scene of the 1990s. Although he is beloved by fans and critics, others consider him a comedy act. Blending international sound and Italian lyrics, Bugo became a cantautore (singer-songwriter) of the 2000s who moved the political songs of the 1970s into the disillusioned songwriting of the 2000s. He is considered a pioneer of the Italian singer-songwriter scene, and the neologism fantautore has been coined to describe him.
He participated in the Sanremo Music Festival 2020 and Sanremo Music Festival 2021.

Province of Novara
The province of Novara (Italian: provincia di Novara) is a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Novara.

In 1992, the new province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola was created through the fusion of three geographical areas which had previously been part of the province of Novara.

It has an area of 1,339 square kilometres (517 sq mi) and a population of 362,925 (2021). The province contains 87 comuni (sg.: comune) (see list of comuni of the province of Novara).
Osówka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Osówka [ɔˈsufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szydłów, within Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north of Szydłów, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Staszów, and 40 km (25 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Szydłów
Szydłów [ˈʂɨdwuf] is a fortified town in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szydłów. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) west of Staszów and 43 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Szydłów's history dates to the 12th century. The town contains several tourist attractions, including several buildings and churches dating to the 14th century and the ruins of a castle from the same period, and the 16th-century Szydłów Synagogue. The first official inventory of important buildings in Poland, A General View of the Nature of Ancient Monuments in the Kingdom of Poland, led by Kazimierz Stronczyński from 1844 to 1855, describes the Szydłów Synagogue as one of Poland's architecturally notable buildings.
Between Heaven and Earth (1942 film)
Between Heaven and Earth (German: Zwischen Himmel und Erde) is a 1942 German historical drama film directed by Harald Braun and starring Werner Krauss, Gisela Uhlen and Wolfgang Lukschy. It is based on the 1856 novel of the same title by Otto Ludwig which had previously been made into a 1934 film by Bavaria Film.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Walter Haag. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and on location in the Rhineland. Production costs totaled more than 1,400,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁.

Reichsmark
The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmaʁk] ⓘ; sign: ℛ︁ℳ︁; abbreviation: RM) was the currency of Germany from 1924 until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, and in the American, British and French occupied zones of Germany, until 20 June 1948. The Reichsmark was then replaced by the Deutsche Mark, to become the currency of West Germany and then all of Germany after the 1990 reunification. The Reichsmark was used in the Soviet occupation zone in Germany until 23 June 1948, where it was replaced by the East German mark. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (Rpf or ℛ︁₰). The mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; Reich ('realm') comes from the official name for the German state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich.
Puduvayal
Puduvayal is an area in north-eastern part of Karaikudi Municipal Corporation, Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a town located in the Chettinad region of the Sivagangai district. On road, it is 12 km away from centre of Karaikudi and 21 km away from Aranthangi. This town is famous for its rice mills. Puduvayal is the 2nd largest rice producer in Tamil Nadu. Puduvayal is an important commercial centre for trade in the Sivaganga district and it has been part of the Karaikudi Municipal Corporation after the city limit reformation as per government announcement. The town is famous for its Veerasekara Umaiyambigai Temple (Sakkottai area). Nearby Kandanur is famous for Kandanur Sivan Kovil—which is a replica of the Madurai Meenakshi Temple—built by Nagarthars.

Sivaganga district
Sivaganga district is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in Tamil Nadu, the south Indian state. This district was formed on 15 March 1985 by trifurcation of Ramanathapuram district into Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar and Sivaganga districts. The city of Sivaganga is the district headquarters, while Karaikudi is the most populous city in the district, administered by the Karaikudi Municipal Corporation. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the northeast, Tiruchirappalli district on the north, Ramanathapuram district on southeast, Virudhunagar district on southwest and Madurai district on the west. The area's other larger towns include Sivaganga, Kalayar Kovil, Devakottai, Manamadurai, Ilaiyangudi, Thiruppuvanam, Singampunari and Tiruppattur. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,339,101 with a sex ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males.
2018–19 Big 12 Conference men's basketball season
The 2018–19 Big 12 men's basketball season began with practices in October 2018, followed by the start of the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season in November. Regular season conference play began in December 2018 and concluded in March 2018. Kansas State and Texas Tech won a share of the regular season Big 12 Championship, ending the streak of 14 consecutive conference titles for Kansas.

The Big 12 tournament was held from March 13 through 16 at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri. Iowa State defeated Kansas in the Big 12 tournament championship game to receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, and Texas Tech each received invitations to the NCAA tournament. Texas Tech advanced to the NCAA championship game where they lost to Virginia.

2018–19 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Steve Prohm, who was in his fourth season at Iowa State. They played their home games at Hilton Coliseum in Ames, Iowa as members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 23–12, finishing in 5th place. In the Big 12 tournament, they defeated Baylor, Kansas State and Kansas to win the Big 12 championship. They received an automatic bid as a 6th seed in the NCAA tournament where they were upset by 11th seed Ohio State in the first round.
West Tyrone (District Electoral Area)
West Tyrone is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Fermanagh and Omagh, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Fermanagh and Omagh District Council and contains the wards of Dromore, Drumquin, Fairy Water, Fintona, Newtownsaville and Trillick. Omagh forms part of the West Tyrone constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Omagh Area A and Omagh Area B which had existed since 1973, where it contained seven wards (Clanabogan, Dromore, Drumquin, Fairy Water, Fintona, Newtownsaville and Trillick). For the 2014 local elections it was reduced to six wards, although it maintained the Clanabogan area.

Fermanagh and Omagh
Fermanagh and Omagh is a local government district that was created on 1 April 2015 by merging Fermanagh District and Omagh District. It covers most of the Southwest of Northern Ireland. The local authority is Fermanagh and Omagh District Council, which likewise replaced Fermanagh District Council and Omagh District Council.
Duppel Storm Cross
The Düppel Storm Cross (German: Düppeler-Sturmkreuz) was a military medal of the Kingdom of Prussia. The cross was awarded to Prussian participants in the Battle of Dybbøl (Düppeler Schanzen) which took place on 18 April 1864, during the Second Schleswig War. Established by Wilhelm, King of Prussia on 18 October 1864, the cross was initially awarded to combatants and noncombatants who directly participated in the battle. The following year, versions were created for those troops held in reserve at the battle and members of the Johanniter Orden who participated in the battle.

Battle of Dybbøl
The Battle of Dybbøl (Danish: Slaget ved Dybbøl; German: Erstürmung der Düppeler Schanzen) was the key battle of the Second Schleswig War, fought between Denmark and Prussia.  The battle was fought on the morning of 18 April 1864, following a siege that began on 2 April. Denmark suffered a severe defeat which – with the Prussian capture of the island of Als – ultimately decided the outcome of the war, forcing Danish cession of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
Bernard du Bus de Gisignies
Jonkheer Bernard Aimé Léonard du Bus de Gisignies (21 June 1808 in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode – 6 July 1874 in Bad Ems) was a Dutch nobleman and later on a Belgian politician. He was a collector of arts, books, an ornithologist and paleontologist.

Bad Ems
Bad Ems (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔɛms] ⓘ) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Rhein-Lahn rural district and is well known as a spa on the river Lahn. Bad Ems was the seat of Bad Ems collective municipality, which has been merged into the Bad Ems-Nassau collective municipality. The town has around 9,000 inhabitants.

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous hot springs and 18-20th century architecture bearing testimony to the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during that time.
Sisters of the Holy Cross Menzingen
The Sisters of Holy Cross Menzingen is a religious congregation for women in the Roman Catholic Church. It was founded in 1844 in Menzingen, Canton Zug, Switzerland by a Capuchin priest and venerable Bernarda Heimgartner. The order is now international with about 1700 sisters.

Zug
Zug (Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; French: Zoug; Italian: Zugo; Romansh: Zug; Neo-Latin: Tugium) is the largest town and capital of the Swiss canton of Zug. Zug is renowned as a hub for some of the wealthiest individuals in the world and is known for its high concentration of wealth.

The municipality had a total population of 30,934 on 31 December 2020. The official language of Zug is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Lake Gore
Lake Gore is a seasonal and semi-permanent saline lake in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia located approximately 24 km (15 mi) west of Esperance.  It is an important site for waterbirds.

Hooded plover
The hooded plover or hooded dotterel (Thinornis cucullatus) is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It is endemic to southern Australia, where it inhabits ocean beaches and subcoastal lagoons.
1995 Naga, Camarines Sur, local elections
Local elections were held in Naga City on May 8, 1995, as part of the 1995 Philippine general election. Voters elected a mayor, vice mayor, and ten city councilors. Jesse Robredo of the ruling party Lakas–NUCD–UMDP was re-elected mayor in a landslide, securing his third and final consecutive term.

1995 Philippine general election
The 1995 Philippine general election was held on May 8, 1995. Filipinos protected the ballot boxes with their lives and campaigned against politicians who used bribery, flying voters, violence, election rigging, stealing of ballot boxes, etc. The Philippine National Police (PNP) listed five people dead and more than 200 hotspots before and 300 hotspots during the election.
Strzmiele
Strzmiele [ˈstʂmjɛlɛ] (German: Stramehl) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radowo Małe, within Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Radowo Małe, 7 km (4 mi) west of Łobez, and 68 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Łobez
Łobez [ˈwɔbɛs] ⓘ (Kashubian: Łobéz; German: Labes) is a town on the river Rega in northwestern Poland, within the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Łobez County, and has a population of 10,066 (2019).
Lucy Hood (media executive)
Lucille Anne Hood (January 27, 1958 – April 2, 2014), commonly known as Lucy Hood, was the founder of Fox Mobile Entertainment and the Executive Director  of the Institute for Communication Technology Management (CTM) at the University of Southern California. Hood guided the Institute's strategy and its consortium of corporate members, which include AT&T, Verizon, Hewlett-Packard, Cisco, Qualcomm, Motorola Mobility, Alcatel-Lucent, Disney, Fox and Ogilvy & Mather. Hood was also a member of the faculty at USC's Marshall School of Business.

Ogilvy (agency)
Ogilvy is a New York City-based British advertising, marketing, and public relations agency. It was founded in 1850 by Edmund Mather as a London-based agency. In 1964, the firm became known as Ogilvy & Mather after merging with a New York City agency that was founded in 1948 by David Ogilvy.

The agency is part of the WPP Group global agency network. It provides services in five areas: growth and innovation; advertising, brand and content; public relations and influence; experience; and health. It also operates a strategy division Ogilvy Consulting.
9963 Sandage
9963 Sandage, provisional designation 1992 AN, is a stony Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California on 9 January 1992, and later named after American astronomer Allan Sandage.

Palomar Observatory
The Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Research time at the observatory is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which include the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Yale University, and the National Astronomical Observatories of China.

The observatory operates several telescopes, including the 200-inch (5.1 m) Hale Telescope, the 48-inch (1.2 m) Samuel Oschin telescope (dedicated to the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF), the Palomar 60-inch (1.5 m) Telescope, and the 30-centimetre (12-inch) Gattini-IR telescope. Decommissioned instruments include the Palomar Testbed Interferometer and the first telescopes at the observatory, an 18-inch (46 cm) Schmidt camera from 1936.
2021 SEC women's basketball tournament
The 2021 Southeastern Conference women's basketball tournament was a postseason women's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina, March 3–7, 2021. Vanderbilt cancelled its season after going 4-4 and did not compete in the conference tournament. By winning, South Carolina earned an automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament.

Bon Secours Wellness Arena
Bon Secours Wellness Arena (formerly the BI-LO Center; a.k.a. The Well) is a multi-purpose arena in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. The arena serves as the home of the Greenville Swamp Rabbits of the ECHL.
Aero Club Argentino
The Aero Club Argentino was founded in 1908 by Jorge Newbery, Aaron de Anchorena, Arturo Luisoni, Horacio Anasagasti, Alberto Mascias, Antonio de Marchi, and Carlos Himshe. Initially the club was dedicated to promoting the spirit of aviation sponsoring early experiences with aerostatic balloons.

It was located on the Villa Los Ombués estate in Barrancas de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, then belonging to local business tycoon Ernesto Tornquist and since demolished and now the location of the Embassy of the German Federal Republic.

Ernesto Tornquist
Ernesto Carlos Tornquist (31 December 1842 – 17 June 1908) was an Argentine entrepreneur and businessman, considered to be one of the most important entrepreneurs in Argentina at the end of the 19th century.

The diversified business empire he created played a key role in helping to link Argentina with the trading and financial systems of the first world. Tornquist also founded the Tornquist Bank (Banco de Tornquist), the Plaza Hotel Buenos Aires, the partido of Tornquist and Tornquist its main city, in the south of Buenos Aires Province.