hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Celia Cruz and Friends: A Night of Salsa
Celia Cruz and Friends: A Night of Salsa is a live album by Cuban salsa musician Celia Cruz. The album was recorded during a concert on May 12, 1999, in Hartford, Connecticut, which was broadcast by PBS. Among the participants of the concert were Tito Puente, Johnny Pacheco, La India, and Isidro Infante. The album peaked at number twelve on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart. The album received a Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album and a nomination for Tropical Album of the Year at the Lo Nuestro Awards of 2001.

Billboard tropical charts
The Billboard tropical charts began in 1985 when an album chart were introduced as Tropical Albums in the June 29 issue of the magazine.  In October 1994, Billboard then established Tropical Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on tropical  radio stations before switching to an audience-based methodology in January 2017. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different tropical charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Tropical Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing tropical songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

According to Billboard, tropical music refers to music originating from the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean, namely salsa, merengue, bachata, cumbia, and vallenato.
Edward McPherson
Edward McPherson (July 31, 1830 – December 14, 1895) was an American newspaper editor and politician who served two terms in the United States House of Representatives, as well as three terms as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. As a director of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, he effected efforts to protect and mark portions of the Gettysburg Battlefield.

Gettysburg Battlefield
The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the 4-acre (1.6 ha) site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27.
Ashley Marsters
Ashley Marsters (born 2 November 1993) is an Australian rugby union player. She plays Hooker internationally for Australia, and for the Western Force in the Super Rugby Women's competition. She has represented Australia at the 2014 and 2021 Rugby World Cups.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
2020 Horizon League men's basketball tournament
The 2020 Horizon League men's basketball tournament was the final event of the 2019–20 men's basketball season for the Horizon League, and the final event in the league's 2019-20 season. It began on March 3, 2020 and ended on March 10; first-round and quarterfinal games were played at the home courts of the higher seed, with all remaining games at Indiana Farmers Coliseum in Indianapolis. The winner received the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA tournament, though that was cancelled two days later due to the coronavirus pandemic, along with all other winter tourneys and spring sports.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports
The COVID-19 pandemic caused the most significant disruption to the worldwide sporting calendar since World War II. Across the world and to varying degrees, sports events were cancelled or postponed. The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were rescheduled to 2021. Only a few countries and territories—such as Hong Kong, Turkmenistan, Belarus, and Nicaragua—continued professional sporting matches as planned.
Dinesh Kumar Yadav
Dinesh Kumar Yadav is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Saptari 3 (constituency).

Saptari 3 (constituency)
Saptari 3 is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Saptari District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
Vegetarian Society (Singapore) or VSS is a non-profit, non-denominational organisation. The Singapore-registered charity was established in 1999 to "Promote vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practise, promote or endorse vegetarianism". VSS is the largest community for vegetarianism, veganism or any form of semi-vegetarianism in Singapore. Promoting a plant-based diet is one of the main goals.

VSS is a member of the International Vegetarian Union (IVU) and the Asian Vegetarian Union (AVU) to synchronise within the global context.

Non-denominational
A non-denominational person or organization is one that does not follow (or is not restricted to) any particular or specific religious denomination.

The term has been used in the context of various faiths, including Jainism, Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, Unitarian Universalism, Neo-Paganism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Wicca. It stands in contrast with a religious denomination. Religious people of a non-denominational persuasion tend to be more open-minded in their views on various religious matters and rulings. Some converts towards non-denominational strains of thought have been influenced by disputes over traditional teachings in the previous institutions they attended. Nondenominationalism has also been used as a tool for introducing neutrality into a public square when the local populace is derived from a wide-ranging set of religious beliefs.
Theobalds Road
Theobalds Road is a road in the Holborn district of London.  It is named after Theobalds Palace because King James I used this route when going between there and London, travelling with his court and baggage of some 200 carts.  For this reason, it was also known as the King's Way which is now the name of the nearby road, Kingsway.

A tram tunnel was built under Kingsway in 1902–1906 which had its north-eastern entrance at Theobalds Road.  When the tram network was closed in the 1950s, the Theobalds Road end was used as a flood control centre and movie location. In 1925 the South Place Ethical Society purchased land on Theobalds Road where the rear entrance to Conway Hall was subsequently constructed.

The road's name is usually pronounced intuitively (/ˈθiːəbəldz/), but traditionally it was pronounced "Tibbalds" (/ˈtɪbəldz/).

The road was home to the Theobald's Road Institute (or Institution) at number 8, founded by William Benbow, in 1820.

Conway Hall Ethical Society
The Conway Hall Ethical Society, formerly the South Place Ethical Society, based in London at Conway Hall, is thought to be the oldest surviving freethought organisation in the world and is the only remaining ethical society in the United Kingdom. It now advocates secular humanism and is a member of Humanists International.
Shintani
Shintani (written: 新谷 lit. new valley ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Judy Shintani, Japanese American artist

Kaoru Shintani (新谷 かおる, born 1951), Japanese manga artist

Mayumi Shintani (新谷 真弓, born 1975), Japanese actress and voice actress

Midori Shintani (薪谷 翠, born 1980), Japanese judo wrestler

Ryōko Shintani (新谷 良子, born 1981), Japanese voice actress and singer

Tadahiko Shintani (新谷 忠彦, born 1946), Japanese linguist

Takuro Shintani (新谷 卓郎, 1943 – 1980), Japanese mathematician

Terry Shintani (born 1951), American physician, attorney, nutritionist, professor, author, lecturer, radio show host and community advocate in Hawaii

Ryōko Shintani
Ryōko Shintani (新谷良子, Shintani Ryōko; born March 31, 1981) is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Kanazawa, Ishikawa. She is under the Lantis and Vi-vo Recording Label and famous as the voice of Milfeulle Sakuraba in the Galaxy Angel Series. She also sang along with Yukari Tamura, Miyuki Sawashiro, Mayumi Yamaguchi and Mika Kanai as the group Angel-Tai.
1917 Australian general strike
Usually referred to as the "New South Wales General Strike", but referred to by contemporaries as "the Great Strike", it was in fact neither general nor confined to NSW. The strike was however a mass strike, involving around 100,000 workers, mostly in NSW and Victoria. It began in the Australian state of New South Wales and spread to other states over six weeks from 2 August to 8 September 1917 when the official leadership declared the strike over. It took two weeks for all the railway strikers to return, however, as rank and file meetings initially rejected the official capitulation. Outside the railways, significant groups such as the waterside workers in Sydney and Melbourne, and the Hunter Valley coal mines remained out until November (or December in the case of the Melbourne waterfront) as in their case the use of strikebreakers had turned the strike into a lockout.

Strikebreaker
A strikebreaker (sometimes pejoratively called a scab, blackleg, bootlicker, blackguard or knobstick) is a person who works despite an ongoing strike. Strikebreakers may be current employees (union members or not), or new hires to keep the organization running (hired after or during the strike). In continuing to work, or taking jobs at a workplace under current strike, strikebreakers are said to "cross picket lines".

Some countries have passed laws outlawing strikebreakers to give more power to trade unions, while other countries have passed right-to-work laws which protect strikebreakers.
The Samurai's Garden
The Samurai's Garden is a 1994 novel by American author Gail Tsukiyama.  Many consider it to be Tsukiyama's finest work, and an influential piece in Asian American literature. The Samurai's Garden is often included in required reading lists for high school students,  and is considered to be a prime example of using effective figurative language.

Asian American literature
Asian American literature is a category of literature regarding works published by writers of Asian descent that are from or have immigrated to the United States. Its' subject matter relates to Asian Americans navigating the various experiences, identities, and struggles in the U.S.

Since its' official emergence in the late 1960s, Asian American literature has expanded from a minor genre to an established tradition with numerous works becoming bestsellers and winning mainstream awards, such as the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award.
Malinovsky (urban-type settlement)
Malinovsky (Russian: Малиновский) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Sovetsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population:  2,755 (2010 Census); 2,621 (2002 Census); 2,956 (1989 Soviet census).

Sovetsky District, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Sovetsky District (Russian: Сове́тский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 29,768.74 square kilometers (11,493.77 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sovetsky. Population: 48,059 (2010 Census);  44,720 (2002 Census); 73,247 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 55.1% of the district's total population.
Baltimore Community Foundation
The Baltimore Community Foundation (BCF) is a community foundation created by and for the people of Baltimore to serve the current and future needs of Greater Baltimore. BCF's mission is to inspire donors to achieve their charitable goals from generation to generation and to improve the quality of life in the Baltimore region through grantmaking, civic leadership and strategic investments.

With assets over $300 million and more than 900 charitable funds created by individuals, families, and corporations, BCF has granted more than $737 million since 2001 and made additional contributions since its inception in 1972, making it one of the Baltimore region’s top grantmaking foundations. In addition to managing donor-advised funds, BCF makes grants and impact investments, and advocates for policies to improve public education and quality of life in Baltimore neighborhoods. Its role as an advocate was highlighted in FSG Social Impact Advisors’ 2009 report, Raising Money While Raising Hell.

Community foundation
Community foundations (CFs) are instruments of civil society designed to pool donations into a coordinated investment and grant making facility dedicated primarily to the social improvement of a given place. Community foundations are a global phenomenon with 1700 existing around the world, of which over 700 are in the United States. Private foundations are typically endowed by an individual or a single family.
Road signs in the United Kingdom
Road signs in the United Kingdom and in its associated Crown dependencies and overseas territories conform broadly to European design norms, with a number of exceptions: direction signs omit European route numbers, and road signs generally use the imperial units (miles and yards), unlike the rest of Europe (kilometres and metres). Signs in Wales (Welsh) and parts of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic) are bilingual.

A range of signs are used on British roads, such as motorway signs, warning signs and regulatory signs.

The United Kingdom signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on 8 November 1968 but has yet to fully ratify it.

Comparison of European road signs
Nearly all European countries operate a broadly similar system of road signs, road markings and traffic signals, but there are noticeable differences mainly in:

Graphic design details

Local regulatory significance

The colour-coding of directional signs

Local language texts (sometimes bilingual)

The meaning and colour-coding of horizontal road surface markings

Most European countries are party to the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals and the associated European agreements supplementing it. A comparison of signage, however, reveals some significant differences at a national level—alongside less minor differences at a regional level.
Jon Culshaw
Jonathan Peter Culshaw (born 2 June 1968) is an English actor, comedian and impressionist. He is best known for his work on the radio comedy Dead Ringers since 2000.

Culshaw has voiced a number of characters for ITV shows including 2DTV (2001), Spitting Image (1994–96) and Newzoids (2015–2016), as well as appearing in The Impressions Show alongside Debra Stephenson from 2009 to 2011.

Obi-Wan Kenobi
Obi-Wan Kenobi (/ˈoʊbiːˌwɑːn kəˈnoʊbiː/) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He was introduced in the original Star Wars film (1977) and its novelization (1976). In Star Wars and its two sequels, Obi-Wan is depicted as a Jedi Master who trains Luke Skywalker in the ways of the Force. In the prequel trilogy, he mentors Luke's father, Anakin Skywalker. Obi-Wan is portrayed by Alec Guinness in the original trilogy and by Ewan McGregor in the prequel films. McGregor also plays the character in the television series Obi-Wan Kenobi (2022). Guinness's performance in Star Wars earned him the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
The Perfect Club
The Perfect Club (Spanish: El club perfecto) is a 2024 Mexican heist comedy film written and directed by Ricardo Castro Velazquez. It follows two mismatched students who form a club that steals exams to pass the grade. The cast is composed of Ana Layevska, Alfonso Borbolla, Liz Gallardo, Hernán del Riego, Aldo Escalante, Xavier García, Rodrigo Munguía, Gabriel Fritsch, Daniela Martínez, Andrea Tova, Diego Peniche, Miguel Orlando, Dei Saldaña, Jorge Reyes, Regina Carrillo, Gabriel Ulloa and Selene Gottdiner.

Heist film
The heist film or caper film is a subgenre of crime films and the caper story, focused on the planning, execution, and aftermath of a significant robbery.

One of the early defining heist films was The Asphalt Jungle (1950), which according to Film Genre 2000, "almost single-handedly popularized the genre for mainstream cinema". It featured robbers whose personal failings ultimately led to the failure of their robbery. Similar films using this formula were Armored Car Robbery (1950), The Killing (1956), and The Getaway (1972). By the 1990s, heist films began to "experiment and play with these conventions", incorporating elements such as comedy into their stories.
Horace Manges
Horace S. Manges (1898 – February 11, 1986) was an American lawyer, specializing in copyright law. He was a founding partner of Weil, Gotshal & Manges in 1931.

A native of New York City, Manges graduated from Columbia College and Columbia Law School. He became an authority on copyright law and served as a counsel to the American Book Publishers Council from 1953 to 1970. He advised publishers like Charles Scribner IV, and also represented many authors, including William Faulkner, John O'Hara, Truman Capote, Whittaker Chambers, and James Jones.

Together with Frank Weil and Sylvan Gotshal he founded Weil, Gotshal & Manges in 1931, which as of 2016 is one of the largest law firms in the world.

Manges was married to former Nathalie Bloch (d. 1983). The couple had two sons, Gerard H. Manges (d. 1983), and James H. Manges.

Charles Scribner IV
Charles Scribner IV (July 13, 1921 – November 11, 1995), also known as Charles Scribner Jr., was the head of the Charles Scribner's Sons publishing company. He was a resident of Manhattan for most of his adult life, living on the Upper East Side since 1945.
Daneshmand, Iran
Daneshmand (Persian: دانشمند, also Romanized as Dāneshmand) is a village in Atrak Rural District, Dashli Borun District, Gonbad-e Qabus County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 230, in 46 families.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
My Gal is a High-Born Lady
"My Gal is a High-Born Lady" (alternative titles: My Gal is a High Born Lady, My Gal's a High Born Lady) is a minstrel song was written by Barney Fagan and Gustav Luders (music) in 1896.  It was a favourite well into the first half of the 20th century and is still performed today, often in bluegrass style.  Its unusual ragtime rhythm is regarded as seminal in the later popularity of the Foxtrot.  The original lyrics are offensive to modern culture due to their racial stereotypes and the song is notable for how often it has been performed with altered lyrics (e.g. the Looney Tunes cartoon Long-Haired Hare).

Ethnic stereotype
An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their  status, societal and cultural norms. A national stereotype does the same for a given nationality. Stereotyping is typically associated with racism, and may also be used for humor in jokes.

National stereotypes may relate either to one's own ethnicity/nationality or to a foreign/differing one.  Stereotypes about one's own nation may aid in maintaining a national identity due to a collective relatability to a trait or characteristic, referred to as national character.
Rainis
Jānis Pliekšāns (11 September 1865 – 11 September 1929), known by his pseudonym Rainis, was a Latvian poet, playwright, translator, and politician. Rainis' works include the classic plays Uguns un nakts (Fire and Night, 1905) and Indulis un Ārija (Indulis and Ārija, 1911), and a highly regarded translation of Goethe's Faust. His works had a profound influence on the literary Latvian language, and the ethnic symbolism he employed in his major works has been central to Latvian nationalism.

Symbol
A symbol is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, relationship, or mathematical formula. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise different concepts and experiences. All communication is achieved through the use of symbols: for example, a red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"; on maps, blue lines often represent rivers; and a red rose often symbolizes love and compassion. Numerals are symbols for numbers; letters of an alphabet may be symbols for certain phonemes; and personal names are symbols representing individuals. The academic study of symbols is called semiotics.

In the arts, symbolism is the use of a concrete element to represent a more abstract idea. In cartography, an organized collection of symbols forms a legend for a map.
Matt Elam
Matthew D. Elam (born September 21, 1991) is an American professional football safety for the San Antonio Gunslingers of the Indoor Football League (IFL). He played college football for the Florida Gators, where he earned All-American honors. He was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round of the 2013 NFL draft.

San Antonio Gunslingers (indoor football)
The San Antonio Gunslingers are a professional indoor football team based in San Antonio, Texas, that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The team plays its home games at Freeman Coliseum. They share their name with the original USFL's team of the same name that played from 1984 to 1985.
Sergey Shakaryan
Sergey Slavik Shakaryan (born 9 December, 1974 in Aygestan, Hadrut Province, Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast) (Armenian: Սերգեյ Սլավիկի Շաքարյան) was an Artsakhian military Colonel of the Artsakh Defense Army. He was the recipient of the Hero of Artsakh military award and one of the commanders of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. He was killed in Martuni, Nagorno-Karabakh, during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Artsakh Defence Army
The Defense Army of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, romanized: Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak, also Defense Army of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh), also known as Artsakh Defence Army (or Nagorno-Karabakh Defence Army) was the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. Established in 1992, it united previously disorganized defence units which were formed in the early 1990s.

It was disbanded on 20 September 2023 under the terms of the Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement following the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive.