hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louisa Maria Stuart
Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart (French: Louise Marie Thérèse; 28 June 1692 – 18 April 1712), known to Jacobites as The Princess Royal, was the last child of James II and VII, the deposed King of England, Scotland and Ireland, by his second wife Mary of Modena. Like her brother James Francis Edward Stuart (The Old Pretender), Louisa Maria was a Roman Catholic, which, under the Act of Settlement 1701, debarred them both from succession to the British throne after the death of their Protestant half-sister Anne, Queen of Great Britain.

A Royal Stuart Society paper calls Louisa Maria the Princess over the Water, an allusion to the informal title King over the Water of the Jacobite pretenders, none of whom had any other legitimate daughters.

Royal Stuart Society
The Royal Stuart Society, founded in 1926, is the largest extant Jacobite organisation in the United Kingdom. Its full name is The Royal Stuart Society and Royalist League, although it is best known simply as the "Royal Stuart Society". It acknowledges Francis, Duke of Bavaria as head of the House of Stuart, while refraining from making any claim on his behalf that he does not make himself.

The society organises annual events to commemorate the major anniversaries of Jacobitism and other events of Royalist interest.
Portrait of Bishop Bernardo de' Rossi
The Portrait of Bishop Bernardo de' Rossi is an oil-on-panel painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Lorenzo Lotto, dating to 1505. It is housed in the National Museum of Capodimonte of Naples, southern Italy.

The work dates to Lotto's stay in Treviso, and featured a cover with title, signature and dates, identified as the Allegory of Virtues and Vices now at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, United States. The portrait was brought to Parma by Bernardo de' Rossi when he fled there in 1524. Here it became part of the Farnese collection, which was transferred to Naples  in 1760.

Museo di Capodimonte
40°52′01.22″N 14°15′01.92″E﻿ / ﻿40.8670056°N 14.2505333°E﻿ / 40.8670056; 14.2505333

Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy designed by Giovanni Antonio Medrano. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian schools of painting, and some important ancient Roman sculptures. It is one of the largest museums in Italy. The museum was inaugurated in 1957.
Raaj (film)
Raaj is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language film directed by V. N. Aditya and produced under the banner of Kumar Brothers Cinema. Sumanth, Priyamani and Vimala Raman played the lead roles. Koti is the music composer for this film. It released on 18 March 2011 to extremely negative reviews. It was later dubbed into Tamil and Malayalam under the title Maharani – The Beauty Queen. RKD Studios have bought the sole and exclusive rights of the film in Hindi and all other Northern Indian languages.

Koti (composer)
Saluri Koteswara Rao, known professionally as Koti, is an Indian composer and singer who predominantly works in Telugu films . He has composed music for over 528 films. The son of veteran composer S. Rajeswara Rao, in early 1980s Koti teamed up with Somaraju (Raj), son of T. V. Raju, and the resulting duo was known as Raj–Koti. The duo composed music for about 180 films from their debut in 1983 till their separation in 1994. After the separation, Koti has composed music and background score for more than 350 movies. He won the Nandi Award for Best Music Director for the film Hello Brother (1994).
James B. Dudley High School
James Benson Dudley High School is a four-year public high school located in Guilford County in the city of Greensboro, North Carolina. Dudley High School was founded in 1929 as the first black high school in Guilford County, in a school system segregated by law. The school was named for James Benson Dudley (1859–1925).

History of African-American education
The History of African-American education deals with the public and private schools at all levels used by African Americans in the United States and for the related policies and debates. Black schools, also referred to as "Negro schools" and  "colored schools", were racially segregated schools in the United States that originated in the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War. They were created in Southern states under biracial Republican governments as free public schools for the formerly enslaved. All their students were blacks. After 1877, conservative whites took control across the South. They continued the black schools, but at a much lower funding rate than white schools.
Radhika (choreographer)
Radhika is an Indian choreographer. She works predominantly in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Kannada and Malayalam films. She learned dance from Uduppi Lakshman Narayan starting at the age of six. Radhika started her career at age 12 as a dancer in the movie Thalattu directed by T.K.Rajendran. Radhika has 20 years of experience in dance choreography. She worked with Tarun Kumar, Brinda, Raju Sundaram, Chinni Prakash, and Raghava Lawrence. She has worked on more than 100 films. Her first independent film was Mugamoodi, directed by Mysskin. She choreographed all the songs in this film.

Mysskin
Shanmugha Raja, known professionally as Mysskin (/ˈmɪʃkɪn/),  is an Indian film director, screenwriter, lyricist, playback singer, actor, film producer and composer.

He made his directorial debut in 2006 with Chithiram Pesuthadi. His subsequent films Anjathe (2008), Nandalala (2010) and Onaayum Aattukkuttiyum (2013) and Pisaasu (2014) received critical acclaim. He made his acting debut with Nandalala (2010), where he portrayed a mentally disabled man.
Pulmonary surfactant
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of the surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension.

As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.

Interface (matter)
In the physical sciences, an interface is the boundary between two spatial regions occupied by different matter, or by matter in different physical states. The interface between matter and air, or matter and vacuum, is called a surface, and studied in surface science. In thermal equilibrium, the regions in contact are called phases, and the interface is called a phase boundary. An example for an interface out of equilibrium is the grain boundary in polycrystalline matter.
Chijioke
Chijioke is a male given name of Igbo origin. It means “God holds my share”. Notable people with the given name include:

Chijioke Amu-Nnadi (born 1962), Nigerian poet and author

Chijioke Ejiogu (born 1984), Nigerian soccer player

Chijioke Nwakodo, Nigerian politician and businessman

Chijioke Onyenegecha (born 1983), Canadian football player

Chijioke Nwakodo
Chijioke Nwakodo Listenⓘ was a Nigerian politician and businessman. He served as the 3rd Abia state chief of staff from 3 June 2015 until his death in August 2017.

Prior to his appointment, he had also served as chief economic adviser to Abia state during the Theodore Orji-led administration.
Euxoa adumbrata
Euxoa adumbrata, the sordid dart, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Eduard Friedrich Eversmann in 1842. In North America it is found across northern Canada from Quebec to western Alaska, south to the northern parts of the United States, and in the mountains to Colorado. It is also found in Greenland, the coastal areas of Scandinavia and the Ural. It was recently recorded from Denmark, although this includes Euxoa lidia, which some authors regard to be a valid species.

The wingspan is 34–40 mm (1.3–1.6 in). Adults are on wing from June to August in North America and from July to August in northern Europe. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Taraxacum and Polygonum species.

Polygonum
Polygonum is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat and knotweed family Polygonaceae. Common names include knotweed and knotgrass (though the common names may refer more broadly to plants from Polygonaceae). In the Middle English glossary of herbs Alphita (c. 1400–1425), it was known as ars-smerte. There have been various opinions about how broadly the genus should be defined. For example, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) has sometimes been included in the genus as Polygonum fagopyrum. Former genera such as Polygonella have been subsumed into Polygonum; other genera have been split off.

The genus primarily grows in northern temperate regions. The species are very diverse, ranging from prostrate herbaceous annual plants to erect herbaceous perennial plants.

Polygonum species are occasionally eaten by humans, and are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species – see list. Most species are considered weeds in Europe and North America.
Cognitive restructuring
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. CR employs many strategies, such as Socratic questioning, thought recording, and guided imagery, and is used in many types of therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). A number of studies demonstrate considerable efficacy in using CR-based therapies.

Guided imagery
Guided imagery (also known as guided affective imagery, or katathym-imaginative psychotherapy) is a mind-body intervention by which a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate mental images that simulate or recreate the sensory perception of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, movements, and images associated with touch, such as texture, temperature, and pressure, as well as imaginative or mental content that the participant or patient experiences as defying conventional sensory categories, and that may precipitate strong emotions or feelings in the absence of the stimuli to which correlating sensory receptors are receptive.

The practitioner or teacher may facilitate this process in person to an individual or a group or you may do it with a virtual group. Alternatively, the participant or patient may follow guidance provided by a sound recording, video, or audiovisual media comprising spoken instruction that may be accompanied by music or sound.
Argeșanu cabinet
The cabinet of Gheorghe Argeșanu was the government of Romania from 21 September to 28 September 1939. After the assassination of his predecessor, Armand Călinescu, by the Iron Guard, the Argeșanu cabinet's primary achievement was apprehension and execution of the assassins and wave of killings of Iron Guardsmen. The government lasted only seven days and was followed by the Argetoianu cabinet.

Armand Călinescu
Armand Călinescu (4 June 1893 – 21 September 1939) was a Romanian economist and politician, who served as 39th Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination six months later. He was a staunch opponent of the fascist Iron Guard and may have been the real power behind the throne during the dictatorship of King Carol II. He survived several assassination attempts but was finally killed by members of the Iron Guard with German assistance.
Stockert (hill)
The Stockert  is a 435-metre-high hill which rises between Eschweiler and Holzheim in the district of Euskirchen in the borough of Bad Münstereifel, in the Eifel mountains of Germany, and west of the city of Bonn.

Euskirchen (district)
Euskirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɔʏskɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the south-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Aachen, Düren, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Sieg, Ahrweiler, Daun, Bitburg-Prüm, and the Liège province (Belgium).
Departmental Council of French Guiana
The General Council of French Guiana (French: Conseil général de la Guyane) was the deliberative executive assembly of the French Department of French Guiana. (French Guiana was also a French region, with a Regional Council, the Regional Council of French Guiana, as well).

The General Council was chaired by the President of the General Council of French Guiana. Alain Tien-Liong, of the DVG, held the presidency of the General Council from 2008 to the abolition of the department in 2015.

Miscellaneous left
Miscellaneous left (French: Divers gauche, DVG) in France refers to left-wing candidates who are not members of any party or a member of party that has no elected seats. They include either small left-wing parties or dissidents expelled from their parties for running against their party's candidate. Numerous divers gauche candidates are elected at a local level, and a smaller number at the national level.
Howard Norris
Charles Howard Norris (11 June 1934 – 30 January 2015) was a Wales international rugby union player.

He was capped twice by Wales as a prop, both times against France, once in 1963 and once in 1966.

He was selected for the 1966 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, and played in the first three tests against the All Blacks, giving him the distinction of earning more caps for the Lions than he did for his country.

Norris played club rugby for Tylorstown and Cardiff, making a record 415 appearances for Cardiff. He was born in Porth and died in Cardiff on 30 January 2015.

Porth
Porth (Welsh: Y Porth) is a town and community in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Wales. Lying in the Rhondda Valley, it is regarded as the gateway connecting the Rhondda Fawr and Rhondda Fach valleys due to both valleys meeting at Porth. The Welsh word "porth" means "gate". Porth is a predominantly English-speaking community.

Neighbouring villages include Trealaw, Trebanog, Trehafod and Ynyshir.
Aloe angelica
Aloe angelica (Wylliespoort Aloe) is a species of aloe endemic to the Soutpansberg and Blouberg mountains in the Northern Province of South Africa. It is a large, single-stemmed plant, 3–4 meters in height, with green, succulent leaves, bent backward, and red-budded flowers in compact bunches on much-branched racemes, turning yellow as they flower.

Blouberg (range)
The Blouberg (formerly "Blaauwberg"), meaning "Blue Mountain" in Dutch, is a range of mountains in the Limpopo Province, at the far north of South Africa. It is located in Blouberg Local Municipality, Capricorn District. The mountain is entrenched in the history of the local Northern Sotho people, and they have different names for its various parts.

The Blouberg forms part of the 'Vhembe Biosphere Reserve', named a biosphere reserve by UNESCO since 2009. This reserve also includes the neighboring Makgabeng Plateau, the Soutpansberg, the northern part of the Kruger National Park, the Makuleke Wetlands and the Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape. The eastern and part of the central Blouberg prominences are enclosed and protected as part of the Blouberg Nature Reserve. A 4x4 track traverses Rapanyan's Neck, the defile that separates these easterly subranges.
UGC 5692
UGC 5692 is a Magellanic-type spiral galaxy located 13 million light years away in the constellation of Ursa Major and it is considered to be a member of the Messier 81 Group.  An alternate designation DDO 82 is named for the David Dunlap Observatory Catalogue. The galaxy was added to this list in 1959 by Sidney van den Bergh.

M81 Group
The M81 Group is a galaxy group in the constellations Ursa Major and Camelopardalis that includes the  galaxies Messier 81 and Messier 82, as well as several other galaxies with high apparent brightnesses.  The approximate center of the group is located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, making it one of the nearest groups to the Local Group.  The group is estimated to have a total mass of (1.03 ± 0.17)×1012M☉.
The M81 Group, the Local Group, and other nearby groups all lie within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster).
Broadside (album)
Broadside is the fourth full album by Bellowhead, released on 15 October 2012.

The album was recorded over several weeks at Rockfield Studios in March 2012. Initially around 25 tracks were arranged for the album, of these 14 tracks were recorded (all of which became commercially available). Like their previous album, Hedonism, it was produced by John Leckie.

All of the tracks, bar one, on Broadside are traditional folk songs, many being written several hundred years ago; they have all been given a new arrangement by the band. The album title refers both to the nautical meaning of firepower and to broadside ballads, an early form of printed song.

The album entered the UK official album charts at number 16, unprecedented for an independently released folk album. It also went to number 1 in the UK independent album charts.

Broadside ballad
A broadside (also known as a broadsheet) is a single sheet of inexpensive paper printed on one side, often with a ballad, rhyme, news and sometimes with woodcut illustrations. They were one of the most common forms of printed material between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly in Britain, Ireland and North America because they are easy to produce and are often associated with one of the most important forms of traditional music from these countries, the ballad. They were also common across Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.
Dawn Bowden
Dawn Alison Louise Bowden (born 14 February 1960) is a Welsh Labour Party politician and trade unionist serving as Minister for Children and Social Care since 2024. She previously served as Chief Whip of the Welsh Government from 2021 to 2023 and Deputy Minister for Arts and Sport (later also Tourism) from 2021 to 2024. Bowden has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney since 2016.

Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru, pronounced [ɬəˈwɔdraːɨθ ˈkəmrɨ]) is the devolved government of Wales. It consists of cabinet secretaries and ministers. The government is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru), who selects ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas (such as health, education, economic development, transport and local government) for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.

The current Welsh Government is a Labour minority administration, following the 2021 Senedd election. It is led by Eluned Morgan who has been the first minister of Wales since August 2024.
Ittan-momen
Ittan-momen (一反木綿, "one bolt (tan) of cotton") are yōkai (supernatural beings) in the folklore of Kōyama, Kimotsuki District, Kagoshima Prefecture (now Kimotsuki). They are also called ittan monme or ittan monmen.

Kōyama, Kagoshima
Kōyama (高山町, Kōyama-chō) was a town located in Kimotsuki District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 14,441 and a density of 112.15 persons per km2. The total area was 128.76 km2.

On July 1, 2005, Kōyama, along with the town of Uchinoura (also from Kimotsuki District), was merged to create the town of Kimotsuki.
Wold Newton Cricket Club
Wold Newton Cricket Club represent and play in the village of Wold Newton in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Their ground is located off Laking Lane, heading out of the village towards Burton Fleming. Currently the first team plays in Division 2 of the Scarborough Beckett Cricket League,

Burton Fleming
Burton Fleming is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies close to the border with North Yorkshire. The village is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Bridlington and 6 miles (10 km) south of Filey.
Air Vegas
Air Vegas (IATA: 6V, ICAO: VGA, call sign: Air Vegas) was an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of the North Las Vegas Air Terminal in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It operated sightseeing flights from Las Vegas to the Grand Canyon. Prior to moving to the North Las Vegas Airport its main bases were McCarran International Airport (LAS), Las Vegas and Henderson Executive Airport (HND), Las Vegas.  Rankings published in 1991 and 1994 placed the airline in the top 50 regional/commuter airlines in the United States by passenger enplanements.

North Las Vegas Airport
North Las Vegas Airport (IATA: VGT, ICAO: KVGT, FAA LID: VGT) is a public-use airport 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of downtown Las Vegas in North Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned by the Clark County Commission and operated by the Clark County Department of Aviation.

Known locally as Northtown, it is the second–busiest public use government airport in the Las Vegas area and the third busiest in Nevada. It is the primary airport in the Las Vegas area for general aviation and scenic tours, allowing Harry Reid International Airport to focus on airline flights. North Las Vegas offered limited regional airline service by Grand Canyon Scenic Airlines in the early 2000s. Many helicopter operators, including the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, use the airport.
Gothersgade 29
Gothersgade 29 is a property with roots going back to the late 17th century. It was later increased in height twice and with a facade design dating from 1865, situated in Gothersgade, opposite Borgergade, in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. The building fronting the street is via a staircase on the rear attached to a half-timbered rear wing from before 1710. The complex was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1981.

Gothersgade
Gothersgade (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkoˀtɐsˌkɛːðə]; see below) is a major street in the City Centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It extends from Kongens Nytorv to Sortedam Lake, passing Rosenborg Castle and Gardens, Nørreport Station and Copenhagen Botanic Gardens on the way.

Every day at 11:30 am, the Royal Life Guards, who are based at Rosenborg Barracks, depart from Rosenborg Eksercerplads and march down Gothersgade and up Bredgade for the ceremonial changing of the guard at 12 noon at Amalienborg Palace Square.
2003 TD Waterhouse Cup
The 2003 TD Waterhouse Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Hamlet Golf and Country Club in Jericho, New York in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from August 18 through August 24, 2003. First-seeded Paradorn Srichaphan won his second consecutive singles title at the event.

Jericho, New York
Jericho /dʒɛrɪkoʊ/ is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States, approximately 29 miles (47 km) east of Midtown Manhattan. The population was 14,808 at the time of the 2020 census.

The area is served by the Jericho Union Free and the Syosset Central School Districts, the boundaries of which differ somewhat from those of the hamlet. The boundaries of the Jericho Post Office vary from both the hamlet and the school district boundaries, including a portion of Jericho in the Westbury ZIP code and a portion of Syosset in the Jericho ZIP code.