hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia
The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Autonomna Pokrajina Zapadna Bosna; APZB), was a small unrecognized proto-state that existed in the northwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1993 and 1995. It consisted mainly of the town of Velika Kladuša, its capital, and a few nearby villages and fields. It was proclaimed as a result of secessionist politics by Fikret Abdić against the central government of Alija Izetbegović during the Bosnian War, which led to the Intra-Bosnian Muslim War. For a short time in 1995, it was known as the Republic of Western Bosnia (Serbo-Croatian: Republika Zapadna Bosna).

Bihać
Bihać is a city and the administrative centre of Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the banks of river Una in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Bosanska Krajina region close to the border with Croatia. In 2013 its population was 56,261.
Borsuri Tur Dal
Borsuri Tur Dal is a variety of pigeon pea cultivated in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a common and widely cultivated crop in the Borsuri village of Nilanga taluka located in Latur district.

Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "'Borsuri Tur Dal".

Nilanga Taluka
Nilanga Taluka is a taluka of the Latur district in Maharashtra, India. The administrative center for the taluka is the town of Nilanga. At the 2011 census, there were 116 panchayat villages in Nilanga Taluka.
Bến Tre province
Bến Tre was a former province of Vietnam. It was one of the country's southern provinces, and was situated in the Mekong Delta. It is also famous for its coconuts and the Coconut Religion nationwide. Disconnected from the mainland, the province lies mainly on 2 river islands. It has land borders only with Vĩnh Long Province, which occupies the western tip of the southern river island.

On June 12, 2025, Bến Tre was incorporated into Vĩnh Long province.

Tiền River
The Tiền River (Vietnamese: Sông Tiền 瀧前 or Tiền Giang 前江) is the name given to the section of the Mekong’s mainstream in Vietnam.

At Phnom Penh, the Bassac River branches off from Mekong River. Both Mekong and the distributary Bassac then flow towards the Cambodia–Vietnam border. After entering Vietnam, Mekong is known as the Tiền River (or Fleuve Antérieur in French, meaning "prior river") while Bassac is known as the Hậu River (Vietnamese: Sông Hậu/Hậu Giang or French: Fleuve Postérieur, meaning "posterior river").

In Vietnam, distributaries of the Tiền River include the Cổ Chiên River, the Hàm Luông River, the Ba Lai River and the Mỹ Tho River.
Russian 102nd Military Base
The Russian 102nd Military Base (Armenian: Ռուսական 102-րդ ռազմակայան; Russian: 102-я российская военная база) is a Russian military base in Gyumri, Armenia, under the command of the Southern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces.

During the Soviet era, forces in Armenia were part of the Transcaucasian Group of Forces. It was formerly the base of the 127th Motor Rifle Division of the Soviet Seventh Guards Army. The base is about 120 kilometers (75 mi) north of the Armenian capital, Yerevan.

BTR-70
The BTR-70 is an eight-wheeled armored personnel carrier (Russian: бронетранспортёр, БТР, romanized: bronetransportyor, lit. 'armored carrier') originally developed by the Soviet Union during the late 1960s under the manufacturing code GAZ-4905. On August 21, 1972, it was accepted into Soviet service and would later be widely exported. Large quantities were also produced under license in Romania as the TAB-77.

The BTR-70 was developed as a potential successor for the earlier BTR-60 series of Soviet wheeled armored personnel carriers, specifically the BTR-60PB, which it most closely resembled. It evolved out of an earlier, unsuccessful project known as the GAZ-50 to design a new wheeled infantry fighting vehicle on the chassis and drive train of a BTR-60PB. It initially received the NATO reporting name BTR M1970.
John O'Donohue
John O'Donohue (1 January 1956 – 4 January 2008) was an Irish poet, author, priest, and Hegelian philosopher. He was a native Irish speaker, and as an author is best known for popularising Celtic spirituality.

County Clare
County Clare (Irish: Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the  Southern part of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. Clare County Council is the local authority. The county had a population of 127,938 at the 2022 census. The county seat and largest settlement is Ennis.
Australian Fishing and Lifestyle Party
The Australian Fishing and Lifestyle Party (AFLP) was a minor Australian political party, formed in 2006 from the Queensland branch of the Fishing Party and federally registered in 2007. It opposes any bans on recreational fishing, the use of four-wheel drives, horse riding, trail bikes, camping and kayaking, and generally opposes conservation measures which it sees as threatening to recreation. The party's website indicates particular opposition to the Greens. It contested the Senate in the 2007 election in Queensland and South Australia, and on a joint ticket with the Shooters Party in New South Wales.

The party has been involved in Glenn Druery's Minor Party Alliance. Druery has also received regular payments from the Fishing and Lifestyle Party.

The party was voluntary deregistered on 8 December 2014.

Glenn Druery
Glenn William Druery is an Australian political strategist, electoral campaigner and ultra-distance cyclist. He has played a leading role in the electoral success of various micro and minor parties in Australia since the mid-1990s.

He acquired a reputation through his Minor Party Alliance as the "preference whisperer" of Australian politics. He served as the chief of staff for Australia's Voice senator Fatima Payman from August 2024 until August 2025.
2005 French Open – Men's doubles
Xavier Malisse and Olivier Rochus were the defending champions, but lost in the third round against third seeds and eventual finalists Bob & Mike Bryan.

Jonas Björkman and Max Mirnyi defeated The Bryans in the final to win the title, it was their first title as a team. With the victory, Björkman completed the Career Grand Slam, having won the three other Major tournaments previously.

Xavier Malisse
Xavier Malisse (born 19 July 1980) is a Belgian tennis coach and a former professional player. Born in the north-western Flemish city of Kortrijk and nicknamed X-Man, he is one of only two Belgian men (the other being David Goffin) to have been ranked in the top 20 of the ATP Tour, with a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19.
Newark Metropolitan Airport Buildings
The Newark Metropolitan Airport Buildings are at Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark, New Jersey. Newark Metropolitan, opened in 1928, was the first major airport in the United States. The trio of Art Deco buildings, the Administration Building, Brewster Hangar and the Medical Building, were built in 1934 and dedicated by Amelia Earhart in 1935. They were added to state and federal registers of historic places in 1980. In 2001, the Administration Building was relocated when a runway was lengthened, and they have subsequently been renovated. The terminal was once adorned with murals by Arshile Gorky, only two of which survive and are part of the Newark Museum collection.

Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑːrt/ AIR-hart; born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviator and aviation pioneer who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight.

In 1928, she was the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane. In 1932, she became the first woman to make a nonstop solo transatlantic flight, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for her achievement. She was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and helped found the Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.

On July 2, 1937, she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the world. Since her disappearance, Earhart  has become a global cultural figure and numerous films, documentaries, and books have recounted her life. She is ranked ninth on Flying's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.
Hamlet (2025 film)
Hamlet is a 2025 British drama film based on William Shakespeare's Hamlet, reimagined in a contemporary London. Directed by Aneil Karia and written by Michael Lesslie, it stars Riz Ahmed, Morfydd Clark, Joe Alwyn, Sheeba Chaddha, Avijit Dutt, Art Malik, and Timothy Spall. The film had its premiere at the 52nd Telluride Film Festival on 30 August 2025 and was released in theatres in the United Kingdom on 6 February 2026.

Laertes (Hamlet)
Laertes /leɪˈɜːrtiːz/ is a character in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet. Laertes is Polonius' son and Ophelia's brother. In the final scene, he mortally stabs Hamlet with a poison-tipped sword to avenge the deaths of his father and sister, for which he blames Hamlet. While dying of the same poison, he implicates King Claudius.

The Laertes character is thought to be originated by Shakespeare, as there is no equivalent character in any of the known sources for the play. His name is taken from Laërtes, father of Odysseus in Homer's Odyssey.
Lions Eye Hospital
Lions Eye Hospital is an eye hospital established in November 1996, located at Lions Chowk, Butwal-4, Rupandehi district, Nepal.

The hospital is running in its own building constructed by the Lions Club of Butwal. The hospital has 40 beds and 29 staff members.

Rupandehi District
Rupandehi District (Nepali: रुपन्देही जिल्ला; pronounced [ɾu.pʌn.de.i; -e.ɦi] ⓘ), a part of Lumbini Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km2 (530 sq mi). The district headquarter is Bhairahawa. As per the national census 2021, the population of Rupandehi was 1,118,975.
Cao Qing
Cao Qing (Chinese: 曹清; born December 9, 1952) is a lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army of China. Since 2015 he has been a deputy commander of the Beijing Military Region. From 2007 to 2015 he served as director of the Chinese Communist Party's Central Security Bureau (CSB), in charge of the security of top Chinese leaders.

Cao was born in Pingshan County, Hebei. He once served as a bodyguard to Marshall Ye Jianying and took part in the coup which ousted the Gang of Four in 1976 after the death of Mao. He was named the executive deputy director of the CSB in 2006, then elevated to director in 2007. He was appointed deputy commander of the Beijing Military Region in March 2015.

Cao has been an alternate member of the 17th and the 18th Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party.

Pingshan County, Hebei
Pingshan County, Hebei (simplified Chinese: 平山县; traditional Chinese: 平山縣; pinyin: Píngshān Xiàn; lit. 'Flat Mountain') is a county of Hebei Province, North China, bordering Shanxi province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital.

The town of Xibaipo, where the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army during the decisive stages of the Chinese Civil War between May 26, 1948 and March 23, 1949 were located, is in this county.
Pucarani
Pucarani (from Aymara Pukarani) is a small town in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It is the seat of the Pucarani Municipality, the first municipal section of the Los Andes Province and of the province.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Kobyzhcha
Kobyzhcha (Ukrainian: Кобижча; Russian: Кобыжча) is a village in Nizhyn Raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. It belongs to Bobrovytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is located on the Trubizh River, a left tributary of the Dnipro.

Kobyzhcha was first founded in 1100. It is located near the Kobyzhcha railway station, the second railroad station in the entire district.

Until 18 July 2020, Kobyzhcha belonged to Bobrovytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Bobrovytsia Raion was merged into Nizhyn Raion.

Chernihiv Oblast
Chernihiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Чернігівська область, romanized: Chernihivska oblast), also referred to as Chernihivshchyna (Ukrainian: Чернігівщина), is an oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Chernihiv. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of 959,315 (2022 estimate).
Path graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a path graph (or linear graph) is a graph whose vertices can be listed in the order v1, v2, ..., vn such that the edges are {vi, vi+1} where i = 1, 2, ..., n − 1.  Equivalently, a path with at least two vertices is connected and has two terminal vertices (vertices of degree 1), while all others (if any) have degree 2.

Paths are often important in their role as subgraphs of other graphs, in which case they are called paths in that graph.  A path is a particularly simple example of a tree, and in fact the paths are exactly the trees in which no vertex has degree 3 or more. A disjoint union of paths is called a linear forest.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See, for example, Bondy and Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005).

Connectivity (graph theory)
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important measure of its resilience as a network.
European route E312
E 312 is a European B class road in the Netherlands, connecting the cities of Flushing (Vlissingen) and Eindhoven.

During its entire course, it follows highway 58 (A58) and is a motorway.

Road connections:
N98 (Highway 57 - Middelburg)
N99 (Highway 4 - Bergen op Zoom)
E19 (Highway 16 - Princenhage)
E311 (Highway 27 - Ginneken en Bavel)
N93 (Highway 65 - Tilburg)
E25 (Highway 2 - Best)
N94 (Highway 50 - Eindhoven)

Before the renumbering of the E-roads in the 1980s, the section between Breda and Eindhoven was known as E 38, while the section heading to Flushing was then part of National Road 97.

Best, Netherlands
Best (Dutch pronunciation: [bɛst] ⓘ) is a municipality and a village in the province of North Brabant, southern Netherlands. It is situated northwest of the city Eindhoven, and is part of Brabant's city region.

The headquarters of one of Europe's largest meat processors, Vion NV, are located in Best, as are Philips Healthcare and the Bata Corporation's "Bata Protective" operations (B2B).
E-Boks
E-Boks A/S is a Danish company that provides a secure digital postbox platform used for the distribution and storage of electronic documents. The service is widely used internationally by public authorities and private organisations in regulated industries, including postal operators, financial institutions, insurers, utilities, and telecommunications providers to send sensitive documents such as tax notices, payslips and bank statements to residents and businesses.

E-Boks was launched in 2001 and is headquartered in Denmark. Today, E-Boks' solutions are used by 30,000 organisations and more than 25 million users worldwide.

EIDAS
The eIDAS Regulation (for "electronic IDentification, Authentication and trust Services") is an EU regulation with the stated purpose of governing "electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions". It passed in 2014 and its provisions came into effect between 2016 and 2018.

The eIDAS Regulation was fundamentally amended by Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024. The main purpose of the amendment is to introduce a voluntary digital wallet (European Digital Identity) that member states must issue at the request of EU citizens.
Androstenol
Androstenol, also known as 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (shortened to 3α,5α-androstenol or 3α-androstenol), is a 16-androstene class steroidal pheromone and neurosteroid in humans and other mammals, notably pigs. It possesses a characteristic musk-like odor.

Androstenol, or a derivative, is found in black truffles. This was offered as an explanation for how pigs locate them deep in the ground: Androstenol is produced in the saliva of male pigs. However, experiments in France using pigs to scent truffles, truffle scent extract, and purified androstenol showed that pigs responded to the first two (actually trying to eat dirt containing the truffle extract), but ignored the androstenol.

A stereoisomer of androstenol, 3β-androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol), is also endogenous to humans (as well as to pigs), behaving as a pheromone and contributing to axillary odor.

Tuber melanosporum
Tuber melanosporum, commonly called black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle, is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe. It is one of the most expensive edible fungi in the world. In 2013, the truffle cost between 1,000 and 2,000 euros per kilogram.
Octet (Christensen)
Octet is a ballet made on New York City Ballet by Willam Christensen to Stravinsky's Octet for Wind Instruments (1922–23). The premiere took place December 2, 1958, at the City Center of Music and Drama.

Octet (Stravinsky)
The Octet for wind instruments is a chamber music composition by Igor Stravinsky, completed in 1923.

Stravinsky’s Octet is scored for an unusual combination of woodwind and brass instruments: flute, clarinet in B♭ and A, two bassoons, trumpet in C, trumpet in A, tenor trombone, and bass trombone. Because of its dry wind sonorities, divertimento character, and open and self-conscious adoption of "classical" forms of the German tradition (sonata, variation, fugue), as well as the fact that the composer published an article asserting his formalist ideas about it shortly after the Octet's first performance, it has been generally regarded as the beginning of neoclassicism in Stravinsky's music, even though his opera Mavra (1921–22) already displayed most of the traits associated with this phase of his career (Walsh 2001, §5).
Lepidium campestre
Lepidium campestre, the field pepperwort, field peppercress, field peppergrass, field pepperweed or field cress, is usually a biennial with some form of annual plant in the Brassicaceae or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed. The most notable characteristic of field pepperweed is the raceme of flowers which forks off of the stem.  These racemes are made up of first small white flowers and later green, flat and oval seedpods each about 6 mm long and 4 mm wide. Each seedpod contains two brown, 2.5 mm long seeds.

The stem of field pepperweed comes out of a basal rosette of toothed leaves. The stem is covered in leaves, which are sessile, alternate and arrow-shaped. The entire plant is generally between 20 and 60 cm tall and covered in small hairs.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Kihara Memorial Foundation Academic Award
The Kihara Memorial Foundation Academic Award (木原記念財団学術賞, Kihara Kinen Zaidan Gakujutsushō) is an award for biological sciences in Japan. It is awarded annually by the Kihara Memorial Yokohama Foundation for the Achievement of Life Sciences, to commemorate Hitoshi Kihara, Japan's pioneer geneticist.

Nagoya University
Nagoya University (名古屋大学, Nagoya daigaku), abbreviated to Meidai (名大) or NU, is a Japanese national research university located in Chikusa-ku, Nagoya.

It was established in 1939 as the last of the nine Imperial Universities in the then Empire of Japan, and is now a Designated National University.

The university is the birthplace of the Sakata School of physics and the Hirata School of chemistry. As of 2021, seven Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Nagoya University, the third most in Japan and Asia behind Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.
Mohan Mishra
Mohan Mishra (19 May 1937 - 6 May 2021) was an Indian physician, known for his studies on Visceral leishmaniasis, (Kala Azar) and its treatment using Amphotericin B, regarded by many as a pioneering attempt. The Government of India honoured him, in 2014, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of medicine.

The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication.

The journal publishes original research articles, review articles (divided into seminars and reviews), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. The Lancet has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing.
Cardassians (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode)
"Cardassians" is the 25th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. It is the fifth episode of the second season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near the planet Bajor, as the Bajorans recover from a brutal, decades-long occupation by the imperialistic Cardassians. In this episode, Cardassian ex-spy Garak and Dr. Julian Bashir investigate the identity of a Cardassian boy raised by Bajoran parents.

Julian Bashir
Julian Subatoi Bashir, MD is a fictional character from the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, portrayed by Alexander Siddig. Bashir is the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of space station Deep Space Nine and the USS Defiant.
Palazzo Giustinian Lolin
The Palazzo Giustinian Lolin is a Baroque style palace located on the Grand Canal of Venice, Italy. The present facade was designed circa 1630 by Baldassare Longhena.
It is used as an exhibition venue for the Venice Biennale.

Grand Canal (Venice)
The Grand Canal (Italian: Canal Grande [kaˌnal ˈɡrande], locally and informally Canalazzo; Venetian: Canal Grando, locally usually Canałaso [kanaˈɰaso]) is the largest channel in Venice, Italy, forming one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city.

One end of the canal leads into the lagoon near the Santa Lucia railway station and the other end leads into the basin at San Marco; in between, it makes a large reverse-S shape through the central districts (sestieri) of Venice. It is 3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) long, and 30 to 90 metres (98 to 295 ft) wide, with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet).