hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.

It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry.  The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum, when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields.

Some disciplines use the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/m) instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio.  The CODATA recommended value for an electron is ⁠Q/m⁠ = −1.75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1.

Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge. For example, some elementary particles, like the electron or quarks are charged. Some composite particles like protons are charged particles.  An ion, such as a molecule or atom with a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to protons are also charged particles.

A plasma is a collection of charged particles, atomic nuclei and separated electrons, but can also be a gas containing a significant proportion of charged particles.

Charged particles are labeled as either  positive (+) or negative (-). The designations are arbitrary. Nothing is inherent to a positively charged particle that makes it "positive", and the same goes for negatively charged particles.
Black Dress (painting)
Black Dress is a 1960 oil on canvas painting by Alex Katz (b. 1927) of his wife and frequent subject Ada Katz shown six times with the work employing cinematic effects. 
It also prominently features a repainting of a Katz portrait of the New York School poet James Schuyler in the work's backdrop.

Today the work is held in the permanent collection of the Museum Brandhorst in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The work was loaned to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City and exhibited there in Katz's 2022–2023 retrospective exhibition "Gathering" at the art venue.

James Schuyler
James Marcus Schuyler (November 9, 1923 – April 12, 1991) was an American poet.  His awards include the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his 1980 collection The Morning of the Poem. He was a central figure in the New York School and is often associated with fellow New York School poets John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, Kenneth Koch, and Barbara Guest.
Oscar Michelsen
Johan Oscar Michelsen (4 December 1844 – 12 August 1936) was a Norwegian missionary to the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu).

Michelsen emigrated from Norway to New Zealand, where he sold religious literature on the Otago goldfields. He applied to the Synod of Otago and Southland to become a missionary, and was appointed to the island of Tongoa in 1878. He served there until his retirement in 1933.

Michelsen had a little formal education and was known as a good speaker. J. Graham Miller calls him "one of the least educated but most gifted, versatile and warm-hearted" of the pioneer missionaries to Vanuatu.

Michelsen wrote Cannibals Won for Christ (1893) and Misi (1934).

Otago gold rush
The Otago gold rush (often called the Central Otago gold rush) was a gold rush that occurred during the 1860s in Central Otago, New Zealand. This was the country's biggest gold strike, and led to a rapid influx of foreign miners to the area – many of them veterans of other hunts for the precious metal in California and Victoria, Australia. The number of miners reached its maximum of 18,000 in February 1864.

The rush started at Gabriel's Gully but spread throughout much of Central Otago, leading to the rapid expansion and commercialisation of the new colonial settlement of Dunedin, which quickly grew to be New Zealand's largest city. Only a few years later, most of the smaller new settlements were deserted, and gold extraction became more long-term, industrialised-mechanical process.
2020 French Indoor Athletics Championships
The 2020 French Indoor Athletics Championships was the 49th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for France, organised by the French Athletics Federation. It was held on 29 February – 1 March at the Arena Stade Couvert de Liévin in Liévin. A total of 28 events (divided evenly between the sexes) were contested over the two-day competition. It was to serve as preparation for the 2020 World Athletics Indoor Championships, which was postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak in China before the French championships.

2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 20th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 21 to 23 March 2025 in Nanjing, People's Republic of China, at the newly built Nanjing's Cube gymnasium in the Nanjing Youth Olympic Sports Park.

Nanjing was originally due to host the World Athletics Indoor Championships in 2020, then in 2021, and then again in 2023, but all these dates were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic regulations in China. The 2022 edition took place in Belgrade, Serbia, and the 2024 edition in Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Charlie Knepper
Charles Knepper (February 18, 1871 – February 6, 1946) was an American professional baseball player who played as a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He threw and batted right-handed.

Knepper spent just one season in the majors, pitching for the 1899 Cleveland Spiders, a notoriously futile team that set a major league record by losing 134 games. Knepper was one of that team's primary starting pitchers, and he tied Jim Hughey for the team lead with four wins. He also ranked among the National League's leaders in several undesirable pitching categories, including home runs allowed (second, with 11), losses (fourth, with 22), earned runs allowed (seventh, with 141), and wild pitches (tenth, with eight).

Knepper was notoriously slow afoot. During a game on June 24, 1899, he hit a double, and the next day The Plain Dealer's game recap stated that "a hay wagon drawn by lame horses could have reached third, but Knepper is no hay wagon and had no lame horses to assist him".

The Plain Dealer
The Plain Dealer is the primary newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio. In the fall of 2019, it ranked 23rd in U.S. newspaper circulation, a significant drop since March 2013, when its circulation ranked 17th daily and 15th on Sunday.

As of May 2019, The Plain Dealer had 94,838 daily readers and 171,404 readers on Sunday. The Plain Dealer's media market, the Cleveland-Akron Designated Market Area, has a population of 3.8 million people making it the 19th-largest market in the United States.

As of 2023, Sunday print circulation had declined to 37,000 copies.

In August 2013, The Plain Dealer reduced home delivery to four days a week, including Sunday. A daily version of The Plain Dealer was available electronically as well as in print at stores, newsracks and newsstands.
Naeem Khan
Naeem Khan (born May 21, 1958) is an Indian-American fashion designer based in New York City known for his ornate and intricately detailed gowns, and for dressing First Lady Michelle Obama, Queen Noor of Jordan, and the Princess of Wales.

Queen Noor of Jordan
Noor Al Hussein (Arabic: نور الحسين; born Lisa Najeeb Halaby; August 23, 1951) is an American-born Jordanian philanthropist and activist who was the fourth wife and widow of King Hussein of Jordan. She was Queen of Jordan from their marriage on June 15, 1978, until Hussein's death on February 7, 1999.

Noor is the longest-standing member of the Board of Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons. As of 2023, she is president of the United World Colleges movement and an advocate of the anti-nuclear weapons proliferation campaign Global Zero. In 2015, Queen Noor received Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson Award for her public service.
Jack Kearns
Jack "Doc" Kearns (born John Patrick Leo McKernan; August 17, 1882 – July 7, 1963) was an American boxer and boxing manager. He was born on a farm in Waterloo, Michigan to Phillip H. McKernan and Frances M. Knauf (aka Hoff, later Quigley), daughter of German immigrant and Waterloo, Michigan, settler Peter Knauf. His father was the son of Irish immigrants Philip and Amelia "Ann" McKernan and is noted as being "among the early pioneers in the Northwestern Territories of Montana, Idaho and Washington."

Jack Dempsey vs. Georges Carpentier
Jack Dempsey vs. Georges Carpentier, billed as Fight of the Century, was a professional boxing match contested on July 2, 1921, for the undisputed heavyweight championship. It was the first sporting event to produce $1,000,000 in revenue, or a "million dollar gate" at a then record of $1,789,238.
Panhandle Trail
The Panhandle Trail is a rail trail in southern Pennsylvania and the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia. It occupies an abandoned Conrail railroad corridor that had been known as the Panhandle route which has been converted to a bicycle and walking trail. The line between Walkers Mill and Weirton was closed in 1995, and the tracks were removed the following year in 1996. The original section of the trail is the West Virginia section, where the trail was called the Harmon Creek Trail, for the adjacent Harmon Creek. When Pennsylvania built its section, both states agreed to call it the Panhandle Trail. Although the Panhandle Trail occupies 29 miles of the Panhandle Route, the remaining portion of the route is owned by the Pittsburgh and Ohio Central Railroad, but it is no longer used.

Pittsburgh and Ohio Central Railroad
The Pittsburgh and Ohio Central Railroad (reporting mark POHC) is a short-line railroad operating 37 miles (60 km) of track over the Chartiers Branch in southwest Pennsylvania. It also operated a small portion of the former Conrail Panhandle Route between Carnegie and Walkers Mill. This line, however, has not been used since 2014. It is owned by the Ohio Central Railroad System, which is a division of the rail holding company Genesee & Wyoming.

The P&OHC was formed after the purchase by Genesse & Wyoming of the former Pittsburgh Industrial Railroad from RailAmerica in 2000.  The line has track extending from its office in the McKees Rocks north to Neville Island and south to Arden in South Strabane Township, with a spur from Carnegie to Rennerdale. Major commodities hauled include chemicals, minerals, plastics, and steel.
Taksaris of Sikkim
Taksaris of Sikkim (also known as Taksari Newars) were owners of minting houses, traders, landed class and their families in the former Kingdom of Sikkim. There were six families – mostly Newars – minting coins for the erstwhile Himalayan kingdom. In the period of British influence, Chogyal of Sikkim gave these families large land estates as Thikadars, a system of hereditary leesee  landlords with judicial and administrative power over their respective estates.

Chogyal
The Chogyal ("Dharma Kings", Tibetan: ཆོས་རྒྱལ, Wylie: chos rgyal) were the monarchs of the former Kingdom of Sikkim, which belonged to the Namgyal dynasty (Tibetan: རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྒྱལ་རབས།, Wylie: Rnam Rgyal Rgyal Rabs). The Chogyal was the absolute monarch of Sikkim from 1642 to 1973, and the constitutional monarch from 1973 to 1975, when the monarchy was abolished and the Sikkimese people voted in a referendum to make Sikkim the 22nd state of India.
Llueve el Amor
"Llueve el amor" (English: "It Rains Love") is a song by Puerto Rican singer and songwriter Tito El Bambino. It was released as the first single on November 26, 2010, from the album, El Patrón: Invencible (2011). The banda version of the song is also in his album which features Banda el Recodo. The theme was used for the opening sequence of the telenovela Eva Luna.

Tito el Bambino
Efraín David Fines Nevares (born October 5, 1981), known professionally as Tito El Bambino, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter who rose to fame as part of the duo Héctor & Tito. In 2010, his song "El Amor", written with Joan Ortiz Espada, was awarded Latin Song of the Year by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). He was awarded Songwriter of the Year at the 2011 ASCAP.
Ramaz Shengelia Stadium
Ramaz Shengelia Stadium (Georgian: რამაზ შენგელიას სტადიონი) is a multi-use stadium in Kutaisi, Georgia used mostly for football matches. Being the home stadium of FC Torpedo Kutaisi, it was built in 1950 and further expanded in 1962. In 2010, when Torpedo returned to Umaglesi Liga, the arena underwent redevelopments. The stadium is able to hold 12,000 people.

It was initially named after Givi Kiladze, however in 2016 it was renamed after Ramaz Shengelia, a former Soviet / Georgian football player who was born in Kutaisi and started his career at Torpedo.

The Stadium was extensively rebuilt in 2023, prior to being a venue for the UEFA Under 21 European Championship. According to government officials, it cost 35 million GEL, equal to 12,250,000 €. Shengelia Stadium hosted 3 Group Stage matches, and a quarter-final match. Previously, the Georgia national team held a friendly match against Belarus here. The venue has also been used for the national cup final and the Super Cup final.

Georgian Super Cup
The Georgian Super Cup is a super cup tournament in Georgian football. Founded in 1996 as a two-team competition, the current version has been contested since 2023 by four teams, those being the first, second, and third placed teams in the Erovnuli Liga, as well as the winners of the Georgian Cup.

Formerly, the tournament used to be a single football match solely played between the champions of the Erovnuli Liga and the winners of the Georgian Cup. When a club had won both competitions, the Georgian Cup losing finalists play for the Super Cup. This occurred in 1996, 1997, 2013 and 2014 when Dinamo Tbilisi won the double on all four occasions.

In 2023, the format of Super Cup changed to be contested between four teams. The three teams that qualified for the Champions League and Europa Conference League from the Erovnuli Liga and the winners of the Georgian Cup play one-legged semi-finals, and a final. The losers of each semi-final play a third place play-off.
Ron Skarin
Ron Skarin (born November 9, 1951) is an American former cyclist. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and 1976 Summer Olympics.

Skarin won ten national titles, including the Team Pursuit 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977, Individual Pursuit 1975, Ten mile 1976, Points Race 1978 and Madis in 1981. He was Gold Medalist in the team pursuit at the Pan American Games in Mexico City in 1975. He broke the men's hour record in May 1979 at Ontario Motor Speedway, completing 51.310 km in one hour.

Skarin was director of the U.S. Cycling Federation in 1979-80.

USA Cycling
USA Cycling or USAC, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is the national governing body for bicycle racing in the United States. It covers the disciplines of road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and BMX across all ages and ability levels. In 2015, USAC had a membership of 61,631 individual members.

USA Cycling is associated with the UCI or, Union Cycliste Internationale, which governs international cycling, and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC). The organization is also a member of the continental body Confederacion Panamericana de Ciclismo (COPACI). USA Cycling also organizes the USA Cycling Pro Road Tour, the top road cycling series for men and women in the United States.
Frederick College
Frederick College was a former four-year private co-educational college from 1958 to 1968 in Portsmouth, Virginia.

The college was created in through a grant from the Fred W. Beazley Foundation (now the Beazley Foundation).  It originally opened in 1958 as a two-year school on the grounds of a former munitions depot before becoming a four-year school in 1961.  The school closed in 1968 and the land was given to the Virginia Community College System to form Tidewater Community College.

Virginia Community College System
The Virginia Community College System (VCCS) oversees a network of 23 community colleges in Virginia, which serve residents of Virginia and provide two-year degrees and various specialty training and certifications. In 2006, the Virginia Community College System's annual enrollment rate topped 233,000 students. The VCCS also had an additional 170,000 students in workforce development services and noncredit courses.

In March 2022, the system hired Russell Kavalhuna as its next chancellor.

In June 2022, the board announced that Kavalhuna was no longer taking the job and the system was restarting the search for a new chancellor. Sharon Morrissey, previously the system's  vice chancellor for academic and workforce programs, was appointed interim chancellor.

On January 4, 2023, Virginia's Community Colleges announced that David Doré would be the next chancellor of the system. He began his role on April 1, 2023.
2016 FIBA U20 Women's European Championship Division B
The 2016 FIBA U20 Women's European Championship Division B was the 12th edition of the Division B of the Women's European basketball championship for national under-20 teams. It was held in Podgorica, Montenegro, from the 9th to the 17th of July 2016. Slovenia women's national under-20 basketball team won the tournament.

2015 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women
The 2015 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women was the 14th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women. 16 teams participated in the competition, played in Tinajo and Teguise, Spain, from 2 to 12 July 2015.
Terron Beckham
Terron Beckham (born July 28, 1992) is an American content creator, Twitch streamer, YouTuber, fitness model, and professional wrestler. He played college football at Stevenson University. He is the cousin of NFL star wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr.

Tyler Junior College
Tyler Junior College (TJC) is a public community college in Tyler, Texas. It is one of the largest community colleges in the state, with an enrollment of more than 12,000 credit students and an additional 20,000 continuing education enrollments annually. Its West campus includes continuing education and workforce training programs and TJC North in Lindale, Texas offers general education classes, nursing programs, and the veterinary technician associate of applied science. The college also operates locations in Jacksonville and Rusk. TJC offers Associate of Science, Associate of Applied Science and Associate of Arts, specialized  baccalaureate degrees, and certificate programs.
Luis Brezzo
Luis Brezzo Paredes(March 30, 1939 – September 20, 2002) was a Uruguayan politician belonging to the Colorado party. He was born in Montevideo, Uruguay on March 20, 1939, and studied engineering. He was employed in the banking sector, worked as a journalist, and was director of the Uruguay Association of Bank Employees (AEBU).

In 1994 and 1999 he was elected to the Senate of Uruguay. In 2000 president Jorge Batlle named him Minister of National Defense, where he served until his death on September 20, 2002.

Senate of Uruguay
The Chamber of Senators of Uruguay (Cámara de Senadores de Uruguay), or Senate, is the upper house of the General Assembly of Uruguay (Asamblea General de Uruguay). It has 30 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation; the vice-president presides over the chamber's sessions.

The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article Ninety-eight of the Uruguayan Constitution. It also requires that the senators must be at least 30 years old and have been Uruguayan citizens for seven years. In addition to the functions that it performs jointly with the House of Representatives through the General Assembly, it alone holds public trials of those impeached by the House of Representatives or the Departamental Board. If convicted by 2/3 of the Senators, they may (only) remove them from office.
Indiscretions of Archie
Indiscretions of Archie is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 14 February 1921 by Herbert Jenkins, London, and in the United States on 15 July 1921 by George H. Doran, New York.

The book was adapted from a series of short stories, originally serialised in the Strand in the United Kingdom between March 1920 and February 1921, and, all except one, in Cosmopolitan in the United States between May 1920 and February 1921. The stories were rewritten and reorganised to create a more flowing novel form.

The novel tells the story of impoverished, embarrassment-prone Archibald "Archie" Moffam (pronounced "Moom") and his difficult relationship with his art-collecting, hotel-owning, millionaire father-in-law Daniel Brewster, who is the father of Archie's new bride Lucille. Archie's attempts to ingratiate himself with Brewster only get him further into trouble. The story takes place in New York City.

The Strand Magazine
The Strand Magazine was a monthly British magazine founded by George Newnes, composed of short fiction and general interest articles. It was published in the United Kingdom from January 1891 to March 1950, running to 711 issues, though the first issue was on sale well before Christmas 1890.
Its immediate popularity is evidenced by an initial sale of nearly 300,000. Sales increased in the early months, before settling down to a circulation of almost 500,000 copies a month, which lasted well into the 1930s.

It was edited by Herbert Greenhough Smith from 1891 to 1930. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes became widespread after first appearing in the magazine in 1891. The magazine's original offices were on Burleigh Street off The Strand, London. It was revived in 1998 as a quarterly magazine.
Świętego Floriana Street
Świętego Floriana Street is located in the downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Despite its short length of roughly 200 metres (660 ft), it features many notable buildings in a variety of architectural styles, including Eclectic, Art Nouveau and early modernist. The street is named after Saint Florian.

Saint Florian
Florian (Latin: Florianus; AD 250 – c. 304) was a Christian holy man and the patron saint of chimney sweeps, soapmakers, and firefighters. His feast day is 4 May. Florian is also the patron saint of Poland; the city of Linz, Austria; and Upper Austria, jointly with Leopold III, Margrave of Austria.
Solodcha
Solodcha (Russian: Солодча) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Alexandrovskoye Rural Settlement, Ilovlinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 24 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Ilovlinsky District
Ilovlinsky District (Russian: Иловли́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Ilovlinsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,155 square kilometers (1,604 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Ilovlya. Population: 33,168 (2010 Census); 34,358 (2002 Census); 31,678 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ilovlya accounts for 33.9% of the district's total population.