hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Sinks
Peter Sinks is a natural sinkhole in northern Utah that is one of the coldest places in the contiguous United States.

Peter Sinks is located 8,100 feet (2,500 m) above sea level, in the Bear River Mountains about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Logan, within the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. Due to temperature inversions that trap cold nighttime air, it routinely produces the lowest temperatures in the contiguous United States. Even in the summer, the bottom of the sinkhole rarely goes four consecutive days without freezing. It is so cold near the bottom of the hole that trees are unable to grow.

Inversion (meteorology)
In meteorology, an inversion (or temperature inversion) is a phenomenon in which a layer of warmer air overlies cooler air. Normally, air temperature gradually decreases as altitude increases, but this relationship is reversed in an inversion.

An inversion traps air pollution, such as smog, near the ground. An inversion can also suppress convection by acting as a "cap". If this cap is broken for any of several reasons, convection of any humidity can then erupt into violent thunderstorms. Temperature inversion can cause freezing rain in cold climates.
Economic unit
In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by three basic economic units: the firm, the household, and the government.

Firms
Firms make production decisions. These include what goods to produce, how these goods are to be produced and what prices to charge.  They employ the various factors of production and they sell the finished goods to the households for consumption and to the government.

Households
Households make consumption decisions and own factors of production. They provide firms with factor services in production, and buy finished goods from firms for consumption.

Government
The government collects taxes from households, buys goods from firms, and distributes those goods to households individually or collectively. It also redistributes purchasing power between households.

Product (business)
In marketing and economics, a product is any object, service, or system offered to a market to satisfy a customer’s need or want. Products may be tangible, such as physical goods that can be touched and owned, or intangible, such as services, digital offerings, or rights that provide value without physical form. Products are created through processes of design, production, and distribution, and they play a central role in commercial exchange, consumer behavior, and organizational strategy.

Beyond marketing, the term product is also used in fields such as manufacturing, where it refers to finished goods derived from raw materials, and project management, where it denotes deliverables produced to achieve defined objectives. Because products directly affect consumer safety, economic activity, and environmental sustainability, they are often subject to regulation, classification systems, and information-disclosure requirements across different jurisdictions.
Nivia Palma
Nivia Palma Manríquez (born 18 December 1959) is a Chilean politician and lawyer who served as minister of national assets. She is known for having a critical opinion to the Concertación, a centre-leftist coalition which governed during 20 years.

Palma worked as a lawyer specializing in labor law, being a trade union advisor and CEO of the non-governmental organization OFASAN (North Zone Trade Union Advisory Office). She has also been a professor in the PgD of Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in Cultural Administration, and she also taught in the University of Chile, specifically in its master's degree in cultural management.

In 2021, Palma worked as Paula Narváez's chief of campaign in the 2021 presidential primaries, in which she lost against the christian-democrat Yasna Provoste.

Postgraduate diploma
A postgraduate diploma (PgD, PgDip, PGDip, PG Dip., PGD, Dipl. PGD) is a postgraduate qualification at the level of a master's degree, awarded after a university degree, which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma. The minimum requirement of completing a bachelor's degree is necessary to start the postgraduate course. The duration of a postgraduate course can vary from 1 year to 2 years.

Countries that award postgraduate diplomas include but are not limited to Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. Level of education and recognition differ per issuing country.
Atacama nivea
Atacama nivea is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, and the sole species in genus Atacama. It is a subshrub native to the Andes of northern Chile, where it grows in subalpine habitats.

It was first described as Sisymbrium niveum by Rodolfo Amando Philippi in 1860. In 2014 Oscar Toro-Núñez, Mark E. Mort, and Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz placed it in the new monotypic genus Atacama.

Rodolfo Amando Philippi
Rodolfo Amando (or Rudolph Amandus) Philippi (14 September 1808 – 23 July 1904) was a German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist. Philippi contributed primarily to malacology and paleontology, but also published a major work on Diptera of Chile. His grandson, Rodulfo Amando Philippi Bañados (1905-1969), was also a zoologist and in order to avoid confusion in zoological nomenclature, the elder is referred to as "Philippi [Krumwiede]" to distinguish him from his grandson "Philippi [Bañados]".
K. S. Radhakrishnan
Dr. K. S. Radhakrishnan is an Indian scholar, writer, philosopher, and politician. He is currently the state vice-president of the Bharatiya Janatha Party (BJP) in Kerala. In March 2024, he was announced as the BJP candidate from the  Ernakulam Constituency for the  2024 Lok Sabha Elections.

Radhakrishnan formerly served as the Chairman of the Kerala Public Service Commission. Prior to that, he was the Vice Chancellor of Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady from 2004 to 2008.

Kerala Public Service Commission
The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) is a government body in the state of Kerala, India, responsible for recruiting candidates for various state government jobs through competitive examinations. It was established in 1956 under the provisions of the Constitution of India. The commission is headquartered at Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram, and has three regional offices and 14 district offices.
Fayzabad District, Jowzjan
Fayzabad (Persian: فیض‌آباد) is a district situated in the eastern part of Jowzjan province, Afghanistan. It borders Aqcha District to the west, Mardyan District to the north, Balkh Province to the east and Sar-e Pol Province to the south. The population is 56,000 (2011). The district center is the village of Fayzabad. It is situated in the northern part of the district, a few miles north of the main Sheberghan - Mazari Sharif road.

Sar-e-Pol Province
Sar-e-Pol (Pashto, Dari: سر پل; lit. 'bridge head'), also spelled Sari Pul, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the north of the country. It borders Ghor and Bamyan to the south, Samangan to the east, Balkh and Jowzjan to the north, and Faryab to the west. The province is divided into 7 districts and contains 896 villages. It has a population of about 632,000, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a tribal society. The province was created in 1988 with the support of northern Afghan politician Sayed Nasim Mihanparast. The city of Sar-e-Pol serves as the provincial capital.
John Whetham
Christianity portal

John Whetham (1733/4–1796), DD, a graduate of Exeter College, Oxford was Dean of Lismore  from 1791 until 1796: he was also Archdeacon of Cork from 1793 and died  at Clifton, Bristol on 1 May 1796.

Clifton, Bristol
Clifton is an inner suburb of Bristol, England, and the name of one of the city's thirty-five electoral wards. The Clifton ward also includes the areas of Cliftonwood and Hotwells. The eastern part of the suburb lies within the ward of Clifton Down.

Clifton is home to Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge; many buildings of the University of Bristol, including Goldney Hall; the Roman Catholic Clifton Cathedral; Christ Church, Clifton Down; Clifton College; Clifton High School; the former Amberley House preparatory school; Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School and The Clifton Club. It is also noted for the Downs, a large, open park.
Lucy Walter
Lucy Walter (c. 1630 – 1658), also known as Lucy Barlow, was the first mistress of King Charles II of England and mother of James, Duke of Monmouth. During the Exclusion Crisis, a Protestant faction wanted to make her son heir to the throne, fuelled by the rumour that the king might have married Lucy, a claim which he denied.

Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
Portrait of Count Arese in Prison
Portrait of Count Arese in Prison (Italian: Ritratto del Conte Arese in carcere) is an 1828 portrait painting by the Italian artist Francesco Hayez. It depicts the aristocrat and supporter of Italian unification Francesco Teodoro Arese Lucini, who had been imprisoned by the Austrian authorities for three years in Špilberk Castle for his role in the 1821 Milan uprising.

The work was commissioned by Arese, who wanted to be depicted unconventionally as a victim of the Italian national cause by being portrayed in a bare prison cell with chains around his ankles. Since 2023 the painting has been in the collection of the Gallery of Modern Art in Florence.

Prison cell
A prison cell (also known as a jail cell) is a small room in a prison or police station where a prisoner is held. Cells greatly vary by their furnishings, hygienic services, and cleanliness, both across countries and based on the level of punishment to which the prisoner being held has been sentenced. Cells can be occupied by one or multiple prisoners depending on factors that include, but are not limited to, inmate population, facility size, resources, or inmate behavior.
Jane Irish
Jane Irish (born 1955, Pittsfield, Massachusetts) is an American artist, painter, and ceramicist who lives and works in Philadelphia.  Working primarily in gouache and egg tempera her paintings are characterized by their perspectives of Rococo interiors and explorations of the legacy of the Vietnam War. Irish infuses sumptuous interiors with memories of colonialism and orientalism, sometimes making raised text within her painting surfaces, which feature war poetry or historical protest text. The text on the surface of her ceramics includes collaborations with prominent art critics like Vincent Katz and Carter Ratcliff and poetry from Vietnam war veterans from a 1972 collection.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Bahmanyar-e Gharbi
Bahmanyar-e Gharbi (Persian: بهمنيارغربي, also Romanized as Bahmanyār-e Gharbī; also known as Bahman Yāri, Bahmanyārī-ye Gharbī, Bahmanyārī-ye Pā’īn, Bahmiyari Gharbi, and Behyārī-ye Gharbī) is a village in Hayat Davud Rural District, in the Central District of Ganaveh County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 22 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
David Newbold
David Newbold is a comic book artist. Newbold's first work was in 2004, where he inked an issue of Marvel Comics's series Marvel Age Fantastic Four.

Newbold later became publicly known for his brief tenure on the Marvel Comics' award-winning series, Runaways along with writer Brian K. Vaughan and artist Adrian Alphona. Newbold also inked the Weapon X series.
Newbold was born in Leesburg, Virginia in 1976, and was raised in Morgantown, West Virginia, graduating from Morgantown High School in 1994. He attended West Virginia University, and then enrolled in Joe Kubert's Art School in Dover, New Jersey, graduating in 2000.

Marvel Adventures
Marvel Adventures, formerly Marvel Age, was an imprint of Marvel Comics intended for younger audiences, including small children. Unlike the standard comics published by Marvel, which often take place in story arcs spanning several issues, each Marvel Adventures comic tells a standalone story. In April 2012 it was replaced by the all new All Ages line tied to the Marvel Universe block on Disney XD.
Let Them Have Their Fun
Let Them Have Their Fun is the fourth full-length release by Canadian rock band Alert the Medic. The album was produced and mixed by Mike Turner (musician), engineered by Phil Hotz with additional engineering by Turner. Let Them Have Their Fun was recorded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada at Revolution Recording with additional tracking done at The Pocket Studios in February 2017 and was mastered by Harry Hess at H-Bomb Mastering in Toronto. It was released through Fontana North and Cadence Music Group on September 8, 2017.

The lead-off single Corporate Kid peaked at No. 17 on the Canadian Active Rock charts

Fontana North
Fontana North is a Canadian record distribution company and represents the Canadian wing of Fontana Distribution. It is a joint venture between Canadian-based Cadence Music Group and US-based Fontana Distribution. The company was established by MapleCore in 2004 as MapleNationwide, and in 2006, it partnered with Fontana Distribution and was rebranded as Fontana North. It has expanded throughout Canada for pan-Canadian distribution of many music labels. On August 22, 2013, it was announced that they would be teaming up with Distort Entertainment in a joint venture deal with Fontana North acting as the main distributor of the hardcore label.

Fontana North won the Independent Distributor of the Year award six years in a row (2008 - 2013) at the Canadian Music Industry Awards, held annually in Toronto as part of Canadian Music Week.
Drona (2008 film)
Drona is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language superhero film directed by Goldie Behl, starring Abhishek Bachchan, Priyanka Chopra, Kay Kay Menon and Jaya Bachchan. Drona's special effects shots were worked on by EyeQube, headed by Charles Darby and David Bush. The movie features Indian martial arts such as Kalaripayattu, Chhau, Gatka, and sword fighting. It was filmed in Prague, Bikaner, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Namibia.

Made on a budget of ₹45 crore, the film earned less than ₹15 crore and was a disaster at the box office.

Superhero film
The superhero film is a film genre categorized by the presence of superhero characters, individuals with extraordinary abilities who are dedicated to fighting crime, saving the world, or helping the innocent. It is sometimes considered a sub-genre of the action film genre and has evolved into one of the most financially successful film genres worldwide. These films focus on superhuman abilities, advanced technology, mystical phenomena, or exceptional physical and mental skills that enable these heroes to fight for the common good or defeat a supervillain antagonist.

Superhero films typically include genre elements of romance, comedy, fantasy, and science fiction, with large instances of the superhero genre predominantly occupied and produced by American media franchises DC and Marvel, originally adaptations of their existing works of superhero comic books. Individual superhero films frequently contain a character's origin story.
Albanian Committee of Janina
The Albanian Committee of Janina (Albanian: Komiteti Shqiptar i Janinës, Greek: Η Αλβανική Επιτροπή Ιωαννίνων), was an Albanian organization of the 19th century with the aim of defending Albanian rights.

The Albanian Committee of Janina was formed in May 1877 in Janina then a city of the Ottoman Empire in the Vilayet of Janina, by prominent Muslim Albanian personalities of the Vilayet and central figures of the Albanian National Awakening. Abdyl Frashëri from Përmet, Abedin Dino from Preveza, Mehmet Ali Vrioni from Berat, Vesel Dino from Preveza, and other notable members of the Vilayet's Albanian community.

As no political decisions, documents or an official seal were issued, the group was not an organized committee functioning as a political organization, but a group of Tosk Albanians interested in the Albanian national movement having similar ideas about the future of Albanians.

Preveza
Preveza (Greek: Πρέβεζα, pronounced [ˈpreveza]) is a city in the region of Epirus, northwestern Greece, located on the northern peninsula of the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. It is the capital of the regional unit of Preveza, which comprises the southern part of Epirus. Preveza is connected to Aktio in Central Greece by the Aktio-Preveza Immersed Tunnel, the only undersea tunnel in Greece. The ruins of the ancient city of Nicopolis lie 7 kilometres (4 miles) north of Preveza.
Glan-y-wern
Glan-y-wern is a hamlet in the  community of Borth, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 78.2 miles (125.9 km) from Cardiff and 179.6 miles (289 km) from London. Glan-y-wern is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Borth
Borth (Welsh: Y Borth) is a village, seaside resort and community in Ceredigion, Mid Wales; it is located 7 miles (11 km) north of Aberystwyth, on the Ceredigion Coast Path. The community includes the settlement of Ynyslas and the population was 1,399 in 2011. Borth's sandy beach has helped to promote it as a seaside resort.

From being largely Welsh-speaking, the village has become anglicised; over 54 per cent of its residents were born in England. According to both the 1991 and 2001 censuses, 43 per cent of the residents of Borth were primarily Welsh-speakers.
Listed buildings in Hednesford
Hednesford is a town and a civil parish in the district of Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, England.  The parish contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The listed buildings consist of a farmhouse, a public house, a large house later used for other purposes, a war memorial, a church, and an associated shrine

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Rendsburg-Eckernförde (electoral district)
Rendsburg-Eckernförde is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the German Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 4. It is located in north central Schleswig-Holstein, comprising almost the entirety of the Rendsburg-Eckernförde district.

Rendsburg-Eckernförde was created for the 1976 federal election. From 2021 to 2025, it has been represented by Sönke Rix of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since 2025 it is been represented by Johann Wadephul of the CDU.

1976 West German federal election
A federal election was held in West Germany on 3 October 1976 to elect the members of the 8th Bundestag. Although the CDU/CSU alliance became the largest faction in parliament, Helmut Schmidt of the Social Democratic Party remained Chancellor.
54th Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 54th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. The regiment was attached to the 17th Infantry Brigade of the 17th Division and participated during the Second Sino-Japanese War as part of the Central China Expeditionary Army, before being assigned to the Thirteenth Army. The regiment fought in the later stages of World War II, assigned to the Japanese Eighth Area Army at Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands.

17th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 17th Division (第17師団, Dai-jūnana Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Moon Division (月兵団, Tsuki-heidan). The 17th Division was one of two infantry divisions raised by the Imperial Japanese Army immediately after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). The division received its colors on 13 November 1907. Its original headquarters was in a suburb of the city of Okayama, and its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the three prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, and Shimane. The first commander of the division was Lieutenant General Ichinohe Hyoe.