hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
KWL table
A KWL table, or KWL chart, is a graphical organizer designed to help in learning. The letters KWL are an acronym, for what students, in the course of a lesson, already know, want to know, and ultimately learn. It is a part of the constructivist teaching method where students move away from what are considered traditional methods of teaching and learning. In this particular methodology the students are given the space to learn by constructing their own learning pace and their own style of understanding a given topic or idea. The KWL chart or table was developed within this methodology and is a form of instructional reading strategy that is used to guide students taking them through the idea and the text. A KWL table is typically divided into three columns titled Know, Want and Learned. The table comes in various forms as some have modified it to include or exclude information.

It may be useful in research projects and to organize information to help study for tests.

Constructivist teaching methods
Constructivist teaching  is based on constructivism. Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving information.
2011 Aircel Chennai Open
The 2011 Aircel Chennai Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the Chennai Open, and part of the 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the SDAT Tennis Stadium in Chennai, India, from 3 January through 9 January 2011. Third-seeded Stan Wawrinka won the singles title.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
UK Jewish Film Festival
The UK Jewish Film Festival is an annual film festival dedicated to world cinema that explores Jewish life, history and culture worldwide. It was founded in 1997 and takes place in November, in London and in other cities in the United Kingdom.

The festival is part of UK Jewish Film, which also runs film education programmes for young people exploring racism, antisemitism, Jewish identity and interfaith themes; provides training and networking opportunities for new and emerging filmmakers through its Film Lab programme; commissions seven short films each year through its Pears Short Film Fund at UK Jewish Film and Dangoor UKJF Short Doc Fund. In 2025, it launched its Changing Perspectives Film Fund.

Jack Rosenthal
Jack Morris Rosenthal CBE (8 September 1931 – 29 May 2004) was an English playwright. He wrote 129 early episodes of the ITV soap opera Coronation Street and over 150 screenplays, including original television plays, feature films, and adaptations.
Masino Intaray
Masino Intaray was a Filipino poet, bard artist, and musician who was a Palawan native known for his performance of the local traditions of basal, kulilal and bagit. He was also a recipient of the "Tinapa Hoy Maerich Dine" National Living Treasure recognition.

Intaray was born on April 10, 1943, in Makagwa Valley and lived in Brooke's Point, Palawan. He is known for playing multiple indigenous instruments namely the basal (gong), aroding (mouth harp), and the babarak (ring flute). Intaray is also known for his performance of kulilal or songs and bagit, a form of vocal music.

The Palawan native was married and had four children. Intaray died on November 30, 2013, due to complications from diabetes which included multiple bouts of stroke. He was aged 70.

Brooke's Point
Brooke's Point, officially the Municipality of Brooke's Point (Tagalog: Bayan ng Brooke's Point), is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 76,715 people.
Scotland men's national basketball team
The Scotland national basketball team represents Scotland in international basketball competition. It is organised by basketballscotland, the sport's governing body in Scotland, which merged with England and Wales to form the Great Britain national team. The Scotland national team used to compete in FIBA Europe's Division C. Scotland's direct affiliation to FIBA ended on 30 September 2016. To date, Scotland's main accomplishments were two qualifications to the EuroBasket, Europe's main basketball event. Further, the team won five bronze medals at the FIBA European Championship for Small Countries.

Basketball Wales
Basketball Wales (Welsh: Pêl-fasged Cymru) (founded in 1952 as the Basketball Association of Wales) is the sole controller and the national governing body of all aspects of the game of basketball in Wales. It is responsible for the management of the Basketball Wales National League, the national teams and for the organisation of all national and international basketball competitions held in Wales.

Basketball Wales is a national affiliated federation of FIBA Europe and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).
Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet
Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet (or Montgomerie, died 1694) was the tenth laird of Skelmorlie. He was a Scottish politician known for the Montgomery Plot, a Jacobite scheme to restore King James VII and II to the thrones of Scotland, England and Ireland.

Gilbert Burnet
Gilbert Burnet (18 September 1643 – 17 March 1715) was a Scottish philosopher and historian, and Bishop of Salisbury. He was fluent in Dutch, French, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Burnet was highly respected as a cleric, a preacher, an academic, a writer and a historian. He was always closely associated with the Whig party, and was one of the few close friends in whom King William III confided.
Remembrance (band)
Remembrance was a Christian metalcore band formed during the winter of 2003 in Lansing, Michigan.  They played shows with bands such as Underoath, Maylene & The Sons of Disaster, Advent, Saints Never Surrender, War of Ages, Common Yet Forbidden, No Innocent Victim, Aletheian, Spoken (band), Bloodlined Calligraphy, Dagon, and The Burial. Remembrance released two independent EPs before releasing their full-length label debut Beyond the Scope of Reason in May 2007 on Sancrosanct Records [sic].
They broke up in 2008. Matthew Weir moved on to play drums for Sleeping Giant and currently tours with Holy Name. Tony Padilla ran Sancrosanct Records, the label the band was signed to, until its closing.

War of Ages
War of Ages (sometimes abbreviated WoA; formerly known as Point Zero) is an American Christian metalcore band formed in Erie, Pennsylvania in 2002. It consists of vocalist Leroy Hamp, lead guitarist Steve Brown, rhythm guitarist Jack Daniels and bassist Elisha Mullins. The band is signed to Facedown Records and has released ten studio albums, with their most recent one, Dominion, being released in 2023.
Normalized solution (mathematics)
In mathematics, a normalized solution to an ordinary or partial differential equation is a solution with prescribed norm, that is, a solution which satisfies a condition like  In this article, the normalized solution is introduced by using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics and other various fields of physics, describing the evolution of complex wave functions. In Quantum Physics, normalization means that the total probability of finding a quantum particle anywhere in the universe is unity.

Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to more than one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random.
California Ballroom
The California Ballroom, nicknamed "Cali" and "Soul City", was a 2000-capacity music venue, being one of the United Kingdom's best-known soul music venues outside London. Located in Whipsnade Road, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, the venue was open from 1960 to 1979.

The opening act in 1960 was pop singer Russ Sainty.  Soul artists appearing included Stevie Wonder, Ike & Tina Turner, Roy Ayers, Brass Construction and Grover Washington, Jr. It also hosted rock acts including The Detours (later named The Who), The Rolling Stones, Cream, Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, The Clash and The Damned, Killing Floor, Ten Years After, Jethro Tull, Chicken Shack and The Herd.

Dunstable
Dunstable (/ˈdʌnstəbəl/ DUN-stə-bəl) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles (50 kilometres) north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fourth largest town in Bedfordshire and along with Houghton Regis forms the westernmost part of the Luton/Dunstable urban area.
Libythea lepita
Libythea lepita, the common beak, is a butterfly that belongs to the Libytheinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family. It is found from southern India to Japan and its larval food plants include members of the Cannabaceae, particularly in the genera Celtis and Trema.

Bombay Natural History Society
The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), founded on 15 September 1883, is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research. It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Many prominent naturalists, including the ornithologists Sálim Ali and S. Dillon Ripley, have been associated with it.
Tweety González
Fabián Andrés González Amado (born 1963), known by his stage name Tweety González, is an Argentine musician and record producer. He is mostly known for being the touring keyboardist for the rock band Soda Stereo and musician Fito Páez.

González is also a music producer and has worked with artists Shakira, Gustavo Cerati, Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas, Luis Alberto Spinetta, Superlitio, Famasloop and several others. Gustavo Cerati's 2006 Ahí vamos, in which Tweety played keyboards, won the Latin Grammy for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album.

7th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 7th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held for the first time in New York City, NY. The awards show was held at Madison Square Garden on Thursday, November 2, 2006. Shakira was the big winner winning Album of the Year, one of four awards that she won. She is the first female artist to win Record of the Year, Album of the Year, and Song of the Year.
1872 Waikato by-election
The 1872 Waikato by-election was a by-election held on 1 March 1872 in the Waikato electorate in the Waikato region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James McPherson on 20 December 1871.

The by-election was won by Major William Jackson. He was unopposed.

The election was delayed as the principal polling place was moved from Ngāruawāhia to Hamilton.

Ngāruawāhia
Ngāruawāhia (Māori pronunciation: [ŋaːɾʉaˈwaːhia] ⓘ) is a town in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Hamilton at the confluence of the Waikato and Waipā Rivers, adjacent to the Hakarimata Range. Ngāruawāhia is in the Hamilton Urban Area, the fourth largest urban area in New Zealand. The location was once considered as a potential capital of New Zealand.
Isakkinte Ithihasam
Isakkinte Ithihasam (English:The Epic of Isak) is a 2019 Comedy-Suspense-Drama Malayalam Film directed by R. K. Ajayakumar under the banner of Uma Maheshwara Creations Produced by Ayyappan R. It was written by Subash and R. K. Ajayakumar, with music by Gopi Sundar and cinematography by T. D. Sreenivas. It stars Siddique, who plays the title role of Isak and the story happens in the picturesque village of Thodupuzha. The film was released on 30 August 2019.

Thodupuzha
Thodupuzha ([kaʈ:ap:ɐna]) is a municipality and taluk in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. It is located 55 km (34.2 mi) west of the district headquarters in Painavu and about 195 km (121.2 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Thodupuzha has a population of 52,045 people, and a population density of 1,468/km2 (3,800/sq mi).

Thodupuzha is the largest town and main commercial centre in Idukki. It is bordered by the Kottayam district on the southern side and the Ernakulam District on the western side. It also acts as a gateway to various tourist spots in the High Range regions towards its east, including Munnar, Thekkady, and Peermade.
Like Clockwork
"Like Clockwork" is a single by The Boomtown Rats. It was the band's first to reach the Top Ten in the UK Singles Chart, peaking at No. 6.

Described as "simple, cool", in concerts supporting A Tonic for the Troops, the song's agitated, staccato bassline made it a common show opener.  The B-side, "How Do You Do?" was a fast-paced punk/new-wave song, in the mould of the band's earlier work. However, the Irish version of the single, released on Mulligan Records, substituted the B-side with "D.U.N L.A.O.G.H.A.I.R.E", a tongue in cheek samba, discussing the spelling of the band's home town, written Dún Laoghaire but pronounced Dunleary. The latter was later released in the UK as a free flexi disc, distributed by Flexipop in January 1981. "Like Clockwork" was the first song on air broadcast on RTÉ Radio 2, when the station began broadcasting on 31 May 1979, played by Larry Gogan.

Flexi disc
The flexi disc (also known as a phonosheet, Sonosheet or Soundsheet, a trademark) is a phonograph record made of a thin, flexible vinyl sheet with a molded-in spiral stylus groove, and is designed to be playable on a normal phonograph turntable.

Flexible records were commercially introduced as the Eva-tone Soundsheet in 1962. They were very popular among children and teenagers. They were mass-produced by the state publisher in the Soviet government.
Camden (surname)
Camden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony Camden (1938–2006), British oboist, son of Archie Camden

Archie Camden (1989–2014), British bassoonist

Johnson N. Camden (1828–1908), American politician

Johnson N. Camden Jr. (1865–1942), American politician

Lewis Camden (born 1953), Canadian politician from Quebec

Peter G. Camden (1801–1873), mayor of St. Louis, Missouri

Robert Camden Cope (1771–1818), British politician

William Camden (1551–1623), English antiquary and historian

William Camden
William Camden (2 May 1551 – 9 November 1623) was an English antiquarian, historian, topographer, and herald, best known as author of Britannia, the first chorographical survey of the islands of Great Britain and Ireland that relates landscape, geography, antiquarianism, and history, and the Annales, the first detailed historical account of the reign of Elizabeth I.
Manazary
Manazary is a commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Miarinarivo, which is a part of Itasy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 37,000 in a 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education is available in the town. The majority of the commune works in agriculture. The most harvested crop in the commune is rice, followed by cassava and tomatoes. Approximately 40% Of the population of the commune work in fishing, and the remaining 5% work in service industries.

Itasy Region
Itasy is a region in central Madagascar. It borders Analamanga region in northeast, 
Vakinankaratra in south and Bongolava in northwest. The capital of the region is Miarinarivo, and the population was 897,962 in 2018. It is the smallest of all the 22 regions in area with 6,993 km2 (2,700 sq mi), and is the most densely populated region after Analamanga.
Belinda Ang
Belinda Ang Saw Ean SC (born 24 April 1954) is a Singaporean judge of the Court of Appeal. Ang received her Bachelor of Laws from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1976 and her Master of Laws (with distinction) from the University College London. She was appointed Judicial Commissioner in February 2002, Judge of the Supreme Court in January 2003, Judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in January 2021, and Justice of the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court in November 2022. Prior to these appointments, she joined Godwin & Co in 1980 and was made junior partner in 1983. She founded Ang & Partners in 1985, and was appointed Senior Counsel in 1998. She is a member of the senate and executive committee of the Singapore Academy of Law, and is chairperson of the Singapore Mediation Centre.

Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across three academic faculties and 17 departments.

Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894, and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to become the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth University became independent again. The annual income of the institution for 2024–2025 was £124.8 million of which £19.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £130.3 million.
Arcetri Observatory
The Arcetri Observatory (Italian: Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri) is an astrophysical observatory located in the hilly area of Arcetri on the outskirts of Florence, Italy. It is located close to Villa Il Gioiello, the residence of Galileo Galilei from 1631 to 1642.

Observatory staff carry out theoretical and observational astronomy as well as designing and constructing astronomical instrumentation. The observatory has been heavily involved with the following instrumentation projects:

The MMT 6.5 m telescope

The LBT 2 × 8.4 m telescopes

The Telescopio Nazionale Galileo 3.5 m telescope

The VLT adaptive secondary mirror

The 1.5 m Gornergrat Infrared Telescope (TIRGO)

Galileo National Telescope
The Galileo National Telescope, (Italian: Telescopio Nazionale Galileo; TNG; code: Z19) is a 3.58-meter Italian telescope, located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, Spain. The TNG is operated by the "Fundación Galileo Galilei, Fundación Canaria", a non-profit institution, on behalf of the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF). The telescope saw first light in 1998 and is named after the Italian Renaissance astronomer Galileo Galilei.

Observations at the TNG can be proposed through the Italian Time Allocation Committee (TAC) which assigns, based on the scientific merit of the proposals, 75% of the available time. The rest of the time is at disposal of the Spanish and international astronomical communities. The TNG is open to new proposals two times a year, typically in March–April and September–October.
Benjamin West Birthplace
The Benjamin West Birthplace, also known as Benjamin West House, is a historic home located on the campus of Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.  It was the birthplace of artist Benjamin West (1738–1820), who was an influential mentor to a generation of American painters, including Gilbert Stuart and Charles Willson Peale.  His birthplace was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.  It presently houses the dispatch and offices for the college's campus police, along with a visitor information center.

Campus police
Campus police or university police in the United States and Canada are sworn police or peace officers employed by a college or university to protect the private or public property of the campus and surrounding areas and the people who live, work, and visit it. In instances where they are not technically police officers, they are often known as campus safety or campus security.
Leroni of Darkover
Leroni of Darkover is an anthology of fantasy and science fiction short stories edited by American writer Marion Zimmer Bradley. The stories are set in Bradley's world of Darkover. The book was first published by DAW Books (No. 865) in November 1991.

DAW Books
DAW Books is an American science fiction and fantasy publisher, founded by Donald A. Wollheim,  with his wife, Elsie B. Wollheim, following his departure from Ace Books in 1971. The company claims to be "the first publishing company ever devoted exclusively to science fiction and fantasy." The first DAW Book published was the 1972 short story collection Spell of the Witch World by Andre Norton.
Duclos
Duclos is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brigitte Duclos (born 1964), Australian television and radio presenter

Charles Pinot Duclos (1704–1772), a French author

Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle (born 1954), a former French professional road racing cyclist

Hervé Duclos-Lassalle (born 1979), a French professional road racing cyclist

Jacques Duclos (1896–1975), a French Communist politician

Jean-Yves Duclos (born 1965), a Canadian Liberal politician

Louis Duclos (born 1939), a Liberal party member of the Canadian House of Commons

Michelle Duclos (1939–2017), a Canadian television performer and supporter of the Front de Libération du Québec

Pierre Duclos, a French curler

Pierre-Ludovic Duclos (born 1986), a Canadian former professional tour tennis player

Samuel Cottereau du Clos (1598–1685), French chemist

Louis Duclos
Louis Duclos (born 2 August 1939 in Quebec City, Quebec) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was an administrator by career.

He represented the Montmorency electoral district since his victory there in the 1974 federal election. He was re-elected in 1979 and 1980, thus serving in the 30th, 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments

Duclos left national politics after his defeat in Montmorency—Orléans, in the 1984 federal election by Anne Blouin of the Progressive Conservative party.
A Toda Cuba le Gusta
A Toda Cuba le Gusta is the first studio album by the Afro-Cuban All Stars, produced by Cuban bandleader and musician Juan de Marcos González and Nick Gold, and released on April 9, 1997, on World Circuit Records.

This album was the first in a series of three consecutive recordings that took place in early 1996, the subsequent albums being Buena Vista Social Club and Introducing...Rubén González.

Nick Gold
Nick Gold is a British record producer, multi-instrumentalist and music executive. He is the former CEO of World Circuit Records and the organiser of Buena Vista Social Club, a Cuban musical ensemble which he established in 1996. Gold is a two time Grammy Award winner. In 2006, The New York Times described him as a "Musical Matchmaker".