hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hundred of English
The Hundred of English is a cadastral unit of hundred containing all or part of the localities of Brady Creek (also in Hundred of Apoinga), Robertstown (extends into both Hundreds of Apoinga and Bright), Rocky Plain, Geranium Plains (spans hundreds of Bright, Bundey and Bower), Ngapala, Point Pass, Australia Plains (also in Hundred of Bower) and Eudunda (mostly in Hundred of Neales). It is one of the 16 hundreds of the County of Eyre. It was named in 1866 by Governor of South Australia, Dominick Daly after T English MLC (1820–1884), a former mayor of Adelaide and current Member of the colony's Legislative Council at the time.

Local government came to the Hundred of English when the District Council of English was established on 31 October 1878, with boundaries the same as the hundred. The Hundred of English became the English and Point Pass wards of the District Council of Robertstown in 1932. It became part of the much larger Regional Council of Goyder in 1997.

Rocky Plain, South Australia
Rocky Plain is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name".

Rocky Plain School opened in 1923, and reached its highest number of students, 23, in 1934. Numbers subsequently declined, and the school closed on 13 March 1943, with the building later demolished.

Rocky Plain has been described as "only a district name", with the "only notable centre to mark the area" being the now-demolished former school.
Catral
Catral (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈtɾal]) is a town in the Valencian Community, Spain. Located in the south of the province of Alicante, in the region of Vega Baja del Segura. It had 8,105 inhabitants in 2007 according to the National Statistics Institute of Spain.

Province of Alicante
The Province of Alicante (/ˌælɪˈkænti/, also UK: /-teɪ/, US: /ˌælɪˈkɑːnti, ˌɑːl-/; (Spanish: Provincia de Alicante, pronounced [aliˈkante], Valencian: Província d'Alacant, pronounced [alaˈkant]) is a province located in eastern Spain, in the southern part of the Valencian Community. It is the 2nd most populated Valencian province, containing the second and third biggest cities in the Valencian Community—Alicante (also known in Valencian as Alacant) and Elche (Elx), respectively. With a population of 2,033,566, it is the 4th most populated Spanish province as well.

Alicante is bordered by the provinces of Murcia on the southwest, Albacete on the west, Valencia on the north, and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The province is named after its capital, the city of Alicante.
J.O. Michel Maisonneuve
Lieutenant-General J.O. Michel Maisonneuve, CMM, MSC, CD is a former Canadian Army officer who has served as the Assistant Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff of Canada and Chief of Staff of NATO's Allied Command Transformation in Norfolk. He is also the 30th recipient of the Vimy Award.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Phil Treloar
Phillip Maurice Treloar (born 7 December 1946, Sydney) is an Australian jazz drummer, percussionist and composer. In an extensive career devoted to creative pursuit Treloar has addressed himself to the problems of relationship found at the intersection of notated music-composition and improvisation. In 1987 Treloar coined the term, Collective Autonomy, to signify his endeavor in this field of work. Fundamental in this has been composition- and performance-development projects, with these at times involving electronic media. Collaborations have, and continue to be, crucial.

Bernie McGann
Bernard Francis McGann (22 June 1937 – 17 September 2013) was an Australian jazz alto saxophone player. He began his career in the late 1950s and remained active as a performer, composer and recording artist until near the end of his life. McGann won four ARIA Music Awards between 1993 and 2001.

McGann led the Bernie McGann Trio and Bernie McGann Quartet through his career. The most well-known lineup of the Trio was McGann (alto sax), John Pochee (drums), Lloyd Swanton (bass), with the addition of Warwick Alder (trumpet) in the quartet.
Grew Up a Screw Up
"Grew Up A Screw Up" is the second single from Ludacris' Release Therapy. The song features Young Jeezy and a sample of The Notorious B.I.G. who sings the hook "I grew up a fucking screw up."
In the video, Young Jeezy raps a verse different from the one which appeared on the Release Therapy album. The video premiered on BET's 106 & Park as a New Joint on Friday October 13, 2006. The video has already been released on MTV Jams.

106 & Park
106 & Park is  an American hip hop and R&B music video show, set up in a countdown format, that was broadcast on weekdays at 6:00 pm ET/5:00 pm CT on BET; it aired on a one-day delay on BET International. It was the network's highest-rated show throughout its run. On November 14, 2014, BET cancelled 106 & Park, with an alleged shift to a digital-only format, with occasional specials during network event programming, though the last time it was seen in any form was the 2016 BET Experience, and the digital-only program never aired.

Several outlets have reported that, in light of the show's 25th anniversary, a reboot will premiere by September 2025.
David Blackwood
David Lloyd Blackwood CM OOnt RCA (November 7, 1941 – July 2, 2022) was a Canadian artist known chiefly for his intaglio prints, often depicting dramatic historical scenes of Newfoundland outport life and industry, such as shipwrecks, seal hunting, iceberg encounters and resettlement. He also created paintings, drawings and woodcuts. His work is considered "unrepentantly nationalistic".

Newfoundland outport
An outport is the term given for a small coastal community in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Originally, the term was used for coastal communities on the island of Newfoundland, but the term has now been adopted for those on the mainland area of Labrador as well.
Recognized air picture
A recognized air picture or RAP is a (theoretically) complete listing of all aircraft in flight within a particular airspace, with each aircraft being identified as friendly or hostile, and ideally containing additional information such as type of aircraft, flight number, and flight plan. The information may be drawn from a number of different sources, including military radar, civilian air traffic controllers, and allied nations or multi-national organizations such as NATO.

For the United States and Canada, the Recognized Air Picture is maintained continuously by NORAD at Peterson Air Force Base (with Cheyenne Mountain Complex as a warm standby). In the United Kingdom, it is maintained by the United Kingdom Combined Air Operations Centre at RAF Air Command at RAF High Wycombe. For the rest of Europe, NATO has an Air Command and Control System program underway to unify the various systems in use by NATO members throughout Europe.

Air traffic controller
An air traffic controller (ATC) is a person responsible for the coordination of air traffic within controlled airspace. Typically they work in area control centers or control towers, where they monitor aircraft movements and maintain direct communication with the pilots.

The profession dates back to the early 20th century, evolving alongside advances in aviation and radar technology to meet the growing demands of air travel.

It is considered to be highly demanding and stressful, requiring continuous decision-making and adaptability, often under time pressure. Factors such as unfavorable work schedules, high responsibility and the reliability of equipment further influence workload and stress levels. Despite these challenges, the role offers competitive salaries and strong job security, which are often cited as key benefits.
Nong Chang Khuen
Nong Chang Khuen (Thai: หนองช้างคืน, pronounced [nɔ̌ːŋ t͡ɕʰáːŋ kʰɯ̄ːn]) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Lamphun District, in Lamphun Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 3925 people. The tambon contains six villages.

18°39′19″N 99°01′05″E﻿ / ﻿18.655276°N 99.017931°E﻿ / 18.655276; 99.017931

Lamphun province
Lamphun (Thai: ลำพูน, pronounced [lām.pʰūːn]; Northern Thai: ᩃᨻᩪᩁ, pronounced [lǎʔ pūːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), and lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Chiang Mai, Lampang, and Tak.
Colombuthurai
Colombuthurai (Tamil: கொழும்புத்துறை, romanized: Koḻumputtuṟai; Sinhala: කොලොම්තර Kolomtara) is a suburb of the city of Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka. Colombuthurai means "the port at the bending point" in Tamil and is derived from the Tamil words kolu (plough point) and thurai (port). The suburb is divided into two village officer divisions (Colombuthurai East and Colombuthurai West) whose combined population was 3,431 at the 2012 census.

Grama Niladhari
Grama Niladhari (English: village officer, Sinhala: ග්‍රාම නිලධාරී, romanized: grāma niladhārī, Tamil: கிராம உத்தியோகத்தர், romanized: Kirāma uttiyōkattar) is a Sri Lankan public official appointed by the central government by
the act No.2 of 1993. Grama Niladhari (GN) are entrusted with multifaceted duties and responsibilities under as 46 legislative enactments of Sri Lanka.
Kagayaki Taishi
Kagayaki Taishi (Japanese: 輝 大士; born 1 June 1994 as Ryōya Tatsu (達 綾哉, Tatsu Ryōya)) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler. He wrestles for Takadagawa stable and made his professional debut in May 2010. Kagayaki reached the top division for the first time in 2016. His highest rank is maegashira 3.

Kimarite
Kimarite (Japanese: 決まり手) is the technique used in sumo by a rikishi (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the gyōji (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision. The records of kimarite are then kept for statistical purposes.

The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) have officially recognized 82 such techniques since 2001, with five also recognized as winning non-techniques. However, only about a dozen of these are frequently and regularly used by rikishi.

A sumo match can still be won even without a kimarite, by the virtue of disqualification due to a kinjite (foul), such as striking with closed fist.
Onn
Onn is the Irish name of the seventeenth letter of the Ogham alphabet, ᚑ, meaning "ash-tree", which is related to Welsh onn(en), from the root was *ōs-, *osen 'ash'. Its phonetic value is [o].
The letter's Bríatharogam kennings are the following:

congnaid ech "wounder of horses"

féthem soíre "smoothest of craftsmanship"

lúth fían "[equipment] of warrior bands"

These refer to different uses of ashwood as horsewhips, wood used by carpenters, and for spears. In the Old Irish period, onn "ash" was replaced by uinnius. McManus takes this as an indication that the Ogham letter names date to the Primitive Irish period.

Fraxinus
Fraxinus (/ˈfræksɪnəs/), commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous (dropping their leaves in autumn), although some subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia, and North America.

The leaves are usually opposite, and mostly pinnately compound (divided into leaflets in a feather-like arrangement). The seeds, known as "keys", are botanically fruits of the type called samara. Some species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants.

Ash wood is strong and elastic, and used for the handles of tools. Musical instrument makers use it for electric guitars and for drum shells. The Morgan Motor Company makes the frames of sports cars from ash wood. In Greek mythology, the Meliae were the nymphs of ash trees.
The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts (JLA) is a quarterly, student-edited law review published at Columbia Law School. The Journal publishes articles and notes dedicated to in-depth coverage of current legal issues in the art, entertainment, sports, intellectual property, and communications industries. It features contributions by scholars, judges, practitioners, and students.

JLA is affiliated with the Kernochan Center for Law, Media, and the Arts and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Society at Columbia Law School. Its Board of Advisors currently includes Professor Shyamkrishna Balganesh, June M. Besek, Professor Jane C. Ginsburg,  Trey Hatch, Adria G. Kaplan, Philippa Loengard, and David Leichtman. Past members of the Board of Advisors include Gilbert S. Edelson and Morton L. Janklow.

John Marshall Kernochan
John Marshall Kernochan (August 3, 1919 – October 29, 2007) was a law professor, composer and music publisher who founded Columbia Law School's Kernochan Center for Law, Media and the Arts.  His pioneering work in intellectual property law helped spur stronger protections for artists.
Mako Guard District
The Mako Guard District (馬公警備府, Makō Keibifu) was the major navy base for the Imperial Japanese Navy in Taiwan before and during World War II. Located in Mako  23°35′24″N 119°34′05″E﻿ / ﻿23.590°N 119.568°E﻿ / 23.590; 119.568, (present-day Makung, Pescadores Islands, Republic of China), the Mako Guard District was responsible for control of the strategic Straits of Taiwan and for patrols along the Taiwan and China coastlines and in the South China Sea. It was disbanded in 1943, and reestablished as the Takao Guard District at Takao on the Taiwan main island.

Taiwan Strait
The Taiwan Strait (Chinese: 台湾海峡; Pinyin: Táiwān Hǎixiá) is a 180-kilometer-wide (110 mi; 97 nmi) strait separating the island of Taiwan and the Asian continent. The strait connects the South China Sea to the south, and the East China Sea to the north. The narrowest part is 126 km (78 mi; 68 nmi) wide.
Khukuri beer
Khukuri Beer is a lager beer with an alcohol strength of 4.7%. The beer was founded in 2003 in a partnership by J.W. Lees Brewery and Mr. Mahanta B. Shrestha a non residential Nepalese restaurateur in London who embarked on a project to deliver a  Nepalese beer in the UK. Since 2007, it is fully owned by Mr. Shrestha. The idea was initiated in order to supply a good demand for Asian beer to blend with south Asian and oriental cuisine.

J.W. Lees Brewery
J.W. Lees & Co (Brewers) Ltd is a brewery and pub company in Middleton, Greater Manchester, that has produced real ale since 1828. JW Lees is the oldest operating brewery in Manchester  The brewery owns and operates 150 pubs, inns and hotels mainly in North West England and North Wales. It also owns wine distributor Willoughby's.
Blackout challenge
The blackout challenge is an internet challenge based around the choking game, which deprives the brain of oxygen. It gained widespread attention on TikTok in 2021, primarily among children. It has been compared to other online challenges and hoaxes that have exclusively targeted a young audience. Some news reports and advocacy groups have linked the challenge to several fatalities.

Hoax
A hoax (pl.: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible.

Some hoaxers intend to eventually unmask their representations as having been a hoax so as to expose their victims as fools; seeking some form of profit, other hoaxers hope to maintain the hoax indefinitely, so that it is only when skeptical people willing to investigate their claims publish their findings, that the hoaxers are finally revealed as such.
The Natural History of Parking Lots
The Natural History of Parking Lots is a 1990 American independent film written and directed by Everett Lewis. It tells the story of two estranged brothers who seek to reconcile their relationship against a background of criminal activity and violence. The film is Lewis' feature film debut.

Everett Lewis
Everett Lewis is an American independent filmmaker whose directorial credits include: The Natural History of Parking Lots (Sundance 1990), An Ambush of Ghosts (Sundance 1992), Skin & Bone (Toronto 1994), Luster (Outfest 2000), FAQs (Philadelphia 2002), Lucky Bastard (Outfest 2008), The Pretty Boys (2011), Somefarwhere (2011, premiered at the Paris Gay and Lesbian Film Festival Cheries Cherie), and Territory (2016).

Lewis earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from North Carolina State University and a Master of Fine Arts from the University of Southern California. He has served on the faculty or as a guest lecturer of a number of colleges and universities, including the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, Chapman College and Long Beach City College.
U Sports curling championships
The U Sports Curling Championships is a Canadian university curling tournament conducted by U Sports, to determine a national champion. The tournament involves the champions from each of Canada's four regional sports conferences. The event is sanctioned and held in association with Curling Canada.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Manually coded English
Manually Coded English (MCE) is an umbrella term referring to a number of invented manual codes intended to visually represent the exact grammar and morphology of spoken English. Different codes of MCE vary in the levels of adherence to spoken English grammar, morphology, and syntax. MCE is typically used in conjunction with direct spoken English.

Manual communication
Manual communication systems use articulation of the hands (hand signs, gestures, etc.) to mediate a message between persons. Being expressed manually, they are received visually and sometimes tactually. When it is the primary form of communication, it may be enhanced by body language and facial expressions.

Manual communication is employed in sign languages and manually coded languages, though sign languages also possess non-manual elements. Other systems of manual communication have been developed for specific purposes, typically in situations where speech is not practical (such as loud environments) or permitted, or where secrecy is desired.
Tremadog
Tremadog (formerly Tremadoc) is a village in the community of Porthmadog, in Gwynedd, north west Wales; about one mile (1.6 km) north of Porthmadog town centre. It was a planned settlement, founded by William Madocks, who bought the land in 1798. The centre of Tremadog was complete by 1811 and remains substantially unaltered. Tremadog hosted an unofficial National Eisteddfod event in 1872.

National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru ⓘ) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors typically number 6,000 or more, and overall attendance generally exceeds 100,000 visitors, the highest recently being 186,000 attending the 2024 festival in Pontypridd.  The 2018 Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay with a fence-free 'Maes'. In 2020, the event was held virtually under the name AmGen; events were held over a one-week period.
4-Ipomeanol
4-Ipomeanol (4-IPO) is a pulmonary pre-toxin isolated from sweet potatoes infected with the fungus Fusarium solani. One of the 4-IPO metabolites is toxic to the lungs, liver and kidney in humans and animals. This metabolite can covalently bind to proteins, thereby interfering with normal cell processes.

The toxic metabolite, an enedial, is mostly formed in the bronchiolar exocrine cells (club cells) in the lungs of rodents. Necrosis of bronchiolar cells is therefore the primary damaging effect of the toxin, due to this location of metabolism. The secondary pathological effects are edema, congestion and hemorrhage caused by the destruction of the bronchiolar exocrine cells. In humans the metabolite is mostly formed in the liver, and causes liver toxicity.

Club cell
Club cells, also known as bronchiolar exocrine cells, are low columnar/cuboidal cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs. They were formerly known as Clara cells.

Club cells are found in the ciliated simple epithelium. These cells may secrete glycosaminoglycans to protect the bronchiole lining. Bronchiolar cells gradually increase in number as the number of goblet cells decrease.

One of the main functions of club cells is to protect the bronchiolar epithelium. They do this by secreting a small variety of products, including club cell secretory protein uteroglobin, and a solution similar in composition to pulmonary surfactant. They are also responsible for detoxifying harmful substances inhaled into the lungs. Club cells accomplish this with cytochrome P450 enzymes found in their smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Club cells also act as a stem cell, multiplying and differentiating into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium.
Nicolas Martiau
Nicolas Martiau (French pronunciation: [nikɔla maʁtjo]; 1591–1657) was a Frenchman who immigrated to the English colony of Virginia in the 17th century. He was born on the western island of Île de Ré.

The garden behind the Ernest Cognacq Museum in Saint Martin de Ré holds a monument with a statue of George Washington, with the base of the monument featuring a medallion representing Martiau. The monument was inaugurated on October 11, 2007, by the ambassador of the United States to France. The relationship between the two men is described on the monument.

Saint-Martin-de-Ré
Saint-Martin-de-Ré (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ maʁtɛ̃ də ʁe], lit. "St Martin of Ré"; Saintongeais: Sént-Martin-de-Ré, before 1962: Saint-Martin) is a commune in the western French department of Charente-Maritime.

It is one of the ten communes located on the Île de Ré.

The fortifications in Saint-Martin-de-Ré, drawn up by Vauban between 1681 and 1685, were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008 for their testimony to Vauban's work and its influence on military strategy and architecture over the subsequent 200 years.
JordanCon
JordanCon is a North American convention held annually in Atlanta, Georgia, that celebrates Robert Jordan's fantasy book series The Wheel of Time, as well as other science fiction and fantasy works. The convention is a 501c4 tax exempt charitable organization founded in honor of the late Robert Jordan.

Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Marriott Hotels & Resorts is Marriott International's brand of full-service hotels and resorts based in Bethesda, Maryland. As of June 30, 2020, there were 582 hotels and resorts with 205,053 rooms operating under the brand, in addition to 160 hotels with 47,765 rooms planned for development.