hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ScienTOMogy
ScienTOMogy was a New Zealand–based parody site lampooning actor Tom Cruise's involvement with Scientology. Initially hosted at the domain name scientomogy.info, the site was created in 2005 in response to the extensive media publicity surrounding Cruise's appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show and The Today Show.

ScienTOMogy gained press attention after the site proprietor was contacted by the Church of Scientology with a cease and desist letter, alleging copyright infringement by claiming the word "Scientomogy" was too close to the word "Scientology." The proprietor initially agreed to relent to the Church's demands, but then decided to keep the site after consulting with attorneys.  Internet traffic to the site later increased dramatically as a result of the media attention surrounding the Church of Scientology's allegations of copyright infringement.

Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society
The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace. Founded at Harvard Law School, the center traditionally focused on internet-related legal issues. On May 15, 2008, the center was elevated to an interfaculty initiative of Harvard University as a whole. It is named after the Berkman family. On July 5, 2016, the center added "Klein" to its name following a gift of $15 million from Michael R. Klein.
Hala El Badry
Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.

Muntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.

Cairo International Book Fair
The Cairo International Book Fair is the largest and oldest book fair in the Arab world, held every year in the last week of January in Cairo, Egypt, at Egypt International Exhibitions Center in New Cairo, it is organised by the General Egyptian Book Organisation. The Fair is considered the most important event in the Arabic publishing world.
The Trip to Bountiful (play)
The Trip to Bountiful is a play by American playwright Horton Foote. It was first performed on March 1, 1953, on NBC television before premiering on the Broadway stage in November 1953.

The play depicts an elderly woman, Carrie Watts, "who has to live with a daughter-in-law who hates her and a son who does not dare take her side." While residing with this unhappy family in a Houston apartment, Watts dreams of returning to the tiny town of Bountiful, Texas where she was raised. She manages to escape the apartment and embarks by bus to her destination. She meets several people along the way. Her stay in Bountiful is brief as she is whisked back to Houston by her son and daughter-in-law.

The play was adapted into a film of the same name, released in 1985.

Ben Brantley
Benjamin D. Brantley (born October 26, 1954) is an American theater critic, journalist, editor, publisher, and writer. He served as the chief theater critic for The New York Times from 1996 to 2017, and as co-chief theater critic from 2017 to 2020.
El presente
"El presente" (English: "The Present") is a song by Julieta Venegas and is the first single from her album MTV Unplugged Julieta Venegas. Released on April 15, 2008. It is categorized as "A Worldwide Hit". The next song was placed in the top of Mexican radio, and Latin America and spent 11 weeks in the first place. The song was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Song of the Year in 2008.

Julieta Venegas
Julieta Venegas Percevault (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈljeta βeˈneɣas]; born 24 November 1970) is a Mexican singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, and producer who specializes in pop-rock-indie music in Spanish. She embarked on her musical journey by joining several bands, including the Mexican ska band Tijuana No!. Venegas is proficient in playing 17 instruments, including the acoustic guitar, accordion, and keyboard.
Peoples Drug
Peoples Drug was a chain of drugstores based in Alexandria, Virginia.  Founded in 1905, Peoples was subsequently purchased by Lane Drug in 1975, Imasco in 1984, and finally by CVS in 1990, which continued to run the stores under the Peoples banner until 1994, at which time the stores were converted to CVS, marking the end of the use of the Peoples Drug name.

Pharmacy (shop)
A pharmacy (also called drugstore in North American English or community pharmacy or chemist in Commonwealth English and both in Australian English) is a premises which provides pharmaceutical drugs, among other products. At the pharmacy, a pharmacist oversees the fulfillment of medical prescriptions and is available to counsel patients about prescription and over-the-counter drugs or about health problems and wellness issues. A typical pharmacy would be in the commercial area of a community.
Ranchi Road railway station
Ranchi Road railway station is a compact railway station in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand. Its code is RRME. It serves Ramgarh township area as well as other areas of the Ramgarh district. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are well sheltered. It is located on Gomoh–Barkakana branch line.

It is located in the northern side of the Ramgarh city. The name 'Ranchi Road' comes after Ranchi which once connected only by narrow-gauge line and at that time Ranchi Road was the nearest broad-gauge station to the Ranchi.

Ramgarh district
Ramgarh district is one of the 24 districts in the Indian state of Jharkhand.  It was also a military district during the British Regime, referred to then as Ramgarh district. It is the part of State Capital Region (SCR).

Ramgarh was made a district on 12 September 2007. It was carved out of erstwhile Hazaribagh District. Ramgarh lies at the heart of the Jharkhand state. It is a mining, industrial and cultural hub with the Maa Chhinnamasta Temple. In 1670s, the king Dalel Singh shifted the  capital of Ramgarh Raj to Ramgarh and named it after his father Ram Singh. The district of Ramgarh has been named after the town Ramgarh, its present headquarters.
Victoriano Arenas
Club Atlético Victoriano Arenas is an Argentine sports club located in the Avellaneda district of Greater Buenos Aires.  The club is mostly known for its football team, which currently plays in Primera C Metropolitana, the regionalised 4th level of Argentine football league system. Victoriano Arenas was founded on January 2, 1928, taking its name from an estate agent in Valentín Alsina. Apart from football, other disciplines hosted by the club are artistic roller skating and judo.

Avellaneda
Avellaneda (Latin American Spanish: [aβeʝaˈneða], locally [aβeʃaˈneða]) is a port city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the seat of the Avellaneda Partido, whose population was 367,554 as per the 2022 census [INDEC]. Avellaneda is located within the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area, and is connected to neighboring Buenos Aires by several bridges over the Riachuelo River.
Luxembourg at the 2024 Summer Paralympics
Luxembourg competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 28 August to 8 September 2024. This was the nation's eighth time competing at the Summer Paralympic Games after it made its debut at the 1976 Summer Paralympics. The delegation consisted of two competitors from one sport.

1976 Summer Paralympics
The 1976 Summer Paralympics (French: Jeux paralympiques d'été de 1976), branded as Torontolympiad – 1976 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled, was the fifth Paralympic Games to be held. They were hosted by Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 3 to 11 August 1976, marking the first time a Paralympics was held in the Americas and in Canada. The games began two days after the close of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
Niitaka-class cruiser
The two Niitaka-class cruisers (新高型防護巡洋艦, Niitaka-gata bōgojun'yōkan) were protected cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. Both participated in numerous actions during the Russo-Japanese War and in World War I.

Siege of Tsingtao
The Siege of Tsingtao (German: Belagerung von Tsingtau; Japanese: 青島の戦い; simplified Chinese: 青岛战役; traditional Chinese: 青島戰役) was the attack on the German port of Qingdao (Tsingtao) from Jiaozhou Bay during World War I by Japan and the United Kingdom. The siege was waged against Imperial Germany between 27 August and 7 November 1914. The siege was the first encounter between Japanese and German forces, the first Anglo-Japanese operation of the war, and the only major land battle in the Asian and Pacific theatre during World War I.
Brodhead (surname)
Brodhead is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Brodhead II (c.1700-1755), American judge and first European settler of Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

Daniel Brodhead (1736–1809), American military and political leader during the American Revolutionary War

Eva Wilder Brodhead (1870–1915), American novelist and short story writer

Jefferson Davis Brodhead (1859–1920), member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

John Curtis Brodhead (1780 -1859), U.S. Representative from New York

John Romeyn Brodhead (1814 - 1873), American historical scholar

John Brodhead (New Hampshire) (1770 - 1838), U.S. Representative from New Hampshire.

Richard Brodhead (1811 – 1863), American lawyer and politician

Richard H. Brodhead (born 1947), president of Duke University

William M. Brodhead (born 1941), politician from the U.S. state of Michigan

Daniel Brodhead II
Daniel Brodhead II (April 20, 1693 - July 22, 1755), was a captain in the Ulster County, New York, militia. He was the first person of European descent to permanently settle the area of Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.  He was a justice of the peace for Bucks County, Pennsylvania, from 1747 to 1749. He was friendly with the Native Americans as well as with the Moravian Church missionaries.
Crescent Girls' School
Crescent Girls' School (CGS) is a government autonomous girls' school along Tanglin Road, Singapore. Founded in 1956, it is one of the schools under the Worldwide Microsoft Innovative Schools Programme.

Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level
The Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (or Singapore-Cambridge GCE O-Level) is a school qualification jointly conducted by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) and the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), with exams taking place in Singapore annually. Students are graded in the bands ranging from A to F and each band has a respective grade point, a lower grade point indicates poor performance (e.g. A1 band equates to 1 grade point). The number at the end of each grade corresponds to the grade point that they receive (i.e. A1 = 1, A2 = 2, B3 = 3, B4 = 4, C5 = 5, C6 = 6, D7 = 7 E8 = 8, F9 = 9). To pass an individual O-Level subject, a student must score at least C6 (6 grade points) or above. The highest grade a student can attain is A1 (1 grade point).
Tailed frog
The tailed frogs are two species of frogs in the genus Ascaphus, the only taxon in the family Ascaphidae /æˈskæfɪdiː/. The "tail" in the name is actually an extension of the male cloaca. The tail is one of two distinctive anatomical features adapting the species to life in fast-flowing streams.  These are the only North American frog species that reproduce by internal fertilization. They are among the most primitive known families of frogs.

Its scientific name means 'without a spade', from the privative prefix a- and the Ancient Greek skaphís (σκαφίς, 'spade, shovel'), referring to the metatarsal spade, which these frogs do not have.

Alpha privative
An alpha privative or, rarely, privative a (from Latin alpha prīvātīvum, from Ancient Greek α στερητικόν) is the prefix a- or an- (before vowels) that is used in Indo-European languages such as Sanskrit and Greek and in words borrowed therefrom to express negation or absence, for example the English words of Greek origin atypical, anesthetic, and analgesic, as well as the English word of Sanskrit origin ahimsa (ahinsa).

It is derived from a Proto-Indo-European syllabic nasal *n̥-, the zero ablaut grade of the negation *ne, i.e. /n/ used as a vowel. For this reason, it usually appears as an- before vowels (e.g. an-alphabetism, an-esthesia, an-archy). It shares the same root with the Greek prefix nē- or ne-, in Greek νη- or νε-, that is also privative (e.g. ne-penthe).

It is not to be confused with, among other things, an alpha copulative (e.g. a-delphós) or the prefix an- (i.e. the preposition aná with ecthlipsis or elision of its final vowel before a following vowel; e.g. an-ode).
Akozek
Akozek (Kazakh: Ақөзек, Aqözek) is a small agricultural village in Almaty Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan.
Akozek is located several kilometres north of the Kapchagay Reservoir (Qapshaghay Bogeni Reservoir).

Almaty Region
Almaty Region (Kazakh: Almaty oblysy [ɑɫmɑˈtə ˌwobɫɤˈsə]), formerly known as the Alma-Ata Region until 1993, is a region in Kazakhstan, located in the southeastern part of the country. It surrounds, but does not include, the eponymous city of Almaty. Its capital is Qonaev.
Tyromyces galactinus
Tyromyces galactinus is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Found in North America, is a plant pathogen that causes a white rot in broad-leaved trees. The fungus was first described by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1847. The type was collected near Waynesville, Ohio, where it was found growing on rotting trunks. Although originally placed in genus Tyromyces by Russian mycologist Appollinaris Semenovich Bondartsev in 1953, the name is invalid as it did not confirm to the rules for naming species. Josiah Lincoln Lowe transferred the fungus to Tyromyces validly in 1975.

Broad-leaved tree
A broad-leaved, broad-leaf, or broadleaf tree is any tree within the diverse botanical group of angiosperms that has flat leaves and produces seeds inside of fruits. It is one of two general types of trees, the other being a conifer, a tree with needle-like or scale-like leaves and seeds borne in woody cones. Broad-leaved trees are sometimes known as hardwoods.

Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved, but some are coniferous, like larches.
State Your Case
State Your Case was an Australian television program which aired from May to July 1957 on Sydney station ATN-7.

Hosted by Eric Baume, the program aired live on Sundays. Baume would have a discussion with a different person in each episode. Former New South Wales Premier Jack Lang appeared as the guest on the 19 May 1957 episode.

Baume also had another program on ATN, titled This I Believe, which debuted 3 December 1956, and which out-lived State Your Case. From 1959 to 1961 he hosted Eric Baume's Viewpoint.

ATN
ATN is the Sydney flagship television station of the Seven Network in Australia. The licence, issued to a company named Amalgamated Television Services, a subsidiary of John Fairfax & Sons, was one of the first four licences (two in Sydney, two in Melbourne) to be issued for commercial television stations in Australia. The station formed an affiliation with GTV-9 Melbourne in 1957, in order to share content. In 1963, Frank Packer ended up owning both GTV-9 and TCN-9, so as a result the stations switched their previous affiliations. ATN-7 and HSV-7 joined to create the Australian Television Network, which later became the Seven Network. ATN-7 is the home of the national-level Seven News bulletins.
Mike Dailly (lawyer)
Mike Dailly is a prominent Scottish lawyer. Dailly is Principal Solicitor and Solicitor Advocate at Glasgow's Govan Law Centre and Govanhill Law Centre - free UK community legal resources.

He has campaigned on a wide range of United Kingdom social justice and access to justice issues, including unfair UK bank charges, the prevention of homelessness, debt law, public law and democracy issues.

He was a member of the Financial Services Authority's statutory advisory body, the Financial Services Consumer Panel, a member of the Board of the Scottish Housing Regulator and a member of the European Banking Authority's Banking Stakeholder Group.

Govan Law Centre is part of the law centre movement.

Solicitor advocate
Solicitor advocate is a hybrid status which allows a solicitor in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong to represent clients in higher courts in proceedings that were traditionally reserved for barristers.  The status does not exist in most other common law jurisdictions where, for the most part, all solicitors have rights of audience in higher courts.

The title is also used in some jurisdictions to refer to solicitors who conduct advocacy in court (such as Northern Ireland) or as a job title (Australia).
Ethan Nordean
Ethan Nordean (born 1990 or 1991), also known as Rufio Panman, is an American far-right political activist, convicted seditionist and a leader of the Proud Boys, an all-male neo-fascist organization that engages in political violence.

He played a prominent role in the January 6, 2021, attack against the U.S. Capitol, and was arrested four weeks later on federal criminal charges. In March 2021, a federal grand jury in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia indicted Nordean and three other Proud Boys members for conspiracy. He was subsequently indicted on seditious conspiracy charges in June 2022, along with four other Proud Boy leaders, for his role in the attack. In May 2023, Nordean was found guilty of seditious conspiracy and multiple other felonies; three other members of the Proud Boys were also convicted at trial. On September 1, 2023, he was sentenced to 18 years in prison. On January 20, 2025, his sentence was commuted to time served by President Donald Trump.

Neo-fascism
Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology which includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, ultraconservatism, racial supremacy, right-wing populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration sentiment, as well as opposition to social democracy, parliamentarianism, Marxism, communism, socialism, liberalism, neoliberalism, and liberal democracy.
Willie Asbury
William Wesley Asbury (born February 22, 1943) is an American former professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played college football for the Kent State Golden Flashes.

Kent State Golden Flashes football
The Kent State Golden Flashes football team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference East division, and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The Golden Flashes played their first game in 1920 and since 1969 have played their home games at Dix Stadium. Kent State is coached by head coach Mark Carney.
Polaris Media
Polaris Media ASA is a media group which owns thirty newspapers in Norway. Based in Trondheim, the group was established in 2008. Major newspapers owned by the group include Adresseavisen, Harstad Tidende, Troms Folkeblad, Sunnmørsposten and Romsdals Budstikke. The company is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.

Oslo Stock Exchange
59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway's only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.
Blame the Messenger
Blame the Messenger is the fifth studio album by experimental singer-songwriter David Thomas, released in January 1987 by Rough Trade and Twin/Tone Records. In 1997, the album was remastered by Paul Hamann and David Thomas for its inclusion in the Monster anthology box set.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Niels Versteijnen
Niels Versteijnen (born 3 February 2000) is a Dutch handball player for German Bundesliga club TBV Lemgo-Lippe and the Dutch national team.

He represented the Netherlands at the 2020 European Men's Handball Championship.

2020 European Men's Handball Championship
The 2020 EHF European Men's Handball Championship was the 14th edition of the tournament and the first to feature 24 national teams. It was co-hosted for the first time in three countries – Austria, Norway and Sweden – from 9 to 26 January 2020.

Spain won their second consecutive title by defeating Croatia 22–20 in the final, while co-hosts Norway won the bronze match against Slovenia. Other hosts Austria finished 8th and Sweden 7th.

Sander Sagosen's 65 goals was at the time a record for a single player at any European Championship, until Mathias Gidsel's 68 goals at the 2026 European Men's Handball Championship.
Mortality in the early modern period
The early modern age saw various economic changes as well as several significant diseases that have affected mortality rates. Data collection during this time was not consistent or broadly recorded and there have been efforts to reconstruct plausible statistics. Mortality rates vary on geographic location, social environment, and cultural values. There were also gender differences in the mortality rates, leading to an excess mortality rate in urban areas and in the female population. A main cause of death was stillbirth, which could be attributed to, but not limited to, maternal infections, birth complications, and congenital anomalies. Another contributing factor to the mortality rate was food insecurity and shortages as well as unemployment, both of which varied per region. A final factor was violence, which occurred mainly due to structural or systemic violence; however, violence since the 12th century has been steadily falling.

Structural violence
Structural violence is a form of violence wherein some social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs or rights.

The term was coined by Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung, who introduced it in his 1969 article "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research". Some examples of structural violence as proposed by Galtung include institutionalized racism, sexism, and classism, among others. Structural violence and direct violence are said to be highly interdependent, including family violence, gender violence, hate crimes, racial violence, police violence, state violence, terrorism, and war. It is very closely linked to social injustice insofar as it affects people differently in various social structures.
Orange Drive Miami Beach Music Festival
Orange Drive Miami Beach Music Festival is a three-day outdoor music festival that occurs on New Year's weekend in South Beach, on Ocean Drive between 5th-14th streets. A state of the art amphitheater is constructed on the beach. Revelers party on the sand and under the stars in average temperatures of 70 degrees during that time period.  Orange Drive is positioned to be the biggest and coolest New Year's celebration on the planet!

This festival is on hiatus in 2020.

South Beach, Florida
South Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) on North Hutchinson Island in Indian River County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,501 at the 2010 census. It is ranked tenth in Florida locations by per capita income as of 2010.

South Beach is part of the Sebastian–Vero Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area.