hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dębiny, Toruń County
Dębiny [dɛmˈbinɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubianka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

In 2005 the village had a population of 275.

Toruń County
Toruń County (Polish: powiat toruński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Toruń, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Toruń County is Chełmża, which lies nineteen kilometers (twelve miles) north of Toruń.

The county covers an area of 1,229.71 square kilometres (474.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 107,641, out of which the population of Chełmża is 14,503  and the rural population is 93,138.
Zionist youth movement
A Zionist youth movement (Hebrew: תנועות הנוער היהודיות הציוניות, romanized: tnuot hanoar hayehudiot hatsioniot) is an organization formed for Jewish children and adolescents for educational, social, and ideological development, including a belief in Jewish nationalism as represented in the State of Israel. Youth leaders in modern youth movements use informal education approaches to educate toward the movement's ideological goals.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.
Habrocephalus
Habrocephalus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Northwest Railway Museum
The Northwest Railway Museum (NRM) is a railroad museum in Snoqualmie, King County, Washington. It incorporates a heritage railway, historic depot, exhibit hall, library, and collection care center, and serves more than 130,000 visitors per year.

The heritage railway incorporates 5.5 miles of the line built in 1889 by the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway (SLS&E). The construction of this line was part of an attempt to build over Snoqualmie Pass and on to Walla Walla, Washington. The SLS&E was part of Seattle's response to the Northern Pacific selecting Tacoma as their western terminus. The SLS&E was later purchased by the Northern Pacific in 1901.

Walla Walla, Washington
Walla Walla (/ˌwɑːlə ˈwɑːlə/ WAH-lə WAH-lə) is a city in and the county seat of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 34,060 at the 2020 census, estimated to have decreased to 33,339 as of 2023. The combined population of the city and its two suburbs, the town of College Place and unincorporated Walla Walla East, is about 45,500.

Walla Walla is in the southeastern region of Washington, approximately four hours away from Portland, Oregon, and four and a half hours from Seattle. It is located only 6 mi (10 km) north of the Oregon border.
Emily Defroand
Emily Defroand  (born 27 July 1994) is an English field hockey player who plays as a midfielder for Surbiton.

On 15 June 2021 her retirement from playing for the England and Great Britain national teams was announced.

She grew up in Hornchurch, Essex with her two brothers James and Alexander and whilst still at school started playing hockey for Havering.

England women's national field hockey team
The England women's national field hockey team are the current Commonwealth Games champions having previously won silver 3 times. England have also won the 2006 Women's Field Hockey World Cup Qualifier and the 2002 Champions Challenge.
Maria von Linden
Maria von Linden (18 July 1869 – 25 August 1936) was a German bacteriologist and zoologist.

She was the first woman admitted to study at the University of Tübingen, and became one of the first women in Germany to be given the academic title of “Professor”. She patented a type of bandage and won a prize for her research on butterfly wings. She was driven from office due to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany.

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
Amália Revisited
Amália Revisited is a tribute album by various artists and bands to famous Portuguese fadista Amália Rodrigues. It was released on February 7, 2005 by Different World.

Metrô is the only Brazilian band to take part on the album; all the other artists hail from Portugal.

Amália Rodrigues
Amália da Piedade Rodrigues GCSE GCIH (23 July 1920 – 6 October 1999) was a Portuguese fado singer (fadista).

Dubbed Rainha do Fado ("Queen of Fado"), she was instrumental in popularising fado worldwide and travelled internationally throughout her career. Rodrigues remains the best-selling Portuguese artist in the history of recorded music.
The Perfect Picture: Ten Years Later
The Perfect Picture: 10 Years Later is a 2019 Ghanaian film produced and directed by Shirley Frimpong-Manso and Ken Attoh. It is a sequel to The Perfect Picture, also produced and written by Shirley Frimpong-Manso. At the 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, Gloria Sarfo won the Best Supporting Actress in a Movie or TV Series for her role in the film.

Shirley Frimpong-Manso
Shirley Frimpong-Manso, (born March 16, 1977 in Kwahu East District) is a Ghanaian film director, writer, and producer. She is the founder and CEO of Sparrow Productions, a film, television and advertising production company. She won Best Director at the 6th Africa Movie Academy Awards. Frimpong-Manso is also a principal of Sparrow Station, a video streaming service for African entertainment from Sparrow and other African film producers. In 2013, she was ranked the 48th most influential person in Ghana according to E.tv Ghana.
Vidwan
In Hindu philosophy vidvān alludes to an expert in discrimination, to the one who is an expert in the Vedanta.

A vidwan (or vidvan) is a person who has vidyā (knowledge) of a particular science or art. This term is usually used for Indian classical musicians to denote their scholarship and experience in performing classical music concerts. While vidwan is the masculine form, vidushi is used for women.  Both may be shortened to vid.

Vidwan may also be referred to as a doctorate in layman's terms.

Vidya (philosophy)
Vidya (Sanskrit: विद्या, IAST: vidyā) figures prominently in all texts pertaining to Indian philosophy – meaning science, learning, knowledge, and scholarship. Most importantly, it refers to valid knowledge, which cannot be contradicted, and true knowledge, which is the intuitively-gained knowledge of the self. Vidya is not mere intellectual knowledge, for the Vedas demand understanding.
Hrdlička
Hrdlička (feminine Hrdličková) is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleš Hrdlička (1869–1943), Czech-American anthropologist

Alfred Hrdlicka (1928–2009), Austrian sculptor, draughtsman and painter

Franz Hrdlicka (1920–1945), German Luftwaffe pilot

Ivan Hrdlička (born 1943), Slovak football player

Jayne Hrdlicka, managing director and chief executive in Australia

Karolína Plíšková Hrdličková, Czech tennis player

Květa Hrdličková Peschke, Czech tennis player

Libor Hrdlička (born 1986), Slovak football player

Petr Hrdlička (born 1967), Czech sports shooter

Tomáš Hrdlička (born 1982), Czech football player

Jayne Hrdlicka
Carla Jayne Hrdlicka (born 1961 or 1962) is an American-Australian business executive based in Australia. She is currently CEO and managing director of Endeavour Group, commencing in the role in January 2026.

Hrdlicka has led several Australian and New Zealand companies as CEO, including Jetstar Airways, The a2 Milk Company and most recently, Virgin Australia. Hrdlicka was also previously chairman and Board President of Tennis Australia from 2017–2025.
Herbert Schernus
Herbert Schernus (born 9 March 1927 – 15 March 1994) was a German choral conductor, the second music director of the Kölner Rundfunkchor from 1962 to 1989.

Schernus was born in Wießen, Kreis Heydekrug, now Vyžiai, Lithuania. He studied conducting and composition at the Musikhochschule Hamburg. He was a Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater Bremerhaven, then assistant for the NDR Sinfonieorchester and at the Hamburgische Staatsoper.

In 1962, Schernus moved to the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in Cologne. He focused on collaboration with contemporary composers whose works he prepared and conducted. Under his direction, numerous world premieres have been performed, which have established and consolidated the reputation of the Kölner Rundfunkchor nationally and internationally. He prepared them for recordings of classical music, especially contemporary music. Schernus died in Nideggen.

Stadttheater Bremerhaven
The Stadttheater Bremerhaven (Bremerhaven municipal theatre) is a theatre in Bremerhaven, Germany. Founded in 1867, it serves three genres: opera and other musical theatre, spoken plays, and dance. A theatre built on the present site in 1911 was largely destroyed in World War II; a new house was built in 1952 which incorporated the surviving Jugendstil facade. The smaller Bürgerhaus Lehe, which served as a home before the rebuilding, is currently used as a venue for chamber pieces.
Kołacin, Łódź Voivodeship
Kołacin [kɔˈwat͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dmosin, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Dmosin, 8 km (5 mi) north-east of Brzeziny, and 26 km (16 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny, Brzeziny County
Brzeziny ([bʐɛˈʑinɨ]; Yiddish: ברעזין, Brezin) is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km (12 mi) east of Łódź. It is the capital of Brzeziny County and has a population of 12,326 as of December 2021. It is situated on the Mrożyca River within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Hazarchishma Natural Bridge
Hazarchishma Natural Bridge (Persian: پل طبیعی هزارچشمه) is a natural arch located in central Afghanistan, and the world's 12th largest natural bridge. The bridge spans 64.2 meters (211.0 feet) across its base, and its elevation is 3,100 meters (10,000 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest large natural bridges in the world.

The bridge is located in the Hindu Kush mountains and approximately 100km north of Band-e Amir, a collection of  six deep blue lakes separated by natural dams made of travertine, in the northern edge of Bamiyan Province in Afghanistan. Hazarchishma natural bridge was discovered in late 2010 by the Wildlife Conservation Society staff.

It is also home to ibex and urial wild sheep.

Ibex
An ibex (/aɪbɛks/ pl.: ibex, ibexes or ibices) is any of several species of wild goat (genus Capra), distinguished by the male's large curved horns, which are transversely ridged in front. Ibex are found in Eurasia, North Africa and East Africa.
Coleophora amellivora
Coleophora amellivora is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Italy and Romania and from France to Poland.

The larvae feed on Aster alpinus, Aster amellus, Aster linosyris and Aster salignus. Larvae can be found from September to May. After hibernation, the larvae do not feed.

Galatella linosyris
Galatella linosyris (also called goldilocks aster, and often known by the synonyms Aster linosyris and Crinitaria linosyris) is a species of perennial plant from family Asteraceae found in Eastern, Central and Southern Europe. It can also be found in Great Britain, the southern part of Scandinavia and in Asia Minor. The flowers are yellow coloured. The species have stems up to 10–50 centimetres (3.9–19.7 in), with leaves that are lanceolate. The plant does not have ray flowers, only disk florets. It blooms from July to September. The fruits are achenes. The species is under protection in the Czech Republic.
Fadhel Khayati
Fadhel Khayati (born 18 January 1965) is a retired Tunisian hurdler.

On the international and continental scene he won the gold medal at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie and finished fourth at the 1995 All-Africa Games. He also competed at the 1993 World Championships without reaching the final.

On the regional scene he won the gold medal (and also the gold medal in 110 m hurdles) at the 1984 Arab Junior Athletics Championships, and took the gold medals at the 1986 and 1990 Maghreb Championships. He finished fifth at the 1991 Mediterranean Games and won the bronze medal at the 1993 Mediterranean Games.

He became Tunisian champion at least twelve times. His personal best time was 49.52 seconds, achieved in July 1994 at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie.

1993 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 400 metres hurdles
These are the official results of the Men's 400 metres Hurdles event at the 1993 IAAF World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany. There were a total of 49 participating athletes, with seven qualifying heats, three semi-finals and the final held on Thursday 1993-08-19.
Dopson
Dopson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Dopson (born 1963), American baseball pitcher

Patrick Dopson (born 1978), American gospel musician

Rob Dopson (born 1967), Canadian ice hockey goaltender

John Dopson
John Robert Dopson, Jr. (born July 14, 1963) is an American former professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues during 1985, then from 1988 to 1994.  He was the last pitcher to balk four times in one game, a feat he achieved on June 13, 1989. Primarily a starter, Dopson recorded his only career save during his last season of 1994.
Charpa Falls
Charpa Falls is a waterfall located in Athirappilly panchayath in Thrissur district of Kerala. Located on the west-flowing Chalakudy River, this waterfall lies in between the more famous Athirappilly Falls and Vazhachal Falls. It is a popular stopover for tourists who are visiting the Athirappilly and Vazhachal Falls. It is located close to the road, and during monsoon months (June to August), the water splashes onto the road. During the dry season, the water stops flowing.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
Shameyevo
Shameyevo (Russian: Шамеево; Bashkir: Шәмәй, Şämäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Udryakbashevsky Selsoviet, Blagovarsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 87 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Blagovarsky District
Blagovarsky District (Russian: Благова́рский райо́н; Bashkir: Благовар районы, Blagovar rayonı; Tatar: Болгавар районы, Bolğawar rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the central western part of the republic and borders with Chekmagushevsky District in the north, Kushnarenkovsky District in the northeast, Chishminsky District in the east, Davlekanovsky District in the south, and with Buzdyaksky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,688.15 square kilometers (651.80 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yazykovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 26,004, with the population of Yazykovo accounting for 24.5% of that number.
Allan Marshall Brodie
Allan Brodie FSA FRHistS is a British historian and architectural historian. His expertise includes medieval ecclesiastical architecture and the history of tourism in Britain. He studied for his MA at the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London in 1982, the subject of his dissertation being the chronology of the East End of Rochester Cathedral. Photographs contributed by Allan Brodie to the Courtauld's Conway Library archive are currently being digitised as part of the Courtauld Connects project. In 2021 he completed his  Ph.D. (by published work) at the University of Westminster on The Urban Character of the Early English Seaside Resort 1700–1847. The award was based on a new commentary, seven published papers and two books.

Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art (/ˈkɔːrtəʊld/) is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.

The art collection is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery. The Courtauld is based in Somerset House, in the Strand in London. In 2019, the Courtauld's teaching and research activities temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site underwent a major regeneration project.
Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology
Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (Urdu: دانشگاہِ سرسید برائے علومِ مہندسی و فنونِ سائنسی) (known as "SSUET") is a private research university located in the urban area of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.  The university is honored in the name of notable 19th-century Indian Muslim reformer and philosopher, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.

International Association of Universities
The International Association of Universities (IAU) is a membership-led non-governmental organization working in the field of global higher education. It has more than 600 members in over 130 countries, including institutions, organizations, affiliates, and associates in higher education. The IAU was created under and is an official associate partner of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Sereno Edwards Bishop
Sereno Edwards Bishop (February 7, 1827 – March 23, 1909) was a scientist, Presbyterian minister and publisher. He was an avid proponent of the United States annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, and aligned himself with the political faction who overthrew the monarchy under Liliuokalani.

Political faction
A political faction is a group of people with a common political purpose, especially a subgroup of a political party that has interests or opinions different from the rest of the political party. Intragroup conflict between factions can lead to schism of the political party into two political parties. The ley de lemas electoral system allows the voters to indicate on the ballot their preference for political factions within a political party. Political factions can represent voting blocs. Political factions require a weaker party discipline. Research indicates that factions can play an important role in moving their host party along the ideological spectrum.
Larysa
Larysa is a given name. Notable people with the surname include:

Larysa Artiugina (born 1971), Ukrainian documentary film director and activist

Larysa Berezhna (born 1961), Ukrainian long jumper

Larysa Harapyn, Canadian media personality

Larysa Hienijuš (1910–1983), Belarusian poet, writer and active participant of the national movement

Larysa Karlova (born 1958), Ukrainian handball player

Larysa Khorolets (born 1948), Ukrainian actress

Larysa Klochkova, Ukrainian Paralympic volleyball player

Larysa Kondracki, Canadian producer, director and screenwriter

Larysa Kuzmenko (born 1956), Canadian composer and pianist

Larysa Ponomarenko, Ukrainian Paralympic volleyball player

Larysa Sinchuk (born 1965), Ukrainian Paralympic volleyball player

Larysa Varona (born 1983), Belarusian female cross-country skier, biathlete and rower

Larysa Zaspa (born 1971), Ukrainian handball goalkeeper

Larysa Klochkova
Larysa Klochkova (born 15 April 1970) is a Ukrainian Paralympic volleyball player.

Klochkova won a bronze medal at the 2012 Paralympic Games in the women's team event. She also competed at the in 2008 and 2016 Paralympic Games.
Engine gun
An engine gun, or engine cannon (from German: Motorkanone, "motor cannon"), is an aircraft gun mounted behind and through the cylinder block of an inline aircraft engine (most often a V engine) with a reduction drive that displaces the propeller axle to be in line with the gun so that gunfire is allowed through the propeller hub. This allows for nose-mounted weaponry on aircraft without the need for synchronization gear while also permitting higher calibers for nose-mounted weaponry, which otherwise would be hard to adapt for synchronization gear.

The first time this was done was during World War I when the French modified the Hispano-Suiza 8 engine to be able to install a 37 mm autocannon. The concept was used widely before the Jet Age.

Inline engine (aeronautics)
In aviation, an inline engine is a reciprocating engine with banks of cylinders, one behind another, rather than rows of cylinders, with each bank having any number of cylinders, although more than six is uncommon. The major reciprocating-engine alternative configuration is the radial engine, where the cylinders are placed in a circular or "star" arrangement.

The term "inline" is used somewhat differently for aircraft engines than automotive engines. For automotive engines, the term ‘inline’ refers only to straight engines (those with a single bank of cylinders). But for aircraft, ‘inline’ can also refer to engines which are not of the straight configuration, such as V, H, or horizontally opposed.