hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008
The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) is a United States law signed on August 14, 2008 by President George W. Bush.

The law increased the budget of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), imposes new testing and documentation requirements, and sets new acceptable levels of several substances. It imposes new requirements on manufacturers of apparel, shoes, personal care products, accessories and jewelry, home furnishings, bedding, toys, electronics and video games, books, school supplies, educational materials and science kits. The Act also increases fines and specifies jail time for some violations.

This act was seen in part as controversial because of its impact to many types of businesses.

Federal Register
The Federal Register (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices. It is published every weekday, except on federal holidays. The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the Federal Register are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which is updated quarterly.

The Federal Register is compiled by the Office of the Federal Register (within the National Archives and Records Administration) and is printed by the Government Publishing Office. There are no copyright restrictions on the Federal Register; as a work of the U.S. government, it is in the public domain.
The Arm of Roger
The Arm of Roger is a fake band created by Jason Lytle and other members of American Rock band Grandaddy. The group released one album, 2002's The Ham and Its Lily on Grandaddy's Sweat of the Alps record label.

The Ham and Its Lily
The Ham and Its Lily is the debut (and to date, only) album by Arm of Roger, an indie rock/comedy alias for the group Grandaddy.

The Ham and Its Lily has been described by Grandaddy as intentionally "horrible, a complete joke." It was originally submitted as a "fake version of The Sophtware Slump" to their record label in 1999. Grandaddy later created an elaborate backstory for fictional group Arm of Roger, and released the recording through their label Sweat of the Alps on December 20, 2002. The Ham and Its Lily was reissued in 2015 by PIAPTK/Soiled Gold Records, who described the album as "Grandaddy's 'lost' practical joke record."
Robert J. Myers
Robert Julius Myers (October 31, 1912 – February 13, 2010) was an American actuary who co-created the American Social Security program. He also set the retirement age in the United States at 65 years old.

Myers was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on October 31, 1912, to parents, Laurence B. Myers and Edith Hirsh Myers. He received his bachelor's degree from Lehigh University.
In 1963 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

Myers died from respiratory failure at his home in Silver Spring, Maryland, at the age of 97.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Phil McGuinness
Phil McGuinness (born 30 May 1971) is a former award-winning Australian rules footballer who played for Glenelg and Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

McGuinness began his career at Glenelg in 1991 and switched to Port Adelaide in 1996. McGuinness was quite successful in that club's Best and Fairest, being runner-up in 1999 and then in 2000 winning the award.

McGuiness is the brother of former Adelaide Football Club captain Tony McGuinness.

Glenelg Football Club
The Glenelg Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers or the Bays, is an Australian rules football team which plays in the South Australian National Football League. Their home ground is Stratarama Stadium (formerly Glenelg Oval), located in the southern coastal suburb of Glenelg East, South Australia.
Flags of Austria-Hungary
The empire of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918) did not have a commonly used universal flag. A single "national flag" could not exist since the Dual Monarchy consisted of two nations brought together by the 1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Additionally, the 1868 Croatian–Hungarian Settlement meant that Croatia and Hungary were entities that legally required separate flags. The only official symbol of Austria-Hungary in common use was the coat of arms.

National flag
A national flag is a flag that represents and symbolizes a given nation. It is flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanings for its colors and symbols, which may also be used separately from the flag as a symbol of the nation. The design of a national flag is sometimes altered after the occurrence of important historical events.
Gugutka
Gugutka (Bulgarian: Гугутка, "collared dove", Turkish: Arnavutköy) is a village in southernmost Bulgaria, part of Ivaylovgrad municipality, Haskovo Province.  Located in the valley of the Byala Reka ("White River"), it is famous for the Byalgrad ("White Fortress") medieval fortress located eight kilometres from the village. Its former name was "Arnavutköy".

Ivaylovgrad
Ivaylovgrad (Bulgarian: Ивайловград, "city of Ivaylo", Greek: Ορτάκιοϊ, Turkish  :Ortaköy, "Middle Village") is a town in Haskovo Province in the south of Bulgaria set near the river Arda in the easternmost part of the Rhodope Mountains, and is the administrative centre of the homonymous Ivaylovgrad Municipality. The border with Evros, Greece is around two miles from the town centre.
Harold Enright
Harold Bradfod Enright (April 28, 1890 – March 2, 1946) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1912, he finished 13th in the high jump competition.

A high jumper, Harold Enright finished fourth in the 1911 IC4A and third in 1912. Enright tied for second at the Eastern Olympic Trials in 1912. He competed for Dartmouth, graduating in 1913. A Maine native, Enright moved to the Boston area after college where he worked as a salesman, first for H. F. Staples, and later for the Sherwin-Williams Company.

Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump
The men's high jump, also known as the running high jump to distinguish it from the standing high jump, was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which is one of 12 to have been held at every Summer Olympics. The competition was held on July 7, 1912, and on July 8, 1912. Thirty-seven high jumpers from ten nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes. The event was won by Alma Richards of the United States, the nation's fifth consecutive victory in the men's high jump. Germany won its second silver medal in the event, after 1904.
Cedric Sharpe
Cedric Sharpe, ARCM, Hon RAM (13 April 1891 – 7 July 1978) was a British cellist, composer and music professor of the early to mid-20th century. He studied cello at the Royal College of Music later becoming professor of cello at the Royal Academy of Music – the start of a teaching career that was to span almost four decades before he retired in 1966 at the age of 75. During the inter-War years he became a prominent player of both chamber and orchestral music; his repertoire included both British and European contemporary music. He recorded for His Master's Voice and was broadcast by the BBC. He composed a number of original pieces mostly for solo cello with piano accompaniment.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
Bill Baumann
William Francis Baumann (born 12 October 1942) is a former Australian politician. He was the National Party member for Albert in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1995 to 2001.

Born in Southport, Baumann was chairman of Coachtrans Australia, the largest coach company on the Gold Coast with a fleet of 150 vehicles at the time of its sale to Sita Buslines.

In 1995 Baumann defeated John Szczerbanik to win the seat of Albert for the National Party. Following Labor's formation of government 1998, he became Opposition Whip. He did not recontest Albert at the 2001 election choosing instead to contest the new seat of Gaven but was defeated by Labor candidate Robert Poole.

Transit Systems Victoria
Transit Systems Victoria, formerly Sita Buslines, is a bus and coach operator in Melbourne, Australia. It is a subsidiary of Transit Systems and operates 18 bus routes under contract to Public Transport Victoria.
Cerro Oncol
Cerro Oncol is a mountain located in the Cordillera de Oncol, Chile. At 715 m it is the highest peak of the Chilean Coast Range between the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta and Corral Bay. Cerro Oncol and its surroundings are located inside Oncol Park.

Corral Bay
Corral Bay is a bay in the mouth of the Valdivia River, southern Chile. Its main towns are Corral and Niebla. The mouth of the bay is between Juan Latorre point and Morro Gonzalo, with a width of 5.5 km. All the year the bay is transited by merchant, transport and fish boats. The bay is famous for being one of the most fortified bays in Spanish America in colonial time (see: Valdivian Fort System).

The outer limits of the bay are Morro Gonzalo in the southwest and Punta Juan Latorre in the northeast. The amplitude of the tide is of 1.28 m. Except the areas next to shores the depths of the bay range from 4.5 to 15 m.
Shiloh High School
Shiloh High School may mean:

Shiloh High School (Alabama) in Sardis, Dallas County, and which closed in favor of Sardis High School

Shiloh High School (Georgia) in Snellville, Gwinnett County

Shiloh High School (Illinois) in Shiloh Community Unit School District 1 in Hume, Edgar County

Shiloh High School (Georgia)
Shiloh High School is a public high school located in Snellville, Georgia, United States, in southern Gwinnett County. The school is part of the Gwinnett County Public Schools system and opened in 1984. It serves students in the Shiloh Cluster, which feeds from the Anderson Livsey, Annistown, Centerville, Partee, and Shiloh Elementary Schools and Shiloh Middle School.

The school mascot is the General, and the school colors are black, silver, and white.

Shiloh, like Peachtree Ridge, was on block scheduling, and until the 2015-2016 school year, was on a regular six-period day starting 2008-2009, but is now again on a block schedule.
Kevin Ratajczak
Kevin Ratajczak (born 7 August 1985) is a German singer. He is a founding member and the primary lyricist of the electronicore band Electric Callboy, for which he provides the "unclean" vocals (growling and screaming) alongside "clean" vocalist Nico Sallach.

Electronicore
Electronicore (also known as synthcore or trancecore) is a fusion genre of metalcore music with elements of various electronic music genres, often including trance, electronica, and dubstep. Electronicore emerged in the early 2000s. The British band Enter Shikari, founded in 2003, is considered a pioneer. However, several online magazines attribute a pioneering role in this genre to the band I See Stars, due to their debut album 3-D, which was very well-known within the scene.
Kazuhiro Nakaya
Kazuhiro Nakaya (仲谷 一宏, Nakaya Kazuhiro; born July 27, 1945) is a Japanese marine scientist and ichthyologist. He graduated from Hokkaido University with a BA in 1968 and with a PhD in 1972. He is professor of Marine Environment and Resources at the Marine Laboratory for Biodiversity. He specializes in taxonomy and evolution of sharks, rays, chimaeras, and Lake Tanganyikan fish. He is the author of many articles and books on sharks and fish. In 1995 he was put in charge of dissecting and preparing the 7th specimen of the very rare megamouth shark.

Rajiformes
Rajiformes /ˈrædʒɪfɔːrmiːz/ is one of the four orders in the clade Batomorphi, often referred to as the superorder Batoidea, flattened cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. Rajiforms are distinguished by the presence of greatly enlarged pectoral fins, which reach as far forward as the sides of the head, with a generally flattened body. The undulatory pectoral fin motion diagnostic to this taxon is known as rajiform locomotion. The eyes and spiracles are located on the upper surface of the head and the gill slits are on the underside of the body. Most species give birth to live young, although some lay eggs enclosed in a horny capsule ("mermaid's purse").
Polikarpov VIT-1
The Polikarpov VIT-1 (Russian: Vozdooshny Istrebitel' Tahnkov— Flying Tank Destroyer) was a Soviet twin-engined multi-purpose aircraft developed before World War II. One prototype was built in 1937, with an extremely heavy armament for ground attack duties. That was the only example built as it was decided to revise the design with more powerful engines as the VIT-2.

ShVAK cannon
The ShVAK (Russian: Шпитальный-Владимиров Авиационный Крупнокалиберный (ШВАК), romanized: Shpitalnyi-Vladimirov Aviatsionnyi Krupnokalibernyi, "Shpitalny-Vladimirov Aviation Large-calibre") was a 20 mm autocannon used by the Soviet Union during World War II. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Semyon Vladimirov and entered production in 1936. ShVAK were installed in many models of Soviet aircraft. The TNSh was a version of the gun produced for light tanks (Russian: ТНШ: Tankovyi Nudel’man-Shpitalnyi). ShVAK shares the name with its 12.7 mm heavy machine gun predecessor.
Stina Bergström
Kristina Helena Bergström (born 1958) is a Swedish politician and former member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Green Party, she represented Värmland County between October 2010 and September 2018.

Bergström is the daughter of lawyer Svante Bergström and teacher Margareta Bergström (née Kähr). She was educated in Uppsala. She studied philosophy and law at the Uppsala University, cultural studies and journalism at the University of Gothenburg and literature at Karlstad University. She was an archivist/copyist and journalist at the Värmlands Folkblad from 1984 to 1986 and a journalist at the Bohusläningen in 1986. She was cultural assistant for Forshaga Municipality from 1987 to 1992 and a theatre producer from 1992 to 1996. She was a student recruiter for Karlstad University from 1996 to 2002 and a student advisor at the university from 2002 2010. She was a member of the municipal council in Kil Municipality between 2007 and 2010.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Citheronia lobesis
Citheronia lobesis is a moth of the family Saturniidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1907.  This moth has light orange bottom wings and darker orange upper wings with spots on them. Also, the body is orange and has black stripes.

Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937), was a British banker, politician, zoologist, and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.
Natalie Zeleznikar
Natalie Zeleznikar (/zɪˈlɛznɪkɑːr/ zil-EZ-nik-ar; born September 9, 1966) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2023. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Zeleznikar represents District 3B in northern Minnesota, which includes the cities of Hermantown, Two Harbors, and Rice Lake, and parts of Lake and St. Louis Counties.

St. Louis County, Minnesota
St. Louis County is a county  in the Arrowhead Region of  Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 200,231. Its county seat is Duluth. It is the largest county in Minnesota by land area, and the largest in the United States by total area east of the Mississippi River.
St. Louis County is included in the Duluth, MN–Superior, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major industries include pulpwood production and tourism. Open pit mining of taconite and processing it into high grade iron ore remains an important part of the economy of the Iron Range and is directly tied to shipping in the twin ports of Duluth and Superior. Parts of the federally recognized Bois Forte and Fond du Lac Indian reservations are in the county.
Uganda Revenue Authority FC
Uganda Revenue Authority Football Club (abbreviated as URA FC) is a Ugandan football team based in the national capital Kampala. The club plays in the Ugandan Premier League and was founded in 1997. They have won the Ugandan Premier League four times and the Uganda Cup three times. On the continent, URA FC has represented Uganda seven times, six times in the CAF champions league and once in the CAF confederation Cup.

Football team
A football team is a group of players selected to play together in the various team sports known as football. Such teams could be selected to play in a match against an opposing team, to represent a football club, group, state or nation, an all-star team or even selected as a hypothetical team (such as a dream team or team of the century) and never play an actual match.

The difference between a football team and a football club is incorporation, a football club is an entity which is formed and governed by a committee and has members which may consist of supporters in addition to players. The benefit of club formation is that it gives teams access to additional volunteer or paid support staff, facilities and equipment.
Boscoreale
Boscoreale (Italian: [ˌbɔskoreˈaːle]; Neapolitan: Vuoscoriale; "Royal Grove") is an Italian comune (municipality) and town in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, with a population of 25,939 in 2022. Located in the Vesuvius National Park, under the slopes of Mount Vesuvius, it is known for the fruit and vineyards of Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio. There is also a fine Vesuvian lava stone production.

Metropolitan City of Naples
The Metropolitan City of Naples (Italian: città metropolitana di Napoli) is a metropolitan city in the Campania region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Naples. The province was established on 1 January 2015 and contains 92 comuni (sg.: comune).
It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and established by Law 56/2014, thus replacing the province of Naples in 2015. It has 2,958,410 inhabitants as of 2025, making it the 3rd most populous metropolitan city in the country.

The Metropolitan City of Naples is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and the Metropolitan Council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 18 October 2021, its head has been Gaetano Manfredi, mayor of the capital city.
Awash Fentale (woreda)
Awash Fentale is a woreda in Afar Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 3, Awash Fentale is bordered on the south by the Oromia Region, on the west by the Amhara Region, on the north by Dulecha, and on the east by Amibara. Towns in Awash Fentale include Awash Sebat Kilo and Sabure.

Rivers in this woreda include the Awash and its tributary the Germama. A large portion of this woreda is occupied by the Awash National Park.

The dire conditions of the 2002 drought led local pastoralists, which included members of the Afar, Karayu and the Ittu Oromo, to armed conflicts over grazing and water access.

Awash National Park
Awash National Park is a national park in Ethiopia. Located at the border of Oromia state and Afar state, the park covers an area of 827 km2 (319 sq mi), most of it lies at an altitude of 900 m (3,000 ft). Spanning across the southern tip of the Afar Region and the northeastern corner of the East Shewa Zone of Oromia, this park is 225 km (140 mi) east of Addis Ababa (and a few kilometers west of Awash and east of Metehara).

The park is best known for its rich biodiversity and rural landscapes.

The region is subject to a bimodal rainfall pattern a rainy season followed by a dominant dry season which can last up to 10 months.
Fernando Rossi
Fernando Rossi (born 3 September 1946) is an Italian politician.

Born in Portomaggiore, he was elected to represent the Marche region at the 2006 Italian general election for the Party of Italian Communists (PdCI). Due to his opposition to the party line and the treasury in an interview with Il Giornale, he was expelled from the PdCI.

In February 2007, Rossi and Franco Turigliatto were the two representatives from The Union coalition who abstained from a key vote on the foreign policy position outlined by Massimo D'Alema, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs.  Following this, he joined the United Consumers group, and later founded his own party, the Citizens' Political Movement.

The Union (Italy)
The Union (Italian: L'Unione) was a heterogenous centre-left political and electoral alliance of political parties in Italy. The Union was the direct heir of The Olive Tree coalition which represented the centre-left in the 1996 and 2001 general elections. However, The Union also included parties of the radical left, which were not affiliated with The Olive Tree. The Union was led by Romano Prodi, Prime Minister of Italy from May 2006 to May 2008, and former President of the European Commission. Collapsing in the wake of the 2008 Italian political crisis, the alliance was succeeded by the current-day centre-left coalition.
Elk Creek (West Virginia)
Elk Creek is a tributary of the West Fork River, 29 miles (47 km) long, in north-central West Virginia, USA.  Via the West Fork, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 121 square miles (310 km2) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.  The stream is believed to have been named by an 18th-century trapper and hunter named John Simpson, who encountered herds of elk along the stream.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.