hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dick White
Sir Dick Goldsmith White, KCMG, KBE (20 December 1906 – 21 February 1993) was a British intelligence officer. He was Director General (DG) of MI5 from 1953 to 1956, and Head of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1956 to 1968.

Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service
The chief of the Secret Intelligence Service serves as the head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, also commonly known as MI6), which is part of the United Kingdom intelligence community. The chief is appointed by the foreign secretary, to whom they report directly. Annual reports are also made to the prime minister.

The chief of the Secret Intelligence Service typically signs letters with a "C" in green ink. This originates from the initial used by Captain Sir Mansfield Smith-Cumming, when he signed a letter "C" in green ink. Since then the chief has been known as "C".
Sir Hugh Massy, 1st Baronet
Sir Hugh Dillon Massy, 1st Baronet (c.1740 – 29 April 1807) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Massy was the son of the Very Reverend Charles Massy, Dean of Limerick and Ardfert. He was first elected to the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Limerick City in May 1761, but was not returned for the seat in the second vote of that year. He stood in County Clare in 1776, but was declared "not duly elected" and replaced by Sir Lucius O'Brien, 3rd Baronet. On 9 March 1782, Massy was made a baronet, of Donass in the County of Clare, in the Baronetage of Ireland. He was elected as the MP for Clare in 1783 and held the seat until 1790.

County Clare (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
County Clare was a constituency representing County Clare in the Irish House of Commons, the lower house in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland. It returned two members to the Parliament of Ireland from 1613 to 1800.

In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by James II, Clare was represented with two members.

Following the Acts of Union 1800, it was succeeded by the County Clare constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons.
Langatte
Langatte (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃ɡat]; German: Langd; Lorraine Franconian Lan(g)d) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. In 1805 it was the site of the Battle of Landbach between the French and the anti French coalition.

Langatte is located in Southeastern Moselle near Sarrebourg. It is one of the communes that share the Étang du Stock (a pond) with Kerprich-aux-Bois, Diane-Capelle, Rhodes and Fribourg. A leisure centre and a campsite have been installed near the pond. The new LGV Est part connecting Baudrecourt (where the High Speed Line ended before 2016) and Vendenheim has been built in Southern Moselle including Langatte and since 2016, TGV trains pass by here every day to connect Strasbourg, Paris and other destinations around France and Germany.

Vendenheim
Vendenheim (French pronunciation: [vɛndənaim] ⓘ; Alemannic: Vangene, Alsatian: Fangene) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department, Alsace, administrative region of Grand Est, northeastern France. It has been the eastern terminus of the LGV Est high-speed rail from Paris to Strasbourg since 2016.
Felix St. Vrain
Felix St. Vrain, born Felix August Antoine St. Vrain (March 23, 1799 – May 24, 1832), was an American United States Indian agent who was killed by Native Americans during the Black Hawk War. St. Vrain died along with three companions while on a mission to deliver dispatches from Dixon's Ferry to Fort Armstrong, both in Illinois. The incident has become known as the St. Vrain massacre.

He was the brother of Ceran St. Vrain, a St. Louis fur trader who was the partner of the Bent Brothers. Together they established Bent's Fort, the only privately held fort in the west. It is located at what is now La Junta, Otero County, Colorado.

La Junta, Colorado
La Junta HOON-tə is a home rule municipality in, the county seat of, and the most populous municipality in Otero County, Colorado, United States.  The city population was 7,322 at the 2020 United States census.  La Junta is located on the Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado 68 miles (109 km) east of Pueblo. The city is the home of Otero College and hosts the annual Tarantula Fest.
Sorbitol
Sorbitol (/ˈsɔː(r)bɪtɒl/), less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsɪtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH2OH). Most sorbitol is made from potato starch, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

As an over-the-counter drug, sorbitol is used as a laxative to treat constipation.

Sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase
In enzymology, sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.140) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are D-sorbitol 6-phosphate and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are fructose 6-phosphate (shown in its open-chain form), reduced NADH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-sorbitol-6-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include ketosephosphate reductase, ketosephosphate reductase, D-sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sorbitol-6-P-dehydrogenase, and D-glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.
Boham
Boham is a family name. Notable people with the surname include:

Noksong Boham (1948–2019), Indian politician

Sandra Boham, American academic administrator

Timothy J. Boham (born 1981), American murderer and former gay pornographic film actor

Sandra Boham
Sandra Lee Boham is an American academic administrator who served as the president of Salish Kootenai College (SKC) from 2016 to 2024. An enrolled member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, she has worked in Indian education for several decades, holding positions in public school districts, tribal non-profits, and higher education institutions. Following her retirement from the college presidency, she was appointed chief operating officer of the Native Forward Scholars Fund in 2024.
Murodjon Yuldoshev
Murodjon Yuldoshev (born 9 August 1995) is an Uzbekistani judoka. He won one of the bronze medals in the men's 73 kg event at the 2023 World Judo Championships held in Doha, Qatar.

In 2022, Yuldoshev won the silver medal in the men's 73 kg event at the Asian Judo Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. He competed in his event at the 2022 World Judo Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan where he was eliminated in his third match by eventual silver medalist Soichi Hashimoto of Japan. Two months later, he won one of the bronze medals in his event at the 2022 Judo World Masters held in Jerusalem, Israel.

Yuldoshev won one of the bronze medals in the men's 73 kg event at the 2023 World Judo Championships held in Doha, Qatar. He defeated Arthur Margelidon of Canada in his bronze medal match.

2022 World Judo Championships
The 2022 World Judo Championships was held at the Humo Ice Dome in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, from 6 to 13 October 2022 as part of the IJF World Tour and during the 2024 Summer Olympics qualification period, concluding with the mixed team event on its final day.
John Ferrers (died 1680)
John Ferrers (26 July 1629 – 14 August 1680) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons  in 1660.

Ferrers was the son of Sir Humphrey Ferrers of Tamworth Castle. In 1660, Ferrers was elected Member of Parliament for Derbyshire in the Convention Parliament.

Ferrers died at the age of  51 and was buried in Tamworth Church, where he was given a rich baroque monument.

Ferrers married  Anne Carleton, daughter of Sir Dudley Carleton of Imber Court. His son Humphrey predeceased him and Tamworth Castle and its titles passed to his granddaughter Anne, who married Robert Shirley.

Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Derbyshire is a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Knights of the Shire.
Novoukrainka, Zolotonosha Raion, Cherkasy Oblast
Novoukrainka (Ukrainian: Новоукраїнка) is a village in Zolotonosha Raion, Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine. The village is north of the Dnipro River, and has a post office, a football/soccer field, and the Kovrai river runs through it. It belongs to Chornobai settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Novoukrainka belonged to Chornobai Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Chornobai Raion was merged into Zolotonosha Raion.

Zolotonosha Raion
Zolotonosha Raion is a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at the city of Zolotonosha. Population: 135,445 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Zolotonosha Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Chornobai and Drabiv Raions, as well as the city of Zolotonosha, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Zolotonosha Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 39,349 (2020 est.).
Mapúa Cardinals basketball
The Mapúa Cardinals basketball program represents Mapúa University (MU) in men's basketball as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) (NCAA). The Mapúa Cardinals are one of the three NCAA seniors' basketball teams in Intramuros.

NCAA Season 91 basketball tournaments
The basketball tournaments of NCAA Season 91 were the Philippines' National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) tournaments for its 91st season. The Mapua Institute of Technology hosted the season, started with an opening ceremony held on June 27, 2015, at the Mall of Asia Arena followed by a double-header. Games are expected to be followed at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan, with two seniors and juniors games. The men's games are aired live by ABS-CBN Sports and Action and in High Definition on  Balls HD 167.
Evelia Edith Oyhenart
Evelia Edith Oyhenart (pen name, E. E. Oyhenart; August 3, 1955 – January 25, 2021) was an Argentine biological anthropologist, whose research focused on child growth, nutrition, and human adaptation. She served as a full professor, dean, and vice-dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum (FCNyM) of the National University of La Plata (UNLP). She was also the director of the Ontogeny and Adaptation Research Laboratory (LINOA) at UNLP.

Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This subfield of anthropology systematically studies human beings from a biological perspective.
Some Came Running (film)
Some Came Running is a 1958 American drama film directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin and Shirley MacLaine, based on the 1957 novel of the same name by James Jones. Set in 1948, it tells the story of a troubled army veteran and author who returns to his Midwestern home town after 16 years, to the chagrin of his wealthy, social-climbing brother.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, in a bid to duplicate the success of the Academy Award-winning film adaptation of Jones' earlier novel From Here to Eternity (1953), optioned the 1,200-plus-page book Some Came Running and cast Sinatra as the lead. Sinatra approved Dean Martin for the role of Bama in what would be their first film together. Martha Hyer garnered her only Oscar nomination, while Arthur Kennedy earned his fifth and final nomination, and MacLaine received her first of five. The film was released in CinemaScope and Metrocolor.

Metrocolor
Metrocolor is the trade name used by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) for films processed at their laboratory. Virtually all of these films were shot on Kodak's Eastmancolor film.

Although MGM used Kodak film products, MGM did not use all of Kodak's processes, and could not call their final product Eastmancolor. Kodak's products were used by MGM instead of having their film processed by Technicolor. MGM owned its own lab, located on its Culver City, California lot, until 1986, when it was sold by then-owner Ted Turner to Lorimar, which then sold it to a consortium including Technicolor.
New Orleans Metropolitan Police
The New Orleans Metropolitan Police was a racially integrated police force that existed in New Orleans from 1868 to 1877. It was formed by combining the parishes of Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard into a single police district known as the Metropolitan Police District, State of Louisiana.

In September 1874, it faced an attempted insurrection by the Crescent City White League against the Reconstruction Era Louisiana state government. The conflict was known as the Battle of Liberty Place. The insurrection was eventually put down by federal troops.

St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana
St. Bernard Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Bernard; Spanish: Parroquia de San Bernardo) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat and largest community is Chalmette. The parish was formed in 1807. St. Bernard Parish is part of the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area; the parish is located southeast of the city of New Orleans and comprises the Chandeleur Islands and Chandeleur Sound in the east.

St. Bernard was the fastest growing parish in Louisiana from 2010 to 2020, increasing from a population of 35,897 in the 2010 census to 43,764 in 2020. It remains at less than two-thirds of its 2000 population of 67,229, prior to Hurricane Katrina.
2008 Niuean general election
General elections were held in Niue on 7 June 2008. They were initially expected to be held in April, but were delayed until June 2008.  Niue has a 20-member legislative assembly, called the Niue Assembly, whose members are elected by approximately 600 registered voters. The assembly consists of 20 total members, 6 elected on a common roll and 14 representatives of the villages

Alofi
Alofi is the capital of the island nation of Niue. With a population of 610 in 2022, Alofi is the second-smallest national capital by population (after Ngerulmud, capital of Palau). It consists of two villages: Alofi North and Alofi South. They collectively serve as the capital, but of the two, Alofi South hosts more government buildings, as many were moved to the southern part after Cyclone Heta.
A&P Warehouse
The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P) Warehouse, located at 67 Vestry Street, is a historic building in the Tribeca section of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Originally a storage building, it was later converted to residential use and has since been historically linked to the New York City arts scene.

Loft
A loft is a building's upper storey or elevated area in a room directly under the roof (American usage), or just an attic: a storage space under the roof usually accessed by a ladder (primarily British usage). A loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial.
Braithwaite railway station
Braithwaite railway station was situated on the Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway between Penrith and Cockermouth in Cumbria, England. The station served the village of Braithwaite.

The station opened to passenger traffic on 2 January 1865. The station was host to six LMS caravans in 1934 and 1935 followed by eight caravans from 1936 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the London Midland Region from 1958 to 1964.

The station closed on 18 April 1966.

The station building survives as a private residence.

Penrith railway station
Penrith North Lakes (also shortened to Penrith) is a railway station on the West Coast Main Line, which runs between London Euston and Glasgow Central. Situated 17 miles 69 chains (28.7 km) south of Carlisle, it serves the market town of Penrith, in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. The station is owned by Network Rail and managed by Avanti West Coast.
Education in Denmark
Education in Denmark is compulsory (Danish: undervisningspligt) for children below the age of 15 or 16, even though it is not compulsory to attend Folkeskole ("public school"). The school years up to the age of fifteen/sixteen are known as Folkeskole, since any education has to match the level offered there. About 82% of young people take further education in addition to this. Government-funded education is usually free of charge and open to all. Denmark has a tradition of private schools and about 15.6% of all children at basic school level attend private schools, which are supported by a voucher system.

The Education Index, published with the UN's Human Development Index in 2008, based on data from 2013, lists Denmark as 0.873, amongst the highest in the world, beneath Australia, Finland and New Zealand.

Literacy in Denmark is approximately 99% for both men and women.

Gymnasium (Denmark)
The Danish gymnasium offers a 3-year general academically-oriented upper secondary program which builds on the 9th-10th form of the Folkeskole and leads to the upper secondary school exit examination (the studentereksamen). This qualifies a student for admission to higher education Preparatory, subject to the special entrance regulations applying to the individual higher education programmes. Colloquially, gymnasium refers to what is formally called STX.

Apart from the common academic gymnasium, there are other types of occupation-oriented upper secondary education in Denmark. The main ones are højere handelseksamen or HHX ("Higher Commercial Examination Programme"), højere teknisk eksamen or HTX ("Higher Technical Examination Programme"), and højere forberedelseseksamen or HF ("Higher Preparatory Examination Programme").
Severn River railway bridge, Dundee
The Severn River railway bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge that carries the Main Northern Line across the Severn River at Dundee, Glen Innes Severn, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Whitton in his capacity as Engineer-in-Chief for Railways and built in 1886. It is also known as Severn River Railway Viaduct. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

John Whitton
John Whitton (1820 near Wakefield, Yorkshire, England – 20 February 1898) was an Anglo–Australian railway engineer, who was the Engineer-in-Charge for the New South Wales Government Railways, serving between 1856 and 1890, considered the Father of New South Wales Railways. Under his supervision, it is estimated that 2,171 miles (3,494 km) of railway around New South Wales and Victoria were completed. Whitton was responsible for the construction of parts of the Main Western railway line, in particular the section over the Blue Mountains and the Lithgow Zig Zag, and much of the Main Southern railway line.
The Adventures of Robert Macaire
The Adventures of Robert Macaire (French: Les aventures de Robert Macaire) is a 1925 French silent comedy adventure film directed by Jean Epstein and starring Jean Angelo, Suzanne Bianchetti and Marquisette Bosky. It is based on the character Robert Macaire, originally created for an 1823 play by Benjamin Antier, Saint-Amand and Polyanthe. It was released as a serial in five episodes. It was shot at the studios of Albatros Film in Montreuil. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lazare Meerson.

Lazare Meerson
Lazare Meerson (1900–1938) was a French cinema art director. After emigrating from Soviet Russia in the early 1920s, he worked on French films of the late silent cinema and the early 1930s, particularly those directed by René Clair and Jacques Feyder. He worked in England during the last two years of his life. He had great influence on film set design in France in the years before World War II.
Turra Coo
The Turra Coo (Doric for "the Turriff Cow") was a white Ayrshire-Shorthorn cross dairy cow which lived near the Aberdeenshire town of Turriff in north-east Scotland in the early twentieth century. The cow became famous following a dispute between her owner, supported by local people, against the government over taxes and compulsory national insurance.

Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred with the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.  Dairy cattle generally are of the species Bos taurus.

Historically, little distinction was made between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.  Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.
Passionately (film)
Passionately (French: Passionnément) is a 1932 French musical comedy film directed by René Guissart and Louis Mercanton and starring Florelle, Fernand Gravey and René Koval. It was produced by the French subsidiary of Paramount Pictures and shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris. It is an operetta film, based on the 1926 stage work of the same title composed by André Messager.

Passionnément
Passionnément! (Passionately) is a comédie musicale in three acts with music by André Messager to a French libretto by Maurice Hennequin and lyrics by Albert Willemetz. The title comes from the refrain of a waltz-song in the second act. It premiered on 16 January 1926 at the Théâtre de la Michodière in Paris.
Facebook Zero
Facebook Zero is an initiative undertaken by social networking service company Facebook in collaboration with mobile phone-based Internet providers, whereby the providers waive data (bandwidth) charges (also known as zero-rate) for accessing Facebook on phones via a stripped-down text-only version of its mobile website (as opposed to the ordinary mobile website m.facebook.com that also loads pictures). The stripped-down version is available online only through providers who have entered the agreement with Facebook. Photos are not loaded by default. Users may still choose to view them by clicking through but regular data charges apply to photo use.

Text-based user interface
In computing, text-based user interfaces (TUI) (alternately terminal user interfaces, to reflect a dependence upon the properties of computer terminals and not just text), is a retronym describing a type of user interface (UI) common as an early form of human–computer interaction, before the advent of bitmapped displays and modern conventional graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Like modern GUIs, they can use the entire screen area and may accept mouse and other inputs. They may also use color and often structure the display using box-drawing characters such as ┌ and ╣. The modern context of use is usually a terminal emulator.