hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnold Daghani
Arnold Daghani (22 February 1909 in Suceava, Austria-Hungary – 6 April 1985 in Hove, United Kingdom) was a Romanian-born Jewish artist and writer and Holocaust survivor. In 1941 he and his wife Anisoara were arrested and sent to the Nazi labor camp of Mykhailivka (Mikhailowka) in Ukraine in 1941. Camp inmates worked on constructing Durchgangsstrasse IV, a major military road. While there Daghani chronicled his experiences in a diary and artwork which he managed to smuggle with himself when he escaped to Budapest in 1943. In 1947 he published these, first in Romanian, Groapa este în livada de visini, later translated into English under the title The Grave is in the Cherry Orchard appearing in ADAM International Review. After the war, he lived in Israel, France, Switzerland, and England.

Many of Arnold Daghani's works are held in The Arnold Daghani Collection at the University of Sussex, UK.

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Vegard Haukø Sklett
Vegard Haukø Sklett (born 10 February 1986) is a Norwegian former ski jumper.

He made his Continental Cup debut in August 2007, his best result being the victories from Sapporo and Bischofshofen in January 2009. He made his World Cup debut in January 2009 in Sapporo, finishing 24th.

Bischofshofen
Bischofshofen (German pronunciation: [bɪʃɔfsˈhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of St. Johann im Pongau in the Austrian federal state of Salzburg. It is an important traffic junction located both on the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway line and at the Tauern Autobahn, a major highway route crossing the main chain of the Alps.
Bummer/Blueberries
"Bummer/Blueberries" is the second episode of the second season of the American comedy-drama television series Louie. It is the 15th overall episode of the series and was written and directed by Louis C.K., who also serves as the lead actor, from a story he co-wrote with Pamela Adlon. It was released on FX on June 30, 2011.

The series follows Louie, a fictionalized version of C.K., a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. In the episode, Louie goes on a "non-date" with a friend, but a violent incident changes his views. Later, he accepts a woman's request for emotionless sex.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 1.28 million household viewers and gained a 0.7 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received critical acclaim, with critics praising the episode's emotional tone, themes and ending.

Louie season 2
The second season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on June 23, 2011, and concluded on September 8, 2011. It consisted of thirteen episodes, each running approximately 23 minutes in length. FX broadcast the second season on Thursdays at 10:30 pm in the United States. The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C.K., Dave Becky and M. Blair Breard. The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on June 19, 2012.

Louie was created, written and directed by Louis C.K., who stars as a fictionalized version of himself, a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City. The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series, consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments (described as "extended vignettes") that revolve around Louie's life, punctuated by live stand-up performances.

The season received critical acclaim from critics.
Carlo Festuccia
Carlo Festuccia (born 20 June 1980) is an Italian rugby union footballer. He started playing for L'Aquila Rugby, then moved to Gran Rugby. With both teams he competed in the Super 10 in Italy. His usual position is at hooker.

Festuccia was born in L'Aquila. He has also played for the Italian national team. He made his debut for the national team in a 2003 match against Wales, and was that same year, included in Italy's squad for the 2003 Rugby World Cup in Australia.

In 2007, he moved to France, signing with Top 14 side Racing Métro 92 and playing there for four seasons. Festuccia returned to Italy in 2011 to join the Pro12 side Aironi.

On 2 September 2013 it was announced that Festuccia would leave Zebre to join London Wasps in the Aviva Premiership.

Festuccia returned to Zebre 3 years later ahead of the 2016/17 season. On 23 January 2017, Festuccia resign with Wasps for the rest of 2016–17 season.

L'Aquila
L'Aquila (/ˈlækwɪlə/ LAK-wil-ə; Italian: [ˈlaːkwila] ⓘ; Neapolitan: [ˈlaːkwiːlə]) is the capital city of the region of Abruzzo in central Italy. With 70,421 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the second-largest city in the region. Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river, it is surrounded by the Apennine Mountains, with the Gran Sasso d'Italia to the north-east.

L'Aquila sits on a hillside in the middle of a narrow valley; the tall snow-capped mountains of the Gran Sasso massif flank the town. A maze of narrow streets, lined with Baroque and Renaissance buildings and churches, open onto elegant piazzas. Home to the University of L'Aquila, it is a lively college town and, as such, has many cultural institutions: a repertory theatre, a symphony orchestra, a fine art academy, a state conservatory and a film institute. There are several ski resorts in the surrounding province (Campo Imperatore, Ovindoli, Pescasseroli, Roccaraso, Scanno).
Abercynon railway station
Abercynon railway station serves the village of Abercynon in the Cynon Valley, Wales. It is located on the Merthyr Line, 15.5 miles (25 km) north of Cardiff Central. Passenger services are provided by Transport for Wales.

Signalling control
On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally exercised via a decentralised network of control points that were known by a variety of names including signal box (International and British) and interlocking tower (North America). London Underground call them signalling cabins, and the Great Central Railway referred to them as signal cabins. Currently these decentralised systems are being consolidated into wide scale signalling centres or dispatch offices. Whatever the form, signalling control provides an interface between the human signal operator and the lineside signalling equipment. The technical apparatus used to control switches (points), signals and block systems is called interlocking.
Zavodski District
Zavodski District (Belarusian: Заводскі раён, romanized: Zavodski rajon; Russian: Заводской район, romanized: Zavodskoy rayon) is an administrative division of the city of Minsk, the capital of Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 230,701.

It was formed in 1938 as Stalinsky District (Russian: Сталинский район, lit. 'Stalin District'); it was renamed in 1961 as Zavodskoy District (lit. 'Factory District') after the plants "Minsk Tractor Works" (MTZ) and "Minsk Automobile Plant" (MAZ) were constructed. The current borders of the district was approved on 10 November 1997 when the township "Sosny" was officially added to it.

Minsk Automobile Plant
Minsk Automobile Plant (shortened MAZ) (Belarusian: Адкрытaе Акцыянэрнaе Таварыства «Мінскі аўтамабільны завод», romanized: Adkrytaje Akcyjanernaje Tavarystva "Minski aŭtamabiĺny zavod", Russian: Минский автомобильный завод, romanized: Minskiy Avtomobilnyy Zavod) is a state-run automotive manufacturer association in Belarus, one of the largest in Eastern Europe.
Hijos de Rivera Brewery
Corporation Hijos de Rivera, LLC is a Spanish brewery founded in 1906 in the city of A Coruña, Galicia. It's engaged in the production, marketing and distribution of beverages. It's known by the name of its most popular beer brand, Estrella Galicia (a 5.5% abv Helles Exportbier).

Alcohol by volume
Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as alc/vol or ABV) is a common measure of the amount of alcohol contained in a given alcoholic beverage. It is defined as the volume the ethanol in the liquid would take if separated from the rest of the solution, divided by the volume of the solution, both at 20 °C (68 °F). Pure ethanol is lighter than water, with a density of 0.78945 g/mL (0.82353 oz/US fl oz; 0.79122 oz/imp fl oz; 0.45633 oz/cu in). The alc/vol standard is used worldwide. The International Organization of Legal Metrology has tables of density of water–ethanol mixtures at different concentrations and temperatures.

In some countries, e.g. France, alcohol by volume is often referred to as degrees Gay-Lussac (after the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac), although there is a slight difference since the Gay-Lussac convention uses the International Standard Atmosphere value for temperature, 15 °C (59 °F).
Rob Butler (politician)
Robert Butler OBE (born 19 June 1967) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aylesbury from 2019 to 2024. He served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Prisons and Probation between September and October 2022.

Minister of State for Prisons, Probation and Reducing Reoffending
The Minister of State for Prisons, Probation and Reducing Reoffending (or simply Prisons Minister) is a mid-level ministerial office in the Ministry of Justice.

On 5 July 2024 James Timpson was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer.
Keith Parker
Keith Edward Parker (born January 30, 1945) is an insurance agent and former political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Moose Jaw North from 1982 to 1986 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.

He was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, the son of Ernest E. Parker, and was educated at the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Regina. In 1965, Parker married Darlene Marie Anhorn. He was defeated by Glenn Hagel when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1986.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is the fourth largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lying on the Moose Jaw River in the south-central part of the province, it is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, 177 km (110 mi) east of Swift Current and 77 km (48 mi) west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161.

Moose Jaw is an industrial centre and a critical railway junction for the area's agricultural produce. CFB Moose Jaw, located a few kilometres south of the city, is a NATO flight training school and is home to the Snowbirds, Canada's military aerobatic air show flight demonstration team. Moose Jaw also has a casino and geothermal spa.
Güllübağ Dam
The Güllübağ Dam is a gravity dam near the town of Güllübağ on the Çoruh River in Erzurum Province, Turkey. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production. Construction on the river diversion tunnel began in 2009 and the dam was complete in 2012. That same year the first generator became operational and the final generator was operational in March 2013. Water from the dam is sent downstream through a 3,200 m (10,500 ft) long penstock where it reaches an 84 MW power station. The dam is part of the Çoruh Development Plan and it is owned by Turkey's State Hydraulic Works.

Penstock
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is of Scots origin, and was inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills, with penstocks diverting pond waters to drive the mills.
1993 French Open – Men's singles
Sergi Bruguera defeated two-time defending champion Jim Courier in the final, 6–4, 2–6, 6–2, 3–6, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1993 French Open. It was his first major singles title. Bruguera was the first Spaniard to win a major since Manuel Orantes in 1975.

As of 2025, Bruguera's 6–0, 6–0, 6–0 defeat of Thierry Champion in the second round is the most recent instance in which this scoreline has occurred in a Major match.

This tournament marked the first major main draw appearance of future world No. 1, French Open and Australian Open champion, and Olympic gold medalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov; he lost to Sláva Doseděl in the second round.

1975 US Open – Men's singles
Manuel Orantes defeated defending champion Jimmy Connors in the final, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1975 US Open. It was his first and only major singles title. Orantes saved five match points en route to the title, against Guillermo Vilas in the semifinals.

This was the first of three editions of the US Open to be held on clay courts, previously being played on grass courts.
Gary MacDonald (footballer)
Gary MacDonald (born 25 October 1979) is an English footballer who plays as a defender, and was most recently a player/assistant manager of Hungerford Town. He has made over 150 appearances in the Football League and the Conference Premier.

Havant & Waterlooville F.C.
Havant & Waterlooville Football Club is a professional association football club based in Havant, Hampshire, England. The club participates in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of English football, after relegation from the National League South in the 2023–24 season. The club formed in 1998 after a merger between Havant Town and Waterlooville. Nicknamed "The Hawks", they play at Westleigh Park.
Subgroup distortion
In geometric group theory, a discipline of mathematics, subgroup distortion measures the extent to which an overgroup can reduce the complexity of a group's word problem.  Like much of geometric group theory, the concept is due to Misha Gromov, who introduced it in 1993.

Formally, let S generate group H, and let G be an overgroup for H generated by S ∪ T.  Then each generating set defines a word metric on the corresponding group; the distortion of H in G is the asymptotic equivalence class of the function  where BX(x, r) is the ball of radius r about center x in X and diam(S) is the diameter of S.: 49

A subgroup with bounded distortion is called undistorted, and is the same thing as a quasi-isometrically embedded subgroup.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Ivan Opačak
Ivan Opačak (born 23 April 1980) is a Bosnian professional basketball coach and former player.

Opačak played for HKK Široki of the Adriatic League and Bosnian League. He previously played for Turów Zgorzelec.

Opačak was member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national basketball team at EuroBasket in 1999 and 2001.

Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top–tier men's professional basketball league in Bosnia and Herzegovina for men and women, respectively. The league is operated by the Basketball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2023 Japan Women's Open
The 2023 Japan Women's Open (also known as the Kinoshita Group Japan Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the twelfth edition of the Japan Women's Open, and part of the WTA 250 tournaments of the 2023 WTA Tour. It was held at the Utsubo Tennis Center in Osaka, Japan, from 11 to 17 September 2023. This was the first edition of the tournament since 2019, when it was held in Hiroshima. The 2020 and 2021 editions were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while the 2022 edition was cancelled for financial reasons.  Unseeded Ashlyn Krueger won the singles title.

Moyuka Uchijima
Moyuka Uchijima (内島 萌夏, Uchijima Moyuka; born 11 August 2001) is a Japanese professional tennis player of Malaysian extraction.
She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 47, achieved on 5 May 2025, and a doubles No. 86, reached on 21 July 2025. She has won 13 titles in singles and 11 in doubles on the ITF Circuit. She is the current Japanese No. 2 player.
View-limiting device
In aviation training, a view-limiting device simulates instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) by restricting a pilot's field of view only to the flight instruments. They are worn by pilots who are working toward an instrument rating, which allows a pilot to fly under instrument flight rules in conditions that do not permit visual flight. They are also used by instrument-rated pilots while practicing instrument flight to maintain competency.

Examples include foggles and the IFR hood. Foggles are glasses that have been frosted on the top half of the lenses to simulate foggy conditions.

In 2021 The Instrument Conditions Awareness Recognition and Understanding System (ICARUS) Smart View Limiting Device was developed. ICARUS uses Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film or Smart Glass to electronically change between simulated VMC and IMC to aid pilot training. This capability allows pilots to actually train for VFR into IMC which often leads to spatial disorientation.

Field of view
The field of view (FOV) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment. In the case of optical instruments or sensors, it is a solid angle through which a detector is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It is further relevant in photography.
COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).  The virus was confirmed to be in the islands on 3 April 2020.  During the first wave, the number of cases peaked at 13, with all being from the military base at Mount Pleasant leaving none from the general population.  All 13 patients recovered.  On 10 November, a new case was discovered. As of 4 May 2022 a total of 195 people were confirmed to have been infected.

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 2,974. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,662 on Census Day – 10 October 2021.

Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: Stacy Bragger, Barry Elsby, Mark Pollard, Roger Spink, and Leona Vidal Roberts. An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973.

On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent, formally awarding it city status.
The Magical Monarch of Mo
The Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo and His People (copyright registered June 17, 1896) is the first full-length children's fantasy novel by L. Frank Baum. Originally published in 1899 as A New Wonderland, Being the First Account Ever Printed of the Beautiful Valley, and the Wonderful Adventures of Its Inhabitants, the book was reissued in 1903 with a new title in order to capitalize upon the alliterative title of Baum's successful The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The book is only slightly altered—Mo is called Phunniland or Phunnyland, but aside from the last paragraph of the first chapter, they are essentially the same book.  It is illustrated by Frank Ver Beck.

The Patchwork Girl of Oz
The Patchwork Girl of Oz is the seventh book in L. Frank Baum's Oz series. Characters include the Woozy, Ojo "the Unlucky", Unc Nunkie, Dr. Pipt, Scraps (the patchwork girl), and others. The novel was first published on July 1, 1913, with illustrations by John R. Neill. In 1914, Baum adapted the book to film through his Oz Film Manufacturing Company. The book was followed by Tik-Tok of Oz (1914).

In the previous Oz book, The Emerald City of Oz, magic was used to isolate Oz from all contact with the outside world. Baum did this to end the Oz series, but was forced to restart the series with this book due to financial hardship. In the prologue, he reconciles Oz's isolation with the appearance of a new Oz book by explaining that he contacted Dorothy in Oz via a wireless telegraph, and she obtained Ozma's permission to tell Baum this story.
Keith Wilson (shearer)
Keith Wilson is a New Zealand sheep shearer. He holds the unofficial world record for shearing 871 sheep in one day in December 1999.

Prior to the 9 hour strongwool lamb record attempt by Rodney Sutton (839 lambs in 9 hours) in 2000, Wilson shore 851 unprepared lambs.  Wilson was quoted as saying "I wanted to show Rodney that it could be done".

In a 24-hour shearing marathon, New Zealand's Alan MacDonald and Wilson machine-sheared 2,220 sheep at Warkworth, Auckland Province, New Zealand. The "Shearathon" commenced at 1 pm on 25 June 1988 and concluded at 1 pm on 26 June 1988.

Wilson & Paul Kemp held the 2 stand strongwool lamb record, set in 1981.  The pair shore 1513 lambs in 9 hours at Tikorangi Station, Portland, New Zealand. As a young shearer, Wilson once shore 176 strongwool ewes in 2 hours.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
Carposina gemmata
Carposina gemmata is a moth of the family Carposinidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Hawaii.

Larvae have been recorded on the buds and fruits of Clermontia and Cyanea species.

Carposinidae
Carposinidae, the "fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. These moths are narrower winged than Copromorphidae, with less rounded forewing tips. Males often have conspicuous patches of scales on either surface (Dugdale et al., 1999). The mouthparts are quite diagnostic, usually with prominent, upcurved "labial palps", the third segment long (especially in females), and the second segment covered in large scales. Unlike Copromorphidae, the "M2" and sometimes "M1" vein on the hindwings is absent. The relationship of Carposinidae relative to Copromorphidae needs further investigation. It is considered possible that the family is artificial, being nested within Copromorphidae (Dugdale et al., 1999). The Palearctic species have been revised by Alexey Diakonoff (1989).