hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nanni Cagnone
Nanni Cagnone (born in 1939 in Carcare, Liguria) is an Italian poet, novelist, essayist and playwright. He debuted as a poet in 1954 and since then has written several books, mostly poetry but also plays, tales and novels, theoretical essays and aphorisms, from The Disabled Youth (1967) to The Oslo Lecture (2008). He is the brother of the artist Angelo Cagnone, and is married to Sandra Holt. Currently lives in Bomarzo.

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Walter Herbert Allcott
Walter Herbert Allcott (1889-1951) was born in Ladywood in Birmingham. He trained at the Birmingham School of Art from 1897 to 1901. While he began painting oil portraits, he later worked primarily in watercolour and pastel, depicting landscapes and architectural subjects.

He moved to Chipping Camden in Gloucestershire in 1919. In 1920 he became member of the Royal Watercolour Society. In 1921, William John Wainwright, a prominent member of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists, proposed that he become a member. There, over the period between 1899 and 1939 he exhibited over 200 works.

He travelled widely, frequently travelling to Italy in the 1920s and therefore his subjects are from all over Europe.

Birmingham School of Art
The Birmingham School of Art was a municipal art school based in the centre of Birmingham, England. Although the organisation was absorbed by Birmingham Polytechnic in 1971 and is now part of Birmingham City University's Faculty of Arts, Design and Media, its Grade I listed building on Margaret Street remains the home of the university's Department of Fine Art and is still commonly referred to by its original title.
Kara-Buura Pass
Kara-Buura Pass (Kyrgyz: Кара-Буура ашуусу) is a pass in Talas Province of Kyrgyzstan. It is located at Talas Alatau at the elevation of 3,305 m (10,843 ft) on the route connecting Talas and Chatkal valleys. The pass is located at the headwaters of Kara-Buura (left tributary of Talas River) and Karakysmak (right tributary of Chatkal river). The road to Kara-Buura Pass typically opens in June and closes in September–October. The road of national significance М-109 (as per the national road classification) connecting Shamaldy-Say, Kerben, Ala-Buka, Kanysh-Kyya, and Kyzyl-Adyr crosses the pass.

Chatkal
The Chatkal (Russian: Чаткал) is a river of Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyzstan and Tashkent Region in Uzbekistan. It is the left source river of the Chirchiq in the Syr Darya basin. In its upper course it is called Karakulja.

The length of the river is 223 kilometres (139 mi), with a basin area of 7,110 square kilometres (2,750 sq mi). It originates at the point where Chatkal Range adjoins Talas Ala-Too Range. Its largest tributaries are the Aksuu, Kokuybel, Avletim, Ters and Nayza (Oqbuloq) from the left, and the Karakysmak, Beshterek, Chandalash and Köksuu from the right.

The average rate of water flow near the mouth is 122 cubic metres per second (4,300 cu ft/s), with a maximum 920 cubic metres per second (32,000 cu ft/s).
Kouzemt
Kouzemt is a town and rural commune in Chichaoua Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 4540 people living in 828 households.

Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz
Marrakesh–Tensift–El Haouz (Arabic: مراكش تانسيفت الحوز) was formerly one of the 16 regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It was situated in central Morocco. It covered an area of 31,160 km² and had a population of  3,576,673  (2014 census). The capital is Marrakesh. In 2015, the region annexed Safi and Youssoufia Provinces (both formerly from the Doukkala-Abda Region) to become the Region of Marrakesh-Safi.
1886 North Monaghan by-election
The 1886 North Monaghan by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Monaghan on 10 February 1886. Tim Healy of the Irish Parliamentary Party had won the seat in the  general election of 1885, but having been elected also in South Londonderry, he chose to sit for the latter. The North Monaghan seat thus became vacant, and in the ensuing by-election, Patrick O'Brien of the Irish Parliamentary Party was elected, defeating his Conservative opponent, Dr Hall, by 4,015 votes to 2,551, a slightly increased majority from the general election.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Whoami
In computing, whoami is a command found on most Unix-like operating systems, Intel iRMX 86, every Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows Server 2003, and on ReactOS. It is a concatenation of the words "Who am I?" and prints the effective username of the current user when invoked.

User (computing)
A user is a person who uses a computer or network service. A user typically has a user account and is recognized by the system through a username. Some software products provide services to other systems and have no direct end users.
Hideo Hiraoka
Hideo Hiraoka (平岡 秀夫, Hiraoka Hideo; born 14 January 1954) is a Japanese politician and lawyer in the House of Representatives who served as the Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2012. He is a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party, having previously being a member of the Democratic Party of Japan. As a representative, he has represented the 2nd District of Yamaguchi prefecture and the Chūgoku proportional representation block.

Yamaguchi 2nd district
Yamaguchi 2nd district (山口県第2区 Yamaguchi-ken dai-ni-ku) is a single-member electoral district for the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. It is located in Eastern Yamaguchi and consists of the cities of Kudamatsu, Iwakuni, Hikari, Yanai, and Shūnan as well as the districts of Kuga, Kumage and Ōshima.

While Yamaguchi is generally a stronghold for the Liberal Democratic Party, the 2nd district has historically been regarded as a swing seat with closer margins of victory.
Ardencote Manor
Ardencote Manor is a hotel and former manor house located 0.5 miles (0.8 km) north of the village of Claverdon, Warwickshire, England.

The manor was originally built in 1863 as a dowry house for Mary Phillips, the daughter of a Manchester based wool merchant Thomas. The property passed through several owners until it was purchased in 1980 by a consortium with the idea of turning it into a hotel and country club. After several defaulted attempts the current owner, a Mr Huckerby, took it over in 1996 and finally got the project off the ground.

At present the hotel has conference rooms, spa facilities, a swimming pool, tennis courts and an 18-hole golf course.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Adrian P. Winkel
Adrian Paul Winkel (April 19, 1915 – November 29, 1994) was an American politician and High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Born in Breckenridge, Minnesota, Winkel graduated from Saint John's University in Minnesota. After teaching high school in Minnesota and Wisconsin, he worked with the Minnesota Commissioner of Taxation, the public works department of Saint Paul, Minnesota and the United States Post Office.  He also served as an administrative assistant to Congressmen Eugene McCarthy and Philip Burton and was chairman of the Minnesota Democratic Farmer-Labor Party. He served as High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1977 to 1981.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
The Way of the Exploding Fist
The Way of the Exploding Fist is a 1985 fighting game developed by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for the Commodore 64. It was later ported to Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, BBC Micro, Acorn Electron and Commodore 16. It is based on Japanese martial arts. The development team consisted of Gregg Barnett, Bruce Bayley, Neil Brennan and David Johnston.

Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts refers to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan. At least three Japanese terms (budō, bujutsu, and bugei) are used interchangeably with the English phrase Japanese martial arts.

The usage of the term budō (武道) to mean martial arts is a modern one: historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual and moral dimensions with a focus on self-improvement, fulfillment or personal growth. The terms bujutsu (武術) and bugei (武芸) have different meanings from budō, at least historically speaking. Bujutsu refers specifically to the practical application of martial tactics and techniques in actual combat. Bugei refers to the adaptation or refinement of those tactics and techniques to facilitate systematic instruction and dissemination within a formal learning environment.
Susan Gilmore
Susan Gilmore (born 24 November 1954) is an English actress with a number of television credits to her name, including Elizabeth Fitt in the BBC hospital drama Angels and Avril Rolfe in Howards' Way. She was also a cast member in the thriller serial Maelstrom.

Gilmore was married to rower Daniel Topolski, until his death in February 2015.

Angels (TV series)
Angels is a British television seasonal drama series dealing with the subject of student nurses, which was broadcast by the BBC between 1975 and 1983. It was described as the "Z-Cars of nursing".

The show's format switched to a twice-weekly soap opera format (although still seasonal) from 1979 to 1983.
Western Wall Tunnel riots
The Western Wall Tunnel riots erupted on 24 September 1996, lasting primarily for four days, with smaller isolated outbreaks of violence occurring after this period. This conflict was the first between the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) and the newly created Palestinian National Security Forces (NSF). The protests and riots were initially contained within Jerusalem, but over the week spread to cities and towns across the West Bank and Gaza, resulting in 59 Palestinians and 16 Israelis being killed along with hundreds of wounded.

The demonstrations started in the morning of 24 September in Old Jerusalem, following the opening of a second entrance into the Western Wall Tunnel in the Via Dolorosa within the Muslim Quarter of the city.

Via Dolorosa
The Via Dolorosa (Latin for 'Sorrowful Way', often translated as 'Way of Suffering'; Arabic: طريق الآلام; Hebrew: ויה דולורוזה), sometimes known as the Via Crucis (Latin for 'Way of Cross'; Arabic: درب الصليب, lit. 'Via Crucis'; Hebrew: ויה קרוסיס) is a processional route in the Old City of Jerusalem. It represents the path that Jesus took, forced by the Roman soldiers, on the way to his crucifixion. The winding route from the former Antonia Fortress to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre—a distance of about 600 metres (2,000 ft)—is a celebrated place of Christian pilgrimage. The current route has been established since the 18th century, replacing various earlier versions. It is today marked by 14 Stations of the Cross, nine of which are outside, in the streets, with the remaining five stations being currently inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Vajara
Vajara (Tibetan: གནམ་ལྕགས་, Wylie: gnam lcags; Chinese: 天杵; pinyin: Tiān Chǔ; lit. 'Heaven Pestle') is Tibet's oldest and most famous rock and roll band. Founded in 1999 by six Tibetan people, the band creates modern music with elements from Tibetan opera, blues, and rap. Tenzin Dawa, the band's founder, was influenced by both Chinese rock acts such as Cui Jian and American rock bands like Nirvana but desired to forge a style separate from either genre. Vajara's songs are sung in both Tibetan and Chinese, with lyrical themes that address social issues such as greed and environmentalism. The band's main performing venue is a musical bar in Tibet's provincial capital of Lhasa.

Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan.
Whitchurch, Herefordshire
Whitchurch is a village in Herefordshire situated on the A40, connecting nearby Ross-on-Wye to Welsh town Monmouth. It is located within the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Whitchurch parish encompasses the areas of Symonds Yat (West), Lewstone and the Great Doward. These areas are served by the Whitchurch and Ganarew Group Parish Council.

Monmouth
Monmouth (/ˈmɒnməθ/ MON-məth or /ˈmʌn-/ MUN-; Welsh: Trefynwy, lit. 'Town on the Monnow') is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, situated on where the River Monnow joins the River Wye, two miles (three kilometres) from the Wales–England border. The population in the 2011 census was 10,508, rising from 8,877 in 2001. Monmouth was the county town of historic Monmouthshire, although Abergavenny is the largest settlement and Monmouthshire County Council has its main offices at Rhadyr, just outside Usk. Monmouth is in the UK Parliament constituency of Monmouthshire and the Senedd constituency of Monmouth.

The town was the site of a small Roman fort, Blestium, and became established after the Normans built Monmouth Castle c. 1067. The medieval stone gated bridge is the only one of its type remaining in Britain. The castle later came into the possession of the House of Lancaster, and was the birthplace of King Henry V in 1386.
2006 ECM Prague Open
The 2006 ECM Prague Open, known also as 2006 ECM Prague Open by Ceska Sporitelna for sponsorship reasons, was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague, Czech Republic from 8 to 14 May 2006. It was the 15th edition of the men's tournament which was part of the 2006 ATP Challenger Series and the 5th edition of the women's tournament which was part of the 2006 WTA Tour as a Tier IV tournament.

Nikola Fraňková
Nikola Fraňková (born 7 February 1988) is a Czech former tennis player.

In her career, Fraňková won one singles title and 18 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 9 March 2009, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of 249. Her best doubles ranking was 157 on 14 September 2009.

Fraňková won four $25,000 doubles events in 2006, and in 2009 participated in three WTA Tour qualifying draws, at Warsaw, Portorož and Tashkent, losing in the first round in each.
Kayamkulam vaal
The Kayamkulam vaal (lit. 'Kayamkulam sword') is a double-edged sword that was used by the rulers and soldiers (mostly in Travancore), in Kayamkulam, a princely state of India. An example is on display at the Krishnapuram Palace Museum in Kayamkulam.

It is said to have been used by the Kayamkulam Rajas in the 18th century.

Onattukara
Odanad (Malayalam: ōṭānāṭŭ, also known as Onattukara,Kayamkulam, Onad, Kallikoilon and Chirava Svaroopam) was a feudal state in late medieval Kerala.

It was established in the 11th century, and disestablished in 1746 when it became part of Travancore Kingdom after the King Marthanda Varma's northern expedition. The last king of Odanad was King Kotha Varma. At the time of its dissolution, it was composed of the present-day taluks of Mavelikkara, Karthikapally, Chenganur in the Alappuzha district and Karunagapally in the Kollam district. Another name of onattukara is kayamkulam. In the 15th century, the capital of Odanad was moved from Kandiyoor-Muttom to Eruva and Krishnapuram in Kayamkulam, which led to the state being called Kayamkulam. After this shift, Kayamkulam became the commercial centre of Odanad, while Mavelikkara remained its cultural centre. Odanad was controlled by Nair lords, among whom the ruler of Kayamkulam was the most prominent.
Central Conference
The Central Conference was a junior college athletic conference with member schools located in Central California that operated from 1928 to 1979. The conference formed in 1928 as the 
Central California Junior College Association (CCJCA) at a meeting at Bakersfield Junior College—now known as Bakersfield College. Eight junior colleges were represented at the meeting: Bakersfield, California Polytechnic School—now known as California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Fresno City College, Porterville College, Reedley College, Santa Maria Junior College—now known as Allan Hancock College, Visalia Junior College—now known as College of the Sequoias, Taft College

The Central Conference dissolved in 1979.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
1992 SCCA Pro Racing World Challenge
The 1992 SCCA Pro Racing World Challenge was the third running of the Sports Car Club of America's World Challenge series. It was the first not to be sponsored by Escort radar detectors. The series would not receive another corporate sponsor until its acquisition by SpeedVision in 1999. It included a 24-hour race at Mosport Park. It would be the final year with four or more groups until 1996. The season would also mark the end of the endurance racing the series was founded upon, gradually phased out until by 1999 its endurance races were replaced with one-hour sprints. The classes were changed from World Challenge, Super Production, and Super Sport to A, B, C, and D.

Canadian Tire Motorsport Park
Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport Park and Mosport International Raceway) is a multi-track motorsport venue located north of Bowmanville in Clarington, Ontario, Canada, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) east of Toronto. The facility features a 3.957 km (2.459 mi), 10-turn road course; a 2.9 km (1.8 mi) advance driver and race driver training facility with a 0.402 km (0.250 mi) skid pad (Driver Development Centre) and a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) kart track (Mosport Karting Centre Inc., previously "Mosport Kartways"). The name "Mosport", a portmanteau of Motor Sport, came from the enterprise formed to build the track.
× Epilaeliocattleya
× Epilaeliocattleya, abbreviated Eplc. in the horticultural trade, is the nothogenus consisting of all intergeneric orchid hybrids descended from at least one species in each of the parent genera (Epidendrum, Laelia and Cattleya), and from no other natural genera.

Epidendrum
Epidendrum /ˌɛpɪˈdɛndrəm/, abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,500 species,  some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek επί, epi and δένδρον, dendron, "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit.

When Carl Linnaeus named this genus in 1763, he included in this genus all the epiphytic orchids known to him. Although few of these orchids are still included in the genus Epidendrum, some species of Epidendrum are nevertheless not epiphytic.
Myocardin
Myocardin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOCD gene.

Myocardin is a smooth muscle cell and cardiac muscle cell-specific transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF). When expressed in smooth muscle precursor cells and abnormally in nonmuscle cells, myocardin can induce smooth muscle cell differentiation.  Myocardin can also function in the differentiation of myocardial cells.

Nuclear protein
A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus. Proteins are transported inside the nucleus with they help of the nuclear pore complex, which acts a barrier between cytoplasm and nuclear membrane. Many nuclear proteins contain positively charged amino acids such as Lysine and Arginine which acts as a signal to allow the protein to get transported into the nucleus while maintaining their fold. The import and export of proteins through the nuclear pore complex plays a fundamental role in gene regulation and other biological functions.

The Nuclear Protein Database (NPD) is a database of around 1,000 proteins localized to the vertebrate cell nucleus. Proteins are searchable by name, motif, nuclear compartment or a keyword term.