hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
V2. Escape from Hell
V2. Escape from Hell (Russian: Девятаев, romanized: Devyatayev) is a 2021 Russian prison action thriller war biopic film directed by Timur Bekmambetov. The film stars Thure Riefenstein, Pavel Priluchny, Pavel Chinarev and Darya Zlatopolskaya. Based on a true story, portions of Soviet Mikhail Devyatayev's autobiography form the basis of a World War II film produced by Bazelevs Company. The film is the first large-scale vertical format film featuring dynamic aerial combat. Mikhail Devyatayev enrolled at the Soviet Air Forces to fight in the Great Patriotic War. In July 1944, while on a sortie for the 1st Ukrainian Front, his plane was shot down and he was captured by the Wehrmacht. In the most difficult conditions, Devyatayev managed to develop and implement an escape plan from Hitler's heavily guarded Usedom prison, which used prisoners to build the V-2 rocket. The film had a wide release on 29 April 2021.

Vertical video
A vertical video is a video created either by a camera or computer that is intended for viewing in portrait mode, producing an image that is taller than it is wide. It thus sits in opposition to the multiple horizontal formats normalised by cinema and television, which trace their lineage from the proscenium theatre, Western landscape painting traditions, and the human visual field.

Vertical video has historically been shunned by professional video creators because it does not fit the aspect ratio of established moving image forms, such as film and television, as well as newer web-based video players such as YouTube, meaning that black spaces appeared on either side of the image. However, the popularity of mobile video apps such as Snapchat and especially TikTok, which use the more mobile-friendly portrait format, have led to an increase in the production of vertical videos by advertising companies.
Borrett
Borrett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Borrett (1916–2000), British Anglican Archdeacon

Christopher Borrett (born 1979), British cricketer

George Borrett (1868–1952), Royal Navy officer

Norman Borrett (1917–2004), British sportsman

Oswald Borrett (1878–1950), British Army officer

Paul Borrett (born 1944), British cricketer

Sheila Borrett (1905–1986), British pioneer broadcaster

Charles Borrett
The Ven. Charles Walter Borrett (15 September 1916 – 30 November 2000) was Archdeacon of Stoke-on-Trent from 1956 to 1970.

Borrett was educated at Framlingham College, Emmanuel College, Cambridge and Ridley Hall, Cambridge; and ordained deacon in 1941, and priest in  1943. After curacies at Newmarket and Wolverhampton he was Vicar of Tettenhall Regis from 1949 to 1971.  He was Rural Dean of Trysull from 1958 to 1971; Prebendary of Flixton in Lichfield Cathedral from 1964 to 1971;  Priest in charge of Sandon from 1975 to 1982; and an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen from 1980 to 1986.
1966 LPGA Tour
The 1966 LPGA Tour was the 17th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from March 17 to December 4. The season consisted of 32 official money events. Kathy Whitworth won the most tournaments, nine. She also led the money list with earnings of $33,517.

The season saw the first tournament in Canada, the Supertest Ladies Open. An unofficial event, The Lagunita Invitational, was played in Venezuela. This was the last year that the Titleholders Championship, an LPGA major, would be played in Georgia. It would return for one final year in 1972. The LPGA introduced the Player of the Year in 1966, won by Kathy Whitworth. There were two first-time winners in 1966: Gloria Ehret and Sandra Spuzich.

The tournament results and award winners are listed below.

Supertest Ladies Open
The Supertest Ladies Open was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1966 to 1969. It was played in Ontario, Canada at the Sunningdale Golf Club in London from 1966 to 1967 and at the Bayview Golf & Country Club in Thornhill from 1968 to 1969. It was the first LPGA Tour event to be played in Canada. The title sponsor was Supertest Petroleum, a Canadian petroleum company.
Thalassiosira pseudonana
Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric  Bulka diatoms. It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing. T. pseudonana was selected for this study because it is a model for diatom physiology studies, belongs to a genus widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, and has a relatively small genome at 34 mega base pairs. Scientists are researching on diatom light absorption, using the marine diatom of Thalassiosira. The diatom requires a high enough concentration of CO2 in order to utilize C4 metabolism.

The clone of T. pseudonana that was sequenced is CCMP 1335 and is available from the National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. This clone was originally collected in 1958 from Moriches Bay (Long Island, New York) and has been maintained continuously in culture.

Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, founded in 1974, is an independent, non-profit oceanography research institute. The Laboratory's research ranges from microbial oceanography to the large-scale biogeochemical processes that drive ocean ecosystems and health of the entire planet.

The institute's LEED Platinum laboratory is located on its research and education campus in East Boothbay, Maine. Bigelow Laboratory supports the work of over 100 scientists and staff. The majority of the institute's funding comes from federal and state grants and contracts, philanthropic support, and licenses and contracts with the private sector.
OREOcube
OREOcube (ORganics Exposure in Orbit cube) is an experiment designed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with the NASA that will investigate the effects of solar and cosmic radiation on selected organic compounds. It will consist in a 12-month orbital study of the effects of the outer space environment on astrobiologically relevant materials in an external exposure facility on the International Space Station (ISS).

The project was originally aimed to be launched in 2016, however as of 2024 it has not yet been launched  will examine the evolution of complex organic molecules in outer space, as well as the forms in which prebiotic organic compounds has been preserved. It will also study the role that solid mineral surfaces play in the photo-chemical evolution, transport, and distribution of organics. The principal investigator is Pascale Ehrenfreund.

Principal investigator
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.

A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
Yong–Xun Yue
Yong–Xun (Jyutping: Jung1 cam4, 邕潯方言), is a western branch of Yue Chinese spoken in some cities and towns in Guangxi province, including Nanning, Yongning, Guiping, Chongzuo, Ningming, Hengzhou, Baise, etc. This branch originates from Guangfu Yue and is therefore close to Standard Cantonese. It also absorbed some phonemes and words from the local languages Pinghua and Zhuang.

Baise
Baise (Chinese: 百色; pinyin: Bǎisè, Bósè; local pronunciation: paːk˧˥ ɬɐk˥), or Bose, is the westernmost prefecture-level city of Guangxi, China bordering Vietnam as well as the provinces of Guizhou and Yunnan. At the end of 2024, the registered population of the city was 4,214,900, and the resident population of the city was 3,464,700, of which the urban resident population was 1,636 million, accounting for 47.22% of the resident population (the urbanization rate of the resident population).

The name is from Youjiang Zhuang Baksaek, meaning "in, or blocking, a mountain pass". The name Bwzswz is the Zhuang transliteration of the Chinese name.
Taisha Station
Taisha Station (大社駅, Taisha-eki) was a railway station in the city of Izumo, Shimane, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company. The station opened on June 1, 1912 and closed on April 1, 1990 due to lack of ridership along with the entire line. The station building was designated as Important Cultural Property in 2004 and a Heritage of Industrial Modernization in 2009.

Izumo, Shimane
Izumo (出雲市, Izumo-shi) is a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 172,841 in 69,435 households and a population density of 280 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 624.36 square kilometers (241.07 sq mi).
Knettishall Heath
Knettishall Heath is a 91.7-hectare (227-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Knettishall in Suffolk, England. A larger area of 176 hectares is the Knettishall Heath Nature Reserve, which is managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.

Despite its name, Knettishall Heath is in fact a diverse mosaic of habitats with woodland and riverside meadows, as well as large areas of heath.

Wet meadow
A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated for part or all of the growing season which prevents the growth of trees and brush. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar.
Cross-cutting concern
In aspect-oriented software development, cross-cutting concerns are aspects of a program that affect several modules, without the possibility of being encapsulated in any of them.
These concerns often cannot be cleanly decomposed from the rest of the system in both the design and implementation, and can result in either scattering (code duplication), tangling (significant dependencies between systems), or both.

For instance, if writing an application for handling medical records, the indexing of such records is a core concern, while logging a history of changes to the record database or user database, or an authentication system, would be cross-cutting concerns since they interact with more parts of the program.

Duplicate code
In computer programming, duplicate code is multiple occurrences of equivalent source code in a codebase. A duplicate code fragment is also known as a code clone, and the process of finding clones in source code is called clone detection. Duplicate code has multiple undesirable aspects.

Whether fragments are classified as duplicate can be subjective. Fragments that are very small – such as a single statement – are probably not classified as duplicate. Additionally, fragments that is not exactly the same text might be considered duplicate code if they match except for less important aspects such as whitespace, comments and variable names. Even fragments that are only functionally equivalent may be classified as duplicate.
Strikeforce: At The Mansion II
Strikeforce: At the Mansion II was a mixed martial arts event held on September 20, 2008.  The event took place at the Playboy Mansion in Beverly Hills, California. In addition to the event, all guests were entitled to a top-shelf, open bar; buffet-style, gourmet dinner; and wine tasting party featuring the spirits of various California gold medal wineries.

Wine tasting
Wine tasting is the sensory examination and evaluation of wine. While the practice of wine tasting is as ancient as its production, a more formalized methodology has slowly become established from the 14th century onward. Modern, professional wine tasters (such as sommeliers or buyers for retailers) use a constantly evolving specialized terminology which is used to describe the range of perceived flavors, aromas and general characteristics of a wine. More informal, recreational tasting may use similar terminology, usually involving a much less analytical process for a more general, personal appreciation.

Results that have surfaced through scientific blind wine tasting suggest the unreliability of wine tasting in both experts and consumers, such as inconsistency in identifying wines based on region and price.
Swamper (occupational title)
Swamper is an occupational slang term for an assistant worker (unskilled helper, maintenance person, or someone who performs odd jobs) in support of a skilled worker.  According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term has its origins circa 1857 in the southern United States to refer to a workman who cleared roads for a timber feller in a swamp.

Skill (labor)
Skill is a measure of the amount of worker's expertise, specialization, wages, and supervisory capacity. Skilled workers are generally more trained, higher paid, and have more responsibilities than unskilled workers.

Skilled workers have long had historical import (see division of labour) as masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, brewers, coopers, printers and other occupations that are economically productive. Skilled workers were often politically active through their craft guilds.
Migrant domestic workers
Migrant domestic workers are (according to the International Labour Organization’s Convention No. 189 and the International Organization for Migration) any persons "moving to another country or region to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family," engaged in a work relationship performing "in or for a household or households."

Domestic work itself encompasses an array of tasks and services that vary depending on country, age, gender, ethnic background and migration status of the workers involved.

Prominent discussions on the topic include the status of workers, reasons behind the pursue in this labour, recruitment and employment practices in the field, and various measures being undertaken to change the conditions of domestic work among migrants.

Private sphere
The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere. The private sphere is a certain sector of societal life in which an individual enjoys a degree of authority and tradition, unhampered by interventions from governmental, economic or other institutions. Examples of the private sphere are high society, religion, sex, family and home.

In public-sphere theory, on the bourgeois model, the private sphere is that domain of one's life in which one works for oneself. In that domain, people work, exchange goods, and maintain their families; it is therefore, in that sense, separate from the rest of society.
Mount Witherspoon
Mount Witherspoon is a 12,012-foot-elevation (3,661-meter) glaciated summit located 36 mi (58 km) northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is set on land managed by Chugach National Forest. This remote mountain, fifth-highest in the Chugach range, is situated 4.33 mi (7 km) northwest of Mount Einstein, with the heads of Yale Glacier and Columbia Glacier between the summits. It is the second-highest peak in the Dora Keen Range, which is the 25-miles-long divide separating Harvard Glacier from Yale Glacier. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1928 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to honor David C. Witherspoon, a U.S. Geological Survey topographer for 30 years, "who at the time of his retirement in 1921 had mapped a greater area of Alaska than any other man." The first ascent of Mount Witherspoon was made June 25, 1957, by David Bohn, Arthur Maki Jr., Martin Mushkin, and Lawrence E. Nielsen.

Chugach National Forest
The Chugach National Forest is a 6,908,540-acre (27,958 km2) United States National Forest in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
Fang Keli
Fang Keli (Chinese: 方克立; pinyin: Fāng Kèlì; 28 June 1938 – 21 April 2020) was a Chinese New Confucian philosopher and a member of the Chinese Communist Party. He was best known for his work in New Confucianism and his theories which attempt to fusion Marxism and Chinese culture.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
1977 Clare Senior Hurling Championship
The 1977 Clare Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.

Newmarket-on-Fergus entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 2 October 1977  at Dr Daly Memorial Park in Tulla, between Sixmilebridge and Kilkishen, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Sixmilebridge won the match by 1–06 to 1–05 to claim their first ever championship title.

Clare GAA
The Clare County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Contae an Chláir) or Clare GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Clare. Clare plays its home games at Zimmer Biomet Páirc Chíosóg in Ennis.

The county hurling team competes in Division 1 of the National Hurling League and in the Munster Senior Hurling Championship (SHC), the former of which it has won five times, most recently in 2024. Clare has won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) five times in its history. The county won its first title in 1914 and took another 81 years to win a second title in 1995, which remains the record wait for a successive title in Senior Championship history. Clare won All-Ireland SHC titles in 1914, 1995, 1997, 2013 and 2024.

The county football team contested the 1917 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.
Parque Graciela Rivera
Parque Graciela Rivera is a small, but charming, passive park in Barrio Primero, Ponce, Puerto Rico, at the intersection of Calla Aurora and Calle Torre/Calle Azucena. It is flanked by the statue of a woman called "La Labradora" (The Reaper). The park was named after the Puerto Rican soprano singer Graciela Rivera.

Urban wild
An urban wild is a remnant of a natural ecosystem found in the midst of an otherwise highly developed urban area.

One of the most expansive efforts to protect and foster urban wilds is the aptly titled "Urban Wilds program" conducted in Boston, which had its start in 1977 off the back of a 1976 report by the Boston Planning & Development Agency (BPDA), formerly the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA).
Cryptocercus garciai
Cryptocercus garciai is a species of wood roach named after American musician Jerry Garcia. It was discovered by Drs. Craig A. Burnside and Srinivas Kambhampati in 1998 in the Chattahoochee National Forest in northern Georgia. Prior to this, it was assumed that Cryptocercus punctulatus was the only species in the genus that existed in North America.

Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest
The Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest in northern Georgia comprises two United States National Forests, the Oconee National Forest in eastern Georgia and the Chattahoochee National Forest located in the North Georgia Mountains.  The Chattahoochee National Forest is composed of an eastern and western forest. The western forest contains Johns Mountain, Little Sand Mountain, and Taylor Ridge. The combined total area of the Chattahoochee–Oconee National Forest is 867,265 acres (3,510 km2), of which the Chattahoochee National Forest comprises 751,069 acres (3,039 km2) and the Oconee National Forest comprises 116,196 acres (470 km2).  The county with the largest portion of the eastern forest is Rabun County, Georgia, which has 148,684 acres (601.7 km2) within its boundaries.
John Campbell Smith
John Campbell Smith (1828–1914) was a Scottish writer, advocate and Sheriff-substitute of Forfarshire. He was a typical 'lad o' pairts' – a talented Scots boy of the 19th century who raised himself from extremely humble beginnings.

High School of Dundee
The High School of Dundee is a private, co-educational, day school in Dundee, Scotland, which provides nursery, primary and secondary education to just over one thousand pupils. Its foundation has been dated to 1239, and it is the only private school in Dundee.

The school's rector is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

The school has been registered as a charity in Scotland since July 1897.
Paphiopedilum parishii
Paphiopedilum parishii is a species of orchid found in northern and western Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Yunnan and Assam, in montane forests at 1200–2200 m above sea level. It is named after Charles Samuel Pollock Parish, an English botanist and avid plant collector who had a particular interest in the flora of Myanmar (then Burma).

Plants in this species are described as being epiphytes or lithophytes. They grow in thick moss which occurs on boulders or on the tree branches of Terminalia in humid and shady broad-leaved forests, making them facultative lithophytes.

Paphiopedilum parishii is placed in section Pardalopetalum based on its chromosome count, multifloral inflorescence, distribution and leopard spots on the petals.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
V. R. Karthik Thondaiman
V. R. Karthik Thondaiman is an Indian politician and former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Pudukkottai constituency, also he is originally from Pudukkottai Kingdom family. He represents the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party.

Pudukkottai Assembly constituency
Pudukottai is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below. An election was not held in year 1957. It comes under Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency for Parliament elections. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.