hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algae Lake
Algae Lake is a narrow, winding lake, 9 nautical miles (17 km) long and between 0.2 and 1 nautical mile (0.4 and 1.9 km) wide, extending in an east–west direction in the ice-free Bunger Hills of Antarctica. It was first mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named "Algae Inlet" by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names because of the algae reported by Operation Highjump personnel, which cause varying tints to the meltwater ponds overlying the Bunger Hills and to the saline inlets and channels in the Highjump Archipelago area close to the north. Subsequent Soviet Antarctic Expeditions (1956–57) found this "inlet" to be a lake.

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
German submarine U-271
German submarine U-271 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 21 October 1941 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 36, launched on 29 July 1942 and commissioned on 23 September under the command of Kapitänleutnant Curt Barleben. After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, U-271 was transferred to the 1st U-boat Flotilla, for front-line service from 1 June 1943.

U-271 sank no ships in her short career. She was a member of two wolfpacks.

Bremer Vulkan
Bremer Vulkan AG was a prominent German shipbuilding company located at the Weser river in Bremen-Vegesack. It was founded in 1893 and closed in 1997 because of financial problems and mismanagement.

All together Bremer Vulkan built about 1100 ships, including the ships of the predecessor Johann Lange Shipyard, of different types. It is remarkable that the Bremer Vulkan, with the exception of both World Wars, only built civilian ships; production of naval ships except during wartime first started in the 1980s.
2-12-4T
In Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 2-12-4 is a locomotive with one pair of unpowered leading wheels, followed by six pairs of powered driving wheels, and two pairs of unpowered trailing wheels. While it would be possible to make a tender locomotive of this type, all locomotives of this wheel arrangement were tank engines.

Tender (rail)
A tender is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, oil or torrefied biomass) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called either a tender locomotive or a tender engine. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board are called tank locomotives or tank engines.

A corridor tender is a locomotive tender with a passageway to one side, allowing crew changes on the fly.

A brake tender is a tender that is heavy and used (primarily) to provide greater braking efficiency.
Štalcerji
Štalcerji (pronounced [ˈʃtaːlcɛɾji] or [ˈʃtaːu̯cɛɾji]; previously also Štalcarji, German: Stalzern) is a settlement in the hills south of the town of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. It was a village inhabited partly by Gottschee Germans. In 1941 at the start of the Second World War its original population was expelled. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the hamlet of Jelenja Vas.

The local church, dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, is mentioned in written documents dating to 1526. During the Second World War it was damaged and after the war the ruins were demolished and removed.

Gottscheers
Gottscheers (German: Gottscheer, Slovene: Kočevarji, kočevski Nemci) are the German settlers of the Kočevje region (a.k.a. Gottschee) of Slovenia, formerly Gottschee County. Until the Second World War, their main language of communication was Gottscheerish, a Bavarian dialect of German.
Gaylussacia pulchra
Gaylussacia pulchra is a plant species in the family Ericaceae. It is native to the States of Bahia and Minas Gerais in eastern Brazil.

Gaylussacia pulchra is a woody, branching shrub. Leaves are lance-shaped, dark green on the upper surface, whitish on the underside. Flowers are scarlet, tubular, in axillary racemes. Fruits have 10 chambers, each with one seed.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Bulgarian verbs
Bulgarian verbs are the most complicated part of Bulgarian grammar, especially when compared with other Slavic languages. Bulgarian verbs are inflected for person, number and sometimes gender. They also have lexical aspect (perfective and imperfective), voice, nine tenses, three moods, four evidentials and six non-finite verbal forms. Because the subject of the verb can be inferred from the verb ending, it is often omitted. As there is no infinitive in contemporary Bulgarian, the basic form of a verb is its present simple tense first person singular form.

Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any of a small set of words or affixes (such as a, an, and the in English) used with nouns to limit or give definiteness to the application. The category of articles constitutes a part of speech.

Articles combine with nouns to form noun phrases, and typically specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun phrase. In English, the and a (rendered as an when followed by a vowel sound) are the definite and indefinite articles respectively. Articles in many other languages also carry additional grammatical information such as gender, number, and case. Articles are part of a broader category called determiners, which also include demonstratives, possessive determiners, and quantifiers. In linguistic interlinear glossing, articles are abbreviated as ART.
Lei River
The Lei River (Chinese: 耒水) is a right-bank tributary of the middle Xiang River in Hunan, China. It is also the longest tributary and has the second largest drainage system of the Xiang tributaries after the Xiao River. The Lei River has two sources: the Zhejiang River (Chinese: 浙江河), which rises in the Leishan Mountains (Chinese: 耒山) in the south of Rucheng County, and the Ou River (Chinese: 沤江), which rises in the Wanyang Mountains (Chinese: 万洋山) in the north of Guidong County. The two rivers join at Huangcaoping (Chinese: 黄草坪), Zixing City. The main stream of the Lei River runs generally south to northwest through Rucheng, Zixing, Suxian, Yongxing, Leiyang, Hengnan and Zhuhui counties and joins the Xiang at Leihekou (Chinese: 耒河口) of Zhuhui District of Hengyang. The main stream of the Lei River has a length of 521 kilometres (324 mi), with its tributaries, and the drainage basin covers an area of 11,873 square kilometres (4,584 sq mi).

Xiao River
The Xiao River (Chinese: 瀟水; pinyin: Xiāoshuǐ [ɕjáʊ.ʂwèɪ]) is the main stream of the upper Xiang River located in Yongzhou, Hunan. As of the 2011 Water Census of China, it has a length of 365 kilometres (227 mi) from the headwaters to the confluence in the Ping Island of Yongzhou with the Xiang River West Branch (Left Branch) originating from Guangxi. With the tributaries, its drainage basin area is 12,094 square kilometres (4,670 sq mi).
Night rain on the Xiaoxiang (瀟湘夜雨 Xiāoxiāng yèyǔ), one of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang, is located at this river.
Avtandil Kentchadze
Avtandil Kentchadze (Georgian: ავთანდილ კენჭაძე; born December 22, 1995) is a Georgian wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2018 World Wrestling Championships.  Kentchadze also captured a bronze medal at both the U23 Senior European Championships in 2018 and U23 senior World Champions held in 2017. In March 2021, he competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's 74 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

2018 World Wrestling Championships
The 2018 World Wrestling Championships were the 15th edition of World Wrestling Championships of combined events and were held from 20 to 28 October in Budapest, Hungary.

Russia claimed 10 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals, its best ever overall result in the post-Soviet era. In Greco-Roman Wrestling Russian athletes showed the best ever result since 1990.
Potassium trithiocarbonate
Potassium trithiocarbonate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula K2CS3. It is the potassium salt of trithiocarbonic acid. It consists of two potassium cations K+ and the trigonal planar trithiocarbonate dianion CS2−3. It is a white solid, although impure samples often appear brown. It is prepared by the reaction of potassium sulfide or potassium hydrosulfide with carbon disulfide.

K2S + CS2 → K2CS3

Potassium trithiocarbonate reacts with alkylating agents to give trithiocarbonate esters:

K2CS3 + 2 RX → (RS)2CS + 2 KX (X = halogen, R = monovalent organyl group)

Organyl group
In organic and organometallic chemistry, an organyl group (commonly denoted by the letter "R") is an organic substituent with one or sometimes more free valence electrons at a carbon atom. The term is often used in chemical patent literature to protect claims over a broad scope.
Devecchi
Devecchi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fabien Devecchi (born 1975), French rugby league coach

Giacomo Devecchi (born 1985), Italian basketball player

José Devecchi (born 1995), Argentine footballer

Robert P. DeVecchi (1930–2015), American diplomat

Fabien Devecchi
Fabien Devecchi is a French rugby league footballer who represented France national rugby league team in the 2000 World Cup. He remains in a role at Villeneuve Leopards, but no longer as head coach, having been replaced by Olivier Janzac in Mar 2021.
Aedes dorsalis
Aedes dorsalis is a mosquito species in the genus Aedes, subgenus Ochlerotatus. Commonly known as the summer salt marsh mosquito, this medium-sized mosquito is distinguishable by its white-scaled abdomen and legs with white rings. It has a broad distribution across the Nearctic and Palearctic regions, including North America and parts of Europe and Asia, where it inhabits flood-prone and saline areas. While it is an aggressive biter and a nuisance pest, its primary medical significance stems from its role as a vector for California encephalitis virus. Unlike some well-known Aedes species, such as Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus, it is not a significant vector for major diseases like dengue, Zika, or chikungunya.

Ochlerotatus
Ochlerotatus is a genus of mosquito. Until 2000, it was ranked as a subgenus of Aedes but was reclassified as a distinct genus based on taxonomic studies. This change resulted in the renaming of many subgenus species, and revisions of related taxa in the Aedini tribe are ongoing. Some authors, however, still use traditional taxonomic names in their publications.
2005–06 FC Basel season
The 2005–06 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 113th in existence and the club's 12th consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football. Werner Edelmann was confirmed as the club's chairman for the fourth successive season at the AGM. FCB played their home matches in the St. Jakob-Park, in the Basel quarter St. Alban in the south-east of the city.

Zdravko Kuzmanović
Zdravko Kuzmanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Здравко Кузмановић, pronounced [zdrǎːʋko kuzmǎːnoʋitɕ]; born 22 September 1987) is a former Serbian footballer who played as a defensive or central midfielder. He last played for FC Basel. He represented Serbia in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Źmitrok Biadula
Samuil Jafimavič Płaŭnik (Belarusian: Самуіл Яфімавіч Плаўнік, romanized: Samuil Jafimavič Płaŭnik; Yiddish: שמואל בן חיים פּלאַווניק; 23 April 1886 – 3 November 1941), better known by the pen name Źmitrok Biadula (Belarusian: Зьмітрок Бядуля), was a Soviet and Belarusian poet, prose writer, translator, and political activist in the Belarusian independence movement. He is considered one of the fathers of modern Belarusian literature. He is the great-great-uncle of British YouTuber Bald and Bankrupt.

Bald and Bankrupt
Bald and Bankrupt is an English travel vlog YouTube channel operated by Benjamin Rich, also known as Mr Bald. The Bald and Bankrupt YouTube channel enjoys global popularity, as of November 2025, the channel had 227 videos, 4.47 million subscribers and 705 million views. Rich has been described as a 'British YouTube star'.

Although one of the defining characteristics of Rich's channel was his interest in Russia, Rich was deported and banned from the country in 2022, having openly declared his support for Ukraine.
Prem Bhatia (cricketer)
Prem Bhatia (17 January 1940 – 13 March 2018) was an Indian cricketer. He played 55 first-class matches for Delhi between 1958 and 1969, scoring more than 2,500 runs. Bhatia also made 1 first-class appearance for Gujarat against Baroda in the 1973–74 Ranji Trophy, while also making 1 List A appearance for North Zone against South Zone in the 1984–85 Deodhar Trophy.

He is perhaps best known by becoming the first twelfth man to bat in a first-class match, when asked to bat in place of former India captain Lala Amarnath in the first Irani Trophy match between the Rest of India and Bombay on 18 March 1960. Bhatia batted in both innings, scoring 22 in the first and 50 in the second, while Amarnath bowled and fielded.

1973–74 Ranji Trophy
The 1973–74 Ranji Trophy was the 40th season of the Ranji Trophy. Karnataka ended Bombay's sequence of 15 consecutive titles by defeating them on first innings in the semifinal. They defeated Rajasthan by 185 runs in the final to win their first Ranji Trophy.
Ellen Osiier
Ellen Osiier (13 August 1890 – 6 September 1962) was a Danish foil fencer and the first woman to be awarded a gold medal in fencing at the Olympic Games. As of 2026, she remains the only Dane to win a gold medal in fencing at the Olympics.

Fencing at the Summer Olympics
Fencing has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. There are three forms of Olympic fencing:

Foil — a light thrusting weapon; the valid target is restricted to the torso; double touches are not allowed.

Épée — a heavy thrusting weapon; the valid target area covers the entire body; double touches are allowed.

Sabre — a light cutting and thrusting weapon; the valid target area includes almost everything above the waist (excluding the back of the head and the hands); double touches are not allowed.
Lindau Gospels
The Lindau Gospels is an illuminated manuscript in the Morgan Library in New York, which is important for its illuminated text, but still more so for its treasure binding, or metalwork covers, which are of different periods.  The oldest element of the book is what is now the back cover, which was probably produced in the later 8th century in modern Austria, but in the context of missionary settlements from Britain or Ireland, as the style is that of the Insular art of the British Isles.  The upper cover is late Carolingian work of about 880, and the text of the gospel book itself was written and decorated at the Abbey of Saint Gall around the same time, or slightly later.

When J.P. Morgan, already in his early sixties, bought the book in 1901, it was his first major purchase of a medieval manuscript, setting the direction that much of his subsequent collecting was to follow.

David M. Wilson
Sir David Mackenzie Wilson, FBA (born 30 October 1931) is a British archaeologist, art historian, and museum curator, specialising in Anglo-Saxon art and the Viking Age. From 1977 until 1992 he served as the director of the British Museum, where he had previously worked, from 1955 to 1964, as an assistant keeper. In his role as director of the museum, he became embroiled in the controversy over the ownership of the Elgin Marbles with the Greek government, engaging with a "disastrous" televised debate with Greek Minister of Culture Melina Mercouri.
Don Toase
Donald Vickers Toase (31 December 1929 – 1992) was an English footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Darlington. He was on the books of Portsmouth and Newcastle United, without playing League football for either, and played non-league football for South Shields.

Toase played for the England youth team that won the inaugural edition of the FIFA Youth Tournament in 1948 (which became the UEFA European Under-19 Championship).

UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The UEFA European Under-19 Championship, or simply the Euro Under-19, is an annual football competition, contested by the European men's under-19 national teams of the UEFA member associations.

Spain is the most successful team in this competition, having won twelve titles. Netherlands are the current champions.
Zogbaum
Zogbaum is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Rufus Fairchild Zogbaum (1849–1925), American illustrator, journalist, and writer

Wilfrid Zogbaum (1915–1965), American painter and sculptor

Rufus Fairchild Zogbaum
Rufus Fairchild Zogbaum (August 28, 1849 — October 22, 1925) was an American illustrator, journalist, and writer. He is primarily known as an illustrator for late 19th century news magazines. His works were regularly featured in Harper's Weekly magazine.
Homer Community Schools
Homer Community Schools is a public school district in Southern Michigan. In Calhoun County, it serves Homer and parts of the townships of Albion, Clarendon, Eckford, Fredonia, Homer, and Tekonsha. In Branch County, it serves parts of Butler Township. In Hillsdale County, it serves part of Litchfield Township. In Jackson County, it serves part of Pulaski Township.

Clarendon Township, Michigan
Clarendon Township is a civil township of Calhoun County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,181 at the 2020 census. The township is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Science Fiction (Tom Bailey album)
Science Fiction is the debut solo studio album by English singer Tom Bailey, best known as the lead singer of pop band Thompson Twins. It was released on 13 July 2018. A limited-edition double CD hardback mediabook version of the album was also released, featuring a bonus disc with seven alternative versions and remixes, and a companion book.

In a press release of the album's announcement in May 2018, Bailey commented: "I so much enjoyed playing concerts around the world over the last couple of years, that I began working behind the scenes on writing, recording and mixing the songs in this collection. I find it incredibly rewarding to be making pop music again."

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Boophis mandraka
Boophis mandraka is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae.
It is endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from Mandraka Park with unconfirmed records in Andohahela National Park, Ambatovaky Reserve, Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve and Andasibe-Mantadia National Park.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal manufacturing, invasive eucalyptus, livestock grazing and expanding human settlement.

Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve
Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve is a wildlife reserve in the north-east of Madagascar. The reserve was designated in 1958 and contains some of the last intact primary rainforest, along with several, rare and endemic animals and plants. The area was nominated to the UNESCO Tentative List of World Heritage Sites in Madagascar in 2008, as an extension of the rainforests of the Atsinanana.
Chris Kerr (speedway rider)
Christopher Robert Kerr (born 28 June 1984 in Auburn, California) is an American former motorcycle speedway rider. He represented the USA in the 2007 Speedway World Cup. He earned 3 caps for the United States national speedway team.

Auburn, California
Auburn is a city in and the county seat of Placer County, California, United States. Its population was 13,776 during the 2020 census. Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history and is registered as a California Historical Landmark.

Auburn is part of the Sacramento metropolitan area.
FTSE World Government Bond Index
The FTSE World Government Bond Index (WGBI) is a market capitalization weighted bond index consisting of the government bond markets of the multiple countries. Country eligibility is determined based upon market capitalization and investability criteria. The index includes all fixed-rate bonds with a remaining maturity of one year or longer and with amounts outstanding of at least the equivalent of US$25 million. Government securities typically exclude floating or variable rate bonds, US/Canadian savings bonds and private placements. It is not possible to invest directly in such an index.

On August 31, 2017, London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) completed the acquisition of The Yield Book and Citi Fixed Income Indices businesses from Citi. The name has been changed from the Salomon Smith Barney World Government Bond Index, to the Citigroup World Government Bond Index and now the FTSE World Government Bond Index.

Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.

Market capitalization is equal to the market price per common share multiplied by the number of common shares outstanding.
1903 Campeonato Paulista
The 1903 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the LPF (Liga Paulista de Football), was the 2nd season of São Paulo's top association football league. São Paulo Athletic won the title for the 2nd time. No teams were relegated. The top scorers were Paulistano's Álvaro Rocha and São Paulo Athletic's Herbert Boyes with 4 goals each.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.