hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orthomolecular psychiatry
Orthomolecular psychiatry is the use of orthomolecular medicine for mental illness. Orthomolecular psychiatry has been rejected by evidence-based medicine and has been called quackery. The approach uses unorthodox forms of individualized testing and diagnosis to attempt to establish an etiology for each patient's specific symptoms, and claims to tailor the treatment accordingly, using a combination of nutrients, dietary changes and medications that are claimed to enhance quality of life and functionality as well as to reduce or eliminate symptoms and the use of xenobiotic drugs. Scientific studies have shown mixed results; although there are some promising results from nutritional psychiatry, some forms of orthomolecular psychiatry are ineffective.

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
2022 Holland Ladies Tour
The 2022 Holland Ladies Tour, also known as the 2022 Simac Ladies Tour, was a road cycling stage race that took place in the Netherlands between 30 August and 4 September 2022. It was the 24th edition of the Holland Ladies Tour, and part of the 2022 UCI Women's World Tour.

Race stage
A race stage, leg, or heat is a unit of a race that has been divided in several parts for the reason such as length of the distance to be covered, as in a multi-day event. Usually, such a race consists of "ordinary" stages, but sometimes stages are held as an individual time trial or a team time trial. Long races such as the Tour de France, Absa Cape Epic or the Giro d'Italia are known for their stages of one day each, whereas the boat sailing Velux 5 Oceans Race is broken down in usually four stages of several weeks duration each, where the competitors are racing continuously day and night. In bicycling and running events, a race with stages is known as a stage race. Other examples include ultramarathons and adventure racing.
Tomas Roggeman
Tomas Roggeman (born 30 October 1986) is a Belgian-Flemish politician and a member of the New Flemish Alliance. He has served as an MP in the Member of the Chamber of Representatives since 2019 and was chairman of the Jong N-VA, the youth wing of the N-VA.

Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
The Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers; French: Chambre des représentants; German: Abgeordnetenkammer) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Senate. It is considered to be the "lower house" of the Federal Parliament.
Graduation (scale)
A graduation is a marking used to indicate points on a visual scale, which can be present on a container, a measuring device, or the axes of a line plot, usually one of many along a line or curve, each in the form of short line segments perpendicular to the line or curve. Often, some of these line segments are longer and marked with a numeral, such as every fifth or tenth graduation. The scale itself can be linear (the graduations are spaced at a constant distance apart) or nonlinear.

Linear graduation of a scale occurs mainly (but not exclusively) on straight measuring devices, such as a rule or measuring tape, using units such as inches or millimetres.

Graduations can also be spaced at varying spatial intervals, such as when using a logarithmic, for instance on a measuring cup, can vary in scale due to the container's non-cylindrical shape.

Ruler
A ruler is an instrument used to make length measurements, whereby a length is read from a series of markings called "rules" along an edge of the device. Alternatively, it is called a rule, scale, line gauge, or metre/meter stick. Usually, the instrument is rigid and the edge itself is a straightedge ("ruled straightedge"), which additionally allows one to draw straighter lines. Rulers are an important tool  in geometry, geography and mathematics. They have been used since at least 2650 BC.
MechWarrior (1993 video game)
MechWarrior, known in Japan as BattleTech (バトルテック), is a first-person action video game for the Super NES set in the BattleTech universe. The SNES game was based upon the original PC MechWarrior, with updated graphics that utilized Mode 7 for the Battlemech mission sequences instead of the PC version's flat-shaded 3D graphics.

The game was followed by a sequel, MechWarrior 3050, which is played from an isometric view.

Isometric projection
Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two of them is 120 degrees.
Idimanthus
Idimanthus amorphophalloides is a species of flowering plant in the arum family, Araceae. It is the sole species in genus Idimanthus. It is a tuberous geophyte native to Rio de Janeiro state in southeastern Brazil.

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Ladies in Lavender
Ladies in Lavender is a 2004 British drama film written and directed by Charles Dance. The screenplay is based on a 1908 short story by William J. Locke. The film stars Judi Dench, Maggie Smith, Daniel Brühl and Miriam Margolyes.

Pablo de Sarasate
Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo saɾaˈsate]; 10 March 1844 – 20 September 1908), commonly known as Pablo de Sarasate, was a Spanish virtuoso violinist, composer and conductor of the Romantic period. His best known works include Zigeunerweisen (Gypsy Airs), the Spanish Dances, and the Carmen Fantasy.
East Mouse
East Mouse (Welsh: Ynys Amlwch) is an islet found off the north coast of Anglesey, Wales. It is found just a few hundred metres away from the town of Amlwch. For this reason the island is known in Welsh as Ynys Amlwch, Amlwch Island. The islet is tiny (a maximum 141 metres long by 61 metres wide) with a maximum area of only 1.5 acres (6,100 m2), and void of any significant flora and fauna. The islet is one of three similarly named islands off the north coast of Anglesey, the other two being West Mouse (Maen y Bugail) and Middle Mouse (Ynys Badrig). The island is the site of the wreck of the SS Dakota, which was built in 1874, striking the island and sinking on 9 May 1877. The 4,332-ton ship was broken into three pieces but all 218 souls on board were saved.

Shipwreck
A shipwreck is the wreckage of a ship that is either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. It results from the event of shipwrecking, which may be intentional or unintentional. There were approximately three million shipwrecks worldwide as of January 1999, according to Angela Croome, a science writer and author who specialized in the history of underwater archaeology  (an estimate rapidly endorsed by UNESCO and other organizations).
When a ship's crew has died or abandoned the ship, and the ship has remained adrift but unsunk, they are instead referred to as ghost ships.
Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.

Clandestine Marriages Act 1753
The Clandestine Marriages Act 1753 (26 Geo. 2. c. 33), also called the Marriage Act 1753, long title "An Act for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage", popularly known as Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act, was the first statutory legislation in England and Wales to require a formal ceremony of marriage. It came into force on 25 March 1754. The act contributed to a dispute about the validity of a Scottish marriage, although pressure to address the problem of irregular marriages had been growing for some time.
Hubert Seiz
Hubert "Hubi" Seiz (born 23 August 1960) is a former Swiss racing cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was the Swiss National Road Race champion in 1988.

He now works as a driving instructor (car and motorbike) in Uttwil, Switzerland, as well as providing WAB instruction (mandatory course after obtaining a Swiss driving licence) at the driving school "Driving Park" in Winterthur, Switzerland.

Swiss National Road Race Championships
The Swiss National Road Race Championships are held annually. They are a cycling race which decides the Swiss cycling champion in the road racing discipline, across several categories of rider. The event was first held in 1892 and was won by Edouard Wicky. Ferdinand Kübler and Heiri Suter share the men's record with 5 victories. The current champions are Noemi Rüegg for women and Mauro Schmid for men.
Colletti
Colletti is a surname of Italian origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Lucio Colletti (1924–2001), Italian Western Marxist philosopher

Ned Colletti, American sports executive

Nicolao Colletti, also written Coletti (18th century), Italian mathematician and academic of the Republic of Venice

Stephen Colletti (born 1986), American actor and television personality

Zoe Colletti (born 2001), American actress

Zoe Colletti
Zoe Margaret Colletti (born November 27, 2001) is an American actress and YouTuber. She made her acting debut in the television pilot of American Men (2006) and played her first major-film role in Annie (2014). Colletti appeared in 2018 films Wildlife and Skin before garnering critical praise in the lead role of Stella Nicholls in horror film Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (2019). She achieved further recognition and plaudits as Dakota in the sixth season of horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead (2020–2021) and the Truth Pixie in fantasy film A Boy Called Christmas (2021). In 2022 she portrayed Lucy in the second season of Only Murders in the Building. She also starred in the Netflix series Boo, Bitch, and she featured in The Family Plan as well as its sequel.
Günther Herrmann (footballer)
Günther Herrmann (11 September 1939 – 22 July 2023) was a German footballer who was capped nine times for the West Germany national team.

Herrmann started his club career with Eintracht Trier (1956–1958) and Karlsruher SC (1958–1963). He moved to Schalke 04 for the 1963–64 season and made 110 league appearances for them over the next four seasons. He returned to Karlsruher SC for the 1967–68 season, and then moved to FC Sion (1968–1975).

Herrmann was a member of the German squad at the 1962 FIFA World Cup.

Herrmann died on 22 July 2023, at the age of 83.

SV Eintracht Trier 05
SV Eintracht-Trier 05 e. V., commonly known as Eintracht Trier (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪntʁaxt ˈtʁiːɐ̯]), is a German association football club based in Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate. The club was established on 11 March 1948 through the merger of Westmark 05 Trier and Eintracht Trier 06, coinciding with the 43rd anniversary of the founding of its predecessor, Trier Fußball Club 05. The team's badge prominently features the Porta Nigra, an ancient Roman city gate and iconic symbol of Trier, considered Germany's oldest city.

The club has competed in various levels of German football, including the 2. Bundesliga and Regionalliga Südwest, and has achieved notable successes such as winning the German Amateur Championship multiple times and reaching the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal in 1998.
David Six (musician)
David Six (born 14 August 1985) is a pianist, composer and multi-instrumentalist from Austria. He is best known for his work as a solo artist and bandleader although he is active in many other projects including the improvising collective Radikalinsky
or the contemporary music ensemble Stargaze with conductor André de Ridder.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Applied Learning College
Applied Learning Colleges, formerly Vocational Colleges, were introduced in 2006 as part of the Specialist Schools Programme in England. The system enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, vocational education. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Applied Learning Colleges received extra funding from this joint private sector and government scheme. In order to fulfil the criteria for Applied Learning College status schools had to either be designated as a High Performing Specialist School or select it as part of a combined specialist when first specialising. By 2009, 164 schools had specialised into an Applied Learning College.

After the Specialist Schools Programme was discontinued in 2011, schools must now use their Dedicated Schools Grant or become an academy if they wish to receive this specialism.

Specialist school
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools. Specialist schools often have admission criteria making them selective schools as well.
Avarude Raavukal
Avarude Ravukal is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language film written and directed by Shanil Muhammed. It features Asif Ali, Unni Mukundan, Vinay Forrt, Honey Rose, Milana Nagaraj, and Nedumudi Venu. It was produced by Ajay Krishnan under the banner of Ajay entertainments.
The film was released on 23 June 2017 to mixed reviews.

Vinay Forrt
Vinay Kumar (born 13 January 1983), professionally credited as Vinay Forrt is an Indian film and stage actor. He is from Fort Kochi, Kerala and has a postgraduate in acting from Film and Television Institute of India in Pune. He made his cinematic debut in the Malayalam film Ritu (2009).
PlantUML
PlantUML is an open-source tool allowing users to create diagrams from a plain text language. Besides various UML diagrams, PlantUML has support for various other software development related formats (such as Archimate, Block diagram, BPMN, C4, Computer network diagram, ERD, Gantt chart, Mind map, and WBD), as well as visualisation of JSON and YAML files.

The language of PlantUML is an example of a domain-specific language. Besides its own DSL, PlantUML also understands AsciiMath, Creole, DOT, and LaTeX. It uses Graphviz software to lay out its diagrams and Tikz for LaTeX support. Images can be output as PNG, SVG, LaTeX and even ASCII art.  PlantUML has also been used to allow blind people to design and read UML diagrams.

Gantt chart
A Gantt chart is a bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It was designed and popularized by Henry Gantt c. 1910–1915. Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities and the current schedule status.
Henry Echlin (soldier)
Henry Echlin, Laird of Pittadro (died 1608) was a Scottish soldier and Constable of Edinburgh Castle during the Marian civil war. He was several times a negotiator during the "lang siege" of Edinburgh Castle. Some sources give his first name as Andrew.

Leith
Leith (/liːθ/; Scottish Gaelic: Lìte) is a suburb to the north of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying at the mouth of the Water of Leith. It is home to the Port of Leith.

The earliest surviving historical references are in the royal charter authorising the construction of Holyrood Abbey in 1128 in which it is termed Inverlet (Inverleith). After centuries of control by Edinburgh, Leith was made a separate burgh in 1833 only to be merged into Edinburgh in 1920.

Leith is located on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth and lies within the City of Edinburgh council area; since 2007 it has formed one of 17 multi-member wards of the city.
Filatima spurcella
Filatima spurcella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found from central and southern Europe to the southern Ural and Turkey.

The larvae feed on Crataegus and Amelanchier species, as well as Prunus spinosa.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
East 21st Street Bridge
The East 21st Street Bridge is a 682-foot (208 m) or 707-foot (215 m) or 992-foot (302 m) long cable-stayed bridge in Tacoma, Washington completed in January 1997. The bridge, whose most significant feature is two 180-foot (55 m) tall towers, carries four lanes State Route 509 (SR 509) across the Thea Foss Waterway from downtown Tacoma to the Port of Tacoma. SR 509 ends at a single point urban interchange with Interstate 705 west of the bridge, built as part of the same $165.3 million WSDOT project that also funded the bridge's construction.

The architect for the bridge was Jim Merritt, a Tacoma architect.

It is sometimes called Foss Waterway Bridge, although the Murray Morgan Bridge also crosses Foss Waterway.

Port of Tacoma
The Port of Tacoma is an independent seaport in Tacoma, Washington. The port was created by a vote of Pierce County citizens on November 5, 1918. The port's marine cargo operations was merged with the Port of Seattle's in 2015 to form the Northwest Seaport Alliance. As of 2025, the port is the 6th busiest container port in North America and one of the 25 busiest in the world.
Hasdai Crescas
Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas (Catalan: [həzˈðaj ˈβeɲ ʒuˈða ˈkɾeskəs]; Hebrew: חסדאי קרשקש; c. 1340 in Barcelona – 1410/11 in Zaragoza) was a Spanish-Jewish philosopher and a renowned halakhist (teacher of Jewish law).  Along with Maimonides ("Rambam"), Gersonides ("Ralbag"), and Joseph Albo, he is known as one of the major practitioners of the rationalist approach to Jewish philosophy.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497. They should therefore be distinguished both from the descendants of those expelled in 1492 and from the present-day Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.

The main present-day communities of Spanish and Portuguese Jews exist in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, and several other Jewish communities in the Americas have Spanish and Portuguese Jewish roots though they no longer follow the distinctive customs of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
Highest-weight category
In the mathematical field of representation theory, a highest-weight category is a k-linear category C (here k is a field) that

is locally artinian

has enough injectives

satisfies

for all subobjects B and each family of subobjects {Aα} of each object X

and such that there is a locally finite poset Λ (whose elements are called the weights of C) that satisfies the following conditions:

The poset Λ indexes an exhaustive set of non-isomorphic simple objects {S(λ)} in C.

Λ also indexes a collection of objects {A(λ)} of objects of C such that there exist embeddings S(λ) → A(λ) such that all composition factors S(μ) of A(λ)/S(λ) satisfy μ < λ.

For all μ, λ in Λ,

is finite, and the multiplicity

is also finite.

Each S(λ) has an injective envelope I(λ) in C equipped with an increasing filtration

such that

for n > 1,  for some μ = λ(n) > λ
for each μ in Λ, λ(n) = μ for only finitely many n

Locally finite poset
In mathematics, a locally finite poset is a partially ordered set P such that for all x, y ∈ P, the interval [x, y] consists of finitely many elements.

Given a locally finite poset P we can define its incidence algebra. Elements of the incidence algebra are functions ƒ that assign to each interval [x, y] of P a real number ƒ(x, y). These functions form an associative algebra with a product defined by

There is also a definition of incidence coalgebra.

In theoretical physics a locally finite poset is also called a causal set and has been used as a model for spacetime.
Ourcq
The Ourcq (French: [uʁk] ⓘ, Urc in 855) is an 86.5-kilometre-long (53.7 mi) river in France, a right tributary of the Marne. Its source is near the village Ronchères, and its course crosses the departments of Aisne, Oise, and Seine-et-Marne. It flows southwest through the towns of Fère-en-Tardenois, La Ferté-Milon, Mareuil-sur-Ourcq, and Crouy-sur-Ourcq, finally flowing into the Marne near Lizy-sur-Ourcq. Napoleon I made use of the river as a water source, and it supplied the city of Paris until Baron Haussmann's rebuilding of Paris.

Fère-en-Tardenois
Fère-en-Tardenois (French pronunciation: [fɛʁ ɑ̃ taʁdənwa], literally Fère in Tardenois) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

It is named for the Tardenois region.