hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buck Ridgley
Randolph H. Ridgley (June 24, 1895 – death unknown), nicknamed "Buck", was an American Negro league second baseman in the 1920s.

A native of Warrenton, Virginia, Ridgley made his Negro leagues debut in 1920 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants and Baltimore Black Sox. He went on to play for Baltimore for two more seasons, then played for the Harrisburg Giants and Washington Potomacs in 1923.

Brooklyn Royal Giants
The Brooklyn Royal Giants were a professional Negro league baseball team based in Brooklyn, New York.  Formed in 1905 by John Wilson Connor (1875–1926), owner of the Brooklyn Royal Cafe, the team initially played against white semi-pro teams. They were one of the prominent independent teams prior to World War I before organized league play began.
Mikael Harutyunyan
Mikael Harutyuni Harutyunyan (Armenian: Միքայել Հարությունի Հարությունյան; born 10 February 1946) is an Armenian general who served as the Defence Minister of Armenia from 4 April 2007 until 14 April 2008. From 14 April 2008 to 24 May 2018, he served as Chief Military Inspector and advisor to the President of Armenia. From 1995 to 2007, he served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces. He currently resides in Russia and is wanted in Armenia on charges related to the violence during the 2008 Armenian presidential election protests.

President of Armenia
The president of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Նախագահ, romanized: Hayastani Nakhagah) is the head of state and the guarantor of independence and territorial integrity of Armenia elected to a single seven-year term by the National Assembly of Armenia. Under Armenia's parliamentary system, the president is simply a figurehead and holds ceremonial duties, with most of the political power vested in the parliament and prime minister.

Vahagn Khachaturyan has been serving as president since 13 March 2022.
Harry E. Burke
Harry Eugene Burke (May 19, 1878 –  March 26, 1963) was an American entomologist and authority on the Buprestidae (metallic wood-boring beetles) and other wood-boring beetles and forest pests of the western United States. He was the first forest entomologist to be hired and assigned to study insects on the west coast, and the first entomology graduate of Washington State University. Born in Paradise Valley, Nevada, he earned a B.S. in 1902, and M.S. in 1908 at Washington Agricultural College and School of Science (now Washington State University). He earned a PhD from Stanford University in 1923.

Paradise Valley, Nevada
Paradise Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States, near the Santa Rosa Ranger District of Humboldt National Forest.  It is located at the northern terminus of Nevada State Route 290, about 19 miles (31 km) northeast of U.S. Route 95 and a total of 40 miles (64 km) north of Winnemucca. The town is located in a broad valley, with the Santa Rosa Range of mountains just to the northwest. At the 2010 census, the population of the CDP was 109.
Thatayaone Ditlhokwe
Thatayaone Ditlhokwe (born 21 September 1998) is a Motswana professional footballer who plays as a defender for Libyan Premier League club Al Ittihad, and captains the Botswana national team. He is a full Botswana international, having made thirty-nine appearances and scored two goals since his debut on June 1, 2018.

Botswana national football team
The Botswana national football team (Tswana: Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana) represents Botswana in men's international association football. It is governed by the Botswana Football Association (BFA) which was founded in 1970.

As of December 2025, the team has qualified for two editions of Africa Cup of Nations, in 2012 and 2025, and it has not managed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. The team also participates in the regional COSAFA Cup which is open to Southern African national teams and takes place annually; Botswana's best result in the cup to date is finishing runners-up in the 2016 and 2019 editions.
Michael Piwowar
Michael Piwowar is the executive vice president of Milken Institute Finance and a former American federal government official who served as a Commissioner on the Securities and Exchange Commission from 2013 until 2018.

Milken Institute
The Milken Institute is an American independent, nonpartisan economic think tank based in Santa Monica, California, with offices in Washington, D.C., New York, Miami, London, Abu Dhabi, and Singapore. It publishes research and hosts conferences that apply market-based principles and financial innovations to social issues in the United States and internationally. The institute is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and presents itself as non-ideological.
It Won't Be Me
"It Won't Be Me" is a song written by Tom Shapiro and Chris Waters, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker.  It was released in October 1990 as the third single from the album Tennessee Woman.  The song reached #6 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Tom Shapiro
Tom Curtis Shapiro (born in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American songwriter and occasional record producer, known primarily for his work in country music. To date, he holds four Country Songwriter of the Year awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated, as well as the Songwriter of the Decade award from the Nashville Songwriters Association International. He has also written more than fifty Top Ten hits, including twenty-six Number Ones.
Santa Rosa Integrated Terminal
The Santa Rosa Integrated Terminal (SRIT), also known as the SM City Santa Rosa Transport Terminal, is a bus station in SM City Santa Rosa in Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines. It is the second of three planned provincial intermodal terminals for the south of Manila under a public-private partnership arrangement. Opened on March 26, 2019, the terminal handles province-bound and incoming buses from Calabarzon and the Bicol Region, as well as other provincial buses plying the nautical highway in the south pending the completion of, and as an alternative to, the Taguig Integrated Terminal Exchange.

Bus station
A bus station, bus depot, bus interchange or bus exchange is a structure where city buses or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. A bus station is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop. It may be intended as a terminal station for a number of routes, or as a transfer station where the routes continue.

Bus station platforms may be assigned to fixed bus lines, or variable in combination with a dynamic passenger information system. The latter requires fewer platforms, but does not provide consistent locations for passengers.
Electoral district of Manly
Manly is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, and covers a large portion of the Northern Beaches Council local government area. Created in 1927, although it has historically tended to be a Liberal-leaning seat, Manly has had a history of independent local members. It is represented by James Griffin for the Liberal Party, and was previously represented by the former Premier of New South Wales, Mike Baird.

On 23 January 2017, Baird resigned as Premier and member for Manly, triggering a by-election in the district which was held on 8 April and won by Liberal candidate James Griffin.

Local government areas of New South Wales
This is a list of local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales, sorted by region. As of September 2024 there were 128 local government areas in New South Wales, there are 33 local government areas in Greater Sydney and 95 local government areas amongst 12 regions of Regional New South Wales. All councils are listed below in alphabetical order by region. There is also the Unincorporated Far West Region which is not part of any local government area, in the sparsely inhabited Far West, and Lord Howe Island, which is also unincorporated but self-governed by the Lord Howe Island Board.

Norfolk Island Regional Council is also subject to the state-level legislation of New South Wales.

Local elections are held in New South Wales every four years. The most recent elections were held in September 2024.
Munuscong Lake
Munuscong Lake is a section of the St. Marys River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan, with the northeastern edge of the lake forming part of the riparian bottomland in Algoma District in the Canadian province of Ontario.  Hydrologically the lake and river section are an arm of Lake Huron, and Munuscong Lake shares a common water level with the Great Lake into which it flows.

Munuscong Lake is bounded by the Upper Peninsula, Neebish Island in Michigan, and St. Joseph Island in Ontario.  The lake's surveyed elevation, like Lake Huron, is 581 feet (177 m) above sea level. It drains via the DeTour Passage into Lake Huron.

De Tour Passage Underwater Preserve
The DeTour Passage Underwater Preserve is a preservation area in the U.S. state of Michigan.  Located in Lake Huron, it completely surrounds Drummond Island and includes all of DeTour Passage and adjacent sections of Lake Huron and the St. Mary's River.
Myles Lee
Myles Peter Lee (born 1953) is an Irish businessman. He was the chief executive (CEO) of CRH plc, an Irish multinational diversified building materials company, until his retirement on 1 January 2014, when he was succeeded by Albert Manifold. CRH is Ireland's largest company; its primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Mailfence
Mailfence is a Belgian encrypted email service with a focus on security and privacy that offers OpenPGP based end-to-end encryption and digital signatures for usage in emails. It was launched in November 2013 by ContactOffice Group, which has been operating an online collaboration suite since 1999.

Email encryption
Email encryption is encryption of email messages to protect the content from being read by entities other than the intended recipients. Email encryption may also include authentication.

Email is prone to the disclosure of information. Although many emails are encrypted during transmission, they are frequently stored in plaintext, potentially exposing them to unauthorized access by third parties, including email service providers. By default, popular email services such as Gmail and Outlook do not enable end-to-end encryption. Utilizing certain available tools, unauthorized individuals may access and read the email content.

Email encryption can rely on public-key cryptography, in which users can each publish a public key that others can use to encrypt messages to them, while keeping secret a private key they can use to decrypt such messages or to digitally encrypt and sign messages they send.
Adobe Falls
Adobe Falls is a seasonal waterfall on a tributary of the San Diego River. The area is owned and managed by San Diego State University (SDSU). It is a popular natural tourist attraction, though there is no legal public access to this location. The San Diego Historical Resources Board declared the falls a historic landmark in 1973 (San Diego Historic Landmark #80).

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
IBM 1440
The IBM 1440 computer was announced by IBM October 11, 1962. This member of the IBM 1400 series was described many years later as "essentially a lower-cost version of the 1401", and programs for the 1440 could easily be adapted to run on the IBM 1401.

Despite what IBM described as "special features ... to meet immediate data processing requirements  and ... to absorb increased demands," the 1440 did not quite attain the same commercial success as the 1401, and it was withdrawn on February 8, 1971.

Author Emerson Pugh wrote that the 1440 "did poorly in the marketplace because it was initially offered without the ability to attach magnetic tape units as well." (referring to offering both tape and disk).

Emerson Pugh
Emerson W. Pugh (May 1, 1929 – December 8, 2024) was an American research engineer and scientist, whose career at US corporation IBM spanned several decades and resulted in significant technological advances. He was a leader in magnetic and computer memory technologies and authored several books, including college-level physics textbooks and historical works on IBM.
Nonformal learning
Non-formal learning includes various structured learning situations which do not either have the level of curriculum, institutionalization, accreditation or certification associated with 'formal learning', but have more structure than that associated with 'informal learning', which typically take place naturally and spontaneously as part of other activities. These form the three styles of learning recognised and supported by the OECD.

Examples of non-formal learning include swimming sessions for toddlers, community-based sports programs, and programs developed by organisations such as the Boy Scouts, the Girl Guides, community or non-credit adult education courses, sports or fitness programs, professional conference style seminars, and continuing professional development. The learner's objectives may be to increase skills and knowledge, as well as to experience the emotional rewards associated with increased love for a subject or increased passion for learning.

Seminar
A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates can be conducted.
Swan Vesta
Swan Vestas is a brand of matches. Shorter than normal pocket matches, they are particularly popular with smokers and have long used the tagline "the smoker's match", although this has been replaced by the prefix "the original" on the current packaging. Until 2018 they were "strike-anywhere" matches, but in response to a change in EU regulations banning the necessary chemicals Swan Vestas were changed to be safety matches.

Swan Vestas matches are manufactured under the House of Swan brand, which is also responsible for making other smoking accessories such as cigarette papers, flints and filter tips. The matches are manufactured by Swedish Match in Sweden using local, sustainably grown aspen.

Tagline
In entertainment, a tagline (alternatively spelled tag line) is a short text which serves to clarify a thought for, or is designed with a form of, dramatic effect. Many tagline slogans are reiterated phrases associated with an individual, social group, or product. As a variant of a branding slogan, taglines can be used in marketing materials and advertising.

The idea behind the concept is to create a memorable dramatic phrase that will sum up the tone and premise of an audio/visual product, or to reinforce and strengthen the audience's memory of a literary product. Some taglines are successful enough to warrant inclusion in popular culture.
1969 (Myka 9 album)
1969 is a studio album by American rapper Myka 9. It was released on Fake Four Inc. in 2009. Entirely produced by Canadian producer Factor Chandelier, it features guest appearances from Aceyalone, Busdriver, Awol One, and Gel Roc. The title of the album comes from the year Myka 9 was born and the zeal of that era. In promotion of the album, Myka 9 toured across the United States with Factor, Sole, and Ceschi.

Sole (hip-hop artist)
James Timothy "Tim" Holland Jr. (born September 25, 1977), better known by his stage name Sole, is an American underground hip hop artist from Portland, Maine. He is one of eight co-founders of the record label Anticon. He has been a member of the groups Northern Exposure, Live Poets, Deep Puddle Dynamics, So-Called Artists, Da Babylonianz, Sole and the Skyrider Band and Waco Boyz.
Thomas W. Farley
Thomas W. Farley (born December 10, 1975) is an American entrepreneur and the CEO of Bullish. He previously was the president of NYSE Euronext and the New York Stock Exchange. Farley owns approximately 4% of Bullish.

Bullish
Bullish is a cryptocurrency exchange and blockchain technology company headquartered in George Town, Cayman Islands. The company provides infrastructure and services for the trading of digital assets through the Bullish Exchange platform, which is licensed in Germany, Hong Kong, Gibraltar, and New York State.

As of March 2025, Bullish reported processing US$1.25 trillion in transactions, including US$284.8 billion in Bitcoin and US$144.5 billion in Ethereum trades during 2024. Bullish also owns the media outlet CoinDesk and holds approximately 24,000 Bitcoins.
Arrest of teenage girls on terror charges in Istanbul
On 7 May 2024, in the early morning hours, a large-scale operation was carried out by the  Anti-Terrorism Department units of the Istanbul Police Department in Beylikdüzü district against people associated with the Gülen group including young middle school and high school girls. Thirty-eight people were arrested during the operation and accused of gathering for study sessions and engaging in social activities like playing bowling, ordering food online. The case was referred to in the media as the Girls' Trial (Turkish: Kız Çocukları Davası) because it involved the prosecution of children between the ages of 13 and 17. During the detention, it was alleged that statements were recorded without a lawyer's presence and under psychological pressure. After a 4-day detention period, an arrest warrant was issued for 28 of them on May 10, 2024.

Beylikdüzü
Beylikdüzü (Turkish: [bejˈlicdyzy]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 39 km2, and its population is 415,290 (2024). It is on the European side of Istanbul, located north of the Sea of Marmara, south of Esenyurt, east of Büyükçekmece, and west of Avcılar.
Allobenedenia convoluta
Allobenedenia convoluta is a species of parasitic monogenean in the family Capsalidae. It has been found in the Seto Inland Sea as well as off the coast of Kagoshima Prefecture and as far as off the coast of Xiamen. It has been found infecting the Hong Kong grouper and the convict grouper.

Hyporthodus septemfasciatus
Hyporthodus septemfasciatus, the convict grouper, is a large species of grouper known from the waters of Japan, South Korea and China. Reports from western Australia are treated as misidentifications of Hyporthodus octofasciatus. This species is unique among the groupers that it can tolerate temperatures of down to 8°C (46.4°F) and can grow up to 155 cm and 62.8 kg (61 inches and 138 lbs). This reef-associated species is found at depths of 5-30 m (16 to 98 ft) and feeds on small fishes and crustaceans. In Japan, it is prized as a food fish and commercially cultured.

This species is considered by some researchers to be a member of the genus Epinephelus.
Madhu school bus bombing
The Madhu School bus bombing, also known as Thadchanamadhu claymore attack, was the bombing of a school bus carried out on January 29, 2008, in rebel LTTE controlled area in Thadchanamadhu in  Mannar, Northern province of Sri Lanka. The bombing killed 17 Tamils, including 11 school children, and injured at least 14 more people. The LTTE and NESHOR accused the Sri Lankan Army’s deep penetration unit for the attack but the Army denied the allegations. This attack was the second attack on a civilian bus in the month of January in Sri Lanka.

School bus
A school bus is any type of bus owned, leased, contracted to, or operated by a school or school district. It is regularly used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities, but not including a charter bus or transit bus. Various configurations of school buses are used worldwide; the most iconic examples are the yellow school buses of the United States which are also found in other parts of the world, including Canada.

In North America, school buses are purpose-built vehicles distinguished from other types of buses by design characteristics mandated by federal and state/provincial regulations. In addition to their distinct paint color (National School Bus Glossy Yellow), school buses are fitted with exterior warning lights (to give them traffic priority) and multiple safety devices.
Martti Huhtala
Martti Elias Huhtala (born 12 November 1918 in Rovaniemi, Finland - 25 October 2005 in Rovaniemi) was a Finnish Nordic combined athlete who competed in the late 1940s. He won a silver medal in the Nordic combined Individual at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Spectroswiss
Spectroswiss is a Swiss technology company developing and producing hardware components and software for Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The company was formed in 2014 as a spin-out from the Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Laboratory at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. The company's headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland, with subsidiary in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.