hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minister of the Environment, Climate Change and Nature
The minister of the environment, climate change and nature (French: ministre de l'environnement, du changement climatique et de la nature) is the minister of the Crown responsible for Environment and Climate Change Canada, Parks Canada and the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada.  The minister is a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the Canadian Cabinet.

Julie Dabrusin has been the minister since May 13, 2025. The minister is selected by the prime minister and appointed by the Crown. The role was introduced in 1971 as the minister of environment. Until 1979, the role was also responsible for fisheries. Environment Canada was rebranded to include climate change in its name in 2015, and the minister's title was renamed Minister of Environment and Climate Change. After re-absorbing responsibility for Parks Canada in 2025, the current title was adopted.

Minister of the Crown
Minister of the Crown is a formal constitutional term used in Commonwealth realms to describe a minister of the reigning sovereign or viceroy. The term indicates that the minister serves at His Majesty's pleasure, and advises the sovereign or viceroy on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relating to the minister's department or ministry.
Phola language
Phola, or Upriver Phula, is a dialect cluster of the Loloish languages spoken by the Phula people of China.

Phola proper is spoken by 13,000 people in Honghe County, Gejiu, Shiping County, Jianshui County and Yuanjiang County.

Alo Phola is spoken by 500 people in the village of Tuguozhai (土锅寨), Dashuiping Community (大水平村), Lijiang Township (澧江镇), Yuanjiang County, Yunnan, where they are surrounded by Dai speakers.

Phala is spoken by 12,000 people out of an ethnic population of 13,000 in Honghe, Shiping, Jianshui and Yuanyang Counties.

The representative Phola dialect studied in Pelkey (2011) is that of Luodie (罗垤), Wadie Township (洼垤乡), Yuanjiang County.

Phù Lá people
The Pula or Phù Lá are an ethnic group of Vietnam and China. Most Pula live in Xichou County and Maguan County of Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan and the bordering Lào Cai Province of the Northeast region of Vietnam. Their population in Vietnam is 12,471 in 2019. There are also approximately 4,200 Phù Lá in China, where they are classified as members of the Yi ethnic group.

The Phù Lá speak various Loloish languages, though many are shifting to Vietnamese or to Southwestern Mandarin Chinese (Quan hỏa).

The Phula sing Êmê kha bá and play the ma nhí (bamboo mouth organ), pi tót, and cúc kẹ (nose flute) musical instruments. They celebrate the Gù Shư Mu festival and Ga Ta Ma Chu festival.
Befandriana
Befandriana can refer to several geographical entities on Madagascar:

Befandriana Nord or Befandriana-Avaratra, a city and commune 
Befandriana-Nord District

Befandriana Sud or Befandriana Atsimo, a town and commune

Befandriana-Nord District
Befandriana-Nord or Befandriana-Avaratra (literally North Befandriana) is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Bealanana in north, Andapa to the northeast, Maroantsetra to the east, Mandritsara to the south, Boriziny-Vaovao (formerly Port-Bergé) to the southwest and Antsohihy to the north-west. The area is 8,718.98 km2 (3,366 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 271,314 in 2020.
Euborellia
Euborellia is a genus of earwigs in the subfamily Anisolabidinae. This genus, which has a world-wide distribution, was erected by Malcolm Burr in 1909 and was cited by Srivastava in Part 2 of Fauna of India.

Malcolm Burr
Malcolm Burr (6 July 1878 - 13 July 1954) was an English author, translator, entomologist, and geologist. He taught English at the School of Economics in Istanbul, and spent most of his life in Turkey.
Johor State Route J32
Johor State Route J32, Jalan Muar–Labis is a major road in Johor, Malaysia. It is the longest state road in Johor with the total distance of 87 km (54 mi). It connects the town of Bukit Treh in Muar to Labis via the Muar Bypass. It is also a main route to North–South Expressway Southern Route via Pagoh Interchange. Some of the maps also labelled J24 Jalan Salleh as J32 since the Jalan Salleh is connected to Jalan Muar–Labis. However, that is incorrect label.

Muar Bypass
Muar Bypass (Malay: Jalan Pintasan Muar; Chinese: 麻坡绕道), or Federal Route 224, is a major highway bypass and the first highway built in Bandar Maharani Muar, a royal town in Johor, Malaysia. The 13.8 km (8.6 mi) highway bypass linking Parit Bunga in the northwest to Parit Sakai in the southeast. The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 224 starts at Parit Sakai junctions.
Tabbetha Dobbins
Tabbetha A. Dobbins is an American physicist and an associate professor of Physics & Astronomy at Rowan University, where she also serves as the vice president for research. Her research investigates the relationship between structure and dynamics in composite materials using neutron and X-ray scattering with applications to modern engineering problems in carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, the hydrogen fuel economy and polymer self-assembly.

X-ray scattering techniques
X-ray scattering techniques are a family of analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy.

Note that X-ray diffraction is sometimes considered a sub-set of X-ray scattering, where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography (as in the Figure). However, both scattering and diffraction are related general phenomena and the distinction has not always existed.  Thus Guinier's classic text from 1963 is titled "X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies" so 'diffraction' was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time.
Danny Tusitala
Danny Tusitala (born 18 October 1991 in New Zealand) is a Samoan rugby union player, who plays as a scrum-half for Old Glory DC in Major League Rugby (MLR).

In October 2021, he joined Hawke's Bay in the National Provincial Championship competition as an injury replacement for the remainder of their 2021 Bunnings NPC season.

Tusitala previously played for Auckland in the Mitre 10 Cup and Aurillac in the Pro D2. He has played for Samoa internationally in both the XV and sevens forms of the game.

Stade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne
Stade Aurillacois Cantal Auvergne (commonly known as Aurillac) is a French professional rugby union club that was founded in 1904 and currently play in the Pro D2, the second division of French rugby. Aurillac`s home matches are mostly played at the Stade Jean Alric, which has a capacity of around 9,000.
N-65 National Highway
The National Highway 65 (Urdu: قومی شاہراہ ۶۵) or the N-65 is one of Pakistan National Highway running from Sukkur in Sindh to Quetta in Baluchistan, Pakistan via Shikarpur, Jacobabad, Jaffarabad and Nasirabad. It is a two lane highways with total length of 385 km, divided into 295 km in Baluchistan and the remaining 90 km in the Sindh It is maintained and operated by Pakistan's National Highway Authority.

Jafarabad District
Jafarabad District is a district that lies in the southeastern part of Pakistan's province of Balochistan. Dera Allah Yar, also known as Jhatpat among locals, serves as the district headquarters.  Jafarabad District is sub-divided into two tehsils. According to 2023 Pakistani census Jafarabad district has a population of  594,558.
ERS10
The ERS10 Index is a Bosnian share index of the 10 biggest companies from the power utility sector that are listed on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange (BLSE). The Index was established on 29 December 2005. ERS10 stands for Indeks preduzeća iz sistema Elektroprivrede Republike Srpske, which is Serbian for The Index of the Power Utility Companies of Republika Srpska.

All of the companies listed on this index include the abbreviation a.d. (akcionarsko drušvo) at the end of their name, indicating their status of a public limited company. Other indices on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange are the BIRS (an index of 12 leading shares) and FIRS (an index of 13 privatisation-investment funds).

Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.
Raman Mundair
Raman Mundair (Punjabi: ਰਮਨ ਮੰਡੈਰ) is a British poet, writer, artist and playwright. She was born in Ludhiana, India and moved to live in the UK at the age of five.  She is the author of two volumes of poetry, A Choreographer's Cartography and Lovers, Liars, Conjurers and Thieves – both published by Peepal Tree Press – and The Algebra of Freedom (a play) published by Aurora Metro Press. She edited Incoming – Some Shetland Voices – published by Shetland Heritage Publications.She also moved to Manchester at the age of 5.
Mundair was educated at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and has performed readings of her work at numerous venues Raman's work has been anthologised and received reviews in publications including The Independent, The Herald, World Literature Today and Discovering Scottish.

World Literature Today
World Literature Today (WLT) is an American magazine of international literature and culture, published at the University of Oklahoma. The magazine's stated goal is to publish international essays, poetry, fiction, interviews, and book reviews for a non-academic audience.  It was founded under the name Books Abroad in 1927 by Roy Temple House, a professor at the University of Oklahoma. In January 1977, the journal assumed its present name, World Literature Today.
Isogona snowi
Isogona snowi or Snow's owlet, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by John B. Smith in 1908. It is found in southern Texas and Mexico.

The wingspan is 20–25 millimetres (0.79–0.98 in). Adults are on wing year round.

The larvae feed on Celtis pallida.

Celtis ehrenbergiana
Celtis ehrenbergiana, called the desert hackberry or spiny hackberry, is a plant species that has long been called C. pallida by many authors, including in the "Flora of North America" database. It is native to Arizona, Florida, New Mexico and Texas, and to Latin America as far south as central Argentina. It grows in dry locations such as deserts, brushlands, canyons, mesas and grasslands.

Celtis ehrenbergiana is the only US species of the genus with thorns. In the US, it is a shrub or small tree up to 3 m (10 feet) tall, with thorns on the branches, although it can grow taller in the tropics. Leaves are small for the genus, less than 3 cm (1.2 inches) long and 2 cm (0.8 inches) wide. Flowers are born in cymes of 3–5 flowers. Drupes are orange, yellow or red, juicy, egg-shaped, about 7 mm in diameter, and edible by humans and wildlife.
Day for Darfur
Day for Darfur is an international advocacy campaign that works to bring together activists in cities around the globe in calling for action on the crisis in Darfur, western Sudan.

The Day for Darfur was originally conceived by a group of NGOs working on Darfur concerned about the slow response of the international community to the crisis.  Key participating organisations include Aegis Trust, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, International Crisis Group, and Save Darfur Coalition. There have been four Days for Darfur called since the first took place on September 17, 2006, each focusing on a call to governments and international bodies.

Sigrid Rausing
Sigrid Maria Elisabet Rausing FRSL (born 29 January 1962) is a Swedish philanthropist, anthropologist and publisher. She is the founder of the Sigrid Rausing Trust, one of the United Kingdom's largest philanthropic foundations, and owner of Granta magazine and Granta Books.
María Luisa Mendoza
María Luisa Mendoza (17 May 1930 – 29 June 2018), also known as La China Mendoza,  was a Mexican journalist, novelist and politician. 
In the 2003 mid-term election, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Guanajuato's 9th district during the 53rd session of Congress (1 September 1985 – 31 August 1988) for the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).

9th federal electoral district of Guanajuato
The 9th federal electoral district of Guanajuato (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 09 de Guanajuato) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 15 such districts in the state of Guanajuato.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Diego Ángel Rodríguez Barroso of the National Action Party (PAN).
Costa de Valencia
The Costa de Valencia (Spanish: [ˈkosta ðe βaˈlenθja]; Valencian: Costa de València [ˈkɔsta ðe vaˈlensia], also [ˈkɔstɔ ðe vaˈlensia]; literally meaning "Coast of Valencia") is coastline and tourism region of the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community, Spain. It covers the coast along the Gulf of Valencia on the Balearic Sea in western part of the Mediterranean Sea. It's located around the city of Valencia and extends from the Camp de Morvedre in the north to Safor in the south.

The Costa de Valencia has the most beaches with Blue Flag status in Spain.

To its north is the Costa del Azahar (in province of Castellón) and to the south lies the Costa Blanca (in the province of Alicante).

Balearic Sea
The Balearic Sea (endotoponym: Mar Balear in Catalan and Spanish) also known as Iberian Sea, is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Balearic Islands and mainland Spain. The Ebro River flows into this small sea.
Mo-Ark Baptist Academy
The Mo-Ark Baptist Academy was a Baptist Christian school in Blue Eye, Arkansas.  It is located just south of the western end of Park Street, not far from the state line with Blue Eye, Missouri.  It is a large T-shaped two-story brick building with a hip roof, built in 1918 to house what was initially called the Carroll County Institute.  At first funded by the Arkansas Baptist Convention and the Southern Baptist Convention, it eventually also received funding from Missouri Baptists, and was renamed (first to Mo-Ark Baptist Academy and then Armo Academy).  The school was later expanded to include both boys and girls dormitories; the latter still stands nearby.  The school closed its doors in 1931; the building was used by the Green Forest School District as an elementary school into the 1950s, and has since seen intermittent use as a community center.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Blue Eye, Missouri
Blue Eye is a town in Stone County, Missouri, United States. The population was 289 at the 2020 census. The population estimate is 446 as of 2024. It is part of the Branson Micropolitan Statistical Area. Blue Eye, Missouri is adjacent to Blue Eye, Arkansas.
Ticehurst (surname)
Ticehurst is an English surname. It is not known whether this surname refers to the village of Ticehurst, England or to a similarly named sub-manor of nearby Burwash which has since fallen into disuse. The surname was used as long ago as 1264, and has been used continuously since at least 1432 by a family living in Ashburnham.

In 1881 the surname was found almost entirely on the south coast of England, with the highest concentration of Ticehursts being located in Sussex  but the name has since spread further afield in the UK and also abroad.

Notable people with the surname include:

Claud Buchanan Ticehurst (1881–1941), British ornithologist

Ken Ticehurst (born 1945), Australian politician

Susan Ticehurst, American politician

Vickie Ticehurst, Australian basketball player

Ken Ticehurst
Kenneth Vincent Ticehurst (born 22 January 1945) is a former Australian politician, and was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from November 2001 to 2007, representing the Division of Dobell in New South Wales for the Liberal Party of Australia.
John Arnott (politician)
John Arnott (1871 – 20 February 1942) was a British politician.

Born in Kincardine-on-Forth, Arnott worked as a blacksmith.  He became involved in the trade union movement studied at Ruskin College.  He also became active in the Independent Labour Party and was elected to Leeds City Council.  He led the Labour group on the council from 1917 to 1920, and again from 1922 until 1925.

The ILP was affiliated to the Labour Party, and at the 1918 general election, Arnott stood for it in Leeds West, but was not elected. He then stood in Kingston upon Hull South West repeatedly, losing in 1922, 1923 and 1924.  In 1925, he was chosen as Lord Mayor of Leeds.  He finally won the Hull South West seat at the 1929 general election, and although his candidacy was sponsored by the ILP, he was no longer playing any part in the party, leading him to leave it when it disaffiliated from the Labour Party.

Arnott lost his seat at the 1931 general election, and failed to win it back in 1935.

1922 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Wednesday 15 November 1922. It was won by the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Bonar Law, which gained an overall majority over the Labour Party, led by J. R. Clynes, and a divided Liberal Party.

This election is considered one of political realignment, with the Liberal Party falling to third-party status. The Conservative Party went on to spend all but eight of the next forty-two years as the largest party in Parliament, and Labour emerged as the main competition to the Conservatives.

The election was the first not to be held in Southern Ireland, due to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, under which Southern Ireland was to secede from the United Kingdom as a Dominion – the Irish Free State – on 6 December 1922. This reduced the size of the House of Commons by nearly one hundred seats when compared to the previous election.
Jan Heem
Jan Heem (end 13th century – beginning 14th century) was a Flemish craftsman and politician. He was co-leader of the Bruges Matins massacre of 1302 but does not appear with Jan Breydel and Pieter de Coninck on the statue that stands in the marketplace of Bruges.

When the rebels took over the city of Bruges in March 1302, he was appointed as mayor. He was a simple guildsman who was often seen at the side of Pieter de Coninck. During the period 1323 - 1328, and at the Battle of Cassel, Jan Heem was one of the leaders of Bruges.

Battle of Cassel (1328)
On 23 August 1328, the Battle of Cassel took place near the city of Cassel, 30 km south of Dunkirk in present-day France. Philip VI (King of France from 1328 to 1350) fought Nicolaas Zannekin, a wealthy farmer from Lampernisse. Zannekin was the leader of a band of Flemish rebels. The fighting erupted over taxation and punitive edicts of the French over the Flemish. The battle was won decisively by the French. Zannekin and about 3,200 Flemish rebels were killed in the battle.
Romantic Rhythms Music Festival
Romantic Rhythms Music Festival is a music festival that is set to take place in Antigua and Barbuda every year during the slow tourism season of May/June. The inaugural festival took place from the 13 to 16 June 2008. Headliners then included Keyshia Cole, Shaggy, Lionel Richie, Kenny Rogers, Musiq Soulchild, Damian Marley, Destra Garcia, Brian McKnight and Maxi Priest. The first festival took place at the Sir Vivian Richards Cricket Grounds built for 2007 Cricket World Cup.

Musiq Soulchild
Taalib Hassan Johnson (born September 16, 1977), better known by his stage name Musiq Soulchild (or simply Musiq; pronounced "music") is an American singer-songwriter. His music blends R&B, funk, blues, jazz, and gospel influences fused with hip hop.

He signed with Def Soul to release his debut studio album, Aijuswanaseing (2000). It moderately entered the Billboard 200, while his second album, Juslisen (2002), peaked atop the chart and spawned the single "Halfcrazy", his highest entry—at number 16—on the Billboard Hot 100. He released third album, Soulstar (2003), before parting ways with the label in favor of Atlantic Records. The label released his fourth album, Luvanmusiq (2007), which peaked atop the Billboard 200 once more.
2007 in Michigan
This article reviews 2007 in Michigan, including the state's major office holders, performance of its sports teams, a chronology of the state's top news and sports stories, and notable Michigan-related births and deaths.

2006–07 Detroit Pistons season
The 2006–07 Detroit Pistons season was the 66th season of the franchise, the 59th in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the 50th in the Detroit area. The Pistons began the season hoping to improve upon their 64–18 output from the previous season. However, they came eleven wins shy of tying it, finishing 53–29. Whatsoever, these were enough wins to lead the conference at 1st in a lackluster east. After signing Nazr Mohammed and hometown native Chris Webber to offset the loss of Ben Wallace during the off-season, the Pistons were able to reach the Eastern Conference finals for the fifth consecutive season, becoming the first team since the 1992–93 Chicago Bulls to do so. In the Eastern Conference finals, they were defeated by the eventual Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers in six games. The Pistons had the sixth best team defensive rating in the NBA. Following the season, Webber was released.
Blahodatne, Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Blahodatne (Ukrainian: Благодатне; Russian: Благодатное, romanized: Blagodatnoye) is a village located in Bakhmut Raion of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Bakhmut.

Bakhmut Raion
Bakhmut Raion (Ukrainian: Бахмутський район, romanized: Bakhmutskyi raion), known as Artemivsk Raion (Ukrainian: Артемівський район) between 1924 and 2016, is a raion (district) within the northeastern part of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Bakhmut. Its area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 sq mi), and its population is approximately 220,275 (2022 estimate).
McCrudden
McCrudden is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan McCrudden (born 1955), American soccer player

Ian McCrudden, American film director

Niall McCrudden (died 2010), Irish music promoter

Dan McCrudden
Dan McCrudden is an American retired soccer forward who played in the North American Soccer League and American Soccer League.

McCrudden attended Rhode Island University where he played on the soccer team from 1974 to 1977.  He led the team in scoring all four seasons and was a 1977 Honorable Mention (third team) All American.  In 1998, he was inducted into the Rams Hall of Fame.  In 1978, the Chicago Sting selected McCrudden in the first round (16th overall) of the North American Soccer League draft.  He played one season with the sting, and another five seasons in the American Soccer League where he was a 1980 All Star.