hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emmelina monodactyla
Emmelina monodactyla (also known as the T-moth or morning-glory plume moth) is a moth of the family Pterophoridae found in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Halim El-Dabh
Halim Abdul Messieh El-Dabh (Arabic: حليم عبد المسيح الضبع, Ḥalīm ʻAbd al-Masīḥ al-Ḍabʻ; 4 March 1921 – 2 September 2017) was an Egyptian-American composer, musician, ethnomusicologist, and educator, who had a career spanning six decades. He is particularly known as an early pioneer of electronic music. In 1944 he composed one of the earliest known works of tape music, or musique concrète. From the late 1950s to early 1960s he produced influential work at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center.

Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of music-making through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches. This discipline emerged from comparative musicology, initially focusing on non-Western music, but later expanded to embrace the study of all different music.

The practice of ethnomusicology relies on direct engagement and performance, as well as academic work. Fieldwork takes place among those who make the music, engaging local languages and culture as well as music. Ethnomusicologists can become participant observers, learning to perform the music they are studying. Fieldworkers also collect recordings and contextual data.
Great Lakes XTBG
The Great Lakes XTBG-1 was an American prototype torpedo bomber, intended for service in the United States Navy as part of that service's plan to modernise its aerial striking force in the mid-1930s. The XTBG-1 was outperformed by the competing TBD Devastator, however, in addition to having instability problems and only a single prototype of the three-seat design was constructed during 1935.

Torpedo bomber
A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes. Torpedo bombers came into existence just before the First World War almost as soon as aircraft were built that were capable of carrying the weight of a torpedo, and remained an important aircraft type until they were rendered obsolete by anti-ship missiles. They were an important element in many famous Second World War battles, notably the British attack at Taranto, the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck, the sinking of the British battleship HMS Prince Of Wales and the British battlecruiser HMS Repulse and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
Ngauranga Gorge
The Ngauranga Gorge is in the Wellington Region of New Zealand. State Highway 1 runs through the gorge, a vital link between central Wellington City and its northern suburbs and Porirua City and the Kāpiti Coast; it is the main route north out of Wellington. It is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and has a grade of approximately 8 percent. As of 2018, 74,000 vehicles per day travelled through the gorge, and it connects the Wellington Urban Motorway with the Johnsonville–Porirua Motorway.

The name is derived from the former Ngā Uranga pā at the foot of the gorge. Early records spell the name as Ngauranga or Ngahauranga.

Wellington Region
Greater Wellington, also known as the Wellington Region (Māori: Te Upoko o te Ika), is the southernmost region of the North Island of New Zealand. The local government region covers an area of 8,049 square kilometres (3,108 sq mi), and has a population of 543,400 (June 2025).

The region takes its name from Wellington, New Zealand's capital city and the region's seat. The Wellington urban area, including the cities of Wellington, Porirua, Lower Hutt, and Upper Hutt, accounts for 79 percent of the region's population; other major urban areas include the  Kapiti conurbation (Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki) and the town of Masterton.
Curia Calabra
The Curia Calabra was a religious station or templum used for the ritual observation of the new moon in ancient Rome. Although its exact location is unclear, it was most likely a roofless enclosure in front of an augural hut (auguraculum), on the southwest flank of the Area Capitolina, the precinct of the Temple of Capitoline Jupiter. Servius identifies the Curia Calabra with a Casa Romuli ("Hut of Romulus") on the Capitoline, but Macrobius implies that it was adjacent to the Casa.

The Roman calendar was originally lunar. On the Kalends or first day of each month, the pontifex minor occupied the Curia Calabra to await the sighting of the new moon. The Rex Sacrificulus and the pontifex then carried out a res divina (religious service) and sacrifice in honor of Juno, and the Roman people were called to assembly (in comitia calata). Like calata, the name Calabra probably derives from calare, "to summon" or "proclaim".

Servius the Grammarian
Servius, distinguished as Servius the Grammarian (Latin: Servius or Seruius Grammaticus), was a late fourth-century and early fifth-century grammarian. He earned a contemporary reputation as the most learned man of his generation in Italy. He authored a set of commentaries on the works of Virgil; these works, In Tria Virgilii Opera Expositio ("Exposition on Three Works of Virgil"), Commentarii in Virgilium ("Commentaries on Virgil"), Commentarii in Vergilii Opera ("Commentaries on the Works of Vergil"), or Vergilii Carmina Commentarii ("Commentaries on the Poems of Virgil"), constituted the first incunable to be printed at Florence, by Bernardo Cennini, in 1471.

In the Saturnalia of Macrobius, Servius appears as one of the interlocutors; allusions in that work and a letter from Symmachus to Servius indicate that he was not a convert to Christianity.
František Repka
František Repkais a Slovak skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Repka was born on 9 January in 1966. He played the sport Nordic Combined and finished #30 playing from the team TCH.

Nordic combined at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of two events, held from 23 February to 28 February. The ski jumping portion took place at Canada Olympic Park, while the cross-country portion took place at Canmore Nordic Centre.

The Calgary Games saw two substantial changes in the Nordic combined program. A team event was added, marking the first time that more than one medal would be awarded in Nordic combined. The combined events also changed their format, replacing the points-based system used in previous years with the Gundersen method, in which ski jumping points totals were translated to time gaps for a pursuit cross-country race. This change ensured that the first competitor across the finish line in the cross-country race was the overall Olympic champion.
Salaakhen (1975 film)
Salaakhen is a 1975 Hindi movie produced by Parvesh Mehra and directed by A. Salaam. It stars Shashi Kapoor, Sulakshana Pandit, A. K. Hangal, Mehmood, Amrish Puri and Ramesh Deo. The music was composed by Ravindra Jain. The rights to this film are owned by Shah Rukh Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment.

A. K. Hangal
Avtar Kishan Hangal (1 February 1914 – 26 August 2012) was an Indian freedom fighter and actor. His most notable roles are as Ram Shastri in Aaina (1977), as Inder Sen in Shaukeen, as Bipinlal Pandey in Namak Haraam, as Imaam Saa'b in Sholay, as Anokhelal in Manzil and the antagonist in Prem Bandhan and the 16 films he did with Rajesh Khanna. He has acted in around 225 Hindi films in a career spanning from 1966 to 2005.
Agriculture in Tonga
Agriculture in Tonga is largely based on the farming of yams, squash, and root crops. Agriculture consists of 16–29.9% of Tonga's GDP, 34% of its labour force, and about 50% of its exports. Since the 1980s, Tonga's agricultural exports expanded to include vanilla, watermelons, sugar, and legumes.

With the expansion of the archipelago's population, climate change, and competitive markets, Tonga has trouble keeping up with competitive demand.

Yam (vegetable)
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers (some other species in the genus being toxic).

Yams are perennial herbaceous vines native to Africa, Asia, and the Americas and cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions. The tubers themselves, also called "yams", come in a variety of forms owing to numerous cultivars and related species.
Tulipa (Portuguese footballer)
Manuel Jorge da Silva Cruz (born 16 October 1972), known as Tulipa, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder, currently manager of Armenian Premier League club Ararat-Armenia.

He totalled 183 games and 25 goals in the Primeira Liga, for Paços de Ferreira, Salgueiros (three spells), Belenenses, Boavista, Marítimo and Farense. Abroad, he played in La Liga for Salamanca.

Tulipa began working as a manager in 2005, leading Trofense and Vizela in the top flight.

F.C. Paços de Ferreira
Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpasuʒ ðɨ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]) is a Portuguese professional football club based in Paços de Ferreira, district of Porto. Founded in 1950, the club competes in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at the 9,076 seat Estádio Capital do Móvel The club's colours are yellow and green. The club is owned 100% by its members ("sócios").

They have won four Segunda Liga titles (now Liga Portugal 2), and in 2007 they qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time. In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, the team finished third and qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League play-offs for the first time in their history. They were also runners-up of the 2008–09 Taça de Portugal, the 2009 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2010–11 Taça da Liga.
Oktedi rainbowfish
The Oktedi rainbowfish (Melanotaenia oktediensis) is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to the Ok Tedi River, part of the Fly River system in southern Papua New Guinea.  Its natural habitat is rivers.

Ok Tedi River
The Ok Tedi is a river in New Guinea. The Ok Tedi Mine is located near the headwaters of the river, which is sourced in the Star Mountains. It is the second largest tributary of the Fly River. Nearly the entirety of the Ok Tedi runs through the North Fly District of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, but the river crosses the international boundary with Indonesia for less than one kilometre. The largest settlement of the Western Province, Tabubil is located near its banks.
Vision therapy
Vision therapy (VT), or behavioral optometry, is an umbrella term for alternative medicine treatments using eye exercises, based around the pseudoscientific claim that vision problems are the true underlying cause of learning difficulties, particularly in children. Vision therapy has not been shown to be effective using scientific studies, except for helping with convergence insufficiency. Most claims—for example that the therapy can address neurological, educational, and spatial difficulties—lack supporting evidence. Neither the American Academy of Pediatrics nor the American Academy of Ophthalmology support the use of vision therapy.

American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) is an academic association of pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus surgeons. The pediatric ophthalmology fellowships in the United States are accredited by the AAPOS. International members are also allowed based on evident valuable contributions and dedication to the field of pediatric ophthalmology.

The association also publishes the Journal of AAPOS as its official publication. The journal presents papers on children's eye diseases and on strabismus. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Embase, ProQuest databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
What We Do in Secret
What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs.

Phinehas (band)
Phinehas is an American metalcore band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2001. The group consists of vocalist Sean McCulloch, guitarist Daniel Gailey, bassist Bryce Kelley and drummer Isaiah Perez. They are currently signed to Solid State Records and have released five studio albums. Their most recent studio album, The Fire Itself, was released on August 27, 2021.
Scaevola crassifolia
Scaevola crassifolia is a shrub in the family Goodeniaceae, native to Western Australia and South Australia. Common names include cushion fanflower, thick-leaved fanflower and thick-leaved scaevola. It grows up to 1.5 metres high and 3 metres wide and produces white, blue or pale purple flowers from July to February in its native range.

The similarity to Scaevola nitida is very close - the difference being S. nitida is a larger shrub with thinner leaves.

Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical. Its species are found across most of Australia, being especially common in arid and semi-arid climates.
Hett, County Durham
Hett is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Croxdale and Hett, in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated a few miles south of Durham. Hett is largely surrounded by farmland. To the south, rape fields are predominant while at the northern end, cattle are grazed all year round. To the north-west of Hett lies Sunderland Bridge, a small hamlet with a population of under 50 people (2004). Hett contains a small pond, village hall and a football pitch.

Hett gives its name to an igneous dyke which cuts through the local Coal Measures rocks.
Hett is under the constituency of Newton Aycliffe and Spennymoor

Dike (geology)
In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body. Dikes can be either magmatic or sedimentary in origin. Magmatic dikes form when magma flows into a crack then solidifies as a sheet intrusion, either cutting across layers of rock or through a contiguous mass of rock. Clastic dikes are formed when sediment fills a pre-existing crack.
Gölgeli, Kahta
Gölgeli (Kurdish: Bervedol) is a village in the Kâhta District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 393 in 2021.

The hamlets of Atlı, Bulut and Sırakaya are attached to the village.

Reşwan
Reşwan, (Kurdish: ڕەشوان, Reşwan; Turkish: Rişvan) also known as Reşiyan,  is a Kurdish tribe, native to the western frontier of Kurdistan,  mostly populating Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş and Malatya provinces in Turkey and also present in Konya and Ankara provinces, Raqqa in Syria, and they live in Gilan, Khorasan province Qazvin Province citisies in Iran. Members of the tribe mostly adhere to the Hanafi school of Islam but some are Alevi.
Franklin Templeton Investments
Franklin Resources, Inc. is an American multinational investment management holding company that, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to as Franklin Templeton; it is a global investment firm founded in New York City in 1947 as Franklin Distributors, Inc. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol BEN, in honor of Benjamin Franklin, for whom the company is named, and who was admired by founder Rupert Johnson Sr. In 1973, the company's headquarters moved from New York to San Mateo, California.

Ticker symbol
A ticker symbol or stock symbol is an abbreviation used to uniquely identify publicly traded shares of a particular stock or security on a particular stock exchange. Ticker symbols are arrangements of symbols or characters (generally Latin letters or digits) which provide a shorthand for investors to refer to, purchase, and research securities. Some exchanges include ticker extensions, which encode additional information such as share class, bankruptcy status, or voting rights into the ticker.

The first ticker symbol was used in 1867, following the invention of the ticker tape machine by Edward Calahan. It was used to identify shares of the Union Pacific Railroad Company.
Pidal
Pidal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Juan Menéndez Pidal (1858–1915), Spanish archivist, jurisconsult, historian, and poet

Luis Menéndez Pidal (1861–1932), Spanish genre painter, brother of Juan and Ramón Menéndez Pidal

Luis Menéndez Pidal y Alvarez (1896–1975), Spanish architect, his son

Pidal María Goyri de Menéndez (1873–1955), Spanish Hispanist, wife of Ramón Menéndez Pidal

Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968), Spanish philologist and historian

Ramón Menéndez Pidal
Ramón Menéndez Pidal (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈmom meˈnendeθ piˈðal]; 13 March 1869 – 14 November 1968) was a Spanish philologist and historian. He worked extensively on the history of the Spanish language and Spanish folklore and folk poetry. One of his main topics was the history and legend of El Cid. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 26 separate years, the most nominations of any other person.
Baby Mine (1917 film)
Baby Mine is a 1917 American silent comedy film directed by both John S. Robertson and Hugo Ballin and starring Madge Kennedy. The picture marked Kennedy's screen debut and was one of the first films produced by Samuel Goldwyn as an independent after founding his own studio.

The film is based on a 1910 Broadway play Baby Mine by Margaret Mayo. The story was filmed once again as Baby Mine (1928) with Charlotte Greenwood at MGM, the successor to Goldwyn Pictures. This version, however, at one time thought lost, is held in the French archive Cinematheque Francais.

Samuel Goldwyn
Samuel Goldwyn (/ˈɡoʊldwɪn/ GOHLD-win; born Szmuel Gelbfisz; Yiddish: שמואל געלבפֿיש; July 1879 – January 31, 1974) was a Polish-born American film producer and pioneer in the American film industry, who produced the United States's first major motion picture. He was best known for being the founding contributor and executive of several motion picture studios. He was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award (1973), the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award (1947), and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (1958).
Kubka
Kubka is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Branislav Kubka (born 1988), Slovak professional ice hockey player

František Kubka (1894–1969), Czech writer, journalist, diplomat and politician

Jacek Kubka (born 1967), Polish sports shooter

Martyna Kubka (born 2001), Polish tennis player

Branislav Kubka
Branislav Kubka (born August 15, 1988) is a Slovak professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for HKM Zvolen of the Tipsport Liga.

Kubka made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Plzeň during the 2013-14 Czech Extraliga season.
Disappearance of Sudiksha Konanki
Sudiksha Konanki (born December 13, 2004; last seen on March 6, 2025) is a 20-year-old Indian missing  person. A permanent U.S. resident and a pre-medical student at University of Pittsburgh, she was last seen on March 6, 2025. On spring break with a few of her friends at Hotel Riu Republica in Punta Cana, she was reported to have last been seen with an American on the beach, who has since returned to the U.S., after her disappearance.

RIU Hotels
RIU Hotels & Resorts was founded in Mallorca, Spain, in 1953, as a small family holiday business by the Riu family, the original and current owners, now in its third generation. The company specialises in holiday accommodation and over 74% of its establishments offer its renowned All Inclusive by RIU service.
Road Trips Volume 3 Number 2
Road Trips Volume 3 Number 2 is two-CD live album by the American rock band the Grateful Dead.  The tenth in their "Road Trips" series of albums, it was released on February 24, 2010.  It contains the complete concert recorded on November 15, 1971, at Austin Memorial Auditorium in Austin, Texas.  This concert was the 16th concert after Keith Godchaux joined the Grateful Dead on piano.  Ron "Pigpen" McKernan did not perform at this or any of the October and November, 1971 concerts due to poor health.

A third, "bonus" disc was included with early shipments of the album.  The bonus disc contains material from the concert held the previous evening, November 14, 1971, at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas.

Other live Grateful Dead albums recorded during this same concert tour are Dick's Picks Volume 2, Grateful Dead Download Series Volume 3, and Dave's Picks Volume 26.

Grateful Dead Download Series Volume 3
Download Series Volume 3 is a live album by the rock band Grateful Dead. It was recorded on October 26, 1971, at the Palestra in Rochester, New York, and released as a digital download on July 5, 2005.

This marks the fifth show with new keyboardist Keith Godchaux, who joined the band due to Ron "Pigpen" McKernan's declining health. This release presents an almost complete concert, with the exception of "Beat It On Down the Line" which was played after "Loser" but was omitted from the album. The album was mastered in HDCD by Jeffrey Norman.
Eremaea ectadioclada
Eremaea ectadioclada is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with small leaves, and orange-coloured flowers on the ends of the long branches which grew in the previous year.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Modulus of smoothness
In mathematics, moduli of smoothness are used to quantitatively measure smoothness of functions. Moduli of smoothness generalise modulus of continuity and are used in approximation theory and numerical analysis to estimate errors of approximation by polynomials and splines.

Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a function defined piecewise by polynomials.
In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees.

In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term spline more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial (parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design.

The term spline comes from the flexible spline devices used by shipbuilders and draftsmen to draw smooth shapes.