hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hershel of Ostropol
Hershel of Ostropol (Yiddish: הערשעלע אסטראפאלער, romanized: Hershele Ostropoler, Little Hersh of Ostropol; 1757–1811) is a prominent figure in Jewish humor. Hershel was a badchen from Ostropol, Crown Poland (now Ukraine), who lived in poverty and targeted the rich and powerful, both Jew and Gentile. Common folks were not safe from his shenanigans, either, but usually got off lightly. He is also remembered by Ukrainian Gentiles as something of an ethnic folk hero, who could take on establishment forces much larger than himself with nothing but his humor.

Hershel was originally a shochet who, having offended some of his townspeople with his humor, left, wandered, and "found his calling" as court jester of the Baal Shem Tov's grandson. Publicity for the transition to reputation as a jokester is traced to a 1920s writer named Chaim Bloch and a book he wrote.

Shechita
In Judaism, shechita (anglicized: /ʃəxiːˈtɑː/; Hebrew: שחיטה; [ʃχiˈta]; also transliterated shehitah, shechitah, shehita) is ritual slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to kashrut. One who practices this, a kosher butcher, is called a shochet.
We Belong Together: 6 Years of Success
We Belong Together: 6 Years of Success is the first compilation album by Dutch-English pop group Caught in the Act. It was released by ZYX Music on 24 August 1998 in German-speaking Europe. The album peaked at number 29 on the German Albums Chart.

Geographical distribution of German speakers
This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the German language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Germanosphere (German: Deutscher Sprachraum) in Europe, German-speaking minorities are present in many other countries and on all six inhabited continents.

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages or which were later acknowledged as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million as a second language, and 75–100 million as a foreign language. This would imply approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide.
Tuzovskiy (volcano)
Tuzovskiy (Russian: Тузо́вский), also sometimes transliterated as Tuzovsky, is a shield volcano located in the northern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. It comprises three shield volcanoes from which Tuzovsky is the higher one.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Diego de Pontac
Diego Pontac, later in life Diego de Pontac  (1603 in Loarre – 1654 in Madrid) was a Spanish composer. He began his career as a pupil at Saragossa Cathedral, and ended his career at the Court of Madrid as teniente de maestro (deputy master) of the Royal Chapel of Philip IV of Spain.

Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe Domingo Victor de la Cruz de Austria y Austria, Portuguese: Filipe III; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: Rey Planeta), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.

By the time of his death, the Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometres (4.7 million square miles) in area, the largest empire in the world, but in other aspects was in decline, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform. He was succeeded on his death by his young son Charles II as King of Spain and in 1640 (with the collapse of the Iberian Union) by John IV as King of Portugal.
Rastapur, Karnataka
Rastapur is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Rastapur is under Shahapur Taluka of Yadgir district in Karnataka.  Rastapur is 6 km by road east of the village of Sagar and 6.5 km by road northwest of the village of Hattigudur. The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

Shahapur, Karnataka
Shahapur, also informally known as SagarNadu, is a city and taluka headquarter located in the Yadgir district of Indian state of Karnataka. Shahapur is 597 km north of Bangalore and well connected by road to Gulbarga (70 km), Hyderabad (240 km), Bidar (160 km), Raichur (90 km) and Yadgir (32 km).
Maebashi Station
Maebashi Station (前橋駅, Maebashi-eki) is a passenger railway station in the city of Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is one of two main railway stations of central Maebashi; the other is Chūō Maebashi Station of the private railway operator Jōmō Electric Railway. In 2020, the station was renovated into an "Ecoste" station, a station with a focus on environmental conservation.

Jōmō Line
The Jōmō Line (上毛線, Jōmō-sen) is a railway line in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, operated by Jōmō Electric Railway Company (上毛電気鉃道 Jōmō Denki Tetsudō), also known as Jomo Dentetsu. It runs between Maebashi and Kiryū and is 25.4 km long. Eighteen of its stations opened on November 10, 1928, with one station added in each of the years 1933, 1939, 1993, and 1994.
2025 Charlottetown-Hillsborough Park provincial by-election
A by-election took place on August 12, 2025, in the provincial riding of Charlottetown-Hillsborough Park to elect a member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island. It was held on the same day as a by-election in Brackley-Hunter River.

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Natalie Jameson, who resigned on February 11, 2025, to stand as the Conservative Party of Canada candidate for Charlottetown in the 2025 Canadian federal election. She was not elected. Jameson's husband Dennis was the Progressive Conservative candidate in the by-election.

It was originally announced that the by-election would take place on August 11, however, there was an error on the Election Date Calculation Tool used by Elections PEI.

Charlottetown (electoral district)
Charlottetown is a federal electoral district in Prince Edward Island, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. The district, which includes the entire City of Charlottetown, has an area of 46 km2 and a population of 34,562 as of 2011.

Formerly known as Hillsborough, it was formed in 1966 from the old Queen's district, and elected its first MP in 1968. It was redrawn and renamed Charlottetown in 2003.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding gained territory newly annexed by the City of Charlottetown in the Marshfield area from the adjacent Malpeque riding. This change came into effect upon the calling for the 2025 Canadian federal election.
TSTA3
GDP-L-fucose synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TSTA3 gene.

Tissue specific transplantation antigen P35B is a NADP(H)-binding protein. It catalyze the two-step epimerase and the reductase reactions in GDP-D-mannose metabolism, converting GDP-4-keto-6-D-deoxymannose to GDP-L-fucose. GDP-L-fucose is the substrate of several fucosyltransferases involved in the expression of many glycoconjugates, including blood group ABH antigens and developmental adhesion antigens. Mutations in this gene may cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Mutter's Ridge
Mutter's Ridge was the name given by U.S. Marines to the Núi Cây Tre ("Bamboo Mountain") ridge, in Quảng Trị Province. The ridge was formed by Hills 461, 484 and 400 and overlooked the southern edge of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) to the north and Route 9 to the south.

The ridge was contested between the Marines and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) starting with Operation Prairie in August 1966 and was named for the radio callsign of the 3rd Battalion 4th Marines which secured the ridge in September/October 1966.

From 1966 to 1969, the Marines variously established and abandoned bases along the ridge to support operations against the PAVN, including Landing Zone Mack on Hill 484, Landing Zone Margo and Landing Zone Sierra.

It is on this ridge that Larry Burrows shot his famous picture of a wounded black sergeant "reaching out" to a white comrade sitting in the mud.

Quảng Trị province
Quảng Trị (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kʷâŋ ʈ͡ʂîˀ]) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Huế to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east, with 75 kilometres (47 mi) of coast.
William Perry Herring McFaddin
William Perry Herring McFaddin (1856–1935), known as Perry, was a rancher and early landowner in the early years of Beaumont, Texas.  Under William McFaddin, the McFaddin Ranches of Beaumont reached their greatest extent. The Spindletop oil gusher was located on land leased from McFaddin.  The site of Port Arthur, Texas, was purchased from McFaddin by Arthur Edward Stilwell.  Former pieces of the McFaddin Ranches now make up Sea Rim State Park, the McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge, and the J.D. Murphree Wildlife Management Area.  The McFaddin-Ward House was erected on his homestead and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Spindletop
Spindletop is an oil field located in the southern portion of Beaumont, Texas, in the United States. The Spindletop dome was derived from the Louann Salt evaporite layer of the Jurassic geologic period. On January 10, 1901, a well at Spindletop struck oil ("came in"). The Spindletop gusher blew for 9 days at a rate estimated at 100,000 barrels (16,000 m3) of oil per day. Gulf Oil and Texaco, now part of Chevron Corporation, were formed to develop production at Spindletop. The Spindletop discovery led the United States into the oil age. Prior to Spindletop, oil was primarily used for lighting and as a lubricant. Because of the quantity of oil discovered, burning petroleum as a fuel for mass consumption suddenly became economically feasible.

The frenzy of oil exploration and the economic development it generated in the state became known as the Texas oil boom. The United States soon became the world's leading oil producer.
Senna armata
Senna armata is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names spiny senna and desert senna. It is native to the desert regions around the intersection of Nevada, Arizona, eastern California and northern Baja California, where it grows in sandy and rocky habitat, such as arroyos. It is a shrub growing up to a meter tall, its grooved, branching stems often narrowing to thorns at their tips. The spiny branches are coated in tubular hairs which help protect it from hot desert air. The spine-tipped leaves are each made up of two to four pairs of small leaflets. The leaves are ephemeral, dropping soon after emerging, leaving the shrub naked most of the time. Flowers occur singly or in small clusters in leaf axils. They are fragrant and showy, with five petals in shades of yellow to salmon pink, each measuring roughly a centimeter long. The fruit is a legume pod up to 4 centimeters long.

Arroyo (watercourse)
An arroyo (/ə.ˈrɔɪ.oʊ/, from the Spanish arroyo (Spanish: [aˈroʝo], "brook") or wash is a dry watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain. Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms. It is akin to the Catalan rambla, which stems from the Arabic rámla, "dry river".

Similar landforms are referred to as wadi (in North Africa and Western Asia), chapp in the Gobi, laagate in the Kalahari, donga in South Africa, nullah in India, fiumare in Italy, and dry valley in England.

The desert dry wash biome is restricted to the arroyos of the southwestern United States. Arroyos provide a water source to desert animals.
Angelina (Bob Dylan song)
"Angelina" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, recorded on March 26, 1981, for his album Shot of Love but not included on the record. The song was written by Dylan and produced by Jimmy Iovine. A version was released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991 on March 26, 1991, exactly ten years later. A different take was issued on The Bootleg Series Vol. 16: Springtime in New York 1980–1985 in 2021. Critics have expressed their lack of understanding of the lyrics, whilst generally affording the song a positive reception. Dylan's rhyming of the name in the title of the song with "concertina", "hyena", "subpoena", "Argentina" and "arena" has attracted commentary, with scholar Nicholas Birns calling the rhymes "bravura and ... provocative".

Danny Kortchmar
Daniel Kortchmar (born April 6, 1946), also known as Danny Kootch, is an American guitarist, session musician, producer and songwriter. His work with singer-songwriters such as Don Henley, Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, David Crosby, Carole King, David Cassidy, Graham Nash, Neil Young, Steve Perry, and Carly Simon helped define the signature sound of the singer-songwriter era of the 1970s. Jackson Browne and Don Henley have recorded many songs written or co-written by Kortchmar, and Kortchmar was Henley's songwriting and producing partner in the 1980s.
J. Massey Rhind
John Massey Rhind (9 July 1860 – 22 October 1936) was a Scottish-American sculptor.  Among Rhind's better known works is the Stephenson Grand Army of the Republic Memorial and the marble statue of Dr. Crawford W. Long, located in the National Statuary Hall Collection, in Washington D.C. (1926).

Muskegon, Michigan
Muskegon (/məˈskiːɡən/ mə-SKEE-gən) is a city in and the county seat of Muskegon County, Michigan, United States. Situated around a harbor of Lake Michigan, Muskegon is known for fishing, sailing regattas, and boating. It is the most populous city along Lake Michigan's eastern shore. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 38,318. The city is administratively autonomous from adjacent Muskegon Township, and several locations in Muskegon Township and other surrounding townships have Muskegon addresses.

Muskegon is the center of the Muskegon metropolitan statistical area, which is coextensive with Muskegon County and had a population of 175,824 as of the 2020 census. It is also part of the larger Grand Rapids-Kentwood-Muskegon-combined statistical area.
4450th Tactical Group
The 4450th Tactical Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was headquartered at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, and operationally located at Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada. It was inactivated on 5 October 1989.

The United States Air Force F-117A Stealth Fighter program began on 15 October 1979 with the activation of the Tactical Air Command 4450th Tactical Group (TG) at the Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada.  The 4450th Tactical Group was a pathfinder unit, moving the F-117A from the research and development stage to becoming a fully operational weapons system.

On 10 November 1988, the Air Force officially announced the F-117A's existence to the public, and set the 4450th on the road to inactivation.  On 5 October 1989, its F-117A aircraft, equipment personnel and mission were transferred to the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing was transferred from George Air Force Base, California, to carry out the F-117's sensitive worldwide mission.

Air National Guard
The Air National Guard (ANG), also known as the Air Guard, is a federal military reserve force of the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as the "air militia" of each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It, along with the Army National Guard component of each state, district, commonwealth or territory, makes up the National Guard of each region as applicable. Additionally, the ANG and the United States Air Force Reserve constitute the two air reserve components of the USAF.

When Air National Guard units are used under the jurisdiction of the state governor they are fulfilling their militia role. However, when federalized by order of the president of the United States, ANG units become an active part of the U.S. Air Force. They are jointly administered by the states and the National Guard Bureau, a joint bureau of the Army and Air Force that oversees the U.S. National Guard.
Drama League Award for Outstanding Production of a Musical
The Drama League Award for Outstanding Production of a Musical is a theater award presented annually since 1996 by The Drama League for the most outstanding new musical of the theater season.

Stephen Sondheim is the writer/composer with the most wins, winning three, followed closely by David Yazbek, Scott Wittman, Marc Shaiman and Harvey Fierstein with two each. Jeanine Tesori holds the record for most nominations (and most nominations without a win) with eight.

Several shows have been nominated multiple times in consecutive years, including Hamilton, Fun Home, A Strange Loop, Six and Dear Evan Hansen.

A Strange Loop
A Strange Loop is a musical with book, music, and lyrics by Michael R. Jackson, and winner of the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. First produced off-Broadway in 2019, then staged in Washington, D.C. in 2021, A Strange Loop premiered on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre in April 2022. The show won Best Musical and Best Book of a Musical at the 75th Tony Awards.
Cinema One
Cinema One (also called C1 and stylized as C1NEMAONE) is a Philippine pay television channel targeted to the Filipino diaspora. It is owned by Creative Programs Inc., a subsidiary of Philippine media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation. Its programming includes a lineup of mainstream and independent local and foreign films distributed by ABS-CBN Studios/Star Cinema, GMA Pictures, Cignal Entertainment, Unitel Pictures, Solar Pictures, APT Entertainment, The IdeaFirst Company, Brightlight Productions, Regal Entertainment (Regal Films) and rarely, OctoArts Films (films solely produced by Viva Films air on PBO and Viva Cinema), film-related programming, and original films. An international feed called Cinema One Global is also available worldwide as part of TFC premium channels via cable, satellite, iWant and TFC IPTV.

The IdeaFirst Company
The IdeaFirst Company (TIFC), commonly known as IdeaFirst, is a Filipino film, television production company and talent agency founded in 2014 by filmmakers Jun Robles Lana and Perci Intalan. The company focuses on film and television production, as well as artist management.

The company is best known for producing Bwakaw (2012), Die Beautiful (2016), Kalel, 15 (2019), Gameboys (2020), and And the Breadwinner Is... (2024).
Paul Whittaker (cricketer)
Paul Kevin Whittaker (born 7 August 1957) is a former English cricketer.  Whittaker was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Oxford, Oxfordshire.

Whittaker made his debut for Norfolk in the 1983 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Berkshire.  Whittaker played Minor counties cricket for Norfolk from 1983 to 1989, which included 27 Minor Counties Championship matches and 13 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy.  In this match, he ended the Norfolk innings not out on 4, while with the ball he took the wicket of Chris Smith for the cost of 5 runs from 7 overs. He made a further List A appearance against Leicestershire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he was dismissed for a single run by Les Taylor, while with the ball he bowled 10 wicket-less overs.

1985 NatWest Trophy
The 1985 NatWest Trophy was the 5th NatWest Trophy.  It was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 3 July and 7 September 1985. The tournament was won by Essex who defeated Nottinghamshire by 1 run in the final at Lord's.
Verrett River
The Verrett River is a tributary to the Iskut River and the Stikine River in British Columbia, Canada. It begins in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Alaskan border and flows south until it meets the Iskut River, immediately east of Mount Verrett. It is remote, short, and hardly documented, and is found in an isolated part of the Cassiar Land District, east of Stikine.

Cassiar Land District
Cassiar Land District is a cadastral survey subdivision of the province of British Columbia, Canada, created with rest of those on Mainland British Columbia via the Lands Act of the Colony of British Columbia in 1860.  The British Columbia government's BC Names system, a subdivision of GeoBC, defines a land district as "a territorial division with legally defined boundaries for administrative purposes". All land titles and surveys use the Land District system as the primary point of reference, and entries in BC Names for placenames and geographical objects are so listed.
Chemoaffinity hypothesis
In neuroscience, the chemoaffinity hypothesis states that neurons make connections with their targets based on interactions with specific molecular markers  and, therefore, that the initial wiring diagram of an organism is (indirectly) determined by its genotype. The markers are generated during cellular differentiation and aid not only with synaptogenesis, but also act as guidance cues for their respective axon.

Synaptogenesis
Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system. Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan, an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development, known as exuberant synaptogenesis. Synaptogenesis is particularly important during an individual's critical period, during which there is a certain degree of synaptic pruning due to competition for neural growth factors by neurons and synapses. Processes that are not used, or inhibited during their critical period will fail to develop normally later on in life.