hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Breton plotter
A Breton plotter (French: Rapporteur Breton), also known as a Portland course plotter or Weems protractor named after later manufacturers producing similar devices, is a navigational instrument used for nautical navigation with charts.

The Breton plotter contains a ruler with a rotating protractor that serves as a compass rose, allowing navigators to plot a course on charts by aligning the North of the ruler with the North of the chart.

Seamanship
Seamanship is the art, competence, and knowledge of operating a ship, boat or other craft on water. The Oxford Dictionary states that seamanship is "The skill, techniques, or practice of handling a ship or boat at sea."

It involves topics and development of specialised skills, including navigation and international maritime law and regulatory knowledge; weather, meteorology and forecasting; watchkeeping; ship-handling and small boat handling; operation of deck equipment, anchors and cables; ropework and line handling; communications; sailing; engines; execution of evolutions such as towing; cargo handling equipment, dangerous cargoes and cargo storage; dealing with emergencies; survival at sea and search and rescue; and fire fighting.

The degree of knowledge needed within these areas is dependent upon the nature of the work and the type of vessel employed by a seafarer.
Saint-Cloud
Saint-Cloud (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ klu]) is a French commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of France's wealthiest towns, with the second-highest average household income of communities with 10,000 to 50,000 households.

Saint-Cloud is home to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), located in the Parc de Saint-Cloud's Pavillon de Breteuil.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Chorale and Shaker Dance
Chorale and Shaker Dance is a musical composition for concert band composed by John Zdechlik. It is a standard part of concert band literature, and it is frequently performed by student ensembles.

The piece was commissioned by the Jefferson High School Band of Bloomington, Minnesota, in honor of their conductor, Earl Benson. It was written in 1971 and premiered at the convention of Music Educators National Conference in Atlanta, Georgia in March of the following year.

National Association for Music Education
The National Association for Music Education (NAfME) is an organization of American music educators dedicated to advancing and preserving music education as part of the core curriculum of schools in the United States.  Founded in 1907 as the Music Supervisors National Conference (MSNC), the organization was known from 1934 to 1998 as the Music Educators National Conference (origin of the MENC acronym).  From 1998 to 2011 it was known as "MENC: The National Association for Music Education."  On September 1, 2011, the organization changed its acronym from MENC to NAfME. On March 8, 2012, the organization's name legally became National Association for Music Education, using the acronym "NAfME". It has approximately 58,000 members, and NAfME's headquarters are located in Herndon, Virginia

As of January 2025, Deb Confredo is the current president of NAfME, and the interim executive director is Christopher Woodside.
Lawrence Kindt
Lawrence Elliott Kindt (February 23, 1901 – April 1, 1973) was a farmer economist and served as a Canadian federal politician from 1958 to 1968. He was born in Kiona, Washington, United States.

Kindt first ran for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1957 federal election.  He was defeated by incumbent Ernest Hansell. Kindt ran again in the 1958 federal election, defeating Hansell to win his first term in office. He was re-elected in the 1962 federal election, the 1963 federal election and the 1965 federal election.

He retired from federal politics in 1968 and died in 1973.

1965 Canadian federal election
The 1965 Canadian federal election was held on November 8, 1965, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 27th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson was re-elected to government, winning more seats than any other party. It won more seats in the House even though it received a smaller share of the popular vote. It fell short of a majority government. It formed a minority government that due to support from other MPs, lasted three years.
Bogan
Bogan (/ˈboʊɡən/ BOHG-ən) is Australian and New Zealand slang to describe a person whose speech, clothing, behaviour, or attitudes are considered unrefined or unsophisticated. Depending on the context, the term can be used pejoratively or in a humorous, self-deprecating manner. The term "bogan" has also been associated with changing social attitudes towards class in Australia, and its use often reflects broader cultural stereotypes and divisions.

Since the 1980s, the bogan has become a very well-recognised subculture, often as an example of bad taste. It has antecedents in the Australian larrikin and ocker, and various localised names exist that describe the same or very similar people to the bogan.

Self-deprecation
Self-deprecation is the act of reprimanding oneself by belittling, undervaluing, disparaging oneself, or being excessively modest. It can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions or add humour. It may also be used as a way for individuals to appear more likable and agreeable.
Independent Television Producers Association of Nigeria
The Independent Television Producers Association of Nigeria (ITPAN) is the umbrella body of Media professionals in the Nigerian Media and Television Industry. The association was established in 1992 by Chief T. Oloyede, Steve Rhodes and Alex Oduro. The first elected President of ITPAN was Elder Steve Rhodes who was elected on 29 November 1993 in Lagos, Nigeria.

Steve Rhodes (musician)
Steven Bankole Rhodes III (April 1926 - May 2008), known professionally as Steve Rhodes, was a Nigerian broadcaster and musician who founded the Steve Rhodes Orchestra in 1970. He was Fela Kuti's manager in the 1960s and was source of inspiration for many Nigerian musicians who started out in the 1960s and 1970s.
Setkyathiha Pagoda
Setkyathiha Pagoda (Burmese: စကြာသီဟစေတီ) is a notable pagoda in Mandalay, Burma. It is known for a large bronze image of the Buddha cast by King Bagyidaw in Inwa just before the beginning of the First Anglo-Burmese War in 1824. The image was subsequently moved to Amarapura in 1852 when the Second Anglo-Burmese War broke out, and to Mandalay in 1885 when the Third Anglo-Burmese War broke out. The pagoda was built in 1884, located south of Zegyo Market on the eastern bank of the Shwetachaung Canal.

Third Anglo-Burmese War
The Third Anglo-Burmese War (Burmese: တတိယအင်္ဂလိပ်–မြန်မာစစ်, romanized: Tatiya Ingaleik–Myanma Sit), also known as the Third Burma War (7–29 November 1885), sporadic resistance continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the British. The war saw the loss of sovereignty of an independent Burma under the Konbaung dynasty, whose rule had already been reduced to the territory known as Upper Burma, the region of Lower Burma having been annexed by the British in 1853, following the Second Anglo-Burmese War.

Following the war, Burma came under the rule of the British Raj as one of its provinces. From 1937, the British governed Burma as a separate colony until Burma achieved independence as a republic in 1948.
Department of Community Safety
The Department of Community Safety was a Queensland Government department established in March 2009 and dissolved in 2015. The department formed from a merger of the former Department of Emergency Services and the Department of Corrective Services. It was headquartered at Kedron in Brisbane.

It consisted of the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service, Emergency Management Queensland, the Queensland Corrective Services, and the Queensland Ambulance Service.

Queensland Fire Department
The Queensland Fire Department (QFD) is the primary provider of fire and rescue services in Queensland, Australia. The QFD was established on the 1st of July, 2024, and has committed to a refocus on firefighting operations after the organisational change from QFES. The QFD’s headquarters are located at the Emergency Services Complex in Kedron, Brisbane.

In 2021, personnel included 2,600 full-time (professional) firefighters and 2,000 on-call auxiliary firefighters, and approximately 26,000 (16 000 Non operational and 9 000 operational) Rural fire Service volunteers.

The Queensland Government minister responsible for QFD is the Minister for Fire, Disaster Recovery and Volunteers, currently the Honourable Ann Leahy.
Royal Canadian Dragoons
The Royal Canadian Dragoons (RCD) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army by precedence. It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps.

The colonel-in-chief of the RCD is Charles III, King of Canada. The colonel of the regiment is Major-General (Retired) Stephen Cadden, CD.
The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel C. Summerfield, and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J. Nickerson. 
The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters, "A", "B", "C", "D" and Headquarters Squadrons. "A", "B" and "D" Squadrons, based at CFB Petawawa, are light cavalry squadrons. "C" Squadron is based at CFB Gagetown, and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12e Régiment blindé du Canada. Headquarters Squadron, based in Petawawa, provides first-line combat service support to the regiment.

Regular Force
In the Canadian Armed Forces, a Regular Force unit or person is part of the full-time military, as opposed to being part of the Primary Reserve which has more flexibility. There are many bases and wings across Canada, and factors like trade, career progression, and environment will affect where the person ends up. They receive more pay and benefits than members of the Primary Reserve and can be ordered into overseas deployments.

Regular Force personnel are employed full-time, and have usually signed long-term contracts ranging anywhere from three to nine years, not including subsidized training or education.

There are approximately 68,000 Regular Force personnel in the Canadian Forces,close to the current authorized strength of 71,500 Regular Force members. On the other hand, the Reserve Forces have an authorized force size of 30,000 members.
Haida ceremonial dance rattle (Indianapolis Museum of Art)
This ritual dance rattle in the form of a raven is part of the Native American collection of the Indianapolis Museum of Art in Indianapolis, Indiana. Made by the Haida people of British Columbia in the early- to mid-19th century, it contains a number of spiritually significant totems whose power would be harnessed by shamans to control spirits during rituals.

Raven
A raven is any of several large-bodied passerine bird species in the genus Corvus. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens; the two names are assigned to different species chiefly by size.

The largest species are the common raven and the thick-billed raven; these are also the largest passerine species.
Mohammad Reza Rahimi
Mohammad Reza Rahimi (Persian: محمدرضا رحيمی, born on 11 January 1949) is an Iranian politician who served as the fifth first vice president from 13 September 2009 until 3 August 2013. His previous posts included governor of the Kurdistan province and vice president for parliamentary affairs.

On 15 February 2015, Rahimi was convicted of corruption and is currently jailed in Evin Prison. He was allegedly head of the "Fatemi Circle".

Vice presidents of Iran
First vice president of Iran (Persian: معاون اول رئیس‌جمهور ایران) is defined by article 124 of the Constitution of Iran as anyone appointed by the President of Iran to lead an organization related to presidential affairs in Iran. As of 2025, there are fifteen vice presidents. The first vice president leads cabinet meetings in the absence of the president.
Superior cervical ganglion
The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is the upper-most and largest of the cervical sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. It probably formed by the union of four sympathetic ganglia of the cervical spinal nerves C1–C4. It is the only ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system that innervates the head and neck. The SCG innervates numerous structures of the head and neck.

Sympathetic trunk
The sympathetic trunk (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) is a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. It is a major component of the sympathetic nervous system.
Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Duke of Alba
Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont, 5th Duke of Alba, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Spanish: Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont de Navarra, quinto duque de Alba de Tormes, tercer duque de Huéscar, sexto conde de Lerín y de Salvatierra, quinto marqués de Coria, octavo Condestable de Navarra, señor de los estados de Valdecorneja y Huéscar, y de las baronías de Dicastillo, San Martín, Curton y Guissens), (1568 – 29 January 1639) was a Spanish nobleman and politician.

Don (honorific)
The terms Don (in Spanish and Italian), Dom (in Portuguese), and Domn (in Romanian), are honorific prefixes derived from the Latin Dominus, meaning "lord" or "owner". The honorific is commonly used in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, as well as in the Spanish-speaking world and Portuguese-speaking world, as well as some other places formerly colonized by Spain or Portugal. The feminine equivalents are Doña (Spanish: [ˈdoɲa]), Donna (Italian: [ˈdɔnna]), Doamnă (Romanian) and Dona (Portuguese: [ˈdonɐ]), meaning "lady".

The term is derived from the Latin dominus: a master of a household, a title with background from the Roman Republic in classical antiquity. With the abbreviated form having emerged as such in the Middle Ages, traditionally it is reserved for Catholic clergy and nobles, in addition to certain educational authorities and persons of high distinction.
Sutapa Deb
Sutapa Deb is an Indian television journalist. Her journey as a journalist began with Indian Express and India Today in Delhi.  She made the transition from print to television when she joined NDTV.

She has a postgraduate in English literature,. As a television journalist she has reported on education, women, children, health, labour, disability and unemployment. She traveled to villages in West Bengal, Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and other states to bring the voices of the rural to mainstream news coverage.

She is a part of series India Matters on NDTV. In certain cases, the reports have made the administration take action.  In, 2002, her documentary on the Unsung Heroes of the Gujarat earthquake won her the Indian Telly Award for the best documentary of the year.

Sutapa Deb has been honoured with the 'Commonwealth Broadcasting Association-Thomson Foundation Journalist of the Year' award at the CBA's Broadcasting Awards for 2008.

Thomson Foundation
The Thomson Foundation is a media development not-for-profit organisation based in London, United Kingdom but operating worldwide. It was founded in 1962 and was the first charitable foundation with the specific aim of training journalists and communications teams in developing countries. It celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2022/23.
Vera Dajht-Kralj
Vera Dajht-Kralj (née Deucht; 11 December 1928 – 16 May 2014) was a Croatian sculptor.

Vera Deucht was born on 11 December 1928 in Zagreb to a Jewish family. Her paternal great-grandparents had moved to Croatia from Hungary two centuries before her birth. She graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb. In 1953, she finished her postgraduate education at the Académie des Beaux-Arts.

She was a member of the Croatian Association of Artists since 1955. From 1952, she participated in more than 70 solo and group exhibitions at home and abroad. From 1954 onward, she made ten monuments and proposed about twenty sculptures ideas for public spaces in Zagreb. In 1991, her sculpture Prozor (Window) was displayed on Tkalčićeva Street, Zagreb. She died in 2014, aged 85.

Her legacy is being preserved and promoted by the Živi atelje Dajht Kralj association, based in Ilica 110 in Zagreb, in the atelier where she worked for most of her life.

Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb
The Academy of Fine Arts Zagreb (Croatian: Akademija likovnih umjetnosti u Zagrebu or ALU) is a Croatian art school based in Zagreb. It is one of the three art academies affiliated with the University of Zagreb, along with the Academy of Dramatic Art (ADU) and the Academy of Music (MUZA).
BBC Dorset FM
BBC Dorset FM was a BBC Local Radio station based in Dorchester, covering the county of Dorset in England which broadcast from 1993 to 1996. It was the last BBC Local Radio station to launch which covered a previously unserved area. It operated as an opt-out station from BBC Radio Devon for around 23 hours a week.

West Dorset
West Dorset was a local government district in Dorset, England. The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the boroughs of Bridport, Dorchester and Lyme Regis, along with Sherborne urban district and the rural districts of Beaminster, Bridport, Dorchester and Sherborne. Its council was based in Dorchester.

The district and its council were abolished on 1 April 2019 and, together with the other four districts outside the greater Bournemouth area, replaced by a new Dorset unitary authority.
Nathan Englander
Nathan Englander (born 1970) is an American short story writer and novelist. His debut short story collection, For the Relief of Unbearable Urges, was published by Alfred A. Knopf, in 1999. His second collection, What We Talk About When We Talk About Anne Frank, won the 2012 Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
Drexel Collection
The Drexel Collection is a collection of over 6,000 volumes of books about music and musical scores owned by the Music Division of The New York Public Library. Donated by Joseph W. Drexel in 1888 to the Lenox Library (which later became The New York Public Library), the collection, located today at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, is rich with materials on music theory and music history as well as other musical subjects. It contains many rare books and includes a number of significant 17th-century English music manuscripts.

Lenox Library (New York City)
The Lenox Library was a library incorporated and endowed in 1870. It was both an architectural and intellectual landmark in Gilded Age–era New York City. It was founded by bibliophile and philanthropist James Lenox, and located on Fifth Avenue between 70th and 71st Streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Architect Richard Morris Hunt designed the building, which was considered one of the city's most notable buildings until its destruction in 1912.

The library's collection of Bibles was unsurpassed and included the first Gutenberg Bible to cross the Atlantic. It was also known for its collection of Shakespeare, Milton, and early American literature. The library became a part of the founding collection of the New York Public Library (NYPL) in 1895, and it opened to the public as part of the NYPL's Main Branch in 1911.
Old Benton-Sardis Road Bridge
The Old Benton—Sardis Road Bridge is a historic bridge off Arkansas Highway 183 in Bauxite, Arkansas.   It is a concrete deck truss bridge, with a span of about 15 feet (4.6 m), and is oriented east–west along an old road bed, resting on concrete abutments with diagonal wing walls.  The bridge was built in 1919 as part of a project to build a new road connecting Benton to Sardis, which would facilitate the transport of bauxite mined in the area.  Unlike other concrete bridges built at that time, this bridge included fieldstone in its guardrails, which provided a decorative aspect as well as perhaps being inexpensive locally.  The method of contracting and construction of the road and bridge, involving the establishment of a road improvement district, was an important advance in the means by which roads were built in Arkansas.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.
Noise shaping
Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal. It does this by altering the spectral shape of the error that is introduced by dithering and quantization, such that the noise power is at a lower level in frequency bands at which noise is considered to be less desirable and at a correspondingly higher level in bands where it is considered to be more desirable. A popular noise shaping algorithm used in image processing is known as ‘Floyd Steinberg dithering’; and many noise shaping algorithms used in audio processing are based on an ‘Absolute threshold of hearing’ model.

Floyd–Steinberg dithering
Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software, for example, when converting an image from a Truecolor 24-bit PNG format into a GIF format, which is restricted to a maximum of 256 colors.