hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culling
Culling is the process of segregating organisms from a group according to desired or undesired characteristics. In animal breeding, it is removing or segregating animals from a breeding stock based on a specific trait. This is done to exaggerate desirable characteristics, or to remove undesirable characteristics by altering the genetic makeup of the population. For livestock and wildlife, culling often refers to killing removed animals based on their characteristics, such as their sex or species membership, or as a means of preventing infectious disease transmission.

In fruits and vegetables, culling is the sorting or segregation of fresh harvested produce into marketable lots, with the non-marketable lots being discarded or diverted into food processing or non-food processing activities. This usually happens at collection centres located at, or close to farms.

Drum line (shark control)
A drum line is an unmanned aquatic trap used to lure and capture large sharks using baited hooks. They are typically deployed near popular swimming beaches with the intention of reducing the number of sharks in the vicinity and therefore the probability of shark attack. Drum lines are often used in association with shark nets, which results in shark mortality. However SMART drum lines can be used to move sharks, which greatly reduces shark and bycatch mortality. The use of drum lines has been successful in reducing shark attacks in the areas where they are installed. The topic of shark culling became an international controversy and sparked public demonstrations and vocal opposition, particularly from environmentalists, animal welfare advocates and ocean activists.
Frank Stewart (1930s pitcher)
Frank Stewart (fl. 1936) is an American former Negro league pitcher who played in the 1930s.

Stewart made his Negro leagues debut in 1934 with the Homestead Grays. He went on to play for the Washington Elite Giants in 1936.

Homestead Grays
The Homestead Grays (also known as Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays) were a professional baseball team that played in the Negro leagues in the United States.

The team was formed in 1912 by Cumberland Posey, and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in Homestead, Pennsylvania, adjacent to Pittsburgh.  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the Monongahela River to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the Pittsburgh Pirates' home Forbes Field and the Pittsburgh Crawfords' home Greenlee Field.

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands. As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.
Compton Mackenzie
Sir Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie, OBE (17 January 1883 – 30 November 1972) was a Scottish writer of fiction, biography, histories and a memoir, as well as a cultural commentator, raconteur and lifelong Scottish nationalist. He was one of the co-founders in 1928 of the National Party of Scotland along with Hugh MacDiarmid, Cunninghame Graham and John MacCormick. He was knighted in the 1952 Birthday Honours List.

Bildungsroman
In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn] ⓘ) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth and change of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood (coming of age). The term comes from the German words Bildung ('formation' or 'education') and Roman ('novel').
Putheri
Putheri is a village panchayat located in Rajakkamangalam block of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The panchayat has total of seven panchayat constituencies. Out of these seven panchayat members are elected.

Nainar Yogeeswaramudaiyar Temple, Krishnaswamy Temple, Iravi Vinayagar Temple, Veerakaliamman Temple, and Maragatha Vinayagar Temple located in Putheri are under the control of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.

Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department
Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department (HR&CE Department) is a department under the Government of Tamil Nadu, India, that handles the administration of temples in the state. Formed under the Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act XXII of 1959, the department administers 46,331 properties, including 43,800 Hindu temples, 22 Jain temples, 45 mutts, 69 temples attached to mutts, 1,262 charitable endowments, and 1,133 special endowments.
Eumorpha obliquus
Eumorpha obliquus is a moth of the  family Sphingidae. It is found from Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica south to Bolivia. It is also present in Brazil and Guadeloupe.

The wingspan is 130–136 mm. It is similar to Eumorpha anchemolus, but the forewing is shorter, broader with an even outer margin. There is a strong contrast between the generally light basal half and the generally dark apical half of the forewing upperside. The underside of the body and wings is yellowish.

Adults are on wing year round.

The larvae feed on grape species. The larvae of subspecies guadelupensis have been recorded feeding on Cissus sicyoides.

Muséum de Toulouse
The Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT; Occitan: Musèu d'Istòria Naturala de la vila de Tolosa, MINT) is a museum of natural history in Toulouse, France. It is located in the Busca-Montplaisir neighborhood of the city, houses a collection of more than 2.5 million items, and has some 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft) of exhibition space. Its Index Herbariorum code is TLM.
Woody Woodpecker: Escape from Buzz Buzzard Park
Woody Woodpecker: Escape from Buzz Buzzard Park is a set of two video games based on the animated series The New Woody Woodpecker Show. One is for PlayStation 2 and Windows, and the other is for the Game Boy Color.

The New Woody Woodpecker Show
The New Woody Woodpecker Show (titled on-screen as The Woody Woodpecker Show) is an American animated comedy television series based on the animated short film series created by cartoonist and animator Walter Lantz. It was co-developed by animators Bob Jaques and Kelly Armstrong, was produced by Universal Cartoon Studios and aired from May 8, 1999, to July 27, 2002, on Fox's Fox Kids programming block.

It is an updated version of The Woody Woodpecker Show with characters from the original series and a few new ones appearing in their own segments. Each episode consists of two segments featuring Woody Woodpecker dividing one starring Chilly Willy, with Winnie Woodpecker and Knothead & Splinter also starring in some segments. 53 episodes (consisting of 155 segments plus one episode-length Christmas special, as well as one classic Chilly Willy cartoon) were produced.
Mahawai Rural Municipality
Mahawai (Nepali: महावै गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality located in Kalikot District of Karnali Province of Nepal.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Mahawai rural municipality has an area of 322.07 square kilometres (124.35 sq mi) and the total population of the  rural municipality is 8,323 as of 2011 Nepal census.

Gela, Odanaku and some parts of Chilkhaya which previously were all separate Village development committees merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

The rural municipality is divided into total 7 wards and the headquarters of this newly formed rural municipality is situated at Odanaku.

Karnali Province
Karnali Province (Nepali: कर्णाली प्रदेश, romanized: Karṇālī pradēśa) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution, which was adopted on 20 September 2015. The total area of the province is 27,984 square kilometres (10,805 mi2), making it the largest province in Nepal with 18.97% of the country's area. According to the 2011 Nepal census, the population of the province was 1,570,418, making it the least populous province in Nepal. The province borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the east, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Lumbini Province to the south. Birendranagar with a population of 154,886 is both the province's capital and largest city.
Anselperga
Anselperga (fl. 772), was an Italian abbess. She was the eldest daughter of Desiderius, King of the Lombards, and Ansa. She was the second Abbess of San Salvatore e Santa Giulia, which her parents had formed in Brescia from the union of San Michele e San Pietro with San Salvatore e Santa Maria.

Anselperga was richly endowed with land. She received donations from her father, mother, brother Adelchis, and her maternal relatives. During her tenure San Salvatore was removed by her father from the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Aquileia and given to the Archbishop of Milan. Nevertheless, on 13 October 772, Anselperga received a privilege from Patriarch Siguald. The date of Anselperga's death is unrecorded, but she was replaced by Radoara as early as 781.

Archdiocese of Milan
The Archdiocese of Milan (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Milano; Latin: Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese. It has long maintained its own Latin liturgical rite usage, the Ambrosian rite, which is still used in the greater part of the diocesan territory. Among its past archbishops, the better known are Ambrose, Charles Borromeo, Pope Pius XI and Pope Paul VI.

The Archdiocese of Milan is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milan, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.

Milan's archdiocese is the largest in Europe, and the one having the most priests in the world, with, as of 2021, 2,450 priests living in the diocese, among whom 1,712 are secular priests.
Hungary water
Hungary water (sometimes called "the Queen of Hungary's Water", Eau de la Reine de Hongrie, or "spirits of rosemary") was one of the first alcohol-based perfumes in Europe, primarily made with rosemary.  The oldest surviving recipes call for distilling fresh rosemary and thyme with brandy, while later formulations contain wine, lavender, mint, sage, marjoram, costus, orange blossom and lemon.

Thyme
Thyme (/taɪm/) is a culinary herb consisting of the dried aerial parts of some members of the genus Thymus of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae. Thymes are native to Eurasia and north Africa. Thymes have culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The species most commonly cultivated and used for culinary purposes is Thymus vulgaris, native to Southeast Europe.
John Bernhagen
John J. Bernhagen (March 19, 1934 – September 26, 2020) was an American politician, businessman, and farmer.

Bernhagen was born in Hutchinson, Minnesota. He graduated from Hutchinson High School in 1952. Bernhagen served in the United States Army from 1954 to 1956. He received his bachelor's degree from Metropolitan State University and his master's degree from Minnesota State University, Mankato. Bernhagen also went to University of Minnesota for graduate studies. Bernhagen was a farmer and business consultant. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1969 to 1972 and in the Minnesota Senate from 1973 to 1992. Bernhagen was a Republican. He died at his home in Hutchinson, Minnesota.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
Noorandu Kalam Vazhga
Noorandu Kalam Vazhga (transl. Live for a 100 years) is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film directed by K. Sampath, starring A. V. M. Rajan, Kanchana and Vennira Aadai Nirmala, with M. N. Nambiar playing the antagonist. It was released on 20 November 1970.

M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.
95th Scripps National Spelling Bee
The 95th Scripps National Spelling Bee was a spelling bee competition that was held at Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in National Harbor, Maryland.

The 2023 bee welcomed 231 spellers from the United States and its territories, Canada, Ghana, and The Bahamas.  After competing in quarterfinal and semi-final rounds on May 30 and May 31, 2023, the field of competition narrowed to 11 finalists who competed on the night of June 1, 2023.

Dev Shah of Largo, Florida, won the competition upon correctly spelling the word psammophile after Charlotte Walsh (placed second) spelled daviely incorrectly.

Shradha Rachamreddy, and two-time finalist Surya Kapu, tied for third place after surviving until round 13 of the competition.

National Harbor, Maryland
National Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, located along the Potomac River near the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and just south of Washington, D.C. It originated as a 300-acre (1.2 km2) multi-use waterfront development. The population was 5,509 at the 2020 census.

The developer, Peterson Companies, says National Harbor draws 12 million visitors annually, as of 2025.
Katie Gately
Katie Gately is an American musician, composer, producer and sound designer based in Los Angeles, California. As well as her own releases she has remixed Björk and Zola Jesus and produced for serpentwithfeet. Her most recent album, Fawn / Brute, was released on March 31, 2023.

Serpentwithfeet
Jonathan Josiah Wise (born July 9, 1988), known professionally as serpentwithfeet, is an R&B singer based in Brooklyn, New York City. Wise signed with the English record label Tri Angle to release his debut extended play (EP), Blisters (2016). He entered a joint venture with Secretly Canadian to release his debut studio album, soil (2018), which was met with critical acclaim. His second EP, Apparition (2020), and his second and third albums, Deacon (2021) and Grip (2024), were each met with continued critical praise.
Jadira Bayas
Jadira del Rosario Bayas Uriarte sometimes Yadira Bayas is a politician in Ecuador. She is a member of the National Democratic Action (ADN) party and she represents Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas in the National Assembly.

National Democratic Action (Ecuador)
The National Democratic Action (Spanish: Acción Democrática Nacional, ADN) is a political alliance and movement in Ecuador created to support the candidacy of Daniel Noboa in the 2023 presidential election.
2003 Aylesbury Vale District Council election
Elections to Aylesbury Vale District Council were held on 1 May 2003.  The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1999 increasing the number of councillors by 1. The Conservative Party gained overall control of the council from no overall control.

Aylesbury Vale
The Aylesbury Vale (or Vale of Aylesbury) is a geographical region in Buckinghamshire, England, covering the predominantly rural area between Milton Keynes and the Chilterns. It is named after its main town, Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire. Other key settlements in the region include Winslow and Buckingham.

The bed of the vale is largely made up of clay that was formed at the end of the last ice age.

Before 2020, there was a local government district known as Aylesbury Vale. It was succeeded by the unitary district of Buckinghamshire during local government restructuring in 2020.

In the 2020 census, the population of Aylesbury Vale was 205,426. In the 2001 census, the population of Aylesbury Vale was 165,748, representing an increase since 1991 of 18,600 people. About half of those live in Aylesbury.
Strevelshoek
Strevelshoek is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located about 1 km northwest of the village of Rijsoord, on the south bank of the Waaltje. The hamlet is not mentioned on recent topographical maps.

Strevelshoek was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1846, when it merged with Rijsoord. According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa, there were five houses in the municipality around 1845, four of which made up the hamlet Strevelshoek. The municipality had about 40 inhabitants. The area is now part of the municipality of Ridderkerk.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Mikhail Malinin
Mikhail Sergeevich Malinin (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Мали́нин; December 28 [O.S. December 16, 1899] 1899 in Polutino, Kostroma Governorate, Russian Empire – 24 January 1960 in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet general.

Antropovsky District
Antropovsky District  (Russian: Антро́повский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kostroma Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,470 square kilometers (950 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Antropovo. Population: 5,296 (2021 Census); 7,182 (2010 Census);  9,088 (2002 Census); 11,134 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Antropovo accounts for 50.1% of the district's population.
ABC Software Metric
The ABC software metric was introduced by Jerry Fitzpatrick in 1997 to overcome the drawbacks of the LOC. 
The metric defines an ABC score as a triplet of values that represent the size of a set of source code statements. An ABC score is calculated by counting the number of assignments (A), number of branches (B), and number of conditionals (C) in a program. ABC score can be applied to individual methods, functions, classes, modules or files within a program.

ABC score is represented by a 3-D vector < Assignments (A), Branches (B), Conditionals (C) >. It can also be represented as a scalar value, which is the magnitude of the vector < Assignments (A), Branches (B), Conditionals (C) >, and is calculated as follows:

By convention, an ABC magnitude value is rounded to the nearest tenth.

Modular programming
Modular programming is a programming paradigm that emphasizes organizing the functions of a codebase into independent modules – each providing an aspect of a computer program in its entirety without providing other aspects.

A module interface expresses the elements that are provided and required by the module. The elements defined in the interface are detectable by other modules. The implementation contains the working code that corresponds to the elements declared in the interface.
CR Béni Thour
Chabab Riadhi Béni Thour (Arabic: الشباب الرياضي لبني ثور), known as CR Béni Thour or CRBT for short, is an Algerian football club based in Ouargla. The club was founded in 1990 and its colours are green and white. Their home stadium, the 13 February Stadium, has a capacity of 18,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.

18 February Stadium (Ouargla)
18 February Stadium (Arabic: ملعب 18 فبراير), is a multi-use stadium in Ouargla, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and athletics. The stadium is the home ground of MB Rouissat and IRB Ouargla. The stadium holds 18,000 spectators.
Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi
Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi (transl. Younger Brother, Elder Brother) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film, directed by Manivannan. The film stars Sathyaraj, Prabhu, Nadhiya and Sudha Chandran. It was released on 27 February 1987. The film was remade in Telugu as Chinnodu Peddodu and in Kannada as Ramanna Shamanna.

Manivannan
Manivannan  (31 July 1953 – 15 June 2013) was an Indian actor, film director, screenwriter, voice artist, playback singer and social activist who worked in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he went from being a story and dialogue writer for director Bharathiraja from 1980–82 to a successful director who thrived in experimenting with different genres, before becoming an actor. With over 400 films to his name, Manivannan was one of the most experienced actors in the field and directed exactly 50 films. Manivannan was mainly a supporting actor in films and often played the comedian, supporting character and villainous roles.

He supported various political parties, including the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, both active in the state of Tamil Nadu. He later became affiliated with the Naam Tamilar Katchi. He had also long been a supporter of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.
Commercial District (Hardin, Montana)
The Commercial District in Hardin, Montana is a 47 acres (19 ha) area roughly bounded by 4th, Crook, the Burlington Northern line, 1st and Crow Sts.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  It included 40 contributing buildings and two contributing structures.

Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.
Canton of Bergerac-2
The canton of Bergerac-1 is an administrative division of the Dordogne department, southwestern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Bergerac.

It consists of the following communes:

Bergerac, Dordogne
Bergerac (French pronunciation: [bɛʁʒəʁak] ⓘ; Occitan: Brageirac [braˈzɛjra]) is a subprefecture of the Dordogne department, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Southwestern France. With a population of 27,110 (2023), it is the department's second-most populated commune after the prefecture Périgueux. Located on the banks of the river Dordogne, Bergerac was designated a Town of Art and History by the Ministry of Culture in 2013.