hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smart Materials and Structures
Smart Materials and Structures is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering technical advances in smart materials, systems and structures; including intelligent systems, sensing and actuation, adaptive structures, and active control.

The initial editors-in-chief starting in 1992 were Vijay K. Varadan (Pennsylvania State University), Gareth J. Knowles (Grumman Corporation), and Richard O. Claus (Virginia Tech); in 2008 Ephrahim Garcia (Cornell University) took over as editor-in-chief until 2014. Christopher S. Lynch (University of California, Los Angeles) assumed the position of editor-in-chief in 2015 and was succeeded by Alper Erturk (Georgia Institute of Technology) in 2023, who serves as the current editor-in-chief.

Smart material
Smart materials, also called intelligent or responsive materials, are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH, or chemical compounds. Smart materials are the basis of many applications, including sensors and actuators, or artificial muscles, particularly as electroactive polymers (EAPs).
Communication History Museum
Former Communications History Museum was a museum supported by Teo LT AB, former AB Lietuvos Telekomas, in the Old Town of Kaunas, Lithuania. The building is an old merchant house, where were storages for grain to be exported. The building was taken in the use of the communications from 1830s in a form of the horse post and an inn according to the project by Joseph Poussier. It was one of the largest post stations in Europe. In the end of the 19th century Kaunas City Museum was situated in the building too.

After the Second World War the Soviet aviation unit took the building in its use. In the 1990s the buildings were handed to the Kaunas Association of Communications Companies and the reconstruction was made according to Saulė Mickevičienė's plan. The  Communication History Museum opened it doors to the public in March 1994. A visitor himself may also test the operation of some old exhibits at the museum.

Mail delivery by animal
Mail delivery by animals has been used in many countries throughout history. It used to be the only way to quickly transport large bundles of letters over long distances, until motorised vehicles became more widespread. Mail is still delivered by animals in a few remote locations that lack vehicular road access.

The term "snail mail" is a derogatory retronym used to refer to the delivery of letters in contrast to the immediacy of electronic mail.
Bozhong Mountain
Bozhong Mountain, also known by its Chinese name Bozhong Shan, is a mountain mentioned in the Book of Documents. It is said to be the source of the headwaters of the Han River, the namesake of the Han Dynasty and the Han Chinese. The mountain has been identified as a mountain in southern Shaanxi province's Ningqiang County or as another mountain on the border between Gansu province's Tianshui and Li County in the People's Republic of China. Both mountains are referred to as Bozhong Mountain.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
Caravel (horse)
Caravel (foaled  March 1, 2017) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse. She won 15 races in her career, of which 13 were stakes races. Her top victories were in the Grade I Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint in 2022 and the Grade I Jaipur Stakes in 2023.

Glossary of North American horse racing
The following is a glossary of North American horse racing.

Additional glossaries at:

Glossary of Australian and New Zealand punting

Glossary of equestrian terms

Parimutuel betting#Parimutuel bet types
Mutual Improvement Association
Mutual Improvement Association or MIA can refer to

Young Men (organization), a Latter-day Saints organisation formerly called the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association

Young Women (organization), a Latter-day Saints organisation formerly called the Young Ladies' National Mutual Improvement Association and the Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association

Young Women (organization)
The Young Women (often referred to as Young Women's or Young Woman's) is a youth organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The purpose of the Young Women organization is to help each young woman "be worthy to make and keep sacred covenants and receive the ordinances of the temple".
John, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg
John, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (died 10 August 1328, fell in battle near Wetzlar) was the third son of Count Otto I of Nassau and his wife Agnes (d. 1303), daughter of Count Emich IV of Leiningen-Landeck. John was a first cousin of King Adolf of the Romans.

Herborn, Hesse
Herborn (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛʁbɔʁn] ⓘ) is a historic town on the Dill in the Lahn-Dill district of Hesse in Germany. Before World War I, it was granted its own title as Nassauisches Rothenburg. The symbol or mascot of this town is a bear. Scenic attractions include its half-timbered houses; Herborn is located on the German Timber-Frame Road. Herborn hosted the 26th Hessentag state festival in 1986, and the 56th Hessentag in 2016.
Sidestream smoke
Sidestream smoke is smoke which goes into the air directly from a burning cigarette, cigar, or smoking pipe. Sidestream smoke is the main component (around 85%) of second-hand smoke (SHS), also known as Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) or passive smoking. The relative quantity of chemical constituents of sidestream smoke are different from those of directly inhaled ("mainstream") smoke, although their chemical composition is similar. Sidestream smoke has been classified as a Class A carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

4-Aminobiphenyl
4-Aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5C6H4NH2. It is an amine derivative of biphenyl. It is a colorless solid, although aged samples can appear colored. 4-Aminobiphenyl was commonly used in the past as a rubber antioxidant and an intermediate for dyes. Exposure to this aryl-amine can happen through contact with chemical dyes and from inhalation of cigarette smoke. Researches showed that 4-aminobiphenyl is responsible for bladder cancer in humans and dogs by damaging DNA. Due to its carcinogenic effects, commercial production of 4-aminobiphenyl ceased in the United States in the 1950s.
Harrison, Wisconsin
Harrison is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Harrison (village), Wisconsin, a village in Calumet and Outagamie counties

Harrison (town), Calumet County, Wisconsin, a town
Harrison (ghost town), Calumet County, Wisconsin, a ghost town

Harrison, Grant County, Wisconsin, a town

Harrison, Lincoln County, Wisconsin, a town
Harrison (community), Lincoln County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Harrison, Marathon County, Wisconsin, a town

Harrison, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, a town

Harrison, Lincoln County, Wisconsin
Harrison is a town in Lincoln County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 833 at the 2010 census, up from 793 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Bundy, Harrison, and Jeffris are located in the town.
Tongue Cover-Plate
Tongue Cover-Plates were gold foil amulets placed over the tongues of some Egyptian mummies. This mainly took place during the Greco-Roman period although examples from the Twenty-sixth Dynasty have been found at Oxyrhynchus. This funerary ritual appears to have been to done in the belief that it would help the dead individual speak in the afterlife. They were sometimes accompanied by gold eye amulets.

In the 21st century examples of such amulets have been found at Oxyrhynchus, Quesna and  Taposiris Magna. In the 19th century finds were made at Tell Nabasha, San el-Hagar and Hawara.

Hawara
Hawara (Arabic: هوارة المقطع, romanized: Hawāra al-Maqṭaʿ) is an archaeological site of Ancient Egypt, south of the site of Crocodilopolis ('Arsinoë', also known as 'Medinet al-Faiyum') at the entrance to the depression of the Fayyum oasis. It is the site of a pyramid built by King Amenemhat III of the 12th dynasty, between the 19th and 18th centuries BC.
Musomishta
Mosomishte is a village in Gotse Delchev Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in the valley of Gotse Delchev, just 2 kilometers south-southeast of the town of Gotse Delchev and 75 kilometers southeast of Blagoevgrad.

Blagoevgrad
Blagoevgrad (Bulgarian: Благоевград [bɫɐˈɡɔɛvˌɡrat]) is а town in Southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province. With a population of almost 70,000 inhabitants, it is the economic and cultural centre of Southwestern Bulgaria. It is located in the valley of the Struma River at the foot of the Rila Mountains, 101 kilometres (63 miles) south of Sofia, close to the border with North Macedonia.

Blagoevgrad features a pedestrian downtown, with preserved 19th-century architecture and numerous restaurants, cafés, coffee shops, and boutiques. It is home to two universities, the South-West University "Neofit Rilski" and the American University in Bulgaria. The town also hosts the "Sts. Cyril and Methodius National Humanitarian High School". The former Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki moved from Thessaloniki to Blagoevgrad (then Gorna Dzhumaya) in 1913.
Mother Teresa Regional School
Mother Teresa Regional School (MTRS) was a Catholic school, which offered grades pre-K to eighth, in the Diocese of Trenton in Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, USA.  The principal was Tom Sorci before the school's closure. MTRS offered many sports programs and encouraged student participation in the variety of in-school and after school groups and clubs. The school year was broken down into three trimesters.

Diocese of Trenton
The Diocese of Trenton is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in central New Jersey in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Newark.

The mother church of the Diocese of Trenton is the Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption in Trenton with the Co-Cathedral of St. Robert Bellarmine in Freehold. Since 2010, the bishop of Trenton has been David M. O'Connell.
Demetri Catrakilis
Demetri Catrakilis (Greek: Δημήτρης Κατρακίλης, born on 6 July 1989) is a South African former professional rugby union player. He played for Premiership side Harlequins, Top 14 side Montpellier, for the Stormers and the Southern Kings in Super Rugby and Pro 14, for Western Province in the Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup competitions and for the UCT Ikey Tigers in the Varsity Cup. His regular playing position was fly-half.

2011 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2011 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 73rd season in the competition since it started in 1889 and was contested from July to October 2011.  The tournament (known as the Absa Currie Cup Premier Division for sponsorship reasons) is the top tier of South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition.
The MTN Golden Lions won the 2011 Currie Cup Premier Division.
Baskemölla
Baskemölla is a locality situated in Simrishamn Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 238 inhabitants as of 2005.

Tjörnedala is an exhibition space there with frequent art shows, and a small cafe. There is also a nature trail behind this farm house, leading down to the water. Every Midsummer Day, there is a folk dance celebration on the hill behind the farm house.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Richard Naidu
Richard Naidu (born 28 June 1963) is an Indo-Fijian journalist, constitutional lawyer and opponent of the 2006 Fijian coup d'état. He is a former director of Transparency International Fiji.

Naidu served as spokesperson for Prime Minister of Fiji Timoci Bavadra. During the 1987 Fijian coups d'état he was beaten by iTaukei militants and his home was burned by arsonists. He was later deported to New Zealand by the military regime. While in exile in New Zealand he studied for a law degree at the University of Auckland. After working as a lawyer in New Zealand, he returned to Fiji in 1995.

He was an opponent of the Qarase government's Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill, calling it unconstitutional. During the 2005–2006 Fijian political crisis he argued that the elected government had the power to sack Republic of Fiji Military Forces Commander Frank Bainimarama, and that the President of Fiji must follow the advice of the elected government.

Prime Minister of Fiji
The prime minister of Fiji is the head of government of the Republic of Fiji. The prime minister is appointed under the terms of the 2013 Constitution. The prime minister is the head of the Cabinet and appoints and dismisses ministers.
Zoanne Clack
Zoanne Clack (born July 14, 1968), also known as Zoanne Arnette, is an American television producer, writer, story editor, actress, and medical doctor/consultant. Clack's most notable work has been on the medical drama series Grey's Anatomy, in which she has served as executive story editor for twenty-three episodes, producer for nineteen episodes and writer for fifteen episodes. She has also served as an extra for the show. Her other work includes medical supervisor on ER, writer on Presidio Med and minor acting roles in The District and Philly.

Philly (TV series)
Philly is an American legal drama television series created by Steven Bochco and Alison Cross, which starred Kim Delaney as defense attorney Kathleen Maguire. The series aired on ABC from September 25, 2001 to May 28, 2002, broadcasting 22 episodes before it was canceled due to low ratings.
Mohla Khurd
Mohla Khurd or Mohlān Khurd is a village of Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 32°30'5N 74°4'10E, some 8 km from the district capital Gujrat and 1.5 km north of the river Chenab.

Khurd and Kalan are Persian language words, which mean "small" and "big", respectively. When two nearby villages have the same name, they are distinguished by adding Kalan ("big") or Khurd ("small") at the end of the village name.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Penally Abbey
Penally Abbey is an old rectory, now the Penally Abbey Country House Hotel and Restaurant overlooking Carmarthen Bay in the village of Penally, about 1.5 miles from Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It was once owned by the Jameson family of Irish whiskey distillers.

Carmarthen Bay
Carmarthen Bay (Welsh: Bae Caerfyrddin) is an inlet of the South Wales coast, including notable beaches such as Pendine Sands and Cefn Sidan sands. Carmarthen Bay is partially within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. The Joint Nature Conservation Committee list Carmarthen Bay and Estuaries as a Special Area of Conservation.
Frode Scheie
Frode Scheie (born 19 March 1967) is a Norwegian handball coach and former player.

He made his debut on the Norwegian national team in 1995, and played 105 matches for the national team between 1995 and 2002. He participated at the 1999 World Men's Handball Championship where the Norwegian team placed 13th, and he served as captain for Norway at the 2000 European Men's Handball Championship. Scheie has been sports commentator for the television channel TV 2 Norway and for Viasat.

Scheie was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 2013.

In the 2020s, Scheie entered politics for the Pensioners' Party. He was elected to Frogn municipal council.

Håndballstatuetten
Håndballstatuetten is a Norwegian Handball award given to Norwegian players who has represented the Norwegian national team. The awardee must have played at least 200 matches and played at least 60% of matches in a 6-year period. It is awarded after the player has retired.

The award was first awarded in 1998.
1830 United States elections
Elections occurred in the middle of Democratic President Andrew Jackson's first term, during the Second Party System. Members of the 22nd United States Congress were chosen in this election. The election saw Jackson's Democrats retain control of both chambers of Congress over the National Republicans and other members of the anti-Jackson faction, while the Nullifier Party won seats in Congress for the first time.

In the House, both major parties lost seats to the Anti-Masonic Party, but Democrats retained a commanding majority.

In the Senate, both parties lost one seat to the Nullifiers, leaving the Democrats with half of the seats in the Senate. No party had a clear majority because Vice President John C. Calhoun aligned with the Nullifiers, and eventually resigned before the end of the 22nd Congress. However, Democrats retained control of the chamber, electing three different President pro tempores: Samuel Smith, Littleton W. Tazewell, and Hugh Lawson White.

Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)
Samuel Smith (July 27, 1752 – April 22, 1839) was an American Senator and Representative from Maryland, a mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, and a general in the Maryland militia. He was the older brother of cabinet secretary Robert Smith.

Smith served twice as President pro tempore of the United States Senate, first from 1805 to 1808 and later from 1828 to 1831.
Prashant Awasthi (footballer)
Prashant Awasthi (born 4 November 1998) is a Nepalese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Martyr's Memorial A-Division League club Satdobato Youth Club and the Nepal national team. He made his international national debut against Thailand on 24 March 2022 in Chonburi.

Chonburi
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, IAST: jalapurī, pronounced [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is the capital of Chonburi Province and, as part of the district Mueang Chonburi, the seventh-largest city in Thailand. It is about 100 km southeast of Bangkok, on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand, and has an urban population of 342,959. Its name means 'city of water'.

Chonburi, along with the urban areas of Si Racha and Pattaya, forms a conurbation known as the Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Area, which has a total population of 999,092.

Chonburi town has had town (thesaban mueang) status since 1935 and makes up only a small part of the current city-scape.
Leake and Watts Services
40°48′09″N 73°57′46″W﻿ / ﻿40.80250°N 73.96278°W﻿ / 40.80250; -73.96278

Leake and Watts Services, Inc. is a not-for-profit social services agency in New York City that provides services for children and families in the areas of foster care, adoption, special education, Head Start and other related subjects.  It has facilities in Yonkers in Westchester County, New York, and in the Bronx and upper Manhattan in New York City.  The agency began as the Leake and Watts Orphan Asylum in Manhattan.

In 2018, Leake and Watts Services was rebranded as Rising Ground. A description of the organization today is available at Rising Ground.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Intermountain Intertie
The Intermountain Intertie is the largest linked amateur radio repeater system in the state of Utah. Managed by the Utah VHF Society, the Intermountain Intertie primarily covers areas west of the Wasatch Front, from Saint George to Tremonton. The Intermountain Intertie also covers areas in the northwest of Utah up to Boise, Idaho and toward the northeast into Evanston, Wyoming and Rock Springs, Wyoming. The Intertie further reaches into parts of Montana, and Arizona. There are no Intermountain Intertie repeaters east of I-15 on I-70; in this area, the Sinbad Desert Amateur Radio Club Intertie has substantial coverage.

Tremonton, Utah
Tremonton is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States. The population was 9,894 at the time of the 2020 census. As of 2024, Tremonton has an estimated population of 13,713 and is one of the fastest growing municipalities in the state of Utah (2024 estimate annual growth rate: 7.33%).
Piranhamesodon
Piranhamesodon pinnatomus is a pycnodontiform fish from the Late Jurassic (ca. 152 million years old). It was described from the Plattenkalk deposits of the Solnhofen Formation, in Bavaria, Germany. It is notable for having sharp, serrated teeth highly reminiscent of a piranha, a highly unusual trait as most other species in the order Pycnodontiformes were shellfish eaters with flat, crushing teeth. It is also the oldest known bony fish with this trait. This unusual combination is reflected in its genus name, which is a combination of piranha and the frequent pycnodontiform genus suffix Mesodon. Fossils of other fish found in the same area have torn fins possibly attributable to this species.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Kwieciszewo
Kwieciszewo [kfjɛt͡ɕiˈʂɛvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mogilno, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. In local 1792 baptism records, the town is written variously as Kwicizewo, Kwicezewo and Kwitzewo.

Mogilno County
Mogilno County (Polish: powiat mogileński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was formed on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mogilno, which lies 52 km (32 mi) south of Bydgoszcz and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of Toruń. The only other town in the county is Strzelno, lying 16 km (10 mi) east of Mogilno.

The county covers an area of 675.86 square kilometres (261.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 45,756, out of which the population of Mogilno is 11,836, that of Strzelno is 5,631, and the rural population is 28,289.