hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2020 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary
The 2020 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary took place on July 7, 2020, alongside the Delaware primary, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election. It was originally planned for June 2 together with four other primaries, but was moved due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The New Jersey primary was a semi-closed primary, with the state awarding 146 delegates, of which 126 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the primary.

Former vice president and presumptive nominee Joe Biden won nearly 85% of the vote and almost all delegates. While senator Bernie Sanders closely failed to reach the 15% threshold for statewide delegates, he would have received 9 district delegates according to the final vote count, but for unknown reasons (possibly due to little time left for the delegate selection) the New Jersey Democrats only awarded him 5 delegates.

Delegate (American politics)
A delegate is a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States.

There are various types of delegates elected to different political bodies. In the United States Congress delegates are elected to represent the interests of a United States territory and its citizens or nationals. In addition, certain US states are governed by a House of Delegates or another parliamentary assembly whose members are known as elected delegates.

Prior to a United States presidential election, the major political parties select delegates from the various state parties for a presidential nominating convention, often by either primary elections or party caucuses.
Wyers Nunataks
Wyers Nunataks (67°13′S 49°43′E﻿ / ﻿67.217°S 49.717°E﻿ / -67.217; 49.717) is a group of nunataks at the base of Sakellari Peninsula, just west of Wyers Ice Shelf in Enderby Land. Plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956 and 1957. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for R.W.L. Wyers, glaciologist at Mawson Station in 1961.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wyers Nunataks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.
Cope rearrangement
The Cope rearrangement (sometimes referred to as the Hardy–Cope rearrangement) is an extensively studied organic reaction involving the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of 1,5-dienes. It was developed by Arthur C. Cope and Elizabeth Hardy. For example, 3-methyl-hexa-1,5-diene heated to 300 °C yields hepta-1,5-diene.

The Cope rearrangement causes the fluxional states of the molecules in the bullvalene family.

Diene
In organic chemistry, a diene (/ˈdaɪiːn/ DY-een); also diolefin, /daɪˈoʊləfɪn/ dy-OH-lə-fin) or alkadiene) is a covalent compound that contains two double bonds, usually among carbon atoms. They thus contain two alkene units, with the standard prefix di of systematic nomenclature.  As a subunit of more complex molecules, dienes occur in naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals and are used in organic synthesis.  Conjugated dienes are widely used as monomers in the polymer industry. Polyunsaturated fats are of interest to nutrition.
Rachael Gunn
Rachael Louise Gunn (born 2 September 1987), known competitively as Raygun, is an Australian academic and former competitive breakdancer. She is a lecturer in the Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language, and Literature at Macquarie University Faculty of Arts.

Gunn gained media attention after competing in breaking at the 2024 Summer Olympics, the sport's debut at the Games. She received a score of zero in a competition against three opponents and did not progress past the first round, being the only competitor in either the men's or women's competitions to fail to score. After her performance, Gunn became the subject of widespread criticism and online bullying. In September 2024, Gunn was ranked by the World DanceSport Federation as the World's Number One in the sport of breakdancing. In November 2024, she announced she was retiring from competitive break-dancing after receiving overwhelming global criticism for her performance at the Olympics.

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying/harassment) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online/internet harassment and trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i-Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them.
Koll
Koll is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adi Koll (born 1976), Israeli politician

Bill Koll (1923–2003), American sport wrestler

Claudia Koll (born 1965), Italian actress

Dominik Koll (born 1984), Austrian swimmer

Heinz Koll, Namibian rugby union player

Manuel Koll (born 1987), Austrian figure skater

Nathan Trent (born Nathanaele Koll, 1992), Austrian singer

Reena Koll (born 1996), Estonian pole vaulter

Richard Koll (1897–1963), German Wehrmacht general

Rob Koll, American sport wrestler and coach

Theo Koll (born 1958), German journalist

Dominik Koll
Dominik Koll (born 24 December 1984) is an Austrian former swimmer, who specialized in freestyle events. He is a two-time Olympian, a 41-time national titleholder, and a 5-time long and short course Austrian record holder. Koll is a member of the swimming team for SK VÖEST Linz. He won a bronze medal, as a member of the Austrian swimming team, at the 2008 European Championships in Eindhoven, Netherlands. Koll is one of few LGBT Olympians to come out as gay.
Shea Gordon (artist)
Shea Gordon (born February 22, 1946, in Miami, FL) is an American artist whose work focuses on ecofeminism, symbolism, synchronicity, and spirituality. Her work has been exhibited nationally in New York City, Washington, DC, Miami, FL, Kansas City, MO, and internationally in England, Paris, South America, Israel, Australia and New Zealand. Gordon's work is in the permanent collections of Exeter Press, NY, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, The Museum of Modern Art, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Milwaukee Museum of Art and the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
The Ducoudray Holstein Expedition was an attempt by commercial interests to invade Puerto Rico, and declare it the independent "Republica Boricua" in 1822.

In the 1820s there was a plot to invade Puerto Rico, declare its independence from Spain, proclaim the Republica Boricua and establish its capital in Mayagüez. This invasion was different from all its precursors since none before had intended to make Puerto Rico an independent nation, and use the Taino name Boricua as the name of the republic. It was also intended more as a mercantile venture than a patriotic endeavor. It was the first time an invasion intended to make the city of Mayagüez the capital of the island.

The enterprise was conceived and carefully planned, organized and directed as a for-profit commercial enterprise by general Henri La Fayette Villaume Ducoudray Holstein, a Germano-French veteran of the Napoleonic Wars and the Spanish American wars of independence.

Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mayagüez (Spanish pronunciation: [maʝaˈɣwes], locally [maʝaˈweʔ]) is the ninth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez (Township of Our Lady of Candelaria), and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste (The Sultaness of the West), Ciudad de las Aguas Puras (City of Pure Waters), or Ciudad del Mangó (Mango City). On April 6, 1894, the Spanish Crown granted it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez (Excellent City of Mayagüez). Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico. It has a population of 73,077, and it is the principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area (pop. 213,831) and the Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area (pop. 467,599).
Ryan Claridge
Ryan Quinlan Claridge (born April 12, 1981) is an American former professional football linebacker. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New England Patriots in the 2005 season, but was released early during 2006 training camp. He played college football at UNLV and is currently the owner of Big Apple Bagels in Traverse City, Michigan, which he purchased in May 2022.

Big Apple Bagels
Big Apple Bagels is an American franchised chain of bakery-cafes based in Deerfield, Illinois. Coffee, along with a variety of other related products are sold. The products are sold as three different brands: Big Apple Bagels, Brewster's Coffee, and My Favorite Muffin.
Gary Bredin
Gary Blaine Bredin (born May 25, 1948) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward.

Bredin played in 144 games in the World Hockey Association with the Indianapolis Racers, Michigan Stags, Baltimore Blades, Denver Spurs, Ottawa Civics and San Diego Mariners.

Michigan Stags
The Michigan Stags were a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit that played a portion of the 1974–75 season in the World Hockey Association. On January 18, 1975, the team folded, but the league immediately took over operation and moved the franchise to Baltimore where it was known as the Baltimore Blades. The Stags originated as the Los Angeles Aces, but were renamed the Los Angeles Sharks before their first game, one of the WHA's original twelve teams. The Stags played at Cobo Arena, and the Blades at the Baltimore Civic Center.
Regis Resources
Regis Resources is an Australian-based, Australian Securities Exchange-listed (ASX) gold producer and explorer based in Subiaco, Western Australia.

The company's main assets are the fully owned Duketon Gold Project and a 30 percent share in the Tropicana Gold Mine, both located in Western Australia.

From 1987 to 2004, Australian businessman and mining industry entrepreneur Joseph Gutnick served as a director of the company, at times also filling the role of chairman and managing director.

Subiaco, Western Australia
Subiaco (/ˌsuːbiˈækoʊ/ SOO-bee-AK-oh), known colloquially as Subi, is an inner-western suburb of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It is approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Perth's central business district, in the City of Subiaco local government area. Historically a working-class suburb containing a mixture of industrial and commercial land uses, since the 1990s the area has been one of Australia's most celebrated urban redevelopment projects. It remains a predominantly low-rise, urban village neighbourhood centred around Subiaco train station and Rokeby Road.

The suburb has three schools: Subiaco Primary School, Perth Modern School, which is the state's only fully academically selective public school, and Bob Hawke College. Landmarks in Subiaco include Subiaco Oval, which formerly was the largest stadium in Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, and Subiaco railway station.
Battle of Perlasz
The Battle of Perlasz (now Perlez, in the Zrenjanin municipality in the Central Banat District Serbia) was a battle in the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848-1849, fought on 2 September 1848 between the Hungarian Army under the command of Colonel Ernő Kiss and Lieutenant Colonel Antal Vetter against the Serbian insurgents led by Colonel Jovan Drakulić. The Hungarians captured, through heavy fight, the Serbian fortified military camp from Perlasz, being the first important offensive success of the Hungarian army in the Revolutionary war. Although this success could not be exploited because of Kiss's indecision, it had an important moral boost for the Hungarians, and also prevented the Serbians to start an offensive right when the Croatian troops led by Ban Josip Jelačić attacked Hungary, to put an end to the Hungarian independence.

Perlez
Perlez (Serbian Cyrillic: Перлез; Hungarian: Perlasz) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (87.29%) and its population numbering 3,818 people (2002 census).

Famous residents: Milan Ponjević (actor).
Frluga
Frluga (pronounced [fəɾˈluːɡa]; in older sources also Ferluga) is a small settlement in the Gorjanci Mountains in the Municipality of Krško in eastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Žumberak Mountains
The Žumberak Mountains (Croatian: Žumberačka gora, Slovene: Gorjanci, historic German name: Uskokengebirge) is a range of hills and mountains in northwestern Croatia and southeastern Slovenia, extending from the southwest to the northeast between the Krka and the Kupa.

It covers an area of 430 km2 (170 sq mi). The geographically unified massif consists of two parts, separated by the Bregana and Žumberak rivers (Croatian: Žumberačka rijeka). The northeastern part is the Samobor Hills (Croatian: Samoborsko gorje) with the foothills. The central and western part is named Žumberak Hills (Croatian: Žumberačko gorje, Žumberak). Its northwesternmost part, named Gorjanci, lies in Slovenia. The highest peak of the range is Sveta Gera (Trdina Peak) on the border between Croatia and Slovenia, with an elevation of 1,178 m (3,865 ft). Since 1999, an area of the range in Croatia has been protected as the Žumberak–Samobor Hills Nature Park.
Feneryolu
Feneryolu is a neighbourhood in the Kadıköy district of Istanbul, Turkey. It covers an area of approximately 1.0 km². Located just inland from the Marmara Sea, Feneryolu is situated between the coastal neighbourhood of Fenerbahçe and the residential area of Fikirtepe. The name Feneryolu (literally "lighthouse road") is believed to refer to the historic route leading to the Fenerbahçe Lighthouse.

It is bordered on the north by the Kadıköy neighborhood of Merdivenköy, on the east by the Kadıköy neighborhood of Göztepe, on the south by Bağdat Avenue and the Kadıköy neighborhood of Fenerbahçe, and on the west by the Kadıköy neighborhood of Zühtüpaşa.

The neighbourhood benefits from public transportation links, notably the Marmaray commuter rail network via its railway station and local bus services provided by İETT. Feneryolu's borders extend from the countrywide famous shopping street Bağdat Avenue to the major avenue of "Minibus Street" (Fahrettin Kerim Gökay Avenue).

Istanbul Electricity, Tram and Tunnel Establishments
The Istanbul Electricity, Tram and Tunnel Establishments (Turkish: İstanbul Elektrik, Tramvay ve Tünel İşletmeleri) or İETT is the transportation authority in Istanbul connected to the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality specializing in public transportation.
Schiedea sarmentosa
Schiedea sarmentosa is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name cliff schiedea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Molokai. It is threatened by the degradation and destruction of its habitat. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This plant is a subshrub with many branches reaching 30 to 45 centimeters tall. It has very narrow, threadlike leaves up to 4.5 centimeters long oppositely arranged on the branches. The plant produces many inflorescences of flowers with green sepals and no petals. It grows in dry and moist forest habitat, sometimes on cliff faces. Other plants in the habitat include Schiedea lydgatei (Lydgate's schiedea), Styphelia tameiameiae (pukiawe), Chenopodium oahuensis (’aheahea), Alyxia oliviformis (maile), Dracaena sp. (hala pepe), and Chamaesyce sp. (’akoko).

There are two populations of this plant for a total of not more than 1000 individuals.

Dracaena (plant)
Dracaena is a genus of about 200–220 species of trees and succulent shrubs. The formerly accepted genera Pleomele and Sansevieria are now included in Dracaena. In the APG IV classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Convallarioideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae). It has also formerly been separated (sometimes with Cordyline) into the family Dracaenaceae or kept in the Agavaceae (now Agavoideae).

The name dracaena is derived from the Latinised form of the Ancient Greek δράκαινα – drakaina, "female dragon".

The Plants of the World Online database accepts 214 species as of September 2025. The majority of the species are native to Africa (including the Canary Islands and Socotra), southern Asia, and northern Australia, but also seven species in Hawai'i, and two in tropical Central America.
Generations of Virtue
Generations of Virtue (GOV) is a non-profit organization whose focus is to equip families with resources and education on implementing lifestyles of sexual purity, based on Christian values. GOV was founded in 2003 by Julie Hiramine, the author of Guardians of Purity, and is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The organization has developed curriculum, lecture series, book series, and several products to promote purity.

Abstinence
Abstinence is the practice of self-enforced restraint from indulging in bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure. Most frequently, the term refers to sexual abstinence, but it can also mean abstinence from alcohol, drugs, food, or other comforts.

Because the regimen is intended to be a conscious act, freely chosen to enhance life, abstinence is sometimes distinguished from the psychological mechanism of repression. The latter is an unconscious state, having unhealthy consequences.
Hemimyzon confluens
Hemimyzon confluens is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Hemimyzon. It is known from a single location in the Nam Ngum drainage in Laos, a tributary of the Mekong. The known material suggests a maximum standard length of about  47 mm (1.9 in). H. confluens is threatened by pollution from mining activities and hydro-power development.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Battle of Tofrek
The Battle of Tofrek was fought on 22 March 1885 some 5 miles inland from the port of Suakin on the Red Sea coast of Sudan.  A contingent of some 3,000 troops from the British and Indian "Suakin Field Force" led by Major General Sir John Carstairs McNeill (under the overall command of General Gerald Graham) was attacked by a Mahdist force under the leadership of Osman Digna. The Mahdists were heavily defeated, losing some 1,000 of their 2,000 fighters as compared to the loss of 70 British and Indian soldiers plus over 100 casualties.

5th Royal Irish Lancers
The 5th Royal Irish Lancers was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War. It amalgamated with the 16th The Queen's Lancers to become the 16th/5th Lancers in 1922.
Two Dogmas of Empiricism
"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a canonical essay by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.  According to University of Sydney professor of philosophy Peter Godfrey-Smith, this "paper [is] sometimes regarded as the most important in all of twentieth-century philosophy". The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each meaningful statement gets its meaning from some logical construction of terms that refer exclusively to immediate experience.

"Two Dogmas" has six sections. The first four focus on analyticity, the last two on reductionism. There, Quine turns the focus to the logical positivists' theory of meaning. He also presents his own holistic theory of meaning.

Reductionism
Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of simpler or more fundamental phenomena. It is also described as an intellectual and philosophical position that interprets a complex system as the sum of its parts, contrary to holism. Reductionism tends to focus on the small, predictable details of a system and is often associated with various philosophies like emergence, materialism, and determinism.
Still on Your Side
"Still on Your Side" is a song by British pop rock band BBMak. It was released as the second single from their debut studio album, Sooner or Later (2000), in the US on 5 November 2000 and in the band's native UK on 14 May 2001. Having previously achieved success in the American market first with their single "Back Here", 
"Still on Your Side" was BBMak's second top 10 hit in the UK. In the US, the song charted in the number 54 position on the Hot 100 chart, number 40 on the Adult Top 40 chart, and 14 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart.

Sooner or Later (BBMak album)
Sooner or Later is the debut studio album by English pop group BBMak, released on 16 May 2000 through Telstar and Hollywood Records. It was re-released in the United Kingdom the following year, peaking at number 16 in the UK charts. The album peaked at number 38 on the US Billboard 200, producing three hit singles, and was certified gold.