hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Old Horse
Old Horse was a folk custom found in an area of north-eastern England. Geographically, the custom was found in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, and part of Yorkshire. The tradition entails the use of a  hobby horse that is mounted on a pole and carried by an individual hidden under a sackcloth. It represents a regional variation of a "hooded animal" tradition that appears in various forms throughout the British Isles.

In geographical location and style it displays strong similarities with the Old Tup custom, but in the latter the hobby horse was presented as a goat rather than a horse. The Old Tup was largely found in the same area of England. In Derbyshire, the two customs are often recorded as existing in the same village. Old Horse was less common in Yorkshire than Old Tup, and also spread further into Nottinghamshire than the Old Tup custom did.

Sackcloth
Sackcloth (Hebrew: שַׂק śaq) is a coarsely woven fabric, usually made of goat's hair. The term in English often connotes the biblical usage, where the Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible remarks that haircloth would be a more appropriate rendering of the Hebrew meaning.

In some Christian traditions (notably Catholicism), the wearing of hairshirts continues as a self-imposed means of mortifying the flesh that is often practiced during the Christian penitential season of Lent, especially on Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, and other Fridays of the Lenten season.
Lake Erie Correctional Institution
The Lake Erie Correctional Institution  is a minimum- and medium-security prison for men located in Conneaut, Ashtabula County, Ohio, owned and operated by CoreCivic under contract with the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.

The facility first opened in 2000, has been owned by CCA since 2012, and has a working population of 1750 state inmates.

Lake Erie was the first sale of a state prison in the United States to a private company.

In 2012, Ohio state auditors deducted $500,000 from its contract at Lake Erie for violations such as understaffing, which had given rise to a high rate of violence and smuggled drugs.

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (DRC or ODRC) is the administrative department for the state of Ohio responsible for oversight of its adult prison system, along with its inmate population. Ohio's prison system is the sixth-largest in America, with 27 adult prisons and three facilities for juveniles. Inmates are classified with a security level of 1 through 4, including a special classification level of "E", with level 1 being the lowest and least restrictive, while level "E" is the highest, with the most restrictive security control measures in place. In December 2018, the number of inmates in Ohio totaled 49,255, with the prison system spending nearly $1.8 billion that year. ODRC headquarters are located in Columbus.
Vipera aspis
Vipera aspis is a viper species found in southwestern Europe. 
Its common names include asp, asp viper, European asp, and aspic viper, among others. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Bites from this species can be more severe than from the European adder, V. berus; not only can they be very painful, but approximately 4% of all untreated bites are fatal. The specific epithet, aspis, is a Greek word that means "viper." Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Ocker Hill Power Station
Ocker Hill Power Station was situated at Ocker Hill in Tipton, Staffordshire, at a point where the Walsall Canal intersected the L&NWR Wednesbury to Princes End railway line. It was opened in 1902 by the Midland Electric Corporation for Power Distribution (MEC) and supplied electricity at 7 kV two phase 50 Hz to much of the Black Country. At the time of its building it was stated by the Stourbridge County Express that it was planned to be the largest power station in England. Although this may have been the original intention, it was never achieved.

Two-phase electric power
Two-phase electrical power was an early 20th-century polyphase alternating current electric power distribution system. Two circuits were used, with voltage phases differing by one-quarter of a cycle, 90°. Usually circuits used four wires, two for each phase. Less frequently, three wires were used, with a common wire with a larger-diameter conductor. Some early two-phase generators had two complete rotor and field assemblies, with windings physically offset to provide two-phase power. The generators at Niagara Falls installed in 1895 were the largest generators in the world at that time, and were two-phase machines. Three-phase systems eventually replaced the original two-phase power systems for power transmission and utilization. Active two-phase distribution systems remain in Center City Philadelphia, where many commercial buildings are permanently wired for two-phase, and in Hartford, Connecticut.
Angelelli
Angelelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cheryl Angelelli (born 1968), American para-swimmer

Enrique Angelelli (1923–1976), Argentine bishop

Giuseppe Angelelli (1803–1844), Italian painter

Max Angelelli (born 1966), Italian racecar driver

Cheryl Angelelli
Cheryl Angelelli-Kornoelje is a retired American para swimmer, an Oakland University bachelor's degree's graduate and a motivational speaker. She was inducted into the Michigan Athletes with Disabilities Hall of Fame in 2000, and was named Female Amateur Athlete of the Year by the State of Michigan twice, once in 2000 and once in 2003.
Fifteens
Fifteens are a type of tray bake from Ulster. The recipe's name derives from the fact that a set of fifteen buns is typically made with 15 digestive biscuits, 15 marshmallows and 15 glacé cherries, which are combined with condensed milk and desiccated coconut.

Digestive biscuit
A digestive biscuit, sometimes described as a sweet-meal biscuit, is a semi-sweet biscuit that originated in Scotland. The digestive was first developed in 1839 by two doctors to aid digestion. The term digestive is derived from the belief, around the time the biscuit was first introduced, that they had antacid properties due to the use of sodium bicarbonate as an ingredient. Historically, some producers used diastatic malt extract to "digest" some of the starch that existed in flour prior to baking.

First manufactured by McVitie's in 1892 to a secret recipe developed by Sir Alexander Grant, their digestive is the best-selling biscuit in the United Kingdom. In 2009, the digestive was ranked the fourth most popular biscuit for "dunking" into tea among the British public, with the chocolate digestive (produced by McVitie's since 1925) coming in at number one. The chocolate variant from McVitie's is routinely ranked the UK's favourite snack.
Ronald McKinnon Wood
Ronald McKinnon Wood OBE (11 May 1892–22 October 1967) was a Labour Member of London County Council for Bethnal Green from 1946 to 1961. He served as Chairman of London County Council from 1957 to 1958.

The son of Thomas McKinnon Wood, he was educated at Highgate School, Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood and Pembroke College, Cambridge.

He married Gwendoline Elaine Dykes Spicer, daughter of Sir Albert Spicer, 1st Baronet in 1918. They had three children together.

Bethnal Green (London County Council constituency)
Bethnal Green was a constituency used for elections to the London County Council between 1949 and the council's abolition, in 1965.  The seat shared boundaries with the UK Parliament constituency of the same name.
Mona Weissmark
Mona Sue Weissmark is an American clinical psychologist and social psychologist, whose work on the inter-generational impact of injustice has received international recognition. She is best known for her groundbreaking social experiment of bringing children of Holocaust survivors face-to-face with children of Nazis, and later, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of African American slaves with slave owners. She is also a professor of psychology at Northwestern University and author of numerous journal articles and three books: Doing Psychotherapy Effectively (University of Chicago Press) and Justice Matters: Legacies of the Holocaust and World War II (Oxford University Press), and The Science of Diversity (Oxford University Press).

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Moatoshi Longkumer
Moatoshi Longkmer is an Indian politician and has been  a Member of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly from Dimapur II constituency since 2018. He is the Advisor for Labour & Employment, Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and Excise. He was a member of Naga People's Front and later joined the Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party. In 2025, he rejoined the Naga People's Front after it merged with NDPP.

Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
The Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP) was a regional political party that ruled the Indian state of Nagaland from 2018 until its merger with Naga People's Front in 2025. The symbol of the party was a globe.

The NDPP was formed by Naga People's Front rebels who supported former Chief Minister of Nagaland Neiphiu Rio, and split to form the Democratic Progressive Party. The NDPP was merged with the Naga People's Front in 2025.
Hadwen Arboretum
The Hadwen Arboretum is a 26-acre (11 ha) forest located in the Columbus Park neighborhood of Worcester, Massachusetts. The front entrance is situated on Lovell St. and the arboretum contains many heritage trees that were originally planted by its caretaker Obadiah Hadwen. The property is owned and maintained by nearby Clark University.

The mid-point of the East-West Trail, a 14-mile (23 km) trek connecting 20 green spaces throughout Worcester, is located in the Hadwen Arboretum. There is also a community garden cared for by the Regional Environmental Council.

Heritage tree
A heritage tree is typically a large, individual tree with unique value, which is considered irreplaceable. The major criteria for heritage tree designation are age, rarity, and size, as well as aesthetic, botanical, ecological, and historical value. Heritage tree ordinances are developed to place limits upon the removal of these trees; the ordinances are oriented towards a specific tree, not a woodland. Heritage trees in Singapore are protected by law under the Heritage Trees Scheme adopted on 17 August 2001. The oak is depicted as England's heritage tree.

In the US, the first state-sponsored heritage tree program began in 1995 in Oregon with the Giant Sitka Spruce. In Iowa, the Living Heritage Tree Museum contains descendants of famous trees. In the state of Washington, there are several categories of heritage trees, such as Historical, Specimen, Rare, or Significant Grove.

The city of Portland, Oregon maintains a database of trees designated as heritage trees.
Oddmund
Oddmund is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Oddmund Andersen (1915–1999), Norwegian footballer

Oddmund Finnseth (born 1957), Norwegian jazz musician, composer and music teacher

Oddmund Hagen (born 1950), Norwegian poet, novelist, children's writer and literary critic

Oddmund Hammerstad (born 1942), Norwegian military officer, businessman and politician

Oddmund Hoel (1910–1983), Norwegian politician

Oddmund Jensen (1928–2011), Norwegian cross-country skier and coach

Oddmund Myklebust (1915–1972), Norwegian politician

Oddmund Raudberget (born 1932), Norwegian artist, painter, and sculptor

Oddmund Vik (1858–1930), Norwegian politician

Oddmund Andersen
Oddmund Andersen (21 December 1915 – 23 November 1999) was a Norwegian football defender who played as a centre-half and was a reserve member of the Norway squad in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. In total, he won four full caps for Norway between 1936 and 1946. His older brother Hans Andersen was also capped once by Norway.

On club level, Andersen played for Mjøndalen. He was a member of the MIF teams that won the Norwegian Cup in 1934 and 1937.
2016 Abierto Mexicano Telcel – Women's doubles
Lara Arruabarrena and María Teresa Torró Flor were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Arruabarrena played alongside Paula Cristina Gonçalves, but lost in the quarterfinals to María Irigoyen and Paula Kania. Torró Flor was scheduled to team up with Shahar Pe'er, but withdrew before their first round match.
Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja won the title, defeating Kiki Bertens and Johanna Larsson in the final, 6–0, 6–4.

Lara Arruabarrena
Lara Arruabarrena Vecino (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlaɾa arwaβaˈrena βeˈθino]; born 20 March 1992) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. On 3 July 2017, she reached a career-high WTA singles ranking of 52, and her best doubles ranking is world No. 28, set on 22 February 2016.

Over her career, she won two singles and eight doubles titles on the WTA Tour. Arruabarrena retired from professional tour in August 2022.
Dublin Clontarf (Dáil constituency)
Dublin Clontarf was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1977 to 1981. The constituency elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, using proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Oireachtas
The Oireachtas (/ˈɛrəktəs/ EH-rək-təs; Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): a lower house called Dáil Éireann and an upper house called Seanad Éireann.

The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin, an eighteenth-century ducal palace. The directly elected Dáil is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas.
Ed Foster (writer)
Edward Sanders Foster (March 28, 1949 – July 26, 2008) was an American columnist for InfoWorld, best remembered for his Gripelog column in InfoWorld, and his work opposing UCITA. Foster worked at InfoWorld as a reporter, writer, editor, and publication executive for over 20 years. In 1993 he launched his popular column, "The Gripe Line", which later became an ongoing blog.

Foster had a son, Jeff.

InfoWorld
InfoWorld (IW) is an American information technology media business that began as a monthly magazine in 1978, but transitioned to a Web publication in 2007. Having Macworld and PC World as its sister publications, it has been owned by Regent LP since 2025.
George Sawyer (comedian)
George Sawyer is a British comedian. He is one half of the comedy duo "Larry & George" along with Laurence Rickard. He has written for The Armstrong and Miller Show, The Ministry of Curious Stuff, Me and My Monsters, Horrible Histories, Ed and Oucho's Excellent Inventions, Dick and Dom's Funny Business, Gigglebiz and Comedy Lab. He has also appeared in The Ministry of Curious Stuff, Horrible Histories, Dick and Dom’s Funny Business, School of Silence, Comedy Lab and Relic: Guardians of the Museum.

Me and My Monsters
Me and My Monsters is a children's comedy television program from The Jim Henson Company that combines live action and puppetry. The series is a co-production filmed in Australia. It first screened on CBBC on 18 October 2010 and airs on Network Ten and Nickelodeon.
Die schwarze Maske
Die schwarze Maske ('The Black Mask') is an opera by composer Krzysztof Penderecki using a German libretto by the composer and Harry Kupfer which is based on a 1928 play by Gerhart Hauptmann. The opera premiered at the Salzburg Festival on 15 August 1986, after which there were productions mounted at the Vienna State Opera and the Great Theatre, Warsaw during the following opera season. The work had its United States premiere on 30 July 1988 at the Santa Fe Opera with a cast that included Mark Lundberg.

Grand Theatre, Warsaw
The Grand Theatre, Warsaw (Polish: Teatr Wielki w Warszawie), or the Great Theatre—National Opera  (Polish: Teatr Wielki—Opera Narodowa), is a theatre and opera complex situated on the historic Theatre Square in central Warsaw, Poland. The Warsaw Grand Theatre is home to the Polish National Ballet and has a seating capacity of over 2,000.

The Warsaw Grand Theatre was inaugurated on 24 February 1833 with a production of Rossini's The Barber of Seville. After the building's bombing and near-complete destruction in World War II, it was rebuilt and reopened on 19 November 1965 after having been closed for over twenty years. The original building was designed in a neoclassical style by architects Antonio Corazzi and Chrystian Piotr Aigner, and later restored by Bohdan Pniewski.
1999–2000 KNVB Cup
The 1999–2000 KNVB Cup (at the time known as the Amstel Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 82nd edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 86 teams contested, beginning on 31 July 1999 and at the final on 21 May 2000.

Ajax unsuccessfully defended its 1999 title in the Round of 16 losing to Roda JC, 1–0. Roda JC successfully pursued on 21 May 2000 in De Kuip, Rotterdam its 2nd KNVB Cup losing to NEC, 0–2. 40,000 attended. Roda JC contested the UEFA Cup.

De Kuip
Stadion Feijenoord (pronounced [ˌstaːdijɔɱ ˈfɛiənoːrt]), more commonly known by its nickname De Kuip (pronounced [də ˈkœyp], the Tub), is a stadium in Rotterdam, Netherlands. It was completed in 1937. The name is derived from the Feijenoord district in Rotterdam, and from the club with the same name (although the club's name was internationalised to Feyenoord in 1973). The stadium has also hosted the Dutch national football team. Beginning in the late 1970s, it also became a concert venue, including for international touring musical acts, though the local government stopped allowing concerts after mid-2025.

The stadium's original capacity was 64,000. In 1949, it was expanded to 69,000, and in 1994 it was converted to a 51,117-seat all-seater. In 1999, a significant amount of restoration and interior work took place at the stadium before its use as a venue in the UEFA Euro 2000 tournament, although capacity was largely unaffected.
Parectopa bumeliella
Parectopa bumeliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Kentucky and Arkansas in the United States. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1939.

The host plants for the species include Sideroxylon lanuginosum and Sideroxylon lycioides. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Annette Braun
Annette Frances Braun (August 24, 1884 – November 27, 1978) was an American entomologist and leading authority on microlepidoptera, a grouping of mostly small and nocturnal moths. Her special interest was leaf miners: moths whose larvae live and feed from within a leaf.
Point Samson, Western Australia
Point Samson is a small coastal settlement 1,579 kilometres (981 mi) north of Perth and 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Roebourne in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The town is a popular holiday location for the nearby mining towns, including Wickham, Karratha and Dampier. Fishing is the main industry.

From 1938 to 1966 blue asbestos, also known as crocidolite, was carried here by truck from Wittenoom for shiploading by the Australian Blue Asbestos company.

The townsite was investigated for further development in the 1980s.

The population of Point Samson was 235 at the 2021 census, slightly up from 231 at the 2016 census, down from 298 in 2011 and 274 in 2006.

Pilbara
The Pilbara (/ˈpɪlbərə/) is a large, dry, sparsely populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal people, its geography, its red earth, and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a global biodiversity hotspot for subterranean fauna.
Kolusu Peda Reddaiah
Kolusu Peda Reddaiah  (d. 2023) was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He served as a member of 10th Lok Sabha representing Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency as a nominee of Telugu Desam Party. He also served as a member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1983 - 1985 and again from 1985 - 89 representing Indian National Congress. He last contested in the 2009 Indian general election from Eluru Lok Sabha constituency as a nominee of Praja Rajyam Party and lost.

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.
Christoph Samuel John
Christoph Samuel John (11 August 1747 – 1 September 1813) was a German missionary in the service of the Danish-Halle Mission in southern India at the Danish settlement of Tranquebar (Tharangambadi). He promoted schools, natural theology, and collected specimens of local natural history which he sent to collaborators and several species have been named from his collections including the plant Impatiens johnii, the snake Eryx johnii and the fish genus Johnius and the species Lutjanus johnii.

Impatiens johnii
Impatiens johnii is a species of balsam with a restricted distribution in the Munnar region of southern India. The species was first described by Edward Barnes in 1939 and it was not recorded in the wild again until 1999. The species has a restricted geographic distribution and is therefore considered endangered. It is known from  the Pettimudy area and flowers from September to December.