hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taxation in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, taxation may involve payments to at least three different levels of government: central government (HM Revenue and Customs), devolved governments and local government. Central government revenues come primarily from income tax, National Insurance contributions, value added tax, corporation tax and fuel duty. Local government revenues come primarily from grants from central government funds, business rates in England, Council Tax and increasingly from fees and charges such as those for on-street parking. In the fiscal year 2023–24, total government revenue was forecast to be £1,139.1 billion, or 40.9 per cent of GDP, with income taxes and National Insurance contributions standing at around £470 billion.

Jaffa Cakes
Jaffa Cakes are a cake introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. In their most common form, Jaffa cakes are circular, 2+1⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter, and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange-flavoured jam, and a coating of chocolate. Each cake is 46 calories. Jaffa Cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes now come in packs of 10, 20, 30, or 40, having been downsized in 2017 from 12 or 24 per pack.

Because McVitie's did not register the name "Jaffa Cakes" as a trademark, other biscuit manufacturers and supermarkets have made similar products under the same name. The product's classification as a cake or biscuit was part of a VAT tribunal in 1991, with the court finding in McVitie's favour that Jaffa Cakes should be considered cakes and not biscuits for tax purposes. In 2012 they were ranked the best selling cake or biscuit in the United Kingdom.
Krčedin
Krčedin (Serbian Cyrillic: Крчедин) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Inđija municipality, in the Srem District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,878 people (2002 census). Great fishing and hunting place. It has the biggest natural island on all Danube river, Krčedinska Ada.

Srem District
The Srem District (Serbian: Сремски округ, romanized: Sremski okrug, pronounced [srɛ̂ːmskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical regions of Syrmia and Mačva. According to the 2022 census, the Srem District has a population of 282,547 inhabitants. The administrative center is the city of Sremska Mitrovica.
Axel von Harnack
Friedrich Hermann Julius Axel von Harnack (September 12, 1895 – June 17, 1974) was a German librarian, historian and philologist. He was the cousin of Arvid and Falk Harnack and worked to get Arvid and his wife, Mildred Harnack released from Nazi detention after they were arrested in connection with the Red Orchestra. He was the first in the family to be told of Arvid and Mildred's arrest, which had been kept secret by the Nazis. In 1947, he published a memoir of the trial that convicted Arvid and Mildred Harnack of high treason and sentenced them to death.

Arvid Harnack
Arvid Harnack (German: [ˈaʁvɪt ˈhaʁnak] ⓘ; 24 May 1901 – 22 December 1942) was a German jurist, Marxist economist, Communist, and German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an intellectual family and was originally a humanist. He was strongly influenced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe but progressively moved to a Marxist-Socialist outlook after a visit to the Soviet Union and the Nazis' appearance. After starting an undercover discussion group based at the Berlin Abendgymnasium, he met Harro Schulze-Boysen, who ran a similar faction. Like numerous groups in other parts of the world, the undercover political factions led by Harnack and Schulze-Boysen later developed into an espionage network that supplied military and economic intelligence to the Soviet Union. The group was later called the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) by the Abwehr. He and his American-born wife, Mildred Fish, were executed by the Nazi regime in 1942 and 1943, respectively.
Vampire squid
The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis, lit. 'vampire squid from hell') is a small cephalopod found throughout temperate and tropical oceans in extreme deep sea conditions. The vampire squid uses its bioluminescent organs and its unique oxygen metabolism to thrive in the parts of the ocean with the lowest concentrations of oxygen. It has two long retractile filaments, located between the first two pairs of arms on its dorsal side, which distinguish it from both octopuses and squids, though its closest relatives are octopods. As a phylogenetic relict, it is the only known surviving member of the order Vampyromorphida.

The first specimens were collected on the Valdivia Expedition and were originally described as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun, but later assigned to a new order together with several extinct taxa.

Relict (biology)
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past. A relictual population is a population currently inhabiting a restricted area whose range was far wider during a previous geologic epoch. Similarly, a relictual taxon is a taxon (e.g. species or other lineage) which is the sole surviving representative of a formerly diverse group.
Mexican 20-peso note
The Mexican 20-peso note in the F family is the smallest banknote in denomination when it comes to Mexican currency, and is the most commonly used in Mexico, other than the 1,000-peso note that is normally only used for high-value transactions. On August 27, 2018 it was confirmed there is a plan for the note to be gradually replaced by a coin. The bills aesthetic draws inspiration from the State of Oxaca.

The 20 pesos banknote had a portrait of Benito Juárez, the twenty-sixth president of the Mexican Republic who fought in the Reform War. He declared a constitution and promoted education. It also has a balance that represents the people and justice above the law reform and the bird.

On the reverse side is an image of Monte Alban, located in the state of Oaxaca. Below it is the symbol of Cocijo, and finally the mark of the Bank of Mexico.

Bank of Mexico
The Bank of Mexico (Spanish: Banco de México), abbreviated BdeM or Banxico, is Mexico's central bank, monetary authority and lender of last resort. The Bank of Mexico is autonomous in exercising its functions, and its main objective is to achieve stability in the purchasing power of the national currency.
Aleksei Antonov
Aleksei Innokentievich Antonov (Russian: Алексей Иннокентьевич Антонов; 9 September 1896 – 16 June 1962) was a General of the Soviet Army, awarded the Order of Victory for his efforts in World War II. From 1945 to 1946 he was Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union.

Order of Victory
The Order of Victory (Russian: Орден «Победа», romanized: Orden "Pobeda") was the highest military decoration awarded for World War II service in the Soviet Union, and one of the rarest orders in the world. The order was awarded only to Generals and Marshals for successfully conducting combat operations involving one or more army groups and resulting in a "successful operation within the framework of one or several fronts resulting in a radical change of the situation in favor of the Red Army." The Order of Victory is a standalone decoration awarded specially for service in World War II; unlike other awards such as the Hero of the Soviet Union, it does not belong to any order of ranking. In the history of the Soviet Union, the award had been awarded twenty times to twelve Soviet leaders and five foreign leaders, with one revocation. The last living recipient was King Michael I of Romania, who died on 5 December 2017.
Qingde Wang
Qingde "Daniel"  Wang (王青德) is a professor of astronomy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.  His research focuses on the hot interstellar medium and intergalactic medium.  He received his PhD at Columbia University in 1990.

Wang has won the following honors:

1994 Lindheimer Fellowship

1992 Robert J. Trumpler Award for outstanding PhD thesis

1990-1993, Hubble Postdoctoral Fellowship

1985 Nanjing University New Star Award

Nanjing University
Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing and Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes, such as Nanjing Higher Normal School, National Southeastern University and National Central University, until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.

Nanjing University has four campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing, the Pukou campus in the Pukou District of Nanjing, and the Suzhou campus in the city of Suzhou.
Our Whole Lives
Our Whole Lives, or OWL, is a series of six comprehensive sexuality curricula for children, teenagers, young adults and adults published by the Unitarian Universalist Association and the United Church of Christ Justice and Witness Ministries. Publication was the result of seven years of collaborative effort by the two faiths to prepare material which addresses sexuality throughout the lifespan in age appropriate ways.

The Our Whole Lives program operates under the idea that well informed youth and young adults make better, healthier decisions about sexuality than those without complete information. OWL strives to be unbiased and teaches about heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, and transgender sexual health. In addition to information on sex, OWL is intended to help children, youth, and adults to be emotionally healthy and responsible in terms of their sexuality.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Jerry O'Connor
Jerry O'Connor (born 25 January 1979) is an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.  He is regarded as one of the greatest players of his generation.

O'Connor made his first appearance for the team during the 2000 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement following the conclusion of the 2011 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals, four Munster medals and three All-Star awards.

At club level O'Connor is an All-Ireland medalist with Newtownshandrum.  In addition to this he has also won three Munster medals and four county championship medals.

His twin brother Ben O'Connor and his younger sister Paula O'Connor also won All-Ireland medals with Cork in hurling and camogie respectively. His father Bernie O'Connor also played underage hurling with Cork.

2000 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 2000 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (also known as the Guinness Hurling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the 114th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The draw for the 2000 fixtures took place on 14 November 1999. The championship began on 6 May 2000 and ended on 10 September 2000.

Cork were the defending champions but were defeated by Offaly in the All-Ireland semi-final. Carlow, New York and Westmeath fielded teams after long absences.

On 10 September 2000, Kilkenny won the championship following a 5–15 to 1–14 defeat of Offaly in the All-Ireland final. This was their 26th All-Ireland title, their first in seven championship seasons. It was the third All-Ireland final to feature teams from the same province.

Offaly's Johnny Dooley was the championship's top scorer with 0–41. Kilkenny's D. J. Carey was the unanimous choice for Hurler of the Year.
Sony Ericsson Xperia X1
The Xperia X1 (codenamed HTC Kovsky) is a high-end smartphone from Sony Ericsson, and is the first in the manufacturer's Xperia series. The phone was designed and built by Taiwanese OEM HTC. The X1 was first presented at the 2008 Mobile World Congress. The X1 is an arc-slider phone with the Windows Mobile 6.1 operating system. It is Sony Ericsson's first product to run on Windows Mobile. The device also has a Java virtual machine (JBed) and supports Java Platform, Micro Edition that is claimed to have a richer set of features than typically available.

MWC Barcelona
MWC Barcelona, formerly known as the Mobile World Congress, is an annual trade show intended for the mobile communications industry. It is held every February or early March at Fira de Barcelona in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.

The event is attended primarily by device manufacturers, network equipment providers, representatives of wireless carriers, and the press, among others. Its annual attendance is generally around 100,000 people, while mobile phone manufacturers often use the conference to unveil upcoming devices.

The event is organised by the GSM Association (GSMA). GSMA has extended the MWC brand to four other trade shows in Shanghai, China (MWC Shanghai), Kigali, Rwanda (MWC Kigali, formerly MWC Africa)  Las Vegas, United States (MWC Las Vegas, formerly MWC Los Angeles), and Doha, Qatar (MWC Doha) but the brand remains most synonymous with the Barcelona event.
Open Source Shakespeare
Open Source Shakespeare is a non-commercial web site allowing free access to searchable digital versions of the complete works of William Shakespeare. The site was created using Moby Shakespeare, which is based on the 1864 Globe edition of the complete works.

Moby Project
The Moby Project is a collection of public-domain lexical resources created by Grady Ward. The resources were dedicated to the public domain, and are now mirrored at Project Gutenberg. As of 2007, it contains the largest free phonetic database, with 177,267 words and corresponding pronunciations.
Siloam Springs, Howell County, Missouri
Siloam Springs is an unincorporated community in western Howell County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately two miles south of Route 14 on Missouri Route T, just east of the southeastern corner of Douglas County and fifteen miles northwest of West Plains. Waters from the associated spring flow west and enter Tabor Creek, which then flows into Spring Creek, a tributary to the Norfork River in the southeast corner of Douglas County. The site is at an elevation of 1,060 ft (320 m).

A post office called Siloam Springs was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1969. The community was named after a nearby mineral spring of the same name, which was named after the Pool of Siloam.

Spring Creek (North Fork River tributary)
Spring Creek is a stream in Douglas and Howell counties in the Ozarks of southern Missouri.

The stream source is the confluence of the North Fork Spring Creek and South Fork Spring Creek in Howell County about 2.5 miles west of the community of Burnham and five miles southwest of Willow Springs. The stream is entirely within the Mark Twain National Forest.
The stream flows west-southwest passing under Missouri Route AP and enters Douglas County just southeast of the Noblett Lake Recreation Area and receives the flow of Noblett Creek as it turns to the south-southwest. The stream is fed by numerous springs as it flows past the community of Roosevelt. The stream passes under Missouri Route 14 just east the route 14 - route 181 junction at Twin Bridges and reaches its confluence with the North Fork River just north of the Douglas - Ozark county line.
Georgia's 5th Senate district
District 5 of the Georgia Senate is a senatorial district in northeastern Metro Atlanta.

The district includes parts of Norcross, Lawrenceville, and Lilburn in Gwinnett County.

The current senator is Sheikh Rahman, a Democrat from Lawrenceville first elected in 2018.

Georgia State Senate
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The Georgia State Senate and the lower house of the General Assembly, the Georgia House of Representatives, comprise the bicameral legislature of the state. Combined, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article III. of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia to enact laws "necessary and proper for the welfare of the state", although state law is subordinate to the state constitution, the United States Constitution, and federal law.

Like most upper houses in the United States, the Senate has the exclusive power to confirm various appointments made by the governor of Georgia, and to try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate is often considered a springboard for those ultimately seeking higher office; all of the state's most recent governors have served in the State Senate.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma refers to a group of T-cell lymphomas that develop away from the thymus or bone marrow.

Examples include:

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type

Enteropathy type T-cell lymphoma

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified

In ICD-10, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are classified separately.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a class of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system.  Unlike most non-Hodgkin lymphomas (which are generally B-cell-related), CTCL is caused by a mutation of T cells.  The cancerous T cells in the body initially migrate to the skin, causing various lesions to appear.  These lesions change shape as the disease progresses, typically beginning as what appears to be a rash which can be very itchy and eventually forming plaques and tumors before spreading to other parts of the body.
1954 Edmonton municipal election
The 1954 municipal election was held October 13, 1954 to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees each to sit on the public and separate school boards.  The electorate also decided seven plebiscite questions.  No election was held for mayor, as William Hawrelak was one year into a two-year term.

There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled:
Harold Tanner (SS), Rupert Clare, Abe Miller, Charles Simmonds, and Cliffard Roy (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1953 and were still in office.

There were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Mary Butterworth (ss), William Cowley, James Falconer, and John Thorogood (SS) had been acclaimed to two-year terms in 1953 and were still in office.  The same was true on the separate board, where Andre Dechene, Amby Lenon (SS), Catherine McGrath, and William Sereda were continuing.

William Hawrelak
William Hawrelak (October 4, 1915 – November 7, 1975) was a politician in Alberta, Canada, the longest-serving mayor in Edmonton's history, and a candidate for election to the House of Commons of Canada.
Brédice
Brédice or Bredice is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Bredice (1934–1997), American football player

Leticia Brédice (born 1975), Argentine actress and singer

Rinaldo Fidel Brédice (1932–2018), Argentine Catholic bishop

John Bredice
John Bredice (June 23, 1934 – October 1, 1997) was an American professional football end. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 9th round (102nd overall) of the 1956 NFL Draft. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles in 1956.
Security in the Persian Gulf Region
Security in the Persian Gulf Region is a 2016 book by Fatemeh Shayan in which the author examines developments in the Persian Gulf security complex after the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, emphasizing threats to the collective identities of two religious sects — Shia and Sunni. The book won the Farabi International Award in 2019.

Collective identity
Collective identity or group identity is a shared sense of belonging to a group. This concept appears within a few social science fields. National identity is a simple example,  though myriad groups exist which share a sense of identity. Like many social concepts or phenomena, it is constructed, not empirically defined. Its discussion within these fields is often highly academic and relates to academia itself, its history beginning in the 19th century.
Wild League (film)
Wild League (Russian: Дикая лига, romanized: Dikaya liga) is a 2019 Russian historical sports drama film directed by Andrey Bogatyrev and Art Camacho. It is based on real events of the beginning of 20th century and the appearance of football in the Russian Empire. The brave barge hauler Varlam is being trained at an English football club and, together with the merchant-patriot Balashov, is creating the first national team in Russia, co-directed by Andrey Bogatyrev and Art Camacho.

Unusual sports on the basis of real events of the early twentieth century, Wild League has assembled an international acting team, which included Vladimir Yaglych, Adelina Gizatullina, Ivan Okhlobystin, Dmitry Nazarov, Evgeniy Koryakovskiy, Olesya Sudzilovskaya and Adrian Paul. It was released in the Russian Federation by Kinoland on October 24, 2019.

Dmitry Nazarov
Dmitry Yurievich Nazarov (Russian: Дми́трий Ю́рьевич Наза́ров; born 4 July 1957) is а Soviet and Russian actor, television presenter and poet. He was named People's Artist of Russia in 2000.

He is known for Le Concert (2009), Largo Winch II (2011), Yeltsin: Three Days in August (2011) and Kitchen (2012–2016).
Valprato Soana
Valprato Soana (Piedmontese and Arpitan: Vâlprà) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Turin, in Val Soana, included in the Gran Paradiso National Park. It borders the municipalities of Cogne, Champorcher, Ronco Canavese, Traversella and Valchiusa.

Valchiusa
Valchiusa is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 68.1 kilometres (42.3 mi) north of Turin. It was formed on 1 January 2019 with the merger of the comunes of Meugliano, Trausella and Vico Canavese.