hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johannes Võmma
Johannes Võmma (19 August 1900 Kuivajõe Parish (now Kose Parish), Harrien County – 7 March 1945) was an Estonian politician and soldier in the Estonian Defence Forces. He was a member of IV Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 14 March 1932. He replaced Paul Männik. He also served as the mayor of Raikküla.

Following the Soviet occupation of Estonia, Võmma was arrested by SMERSH counter-intelligence authorities on 13 October 1944. Võmma was accused of being hostile towards the Soviet Union and having organized the Omakaitse at the Germans' orders in Raikküla rural municipality and acted as its chief. On 3 January 1945, the Military Tribunal of the Leningrad Front sentenced Võmma to death and the execution was carried out by gunshot on 7 March 1945. Võmma was aged 44.

Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
The Soviet Union (USSR) occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944 Baltic Offensive during World War II. The Red Army regained control over the three Baltic capitals and encircled retreating Wehrmacht and Latvian forces in the Courland Pocket, where they held out until the final German surrender at the end of the war.
Tiemannite
Tiemannite is a mineral, mercury selenide, formula HgSe. It occurs in hydrothermal veins associated with other selenides, or other mercury minerals such as cinnabar, and often with calcite. Discovered in 1855 in Germany, it is named after Johann Carl Wilhelm Tiemann (1848–1899).

Hydrothermal circulation
Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water (Ancient Greek ὕδωρ, water, and θέρμη, heat ). Hydrothermal circulation occurs most often in the vicinity of sources of heat within the Earth's crust. In general, this occurs near volcanic activity, but can occur in the shallow to mid crust along deeply penetrating fault irregularities or in the deep crust related to the intrusion of granite, or as the result of orogeny or metamorphism. Hydrothermal circulation often results in hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Institute of technology (United States)
Institutes of technology or polytechnic institutes are technologically focused universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of American universities include the phrases Institute of Technology, Polytechnic Institute, Polytechnic University, University of Technology or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

In the lists below, an asterisk (*) denotes research-intensive universities that offer up to PhD or DSc degrees.

Arkansas Tech University
Arkansas Tech University (ATU) is a public university in Russellville, Arkansas, United States. The university offers programs at both baccalaureate and graduate levels in a range of fields. The Arkansas Tech University–Ozark Campus, a two-year satellite campus in the town of Ozark, primarily focuses on associate and certificate education.
Platanos railway station
Platanos railway station or Platanos Beach (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Πλάτανος, romanized: Sidirodromikós Stathmós Platanos) is a Station in Paralia Platanou, a small village in Achaea, Greece. It is located just North of the village, close to the Olympia Odos motorway. It was opened on 22 June 2020 as part of the €848-million ErgOSE project extension of the Athens Airport–Patras railway to Aigio rail line, co-financed by the European Union's Cohesion Fund 2000–2006. The station is served by Hellenic Train local services between Kiato and Aigio. It should not be confused with the now-closed station on the old Piraeus–Patras railway, which is located northeast of the current station, closer to the coast of the Corinthian Gulf

Olympia Odos
Olympia Odos is a toll motorway system on the Peloponnese in Greece. Starting from Eleusis in the Athens metropolitan area, the Olympia Odos motorways follow the Gulf of Corinth to the Rio–Antirrio bridge and the city of Patras, and along the Ionian Sea coastline, in future down to Tsakona (near Meligalas) in the southwestern Peloponnese where it will intersect with the A7 motorway.

Olympia Odos consists of two motorways:

The A8 (Athens – Patras), constructed in 1962–1973 as National Road 8α. During the 1990s the Elefsina – Corinth section was upgraded to motorway standards. The Corinth – Patras upgrade to motorway standards was completed in April 2017.

The southern part of the A5 (Patras – Pyrgos), which passes by the namesake ancient city of Olympia. This motorway is currently under construction.

The 210 km (130 mi) motorway is a toll-road linking Athens to Patras and, in the future, will extend a further 163 km to Tsakona in the south-west of the Peloponnese.
Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis
The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an N-acyl glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone (also known as an azlactone).

Hippuric acid, the benzamide derivative of glycine, cyclizes in the presence of acetic anhydride, condensing to give 2-phenyl-oxazolone. This intermediate also has two acidic protons and reacts with benzaldehyde, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate to a so-called azlactone. This compound on reduction gives access to phenylalanine.

Acetic anhydride
Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO)2O. Commonly abbreviated Ac2O, it is one the simplest anhydrides of a carboxylic acid and is widely used in the production of cellulose acetate and heroin, as well as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with moisture in the air.
EServer.org
The EServer was an open access electronic publishing cooperative, founded in 1990, which published writings in the arts and humanities free of charge to Internet readers. In 2006, it was rated by Alexa as the most popular arts and humanities website in the world.

Martha L. Brogan and Daphnée Rentfrow wrote in 2005 that it had "more than 200 active members, including editors of an eclectic mix of 45 discrete 'collections' (Web sites), which 'publish' more than 32,000 works." Duke University Library rated the EServer among the "best overall directories for literary information on the Web."

Gopher (protocol)
Gopher (/ˈɡoʊfər/ ⓘ) is a communication protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents in Internet Protocol networks. The design of the Gopher protocol and user interface is menu-driven, and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately fell into disfavor, yielding to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web.
2020–21 USC Trojans men's basketball team
The 2020–21 USC Trojans men's basketball team represented the University of Southern California during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by eighth-year head coach Andy Enfield, they played their home games at the Galen Center in Los Angeles, California as members of the Pac-12 Conference.  They finished the season 25–8, 15–5 in Pac-12 Play to finish in 2nd place. They defeated Utah in the quarterfinals of the Pac-12 tournament before losing in the semifinals to Colorado. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they defeated Drake, Kansas, and Oregon to advance to the Elite Eight where they lost to Gonzaga.

2021 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2021 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the Pac-12 Conference, which was played March 10–13, 2021, at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The winner was Oregon State, which was the first for the Beavers in the history of the tournament. They received the conference's automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The 2020 Tournament had been cancelled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 tournament was played, but with only family of student-athletes as spectators in attendance.
Peter Brathwaite
Peter Brathwaite FRSA CF Hon DMus is a British baritone opera singer, broadcaster, music columnist for a selection of United Kingdom newspapers, and a developer of music programming. He is also known for his recreations of Black portraits in art as part of the Getty Museum online "challenge" for re-creation of art works, begun in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Royal Philharmonic Society
The Royal Philharmonic Society (RPS) is a British music society, formed in 1813.  Its original purpose was to promote performances of instrumental music in London.  Many composers and performers have taken part in its concerts.  It is now a membership society, and while it no longer has its own orchestra, it continues a wide-ranging programme of activities which focus on composers and young musicians. Since 1989, the RPS has promoted the annual Royal Philharmonic Society Music Awards for live music-making in the United Kingdom.

The RPS is a registered UK charity No. 213693, located at 48 Great Marlborough Street in London. The current chief executive of the RPS is James Murphy, and its current chairman is John Gilhooly.
1954 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 1954 Cyclo-cross World Championship was the fitfh edition of the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships.

It was held on February 28th at the Moraine hill in Gallarate, Italy. A course of just over three kilometers had to be lapped eight times, bringing the total distance of this edition to 24,370 kilometers. Thirty-eight riders from eight countries started, 31 of whom finished. Defending champion Roger Rondeaux broke his frame on the seventh lap while leading the race and was forced to abandon. Belgian Firmin Van Kerrebroeck, who was participating for the fifth time this year, also had to leave the field after a crash.

Just as in 1952, two Frenchmen and a Swiss took the podium. After finishing second, second, and third in 1951, 1952, and 1953, André Dufraisse became the third Frenchman to win the cyclocross world title.

Roger Rondeaux
Roger Rondeaux (15 April 1920 – 24 January 1999) was a French cyclo-cross cyclist, who was a professional from 1947 to 1958. Rondeaux won the World Cyclo-cross Championships three times in 1951, 1952, and 1953, and was the French national champion seven times between 1947 and 1954. Rondeaux had been beaten in the first edition of the Cyclo-cross world championships by Jean Robic in a sprint.
ASPIRE PAC
The ASPIRE PAC (short for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Rising and Empowering Political Action Committee), formerly known as the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus Leadership PAC (CAPAC Leadership PAC), is an American political action committee focused on supporting Democratic-affiliated candidates of Asian American and Pacific Islander descent and those that support and promote the issues of the AAPI community. Founded in 2011, it is the political arm of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus.

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is represented by Jill Tokuda, who succeeded Kai Kahele after the 2022 election. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, as well as the entire state outside of Oahu. It includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao, and Hawaii ("the Big Island"). The district spans 331 miles. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching, and agriculture.

Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the district itself. The first non-resident elected to this seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though he was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the second congressional district is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.
Kenneth I. Starr
Kenneth Ira Starr (born 1943/1944) is an American accountant and former money manager convicted of running a $35 million Ponzi scheme with the money of numerous wealthy and celebrity clients. Starr was given a seven and a half year sentence in 2011.

Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors. Named after Italian con artist Charles Ponzi, this type of scheme misleads investors by either falsely suggesting that profits are derived from legitimate business activities (whereas the business activities are non-existent), or by exaggerating the extent and profitability of the legitimate business activities, using new investments to fabricate or supplement these profits. A Ponzi scheme can maintain the illusion of a sustainable business as long as investors continue to contribute new funds, and as long as most of the investors do not demand full repayment or lose faith in the non-existent assets they are purported to own.
Francis Jettner
Francis Theodore Jettner (c. 1869 – 29 May 1936) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Burra Burra from 1927 to 1930 for the Liberal Federation.

Liberal Federation
The Liberal Federation was a South Australian political party from 16 October 1923 to 1932. It came into existence as a merger between the rival Liberal Union and National Party, to oppose Labor.

Encouraged by the overwhelming success of the Emergency Committee of South Australia at the 1931 federal election, the Liberal Federation merged with the Country Party to form the South Australian Liberal and Country League in 1932, again with overwhelming success at the 1933 state election.
Blood, Sweat & Tears (Blood, Sweat & Tears album)
Blood, Sweat & Tears is the second album by the American band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released on December 11, 1968. It was the most commercially successful album for the group, rising to the top of the U.S. charts for a collective seven weeks and yielding three successive Top 5 singles. It received a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1970. The album has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA, with sales of more than four million units in the U.S. In Canada, the album enjoyed a total of eight weeks at number 1 on the RPM national album chart.

Steve Katz (musician)
Steven Katz (born May 9, 1945) is an American guitarist, singer, and record producer who is best known as a member of the rock-pop-jazz group Blood, Sweat & Tears. Katz was an original member of the rock bands the Blues Project and American Flyer. As a producer, his credits include the 1979 album Short Stories Tall Tales for the Irish band Horslips, and the Lou Reed albums Rock 'n' Roll Animal and Sally Can't Dance and the Elliott Murphy album Night Lights.
Chevrolet Inline-4 engine
The Chevrolet Inline-4 engine was one of Chevrolet's first automobile engines, designed by Arthur Mason and introduced in 1913. Chevrolet founder Billy Durant, who previously had owned Buick which had pioneered the overhead valve engine, used the same basic engine design for Chevrolet: exposed pushrods and rocker arms which actuated valves in the detachable crossflow cylinder head. This was referred to this as a "valve-in-head" design, and it drew considerable publicity in a time when most rivals were flatheads. It was produced through 1928 when it was replaced by the Chevrolet Stovebolt engine.

Chevrolet would not use another four cylinder engine until 1961 and the introduction of the straight-6-derived Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder engine that was installed in the Chevy II. For other, more modern Chevrolet four-cylinder engines see the list of GM engines.

Valvetrain
A valvetrain is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) into the combustion chamber, while the exhaust valves control the flow of spent exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber once combustion is completed.
Zephaniah Skinner
Zephaniah Skinner (born 27 June 1989) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League.

A Yungngora man, Skinner was born at Noonkanbah Station, several hundred kilometres east of Broome, Western Australia. Skinner was taken at number 88 in the 2010 AFL draft.

Making his debut during the 2011 AFL season, Skinner retired from AFL football at the end of the 2012 season.

Noonkanbah Station
Noonkanbah Station (or just Noonkanbah) is a pastoral lease, both a cattle and sheep station, on the Fitzroy River between Camballin and Fitzroy Crossing in the south central Kimberley region of Western Australia.

The station was pegged out in the 1880s and covered approximately 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi). It was the subject of an infamous land-rights dispute in August 1980 when state premier Sir Charles Court enforced an oil exploration project under police protection. The traditional owners now control around 1800 square kilometres of the land sacred to the Yungngora Community.
Placomaronea minima
Placomaronea minima is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in South America and Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Martin Westberg and Patrik Frödén. The type specimen was collected by the second author from the Santiago Metropolitan Region (Chile) at an altitude of about 1,200 m (3,900 ft), where it was found growing on rocks on a hill outside of San José de Maipo. The species epithet minima refers to its small size.

San José de Maipo
San José de Maipo is the name of a commune in Chile and the city within it, located in Cordillera Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region, some 48 kilometers south-east of capital Santiago, bordered on the east by Argentina which lies across the Andes.
Johnston, Rhode Island
Johnston is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 29,568 at the 2020 census. Johnston is the site of the Clemence Irons House (1691), a stone-ender museum, and the only landfill in Rhode Island. Incorporated on March 6, 1759, Johnston was named for the colonial attorney general, Augustus Johnston.

Rhode Island Senate
The Rhode Island Senate is the upper house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the lower house being the Rhode Island House of Representatives. It is composed of 38 Senators, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Rhode Island is one of the 14 states where its upper house serves at a two-year cycle, rather than the normal four-year term as in most states. There is no limit to the number of terms that a Senator may serve. The Rhode Island Senate meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, commissions and boards and Justices to the Rhode Island Judiciary.
Osiris Temple
Osiris Temple is a 6,613 ft elevation summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of Arizona, US. This butte is situated approximately (2.27 mi) southwest of Shiva Temple, in the Upper Trinity Creek watershed, a north watershed into the Colorado River at Granite Gorge.Osiris Temple is the highest prominence in a series of three connected landforms extending south to Granite Gorge, namely Osiris Temple, Horus Temple, and Tower of Set. The western flanks of the landforms drain into regions of Lower Ninetyfour Mile Creek & Canyon; the eastern flanks drainage is into Trinity Canyon. The headwaters of Trinity Canyon is the southern flank of Shiva Temple, the parent landform of Osiris Temple. The Shiva Temple is a heavily forested tableland-butte, one of two such remnants of the North Rim (Kaibab Plateau). The other tableland is Wotans Throne, adjacent Cape Royal viewpoint.

Coconino County, Arizona
Coconino County is a county in the  North-Central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. Its population was 145,101 at the 2020 census. The county seat is Flagstaff. The county takes its name from Cohonino, a name applied to the Havasupai people. It is the second-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, behind San Bernardino County, California. It has 18,661 sq mi (48,332 km2), or 16.4% of Arizona's total area, and is larger than the nine smallest states in the U.S.

Coconino County comprises the Flagstaff metropolitan statistical area, Grand Canyon National Park, the federally recognized Havasupai Nation, and parts of the federally recognized Navajo, Hualapai, and Hopi nations. As a result, its relatively large Native American population makes up nearly 30% of the county's total population; it is mostly Navajo, with smaller numbers of other tribes.

The county was the setting for George Herriman's early 20th-century Krazy Kat comic strip.
Attributive expression
In grammar, an attributive expression is a word or phrase within a noun phrase that modifies the head noun. It may be an:

attributive adjective

attributive noun

attributive verb

or other part of speech, such as an attributive numeral.

Grammatical modifier
In linguistics, a modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure which modifies the meaning of another element in the structure. For instance, the adjective "red" acts as a modifier in the noun phrase "red ball", providing extra details about which particular ball is being referred to. Similarly, the adverb "quickly" acts as a modifier in the verb phrase "run quickly". Modification can be considered a high-level domain of the functions of language, on par with predication and reference.
Burden of My Heart
Burden of My Heart (Finnish: Sydämeni taakka) is a 2011 Finnish documentary film about the surviving victims of the genocide in Rwanda. It was directed by Yves Montand Niyongabo. The documentary was chosen for premiere at the 2011 DOK Leipzig film festival. The documentary also received the Jury Youth Prize and Best Domestic Documentary Award at the Tempo film festival in Finland.

Dok Leipzig
DOK Leipzig is a documentary film festival that takes place every October in Leipzig, Germany. It is an international film festival for documentary and animated film founded in 1955 under the name "1st All-German Leipzig Festival of Cultural and Documentary Films" and was the first independent film festival in East Germany. In 1995 a separate competition for animated films was added and in 2004 a film industry program, DOK Industry, was initiated to allow a networking and contact platform for industry professionals. Shortly after German reunification attendance figures dropped, with just 5,500 people coming in 1993; however, they quickly picked up and in 2008 the festival had more than 27,000 attendees. DOK Leipzig is part of the Doc Alliance – a creative partnership between 7 key European documentary film festivals.