hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matrix equivalence
In linear algebra, two rectangular m-by-n matrices A and B are called equivalent if

for some invertible n-by-n matrix P and some invertible m-by-m matrix Q. Equivalent matrices represent the same linear transformation V → W under two different choices of a pair of bases of V and W, with P and Q being the change of basis matrices in V and W respectively.

The notion of equivalence should not be confused with that of similarity, which is only defined for square matrices, and is much more restrictive (similar matrices are certainly equivalent, but equivalent square matrices need not be similar). That notion corresponds to matrices representing the same endomorphism V → V under two different choices of a single basis of V, used both for initial vectors and their images.

Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set B of elements of  a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V can be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B. The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors.

Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B. In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set.

A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space.

This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector spaces.

Basis vectors find applications in the study of crystal structures and frames of reference.
Ulungur River
The Ulungur River / Urungu River or Urungu (Mongolian: Өрөнгө гол, romanized: Öröngö Gol, Chinese: 乌伦古河; pinyin: Wūlúngǔ hé), in its upper reaches in Mongolia known as the Bulgan River (Mongolian: Булган гол), is a river of China and Mongolia.  It rises in the Altai Mountains in western Mongolia, flows south into China's Xinjiang (Altay Prefecture), where it turns north-west to empty into the Ulungur Lake.  It is about 700 km long.

The Irtysh–Karamay Canal crosses the Ulungur River at 46°36′15″N 87°56′52″E﻿ / ﻿46.60417°N 87.94778°E﻿ / 46.60417; 87.94778, on an aqueduct.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Made for Lovin' You (Dan Seals song)
"Made for Lovin' You" is a song written by Sonny Throckmorton and Curly Putman. First appearing on Dan Seals' 1990 album On Arrival, it was also recorded by Clinton Gregory on his album Music 'n Me. Gregory's version of the song was released as a single, but did not chart.

In 1993, Doug Stone included the song on his album From the Heart for Epic Records. Stone's version was a Top Ten country music hit in 1993, peaking at number 6 on Hot Country Singles & Tracks.

Clinton Gregory
Clinton Gregory (born March 1, 1964) is an American country and bluegrass singer, songwriter, and fiddler. He has recorded primarily on independent labels, and has charted eleven singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now known as Hot Country Songs) charts. His highest charting single is "Play, Ruby, Play", which reached No. 25.
TIFF
Tag Image File Format or Tagged Image File Format, commonly known by the abbreviations TIFF or TIF, is an image file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.
TIFF is widely supported by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition, image manipulation, desktop publishing, and page-layout applications.

The format was created by Stephen Carlsen, an engineer at Aldus Corporation, for use in desktop publishing. It published the latest version 6.0 in 1992, subsequently updated with an Adobe Systems copyright after the latter acquired Aldus in 1994. Several Aldus or Adobe technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format, and several specifications have been based on TIFF 6.0, including TIFF/EP (ISO 12234-2), TIFF/IT (ISO 12639), TIFF-F (RFC 2306) and TIFF-FX (RFC 3949).

CMYK color model
The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model used in color printing as well as describing the printing process. The abbreviation CMYK refers to the four color components used in printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (the key plate).

In subtractive models, inks reduce the amount of light reflected from a white or light background. White is the color of the substrate, and black results from the combination of inks. This contrasts with additive color models (e.g., RGB color model), where colors are produced by emitting light, white results from combining all primary colors, and black represents the absence of light. The addition of black ink reduces ink consumption and produces more consistent dark tones compared to using cyan, magenta, and yellow alone.

The CMYK printing process was first implemented in the 1890s for color newspaper illustrations and comic strips.
Kairua
Kairua is a rural area of Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand's North Island. State Highway 2 runs along its northern side, and crosses it at the northeast. Baypark Stadium is in the northwest of the area. The East Coast Main Trunk railway runs along the south side of SH 2.

Kairua railway station opened on 2 September 1928, and closed 28 September 1957. The road between the railway station and Mount Maunganui was sealed in 1948.

East Coast Main Trunk
The East Coast Main Trunk (ECMT) is a railway line in the North Island of New Zealand, originally running between Hamilton and Taneatua via Tauranga, connecting the Waikato with the Bay of Plenty. The ECMT now runs between Hamilton and Kawerau, with a branch line to Taneatua from the junction at Hawkens. The line is built to narrow gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), the uniform gauge in New Zealand. It was known as the East Coast Main Trunk Railway until 2011, when the word "Railway" was dropped.
Explorer 32
Explorer 32, also known as Atmosphere Explorer-B (AE-B), was a NASA satellite launched by the United States to study the Earth's upper atmosphere. It was launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta C1 launch vehicle, on 25 May 1966. It was the second of five "Atmosphere Explorer", the first being Explorer 17. Though it was placed in a higher-than-expected orbit by a malfunctioning second stage on its launch vehicle, Explorer 32 returned data for ten months before failing due to a sudden depressurization. The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 22 February 1985.

Uncontrolled decompression
An uncontrolled decompression is an undesired drop in the pressure of a sealed system, such as a pressurised aircraft cabin or hyperbaric chamber, that typically results from human error, structural failure, or impact, causing the pressurised vessel to vent into its surroundings or fail to pressurize at all.

Such decompression may be classed as explosive, rapid, or slow:

Explosive decompression (ED) is violent and too fast for air to escape safely from the lungs and other air-filled cavities in the body such as the sinuses and eustachian tubes, typically resulting in severe to fatal barotrauma.

Rapid decompression may be slow enough to allow cavities to vent but may still cause serious barotrauma or discomfort.

Slow or gradual decompression occurs so slowly that it may not be sensed before hypoxia sets in.
Molade Okoya-Thomas
Chief Molade Alexander Okoya-Thomas ListenⓘFCNA, MFR, OFR, KSS (8 June 1935 – 2 February 2015) was a Nigerian businessman and philanthropist.

Chief Okoya-Thomas was born in Lagos. He obtained his formal education at Princess School Lagos, Baptist Academy, Lagos, Balham & Tooting College of Commerce London and Columbia University in New York City. He was given the chieftaincy titles of the Asoju Oba of Lagos, Babasuwa of Ijebu-Remo and Odofin of Ife. He was also the Chancellor of Lagos State University and chairman of CFAO Nigeria Limited.

Association of National Accountants of Nigeria
The Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN) is one of the two professional accountancy associations with regulatory authority in Nigeria, the other being the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN).
A consultant offering financial services in Nigeria must be a member of either ANAN or ICAN.
Angie Bland
Angie Bland (born 26 April 1984) is a Belgian female volleyball player. She is a member of the Belgium women's national volleyball team and played for Volley-Ball Nantes in 2014.

She was part of the Belgian national team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.

2014 FIVB Women's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Women's World Championship was the seventeenth edition of the competition, contested by the 24 senior women's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The final tournament was held from 23 September to 12 October 2014 in Italy.

The United States won their first world title, defeating China in four sets at the final. Reigning Olympic champions Brazil won the 3rd place match, defeating Italy in five sets. Kimberly Hill was selected Most Valuable Player.
Robert Simmons House
Robert Simmons House, also known as the Willie Simmons House, is a historic home located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The original section was built about 1910 by farmer Robert Simmons, and subsequently expanded.  It is a double pen house type on metal piers, with a full-width shed roof porch supported by wood posts. It is a rare example of a vernacular architectural form once common to St. Helena Island.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Beaufort County, South Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 187,117. Its county seat is Beaufort and its largest community is Hilton Head Island.

Beaufort County is part of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal metropolitan statistical area. It is one of the South's fastest-growing counties, primarily because of development south of the Broad River clustered along the U.S. Highway 278 corridor. The county's northern portions also have grown steadily, due in part to the strong federal military presence around the city of Beaufort. The county's two portions are connected by the Broad River Bridge, which carries South Carolina Highway 170. Beaufort County has been identified as the most at-risk county in the contiguous United States for combined damage from climate change in the medium term, largely due to high wet-bulb temperatures, economic and farm crop damages, and sea-level rise.
USS Wenonah
USS Wenonah is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS Wenonah (SP-165), a 290 GRT patrol vessel, was built in 1915 at Neponset, Massachusetts.

USS Wenonah (YT-148), a harbor tugboat constructed during the winter of 1940 and 1941 at Morris Heights, New York.

USS Wenonah (YT-148)
USS Wenonah (YT-148/YTB-148/YTM-148) was a Woban-class district harbor tug which served during World War II in California ports, and continued her service until she was struck by the Navy in 1974.  On 17 August 2009, the Wenonah sank while berthed at Treasure Island, CA, and was raised by the floating crane Left Coast Lifter on 28 August 2009.
Niedermann
Niederman or Niedermann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Derrick Niederman, American author, mathematician, and game designer

James Corson Niederman (1924–2024), American epidemiologist

J. C. U. Niedermann (1810–?), American politician

Marie Niedermann (1880–1967), Danish film actress

Paul Niedermann (1927–2018), German-Jewish journalist

Derrick Niederman
Derrick Corson Niederman is an author, mathematician, game designer, and national squash champion.  His most recent game, 36 Cube, has been described by Reuters as "a wolf in sheep's clothing" because its simple design belies the sophisticated mathematical intuition required for the solution. He received a B.A. in mathematics from Yale and a Ph.D. in mathematics from MIT. Dr. Niederman is a math professor at the College of Charleston. In 2025, Niederman founded Wordsmith Games. The flagship game is called Tosswords.
San Ardo Oil Field
The San Ardo Oil Field is a large oil field in Monterey County, California, in the United States. It is in the Salinas Valley, about five miles (8 km) south of the small town of San Ardo, and about 20 miles (32 km) north of Paso Robles. With an estimated ultimate recovery of 532,496,000 barrels (84,660,100 m3) of oil, it is the eighth-largest producing oil field in California, and of the top 20 California oil fields in size, it is the most recent to be discovered (1947). As of the end of 2006, the principal operators of the field were Chevron Corp. and Aera Energy LLC.

Paso Robles, California
Paso Robles (/ˌpæsə ˈroʊbəlz/ PASS-ə ROH-bəlz), officially El Paso de Robles (Spanish for The Pass of Oaks), is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Located on the Salinas River about 30 mi (48 km) north of San Luis Obispo, the city is known for its hot springs, abundance of wineries, production of olive oil, almond orchards, and playing host to the California Mid-State Fair. At the 2020 census, the population was 31,490.
Maggie Lau
Maggie Lau (Chinese: 劉思惠) is a Hong Kong actress and singer. She starred in New Police Story, The Twins Effect and also had a small acting part in The Myth alongside Jackie Chan and Korean actress, Kim Hee-sun.

She has had a minor musical career as a member of the now dissolved girl group 3T. In 2004, she sang in the song "Girls" together with Boy'Z and also appeared in the music video.

The Twins Effect
The Twins Effect, also known as Vampire Effect in the United States, is a 2003 Hong Kong martial arts comedy-horror film directed by Dante Lam and Donnie Yen. The film was derived from the Cantopop group Twins, starring both members Charlene Choi and Gillian Chung in the leading roles. Co-stars include Edison Chen and Ekin Cheng. Jackie Chan makes a cameo appearance as an ambulance driver.

Released on 8 March 2003, The Twins Effect was a box-office success in Hong Kong, becoming the highest-grossing domestic film of the year. The film gained huge popularity, mainly from fans of the Cantopop group Twins.
Jupiter Apple
Flávio Basso (26 January 1968 – 21 December 2015), better known by his stage name Júpiter Maçã and by its English-language variation Jupiter Apple, was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and filmmaker. Before beginning a solo career in 1994, he was already known for being a founding member of bands TNT and Os Cascavelletes, both pioneers of the Rio Grande do Sul rock scene in the mid-to-late 1980s/early 1990s.

Lost in Space
Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series created and produced by Irwin Allen, which originally aired between September 15, 1965, and March 6, 1968, on CBS. Lightly dramatic, sometimes comedic in tone, the series was inspired by the 1812 Johann David Wyss novel The Swiss Family Robinson. The series follows the adventures of the Robinsons, a pioneering family of space colonists who struggle to survive in the depths of space. The show ran for 84 episodes over three seasons. The first season comprised 29 one-hour episodes, filmed in black and white. The 29th episode, however, had a few minutes of color at the end. Seasons 2 and 3 were shot entirely in color.
Whitelaw, Alberta
Whitelaw is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Fairview No. 136. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Highway 2, approximately 114 kilometres (71 mi) northeast of Grande Prairie.

Northern Alberta
Northern Alberta is a geographic region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

An informally defined cultural region, the boundaries of Northern Alberta are not fixed. Under some schemes, the region encompasses everything north of the centre of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor, including most of the province's landmass as well as its capital, Edmonton. Other schemes place Edmonton and its surrounding farmland in Central Alberta, limiting Northern Alberta to the northern half of the province, where forestry, oil, and gas are the dominant industries.

Its primary industry is oil and gas, with large heavy oil reserves being exploited at the Athabasca oil sands and Wabasca area in the east of the region. Natural gas is extracted in Peace region and Chinchaga-Rainbow areas in the west, and forestry and logging are also developed in the boreal forests of this region. As of 2023, the region had a population of approximately 374,572.
Tempo (character)
Tempo (Heather Tucker) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She was introduced as a member of the Mutant Liberation Front in New Mutants #86 (February 1990), by Louise Simonson and Rob Liefeld.

Tempo is an African-American mutant with the ability to manipulate time and fly. She is briefly a member of the Acolytes and later joins the Marauders during the Krakoan Age.

Rob Liefeld
Robert Liefeld (/ˈlaɪfɛld/; born October 3, 1967) is an American comic book creator. A prominent writer and artist in the 1990s, he is known for co-creating the character Cable with writer Louise Simonson and the character Deadpool with writer Fabian Nicieza. In the early 1990s, Liefeld gained popularity due to his work on Marvel Comics' The New Mutants and later X-Force. In 1992, he and several other popular Marvel illustrators left the company to found Image Comics, which started a wave of comic books owned by their creators rather than by publishers. The first book published by Image Comics was Liefeld's Youngblood #1.

Liefeld has been called one of the most controversial figures in the comic industry for his drawing skills, business practices, and controversial comments.
Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)
Cities of London and Westminster (known as City of London and Westminster South from 1974 to 1997) is a constituency returning a single Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons in the United Kingdom Parliament. As with all constituencies, the election is decided using the first-past-the-post system of election. Until the 2024 general election, when the constituency elected Rachel Blake, a Labour Co-op MP, the constituency had always elected the candidate nominated by the Conservative Party.

Paddington
Paddington is an area in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. A medieval parish then a metropolitan borough of the County of London, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Paddington station, designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel opened in 1847. It is also the site of St Mary's Hospital and the former Paddington Green Police Station.

Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land.  Districts within Paddington are Maida Vale, Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate.
Lucky Ali
Maqsood Mahmood Ali (born 19 September 1958), better known as Lucky Ali, is an Indian singer, songwriter, and actor. With several popular singles and albums, he emerged as a significant figure of Indipop during the 1990s.

Dushman Duniya Ka
Dushman Duniya Ka (transl. Enemy of the World)  is a 1996 Hindi-language drama film, directed by Mehmood and produced by Ashok Mishra, Babubhai, Masoom Ali under the Canmore Cinema banner. It stars Jeetendra, Sumalatha, Manzoor Ali, Laila  while Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan appeared in guest appearances. The music was composed by Anu Malik. It marks the debut of Laila and Manzoor Ali. The film was released on 20 September 1996 and emerged as a box-office disaster.
Gibraltar men's national basketball team
The Gibraltar men's national basketball team is the representative for the British overseas territory of Gibraltar in international basketball. The team is selected by the Gibraltar Amateur Basketball Association (GABBA) which is a member of FIBA Europe since 1985. The team competes at the European Championship for Small Countries, and in the Island Games.

Island Games
The Island Games are biennial international multi-sports events organised by the International Island Games Association (IIGA). Competitor teams each represent different island communities (with one team from the peninsula of Gibraltar) which are IIGA members. Currently, all competitor teams represent non-sovereign territories of European nations—some within European waters and some further overseas.

The games are being hosted by the Faroe Islands in 2027. The previous edition was the 2025, which took place in Orkney with around 2,200 competitors from 24 islands or island groups participating in 14 sports.
Paul Nutarariaq
Paul Ike Nutarariaq is a Canadian actor  most noted for his performance in the 2018 film The Grizzlies, for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actor at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.

He is originally from Igloolik, Nunavut but was primarily raised in Iqaluit.

He previously appeared in the films Throat Song and Iqaluit, and in the CBC comedy series Little Dog.

7th Canadian Screen Awards
The 7th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television on March 31, 2019, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2018.

Nominations were announced by the Academy on February 7, 2019. Early coverage of the nominations highlighted the fact that the Best Picture category consisted entirely of French-language films from Quebec, with not a single English-language film named in the category. This was also the first year that the ceremony did not have a host.
2025 European Athletics Team Championships
The 2025 European Athletics Team Championships (ETC) were held in Maribor, Slovenia through 24 June to 29 June and at the Estadio de Vallehermoso in Madrid, Spain, from 26 to 29 June 2025.

The 2023 edition was initially planned to be held in Madrid, but after European Athletics and the European Olympic Committee reached an agreement, the event was added to the 2023 European Games programme and moved to Poland. Madrid was subsequently awarded the 2025 edition.

As in 2023, Russia and Belarus will be banned from participating due to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Estadio de Vallehermoso
Estadio de Vallehermoso is a multi-use stadium in Madrid, Spain.  It is currently used mostly for athletics competitions, including the Meeting de Atletismo Madrid.  The stadium has a capacity of 9,000 spectators. The stadium also hosted international rugby union matches, such as the test match between Spain and  Argentina on 23 November 1982.