hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dougherty v. Stepp
Dougherty v. Stepp, 18 N.C. 371 (N.C. 1835) is a decision of the North Carolina Supreme Court authored by Chief Justice Thomas Ruffin.  For at least a century, this case has been used in first-year Torts classes in American law schools to teach students about the tort of trespass upon real property.

Law school in the United States
A law school in the United States is an educational institution where students obtain a professional education in law after first obtaining an undergraduate degree.

Law schools in the U.S. confer the degree of Juris Doctor (J.D.), which is a professional doctorate. It is the degree usually required to practice law in the United States, and the final degree obtained by most practitioners in the field. Juris Doctor programs at law schools are usually three-year programs if done full-time, or four-year programs if done via evening classes. Some U.S. law schools include an Accelerated JD program.

Other degrees that are awarded include the Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D.) degrees, which can be more international in scope. Most law schools are colleges, schools or other units within a larger post-secondary institution, such as a university. Legal education is very different in the United States than in many other parts of the world.
Vasco Calvo
Vasco Calvo is a character discovered by the narrator of Fernão Mendes Pinto's fantastical memoir Peregrinação ("Pilgrimage", written in the 1570s, published 1614). A former member of the ill-fated Portuguese embassy of 1517 to Beijing, capital of the Ming Empire, Calvo has since been living in internal exile in one of the capital's suburbs. The narrator meets him in 1544 while performing prison-labour on the nearby Great Wall.

Calvo has married a woman from a respectable local family; they have two sons and two daughters. The household features a chapel where the exotic Roman faith of the father is maintained and inculcated. The narrator is deeply moved by the chapel's beauty.

Fernão Mendes Pinto
Fernão Mendes Pinto (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w ˈmẽdɨʃ ˈpĩtu]; c. 1509 – 8 July 1583) was a Portuguese explorer and writer. His voyages are recorded in Pilgrimage (Portuguese: Peregrinação), his autobiographical memoir, which was published posthumously in 1614. The historical accuracy of the work is debatable due to the many events that seem far-fetched or at least exaggerated, earning him the nickname Fernão Mentes Minto (wordplay with the Portuguese verb mentir, 'to lie', meaning "Fernão, are you lying? I am lying."). Still, many aspects of the work can be verified, particularly through records of Pinto's service to the Portuguese crown and by his association with Jesuit missionaries.
Cesate
Cesate (Lombard: Scesaa [ʃeˈzaː], locally [ʃɪˈzɑː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of Milan.

Cesate borders the following municipalities: Limbiate, Solaro, Caronno Pertusella, Senago, Garbagnate Milanese.

The origin of the flag comes from the noble Cixate family.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
2013 Cavan Under-21 Football Championship
The Cavan Under-21 Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association club competition between Cavan Under-21 Gaelic football clubs. It was first competed for in 1975. Ramor United have won the most titles, having been victorious 5 times. 3 of these titles came when they amalgamated with Munterconnaught. The 2012 Under-21 football champions were Cavan Gaels.

Cavan Gaels GAA
Cavan Gaels is a Gaelic Athletic Association club from Cavan Town, County Cavan in Ireland. They are affiliated to Cavan GAA. The club was founded in 1957 following the merging of two clubs in Cavan Town, Cavan Harps and Cavan Slashers. They are the second most successful team in Cavan GAA history, with 14 Senior Championship titles, the most recent being in 2017. Cavan Gaels appeared in 16 of the 20 Cavan Senior Football Championship finals between 1998 and 2017 – winning 10.
Solnechnoye, Republic of Dagestan
Solnechnoye (Russian: Солнечное; Chechen: Баташ, Bataş) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khasavyurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 5,495 (2021 Census); 3,759 (2002 Census); 2,795 (1989 Soviet census). There are 42 streets.

Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.
Miftah Maulana Habiburrohman
Miftah Maulana Habiburrohman (born 5 August 1981), also known as Gus Miftah, is a preacher and the leader of the Ora Aji Islamic Boarding School in Sleman. He served as the Special Envoy to the President for Religious Harmony and the Development of Religious Facilities in 2024 before resigning.

Miftah studied at Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University but did not complete his studies. During his time in college, he was active in the Indonesian Islamic Student Movement (PMII), which is affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama. In 2023, he completed his bachelor's degree in Islamic Religious Education at the Faculty of Islamic Studies, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang.

As a preacher, Miftah preaches religious teachings to marginalized communities. He began to gain recognition when a video of him delivering a sermon at a nightclub in Bali went viral.

Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, abbreviated as UIN Sunan Kalijaga or simply UIN Suka) is an Indonesian state university in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta that offers study programs in the field of Islamic science. Currently the university offers programs in Adab, Da'wah, Sharia, Tarbiya, Ushuluddin, Science and technology, Social Science and Humanities, Islamic Business and Economy. The university is named after Sunan Kalijaga, a member of the Javanese group of wali called Wali Sanga.
1990 Western Isles Islands Council election
The fifth election to the Western Isles Islands Council was held on 3 May 1990 as part of the wider 1990 Scottish regional elections.

The Council's inaugural Convener, Donald Macaulay, was re-elected to the position after an eight-year absence.  He would only serve until 1991, resigning in response to the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International which led to the Council losing £24 million.

Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Scottish Gaelic for 'Council of the Western Isles'; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈɲelan ˈʃiəɾ]) is the local authority for Na h-Eileanan an Iar (the Western Isles, also known as the Outer Hebrides), one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is based in Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis.
Evan Mosey
Evan Mosey (born 17 March 1989) is an American-born British ice hockey player for UK Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) side Cardiff Devils and the British national team.

He represented Great Britain at the 2019 IIHF World Championship, 2022 IIHF World Championship, and the 2024 IIHF World Championship.

Mosey has previously played for HYC Herentals, Nottingham Panthers, Rockford IceHogs, Indy Fuel, Herning Blue Fox, Rapaces de Gap, EHC Freiburg and Sheffield Steelers.

2024 IIHF World Championship
The 2024 IIHF World Championship was hosted by Czechia from 10 to 26 May 2024. It was held in Prague and Ostrava, and organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. It was the most attended Hockey Championship in history with a total attendance of 797,727 spectators.

Hosts Czechia won the title for the seventh time, beating Switzerland 2–0 in the final. Czechia ended their 14-year gold drought after winning it for the first time since 2010. It was the third title won on homesoil in the 21st century, after Sweden in 2013 and Finland in 2022. Sweden won the bronze medal, defeating Canada 4–2 in the third place match. This tournament marked the first time since 2014 that all three medalists were European teams.
Atya Kapley
Atya Kapley is an Indian environmental geneticist  who is the Asia & Pacific coordinator and vice president for the Organisation for Women In Science for the Developing World. Kapley is senior principal scientist and head of the Director's Research cell of the CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute in Nagpur. In 2000 the Association of Microbiologists of India gave Kapley the Young Scientist Award for her work in the field of environmental microbiology. In 2008 Atya Kapley was presented with the Women Scientist Award by the Biotech Research Society of India. As part of her support for the Organisation for Women In Science for the Developing World Kapley has organised conferences and workshops.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
Washington Vigilants
The Washington Vigilants were an early professional football team based in Washington, DC. During the very early 1900s, they were considered a top team in professional football, dominating a mid-Atlantic region consisting mostly of military teams. The team was coached by Wayne Hart. Between 1907 and 1915, the Vigilants went 90-3-1. In their biggest game, they fell to the Youngstown Patricians by a score of 13-7, the only Ohio League team they would ever play. The Ohio League was the beginning of professional football at the turn of the century, the precursor to what became the NFL in the 1920s. The Vigilants would not survive to see the NFL's formation; in 1921, the league admitted another team from Washington, the Washington Senators, that had been created specifically for the new league.

Wayne Hart
Wayne Maris Hart (September 10, 1889 – April 1970) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator.  He served as the head football coach at Clemson University for one season in 1916, compiling a record of 3–6. Hart was also Clemson's athletic director in 1916.  Born in Washington, D.C., he was an alumnus of Georgetown University and George Washington University.  He played football as a tackle at Georgetown from 1908 to 1911.  Hart was an assistant coach at Georgetown in 1912.  He coached at the McKinley Manual Training School in Washington in 1914 and 1915.  In 1915 he was named the head football coach at Gallaudet College—now known as Gallaudet University.
Cirsium texanum
Cirsium texanum is a species of plant in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae found in North America. Common names include Texas thistle, Texas purple thistle or southern thistle. The species is native to northern Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas) and the southern Great Plains of the south-central United States (primarily Texas, Oklahoma, and eastern New Mexico with additional populations in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri). It grows in prairies and roadsides.

Cirsium texanum is a biennial or perennial herb up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall. Leaves have small, narrow spines along the edges. Flower heads are sometimes produced one at a time, sometimes in small groups, each head with light purple disc florets but no ray florets.

The flowers of Cirsium texanum provide nectar for butterflies and the foliage is used as a source of food for the larvae of the painted lady butterfly. Goldfinches also use the seeds as a food source.

Durango
Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the states which make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650, the 8th lowest of Mexico's states, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The capital city, Victoria de Durango, is named after the first President of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.
Gisèle Ory
Gisèle Ory (born 30 April 1956 in Biel/Bienne) is a politician from the Canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland.

Gisèle Ory graduated from the University of Lausanne (political sciences) in 1978. In 1996, she was elected to the municipal council of Chézard-Saint-Martin. In 2001 she was elected to the 
Grand Council of Neuchâtel. From 2001 to 2002 she was Chairwoman of the Neuchâtel section of the SP, but had to leave because of her nomination as spokeswoman of the Federal Department of the Interior.

Gisèle Ory was elected to the Council of States in 2003 along with Socialist Jean Studer. After Studer's resignation in 2006, she was joined by Pierre Bonhôte (also of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland), who won a by-election against Philippe Bauer (Liberal Party of Switzerland).

University of Lausanne
The University of Lausanne (UNIL; French: Université de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland, was founded in 1537 as a school of Protestant theology, before being made a university in 1890. The university is the second-oldest in Switzerland, and one of the oldest universities in the world to be in continuous operation. As of fall 2017, about 15,000 students and 3,300 employees studied and worked at the university. Approximately 1,500 international students attend the university (120 nationalities), which has a wide curriculum including exchange programs with other universities.

Together with the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) the university forms a vast campus at the shores of Lake Geneva.
Chōkokan
The Chōkokan (徴古館, Chōkokan) opened in Saga, Saga Prefecture, Japan, in 1927. Founded by Nabeshima Naomitsu (鍋島直映), son of Nabeshima Naohiro of the Nabeshima clan, the last daimyō of Saga Domain in Hizen Province, the collection comprises historical materials and artworks relating to the Saga Domain and the Nabeshima family. The museum closed in 1945 but was reopened by the Nabeshima Hōkokai Foundation (鍋島報效会) in 1998. The museum building itself is a Registered Tangible Cultural Property dating from 1927. The collection includes the oldest extant Saibara score, a National Treasure.

Saga Domain
Saga Domain (佐賀藩, Saga-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period Tokugawa Shogunate. It encompassed most of what are now Saga and Nagasaki Prefectures and was ruled from Saga Castle in what is now the urban center of the city of Saga. It was ruled through its history by the tozama daimyō Nabeshima clan. The domain was also referred to as Hizen Domain (肥前藩) after its location in Hizen Province or Nabeshima Domain (鍋島藩) after its ruling clan.  The domain played a significant role in the Meiji Restoration.

Though the Dutch and Chinese trading posts in Nagasaki were overseen directly by officials of the Tokugawa shogunate, the domain was largely responsible for the military defense of the city and the port.
Kunigami Chōchi
Kunigami Ueekata Chōchi (国頭 親方 朝致; ? – 27 July 1635), also known by Kunigami Jūshin (国頭 重信) and his Chinese style name Shō Kakurei (向 鶴齢), was a bureaucrat of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Kunigami was the originator of an aristocrat family called Shō-uji Ōgimi Dunchi (向氏大宜見殿内). He was a son of Urasoe Chōshi, and was also an elder brother of Urasoe Chōri. He was elected as a member of Sanshikan in 1622.

In 1633, King Shō Hō dispatched him and Sai Ken (蔡 堅, also known as Kiyuna Pekumi 喜友名親雲上) as a gratitude envoy for his investiture to Ming China. Kunigami requested for permission to pay tribute twice every three years just like before the country was invaded by Satsuma. It was approved by Chongzhen Emperor. Two years later, Kunigami was serious ill on the way home and died in Fujian Province.

Invasion of Ryukyu
The invasion of Ryukyu (琉球侵攻, Ryūkyū Shinkō) by forces of the Japanese feudal domain of Satsuma took place from March to May of 1609, and marked the beginning of the Ryukyu Kingdom's status as a vassal state under the Satsuma domain. Former Satsuma territories that had been invaded by the Ryukyu Kingdom, such as the Amami Islands, were reintegrated into the Satsuma domain. The invasion force was met with stiff resistance from the Ryukyuan military on all but one island during the campaign. Ryukyu would remain a vassal state under Satsuma, alongside its already long-established tributary relationship with China, until it was formally annexed by Japan in 1879 as the Okinawa Prefecture.
David R. Corbin
David R. Corbin (born July 20, 1944) is an American former politician and farmer. He served as a Republican in both the Kansas State Senate and the Kansas House of Representatives.

Corbin was born in Wichita, and was raised in the rural community of Towanda, Kansas; he is a fifth-generation farmer. In addition to farming, Corbin has expanded his business to include agritourism, using his farm to host weddings, host corporate meetings, and attract visitors to a large annual Christmas-themed display.

He ran for the Kansas House in 1990, taking office in January 1991, and served only one term there before moving upwards to successfully run for the State Senate in 1992. There, he was re-elected in 1996 and 2000, but in 2004 faced a primary election challenge from fellow Republican Peggy Palmer. Corbin was defeated in the primary, taking 39% of the vote to Palmer's 61%, and did not return to politics.

Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 senators elected from single-member districts, each with a population of about 73,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
Ken Hosking
John Kenneth Hosking (10 March 1913 – 1999) was an English cricketer active in the 1930s.  Hosking, whose batting and bowling styles are unknown, played in one first-class cricket match.

Hosking made his debut for Cornwall against the Kent Second XI in the 1932 Minor Counties Championship. He continued to play minor counties cricket for Cornwall until 1934, after which he left England for the British Raj. While there he played a single first-class match for Mysore against Madras in the 1935–36 Ranji Trophy at the Gymkhana Ground, Bangalore. He scored 30 runs in Mysore's first-innings, before being dismissed by Ram Singh, while in their second-innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by Morappakam Gopalan, with Madras winning the match by 109 runs. Upon returning to England, Hosking played eight Minor Counties Championship matches for Cornwall in 1938.

Tamil Nadu cricket team
The Tamil Nadu cricket team is a domestic cricket team run by Tamil Nadu Cricket Association representing the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It has been one of the most dominant teams in white-ball domestic cricket in India. The team plays in Ranji Trophy, the highest tier of the domestic first-class cricket tournament in India and in List A tournaments Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy twice and have finished runners-up nine times.

They are the team that has won the Vijay Hazare Trophy  and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy most often. They were the first team to win the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy in 2006/07. The team was known as Madras until the 1970–71 season before the Madras state was renamed Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu is the only team to win the five different Indian domestic trophies (Ranji Trophy, Irani Trophy, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy and Deodhar Trophy).
Aphilodon meganae
Aphilodon meganae, Megan's aphilodon, is a species of soil centipede in the subfamily Aphilodontinae, a clade formerly known as the family Aphilodontidae but now deemed a subfamily within the family Geophilidae. This centipede features only 37 pairs of legs in males and 39 leg pairs in females. No other species of Aphilodon features so few legs in either sex. This species is also notable for its small size, ranging from 7 mm to 8 mm in length, the minimum size recorded in the genus Aphilodon. This centipede is found in Brazil.

Geophilidae
Geophilidae (from Ancient Greek γεω- (geo-), meaning "earth", and φίλος (phílos), meaning "lover") is a family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea and the order Geophilomorpha. In 2014, a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological and molecular data found this family to be polyphyletic. To avoid this polyphyly, authorities dismissed the families Aphilodontidae, Dignathodontidae, Linotaeniidae, and Macronicophilidae, which are now deemed to be junior synonyms for Geophilidae. Authorities also moved some genera from Geophilidae to form the family Zelanophildae in order to avoid the polyphyly of the family Geophilidae. The family Geophilidae now includes more than 650 species in more than 120 genera. This family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found almost worldwide.
Janos Hajdu (biophysicist)
Janos Hajdu (born 17 September 1948) is a Swedish/Hungarian scientist, who has made contributions to biochemistry, biophysics, and the science of X-ray free-electron lasers. He is a professor of molecular biophysics at Uppsala University and a leading scientist at the European Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC in Prague.

Brunó Ferenc Straub
Brunó Ferenc Straub (5 January 1914 in Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary (now Oradea, Romania) – 15 February 1996) was a biochemist. As a young scholar he was a research assistant of Albert Szent-Györgyi at the University of Szeged, and subsequently worked at the Molteno Institute, Cambridge, UK. He was the first to obtain actin in a relatively pure state. He founded the Biological Research Centre in Szeged. He was the chairman of the Hungarian Presidential Council from 29 June 1988 to 23 October 1989. He proposed the theory of conformational selection in 1964, the same year the Monod–Wyman–Changeux model was proposed.