hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami
Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board is a made for television documentary that explores medical errors and waste in healthcare. It was broadcast globally on the Discovery Channel in 2012. It references federally-funded studies in the United States and news footage to support the claim that healthcare workers are afraid to speak up when medical errors occur in hospitals. The documentary covers solutions to preventable system failures causing harm. It aired four times  on the Discovery Channel commercial-free in North America, Germany, the U.K., France, and other Western European countries including Sweden. It premiered at the National Press Club on April 27, 2012, after a short speech by Captain Sully Sullenberger who was featured in the film. The film was screened at the Texas Health Care Quality Improvement Awards on May 3, 2012.

National Press Club (United States)
The National Press Club is a professional organization and social community in Washington, D.C., for journalists and communications professionals. It hosts public and private gatherings with invited speakers from public life. The club also offers event space to outside groups to host business meetings, news conferences, industry gatherings, and social events. It was founded in 1908.

The club has been visited by most U.S. presidents; since Warren Harding, many have also been members and spoken from the club's podium. Others who have appeared at the club include monarchs, prime ministers, premiers, members of Congress, Cabinet officials, ambassadors, scholars, entertainers, business leaders, and athletes. The club's emblem is the owl, in deference to wisdom, awareness and nights spent working.
Sybil attack
A Sybil attack is a type of attack on a computer network service in which an attacker subverts the service's reputation system by creating a large number of pseudonymous identities and uses them to gain a disproportionately large influence. It is named after the subject of the book Sybil, a case study of a woman diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. The name was suggested in or before 2002 by Brian Zill at Microsoft Research. The term pseudospoofing had previously been coined by L. Detweiler on the Cypherpunks mailing list and used in the literature on peer-to-peer systems for the same class of attacks prior to 2002, but this term did not gain as much influence as "Sybil attack".

Network service
In computer networking, a network service is an application running at the network layer and above, that provides data storage, manipulation, presentation, communication or other capability which is often implemented using a client–server or peer-to-peer architecture based on application layer network protocols.

Each service is usually provided by a server component running on one or more computers (often a dedicated server computer offering multiple services) and accessed via a network by client components running on other devices. However, the client and server components can both be run on the same machine.

Clients and servers will often have a user interface, and sometimes other hardware associated with it.
Alderman's 20 Stores in One
Alderman's 20 Stores in One, also known as The Belk Building, is a historic commercial building located at Manning, Clarendon County, South Carolina. It was built in 1919, and is a two-story red brick building or two-part commercial block with a flat roof and parapets. The main façade of the building features a metal entablature supported by brackets and ornamented by recessed panels. Constructed by David W. Alderman, a wealthy Clarendon County lumber merchant and entrepreneur, the building is the largest storefront in the main business section of downtown Manning.

Belk operated from the building from 1955 to the late-1980s. In 2022, technology company Provalus moved its Manning operations to the building.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Belk
Belk, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1888 by William Henry Belk. Local partnerships allowed Belk to expand during the 1900s, and resulted in several Belk co-brandings. The distinct legal entities were consolidated into a single company and uniform Belk brand in 1998. It was acquired by private equity firm Sycamore Partners in 2015.
Fredrik Riben
Vice Admiral Carl Fredrik Wilhelm Riben (13 May 1868 – 3 August 1950) was a senior Swedish Navy officer. Riben served as head of the Royal Swedish Naval Academy (1918–1921), of the Military Office of the Minister for Naval Affairs (1921–1923), as Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet (1923–1925) as well as of Stockholm Naval Station (1926–1933). He also served as president of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (1933–1935) and chairman of the Directorate of the Swedish Nobility Foundation (1940–1944).

Karlskrona
Karlskrona (UK: /ˈkɑːrlskroʊnə/, US: /kɑːrlzˈkruːnə/, Swedish: [kaɭsˈkrûːna] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.

Historically, the city has been home to a German minority, thus enabling the formation of a German Congregational church. It also counted Jewish people in its population.

In 1998, parts of the city, including the Karlskrona Naval Base, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Isotopes of bismuth
Bismuth (83Bi) has 41 known isotopes, ranging from 184Bi to 224Bi. Bismuth has no stable isotopes, but does have one naturally occurring, very long-lived isotope; thus, the standard atomic weight can be given from that isotope, bismuth-209. Though it is now known to be radioactive, it may still be considered practically stable because it has a half-life of 2.01×1019 years, which is more than a billion times the age of the universe.

Besides 209Bi, the most stable bismuth radioisotopes are 210mBi with a half-life of 3.04 million years, 208Bi with a half-life of 368,000 years and 207Bi, with a half-life of 31.22 years, none of which occur in nature. All other isotopes have half-lives under 15 days, most under two hours. Of naturally occurring radioisotopes, the most stable is radiogenic 210Bi with a half-life of 5.012 days. 210mBi is unusual for being a nuclear isomer with a half-life many orders of magnitude longer than that of the ground state.

Radiogenic nuclide
A radiogenic nuclide is a nuclide that is produced by a process of radioactive decay. It may itself be radioactive (a radionuclide) or stable (a stable nuclide).

Radiogenic nuclides (more commonly referred to as radiogenic isotopes) form some of the most important tools in geology. They are used in two principal ways:

In comparison with the quantity of the radioactive 'parent isotope' in a system, the quantity of the radiogenic 'daughter product' is used as a radiometric dating tool (e.g. uranium–lead geochronology).

In comparison with the quantity of a non-radiogenic isotope of the same element, the quantity of the radiogenic isotope is used to define its isotopic signature (e.g. 206Pb/204Pb). This technique is discussed in more detail under the heading isotope geochemistry.
Altadighi National Park
Altadighi National Park (Bengali: আলতাদীঘি জাতীয় উদ্যান) is an IUCN Category IV national park and nature reserve in Bangladesh. The park is located at Dhamoirhat Upazila, Naogaon District near the border with India. It is under the jurisdiction of Paikbandha Forest Range of Bangladesh Forest Department.

The park was officially declared as a national park by the government of Bangladesh on 14 December 2011. It covers an area of 264.12 hectares including the largest reservoir in the Naogaon district that spans 55.46 acres. Fauna of this park includes junglefowl, golden jackal, civet, jungle cat, monitor lizard, etc.

Bangladesh–India border
The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the Radcliffe line, is an international border running between the republics of Bangladesh and India. Six Bangladeshi divisions and five Indian states lie along the border.

Bangladesh and India share a 4,096-kilometre-long (2,545 mi) international border, the sixth-longest land border in the world, including 262 km (163 mi) in Assam, 856 km (532 mi) in Tripura, 318 km (198 mi) in Mizoram, 443 km (275 mi) in Meghalaya and 2,217 km (1,378 mi) in West Bengal. The Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet, and Chittagong are situated along the border. A number of pillars mark the border between the two states. Small demarcated portions of the border are fenced on both sides.
2022 Zavarovalnica Sava Portorož – Singles
Kateřina Siniaková defeated Elena Rybakina in the final, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2022 WTA Slovenia Open. It was her first singles title since 2017.

Jasmine Paolini was the defending champion, but lost to Siniaková in the quarterfinals.

Harriet Dart
Harriet Dart (born 28 July 1996) is a British professional tennis player. She achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 70 on 9 September 2024, and a career-high doubles ranking of No. 59, on 14 October 2024.

Dart reached the final of the 2021 Wimbledon Championships in mixed doubles with Joe Salisbury. She has won two WTA 125 doubles titles as well as seven singles and 16 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to: war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025,  Haiti and Afghanistan are the two countries with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Sudan.

Grain
A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes.

After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods, such as starchy fruits (plantains, breadfruit, etc.) and tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture, since they can be mechanically harvested, transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos, and milled for flour or pressed for oil. Thus, the grain market is a major global agricultural market that includes crops such as maize, rice, soybeans, wheat and other grains.
Becco di Mezzodì
Becco di Mezzodì (2,603m) is a mountain of the Croda da Lago chain, a small mountain group in the central Dolomites. It is located above the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo in Belluno, northern Italy. The mountain's name means Midday Peak in the local dialect, as the sun appears directly above the peak at midday from Cortina. The climb usually starts from the Refuge Croda da Lago on the road to the Giau Pass. Climbing gear and slings are required.

Province of Belluno
The province of Belluno (Italian: provincia di Belluno; Austrian German: provinz Belluno; Ladin: provinzia de Belum) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.

It has a population of 197,708 in an area of 3,610 square kilometres (1,390 mi2) across its 61 municipalities.
Forge Valley line
The Forge Valley Line was a 16-mile-long branch of the North Eastern Railway between Seamer and Pickering, in North Yorkshire, England. The line was intended to link Scarborough with Pickering. It opened in 1882 and closed in 1950, with the exception of a stretch from Pickering to Thornton Dale which remained open for quarry traffic until 1963.

The line did not pass through Forge Valley, but the station in the village of West Ayton was named after it to avoid confusion with another station — Great Ayton — already owned by the North Eastern Railway.

Forge Valley
Forge Valley is a national nature reserve in North Yorkshire, England, located within the North York Moors National Park on the East Ayton / Hackness road.  The valley follows the route of the River Derwent and was formed by melting ice water at the end of the last ice age. The NNR at Forge Valley covers over 63 hectares (160 acres).

The area is now covered with woodlands which are thought to be 6,000 years old.  Forge Valley takes its name from the fact that charcoal was produced in these woods, for use in iron forges. There was a foundry to the north of the valley in 1798.

Forge Valley is managed by Raincliffe Woods Community Enterprise CIC.
2024 Cassis Open Provence
The 2024 Cassis Open Provence was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Cassis, France between 2 and 8 September 2024.

Cassis
Cassis (French pronunciation: [kasi]; Occitan: Cassís) is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, whose coastline is known in English as the French Riviera, in Southern France.

It is a popular tourist destination, famous for its cliffs (falaises) and the sheltered inlets called calanques. The wines of Cassis are white and rosé, and not to be confused with crème de cassis, a specialty of Burgundy which takes its name from blackcurrants (cassis), not the commune. It is a filming location featured in The French Connection, notably for heroin smuggler Alain Charnier's house.
For a Rocker
"For a Rocker" is a 1983 single by Jackson Browne.  It charted at #8 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.  The third single released from his seventh album, Lawyers in Love, it's also the eighth and last track on it. It peaked at #45 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song was something of a departure for Browne, a straight-out uptempo party number: "I got a shirt so unbelievably bright, I'm gonna dig it out and wear it tonight."  Rolling Stone commented on its apparent attempt to emulate Bruce Springsteen's work, and indeed Browne used it to close out concerts in the arenas he was now playing. This song was written as a tribute to James Honeyman-Scott, the guitar player for the Pretenders, who had died of heart failure on June 16, 1982 at the age of 25. The reference to Peggy Sue is Jimmy's wife and Jenni is her sister.

James Honeyman-Scott
James Honeyman-Scott (4 November 1956 – 16 June 1982) was an English guitarist, songwriter and founding member of the rock band the Pretenders.

Honeyman-Scott established a reputation, in the words of AllMusic, as "one of the most original and versatile guitarists of the early-'80s new wave movement." In addition to his role as lead guitarist, Honeyman-Scott co-wrote a number of songs for the band, sang back-up vocals and played keyboards on a few tracks. Chrissie Hynde wrote "Back on the Chain Gang" as a tribute to him.
Lavaca High School
Lavaca High School (LHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school located in the city of Lavaca, Arkansas, United States. Located near Arkansas Highway 255, the school provides secondary education for students in grades 9 through 12 as one of six public high schools in Sebastian County, Arkansas and is the sole high school administered by the Lavaca School District.

The attendance area includes Lavaca, Central City, and a portion of Barling.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Shoup Building
The Shoup Building is a historic commercial building located at the intersection of Center and Main Streets in Salmon, Idaho. The three-story building was constructed in 1886 for merchant George Shoup; Shoup went on to become the first Governor of Idaho. The building was one of the most architecturally exquisite in territorial Idaho, and state and local newspapers praised the structure upon its completion. The brick building's design features segmental arched windows and a brick cornice with a red and white band of brick below it. Shoup used the first floor of the building for his store; the second floor held the Lemhi County courts, and the third floor served as the local Masonic hall.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 1978.

George L. Shoup
George Laird Shoup (June 15, 1836 – December 21, 1904) was an American politician who served as the first governor of Idaho, in addition to its last territorial governor. He served several months after statehood in 1890 and then became one of the state's first United States Senators.
Neutron magnetic imaging
Neutrons are spin 1/2 particles that interact with magnetic induction fields via the Zeeman interaction. This interaction is both rather large and simple to describe. Several neutron scattering techniques have been developed to use thermal neutrons to characterize magnetic micro and nanostructures.

National Research Council Canada
The National Research Council Canada (NRC; French: Conseil national de recherches Canada) is the primary national agency of the Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development. It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada.

The Minister of Industry is responsible for the NRC.
Hannayuri
Hannayuri (Burmese: ဟန်နာယူရီ; born Yupar Htun Tin (Burmese: ရူပါထွန်းတင်) on 17 November 1993) is a Burmese model, make-up artist, and beauty influencer. During the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, she became one of the most prominent anti-regime activists. Because of her involvement in anti-coup protests, an arrest warrant was issued for her, and she fled to South Korea.

Bunny Phyoe
Pyae Phyo Paing (Burmese: ဘန်နီဖြိုး; born 9 July 1992), known professionally as Bunny Phyoe, also spelled Bunny Phyo, is a Burmese singer, songwriter, and actor from Myanmar. He is best known for performing R&B and Pop Music.
Jezero Hall
The Jezero Hall is an indoor sporting arena located in Kragujevac, Serbia. The capacity of the arena is 4,000 people. It is currently home to the Radnički Kragujevac basketball, volleyball teams and KMF Ekonomac Kragujevac

The first sporting event in the venue took place on 20 October 1978 with a basketball match between KK Radnički Kragujevac and KK Jugoplastika Split.

KK Split
Košarkaški klub Split (English: Split Basketball Club), commonly referred to as KK Split or simply Split, is a men's professional basketball club based in Split, Croatia. The club competes in the ABA League and the Croatian League.

Under its former name of KK Jugoplastika, the club was one of the most successful of the Yugoslav era, winning several national titles in the 1970s and the 1980s. By winning the FIBA European Champions Cup for three consecutive years, from 1989 to 1991, it is also one of the most successful clubs in the history of European basketball.
Cartwright Sound
Cartwright Sound is a sound on the southwest coast of Graham Island in the Queen Charlotte Islands of the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It was named by Captain George Vancouver in honour of John Cartwright, then serving in the Royal Navy under Admiral Howe and later a noted political and social reformer in Britain. The sound is located in the area of Kano Inlet, and lies between Tcenakum and Hunter Points. In the center is a tiny island called Marble Island. Listed by the BC Geographical Names Information System, the sound is entirely missing from Google Maps. Adding to the confusion, Cartwright Sound Charters, which runs fishing expeditions to the sound, is based in Sandspit, British Columbia, on the far east coast of Graham island  Queen Charlotte Islands is also now known as the Haida Gwaii archipelago

George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/; 22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer best known for leading the Vancouver Expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of what became the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California. The expedition also explored the Hawaiian Islands and the southwest coast of Australia.

Various places named for Vancouver include Vancouver Island, the city of Vancouver in British Columbia, Vancouver River on the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, Vancouver, Washington, in the United States, Mount Vancouver on the Canadian–US border between Yukon and Alaska, and New Zealand's fourth-highest mountain, also Mount Vancouver.
Gyraulus parvus
Gyraulus parvus is a species of freshwater snail in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. It is known by the common name ash gyro. It is native to much of North America and the Caribbean, where it occurs in Canada, the United States (including Puerto Rico), Mexico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba. It is also an introduced species in Eurasia, including Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, and Israel.

This common snail occurs in many types of freshwater habitat, such as ponds and lakes. It consumes diatoms and other periphyton that it scrapes off of surfaces. It sometimes rests attached to water plants.

This snail has a thin, transparent, whitish-gray shell measuring 2.5 to 5 millimeters wide. It has 4 to 5 whorls. The upper side is concave and the lower side is flat.

This snail is an intermediate host for schistosomes that cause swimmer's itch.

Periphyton
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term aufwuchs (German 'surface growth' or 'overgrowth', pronounced [ˈaʊ̯fˌvuːks] ⓘ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aquatic environments, such as parts of rooted plants.

Periphyton serves as an important food source for invertebrates, tadpoles, and some fishes. It can also absorb contaminants, removing them from the water column and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality; responses of this community to pollutants can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community-level changes. Periphyton has often been used as an experimental system in, e.g., pollution-induced community tolerance studies.