hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ellison Hawks
Ellison Hawks (13 March 1889 – 5 April 1971) was a British writer on popular science and technology topics. He wrote numerous books explaining the working of gadgets and the manufacture of industrial products. From 1921 he became an editor of Meccano Magazine while also serving as the advertising manager for Meccano, the producer of do-it-yourself science and engineering kits.

Meccano
Meccano is a British brand of construction set created in 1901 by Frank Hornby in Liverpool, England. The system consists of reusable metal strips, plates, angle girders, wheels, axles and gears, and plastic parts that are connected using nuts and bolts. It enables the building of working models and mechanical devices.

In 1913, a very similar construction set was introduced in the United States under the brand name Erector. In 1990, Meccano bought the Erector brand and unified its presence on all continents. In 2013, the Meccano brand was acquired by the Canadian toy company Spin Master. Meccano maintained a manufacturing facility in Calais, France until 2023.
Physics education research
Physics education research (PER) is a form of discipline-based education research specifically related to the study of the teaching and learning of physics, often with the aim of improving the effectiveness of student learning. PER draws from other disciplines, such as sociology, cognitive science, education and linguistics, and complements them by reflecting the disciplinary knowledge and practices of physics. Approximately eighty-five institutions in the United States conduct research in science and physics education.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Water polo at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships – Women's tournament
The 2003 Women's World Water Polo Championship was the sixth edition of the women's water polo tournament at the World Aquatics Championships, organised by the world governing body in aquatics, the FINA. The tournament was held from 13 to 25 July 2003, and was incorporated into the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain.

Hungary, United States, Canada, Russia and Italy qualified for this event by finishing in the top five at the 2002 FINA World Cup in Perth, Australia.

2003 World Aquatics Championships
The 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships were held July 12–27, 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. The championships featured competition in all 5 of FINA's disciplines: Swimming, Diving, Synchronised swimming, Water Polo, and Open Water Swimming.

Competition was held in the facilities all around the city: Palau Sant Jordi, Piscines Bernat Picornell, Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc, Club de Natació de Barcelona and Port Vell.
Žeravino
Žeravino (Serbian Cyrillic: Жеравино) or Zheravino is a divided village in easternmost Serbia and westernmost Bulgaria. The Bulgarian half of the village is part of Kyustendil municipality, Kyustendil Province, whereas the Serbian part belongs to Bosilegrad municipality, Pčinja District.

According to the 2011 census, the Bulgarian part of village has a population of 3 people. According to the 2002 census, the Serbian village has a population of 21 people.

Kyustendil
Kyustendil (Bulgarian: Кюстендил [kʲustenˈdiɫ]) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see.

The town is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, near the borders of Serbia and North Macedonia; 90 km southwest of Sofia, 130 km northeast of Skopje and 243 km north of Thessaloniki. The population is 37 799, with a Bulgarian majority and a Roma minority. During the Iron Age, a Thracian settlement was located within the town, later known as Roman in the 1st century AD. In the Middle Ages, the town switched hands between the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia, prior to Ottoman annexation in 1395. After centuries of Ottoman rule, the town became part of an independent Bulgarian state in 1878.
Douglas Rock
Douglas Rock (Chinese: 德己利士礁) is a rock located between Lantau Island and Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Administratively it belongs to the Islands District. There are currently no residents on the island.

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
Harwood, County Durham
Harwood is a small valley  and village near  the head of Teesdale. Harwood Beck is a tributary of the River Tees in County Durham which forms a short valley, and the village is made of the scattered houses and farms which run the length of the valley. The valley forms part of the North Pennines AONB. Lying along the B6277, the village is 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Middleton-in-Teesdale and 21 miles (34 km) south-east of Alston in Cumbria. It is in the civil parish of Forest and Frith, and the Bishop Auckland parliamentary constituency.

There is a long history of lead mining in Harwood, which reached a peak in the late nineteenth century when a church (1849) and school (1853) were built. The buildings, long abandoned, can be still be seen today. To the west of Harwood, Cow Green Reservoir was constructed on former mining land in the 1960s, while Harwood Common rises above the valley to the north.

River Tees
The River Tees (/tiːz/), in England, rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines and flows eastwards for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the North Sea in the North East of England. The modern-day history of the river has been tied with the industries on Teesside in its lower reaches, where it has provided the means of import and export of goods to and from the North East England. The need for water further downstream also meant that reservoirs were built in the extreme upper reaches, such as Cow Green.
Yuhan University
Yuhan University is a private college in Sosa-gu, Bucheon City, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.  The current president is Kwon-Hyun Lee.  It offers technical training in a variety of fields.  The college's academic offerings are divided under five general divisions:  Mechanical Engineering Division, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Division, Design Division, Computer and Management Division, and Social Affairs Division.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
The Singing Nun (film)
The Singing Nun is a 1966 American semi-biographical musical drama film about the life of Jeannine Deckers, the nun who recorded the chart-topping song "Dominique". Directed by Henry Koster, in his final film, it starred Debbie Reynolds in the title role, and features Ricardo Montalbán, Greer Garson, Katharine Ross, Chad Everett, and Ed Sullivan as himself.

Harry Sukman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of Music, Adaptation or Treatment. The film featured nine songs by Deckers (credited as Soeur Sourire), of which five had English verses as translated by Randy Sparks, who also wrote two original songs and a third "inspired" by a Soeur Sourire song.

Randy Sparks
Lloyd Arrington Sparks (July 29, 1933 – February 11, 2024), known professionally as Randy Sparks, was an American musician, singer-songwriter, and founder of The New Christy Minstrels and The Back Porch Majority.
Thomas W. Sutherland
Thomas W. Sutherland (c. 1817 – February 2, 1859) was an American lawyer and pioneer settler of Wisconsin and California.  He was the first village president of Madison, Wisconsin, was United States attorney for Wisconsin for several years in the 1840s, was a member of the first Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin, and was the last alcalde (mayor) of San Diego, California, prior to statehood.

He was the eldest son of Joel Barlow Sutherland of Philadelphia, who had been a militia officer in the War of 1812 and served as a Member of Congress when Thomas was a child.

Member of congress
A member of congress (MOC), also known as a congressman, congresswoman or congressperson is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalent term within a parliamentary system of government.
Essid Cabinet
The cabinet of Tunisian Head of Government Habib Essid was approved on 5 February 2015 by a majority of 166 of total 217 legislators of Tunisia's Assembly of the Representatives of the People. The unity government consists of 27 ministers and 14 secretaries of state and includes independents, members of Nidaa Tounes, the two liberal parties Free Patriotic Union (UPL) and Afek Tounes, and a member of the Islamist Ennahda.

Essid's first proposal, a minority government of just Nidaa Tounes and the UPL, he had brought forward on 23 January, was retracted after facing enough resistance not to be approved by a parliamentary majority.

Nidaa Tounes
Nidaa Tounes (Arabic: حركة نداء تونس Ḥarakat Nidā’ Tūnis, French: Appel de la Tunisie; usually translated as "Call of Tunisia", "Call for Tunisia", or "Tunisia's Call") is a big tent secularist political party in Tunisia. After being founded in 2012, the party won a plurality of seats in the October 2014 parliamentary election. The party's founding leader Beji Caid Essebsi was elected President of Tunisia in the 2014 presidential election.
Helena Roerich
Helena Ivanovna Roerich (Russian: Елена Ивановна Рерих; née Shaposhnikova (Шапошникова); 12 February [O.S. 31 January] 1879 – 5 October 1955) was a Russian theosophist, writer, philosopher, and public figure. She and her husband Nicholas Roerich were the principal articulators of the Agni Yoga neo-theosophical teachings, which they claimed had been transmitted to them from the ascended master Morya. Along with her husband, she took part in expeditions of hard-to-reach and little-investigated regions of Central Asia, and lobbied for ratification of the Roerich Pact, an early international treaty regarding the protection of the cultural heritage. She was an Honorary President-Founder of the Urusvati Himalayan Research Institute in India. She translated two volumes of the Secret Doctrine of H. P. Blavatsky, and selected Mahatma's Letters (Cup of the East), from English to Russian.

Neo-Theosophy
Neo-Theosophy is a term, originally derogatory, used by the followers of Helena Blavatsky to denominate the system of Theosophical ideas expounded by Annie Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater following the death of Madame Blavatsky in 1891. This material differed in major respects from Blavatsky's original presentation, but it is accepted as genuinely Theosophical by many Theosophists around the world.

Main innovations of post-Blavatsky Theosophy as expounded by Besant and Leadbeater were the focus on exploring past lives and the astral plane using clairvoyance, the promotion of the young Indian boy Krishnamurti as the vehicle of the coming "World Teacher" and the introduction of Catholicism and its religious rituals in the form of the Liberal Catholic Church.
Ray Mariuz
Ray Mariuz (born December 25, 1980) is a Canadian former professional football linebacker He was drafted 28th overall by the Toronto Argonauts in the 2003 CFL draft and won a Grey Cup championship in 2004. In 2011, Mariuz retired from professional football.  However, he would come out of retirement later in the 2011 CFL season and finish the season with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He played CIS football for the McMaster Marauders.

Mariuz now works as a sales distributor for Conmed Linvatech.

2003 CFL draft
The 2003 CFL draft took place on Wednesday, April 30, 2003. 53 players were chosen for Canadian Football League teams from among the eligible CIS football players from Canadian universities, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA. Of the 53 draft selections, 32 players were drafted from Canadian Interuniversity Sport institutions.

Notably, the Calgary Stampeders had the first and second overall picks in the draft, which was only the third time in CFL Draft history that a team had the first two selections in a draft. The Toronto Argonauts were the first to accomplish this via trade in the 1982 CFL draft and the Ottawa Renegades had done this the year before as they were awarded the first and second overall selections as an expansion team in the 2002 CFL draft.
The Visible Hand
The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business is a book by American business historian Alfred D. Chandler Jr., published by the Belknap Press imprint of Harvard University Press in 1977. Chandler argues that in the nineteenth century, Adam Smith's invisible hand was supplanted by the "visible hand" of middle management, which became "the most powerful institution in the American economy".

The Visible Hand was awarded the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for History and the Bancroft Prize of Columbia University.

Bancroft Prize
The Bancroft Prize is awarded each year by the trustees of Columbia University for books about diplomacy or the history of the Americas.

It was established in 1948, with a bequest from Frederic Bancroft, in his memory and that of his brother, diplomat and attorney, Edgar Addison Bancroft.

The Bancroft Prize has been generally considered to be among the most prestigious awards in the field of American history writing. It comes with a $10,000 stipend (raised from $4,000 beginning in 2004). Seventeen winners had their work supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, and 16 winners were also recipients of the Pulitzer Prize for History.

Following independent investigations, the Bancroft Prize was rescinded from Michael A. Bellesiles after he had received it in 2000.
The Vikings (British band)
The Vikings, also known as Keith Powell & the Vikings or Carl Wayne & the Vikings, were an English rock group from Birmingham, notable for including at various times Carl Wayne, Chris 'Ace' Kefford, and Bev Bevan who would later become founders of The Move. Bevan would also later co-found Electric Light Orchestra.

The Vikings started as a skiffle group in the Nechells district of Birmingham in the spring of 1957, formed by Terry Wallace and his friends George Jenkins, John "Bango" Badrick, Allan Compton, John Jolley, and Terry Smith, with their first gig being at the local Cromwell Street Working Men's Club. Barry Harber played bass from 1961 to 1964.

The band was signed to and released three singles on Pye Records in the mid-1960s, one of which – "Your Loving Ways" – was written by the group.

Nechells
Nechells (/ˈniːtʃəlz/) is a district ward in central Birmingham, England, whose population in 2011 was 33,957. It is also a ward within the formal district of Ladywood. Nechells local government ward includes areas, for example parts of Birmingham city centre, which are not part of the historic district of Nechells as such, now often referred to in policy documents as "North Nechells, Bloomsbury and Duddeston".
Pseudotropheus fuscus
Pseudotropheus fuscus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is known from Nkhata Bay and Lion's Cove. It prefers areas with rocky substrates, usually at depths of 5 metres (16 ft) or less.  It feeds on algae. This species can reach a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) TL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Nkhata Bay
11°36′S 34°18′E﻿ / ﻿11.600°S 34.300°E﻿ / -11.600; 34.300

Nkhata Bay (or simply Nkhata) is the capital of the Nkhata Bay District in Malawi. It is on the shore of Lake Malawi (formerly Lake Nyasa), east of Mzuzu, and is one of the main ports on Lake Malawi. The population of Nkhata Bay was 14,274 according to the 2018 census. Nkhata Bay is 413 kilometres (257 mi) from Lilongwe, Malawi's capital city, and 576 kilometres (358 mi) from Blantyre, Malawi's second-largest city. Nkhata Bay is the second "busiest resort" on Lake Malawi.
Alder station
Alder station (formerly known as I-880/Milpitas) is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). This station is served by the Orange Line of the VTA light rail system.

The station was opened on May 17, 2001, as part of VTA's Tasman East light rail extension.

The station has a 275 space park and ride lot situated diagonally opposite from the platform. The entrance to the parking lot has a large public art installation, a clocktower called "Gateway to the City of Milpitas."

Valley Transportation Authority
The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, more commonly known simply as the Valley Transportation Authority (VTA), is a special district responsible for public transit services, congestion management, specific highway capacity expansion projects, and countywide transportation planning for Santa Clara County, California. It serves San Jose, California, and the surrounding Silicon Valley. It is one of the governing parties for the Caltrain commuter rail line that serves the county. In 2025, the VTA's public transportation services had a combined ridership of 27,576,300, or about 93,000 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
I Survived: Hindi Sumusuko Ang Pinoy
I Survived: Hindi Sumusuko Ang Pinoy (English: I Survived: Filipinos Don't Give Up) is a Philippine television documentary show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Ces Drilon, it aired from March 19, 2009 to December 2, 2010, and was replaced by Krusada.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Oulad Bouali Nouaja
Oulad Bouali Nouaja is a small town and rural commune in Settat Province of the Chaouia-Ouardigha region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7402 people living in 996 households.

Chaouia-Ouardigha
Chaouia-Ouardigha (Arabic: الشاوية ورديغة) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It was situated in north-central Morocco in the historical region of Chaouia. It covered an area of 7,010 km² and had a population of 1,893,950 (2014 census). The capital was Settat.

The last Wali (governor) of the region was Mohamed Moufakkir.
Journal of Human Development and Capabilities
The Journal of Human Development and Capabilities is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of people-centered human development and capabilities. It is published by Routledge on behalf of the Human Development and Capability Association. It was established in 2000 as the Journal of Human Development, obtaining its current title in 2009. Its founding editors-in-chief were Khadija Haq (Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Center), Richard Jolly (Institute of Development Studies), and Sakiko Fukuda-Parr (United Nations Development Programme).

Institute of Development Studies
The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) is a research and learning organisation affiliated with the University of Sussex in Brighton, England, and based on its campus in Falmer, East Sussex. It delivers research and teaching in the area of development studies.
1980 Australasian Individual Speedway Championship
The 1980 Australasian Individual Speedway Championship was the fifth annual Australasian Final for Motorcycle speedway riders from Australia and New Zealand as part of the qualification for the 1980 Speedway World Championship.

The Final was held at the Ruapuna Speedway in Templeton, located just outside Christchurch in New Zealand. Billy Sanders won his second consecutive Australasian Final from John Titman and Larry Ross. As reigning World Champion Ivan Mauger was seeded directly to the Commonwealth Final at the Wimbledon Stadium in London, England and was not required to ride in Templeton, only two other riders (Mitch Shirra and Phil Crump) moved forward into the Commonwealth Final.

Mitch Shirra
Mitchell Owen Shirra (born 27 September 1958 in Auckland) is a New Zealand former motorcycle speedway rider who rode with the Coventry Bees, Reading Racers, Swindon Robins and Ipswich Witches in the British League. During his career he rode as and was better known as Mitch Shirra.  He earned 17 caps for the New Zealand national speedway team.
Elvenes Chapel
Elvenes Chapel (Norwegian: Elvenes kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Salangen Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the village of Elvenes, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Sjøvegan. It is an annex chapel for the Salangen parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1959 using plans drawn up by the architect Svein Rydland. The church seats about 100 people.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.