hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ignacio Ramírez (politician)
Juan Ignacio Paulino Ramírez Calzada (22 June 1818 – 15 June 1879), more commonly known as Ignacio Ramírez,  was a 19th century Mexican liberal intellectual and statesman. He was known for publishing various newspapers championing progressive causes, and he would often use the pen name El Nigromante, (the Necromancer). He served in more than one presidential cabinet and would go on to become president of the supreme court.

Ramírez belongs to the generation of Mexican liberals of La Reforma; which includes other intellectuals such as Ponciano Arriaga, Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, Melchor Ocampo, and Guillermo Prieto.

While the Liberal Party consistently supported anti-clerical measures, Ramírez  was also one of its few partisans who openly expressed atheism.

Necromancy
Necromancy (/ˈnɛkrəmænsi/) is the practice of magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions for the purpose of divination; imparting the means to foretell future events and discover hidden knowledge. Sometimes categorized under death magic, the term is occasionally also used in a more general sense to refer to black magic or witchcraft as a whole.
Calvapilosa
Calvapilosa (Hairy Scalp) is an extinct genus of siphogonuchitid stem-aculiferan known from the Early Ordovician Fezouata Formation of Morocco. Its discovery and placement as a stem-aculiferan suggests that the ancestral mollusc bore a single shell rather than being shell-less like aplacophorans or bearing eight metameres like chitons and monoplacophoran soft tissues.

Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. It is thus a way of defining a clade, a group consisting of a species and all its extant or extinct descendants. For example, Neornithes (birds) can be defined as a crown group, which includes the most recent common ancestor of all modern birds, and all of its extant or extinct descendants.

The concept was developed by Willi Hennig, the formulator of phylogenetic systematics, as a way of classifying living organisms relative to their extinct relatives in his "Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten",
and the "crown" and "stem" group terminology was coined by R. P. S. Jefferies in 1979. Though formulated in the 1970s, the term was not commonly used until its reintroduction in 2000 by Graham Budd and Sören Jensen.
Tejhaun Palmer
Tejhaun Palmer (born May 19, 2000) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Snow Badgers and UAB Blazers, and was selected by the Cardinals in the sixth round of the 2024 NFL draft.

UAB Blazers football
The UAB Blazers football team represents the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in the sport of American football. The Blazers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and American Athletic Conference (The American). The team is led by interim head coach Alex Mortensen, after previous head coach Trent Dilfer’s firing on 12 October 2025. Home games were previously held at Legion Field in Birmingham from the 1991 season to the 2020 season.  A new stadium, Protective Stadium, has been the home of the Blazers starting from the 2021 season.  The new stadium's capacity is over 47,000.

The UAB football program was terminated after the 2014 season but was reinstated shortly thereafter. The team went on hiatus for two seasons before returning in 2017. UAB won both its first conference championship and bowl game in program history in 2018.
Craig Silverman
Craig Silverman is a Canadian journalist and a reporter at ProPublica. He was previously the media editor of BuzzFeed and the head of BuzzFeed's Canadian division. Known as an expert in "fake news", he founded the "Regret the Error" blog in 2004, covering fact-checking and media inaccuracy, and authored a 2009 book of the same name, which won the Arthur Rowse Award for Press Criticism from the National Press Club.

In 2011 he joined the Poynter Institute for Media Studies as an adjunct faculty member. He also founded the hoax and rumor tracking website Emergent and co-authored a biography of Michael Calce, the hacker known as MafiaBoy. He received a 2013 Mirror Award for Best Commentary, Digital Media.

Born in Nova Scotia, Silverman is a graduate of Concordia University in Montreal (Bachelor of Arts in journalism) and moved to Toronto to join BuzzFeed.

Fact-checking
Fact-checking is the process of verifying the factual accuracy of questioned reporting and statements. Fact-checking can be conducted before or after the text or content is published or otherwise disseminated. Internal fact-checking is such checking done in-house by the publisher to prevent inaccurate content from being published; when the text is analyzed by a third party, the process is called external fact-checking.

Research suggests that fact-checking can indeed correct perceptions among citizens, as well as discourage politicians from spreading false or misleading claims. However, corrections may decay over time or be overwhelmed by cues from elites who promote less accurate claims. Political fact-checking is sometimes criticized as being opinion journalism.
Osceola Township, Renville County, Minnesota
Osceola Township (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ OSS-ee-OH-lə) is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States.  At the 2000 census, the township population was 219.

Osceola Township was organized in 1879, and named after Osceola, Wisconsin.

Osceola, Wisconsin
Osceola (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ AH-see-OH-lə) is a village in Polk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,765 at the 2020 census. Located mostly within the Town of Osceola, the village sits on the border with Minnesota, separated by the St. Croix River. It is along Wisconsin Highway 35.
Su Chi
Su Chi (Chinese: 蘇起; pinyin: Sū Qǐ; born 1 October 1949) is a Taiwanese political scientist and politician. Su served as Secretary-General of the National Security Council from 2008 to 2010. Previously, he was the Minister of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan from 1 February 1999 to 19 May 2000.

Su coined the phrase 1992 Consensus in early 2000 to describe the position on One China issues that developed following the October–November 1992 discussions between the Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS).

Straits Exchange Foundation
The Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF; Chinese: 海峽交流基金會; pinyin: Hǎixiá Jiāoliú Jījīnhuì; often abbreviated as 海基會) is a semiofficial organization set up by the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to handle civil and business matters with the People's Republic of China (PRC). Though technically a private organization, it is funded by the government and under the supervision of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan.  Its role is effectively to function as the de facto embassy to the PRC, as a means of avoiding acknowledgement of the PRC's statehood status.

Its counterpart in the PRC is the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS).
2014 Florida's 19th congressional district special election
The 2014 special election for Florida's 19th congressional district was held on June 24, 2014, following party primary elections which were held on April 22. The election was held to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Trey Radel from the United States House of Representatives. Radel resigned on January 27, 2014, two months after he was arrested for possession of cocaine. Curt Clawson was elected as the new U.S. Representative.

Florida's 19th congressional district
Florida's 19th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in Southwest Florida. It includes the cities of Cape Coral, Fort Myers, Fort Myers Beach, Sanibel, Bonita Springs, Naples and Marco Island, as well as unincorporated areas in Lee and Collier counties. It has been represented by Republican Byron Donalds since 2021.

The 19th district was created as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census. From then until 1993, it was a Miami-based district; much of its territory is now the 25th district. From 1993 to 2013, it covered parts of Fort Lauderdale and West Palm Beach; this area is now the 23rd district. The current 19th covers most of the territory that was the 14th district from 1993 to 2013.
Baruch Lindau
Baruch ben Jehuda Löb Lindau (Hebrew: בָּרוּךְ‬ בֶּן יְהוּדָה לֵייבּ לינדא; 1759, Hanover, Holy Roman Empire – 5 December 1849, Berlin, Prussia) was a Jewish-German mathematician, science writer, and translator.

Lindau became a member of the maskilim circle in Berlin, publishing articles on science and scientific instruments in ha-Me'assef. He was a counselor of the maskilic association Chevrat shocharai Ha'tov ve'hatushiya and translated several haftarot into German for Mendelssohn's Bi'ur project.: 287

In 1789, he published Reshit Limmudim, his most successful work. It was a Hebrew scientific textbook containing sections on astronomy, physics, biology, and geography. The second part, Reshit Limmudim, was published in 1810 and devoted to physics, chemistry, and mechanics.: 286  The work remained a popular scientific encyclopedia among European Jews for nearly a century.

Science journalism
Science journalism conveys reporting about science to the public. The field typically involves interactions between scientists, journalists and the public. There are many different examples of science writing. A few examples include feature writing, risk communication, blogs, science books, scientific journals, science podcasts and science magazines.
Gladyshev
Gladyshev (masculine, Russian: Гладышев) or Gladysheva (feminine, Russian: Гладышева) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksei Gladyshev (born 1992), Russian soccer player

Anatoly Gladyshev (1947–1984), Russian ice speedway rider

Artur Gladyshev (born 1968), Russian singer

Svetlana Gladysheva (born 1971), Russian alpine skier

Vadim Gladyshev (born 1976), Russian soccer manager and former player, father of Yaroslav

Yaroslav Gladyshev (born 2003), Russian soccer player, son of Vadim

Yaroslav Gladyshev
Yaroslav Vadimovich Gladyshev (Russian: Ярослав Вадимович Гладышев; born 5 May 2003) is a Russian football player who plays as a right winger or centre-forward for Russian Premier League club Dynamo Moscow and the Russia national team.
Pseudopyrausta acutangulalis
Pseudopyrausta acutangulalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen in 1875. It is native to South America, Central America and the Antilles. It has been introduced to Hawaii to control species of the genus Lantana.

The larvae feed on Lantana camara.

Lantana
Lantana (/lænˈtɑːnə, -ˈteɪ-/) is a genus of about 150 species of perennial flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. They are native to tropical regions of the Americas and Africa but exist as an introduced species in numerous areas, especially in the Australian-Pacific region, South and Northeastern part of India. The genus includes both herbaceous plants and shrubs growing to 0.5–2 m (1.6–6.6 ft) tall. Their common names are shrub verbenas or lantanas. The generic name originated in Late Latin, where it refers to the unrelated Viburnum lantana.

Lantana's aromatic flower clusters (called umbels) are a mix of red, orange, yellow, or blue and white florets. Other colors exist as new varieties are being selected. The flowers typically change color as they mature, resulting in inflorescences that are two- or three-colored.

"Wild lantanas" are plants of the unrelated genus Abronia, usually called "sand-verbenas".
Sergey Karasev
Sergey Vasiliyevich Karasev (Russian: Серге́й Васильевич Карасёв, Karasyov; born October 26, 1993) is a Russian professional basketball player and the team captain for Zenit Saint Petersburg of the VTB United League. He was drafted with the 19th pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers.

VTB United League
The VTB United League (Russian: Единая Лига ВТБ) is an international professional men's club basketball league that was founded in 2009. As of the 2025–26 season, it consists exclusively of Russian clubs. Since 2013, it is the first tier of Russian professional club basketball. Therefore, the highest placed Russian team in the league can also be named the Russian national champions. The league is sponsored by Russian state-owned VTB Bank. In 2009 CSKA Moscow won VTB United League Promo-Cup, but this competition does not count as official VTB title. CSKA has dominated the league, having won majority of titles its existence. The VTB United League also holds a youth competition, the VTB United Youth League.
Tilt (Kahimi Karie album)
Tilt is the third studio album by Japanese musician Kahimi Karie. It was released on May 24, 2000, by Polydor Records.

Tilt features collaborations with Add N to (X), Arto Lindsay, Momus, The Olivia Tremor Control and Tahiti 80, among other artists. Three of the album's tracks were released earlier in 2000 on EPs by Karie: "Do You Know the Time?" and "Metaphors" on Once Upon a Time, and "Pygmalism" on Journey to the Centre of Me.

Momus (musician)
Nicholas John Currie (born 11 February 1960), more popularly known under the artist name Momus (after the Greek god of mockery), is a Scottish musician and writer.

For over forty years he has been releasing albums on labels in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan. In his lyrics and his other writing he makes use of continental philosophy, and has built up a personal world he says is "dominated by values like diversity, orientalism, and a respect for otherness".
1955 Tour de France, Stage 1a to Stage 11
The 1955 Tour de France was the 42nd edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Le Havre with a flat stage on 7 July and Stage 11 occurred on 18 July with a mountainous stage to Avignon. The race finished in Paris on 30 July.

Namur
Namur (French: [namyʁ] ⓘ; Walloon: Nameur; Dutch: Namen [ˈnaːmə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is the capital both of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, the Government of Wallonia and its administration.

Namur stands at the confluence of the rivers Sambre and Meuse and straddles three different regions – Hesbaye to the north, Condroz to the south-east, and Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse to the south-west. The city of Charleroi is located to the west. The language spoken is French.

The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities: Beez, Belgrade, Boninne, Bouge, Champion, Cognelée, Daussoulx, Dave, Erpent, Flawinne, Gelbressée, Jambes, Lives-sur-Meuse, Loyers, Malonne, Marche-les-Dames, Namur proper, Naninne, Saint-Servais, Saint-Marc, Suarlée, Temploux, Vedrin, Wépion, and Wierde.
Yakima Valley Braves
The Yakima Valley Braves, was the final name of a minor league baseball club, located in Yakima, Washington, playing from 1955 to 1966 as members of the Northwest League. Yakima hosted professional baseball regularly from 1937 through 1965 with a brief hiatus between 1942 and 1945 due to World War II. Playing under various names, Yakima was a member of the Western International League.

Western International League
The Western International League was a mid- to higher-level minor league baseball circuit in the Pacific Northwest United States and western Canada that operated in 1922, 1937 to 1942, and 1946 to 1954. In 1955, the Western International League evolved to become the Northwest League, which is still playing today.
Dąbroszyn Palace
Tamsel Palace (or Dąbroszyn Palace) is a historical palace complex in Dąbroszyn (formerly known as Tamsel), in western Poland.

It consists of a manor house, a church and a park. It was constructed in the late 17th century by Field Marshal Hans Adam von Schöning. His granddaughter, Luise Eleonore, inherited the castle as a child of four and married Lieutenant-General von Wreech at age 16.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
2000–01 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team
The 2000–01 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 2000–01 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Cliff Ellis, who was in his seventh season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 18–14, 7–9 in SEC play. They lost to Tennessee in the first round of the SEC tournament. They received an invitation to the National Invitation Tournament, where they defeated Miami to advance to the second round where they lost to Purdue.

2000–01 Miami Hurricanes men's basketball team
The 2000–01 Miami Hurricanes men's basketball team represented the University of Miami during the 2000–01 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hurricanes, led by head coach Perry Clark, played their home games at the Miami Arena and were members of the Big East Conference.

On December 15, 2000, Nebraska defeated Miami in the 2000 Orange Bowl Basketball Classic, 72-64.

The Hurricanes finished the season with a 16–13 record. They lost to Pittsburgh 78–69 in the Big East tournament first round. In the NIT 1st round Miami lost 60–58 to Auburn on March 14, 2001.
Aibyn Presidential Regiment
The Aibyn Presidential Regiment of the State Security Service of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Айбынның Президенттік құрметті қорғау полкі, Aibynnyñ Prezidenttık qūrmettı qorğau polkı; Russian: Президентский полк "Айбын" Службы государственной охраны Республики Казахстан, Prezidentskiy polk "Aybyn" Sluzhby gosudarstvennoy okhrany Respubliki Kazakhstan) is a ceremonial honor guard of the State Security Service of Kazakhstan. It is comparable to the Kremlin Regiment in Russia and the Azerbaijani National Guard.

When the Republican Guard was formed in 1992, as decreed by the newly elected President of Kazakhstan, it included a Guard of Honor company called the Ceremonial Battalion. This was later renamed the Presidential Regiment, currently commanded by Captain Khasen Omarkhanov.

Azerbaijani National Guard
The Azerbaijani National Guard (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Milli Qvardiyası) is an armed force of the Government of Azerbaijan, and operates as a semi-independent entity as well as the a reserve component of the Azerbaijan Army. The Special State Protection Service (SSPS) of Azerbaijan is a military unit subordinate to the President of Azerbaijan. The missions of the Azerbaijani National Guard are to protect government facilities such as the National Parliament, and the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan as well as foreign heads of state and government in Azerbaijan.
Bull running
Bull running was a custom practised in England until the 19th century. It involved chasing a bull through the streets of a town until it was weakened, then slaughtering the animal and butchering it for its meat. Bull running became illegal in 1835, and the last bull run took place in Stamford, Lincolnshire, in 1839. The practice was not confined to any particular region, with bull runs also documented at Axbridge in the south west, Canterbury and Wokingham in the south east, Tutbury in the midlands, and Wisbech in the east.

The origins of the custom are uncertain, and the date of observance varied across the country. In Stamford, the bull run took place on St Brice's Day (13 November); in Tutbury, it was held on the Feast of the Assumption (15 August); and in Axbridge on Guy Fawkes Day (5 November). Participants may be referred to as bullards, as in the Bullards' Song associated with the Stamford bull run.

Stamford, Lincolnshire
Stamford is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 19,701 and estimated at 20,645 in 2019. The town has 17th- and 18th-century stone buildings, older timber-framed buildings and five medieval parish churches.

Stamford is a frequent film location. In 2013 it was rated a top place to live in a survey by The Sunday Times. Its name has been passed on to Stamford, Connecticut, founded in 1641.
Minasgeraisite-(Y)
Minasgeraisite-(Y) is a discredited mineral species in the gadolinite supergroup with the chemical formula (Ca2Y2)□2(Be2B2)Si4O16(OH)4. Typically appearing as minute, purplish-lavender rosettes in granitic pegmatites, it was first identified at the José Pinto quarry in 1986 in Jaguaraçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The mineral was named after its type locality and approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA). Subsequent crystallographic and chemical analyses of the type material, as well as of comparable specimens from Norway and Central Europe, led to the mineral's discreditation in 2023. It is now regarded as a bismuth- and manganese-rich variety of hingganite-(Y).

Type locality (geology)
A type locality, or a type area, in geology is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.

The concept is similar to type site in archaeology.
KRI Silas Papare
KRI Silas Papare (386) is a Kapitan Patimura-class corvette currently operated by the Indonesian Navy. Before her service in Indonesia, ship was part of the East German Volksmarine, as Gadebusch (211).

Peene-Werft
54°02′57″N 13°46′51″E﻿ / ﻿54.0491667°N 13.7808333°E﻿ / 54.0491667; 13.7808333

Peene-Werft is a German shipyard with headquarter and shipbuilding facilities in Wolgast. It had been part of the Bremen Lürssen Group since May 2013 until 2025, when was sold to Rheinmetall.
History of mobile phones
The history of mobile phones covers mobile communication devices that connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.

While the transmission of speech by signal has a long history, the first devices that were wireless, mobile, and also capable of connecting to the standard telephone network are much more recent. The first such devices were barely portable compared to today's compact hand-held devices, and their use was clumsy.

Drastic changes have taken place in both the networking of wireless communication and the prevalence of its use, with smartphones becoming common globally and a growing proportion of Internet access now done via mobile broadband.

4G
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular network technology, introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Compared to preceding third-generation (3G) technologies, 4G has been designed to support all-IP communications and broadband services, and eliminates circuit switching in voice telephony. It also has considerably higher data bandwidth compared to 3G, enabling a variety of data-intensive applications such as high-definition media streaming and the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

The earliest deployed technologies marketed as "4G" were Long Term Evolution (LTE), developed by the 3GPP group, and Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile WiMAX), based on IEEE specifications. These provided significant enhancements over previous 3G and 2G.