hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William of Bardfield
William of Bardfield, William de Berdefeld or William de Bardesfeld (1258 – before 1334) was an English-born lawyer of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century who enjoyed a successful legal career in England before moving to Ireland, where he was successively Serjeant-at-law (Ireland), justice of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland), and justice of the Court of the Justiciar of Ireland.

He was dismissed from office in 1312; he was later reinstated, but was removed from office again in 1319 on the grounds of limited efficiency. The second dismissal was final, despite his vigorous pleas for reinstatement or compensation for loss of salary. He was a substantial landowner in both England and Ireland, though he complained that his Irish lands had been despoiled during the  Scottish Invasion of 1315-1318.

Court of Common Pleas (Ireland)
The Court of Common Pleas was one of the principal courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror image of the equivalent court in England. Common Pleas was one of the four courts of justice which gave the Four Courts in Dublin, which is still in use as a courthouse, its name. Its remit as in England was to hear lawsuits between ordinary citizens.
Dumdi Dumdi (song)
"Dumdi Dumdi" (Korean: 덤디덤디; RR: Deomdi Deomdi, stylized as "DUMDi DUMDi") is a song recorded by South Korean girl group (G)I-dle, released on August 3, 2020, by Cube Entertainment and Republic Records as the lead single of the group's single album of the same name.  It was written by member Soyeon, who also produced the song alongside Pop Time who has produced many of Zico and Block B's songs.

"Dumdi Dumdi" was described as (G)I-dle's style of a summer dance song. Musically, it is a tropical-based rhythm with moombahton song featuring lyrics that evoke 'hot, cold, passion and excitement' that are reminiscent of summer and youth. An accompanying music video for the song was uploaded onto (G)I-dle's YouTube channel simultaneously with the single's release. Upon release, the music video broke their own record amassing 17.6 million views in 24 hours. "Dumdi Dumdi" peaked at number eight on the Gaon Digital Chart the week of August 23, nearly a month after release.

Cube Entertainment
Cube Entertainment Inc. (Korean: 큐브엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. Cube are known for having "self-composing and self-producing" idols. In April 2020, the founder of Cube, Hong Seung-sung, resigned from the company due to an ownership dispute.

The label currently manages several artists, namely Kwon Eun-bin, Pentagon, I-dle, Lightsum, and Nowz. It also manages several entertainers and actors, including Heo Kyung-hwan, Park Mi-sun, Kim Jin-woo, and Park Sun-young.

It was formerly home to K-pop artists such as 4Minute, Beast, G.NA, Roh Ji-hoon, Hyuna, Rain, E'Dawn, A Train To Autumn, Lai Kuan-lin, Jang Hyun-seung, Elkie, Sorn, Yujin, Soojin, Yeeun, CLC, BtoB, Lee Hwi-jae, Na In-woo, and Yoo Seon-ho.
Renato Pasini
Renato Pasini (born 31 July 1977) is an Italian former cross-country skier who began competing in 1996. He won the gold medal in the team sprint (with Cristian Zorzi) at the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo. Pasini also has seven individual victories at various levels all in sprint since 2002.

Competing in two Winter Olympics, his best finish at the Winter Olympics was 18th in the individual sprint at Turin in 2006.

He has also finished second in the 2008–2009 Sprint World Cup.

Pasini competes also in ski mountaineering events, amongst others in the Trofeo Mezzalama race, in which he finished sixth in 2001, together with Luciano Fontana and Ivano Molin, and 10th together with his brother Fabio Pasini and Daniele Chioda in 2009.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics.  Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005.
Luca Persiani
Luca Persiani (11 April 1984 – 19 August 2024) was an Italian auto racing driver.

Having started his career off in Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and International Formula Master, he made his GT racing debut in 2013 after a five-year hiatus and became a race winner in the European Le Mans Series for SMP Racing. He later progressed to a coaching role, working with Prema Racing, Iron Lynx and Ferrari while also competing part-time in Lamborghini Super Trofeo in North America, where he managed Las Vegas Motor Speedway's Dream Racing program.

Persiani died on 19 August 2024 when the 4x4 Jeep he was driving fell down a ravine near Frattura, Italy. He was 40.

International Formula Master
International Formula Master, also known as Formula Super 2000, was a European-based junior single seater formula. The series was conceived as a competitor for Formula Three and made its debut at Valencia in 2007. European television channel Eurosport were backing the series and the series regularly supported the World Touring Car Championship during its European races.

The championship started in 2005 as the 3000 Pro Series, organised by Peroni Promotion and based in Italy; it used Lola B99/50 chassis alongside 2002 cars. MTC Organisation took over for 2006 and renamed it F3000 International Masters, running a support series to the WTCC. In 2007 this series changed regulations, with N.Technology now running technical operations for MTC Organisation, and it became the International Formula Master. N.Technology had previously been involved in motorsport as an Alfa Romeo works team.
Trost ligand
The Trost ligand is a diphosphine used in the palladium-catalyzed Trost asymmetric allylic alkylation. Other C2-symmetric ligands derived from trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) have been developed, such as the (R,R)-DACH-naphthyl ligand derived from 2-diphenylphosphino-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid. Related bidentate phosphine-containing ligands derived from other chiral diamines and  2-diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid have also been developed for applications in asymmetric synthesis.

Denticity
In coordination chemistry, denticity (from Latin  dentis 'tooth') refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex.  In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be unidentate or monodentate. Ligands with more than one bonded atom are called multidentate or polydentate. The denticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter κ ('kappa').  For example, κ6-EDTA describes an EDTA ligand that coordinates through 6 non-contiguous atoms.

Denticity is different from hapticity because hapticity refers exclusively to ligands where the coordinating atoms are contiguous.  In these cases the η ('eta') notation is used. Bridging ligands use the μ ('mu') notation.
Jared Wright
Jared Wright is an American newspaper editor, editorial cartoonist, and former Colorado politician. He has also worked as a police officer.
Wright served a single term in the Colorado House of Representatives from 2013 to 2015, representing House District 54 in Mesa and Delta counties.

After leaving office, he was appointed editor and publisher of the Denver-based political newspaper The Colorado Statesman, for which he had earlier been contributing political cartoons. 
Wright is from Fruita, Colorado and worked as a police officer there.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Mutawaseta
Mutawaseta (Arabic: المتوسطة)  is a Syrian village located in Sinjar Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mutawaseta had a population of 616 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
2019 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The 2019 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 27 July 2019. It was the 69th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was Enable, a five-year-old bay mare trained at Newmarket by John Gosden, ridden by Frankie Dettori and owned by Khalid Abdullah. Enable's victory was the sixth in the race for Dettori, the fourth for Gosden and the third for Khalid Abdullah. Enable became the third horse after Dahlia and Swain to win the King George twice, and the first to win the race in non-consecutive years. She was the second five-year-old mare to win the race after Park Top in 1969.

John Gosden
John Harry Martin Gosden OBE (born 30 March 1951) is a British racehorse trainer. He has trained over 3,000 winners worldwide, including victories in the Breeders' Cup Classic, the Derby, the Arc, the King George and the Eclipse. He’s won over 600 races in the United States.

Gosden has trained the winners of over 100 Group 1 races in the United States, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. He is generally considered one of the finest and most successful turf racehorse trainers of his generation. His reputation for honesty and openness has led him to be called "one of the sport's great communicators".

He trains at Clarehaven Stables in Newmarket, England.
Sunday River Bridge
The Sunday River Bridge, also known locally as the Artists Bridge, is a historic covered bridge in Newry, Maine. It is located northeast of the Sunday River Ski Resort, adjacent to the crossing of the Sunday River by Sunday River Road, which the bridge formerly carried. Built in 1872, it is one of Maine's few surviving 19th-century covered bridges. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Flipz
Flipz is a type of confectionery created by Nestlé in 1997, consisting of salted pretzels covered in chocolate and other coatings.

Originally produced by Nestle in 1997 and made with Rold Gold pretzels, the brand was purchased by DeMet's Candy Company in 2003 and has been produced under DeMet's ownership since that time. DeMet's has added a number of additional flavors to the original Milk Chocolate flavor. In 2013, DeMet's was sold to Yıldız Holding.

TV commercials for Flipz began in 1997 with the tagline "What's Your Excuse?"

Flipz are also produced in the United Kingdom for the UK and Ireland market by United Biscuits.

Yıldız Holding
Yıldız Holding is a Turkish conglomerate that is best known for manufacturing food products. The company also produces other consumer goods and has its own retail, private equity and real estate operations.

Yıldız Holding is among the largest food manufacturers in CEEMEA (Europe, the Middle East, and Africa), the company generated revenues of ₺391 billion (US$13.5 billion) in 2023 across all businesses. The company employs 80,000 people and has 42 factories (20 of which are outside Turkey).

Yıldız Holding has over 300 brands available in 5 continents reaching 4 billion people. Through Yıldız Holding's core focus on biscuits, cakes and confectionery, the company has become number two in the world in the sweet biscuits category and number seven in the chocolate category by revenue.
Mathewson Point
Mathewson Point is a steep, rocky point at the northern tip of Shepard Island, which lies on the seaward edge of the Getz Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. The point, the site of an Adélie penguin rookery, was charted by personnel of USS Glacier on February 4, 1962, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant David S. Mathewson, U.S. Navy, then supply officer of Glacier.

Getz Ice Shelf
The Getz Ice Shelf (74°15′S 125°00′W﻿ / ﻿74.250°S 125.000°W﻿ / -74.250; -125.000﻿ (Getz Ice Shelf)) is an ice shelf over 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) long and from 20 to 60 nautical miles (37 to 111 km; 23 to 69 mi) wide, bordering the Hobbs Coast and Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, between the McDonald Heights and Martin Peninsula. 
Several large islands are partially or wholly embedded in the ice shelf.
Cincinnati Dancing Pig
"Cincinnati Dancing Pig" is a country music song written by Guy Wood (music) and Al Lewis (lyrics), sung by Red Foley, and released on the Decca label. It was a novelty song about a dancing pig that included squealing and grunting sounds.

In September 1950, Foley's recording of the song reached No. 2 on the country best seller chart. It spent 12 weeks on the charts and was the No. 14 best selling country record of 1950.

Music critic Carol Ferrell wrote that Foley's "contagious 'slapping' rhythm" from "Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" had "invaded the barnyard".

The song was also covered by Vic Damone, Teresa Brewer, and Gene Krupa (vocals by Bobby Soots).

The American jug band and musical humor group, Cincinnati Flying Pigs, was named after the song.

Teresa Brewer
Teresa Brewer (born Theresa Veronica Breuer; May 7, 1931 – October 17, 2007) was an American singer whose style incorporated pop, country, jazz, R&B, rock 'n roll, musicals, and novelty songs. She was one of the most prolific and popular female singers of the 1950s, recording around 600 songs.
LGBTQ culture in Metro Detroit
The LGBT community in Metro Detroit is centered in Ferndale, Michigan, as of 2007. As of 1997, many LGBT people live in Ferndale, Pleasant Ridge, and Royal Oak. Model D stated in 2007 that there are populations of gays and lesbians in some Detroit neighborhoods such as East English Village, Indian Village, Lafayette Park, and Woodbridge and that the concentration of gay bars in Detroit is "decentralized".

Woodbridge, Detroit
Woodbridge is a historic neighborhood of primarily Victorian homes located in Detroit, Michigan. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with later boundary increases in 1997 and 2008. In addition to its historic value, Woodbridge is also notable for being an intact neighborhood of turn-of-the-century homes within walking or biking distance of Detroit's Downtown, Midtown, New Center, and Corktown neighborhoods.
Test oracle
In software testing, a test oracle (or just oracle) is a provider of information that describes correct output based on the input of a test case. Testing with an oracle involves comparing actual results of the system under test (SUT) with the expected results as provided by the oracle.

The term "test oracle" was first introduced in a paper by William E. Howden. Additional work on different kinds of oracles was explored by Elaine Weyuker.

An oracle can operate separately from the SUT, accessed at test runtime, or it can be used before a test is run with expected results encoded into the test logic.

However, method postconditions are part of the SUT, as automated oracles in design by contract models.

Determining the correct output for a given input (and a set of program or system states) is known as the oracle problem or test oracle problem,: 507  which some consider a relatively hard problem, and involves working with problems related to controllability and observability.

Execution (computing)
In computing, execution is the process by which a computer program is processed to perform the actions that it encodes. As the processor follows the program instructions, effects are produced in accordance with the semantics of those instructions. The term run is generally synonymous. The act of starting execution is often called launching or invoking in addition to executing and running.

An execution processor comes in many forms. A machine code program may be executed via the programmable interface of a computer where execution involves repeatedly following a fetch–decode–execute cycle for each program instruction executed by the control unit. Source code may be executed by interpreter software. A program may be executed in a batch process without human interaction or a user may type commands in an interactive session.
Newton House Museum
The Newton House Museum, also known as the Matthew Rainey House, is a historic house museum at 510 North Jackson Street in El Dorado, Arkansas, United States.  The house was built sometime between 1843 and 1853 by Matthew Rainey, El Dorado's first settler, and is the oldest building in the city.  It is a vernacular two-story wood-frame structure with a central hall and rooms on either side.  It stands at the edge of a 4-acre (1.6 ha) parcel, having been moved from its center in 1910.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and included in the Murphy-Hill Historic District in 2007.  It is now owned by the South Arkansas Historical Foundation, which operates it as a museum.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Hasdal (Istanbul Metro)
Hasdal is an underground station on the M11 line of the Istanbul Metro in Eyüp. The station was constructed using the cut and cover method.

The station was opened on 22 January 2023.

It is located on the  D.020 highway in the Eyüpsultan district’s Mimar Sinan neighborhood in Istanbul.

State road D.020 (Turkey)
D.020 is a west-to-east state road in Turkey running both in  Europe and Asia. It starts in Edirne East at the State road D.100 junction near İskender village, and ends in Adapazarı with interruption on the Istanbul Strait. The European part ends in Hasdal at Otoyol 2, and begins again in the Asian part in Sultanbeyli.
George Maestri
George Maestri is the President and Creative Director of the Los Angeles animation studio Rubber Bug, a writer, an animation producer for South Park, and a story writer for the animated television series Rocko's Modern Life.

Maestri was nominated for a CableACE Award for his Rocko's Modern Life writing.

Maestri has written several books on character animation and digital effects. He is also a contributing editor of Computer Graphics World magazine.

He is also an active member of lynda.com, teaching several animation-related techniques.

Animation studio
An animation studio is a company producing animated media. The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce, own the physical equipment for production, employ operators for that equipment, and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced. They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created or held by the company, much like authors holding copyrights. In some early cases, they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity. Overall, they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms.
X-ray vision
In science fiction stories or superhero comics, X-ray vision is the supernatural ability to see through normally opaque physical objects at the discretion of the holder of this superpower. The most famous possessor of this ability is DC Comics' iconic superhero character, Superman

Superhero comics
Superhero comics is one of the most common genres of American comic books. The genre rose to prominence in the 1930s and became extremely popular in the 1940s and has remained the dominant form of comic book in North America since the 1960s.  Superhero comics feature stories about superheroes and the universes these characters inhabit.

Beginning with the introduction of Superman in 1938 in Action Comics #1 (an anthology of adventure features) comic books devoted to superheroes (heroic people with extraordinary or superhuman abilities and skills, or god-like powers and attributes) ballooned into a widespread genre, coincident with the beginnings of World War II and the end of the Great Depression.
Victor Gresev
Victor Andreevitch Gresev (Russian: Виктор Андреевич Гресев) (born Leningrad, now Saint Petersburg, 31 March 1986) is a former Russian rugby union player who played as a number eight.

He played VVA Saracens (2009-2011), where he won the Russian Championship, in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. He signed for London Wasps, where he stayed for 2011/12. Afterwards, he returned to Russia, joining Krasny Yar Krasnoyarsk, in 2012, where he plays since then. He won twice the Russian Championship, in 2013 and 2015, and twice the Cup of Russia, in 2013 and 2015.

He has 108 caps for Russia, since 2006, with 21 tries scored, 105 points on aggregate. He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in four games, one as substitute, and without scoring.

He was also a regular player for Russia national rugby sevens team, being twice European Champion, in 2007 and 2009.

Retired in May 2025.

Russia national rugby sevens team
The Russia national rugby sevens team competed in the World Rugby Sevens Series and the Rugby World Cup Sevens. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Rugby and Rugby Europe suspended Russia from international and European continental rugby union competition. In addition, the Rugby Union of Russia was suspended from World Rugby and Rugby Europe.