hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beth Altringer
Beth Ames Altringer is an American designer and academic in user-centered design and design education. She is the director of the Master of Arts in Design Engineering program at Brown University and the Rhode Island School of Design. Altringer previously ran the Design Lab at Harvard University and taught design and innovation at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Graduate School of Design, and Harvard Business School.

Design education
Design education is the teaching of theory and application in the design of products, services, and environments, and focuses on the development of both particular and general skills for designing, preparing students for professional practice. It is primarily orientated to preparing higher education students for professional design practice, and based around project work and studio or atelier teaching methods, while general education uses design methods to improve materials for teachers and students.
Fort Wilderness Railroad
The Fort Wilderness Railroad (FWRR) was a 3.5-mile (5.6 km), 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow-gauge heritage railroad located at Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground in Walt Disney World. The railroad officially opened on January 1, 1974, and provided transportation for the resort's various campsites. Due to issues with track maintenance, pedestrian safety, noise concerns, and the low fuel capacity of its steam locomotives, the FWRR closed permanently in February 1980. Railroad ties remain in place along certain sections of the railroad's former right-of-way, and its four locomotives and surviving passenger cars are now owned by private collectors.

2 ft 6 in gauge railways
2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm). That gauge was particularly promoted by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop during the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in colonies of the British Empire.

Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within engineering tolerance of 762 mm (30.0 in).
Thomas Willoughby
Thomas Willoughby (born 1593) colonist, born Wollaton, Nottingham, England was one of the first settlers in John Guy's colony at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland, Canada. Willoughby is the third-eldest child of Bridget and Percival Willoughby.

Willoughby, a noted black sheep of the family, was sent, along with his guardian Henry Crout, to Cuper's Cove to mend his ways and help in establishing his father's land ownership on the Bay de Verde Peninsula. He landed at Renews in 1612 before proceeding to Cuper's Cove. Willoughby had taken part in the exploration of the territory around the peninsula and took part in the fishery and was allowed to return to England in 1613. The winter prior to his departure back to England he tried to make amends for his troublesome ways in a letter to his family, where he stated:

indever [my] selfe in all goodnesse, that I hope in time you may live to se[e] mee become a newe man.

John Guy (colonial administrator)
John Guy (25 December 1568 – February 1629) was an English merchant adventurer, colonist and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1621 to 1624. He was the first proprietary governor of Newfoundland Colony, the second attempt to establish a colony on Newfoundland.
Eamonn Doran's
Eamonn Doran's (formerly known as The Rock Garden) was a bar and music venue located in Dublin's Temple Bar. The venue also had an adjacent pizza parlour which was part-owned by Huey Morgan of the Fun Lovin' Criminals.

The Cranberries, Mundy, Paddy Casey, Damien Dempsey, Joy Zipper, Republic Of Loose started off playing there. In 1993, Radiohead played their first-ever Irish gig at the venue. TFI Friday broadcast its 2000 St. Patrick's Day episode from the venue, where Chris Evans interviewed members of U2, The Corrs and actor James Nesbitt.

In 2009, the venue went into liquidation with debts of €917,000, including over €600,000 in unpaid taxes. Director Dermot Doran cited trading difficulties and a failed investment deal, after which the landlord reclaimed the premises and licence, forcing the business to cease trading. The venue left behind unpaid debts to creditors, including IMRO and former employees.

TFI Friday
TFI Friday (Thank Four it's Friday) is an entertainment show that was broadcast on Channel 4 television in the United Kingdom. It was produced by Ginger Productions, written by Danny Baker, and hosted by Chris Evans, for the first five series. The sixth series was hosted by several guest presenters. The show was broadcast on Fridays at 6pm from 9 February 1996 to 22 December 2000, with a repeat later that night. Its theme tune was Ron Grainer's theme from Man in a Suitcase, in keeping with Evans' frequent use of 1960s television themes in his work.

A one-off revival episode of the show was broadcast on Channel 4 on 12 June 2015. The episode was well-received; on 23 June 2015, Channel 4 announced that it had commissioned a full revived series, which began airing on 16 October 2015.

In 2016, Channel 4 announced that there were no plans for any further series.
Petrit Bushati
Petrit Bushati (20 October 1948 – 22 November 2014) was an Albanian ambassador to the Republic of Macedonia.

From 2002 to 2006 he served as an ambassador to Belgrade, and since the beginning of 2006 was appointed ambassador to the Republic of Macedonia. Following it, he became an ambassador to Serbia, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Sweden the United States, and since 2014 was a diplomat to Skopje.

He is a part of the Bushati family a feudal Albanian family in the Ottoman era.

When he died, his funeral was attended by the President of Albania Bujar Nishani, former Foreign Minister Aldo Bumçi, Transportation Minister Edmond Haxhinasto, and Ramush Haradinaj from Kosovo.

Bujar Nishani
Bujar Faik Nishani (Albanian pronunciation: [bujaɾ ni'ʃani]; 29 September 1966 – 28 May 2022) was an Albanian politician who served as President of Albania from 2012 to 2017.

Nishani was the youngest person to have been chosen as president of Albania, taking office at the age of 47. Before his election as president, Nishani held a number of governmental and diplomatic positions. Namely, he served as Minister of Internal Affairs from 2007 to 2009, and again between 2011 and 2012, as well as Minister of Justice from 2009 to 2011.
Lughaya District
Lughaya District (Somali: Degmada Lughaya) is a district of the Awdal region in Somaliland. As of 2005, the Lughaya District had an estimated population of 36,104 residents.

As of 2007, Lughaya District's administrative division in Somaliland is C. (A being the highest and D being the lowest.)

Although it is an old port town, no large port is suitable for overseas trade.

Dir (clan)
The Dir (Somali: Dir) is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia (Somali, Harar, Dire Dawa, Oromia and Afar regions), and northeastern Kenya (North Eastern Province).
James Sutherland Spore
James Sutherland Spore (May 13, 1885 – April 28, 1937) was a commander in the United States Navy.  He served as acting governor of Guam from February 27, 1921 to February 7, 1922 and as acting governor of American Samoa from March 24, 1931 to April 22, 1931.

James S. Spore grew up in Bay City, Michigan, and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with the nickname of "Wooden Willie."  His sister was Marian Spore Bush and he had three children.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
Gabriel Kron
Gabriel Kron (1901–1968) was a Hungarian American electrical engineer who promoted the use of methods of linear algebra, multilinear algebra, and differential geometry in the field. His method of system decomposition and solution called Diakoptics is still influential today. Though he published widely, his methods were slow to be assimilated. At Union College a symposium was organized by Schaffer Library on "Gabriel Kron, the Man and His Work", held October 14, 1969. H.H. Happ edited the contributed papers, which were published by Union College Press as Gabriel Kron and Systems Theory.

Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as

linear maps such as

and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.

Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to function spaces.

Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
Russy, Switzerland
Russy (French pronunciation: [ʁysi] ⓘ; Arpitan: Russi or Russél, pronounced [ʁyˈʃi] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Domdidier, Dompierre, Léchelles and Russy merged to form Belmont-Broye.

Canton of Fribourg
The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Freiburg, is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by more than two thirds of the citizens and German by a little more than a quarter. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.
Matranga
Matranga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Luca Matranga, 16th century Arbëresh writer and priest

Dave Matranga (born 1977), American baseball player

David Matranga, American voice actor

Jonah Matranga (born 1969), singer, songwriter, and guitarist

Jonah Matranga
Jonah Rzadzinski Matranga (born Jonah Sonz Matranga, August 11, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist who has released a variety of solo material under his own name and onelinedrawing, and has previously been part of the bands Far and New End Original (an anagram of "onelinedrawing") and Gratitude. He now continues to work and tour under onelinedrawing'.
Meir Heath Cricket Club
Meir Heath Cricket Club is a cricket club and ground in Meir Heath, Staffordshire.  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1991, when Staffordshire played Shropshire in the grounds only MCCA Knockout Trophy match.  In 1992, it held its first Minor Counties Championship match which saw Staffordshire play Suffolk.  The following year, the ground held its second and to date final Minor Counties Championship match, which was between Staffordshire and Lincolnshire.

The ground has also held a single Women's One Day International between the Netherlands women and West Indies women in the 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup.

In local domestic cricket, Meir Heath Cricket Club use the ground as their home venue.

Staffordshire County Cricket Club
Staffordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty national county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Staffordshire. The team is currently a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Knockout Trophy. Staffordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1971 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year Award
The Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year Award is given annually to a college football coach by the Football Writers Association of America. The award honors Eddie Robinson, former coach at Grambling State University.

Eddie Robinson (American football coach)
Eddie Gay Robinson Sr. (February 13, 1919 – April 3, 2007) was an American college football and basketball coach. For 56 years, from 1941 to 1942 and again from 1945 to 1997, he was the head coach at Grambling State University, a historically black university (HBCU) in Grambling, Louisiana.  During a period in college football history when black players were not allowed to play for southern college programs, Robinson built Grambling State into a "small" college football powerhouse. He retired in 1997 with a record of 408–165–15.

Robinson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1997. The Black College All Star Bowl award for outstanding NFL rookies,  the Los Angeles Football Classic Foundation's HBCU championship award, and the Football Writers Association of America's Eddie Robinson Award are all named for him.  Super Bowl XXXII, played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, was dedicated to Robinson.
Myeongdeok station
Myeongdeok Station is a station of Metro Line 1 and Metro Line 3 in Namsan-dong, Jung District, Daegu, South Korea. On March 13, 2009, an entrance elevator was installed. There is connection track to the No. 2 subway line between Banwoldang station and Myeongdeok station.

Daegu Metro Line 2
Daegu Metro Line 2 is the second rapid transit line in the South Korean city of Daegu. It is operated by the Daegu Transit Corporation.

The line first began running from Munyang to Sawol on 18 October 2005, a distance of 29 km (18 mi). The line had been scheduled to open some years earlier, but fallout from the IMF crisis of the late 1990s caused delays in construction.

On 19 September 2012, the extension from Sawol to Yeongnam University opened.

Daegu Metro Line 2 will be expanded from Munyang Station to Seongju County as compensation of Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Deployment.
The Abbey, Annandale
The Abbey is an historic house located at 272 Johnston Street in the Sydney suburb of Annandale, New South Wales, Australia. The house is listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate, the local government register in the New South Wales Heritage Database, and on the non-statutory register of the National Trust of Australia.

Register of the National Estate
The Register of the National Estate was a heritage register that listed natural and cultural heritage places in Australia. Phasing out of the register began in 2003, when the Australian National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List were created and by 2007 the Register had been replaced by these and various state and territory heritage registers. Places listed on the Register remain in a non-statutory archive and are still able to be viewed via the National Heritage Database.
Tareq Ayyoub
Tareq Ayyoub (Arabic: طارق أيوب, romanized: Ṭāriq ‘Ayyūb, also Romanized Tareq Ayoub, Tariq Ayoub, Tarek Ayoub, Tarik Ayub, 1968  – 8 April 2003) was an Arab television reporter of Palestinian nationality, employed by Al Jazeera, and previously by Fox News. Ayyoub was killed in 2003 when two missiles, fired from by an American ground-attack aircraft, struck the Baghdad headquarters of the Al Jazeera Satellite Channel during the 2003 US-led Invasion of Iraq. The Al Jazeera station was clearly marked as a media centre, and the US military had been informed of its location in February.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Edge Foundation (United Kingdom)
Edge Foundation is an independent politically imparial UK-based educational foundation.

In 2003, educational services provider Edexcel was partially sold to Pearson PLC. The trustees of Edexcel opted to use the proceeds of the sale to set up an educational foundation, and formed Edge in November 2004. The trustees of the foundation identified the promotion of practical and vocational learning as the new organisation's primary objective. Since its inception, Edge has invested millions of pounds in practical learning schemes and initiatives run by other organisations, as well as running its own projects.

They believe in a broad and balanced curriculum, interactive and engaging real world learning, high quality technical and professional training and rich relationships between education and employers.

Edexcel
Edexcel (also known since 2013 as Pearson Edexcel) is a British multinational education and examination body formed in 1996 and wholly owned by Pearson plc since 2005. It is the only privately owned examination board in the United Kingdom. Its name is a portmanteau term combining the words education and excellence.

Edexcel regulates school examinations under the British Curriculum and offers qualifications for schools on the international and regional scale. It is the UK's largest awarding organisation offering academic and vocational qualifications in schools, colleges and work places in the UK and abroad. It is also recognised internationally. In 2019, Edexcel was the focus of significant controversy following a leak of an A-level examination.
Fraction of Upholders of the Proclamation
The Fraction of Upholders of the Proclamation was a parliamentary group in the Indonesian People's Representative Council, formed after the 1955 parliamentary election. The group included ten Members of Parliament. The group was politically heterogenous, but was somewhat pro-Masjumi/Socialist Party of Indonesia.

Members:

League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI)

Labour Party (Partai Buruh)

Indonesian People's Party (PRI)

Village People's Party (PRD)

Party of the People of Free Indonesia (PRIM).

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
Riad Sharara
Riad Sharara (also known as Reyad Sharara, Arabic: رياض شرارة) (1940 – September 24, 1994) was a Lebanese television presenter and sports commentator, journalist actor and author, known for his charisma and sense of humour. He is the father of the Lebanese music composer Hadi Sharara the husband of Carole Sakr.

Simon Asmar
Simon Asmar (Arabic سيمون أسمر: Born in Ghazir, January 2, 1943 - September 11, 2019) was a Lebanese television director and producer, and the creator of Studio al-Fan (Art Studio), the famous and one of the Arab world's first star-maker talent show in Lebanon, that is behind most famous Lebanese stars like Majida El Roumi, Ragheb Alama, Nawal El Zoghbi, Wael Kfoury and Assi El Hellani. Thus he was nicknamed the "Star-maker" (صانع النجوم). Asmar also produced several popular game shows, including Bab al-Haz (Gate of Luck), Laylet Haz (A Lucky Night) and Ahla bi Hal Tali (You're Welcome). He was also founded the River Arts (نهر الفنون), a theatre-style river-side restaurant and cafe with a large gathering his famous artists with their orchestras, and a destination for Arab and international tourists.
Dirichlet distribution
In probability and statistics, the Dirichlet distribution (after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet), often denoted , is a family of continuous multivariate probability distributions parameterized by a vector α of positive reals. It is a multivariate generalization of the beta distribution, hence its alternative name of multivariate beta distribution (MBD).  Dirichlet distributions are commonly used as prior distributions in Bayesian statistics, and in fact, the Dirichlet distribution is the conjugate prior of the categorical distribution and multinomial distribution.

The infinite-dimensional generalization of the Dirichlet distribution is the Dirichlet process.

Nat (unit)
The natural unit of information (symbol: nat), sometimes also nit  or nepit, is a unit of information or information entropy, based on natural logarithms and powers of e, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms, which define the shannon. This unit is also known by its unit symbol, the nat.  One nat is the information content of an event when the probability of that event occurring is 1/e.

One nat is equal to ⁠1/ln 2⁠ shannons ≈ 1.44 Sh or, equivalently, ⁠1/ln 10⁠ hartleys ≈ 0.434 Hart.
Noucentisme
Noucentisme (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌnɔwsənˈtizmə], noucentista being its adjective, Spanish: novocentismo) was a Catalan cultural movement of the early 20th century that originated largely as a reaction against Modernisme, both in art and ideology, and was, simultaneously, a perception of art almost opposite to that of avantgardists. In 1906, Eugeni d'Ors coined the term following the Italian tradition of naming styles after the centuries (for example, Quattrocento, Cinquecento, etc.) and using the homonyms nou (nine) and nou (new) to suggest it was a renovation movement. The same year two essential works for Noucentisme were published: Els fruits saborosos by Josep Carner and "La nacionalitat catalana" by the Conservative politician Enric Prat de la Riba.

Cinquecento
The cultural and artistic events of Italy during the period 1500 to 1599 are collectively referred to as the Cinquecento (/ˌtʃɪŋkwɪˈtʃɛntoʊ/ CHING-kwih-CHEN-toh, Italian: [ˌtʃiŋkweˈtʃɛnto]), from the Italian for the number '500', in turn from millecinquecento, '1500'. Cinquecento encompasses the styles and events of the High Italian Renaissance, and Mannerism.
Anz, Suwayda
Anz (Arabic: عنز; also spelled Anez) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Salkhad District of the Suwayda Governorate. In the 2004 census it had a population of 1,102. Its inhabitants are Druze, Christians and Sunni Muslims.

Salkhad District
Salkhad District (Arabic: منطقة صلخد, romanized: manṭiqat Ṣalḫad) is a district of the Sweida Governorate in southern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Salkhad. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 60,375.