hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Nishapur (1755)
The siege of Nishapur began in 1755 when Ahmad Shah Durrani, ruler of the Durrani Empire, invaded Khorasan. Having earlier brought Mashhad to submission, Ahmad Shah laid siege to the capital of Qara Bayat Amirdom in the spring of 1755.

Having failed in his first attempt to take the city, Ahmad Shah arrived before the city, intent on seizing it. Abbas Qoli Khan, ruler of the Qara Bayat Amirdom, immediately surrendered. However, after news of a possible Afghan general's defeat, he revolted. As a result, a one week siege ensued where Afghan forces barraged the city with cannons.

The resulting losses forced the cities inhabitants to open the gates of the city, where Afghan forces stormed the city, plundering and razing much of it. Abbas Qoli Khan was taken by Ahmad Shah as captive to Kabul where he earned his favor, eventually returning to rule under his suzerainty.

Durrani Campaign to Khorasan (1754–1755)
The second Durrani Campaign to Khorasan took place between 1754–1755. Ahmad Shah Durrani launched the campaign to avenge his defeat in the first campaign of Khorasan against the rulers of Nishapur, intending to advance on Mashhad and then Nishapur to bring the cities to submission.

The campaign began in the summer of 1754, with Afghan forces defeating the governor of Tabas's army and raiding the countryside while forcing cities into submission. The Afghan army then advanced on Mashhad. After a protracted siege, the city fell and the Afsharids were brought under Afghan suzerainty. Afghan forces then began advancing on Nishapur, besieging and finally conquering the city, ending the campaign.
2000 Open Gaz de France – Doubles
Irina Spîrlea and Caroline Vis were the defending champions, but lost in semifinals to Julie Halard-Decugis and Sandrine Testud.

Julie Halard-Decugis and Sandrine Testud won the title by defeating Åsa Carlsson and Émilie Loit 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Caroline Vis
Caroline Vis (born 4 March 1970) is a former tennis player from the Netherlands.

Vis turned professional in 1989. A doubles specialist, Vis won nine titles on the WTA Tour during her career. She reached the mixed-doubles final at the 1991 French Open, playing with compatriot Paul Haarhuis. Her career-high doubles ranking is No. 9 in the world, which she reached in August 1998. Vis retired from tennis in 2006.
Tarwa N-Tiniri
Tarwa N-Tiniri (Berber languages: ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵔⵉ) are a five-piece desert blues band from Ouarzazate in Morocco. The all-Berber band was formed in 2012. They have released the albums Azizdeg (2019) and Akal (2024). They have toured Norway and France. The band’s name means "sons of the desert". The band performed at the Jerusalem Jazz Festival in 2023 and at Sfinks festival in Belgium in 2024.

Sfinks Festival
Sfinks is a global pop festival that takes place annually in Boechout, Belgium, a village southeast of Antwerp. The first edition dates back to 1976. The festival usually takes place on the last weekend of July. Since 2023, Slinks has been organizing two festivals: the one-day festival "Sfinks Mundial" in May, and the four-day festival "Sfinks Mixed" in July.

Both festivals are free and focus on sustainability, accessibility, gender equality,  and safety for everyone.
Los Peyotes
Los Peyotes is a garage rock and surf rock music group from Argentina, signed to Dirty Water Records.
Los Peyotes were formed in 1996 and take their name from the hallucinogen called Lophophora williamsii.
The band's style is based on garage, proto punk and indie rock. They are characterized by making music from the 60s and wearing vintage clothing at their concerts.

The lyrics of their songs are sung in English and Spanish. The band's music has been strongly influenced by artists like: The Seeds, The Sonics, Los Saicos, Los York's, Los Gatos, Los Shakers and Los Iracundos, among others.

From their 2005 debut album, Caveman, the band acquired popularity, not only in Argentina and Peru, but also in other countries. The band has toured internationally and toured in countries such as: Spain, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, etc.

The Sonics
The Sonics are an American garage rock band from Tacoma, Washington, that formed in 1960. Their aggressive, hard-edged sound has been a major influence on punk and garage music worldwide, and they have been named inspirations to the White Stripes, LCD Soundsystem, Nirvana, The Hives, and other musical artists.

The band performed several early rock standards such as "Louie, Louie", and "Skinny Minnie" as well as original compositions like "Strychnine", "Psycho", and "The Witch". Their catalogue is generally based around simple chord progressions, often performed with a speed and tonal aggression that was novel for the time, making the band a notable influence on later punk rock bands, such as the Stooges and the Cramps.
Arlen (given name)
Arlen is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Arlen Erdahl (1931–2023), American politician

Arlen Escarpeta (born 1981), Belizean actor

Arlen Harris (born 1980), American football player

Arlen Lancaster, chief of the United States Department of Agriculture

Arlen López (born 1993), Cuban boxer

Arlen Ness (1939–2019), American motorcycle designer

Arlen Roth (born 1952), American guitarist

Arlen Siegfreid (1946–2020), American politician

Arlen Siu (1955–1975), Chinese-Nicaraguan writer

Arlen Specter (1930–2012), American politician

Arlen Thompson, drummer of the indie rock group Wolf Parade

Arlen Lancaster
Arlen L. Lancaster was appointed as the Chief of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service by USDA Secretary Mike Johanns on August 23, 2006.  Prior to the appointment, he served as USDA Deputy Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations.  Before that, Lancaster worked as a congressional aide for Senators Mike Crapo (R-ID) and  Bob Bennett (R-UT) and on the Senate Subcommittee on Forestry, Conservation, and Rural Revitalization.  He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Utah in 1998.
Tarsus University
Tarsus University is a public university in Mersin Province, Turkey. It was established on 18 May 2018 as a separate university in Tarsus district with academic units affiliated to Mersin University and new academic units. Tarsus University provides education in 1 institute, 7 faculties and 3 vocational schools.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Eega (soundtrack)
Eega is the soundtrack album to the 2012 Indian fantasy film of the same name. Its Tamil version is titled Naan Ee. Composed by M. M. Keeravani, the film's soundtrack in both Telugu and Tamil versions features five songs, out of which one is a remixed version of the title song. The soundtrack, released in Telugu and Tamil on 4 April and 2 May 2012, was a critical and commercial success.

Madhan Karky
Madhan Karky Vairamuthu is an Indian lyricist, screenwriter, research associate, software engineer, and entrepreneur. A holder of a doctorate in computer science from the University of Queensland, Karky began his professional career as an assistant professor at the College of Engineering, Guindy, and soon after ventured into the Tamil cinema, working as a lyricist and dialogue writer. He resigned from his teaching profession in early 2013 and began working full-time in the film industry, while also launching the Karky Research Foundation (KaReFo), an educational research organization which primarily focuses on language computing and language literacy. He also founded the Mellinam Education, which develops educational games and story books designed to propagate learning among children, and DooPaaDoo, an online music platform which promotes independent music and serves a distributor for film soundtracks.
James Bolden (basketball)
James "Beetle" Bolden Jr. (born January 16, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for Lovćen 1947 of the Montenegrin League and the ABA League Second Division. He played college basketball for the West Virginia Mountaineers and the Alabama Crimson Tide.

ABA League Second Division
The ABA League Second Division, also ABA League 2, is the 2nd-tier men's basketball division of the ABA League system. It is run by the ABA League JTD. It is a regional competition between men's professional clubs from six countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia.
Gillock Island
Gillock Island is an ice-covered island, 37 kilometres (20 nmi) long and 3.7 to 11.1 kilometres (2 to 6 nmi) wide,  with numerous rock outcrops exposed along its flanks.  It is aligned north–south and lies in the eastern part of Amery Ice Shelf.

Delineated in 1952 by John H. Roscoe from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47).  Named by him for Lieutenant Robert A. Gillock, U.S. Navy, navigator on Operation Highjump photographic flights over this and other coastal areas between 14°E and 164°E.

The Bain Crags (70°30′S 71°45′E﻿ / ﻿70.500°S 71.750°E﻿ / -70.500; 71.750) are a number of rock exposures, many of which are banded, in the face of or projecting from the ice cliffs along the south part of the west side of Gillock Island. The feature was visited in January 1969 by J.H.C. Bain, geologist with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions Prince Charles Mountains survey party, after whom it is named.

Prince Charles Mountains
The Prince Charles Mountains are a major group of mountains in Mac. Robertson Land in Antarctica, including the Athos Range, the Porthos Range, and the Aramis Range. The highest peak is Mount Menzies, with a height of 3,228 m (10,591 ft). Other prominent peaks are Mount Izabelle and Mount Stinear (1,950 m; 6,400 ft). These mountains, together with other scattered peaks, form an arc about 420 km (260 mi) long, extending from the vicinity of Mount Starlight in the north to Goodspeed Nunataks in the south.

These mountains were first observed and photographed from a distance by airmen of USN Operation Highjump, 1946–47. They were examined by several ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) parties and mapped in the years 1954–61. They have been found to contain large deposits of iron ore. They were named by ANCA in 1956 for King Charles III, then the eight-year-old Prince Charles and son of the late Queen Elizabeth II.
University of Applied Management
The University of Applied Management (HAM) is a private, state-recognized university of applied sciences with headquarters in Ismaning, which was founded in 2004. Further study centers are located in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Cologne, Mannheim, Nuremberg, Stuttgart, Treuchtlingen, Unna and Vienna. The university offers courses in the fields of business administration, sports management and technology and media. Until 2017, the main location was in Erding.

Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space
The Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (German: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt; abbreviated BMFTR) is a cabinet-level ministry of Germany. It is headquartered in Bonn, with an office in Berlin. The Ministry provides funding for research projects and institutions.

The ministry has been headed by Dorothee Bär since 6 May 2025.
Cobia, Dâmbovița
Cobia is a commune in Dâmbovița County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of ten villages: Blidari, Călugăreni, Căpșuna, Cobiuța, Crăciunești, Frasin-Deal, Frasin-Vale, Gherghițești (the commune center), Mănăstirea, and Mislea.

The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, on the banks of the river Cobia. It is located in the central-west part of the county, 10 km (6.2 mi) north of the town of Găești and 20 km (12 mi) southwest of the county seat, Târgoviște.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Aero Union
Aero Union Corporation was an aircraft operation and maintenance company based in Chico, California, United States. It was known for operating aerial firefighting aircraft, training crews and making custom designed firefighting systems tailored to specific aircraft requirements. After years of controversies regarding the operation of the company and the safety of its aircraft, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) canceled its contract, and the company was forced to shut down soon after.

Douglas Aircraft Company
The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace and defense company that was based in Southern California. It was founded in 1921 by Donald Wills Douglas Sr., and merged with McDonnell Aircraft in 1967 to form McDonnell Douglas, where it operated as a division.
East Hampton (village), New York
The Village of East Hampton is a village in Suffolk County, New York. It is located in the town of East Hampton on the South Fork of eastern Long Island. The population was 1,083 at the time of the 2010 census, 251 less than in the year 2000. It is a center of the upscale residential and summer resort area at the East End of Long Island known as The Hamptons. The Mayor of East Hampton Village is Jerry Larsen, elected on September 15, 2020.

South Fork (Long Island)
The South Fork of Suffolk County, New York is a peninsula in the southeastern section of the county on the South Shore of Long Island. The South Fork includes most of the Hamptons. The shorter, more northerly peninsula is known as the North Fork.
Jan Opaliński (1546–1598)
Jan Opaliński (13 August 1546–10 February 1598) was a Polish nobleman of Łodzia coat of arms. Castellan of Rogozin and a bibliophile, he was the starosta of Pobiedziska and the owner of the towns Opalenica, Czerniejewo and Sieraków.

Rogozin
Rogozin (Russian: Рогозин) is a Russian male surname, its feminine counterpart is Rogozina. Notable people with the surname include:

Dmitry Rogozin (born 1963), former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia

Georgy Ragozin (1942–2014), Major General of the Russian Federal Security Service
Richard Madaleno
Richard Stuart Madaleno Jr., commonly known as Rich Madaleno (born June 16, 1965), is an American politician from Maryland. A Democrat, he was a member of the Maryland State Senate, representing the state's 18th district in Montgomery County, which includes Wheaton and Kensington, as well as parts of Silver Spring, Bethesda and Chevy Chase. Madaleno served as chair of the Montgomery County Senate Delegation from 2008 to 2011. He previously served four years in the House of Delegates.

On July 17, 2017, Madaleno ran for the Democratic nomination for the 2018 Maryland gubernatorial election.

Wheaton, Maryland
Wheaton is a census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, situated north of Washington, D.C., and northwest of downtown Silver Spring. Wheaton takes its name from Frank Wheaton (1833–1903), a career officer in the United States Army and volunteer from Rhode Island in the Union Army who rose to the rank of major-general while serving before, during, and after the Civil War.

Wheaton had a population of 52,150 at the 2020 census. The United States Postal Service has assigned ZIP code 20902 to Wheaton, but the Wheaton Post Office is a part of the larger Silver Spring area. Downtown Wheaton is located around the triangle formed by Veirs Mill Road, University Boulevard, and Georgia Avenue.
Hale, Minneapolis
Hale is a neighborhood (within the larger Nokomis community) near the southern edge of Minneapolis.  It lies south of Minnehaha Creek, north of 55th Street, east of Chicago Avenue, and west of Cedar Avenue. It is a part of city council ward 11 and 
state legislative district 63B.

The neighborhood takes its name from the local public school, which is in turn named after American Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale.  Hale Elementary is a K-2 school with a pre-K program for 4-year-olds.  Most of the homes in the area were built in the 1920s and 30s.  The regional parks forming the neighborhood's north and east borders give the neighborhood a recreational heart.

Hale is one of three neighborhoods that banded together to form Hale Page Diamond Lake Community Association (HDPL).
44°54′34″N 93°15′21″W﻿ / ﻿44.9094°N 93.2557°W﻿ / 44.9094; -93.2557

Minneapolis City Council
The Minneapolis City Council is the legislative branch of the city of Minneapolis in Minnesota, United States. Comprising 13 members, the council holds the authority to create and modify laws, policies, and ordinances that govern the city. Each member represents one of the 13 wards in Minneapolis, elected for a four-year term. The current council structure has been in place since the 1950s.

In recent elections, council membership has been dominated by the Minneapolis Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL). As of 2026, 12 members identified with the DFL, while four identified with Democratic Socialists of America (three members identify as both DFL and DSA). Until the 2021 Minneapolis municipal election, the city's government structure was considered a weak-mayor, strong-council system. However, a strong-mayor charter amendment was passed, and since 2021, the mayor holds executive power and the council has purely legislative duties.
T-Ride
T-Ride was an American, San Francisco-based hard rock band that was noted for its complex instrument and vocal arrangements. Their eponymous debut album was released in 1992.  The band was compared to Queen and Van Halen, and the album received glowing reviews, including Joe Satriani describing them as "the future of metal". Despite this, the group disbanded before finishing their second album.

Songs from the album were used in various motion pictures and television shows including "Luxury Cruiser" in the soundtrack of 1992's Encino Man, "Zombies from Hell" in the movie Captain Ron and "Bone Down" in an episode of Baywatch, "Forbidden Paradise – Part 2".

Their drummer and album's producer, Eric Valentine, went on to become a notable record producer, producing acts including Smash Mouth, Queens of the Stone Age, Third Eye Blind, LostProphets, Good Charlotte, Nickel Creek, John Fogerty, The All American Rejects, Slash amongst others.

Nickel Creek
Nickel Creek (formerly known as the Nickel Creek Band) is an American bluegrass band consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin), and siblings Sara Watkins (fiddle) and Sean Watkins (guitar). Formed in 1989 in Carlsbad, California, they released six albums between 1993 and 2006. The band broke out in 2000 with a platinum-selling self-titled album produced by Alison Krauss, earning a number of Grammy and CMA nominations.

Their fourth album "This Side" won a 2003 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album. After a fifth studio album and a compilation album, the band announced an indefinite hiatus at the conclusion of their 2007 Farewell (For Now) Tour. After numerous solo projects from the band members, Nickel Creek reformed in 2014 announcing new album and subsequent tour.
Y Gwladgarwr
Y Gwladgarwr ("The Patriot") was a liberal Welsh language newspaper, established in 1858, published weekly in Aberdare by Abraham Mason, and distributed around the districts of South Wales. Devoted to Welsh literature, the paper provided poets and authors of the valleys and South Wales more generally with a means of publishing their works. Amongst the newspaper's poetry editors were William Williams (bardic name Caledfryn, 1801–1869) and William Thomas (bardic name Islwyn, 1832–1878).

Welsh Newspapers Online has digitised 1,266 issues of the Y Gwladgarwr (1858–1884) from the newspaper holdings of the National Library of Wales.

South Wales Valleys
The South Wales Valleys (Welsh: Cymoedd De Cymru) are a group of industrialised peri-urban valleys in South Wales. Most of the valleys run north–south, roughly parallel to each other. Commonly referred to as "The Valleys" (Welsh: Y Cymoedd), they stretch from Carmarthenshire in the west to Monmouthshire in the east; to the edge of the pastoral country of the Vale of Glamorgan and the coastal plain near the cities of Swansea, Cardiff, and Newport.
2020 Rally New Zealand
The 2020 Rally New Zealand (also known as the Rally New Zealand 2020) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was scheduled to be held over four days between 3 and 6 September 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was set to mark the forty-fifth running of Rally New Zealand and planned to be the ninth round of the 2020 World Rally Championship, World Rally Championship-2 and World Rally Championship-3. The 2020 event was scheduled to be based in Auckland in Auckland Region.

Sébastien Loeb and Daniel Elena were the overall reigning rally winners. Citroën Total World Rally Team, the team they drove for in 2012, when Rally New Zealand held a World Rally Championship event last time, were the defending manufacturers' winners. However, they would not defend the rally either as they withdrew from the championship at the end of 2019.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
CCGS Thunder Cape
CCGS Thunder Cape  is one of the Canadian Coast Guard's 36 Cape-class motor lifeboats. She was built in Kingston, Ontario, in 2000, by MetalCraft Marine and MIL Systems and was moved to Goderich, Ontario, in October 2005. Assigned to the Central and Arctic Region, the lifeboat serves the Lake Erie area. The boat is backed up by search and rescue operations from 424 Transport and Rescue Squadron (at CFB Trenton). The Thunder Cape was damaged in a collision with the breakwater at the outlet of the Mission River in Thunder Bay.

CFB Trenton
Canadian Forces Base Trenton (IATA: YTR, ICAO: CYTR) (also CFB Trenton), formerly RCAF Station Trenton, is a Canadian Forces base located within the city of Quinte West, Ontario, about 175 km (109 miles) east of Toronto. It is operated as an air force base by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and is the hub for air transport operations in Canada and abroad. Its primary RCAF lodger unit is 8 Wing, commonly referred to as 8 Wing Trenton.  CFB Trenton is Canada's largest Air Force base and most southerly air base.

The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency. The use of the airport for civilian aircraft is permitted for emergencies or MEDEVACs only and the CBSA officers can only handle general aviation aircraft with up to 15 passengers.