hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Guy Hudon
Jean-Guy Hudon (born 24 April 1941) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1993. He was an administrator by career.

Born in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière, Québec, Hudon represented the Quebec riding of Beauharnois—Salaberry, where he was first elected in the 1984 federal election and re-elected in 1988, therefore becoming a member in the 33rd and 34th Canadian Parliaments.

Jean-Guy Hudon is the father of Isabelle Hudon, Canadian Ambassador to France and Monaco from 2017 to 2021, and President and CEO of the Business Development Bank of Canada since 2021.

Business Development Bank of Canada
The Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC; French: Banque de développement du Canada) is a Crown corporation and national development bank wholly owned by the Government of Canada, mandated to help create and develop Canadian businesses through financing, growth and transition capital, venture capital and advisory services, with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises.

Founded in 1944, its corporate headquarters is located in Montreal and it has more than 123 business centres working with 60,000 clients. BDC's debt obligations, secured by the Government of Canada, are issued to public and private sector institutions.
George Bagby (politician)
George Bagby (born May 5, 1937) is a Democratic former member of the Wyoming House of Representatives, representing the 15th district since 2003. Bagby was a Committeeman in the Wyoming National Democratic Committee from the years 2000 to 2004. He lost the 2012 elections to Don Burkhart.

Bagby used to be in the United States Army, from which he was Honorably Discharged in 1957.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Silvana Pampanini
Silvana Pampanini (25 September 1925 – 6 January 2016) was an Italian film actress, director and singer. She was also the niece of the soprano of the golden era of opera, Dame Rosetta Pampanini. Silvana Pampanini caused a sensation when she took part in the 1946 Miss Italia contest and the following year she started her movie career. Madame Pampanini was born into a well-off family, she was educated, and studied opera and ballet since her childhood. According to interviews, Pampanini was a contralto with notable voice extension. However, she also said many times over the years that she preferred to pursue a career in cinema as it required less training and it was much less demanding than a career as an opera singer.

Abel Gance
Abel Gance (French: [gɑ̃s]; born Abel Eugène Alexandre Péréthon; 25 October 1889 – 10 November 1981) was a French film director, producer, writer, and actor. A pioneer in the theory and practice of montage, he is best known for three major silent films: J'accuse (1919), La Roue (1923), and Napoléon (1927).
Betza's funny notation
Betza's funny notation, also referred to as Betza notation, is a compact method to describe the way pieces move in chess-like board games. It is in common use in the world of chess variants. It was originally invented by the American chess master Ralph Betza. There have been several proposals for its extension to games with more complex moves than the original system could handle. Betza notation is used in the XBoard graphical interface for chess-like games, where it can be used to configure the move generator used for highlighting possible moves, and preventing entry of illegal ones. It is more used to write down how a piece moves, rather than the actual notation for the piece. This can be a helpful shorthand for very large chess or especially shogi variants with various types of pieces.

Shogi variant
A shogi variant is a game related to or derived from shogi (Japanese chess). Many shogi variants have been developed over the centuries, ranging from some of the largest chess-type games ever played to some of the smallest. A few of these variants are still regularly played, though none are as popular as shogi itself.

The drop rule, often considered the most notable feature of shogi, is absent from most shogi variants, which therefore play more like other forms of chess, with the board becoming less crowded as pieces are exchanged. This is especially true for variants larger than shogi itself. In fact, the largest well-known variant that features the drop rule is the 11×11 game wa shogi.
Langley Hall, Cheshire
Langley Hall is a country house in the village of Langley, Cheshire, England.  It was built in about 1650, and is described by the authors of the Buildings of England series as "a distinguished house".  The house is constructed in coursed rubble with ashlar dressings and is roofed in stone slate.  It has two-storeys and an attic.  The entrance front is symmetrical with seven bays and a central doorway.  Above the doorway is a cartouche containing a carved face.  It is inscribed MAC 1696 (for M. Clowes and his wife).  The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.  It has been converted into three flats.

Course (architecture)
A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc.

Coursed masonry construction arranges units in regular courses. In contrast, coursed rubble masonry construction uses random uncut units, infilled with mortar or smaller stones.

If a course is the horizontal arrangement, then a wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s). A single wythe of brick that is not structural in nature is referred to as a masonry veneer.

A standard 8-inch CMU block is exactly equal to three courses of brick. A bond  (or bonding) pattern) is the arrangement of several courses of  brickwork.

The corners of a masonry wall are built first, then the spaces between them are filled by the remaining courses.
Now! (1979–1981 magazine)
NOW! was a British weekly news magazine founded by entrepreneur Sir James Goldsmith, partly as a vehicle for dissemination of his right-wing political opinions. The magazine was headquartered in London.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Kudavale
Kudavale is a small village in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 1,503 residents in the village. Kudavale's geographical area is 1,565 hectares (3,870 acres).

Ratnagiri district
Ratnagiri district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː]) is a district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The administrative headquarter of the district is located in the town of Ratnagiri. The district is 11.34% urban. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Sindhudurg district to the south, Raigad district to the north and Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts to the east. This district is part of Konkan division.
Wye Tour
The Wye Tour was an excursion past and through a series of scenic buildings, natural phenomena, and factories located along the River Wye.  It was a popular destination for British travellers from 1782 to around 1850, and reached its peak popularity during the Napoleonic Wars, when travel (especially the Grand Tour) to Continental Europe was not an option.

William Gilpin (priest)
William Gilpin (4 June 1724 – 5 April 1804) was an English artist, Church of England cleric, schoolmaster and author. He is most notable as a travel writer and as one of those who originated the idea of the picturesque.
Peter Leon
Peter Leon is a Canadian politician, who was appointed to Toronto City Council on October 10, 2013 to succeed Doug Holyday in Ward 3 (Etobicoke Centre).

A former building material salesman, Leon once served in the Etobicoke Library Board and as chair of Etobicoke Hydro. Leon was selected by the city council over Chris Stockwell, a former Member of Provincial Parliament, and Agnes Potts, a former member of Etobicoke's city council prior to the municipal amalgamation of Toronto in 1997.

Leon has been in Etobicoke for 56 years and lives in Eatonville, Toronto in Ward 5 Etobicoke—Lakeshore. He completed his term in 2014 after announcing he would not run for re-election.

Ward 2 Etobicoke Centre
Ward 2 Etobicoke Centre is a municipal electoral division in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario that has been represented in the Toronto City Council since the 2018 municipal election. It was last contested in 2022, with Stephen Holyday being elected councillor.
Mahākassapa (12th century)
Mahākassapa Thera was a 12th-century Sri Lankan forest monk and an abbot of Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara, a forest monastery outside of Polonnaruwa. Mahākassapa who was well versed in Vinaya, presided over the Buddhist council convened by King Parakramabahu I (1153-1186) whose main goal was to reorganize, reform and unify the Sangha. An inscription at Gal Vihara states that with Mahākassapa's advice, the council expelled hundreds of corrupt monks and unified the Sangha under one single monastic Nikaya, the Mahavihara sect. Mahākassapa also wrote several works on Vinaya.

Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara
Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara is situated 16 kilometres south east of the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. The Dimbulagala range houses a number of caves cut into the rock with Brahmi inscriptions over their drip ledges. This forest hermitage of medieval times and holy abode since time immemorial, home to some of the most valued fragments of early frescoes was called the Gunners Quoin by the British. This Buddhist monastery which was abandoned after the times of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was restored to the present status in the 1950s due to the efforts of Kithalagama Sri Seelalankara Thera, who was the chief incumbent of the Vihara until his death in 1995.
Basil Bartlett
Sir Basil Hardington Bartlett, 2nd Baronet (15 September 1905 – 2 January 1985) was an actor, screenwriter and writer, and in the 1950s the head of the BBC's script department.

Barlett was a grandson of  the building contractor Sir Herbert Bartlett, who he succeeded as a baronet during his adolescence. He had a relatively brief career as a stage actor during the interwar period. He served as a captain in the British Army in the early phases of World War II, but he was wounded in the Battle of Dunkirk (1940). He later published his diary (journal) about his experiences from the battle. During his convalescence, Bartlett worked as screenwriter for several war films. After recovering from his injuries, he was seconded to the Intelligence Corps and served as the leader of an army-operated  kinematographic group.

Captain Horatio Hornblower
Captain Horatio Hornblower is a 1951 British naval swashbuckling war film in Technicolor from Warner Bros. Pictures, produced by Gerry Mitchell, directed by Raoul Walsh, that stars Gregory Peck, Virginia Mayo, Robert Beatty and Terence Morgan.

The film is based on three of C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower novels: The Happy Return (also known as Beat to Quarters) (1937), A Ship of the Line (1938), and Flying Colours (1938). Forester is credited with the screen adaptation.
11th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 11th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment from Illinois that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In April 1861, it was formed as a three-month volunteer unit, and in July 1861 it was reorganized as a three-year unit, in which role it served until the end of the war. Two of its commanding officers were promoted to brigadier general and led major units during the war. In its first major action at Fort Donelson the regiment suffered terrible losses. The 11th Illinois also fought at Shiloh, Riggins Hill, Vicksburg, First Yazoo City, Second Yazoo City, and Fort Blakeley. In April 1863, the 109th Illinois Infantry Regiment was disbanded and its enlisted men transferred into the 11th Illinois. The regiment was mustered out of service in July 1865.

Proclamation 80
Proclamation 80, titled "A Proclamation by the President of the United States, April 15, 1861," was a presidential proclamation signed by Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States. It called for 75,000 militiamen to suppress the rebellion in the states that had formed the Confederacy.
Bogong, Victoria
Bogong is a locality in north east Victoria, Australia. The locality is in the Alpine Shire local government area, 371 kilometres (231 mi) north east of the state capital, Melbourne.

At the 2016 census, Bogong had a population of 5.

Tallangatta & District Football League
The Tallangatta and District Football League (TDFL) is an Australian rules football competition in north-eastern Victoria and the southern border area of the Riverina region of New South Wales. The clubs compete across four competitions, two of which are age restricted (under-17s and under-14s).

Since 1980, the Tallangatta & District Netball Association (TDNA) has run in conjunction with TDFL. The clubs compete across six competitions, three of which are age restricted (18 & Under, 15 & Under, and 13 & Under).

Today all of the 12 clubs across both the TDFL & TDNA are joint football–netball clubs, with the overall best club across all football and netball competitions for the season awarded the Club Championship.
2024 CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers
The 2024  CAF Women's Champions League COSAFA Qualifiers is the 4th edition of the annual women's association football club championship organized by COSAFA for its nations. This edition will be held from August 15 to 24 in Blantyre, Malawi.

The winners of the tournament will qualify for the 2024 CAF Women's Champions League final tournament.

2024 CAF Women's Champions League
The 2024 CAF Women's Champions League was the fourth edition of the annual African premier women's association football club tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football. The tournament was hosted by Morocco from 9 to 23 November 2024.

TP Mazembe defeated AS FAR 1–0 in the final, claiming their first-ever CAF Women's Champions League title, and earning a spot in the group stage of the tournament's next edition.

Mamelodi Sundowns were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.
Wang Yun (Yuan dynasty)
Wang Yun (Chinese: 王惲, 1228–1304) was a writer of Chinese sanqu poetry from Weizhou (卫州, in modern Henan province). He was born during the Jin dynasty, but became an official under the Yuan dynasty. Initially a local official, he was given a series of appointments in Central Region, Henan Jiangbei and Jiangzhe provinces starting in 1268. Later he was summoned to the capital where he served in the Hanlin Academy. At twenty, he became the acquaintance of the renowned writer Yuan Haowen. He was a noted prose stylist in the Tang manner of unadorned directness. His poetry often depicted the downtrodden and the poor. His collected works in one-hundred fascicles is extant. A biography of Wang exists in the official history of the Yuan dynasty (元史). Forty-one of his sanqu are extant.

Hanlin Academy
The Hanlin Academy was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning founded in the 8th century Tang China by Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. It has also been translated as "College of Literature" and "Academy of the Forest of Pencils."

Membership in the academy was confined to an elite group of scholars, who performed secretarial and literary tasks for the court. One of its primary duties was to decide on an interpretation of the Chinese classics. This formed the basis of the Imperial examinations, which aspiring government bureaucrats had to pass to attain higher-level government posts. Painters working for the court were also attached to the academy.
Alexander Monro Secundus
Alexander Monro of Craiglockhart and Cockburn FRSE FRCPE (22 May 1733 – 2 October 1817) was a Scottish anatomist, physician and medical educator. He is typically known as Alexander Monro secundus  to distinguish him as the second of three generations of physicians of the same name. His students included the naval physician and abolitionist Thomas Trotter. Monro was from the distinguished Monro of Auchenbowie family. His major achievements included, describing the lymphatic system, providing the most detailed elucidation of the musculo-skeletal system to date and introducing clinical medicine into the curriculum. He is known for the Monro–Kellie doctrine on intracranial pressure, a hypothesis developed by Monro and his former pupil George Kellie, who worked as a surgeon in the port of Leith.

Craiglockhart
Craiglockhart (/kreɪɡˈlɒkərt/; Scottish Gaelic: Creag Longairt) is a suburb in the south west of Edinburgh, Scotland, lying between Colinton to the south, Morningside to the east Merchiston to the north east, and Longstone and Kingsknowe to the west. The Water of Leith is also to the west.
Tammen
Tammen is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce Tammen (born 1950), American choir director, conductor, and singer

Harry Heye Tammen (1856–1924), American businessman and newspaper publisher

John Tammen (born 1962), American Navy rear admiral

Ronald Tammen (born 1933, went missing 1953), American missing person

Harry Heye Tammen
Heinrich Heye "Tam" Tammen (March 6, 1856 – July 19, 1924) was an American journalist, publisher, and businessman. He worked alongside Frederick Gilmer Bonfils and co-owned The Denver Post, the Kansas City Post, and the Sells Floto Circus.
Heinrich Angst
Heinrich Angst (August 29, 1915 – September 9, 1989) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the mid-1950s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he won a gold medal in the four-man event at the Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1956.

Angst also won seven medals at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (Four-man: 1954, 1955), one silver (Two-man: 1949) and four bronzes (Two-man: 1955, Four-man: 1949, 1950, 1951).

IBSF World Championships (bobsleigh and skeleton)
The IBSF World Championships (known as the FIBT World Championships until 2015), part of the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, have taken place on an annual basis since 1930. Starting with 2002, World Championships are not being held in Winter Olympic years. A two-man event was included in 1931 with a combined championship occurring in 1947. Men's skeleton was introduced as a championship of its own in 1982 while women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were introduced in 2000. Both the women's bobsleigh and skeleton events were merged with the men's bobsleigh events at the 2004 championships. A mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's skeleton, women's skeleton, 2-man bobsleigh, and 2-women bobsleigh, was held from 2007 to 2019. In 2020 it was replaced with skeleton mixed team event, consisting of one run each of men's and women's skeleton. Women's monobob event was included in 2021.
The Great Wall Ballad
The Great Wall Ballad (simplified Chinese: 长城谣; traditional Chinese: 長城謠; pinyin: Chángchéng yáo) is a Chinese patriotic song written in 1937 by Pan Jienong and Liu Xue'an after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. The song became extremely popular among both the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalists, and quickly rose to prominence among the Chinese Diaspora. Today, the Great Wall Ballad is one of the most popular Chinese patriotic songs in both Taiwan and Mainland China, largely due to its apolitical lyrics and folk-style melody. The song has been adapted numerous times across its history, and is sometimes seen as the de facto anthem of the Chinese diaspora.

Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people or the Chinese diaspora are a diaspora people of Chinese origin who reside outside Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan). As of 2011, there were over 40.3 million overseas Chinese. As of 2023, there were 10.5 million people living outside mainland China who were born in mainland China, corresponding to 0.7 percent of China's population. Overall, China has a low percent of its population living overseas.
Yoshiki Foundation America
Yoshiki Foundation America is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 2010 by Japanese musician Yoshiki, leader of rock bands X Japan and The Last Rockstars. The organization provides support for natural disaster relief and recovery, mental health and suicide prevention, and refugee assistance in the form of emergency relief operations throughout the world.

Meals on Wheels
Meals on Wheels is a program that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals. The name is often used generically to refer to home-delivered meals programs, not all of which are actually named "Meals on Wheels". Many of the housebound recipients are the elderly, and many of the volunteers are also elderly but able-bodied and able to drive automobiles.

Research shows that home-delivered meal programs significantly improve diet quality, reduce food insecurity and improve quality of life among the recipients. The programs also reduce government expenditure by reducing the need of recipients to use hospitals, nursing homes or other expensive community-based services.
Recursive transition network
A recursive transition network ("RTN") is a graph theoretical schematic used to represent the rules of a context-free grammar. RTNs have application to programming languages, natural language and lexical analysis. Any sentence that is constructed according to the rules of an RTN is said to be "well-formed". The structural elements of a well-formed sentence may also be well-formed sentences by themselves, or they may be simpler structures. This is why RTNs are described as recursive.

Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.

A process that exhibits recursion is recursive. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror.
Reverse salient
A reverse salient refers to a component of a technological system that, due to its insufficient development, prevents the  system in its entirety from achieving its development goals. The term was coined by Thomas P. Hughes, in his work  Networks of power: Electrification in western society, 1880-1930.

Salient (military)
A salient, also known as a bulge, is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory. The salient is surrounded by the enemy on multiple sides, making the troops occupying the salient vulnerable. The opponent's front line that borders a salient is referred to as a re-entrant – that is, an angle pointing inwards. A deep salient is vulnerable to being "pinched off" through the base, and this will result in a pocket in which the forces in the salient become isolated and without a supply line. On the other hand, a breakout of the forces within the salient through its tip can threaten the rear areas of the opposing forces outside it, leaving them open to an attack from behind.