hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emerson Coatsworth
Emerson Coatsworth Jr., KC (March 9, 1854 – May 11, 1943) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.

Born in Toronto, Coatsworth was educated at the public schools, and studied privately for matriculation into the Law Society. Afterwards he attended Osgoode Hall Law School, and graduated in law in University of Toronto in 1886. A practicing lawyer, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Toronto East in the 1891 federal election. A Conservative, he was defeated in the 1896 election by Independent Conservative John Ross Robertson. In 1904, he was elected an alderman for the Toronto City Council. From 1906 to 1907, he was the 33rd Mayor of Toronto.

Toronto East (federal electoral district)
Toronto East (called East Toronto until 1903) was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935. It was located in the city of Toronto in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

East Toronto initially consisted of St. Lawrence, St. Davids and St. James Wards of the city of Toronto. In 1872, St. James Ward was excluded from the riding. After 1903, the boundaries varied, but generally included the part of the city east of Sherbourne Street.

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed between Broadview and Greenwood ridings.
Stimulus package
A stimulus package is most often a government program providing economic stimulus.

Examples in the United States include the Economic Stimulus Appropriations Act of 1977; the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008; the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; the CARES Act in 2020 and American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

Examples elsewhere include Thai Khem Khaeng, a 2009 and 2010 program in Thailand; the Kenya Economic Stimulus Programme in 2009;  the 2008 Chinese economic stimulus program; the July Jobs Stimulus in Ireland in 2020; the ROC consumer voucher in Taiwan; and the Triple Stimulus Voucher in China.

Kenya Economic Stimulus Programme
The Economic Stimulus Programme (ESP) was a spending plan initiated by the Government of Kenya to boost economic growth and lead the Kenyan economy out of the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis and the Great Recession. It was introduced in the 2009/2010 Budget Speech in parliament by Finance Minister Uhuru Kenyatta. Its aim was to jumpstart the Economy of Kenya towards long term growth and development, after the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis and post-election violence that affected the Kenyan economy. Other economic problems included prolonged drought, a rally in oil prices and food prices, and the effects of the Great Recession. The stimulus was a response to the decline in the economic growth rate from 7.1% in 2007 to 1.7% in 2009.

The total budget allocated amounted to KSh.22 billion/= (260 million US$), with the money going towards the construction of schools, horticultural markets, jua kali sheds and public health centres in all the 210 constituencies.
Kawasaki ZZR series
Kawasaki ZZR, sometimes stylized ZZ-R, refers to a series of motorcycles produced by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine from 1990 to 2020.

ZZR-1100- 1052cc (1990-2001)

ZZR-1200- 1164cc (2002-2005)

ZZR-1400- 1352cc (2006-2011)

ZZR-1400- 1441cc (2012-2020)

Motorcycles in this series include:

Kawasaki ZZ-R1400

Kawasaki ZZ-R1200

Kawasaki ZZ-R1100

Kawasaki ZZR600

Kawasaki ZZR400

Kawasaki Ninja 250R (ZZR-250)

Kawasaki Motors
Kawasaki Motors, Ltd. (カワサキモータース株式会社, Kawasaki Mōtāsu Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility vehicles, watercraft, outboard motors, and other electric products. It derives its origins from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and is rooted in the motorcycle, boat, and engine businesses. In 1953, they began manufacturing engines for motorcycles and have since produced products such as the Mach and Ninja series in motorcycles and the Jet Ski, which has become a generic term for personal watercraft. Until 2021, it was a division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, known as the Kawasaki Aerospace Company (川策重工業汎用機カンパニー) and later the Kawasaki Motorcycle & Engine Company (川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー). In 2021, it was separated as Kawasaki Motors, Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
Baharna in Kuwait
The Baharna in Kuwait (Arabic: البحارنة في الكويت) migrated from their home country of Bahrain to Kuwait in the second half of the 18th century due to commercial opportunities or persecution or political instability in the Al Khalifa sheikhdom. The Baharna of Kuwait were typically shipbuilders, lived in their own quarter (فريج البحارنة firīj il-Baḥārna), although not segregated and were not prohibited from living elsewhere. The quarter itself was not exclusively Baharna either.

The 18th century German explorer Carsten Niebuhr visited Failaka Island in 1765 and found that a disproportionate amount of its inhabitants were Baharna and whom worked as pearl divers.

Failaka Island
Failaka Island (Arabic: فيلكا Faylakah / Fēlaka; Kuwaiti Arabic:فيلچه /fe:lɪt͡ʃə/) is a Kuwaiti Island in the Persian Gulf. The island is 20 km off the coast of Kuwait City in the Persian Gulf.

Failaka Island is located 50 km southeast of the spot where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers empty into the Persian Gulf. For thousands of years, the island has been a strategic prize to control the lucrative trade that passed up and down the Persian Gulf. Failaka Island has been a strategic location since the rise of the Sumerian city-state of Ur. Due to its strategic location, Failaka Island has been continuously inhabited since antiquity. Up until the Gulf War, it was the longest continuously inhabited place in Kuwait.
Small Blind (film)
Small Blind (French: La mise à l'aveugle) is a Canadian drama film, directed by Simon Galiero and released in 2012. The film stars Micheline Bernard as Denise, a woman rebuilding her life after being divorced by her husband Michel (Julien Poulin) and pushed out of her job with the family company by her son Alex (Pierre-Luc Brillant). Moving into a new apartment, she is initiated into the world of poker by her new neighbours Éric (Marc Fournier), Paul (Louis Sincennes) and Julie (Christine Beaulieu).

The film premiered at the Festival du nouveau cinéma in October 2012, before opening commercially in December.

Bernard received a Prix Jutra nomination for Best Actress at the 15th Jutra Awards in 2013.

Festival du nouveau cinéma
The Festival du nouveau cinéma or FNC (transl. "Festival of New Cinema") is an annual independent film festival held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, featuring independent films from around the world. Founded in 1971, it is the oldest film festival in Canada.

Although the festival screens a variety of films by both new and established filmmakers, its core programs are the national and international competitions, which present a variety of awards for both feature and short films by emerging Canadian and international directors.

The festival is currently led by Zoé Protat as artistic director, and Ariane Bélanger as administrative director.
Rangueil
Rangueil (French pronunciation: [ʁɑ̃ɡœj]; Languedocien: Ranguèlh) is a residential area south-east of Toulouse in Haute-Garonne, France, where grandes écoles and Universities are located as well as an important scientific complex. It has 2,295 inhabitants (2018).

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Rainui Teriipaia
Rainui Teriipaia (born 8 July 1983) is a French Polynesian swimmer who has represented French Polynesia at the Pacific Games.

At the 2015 Pacific Games in Port Moresby he won gold in the 4 × 100m medley relay, and bronze in the 50m and 100m breaststroke. At the 2019 Pacific Games in Apia he won silver in the 4 × 100m medley relay.

2019 Pacific Games
The 16th Pacific Games (Samoan: Taʻaloga Lona-Sefulu-Ono a le Pasefika), also known as Apia 2019,  were held from 7 to 20 July 2019. The Games were held in Apia, Samoa, returning there for the first time since 2007. It was the third time overall that the Pacific Games were held in Samoa.

The event was initially awarded to Nukuʻalofa, Tonga, but the Tongan government officially withdrew from hosting it in May 2017, amid concerns the country could face economic difficulties if it proceeded.

These Games included an additional discipline for basketball, which is the 3x3 format, as well as the return of archery and badminton which were not on the 2015 Pacific Games program.
Cornelius Lanczos
Cornelius (Cornel) Lanczos (Hungarian: Lánczos Kornél, pronounced [ˈlaːnt͡soʃ ˈkorneːl]; born as Kornél Lőwy, until 1906: Löwy (Lőwy) Kornél; February 2, 1893 – June 25, 1974) was a Hungarian, American, and later Irish mathematician and physicist. According to György Marx he was one of the Martians, a group of Hungarian scientific luminaries who immigrated to the United States to escape national socialism. He was remembered by his colleagues as an innovative scholar and an excellent educator.

Academic Press
Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941. It launched a British division in the 1950s. Academic Press was acquired by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1969. Reed Elsevier said in 2000 it would buy Harcourt, a deal completed the next year, after a regulatory review.  Thus, Academic Press became an imprint of Elsevier.

Academic Press publishes reference books, serials and online products in the subject areas of:

Communications engineering

Economics

Environmental science

Finance

Food science and nutrition

Geophysics

Life sciences

Mathematics and statistics

Neuroscience

Physical sciences

Psychology

Well-known products include the Methods in Enzymology series and encyclopedias such as The International Encyclopedia of Public Health and the Encyclopedia of Neuroscience.
Ole-Jørgen Nilsen
Ole-Jørgen Nilsen (28 February 1936 – 15 June 2008) was a Norwegian actor who was perhaps best known for playing the role of Hans Fredrik Rosenkrantz in the soap Hotel Cæsar and from a recurring role in the Olsenbanden films.

Fleksnes Fataliteter
Fleksnes Fataliteter, better known by its shortened title Fleksnes, was a Norwegian-Swedish-Danish television sitcom series produced between 1972 and 2002, created by Swedish writer Bo Hermansson and based on Galton and Simpson's scripts for the British series Hancock's Half Hour.
James Barbour (architect)
James Barbour (1834—5 May 1912) was a Scottish architect responsible for over four hundred buildings in Dumfriesshire and Kirkcudbrightshire. His twin brother Robert set up the drapers shop in Dumfries which went on to become the business R Barbour & Sons.

James Barbour was born in Dunscore and began his training in Dumfries in c. 1848-1849 with Walter Newall. He set up his own practice in 1860.

He was a member of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. He excavated the Roman site at Birrens.

Blatobulgium
Blatobulgium was a Roman fort, located at the modern-day site known as Birrens, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland. It protected the main western road to Scotland.

It was one of the "outpost forts" outside the Roman Empire when the frontier was on Hadrian's Wall and was located about 11 miles from the Castra Exploratorum fort (Netherby, Cumbria).
Kurdish phonology
Kurdish phonology is the sound system of the Kurdish dialect continuum. This article includes the phonology of the three Kurdish languages in their respective standard descriptions. Phonological features include the distinction between aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops, and the large phoneme inventories.

Close central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɨ⟩, namely the lower-case letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as barred i.

Occasionally, this vowel is transcribed ⟨ï⟩ (centralized ⟨i⟩) or ⟨ɯ̈⟩ (centralized ⟨ɯ⟩).

The close central unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare post-palatal approximant [ȷ̈].
Herbert Schernus
Herbert Schernus (born 9 March 1927 – 15 March 1994) was a German choral conductor, the second music director of the Kölner Rundfunkchor from 1962 to 1989.

Schernus was born in Wießen, Kreis Heydekrug, now Vyžiai, Lithuania. He studied conducting and composition at the Musikhochschule Hamburg. He was a Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater Bremerhaven, then assistant for the NDR Sinfonieorchester and at the Hamburgische Staatsoper.

In 1962, Schernus moved to the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in Cologne. He focused on collaboration with contemporary composers whose works he prepared and conducted. Under his direction, numerous world premieres have been performed, which have established and consolidated the reputation of the Kölner Rundfunkchor nationally and internationally. He prepared them for recordings of classical music, especially contemporary music. Schernus died in Nideggen.

Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg
The Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg is one of the larger universities of music in Germany.

It was founded in 1950 as Staatliche Hochschule für Musik (Public college of music) on the base of the former private acting school of Annemarie Marks-Rocke and Eduard Marks.

Courses cover various musical genres, including church music, jazz, pop, composition, conducting, instrumental music as well as voice. The theatre academy offers courses in drama and opera and directing in these fields. A third academy offers scientific and educational degrees and qualifications (musicology, music education and therapy).

The university is located in the prestigious Budge-Palais in Hamburg Rotherbaum at the Außenalster, close to the city centre.
Alliance to Rescue Civilization
The Alliance to Rescue Civilization was an organization devoted to the establishment of an off-Earth "backup" of human civilization.  This facility, or group of facilities, would serve to repopulate the Earth after a worldwide disaster or war, preserving as much as possible both the sciences and the arts. The organization had called for such a backup facility to be built on the Moon in lieu of NASA's plan to return there no earlier than 2026.

It was founded by the author and journalist William E. Burrows and the biochemist Robert Shapiro. The organization was absorbed into the Lifeboat Foundation in 2007.

Robert Shapiro (chemist)
Robert Shapiro (28 November 1935 – 15 June 2011) was professor emeritus of chemistry at New York University. He is best known for his work on the origin of life, having written two books on the topic: Origins, a Skeptic’s Guide to the Creation of Life on Earth (1986) and Planetary Dreams (1999). He opposed the RNA world hypothesis, and held that the spontaneous emergence of a molecule as complicated as RNA is highly unlikely. Instead, he proposed that life arose from some self-sustaining and compartmentalized reaction of simple molecules: "metabolism first" instead of "RNA first". This reaction would have to be able to reproduce and evolve, eventually leading to RNA. He claimed that in this view life is a normal consequence of the laws of nature and potentially quite common in the universe.
The Stray (Harrogate)
The Stray is a long area of public parkland in the centre of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, comprising 200 acres (81 ha) of contiguous open land linking the spa town's curative springs and wells. The contiguous area of land, not all of which is officially designated part of The Stray, forms an approximately U-shaped belt from the Cenotaph on the north west point of the U, down the A61 road, along a broader southern belt of fields, enclosing the building of Church Square, and up to the north east tip of the U at The Granby. The Stray includes the site of Tewit Well, marked by a dome.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
Silvermine Bay Ferry Pier
Silvermine Bay Ferry Pier or Mui Wo Ferry Pier is a ferry pier located on the waterfront of Silver Mine Bay in Mui Wo Ferry Pier Road, Mui Wo, New Territories, Hong Kong. There are two ferry routes provided in the pier. One is the service between Mui Wo and Central, operated by Sun Ferry. Another one is the "Inter-Island" service among Peng Chau, Lantau Island (Mui Wo, Chi Ma Wan) and Cheung Chau, also operated by the same operator.

Sun Ferry
Sun Ferry Services Company Limited, more widely known as Sun Ferry (Chinese: 新渡輪) and formerly New World First Ferry Services Limited (in short New World First Ferry, First Ferry or NWFF), is a ferry service company in Hong Kong. The company was established in November 1999, when it took over the eight licensed ferry routes transferred from Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry in January 2000.
Adele Bloesch-Stöcker
Adele Bloesch-Stöcker (12 June 1875 – 10 September 1978) was a Swiss-German violinist and composer. She was born in Gummersbach, Germany, and was associated with Fritz Brun and Othmar Schoeck.

She performed in Cologne, Berlin, Leipzig and Bern and was a founding member of the Bern Chamber Orchestra. In 1909 she married Swiss author Hans Bloesch (1878–1945).

She was responsible for the musical aspects of the Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (SAFFA) in 1928, for which she composed a SAFFA walz and directed the women orchestra.

After giving up her performing career for health reasons, Bloesch-Stöcker turned to composition. She released her Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E minor in 1935, and conducted performances in 1935–36 in Bern and Burgdorf. In 1973, she published an article, Erinnerungen an Max Reger (Memories of Max Reger) about the composer. She died in Winterthur.

Othmar Schoeck
Othmar Schoeck (1 September 1886 – 8 March 1957) was a Swiss Romantic composer and conductor. He was known for his considerable output of art songs and song cycles but also wrote operas, notably the one-act Penthesilea, premiered in Dresden in 1927, and instrumental works, including two string quartets and concertos for violin (for Stefi Geyer), cello and horn.
HMS Pylades
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Pylades after Pylades, a character in Greek mythology:

HMS Pylades (1781) was an 18-gun sloop, previously the Dutch privateer Hercules. She was captured in 1781 and broken up in 1790.

HMS Pylades (1794) was a 16-gun sloop launched in 1794. She was wrecked later that year, but salvaged and sold. The Admiralty repurchased her in 1796 and sold her in 1815.

HMS Pylades (1824) was an 18-gun sloop launched in 1824 and broken up in 1845.

HMS Pylades (1854) was a wooden screw corvette launched in 1854 and sold in 1875.

HMS Pylades (1884) was a Satellite-class composite screw corvette launched in 1884 and sold in 1906.

HMS Pylades (1916) was an Admiralty M-class destroyer launched in 1916 and sold in 1921.

HMS Pylades (J401) was a Catherine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and sunk in 1944 during the Normandy Campaign.

HMS Pylades (1781)
HMS Pylades was an 18-gun Dutch-built brig-sloop of the Royal Navy, launched in 1781. She was originally built as the privateer Hercules, which in November the British captured. She went on to serve during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and the subsequent years of peace.

The privateer was one of two captured in the North Sea at the same time, both of which the Royal Navy took into service. Pylades went on to serve under several commanders, spending most of her career sailing in the English Channel. She did not survive to see service in the French Revolutionary Wars, having been sold for breaking up in March 1790.
Dundee (surname)
Dundee is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Dundee (1921–2012), American boxing trainer

Bill Dundee (born 1943), ring name of Scottish–Australian professional wrestler William Cruickshanks

Jamie Dundee (born 1971), a ring name of James Cruickshanks, Australia-born American professional wrestler and son of Bill Dundee best known as J. C. Ice

Joe Dundee (1903–1982), Italian American boxer

John Dundee (1921–?), Northern Irish medical anesthesiologist

Johnny Dundee (1893–1965), Italian American boxer

Sean Dundee (born 1972), South African/German footballer

Vince Dundee (1907–1949), Italian American boxer

Johnny Dundee
Johnny "The Scotch Wop" Dundee (November 19, 1893 – April 22, 1965) was an American featherweight and the first world junior lightweight champion boxer who fought from 1910 until 1932. He was inducted into the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame in 1957 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame class of 1991.
KIDN-FM
KIDN-FM (95.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Hayden, Colorado, United States.  The station is owned by Patricia MacDonald Garber and Peter Benedetti and the broadcast license is held by AlwaysMountainTime, LLC.

It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format branded as "The Lift FM" to the Steamboat Springs, Colorado, area.

The station was assigned the KIDN call sign by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on April 10, 1992.

The station's original format is unknown. Until 2010, the station was known as "Jack FM" then adopted its "KIDN The Mountain" branding. However, the website redirects to http://alwaysmountaintime.com/kidn/ which shows "The Lift FM" as its current branding.

Hayden, Colorado
The Town of Hayden is a home rule municipality located in Routt County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 1,941 at the 2020 United States census. Hayden is a part of the Steamboat Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town sits along U.S. Highway 40 in the Yampa River Valley between Craig and  Steamboat Springs. Hayden is located near the Yampa Valley Regional Airport, by which Hayden is one of the smallest communities in the U.S. to have mainline passenger jet service provided by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Southwest Airlines, Alaska Airlines, JetBlue and United Airlines on a scheduled basis (some of these airlines fly there only seasonally).