hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allan Hawke
Allan Douglas Hawke AC (18 February 1948 – 31 August 2022) was an Australian senior public servant and diplomat.

During his public service career, Hawke served as Chief of Staff to Prime Minister Paul Keating; Secretary of the Department of Veterans' Affairs (1994–1996); Secretary of the Department of Transport and Regional Services (1996–1999); and Secretary of the Department of Defence (1999–2002). Hawke was then appointed High Commissioner to New Zealand (2003–2005), and subsequently Chancellor of the Australian National University (2006–2008).

Hawke was Chairman of the Canberra Raiders Board of Directors.

Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)
The Department of Veterans' Affairs is a department of the Australian Government, established in 1976, and charged with the responsibility of delivering government programs for veterans, as well as members of the Australian Defence Force, Australian Federal Police, and their dependants.

The current Secretary of the Department of Veterans' Affairs is Alison Frame, who succeeded Elizabeth Cosson as secretary on 23 January 2023.

For administrative purposes, the department forms part of the Defence portfolio. The Minister for Defence acts on behalf of the Minister for Veterans' Affairs within the Cabinet.

The head of the department is the Secretary of the Department of Veterans' Affairs, who is responsible to the Minister for Veterans' Affairs, the Minister for Defence Personnel, and the Assistant Minister for Veterans' Affairs. The Secretary of the Department also has responsibility for the Repatriation Commission and the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Commission.
Why Didn't Anybody Tell Me It Would Become This Bad in Afghanistan
Why Didn't Anybody Tell Me It Would Become This Bad in Afghanistan (Dutch: Waarom heeft niemand mij verteld dat het zo erg zou worden in Afghanistan) is the first narrative feature film shot with a mobile phone, directed by Cyrus Frisch. As a recording device, Frisch used the Samsung Sharp 902 and Sharp 903 Camera phones resolution with two Megapixels. The protagonist of Why Didn't Anybody, an Afghanistan veteran played by Frisch himself, films everyday images on his cell phone while he himself slowly loses his mind.

The film premiered at major film festivals: the International Film Festival Rotterdam 2007 (WP), Tribeca Film Festival 2007 (IP), the San Francisco International Film Festival 2007, Pesaro 2007, and many others.

It was mostly filmed in the Netherlands.

Image resolution
Image resolution is the level of detail of an image. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. "Higher resolution" means more image detail.
Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, TV lines, or TVL), or to angular subtense. Instead of single lines, line pairs are often used, composed of a dark line and an adjacent light line; for example, a resolution of 10 lines per millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per millimeter (5 LP/mm). Photographic lens are most often quoted in line pairs per millimeter.
Oklahoma State Highway 33
State Highway 33 (SH-33 or OK-33) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is a major highway that traverses most of the state, and at one time traversed its entirety. Its general orientation is west to east.

Sapulpa, Oklahoma
Sapulpa is a city in and the county seat of Creek County, extending partly into Tulsa County, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 21,929 at the time of the 2020 census, compared with 20,544 at the 2010 census.
James R. Mead (judge)
James R. Mead (c. 1861 – January 9, 1934) was a Connecticut state senator and judge.

His parents were Benjamin C. And Mary E. Ritch Mead.  He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut.  He married Elizabeth M. Stone, who survived him.  He served in both the Connecticut state senate (from the Twenty-Seventh District) and the Connecticut General Assembly.  He spent fourteen years in Greenwich as a judge.

Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Connecticut's affluent Gold Coast. Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and financial services firms due to its residential setting and proximity to Manhattan.

Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County, and is part of both the greater New York metropolitan area and the Western Connecticut Planning Region. The town is the southwesternmost municipality in both the State of Connecticut and the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.
Duck Puddle
Duck Puddle, or Duckpuddle, is a minor, 1.032-kilometre (0.641 mi) long river (brook) and drainage ditch of the Pevensey Levels in the civil parish of Westham, Wealden District of East Sussex, England. It joins Winters Cut and gives rise to a portion of Otham Court Ditch. Rising just north of the A27 road—forming the boundary between the civil parish of Polegate—Duck Puddle flows northeasterly for most of its course.

Pevensey Levels
Pevensey Levels is a 3,603.2-hectare (8,904-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Bexhill-on-Sea and Hailsham in East Sussex. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, a Ramsar site and a Special Area of Conservation. An area of 183.5 hectares (453 acres) is a national nature reserve and an area of 150 hectares (370 acres) is a nature reserve called Pevensey Marshes which is managed by the Sussex Wildlife Trust.

This is a large area of wetland grazing meadows intersected by a network of ditches. It has many nationally rare invertebrates. It may be the best site in Britain for freshwater mollusc fauna, including the endangered shining ram's-horn snail. It also has one nationally rare and several nationally scarce aquatic plants and it is of national importance for lapwing, with more than 1% of the British population.
Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
The men's marathon at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, took place on August 30 of that year, over a distance of 24 miles 1500 yards (40 km).

The race was run during the hottest part of the day on dusty country roads with minimal water supply; while 32 athletes coming from seven nations (the United States, France, Cuba, Greece, the Orange River Colony, Great Britain, and Canada) competed, only 14 managed to complete the race, which was a bizarre affair due to poor organization and officiating. While Frederick Lorz was greeted as the apparent winner, he was later disqualified as he had hitched a ride in a car for part of the race. The actual winner, Thomas Hicks, was near collapse and hallucinating by the end of the race, a side effect of being administered brandy, raw eggs, and strychnine by his trainers. The fourth-place finisher, Andarín Carvajal, took a nap during the race after eating spoiled apples.

Orange River Colony
The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after Britain first occupied (1900) and then annexed (1902) the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War. The colony ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province.
Michael Delany (rugby union)
Michael Gilbert Delaney (1872 – 1938) was an Irish international rugby union player.

Delaney was educated at Blackrock College, with which he won a Leinster Junior Cup.

A diminutive halfback, Delaney was a mere 5 ft 4 in and 9 stone, but even against his larger opponents was regarded as having a strong defensive game. He joined Bective Rangers in 1892 and formed a halfback partnership with Louis Magee. His only Ireland cap came playing beside Magee in a 1895 Home Nations match against Wales at Cardiff.

Delany became an international rugby referee.

Blackrock College
Blackrock College (Irish: Coláiste na Carraige Duibhe) is a voluntary day and boarding Catholic secondary school for boys aged 13–18, in Williamstown, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland. It was founded by French missionary Jules Leman in 1860 as a school and later became also a civil service training centre.

The college, 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) from Dublin city centre, is just in from the sea, and is self-contained, with boarding and teaching facilities in 56 acres of parkland. It accommodates approximately 1,000 day and boarding students. As of 2023, Blackrock is run by the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, in close co-operation with a dedicated group of lay personnel.
Cirrochroa malaya
Cirrochroa malaya is an Indomalayan species of heliconiine butterfly described by Cajetan and Rudolf Felder in 1860.
C. emalea and C. malaya have much in common, as regards the general design, the distribution of the black spots in the median area of the hindwings and the submarginal spots in the apical portion of the 
forewings beneath. On the other hand malaya differs essentially in the absence of the yellow patch before the apex and more still in the complete want of black scales upon the veins on the upper surface of the forewings. On the under surface of the forewing the discal band increases but slightly as it approaches the costa, while on the hindwing the median band remains unchanged from costa to the anal angle showing no contraction whatsoever. Also the sexual organs are different. Uncus weak, pointed, not curved distally. Valve smaller and shorter, with dorsally incurved appendage.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
LK421
The LK421 was a detachable computer keyboard manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts and supplied as an option to the standard LK401 keyboard with their DEC 3000 AXP workstations. The keyboard is optimized for use with the Digital Unix line of operating systems, instead of the OpenVMS operating system for which the LK401 was more suitable.

The keyboard is notable for the standard position of the Control key for use with Unix operating systems and an Escape key. The keyboard has two compose keys. There is no separate numeric keypad or edit key group. The functionality of the missing keys is implemented by some standard keys having a dual function. The user holds down the Extend key and presses the key with the appropriate legend on the front of a standard key to access the additional functions.

Tru64 UNIX
Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq, and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where it was known as Digital UNIX (originally DEC OSF/1 AXP).

As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF/1 operating system. DEC's previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD.

It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. (Other UNIX and UNIX-like implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are GNU Hurd, NeXTSTEP, MkLinux, and Darwin.)

Tru64 UNIX required the SRM boot firmware found on Alpha-based computer systems.
Convolution for optical broad-beam responses in scattering media
Photon transport theories in Physics, Medicine, and Statistics (such as the Monte Carlo method), are commonly used to model light propagation in tissue.  The responses to a pencil beam incident on a scattering medium are referred to as Green's functions or impulse responses.  Photon transport methods can be directly used to compute broad-beam responses by distributing photons over the cross section of the beam.  However, convolution can be used in certain cases to improve computational efficiency.

Impulse response
In signal processing and control theory, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse (δ(t)). More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change. In both cases, the impulse response describes the reaction of the system as a function of time (or possibly as a function of some other independent variable that parameterizes the dynamic behavior of the system).

In all these cases, the dynamic system and its impulse response may be actual physical objects, or may be mathematical systems of equations describing such objects.

Since the impulse function contains all frequencies (see the Fourier transform of the Dirac delta function, showing infinite frequency bandwidth that the Dirac delta function has), the impulse response defines the response of a linear time-invariant system for all frequencies.
Victus
Victus, the Fall of Barcelona is a historical novel by the Catalan anthropologist Albert Sánchez Piñol published by HarperCollins in September 2014. It is based in the fictitious biography of Lieutenant Colonel Marti Zuviria who, being 98, tells from Vienna his memories as an engineer serving the commander Antoni de Villarroel  during the War of the Spanish Succession, especially during the Siege of Barcelona.

The book was originally written in Spanish, but was quickly translated into Catalan and many other languages, including English. Since its original publication in October 2012, the book has sold more than 200,000 copies either in Catalan or Spanish, and the rights of translation have been sold for the book to be translated into Russian, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, French, Korean, and Croatian. In 2015, the author published the novel's sequel, Vae Victus.

Siege of Barcelona (1713–1714)
The siege of Barcelona (Catalan: Setge de Barcelona, IPA: [ˈsedʒə ðə βəɾsəˈlonə]) was a 13 month battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession, which pitted Archduke Charles of Austria (backed by Great Britain and the Netherlands, i.e. the Grand Alliance) against Philip V of Spain, backed by France in a contest for the Spanish crown. The capitulation of Barcelona represented the fall of the last pro-Habsburg stronghold in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as the end of the separate status of the Principality of Catalonia.
Gremyachinsk
Gremyachinsk (Russian: Гремя́чинск) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, located 174 kilometers (108 mi) northeast of Perm, the administrative center of the krai. Population:  10,752 (2010 Census); 13,237 (2002 Census); 20,977 (1989 Soviet census).

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Norman B. Gray
Norman Briggs "Tiny" Gray (October 24, 1902 – June 22, 1976) was an American jurist who served as a justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court from January 7, 1963, to December 31, 1971.

He was born in Bloomfield, Nebraska, and received a law degree from the University of Nebraska in 1928. He entered private practice in Norfolk, Nebraska, but moved to Cheyenne, Wyoming the following year, where he practiced law for many years.

He was secretary of the Wyoming Public Service Commission from 1932 to 1938 and then a trial examiner for the Federal Power Commission in Washington D.C.from 1938 to 1942. Upon return home he served as Wyoming Attorney General from 1947 to 1950 and again from 1959 to 1962. He practiced law from 1954 to 1959 with, among others, John J. Hickey. He became a Supreme Court justice on January 7, 1963, and retired on December 31, 1971. He died in Cheyenne on June 22, 1976.

Norfolk, Nebraska
Norfolk is a city in Madison County, Nebraska, United States, 113 miles (182 km) northwest of Omaha and 76 miles southwest of Sioux City, Iowa, at the intersection of U.S. Routes 81 and 275. The population was 24,955 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in Nebraska. It is the principal city of the Norfolk Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The Incredible Detectives
The Incredible Detectives is a 1979 animated television special produced by Ruby-Spears Productions and based on the 1972 children's book by Don and Joan Caufield. It originally aired on ABC Weekend Special series on November 17, 1979.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Frattini
Frattini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo Frattini, sculptor

Franco Frattini, politician

Giovanni Frattini, mathematician
Frattini argument
Frattini subgroup

Francesco Frattini, cyclist

Pietro Frattini, Belfiore martyr

Enrico Frattini, general

Federico Frattini, scholar

Gianfranco Frattini, architect and designer

Cristiano Frattini, racing cyclist

Davide Frattini, cyclist

Víctor Frattini, basketball player

Marius Frattini, rugby league footballer

Eric Frattini, writer

Pierpaolo Frattini, rower

Frattini's argument
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, Frattini's argument is an important lemma in the structure theory of finite groups.  It is named after Giovanni Frattini, who used it in a paper from 1885 when defining the Frattini subgroup of a group. The argument was taken by Frattini, as he himself admits, from a paper of Alfredo Capelli dated 1884.
Joel Vaughn
Joel Allen Vaughn (born June 15, 1986) is an American Christian musician, who plays a Christian pop, Christian EDM, and Christian rock style of contemporary worship music. He has released three studio albums, Don't Give Up (2010), In the Waiting (2014), and Kinetic (2016), while he has released two extended plays, Bigger Than Me (2009) and Joel Vaughn (2015).

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Debbie Wosskow
Debbie Wosskow OBE is a multi exit entrepreneur, Chair, Non Executive Director and Business Advisor from Sheffield, UK. She is the former CEO of Love Home Swap, a subscription-based home exchange business, which she sold for $53m to Wyndham Destination Networks in July 2017. Debbie co-founded AllBright, a club and community that celebrates and connects women at work. Wosskow is also an influential advocate of the sharing economy and is the former Chair of Sharing Economy UK. In 2015 she led the independent government review ‘Unlocking the Sharing Economy’ - also known as the Wosskow Report.  She is a Member of the Mayor of London's Business Advisory Board and sits on the Board of the Women’s Fiction Prize. In 2016, she was awarded an OBE for services to business.

Sharing economy
The sharing economy is a socio-economic system whereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraging information technology and the Internet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services.

It can be facilitated by nonprofit organizations, usually based on the concept of book-lending libraries, in which goods and services are provided for free (or sometimes for a modest subscription) or by commercial entities, in which a company provides a service to customers for profit.

It relies on the will of the users to share and the overcoming of stranger danger.

It provides benefits, for example can lower the GHG emissions of products by 77%-85%.
Operation Iron Triangle
Operation Iron Triangle was a military operation in the Iraq War. The operation was led by Michael D. Steele in 2006 & SATCOM Operator number 0100. The operation targeted a suspected al-Qaeda in Iraq training facility southwest of the city of Samarra near the Muthana Chemical Complex south of Lake Tharthar.

Lake Tharthar
Lake Tharthar (also Therthar), and known in Iraq as Buhayrat ath-Tharthar (Arabic: بحيرة الثرثار), is an artificial lake created in 1956, situated 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Baghdad between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.
Puttita Supajirakul
Puttita Supajirakul (Thai: พุธิตา สุภจิรกุล; born 29 March 1996) is a Thai badminton player. She reached a career high as world number 9 in the women's doubles. Supajirakul was the women's doubles bronze medalists at the Asian, and World Juniors and also at the BWF World Championships. Together with Sapsiree Taerattanachai, she recorded as the first Thai women's doubles to medal at the World Championships. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Supajirakul was part of Thailand's gold medals-winning team at the 2015, 2017 and 2019 SEA Games in the women's team event. She also helped the national team win the silver medal in the 2018 Uber Cup, the bronze medals in the 2017 and 2019 Sudirman Cups, 2020 Uber Cup, 2018 Asian Games, 2016 Asia Women's Team and at the 2017 Asia Mixed Team Championships.

Supajirakul announced her retirement from the Thai national team through her social media account on 30 May 2023.

Badminton at the 2015 SEA Games
Badminton at the 2015 SEA Games is held in Singapore Indoor Stadium, in Kallang, Singapore from 10 to 16 June 2015. Seven competitions were held in men and women's singles and in men, women and mixed's doubles and in men and women's team.