hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dua's layer
Dua's layer, according to a 2013 paper by Harminder Singh Dua's group at the University of Nottingham, is a layer of the cornea that had not been detected previously.  It is hypothetically 15 micrometres (0.59 mils) thick, the fourth caudal layer, and located between the corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane. Despite its thinness, the layer is very strong and impervious to air. It is strong enough to withstand up to 2 bars (200 kPa) of pressure. While some scientists welcomed the announcement, other scientists cautioned that time was needed for other researchers to confirm the discovery and its significance. Others have met the claim "with incredulity".

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
RBS TV Bagé
RBS TV Bagé (channel 6) is a television station in Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, affiliated with TV Globo, member of RBS TV and owned by Grupo RBS. RBS TV Bagé's studios and transmitter are located on Rua do Acampamento, in Passo do Príncipe district.

Bagé
Bagé (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐˈʒɛ]) is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In 2020, its population was 121,335 in a total area of 4,096 km2. It is the seventeenth largest city in the state according to the 2011 census. The city was founded in 1811 and given city status in 1859. Due to its strategic border location, Bagé has remained of significant military importance. Prior to official reorganization as a city, Bagé was seized by military forces from Uruguay and Argentina.

Primary industries located in the surrounding area are cattle and sheep ranching, as well as meat packing industries and wool depots. Recently, Bagé has become one of the largest wheat-producing areas in Rio Grande do Sul. Along with wheat, soybeans are also grown in the surrounding region.
Heeze railway station
Heeze is a railway station in Heeze, Netherlands. The station opened on 1 May 1977 and is on the Eindhoven–Weert railway. The services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The first station was 1 km away from its current location and was called Heeze-Leende. This station opened on 1 November 1913 and closed on 1 May 1977, although was closed for 2 months in 1945.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Sorensen's Resort
Sorensen's Resort is a mountain resort located just east of Hope Valley in Alpine County, California. Situated on a wide meadow in the upper reaches of Woodfords Canyon alongside the West Fork of the Carson River, the resort consists of a cluster of more than 30 wooden cabins of various sizes and configurations. Founded in 1916, the resort is open year-round.

Carson River
The Carson River is a northwestern Nevada river that empties into the Carson Sink, an endorheic basin.  The main stem of the river is 131 miles (211 km) long although the addition of the East Fork makes the total length 205 miles (330 km), traversing five counties: Alpine County in California and Douglas, Storey, Lyon, and Churchill Counties in Nevada, as well as the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City, Nevada. The river is named for Kit Carson, who guided John C. Frémont's expedition westward up the Carson Valley and across Carson Pass in winter, 1844. The river made the National Priorities List (NPL) on October 30, 1990 as the Carson River Mercury Superfund site (CRMS) due to investigations that showed trace amounts of mercury in the wildlife and watershed sediments.
Tu Recuerdo (Ilegales song)
"Tu Recuerdo" is a 2000 single by Ilegales composed by Vladimir Dotel from the album On Time. It was released in March 2001 and was No.14 on the Latin Pop Airplay on July 28 2001. The track featured on the multi-artist collections Verano 2001 (Ariola, 2001), Radio Hits..Es Musica! (EMI, 2001) and People en Espanol (WEA, 2002) as well as the Ilegales compilation The Best of Ilegales (RCA 2004). At the 2002 Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony, it received a nomination for Tropical Song of the Year.

Ilegales
Ilegales (also called Los Ilegales, "The Illegals") is a Grammy-nominated Dominican merenhouse group, which is one of the main exponents that helped to introduce and establish the merenhouse to the mainstream and get an international audience. The band is well known by hits such as "La Morena", "Taki Taki", "Tu Recuerdo", "La Otra" and "Chucucha". They were one of the first merenhouse acts to perform at Viña del Mar International Song Festival in 1998 and 2003.

Ilegales is one of the best selling Dominican acts, receiving gold and platinum certifications across Latin America, and winning Latin Billboard Music awards, Soberano Awards, and receiving nominations to the Grammy Awards and Latin Grammy Awards on several occasions.

The group is led by singer-songwriter Vladimir Dotel and also includes David Diaz and Junior Pimentel.
The Pinnacle (Cape Breton)
The Pinnacle is a Canadian peak in the Cape Breton Highlands, with an elevation of 530 metres (1,740 ft).  The Pinnacle is the second highest elevation point in the province of Nova Scotia, and the highest in Inverness County, Nova Scotia.

The Pinnacle is located within the Cape Breton Highlands National Park. The Pinnacle is part of the Cape Breton Highlands plateau and is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Chéticamp, and 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of Ingonish, Cape Breton Island. Its nearest neighbour, of almost the same height, is the Bakeapple Barren Northeast, which lies just 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east. The Pinnacle is only 13.4 kilometres (8.3 mi) from White Hill, the highest point in Nova Scotia, further off to the east.

This peak is the highpoint of Rocky Barren, which lies at the headwaters of the MacKenzies and Chéticamp rivers on Cape Breton Highlands.

Inverness County, Nova Scotia
Inverness County is a historical county and census division of Nova Scotia, Canada located on Cape Breton Island. Local government is provided by the Municipality of the County of Inverness, the town of Port Hawkesbury and the Whycocomagh 2 Waycobah First Nation reserve.
Karusellen (radio programme)
Karusellen, originally Lördagskväll, was a Sveriges Radio entertainment programme originally airing on 27 January 1951, and led by Lennart Hyland

One of the most famous events in the history of the programme was when Swedish bandy player Gösta Nordgren appeared on 26 January 1952. performing the song "Flottarkärlek" live.

Gösta "Snoddas" Nordgren
Gösta Nordgren (30 December 1926 – 18 February 1981), known as Snoddas, was a Swedish entertainer (singer, actor) and bandy player. Born in Arbrå, Gävleborg County, Snoddas was by profession a timber rafter, which he also sings about in his most famous song "Flottarkärlek" (1952) which became the best selling song up till that time in Sweden with over 300.000 records sold. Snoddas played bandy for Bollnäs GIF. As an actor Snoddas starred in two Åsa-Nisse films in 1952 and 1967.
The Verdict
The Verdict is a 1982 American legal drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and written by David Mamet, adapted from Barry Reed's 1980 novel of the same name. The film stars Paul Newman as a down-on-his-luck alcoholic lawyer in Boston who accepts a medical malpractice case, initially to make money and improve his own tenuous situation, but he discovers while working the case that he is doing the right thing and serving justice. Charlotte Rampling, Jack Warden, James Mason, Milo O'Shea and Lindsay Crouse appear in supporting roles.

The Verdict garnered critical acclaim and box office success. It was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Newman), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Mason), and Best Adapted Screenplay.

Academy Award for Best Picture
The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Academy is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot. The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.

The Grand Staircase columns at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, where the Academy Awards ceremonies have been held since 2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception. There have been 621 films nominated for Best Picture and 97 winners.
Mark Zabel
Mark Zabel (born 12 August 1973 in Calbe, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German sprint canoeist and Surfski Champion. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won three medals in the K-4 1000 m event with one gold (1996) and two silvers (2000, 2004).

Zabel also won thirteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with six golds (K-4 500 m: 1998, 1999; K-4 1000 m: 1995, 1997, 1998, 2001), four silvers (K-4 500 m: 1995, 1997; K-4 1000 m: 1999, 2002), and three bronzes (K-4 200 m: 1995, 1997; K-4 1000 m: 2003).

Zabel retired in July 2005 and has now become a coach. He is 190 cm tall and raced at 86 kg (189 lbs).

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Baringaspis
Baringaspis is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish from the Early Devonian period. The type species Baringaspis dineleyi was described in 1973, and was found in the Peel Sound Formation on Prince of Wales Island in Arctic Canada.

It is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below:

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Brian Bayeye
Brian Jephte Bayeye Kifutu (born 30 June 2000) is a professional footballer who played as a right back or right wing-back for  Championnat National club Villefranche. Born in France, he plays for the DR Congo national team.

Championnat National
The Championnat National (English: French National Championship), commonly referred to as simply National or Division 3, is the third division of the French football league system behind Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. Contested by 18 clubs, the Championnat National operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Ligue 2 and the Championnat National 2, the fourth division of French football.

Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 34 games each, totalling 306 games in the season. Most games are played on Fridays and Saturdays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January.
Friesland Porzellan
Friesland Porzellanfabrik GmbH & Co. KG, based in Varel-Rahling, Germany, in the Friesland district, is a German manufacturer of porcelain, stoneware and earthenware, in particular coffee and table services for everyday and upscale needs. It was originally founded in 1953 as a subsidiary of Melitta-Werke Bentz & Sohn producing under the "Melitta" label. In 1982, they started to also manufacture under their own "Friesland Germany" brand, finally becoming independent of Melitta in 1995. After several restructures in the 2000s, Friesland Porzellanfabrik GmbH was taken over by the Dutch company Royal Goedewaagen in spring 2019. The headquarters of the new corporate group RGW Friesland Porzellan Gruppe is still in Varel. The Royal Goedewaagen Group became the Bornego Group in 2021.

Food service
The food service (US English) or catering (British and Commonwealth English) industry includes the businesses, institutions, and companies which prepare meals outside the home. It includes restaurants, grocery stores, school and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, and many other formats.

Suppliers to food service operators are food service distributors, who provide small wares (kitchen utensils) and foods. Some companies manufacture products in both consumer and food service versions. The consumer version usually comes in individual-sized packages with elaborate label design for retail sale. The food service version is packaged in a much larger industrial size and often lacks the colorful label designs of the consumer version.
Gareth Higgins
Gareth Higgins is a writer from Belfast, Northern Ireland now living in Asheville, North Carolina. He is the founding director of the Wild Goose Festival.

He is a graduate in sociology from Queen's University of Belfast (BA, PhD). He was a co-founder (in 1998) of the zero28 Project, a faith-based peace and justice initiative in Northern Ireland. He has written and spoken widely on religion and conflict, art and spirituality and film, with his work appearing in The Independent, The Irish Times, Sojourners, and Third Way Magazine, among others.

He appears regularly on BBC Radio, and he and Jett Loe co-present a film review podcast called 'The Film Talk'.

Sojourners
Sojourners is a progressive monthly magazine and daily online publication of the American Christian social justice organization Sojourners, which arose out of the Sojourners Community. It was first published in 1971 under the original title of The Post-American. The magazine and online publication feature reporting, commentary, and analysis on Christianity and politics, the church and social issues, social justice, and Christian living. Articles frequently feature coverage of fair trade, interfaith dialogue, peacemaking, and work to alleviate poverty. The offices of the magazine are in Washington, D.C.

Julie Polter has served as editor-in-chief since September 2022. She followed Sandi Villarreal, who was named in August 2020. Adam Russell Taylor succeeded founder Jim Wallis as president in November 2020.
National Movie Awards
The National Movie Awards (NMA) was a British film awards ceremony broadcast by ITV in which the winners of the awards were chosen via popular vote. The awards were initiated in 2007 following the success of the National Television Awards, the highest-rating awards ceremony for television. The winners were voted for by the public over the internet, phone and by filling in a form which had been made available at UK cinemas.

The first three ceremonies were held at the Royal Festival Hall in London, with the fourth and final (to date) ceremony taking place at Wembley Arena, London. The awards were originally axed in 2009 but returned in 2010. They were axed again by ITV in March 2012.

Wembley Arena
Wembley Arena (/ˈwɛmbli/) (originally the Empire Pool, currently known as OVO Arena Wembley for sponsorship reasons) is an indoor arena next to Wembley Stadium in Wembley,  Greater London, England.  The 12,500-seat facility is Greater London's second-largest indoor arena after the O2 Arena, and the ninth-largest in the United Kingdom.

The Empire Pool (also known as Empire Pool and Sports Arena) was built for the 1934 British Empire Games by Arthur Elvin. As its original name suggested, it was where the games' swimming events were held. The pool was last used for the 1948 Summer Olympics. The modern arena is now used as a venue for music, comedy, family entertainment and sport.
Arthur Lynch (mayor)
Arthur Lynch (Mayor), 22nd Mayor of Galway, died 20 November 1507.

Lynch was a member of one of The Tribes of Galway, and was notable as the first of the Mayors of the town to die in office.

He was elected in August 1507 and sworn in the following month.

The circumstances of his death were as follows: accompanied by his bailiffs, Anthony Lynch and William Joyce, he was making his way home from an inn in an intoxicated state when they fell off the town's Great West Bridge and drowned in the Corrib.

It is not known who replaced him as mayor, but Stephen Lynch was Mayor of the term 1508–1509.

Substance intoxication
Substance intoxication is a transient condition of altered consciousness and behavior associated with recent use of a substance. It is often maladaptive and impairing, but reversible. If the symptoms are severe, the term "substance intoxication delirium" may be used. Slang terms for the state include: getting high (generic), and being stoned, cooked, or fried (usually in reference to cannabis).

Substance intoxication may often accompany a substance use disorder (SUD); if persistent substance-related problems exist, SUD is the preferred diagnosis.

The term "intoxication" in common use most often refers to alcohol intoxication, or drug addiction usually opioids consisting of an overdose; resulting in death.
Bernard Tolia
Bernard Tolia is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party; he represents the constituency of Tsihombe.

He had also been the mayor of Anjapaly.

National Assembly (Madagascar)
The National Assembly (Malagasy: Antenimieram-Pirenena; French: Assemblée Nationale) is the lower house of the Parliament of Madagascar. The Assembly has 163 members, elected for five-year terms in single-member and two-member constituencies.

The Parliament of Madagascar has two chambers. The other chamber is the Senate (Antenimieran-Doholona/Sénat), which has 18 members, 12 of which are indirectly elected (one from each district of Madagascar), with 6 more being appointed.
Family Affairs (1949 TV serial)
Family Affairs is the first television serial. It was broadcast by BBC Television in fourteen episodes from 1949–1950.

Among the actors who appeared in this comedy series are Daphne Oxenford, Heather Chasen and Michael Shepley. Chasen and Shepley had minor roles.

The episodes of Family Affairs are lost broadcasts; no recordings are known to remain.

Heather Chasen
Heather Jean Chasen (20 July 1927 – 22 May 2020) was an English actress, known for her roles in soap operas; playing Valerie Pollard in the ITV soap opera, Crossroads, from 1982 to 1986 and guest roles in Doctors, Holby City and Family Affairs. Chasen also played many roles in BBC Radio 2's The Navy Lark from 1959 to 1977, and appeared in the television series Marked Personal from 1973 to 1974. She played the recurring role of Lydia Simmonds in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, a role which received positive reviews from critics and EastEnders crew and cast members. Furthermore, she appeared extensively in theatre productions and film; in 2012, she appeared in a film version of Les Misérables.
Parthian style
The Parthian style is a style (sabk) of historical Iranian architecture defined by Mohammad Karim Pirnia.

This architectural style includes designs from the Seleucid (310–140 BCE), Parthian (247 BCE – 224 CE), and Sassanid (224–651 CE) eras, reaching its apex of development in the Sassanid period.

Examples of this style are Ghal'eh Dokhtar, the royal compounds at Nysa, Anahita Temple, Khorheh, Hatra, the Ctesiphon vault of Kasra, Bishapur, and the Palace of Ardashir in Ardeshir Khwarreh (Firouzabad).

The Parthi style of architecture appeared after Alexander the Great's conquest of the Achaemenid Empire in the 3rd century BCE, and historically includes the Sassanid, Parthian, and post Islamic eras, up to the 9th–10th centuries. The remains of the architectural style of this period are not abundant, and although much was borrowed and incorporated from Greek designs and methods, architects and builders of this age employed many innovative concepts of their own as well.

Hatra
Hatra (/ˈhæ.trə/; Arabic: الحَضْر (Arabic pronunciation: [al.ˈħadˤr]); Syriac: ܚܛܪܐ) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq with an Arab ruling dynasty and a mixed populace which was largely ethnically indigenous Assyrian and Syriac-Aramaic speaking. The ruins of the city lie 290 km (180 mi) northwest of Baghdad and 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Mosul. It is considered the richest archaeological site from the Parthian Empire known to date.

Hatra was a strongly fortified caravan city and capital of the small Kingdom of Hatra, located between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires. Hatra flourished in the 2nd century, and was destroyed by the Sassanid Empire and deserted in the 3rd century alongside other Neo-Assyrian populated states such as Assur, Adiabene, Osroene and Beth Nuhadra. Its ruins were discovered in the 19th century.
Vitamin She (2020 film)
Vitamin She is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film written and directed by V. Jayashankarr who made his debut directional with Paper Boy Movie and produced by Ravi Kumar Polishetty under the banner Full Moon Media Production. The film features Srikanth Gurram and Prachi Thaker in lead roles with Ranjit Reddy and Sanjeev Joshi in pivotal roles. Music composed by P.V.R. Raja. The movie was filmed during the lockdown and released on MX Player and Amazon Prime Video.

Paper Boy
Paper Boy is a 2018 Telugu-language romantic drama film written and produced by Sampath Nandi and directed by V. Jayashankarr. The leading actors are Santosh Sobhan, Riya Suman, and Tanya Hope. It was released on 31 August 2018.
Ceres, Iowa
Ceres is an unincorporated community in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. Ceres once had a post office, which has since been abandoned. The county seat of Elkader lies approximately 11 miles to the west.

Elkader, Iowa
Elkader /ɛlˈkeɪdər/ is a city in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,209 at the time of the 2020 census, down from 1,465 in 2000. It is the county seat of Clayton County. It is the site of Iowa's lowest recorded minimum temperature, −44 °C (−47 °F) on February 3, 1996.