hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cauquenes River
The Cauquenes River is a tributary of the Perquilauquén River, and traverses Cauquenes Province, in the Maule Region of Chile. It is born in the Cordillera de la Costa, near Cauquenes. After passing to the south of the latter city it is joined by the Tutuvén River. In its lower course receives only a few minor streams before flowing into the Perquilauquén, a tributary of the Maule River.

Like the Purapel, the Cauquenes River is one of the few rivers that flow eastward, in a country where the overwhelming majority of rivers flow east-to-west.

Chilean Coast Range
The Chilean Coast Range (Spanish: Cordillera de la Costa) is a mountain range that runs from north to south along the Pacific coast of South America parallel to the Andean Mountains, extending from Morro de Arica in the north to Taitao Peninsula, where it ends at the Chile triple junction, in the south. The range has a strong influence on the climate of Chile since it produces a rain shadow to the east. Because of this the vegetation growing on the seaward slopes is much more exuberant than in the interior. Compared to the coastal lowlands and the Intermediate Depression, it is sparsely populated with land use varying from protected areas to grazing and silviculture. The range is present in all Chilean regions, except for Coquimbo Region and Magallanes Region.
John of Padua
John of Padua (recorded active between 1543 and 1557) was an elusive figure of the English Renaissance who was employed at the courts of Henry VIII and his successor, Edward VI, during a period in which numerous foreign architects and artisans arrived in England, bringing with them the new concepts and evolutions of the Italian Renaissance as it spread across Europe. He disappears from the records after 1557.

John of Padua, John Thorpe and Robert Smythson were near contemporaries all working in the currently evolving English Renaissance style in an age of often poor record keeping. As a result, their works have become blurred and there is debate over whose hand was responsible for which building, and John of Padua has become a mysterious and enigmatic figure in English architectural history. Sir John Summerson warned of this phenomenon, however, that "when it comes to the test of building accounts we find that very little indeed can be ascribed to foreign hands."

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
Michaluk
Michaluk is the surname of the following people

Art Michaluk (1923-2006), Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman

John Michaluk (1928-1998), Canadian professional ice hockey left winger

John Michaluk (born c. 1942), Canadian football player

Art Michaluk
Arthur Michaluk (May 4, 1923 – March 14, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 5 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1947–48 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1945 to 1948, was spent in the minor leagues.

Michaluk was born in Canmore, Alberta. Before his hockey career, he served with the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War and later worked for the Calgary Police Service for 23 years. He died of cancer on March 14, 2006. Art was the brother of NHL hockey player John Michaluk.
Herculanus
Herculanus can refer to:

St. Herculanus of Brescia

St. Herculanus of Perugia (Sant' Ercolano)

St. Herculanus of Piegaro

Sts. Taurinus and Herculanus, martyrs of Ostia in the 5th century, see Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls

Flavius Bassus Herculanus, a senator betrothed to Justa Grata Honoria

Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
The Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura, Latin: Basilica Sancti Pauli extra mœnia) is one of Rome's four major papal basilicas, along with the basilicas of Saint John in the Lateran, Saint Peter's, and Saint Mary Major, as well as one of the city's Seven Pilgrim Churches. The basilica is the conventual church of the adjacent Benedictine abbey. It lies within Italian territory, but the Holy See owns the basilica and it is part of the Vatican's extraterritoriality.

One of the oldest church sites in Rome, it was constructed outside the city's Aurelian Walls at what tradition holds to be the burial site of Saint Paul. It suffered a catastrophic fire in the 19th century and the present building was completed in 1840.
Barry Metcalf (cricketer)
Barry Metcalf (born 30 September 1960) is a former Welsh cricketer.  Metcalf was a left-handed batsman.  He was born in Connah's Quay, Flintshire.

Metcalf made his debut for Wales Minor Counties in the 1991 Minor Counties Championship against Cheshire.  He played Minor counties cricket for Wales Minor Counties from 1991 to 1993, which included 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He made his only List A appearance for Wales Minor Counties against Sussex in the NatWest Trophy. In this match, he scored 30 before being dismissed by Ian Salisbury.

Connah's Quay
Connah's Quay (Welsh: Cei Connah), known locally as "The Quay" and formerly known as Wepre, is a town and community in Flintshire, on the River Dee and next to the border with England. 
With a population of 16,771, it is the largest town in Flintshire. The town is also part of the wider Deeside conurbation and is contiguous with Shotton, Flint and Buckley.

It is located 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Chester and 19 miles (31 km) south of Liverpool also close to the Wirral. Just south of the River Dee and town is the Deeside Industrial Park. Additionally, Tata has a steelworks on the town's border on the north bank of the River Dee. Wepre Woods, an ancient woodland in the town, is controlled by Flintshire County Council's Ranger Service and includes Ewloe Castle which dates from the 13th century.
Shane Buechele
Shane Buechele (born January 8, 1998) is an American professional football quarterback for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns and SMU Mustangs, then signing with the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2021.

Texas Longhorns football
The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.

With over 950 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .704, the Longhorns rank 5th and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the program claims 4 national championships, 34 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (63 consensus and 27 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
Bob Chatt
Robert Samuel Chatt (August 1870 – c. 1955) was an English footballer who was a member of the Aston Villa team which won the Football League championship three times in the 1890s. Chatt was credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup final history, scored after just 30 seconds in the 1895 FA Cup final. This record stood for 114 years until Louis Saha of Everton scored after 25 seconds against Chelsea in the 2009 final. His brother, Fred, played for Burton Wanderers.

Chatt later won the FA Amateur Cup with Stockton and is the only player to have winner's medals for both the FA Cup and the FA Amateur Cup.

Burton Wanderers F.C.
Burton Wanderers Football Club were a football club based in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England. The club were members of the Football League for three seasons in the mid-1890s. In 1901 they merged with Burton Swifts to form Burton United. The club played at Derby Turn.
Phlobaphene
Phlobaphenes (or phlobaphens) are reddish, alcohol-soluble and water-insoluble phenolic substances. They can be extracted from plants, or be the result from treatment of tannin extracts with mineral acids (tanner's red). The name phlobaphen come from the Greek roots φλoιὀς (phloios) meaning bark and βαφή (baphe) meaning dye.

No biological activities have currently been reported for phlobaphenes.  They are converted into humins in soils.

Mineral acid
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds, as opposed to organic acids which are acidic, organic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base when dissolved in water.
Cawarong
Cawarong or Tsawarong (Tibetan: ཚ་བ་རོང་།, Wylie: tsha ba rong, ZYPY: Cawarong; Chinese: 察瓦龙; pinyin: Cháwǎlóng) is a township in Zayü County, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies at an altitude of 2,003 metres (6,574 feet). Formerly known as Tsarung, it was traditionally a southern gateway and trade route into Tibet from Yunnan, forming part of the tea-horse road (茶马古道 Chá-Mǎ Gǔdào). It is a very arid area with little rainfall. An unsealed road cut into the cliffs above the Nu River links it to Bingzhongluo in Yunnan. Cawarong is a major step on the Khora of the Khawa Karpo.

Zayu County
Zayul County
(Tibetan: རྫ་ཡུལ་རྫོང) or Zayü (Chinese: 察隅县) is a county in the Nyingchi Prefecture in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

The historical Zayul region is marked by the basin of the Zayul River, with its two branches: Rongto Chu (or the western Zayul River) and Zayul Chu (or the eastern Zayul River). The two branches join near the town of Rima. After the junction, the Zayul river enters India's Arunachal Pradesh where it is called Lohit.

The Zayul county borders India and Burma to the south and China's Yunnan province to the southeast. To the northeast lies the Pome County and to the northwest the Medog County. The county's headquarter located at Kyigang Village, Zhowagoin Town.
Liam Butcher
Liam Butcher is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Sonny Bottomley for two months in 1998 and 1999, twins Jack and Tom Godolphin from 1999, Gavin and Mitchell Vaughan in 2002, and Nathaniel Gleed from 2002 to 2004. Upon his reintroduction in 2008, the character was portrayed by James Forde. Liam is the son of Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer) and Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) and his stories have mostly revolved around his family. The character took a six-month break in 2012 for story purposes. Following his return, producers used Liam in a story about gangs, working with the charity Comic Relief. Forde was written out permanently in 2015 and Liam departs in the episode first broadcast on 17 August 2015. Liam was reintroduced for a short stint in 2021, with the role recast to Alfie Deegan.

Maisie Smith
Maisie Louise Collender Smith (born 9 July 2001) is an English actress and singer. She appeared in the feature film The Other Boleyn Girl (2008) and played the regular role of Tiffany Butcher in the BBC soap opera EastEnders from 2008 to 2014. In November 2016, Smith temporarily returned to EastEnders for a guest stint, before making a full-time return in January 2018. In October 2021 it was announced that she would once again be leaving EastEnders and her final scenes aired in December of that year; she made a one-off appearance in March 2022 to aid the departure of Keegan Baker (Zack Morris). In 2020, she competed in the eighteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing alongside partner Gorka Marquez, reaching the final but losing out to Bill Bailey.
Rho Ursae Majoris
Rho Ursae Majoris (ρ UMa) is the Bayer designation for a solitary star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It is often faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.74. The distance to this star, based upon an annual parallax shift of 10.37 mas, is around 315 light years.

With a stellar classification of M3 III, this is a red giant star on the asymptotic giant branch. It is a suspected small amplitude variable. The measured angular diameter of the star after correcting for limb darkening is 5.64±0.15 mas, which, at the estimated distance of this star, yields a physical size of about 58 times the radius of the Sun. It is radiating 464 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of about 3,725 K. Based upon its motion through space, there is a 60.6% chance that this star is a member of the Sirius stream.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.
Nolina
Nolina is a genus of temperate and tropical xerophytic flowering plants belonging to the family Asparagaceae. The native distribution of the genus includes most of Mexico and the southern regions of the United States north to Nevada and Colorado. Especially in the USA, members of the genus are known as beargrass, some of which are cultivated as ornamental plants.

Nolina species grow large rosettes of many leaves, with many species forming large, erect trunks, with some species branching to contain multiple rosettes of leaves, while others are stemless. They are typically large plants, and are dioecious, with male and female flowers being produced on different plants.

The genus was named by André Michaux after the 18th century French arboriculturist Abbé C. P. Nolin. The type species is Nolina georgiana, the only species included by Michaux in the new genus he described; this is one of the stemless species, without any trunk.

Xerophyte
A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek  ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their tissues, during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adaptations are said to be xeromorphic. Xerophytes such as cacti are capable of withstanding extended periods of dry conditions as they have deep-spreading roots and capacity to store water. Their waxy, thorny leaves prevent loss of moisture.
Stalactite
A stalactite (UK: /ˈstæləkˌtaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæktaɪt/; from Ancient Greek  σταλακτός (stalaktós) 'dripping', from  σταλάσσειν (stalássein) 'to drip') is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or man-made structures such as bridges and mines. Any material that is soluble and that can be deposited as a colloid, or is in suspension, or is capable of being melted, may form a stalactite. Stalactites may be composed of lava, minerals, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats). A stalactite is not necessarily a speleothem, though speleothems are the most common form of stalactite because of the abundance of limestone caves.

The corresponding formation on the floor of the cave is known as a stalagmite.

Pack rat
A pack rat or packrat, also called a woodrat or trade rat, are any species in the North and Central American rodent genus Neotoma. Pack rats have a rat-like appearance, with long tails, large ears, and large, black eyes. Pack rats are noticeably larger than deer mice, harvest mice, and grasshopper mice, and are usually somewhat larger than cotton rats.
Rifled muzzle loader
A rifled muzzle loader (RML) is a type of artillery piece invented in the mid-19th century. In contrast to smooth bore cannon which preceded it, the rifling of the gun barrel allowed much greater range, accuracy and penetration as the spin induced to the shell gave it directional stability. During the 1860s and 1870s, Rifled Muzzle Loaders were used as field guns, naval guns, and fortress guns, until they were superseded by effective and reliable breech-loading weapons.

In naval service, the rifled muzzle loader and the concurrent rifled breech loader (RBL) generated a huge arms race in the late 19th century, with rapid advances in fortifications and ironclad warships.

Arms race
An arms race occurs when two or more groups compete in military superiority. It consists of a competition between two or more states to have superior armed forces, concerning production of weapons, the growth of a military, and the aim of superior military technology. Unlike a sporting race, which constitutes a specific event with winning interpretable as the outcome of a singular project, arms races constitute spiralling systems of on-going and potentially open-ended behavior.

The existing scholarly literature is divided as to whether arms races correlate with war. International-relations scholars explain arms races in terms of the security dilemma, engineering spiral models, states with revisionist aims, and deterrence models.
We Don't Make the Wind Blow
"We Don't Make the Wind Blow" is a song by Dutch duo The Common Linnets. The song was released in the Netherlands as a digital download on 1 May 2015 through Universal Music Group as the lead single from their second studio album II (2015). The song peaked at number 74 on the Dutch Singles Chart. It was the title song for the Dutch broadcast of the first season of American television series Wayward Pines in 2015 on Fox (Netherlands) as of May 14 accompanied with a music-special 'The Wayward Pines Sessions'.

Star Channel (Dutch TV channel)
Star Channel (formerly known as Fox) is a Dutch free-to-cable television channel operated by Eredivisie Media & Marketing CV in which The Walt Disney Company (Benelux) BV has 51% ownership. The channel launched as Fox on 19 August 2013. A Fox-branded channel had previously been available in the Netherlands between 1998 and 2001, which has since been rebranded to Veronica. The channel has a line-up consisting of television series, sporting events and films.
5 Rue Christine
5 Rue Christine (also known as 5RC) is a semi-defunct Olympia, Washington based independent record label, formed as a spin-off from the Kill Rock Stars label in 1997.  Before its dormancy, it had become a premier label for experimental rock bands. In 2007 5RC released its final record.

Experimental rock
Experimental rock (originally known as avant-garde rock or avant-rock) is a subgenre of rock music that emerged in the 1960s. The genre emphasizes innovation over commercial appeal, incorporating influences and ideas lifted from avant-garde music through traditional rock music instrumentation. It is primarily characterized by its use of unconventional song structures, musical techniques, rhythms and lyricism, usually deemed challenging, difficult, inaccessible or underground.
Baran, Pakistan
Baran is a village situated on the edge of Baran Nai, a hill torrent that ranges from the Sindh to Balochistan provinces of Pakistan, at the foot of the Kirthar Mountains range.

The population is approximated to be less than ten thousand with the 95% population being the Gabol Baloch tribe with Sardar Nabil Ahmed Khan Gabol as the tribal head.  Baran receives most of its precipitation from monsoon rains, and gives a very green looks as the rain water helps grow savannah. The region is rich in wildlife including the Sindh Ibex, deer, partridge, fox, hare and many species of small birds. The area is believed to be rich in fossil fuels as the China National Petroleum Company has set up a permanent base there, claiming to have already found natural gas.

Kirthar Mountains
The Kheerthar Mountains (Urdu: كوه کھیرتھر; Sindhi: کير ٿر جبل) are a mountain range that mark the boundary between the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan and Sindh, also separating the Iranian plateau from the Indian subcontinent. It comprises much of the Kheerthar National Park. The mountain range forms part of the Kirthar-Sulaiman geological province, which stretches from the Arabian Sea coast north to the Sulaiman Mountains in northwest Pakistan. The highest peak of the Kheerthar range is Zardak Peak at 7,430 ft (2,260 m).
Northern District Army
The Northern District Army (北部軍, Hokubugun) was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army, responsible for defense of the northern region of the Japanese home islands, including Hokkaidō, Karafuto and the Chishima Islands.

Karafuto Prefecture
Karafuto Prefecture (樺太庁, Karafuto-chō; Japanese pronunciation: [ka.ɾa.ɸɯ̥.to]) was established  by the Empire of Japan in 1907 to govern the southern part of Sakhalin. This territory became part of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded by the  Russian Empire under the Treaty of Portsmouth.

Karafuto Prefecture was established in 1907 to govern Karafuto, which was part of Japan's External Land (Gaichi), until it was incorporated into an Inner Land (Naichi) of the Japanese metropole in April 1943. Ōtomari (Korsakov) was the capital of Karafuto from 1905 to 1908 and Toyohara (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) from 1908 to 1945.

In August 1945, the Japanese administration ceased to function following the Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin. The Soviet Union annexed Karafuto Prefecture, although it continued to exist under Japanese law until Japan formally abolished it in June 1949.
Henze
Henze is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Henze (1894–1979), German Wehrmacht general

Frank Henze (born 1977), German slalom canoeist

Gertrud Henze (1901–2014), a German supercentenarian

Gregor Henze, German-American engineer

Hans Werner Henze (1926–2012), German composer

Jürgen Henze (born 1950), East German slalom canoeist

Leon Henze (born 1992), German footballer

Martin Henze (born 1981), a German astronomer and namesake of minor planet 6642 Henze

Friedrich Wolfgang Martin Henze (1873 – 1956), a German chemist who first discovered vanadium-containing proteins known as vanabins in 1911

Matthias Henze, the Isla Carroll and Perry E. Turner Professor of Hebrew Bible and Early Judaism at Rice University in Houston

Paul Bernard Henze (1924—2011), CIA officer and national security specialist

Richard Henze (1895–1985), a highly decorated Oberst of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II

Stefan Henze (1981–2016), German slalom canoeist

Paul B. Henze
Paul Bernard Henze (29 August 1924, Redwood Falls – 19 May 2011, Culpeper) was a writer, Central Intelligence Agency operative and American broadcaster with Radio Free Europe. Henze was the CIA station chief for Ethiopia and Turkey during the 1960s and 1970s.

Henze graduated from St. Olaf College and Harvard University. During the Carter Administration he served as a deputy to National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. He was encouraged Zbigniew Brzezinski in the formation of the Nationalities Working Group in 1978, of which Henze was appointed head. Influenced by his friend Alexandre Bennigsen, this group advocated the promotion of Islamism as a tool for undermining Soviet hegemony in Central Asia.

Henze wrote The Plot to Kill the Pope in which advocated the view that the Soviet Union was involved in an assassination attempt on John Paul II in 1981.