hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul S. Davies
Paul S Davies is an English barrister and academic notable for having been published in many areas of private law, particularly commercial law. He has been the chair in Commercial Law at the Faculty of Laws, University College London since 2017 and has practised as a barrister at Essex Court Chambers since 2021.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Leon Manteuffel-Szoege
Leon Edward Manteuffel-Szoege (born 5 May 1904 in Rezhitsa, d. 1973 in Warsaw) was a Polish surgeon.

His brothers were Tadeusz Manteuffel and Edward Manteuffel-Szoege. He graduated from the Warsaw University under the supervision of Zygmunt Radliński. During the II World War he worked in conspiracy under the pseudonym "Krab" (literally Crab). For the whole German occupation he worked in clinic. Manteuffel-Szoege was one of three physicians who survived the Wola massacre.

After World War II, he continued his medical practice. In 1947, he performed a successful operation, the first in Poland, to resect a lung due to cancer. In 1953, he performed Poland's first operation for left venous stenosis. In 1964, he received a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Jagiellonian University. He was a member of many foreign scientific societies, including the French National Academy of Surgery.

Stenosis
Stenosis (from Ancient Greek  στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).

Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, Prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis). The term coarctation is another synonym, but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.
Greta oto
Greta oto is a species of brush-footed butterfly and member of the subfamily Danainae, tribe Ithomiini, and subtribe Godyridina. It is known by the common name glasswing butterfly for its transparent wings, which allow it to camouflage without extensive coloration. In Spanish-speaking regions, it may also be referred to as espejitos, meaning "little mirrors" because of its transparent wings. The butterfly is mainly found in Central America and northern regions of South America, with sightings as far north as Texas and as far south as Chile. While its wings appear delicate, the butterfly is able to carry up to 40 times its own weight. In addition to its wing physiology, the butterfly is known for behaviors such as long migrations and lekking. Greta oto closely resembles Greta andromica.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Their use dates back centuries and is intertwined with the discovery, understanding, and eventual recognition of their toxicity on humans and animals.
The Dark Tower: The Drawing of the Three / Revenge Sampler
The Dark Tower: The Drawing of the Three / Revenge Sampler  is a free, two-sided one-shot comic book preview published by Marvel Comics. It is the sixth non-sequential companion publication released as an extension of the comic book series based on Stephen King's The Dark Tower series of novels. Released five weeks in advance of the first issue of The Dark Tower: The Drawing of the Three - The Prisoner, The Drawing of the Three / Revenge Sampler features rough/black-and-white renditions of series artwork by Piotr Kowalski as well as cover art by Julian Totino Tedesco and variant cover art by Christian Ward. The flipside of the release features a preview of the graphic novel Revenge: The Secret Origin of Emily Thorne (based on the ABC television series Revenge), written by Erica Schultz with interior art by Vincenzo Balzano and cover art by Dustin Nguyen. The issue was published on July 30, 2014.

Emily Thorne
Amanda Clarke, formerly known by the pseudonym Emily Thorne (also known as Emily Grayson), is a fictional character and the protagonist of the ABC television series Revenge (2011–2015), portrayed by Emily VanCamp, based on Edmond Dantès, the titular protagonist of Alexandre Dumas' 1844 novel The Count of Monte Cristo.
Ilyinka, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai
Ilyinka (Russian: Ильинка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Ilyinsky Selsoviet, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 315 as of 2013. There are 7 streets.

Altai Krai
Altai Krai (Russian: Алтайский край, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders, clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region, Abai Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, and the Altai Republic. Its administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.
Girls (The 1975 song)
"Girls" is a song by English rock band the 1975, released as the fourth single from their self-titled debut album. A music video for "Girls" was released on 23 October 2013 and the song was released on 11 November.

The 1975 (album)
The 1975 is the debut studio album by English band the 1975. It was released on 2 September 2013 through Dirty Hit and Polydor. It was produced by band members Matthew Healy and George Daniel together with Mike Crossey.

Between Autumn 2012 and Spring 2013, during which time the album was recorded, the band released four EPs. They toured to support and build momentum for the album, including numerous gigs and special appearances with other artists.

The album received positive reviews from critics, and topped the UK Albums Chart on 8 September. As of August 2023, it had sold 791,000 copies in the UK, and 1,000,000 copies in the US as of June 2018.
Mediasurface
Mediasurface Limited (previously known as Webdevelopment Ltd) was a UK-based supplier of content management systems and associated services, founded in February 1996 by Ben Hayman and Steve Hebditch.

Their product, (renamed Morello in 2004) was used for websites and intranets at organisations including Aegon, Borealis, T-Mobile, UK Government Home Office, Citigroup, UK Government Environment Agency and Prudential plc.

Borealis (company)
Borealis GmbH is an Austrian plastics manufacturer that is the second largest producer of polyolefins in Europe, as well as a leader in the petrochemicals industry. Based in Vienna, Austria, it employs around 6,000 people in over 120 countries.
Bison Kimura
Nobuko Kimura (born March 9, 1967) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler better known by her ring name Bison Kimura who mainly worked for All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling during the late 1980s and 1990s. She also worked for Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre in Mexico.

All Pacific Championship
The All Pacific Championship was the secondary singles women's professional wrestling title in All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling or AJW.  The belt was started as the Hawaiian Pacific Championship in 1977 and was renamed the All Pacific Championship in 1978.
Rhythms of Zamunda
Rhythms of Zamunda, released as Rhythms of Zamunda (Music Inspired by the Amazon Original Movie: Coming 2 America), is a soundtrack album curated by Sipho Dlamini for the film Coming 2 America. It was released on March 5, 2021, by Def Jam Recordings and Def Jam Africa for Paramount Pictures. The album features Pan-African artists such as Nasty C, Larry Gaaga, Umu Obiligbo, Locko, Tekno, Tellaman, Sha Sha, Oxlade, Alpha P, TMXO, DJ Arafat, Prince Kaybee, Msaki, Tiwa Savage, Th&o., Diamond Platnumz, Morgan Heritage, Toofan, Fally Ipupa, BONJ, Gemini Major, Anatii, De Mthuda, Njelic, and Ricky Tyler, as well as appearances from Ari Lennox.

DJ Arafat
Ange Didier Houon (26  January 1986 – 12 August 2019), known professionally as DJ Arafat and various other stage names, was an Ivorian disc jockey and singer who made music in the Coupé-Décalé genre. The word "coupé-décalé" came from a traditional dance in the Ivory Coast. "Jonathan", "202", "Dosabado", "Kpangor", "Zoropoto" and "Enfant Beni" were some of his major hits. Dj Arafat's impact reached beyond Africa, especially after he gained a following in France. His performances there in the mid-2000s helped him cultivate an international fanbase and contributed to his reputation as an African music ambassador.
Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy
The Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy is presented annually to the Western Hockey League player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition. The award is named after Saskatoon Blades founder Jim Piggott, one of the founding fathers of what is today the Western Hockey League.

The trophy was previously named the Stewart "Butch" Paul Memorial Trophy. Butch Paul was a player for the Edmonton Oil Kings in the 1960s, leading the team to three straight Western Canada Championships, and a Memorial Cup in 1963. He later played for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) and during his second year in the organization he died in a car accident on March 25, 1966.

Butch Paul
Arthur Stewart "Butch" Paul (September 11, 1943 – March 25, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played three games for the Detroit Red Wings in the 1964–65 season.

Paul was killed in a car accident in Memphis, Tennessee while driving home from a game on March 25, 1966. At the time, he was playing for the Memphis Wings of the Central Hockey League.
San Juan Yatzona
San Juan Yatzona is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 38.27 km2. 
It is part of the Villa Alta District in the center of the Sierra Norte Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 561.

Villa Alta District
Villa Alta District is located in the center of the Sierra Norte Region of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
It has an area of 1,156 km2 of mountainous country, divided into 25 municipalities.

As of 2007 there were 99 settlements of which 72 had electricity and 38 had a supply of potable water in 2007.
As of 2020 the total population was 30,568.
The main food crops are maize and beans.
Coffee is the most important cash crop, and there is some sugar cane production.

San Bartolomé Zoogocho

From left to right: Tanetze de Zaragoza, San Isidro Reforma, Juquila Vijanos, Santo Domingo Cacalotepec
Jernail Singh Anand
Dr. Jernail Singh Anand is an Indian poet, columnist, and environmental activist. He has written 140 books of English poetry, fiction, non-fiction and spiritual writing.

He retired as Principal and is now the Honorary Professor Emeritus at the Institute of European Roma Studies and Research, Crimes Against Humanity and International Law, Belgrade, Serbia. He is also an honorary member of the Association of Serbian Writers. Dr. Anand co-developed the theory of Bio-Text in Critical Theory, along with Iranian scholar Dr. Roghayeh Farsi, chief coordinator of a research project on the Anand's poetry initiated by the University of Neyshabur, Iran.

University of Neyshabur
The University of Neyshabur (or Nishapur) (Persian: دانشگاه نیشابور) is a public university in Nishapur, Iran. Its main campus consists of three faculties located on the northwest of the residential area of the city. The University of Neyshabur also has an off-campus fine arts faculty. For ease of transportation, a campus bus line is in service between the campus and the site (campus) of the fine arts faculty. Up until its academic independence, the University of Neyshabur had been an affiliate of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
John Castell
John Castell, also spelled John Castle, (c. 1380 – 1426) was a Master of University College, Oxford, and later Chancellor of the University of Oxford.

Castell was a Fellow of University College. He became Master of the College circa 1408. He also held preferment in the Diocese of York with his mastership. In 1411, a sentence of excommunication was issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Arundel, against Castell, Fellows at the College — Robert Burton (later Master of the College), John Hamerton, and Adam Redyford — and the College as a whole, due to Lollardy leanings. An appeal to the Pope against the excommunication was made by the bursar of the College, John Ryvell. Castell survived the controversy and continued as Master until 1420.

John Castell was appointed a King's Clerk in 1420. In 1421, he became Chancellor of Oxford University, a position he held until 1426.

Lollardy
Lollardy was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic theologian who was later dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for heresy. The Lollards' demands were primarily for reform of Western Christianity. They formulated their beliefs in the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards.
Chirodini Ami Je Tomar
Chirodini Ami Je Tomar  is an Indian Bengali television soap opera that premiered on 29 July 2019 and is broadcast on Colors Bangla and is also available on the digital platform Voot. The show starred model-actress Sharly Modak and Souvik Banerjee in lead roles and Suvajit Kar in a negative role.

Colors Bangla
Colors Bangla (previously known as ETV Bangla) is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel broadcasting in Bengali language. It was launched in 2000 as ETV Bangla, owned by the Hyderabad-based ETV Network. It was later sold to TV18 and was rebranded under the Colors moniker.
Niamembe Island
Niamembe Island (Kisiwa cha Niamembe, in Swahili) is a protected island located in Fumba ward of Mjini District in Mjini Magharibi Region, Tanzania. One of the Menai Bay islands, the island is a part of the Menai Bay Marine Conservation Area and is composed of limestone.

Mjini Magharibi Region
Mjini Magharibi Region, Zanzibar Urban West Region or West Zanzibar Region (Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi in Swahili) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. The region covers an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi). The region is located entirely on the island of Zanzibar and bordered to the west by the Indian Ocean, the north by Unguja North Region and the east by Unguja South Region. The region is home to one of the seven World Heritage Sites located in Tanzania, namely; Stonetown of Zanzibar. The regional capital is Zanzibar City. The region is the most developed region with the highest human development index in Tanzania at 0.718. According to the 2012 census, the region has a total population of 593,678.
Mir-451 microRNA
In molecular biology mir-451 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

miR-451 regulates the drug-transporter protein P-glycoprotein, potentially promoting resistance to the chemotherapy drug Paclitaxel.

Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel, sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer. It is administered by intravenous injection. There is also an albumin-bound formulation.

Common side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, numbness, allergic reactions, muscle pains, and diarrhea. Other side effects include heart problems, increased risk of infection, and lung inflammation. There are concerns that use during pregnancy may cause birth defects. Paclitaxel is in the taxane family of medications. It works by interference with the normal function of microtubules during cell division.

Paclitaxel was isolated in 1971 from the Pacific yew and approved for medical use in 1993. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has been made from precursors, and through cell culture.
Trooper first class
Trooper first class is a rank used by several state police agencies within the United States and in some world militaries.

In particular, in the Louisiana State Police, it is a rank below senior trooper, yet above trooper.  The insignia for this rank consists of a gold colored 'TFC' collar pin worn on the wearer's right lapel. However, the Illinois State Police collar insignia is one silver chevron. In ISP, it is above trooper and below master trooper. Troopers who complete five (5) years of satisfactory or exceptional service are promoted to the rank of trooper first class. After attaining this rank, the trooper first becomes eligible to test for a supervisory position as a sergeant.  The title of address is trooper or trooper first class.

Usage in other agencies or countries may vary. In the United States, state agencies are referred to state police or highway patrol. The rank of Trooper First Class is used by the following state agencies within the United States:

Louisiana State Police
The Louisiana State Police (French: Police d’Etat de Louisiane) is the state police agency of Louisiana, which has jurisdiction anywhere in the state, headquartered in Baton Rouge. It falls under the authority of the Louisiana Department of Public Safety & Corrections. It is officially known in that organization as the Office of State Police.

The Louisiana State Police is a premier law enforcement agency in Louisiana and was accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) from 2003 to 2008. The agency voluntarily ceased its association with CALEA in 2008.
1993 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva successfully defended their title, defeating Larisa Neiland and Jana Novotná in the final, 6–4, 6–7(4–7), 6–4 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1993 Wimbledon Championships.

This was their 6th consecutive women’s doubles grand slam title.

Larisa Neiland
Larisa Savchenko-Neiland (Ukrainian: Лариса Савченко-Нейланд, Latvian: Larisa Savčenko-Neilande; née Savchenko; also Larisa Neiland; born 21 July 1966) is a tennis coach and former professional player who represented the Soviet Union and Latvia. A former world No. 1 doubles player, Neiland won six Grand Slam titles: two in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She also won two singles titles and 63 doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She is listed in fourth place for the most doubles match wins (766) in WTA history, after Lisa Raymond, Rennae Stubbs and Liezel Huber. Neiland has been the coach of Ukrainian tennis player Daria Snigur since 2017.
Francis Sears
Francis Weston Sears (October 1, 1898 – November 12, 1975) was an American physicist. He was a professor of physics at MIT for 35 years before moving to Dartmouth College in 1956. At Dartmouth, Sears was the Appleton Professor of Physics. He is best known for co-authoring University Physics, an introductory physics textbook, with Mark Zemansky. The book—colloquially known as "Sears and Zemansky"—was first published in 1949. Hugh Young became a coauthor in 1973.

In 1932 he collaborated with Peter Debye in the discovery of what is now called the Debye–Sears effect, the diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves.

Sears was a fellow of the Optical Society of America, and was active in the American Association of Physics Teachers, serving as its treasurer from 1950 to 1958, followed by successive one-year terms as president-elect and president. He retired to Norwich, Vermont and died in Hanover, New Hampshire, of a stroke on November 12, 1975.

American Association of Physics Teachers
The American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) was founded in 1930 for the purpose of "dissemination of knowledge of physics, particularly by way of teaching." There are more than 10,000 members in over 30 countries. AAPT publications include two peer-reviewed journals, the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher. The association has two annual National Meetings (winter and summer) and has regional sections with their own meetings and organization. The association also offers grants and awards for physics educators, including the Richtmyer Memorial Award and programs and contests for physics educators and students. It is headquartered at the American Center for Physics in College Park, Maryland.
Bhachau railway station
Bhachau railway station is a railway station serving Bhachau town, in Kutch district of Gujarat State of India. It is under Ahmedabad railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. It is located on Gandhidham–Ahmedabad main line.

It is located at 44 m above sea level and has three platforms. In 2016, electrified double broad-gauge railway lines exist and 30 trains stopped. Kandla Airport is 35 kilometres away.

Bhachau
Bhachau is a city and a municipality in Kutch district (kachchh) in the state of Gujarat, India.  Bhachau was one of many devastated towns in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat, during the 1956 Anjar earthquake as well as in the 2001 Gujarat earthquake. As of 2011 it had a population of 39,532 in over 8,647 households.

Bhachau is often mentioned in the TV show Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah, as the Gada family and the protagonist Jethalal hail from there. Some villages of Bhachau are included in Vagad but not Bhachau.
The UNIX-HATERS Handbook
The UNIX-HATERS Handbook is a semi-humorous edited compilation of messages to the UNIX-HATERS mailing list. The book was edited by Simson Garfinkel, Daniel Weise and Steven Strassmann and published in 1994.

Simson Garfinkel
Simson L. Garfinkel (born 1965) is an American computer scientist. He is the Chief Scientist and Chief Operating Officer of BasisTech in Somerville, Massachusetts.

He was previously a program scientist at AI2050, part of Schmidt Futures. He has held several roles across government, including a Senior Data Scientist at the Department of Homeland Security, the US Census Bureau's Senior Computer Scientist for Confidentiality and Data Access and a computer scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. From 2006 to 2015, he was an associate professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. In addition to his research, Garfinkel is a journalist, an entrepreneur and an inventor; his work is generally concerned with computer security, privacy and information technology.