hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2024 Brest Challenger
The 2024 Brest Open Groupe Vert, was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Brest, France between 21 and 27 October 2024.

Jakub Paul
Jakub Paul (born 22 March 1999) is a Swiss tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 74 achieved on 10 November 2025 and a singles ranking of No. 288 achieved in 25 August 2025.
1887 Liverpool Exchange by-election
The 1887 Liverpool Exchange by-election was held on 26 January 1887 after the death of the incumbent Liberal MP David Duncan. It was retained by the Liberal candidate Ralph Neville, with a narrow majority of 7 votes.

Goschen was Chancellor of the Exchequer. He had voted against Gladstone's Home Rule Bill in 1886 and became a Liberal Unionist. He subsequently lost his seat at Edinburgh East at the 1886 general election.

Lord Randolph Churchill resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer on 22 December 1886. The Marquess of Salisbury appointed Goschen to the post on 14 January 1887. He became the sole Liberal Unionist in an otherwise Conservative government.

Goschen was therefore Chancellor outside the House of Commons and contested the by-election to return to the House.

Government of Ireland Bill 1886
The Government of Ireland Bill 1886, commonly known as the First Home Rule Bill, was the first major attempt made by a British government to enact a law creating home rule for part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It was introduced on 8 April 1886 by Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone to create a devolved assembly for Ireland which would govern Ireland in specified areas. The Irish Parliamentary Party had been campaigning for home rule for Ireland since the 1860s.

The bill, like his Irish Land Act 1870, was very much the work of Gladstone, who excluded both the Irish MPs and his own ministers from participation in the drafting. Following the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act 1885 it was to be introduced alongside a new Land Purchase Bill to reform tenant rights, but the latter was abandoned.: 69
Atomos (company)
Atomos is an Australian company primarily engaged in manufacturing and distribution of video equipment specifically 4K and HD Apple ProRes capable monitor recorders. Its products are widely used in video production, including social media, YouTube, television, and cinema. Atomos has contributed to the adoption of Apple ProRes RAW format in Cinema Cameras. Atomos has introduced several technical features that have influenced modern video workflows, including RAW recording over HDMI, wireless timecode synchronization, support for multi-camera recording and asynchronous switching, and integrated live streaming functionality.

Apple ProRes
Apple ProRes is a lossy compression format developed by Apple for use in post-production that supports video resolution up to 8K. Although it uses lossy compression, it is considered a perceptually lossless compression format. It is the successor of the Apple Intermediate Codec and was introduced in 2007 with Final Cut Studio 2. Much like the H.26x and MPEG standards, the ProRes family of codecs use compression algorithms based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). ProRes is widely used as a final format delivery method for HD broadcast files in commercials, features, Blu-ray and streaming.
Lucien Pellat-Finet
Lucien Pellat-Finet (c. 1945 – 26 February 2024) was a French fashion designer. He specialised in cashmere and started with knitted luxurious sweaters. Intarsia knitters from Edinburgh are used to knit the sweaters since the area is known for producing high-end cashmere. In 2020, the label was acquired by Thierry Gillier, creative director and CEO of Zadig & Voltaire, who renamed the brand Pellat-Finet. This marked the rebirth of the brand, still producing some of the finest carded cashmere sweaters in the world. The label has a store in Paris located 326 Rue Saint Honoré in the 1er arrondissement.

Lucien Pellat-Finet drowned on 26 February 2024, at the age of 78.

Sweater
A sweater (North American English) or pullover, also called a jersey or jumper (British English, Hiberno-English and Australian English), is a piece of clothing, typically with long sleeves, made of knitted or crocheted material that covers the upper part of the body. When sleeveless, the garment is often called a slipover,  tank top, or sweater vest.

Sweaters are worn by adults and children, often over a shirt, blouse, T-shirt, or another top, but sometimes next to the skin. Sweaters were traditionally made from wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination of these. There are also seasonal sweaters, including the familiar holiday-themed Christmas sweater.
2013 European Athletics Junior Championships – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles at the 2013 European Athletics Junior Championships was held in Rieti from 19 to 21 July.

Russian athlete Timofey Chalyy won the gold medal in a championship record. His performance was described as "remarkable". His mark of 49.23 seconds was also the second fastest of any European U20 athlete ever, earning him the European Athletics Rising Star award. It was also a national U20 record for Russia.

European Athletics U20 Championships
The European Athletics U20 Championships (formerly named the European Athletics Junior Championships up to 2015) are the European championships for athletes who are under-20 athletes, which is the age range recognised by World Athletics as junior athletes. The event is currently organized by the European Athletic Association.
Gyles Longley
Oliver Gyles Longley CBE MC  (30 September 1918 - 28 May 2015) was a British Army officer of the Second World War who won the Military Cross in 1943 for his actions in Italy while commanding a squadron of 44th Reconnaissance Regiment near Battipaglia. Longley had a number of narrow escapes during his military service, including stepping on a mine that failed to explode.

Longley was born in the London district of Streatham, the son of an officer in the Honourable Artillery Company who in the First World War was also awarded the Military Cross. He was educated at Tonbridge School in Kent.

After demobilisation in 1946, Longley returned to his pre-war employers Gestetner. In 1965, he became managing director of Gestetner France, and in 1976 he was made a director of Gestetner Holdings Ltd with responsibility for Continental Europe, Africa, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Demobilization
Demobilization or demobilisation (see spelling differences) is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and military force is no longer necessary. Demobilization is the opposite of mobilization, calling up forces for active military service. Forceful demobilization of a defeated enemy is called demilitarization.
Riverstown (near Birr)
Riverstown (Irish: Baile Uí Lachnáin, meaning 'town of O'Loughnin') is a small village straddling the border between Counties Tipperary and Offaly on the outskirts of Birr in Ireland. It is mostly within the townland of Ballyloughnane, on the Tipperary side of the river.

Riverstown lies at the point where the N52 road crosses the Little Brosna River, a tributary of the River Shannon, by a 300-year-old five-arch bridge, the Little Brosna here forming the border between the two counties.  The bridge was described in the Civil Survey of 1654-6 as the 'old bridge of Beallanadarragh'.

Birr, County Offaly
Birr (/ˈbɜːr/; Irish: Biorra, meaning "plain of water") is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899, it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.

The town is known for Birr Castle and Gardens: the home of the Parsons family and the site of the Leviathan of Parsonstown, which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.
James Keane (musician)
James Keane (Irish: Séamus Ó Catháin; born 7 February 1948) is an Irish traditional musician and accordion player. The Italian Castagnari company issued and continues a line of signature instruments called keanebox in his honor.

Seanchaí
A seanchaí (Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəxiː] or [ʃan̪ˠəˈxiː]; plural: Irish: seanchaithe [ˈʃan̪ˠəxəhɪ]) is a traditional Gaelic storyteller or historian, serving as an oral repository. In Scottish Gaelic the word is seanchaidh (pronounced [ˈʃɛn̪ˠɛxɪ]; plural: seanchaidhean). The word is often anglicised as shanachie (/ˈʃænəxiː, ˌʃænəˈxiː/ SHAN-ə-khee, -⁠KHEE).

The word seanchaí, which was spelled seanchaidhe (plural seanchaidhthe) before the Irish spelling reform of 1948, means a bearer of "old lore" (seanchas). In the Gaelic culture, long lyric poems which were recited by bards (filí; filidhe in the original pre-1948 spelling) in a tradition echoed by the seanchaithe.
Substance 3D Modeler
Substance 3D Modeler is 3D modeling software developed by Adobe Inc. It is part of the Substance 3D suite of tools designed for 3D digital content creation, specifically focusing on editing and sculpting 3D models.

Universal Scene Description
Universal Scene Description (USD) is a framework for interchange of 3D computer graphics data. The framework focuses on collaboration, non-destructive editing, and enabling multiple views and opinions about graphics data. USD is used in many industries including visual effects, architecture, design, robotics, CAD, and rendering.
Blaise (Marne)
The Blaise (French pronunciation: [blɛz]) is an 85.6 km (53.2 mi) long river in the Haute-Marne and Marne departments in northeastern France. Its source is in the village of Gillancourt. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Marne into which it flows at Arrigny.

Marne (department)
Marne (French pronunciation: [maʁn]) is a department in the Grand Est region of France. It is named after the river Marne which flows through it.  The prefecture (capital) of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne). The subprefectures are Épernay, Reims, and Vitry-le-François. It had a population of 566,855 in 2019.

The Champagne vineyards producing the eponymous sparkling wine are in Marne.
Nuntype
Nuntype is the first full-length album by Souls of Mischief/Hieroglyphics MC Tajai and SupremeEx following their EP, Projecto: 2501. The album features R&B and soul singer Goapele. It was released on November 8, 2005 on Rumble Pack Records.

Much like their previous work together, Nuntype is a conceptualized album crafting original music, visual artwork, story telling lyrics and a multimedia extension (in this case, the Nuntype website) to help create a world for the listeners to indulge in.

Hieroglyphics (group)
Hieroglyphics, also known as the Hieroglyphics Crew and Hiero, is an American underground hip hop collective based in Oakland, California. The group includes founder Del the Funky Homosapien, fellow rappers Casual, Pep Love, and all four members of the group Souls of Mischief—Phesto, A-Plus, Opio, and Tajai—as well as DJ Toure and producer/manager Domino.

Since their inception, Hieroglyphics have found a following largely through their members, podcasts ("Hierocasts"), and promotion through their website.

The collective uses a three-eyed, straight-lipped face logo that figures prominently on their albums, website, stickers, and clothing.
Space Mutiny
Space Mutiny is a 1988 American-South African science fiction film directed by Neal Sundstrom and starring Reb Brown, Cisse Cameron, Cameron Mitchell, James Ryan and John Phillip Law. Brown stars as a hotshot pilot who visits a large spaceship, and uncovers a conspiracy led by its seditious security officer (Law).

The film had a troubled production, which saw intended director David Winters replaced by his assistant Neal Sundstrom before filming commenced, although Winters remained credited for contractual reasons.  After its release, Winters disowned the film.

Initial reviews generally described the film has being an entertaining, unintentionally funny, and campy sci-fi. Retrospective reviews have more often been derisive. It has earned notice for its sparse production values and continuity errors. It was later included in a popular episode of the TV series Mystery Science Theater 3000.

Deadly Prey
Deadly Prey is a 1987 action film written and directed by David A. Prior. The film is a loose adaptation of the short story "The Most Dangerous Game" by Richard Connell, and stars Ted Prior (director David Prior's brother) as a former soldier who is kidnapped for participation in a human safari.
Kettrichhof transmitter
Kettrichhof transmitter is a facility for FM- and TV-broadcasting at Kettrichhof, a village which is part of Lemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is located at an elevation of 436 m (1,430 ft) a.s.l. The antenna support is a guyed mast of latticed steel with a square cross section which was built in 1985 and was originally 210 m (690 ft) tall. When new antennas were added in 2007, the height of the mast was increased to 236 m (774 ft). Reception of its signals is possible in an area spanning from the Eifel to Karlsruhe and Pforzheim and even in elevated locations on the Swabian Alb. On 4 December 2007, the TV transmitter was switched over to DVB-T, and DAB+ transmissions from Kettrichhof started on 9 September 2015.

Lemberg, Germany
Lemberg (German pronunciation: [ˈlɛmbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a municipality in Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany and belongs to the municipal association Pirmasens-Land, where it is the largest local municipality in terms of both the area and the number of inhabitants. It is the sixth largest by population within the district and the second largest after the area after Wilgartswiesen. Lemberg is a state-recognized resort and an economic sub-centre.

In addition to the town of Lemberg, the municipality includes the villages of Glashütte, Langmühle and Salzwoog, each of which is represented by a local advisory board and a local councilor. The fourth district consists of the two hamlets Kettrichhof and Rodalberhof. Other populated localities are the settlements Am Soll and Gutenbach, as well as the homesteads of Altenwoogsmühle and Stephanshof.
Rich Flu
Rich Flu (Spanish: La fiebre de los ricos) is a 2024 English-language Spanish film written, directed, and produced by Galder Gaztelu-Urrutia. It stars Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Rafe Spall, Lorraine Bracco, Jonah Hauer-King, and Timothy Spall. It premiered at the 57th Sitges Film Festival on October 6, 2024.

Rafe Spall
Rafe Joseph Spall (/ˈreɪf ˈspɔːl/ RAYF SPAWL; born 10 March 1983) is an English actor.

Spall has appeared in films including The Calcium Kid (2004), Green Street (2005), Kidulthood (2006), The Scouting Book for Boys (2009), Anonymous (2011), Life of Pi (2012), I Give It a Year (2013), X+Y (2014), Swallows and Amazons (2016), The Ritual (2017), and Men in Black: International (2019). Spall played the title role of Pete Griffiths in Pete versus Life from 2010 to 2011, and has portrayed characters on the TV series The Shadow Line and Black Mirror. Spall also appeared in the Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy (2004–2013).

Since May 2020, Spall has starred in the Apple TV+ comedy series Trying.
Sun Come Up (film)
Sun Come Up is a 2010 documentary film on the effect of global warming on the Carteret Islands. The film showed at the 2010 Full Frame Documentary Film Festival on April 8. It was named as a nominee for the Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) at the 83rd Academy Awards on January 25, 2011, but lost to Strangers No More.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Yabakei Bridge
Yabakei Bridge (耶馬渓橋, Yabakei-bashi) is a Taishō-era stone bridge over the Yamakuni River in Yabakei, Nakatsu, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Construction work on the eight-arched bridge, built as part of a tourist road for the viewing of the nearby Aonodōmon, began in 1920 and was completed in 1923; repair and restoration work took place in 1999. At 115.7 metres (380 ft) in length, it is the longest stone bridge in the country, and has been designated an Important Cultural Property.

Yabakei
The gorge of Yabakei (耶馬渓) is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty spanning the municipalities of Kusu and Nakatsu in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Located within Yaba-Hita-Hikosan Quasi-National Park, it was selected as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan during the Shōwa era.
Yabakei was formerly the name of a town, but was merged into Nakatsu Municipality in 2005. According to Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan, official confirmed report, in despite the absence of rain, suddenly landslides occurred on the mountain slope, three houses were buried in the place and six people lost their lives on 11 April 2018.
Directed algebraic topology
In mathematics, directed algebraic topology is a refinement of algebraic topology for directed spaces, topological spaces and their combinatorial counterparts equipped with some notion of direction.  Some common examples of directed spaces are spacetimes and simplicial sets.  The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify directed spaces up to directed analogues of homotopy equivalence.  For example, homotopy groups and fundamental n-groupoids of spaces generalize to homotopy monoids and fundamental n-categories of directed spaces.  Directed algebraic topology, like algebraic topology, is motivated by the need to describe qualitative properties of complex systems in terms of algebraic properties of state spaces, which are often directed by time.  Thus directed algebraic topology finds applications in concurrency (computer science), network traffic control, general relativity, noncommutative geometry, rewriting theory, and biological systems.

Network traffic control
In computer networking, network traffic control is the process of managing, controlling or reducing the network traffic, particularly Internet bandwidth, e.g. by the network scheduler. It is used by network administrators, to reduce congestion, latency and packet loss. This is part of bandwidth management.  In order to use these tools effectively, it is necessary to measure the network traffic to determine the causes of network congestion and attack those problems specifically.

Network traffic control is an important subject in datacenters as it is necessary for efficient use of datacenter network bandwidth and for maintaining service level agreements.
2020 Formula Regional Americas Championship
The 2020 Formula Regional Americas Championship powered by Honda was the third season for the FIA Formula 3 regional series across North America. The series was sanctioned by SCCA Pro Racing, the professional racing division of the Sports Car Club of America. The 2020 season was first season under the moniker of Formula Regional Americas, after a rebranding to align with the FIA single-seater development pathway. Linus Lundqvist won the championship, finishing 118 points in front of runner-up David Malukas, meanwhile Global Racing Group dominated the team's championship.

Sports Car Club of America
The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is a non-profit American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting Autocross, Rallycross, HPDE, Time Trial, Road Racing, RoadRally, and Hill Climbs in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs many programs for both amateur and professional racers.
Young Wives' Tale (play)
Young Wives' Tale is a 1949 comedy play by the British writer Ronald Jeans. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Brighton before transferring to the Savoy Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 373 performances between 7 July 1949 and 27 May 1950. The original London cast included Naunton Wayne, Joan Greenwood, Derek Farr, Joan Haythorne and Margaret Scudamore.

Joan Haythorne
Joan Haythorne (12 April 1915 – 27 August 1987) was a British actress.

Joan Haythorne was born Joan Haythornthwaite, on 12 April 1915, London and died 27 August 1987, Richmond on Thames, Surrey.

Her son was the screenwriter Jeremy Paul.
Serratia symbiotica
Serratia symbiotica is a species of bacteria that lives as a symbiont of aphids. In the aphid Cinara cedri, it coexists with Buchnera aphidicola, given the latter cannot produce tryptophan. It is also known to habitate in Aphis fabae. Together with other endosymbionts, it provides aphids protection against parasitoids.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Rav Chisda
Rav Ḥisda (Hebrew: רב חסדא) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Kafri, Asoristan in Lower Mesopotamia near what is now the city of Najaf, Iraq. He was an amora of the third generation (died c. 320 CE at the age of ninety-two), and is mentioned frequently in the Talmud.

Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
Juno Peaks
The Juno Peaks (71°58′S 69°47′W﻿ / ﻿71.967°S 69.783°W﻿ / -71.967; -69.783) are two steep-sided nunataks with a small rock to the west, forming part of an east–west ridge 6 nautical miles (11 km) southwest of Mimas Peak, lying near the head of Saturn Glacier in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. They were mapped from trimetrogon air photography taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, and from the survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, 1948–50. The nunataks were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Juno, one of the asteroids lying between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter.

Nunatak
A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They often form natural pyramidal peaks. Isolated nunataks are also called glacial islands, and smaller nunataks rounded by glacial action may be referred to as rognons.

The word is of Greenlandic origin and has been used in English since the 1870s.