hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skirmish at Adamstown
The Skirmish at Adamstown was a battle recorded by Frederick H. Dyer in Dyer's Compendiumfought between "Mean's and Atwell's West Virginia Cavalry Companies" and guerilla Confederate companies in Adamstown, Frederick County, Maryland, on October 14, 1864.

According to dispatches in the Evening Star and The Daily Dispatch, three hundred of Mosby's Raiders came across the Potomac river to Adamstown, but were pushed back.

The Skirmish appears as the last battle fought in Maryland in Dyer's record. The result of the Battle was inconclusive.

The guerilla raid was notable as it was conducted the same day as Mosby's raiders conducted the Greenback raid, where they captured a train with over $200,000 in currency, as well as raided businesses in Poolesville, Maryland.

The Washington Star
The Washington Star, previously known as the Washington Star-News and the Washington Evening Star, was a daily afternoon newspaper published in Washington, D.C., between 1852 and 1981. The Sunday edition was known as the Sunday Star. The paper was renamed several times before becoming Washington Star by the late 1970s.

For most of the time it was publishing, The Washington Star was the city's newspaper of record. It provided a  longtime home to columnist Mary McGrory (1918-2004) and to cartoonist Clifford K. Berryman (1869-1949). On August 7, 1981, after 128 years, The Washington Star ceased publication and filed for bankruptcy. In the bankruptcy sale, The Washington Post purchased the land and buildings owned by The Washington Star, including its printing-presses.
Ugo Ventimiglia
Ugo Ventimiglia (died 23 December 1172) was an Italian cardinal. His name is listed also as Ottone. He was born in Ventimiglia. He was ordained Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina by Pope Alexander III in the consistory celebrated in Sens in 1164 (or in 1165). Several catalogs of the bishops of Palestrina do not mention him because he does not appear among signatories of any papal bulls issued during his cardinalate.

Palestrina
Palestrina (ancient Praeneste; Ancient Greek: Πραίνεστος, Praínestos) is a modern Italian city and comune (municipality) with a population of about 22,000, in Lazio, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) east of Rome. It is connected to the latter by the Via Prenestina. It is built upon the ruins of the ancient city of Praeneste.

Palestrina is the birthplace of composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.
Bolshoye Selo
Bolshoye Selo (Russian: Большое Село) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Bolshoye Selo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Zachachyevsky Selsoviet of Kholmogorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Bolshoye Selo, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of  the town of district significance of Neman in Nemansky District of Kaliningrad Oblast

Bolshoye Selo, Ryazan Oblast, a selo in Bolsheselsky Rural Okrug of Pronsky District of Ryazan Oblast

Bolshoye Selo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Kadnikovsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast

Bolshoye Selo, Yaroslavl Oblast, a selo in Bolsheselsky Rural Okrug of Bolsheselsky District of Yaroslavl Oblast

Nemansky District
Nemansky District (Russian: Нема́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Nemansky Municipal District. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 699.3 square kilometers (270.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Neman. Population: 20,132 (2010 Census); 22,536 (2002 Census); 8,904 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Neman accounts for 58.6% of the district's total population.
Zayn al-Din Ahmad bin Hanna
Abu al-Abbas Zayn al-Din Ahmad bin Fakhr al-Din Mahammad bin Bahaa al-Din bin Hanna (Egyptian Arabic: أبو العباس زين الدين أحمد بن فخر الدين محمد بن بهاء الدين بن حنا) (13th century – 1304) was the Wazir al-Sohba (Vizier of Companionship, وزير الصحبة) to the Sultan of Egypt, Baybars, and was one of his closest men.

Vizier
A Vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the countries of "greater Persia". The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

A collection of Vizier may introduce a Grand Vizier, within their civilization.
2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre individual medley
The women's 200 metre individual medley competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.  The last champion was Emily Seebohm of Australia.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, one each in backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle swimming.

Backstroke
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going. It also has a different start from the other three competition swimming styles. The swimming style is similar to an upside down front crawl or freestyle. Both backstroke and front crawl are long-axis strokes. In individual medley backstroke is the second style swum; in the medley relay it is the first style swum.
Fusilier Peak
Fusilier Peak is a 2,747-metre (9,012 ft) peak in British Columbia, Canada. Its line parent is Constable Peak, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away.
It is part of the Tower of London Range of the Muskwa Ranges in the Canadian Rockies.

Fusilier Peak was named by the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) Canadian Rocky Mountains Expedition 1960, a small expedition with members from a regiment based in the Tower of London.  The expedition named several peaks after the Tower, including The White Tower, North Bastion Mountain, South Bastion Mountain and Tower Mountain, which overlooks the south end of Wokkpash Lake.

Muskwa Ranges
The Muskwa Ranges are a group of mountain ranges in northern British Columbia, Canada.  They are part of the Northern Rockies section of the Rocky Mountains and are bounded on their west by the Rocky Mountain Trench and on their east by the Rocky Mountain Foothills.  They are delimited on the north by the Liard River and on the south by the Peace Reach of the Lake Williston reservoir (formerly the Peace River), south of which the next major grouping of the Rockies is the Hart Ranges.

The Muskwa Ranges cover a surface of 97,388 square kilometres (37,602 mi2) and stretch for 424 kilometres (263 mi) from north to south.
Edward Killingsworth
Edward Killingsworth FAIA (1917–2004) was an American architect. He is best known as a participant in Arts & Architecture's Case Study program in the mid-1950s. He designed and built Case Study House #25, "The Frank House," in Naples, California. He also designed numerous luxury hotels all over the world and a large part of the California State University, Long Beach campus. In the architecture world, his name is associated with Southern California Post-and-Beam Mid-Century Modern.

Case Study Houses
The Case Study Houses were experiments in American residential architecture sponsored by Arts & Architecture magazine, which commissioned major architects of the day to design and build inexpensive and efficient model homes for the United States residential housing boom caused by the end of World War II and the return of millions of soldiers. The program yielded 36 designs and 25 constructed homes, concentrated in Southern California.
Renfrewshire North and Cardonald
Renfrewshire North and Cardonald is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering parts of the council areas of Renfrewshire and Glasgow. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It is also one of ten constituencies in the West Scotland electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the ten constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The seat was created by the Second Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries in 2025, and is expected to be first contested at the 2026 Scottish Parliament election.

Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP; Scottish Gaelic: Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, BPA; Scots: Memmer o the Scots Pairliament, MSP) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.
Georgia State station
Georgia State is a subway station in Atlanta, Georgia, serving the Blue and Green lines of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) rail system.  The station is located within the James H. Floyd State Office Building in Downtown Atlanta and was constructed concurrently with the building in the late 1970s. Exits are located on Piedmont Avenue and Jesse Hill Jr. Drive (formerly Butler Street). The station's name is in reference to its proximity to Georgia State University.

The station provides access to Georgia State University and the Georgia State Capitol. Access is also provided to Grady Memorial Hospital, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Hughes Spaulding, The Fulton County Health System, the Georgia Archives, James H. Floyd Twin Towers State buildings and Center Parc Stadium. Bus service is provided at this station to Lakewood Stadium, Piedmont Park, and Atlanta Medical Center.

Lakewood Stadium
Lakewood Stadium is a 10,000 seat stadium located in the Lakewood Heights neighborhood of southeast Atlanta, Georgia. The stadium is the larger of two stadiums owned and managed by the Atlanta Public Schools system. The other stadium is Eddie S Henderson Stadium, located on the campus of Midtown High School. In October 2006, Lakewood received an Honorable Mention in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution as one of the top 10 high school stadiums in the state of Georgia.  As chosen by the voters of Atlanta, Lakewood was picked as the 4th best stadium for high school football in the Atlanta metro area.

As the largest stadium in the Atlanta Public Schools system, it essentially has been the home field for several future NFL players, including Jamal Lewis and Ahmad Carroll (Douglass), Lawrence Smith (Washington), Kelly Campbell (Mays), David Rocker, Tracy Rocker, and Corey Barlow (Fulton), Greg Favors (Southside), Kelvin Pritchett (Therrell) and Super Bowl XX MVP Richard Dent (Murphy).
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1943–1946
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 1943 and 1946 were indirectly elected by a joint sitting of the New South Wales Parliament, with 15 members elected every three years. The most recent election was on 18 December 1942, with the term of new members commencing on 23 April 1943. The President was Sir John Peden.

Parliament of New South Wales
The Parliament of New South Wales, formally the Legislature of New South Wales, is the bicameral legislative body of the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). It consists of the Monarch, the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the New South Wales Legislative Council (upper house). Each house is directly elected by the people of New South Wales at elections held approximately every four years. The legislative authority of the parliament derives from section 5 of the Constitution Act 1902 (NSW). The power to make laws that apply to New South Wales is shared with the Federal (or Commonwealth) Parliament. The houses of the New South Wales Parliament follow the Westminster parliamentary traditions, green and red chamber colours and protocols for the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council, respectively. The houses of the legislature are located in Parliament House on Macquarie Street in Sydney.
Oklahoma Watch
Oklahoma Watch is a non-profit reporting project focused on public policy journalism in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Established in 2010 by former Tulsa World reporter Tom Lindley, and supported with an initial seed investment from the Knight Foundation and the Tulsa Community Foundation, it partners with Oklahoma's public radio stations and rural newspapers for the distribution of its original journalism. It is a member outlet of the Institute for Nonprofit News.

In 2016, Oklahoma Watch – in partnership with the University of Oklahoma – won first place at the Great Plains Journalism Awards for “Talk with Us,” a mobile video reporting project covering community poverty. In 2021, Oklahoma Watch reporter Trevor Brown won "Newspaper Writer of the Year" in the Great Plains Journalism Awards.

Knight Foundation
The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, also known as the Knight Foundation, is an American philanthropic organization that provides grants for the arts, journalism, research, and community development, with a focus on impact.

The organization was founded as the Charles L. Knight Memorial Education Fund in 1940. The fund was incorporated as the Knight Foundation in December 1950 in Ohio, and reincorporated as the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Florida in 1993.

The Foundation’s mission is to support a more effective democracy by funding projects that promote free expression, arts and culture, research in media and democracy, and the success of its 26 Knight communities, where the Knight brothers published newspapers.
Fruzsina Mayer
Fruzsina Mayer (born 16 July 2000) is a Hungarian ice hockey player and member of the Hungarian national team, currently playing in the European Women's Hockey League (EWHL) with HK Budapest.

She represented Hungary at the IIHF Women's World Championship Top Division tournaments in 2021 and 2022.

Hungary women's national ice hockey team
The Hungarian women's national ice hockey team (Hungarian: Magyar női jégkorong-válogatott) represents Hungary at the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Women's World Championship and other senior international women's tournaments. The women's national team is organized by the Magyar Jégkorong Szövetség (Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation). The Hungarian women's national team was ranked 12th in the world in 2020. They hosted and won the 2019 World Championship Division I Group A tournament in Budapest. The victory earned promotion to the Top Division for the first time in team history.

Ice hockey increased in popularity among women in Hungary during the later part of the 2010s. Hungary had 477 female players registered with the IIHF in 2016 and, by 2020, the number had more than doubled to 1,144.
EXT2 (gene)
Exostosin glycosyltransferase-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EXT2 gene.

This gene encodes one of two glycosyltransferases involved in the chain elongation step of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene cause the type II form of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME).

Heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs in a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. In this form, HS binds to a variety of protein ligands, including Wnt, and regulates a wide range of biological activities, including developmental processes, angiogenesis, blood coagulation, abolishing detachment activity by GrB (Granzyme B), and tumour metastasis. HS has also been shown to serve as cellular receptor for a number of viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus. One study suggests that cellular heparan sulfate has a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly when the virus attaches with ACE2. The basic repeat unit synthesised by the EXT1/EXT2 heterocomplex is (GlcAβ1,4GlcNAcα1,4)n.
Hellfire Corner
Hellfire Corner was a junction in the Ypres Salient in the First World War. The road was the main supply route for the British Second Army in this sector that passed along the road from Ypres to Menin, the Menin Road. A section of the road was where the Sint-Jan-Zillebeke road and the Ypres–Roulers (Roeselare) railway (line 64) crossed the road. German positions overlooked this spot and their guns were registered upon it so that movement through this junction was perilous, making it the most dangerous place in the sector.

Second Army (United Kingdom)
The British Second Army was a Field Army active during the First and Second World Wars. During the First World War the army was active on the Western Front throughout most of the war and later active in Italy. During the Second World War the army was the main British contribution to the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 and advance across Europe.
Nieuw-Lombe
Nieuw-Lombe (also: Nieuw-Lombé; Saramaccan: Njun-Lombe) is a village in the resort of Klaaskreek in the Brokopondo District of Suriname. The village is located on the Suriname River, and is inhabited by Saramaka maroons. Nieuw-Lombe is a transmigration village built for the inhabitants of Lombé which was flooded by the Brokopondo Reservoir after the construction of the Afobaka Dam.

Resorts of Suriname
The ten districts of Suriname are divided into 63 resorts (Dutch: ressorten). Within the capital city of Paramaribo, a resort entails a neighbourhood; in other cases it is more akin to a municipality, consisting of a central place with a few settlements around it. The resorts in the Sipaliwini District are especially large, since the interior of Suriname is sparsely inhabited.

The average resort is about 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and has almost 8,000 inhabitants. According to article 161 of the Constitution of Suriname, the highest political body of the resort is the resort council. Elections for the resort council are held every five years and are usually at the same time as the Suriname general elections.
Viterbese
The Viterbese or Italian: Grigio Viterbese is an Italian breed of donkey from the Lazio region of central Italy. It is particularly associated with the town and province of Viterbo from which it takes its name, and also with the Monti della Tolfa and the town of Allumiere in the province of Rome; for this reason it may sometimes be known as the Asino di Allumiere. In 2007 it was reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as extinct.: 70  In 2012 it was added to the list of autochthonous donkey breeds of limited distribution recognised by the Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, the Italian ministry of agriculture and forestry.: 25  A total population of 153 head was reported in the same year.

Monti della Tolfa
The Monti della Tolfa (or Tolfa Mountains) are a volcanic group in the Anti-Apennines of the northern part of the Lazio region of Central Italy. They are bounded by the Tyrrhenian Sea coast to the west, by the Monti Sabatini to the east, and by the Monti Cimini and the Mignone river to the north. Tolfa and Allumiere are the principal towns.

The highest peak is the Monte Maggiore (633 m above sea level). The Monti della Tolfa consists mostly of trachytes formed during the Eocene and the early Pleistocene.

The mountains are an important source of alunite, from which alum is extracted. The mineral was discovered there in 1461, and extensively mined until the mine closed in 1941, after almost 500 years; for much of this time it was the principal source of alum in Europe.

The Tolfetano breed of horse originates in the area, and takes its name from it.

42°08′N 11°54′E﻿ / ﻿42.133°N 11.900°E﻿ / 42.133; 11.900
Manaudou
Manaudou is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Florent Manaudou (born 1990), French swimmer

Laure Manaudou (born 1986), French swimmer

Nicolas Manaudou (born 1985), French swimming coach

Laure Manaudou
Laure Manaudou (French pronunciation: [lɔʁ manodu]; born 9 October 1986) is a retired French Olympic, world and European champion swimmer. She has held the world record in freestyle events between 200 and 1500 meter. Her younger brother Florent Manaudou is also an Olympic gold medalist swimmer.
Sizewell Belts
Sizewell Marshes form a 260-acre (105.4 ha) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest adjacent to Sizewell in Suffolk. It is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is part of a 356-acre (144-ha) nature reserve managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust as Sizewell Belts.

These unimproved wet meadows are designated by Natural England as important for their outstanding assemblages of invertebrates, with many nationally rare and scarce species, and of national significance for their assemblage of breeding birds typical of wet grassland. The aquatic flora are diverse, including the nationally scarce soft hornwort and fen pondweed.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
Petty Castle
Petty Castle, near Petty, Highland, Scotland, was a motte-and-bailey castle. The castle was the caput of the barony of Petty. Petty was held by the de Moravia family in the 13th century. The motte and bailey castle appears to have been replaced by the House of Petty by the 16th century, as the motte and bailey was known as Halhill, after being raided by the Mackintosh family, after the lands were given to John Ogilvy of Strathearn.

An inventory of the contents in 1517 includes masonry tools; halberds, axes, and Jedburgh staves, bows and arrows, and armour; wool and linen cloth and yarn; clothes and furniture; five barrels of wine; and farm tools and ploughs.

The Mackintosh family was later granted Petty. The lands were granted to James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray by his half-sister, Mary, Queen of Scots, following her return to Scotland in 1561. Castle Stuart was erected to the south east and was completed in 1625.

Scottish polearms
Many of the polearms used in Scotland up to the beginning of the 16th century were similar to those used in other parts of the world; however, a number of distinct forms did evolve. The nomenclature of Scottish axes, in particular, is confusing, and the text below follows the classification scheme proposed by David H. Caldwell in his 1980 paper "Some Notes on Scottish Axes and Long Shafted Weapons".