hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parmotrema aberrans
Parmotrema aberrans is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the Neotropics, from Mexico to Paraguay. The species was originally described by Edvard August Vainio in 1890 as a form of Parmelia xanthina. In 1958, Henry Nicollon des Abbayes promoted it to species level within Parmelia. Luciana Canêz and Marcelo Marcelli transferred it to Parmotrema in 2008.

Characteristics of Parmotrema aberrans include a greenish-yellow thallus (due to the presence of usnic acid), continuous cilia on the margins, cylindrical isidia with cilia, and the presence of gyrophoric acid in the medulla. Parmotrema xanthinum is quite similar in appearance and morphology, but lacks medullary gyrophoric acid.

The lichenicolous fungus Macroskyttea parmotrematis (Helotiales), reported as a new genus and species in 2015, inhabits the thalli of Parmotrema aberrans (as well as P. ultralucens).

Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. As of February 2020, the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species.

Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter.
Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally 
some species need a particular part of that plant.
Monster Society of Evil
The Monster Society of Evil is a supervillain team created by Otto Binder and C. C. Beck for Fawcett Comics. It is led by Mister Mind against their mutual enemy Captain Marvel. The team is significant as one of the first supervillain teams in comics to contain villains that a superhero had fought previously; prior to this, supervillain teams were composed of villains created just for that storyline. In fact, the Monster Society consists of every major enemy Captain Marvel had ever faced.

The Monster Society of Evil made its debut in Captain Marvel Adventures #22, and the resulting "Monster Society of Evil" story arc continued for two years in Captain Marvel Adventures, ending with issue #46 (May 1945).

C. C. Beck
Charles Clarence Beck (June 8, 1910 – November 22, 1989) was an American cartoonist and comic book artist, best known for his work on Captain Marvel (today known as Shazam!) at Fawcett Comics and DC Comics.
Tongatapu 8
Tongatapu 8 is an electoral constituency for the Legislative Assembly in the Kingdom of Tonga. It was established for the November 2010 general election, when the multi-seat regional constituencies for People's Representatives were replaced by single-seat constituencies, electing one representative via the first past the post electoral system. Located on the country's main island, Tongatapu, it encompasses the villages of Malapo, Vaini, Longoteme, Folaha, Nukuhetulu, Kauvai, and Veitongo.

Its first ever representative was Sione Taione, a first time MP, representing the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands. At the 2014 election he was replaced by Semisi Fakahau, who held it until his death in 2022. The subsequent by-election was won by Johnny Taione.

Single-member district
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders.

In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the  lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament are elected from both single-member and multi-member districts.
Marijuana Nation
Marijuana Nation is a 2014 book by University of Washington professor Roger Roffman. The book describes his involvement as an Army officer in the Vietnam War, and later as a NORML member leading Washington State legislation, the Marijuana Education and Control Act of 1977 (House Bill 257). The act would have decriminalized cannabis in the state 35 years before the eventual passage of Washington Initiative 502 (I-502). The legislation passed 52 to 43 in the Washington State House in April 1977, but died in the state Senate.

Roffman was a sponsor of I-502, which was approved by voters in November 2012, making Washington and Colorado the first states in the United States to legalize marijuana.

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML /ˈnɔːrməl/ ⓘ) is a social welfare organization based in Washington, D.C., that advocates for the reform of marijuana laws in the United States regarding both medical and non-medical use.

According to their website, NORML supports "the removal of all penalties for the private possession and responsible use of marijuana by adults, including cultivation for personal use, and casual nonprofit transfers of small amounts" and advocates for "the creation of a legal and regulatory framework for marijuana's production and retail sale to adults".

NORML also has a sister organization, The NORML Foundation, that focuses on educational efforts and providing legal assistance and support to people affected negatively by current marijuana laws. NORML maintains chapters in a number of US states as well as outside the US in countries such as Canada, France, New Zealand, and South Africa.
Aspidosperma excelsum
Aspidosperma excelsum (common name remo caspi) is a tree in the family Apocynaceae which grows up to one hundred feet (thirty meters) in height. It is native to Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Panama, and Costa Rica.  Its most interesting characteristic is its trunk, which has a deeply sinuous cross-section, usually described as stellate, It is thought these sinuosities offer some protection against strangling figs (ficus spp), Copay (Clusia spp)  and other stranglers by making it more difficult  to encircle the tree's cambium.

Cambium
A cambium (pl.: cambiums or cambia), in plants, is a tissue layer that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth. It is found in the area between xylem and phloem. A cambium can also be defined as a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division, resulting (in woody plants) in secondary thickening. It forms parallel rows of cells, which result in secondary tissues.

There are several distinct kinds of cambium found in plant stems and roots:

Cork cambium, a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the periderm.

Unifacial cambium, which ultimately produces cells to the interior of its cylinder.

Vascular cambium, a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.

Note:- Although Procambium is a secondary meristematic tissue, in most cases it behaves like a secondary  meristematic tissue or its characteristics can be observed, that is, in this case it can be said that it is a type of primary meristematic tissue.
Günther Groissböck
Günther Groissböck (born 24 September 1976) is an Austrian operatic bass. Anthony Tommasini, chief classical music critic for The New York Times, described Groissböck's "imposing and good-looking" portrayal of Baron Ochs in Der Rosenkavalier at the Metropolitan Opera, New York, as "a revelation". James Jorden of the New York Observer praised Groissböck's "innovative take" on the role and his "big, virile sound". A 2018 recording of the Met performance was nominated for Grammy Award in the Best Opera Recording.

Anthony Tommasini
Anthony Carl Tommasini (born April 14, 1948) is an American music critic and author who specializes in classical music. Described as "a discerning critic, whose taste, knowledge and judgment have made him a must-read", Tommasini was the chief classical music critic for The New York Times from 2000 to 2021. Also a pianist, he has released two CDs and two books on the music of his colleague and mentor, the composer and critic Virgil Thomson.

A classical music enthusiast since his youth, Tommasini attended both Yale University and Boston University to study piano and then taught music at Emerson College. In 1986 he left academia to write music criticism for The Boston Globe. Tommasini joined the Times in 1996 and became its chief classical music critic in 2000 for over two decades. He traveled to cover important premieres of contemporary classical music, encouraged diversity in both classical repertoire and ensembles, and wrote books covering influential operas and composers.
Made an America
Made an America is the debut extended play (EP) by American rock band Fever 333. It was released on March 23, 2018, along with the announcement that the group signed to Roadrunner Records. The title track "Made an America" was nominated for Best Rock Performance at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
1846 East Suffolk by-election
The 1846 East Suffolk by-election was held on 19 February 1846 after the resignation of the incumbent Peelite MP, John Henniker-Major.  He was succeeded by the unopposed Protectionist Conservative candidate, Edward Sherlock Gooch who was backed by the other Suffolk MP, Lord Rendlesham.

John Henniker-Major, 4th Baron Henniker
John Henniker-Major, 4th Baron Henniker (3 February 1801 – 16 April 1870), also 1st Baron Hartismere in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, was a British peer and Member of Parliament. He was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge.
Saint-Donat, Lanaudière
Saint-Donat (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dɔna]) is a township municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, part of the Regional County Municipality of Matawinie, within the larger administrative region of Lanaudière. The main town within the township is also identified as Saint-Donat-de-Montcalm to distinguish it from a parish municipality with the same name in La Mitis RCM. It is located approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) northwest of Montreal. The town is surrounded by mountains and numerous water basins of the Laurentian Mountains. The nearest natural landmark is the Mont-Tremblant National Park.

La Mitis Regional County Municipality
La Mitis is a regional county municipality in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region in eastern Quebec, Canada on the Gaspé peninsula. It is named for the Mitis River (The Mitis) which has its source in the region (at Lac Inférieur) and flows through the central part of the region before emptying into the Saint Lawrence River.

The county seat is in Mont-Joli.
Pro-simplicial set
In mathematics, a pro-simplicial set is an inverse system of simplicial sets.

A pro-simplicial set is called pro-finite if each term of the inverse system of simplicial sets has finite homotopy groups.

Pro-simplicial sets show up in shape theory, in the study of localization and completion in homotopy theory, and in the study of homotopy properties of schemes (e.g. étale homotopy theory).

Shape theory (mathematics)
Shape theory is a branch of topology that provides a more global view of the topological spaces than homotopy theory. The two coincide on compacta dominated homotopically by finite polyhedra. Shape theory associates with the Čech homology theory while homotopy theory associates with the singular homology theory.
Farman Basha
Farman Basha (born 25 March 1974) is an Indian powerlifter. Basha represented India at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom. He won a bronze medal at the 2010 Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China. However, this was later upgraded to a silver medal after Iranian Mustafa Radhi was disqualified due to doping.

India at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
India competed in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London from 29 August to 9 September 2012. The nation made its official debut at the 1968 Summer Paralympics and has appeared in every edition of the Summer Paralympics since 1984. This was India's 10th appearance at the Summer Paralympics. The Indian contingent consisted of ten athletes competing across four sports in the Paralympic Games. India won one silver medal in the competition.
Amblypomacentrus clarus
Amblypomacentrus clarus, the Bangaii damselfish is a species of ray-finned fish, a damselfish from the family Pomacentridae'. It is found in south-east Asia with records from Indonesia, the Philippines and Cambodia. It is similar to  Amblypomacentrus breviceps, with which it is sympatric but it is separated by the patten of the body with the three dark bars being more contarsed than in A. breviceps, and it does not have the rows of light blue spots on its flanks and a diffuse yellow colouration on the lower body also frequently shown by A. breviceps.

Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae is a family of ray-finned fish, comprising the damselfishes and clownfishes. This family were formerly placed in the order Perciformes or as indeterminate percomorphs, but are now considered basal blenniiforms.
They are primarily marine, while a few species inhabit freshwater and brackish environments (e.g., Neopomacentrus aquadulcis, N. taeniurus, Pomacentrus taeniometopon, Stegastes otophorus). They are noted for their hardy constitutions and territoriality.  Many are brightly colored, so they are popular in aquaria.
Kirtland Camp
The Kirtland Camp was a migration company made up of several hundred Latter-day Saints that traveled from Kirtland, Ohio to northern Missouri starting in the fall of 1838. Those who stayed with the main company settled in Mormon communities in Daviess County, Missouri during the 1838 Mormon War, and shortly afterwards were forced to evacuate the area due to the conflict.

Kirtland, Ohio
Kirtland is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,937 at the 2020 census. Kirtland is known for being the early headquarters of the Latter Day Saint movement from 1831 to 1837 and the site of the movement's first temple, the Kirtland Temple, completed in 1836. The Kirtland Temple and nearby Historic Kirtland Village are maintained as historic sites highlighting that era. The city is also the location for multiple parks in the Lake Metroparks system, as well as the Holden Arboretum.
Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch
The Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch (DRW) or Dictionary of Historical German Legal Terms is a historic legal dictionary developed under the aegis of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. The research unit took up work in 1897 and until today has completed 104,043 articles, ranging from Aachenfahrt (pilgrimage to Aachen) to übergehen (pass over/ignore). These have been published in 12 consecutive volumes and are also freely accessible online. In course of its research, the DRW also touches upon sources in Old English, of Hanseatic provenance and Pennsylvania German. The research unit will presumably conclude its work in 2036.

Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
The Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften), established in 1909 in Heidelberg, Germany, is an assembly of scholars and scientists in the German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

The academy is a member of the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities.
1911 Coronation Honours
The Coronation Honours 1911 for the British Empire were announced on 19 June 1911, to celebrate the Coronation of George V which was held on 22 June 1911.

The honours were covered in the press at the time, including in The Times on 20 June 1911, listing the formal announcements in the London Gazette on the previous day.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service
Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service (QARNNS) is the nursing branch of the British Royal Navy. The Service unit works alongside the Royal Navy Medical Branch.

As of 1 January 2006, according to former Ministry of Defence junior minister Don Touhig, the QARNNS had a total strength of 90 Nursing Officers and 200 Naval Nurses (ratings) out of a requirement of 330.

The Navy List (2006) listed 92 QARNNS Officers, of whom two were captains (including one DNNS/Matron-in-Chief), seven commanders, 19 lieutenant-commanders, 60 lieutenants and four sub-lieutenants.  The Navy List (1981) listed 146 QARNNS Officers, of whom one held the rank of Matron-in-Chief, two were Principal Matrons, four Matrons, 32 Superintending Sisters, 89 Senior Nursing Sisters and 13 Nursing Sisters; five of the 145 QARNNS Officers were non-nursing officers: two Senior Clerical and Quarters Officers and three Clerical and Quarters Officers.
You Don't Know Me (Ben Folds song)
"You Don't Know Me" is a song by American musician Ben Folds, the lead single from his third studio album Way to Normal (2008). The song features Regina Spektor on vocals dueting with Ben Folds. The song is also the 4th song on Ben Folds' 2009 album Stems & Seeds.

Way to Normal
Way to Normal is the third studio album by Ben Folds. It was released in Japan on September 17, 2008, in Australia on September 27, in UK and Europe on September 29, and in the US on September 30. The album is Folds' highest-charting solo album in the US, reaching #11 on the Billboard 200 in its first week of release.

A music video for "You Don't Know Me" was directed by Eric Wareheim, featuring Wareheim himself and his comedy partner Tim Heidecker.

In 2009, Folds re-released the album in less compressed audio quality as Stems and Seeds, adding various bonus tracks and providing "stems" for fans to create their own remixes.
Machiko Washio
Machiko Washio (鷲尾 真知子, Washio Machiko, born June 2, 1949) is a Japanese actress who works in both live action as well as voice over work for anime. She is known as the voice of Sakura in Urusei Yatsura.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
North Dakota Highway 200 Alternate
North Dakota Highway 200 Alternate (Alt. ND 200) is a 36.383-mile-long (58.553 km) east–west state highway in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Alt. ND 200's western terminus is at ND 200 east of Hazen, and the eastern terminus is at ND 200 east of Underwood.

Hazen, North Dakota
Hazen is a city in Mercer County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 2,281 at the 2020 census. Hazen was founded in 1913. Hazen has a K–12 school system.

It is located about fifteen minutes south of Lake Sakakawea, the largest lake in North Dakota and the third largest man-made lake in the United States.
Lock and Dam No. 20
Lock and Dam No. 20 is a lock and dam located on the Upper Mississippi River, the lock side in Canton, Missouri and the dam crossing to Meyer, Illinois.

The structure is located at river mile 343.1. It includes a 2,369 feet (722 m) long dam, 40 tainter gates, 3 roller gates, and a lock chamber that is 110 feet (34 m) wide by 600 feet (183 m) long. There is also an incomplete auxiliary lock. In 2004, the facility was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Lock and Dam No. 20 Historic District, #04000180 covering 839 acres (340 ha), 1 building, 6 structures, 3 objects.

Meyer, Illinois
Meyer is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in Adams County, Illinois, United States. It has a population of approximately 10 full-time residents as of mid-2009, due to the flood of 2008. The community is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the westernmost community in Illinois.
Mar Gómez Glez
Mar Gómez Glez (Madrid, 1977) is a Spanish playwright and novelist.

Gómez Glez's plays have been produced in Spain, India, Germany and the US. Her work has premiered Off-Broadway, (Wearing Lorca’s Bowtie, Duke on 42nd Street, 2011) and Off-Off-Broadway (39 Defaults, TeatroStageFest, Casa Mezcal, and La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, 2012-2014).

Gómez Glez is the author of three books, the most recent of which is La edad ganada (2015).

Gómez Glez was the first Hot Desk International Playwright at Center Stage (Baltimore, 2015) and invited playwright at the Royal Court International Residency in 2009. Gómez Glez holds a Ph.D. from New York University, has been a lecturer at University of Southern California and is Visiting Assistant Professor at Bard College.

Her work has received global recognition, including the 2011 Calderón de la Barca Theater Award, the 2008 Arte Joven Latina Award, and the 2007 Beckett Theater Award.

Bard College
Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, United States. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains within the Hudson River Historic District and is a National Historic Landmark.

Founded in 1860, the institution consists of a liberal arts college and a conservatory. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs. It participates in a network of many affiliated programs internationally.
Bobby William Austin
Bobby William Austin (born December 29, 1944) is an American sociologist, lecturer, and writer. He is a leading scholar on African-American men and boys and was the first person, as a Program Officer with the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, to fund major philanthropic initiatives for African-American men and boys. Over the past 30 years, in the fields of education, social policy, youth development, cultural theory, philanthropy and religion, he has created a series of structured venues as pathways for how citizens might live life in communities as individuals and as members of groups where peace, meaning, and innovation are nurtured. He is currently President of the Neighborhood Associates Corporation and managing director of the EducationThinkTank.

Harvard Graduate School of Education
The Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE) is the education school of Harvard University, a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1920, it was the first school to grant the EdD degree and the first Harvard school to award degrees to women. HGSE enrolls around 800 students between its master of education (Ed.M.) and three-year doctor of education leadership (Ed.L.D.) programs.

It is associated with the Harvard Education Publishing Group whose imprint is the Harvard Education Press and publishes the Harvard Educational Review.