hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Energy in Africa
Energy use and development in Africa varies widely across the continent, with some African countries exporting energy to neighbors or the global market, while others lack even basic infrastructures or systems to acquire energy. The World Bank has declared 32 of the 48 nations on the continent to be in an energy crisis. Energy development has not kept pace with rising demand in developing regions, placing a large strain on the continent's existing resources over the first decade of the new century. From 2001 to 2005, GDP for over half of the countries in Sub Saharan Africa rose by over 4.5% annually, while generation capacity grew at a rate of 1.2%.

The International Energy Agency report that between 2020 and 2022, electricity usage in Africa increased by over 100%. Much of this increase being provided for by gas fired power stations.

The IEA report that in 2022 74.9% of all electricity produced in Africa was generated by burning  natural gas, coal and oil.

Energy crisis
An energy crisis or energy shortage is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In literature, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in particular, those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in industrial development. Population growth has led to a surge in the global demand for energy in recent years. In the 2000s, this new demand – together with Middle East tension, the falling value of the US dollar, dwindling oil reserves, concerns over peak oil, and oil price speculation – triggered the 2000s energy crisis, which saw the price of oil reach an all-time high of $147.30 per barrel ($926/m3) in 2008.

Most energy crises have been caused by localized shortages, wars and market manipulation. However, the recent historical energy crises listed below were not caused by such factors.
Devarkulam
Devarkulam or Thevarkulam is a small town in Manur taluk, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu State, India. It is situated along State highway 41  (SH-41) between Tirunelveli and Sankarankovil on the Road. This Village is located 27 Kilometre North Side of  Tirunelveli, and 27 Kilometre South side of Sankarankovil.

Tirunelveli district
Tirunelveli district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. It is the largest district in terms of area with Tirunelveli as its headquarters. The district was formed on 1 September 1790 by the British East India Company (on behalf of the British government) and comprised the present Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi, Tenkasi and parts of Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram district. As of 2011, the undivided district (along with Tenkasi) had a population of 30,77,233.
Jamillah Ross
Jamillah Ross is a Canadian comedian, actress, and singer-songwriter.  She trained through Toronto's The Second City and has performed in improvisation troupes and on stage, television and film.  She was in the cast of Show Stopping Number which won a Canadian Comedy Award (CCA) for best improvisational troupe.

Rookie Blue
Rookie Blue is a Canadian police procedural television series starring Missy Peregrym and Gregory Smith. It was created by Morwyn Brebner, Tassie Cameron, and Ellen Vanstone. The series premiered on June 24, 2010, and aired on Global in Canada and ABC in the United States.

On July 17, 2013, Global and ABC jointly announced that Rookie Blue was renewed for a fifth season. Originally intended to be a single season consisting of 22 episodes (up from the usual 13), the season was split in two. Season 5 premiered on May 19, 2014, on Global, on June 19 on ABC, and on July 20 on Universal Channel in the UK. The second 11 episodes aired in 2015 and were later re-branded as season 6. The final episode of Season 6 aired that July.

On October 16, 2015, it was announced that Rookie Blue had completed its run after six seasons and would not be returning.
Ellam Inba Mayam
Ellam Inba Mayam (transl. Happily ever after) is a 1955 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Jitten Banerji. The film stars T. R. Ramachandran, K. A. Thangavelu, Ragini and Rajasulochana. It was released on 1 April 1955.

K. A. Thangavelu
Karaikal Arunachalam Thangavelu (15 January 1917 – 28 September 1994) popularly known as "Danaal Thangavelu", was an Indian actor and comedian popular in the 1950s to 1970s. Not known for physical, acrobatic comedy like his contemporaries J. P. Chandrababu and Nagesh, Thangavelu's humour is recognised for his impeccable timing in verbal agility and the characteristic twang of his delivery. He exclusively acted in Tamil films.
Ahmedabad - Saharsa Express
The 19483 / 19484 Ahmedabad–Saharsa Express is an express train that runs between Ahmedabad Junction in Gujarat and Saharsa Junction in Bihar, passing through key stations such as Muzaffarpur, Patliputra, Vadodara, and Surat.

Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur pronunciationⓘ is a city in the Muzaffarpur district, situated on the banks of the Burhi Gandak River in the Tirhut division of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both the Tirhut division and the Muzaffarpur district. Muzaffarpur is the fourth most populous city in Bihar and is often referred to as the Capital of North Bihar.

The city is renowned for its Shahi lychee, earning it the nickname Lychee Kingdom of India.

A study conducted by the Government of Bihar identified Muzaffarpur, along with Patna, Vaishali, Gaya, and Begusarai, as one of the top five districts in the state in terms of rapid economic growth.
Lan's Lantern
Lan's Lantern was a science fiction fanzine edited by George "Lan" Laskowski. It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Fanzine from 1986 through 1996, winning in 1986 and 1991. It is called an appreciation zine because it specialized in issues celebrating a single science fiction author, such as issue #11 on Clifford D. Simak or issue #9 about the writings of Jack Williamson which appeared in Amazing Stories in the early 1950s. Issues ranged from 30 to 120 pages. The first was published in April 1976 and the last (#47) in December 1998. Mike Resnick wrote in 2002:

"Lan's Lantern not only runs the best articles and most thoughtful reviews of any fanzine around, but also has become the Rand McNally of the fannish community."

Laskowski died in 1999 and a memorial website was launched by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.

Clifford D. Simak
Clifford Donald Simak (/ˈsɪmək/; August 3, 1904 – April 25, 1988) was an American science fiction writer and journalist. He won three Hugo Awards and one Nebula Award. The Science Fiction Writers of America made him its third SFWA Grand Master, and the Horror Writers Association made him one of three inaugural winners of the Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement. He is associated with the pastoral science fiction subgenre.
Tuau Lapua Lapua
Tuau Lapua Lapua (born 15 April 1991 in Nanumaga) is a Tuvaluan weightlifter.

At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, he finished in 15th position in the men’s final for weightlifting (62 kg), with a lift of 220 kg.

In Weightlifting at the 2011 Pacific Games he won:  -62 kg Clean & Jerk,  -62 kg Snatch,  -62 kg Total.

He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's 62 kg  where he finished with a rank of 12.

At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, he made history by winning his country’s first ever gold medal in major sporting competition, when he won the  62 kg snatch. He also won   62 kg clean and jerk, and  62 kg combined event.

At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, he did not finish his event, failing to record a lift in the snatch.

2013 Pacific Mini Games
The 2013 Pacific Mini Games was the ninth edition of these Mini Games. They were held in Mata Utu in Wallis and Futuna from 2 to 12 September 2013. It was the first time the games had been held in Wallis and Futuna.
Hammerblow
A hammerblow is a martial arts attack made with both hands interlocked at the fingers. The added weight and control (as opposed to a regular punch) allows for a slower, but more powerful strike. The attack is also more widely known as a double axe handle strike in Professional Wrestling.

To execute, one brings their palms together (slightly off-centre), locks the fingers downward, then swings at an opponent as if they were holding a club-weapon (like a bat). The technique is generally agreed upon as ineffective by most combat sports professionals, but remains a popular move in media and fight choreography due to the perceived power of the technique and ease of framing. It is most famous for its usage in Star Trek where Captain Kirk famously used the technique against the Gorn. It has also appeared in other popular media such as Dragon Ball and Final Fantasy VII.

Baseball bat
A baseball bat is a smooth wooden or metal club used in the sport of baseball to hit the ball after it is thrown by the pitcher. By regulation it may be no more than 2.61 inches (6.6 cm) in diameter at the thickest part and no more than 42 inches (1.067 m) in length. Although historically bats approaching 3 pounds (1.4 kg) or 48 oz were used, modern bats of 33 ounces (0.94 kg) are common, topping out at 34 to 36 ounces (0.96 to 1.02 kg).
Killucan (civil parish)
Killucan (Irish: Cill Liúcainne) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Mullingar.

Killucan is the sole civil parish in the barony of Farbill in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 35,625.3 acres (144.170 km2).

The neighbouring civil parishes are:

Killagh, Killulagh and Rathconnell to the north

Killaconnigan and Killyon (both in County Meath) to the east

Clonard (in County Meath) to the south

Enniscoffey, Lynn, Mullingar and Pass of Kilbride to the west

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Conwy (UK Parliament constituency)
Conwy (Conway prior to 1983) was an electoral constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) by the single-member district plurality (also known as first-past-the-post) system of voting.

The constituency was created for the 1950 general election, and abolished for the 2010 general election.

Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor (/ˈbæŋɡɔːr/, /-ɡər/; Welsh: [ˈbaŋɡɔr] ⓘ) is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, Wales. Historically part of Caernarfonshire, the community had a population of 15,060 at the 2021 census, and the built up area had a population of 16,990. Landmarks include Bangor Cathedral, Bangor University and Garth Pier. The Britannia and Menai Suspension bridges connect the city to the Isle of Anglesey.
Lukavets
Lukavets (Ukrainian: Лукавець) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Pidkamin settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From 1918 to 1939, the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.

The villages of Lukavets, Zvyzhen, Batkiv, and Mezhyhory were previously subordinated to the Batkiv village council. The population is 198 people.

Until 18 July 2020, Lukavets belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Zolochiv Raion
Zolochiv Raion (Ukrainian: Золочівський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Zolochiv. Population: 158,943 (2022 estimate).

It was established in 1939.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Zolochiv Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Brody and Busk Raions, were merged into Zolochiv Raion. At the same time, part of Zolochiv Raion was transferred to Lviv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 68,394 (2020 est.).
George Goldney
George Hone Goldney (baptised 23 January 1816 – 22 October 1871) was an English clergyman who played in a single first-class cricket match for Cambridge University in 1838. His exact birthdate is not known, but he was baptised at Buckingham and died in London.

The record for Goldney's one first-class cricket match is incomplete: it is known that he batted just once, scoring 5; there is no record whether he bowled or kept wicket, and nor is it known whether he was right- or left-handed.

Buckingham
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/ BUK-ing-əm) is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Banbury, and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Oxford.

Buckingham was the county town of Buckinghamshire from the 10th century, when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham, until Aylesbury took over this role in the 18th century.

Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a market town. Britain's first private university, the University of Buckingham, is based here.
Vřesovice (Prostějov District)
Vřesovice is a municipality and village in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

Vřesovice lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Prostějov, 23 km (14 mi) south of Olomouc, and 211 km (131 mi) east of Prague.

Prostějov
Prostějov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈproscɛjof] ⓘ; German: Proßnitz) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 43,000 inhabitants. The city is historically known for its fashion industry. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

AČR special forces unit 601. skss is based in Prostějov.
Château de Rosny-sur-Seine
The Château de Rosny-sur-Seine is a château in the Louis XIII style, situated in Rosny-sur-Seine in Yvelines, on the left bank of the Seine, at a short driving distance from Paris by the road to Rouen.
It is famous as the seat of Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully, who retired to the old château to heal from his wounds at the battle of Ivry, 1590, and constructed the present building on old foundations in the closing years of the 16th century.  It went through several substantial alterations in the 19th and 20th centuries, and a period of neglect in the 1980s and 1990s.  As of 2004, it is under renovation.

Château
A château (plural châteaux, both pronounced [ʃɑto]) is a manor house, or palace, or residence of the lord of the manor, or a fine country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions.

Nowadays, a château may be any stately residence built in a French style; the term is additionally often used for a winegrower's estate, especially in the Bordeaux region of France.
2014 New York state high school boys basketball championships
The 2014 Federation Tournament of Champions took place at the Times Union Center in downtown Albany on March 21, 22 and 23. Federation championships were awarded in the AA, A and B classifications. Christ the King in Middle Village, Queens won the Class AA championship. Andre Walker of Christ the King was named the Class AA tournament's Most Valuable Player. Scotia-Glenville in Scotia won the Class A championship. Joe Cremo was named the Class A tournament's Most Valuable Player.

Christ the King Regional High School
Christ the King Regional High School is a co-educational, college preparatory, Catholic high school for grades 9–12 located in Middle Village, Queens, New York, United States and established in 1962. It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. The school is next to the Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue station of the New York City Subway's M train.
Alt for Egil
Alt For Egil is a 2004 Norwegian musical film directed by Tore Rygh, starring Kristoffer Joner and Trond Høvik. Egil Hjelmeland (Joner) is a pizza delivery driver who decides to teach his best friend Jan-Ove Tofte (Høvik), who is intellectually disabled, how to drive the delivery car. The title is a play on 'Alt for Norge' (Norwegian: All for Norway) which is a patriotic Norwegian motto dating to World War II.

Pizza delivery
Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer. An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet, in which the customer can request pizza type and size, and other items to be delivered with it, commonly including soft drinks. Pizzas may be delivered in cardboard pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter or bicycle. Customers can, depending on the provider, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit card, debit card or other means. A delivery fee is sometimes charged, although free delivery is also common.
Taula de canvi de Barcelona
The Taula de canvi of Barcelona, created in 1401 and still extant in diminished form in the 19th century, was a municipal bank in Barcelona that has been described as the first-ever central bank. A Taula de canvi ("Table of change" in Catalan), also Taula de cambi or simply Taula, was a type of municipal public bank that existed in the Crown of Aragon in the late Middle Ages and early modern period.

Giro (banking)
A giro transfer, often shortened to giro (/ˈdʒaɪroʊ, ˈʒɪəroʊ/), is a payment transfer between current bank accounts and initiated by the payer, not the payee. The debit card has a similar model. Giros are primarily used in Europe; although electronic payment systems exist in the United States (e.g., the Automated Clearing House), it is not possible to perform third-party transfers with them. In the European Union, the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) allows electronic giro or debit card payments in euros to be executed to any euro bank account in the area.
Lotte Chemical Titan
Lotte Chemical Titan Holding Sdn Bhd engages in the ownership and operation of polypropylene plants, polyethylene plants, ethylene crackers, and aromatic plants. It offers high-density polyethylene (HDPE), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) for various kinds of applications, room household goods to automotives products. The company also manufactures low-density polyethylene for injection molding for cosmetic containers, bottle closures, and food containers, and is based in Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.

Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.
Codville Lagoon Marine Provincial Park
Codville Lagoon Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the southwest end of King Island. The park was created in 1965 because it is a significant site to the Heiltsuk People. This park, which is approximately 755 ha. in area, has an unmaintained trail to Sagar Lake which has a red sand beach. Created in 1992, it was expanded in 1995 by the incorporation of the former Sugar Lake Provincial Park.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
Spitfire Lake
Spitfire Lake is a part of the St. Regis River in the Adirondacks in northern New York State and is 250-acre (1.0 km2) in area.  Along with Upper and Lower St. Regis Lake, it became well-known in the late 19th century as a summer playground of America's power elite, drawn to the area by its scenery and by the "rustic charms" of Paul Smith's Hotel. It is the site of a number of grand old summer "cottages" and Great Camps; Frederick W. Vanderbilt, Anson Phelps Stokes and Whitelaw Reid were among the summer residents.  "The camps of many of these families began as tent colonies, with separate units for sleeping, dining, games, and so on, and evolved into permanent structures built with understated taste".

Spitfire is part of the original Seven Carries canoe route from Paul Smith's Hotel to Saranac Inn.

The Inlet, Spitfire Lake, 1903

A "Camp" on Spitfire Lake

Boat house on Spitfire Lake

Elite
In political and sociological theory, the elite (/ɛ.ˈliːt/ or /ɪ.ˈliːt/; from French: élite, from Latin: eligere, to select or to sort out) are a small group of powerful or wealthy people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a group. Defined by the Cambridge Dictionary, the "elite" are "the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society".

American sociologist C. Wright Mills states that members of the elite accept their fellows' position of importance in society. "As a rule, 'they accept one another, understand one another, marry one another, tend to work, and to think, if not together at least alike'." It is a well-regulated existence where education plays a critical role.
Star Media Group (Turkey)
Star Media Group (Star Medya Grubu, STAR Medya Yayıncılık A.Ş.) is a Turkish media group. Among other properties, it owns the Star newspaper and the television channel Channel 24.

The company was co-founded by Ahmet Özal and Cem Uzan and was previously part of the Uzan Holding. In 2004 Star was seized by the Turkish government, along with the other assets of the Uzan Group. The paper was transferred to the TMSF, and then sold several times. It is now again part of the Star Media Group, which was acquired by Nihat Özdemir of Rixos from Ethem Sancak in 2009, with Tevhit Karakaya acquiring 50% in 2010.

In May 2013, 50% of the Group was sold to Azerbaijan's SOCAR oil company.

Ahmet Özal
Tevfik Ahmet Özal (born 3 December 1955) is a Turkish politician, the son of former Turkish President and Prime Minister Turgut Özal and a member of the Özal family. He has been an MP, and co-founded the Uzan Group and later the Özal Group.
Bull Brown
John Neil "Bull" Brown was an American football and baseball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. He was said by coach Dan McGugin to be one of his six best players ever coached. He was selected All-Southern in 1928 and 1929, and All-American in 1929. One of his best games came tackling Minnesota running back Bronko Nagurski. He ran 85 yards for a touchdown on 1928 national champion Georgia Tech. He was from Ardmore, Alabama.

Ardmore, Alabama
Ardmore is a town in northeastern Limestone County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Metro Area. The population was 1,321 at the 2020 census, It borders its sister city Ardmore, Tennessee.