hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bakersfield Department of Water Resources
The Bakersfield Department of Water Resources is a municipal utility in Bakersfield, California. Primarily it manages the city's water rights to the Kern River. Water is sent to water retailers that the city has contracts with, and recharge basins to seep into the groundwater table. The department also manages water distributions to most of Southwest Bakersfield and a small part of Northwest Bakersfield.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
The Bad Companions
The Bad Companions is a 1932 British comedy film directed by J. O. C. Orton and starring Nor Kiddie, Renee Gadd and Wallace Lupino. The title is a reference to the 1929 novel The Good Companions by J. B. Priestley which was itself made into a film the following year.

It was made at Welwyn Studios as a second feature by British International Pictures.

J. B. Priestley
John Boynton Priestley (/ˈpriːstli/; 13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator.

His Yorkshire background is reflected in much of his fiction, notably in The Good Companions (1929), which first brought him to wide public notice. Many of his plays are structured around a time slip, and he went on to develop a new theory of time, with different dimensions that link past, present and future.

In 1940, he broadcast a series of short propaganda radio talks, which were credited with strengthening civilian morale during the Battle of Britain. In the following years his left-wing beliefs brought him into conflict with the government and influenced the development of the welfare state. He wrote a number of plays during this period, including An Inspector Calls (1945).
Crosswell
Crosswell (Welsh: Ffynnon-groes) is a hamlet on the B4329 road in the community of Eglwyswrw, Pembrokeshire, Wales, in the parish of Meline. It is 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Cardigan, 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Haverfordwest and 11 miles (18 km) east of Fishguard.

Fishguard
Fishguard (Welsh: Abergwaun, meaning "Mouth of the River Gwaun") is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 3,400 (rounded to the nearest 100) as of the 2021 census. Modern Fishguard consists of two parts, Lower Fishguard and the "Main Town". Fishguard and Goodwick are twin towns with a joint Town Council.

Lower Fishguard is believed to be the site of the original hamlet from which modern Fishguard has grown. It is in a deep valley where the River Gwaun meets the sea, hence the Welsh name for Fishguard. It is a typical fishing village with a short tidal quay. The settlement stretches along the north slope of the valley.

The main town contains the parish church, the High Street and most of the modern development, and lies upon the hill to the south of Lower Fishguard, to which it is joined by a steep and winding road. The west part of the town that faces Goodwick grew in the first decade of the 20th century with the development of Fishguard Harbour.
Told in the Hills
Told in the Hills is a 1919 American silent Western film produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Artcraft. George Melford directed the film and Robert Warwick stars. It was based on the same-titled 1891 novel by Marah Ellis Ryan.

Marah Ellis Ryan
Marah Ellis Ryan (née Martin; February 27, 1860 or 1866 –  July 11, 1934), also known as Ellis Martin,  was an author, actress, and activist from the United States. She was considered an authority on Native Americans after living with the Hopi.
Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
In Buddhism, the bodhipakkhiyā dhammā (Pali; variant spellings include bodhipakkhikā dhammā and bodhapakkhiyā dhammā; Skt.: bodhipakṣa dharma) are qualities (dhammā) conducive or related to (pakkhiya) awakening/understanding (bodhi), i.e. the factors and wholesome qualities which are developed when the mind is trained (bhavana).

In the Pali commentaries, the term bodhipakkhiyā dhammā is used to refer to seven sets of such qualities regularly attributed to the Buddha throughout the Pali Canon. Within these seven sets of bodhi-related qualities, there is listed a total of thirty-seven repetitious and interrelated qualities (sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyā dhammā).

These seven sets of qualities are recognized by both Theravadan and Mahayanan Buddhists as complementary facets of the Buddhist path to bodhi.

Sutta Piṭaka
The Sutta Piṭaka (also referred to as Sūtra Piṭaka or Suttanta Piṭaka; English: Basket of Discourse) is the second of the three divisions of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism. The other two parts of the Tripiṭaka are the Vinaya Piṭaka (Basket of Discipline) and the Abhidhamma Piṭaka (Basket of Higher Doctrine). The Sutta Pitaka contains more than 10,000 suttas (teachings) attributed to the Buddha or his close companions.
Bisakol languages
Bisakol (portmanteau of Bisaya and Bikol) is an informal term for the three Bisayan languages spoken in the Bicol Region.

These languages include "Sorsoganon", namely Northern Sorsogon (Masbate Sorsogon) and Southern Sorsogon (Waray Sorsogon). The latter is spoken in seven municipalities in Southern Sorsogon, viz. Matnog, Gubat, Bulan, Irosin, Sta. Magdalena, Barcelona and Bulusan. Northern Sorsogon is closely related to Masbateño (hence, the alternate name Masbate Sorsogon), while Southern Sorsogon is closely related to the cross-strait Waray spoken in Northern Samar.

Also included is Masbateño of Masbate, which is closer to the languages of Panay: Capiznon and Hiligaynon. For geopolitical purposes, it might retain some Bicolano influence from the province's inclusion in the Bicol Region.

On the Ethnologue map of the region, Masbate Sorsogon is 82, Masbatenyo is 85 and Waray Sorsogon is 83.

Matnog
Matnog, officially the Municipality of Matnog (Waray Sorsogon: Bungto san Matnog; Waray: Bungto han Matnog, Tagalog: Bayan ng Matnog), is a municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines and is the southernmost part of Luzon. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 42,444 people.

The town's port is one of the busiest in the region, playing host to millions of people crossing the San Bernardino Strait to Northern Samar annually. It is the jump off point to Visayas and vice versa.
Fort Lowell (Los Ojos, New Mexico)
The Fort Lowell in or near Los Ojos, New Mexico, was established in 1866 and operated until 1869.  It protected settlements in the area of Tierra Amarilla from the Southern Utes.  It was at first named Camp Plummer and was garrisoned by New Mexico volunteers, some of whose descendants remain in its area.

In 1869 it was abandoned and its log buildings were sold to local residents.  Some of its lumber may have been salvaged for construction of the Gilbert Martinez Barn, which stands near its location.

36°43′14″N 106°33′50″W﻿ / ﻿36.72056°N 106.56389°W﻿ / 36.72056; -106.56389

Los Ojos, New Mexico
Los Ojos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 125 as of the 2010 census. Los Ojos has a post office with ZIP code 87551, which opened on February 7, 1877. The community is located near U.S. routes 64 and 84.
Ivan Samoylovych
Ivan Samoylovych (Old Ukrainian: Іванъ Самуйлович / Иванъ (Іоан(н)ъ) Самойловичъ; Ukrainian: Іван Самойлович, Russian: Ива́н Самойло́вич, Polish: Iwan Samojłowicz; died 1690) was the Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1672 to 1687. His term in office was marked by further incorporation of the Cossack Hetmanate into the Tsardom of Russia and by attempts to win Right-bank Ukraine from Poland–Lithuania.

Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).
Osmotherly Rules
The Osmotherly Rules, named for their author, a civil servant in the Machinery of Government Division of the British Cabinet Office named E. B. C. Osmotherly, are a set of internal guidelines specifying how government departments should provide evidence to parliamentary select committees. Covering procedures for both the House of Lords and the House of Commons, it has "no formal Parliamentary standing or approval, nor does it claim to have."

Cabinet Office
The Cabinet Office is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for supporting the prime minister and Cabinet. It is composed of various units that support Cabinet committees and coordinate the delivery of government objectives via other departments. As of December 2021, it had more than 10,200 staff, mostly civil servants, some of whom work in Whitehall. Staff working in the Prime Minister's Office are part of the Cabinet Office.
Seeding
The term seeding and related terms such as seeded are used in several different contexts:

Sowing, planting seeds in a place or on an object

Cloud seeding, manipulating cloud formations

Seeding (computing), a concept in computing and peer-to-peer file sharing

Seeding (fluid dynamics), a process done while attempting to evaluate the flow of a fluid

Seeding (sex act), a reference to internal ejaculation inside a sexual partner

Seeding (sports), setting up and/or adjusting a tournament bracket

Planet seeding, or panspermia, a theory dealing with propagation of simple lifeforms to inhabit planets

A seeding machine, a mechanical device often used in agricultural work

A seeding trial, an event done during a business' marketing research

Database seeding, populating a database with an initial set of data

Seeding (fluid dynamics)
Seeding is a fundamental technique in fluid dynamics. It is used to visualize and measure fluid flow. Researchers introduce small particles, called seed particles, into a fluid. These particles move with the fluid. This allows researchers to observe and analyze the fluid's movement under different conditions.

The significance of seeding is its ability to provide insights into complex fluid behaviors. These behaviors are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. Techniques like Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) rely on seeding to obtain accurate data. Seeding is an indispensable tool in experimental fluid mechanics. It enables precise measurements and detailed visualizations. This drives advancements in science and engineering, such as investigating airflow over aircraft wings, analyzing blood flow through arteries, and studying the dispersion of pollutants in the environment.
Walter M. Mumma
Walter Mann Mumma (November 20, 1890 – February 25, 1961) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

Mumma was born in Steelton. He graduated from the Pennsylvania State Forestry Academy in Mont Alto in 1911. He was employed with the Pennsylvania State Forestry Department from 1911 to 1916.

Mumma worked with the sales department of the Lehigh Portland Cement Company in Allentown, Pennsylvania from 1916 to 1921. He was the organizer, president and manager of the Pennsylvania Supply Company of Harrisburg, from 1921 to 1947, and served as vice president from 1947 to 1951. He served as register of wills for Dauphin County from 1940 to 1944.

Mumma was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from January 1951 until his death in Bethesda, Maryland. He was interred at East Harrisburg Cemetery. Mumma voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Dauphin County (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth-most populous city. The county was created on March 4, 1785, from part of Lancaster County and was named after Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the first son of King Louis XVI. Dauphin County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located within the county is Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, site of the 1979 nuclear core meltdown. The nuclear power plant closed in 2019. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Nataša Pirc Musar
Nataša Pirc Musar (born May 9, 1968) is a Slovenian attorney, author, and politician serving as President of Slovenia since 2022. She is a former Information Commissioner (2004–2014), a former journalist, and former president of the Slovenian Red Cross (2015–2016).

Pirc Musar is best known for her rulings and books on freedom of information, legal opinions, and high-profile legal cases, in which she represented Slovenian-born Melania Trump, First Lady of the United States as wife of President Donald Trump, the Social Democrats political party of Slovenia, and other notable clients.

In the second round of the 2022 presidential election, she was elected the first female president of Slovenia, defeating Anže Logar of the Slovenian Democratic Party.

Slovenian Red Cross
The Slovenian Red Cross (Slovene: Rdeči križ Slovenije) is a non-government and non-profit humanitarian organisation, part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established in Gradac in June 1944, at first as part of the Yugoslav Red Cross. It became an independent entity after the Slovenian proclamation of independence in 1991. It has its headquarters in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Nim (programming language)
Nim is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, statically typed, compiled, high-level system programming language. It was designed and developed by a team led by Andreas Rumpf. Nim aims to be "efficient, expressive, and elegant", and supports metaprogramming, functional, message passing, procedural, and object-oriented programming paradigms. Nim includes features such as compile-time code generation, algebraic data types, and a foreign function interface (FFI) for interfacing with C, C++, Objective-C, and JavaScript. It also supports compilation to these same languages as intermediate representations.

Compiled language
Informally, a compiled language is a programming language that is usually implemented with a compiler rather than an interpreter. Because any language can theoretically be either compiled or interpreted, the term lacks clarity: compilation and interpretation are properties of a programming language implementation, not of a programming language. Some languages have both compilers and interpreters. Furthermore, a single implementation can involve both a compiler and an interpreter. For example, in some environments, source code is first compiled to an intermediate form (e.g., bytecode), which is then interpreted by an application virtual machine. In other environments, a just-in-time compiler selectively compiles some code at runtime, blurring the distinction further.
Anarsia lineatella
Anarsia lineatella, the peach twig borer,  is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is commonly found in Europe, but was introduced to California in the 1880s.

The wingspan is 11–14 mm. The moths are on wing from June to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Prunus species, including Prunus avium, Prunus spinosa, Prunus domestica and Prunus insititia. In California, A. lineatella is a significant pest of local almond plantations.

Prunus avium
Prunus avium, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere. It is an ancestor of P. cerasus (sour cherry).

All parts of the plant except for the ripe fruit are slightly toxic, containing cyanogenic glycosides. The species is often cultivated as an ornamental tree.
Johan August Lundell
Johan August Lundell (25 July 1851 in Kläckeberga, Möre – 28 January 1940 in  Uppsala) was a Swedish linguist, professor of Slavic languages at Uppsala University. He is known for his work on Swedish dialects and for developing Landsmålsalfabetet, a phonetic alphabet used in dialect research.

Möre
Möre is one of the original small lands of Småland, a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden. It corresponds to the south-eastern part of modern Kalmar County. Möre was divided into two hundreds: Möre Northern Hundred and Möre Southern Hundred.
Penicillium jejuense
Penicillium jejuense is a fungus species in the family Trichocomaceae. Discovered during a survey of fungal biodiversity in a marine environment in Korea, the species was described as new to science in 2015. Its sister species is P. crocicola, from which it can be differentiated by differences in culture morphology and sclerotia production when grown on various types of growth media. The specific epithet jejuense refers to the type locality, Jeju Island.

Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.

The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
Rotwand
Rotwand ("Red Wall" or "Red Face") or variation, is the name of several well-known peaks in the Alps:

Sextener Rotwand (2,965 m s.l.m.), in the Sexten Dolomites of South Tyrol

Rotwand (Rosengarten Group) (2,806 m s.l.m.), in the Rosengarten Group near the Karer Pass in South Tyrol

Rotwand (Allgäu Alps) (2,262 m above sea level (AA)), in the Allgäu Alps in Tyrol

Rotwand (Bavaria) (1,884 m above NN), in the Mangfall Mountains near Bayrischzell in Bavaria

Rotwandlspitze (German: Red Wall Peak), a mountain in Bavaria, Germany

Rote Wand (German: Red Wall), a mountain in Austria

Sextener Rotwand
The Sextener Rotwand (Italian: Croda Rossa di Sesto; German: Sextener Rotwand) or Zehner is a mountain in the Sexten Dolomites in South Tyrol, Italy. During the so-called "White War" in World War I, the mountain was heavily contested by the armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary.
UTA Independent Film Group
UTA Independent Film Group is the film financing, packaging, and sales division of United Talent Agency (UTA). Based in Beverly Hills, California, the group specializes in structuring financing and brokering distribution deals for independent films at major festivals, including Sundance, TIFF, and Cannes.

It is currently led by partner and head Rena Ronson and co-head Jim Meenaghan.

Palm Springs (2020 film)
Palm Springs is a 2020 American science fiction romantic comedy film directed by Max Barbakow (in his feature directorial debut) from a screenplay by Andy Siara, based on a story by Barbakow and Siara. Starring Andy Samberg (who also produced the film), Cristin Milioti, and J. K. Simmons, it focuses on two strangers who meet at a wedding in Palm Springs only to find themselves stuck in a time loop.

Palm Springs premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival on January 26, and it was simultaneously released on Hulu and in select theaters by Neon on July 10, 2020. The film received critical acclaim for its use of the concept and cast performances. At the 78th Golden Globe Awards, it earned two nominations: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for Samberg. Among other accolades, it won Best Comedy at the 26th Critics' Choice Awards.
Rzędziwojowice
Rzędziwojowice (pronounced [ʐɛnd͡ʑivɔjɔˈvit͡sɛ], German: Geppersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niemodlin, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

While many acts of brutality occurred, mortality at Geppersdorf was relatively low. Only one of the SA guards was apprehended after the war and was sentenced to death before a Polish court because of atrocities he had committed at Geppersdorf and Auschwitz. As opposed to Gross Sarne and some other RAB camps, Geppersdorf was closed in June 1945, instead of being transformed into a Schmelt camp. The inmates were dispersed to several Schmelt camps, including Blechhammer (Blachownia Śląska) and Gross Sarne (Sarny Wielkie).

Opole County, Opole Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole.

The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.
Karen Ng (philosopher)
Karen Ng is an associate professor of philosophy at Vanderbilt University. From 2023 to 2025, she was an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellow at Center for Post-Kantian Philosophy of the University of Potsdam.

University of Potsdam
The University of Potsdam is a public university in Potsdam, capital of the state of Brandenburg, northeastern Germany.

The university is mainly situated across three campuses in the city. Some faculty buildings are part of the New Palace of Sanssouci which is known for its UNESCO World Heritage status.

The University of Potsdam is Brandenburg's largest university and the fourth largest in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area. More than 8,000 people are working in scholarship and science.

In 2009 the University of Potsdam became a winner in the "Excellence in Teaching" initiative of the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft (Business innovation agency for the German science system).