hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chowk Bazaar
Chowk Bazaar is a sprawling wholesale market area in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with hundreds of shops, market stalls and vendors.  It dates to the 17th century CE when the area was under Mughal rule. The bazaar is located in the Chowkbazar Thana part of Old Dhaka.

Beside the market square is Chawk Mosque, built in 1676 by Shaista Khan, the Subahdar of Mughal Bengal. It is 94 feet long and 80 feet wide and has three domes.

Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan, Bakhshi, Faujdar, Kotwal, Qazi, Sadr, Waqa-i-Navis, Qanungo and Patwari. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks).
Malavli
Malavli is a town and a hill station in Pune district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is about 55 km away from the city of Pune, 139 km away from the city Mumbai and 39 km from Chinchwad. It is a major stop on the rail line connecting Mumbai and Pune. For Mumbai suburbs local trains are available from Karjat. It is also an important town in order of Lonavala Khandala Malavli on the Mumbai-Pune road link.  Both the Mumbai-Pune Expressway as well as the Mumbai-Pune highway pass through Malavli, Lonavala. The population of Lonavala is around 10,000 as of 2010.

Karjat
Karjat (Pronunciation: [kəɾd͡zət̪]) is a city administered under a Municipal Council in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. It forms a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and is located approximately 100 km (62 mi) from both Mumbai and Pune. The city is served by Karjat railway station and the Ulhas River flows through it. The city falls under the189 Karjat Assembly constituency.
2022 Carlos Alcaraz tennis season
The 2022 Carlos Alcaraz tennis season officially began on 17 January 2022, with the start of the Australian Open in Melbourne. This was the breakout year for Carlos Alcaraz who won his first Grand Slam tournament and reached No. 1 in the world rankings, both at age 19.

During this season, Alcaraz:

Won his first and second ATP 500 events

Became the youngest winner of an ATP 500 event in history

Won his first and second Masters 1000 events

Became the youngest winner of the Miami Open in history

Became the youngest winner of the Madrid Open in history

Won his first major title at the US Open

Became the first man born in the 2000s to win a major singles title

Clinched the world No. 1 ranking for the first time, holding it for 16 weeks

Became the youngest ATP world No. 1 in history

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
1981 Irish general election
The 1981 Irish general election to the 22nd Dáil was held on Thursday, 11 June, following the dissolution of the 21st Dáil on 21 May by President Patrick Hillery on the request of Taoiseach Charles Haughey. The general election took place in 41 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 166 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas. The number of seats in the Dáil was increased by 18 from 148 under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1980.

The 22nd Dáil met at Leinster House on 30 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. Garret FitzGerald was appointed Taoiseach, forming the 17th government of Ireland, a minority coalition government of Fine Gael and the Labour Party.

21st Dáil
The 21st Dáil was elected at the 1977 general election on 16 June 1977 and met on 5 July 1977. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland, are known as TDs. It sat with the 14th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

The 21st Dáil saw a change of Taoiseach from Jack Lynch to Charles Haughey. On 21 May 1981, President Patrick Hillery dissolved the Dáil on the request of Taoiseach Charles Haughey. The 21st Dáil lasted 3 years, 320 days.
Basilica of the Nativity of Our Lady, Xagħra
The Basilica of the Nativity of Our Lady (Maltese: Knisja Kolleġġjata Bażilika ta' Marija Bambina) is a Roman Catholic parish church in Xagħra, Gozo, Malta, dedicated to the Nativity of Mary. The present building was constructed between 1815 and 1855, on the site of a smaller church which had been built in the 17th century. The dome was added in 1892. The church became a collegiate church in 1900, and a basilica in 1967.

Xagħra
Xagħra (Maltese: Ix-Xagħra) is an administrative unit of Malta on the island of Gozo. It is one of the earliest inhabited parts of Gozo, being home to the Ġgantija megalithic temples, which date back to 3600 BC, and the Xagħra Stone Circle. Natural underground features such as Xerri's Grotto and Ninu's Cave are located in this town, along with Calypso's Cave, which overlooks the red sandy beach of Ramla Bay. It is the second-largest town in Gozo, with a population of 5,161 according to the 2021 census, and it is located northeast of Victoria, the capital of Gozo.

Xagħra is a popular tourist destination due to its historical heritage and lively Victory Square. Thousands of visitors flock to Ramla Bay in summer and to the temples all year round.

During the British period, Xagħra was also known as Casal Caccia.
Tertomotide
Tertomotide (GV1001, EARPALLTSRLRFIPK) is a 16-amino acid peptide based on the 616‑626 position fragment of human telomerase reverse transcriptase protein (hTERT). It was originally developed as a peptide vaccine for cancer, as it can trigger immune attack against cancer cells which overexpress telomerase, a common mutation found in malignant tumors. However, it does not block telomerase activity in healthy tissue and has been found to produce various useful activities in its own right including antiviral, antiinflammatory and antidepressant effects, and has been trialled for numerous other medical applications including Alzheimer's disease as well as its original role in the treatment of cancer.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the  most important unit of the telomerase complex.

Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent polymerases.  Telomerase lengthens telomeres in DNA strands, thereby allowing senescent cells that would otherwise become postmitotic and undergo apoptosis to exceed the Hayflick limit and become potentially immortal, as is often the case with cancerous cells. To be specific, TERT is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides in a TTAGGG sequence to the ends of a chromosome's telomeres. This addition of repetitive DNA sequences prevents degradation of the chromosomal ends following multiple rounds of replication.

hTERT absence (usually as a result of a chromosomal mutation) is associated with the disorder Cri du chat.
Anna Stiegler
Anna Stiegler (born  Anna Behrend: 21 April 1881 – 23 June 1963) was a German politician (SPD).   She is remembered, in particular, for her contributions on women's issues and social policy more generally.   During the Nazi years she was involved in what came to be termed "antifascist resistance", spending much of the period in prison.

She was married twice, and may be identified in sources, using her first married name, as Anna Vogt.

Bürgerschaft of Bremen
The State Parliament of Bremen (Bremische Bürgerschaft, lit. 'Bremish Citizenry'  or 'Citizenry of Bremen') is the legislative branch of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen in Germany. The state parliament elects the members of the Senate (executive), exercises oversight of the executive, and passes legislation. It currently consists of 87 members from six parties. The current majority is a coalition of the Social Democratic Party, Alliance 90/The Greens and The Left, supporting Mayor and Senate president Andreas Bovenschulte. The 72 delegates of the city of Bremen also form the Stadtbürgerschaft (the local parliament of the city), while Bremerhaven has its own local parliament.
Chanda Katotobwe
Chanda Augustine Katotobwe is a Zambian politician and Member of Parliament for Luapula constituency in Lunga District of Luapula Province. He was elected to the position under the Patriotic Front Party in August 2021.

Lunga District
Lunga District is a district in the Luapula Province of Zambia. It was declared a district in 2012 by Michael Sata (by splitting Samfya District). The district comprises archipelago of islands in the Bangweulu Wetlands in the south-east of Lake Bangweulu. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 39,383 people.
Charles Rocha
Charles Rocha is an American musician, songwriter and producer living in Los Angeles, California, United States. He was born in Campinas, Brazil, and is of British/Scottish descent. Rocha played lead guitar/backup vocals for the Miami ska/punk/rumba band Askultura.  He was also chief engineer/producer for The Kitchen Studio in Oakland Park, Florida.  Rocha writes, records and releases his own songs under the moniker That Summer. That Summer produced and released its first full-length album, Acoustic Hippie Punk, totally DIY, in December 2017.  He has played in many notable bands throughout his life including Bear Cub, Craig's Brother and The Berlin Project.  His first band was formed in Oakmont, Pennsylvania, in his mother's basement.  They were called My Life Tragic.

Oakmont, Pennsylvania
Oakmont is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Allegheny River. The population was 6,758 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The borough is best known for the nearby Oakmont Country Club, a premier golf course that has been the site of numerous U.S. Open golf tournaments.
Little Beaver Creek (Missouri)
Little Beaver Creek is a stream in Douglas, Christian and Taney counties of southern Missouri.

The stream headwaters arise in northwestern Douglas County on the east flank of Keyger Mountain just west of Missouri Route AK to the northwest of Arden and south of Dogwood and about nine miles west-northwest of Ava. The stream flows south to southwest through western Douglas County. It is bridged by Missouri Route T just east of Merritt and Route DD west of Cross Roads. The stream then enters the Mark Twain National Forest. In the southwest corner of Douglas County the stream meanders for a short span into and out of southeast Christian County, back into Douglas and immediately south into Taney County. In northern Taney County the stream runs parallel to Missouri Route 125 for about one mile before joining Beaver Creek just northeast of Bradleyville. The stream source is at an elevation of approximately 1490 feet and the elevation of the confluence is 814 feet.

Dogwood, Douglas County, Missouri
Dogwood is an unincorporated community in northwestern Douglas County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Missouri Route 14, approximately 15.5 miles (24.9 km) northwest of Ava and 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southwest of Seymour. The old store building sits at the intersection of Route 14 with route BB and the Dogwood cemetery is 1,300 feet (400 m) to the west at the intersection of routes 14 and Z.
Luc Vandal
Luc Vandal (born 1955 in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec) is a Canadian Quebecois film producer. He is most noted as a producer of Denis Villeneuve's 2000 film Maelström, which won the Genie Award for Best Picture at the 21st Genie Awards and the Jutra Award for Best Film at the 3rd Jutra Awards.

Québécois people
Québécois (French pronunciation: [kebekwa] ⓘ; also known as Quebecers or Quebeckers in English) are people associated with Quebec. The term is most often used in reference to either descendants of the French settlers in Quebec or people of any ethnicity who live and trace their origins to the province of Quebec.

Self-identification as Québécois became dominant starting in the 1960s; prior to this, the francophone people of Quebec mostly identified themselves as French Canadians and as Canadiens before anglophones started identifying as Canadians as well. A majority in the House of Commons of Canada in 2006 approved a motion by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which stated that the Québécois are a nation within a united Canada. Harper later elaborated that the motion's definition of Québécois relies on personal decisions to self-identify as Québécois, and therefore is a personal choice.
Belmont, Shetland
Belmont is a settlement and ferry terminal in southern Unst in the Shetland Islands. The ferry crosses Bluemull Sound from here to Gutcher in Yell and to Hamars Ness in Fetlar.

Belmont House, a Georgian mansion built in 1775 by Thomas Mouat, was restored by Historic Scotland amongst others, and opened to the public in 2011.

Bluemull Sound
Bluemull Sound is the strait between Unst and Yell in Shetland's North Isles. A ferry service crosses it regularly. Cullivoe is on the Yell side, and the island of Linga lies in the strait.

The Sound was referred to as "Blumel sound" in early 1800 nautical references It was later referred to as Bluemull Sound in 1865. It is unclear why there is such a discrepancy in the name.
Willamette Pass
Willamette Pass (5,128 ft or 1,563 m) is a mountain pass crossing the crest of the Cascade Range in Oregon, United States. It is less commonly known as Willamette Summit. The pass is traversed by Oregon Route 58 and by Union Pacific's (ex-Southern Pacific) Cascade Subdivision, which provides rail access between Portland, Oregon, and California. Amtrak's Coast Starlight uses this route on its way between Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles. The Willamette Pass Resort ski area is located above the pass.

Coast Starlight
The Coast Starlight is a long-distance passenger train operated by Amtrak on the West Coast of the United States between Seattle and Los Angeles via Portland and the San Francisco Bay Area. The train, which has operated continuously since Amtrak's formation in 1971, was the first to offer direct service between Seattle and Los Angeles. Its name is a combination of two prior Southern Pacific (SP) trains, the Coast Daylight and the Starlight.

During fiscal year (FY) 2024, the Coast Starlight carried 359,432 passengers, an increase of 6.3% from FY 2023. In FY 2024, the train made 730 trips and 1 million train miles; it had a total revenue of $49.5 million, and operating expenses of $93.9 million.
Chak Sing Lau
Chak Sing Lau (Chinese: 劉澤星; Jyutping: Lau4 Zaak6 Sing1) is a Hong Kong rheumatologist. He is the current Dean of Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong (HKU), the Daniel CK Yu Professor in Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and Chair Professor of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology. Previously, he was the chairperson of the Department of Medicine at HKU, the chief of service (medicine) of Queen Mary Hospital, and the president of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine.

Newcastle College
Newcastle College is a large further education and higher education college in Newcastle upon Tyne, with more than 16,000 students enrolled each year on a variety of full time, part time, and distance learning. It is the largest further education college in the North East of England and one of the largest in the United Kingdom.

The college provides Further Education, Apprenticeships and adult courses across 23 subject areas, as well as higher education through Newcastle College University Centre.

Newcastle College is a division of NCG, one of the largest education, training and employability organisations in the UK.
Penal notice
In civil procedure a penal notice is a warning endorsed on a court order, which notifies the recipient is liable to committal to prison or to pay a fine for breach of the order.  In the case of a company or corporation, their assets may be seized.

Court order
A court order is an official proclamation by a judge (or panel of judges) that defines the legal relationships between the parties to a hearing, a trial, an appeal or other court proceedings. Such ruling requires or authorizes the carrying out of certain steps by one or more parties to a case. A court order must be signed by a judge; some jurisdictions may also require it to be notarized. A court order governs each case throughout its entirety. If an individual violates the court order, the judge may hold that person in contempt.
Jasenovce
Jasenovce (Hungarian: Jeszenőc) is a village and municipality in Vranov nad Topľou District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1543.

The municipality lies at an altitude of 166 metres and covers an area of 5.651 km². It has a population of about 232 people.

Prešov Region
The Prešov Region (Slovak: Prešovský kraj, pronounced [ˈpreʂɔwskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Eperjesi kerület), also Priashiv Region (Ukrainian: Пряшівський край, romanized: Priashivskyi krai, pronounced [ˈprʲɑʃiu̯sʲkɪj ˈkrɑj]), is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions and consists of 13 districts (okresy) and 666 municipalities, 23 of which have town status. The region was established in 1996 and is the most populous of all the regions in Slovakia. Its administrative center is the city of Prešov.
Kit Kats in Japan
There have been more than 400 limited-edition seasonal and regional flavors of Kit Kat chocolate bars produced in Japan since 2000, many exclusive to the country. Nestlé, which operates the Kit Kat brand in Japan, reports that the brand overtook Meiji Chocolate as the top-selling confectionery in Japan from 2012 to 2014. The company's marketing campaign, which partnered with Japan Post to sell the bar in 20,000 post offices, won an award in 2010. The campaign encouraged associations of the product's name with the coincidental cognate Kitto Katsu (きっと勝つ), translated as "You will surely win", and could be mailed as a good luck charm for students ahead of university exams.

Soy sauce
Soy sauce (sometimes called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, traditionally made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds. It is recognized for its saltiness and pronounced umami taste.

Soy sauce was created in its current form about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China. Since then, it has become an important ingredient in East and Southeast Asian cooking as well as a condiment worldwide.
S v Zuma
S v Zuma and Others was the first case decided by the Constitutional Court of South Africa after it was established in 1995. The case dealt with a provision of the Criminal Procedure Act which required the defence in criminal cases to prove that a confession made before a magistrate was coerced, rather than requiring the state to prove that it was not coerced. The court held that this reverse onus provision was unconstitutional because it violated the right to a fair trial under section 25 of the Interim Constitution.

Reverse onus
A reverse onus clause is a provision within a statute that shifts the burden of proof onto the individual specified to disprove an element of the information. Typically, this particular provision concerns a shift in burden onto a defendant in either a criminal offence or tort claim. For example, the automotive legislation in many countries provides that any driver who hits a pedestrian has the burden of establishing that they were not negligent.
Kirungi Annet Pamela
Kirungi Annet Pamela, also known as Pamela Annet Kirungi, is a Ugandan politician. In the 2026 Ugandan general election,  she was elected unopposed to the Parliament of Uganda as a woman's representative for Kabarole District. She was the flag bearer for the National Resistance Movement party, she will be representing Kabarole District in the 12th Parliament for the term 2026–2031.

2026 Ugandan general election
General elections were held in Uganda on 15 January 2026 to elect the President and the Parliament.

The elections were violent and disputed, with the US senate calling it a 'hollow exercise' and Human Right Watch stating they 'were marred by human rights abuses'. The Ugandan government locked up thousands of opposition supporters, shut down the internet  and raided the house of opposition presidential candidate Bobi Wine.

Incumbent president Yoweri Museveni was announced as the winner of the presidential election with 71.65% of the vote, although no tally was published further amplifying concerns of ballot box stuffing.
A Young Doctor's Notebook
A Young Doctor's Notebook (Russian: «Записки юного врача» Zapiski yunogo vracha, literally, "A Young Doctor's Notes"), also known as A Country Doctor's Notebook, is a short story cycle by the Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov. The stories, written in 1925–1926, are inspired by Bulgakov's experiences as a newly graduated young doctor in 1916–18, practicing in a small village hospital in Smolensk Governorate in revolutionary Russia. The stories initially appeared in Russian medical journals of the period and were later compiled by scholars into book form.

The first English translation was done by Michael Glenny and was published by Harvill Press in 1975. A more recent translation (2011) has been done by Hugh Aplin under the Oneworld Classics imprint. The title of the Aplin translation is A Young Doctor's Notebook.

Smolensk Governorate
Smolensk Governorate (Russian: Смоленская губерния, romanized: Smolenskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR. It existed, with interruptions, between 1708 and 1929.

Smolensk Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on December 29 [O.S. December 18], 1708, by an edict from Tsar Peter the Great. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Smolensk Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities, and section of lands adjacent to those cities.
Benue North-East senatorial district
Benue North-East senatorial district known as zone A within Benue State, Nigeria, covers seven local government areas which include Katsina-Ala, Logo, Ukum, Konshisha, Vandeikya, Kwande and Ushongo. There 84 electoral wards and 1,389 polling units as of 2019 election. The headquarter of Benue North-East senatorial district is Katsina-Ala. The current representative is Senator Emmanuel Udende.

Ushongo
Ushongo is a Local Government Area in Benue State, Nigeria, with its headquarters in Lessel town.

It covers an area of 1,228 km² (474 sq mi) and has a population of 188,341 according to the 2006 census.

The postal code for Ushongo Local Government is 982.