hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Underspecification
In theoretical linguistics, underspecification is an analytic strategy in which a linguistic representation omits the value of one or more features, leaving those values to be supplied by general principles (e.g. redundancy rules, harmony, default inheritance, or constraint interaction).
The term is used in phonology and phonetics for segmental and suprasegmental features, in morphology for partially specified feature bundles in inflection and syncretism (often in analyses of exponent choice),
and in computational semantics and natural-language processing for representing ambiguities (especially scope) without committing to a fully resolved reading (“scope underspecification”).

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Titanium bis(acetylacetonate)dichloride
Titanium bis(acetylacetonate)dichloride is the coordination complex with the formula Ti(C5H7O2)2Cl2.  It is a common acetylacetonate complex of titanium.  It is a red-orange solid that hydrolyzes slowly in air.

The complex is prepared by treatment of titanium tetrachloride with excess acetylacetone:

TiCl4 + 2 Hacac → Ti(acac)2Cl2 + 2 HCl

It is an octahedral complex that crystallizes as a racemic mixture of the chiral cis isomers. It is fluxional in solution, as the result of rapid cis–trans equilibrium.

Acetylacetone
Acetylacetone is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3−C(=O)−CH2−C(=O)−CH3. It is classified as a 1,3-diketone. It exists in equilibrium with a tautomer CH3−C(=O)−CH=C(−OH)−CH3. The mixture is a colorless liquid. These tautomers interconvert so rapidly under most conditions that they are treated as a single compound in most applications. Acetylacetone is a building block for the synthesis of many coordination complexes as well as heterocyclic compounds.
Lloa people
Lloa is a group of Austronesian indigenous Formosan people living in the southern plain of Taiwan from Yunlin, Jiayi, to northern Tainan. They have lived through the Dutch colonization of Taiwan, as well as the Manchurian occupation during the Qing dynasty.

Lloa are generally classified together with the Hoanya and Arikun as a single group, which idea has been rejected by some scholars and the indigenous people themselves.

Yunlin County
Yunlin is a county in western Taiwan. Yunlin County borders the Taiwan Strait to the west, Nantou County to the east, Changhua County to the north at the Zhuoshui River, and Chiayi County to the south at the Beigang River. It has a population of 664,963 as of 2022.

Yunlin is part of the Chianan Plain, a flat land known for its agriculture. Agricultural products of Yunlin County include pomelo, tea leaves, suan cai, papaya and melon. Yunlin's rivers give it potential for hydroelectricity. Douliu is the largest and capital city of Yunlin. It is the only county on the main island of Taiwan where no city with the same name exists. Yunlin is one of the least developed counties on the West coast, and suffers from emigration.
Borrowed Heaven
Borrowed Heaven is the fourth studio album by Irish rock band The Corrs, released through Atlantic Records on 31 May 2004. The album was produced by Olle Romo.

The band released three singles from this album: "Summer Sunshine", "Angel", and "Long Night". A remix version of "Goodbye" was released as a download-only single in 2006. Other notable tracks include the title track "Borrowed Heaven", which featured an appearance from Ladysmith Black Mambazo, and "Time Enough for Tears", which was penned by U2's Bono and featured in the 2002 film In America, for which it was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The acoustic performances for this album's Electronic Press Kit were recorded at the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. The album would be their last album of original material until 2015's White Light.

In America (film)
In America is a 2002 drama film directed by Jim Sheridan. The semi-autobiographical screenplay was written by Jim Sheridan and his daughters, Naomi and Kirsten. A co-production between Ireland, United States and the United Kingdom, it focuses on an immigrant Irish family's struggle to start a new life in New York City, as seen through the eyes of the elder daughter.

At the 76th Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the Sheridans, Best Actress for Samantha Morton and Best Supporting Actor for Djimon Hounsou. At the 9th Critics' Choice Awards, the film won Best Original Screenplay, in addition to the Stanley Kramer Award win at the 15th Producers Guild of America Awards. The film also was nominated for two Golden Globes.
Administrative divisions of the Netherlands
The Netherlands has several levels of administrative subdivisions. The first level of subdivision consists of 12 provinces. The second level of subdivision consists of 342 municipalities.

The country is also subdivided into 21 water districts, governed by a water board (waterschap or hoogheemraadschap), each having authority in matters concerning water management. Direct elections of the water boards take place every four years.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Plectotropis vulgivaga
Plectotropis vulgivaga is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae.

Snails in this species create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The species can host sporocysts of Dicrocoelium

Subspecies

Plectotropis vulgivaga lanx (Pilsbry, 1902)

Plectotropis vulgivaga vulgivaga (Schmacker & O. Boettger, 1890)

Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.
WEW
WEW (770 AM) is a commercial radio station in St. Louis, Missouri. Owned by Birach Broadcasting Corporation, its studios are on Hampton Avenue in St. Louis. First licensed in March 1922, WEW is one of the oldest radio stations in the United States.

The station's transmitter site is on Bunkam Road in Jerseyville, Illinois, near Interstate 64. WEW is licensed to broadcast during daytime hours only, with 1,000 watts using a non-directional antenna. At night, it must protect clear-channel station WABC in New York City, the dominant Class A station on 770 AM, from interference, so WEW stays off the air until sunrise.

The station features a brokered programming radio format. WEW's daily schedule consists entirely of programming provided by Overcomer Ministry featuring sermons from Brother Stair.

Brother Stair
Ralph Gordon Stair (May 3, 1933 – April 3, 2021), also known as Brother R. G. Stair, or simply known as Brother Stair, was an American minister and evangelist. He broadcast his preaching on digital and shortwave radio. In the 1990s, at the peak of his radio ministry, Stair was heard on 120 stations.

Stair founded the Overcomer Ministry in 1978, declaring that he was a prophet. He lived in a community with his followers at a compound in Walterboro, South Carolina. Over the years, Stair was involved in a number of controversies, including convictions for sexual abuse, allegations that he caused infant deaths, and allegations that his ministry is a cult.
Wheeler High School (Georgia)
Wheeler High School is located in northeast Cobb County, Georgia, U.S. It is near the city of Marietta, about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta. The school has been in operation since 1965. It is a public high school, accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. It is named for Joseph Wheeler who was a Confederate military leader, and later, an American military leader and politician.

Marietta, Georgia
Marietta is a city in and the county seat of Cobb County, Georgia, United States. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 60,972. The 2019 estimate was 60,867, making it one of Atlanta's largest suburbs. Marietta is the fourth largest of the principal cities by population of the Atlanta metropolitan area.
Justin Avendano
Justin Avendano (born 11 August 1993) is an Australian cricketer who has represented the Sydney Sixers and the Melbourne Stars in the Big Bash League.

Avendano plays club cricket for North Sydney and for the Cricket NSW High Performance Transition Academy squad. In 2012 featured on the FOX Sports reality show Cricket Superstar. Avendano is a big hitting batsman  and in a Sydney Sixers Academy match in November 2018 against Auckland at the Hurtsville Oval, his innings of 122 from 63 balls included hitting the maximum 6 sixes in one single 6-ball over.  Avendano also hit a century opening the batting in a development game for the Sixers Academy against the Lahore Qalanders at the Blacktown International Sports Park in October 2017.

He made his Twenty20 debut for Sydney Sixers in the 2018–19 Big Bash League season on 1 January 2019.

In January 2022, Avendano was called up into the Melbourne Stars squad for the 2021–22 Big Bash.

Lahore Qalandars
Lahore Qalandars is a Pakistani professional cricket franchise that competes in the Pakistan Super League, representing the city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab. The team plays its home matches at Gaddafi Stadium and is owned by the Rana brothers.

Formed in 2015, Lahore Qalandars was the second-most expensive franchise sold during the inaugural PSL team auction and one of the few purchased by an international group. The team struggled in its early seasons, finishing at the bottom of the table five times, but later emerged as one of the league's most successful teams, winning titles in 2022, 2023, and 2025.

The team is currently captained by Shaheen Afridi and coached by Russell Domingo. Fakhar Zaman is the team’s leading run-scorer, while Shaheen Afridi is the leading wicket-taker.
Vonk (surname)
Vonk is a Dutch metonymic occupational surname. Vonk means "spark" and refers to the work of a Smith. People with this surname include:

Alice Vonk (1908–1997), American floriculturist

Britt Vonk (born 1991), Dutch softball player

Corry Vonk (1901–1988), Dutch revue and cabaret performer

Erik Vonk (born 1953), Dutch banker and entrepreneur

Freek Vonk (born 1983), Dutch biologist

Hans Vonk (conductor) (1942–2004), Dutch conductor, champion of Dutch composers

Hans Vonk (cyclist) (born 1959), Dutch racing cyclist

Hans Vonk (footballer) (born 1970), South African football goalkeeper

Henk Vonk (1942–2019), Dutch football trainer and scout

Marcel Vonk (born 1974), Dutch poker player and physicist

Matt Vonk (born 1990), Canadian football offensive lineman

Michel Vonk (born 1968), Dutch football player and manager

Rob Vonk (born 1950), Dutch modern pentathlete

Roos Vonk (born 1960), Dutch psychologist

Theo Vonk (1947–2025), Dutch footballer and manager

Alice Vonk
Alice Vonk (1908–1997) was an American floriculturist. She received the $10,000 prize for creating the whitest marigold in David Burpee's seed challenge. The competition was run by Burpee's seed company, W. Atlee Burpee & Co, founded by his father Washington Atlee Burpee. The $10,000 prize makes her flower the costliest marigold in the world, and the costliest flower in the world at the time.

Burpee Seeds' quest for a white marigold started 56 years before Vonk's creation. It started running in 1954, and was ended by Vonk in 1975. Before winning her prize, Vonk received $100 from Burpee seeds the previous year along with five other gardeners for having seeds that produced close to white flowers. Vonk kept seeds from the lightest flowers in her garden each season, replanting for over two decades before achieving a pure white marigold that measured 2.5 inches in diameter.

Alice Vonk, born in 1908, had been gardening since she was 11 and had no formal science training.
Bart van den Brink
Gijsbertus "Bart" van den Brink (born 23 October 1978) is a Dutch politician who has served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of Asylum and Migration in the Jetten cabinet since 2026. He was a member of the House of Representatives for the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) from 2025 to 2026, previously holding a seat in 2023.

Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
The deputy prime minister of the Netherlands (Dutch: Viceminister-president van Nederland or Vicepremier van Nederland) is the official deputy of the head of government of the Netherlands. In the absence of the prime minister of the Netherlands the deputy prime minister takes over his functions, such as chairing the Cabinet of the Netherlands and the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. Conventionally, all of the junior partners in the coalition get one deputy, and the deputies are ranked according to the size of their respective parties in the House of Representatives.
Moss Farm Road Stone Circle
55°32′31″N 5°19′46″W﻿ / ﻿55.541887°N 5.329363°W﻿ / 55.541887; -5.329363

Moss Farm Road Stone Circle (or Machrie Moor 10) is the remains of a Bronze Age burial cairn, surrounded by a circle of stones. It is located near Machrie on the Isle of Arran in Scotland (grid reference NR90063265).

Bronze Age Britain
Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from c. 2500–2000 BC until c. 800 BC. Lasting for approximately 1,700 years, it was preceded by the era of Neolithic Britain and was in turn followed by the period of Iron Age Britain. Being categorised as the Bronze Age, it was marked by the use of copper and then bronze by the prehistoric Britons, who used such metals to fashion tools. Great Britain in the Bronze Age also saw the widespread adoption of agriculture.

During the British Bronze Age, large megalithic monuments similar to those from the Late Neolithic continued to be constructed or modified, including such sites as Avebury, Stonehenge, Silbury Hill and Must Farm. That has been described as a time "when elaborate ceremonial practices emerged among some communities of subsistence agriculturalists of western Europe".
Al-Faisal Museum for Arab-Islamic Art
Al-Faisal Museum for Arab-Islamic Art (Arabic: متحف الفيصل للفن العربي الإسلامي) is an art museum in the al-Olaya district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located next to the Al Faisaliah Tower in the building of King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies. Opened in 2017, it features rare collection of Islamic art from early, medieval and contemporary periods and historic Qur'an manuscripts. It also contains artifacts belonging to King Faisal bin Abdulaziz and his wife Princess Iffat Al Thunayan.

The museum is tasked with managing collections, providing research and studies, binding and restoration of manuscripts, and organizing exhibitions and events.

Al Olaya (Riyadh)
Al-Olaya (Arabic: العليا, romanized: al-ʿulāyā), alternatively transliterated as al-Ulaya, is the central business district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located mostly in the sub-municipality of its namesake, al-Ulaya, and partially in al-Malaz and al-Ma'dher. 
Situated on the north side of the city, it hosts sites and local landmarks, such as the Kingdom Centre, which houses the Four Seasons luxury hotel.
Sam Alford
Sam Alford born 23 November 1986 in England is a rugby union player for Bristol in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a scrum-half. Alford signed for Bristol for the 2008/09 season and made his first team debut against Northampton Saints in the EDF cup. 
Previous Clubs:
Bath Rugby
West Brisbane Bulldogs
Cornish All Blacks
London Welsh (Loan Period)

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Radivoj Korać Cup MVP Award
The Radivoj Korać Cup MVP Award is an annual award bestowed to the player that is deemed to be the "Most Valuable Player" during the finals of the Radivoj Korać Cup. The Radivoj Korać Cup is the top-tier level national men's professional club basketball cup in Serbia. The award has existed and been awarded since 2003.

Serbian basketball league system
The Serbian basketball league system, or Serbian basketball league pyramid is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in Serbia. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and demotion system between competitions at different levels.
Thomas Edison in popular culture
Thomas Edison has appeared in popular culture as a character in novels, films, comics and video games. His prolific inventing helped make him an icon and he has made appearances in popular culture during his lifetime down to the present day.  He is often portrayed in popular culture as an adversary of inventor Nikola Tesla.

Time Warp Trio
Time Warp Trio is an animated children's television series based on the children's book series of the same name. Created by Jon Scieszka, the series was produced by WGBH Boston in association with Soup2Nuts. The series aired from July 9, 2005, to July 15, 2006, on Discovery Kids and its Saturday morning block on NBC.  In June 2007, WBGH announced that the series was going to receive a second season, but the series had ended, and the planned season never occurred.
Sue Whitesides
Sue Hays Whitesides is a Canadian mathematician and computer scientist, a professor emeritus of computer science and the chair of the computer science department at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. Her research specializations include computational geometry and graph drawing.

Graph drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional (or, sometimes, three-dimensional) depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph.  In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.  In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
Poland men's national ice hockey team
The Poland national men's ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of Poland, and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. They are ranked 21st in the world in the IIHF World Rankings, but prior to the 1980s they were ranked as high as 6th internationally. They are one of eight countries never to have played below the Division I (former B Pool) level. As of 2024 the Polish national team plays at the top level of the World Championship.

Poland has competed in the Olympics thirteen times, most recently in 1992, with their best result being fourth place in 1932. They have been a regular participant of the World Championship, first appearing in 1930 and having appeared in all but one tournament since 1955. They frequently played in the top division, though were in Division I after being relegated in 2002. Poland made a return to the top division of the World Championship for 2024.

IIHF World Ranking
The IIHF World Ranking is a ranking of the performance of the national ice hockey teams of member countries of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It is based on a formula giving points for each team's placings at IIHF-sanctioned tournaments over the previous four years. The ranking is used to determine seedings and qualification requirements for future IIHF tournaments. The United States' teams are ranked first in both men's and women's play. Russia's men team has more points overall in the men's rankings but is excluded from the list due to its ongoing suspension from IIHF competition.
Dhiraj Bora
Dhiraj Bora (30 September 1951 – 19 June 2021) was an Indian physicist, educationist and professor. Bora, known as a plasma scientist, was a former director of the Institute of Plasma Research located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. He was the chief scientist of the ITER – India. He won the Kamal Kumari National Award in 2012 in recognition of his contribution to the field of science. In 2016 he was elected as the vice-chancellor of Assam Science and Technology University and held the post until his death. He died on 19 June 2021.

Institute for Plasma Research
The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) is a public research institute in India. The institute conducts research in plasma science, including basic plasma physics, magnetically confined hot plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is the leading plasma physics organization of India and houses the largest tokamak of India - SST1. IPR plays a major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative ITER. It is part of the IndiGO consortium for research on gravitational waves. It is an autonomous body funded by the Department of Atomic Energy.