hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Birmingham
Three ships of the United States Navy have been named Birmingham, after the city of Birmingham, Alabama.

USS Birmingham (CL-2), was a light cruiser in service from 1908 to 1923.

USS Birmingham (CL-62), was a light cruiser commissioned in 1943, involved in heavy fighting in the Pacific War, and decommissioned in 1946.

USS Birmingham (SSN-695), was a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine in service from 1978 to 1997.

USS Birmingham (SSN-695)
USS Birmingham (SSN-695), a Los Angeles-class submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Birmingham, Alabama. The contract to build her was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia on 24 January 1972 and her keel was laid down on 26 April 1975.  She was launched on 29 October 1977 sponsored by Mrs. Maryon Pittman Allen, wife of Senator James Allen, and commissioned on 16 December 1978.

Birmingham was decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 22 December 1997. Ex-Birmingham was scheduled to enter the Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program in Bremerton, Washington on 1 October 2012. In September 2015, Birmingham's sail was placed on static display at Defense Supply Center, Columbus.
5 (Los Angeles Railway)
5 or the 5 Car was a streetcar line operated by the Los Angeles Railway, later named as the Los Angeles Transit Lines, by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority. From 1920 to 1932, this route was known as the E Car. This was changed as part of a method to distinguish routes that lacked loops at their termini. Consequently, the 5 Car was unique during the LAMTA era in that it did not use PCC streetcars. It used buses from 1955 to 1964, transferring from LATL in 1958, then splitting the line in two in 1961, until all lines were turned over to SCRTD in August 1964.

PCC streetcar
A Presidents' Conference Committee (PCC) car is a type of streetcar (tram) that was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design proved successful domestically, and after World War II it was licensed for production and use elsewhere in the world.

The PCC car has proved to be a long-lasting icon of streetcar design. About 5,000 PCC streetcars were built in the United States, with production continuing until 1952. In North America, some PCC streetcars are still in regular service, with most operating on heritage streetcar lines. As of 2026, the San Francisco Municipal Railway is the largest North American operator of PCC cars, using a fleet of 27 on two heritage lines.

After World War II, the PCC design was licensed to multiple European companies. Over 15,000 PCC-derived streetcars were built in Europe, including the popular Tatra T3.
Hokkaido 2nd district (1947–1993)
The Hokkaido 2nd District (Japanese: 北海道第2区, Hepburn: Hokkaidō dai-ni-ku) is a former constituency for the House of Representatives between the 1947 and 1993 elections. It was abolished following the 1994 electoral reform when Japan moved from single non-transferable vote to a parallel system.

Located in the prefecture (-dō) of Hokkaidō, prior to its dissolution, it consisted of the cities (-shi) of Asahikawa, Rumoi, Wakkanai, Shibetsu, Nayoro, Furano and all other municipalities in the subprefectures (-shichō) Kamikawa, Sōya and Rumoi. With the return to single-member districts in the 1990s electoral reform, the district became the 7th district. In 2003 the 7th district was abolished and the area that was once the 2nd district was divided amongst the 6th, 10th and 12th districts of Hokkaidō.

1994 Japanese electoral reform
The 1994 electoral reform in Japan was a change from the previous single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system of multi-member districts (MMD) to a mixed electoral system of single-member districts (SMD) with plurality voting and a party list system with proportional representation. The reform had three main objectives: change the one-party dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from the previous 1955 system to a two-party system with alternation in power, reduce the cost of elections and campaigns, and change campaign focus from individual-centered to party-centered.
Port Taranaki
Port Taranaki is a port complex located in New Plymouth, New Zealand.  It is the only deep water port on the west coast of New Zealand, and is owned by the  Taranaki Regional Council.  The port handles a wide range of coastal and international cargoes, mostly relating to the farming, engineering and petrochemical industries.

Adjacent features include the city of New Plymouth, the New Plymouth Power Station and the Sugar Loaf Islands Marine Protected Area (SLIMPA).

Taranaki
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki.

The main centre is the city of New Plymouth. The New Plymouth District is one of three in the region and is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. The Stratford District includes the main centres of Stratford, Midhirst, Toko and Whangamōmona. The South Taranaki District includes Hāwera, Manaia, Eltham, and Ōpunake.

Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other".
Trisulopsis
Trisulopsis is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae described by Strand in 1909. Its only species, Trisulopsis clathrata, was first described by Karl Grünberg in 1907. It is found in Cameroon.

The Global Lepidoptera Names Index gives this name as a synonym of Trisula Moore, 1860.

Karl Grünberg (entomologist)
Karl Grünberg (died 1921, in Rostock) was a German entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera.

Karl Grünberg was a professor at the University of Rostock. He wrote the Palearctic Notodontidae section of Adalbert Seitz's Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde and named several African butterflies.
Thomas O'Donoghue
Thomas Joseph O'Donoghue (7 October 1889 – 15 March 1958) was an Irish Sinn Féin politician from Cahersiveen, County Kerry. He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the Second Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Kerry–Limerick West constituency.

He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted against it. He was re-elected unopposed as an anti-Treaty Sinn Féin TD to the Third Dáil at the 1922 general election though he did not take his seat. He was re-elected at the 1923 general election for the Kerry constituency and again did not take his seat. He did not stand at the June 1927 general election.

1921 Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland general elections
General elections took place in Ireland on 24 May 1921 to elect members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. These legislatures had been established by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which granted Home Rule to a partitioned Ireland within the United Kingdom.

The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) won a landslide majority in Northern Ireland. In the area designated as Southern Ireland, Sinn Féin candidates were elected unopposed in 124 of the 128 seats.

Only the Northern Ireland House of Commons actually sat as a functional body; the Sinn Féin candidates elected across Ireland boycotted both institutions, and instead assembled as the Second Dáil.
Aerococcus
Aerococcus, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr), meaning "air", and κόκκος (kókkos), meaning "grain", is a genus of bacterium in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). The genus was first identified in 1953 from samples of air and dust as a catalase-negative, gram-positive coccus that grew in small clusters. They were subsequently found in hospital environments and meat-curing brines. It has been difficult to identify as it resembles alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus on blood agar plates and is difficult to identify by biochemical means. Sequencing of 16S rRNA has become the gold standard for identification, but other techniques such as MALDI-TOF have also been useful for identifying both the genus and species.

Catalase-peroxidase
Catalase-peroxidase, systematically named donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, is a bifunctional enzyme capable of catalyzing both catalase- and peroxidase-type reactions. Its main role is  in oxidative stress defense.
Enikő Muri
Enikő Muri (born 24 April 1990, Nyíregyháza, Hungary) is a Hungarian musical and theater actress, singer, and political activist, known for coming in 2nd place on the second season of X-Faktor, the highest placing female contestant for that season and for being a political activist of the Fidesz party.

Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian: [ˈɲiːrɛchaːzɒ] ⓘ, Slovak: Níreďháza [ˈɲiːrɛɟɦaːza]) is a city with county rights in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 118,001, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and the second largest in the Northern Great Plain region. Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Nyíregyháza Zoo, with over 500 species, is recognized throughout Europe.
The Oregon Trail: A New American Journey
The Oregon Trail: A New American Journey is a 2015 non-fiction book written by Rinker Buck, author of Flight of Passage (Hyperion Books, 1997). The Oregon Trail is an account of Buck's 2011 journey along the Oregon Trail in a covered wagon. It was published by Simon & Schuster in hardcover, audio book and eBook formats.

Covered wagon
A covered wagon, also called a prairie wagon, whitetop, or prairie schooner, is a horse-drawn or ox-drawn wagon used for passengers or freight hauling. It has a canvas, tarpaulin, or waterproof sheet which is stretched over removable wooden bows (also called hoops or tilts) and lashed to the body of the wagon. They were a popular style of vehicle for overland migrations.
Dews Farm Sand Pits
Dews Farm Sand Pits is a 1.2-hectare (3.0-acre) nature reserve near Harefield in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It is managed by the London Wildlife Trust, and is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade I.

The site is an old quarry which has been reclaimed by nature. It has areas of woodland, dominated by pedunculate oak and ash. In drier grassland areas, there is common knapweed, agrimony and ox-eye daisy.

There is access from Harvil Road near Newyears Green Lane.

Leucanthemum vulgare
Leucanthemum vulgare, commonly known as the ox-eye daisy, oxeye daisy, dog daisy, marguerite (French: Marguerite commune, "common marguerite") and other common names, is a widespread flowering plant native to Europe and the temperate regions of Asia, and an introduced plant to North America, Australia and New Zealand.
Josu Erkoreka
Josu Erkoreka (born 1963) is a Spanish politician affiliated with the Basque Nationalist Party.

From 28 November 2016 to 8 September 2020, he served as Minister of Public Governance and Self-Government and government spokesperson in the Second Urkullu Government led by Iñigo Urkullu. Drom 8 September 2020 to 22 June 2024 he served as First Vice Lehendakari and Minister of Security in the Third Urkullu Government.

Second government of Iñigo Urkullu
The Second Urkullu Government was the regional government of the Basque Country led by President (Lehendakari) Iñigo Urkullu between 2016 and 2020. It was formed in November 2016 after the regional election.
Athearnia anthonyi
Athearnia anthonyi, commonly known as Anthony's riversnail, is a rare species of freshwater snail in the family Pleuroceridae.

It is native to the Tennessee River system in the United States, but the three main populations occur in the main branch, from Marion County, Tennessee to Jackson County, Alabama, the Sequatchie River, ending at Marion County, Tennessee, and Limestone Creek in Limestone County, Alabama. Some experimental populations were also made along the Tennessee River in Alabama and Tennessee.

Sequatchie River
The Sequatchie River is a 116-mile-long (187 km) waterway that drains the Sequatchie Valley, a large valley in the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee.  It empties into the Tennessee River downstream from Chattanooga near the Tennessee-Alabama state line.
1987 Italian Open – Women's singles
There was no women's tournament held in the previous year. Rafaella Reggi was the champion in the 1985 edition. She lost in the second round to Arantxa Sánchez Vicario.

Steffi Graf won the title by defeating Gabriela Sabatini 7–5, 4–6, 6–0 in the final.

Gabriela Sabatini
Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini (Spanish pronunciation: [gaˈβɾjela saβaˈtini]; born 16 May 1970) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. A former world No. 3 in both singles and doubles, Sabatini was one of the leading players from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, amassing 41 titles across both disciplines.

In singles, Sabatini won the 1990 US Open, the WTA Finals in 1988 and 1994, and was runner-up at Wimbledon 1991, the 1988 US Open, and the silver medalist at the 1988 Olympics. In doubles, she won Wimbledon in 1988 partnering with Steffi Graf, and reached three French Open finals. Among Open Era players who did not reach the world No. 1 ranking, Sabatini has the most wins over reigning No. 1 players. In 2006, she was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame, and in 2018, Tennis Magazine ranked her as the 20th-greatest female player of the preceding 50 years.
Technical aspects of urban planning
Technical aspects of urban planning involve the technical processes, considerations and features that are involved in planning for land use, urban design, natural resources, transportation, and infrastructure.

Urban design
Urban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes based on geographical location. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas. Urban designers connect the fields of architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning to better organize local and community environments' dependent upon geographical location.

Some important focuses of urban design on this page include its historical impact, paradigm shifts, its interdisciplinary nature, and issues related to urban design.
George Molnar
George Molnar OBE AO (Hungarian: Molnár György) (25 April 1910, Nagyvárad – 16 November 1998, Sydney) was born in Nagyvárad, Austria-Hungary and came to Australia in 1939 as a sponsored migrant, to take up a job as government architect. His talents were such that in Australia he became a much admired cartoonist and an architecture lecturer. Molnar studied architecture and engineering in Budapest, graduating in 1932. He initially worked as a government architect in Canberra. Later he taught architecture at University of New South Wales and University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning.

His friendship with Bernard Hesling led to his being employed as a cartoonist for the Daily Telegraph from 1945 before moving to the Sydney Morning Herald in 1954.

In 1971, he was awarded an OBE for services to journalism and architecture. and became an officer of the Order of Australia in 1988.

University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning
The Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, also known as The University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, formerly the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning,  is a constituent body of the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school was established in 1920.
Richard August Riekeles
Richard August Riekeles (13 March 1904 – 18 April 1996) was a Norwegian barrister.

He took the cand.jur. degree in 1926. After working as a deputy judge and junior solicitor he started his own law firm together with Finn Palmstrøm in 1930. He later partnered with Ludolf Næss, and from 1976 to 1991 with Øivind Fegth Knutsen and Arne Os. He was a barrister from 1936, with the right to work with Supreme Court cases. He is best known for being the prosecutor in the Oslo City Court case in 1957 where Agnar Mykle was tried for his novel Sangen om den røde rubin. He was also chairman of the insurance company Trygd, Norsk Forsikringsaktieselskap from 1944. He died in April 1996.

Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway (Norwegian Bokmål: (Norges) Høyesterett; Norwegian Nynorsk: (Noregs) Høgsterett; lit. 'Highest Court') is the highest court in the Norwegian judiciary. It was established in 1815 on the basis of section 88 in the Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, which prescribed an independent judiciary. It is located in the capital Oslo. In addition to serving as the court of final appeal for civil and criminal cases, it can also rule whether the Cabinet has acted in accordance with Norwegian law and whether the Parliament has passed legislation consistent with the Constitution.
Gabonese cuisine
Gabonese cuisine comprises the cooking traditions, practices, foods and dishes associated with Gabon, a sovereign state on the west coast of Central Africa. French cuisine is prevalent as a notable influence, and in larger cities various French specialties are available. In rural areas, food staples, such as cassava, rice and yams, are commonly used.

Meats, when available, include chicken and fish, and bush meats such as antelope, wild boar and monkey. Sauces are often used, with hot red-pepper berbere paste being a common example.

Fruits include bananas, papayas, guavas, mangoes, pineapples, coconuts, avocado and peanuts. Plantains, tomatoes, corn, and eggplant are also used.

Berbere
Berbere (Amharic: በርበሬ bärbäre, Tigrinya: በርበረ bärbärä) is a spice mixture whose constituent elements usually include chili peppers, coriander, garlic, ginger, Ethiopian holy basil (besobela) seeds, korarima, rue, ajwain or radhuni, nigella, and fenugreek. It is a key ingredient in the cuisines of Ethiopia and Eritrea.    Berbere also refers to chili pepper itself.

Berbere sometimes encompasses herbs and spices that are less well known internationally. These include both cultivated plants and those that grow wild in Ethiopia, such as korarima (Aframomum corrorima).
Return to Eden (novel)
Return To Eden is a 1988 science fiction novel by American writer Harry Harrison.

The novel is the third and final volume in Harrison's Eden trilogy. The first two stories of the trilogy are West of Eden and Winter in Eden.

The novel tells an alternate history of planet Earth in which the extinction of the dinosaurs never occurred. There is a war between a group of Cro-Magnon-level humans, who are descended from New World monkeys, and a reptilian race called Yilanè, who are descended from the prehistoric mosasaur and have become the dominant lifeform on the planet.

The central characters from the first book return, Vaintè, an ambitious Yilanè, and Kerrick, a "ustuzou" (the Yilanè word for mammal) captured by the Yilanè as a boy and raised by them. Kerrick eventually escapes to rejoin his own people and burn the Yilanè colony city.

New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (/səˈbɔɪdi.ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (/plætɪˈraɪnaɪ/).

Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
Limit of Love: Umizaru
Limit of Love: Umizaru (Limit of Love 海猿), also known as Umizaru 2: Test of Trust is a 2006 Japanese action drama film directed by Eiichiro Hasumi. It is the second feature-length film and third of the Umizaru projects, set after the film Umizaru and the 11-episode drama series Umizaru Evolution. The film stars Hideaki Itō as Japan Coast Guard (JCG) rescue diver Daisuke Senzaki, and Ai Kato as his love interest Kanna Izawa. It is the second of the 3 part film and television project, which is adapted from the popular manga series Umizaru by Shūhō Satō.

The film was the second highest-ever box office grossing in Japan, trailing only Bayside Shakedown 2. The film's opening weekend gross was 4.42 times that of its predecessor, Umizaru. Hideaki Itō, the male lead, has a Divemaster license awarded by PADI Japan, a professional diving qualification. The theme song is Precious, from vocalist Yuna Ito.

Shūhō Satō
Shūhō Satō (佐藤 秀峰, Satō Shūhō; born December 8, 1973 in Ikeda, Hokkaidō, Japan) is a Japanese manga artist. He won the Japan Media Arts Festival Manga Award for his work Say Hello to Black Jack.

His assistants have included his wife, manga artist Tomomi Satō, as well as Masasumi Kakizaki (one year before his debut), Takahisa Shiratori, Itsunari Fujii, Eiji Nomura, Takashi Yoshida, and Kōjirō Umezawa.
1978 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles
Helen Cawley and JoAnne Russell were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Françoise Dürr and Virginia Wade.

Kerry Reid and Wendy Turnbull defeated Mima Jaušovec and Virginia Ruzici in the final, 4–6, 9–8(12–10), 6–3 to win the ladies' doubles tennis title at the 1978 Wimbledon Championships.

Mima Jaušovec
Mima Jaušovec (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈmìːma jaˈùːʃɔʋɛts] ⓘ; born 20 July 1956) is a Slovenian former professional tennis player. Competing for Yugoslavia, she won the 1977 French Open singles championship.
Reign of Terror (film)
Reign of Terror (reissued as The Black Book) is a 1949 American historical thriller film directed by Anthony Mann from a screenplay by  Aeneas MacKenzie and Philip Yordan, and starring Robert Cummings, Richard Basehart and Arlene Dahl. Set during the French Revolution, the film follows a plot to bring down Maximilien Robespierre and end his bloodthirsty Reign of Terror.

The film was produced by Walter Wanger Productions. Reign of Terror is noted by  critics for applying film noir sensibilities to a period setting. As of 2024, the film is in the public domain in the United States.

The movie was one of Cummings' favorites of his career.

Paul Barras
Paul François Jean Nicolas, Vicomte de Barras (French: [bara:s]; 30 June 1755 – 29 January 1829), commonly known as Paul Barras, was a French politician of the French Revolution, and the main executive leader of the Directory regime of 1795–1799.
Tockwogh
The Tockwogh were an Algonquian tribe living in the region of the Sassafras River in what are now Cecil and Kent counties in Maryland. The name Tockwogh is a variation of tuckahoe, a water plant with bulbous roots used for food. The Tockwogh are extinct as a people. According to John Smith, they spoke "the language of Powhatan".

Cecil County, Maryland
Cecil County is located in the U.S. state of Maryland at the northeastern corner of the state, bordering both Pennsylvania and Delaware. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland. With the eastern part of the county closer to Philadelphia than Baltimore, it is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located in Wilmington's Radio Market and Baltimore's Designated Market Area.