hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weinberg–Witten theorem
In theoretical physics, the Weinberg–Witten (WW) theorem, proved by Steven Weinberg and Edward Witten, states that massless particles (either composite or elementary) with spin j > 1/2 cannot carry a 
Lorentz-covariant current, while massless particles with spin j > 1 cannot carry a Lorentz-covariant stress-energy.  The theorem is usually interpreted to mean that the graviton (j = 2) cannot be a composite particle in a relativistic quantum field theory.

Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor emeritus in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Witten is a researcher in string theory, quantum gravity, supersymmetric quantum field theories, and other areas of mathematical physics. Witten's work has also significantly impacted pure mathematics. In 1990, he became the first physicist to be awarded a Fields Medal by the International Mathematical Union, for his mathematical insights in physics, such as his 1981 proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity, and his interpretation of the Jones invariants of knots as Feynman integrals. He is considered the practical founder of M-theory.
William Barker (priest, died 1917)
William Barker (1 December 1838 – 28 January 1917) was Dean of Carlisle from 1908 to his death in 1917.

Born in London, he was educated at Worcester College, Oxford and ordained in 1862. He began his ecclesiastical career as Curate of Hanover Chapel, Regent Street after which he was the Chaplain to the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields. He was Vicar of St Mary's, West Cowes from 1873 to 1882 and an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen. From 1882 to 1888 he was a member of the London School Board, representing Marylebone. He was Rector of St Marylebone until his elevation to the Deanery in 1908.

Dean of Carlisle
The Dean of Carlisle is based in Carlisle, United Kingdom, and is the head of the Chapter of Carlisle Cathedral in the Church of England's Diocese of Carlisle. The post of Dean is currently vacant following the resignation of Jonathan Brewster in July 2025.
Stephen Russ (illustrator)
Stephen Russ (1919–1983) was a British illustrator, particularly of book dust jackets.

Russ was educated at the Royal College of Art.

He became a lecturer at Bath School of Art and Design, and was the head of printed textiles.

He is probably best known for his cover design for the first Penguin paperback edition of D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover.

He did much of the cover art for the Penguin Poets series in the early 1960s.

Bath School of Art and Design
Bath School of Art and Design is an art college in Bath, England, now known separately as the Bath School of Art and the Bath School of Design. It forms part of the Bath Spa University whose main campus is located a few miles from the City at Newton Park, between Newton St Loe and Corston, in North Somerset, just outside the city of Bath. Bath School of Art is based at the new, award-winning Locksbrook Campus, on the river Avon, in the west of the city. Bath School of Design is spread across Locksbrook and Sion Hill Campuses. The present Heads of School are Dan Allen (School of Art) and Kerry Curtis (School of Design).
Prestin
Prestin is a protein that is critical to sensitive hearing in mammals.  It is encoded by the SLC26A5 (solute carrier anion transporter family 26, member 5) gene.

Different variants of this protein are known in the animal world, all involved in hearing or echolocation.

Prestin is the motor protein of the outer hair cells of the inner ear of the mammalian cochlea. It is highly expressed in the outer hair cells, and is not expressed in the nonmotile inner hair cells. Immunolocalization shows prestin is expressed in the lateral plasma membrane of the outer hair cells, the region where electromotility occurs. The expression pattern correlates with the appearance of outer hair cell electromotility.

It is also (in humans at least) under the control of the thyroid. It is found in the ovary of mammals.

Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium. The academic field concerned with hearing is auditory science.

Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses. Partial or total inability to hear is called hearing loss.

In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system: mechanical waves, known as vibrations, are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain (primarily in the temporal lobe). Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation.
Talking Heads: 77
Talking Heads: 77 is the debut studio album by the American rock band Talking Heads. It was released on September 16, 1977, through Sire Records. The recording took place in April 1977 at New York's Sundragon Studios. The single "Psycho Killer" reached number 92 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Chris Frantz
Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, both of which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist, Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads.
Kulasekhar
Kulasekhar (15 August 1971 – 26 November 2024) was an Indian lyricist known for his works in Telugu cinema. He wrote lyrics for over 100 films and had multiple collaborations with director Teja and music director R. P. Patnaik.

Kulasekhar began suffering from memory loss in 2008 due to a mental health condition. This coincided with his directorial debut, Premalekha Rasa (2007), which turned out to be an unsuccessful venture and did not receive a theatrical release for a long time. In 2013, he was arrested for temple theft, later deemed mentally unstable, and sent for treatment. He faced few more arrests for theft accusations, struggled with multiple health problems, and ultimately died in 2024.

Gharshana
Gharshana (transl. 'Friction' or 'Clash') is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film produced by G. Sivaraju, C. Venkatraju, and Kalaipuli S. Thanu. It is directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon, in his Telugu debut. It is the remake of the 2003 Tamil film, Kaakha Kaakha. Venkatesh and Asin played the lead roles in the film, while the music was composed by Harris Jayaraj, who also composed for the original.

Despite receiving mostly mixed reviews from critics, the film completed a run of 50 days in 70 centers and became an moderate success at the box office.
Beachcomber Contemporary Art
Beachcomber Contemporary Art also known as BCA Gallery and Beachcomber Contemporary Art Gallery, is a commercial art gallery based in Rarotonga, Cook Islands. The gallery represented many significant international artists from New Zealand and the Cook Islands included Andy Leleisi'uao, Reuben Paterson, Michel Tuffery, Mahiriki Tangaroa, Sylvia Marsters, Mark Cross, and Hye Rim Lee, and Sam Thomas.

Mahiriki Tangaroa
Mahiriki Tangaroa (born 1973, Auckland, New Zealand) is a New Zealand-born Cook Islands photographer and painter. She is a former director of the Cook Islands National Museum. She is recognised as a leading contemporary Cook Islands artist, and her work is regularly exhibited in galleries in New Zealand and the Cook Islands. She also exhibits internationally in Paris, Venice, and New York.
Dulce de batata
Dulce de batata (in Spanish: sweet potato candy, or: sweet potato jam) or doce de batata doce (Portuguese expression with the same meaning) is a traditional Argentine, Brazilian, Paraguayan  and Uruguayan dessert, which is made of sweet potatoes. It is a sweet jelly, in Brazil it is known as marrom glacê.

When sold commercially, it is often found canned in flat and round metal cans. In some of the commercial versions of the food, chocolate is added to it.

It is commonly eaten with crackers and/or cheese.

Uruguayan cuisine
Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines from several European countries, especially of Mediterranean foods from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France. Other influences on the cuisine resulted from immigration from countries such as Germany and Scotland. Uruguayan gastronomy is a result of immigration, rather than local Amerindian cuisine, because of late-19th and early 20th century immigration waves.

The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products: primarily beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish. The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, although modernization has popularized frying. Although Uruguay has considerable native flora and fauna, with the exception of yerba mate, native plants and animals largely do not figure into Uruguayan cuisine. Popular sweets are membrillo quince jam and dulce de leche.
Local oxidation nanolithography
Local oxidation nanolithography (LON) is a tip-based nanofabrication method. It is based on the spatial confinement on an oxidation reaction under the sharp tip of an atomic force microscope.

The first materials on which LON was demonstrated were Si(111) and polycrystalline tantalum. Subsequently, the technique has been extended to III–V semiconductors, silicon carbide, metals such as titanium, tantalum, aluminium, molybdenum, nickel and niobium; thin films of manganite in the perovskite form; dielectrics like silicon nitride, organosilane self-assembled monolayers, dendritic macromolecules and carbonaceous films.

Pnictogen
A pnictogen (/ˈ(p)nɪktədʒən/; from Ancient Greek  πνίγω (pnígō) 'to choke' and  -gen 'generator') is any of the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table. Group 15 is also known as the nitrogen group or nitrogen family. Group 15 consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and moscovium (Mc).

The IUPAC has called it Group 15 since 1988. Before that, in America it was called Group VA, owing to a text by H. C. Deming and the Sargent-Welch Scientific Company, while in Europe it was called Group VB, which the IUPAC had recommended in 1970. (Pronounced "group five A" and "group five B"; "V" is the Roman numeral 5.) In semiconductor physics, it is still usually called Group V. The "five" ("V") in the historical names comes from the "pentavalency" of nitrogen, reflected by the stoichiometry of compounds such as N2O5. They have also been called the pentels.
Dandrell Scott
Dandrell Scott is an American actor, comedian, rapper, and voiceover artist. He is best known for his voiceover work with Wendy's, and their breakfast commercials starting in 2020. In 2024, Dandrell won the “Male Voiceover Artist of the Year” award at the One Voice Awards USA. Broadway World labeled Scott as "a sought-after voice in the industry." Dandrell began his VO career in 2018, voicing commercials for Walmart, Comcast, and Toyota. While performing as a voiceover artist, Scott also landed roles in Chicago P.D., Snowfall and the Chi. Scott's music aspirations followed. In 2020, he released his first studio single, "Faded 2nite," featuring Chicago rapper, Twista. Scott also collaborated with Styles P and Maino for the hip hop song, "Roads."

BroadwayWorld
BroadwayWorld is a theatre news website based in New York City, New York. Launched in 2003, the site covers Broadway, Off-Broadway, regional, and international theater productions, with sections devoted to particular countries, cities, or regions. The website publishes theatre news, interviews, reviews, and other coverage related to theater. It also includes an online message board for theater fans.

The  UK / West End section awards the UK / West End BroadwayWorld Awards each year, based on votes by theater-goers to productions in the UK.
1949 Tangerine Bowl
The 1949 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1948 season, on January 1, 1949, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida.  The game was the third annual Tangerine Bowl, now known as the Citrus Bowl, and saw Murray State tie Sul Ross, 21–21. The game was the Tangerine Bowl's first tie; there would not be another tie until the 1954 Tangerine Bowl.  This game was also the highest scoring tie in Tangerine Bowl history, throughout all name changes. This game was the first Tangerine Bowl where MVP honors were awarded; they were given to halfbacks Dale McDaniel of Murray State and Ted Scown of Sul Ross State.

Sul Ross State Lobos
The Sul Ross State University Lobos are the athletic teams of Sul Ross State University, a public university in Alpine, Texas. They compete in the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the Lone Star Conference.

Sul Ross State competes in 12 intercollegiate varsity sports. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, soccer and tennis; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball.

In July 2023, Lobos athletic programs were approved for reclassification to Division II. On July 1, 2024, the university became a member of the Lone Star Conference.
Natural Bridge Station, Virginia
Natural Bridge Station is an unincorporated community in Rockbridge County, Virginia, United States, named for both its proximity to Natural Bridge and formerly having a train depot along the Norfolk & Western rail line. Formerly known as Sherwood and Greenlee, the community is located along the James River and Virginia State Route 130, 3.2 miles (5.1 km) west of Glasgow.

Natural Bridge Station is made up mostly of the southeastern corner of Rockbridge County encompassing all of the community of Arnolds Valley (named for the area's first settler, Stephen Arnold) and partially covering several other communities, with its southeastern border running along the Blue Ridge Parkway. Natural Bridge Station has a post office with ZIP code 24579. The population as of 2020 was 1,540.

Natural Bridge (Virginia)
Natural Bridge is a geological formation in Rockbridge County, Virginia, United States, comprising a 215-foot-high (66 m) natural arch with a span of 90 feet (27 m). It is situated within a gorge carved from the surrounding mountainous limestone terrain by Cedar Creek, a small tributary of the James River. Consisting of horizontal limestone strata, Natural Bridge is the remains of the roof of a cave or tunnel through which the Cedar Creek once flowed.

Natural Bridge has been designated a Virginia Historic Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. Since 2016, the bridge and its surroundings have been managed by the Commonwealth of Virginia as Natural Bridge State Park.
Golfer's vasculitis
Golfer's vasculitis, also called exercise-induced vasculitis, sport-induced vasculitis, Disney rash, or hiker's rash, is a form of small blood vessel inflammation resulting in a rash. It occurs in the lower legs, and is caused by excessive walking in hot temperatures. It is more common in elderly or obese people.

It is called golfer's vasculitis due to the walking involved in playing golf – a sport commonly practiced by older people. Disney rash became a name because the rash is common among visitors walking at Disney theme parks.

Golfer's vasculitis is not contagious and typically disappears within 2 weeks.

Disney Experiences
Disney Experiences, commonly known as Disney Parks, is one of the three major divisions of the Walt Disney Company. It was founded on April 1, 1971, exactly six months before the opening of the Walt Disney World Resort.

Led by Josh D'Amaro, the company's theme parks hosted over 157.3 million guests, making Disney Parks the world's most visited theme park company worldwide, with United Kingdom-based Merlin Entertainments coming in second at 67 million guests. It is Disney's largest business segment by employee headcount, with approximately 130,000 of the company's 180,000 employees as of 2015. In March of 2018, Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media was merged into Parks and Resorts and renamed Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. In September 2020, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products laid off 28,000 employees in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pararge xiphioides
Pararge xiphioides, the Canary speckled wood, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in the Canary Islands on La Gomera, La Palma, Tenerife and Gran Canaria.

The wingspan is 40–50 millimetres (1.6–2.0 in). Adults are on wing year-round.

The larvae feed on various plants, including Brachypodium sylvaticum, Agrostis capillaris, Carex divulsa and Luzula forsteri.

It is closely related to the species Pararge aegeria. differing thus xiphioides Stgr. (45a), from the Canary Islands, has the upperside darker on account of the smaller and more red-brown spots, while the underside of the hindwing is lighter, less marmorated and provided with a distinct median band, the costal part of which is shaded with white.

Carex divulsa
Carex divulsa, the grey sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Carex, native to Macaronesia, Europe, northwest Africa, the Caucasus region, and the Middle East as far east as Turkmenistan. It has been introduced to northeast Argentina, the District of Columbia and Pennsylvania in the United States, Ontario in Canada, the North Island of New Zealand, and Tasmania and Victoria in Australia. It is the namesake of the Carex divulsa aggregate.
Robert B. Sanderson
Robert Bland Sanderson (February 25, 1825 – June 18, 1887) was an American businessman, farmer, rancher and politician from Columbia County, Wisconsin who represented part or all of Columbia County in the Wisconsin State Assembly and the Wisconsin State Senate at various times in the 1860s, before moving to Texas and becoming a prominent businessman in Tom Green County.

Tom Green County, Texas
Tom Green County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 120,003. Its county seat is San Angelo. The county was created in 1874 and organized the following year. It is named for Thomas Green, who was a Texas revolutionary, Confederate soldier, and lawyer. Tom Green County is included in the San Angelo metropolitan area; the county is home to Goodfellow Air Force Base, as well as Angelo State University, part of the Texas Tech University System.
Metal-catalyzed cyclopropanations
Metal-catalyzed cyclopropanations are chemical reactions that result in the formation of a cyclopropane ring from a metal carbenoid species and an alkene. In the Simmons–Smith reaction the metal involved is zinc. Metal carbenoid species can be generated through the reaction of a diazo compound with a transition metal. The intramolecular variant of this reaction was first reported in 1961.  Rhodium carboxylate complexes, such as dirhodium tetraacetate, are common catalysts. Enantioselective cyclopropanations have been developed.

Carbenoid
In chemistry a carbenoid is a reactive intermediate that shares reaction characteristics with a carbene. In the Simmons–Smith reaction the carbenoid intermediate is a zinc / iodine complex that takes the form of

I-CH2-Zn-I

This complex reacts with an alkene to form a cyclopropane just as a carbene would do.

Carbenoids appear as intermediates in many other reactions. In one system a carbenoid chloroalkyllithium reagent is prepared in situ from a sulfoxide and t-BuLi which reacts the boronic ester to give an ate complex. The ate complex undergoes a 1,2-metallate rearrangement to give the homologated product, which is then further oxidised to a secondary alcohol.

The enantiopurity of the chiral sulfoxide is preserved in the ultimate product after oxidation of the boronic ester to the alcohol indicating that a true carbene was never involved in the sequence.
HMS Imogen
Six ships of the Royal Navy have been called HMS Imogen or HMS Imogene. A seventh was planned but never built:

HMS Imogen (1800) was an 18-gun sloop, originally the French privateer Diable-a-Quatre. She was captured in 1800 and foundered in 1805.

HMS Imogen (1805) was a 16-gun brig-sloop launched in 1805 and sold in 1817.

HMS Imogene (1831) was a 28-gun sixth rate, originally named HMS Pearl, but renamed in 1826 and launched in 1831. She was burnt by accident in 1840.

HMS Imogene was to have been a wooden screw corvette, ordered in 1861 but cancelled in 1863.

HMS Imogene (1864) was a Coastguard vessel launched in 1864. She was renamed HMS Argus in 1884 and was sold in 1903.

HMS Imogene (1882) was an iron screw yacht, formerly the Jacamar, built in 1882 by Barclay, Curle & Co, Glasgow. She was purchased in 1882, renamed HMS Impey in 1919 and was sold later that year.

HMS Imogen (D44) was an I-class destroyer launched in 1936 and sunk in a collision in 1940.

HMS Imogene (1831)
HMS Imogene was a Conway-class sixth rate of the Royal Navy, built by Pembroke Dockyard and launched on 24 June 1831. She served in the East Indies, China and South America, but was accidentally burnt while out of commission on 27 September 1840.
Mucorales
The Mucorales is the largest and best-studied order of zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. The term mucormycosis is now preferred for infections caused by molds belonging to the order Mucorales.

Sporangium
A sporangium (from Late Latin, from Ancient Greek  σπορά (sporá) 'seed' and  ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) 'vessel'; pl.: sporangia) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct haploid spores by meiosis.
Quantum valebant
Quantum valebant is a Latin phrase meaning "as much as they were worth". It is sometimes used in its singular form, quantum valebat, meaning “as much as it was worth". It is a common count at law very similar to quantum meruit. The two legal actions differ only in that quantum meruit is used to recover the reasonable value of services rendered, while quantum valebant is used to recover the reasonable value of goods sold and delivered. This count is considered a type of assumpsit.

Goods
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads, i.e. things that provide negative value for users, like chores or waste. A bad lowers a consumer's overall welfare.

Economics focuses on the study of economic goods, i.e. goods that are scarce; in other words, producing the good requires expending effort or resources. Economic goods contrast with free goods such as air, for which there is an unlimited supply.

Goods are the result of the secondary sector of the economy which involves the transformation of raw materials or intermediate goods into goods.