hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khowar alphabet
The Khowar alphabet is the right-to-left alphabet used for the Khowar language. It is a modification of the Urdu alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the Persian alphabet and Arabic alphabet and uses the calligraphic Nastaʿlīq script.

Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet, or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, of which most have contextual forms. Unlike the modern Latin alphabet, the script has no concept of letter case. The Arabic alphabet is an abjad, with only consonants required to be written (though the long vowels – ā ī ū – are also written, with letters used for consonants); due to its optional use of diacritics to notate vowels, it is considered an impure abjad.
Limosilactobacillus pontis
Limosilactobacillus pontis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic bacterium. Along with other Lactobacillus species, it is capable of converting sugars, such as lactose, into lactic acid. Limosilactobacillus pontis is classified under the phylum Bacillota, class Bacilli, and is a member of the family Lactobacillaceae and is found to be responsible for the fermentation of sourdough, along with many other Lactobacillus species. This microorganism produces lactic acid during the process of fermentation, which gives sourdough bread its characteristic sour taste.

Maltose
Maltose (/ˈmɔːltoʊs/ or /ˈmɔːltoʊz/), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar.
Canton of Maurepas
The canton of Maurepas is an administrative division of the Yvelines department, northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Maurepas.

It consists of the following communes:

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
Pabor Lake
Pabor Lake is north of the city of Avon Park, Florida. It is a natural, round forty acre lake. About eighty-five percent of the lake is in Polk County, Florida. The remainder of the lake is in Highlands County, Florida. The lake is found at an elevation of 98 feet (30 m).

Pabor Lake is a public lake accessible from Lake Pabor Drive, which winds around the lake's north and east sides.

Highlands County, Florida
Highlands County is a county located in the Florida Heartland region of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 101,235. Its county seat is Sebring. Highlands County comprises the Sebring, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The SMA was first defined in 2003 as the Sebring, Florida Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), consisting of Highlands County. The status of the area was changed to a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in 2013. The MSA was renamed the Sebring-Avon Park, Florida MSA in 2018. The name reverted to Sebring, Florida MSA in 2023.
Murrumbidgee River railway bridge, Wagga Wagga
The Murrumbidgee River railway bridge is a former railway bridge that carried the Main Southern railway line across the Murrumbidgee River in Wagga Wagga, Australia. The original bridge, erected in 1881, was replaced in 2006.

Engineers Australia
Engineers Australia (EA), known formally as the Institution of Engineers, Australia, is an Australian professional body and not-for-profit organisation whose purpose is to advance the science and practice of engineering for the benefit of the community. Engineers Australia is Australia's recognised organisation for accreditation of professional engineering qualifications under the Washington Accord. As of 2022, EA has 115,000 members, which includes 31,000 students.
Symmetric equilibrium
In game theory, a symmetric equilibrium is an equilibrium where all players use the same strategy (possibly mixed) in the equilibrium.  In the Prisoner's Dilemma game pictured to the right, the only Nash equilibrium is (D, D).  Since both players use the same strategy, the equilibrium is symmetric.

Symmetric equilibria have important properties.  Only symmetric equilibria can be evolutionarily stable states in single population models.

Evolutionarily stable state
A population can be described as being in an evolutionarily stable state when that population's "genetic composition is restored by selection after a disturbance, provided the disturbance is not too large" (Maynard Smith, 1982). This population as a whole can be either monomorphic or polymorphic. This is now referred to as convergence stability.
Well-Deserved Obscurity
Well-Deserved Obscurity is the third studio album by the American country music duo The Warren Brothers. It was released in 2004 via 429 Records. The album followed two charting singles on BNA Records: "Hey Mr. President" and "Break the Record," which respectively reached #28 and #54 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. "Sell a Lot of Beer" was the first single from Well-Deserved Obscurity, reaching #51. It was followed by "Change" which did not chart.

Jason MacNeil of Allmusic gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, saying that it showed the duo's rock and roots influences.

429 Records
429 Records was an American record label. It was a subsidiary label of Savoy Label Group/Nippon Columbia focusing on indie rock and adult album alternative performers. In addition to releasing new material from musicians such as Dr. John, Little Feat, Cracker, and Gin Blossoms, the label released several compilation albums, including Endless Highway: The Music of The Band and A Song for My Father, a set of recordings of songs by sons and daughters of the original artists.

Savoy was bought by the Concord Music Group in 2017.
Adderly Fong
Adderly Fong Cheun-yue (Traditional Chinese: 方駿宇; Pinyin: Fāng Jùnyǔ; born March 2, 1990) is a Canadian-Hong Kong racing driver. His career started in 2004. He is currently competing in the Blancpain GT World Challenge Asia racing series. He also completed the 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans with OAK Racing Team Asia, finishing eleventh overall and seventh in the LMP2 class. In 2015, he was appointed as a test driver at Lotus F1 Team.

GT World Challenge Asia
The GT World Challenge Asia (formerly Blancpain GT Series Asia and Blancpain GT World Challenge Asia) is a GT series motor racing competition promoted by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation and organized by Team Asia One GT Management.

From its inception in 2017 to 2023, GT World Challenge Asia was a multi-class championship featuring GT3 and GT4 cars. In 2024, the series adopted the same GT3-only format as the other GT World Challenge series on other continents.

The Japan Cup series debuted in 2022 as a parallel championship within GT World Challenge Asia, with races held exclusively in Japan. It was split into a separate championship in 2024.

Each season consists of six rounds, each with two 60-minute races. Each entry has two drivers, which must swap in a compulsory pitstop between the 25th and 35th minute.
1981 US Open – Mixed doubles
Wendy Turnbull and Marty Riessen were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Wendy White and Mike Bauer.

Anne Smith and Kevin Curren won in the final 6–4, 7–6(7–4) against JoAnne Russell and Steve Denton.

Mike Bauer
Mike Bauer (born June 29, 1959) is a retired American tour professional tennis player. Bauer won three singles and nine top-tier doubles titles during his career.  He reached a career high singles ranking of world No. 29 in November 1984.
Trethurgy
Trethurgy (Cornish: Tredhevergi) is a village in the parish of Treverbyn, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about two miles northeast of St Austell. Carne Farm, Trethurgy is the birthplace of Silvanus Trevail, a president of the Society of Architects and the architect of many well known Cornish hotels such as the Headland Hotel, Newquay and the Carbis Bay Hotel, Carbis Bay.

Society of Architects
The Society of Architects was an organisation of architects that was formed in 1884 and continued until 1925.  At that time Fellows and Associates comprised two distinct classes of membership of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). They were respectively entitled to use the post-nominal affix "FRIBA" or "ARIBA". The formation of the Society of Architects was a result of a campaign by a group of associates to be allowed to vote on the affairs of the Institute which the Fellowship class had resisted.
Leopold of Limburg Stirum
Several members of the mediatized House of Limburg-Stirum had the name Leopold.

Amongst them:

Leopold of Limburg Stirum (1681–1726), from the branch Limburg-Styrum-Gemen.

Leopold van Limburg Stirum (1758–1840), he played a prominent role in the re-establishment of the monarchy in the Netherlands in 1813.

Leopold Karel, Count of Limburg Stirum
Leopold Count van Limburg Stirum (March 12, 1758 in Hoogeveen – June 25, 1840 in The Hague) was a politician who was part of the Triumvirate that took power in 1813 in order to re-establish the monarchy in the Netherlands.
Katawa, Mzuzu
Katawa is a populated township in Northern Region, Malawi. It is located in the Northern Region of the Mzuzu. Its neighbourhood include Luwinga, Mchengautuba, Chiwavi and Chibanja. It is home to the Malawi's gospel singers, the Katawa Singers.

Northern Region, Malawi
The Northern Region is one of the three administrative regions of Malawi, located in the north of the country. It covers an area of approximately 26,200 square kilometres and had a population of 2,420,440 as per the 2018 census. Its regional capital is the city of Mzuzu, which is also the third largest city in Malawi. The common language (lingua franca) of the region is Chitumbuka language which is understood by everyone and every ethnic group in the region.

Historically, the first major ethnic group to strengthen its cultural and political presence in the Northern Region were the Tumbuka people, who established themselves primarily in present-day districts of Mzimba, Rumphi, Karonga, Chitipa and parts of Nkhata Bay.
Nazarovo, Zianchurinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Nazarovo (Russian: Назарово; Bashkir: Назар, Nazar) is a rural locality (a village) in Novochebenkinsky Selsoviet, Zianchurinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 69 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Zianchurinsky District
Zianchurinsky District (Russian: Зианчу́ринский райо́н; Bashkir: Ейәнсура районы, Yeyänsura rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic and borders with Kugarchinsky District in the north, Zilairsky District in the northeast and east, Khaybullinsky District in the east, and with Orenburg Oblast in the south and west. The area of the district is 3,342.35 square kilometers (1,290.49 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Isyangulovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,626, with the population of Isyangulovo accounting for 26.9% of that number.
2008 Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom
The 2008 Elf Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom season began at Brands Hatch on 29 March and finished after 20 races over 10 events at the same circuit on 21 September. The championship was won by Ben Winrow driving for Team Pyro.

Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit in West Kingsdown, Kent, England. Originally used as a grasstrack motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently hosts many British and International racing events. The venue is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's MotorSport Vision organisation.
After the Rain (Irma Thomas album)
After the Rain is the eighteenth studio album by Irma Thomas. After the Rain won Best Contemporary Blues Album at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards, the first Grammy Award for Thomas, and the second-ever Grammy win by a woman in this category, after Etta James.

The album was recorded at the Dockside Studios in Maurice, Louisiana, only months after Hurricane Katrina destroyed Thomas's home in New Orleans.

Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album
The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album was awarded from 1988 to 2011 and from 2017 onwards. Until 1992 the award was known as Best Contemporary Blues Performance and in 1989 was awarded to a song rather than to an album.

The award was discontinued after the 2011 Grammy season in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012 onwards, the category was merged with the Best Traditional Blues Album category to form the new Best Blues Album category. However, in 2016 the Grammy organisation decided to revert the situation back to the pre-2012 era, with two separate categories for traditional and contemporary blues recordings respectively.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, for music released in the previous year. Buddy Guy and Keb' Mo hold the record of most wins in the category with four each, followed by Robert Cray, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Taj Mahal and Fantastic Negrito, all with three wins.
Raja Mukherjee
Raja Mukherjee (17 May 1951 – 18 July 2022) was an Indian cricketer. He played 34 first-class matches for Bengal between 1967 and 1979. His highest score was 154 not out against Orissa.

He was not related to Robin Mukherjee, who also played for Bengal in the late 1960s. They opened the batting together in 1967–68, making 112 for the first wicket in their first partnership.

Bengal cricket team
The  Bengal cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the state of West Bengal. The team is based in Kolkata. It is administered by the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) and participates in tournaments organized by the Board of Control of Cricket in India (BCCI). The team competes in the First-class cricket competition known as the Ranji Trophy, the List A cricket Vijay Hazare Trophy, and the T20 competition Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT).

They have been playing first-class cricket since 1935. Bengal have won the Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up 13 times. They also play in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy and the Vijay Hazare Trophy, both of which they have won once.

Several international cricketers have played for the team including Dilip Doshi, Sourav Ganguly, Deep Dasgupta, Mohammed Shami, Pankaj Roy, and Wriddhiman Saha.
Ramón Rosa Rodríguez
General Ramón Rosa Rodríguez (? – 10 October 1994) was a Paraguayan military officer. He was the head of Paraguay's national anti-drugs agency, Secretaría Nacional Antidrogas (SENAD), and was delivering a report to President Juan Carlos Wasmosy when he was assassinated. One of the soldiers escorting him, Captain Juan Emiliano Ruiz Díaz, was convicted of his murder in 1997. Rosa Rodríguez' suitcase was stolen in the attack, later re-appearing with most of its contents missing. The missing report is said to have implicated ex-President Andrés Rodríguez, then a Senator, as "the chief drug kingpin in Paraguay".

Andrés Rodríguez (politician)
Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti (June 19, 1923 – April 21, 1997) was a military officer and politician, being President of Paraguay from February 3, 1989, to August 15, 1993. He led the coup d'état on February 2 and 3, 1989, against the dictator Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda.
Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited
The Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited (TNPL) is a company that was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu to produce newsprint and writing paper using bagasse, a sugarcane residue. The Government of Tamil Nadu listed the paper mill in April 1979 under the provisions of the Companies Act of 1956. The factory is situated at Kagithapuram 11°02′56″N 77°59′52″E﻿ / ﻿11.0488°N 77.9977°E﻿ / 11.0488; 77.9977 in the Karur District of Tamil Nadu and Manapparai, Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. The registered office of the company is located in Guindy, Chennai.

Guindy
Guindy is a neighborhood of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The Kathipara junction where Anna Salai, Mount-Poonamallee Road, Inner Ring Road, 100 Feet Road or Jawaharlal Nehru Road, and GST Road meet here. It is one of the important nodal points of road traffic in the metropolitan area. It is also a commercial hub. Here is headquarters of Ashok Leyland This junction serves as the entry point to the city limits from the suburbs. It is surrounded by Saidapet in the North, Kotturpuram and Adyar towards the East, Velachery in the South, Adambakkam and Alandur in the South-West, Parangimalai in the West and Ekkatutthangal in the North-West. Guindy is home to many important landmarks in the city, the most famous amongst them being the Guindy National Park. It also serves as a main hub for several small and medium scale industries (Guindy Thiru Vi Ka Estate). Transportation to/from the neighborhood is catered by Guindy railway station and Guindy metro station.
Internet regulation in Turkey
Internet regulation in Turkey is primarily authorized under the Electronic Communications Law (ECL) and the Internet Act and carried out by the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA).

In 2018, the Turkish parliament passed a law giving the national broadcast media regulator, the High Council for Broadcasting (RTÜK), authority to monitor and regulate internet services. The law requires online video and streaming services to apply for a license to broadcast to Turkish internet users.

Turkey's internet, in 2018 which has 42.3 million active users, holds a 'Not Free' ranking in Freedom House's index. Turkish government has constantly blocked websites like Instagram, Discord, Twitter, YouTube and Wikipedia. Video games such as Roblox were banned. According to Twitter's transparency report, Turkey leads in social media censorship.

Radio and Television Supreme Council
Radio and Television Supreme Council (Turkish: Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu), also known in short as RTÜK, is the Turkish state agency for monitoring, regulating, and sanctioning radio and television broadcasts. RTÜK was founded in 1994 and is composed of nine members elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. RTÜK is located in Ankara and maintains local offices in Istanbul, İzmir and Diyarbakir.

Telecommunications and information technology sectors fall under another state agency, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK).

RTÜK initiated the establishment of two international forums in the field of audio visual media services such as the Black Sea Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (BRAF) among 12 members of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) in 2009, and the Islamic Countries Broadcasting Regulatory Authorities Forum (IBRAF), an affiliate of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), with its 57 member states, in 2011.
Helvetism
Helvetisms (Neo-Latin Helvetia "Switzerland" and -ism) are features distinctive of the varieties of language spoken in Switzerland, most notably in Swiss Standard German, where they distinguish it from Standard German. The most frequent Helvetisms in German occur in vocabulary and pronunciation, but there are also some distinctive features in syntax and orthography. The French and Italian spoken in Switzerland have similar terms, which are also known as Helvetisms. Current French dictionaries, such as the Petit Larousse, include several hundred helvetisms.

The term Helvetism has also been used in broader cultural and historical contexts, particularly in reference to Swiss literary and intellectual currents from the 18th century onward. In this sense, it has denoted expressions of national identity and unity across linguistic and regional boundaries, often linked to movements emphasizing Swiss values, independence, and supracantonal solidarity.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Relocation (computing)
In software development, relocation is the process of assigning load addresses for position-dependent code and data of a program and adjusting the code and data to reflect the assigned addresses.

A linker usually performs relocation in conjunction with symbol resolution, the process of searching files and libraries to replace symbolic references or names of libraries with actual usable addresses in memory before running a program.

Relocation is typically done by the linker at link time, but it can also be done at load time by a relocating loader, or at run time by the running program itself.

Computer data storage
Computer data storage or digital data storage is the retention of digital data via technology consisting of computer components and recording media. Digital data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.: 15–16

Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This distinction was extended in the Von Neumann architecture, where the central processing unit (CPU) consists of two main parts: The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory, while the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. In practice, almost all computers use a memory hierarchy,: 468–473  which puts memory close to the CPU and storage further away.

In modern computers, hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) are usually used as storage.
Cassiani
Cassiani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giuliano Cassiani (1712–1778), Italian poet

Stefano Cassiani, Italian Baroque painter

Francisco Cassiani (born 1968), Colombian footballer

Geovanis Cassiani (born 1970), Colombian footballer

Edwin Cassiani (born 1972), Colombian boxer

Francisco Cassiani
Francisco Cassiani Gómez (born 22 April 1968 in Arboletes, Antioquia), known as Francisco Cassiani, is a Colombian former footballer who played as a centre-back for clubs in Colombia, Argentina, Peru and Chile.

He is the older brother of Geovanis Cassiani.