hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shaokao
Shaokao (traditional Chinese: 燒烤; simplified Chinese: 烧烤; pinyin: shāo kǎo), also romanized as shao kao, is the Chinese translation of "barbecue". Chinese variants of the practice constitute a significant aspect of Chinese cuisine. In China, it is predominantly found on busy Chinese streets and night markets as street food sold in food stalls and is a type of xiaochi.  In China and elsewhere, such as in the United States, diners sometimes also order beer as an accompaniment.

Shaokao typically consists of heavily spiced, barbecued foods on skewers. It is available in almost all of the cities in China, and is a prominent dish in Beijing, China, where some restaurants set up food stalls outdoors to purvey the product. Concerns about air pollution generated from shaokao vendors associated with increased smog levels in Beijing have prompted restrictions.

Night market
Night markets or night bazaars (Chinese: 夜市) are street markets which operate at night and are generally dedicated to more leisurely strolling, shopping, and eating than more businesslike day markets. The culture of night markets originates from China and have spread globally with overseas Chinese populations. They are typically open-air markets popular in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Chinatowns in several other regions of the world.
Timeline of Philippine political history
This article presents a timeline of Philippine political history focused  on governmental transitions  of the Philippine archipelago, major polities, invasion attempts, and insurgency movements from the pre-Hispanic period to the present. The information presented here is highly summarized, and more complete information can be found in more detailed articles linked below.

Kalantiaw
Datu Kalantiaw (Rajah Bendahara Kalantiaw) (sometimes spelled Kalantiao) is a widely publicized pseudohistorical figure based on an early 20th-century hoax by José Marco. Kalantiaw was credited with allegedly creating the first legal code in the Philippines, known as the Code of Kalantiaw in 1433. He gained national prominence in the 20th century in the Philippines, particularly in the island of Panay where allegedly held office.

His authenticity was debunked in 1965 by historian William Henry Scott in his PhD thesis, Critical Study of the Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History. Regardless, the hoax continued to be promulgated until the latter half of the 20th century. In 2005, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines officially recognized Kalantiaw and the Code of Kalantiaw to be a 20th-century fraudulent work by José Marco with no historical basis.
Big Rapids Distribution
Big Rapids Distribution was a Detroit-based distributor focusing on underground newspapers, radical literature, and underground comix. They were responsible for the unusually good coverage that underground comix and underground papers got in the Michigan area in the early 1970s, when they could be found in most full-service newsstands there. At its height, shortly before it went bankrupt in 1980, Big Rapids was functioning as an alternative independent distributor in the central and southern Michigan areas, selling a full line of magazines and paperbacks, as well as mainstream comics.

Underground press
The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. 
In specific recent (post-World War II) Asian, American and Western European context, the term "underground press"  has most frequently been employed to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s in India and Bangladesh in Asia, in the United States and Canada in North America, and the United Kingdom and other western nations. It can also refer to the newspapers produced independently in repressive regimes. In German occupied Europe, for example, a thriving underground press operated, usually in association with the Resistance. Other notable examples include the samizdat and bibuła, which operated in the Soviet Union and Poland respectively, during the Cold War.
Virginia Theatre (Champaign)
The Virginia Theatre is a live performance and movie theatre in downtown Champaign, Illinois. It has been providing theatrical and cinematic entertainment to the Champaign-Urbana community since its doors opened in 1921. Each year, the Virginia Theatre is host to movies from film reels, plays from various acting troupes, concerts, and Ebertfest, presented by the UIUC College of Media. It is currently owned by the Champaign Park District.

College of Media (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)
The College of Media is the journalism school of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States. The college's name changed from the College of Communications to the College of Media in 2008.

The College of Media offers Bachelor of Science degrees in Journalism, Advertising, Media and Cinema Studies, and (jointly with the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences) Agricultural Communications. The college also partners with the Grainger College of Engineering to provide a "CS+" major in advertising which combines the academic study of advertising and computer science. Graduate degrees are offered with Master of Science degrees in Journalism and Advertising. A Doctor in Philosophy in Communications and Media is also available.

The College of Media is primarily housed in Gregory Hall. The Richmond Journalism Teaching Studio is also used for broadcast classes.
Laptyug
Laptyug (Russian: Лаптюг) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Kichmegnskoye Rural Settlement, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 304 as of 2002. There are 7 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Charles Mowbray
Charles Wilfred Mowbray (1857 – December 1910) was an English anarcho-communist agitator, tailor, trade unionist and public speaker. Mowbray was an active orator and agitator in the Labour Emancipation League, and then the Socialist League, becoming the publisher of the Socialist League's newspaper Commonweal in 1890. At this time he began describing himself as an anarcho-communist. He was arrested in 1892 and charged with conspiracy to murder in a high-profile trial but was acquitted. At this time he reportedly worked as a police informant. From 1894 he lived and worked in the United States where he went on speaker tours before being deported in the wake of the assassination of President McKinley. Back in England he moved away from anarchism and began lecturing on tariff reform (protectionism) and was funded by the National Union of Conservative Associations.

Anarchist communism
Anarchist communism is a far-left political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates a form of communism. It calls for the abolition of hierarchies, as well as private property but retention of personal property and collectively owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources (i.e. from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs).

Anarchist communism was first formulated as such in the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association. The theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin took importance later as it expanded and developed pro-organizationalist and insurrectionary anti-organizationalist section. Examples of anarchist communist societies are the anarchist territories of the Makhnovshchina during the Russian Revolution, and those of the Spanish Revolution, most notably revolutionary Catalonia.
Howard Grant (boxer)
Howard Grant (born June 22, 1966, in Saint Ann, Jamaica) is a retired male Canadian boxer, competing in the light-welterweight (– 63.5 kg) division. A resident of Montréal, Quebec, he represented Canada at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, where he was defeated in the round of 16 by Sweden's Lars Myrberg.

Grant won the gold medal in the same weight division, two years earlier, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games  Howard is renowned for training top UFC Fighters and Professional Boxers.  He and his brother Otis have their own gym on the West Island in Montreal, Grant Brothers Boxing, where they train professional athletes and many amateurs.

Not only coaching, Howard is involved in developing boxing product with several brands such as Grant Boxing and GBB.

Howard has trained former UFC welterweight champion Georges St-Pierre in boxing for a few years now.

Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics took place in the Jamsil Students' Gymnasium in Seoul between 17 September and 2 October. Twelve men's individual boxing events were contested, attended by 432 athletes and 159 officials from 106 countries. The events were notable for a controversial decision in the light middleweight championship bout between American Roy Jones Jr. and South Korean Park Si-Hun, when Roy Jones was denied gold despite being considered vastly superior by observers.
Euphilotes spaldingi
Euphilotes spaldingi, or Spalding's blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. The species was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1917. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Euphilotes spaldingi is 4369.1.

James Halliday McDunnough
James Halliday McDunnough (10 May 1877 – 23 February 1962) was a Canadian linguist, musician, and entomologist best known for his work with North American Lepidoptera, but who also made important contributions about North American Ephemeroptera.
History of Udaipur
Udaipur, India was founded in 1559,  by Maharana Udai Singh II in the fertile circular Girwa Valley to the southwest of Nagda, on the Banas River. The city was established as the new capital of the Mewar kingdom.

Nagda
Nagda (Hindi pronunciation: [n̪aːgd̪aː]) is an industrial City in Ujjain district under Indore Metropolitan Region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It lies in the administrative headquarters of the city of Ujjain, in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh. It is situated on the bank of the Chambal River.

Presently, Nagda is a major industrial city with a manufacturing unit of Viscose Fibre, a Thermal Power Plant, and a Chemical Plant. Nagda is a major ISO granted Railway Junction on the Delhi–Mumbai railway line. The town is exactly 694 km from both Delhi and Mumbai.

Before Nagda was an industrial town, its location near the Chambal with ample land available, along with its location between two of India's biggest markets (Delhi and Mumbai) attracted Ghanshyam Das Birla to set up a major facility. Today Grasim's industrial unit at Nagda is the largest manufacturer of Viscose staple fibre in Asia and coloured fibre in the world.
Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny
Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny (1889) is often referred to as New Zealand's first science fiction novel. It was written by former Prime Minister of New Zealand Sir Julius Vogel while he was in England. It anticipated a utopian world where women held many positions of authority, and in fact New Zealand became the first country to give women the vote, and from 1998 to 2008 continuously had a female Prime Minister, while for a short period (2005–2006) all five highest government positions (Queen, Governor-General, Prime Minister, Speaker of the House and Chief Justice) were simultaneously held by women.

Governor-general
Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm). In the British Empire, governors-general were appointed on the advice of the government of the United Kingdom and were often British aristocracy, but in the mid-twentieth century they began to be appointed on the advice of the independent government of each realm and were citizens of each independent state.

Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan and France in Indochina.
Alexandre del Valle
Marc d'Anna (born 4 September 1968), writing under the pen name Alexandre del Valle, is a Franco-Italian geopolitologist, writer, professor, columnist, and political commentator.

Del Valle specializes in geopolitics. He is known primarily for his analysis of Islamic extremism, and his criticism of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's policies. Del Valle is a proponent of the PanWest paradigm, which is the cooperation between the West and Russia against radical Islamism. He coined the term "red–green–brown alliance" in 2002.

Del Valle focuses on Islamic extremism, geopolitical threats, civilizational conflicts, and terrorism, as well as Mediterranean issues such as Turkey's proposed accession to the European Union. Del Valle wrote on international relations and geopolitics of the Arab-Muslim world.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Nadiri
Nadiri was a type of a overcoat that was specifically reserved for the Mughal emperor Jahangir (r. 1605–1627) and his esteemed courtiers. The vest was an invention of his own, which he had named 'Nadiri'. Nadiri was known as kurdi among the people in Persia. The term 'nadiri' was meant to refer to rarity.

Overcoat
An overcoat is a type of long, thick coat intended to be worn as the outermost garment for warmth. It usually extends below the knee. Overcoats are most often used in winter when warmth is more important.

They are sometimes confused with or referred to as topcoats, which are shorter and end at or above the knees. Topcoats and overcoats together are known as outercoats. Unlike overcoats, topcoats are usually made from lighter weight cloth such as gabardine or covert, while overcoats are made from heavier cloth or fur.
California Northstate University College of Medicine
California Northstate University College of Medicine is a private medical school located in Elk Grove, California, offering the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. It is one of seven colleges within California Northstate University, which also includes the College of Pharmacy (PharmD, MS), College of Dental Medicine (DMD), College of Health Sciences (BA, BS), College of Psychology (PsyD, MA), College of Graduate Studies (PhD, MS, MHA), and the College of Nursing, established in Fall 2024. Founded in 2015, the College of Medicine currently enrolls approximately 450 students.

Dignity Health
Dignity Health (formerly Catholic Healthcare West) is a California-based not-for-profit public-benefit corporation. Formerly a Catholic institution, the organization went independent in 2012 and adopted its new name. In February 2019, Dignity Health merged with Catholic Health Initiatives, becoming part of CommonSpirit Health.
Pan-Européenne
Pan-Européenne is a French film production and distribution company. Originally focused solely on distribution, it expanded into production in 1992 with the film Beau fixe. It has produced various films, including Jaco Van Dormael's The Eighth Day (1996) and Mr. Nobody (2009), Jérôme Salle's Largo Winch (2008), and distributed Bryan Singer's The Usual Suspects (1995), Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez's Sin City (2005).

Valérie Guignabodet
Valérie Guignabodet (9 May 1965 – 23 February 2016) was a French film director and screenwriter. She studied at Emlyon Business School, and directed four films between 2002 and 2009, including Danse avec lui in 2007, and the television series Sam in 2016.
Amar Prithibi
Amar Prithibi (Bengali: আমার পৃথিবী) is the debut studio album by Bangladeshi alternative rock band Black, released in 2002 by G-Series. According to the record label, the album has sold over 300,000 copies. Years later and following the release of further albums, its songs "Amar Prithibi", "Amra", "Obhiman", "Prarthonad", and "Miththa" remained some of Black's most popular compositions with fans, according to journalists at The Daily Star and The Business Standard.

Sitar
The sitar (English:  /ˈsɪtɑːr/ or /sɪˈtɑːr/; IAST: sitāra) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau Khan, an 18th-century figure of the Mughal Empire, has been identified by modern scholarship as the inventor of the sitar. According to most historians, he developed the sitar from the setar, an Iranian instrument of Abbasid or Safavid origin.

Used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The advent of psychedelic culture during the mid-to-late 1960s set a trend for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Metallica and many others.
Gordon Burke
Gordon Brian Burke (born February 5, 1941) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Burke attended high school in Marshalltown, Iowa and was a tool and die maker. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1991 to 1995, as a Democrat.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.
Balhampur
Balhampur (Hindi: [bəlʱɑːmpʊr] ⓘ) is a village in the southern part of Saharsa district, Bihar. It lies in the Simri Bakhtiyarpur Block and Khagaria Assembly constituency at an elevation of 45 meters above MSL.Kosi River which flows 3 km west from Village.

The village is bordered by Simri Bakhtiyarpur (5 km South), Mahkhar, and Bhorha (2 km east), with Saharsa located 15 km to the north. Balhampur's economy is largely agricultural.
The people of Balhampur celebrate Chhath Puja.
Key landmarks near Balhampur include the State Bank of India branch in Simri Bakhtiyarpur, located 5 km to the north. National Highway 231 passes nearby, connecting the village to other significant locations in the region.
Balhampur is governed locally by the Mukhiya, Sabujiya Devi, who oversees the village's administration and development.

Mukhi
Mukhi (mukhia) is the title used for a head of community or village elites and their local government in Western India and Sindh. It is derived from the word mukhiya meaning 'foremost', and prior to Indian independence they were the most powerful person in each community, imbued with both civil and judicial powers.
Elliot Saltzman
Elliot Saltzman  Archived 2006-09-06 at the Wayback Machine is an American psychologist and speech scientist. He is a professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Boston University and a Senior Scientist at Haskins Laboratories in New Haven, Connecticut. He is best known for his development, with J. A. Scott Kelso of "task dynamics ." He is also known for his contributions to the development of a gestural-computational model  Archived 2006-12-08 at the Wayback Machine at Haskins Laboratories that combines task dynamics with articulatory phonology and articulatory synthesis. His research interests include application of theories and methods of nonlinear dynamics and complexity theory to understanding the dynamical and biological bases of sensorimotor coordination and control. He is the co-founder, with Philip Rubin, of the IS group.

Articulatory synthesis
Articulatory synthesis refers to computational techniques for synthesizing speech based on models of the human vocal tract and the articulation processes occurring there. The shape of the vocal tract can be controlled in a number of ways which usually involves modifying the position of the speech articulators, such as the tongue, jaw, and lips. Speech is created by digitally simulating the flow of air through the representation of the vocal tract.
Matthews, Illinois
Matthews is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Illinois, United States. The community is located along County Route 18 near its intersection with Illinois Route 13 and Illinois Route 127, 8.1 miles (13.0 km) west-southwest of Du Quoin.

Illinois Route 13
Illinois Route 13 (IL 13) is a major east–west state route in southern Illinois. Illinois 13 has its western terminus at Cahokia Heights at Illinois Route 157 and its eastern terminus at the Kentucky state line and the Ohio River, at Kentucky Route 56. This is a distance of 151.54 miles (243.88 km).
WVXX
WVXX (1050 AM) is a Spanish contemporary hit radio formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Norfolk, Virginia, serving Hampton Roads. WVXX is owned and operated by Davidson Media Group.

1050 AM is a Mexican clear-channel frequency. XEG-AM is the dominant Class A station.

Davidson Media Group
The Davidson Media Group (DMG) is a Charlotte-based broadcaster specializing in multi-cultural, community focused formats.  The company runs stations in a number of markets in 10 states and also specializes in selling large blocks of time on some of its stations to brokers who broadcast Spanish and/or urban contemporary gospel programs. Despite the minority-focus of DMG's market, the company itself is not minority-owned and is controlled through two private equity groups, CapStreet II LP and Citigroup Venture Capital.

Felix Perez was at one time DMG's president and chief executive officer; by January 2012, Perez had been named as the general manager for Univision Radio.

On February 13, 2009, SS Broadcasting Holdings (SSH) announced that it was purchasing Davidson Media Group for $1,000 cash and assumption of debt. This transaction placed SSH in control of 43 stations previously licensed to DMG.