hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Riasti dialect
Riasti is a term used for a group of Lahnda varieties spoken in the Cholistan Desert along the banks of the river Sutlej in the southern Punjab, Pakistan. Its definition is imprecise, and is usually taken to refer to the central (Multani) and southern dialects of Saraiki language which were spoken in the former riasat (transl. state) of Bahawalpur, in what are now the Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan districts, respectively. The southern dialect, also known as Bahawalpuri, is spoken in the southern parts of Dera Ghazi Khan (present Rajanpur) as well.

Rajanpur District
Rajanpur (Urdu: ضِلع راجن پُور) is a district of Dera Ghazi Khan Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab, with its administrative headquarters the city of Rajanpur. District of Rajanpur was formerly part of Dera Ghazi Khan District and was created on 1 July 1982. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the district had a population of 2,323,980 (2.3 million).
Piasa
The Piasa (/ˈpaɪ.əsɔː/ PY-ə-saw) or Piasa Bird is a creature from Native American mythology depicted in one of two murals painted by Native Americans on cliffsides above the Mississippi River. Its original location was at the end of a chain of limestone bluffs in Madison County, Illinois, at present-day Alton, Illinois.  The original Piasa illustration no longer exists; a newer 20th-century version, based partly on 19th-century sketches and lithographs, has been placed on a bluff in Alton, Illinois, several hundred yards upstream from its origin. The limestone rock quality is unsuited for holding an image, and the painting must be regularly restored.  The original site of the painting was on lithographic limestone, which was quarried away in the late 1870s by the Mississippi Lime Company.

Lithographic limestone
Lithographic limestone is hard limestone that is sufficiently fine-grained, homogeneous and defect-free to be used for lithography.

Geologists use the term "lithographic texture" to refer to a grain size under 1/250 mm.

The term "sublithographic" is sometimes used for homogeneous fine-grained limestone with a somewhat coarser texture.
Gourgopal Ghosh
Gourgopal Ghosh was an Indian footballer playing for Mohun Bagan club of Kolkata. He also served as a member of managing committee of central co-operative bank of Visva-Bharati since its establishment in 1927. He also worked at Silpa-Sadan for some time. Thus he played an important role in the development of Visva-Bharati.

He graduated with a degree in mathematics from the prestigious Scottish Church College, in Kolkata. He then joined Santiniketan as a teacher of Mathematics.

In 1927 he joined Sriniketan and served the institutes in various capacities. He was in the managing committee of the Central Cooperative Bank of Visva Bharati since its establishment in 1927. He also served Silpa Sadana for some time.

A ground in Santiniketan asrama campus is named Gour-Prangana after him.

Scottish Church College
Scottish Church College is a college affiliated by Calcutta University, India. It offers selective co-educational undergraduate and postgraduate studies and is the oldest continuously running Christian liberal arts and sciences college in Asia. It has been rated (A) by the Indian National Assessment and Accreditation Council. Students and alumni call themselves "Caledonians" in the name of the college festival, "Caledonia". The Scottish Church College has been embellished as GRADE-I Heritage Building on 8 November 2023.
Earith
Earith is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Lying approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of Huntingdon, Earith is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. At Earith, two artificial diversion channels of the River Great Ouse, the Old Bedford River and the New Bedford River, leave the river on a course to Denver Sluice near Downham Market, where they rejoin the Great Ouse in its tidal part. At the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,677, reducing to 1,606 at the 2011 Census.

Denver, Norfolk
Denver is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk.

Denver is 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Downham Market and 37 miles (60 km) west of Norwich. The village is east of and has land straddling the River Great Ouse.
Amphidromus ledaoae
Amphidromus ledaoae is a species of medium-sized air-breathing tree snail, an arboreal gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae.

Subspecies

Amphidromus ledaoae ledaoae Thach, 2016

Amphidromus ledaoae anhi Thach, 2018 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, debated synonym)

Tree snail
Tree snail is  a common name that is applied to various kinds of tropical air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks that have shells, and that live in trees, in other words, are exclusively arboreal in habitat.

Some other species of air-breathing land snails may sometimes be found on tree trunks, or even in the foliage of trees, but this does not mean they live their whole lives in trees, and they are not considered to be tree snails.
Mengdong
Mengdong(Chinese: 勐董; Va: Meng Doung / Gaeng Dum) is a town of Cangyuan Va Autonomous County and the government seat of the county. Guangyun Temple was built in 1828, which is one of the major historical and cultural sites of China. Mengdong is also a land port of China which connects to Wa State of Myanmar.

Port of entry
In general, a port of entry (POE) is a place where one may lawfully enter a country. It typically has border security staff and facilities to check passports and visas and to inspect luggage to assure that contraband is not imported. International airports are usually ports of entry, as are road and rail crossings on a land border. Seaports can be used as ports of entry only if a dedicated customs presence is posted there. The choice of whether to become a port of entry is up to the civil authority controlling the port.
Euoplos bairnsdale
Euoplos bairnsdale is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Idiopidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1995 by Australian arachnologist Barbara York Main. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.
Planina, Ljubno
Planina (pronounced [plaˈnìːna]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of Ljubno ob Savinji in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement
Constantin and Doruntinë
Constantin and Doruntine (Albanian: Kostandini dhe Doruntina), or Constantin's Besa (Albanian: Besa e Kostandinit), is an Albanian ballad and legend. It is also narrated in a prose version.
The legend has been narrated also:

As a novel written by Ismail Kadare named in Albanian Who brought Doruntine back? (Albanian: Kush e solli Doruntinën?) and in the English version simply named Doruntine

As a theatrical piece with the same title and based on Kadare's novel, put in scene by the National Theater of Albania in 1988. This was the version of Edmond Budina and Pirro Mani (People's Artist of Albania).

Pirro Mani
Pirro Mani (14 April 1932 – 3 June 2021) was an Albanian actor and theatre director. He was one of the most prominent personalities in the history of Albanian theater. He worked at the National Theatre of Albania for 25 years.
Robert Haralick
Robert M. Haralick (born 1943) is Distinguished Professor in Computer Science at Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). Haralick is one of the leading figures in computer vision, pattern recognition, and image analysis. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and a Fellow  and past president of the International Association for Pattern Recognition.
Professor Haralick is the King-Sun Fu Prize winner of 2016, "for contributions in image analysis, including remote sensing, texture analysis, mathematical morphology, consistent labeling, and system performance evaluation".

Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
Great North Run Cultural Programme
The Great North Run Cultural Programme, now known as Great North Run Culture, is an annual series of artistic commissions which celebrate and respond to the Great North Run - the world's largest half-marathon - its history and route, its spirit and recollection, the thousands of journeys and stories of those who take part.

Established in 2005 to celebrate the twenty fifth Great North Run, Great North Run Culture explores the partnership between art and sport. Commissions have included film, photography, music, dance, painting, drawing, writing and mass participation projects.

New work has been created by artists and creative practitioners including Jane and Louise Wilson, Michael Nyman, Fiona Banner, Bill Bryson, David Almond, Julian Germain, Graham Dolphin, Neville Campbell, Michael Baig-Clifford and Ravi Deepres, Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard, Suky Best, James Edwards, Stephen Gill and Beat Streuli.

Fiona Banner
Fiona Banner (born 1966), also known as The Vanity Press, is a British artist. Her work encompasses sculpture, drawing, installation and text, and demonstrates a long-standing fascination with the emblem of fighter aircraft and their role within culture and especially as presented on film. She is well known for her early works in the form of 'wordscapes', written transcriptions of the frame-by-frame action in Hollywood war films, including Top Gun and Apocalypse Now. Her work has been exhibited in prominent international venues such as the Museum of Modern Art, New York and Hayward Gallery, London.  Banner was shortlisted for the Turner Prize in 2002.
Richard de Billingford
Richard de Billingford (died 1432) was Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, holding the position three times, from 1400–1402, 1406-1413 and in 1432.

From 1398 to 1432 he was also Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he endowed a loan chest in which college members could deposit valuable objects as security for loans taken from the chest which would be sold if the loan was not repaid. The extant chest is kept in the Parker Library, Corpus Christi College. He was buried in St Bene't's Church, which was formerly used as the college chapel.

In 1413 as Chancellor he was sent by Henry V to Rome during the Western Schism as part of a delegation to tell the two Popes that unless one would step down, the King would recognise neither.

Parker Library, Corpus Christi College
The Parker Library is a library within Corpus Christi College, Cambridge which contains rare books and manuscripts. It is known throughout the world due to its invaluable collection of more than 600 manuscripts, particularly medieval texts, the majority of which were bequeathed to the college by Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker, a former Master of Corpus Christi College.
Ralf Fücks
Ralf Fücks (German: [fʏks]; born 3 August 1951) is a German politician. He was born in Edenkoben and has been a member of the Green Party of Germany since 1982 and has been Mayor of Bremen.
He is a member of the Green European Foundation and Heinrich Böll Foundation. Since 2006 he is married to green politician Marieluise Beck, they have two daughters.

Green European Foundation
The Green European Foundation is a European political foundation funded by the European Parliament. It is linked to, but independent of, other European Green actors such as the European Green Party and Greens–European Free Alliance.
Mars 96
Mars 96 (sometimes called Mars-8) was a failed Mars mission launched in 1996 to investigate Mars by the Russian Space Forces and not directly related to the Soviet Mars probe program of the same name. After failure of the second fourth-stage burn, the probe assembly re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, breaking up over a 320 km (200 mi) long portion of the Pacific Ocean, Chile, and Bolivia. The Mars 96 spacecraft was based on the Phobos probes launched to Mars in 1988. They were of a new design at the time and both ultimately failed. For the Mars 96 mission the designers believed they had corrected the flaws of the Phobos probes, but the value of their improvements was never demonstrated due to the destruction of the probe during the launch phase.

Plutonium-238
Plutonium-238 (238Pu or Pu-238) is a radioactive isotope of plutonium that has a half-life of 87.7 years.

Plutonium-238 is a very powerful alpha emitter; as alpha particles are easily blocked, this makes the plutonium-238 isotope suitable for usage in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater units. The density of plutonium-238 at room temperature is about 19.8 g/cc. The material will generate about 0.57 watts per gram of 238Pu.

The bare sphere critical mass of metallic plutonium-238 is not precisely known, but its calculated range is between 9.04 and 10.07 kg (19.9 and 22.2 lb).
Abū Isḥāq al-Ilbirī
Ibrahim ibn Masud ibn Saad al-Tujibi known as Abū Isḥāq al-Ilbirī was an Andalusian poet and faqīh, author of a short dīwān or collection of poems. Abū Isḥāq is best known for his invective against the Jews of Granada, a poem linked to the massacre of Granada's Jewish population in 1066. In that poem, Abū Isḥāq attacked the Zirid minister Yusuf ha-Nagid, son of the famous politician, poet and scholar Samuel ha-Nagid, who preceded him in the office at the Zirid court. Yusuf himself was murdered during the 1066 riot. Abū Isḥāq is also known for his ascetic poetry (zuhd), which insists upon religious themes, as well as upon aging and the heedlessness of men.

Taifa of Granada
The Taifa of Granada (Arabic: طائفة غرناطة, Ta'ifat Gharnata)  or Zirid Kingdom of Granada was a Muslim kingdom that was formed in al-Andalus (in present-day Spain) in 1013 following the deposition of Umayyad Caliph Hisham II in 1009. The kingdom was centered on Granada, its capital, and it also extended its control to Málaga for a period. Four kings succeeded each other during its nearly 80 years of existence, all of them belonging to an offshoot of the Zirid dynasty of North Africa, a Sanhaja Berber clan. The Taifa of Granada was considered to be the wealthiest out of all of the taifa kingdoms. It was eventually conquered by the Almoravids in 1090, putting an end to Zirid rule in Granada.
Chathura Gunaratne
Chathura Gunaratne Wellala Hettige (Sinhala: වෙල්ලාල හෙට්ටිගේ චතුර ගුණරත්න; born 8 September 1982), better known as Chathura Gunaratne, is an association footballer from Sri Lanka. Chathura plays in midfield and has played for eleven clubs in Sri Lanka as well as the Sri Lanka national football team.

Sri Lanka Champions League
The S1 League (Sinhala: එස්1 ලීගය; Tamil: எஸ்1 லீக்), or simply S1, also known as Sri Lanka Champions League, is the second-tier division of the Sri Lankan football league system. It was succeeded by the professional Sri Lanka Super League which serves as the first division. Until 2019, it was sponsored by Dialog Axiata and was thus officially known as the Dialog Champions League.

The league was conducted in various formats. Apart from the league system, a playoff stage was included in the 2013–14 season. Currently, 18 clubs participate in the tournament. Saunders have won the most titles in the league, winning 12 titles. Rathnam have won the title 5 times, Renown 4 times, and Colombo 3 times. In recent times, different clubs have been able to win the championship title.
Dieupentale
Dieupentale (French pronunciation: [djøpɛ̃tal]; Occitan: Diupentala) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Dieupentale station has rail connections to Toulouse, Montauban and Brive-la-Gaillarde.

Tarn-et-Garonne
Tarn-et-Garonne (French: [taʁn e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn e Garona [ˈtaɾ e ɣaˈɾunɔ]) is a department in the Occitania region in Southern France. It is traversed by the rivers Tarn and Garonne, from which it takes its name. The area was originally part of the former provinces of Quercy and Languedoc. The department was created in 1808 under Napoleon, with territory taken from the neighbouring Lot, Haute-Garonne, Lot-et-Garonne, Gers and Aveyron departments.

The department is mostly rural with fertile agricultural land in the broad river valley, but there are hilly areas to the south, east and north. The departmental prefecture is Montauban; the sole subprefecture is Castelsarrasin. In 2019, it had a population of 260,669.
Camporgiano
Camporgiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lucca in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Florence and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Lucca.

Camporgiano borders the following municipalities: Careggine, Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, Piazza al Serchio, San Romano in Garfagnana, Vagli Sotto.

Province of Lucca
The province of Lucca (Italian: provincia di Lucca) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lucca.

It has an area of 1,773 square kilometres (685 mi2) and a population of about 390,000. The province contains 33 comuni (sg.: comune).
Jill Stevens
Jill Stevens (born February 28, 1983) is a Miss Utah 2007. She was chosen as Miss Southern Utah University and Miss Davis County. She is a combat medic in the Utah Army National Guard and served as a medic during an 18-month tour in Afghanistan from 2004 to 2006 supporting Operation Enduring Freedom.

Combat medic
A combat medic is responsible for providing emergency medical treatment at a point of wounding in a combat or training environment, as well as primary care and health protection and evacuation from a point of injury or illness. Additionally, medics may also be responsible for the creation, oversight, and execution of long-term patient care plans in consultation with or in the absence of a readily available doctor or advanced practice provider. Combat medics may be used in hospitals and clinics, where they have the opportunity to work in additional roles, such as operating medical and laboratory equipment and performing and assisting with procedures.
Dominique Papety
Dominique Louis Féréol Papety (12 August 1815 – 19 September 1849) was a French painter. He is best known for his canvases and drawings on Greek themes, both Classical and contemporary, and is considered an early member of the Néo-Grec movement.

Neo-Grec
Néo-Grec was a Neoclassical Revival style of the mid-to-late 19th century that was popularized in architecture, the decorative arts, and in painting during France's Second Empire, the reign of Napoleon III (1852–1870). The Néo-Grec vogue took as its starting point the earlier expressions of the Neoclassical style inspired by 18th-century excavations at Pompeii, which resumed in earnest in 1848, and similar excavations at Herculaneum. The style mixed elements of the Graeco-Roman, Pompeian, Adam and Egyptian Revival styles into "a richly eclectic polychrome mélange." "The style enjoyed a vogue in the United States, and had a short-lived impact on interior design in England and elsewhere."
Patric Englund
Patric Englund (born June 3, 1970) is a former Swedish professional ice hockey player who played in the Swedish Hockey League and Norwegian GET-ligaen. Englund was drafted in the eighth round of the 1990 NHL Entry Draft by the Philadelphia Flyers, but he never played professionally in North America. He spent the first ten seasons of his professional career in Sweden, playing nine seasons with AIK IF, and the final six seasons of his career in Norway with Vålerenga.

AIK IF
Allmänna Idrottsklubben Ishockeyförening (abbreviated AIK IF, also known as AIK Hockey, often abbreviated AIK in hockey subjects), is the ice hockey department of sports club AIK based in Stockholm, Sweden. Since 2014, AIK's men's team compete in HockeyAllsvenskan, the second tier of ice hockey in Sweden, following a four-year spell in the top flight, the SHL. The women's team competes in Swedish Women's Hockey League, the highest division of women's ice hockey. AIK's home games are mainly played at Hovet, which seats 8,094 spectators, though some high-profile games may be played at Avicii Arena which has a larger capacity of 13,850.

In the team's 104-year history, AIK has played 66 seasons in Sweden's top division, 27 of which in the SHL. They have won the Le Mat Trophy as Swedish champions in ice hockey seven times (in 1934, 1935, 1938, 1946, 1947, 1982, and 1984) and have been runners-up an additional six times (in 1930, 1936, 1940, 1968, 1978, and 1981).
Spencer Drever
Spencer Drever (born 2003) is a Canadian actor. For his role as Gordo Nygaard, Lester Nygaard's nephew in Fargo, he was awarded a Joey Award. He was a recurring cast member on CBC's Strange Empire and also appeared in Olympus on SyFy. Drever lived in Cloverdale, BC while Fargo was in production

Strange Empire
Strange Empire is a Canadian Western television series that aired on CBC Television in the 2014–15 television season. Created by Laurie Finstad-Knizhnik, the series is a serialized drama set in Janestown, near the Alberta-Montana border in the 1860s, in which three women band together for survival after their husbands are murdered.

The cast includes Cara Gee, Melissa Farman and Tattiawna Jones. The first season began airing on 6 October 2014 and consists of 13 episodes.

CBC cancelled the series in March 2015 after one season. Strange Empire was broadcast on LMN in the US and was renamed Strange Empire: Rise of the Women, it premiered on May 29, 2015.