hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Perpendicular recording
Perpendicular recording (or perpendicular magnetic recording, PMR), also known as conventional magnetic recording (CMR), is a technology for data recording on magnetic media, particularly hard disks.  It was first proven advantageous in 1976 by Shun-ichi Iwasaki, then professor of the Tohoku University in Japan, and first commercially implemented in 2005.  The first industry-standard demonstration showing unprecedented advantage of PMR over longitudinal magnetic recording (LMR) at nanoscale dimensions was made in 1998 at IBM Almaden Research Center in collaboration with researchers of Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC) – a National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center (ERCs) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU).

IBM Research
IBM Research is the research and development division for IBM, an American multinational information technology company. IBM Research is headquartered at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, near IBM headquarters in Armonk, New York. It is the largest industrial research organization in the world with operations in over 170 countries and twelve laboratories on six continents.

IBM employees have garnered six Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, 20 inductees into the U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame, 19 National Medals of Technology, five National Medals of Science and three Kavli Prizes. As of 2018, the company had generated more patents than any other business in each of 25 consecutive years.
2022 Mubadala World Tennis Championship
The 2022 Mubadala World Tennis Championship was a non-ATP/WTA-affiliated exhibition tennis tournament. It was the 14th edition of the Mubadala World Tennis Championship with some of the world's top-ranked players competing in the event, held in a knockout format. The winner received $250,000 in prize money. The event was held at the International Tennis Centre at the Zayed Sports City in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It served as a warm-up event for the season, with the 2023 ATP Tour beginning on December 29, 2022.

Carlos Alcaraz (world number 1) and Casper Ruud (number 3) received byes to the semifinal. Stefanos Tsitsipas defeated Andrey Rublev, 6–2, 4–6, 6–2, to win the men's tournament. Ons Jabeur defeated Emma Raducanu, 5–7, 6–3, [10–8], to win the women's tournament.

Abu Dhabi International Tennis Centre
The International Tennis Centre, also known as Abu Dhabi International Tennis Complex, is a sports arena in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

The complex opened in 2004 as part of the Zayed Sports City. It has a seating capacity of 5,000 on Centre Court and 600 on Court 2. The sports city features three other major sporting and leisure facilities.
Aero Designs
Aero Designs was an American aircraft manufacturer based in San Antonio, Texas. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of composite kit aircraft.

Its sole design, the Aero Designs Pulsar was later produced by Skystar Aircraft of Nampa, Idaho and then by Pulsar Aircraft of El Monte, California. Each subsequent manufacturer introduced new variants.

Nampa, Idaho
Nampa (/ˈnæmpə/ ⓘ) is the most populous city in Canyon County, Idaho, United States. The population was 100,200 at the 2020 census. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise metropolitan area. The name "Nampa" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning 'moccasin' or 'footprint'. According to toponymist William O. Bright, the name comes from the Shoshoni word /nampai/, meaning "foot". The city has a prominent student population, home to the College of Western Idaho and Northwest Nazarene University.
Bear Island Light
Bear Island Light is a lighthouse on Bear Island near Mt. Desert Island, at the entrance to Northeast Harbor, Maine. It was first established in 1839. The present structure was built in 1889. It was deactivated in 1981 and relit as a private aid to navigation by the Friends of Acadia National Park in 1989.  Bear Island Light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Bear Island Light Station on March 14, 1988.

Northeast Harbor, Maine
Northeast Harbor is a village on Mount Desert Island, located in the town of Mount Desert in Hancock County, Maine, United States.

The village has a significant summer population, and has long been a quiet enclave of the rich and famous. Summer residents include the Rockefeller family. The village was once so popular as a summer resort among Philadelphians, including members of the Clark banking family, that it was sometimes known as "Philadelphia on the rocks".

Landmarks include the Asticou Hotel, the Asticou Azalea Garden, and Thuya Garden at the village's eastern entrance; Main Street, home to a variety of shops and restaurants; and the Marina, home to more than 200 yachts during the summertime.

Its ZIP code is 04662. Its area code is 207, exchange 276.
2010 FIBA World Championship qualification
Qualifying for the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey commenced as early as 2007 and will culminate in the five continental championships in each of the five FIBA zones. The final ranking of each continental championship determines which teams go to Turkey for the world championship, with FIBA allocating slots partly based on a zone's strength.

In addition to the host, the gold medalists in the 2008 Olympic basketball championship are also allocated automatic berths to the championship. Teams that failed to crack the top positions in their respective continental championships may still be selected as wild cards to fill out the 24-team cast.

A total of 106 countries participated in qualification to the world championship. This is less than in the 2010 FIFA World Cup (204) and 2010 FIVB Men's World Championship (109), but more than the 2011 Rugby World Cup (98) and the 2011 Cricket World Cup (about 100).

2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying
2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying began at the 2007 tournament in France, where twelve teams (the first three in each of the four pools) earned a place in the finals of the tournament, this automatically qualified them for the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.

After much speculation, it was confirmed on 30 November 2007 that 20 teams would contest the next edition of the tournament. The qualification system for the remaining eight places was region-based, with Europe and the Americas allocated two qualifying places, Africa, Asia and Oceania one place each, and the last place determined by a playoff.

With 79 teams participating in regional qualifying competitions, and 12 teams qualifying automatically, 91 nations were involved in the process.
Peter Hofstede
Peter Hofstede (born January 28, 1967, in Oosterbeek, Gelderland) is a retired football striker from the Netherlands, who made his professional debut in the 1990-1991 season for De Graafschap. Later on he played for Roda JC, FC Utrecht, Helmond Sport, FC Emmen, and ADO Den Haag.

ADO Den Haag
Alles Door Oefening Den Haag (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɑləz doːr ˈufənɪŋ dɛn ˈɦaːx]), commonly known by the abbreviated name ADO Den Haag ([ˈaːdoː dɛn ˈɦaːx]), is a Dutch association football club from the city of The Hague. They play in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football, following relegation from the Eredivisie in the 2020–21 season. The club was for a time known as FC Den Haag ([ɛfˈseː dɛn ˈɦaːx]), with ADO representing the amateur branch of the club. Despite being from one of the traditional three large Dutch cities, it has not been able to match Ajax, Feyenoord or PSV in terms of success in the Eredivisie or in European competition. There is nonetheless a big rivalry with Ajax and Feyenoord. The Dutch words "Alles Door Oefening" translate into Everything Through Practice.
Postpositivism
Postpositivism or postempiricism is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism and has impacted theories and practices across philosophy, social sciences, and various models of scientific inquiry. While positivists emphasize independence between the researcher and the researched person (or object), postpositivists argue that theories, hypotheses, background knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed. Postpositivists pursue objectivity by recognizing the possible effects of biases. While positivists emphasize quantitative methods, postpositivists consider both quantitative and qualitative methods to be valid approaches.

Metatheory
A metatheory or meta-theory is a theory whose subject matter is another theory. Analyses or descriptions of an existing theory would be considered meta-theories. For mathematics and mathematical logic, a metatheory is a mathematical theory about another mathematical theory. Meta-theoretical investigations are part of the philosophy of science. The topic of metascience is an attempt to use scientific knowledge to improve the practice of science itself.

The study of metatheory became widespread during the 20th century after its application to various topics, including scientific linguistics and its concept of metalanguage.
Yevdokiya Nikulina
Yevdokiya Andreyevna Nikulina (Russian: Евдокия Андреевна Никулина; 8 November [O.S. 26 October] 1917 – 23 March 1993) was a squadron commander in the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 26 October 1944.

North Caucasus Front
The North Caucasus Front, also translated as North Caucasian Front, was a major formation of the Red Army during the Second World War.

The North Caucasus Front describes either of two distinct organizations during the war.
Master of Monsters (video game)
Master of Monsters is a turn-based strategy game developed by SystemSoft for the MSX and NEC PC8801. It was ported to a variety of consoles and PCs including the PC Engine CD, NEC PC9801, and Sega Genesis/Mega Drive. While it never had the same success as its SystemSoft stablemate Daisenryaku, the game garnered a loyal following. Its success in the North American market on the Sega Genesis proved sufficient for a sequel on the Sega Saturn, and an anime art-style enhanced Sony PlayStation version titled Disciples of Gaia with a Japanese role-playing game feel. Master of Monsters: Disciples of Gaia was released in 1998.

The PlayStation version was announced to be re-released by Hamster for the Nintendo Switch 2 and PlayStation 5 as part of the Console Archives label.

NEC
NEC Corporation (日本電気株式会社, Nippon Denki Kabushiki gaisha; an acronym for the Nippon Electric Company) is a Japanese multinational information technology corporation headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and telecommunications equipment and software to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies. It is one of the five largest defense contractors in Japan.

NEC was one of the world's largest personal computer and semiconductor manufacturers from the 1980s to the 2000s, but has largely withdrawn from manufacturing since the beginning of the 21st century, having spun off its PC business to Lenovo and its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory.

NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.
Tear the Roof Off 1974–1980
Tear the Roof Off: 1974–1980  is a 2-CD compilation album by the funk group Parliament featuring songs recorded for Casablanca Records during the band's career with that label from 1974 to 1980. The compilation was released in 1993. The compilation includes some single edits and extended 12-inch single edits of selected songs, but no previously unreleased material, except for a slightly longer version of "Testify" that restores a deleted guitar introduction. The CD booklet contains historical articles from music writers Greg Tate and Tom Vickers, who served as the band's Minister of Information from 1976 until 1980.

Parliament (band)
Parliament was an American funk band formed in 1968 by George Clinton as a flagship act of his P-Funk collective. Evolving out of an earlier vocal group, Parliament became associated with a more commercial and less rock-oriented sound than its sister act Funkadelic. Their work incorporated Afrofuturist concepts, horn arrangements, synthesizer, and outlandish theatrics. The band scored a number of Top 10 hits, including the million-selling 1976 single "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)," and Top 40 albums such as Mothership Connection (1975).
Edward Grosvenor
Edward Grosvenor  was an English soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1656 to 1659. He served in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.

Grosvenor was quartermaster-general in the Parliamentary army. He was created MA at Oxford University on 19 May 1649. In 1656, he was elected Member of Parliament for Middlesex in the Second Protectorate Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Middlesex in 1659 for the Third Protectorate Parliament.

Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons. In its first session, the House of Commons was its only chamber; in the second session an Other House with a power of veto over the decisions of the Commons was added.
Ben Fuhriman
Ben G. Fuhriman is an American politician who is currently serving as a Republican member of the Idaho House of Representatives, representing the 30th district.

Fuhriman graduated from Brigham Young University and Montana State University. He is a member of the Bingham County Republican Central Committee.

In the 2024 Idaho House of Representatives election, he defeated incumbent Julianne Young in the Republican primary.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
Ames, Spain
Ames is a municipality of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain in the province of A Coruña. It has an area of 80.55 square kilometres (31.10 sq mi), a population of 26,983 inhabitants (INE, 2009) and a density of 258.72 per square kilometre (670.1/sq mi). It belongs to the comarca of Santiago de Compostela.

Province of A Coruña
The province of A Coruña (Galician: provincia da Coruña [pɾoˈβinθjɐ ðɐ koˈɾuɲɐ]; Spanish: provincia de La Coruña [la koˈɾuɲa] ⓘ; historical English: Corunna) is the northwesternmost province of Spain, and one of the four provinces which constitute the autonomous community of Galicia. This province is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north, Pontevedra Province to the south and Lugo Province to the east. It has a population of 1,128,449 across its 93 municipalities.
By Schism Rent Asunder
By Schism Rent Asunder is a science fiction book by American writer David Weber. It is the second book in the open-ended Safehold series, after Off Armageddon Reef. The publication date was July 22, 2008. The third book in the series is named By Heresies Distressed

David Weber
David Mark Weber (born October 24, 1952) is an American science fiction and fantasy author. He has written several science-fiction and fantasy books series, the best-known of which is the Honor Harrington science-fiction series. His first novel, which he worked on with Steve White, sold in 1989 to Baen Books. Baen remains Weber's major publisher.
Maręże
Maręże [maˈrɛ̃ʐɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skomlin, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Skomlin, 13 km (8 mi) west of Wieluń, and 99 km (62 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieluń County
Wieluń County (Polish: powiat wieluński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieluń, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 927.69 square kilometres (358.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,260, out of which the population of Wieluń is 24,347 and the rural population is 53,913.
Graham Burkett
Graham John Burkett (9 November 1936 – 29 July 2014) was an Australian politician who served as a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1983 to 1989, representing the seat of Scarborough.

Electoral district of Scarborough
Scarborough is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.

The district is a coastal electorate based in the northern suburbs of Perth and is named for the suburb of Scarborough. It also includes the suburbs of Doubleview, Innaloo, Osborne Park and parts of the suburbs of City Beach, Gwelup, Karrinyup and Trigg.

Politically, the district is a marginal one. Based on the results of the 2005 state election, the seat was created with a Liberal Party majority of 52.4% to 47.6% versus the Labor Party.
Rockhampton War Memorial
Rockhampton War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial in the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens at Penlington Street, The Range, Rockhampton, Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1924. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Rockhampton Region
The Rockhampton Region is a local government area (LGA) in Central Queensland, Australia, located on the Tropic of Capricorn about 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of Brisbane.  Rockhampton is the region's major city; the region also includes the Fitzroy River, Mount Archer National Park and Berserker Range.

In the 2021 census, the Rockhampton Region had a population of 81,968 people.
Rzhevskoye Microdistrict
Rzhevskoye (Russian: Ржевское) is a residential area in Moskovsky District of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. It was formerly known by its German language names Adlig Neuendorf or simply Neuendorf as first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located east of the city center and south of the Pregel.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Nanban (soundtrack)
Nanban is the soundtrack to the 2012 Tamil-language coming-of-age comedy-drama film of the same name directed by S. Shankar, starring Vijay, Jiiva, and Srikanth. Produced by Gemini Film Circuit, the film as an adaptation of Rajkumar Hirani's 3 Idiots (2009). The soundtrack to the film, features six tracks composed by Harris Jayaraj and lyrics written by Pa. Vijay, Viveka, Na. Muthukumar and Madhan Karky. The film's soundtrack was launched on 23 December 2011 through the company's subsidiary Gemini Audio. For the Telugu-dubbed version, Snehitudu, the album features six tracks written by Sirivennela Sitaramasastri, Vanamali, Ramajogayya Sastry. The soundtrack was also released on 19 January 2012.

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
Martin I (bishop of Oviedo)
Martin I (died 1 March 1101) was the fifteenth Bishop of Oviedo from 1094.

On 23 March 1097 Alfonso VI, probably at Sahagún, where he had spent Christmas, made a large donation to Bishop Martin which was confirmed by most of the major court figures. Martin remained with the court through Easter (5 April) and was present in León on 14 April when Alfonso made a donation to the Cathedral of León. Martin confirmed a document of the council of Palencia on 5 December 1100, the last reference to him in the documents. He was succeeded by Pelagius sometime between then and 1102. This Pelagius is called "bishop" in documents from as early as 1098 and some historians have concluded that he was Martin's auxiliary or coadjutor.

Palencia
Palencia (Spanish pronunciation: [paˈlenθja] ⓘ) is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Palencia. As of 2024, it has a population of 76,578.

Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in the northern half of the Inner Plateau, the city lies on the left bank of the Carrión river.

At the regional level, Palencia forms part of an economic axis together with the cities of Valladolid and Burgos.
Nanpa
Nanpa (ナンパ), also transliterated as nampa, in Japanese culture is a type of flirting and seduction popular among teenagers and people in their twenties and thirties.

When Japanese women pursue men in a fashion similar to nanpa, it is called gyakunan (逆ナン).

Culture of Japan
Japanese culture has changed greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other regions of the world.

Since the Jomon period, ancestral groups like the Yayoi and Kofun, who arrived to Japan from Korea and China, respectively, have shaped Japanese culture. Rice cultivation and centralized leadership were introduced by these groups, shaping Japanese culture. Chinese dynasties, particularly the Tang dynasty, have influenced Japanese culture throughout history and brought it into the Sinosphere. After 220 years of isolation, the Meiji era opened Japan to Western influences, enriching and diversifying Japanese culture. Popular culture shows how much contemporary Japanese culture influences the world.
Kim Sung-kil
Kim Sung-Kil (Korean: 김성길; born July 8, 1983) is a footballer who played in South Korea and Australia. Kim previously played for Japanese side Oita Trinita. He also played for Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i, Gwangju Sangmu Bulsajo and Gyeongnam FC in the K-League.

Gimcheon Sangmu FC
Gimcheon Sangmu Football Club (Korean: 김천 상무 프로축구단; Hanja: 金泉 尚武 프로蹴球團) is a South Korean professional football club based in Gimcheon that competes in the K League 1, the top tier of South Korean football. Sangmu is the sports division of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces.

Sangmu's playing staff is made up of young South Korean professional footballers serving their compulsory two-year military duty. Fifteen players join up at the start of every season and spend two years with the side before returning to their previous professional clubs. Due to its military affiliation, Sangmu are not allowed to sign any foreign players nor are they eligible for Asian competitions.

This article also includes the predecessor military-based teams – Sangmu FC, Gwangju Sangmu FC and Sangju Sangmu FC – which are still separate legal entities.