hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chapel of the Holy Rood, Bagworth
The Chapel of the Holy Rood was a Church of England chapel in Bagworth, Leicestershire. It closed in 2013 to worship and was demolished in 2019. Now, a war memorial garden occupies the site of the church with the graveyard and some remnants of the church still visible. The congregation and church now meets at the nearby Bagworth Community Centre.

Samuel Lewis (publisher)
Samuel Lewis (c. 1782 – 28 February 1865) was a British editor and publisher of topographical dictionaries and maps of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The aim of the texts was to give in "a condensed form" a faithful and impartial description of each place. The firm of Samuel Lewis and Co. was based in London.
Chakin
Chakin (Japanese: 茶巾 "tea towel") is a small rectangular cloth used to wipe teabowls called chawan. It is a part of Japanese tea utensils. It is also used in Senchadō.

White linen is often used, or hemp cloth. The high-quality bleached hemp cloth Narazarashi (奈良晒) from Nara Prefecture is historically especially esteemed. The size varies depending on the application and style, but it is often a rectangle of about 1 shaku (尺) x 5 sun (寸) (30.3 x 15.2cm). The edges lengthwise have a narrow rolled hem finished with overlock stitching. These two hems face opposite sides of the cloth.

The chakin is folded in a specific manner and placed, when not used, into a small vessel or cylinder that is called kintō (巾筒).

Hem
In sewing, a hem is a garment finishing method in which the edge of a piece of cloth is folded and sewn to prevent unravelling of the fabric and adjust the length of the piece in garments, such as at the end of the sleeve or the bottom of the garment.
Tyndrum Lower railway station
Tyndrum Lower railway station is one of two railway stations serving the small village of Tyndrum in Scotland, the other being Upper Tyndrum. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway. It is sited 34 miles 70 chains (56.1 km) from Callander via Glen Ogle, between Crianlarich and Dalmally. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.

West Highland Line
The West Highland Line (Scottish Gaelic: Rathad Iarainn nan Eilean – "Iron Road to the Isles") is a railway line linking the ports of Mallaig and Oban in the Scottish Highlands to Glasgow in Central Scotland. The line was voted the top rail journey in the world by readers of independent travel magazine Wanderlust in 2009, ahead of the notable Trans-Siberian line in Russia and the Cuzco to Machu Picchu line in Peru. The ScotRail website has since reported that the line has been voted the most scenic railway line in the world for the second year running.

The West Highland Line is one of two railway lines that access the remote and mountainous west coast of Scotland, the other being the Kyle of Lochalsh Line which connects Inverness with Kyle of Lochalsh. The line is the westernmost railway line in Great Britain.

At least in part, the West Highland Line is the same railway line as that referred to as the West Highland Railway.
Chimney Meadows
Chimney Meadows is a 49.6-hectare (123-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Abingdon-on-Thames and Faringdon in Oxfordshire. It is also a national nature reserve, and part of the 308-hectare (760-acre) Chimney Meadows nature reserve, which is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

This site, which consists of six botanically rich alluvial meadows, is bordered on the south by the River Thames. The meadows are intersected by ditches, most of which are covered in reed canary-grass. The most common grasses are crested dog's-tail, creeping bent, perennial rye-grass, hairy sedge and glaucous sedge.

Phalaris arundinacea
Phalaris arundinacea, or reed canary grass, is a tall, perennial grass that commonly forms extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas, with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia, northern Africa and North America. Other common names for the plant include gardener's-garters and ribbon grass in English, alpiste roseau in French, Rohrglanzgras in German, kusa-yoshi in Japanese, caniço-malhado in Portuguese, and hierba cinta and pasto cinto in Spanish.
2014 Mark-1 Plumbing truck incident
The 2014 Mark-1 Plumbing truck incident occurred in December 2014 when a viral photograph circulated online showing a black Ford F-250 pickup truck fitted with an anti-aircraft gun being used by militants fighting in the Syrian civil war, while still bearing the name and phone number of Mark-1 Plumbing, a small business located in Texas City, Texas, United States. The image prompted thousands of calls, media attention, and threats directed at the plumbing company, and later led owner Mark Oberholtzer and Mark-1 Plumbing, Inc. to sue a Houston car dealership in 2015; the case was settled in 2017.

The truck was reportedly used by members of the jihadist group Ansar al-Deen Front, and the first published photo showed a militant firing a Soviet-made anti-aircraft gun from the vehicle's bed near Aleppo.

Settlement (litigation)
In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. A collective settlement is a settlement of multiple similar legal cases. The term also has other meanings in the context of law. Structured settlements provide for future periodic payments, instead of a one-time cash payment.
Íngrid Drexel
Íngrid Drexel Clouthier (born 28 July 1993) is a Mexican road bicycle racer, who last rode for UCI Women's Team Tibco–Silicon Valley Bank.

Born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Drexel competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's road race, but finished outside the time limit. She is a representative of the Nuevo León cycling team.

Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's individual road race
The women's road race, one of the cycling events at the 2012 Olympic Games in London, took place on 29 July over a course starting and ending on The Mall and heading out of London into Surrey. Nicole Cooke of Great Britain was the defending champion.

In heavy rain, the race and gold medal was won by Marianne Vos of the Netherlands. Great Britain's Lizzie Armitstead was second, collecting silver, and Russia's rider Olga Zabelinskaya won the bronze in third place.
Bill Doolin
William Doolin (January 26, 1858 – August 24, 1896) was an American bandit and outlaw and a founder of the Wild Bunch, sometimes known as the Doolin–Dalton Gang. Like the earlier Dalton Gang, the group specialized in bank, train, and stagecoach robberies in Arkansas, Kansas, Indiana, and the Oklahoma Territory during the early to mid-1890s.

Bank robbery
Bank robbery is the criminal act of stealing from a bank, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a threat of violence. This refers to robbery of a bank branch or teller, as opposed to other bank-owned property, such as a train, armored car, or (historically) stagecoach. It is a federal crime in the United States.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery is "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence or by putting the victim in fear." By contrast, burglary is "unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft."
Palawan's 1st congressional district
Palawan's 1st congressional district is one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Palawan. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the northern portion of Palawan Island including the Calamianes, Cuyo and Kalayaan island chains. It consists of the municipalities of Agutaya, Araceli, Busuanga, Cagayancillo, Coron, Culion, Cuyo, Dumaran, El Nido, Kalayaan, Linapacan, Magsaysay, Roxas, San Vicente and Taytay. The district is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Rose Salvame of the People's Reform Party (PRP).

Magsaysay, Palawan
Magsaysay, officially the Municipality of Magsaysay (Cuyonon: Banwa 'ang Magsaysay; Tagalog: Bayan ng Magsaysay),  is a municipality in the province of Palawan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 13,273 people.
Luis Vázquez Martínez
Luis Vázquez Martínez is a Spanish applied mathematician. He is a professor of applied mathematics in the faculty of informatics of the Complutense University of Madrid.

Vázquez was born on January 26, 1949, in Narayola, a town in the municipality of Camponaraya.
He earned a licenciate in physical sciences from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1971, and a doctorate in physical sciences from the University of Zaragoza in 1975, under the supervision of Antonio Fernández-Rañada Menéndez de Luarca. After working as a Visiting Research Associate at Brown University, he returned to the Complutense University as an assistant professor in 1977.

In 1995 the Shanghai University of Science and Technology gave him an honorary doctorate. Since 2005 has been a national corresponding member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.

Informatics
Informatics is the study of computational systems. According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe, informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, in which the central notion is the transformation of information. In some cases, the term "informatics" may also be used with different meanings, e.g., in the context of social computing or library science.
1953 Barnsley by-election
The 1953 Barnsley by-election was a by-election held on 31 March 1953 for the British House of Commons constituency of Barnsley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

The seat had become vacant on the resignation of the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Sidney Schofield, who had represented the constituency since the 1951 general election.

The Labour candidate, Roy Mason, held the seat for his party with a reduced majority. He went on to hold a series of cabinet posts in the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s.

Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom. A committee of the Privy Council, it is chaired by the prime minister as the monarch's most senior adviser, and its members include secretaries of state and senior ministers of state. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the prime minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

The Ministerial Code says that the business of the Cabinet (and cabinet committees) is mainly questions of major issues of policy, questions of critical importance to the public and questions on which there is an unresolved argument between departments.

The work of the Cabinet is scrutinised by the Shadow Cabinet, made up of members of the Official Opposition.
Melkus PT 73 Spyder
The Melkus PT 73 Spyder was a prototype racing car built by Melkus in 1973. It consisted of a new, open chassis for the Melkus RS 1000. The Škoda Metalex inspired the design. It used an 1118 cc, three-cylinder, triple carburetor two-stroke Wartburg engine.

Engine configuration
The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized.

Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts.
Gerald Smith (Canadian politician)
Gerald Smith (born November 30, 1943) is a Canadian politician. He represented the riding of Port au Port in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1993 to 2003 as a member of the Liberal Party.

The son of John Thomas Smith, he was born in Lourdes and was educated there, at Memorial University and at the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. In 1968, he married Barbara Radford. Before entering politics, Smith was a teacher and elementary school principal. He also served as mayor of Lourdes.

He served as minister of human resources and employment and minister of health in the Executive Council of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the government of Roger Grimes. Smith was defeated by Jim Hodder when he ran for reelection in 2003.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
2017 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne – Doubles
Tristan Lamasine and Albano Olivetti were the defending champions but only Olivetti chose to defend his title, partnering Kevin Krawietz. Olivetti lost in the first round to Ken and Neal Skupski.

Mikhail Elgin and Igor Zelenay won the title after defeating Skupski and Skupski 2–6, 7–5, [10–5] in the final.

Albano Olivetti
Albano Olivetti (born 24 November 1991) is a French professional tennis player and a doubles specialist. He has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of No. 33 achieved on 16 February 2026 and a singles ranking of No. 161 achieved on 26 May 2014.

Although not officially recognised by the ATP, Olivetti did hit the second fastest serve on record at 160 mph or 257.5 km/h during the first round of the 2012 Internazionali Trofeo Lame Perrel–Faip.
Emmanuel Christian School (Toledo, Ohio)
Emmanuel Christian School is an evangelical Christian school in Toledo, Ohio, United States, for grades K–12.  The school was founded in 1967 under the name Emmanuel Baptist Christian School by Emmanuel Baptist Church. It was renamed Emmanuel Christian School in the spring of 2006. It is an accredited member of the Association of Christian Schools International.

The Emmanuel Warriors sport the colors of green and white and are members of the Toledo Area Athletic Conference. They are one of two schools in the league that do not have a football team (the other being Maumee Valley Country Day School).  Their sports program includes soccer, cross country, volleyball, golf, basketball, cheerleading, track and field, softball, baseball, and tennis.

Association of Christian Schools International
The Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI), founded in 1978, is an international organization of evangelical Christian schools. Its headquarters are in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It offers tiers of oversight, from school accreditation to teacher certificates. Schools and even homeschoolers can also join as members. It is regarded as the largest Protestant educational organization in the world, serving over 5.5 million students globally.
Conrad Eckhard
Conrad Eckhard (1 March 1822 – 28 April 1905) was a German physiologist born in Homberg (Efze), Electorate of Hesse.

He studied medicine in Berlin and Marburg, and from 1848 served as a prosector under Franz Ludwig Fick (1813–1858) and as an assistant to Carl Ludwig (1816–1895) in Marburg. In 1850 he moved to Giessen, where he worked as a prosector and assistant to Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm Bischoff (1807–1882). From 1855 to 1891 he was an associate professor of physiology and anatomy at the University of Giessen. From 1858 to 1888 he was editor of Beiträge zur Anatomie and Physiologie.

Eckhard is remembered for pioneer research of motor (myotomes) and sensory (dermatomes) projections of nerve roots. He also made contributions in his investigations towards olfaction in amphibians, and in his studies on the erector mechanism of the canine penis.

Somite
The somites (outdated term: primitive segments) are a set of bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form in the embryonic stage of somitogenesis, along the head-to-tail axis in segmented animals. In vertebrates, somites subdivide into the 
dermatomes, myotomes, 
sclerotomes and syndetomes that give rise to the vertebrae of the vertebral column, rib cage, part of the occipital bone, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and skin (of the back).

The word somite is sometimes also used in place of the word metamere. In this definition, the somite is a homologously-paired structure in an animal body plan, such as is visible in annelids and arthropods.
Bill Gardner (footballer)
William Gardner (7 June 1893 – 1973), also known as Wally Gardner, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward or a centre forward in the Football League for Derby County, Queens Park Rangers, Ashington, Grimsby Town, Darlington, Torquay United, York City, Crewe Alexandra and Rochdale and in non-League football for Bishop Auckland and Spennymoor United. He was capped by the England national amateur team, scoring two goals in five matches in 1920.

England national amateur football team
The England national amateur football team was the amateur representative team for England at football. It was formed in 1901,: 5–6  due to the growth of the professional game which meant that amateur players could no longer easily find places in the main England national team.

It was the most successful team in the British Amateur Championship, winning on 16 occasions (5 joint). The England amateur team was disbanded by The Football Association in 1974.
History of Williamsport, Pennsylvania
Williamsport, Pennsylvania was incorporated as a borough on March 1, 1806, and as a city on January 15, 1866. The city is the original home of Little League Baseball, founded in 1939 as a three-team league.

In the late 19th century, when Williamsport was known as "The Lumber Capital of the World" because of its thriving lumber industry, it also was the birthplace of the national newspaper Grit in 1882. Williamsport once had more millionaires per-capita than anywhere in the world. The area's local high school, the Williamsport Area High School, uses The Millionaires as its mascot.

Trinity Episcopal Church (Williamsport, Pennsylvania)
Trinity Episcopal Church is an historic church located in north-central Pennsylvania, at 844 West Fourth Street, Williamsport, Pennsylvania.  Built in 1875 and consecrated in February 1876, it is the largest of the Episcopal churches in the city. Preservation Williamsport includes the church on its first trolley tour stop.

The church structure was given to the parish by Peter Herdic.  Trinity Church is currently the Pro-Cathedral of the Diocese of Central Pennsylvania. The current rector of Trinity Parish and provost of the pro-cathedral is The Reverend Canon Kenneth E. Wagner-Pizza.
Elkan Blout
Elkan Rogers Blout (July 2, 1919 – December 20, 2006) was a biochemist at Polaroid Corporation, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Edward S. Harkness Professor of Biological Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University.

Blout received his BA in chemistry in 1939 from Princeton University, and his Ph.D. in 1942 from Columbia University.

Blout was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1969. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Science "for his pioneering studies of protein conformation and devotion to the scientific enterprise of the Nation".

Blout died in December 2006, in Boston.

Conformational change
In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors.

A macromolecule is usually flexible and dynamic. It can change its shape in response to changes in its environment or other factors; each possible shape is called a conformation, and a transition between them is called a conformational change. Factors that may induce such changes include temperature, pH, voltage, light in chromophores, ion concentration, phosphorylation, or the binding of a ligand.
Joan of Arc at the Stake
Joan of Arc at the Stake (Italian: Giovanna d'Arco al rogo) is a 1954 Italian film directed by Roberto Rossellini and starring his wife Ingrid Bergman, which is based on a live performance in December 1953 at the San Carlo Theatre in Naples of the oratorio Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher by Paul Claudel and Arthur Honegger. It was filmed using a color process called Gevacolor.

Bergman had previously portrayed Joan of Arc in a 1948 American film.

Teatro di San Carlo
The Real Teatro di San Carlo ("Royal Theatre of Saint Charles"), as originally named by the Bourbon monarchy but today known simply as the Teatro (di) San Carlo, is a historic opera house in Naples, Italy, connected to the Royal Palace and adjacent to the Piazza del Plebiscito. It is the oldest continuously active venue for opera in the world, having opened in 1737, decades before either Milan's La Scala or Venice's La Fenice.

The opera season runs from late November to July, with the ballet season from December to early June. The house once had a seating capacity of 3,285, but has now been reduced to 1,386 seats. Given its size, structure and antiquity, it was the model for theatres that were later built in Europe.
Jeruwa Khera railway station
Jeruwa Khera railway station is a railway station in located on Bina–Katni railway line operated by the West Central Railway under Jabalpur railway division. It is situated at Jaruakheda in Sagar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

Sagar district
23°48′N 78°40′E﻿ / ﻿23.800°N 78.667°E﻿ / 23.800; 78.667
Sagar district (Hindi pronunciation: [saːgəɾ]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Sagar serves as its administrative center. Sagar district is called the heart district of India. The Tropic of Cancer (23°3') passes through Rangir Tiraha on NH26 present NH44 in Sagar district.

The district has an area of 10,252 km², and a population of 2,378,458 (2011 census), an increase of 45% or by 732,260 inhabitants from its 1991 population of 1,646,198. Sagar district is dominated by Sonis, Jains and Yadavs.

As of 2011, it is the third most populous district of Madhya Pradesh, after Indore and Jabalpur.

Sagar is the largest city of the Sagar district. Bina Sagar is the second largest city and important industrial city of the district. Bina has Bina Thermal Power Plant, Bina Refinery, Railway MEMU shed and a major railway junction of Madhya Pradesh state.
Nneka Onyejekwe
Nneka Obiamaka Onyejekwe Listenⓘ (born 18 August 1989 in Hațeg) is a Romanian professional volleyball player who played as a middle blocker for CS Volei Alba-Blaj and now plays for Dinamo Bucharest and the Romania national team.

She was born in Hațeg to a Romanian mother and Nigerian father, both intellectuals, and was raised in Cluj-Napoca. One of her brothers, Chike, plays handball professionally.

Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of values.