hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jackson Township, Pennsylvania
Jackson Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:

Jackson Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, York County, Pennsylvania

Jackson Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
Jackson Township is a township in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population at the time of the 2010 Census was 875, which documented a decline in population from the figure of 928 that was tabulated in 2000.
Mycobacteriophage
A mycobacteriophage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have mycobacteria as host bacterial species.  While originally isolated from the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, more than 4,200 mycobacteriophage species have since been isolated from various environmental and clinical sources. 2,042 have been completely sequenced. Mycobacteriophages have served as examples of viral lysogeny and of the divergent morphology and genetic arrangement characteristic of many phage types.

All mycobacteriophages found thus far have had double-stranded DNA genomes and have been classified by their structure and appearance into siphoviridae or myoviridae.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Lachheb
Lachheb is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adli Lachheb (born 1987), Tunisian footballer

Khalid Lachheb (born 1975), French pole vaulter

Tahar Lachheb, Tunisian paralympic athlete

Tahar Lachheb
Tahar Lachheb is a paralympic athlete from Tunisia competing mainly in category F58 discus events.

Tahar won the bronze medal in the F58 discus at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He returned four years later to the 2004 Summer Paralympics but failed to match this achievement in either the discus or the pentathlon.
Great Float
The Great Float is a body of water on the Wirral Peninsula, England, formed from the natural tidal inlet, the Wallasey Pool. It is split into two large docks, East Float and West Float, both part of the Birkenhead Docks complex. The docks run approximately 2 miles (3 km) inland from the River Mersey, dividing the towns of Birkenhead and Wallasey. The Great Float consists of 110 acres (45 ha) of water and more than 4 miles (6 km) of quays.

Wharf
A wharf (pl. wharves or wharfs), quay (/kiː/ kee, also /keɪ, kweɪ/ k(w)ay), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are often considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. A marginal wharf is connected to the shore along its full length.
Klimov VK-1
The Klimov VK-1 was the first Soviet jet engine to see significant production. It was developed by Vladimir Yakovlevich Klimov and first produced by the GAZ 116 works. Derived from the Rolls-Royce Nene, the engine was also built under licence in China as the Wopen WP-5.

Turbine
A turbine (/ˈtɜːrbaɪn/ or /ˈtɜːrbɪn/) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.

Gas, steam, and water turbines have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the working fluid. Modern steam turbines frequently employ both reaction and impulse in the same unit, typically varying the degree of reaction and impulse from the blade root to its periphery.
Síguelo
"Síguelo" (English: continue it (as in 'keep on going')) is a single by Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel from the re-edition album Los Extraterrestres: Otra Dimensión, released on July 25, 2008 by Machete Music. The official remix features former WY Records singer Jayko.

Reggaeton
Reggaeton (UK: /ˈrɛɡeɪtoʊn, ˌrɛɡeɪˈtɒn/, US: /ˌrɛɡeɪˈtoʊn, ˌreɪɡ-/) is a style of popular and electronic music that originated in Panama during the late 1980s. It has been popularized and dominated by artists from Puerto Rico since the early 1990s.

It has evolved from dancehall, with elements of hip hop, Latin American, and Caribbean music. Vocals include toasting/rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. Reggaeton is regarded as one of the most popular music genres in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean. By the 2010s, the genre had seen increased popularity across Latin America, as well as acceptance within mainstream Western music.
Grenville ministry
The Grenville ministry was a British Government headed by George Grenville which served between 16 April 1763 and 13 July 1765. It was formed after the previous Prime Minister, the Earl of Bute, had resigned following fierce criticism of his signing of the Treaty of Paris with its perceived lenient terms for France and Spain despite Britain's successes in the Seven Years War. Grenville's government was made up largely of the same members as Bute's had. George III had a strong dislike of the new government because of the way they had replaced his favourite Bute.

During its two years, the ministry confronted growing discontent in Britain's American colonies which were to lead to the American War of Independence breaking out in 1775. The ministry also had to deal with the actions of John Wilkes.

The King's violent dislike of Grenville eventually forced him to dismiss him as first minister. He replaced Grenville with the Marquess of Rockingham, whom he hated almost equally.

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (/bjuːt/; 25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart between 1713 and 1723, was a British Tory statesman who served as the Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763 under George III. He became the first Tory to hold the position and was arguably the last important royal favourite in British politics. He was the first prime minister from Scotland following the Acts of Union in 1707. He was also elected as the first president of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland when it was founded in 1780.
2008 Kansas State Wildcats football team
The 2008 Kansas State Wildcats football team (variously "K-State" or "KSU") represented Kansas State University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  The Wildcats played their home games in Bill Snyder Family Stadium.  The head coach was Ron Prince, who was in his third and final season at the helm of the Wildcats.  The 2008 signing class was one that saw 26 signees, including 19 junior college transfers.

The schedule kicked off with four non-conference games, including a first ever trip to Louisville, Kentucky to face the Louisville Cardinals.  After the non-conference schedule, K-State headed into Big 12 Conference play with Texas Tech, and ended the season with Iowa State.

2008 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team
The 2008 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as a member of the Big 12 Conference during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Mike Leach, the Red Raiders compiled an overall record of 11–2 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, finishing in a three-way tie with Oklahoma and Texas atop the Big 12 South Division standing. To break the tie, the Bowl Championship Series BCS rankings were used to determine who would face Missouri in Big 12 Championship Game. Oklahoma, ranked No. 2 in the BCS poll, was chosen to represent the South Division in the game. Texas Tech was invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic, where they lost to Ole Miss.
The Red Raiders played home games at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.

In a 2013 poll, the 2008 team was voted as the second best team in Texas Tech football history, losing to the 1973 team by a margin of 53.2% to 46.8%.
Roger Palmer (footballer)
Roger Palmer (born 30 January 1959) is an English former footballer. He played for Manchester City and Oldham Athletic. He is the all-time leading goal-scorer at Oldham.

In January 2008, the BBC Sport website put out an appeal for information on Palmer's whereabouts, ahead of the Oldham v Everton FA Cup Third Round tie. The teams last played in a cup tie in 1990, with Palmer the only player whose whereabouts were unknown.

BBC Sport
BBC Sport is the sports division of the BBC, providing national sports coverage for BBC television, radio and online. The BBC holds the television and radio UK broadcasting rights to several sports, broadcasting the sport live or alongside flagship analysis programmes such as Match of the Day, Test Match Special, Ski Sunday and Today at Wimbledon. Results, analysis and coverage is also added to the BBC Sport website and through the BBC Red Button interactive television service.
Hobbs Kessler
Hobbs Kessler (born March 15, 2003) is an American middle-distance runner who is the world record holder in the short track 2000 meters, with a time of 4:48.79 set in 2026. He competes professionally for Adidas, having turned professional directly after high school. Kessler holds the North American U20 record in the 1500 meters, having run 3:34.36 in 2021 during his senior year in high school. He briefly held the world record in the road mile set while winning the 2023 World  Road Running Championships until it was broken by Emmanuel Wanyonyi on April 27, 2024.

At the 2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships, he secured a bronze medal in the 1500 m. In June 2024, he made the United States Olympic Team by finishing third in the 1500m and second in the 800m at the 2024 United States Olympic Trials. He is the first American male athlete to qualify for the Olympic 1500m and 800m double since 1976. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, he finished fifth in the 1500 meter final.

Nick Willis
Nicholas Ian Willis MNZM (born 25 April 1983) is a New Zealand middle-distance runner and the country's only two-time Olympic medalist in the 1500 metres. He won the silver medal at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, and bronze at the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro. His other achievements over the same distance include the national and Oceania record (3:29.66), and medals from three consecutive Commonwealth Games (gold in 2006, bronze in 2010 and 2014).
Haut-du-Them-Château-Lambert
Haut-du-Them-Château-Lambert (French pronunciation: [o dy tɛm ʃato lɑ̃bɛʁ]) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It was created in 1973 by the merger of two former communes: Haut-du-Them and Château-Lambert.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
Jena (surname)
Jena (Odia: ଜେନା/ଯେନା) is an Odia surname. People surnamed Jenā mostly belong to the Chasa, Khandayat, Shudra Mahalayak and Pano castes and also the Karan community.

People with the surname include:

Bijaya Jena, Indian actress, film director and producer

Bhanu Pratap Jena (born 1955), American cell biologist

Kishore Jena (born 1995), Indian track and field athlete

Mohan Jena (born 1957), Indian politician

Srikant Kumar Jena (born 1950), Indian politician

Surendra Nath Jena, Indian Odissi dancer

Shubham Jena, Indian Entrepreneur and Strategic Consultant

Bhanu Pratap Jena
Bhanu Pratap Jena (born November 1, 1955) is an Indian-American cell biologist and the George E. Palade University Professor and Distinguished Professor of Physiology at the Wayne State University School of Medicine, who discovered porosome in the mid-1990s and demonstrated it to be the universal secretory machinery in plasma membrane.
Nina Šenk
Nina Šenk (born 14 February 1982) is a classical Slovenian composer. In 2004, while still studying at the University of Ljubljana, she won first prize at the Young Euro Classic Festival in Berlin for her Violin Concerto No. 1. Her works have been performed at many music festivals and with various orchestras and ensembles around the world.

University of Ljubljana
The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani, pronounced [uniʋɛ́ːɾza w ljubljàːni], Latin: Universitas Labacensis), abbreviated UL, is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 38,000 enrolled students. The university has 23 faculties and three art academies with approximately 4,000 teaching and research staff, assisted by approximately 2,000 technical and administrative staff. The University of Ljubljana offers programs in the humanities, sciences, and technology, as well as in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science.

The university was founded in the centre of Ljubljana, where the central university building and the majority of its faculties are located. Since then, newer buildings have been constructed in the suburbs of the city.
Il nostro concerto
"Il nostro concerto" is a 1960 Italian song composed by Umberto Bindi (music) and Giorgio Calabrese (lyrics). The song premiered at the Italian Music Festival in New York, in which was performed by Miranda Martino and placed third. It eventually was Bindi's major hit, whose version topped the Italian hit parade for several months.

The symphonic structure of the song was inspired by Richard Addinsell's "Warsaw Concerto".

"Il nostro concerto" was covered by numerous artists, including  Claudio Baglioni, Claudio Villa, Sergio Franchi, Renato Zero, Giuseppe Di Stefano, Peppino di Capri, José Carreras, Massimo Ranieri, Demis Roussos, Les Compagnons de la chanson, Steve Lawrence, Gino Latilla,  Bob Azzam, Franck Pourcel, Pino Calvi, Jimmy Fontana, Fausto Papetti, Franco Simone, Luciano Tajoli, Christian, Paola Musiani.

Pino Calvi
Pino Calvi (12 January 1930 – 4 January 1989) was an Italian pianist, arranger, conductor and soundtrack composer for TV series and films, which included Tunis Top Secret (1959), Crimen (1960) and The Revengers (1972).

His song "Accarezzame" was performed by famous Italian artists such as, among others, Roberto Murolo, Ornella Vanoni, Peppino Di Capri, Achille Togliani, Teddy Reno, Fred Bongusto, Gigliola Cinquetti, Paolo Fresu.

He became popular in the 1970s for his participation in some RAI TV programs, such as Senza Rete in Naples, when he was a polite Maestro.

Calvi died in Palazzina di Castana, Pavia in 1989.
The Brecon County Times
The Brecon County Times (established by William Clark) was a weekly English-language newspaper, with a Conservative bias, published in Wales. It was distributed around Breconshire, Monmouthshire, Radnorshire, Glamorgan and Herefordshire. It was the oldest newspaper printed in the Breconshire. It contained local and general news from around the county. Associated publication: Brecon and Radnor County Times.

Brecknockshire
Brecknockshire (Welsh: Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was created in 1536 under the Laws in Wales Act 1535, and from 1889 it was an administrative county with a county council; the administrative county was abolished in 1974. The county was named after the medieval Welsh territory of Brycheiniog, which was anglicised to Brecknock and also gave its name to the county town of Brecon. The former county's area is mountainous and primarily rural.
Karl von Gareis
Karl Heinrich Franz von Gareis (24 April 1844 in Bamberg – 15 January 1923 in Munich) was a German legal scholar and Old Catholic writer.

He studied law at the universities of Munich, Heidelberg and Würzburg, obtaining his habilitation for private law at Würzburg in 1870. In 1873 he became a law professor at the University of Bern, specializing in private law. Later on, he served as professor at the universities of Giessen (from 1875), Königsberg (from 1888) and Munich (from 1902). From 1878 to 1881 he was a member of the National Liberal Party in the German Reichstag.

Since 2009 the "Carl-Gareis-Preis" is awarded by the University of Bayreuth Faculty of Law and Economics for outstanding dissertations in the field of legal history or intellectual property.

National Liberal Party (Germany)
The National Liberal Party (German: Nationalliberale Partei, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.

During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag. While supporting the common ideals of liberalism and nationalism, the party contained two wings, which reflected the conflicting claims of its Hegelian and idealistic heritage: one emphasized the power of the state through the Nationalstaat, and the other emphasized the civil liberties of the Rechtsstaat. Although that cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.
1918 Sewanee Tigers football team
The 1918 Sewanee Tigers football team represented Sewanee: The University of the South during the 1918 college football season as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA). The Tigers were led by head coach Charles Best in his second season and finished with a record of three wins and two losses (3–2 overall, 0–1 in the SIAA). Zach Curlin played for Fort Oglethorpe.

1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season
The 1918 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season  was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as part of the 1918 college football season. The season began on September 28.

Georgia Tech was conference champion. Center Bum Day was the first Southern player ever selected to Walter Camp's All-America first-team.
WDGY
WDGY (740 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Hudson, Wisconsin, and serving the Minneapolis-St. Paul radio market.  It is owned by WRPX, inc. and airs a Classic Hits/Oldies radio format.  The station's studios and offices are in Lake Elmo, Minnesota, while its transmitter is off Commerce Drive near Interstate 94 in Hudson. This station is unrelated to the original WDGY, which was a popular Top-40 station in the area during the mid-late 1950s, '60s and '70s.

Because AM 740 is a Canadian clear channel frequency, WDGY is a daytime-only station.  It must sign-off at sunset to prevent interfering with Class A CFZM in Toronto.  WDGY can be heard around the clock on two FM translator stations:  92.1 W221BS from St. Paul and 103.7 W279DD (250 watts) from Hudson.  The station can also be heard on 107.1 KTMY's HD2 channel in the Twin Cities.

Pre-sunrise and post-sunset authorization
In USA AM broadcasting, presunrise authorization (PSRA) and postsunset authorization (PSSA) are permission from the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in AM on mediumwave using a power level higher than what would normally be permitted prior to sunrise/after sunset, or in the latter case, provide Class D stations with service into the evening where they would otherwise be required to sign off.  Sunrise and sunset times are provided on the licensee's basic instrument of authorization.

The power level for both PSRA and PSSA service cannot exceed 500 watts.  Power calculations are based on co-channel stations.
Tomáš Goder
Tomáš Goder (born 4 September 1974) is a Czech former ski jumper who competed from 1991 to 1998. His career best achievement was winning a bronze medal in the team large hill competition at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, while his best individual success was bronze in the individual normal hill competition at the 1991 World Junior Championships.

Tremplin du Praz
The Tremplin du Praz is a ski jumping hill at Le Praz in Courchevel, France. The complex consists of four hills: a large hill with construction point of K125 (HS132), a normal hill at K90 (HS96), and two training hills at K60 and K25. The complex also has a cross-country skiing stadium used for Nordic combined. Jörg Ritzerfeld holds the large hill winter record of 134.0 metres and Nicolas Mayer the normal hill record of 100.5 metres.

Le Praz received its first ski jumping hill in 1944. Ahead of the 1992 Winter Olympics, the large and normal hills were built along with a cross-country stadium to host ski jumping and Nordic combined events. Since 1997, the hill has hosted an annual summer FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix event. It has also been used for one FIS Ski Jumping World Cup and two FIS Nordic Combined World Cup rounds, in addition to four events of the FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup. The medium hill opened in 2004 and the small hill in 2008.
Jonathan Reed Winkler
Jonathan Reed Winkler (born 1975) is a historian and a professor of history at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio.  He teaches and researches on U.S. foreign relations, U.S. military and naval history, international history, security studies and strategic thought.  He is the author of Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I (Harvard University Press, 2008), winner of several prizes including the Birdsall Prize of the American Historical Association. His articles, commentaries and reviews have appeared in Diplomatic History, The Journal of Military History, the Naval War College Review, and other venues.

Diplomatic History (journal)
Diplomatic History is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the foreign relations history of the United States. It is the official journal of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations and is published by Oxford University Press. The journal was established in 1977, and publishes five issues a year.

The current editors-in-chief are Anne L. Foster, Indiana State University, and Petra Goedde, Temple University. Alan McPherson serves as the associate editor.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 0.529.