hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Semantic file system
Semantic file systems are file systems used for information persistence which structure the data according to their semantics and intent, rather than their location, as with hierarchical file systems. It allows the data to be addressed by their content (associative access). Traditional hierarchical file-systems tend to impose a burden, for example when a sub-directory layout is contradicting a user's perception of where files would be stored. Having a tag-based interface alleviates this hierarchy problem and enables users to query for data in an intuitive fashion.

Semantic file systems raise technical design challenges as indexes of words, tags or elementary signs of some sort have to be created and constantly updated, maintained and cached for performance to offer the desired random, multi-variate access to files in addition to the underlying, mostly traditional block-based filesystem.

A semantic file system can be envisioned as a part of a semantic desktop.

Hierarchical file system
In computing, a hierarchical file system is a file system that uses directories to organize files into a tree structure.

In a hierarchical file system, directories contain information about both files and other directories, called subdirectories which, in turn, can point to other subdirectories, and so on. This is organized as a tree structure, or hierarchy, generally portrayed with the root at the top. The root directory is the base of the hierarchy, and is usually stored at some fixed location on disk.

A hierarchical file system contrasts with a flat file system, where information about all files is stored in a single directory, and there are no subdirectories.

Almost all file systems today are hierarchical. What is referred to as a file system is a specific instance of a hierarchical system. For example, NTFS, HPFS, and ext4, all implement a hierarchical system with different features for buffering, file allocation, and file recovery.
Anton Polenec
Anton Polenec (7 October 1910 – 30 October 2000) was a Slovene zoologist and specialist arachnologist.

Polenec was born in Puštal near Škofja Loka in 1910. He studied at the University of Ljubljana and later taught zoology and was head of the Natural History Museum of Slovenia from 1955 to 1980. He studied and described over 500 species of spiders including a new genus Centrophantes. The spider genus Polenecia is named after Polenec.

Apart from scientific contributions he also wrote numerous popular science books for young readers and won the Levstik Award twice, in 1950 for his book Iz življenja žuželk (The Lives of Insects) and in 1952 for Iz življenja pajkov (The Life of Spiders).

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
The Wedding (1982 film)
The Wedding (Spanish: La Boda) is a 1982 Venezuelan film directed by Thaelman Urguelles and co-produced by Universidad de los Andes. It is about the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1948–1958). Public review about La Boda Urgelles handles with skill a complex movie that moves from present to past fluently. Several plots crosses in a wedding party, portraying not only Venezuela's transition from dictatorship to democracy in 1958, but the old and new typologies that characterized its people.

University of the Andes (Venezuela)
The University of the Andes (Spanish: Universidad de Los Andes, ULA) is the second-oldest university in Venezuela, whose main campus is located in the city of Mérida, Venezuela. ULA is the largest public university in the Venezuelan Andes, having one of the largest student bodies in the country.
Amsterdam-Centrum
Amsterdam-Centrum is the inner-most borough and historical city centre of Amsterdam, Netherlands, containing the majority of the city's landmarks. Established in 2002, Amsterdam-Centrum was the last area in the city to be granted the status of self-governing borough. The borough is 8.04 km2 and covers the UNESCO-listed Amsterdam canal belt. In 2013, the borough had approximately 85,000 inhabitants, who on average had the second-highest income per household in the city (after Amsterdam-Zuid) and one of the highest in the country.

Canals of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, capital of the Netherlands, has more than 100 kilometers (62 mi) of grachten (canals), about 90 islands and 1,500 bridges. The three main canals (Herengracht, Prinsengracht and Keizersgracht), dug in the 17th century during the Dutch Golden Age, form concentric belts around the city, known as the Grachtengordel. Alongside the main canals are 1,550 monumental buildings. The 17th-century canal ring area, including the Prinsengracht, Keizersgracht, Herengracht and Jordaan, were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010, contributing to Amsterdam's fame as the "Venice of the North".
Brown bread
Brown bread, in contrast to  white bread, is bread made with significant amounts of whole grain flours, usually wheat sometimes with corn and or rye flours. In some countries brown breads often get their characteristic dark color from ingredients such as molasses or coffee. In Canada, the UK, Ireland and South Africa, it is a blend of white flour and whole wheat flour. Wholemeal bread within the UK must be made solely from whole wheat flour. In New England and the Maritimes, brown bread is bread sweetened with molasses.

Whole grain
A whole grain is a grain of any cereal and pseudocereal that contains the endosperm, germ, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm.

As part of a general healthy diet, consumption of whole grains is associated with lower risk of several diseases. Whole grains are a source of carbohydrates, multiple nutrients and dietary fiber.
Dermot Devery
Dermot Devery is an Irish former hurler who played as a right wing-forward for the Offaly senior team.

Born in Banagher, County Offaly, Devery first played competitive hurling in his youth. He made his senior debut with Offaly during the 1979-80 National League. During his brief career he experienced little success.

At club level Devery is a one-time Leinster medallist with St Rynagh's. He also won numerous championship medals with the club.

St Rynagh's GAA
St Rynagh's (Irish: Naomh Raghnach) is the name of two Gaelic Athletic Association sister clubs that encompass the towns of Cloghan and Banagher in County Offaly, in Ireland. The St Rynagh's Football Club is based in Cloghan and wear green and white hooped jerseys; the St Rynagh's Hurling Club is based in Banagher and wear blue and gold jerseys.
St Mary's Church, Menai Bridge
St Mary's Church is a Grade II listed church in Menai Bridge, Anglesey serving the parish of Bro Tysilio, in the Diocese of St Davids of the Church in Wales.

The church was designed by Henry Kennedy in the Decorated Style to replace the old church at Llandysilio. Build of random rubble with sandstone dressings, it was completed in 1858. Stained glass windows were added by Mayer in 1869 and Shrigley and Hunt in 1876. The sanctuary is raised with a granite reredos of three bays across the east wall, added in 1885.  The granite font of the church, dated to 1900, is octagonal in shape, and features floriate carving work.

Reredos
A reredos (/ˈrɪərˌdɒs, ˈrɪərɪ-, ˈrɛrɪ-/ REER-dos, REER-ih-, RERR-ih-) is a large altarpiece, a screen, or decoration placed behind the altar in a church. It often includes religious images.

The term reredos may also be used for similar structures, if elaborate, in secular architecture, for example very grand carved chimneypieces. It also refers to a simple, low stone wall placed behind a hearth.
Samuel Landauer
Samuel Landauer (22 February 1846 at Hürben, Bavaria – 1937 in Augsburg) was a German Jewish orientalist and librarian.

He received his education at the Yeshiva of Eisenstadt (Hungary), the gymnasium of Mainz, and the universities of Leipzig, Strasbourg, and Munich (Ph.D. 1872). In 1875, he became privatdozent of Semitic languages at the University of Strasbourg, and was appointed librarian there in 1884. In 1894, he received the title of Professor.

Landauer published:

Psychologie des Ibn Sinâ, 1872

Sa'adja's Kitâb al-Amânât, Leyden, 1880

Katalog der Kaiserlichen Universität- und Landesbibliothek Strasburg, Orientalische Handschriften, 1881

Firdusi Schahname, Leyden, 1884

Die Handschriften der Grossherzoglich Badischen Hof- und Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe, Orientalische Handschriften, 1892

Die Masorah zum Onkelos, Amsterdam, 1896

Themistius 'De cælo'  (for the Aristoteles Commission of the Berlin Academy), Berlin, 1902.

Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈaɪzn̩ʃtat] ⓘ; Austro-Bavarian: Eisnstod; Hungarian: Kismarton; Croatian: Željezni grad or Željezno; Slovene: Železno) is the capital city of the Austrian state of Burgenland. With a population of 15,074 (as of 2023), it is the smallest state capital and the 38th-largest city in Austria overall. It lies at the foot of the Leitha Mountains hill range.

From 1648 to 1921, Kismarton/Eisenstadt was part of the Habsburg Empire's Kingdom of Hungary and the seat of the Hungarian noble family Eszterházy. During this time, the composer Joseph Haydn lived and worked in Eisenstadt as a court musician under the patronage of the Esterházy family. After the cession of Burgenland to Austria in 1921, the city became the province's capital in 1925. As the state capital of Burgenland, it functions as a center of public administration and services and is the seat of three institutes of higher education.
Canadian Studies in Population
Canadian Studies in Population is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing original research in areas of demography, population studies, demographic analysis, and the demographics of Canada and other populations. The journal was established in 1974 and was published as an open-access journal by the Population Laboratory Department of Sociology at the University of Alberta until 2018, when it was taken over by Springer Nature.

Articles are published in English, with abstracts in French and English.  Canadian Studies in Population is indexed in Web of Science, Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Sociological Abstracts.

Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (later simply CSA) was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland, before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 2007.  CSA hosted databases of abstracts and developed taxonomic indexing of scholarly articles.  These databases were hosted on the CSA Illumina platform and were available alongside add-on products like CSA Illustrata (deep-indexing of tables and figures). The company produced numerous bibliographic databases in different fields of the arts and humanities, natural and social sciences, and technology.
Thus, coverage included materials science, environmental sciences and pollution management, biological sciences, aquatic sciences and fisheries, biotechnology, engineering, computer science, sociology, linguistics, and other areas.
Silpium Mons
Silpium Mons is a mountain on Jupiter's moon Io. It is 5.6 kilometers in height, 113 kilometers in length, and 79.7 kilometers in width. It covers an area of 7073 km2. It is a striated ridge, meaning it is an elevated structure dominated by one or more prominent linear or arcuate rises. It is named after a location in Greece where the mythological Io died of grief. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. It is located at 52°43′S 272°20′W﻿ / ﻿52.71°S 272.34°W﻿ / -52.71; -272.34﻿ (Silpium Mons), south of Svarog Patera, north of Mithra Patera, and northeast of Viracocha Patera. Its proximity to Svarog and Viracocha Paterae has been suggested to be evidence for a structural relationship between mountains and calderas on Io.

Mithra Patera
Mithra Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is about 34 kilometers in diameter and is located at 59°02′S 266°29′W﻿ / ﻿59.04°S 266.48°W﻿ / -59.04; -266.48﻿ (Mithra Patera). It is named after the Persian god of light, Mithra. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1985. To the north is Silpian Mons, and to the east is Pyerun Patera. Located southwest is Viracocha Patera.
James McGee (Irish politician)
James Thomas McGee (23 September 1885 – 19 January 1956) was an Irish farmer, cattle dealer and politician.

The owner of a 750 acres (300 hectares) farm at Kellystown near Ardee, County Louth, he was chairman of the Irish Cattle Traders and Stockowners Association. He was involved in local politics. He was a member of Louth County Council for forty years, of which he was chairman from 1925 to 1955. He was also chairman of Ardee Town Commissioners.

He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1938 to 1956. He was first elected to the 3rd Seanad in 1938 by the Administrative Panel. He was re-elected at the 1943, 1944, 1948, 1951 and 1954 Seanad elections. He died in office in 1956, and William Woods was elected to fill the vacancy.

County Louth
County Louth (/laʊð/ LOWDH; Irish: Contae Lú) is a coastal county in the Eastern and Midland Region of Ireland, within the province of Leinster. Louth is bordered by the counties of Meath to the south, Monaghan to the west, Armagh to the north and Down to the north-east, across Carlingford Lough. It is the smallest county in Ireland by land area and the 17th most populous, with just over 139,100 residents as of 2022. The county is named after the village of Louth. Louth County Council is the local authority for the county.
Electoral district of Pastoral Districts of Liverpool Plains and Gwydir
The Electoral district of Pastoral Districts of Liverpool Plains and Gwydir was an electorate of the New South Wales Legislative Council at a time when some of its members were elected and the balance were appointed by the Governor. It was a new electorate created in 1851 by the expansion of the Legislative Council to 54, 18 to be appointed and 36 elected. The district was named after the Liverpool Plains and Gwydir River and covered what is now known as the North West Slopes region. On its eastern side was the Pastoral Districts of New England and Macleay and to the south was the Pastoral Districts of Wellington and Bligh. Polling was to occur in the towns of Murrurundi, Tamworth, Wee Waa, Warialda and the Woolshed on the Namoi River.

In 1856 the unicameral Legislative Council was abolished and replaced with an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council. The district was represented by the Legislative Assembly electorate of Liverpool Plains and Gwydir.

Electoral district of Liverpool Plains and Gwydir
Liverpool Plains and Gwydir was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, created in 1856 and covering what is now known as the North West Slopes region, including the Liverpool Plains (which includes Quirindi and Gunnedah) and the extensive pastoral district around the Gwydir River in the northwest of the state. It elected two members simultaneously.

In 1859, Liverpool Plains and Gwydir was divided into Liverpool Plains and Gwydir.
Guido Tendas
Guido Tendas (born 17 July 1950 in Solarussa) is an Italian politician.

He is a member of the Democratic Party.

He was elected Mayor of Oristano on 25 June 2012 and took office on 26 June. In 2017 he refused to run for a second term.

Solarussa
Solarussa is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 115 kilometres (71 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,496 and an area of 31.9 square kilometres (12.3 sq mi).

Solarussa borders the following municipalities: Bauladu, Oristano, Paulilatino, Siamaggiore, Simaxis, Tramatza, Zerfaliu.
1892 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Blanche Hillyard defeated Maud Shackle 6–1, 6–4 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Lottie Dod defeated Bingley Hillyard 6-1, 6-1 in the challenge round to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1892 Wimbledon Championships.

Maud Shackle
Edith Maud Shackle (4 August 1870–16 February 1962) was an English tennis player active during the last decade and a half of the 19th century. She was a two time All-Comers finalist in singles at the Wimbledon Championships in 1892 and 1893. She was active from 1886 to 1895 and won 16 singles titles.
Melkridge
Melkridge is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England, on the river South Tyne. The village of Melkridge is in the south of the parish, and is about two miles (3 km) east of Haltwhistle along the A69 road. At the 2001 the civil parish had a population of 212, increasing slightly to 216 at the 2011 Census.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.
Subhash Phal Desai
Subhash Uttam Phal Desai (born 20 August 1966) is an Indian politician who serves  as a Minister of Social Welfare, River Navigation, Archives and Archeology in the Government of Goa. He was also a former Deputy Speaker of Goa Legislative Assembly and member of Goa Legislative assembly from Sanguem. He also served as a Vice-Chairman of Entertainment Society of Goa (ESG), who also jointly conduct International Film Festival of India (IFFI) with Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. He is the member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting is a ministerial level agency of the Government of India responsible for the formulation and administration of rules, regulations and laws in the areas of information, broadcasting, the press, and the cinema of India.

The Ministry is responsible for the administration of the Press Information Bureau and Prasar Bharati, the broadcasting arm of the Indian Government. The Central Board of Film Certification is the other important statutory body subordinate to this ministry, responsible for the regulation and certification of motion pictures broadcast in India.
Rudbeckia occidentalis
Rudbeckia occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name western coneflower. It is native to the northwestern United States from Washington to northern California and east to Wyoming and Montana, where it grows in moist habitat types, such as meadows. It is an erect perennial herb growing from a thick rhizome, its mostly unbranched stem approaching two meters in maximum height. The large leaves are generally oval but pointed, and lightly to deeply toothed along the edges, growing to 30 centimeters long. The inflorescence is one or more flower heads with purplish bases up to 6 centimeters wide. There are no ray florets, just an array of reflexed phyllaries around the purple-brown center packed with disc florets. This center, containing the receptacles, lengthens to several centimeters in length as the fruits develop. The fruits are achenes each a few millimeters long, some tipped with pappi of tiny scales.

Achene
An achene (/əˈkiːn/; from Ancient Greek  ἀ (a) 'privative' and  χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it.  In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.
Fogelman
Fogelman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Avron Fogelman (born 1940), American businessman

Dan Fogelman (born 1976), American screenwriter and producer

Eva Fogelman, American psychologist

Ignac Fogelman (1940–2016), British researcher

John Fogelman (born 1965), American entrepreneur

Marj Fogelman (born 1972), American politician

Peggy Fogelman, American museum director

John Fogelman
John Michael Fogelman (born c. 1965) is an American entrepreneur.  He is the CEO of FactoryMade Ventures, an entertainment and media incubator.   Formerly Executive Vice President and Head of the Motion Picture Department and the Intellectual Property Group at the William Morris Agency (WMA), Fogelman was a principal architect of the merger between William Morris and Endeavor Talent Agency, and served as a founding board member and an agent after the companies merged in 2009. He left William Morris Endeavor in 2011 to found FactoryMade.
Cuteness
Cuteness is a type of attractiveness commonly associated with youth and appearance, as well as a scientific concept and analytical model in ethology, first introduced by Austrian ethologist Konrad Lorenz. Lorenz proposed the concept of baby schema (Kindchenschema), a set of facial and body features that make a creature appear "cute" and activate ("release") in others the motivation to care for it. Cuteness may be ascribed to people as well as things that are regarded as attractive or charming.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Joanne Peeters
Joanne Peeters (born 9 July 1996) is a Belgian field hockey player for the Belgian national team.

She participated at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup.

She moved to Melbourne in 2022 and represented Hockey Club Melbourne in the 2023 Australian Hockey One league.

Hockey One
The Liberty Hockey One is a field hockey competition organised by Hockey Australia, which replaced the Australian Hockey League.

Dual competitions are conducted for both men's and women's teams, with parallel fixtures for both competitions throughout the regular season. The league serves as Australia's premier domestic hockey league, helping unearth future talent for selection to the Australian national teams; the Kookaburras and Hockeyroos.

The NSW Pride and the Brisbane Blaze are currently the most successful teams, winning three out of six titles each. The Pride won both the men's and women's competitions in 2022, whereas the Blaze won both competitions in 2023.