hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shivam Sharma
Shivam Sharma (born 9 September 1993) is a cricketer who plays for Kings XI Punjab. Sharma is an all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls off break. In 2012, he captained the Delhi Under-19 and North Zone Under-19 cricket teams.

In 2014, he was signed up by Kings XI Punjab for INR 1 million, without having played any form of senior cricket. He made his senior cricket debut in the 2014 IPL for Kings XI Punjab against Royal Challengers Bangalore on 9 May 2014, and scored 4 runs and had bowling figures of 2/26 in 4 overs having dismissed Yuvraj Singh and Albie Morkel.

Royal Challengers Bengaluru
Royal Challengers Bengaluru, formerly Royal Challengers Bangalore, also known as RCB, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Founded in 2008 by United Spirits, the team's home ground is M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won their first title in 2025. The team finished as the runners-up on three occasions: in 2009, 2011, and 2016. They have also qualified for the playoffs in ten of the eighteen seasons.

As of 2025, the team is captained by Rajat Patidar and coached by Andy Flower. The franchise has competed in the Champions League, finishing as runners-up in the 2011 season. As of 2024, RCB was valued at $117 million, making it one of the most valuable franchises.
C. Sylendra Babu
Dr. C. Sylendra Babu (born June 5, 1962) is a retired Indian Police Service Officer who served as the 31st Director General of Police and Head of Police Force, Tamil Nadu Police. In addition to his distinguished law enforcement career, he is a Tamil author, motivational speaker, mentor for civil services aspirants and a fitness influencer.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
1896 Frome by-election
The 1896 Frome by-election, was a by-election held on 2 June 1896 for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

The by-election was called when the incumbent Viscount Weymouth entered the House of Lords as the 5th Marquess of Bath in 1896 on the death of his father. Weymouth had been the Member of Parliament for Frome between 1886 and 1892 and from 1895 to 1896.

Weymouth's brother Alexander Thynne stood as the Conservative Party candidate against the Liberal Party candidate John Barlow. The constituency had changed from Conservative to Liberal parties a number of times and Barlow had lost the seat at the 1895 General Election to Viscount Weymouth who had a majority of 383.

Frome (UK Parliament constituency)
Frome was a constituency centred on the town of Frome in Somerset. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832, until it was abolished for the 1950 general election. Between 1832 and 1885, it was a parliamentary borough; after 1885 it was a county constituency, a division of Somerset.
Bembem Devi Oinam
Bembem Devi Oinam (Meitei: Oinam Bembem Devi, born 4 April 1980) is an Indian football coach and former footballer from Manipur. In 2017, she was honoured with the Arjuna Award by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. She was nicknamed the Durga of Indian Football and is currently involved in spreading awareness about Women's football in India.

Oinam Bembem Devi is the recipient of India's highly prestigious award Padma Shri 2020.

Indian Women's League
The Indian Women's League (abbreviated as the IWL) is the women's top tier professional football league in India, founded in 2016. Currently, a total of 8 teams from across the country participate in the league.

The competition was planned since 2014 and got established in 2016, with the first season starting from October 2016 in Cuttack, Odisha. The league was launched as India's first professional football league for women with the aim to increase the player pool for India national team. Since 2019–20, the clubs that become champions are granted an opportunity to play in the AFC Women's Club Championship, the top tier women's club football competition in Asia.

Until now five clubs have been crowned as champions: Eastern Sporting Union, Rising Students Club, Sethu, Gokulam Kerala and East Bengal. Out of them Gokulam Kerala has lifted the championship trophy thrice.
Otonality and utonality
Otonality and utonality are terms introduced by Harry Partch to describe chords whose pitch classes are the harmonics or subharmonics of a given fixed tone (identity), respectively. For example: ⁠1/1⁠, ⁠2/1⁠, ⁠3/1⁠,... or ⁠1/1⁠, ⁠1/2⁠, ⁠1/3⁠,....

An Otonality is that set of pitches generated by the numerical factors (...identities)...over a numerical constant (...numerary nexus) in the denominator. Conversely, a Utonality is the inversion of an Otonality, a set of pitches with a numerical constant in the numerator over the numerical factors...in the denominator.

Root (chord)
In music theory, the root of a chord is the note that names and typifies the chord. Tertian chords are named based on (1) their root, (2) their quality (assumed to be major if no quality is named), and (3) their extensions, if any (assumed to be a triad if no extensions are named). For example, a C chord refers to a C major triad, a major triad built on the note C, which is its root.

The root of a tertian chord is the note on which the subsequent thirds are stacked (though on occasion, some of the notes in the stack may be omitted). For instance, the root of the E minor triad is E, independent of the vertical placement of the three notes that compose it (i.e., E, G, and B).

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Harrison Neal
Harrison Francoiś Neal (born 12 May 2001) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League Two club Fleetwood Town. A strong midfielder, Neal is known for his step overs, dribbling, Electric pace, tackling and aerial duels.

Dribbling
In sports, dribbling is maneuvering a ball by one player while moving in a given direction, avoiding defenders' attempts to intercept the ball. A successful dribble will bring the ball past defenders legally and create opportunities to score.
Adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion, in microscopy, optical fabrication and in retinal imaging systems (ophthalmoscopy) to reduce optical aberrations. Adaptive optics works by measuring the distortions in a wavefront and compensating for them with a device that corrects those errors such as a deformable mirror or a liquid crystal array.

Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics, which work on a longer timescale to correct the primary mirror geometry.

Other methods can achieve resolving power exceeding the limit imposed by atmospheric distortion, such as speckle imaging, aperture synthesis, and lucky imaging, or by moving outside the atmosphere with space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope.

Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy, (from Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós), meaning "eye", and σκοπέω (skopéō), meaning "to look") also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor.

The pupil is a hole through which the eye's interior can be viewed. For better viewing, the pupil can be opened wider (dilated; mydriasis) before ophthalmoscopy using medicated eye drops (dilated fundus examination). However, undilated examination is more convenient (albeit not as comprehensive), and is the most common type in primary care.

An alternative or complement to ophthalmoscopy is to perform a fundus photography, where the image can be analysed later by a professional.
Robin Eubanks
Robin Eubanks (born October 25, 1955) is an American jazz and jazz fusion slide trombonist, the brother of guitarist Kevin Eubanks and trumpeter Duane Eubanks. Younger brother Shane Eubanks, twin to Duane Eubanks, is a DJ. His uncles are jazz pianist Ray Bryant and bassist Tommy Bryant. His mother, Vera Eubanks, was famed pianist Kenny Barron's first piano teacher.

ArtistShare
ArtistShare is the internet's first crowdfunding website.  It also operates as a record label and business model for artists which enables them to fund their projects by allowing the general public to directly finance, watch the creative process, and in most cases gain access to extra material from an artist.  According to Bloomberg News, the company's chief executive officer, record producer Brian Camelio, founded ArtistShare in 2000 with the idea that fans would finance production costs for albums sold only on the Internet and Artists also would enjoy much more favourable contract terms. ArtistShare was described in 2005 as a "completely new business model for creative artists" which "benefits both the artist and the fans by financing new and original artistic projects while building a strong and loyal fan base".
Coosa River
The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia. The river is about 280 miles (450 km) long.

The Coosa River begins at the confluence of the Oostanaula and Etowah rivers in Rome, Georgia, and ends just northeast of the Alabama state capital, Montgomery, where it joins the Tallapoosa River to form the Alabama River just south of Wetumpka. Around 90% of the Coosa River's length is located in Alabama.  Coosa County, Alabama and Etowah County, Alabama are located on the Coosa River.

The Coosa is one of Alabama's most developed rivers. Most of the river has been impounded, with Alabama Power, a unit of the Southern Company, owning seven dams and powerhouses on the Coosa River. The dams produce hydroelectric power, but they are costly to some species endemic to the Coosa River.

Southern Company
Southern Company is an American gas and electric utility holding company based in the Southern United States. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with executive offices located in Birmingham, Alabama. As of 2021 it is the second largest utility company in the U.S. in terms of customer base. Through its subsidiaries it serves 9 million gas and electric utility customers in 6 states. Southern Company's regulated regional electric utilities serve a 120,000-square-mile (310,000 km2) territory with 27,000 miles (43,000 km) of distribution lines.
The Birth of a Race
The Birth of a Race is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by John W. Noble. It was made as a response to the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation, and was meant to discredit the negative stereotypes perpetuated by the film. Initially, it was intended to be a short answer film that could be appended to The Birth of a Nation in 1915, but a combination of weak financial backing and growing ambitions delayed its completion for more than two years.

When finally released in December 1918, The Birth of a Race was a two-hour feature-length film nothing like producer Emmett Jay Scott's original vision. A large quantity of footage highlighting the achievements of black people specifically was removed from the final film.

The film premiered in Chicago in December, 1918, to great ballyhoo but was a commercial and critical failure. After two public showings, the film was cut from 2.5 hours to a shorter 60-minute version, which is preserved at the Library of Congress.

Emmett Jay Scott
Emmett Jay Scott (February 13, 1873 – December 12, 1957) was an African American journalist, newspaper editor, academic, and government official who was Booker T. Washington's closest advisor at the Tuskegee Institute. He was responsible for maintaining Washington's nationwide "Tuskegee machine," with its close links to black business leadership, white philanthropists, and Republican politicians from the local level to the White House.

After Washington's death, Scott lost his Tuskegee connection, but moved to Washington, D.C., as Special Advisor of Black Affairs to Secretary of War Newton D. Baker. Scott was the highest-ranking African American in Democrat Woodrow Wilson's presidential administration. After 1919, he was less and less visible in national affairs, with the NAACP largely assuming the leadership role that Booker T. Washington had dominated.
Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical
Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical (now operating under Janssen Pharmaceuticals) was a pharmaceutical company based in Raritan, New Jersey, that was formed from the merger of Ortho Pharmaceutical and McNeil Pharmaceutical in 1993. These pharmaceutical companies were pioneers and leaders in areas such as pain management, acid reflux disease, and infectious diseases.

Ortho-McNeil and Janssen Pharmaceuticals together composed the Ortho-McNeil-Janssen group within Johnson & Johnson before a decision to operate under the Janssen Pharmaceuticals name in 2011.

Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Infectious diseases (ID), also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections. An infectious diseases specialist's practice consists of managing nosocomial (healthcare-acquired) infections or community-acquired infections. An ID specialist investigates and determines the cause of a disease (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungus or prions). Once the cause is known, an ID specialist can then run various tests to determine the best drug to treat the disease. While infectious diseases have always been around, the infectious disease specialty did not exist until the late 1900s after scientists and physicians in the 19th century paved the way with research on the sources of infectious disease and the development of vaccines.
French Prairie
French Prairie is located in Marion County, Oregon, United States, in the Willamette Valley between the Willamette River and the Pudding River, north of Salem. The prairie area roughly corresponds to the traditional land of the Kalapuya people much decimated by pandemics during the 1830s. The fertile land would become highly contended for. The area was subsequently named after some of the earliest settlers of that part of the Oregon Country, French Canadian/Métis people who were mostly former employees of the Hudson's Bay Company.
"French Prairie" naming was first captured in writing in the early 1850s by a French Consul to California visiting Oregon. Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant referred to the area as "les prairies françaises".
French Prairie is also known as an early Métis settlement in the Pacific Northwest history.

Pudding River
The Pudding River is a 62-mile (100 km) tributary of the Molalla River in the U.S. state of Oregon. Its drainage basin covers 528 square miles (1,368 km2). Among its tributaries are Silver Creek, Butte Creek, Abiqua Creek, and the Little Pudding River.

Historically, the Pudding River flowed directly into the Willamette River, and aerial photos dating back to 1936 provide evidence of the Willamette River's confluence with the Pudding River mainstem channel.  Currently, it flows directly into the Molalla River near River Mile 1 before joining the Willamette River. Anadromous and resident salmonids use the Lower Pudding River main stem and key tributaries that support the basin's ecosystems.
Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo
The Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo is a lifesize (1.82 m tall) marble statue formerly in the collection of the comte Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier (1752–1817), member of the Académie Française and French ambassador to the Sublime Porte from 1784 until the fall of the monarchy.  It is now conserved in the British Museum.

The nude sculpture of a naked youth, perhaps representing the god Apollo or a victorious athlete, is an Imperial Roman copy, dated 1st century AD, of a Greek bronze original that would have dated, judging from its style, about 460–450 BCE.  The sculpture retains characteristic traits of bronze work translated into marble, such as the carving of the locks of hair, which on the bronze original would have been individually cast attached.  The tree stump support on the statue's right and the strut attaching the left arm to the leg are both reinforcements to the marble version, which was more fragile than the bronze original.

Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Ottoman Turkish: باب عالی, romanized: Bâb-ı Âlî or Babıali; Turkish pronunciation: [baːbɯˈaːliː]), was a metonymy used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the building which housed the office of the Grand Vizier, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, and the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances. Today it houses the office of the Istanbul governerate.
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Prospector'
The Japanese elm cultivar Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Prospector' was originally treated as a cultivar of Wilson's elm U. wilsoniana Schneid., a species sunk as Ulmus davidiana var. japonica by Fu. A U.S. National Arboretum introduction (NA 55398), it was selected in 1975 from a batch of 1965 seedlings in Delaware, Ohio, and released without patent restrictions in 1990. 'Prospector' proved moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 76% overall.

'Prospector' was introduced to the UK in 2009, by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Branch, Butterfly Conservation, as part of an assessment of DED-resistant cultivars as potential hosts of the endangered White-letter Hairstreak.

Delaware, Ohio
Delaware is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is located near the center of Ohio, about 30 miles (48 km) north of Columbus as part of the Columbus metropolitan area. The population was 41,302 at the 2020 census. Delaware was founded in 1808 and was incorporated in 1816.
2005 Rolex Sports Car Series
The 2005 Rolex Sports Car Series season was the sixth season of the Rolex Sports Car Series run by the Grand American Road Racing Association, and the fourth season under the sponsorship of Rolex. It began on February 5 with the 24 Hours of Daytona, and ended on November 5 with the Mexico City 250.

The 2005 season saw another reduction of classes for the fourth year in a row with the suppression of the Super Grand Sport (SGS) class after just one season. The format was thus reduced to two classes, Daytona Prototypes (DP) and Grand Touring (GT).

Super Grand Sport
Super Grand Sport is the name of a former classification designated by Grand-Am for the 2004 Rolex Sports Car Series sports car racing championship. The class competed for a single season in 2004, and was an evolution of the former Grand Sport class. These cars were production-based, and moved up from the Grand-Am Cup series. Examples of cars that were eligible to compete included the Ferrari 360, Chevrolet Corvette, and Porsche 911 GT3.
Sam Coomes
Samuel J. Coomes (born April 23, 1964) is an American musician, and one half of the indie band Quasi, along with his ex-wife, drummer Janet Weiss. Coomes was also a member of the mid-1980s underground pop band The Donner Party and replaced Brandt Peterson as the bassist for the 1990s Portland indie rock band Heatmiser, playing on their final studio album, Mic City Sons.

Jandek
Jandek is the musical project of Sterling Smith (born October 26, 1945), a Houston, Texas-based American lo-fi folk singer. Since 1978, Jandek has independently released over 120 albums while granting an interview extremely rarely and providing no biographical information, releasing on a self-made label, "Corwood Industries". Jandek often plays an idiosyncratic and frequently atonal form of folk and blues music, frequently using an open and unconventional chord structure. AllMusic has described Jandek as "the most enigmatic figure in American music."
Frank Zotti
Frank Zotti (1872–1947) was an American entrepreneur, publisher, steamship agent and banker.

Zotti migrated from the Bay of Kotor (then Austria-Hungary, today Montenegro) in 1889 and started out as a steamship agent. Later he became the owner of such a company, and eventually his company even purchased a transatlantic steamship, the Brooklyn. Zotti built up a fully-fledged bank at a New York address, the Amerikansko-Hrvatska Štedionica (American-Croat Savings Bank).  He published the widely read Narodni list (USA) (National paper), a weekly newspaper, and he even managed to become president of the Hrvatska zajednica (Croat Union), which later transformed into the Croatian Fraternal Union (CFU).

Zotti's activities reached across the Atlantic, and he was perhaps the most illustrious example of South Slav migrant elites.

Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor (Serbo-Croatian: Boka kotorska / Бока которска, Italian: Bocche di Cattaro), also known as the Gulf of Kotor or just as the Boka (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Бока), is a winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro and the region of Montenegro concentrated around the bay. It is also the southernmost part of the historical region of Dalmatia. At the entrance to the Bay there is Prevlaka, a small peninsula in southern Croatia. The bay has been inhabited since antiquity. Its well-preserved medieval towns of Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Perast, Prčanj and Herceg Novi, along with their natural surroundings, are major tourist attractions. The Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Its numerous Orthodox and Catholic churches and monasteries attract numerous religious pilgrims and other visitors.
Bill Ligon
William Norman Ligon (May 19, 1952 – June 11, 2024) was an American professional basketball shooting guard who played one season in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Detroit Pistons during the 1974–75 season. The Pistons drafted him from Vanderbilt University during the tenth round (175th pick overall) of the 1974 NBA draft. He worked as an attorney, specializing in criminal defense and litigation. He died in Gallatin, Tennessee on June 11, 2024, at the age of 72.

Criminal defenses
In the field of criminal law, there are a variety of conditions that will tend to negate elements of a crime (particularly the intent element), known as defenses. The label may be apt in jurisdictions where the accused may be assigned some burden before a tribunal. However, in many jurisdictions, the entire burden to prove a crime is on the prosecution, which also must prove the absence of these defenses, where implicated. In other words, in many jurisdictions the absence of these so-called defenses is treated as an element of the crime. So-called defenses may provide partial or total refuge from punishment.