hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamstringing
Hamstringing is a method of crippling a person or animal so that they cannot walk properly by severing the hamstring tendons in the thigh. It is used both as a swordfighting strike to incapacitate an enemy combatant, and as a method to torture the victim.

In animals, it is used as a method for disabling large prey to weaken them and prevent their escape.  Once accomplished the attacker(s) can make a killing blow more safely and effectively.

Swordsmanship
Swordsmanship or sword fighting refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of sword. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to smallsword fencing, but by extension it can also be applied to any martial art involving the use of a sword. The formation of the English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word gladiator, a term for the professional fighters who fought against each other and a variety of other foes for the entertainment of spectators in the Roman Empire. The word gladiator itself comes from the Latin word gladius, which is a type of sword.
PPADS
PPADS (pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid) is a selective purinergic P2X antagonist.  It is able to block contractions of rabbit vas deferens induced by ATP or α,β,methylene-ATP. It appears to be relatively selective for P2X receptors, having no appreciable activity at α1 adrenergic, muscarinic M2 and M3, histamine H1, and adenosine A1 receptors.

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-1 (α1) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gq heterotrimeric G protein. It consists of three highly homologous subtypes, α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenergic. There is no α1C receptor. At one time, there was a subtype known as α1C, but it was found to be identical to the previously discovered α1A receptor subtype. To avoid confusion, naming was continued with the letter D. Catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) signal through the α1-adrenergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The crystal structure of the α1B-adrenergic receptor subtype has been determined in complex with the inverse agonist (+)-cyclazosin.
Electoral district of Monaro
Monaro, also known as Maneroo (1856–1858), Monara (1858–1879) and Manaro (1894–1904) is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently represented by Steve Whan of the Labor party since the 2023 New South Wales state election.

Monaro is a regional district in the south of the state. It encompasses the Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council and Snowy Monaro Regional Council. Its significant population centres include Queanbeyan, Bungendore, Braidwood, Cooma, Bombala, Captains Flat, Nimmitabel, Delegate, Bredbo, Michelago, Berridale, Jindabyne and Adaminaby.

Berridale, New South Wales
Berridale is a small town in New South Wales. At the 2021 census it had a population of 1,300. It was the administrative centre of the Snowy River Shire until in 2016 that shire merged with two others to form the Snowy Monaro Regional Council, one of Australia's major inland tourist destinations. Berridale lies at 860 metres above sea level between the towns of Cooma and Jindabyne and 435 kilometres south of Sydney.
Hunter's bend
Hunter's bend (or rigger's bend) is a knot used to join two lines. It consists of interlocking overhand knots, and can jam under moderate strain. It is similar to the Zeppelin bend.

When assessed against other bends in stress tests using paracord, it was found to be "not as strong as the blood knot, similar to the reverse figure of eight and stronger than the fisherman's bend, sheet bend or reef knot".

Sheet bend
The sheet bend (also known as weaver's knot and weaver's hitch) is a bend knot. It is practical for joining lines of different diameter or rigidity.

It is quick and easy to tie, and is considered so essential it is the first knot given in the Ashley Book of Knots. Additionally, it is one of the six knots given in the International Guild of Knot Tyers' Six Knot Challenge, along with the clove hitch, bowline, reef knot (square knot), round turn and two half-hitches, and sheepshank.

The sheet bend is related in structure to the bowline; like the bowline, it has a tendency to work loose when not under load. For increased security, it is sometimes recommended that one add another turn in the smaller end, making a double sheet bend; in most cases, however, a single sheet bend should suffice. The becket hitch is another structurally similar knot.

As a bend, its advantages lie in its simplicity and non-jamming properties.

It is commonly taught in Scouting.
Pyrausta sanguinalis
Pyrausta sanguinalis, the scarce crimson and gold, is a moth of the family Crambidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae.

The wingspan is 14–18 mm. The forewings are brownish ochreous, basal and dorsal areas deep yellow, disc yellow mixed; markings purple-crimson; a streak along costa to 3/4; a fascia before middle; an oblong discal spot, connected above with costal streak, and sometimes beneath with preceding fascia; a subterminal fascia. Hindwings in male light grey, darker terminally, in female grey; termen crimson in middle. The larva is greenish-grey, reddish tinged; subdorsal and spiracular lines whitish; head brown.

The moth flies from June to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on common sage, rosemary and thyme.

Rosemary
Salvia rosmarinus, synonym Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and purple or sometimes white, pink, or blue flowers. It is a member of the mint family, Lamiaceae.

The species is native to the Mediterranean region. It has a number of cultivars, and its leaves are commonly used as a flavoring.
Killing of Elza Kungayeva
Elza Kungayeva (Russian: Эльза Кунгаева; also known as Kheda Kungayeva, alternatively spelled Kungaeva; 1982 – 27 March 2000) was an 18-year-old Chechen woman abducted, beaten, murdered, and raped by Russian Army Colonel Yuri Budanov during the Second Chechen War.

On March 27, 2000, Elza Kungayeva was forcibly taken from her home in Chechnya, abused and murdered. On February 28, 2001, the Rostov District Military Court began the trial of Col. Yuri Budanov for Kungayeva's murder. It was one of the first cases in which Russian authorities promptly and publicly acknowledged a war crime perpetrated by Russian forces against civilians in Chechnya.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Universidad de Zamboanga
The Universidad de Zamboanga (often abbreviated to UZ) is a non-profit, private university founded in Zamboanga City, Philippines. Originally named the Zamboanga Arturo Eustaquio Colleges in 1948 in honor of its founder, it is the largest private university in the Zamboanga Peninsula in terms of student population. The university is owned and operated by the Eustaquio family, with 6 campuses within Zamboanga City and satellite campuses in Ipil and Pagadian. In 2012, the president of the university, Arturo F. Estaquio III, was shot and killed in Zamboanga.

Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga Peninsula (Cebuano: Lawis sa Zamboanga; Chavacano/Spanish: Península de Zamboanga; Filipino: Tangway ng Zamboanga), designated as Region IX, is an administrative region in Mindanao, Philippines. It consists of the provinces of Sulu, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur, and the cities of Isabela and Zamboanga.

The region was previously known as Western Mindanao. Pagadian serves as the regional center, while Zamboanga City is the region's commercial and industrial center.
Malkerson Island
Malkerson Island is a private island on Bay Lake, a lake that is located in Bay Lake Township, Crow Wing County, Minnesota. The island is 52 acres (210,000 m2) and has more than three miles (5 km) of shoreline. The island is owned by the Malkerson family and has been used as a summertime weekend retreat for five generations. The island has been featured in the New York Times and Star Tribune.

Private island
A private island is a disconnected body of land wholly owned by a private citizen or corporation. Although this exclusivity gives the owner substantial control over the property, private islands remain under the jurisdiction of national and sometimes local governments. Their size can vary widely, from that of a typical suburban yard to several hundred square kilometers.
Christmas in the Highlands
Christmas in the Highlands, released in the United States as Christmas at the Castle, is a Christmas romantic comedy television film, predominantly set in Scotland. It is directed by Ryan Dewar and stars Brooke Burfitt, Dan Jeannotte, Geraldine Somerville, Caprice Bourret and Nicholas Farrell. The film premiered in December 2019 internationally, and showed on Lifetime on December 23, 2020

Dan Jeannotte
Daniel Jeannotte (born 22 September 1981) is a Canadian actor. He gained recognition for his roles as Brandon Russell in the American-Canadian fantasy television series Good Witch, and as James Stuart in the CW period drama series Reign. He also portrayed Arno Dorian through performance capture in Assassin's Creed Unity, an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. In April 2017, Jeannotte joined the Freeform drama series The Bold Type as Ryan Decker, a writer at Pinstripe magazine, who is Jane Sloan's (Katie Stevens) romantic interest. Since 2022, Jeannotte has also played the recurring role of Sam Kirk in Star Trek: Strange New Worlds.
2017 Cary Challenger – Doubles
Philip Bester and Peter Polansky were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela won the title after defeating Miķelis Lībietis and Dennis Novikov 6–7(6–8), 7–6(7–1), [10–6] in the final.

Miķelis Lībietis
Miķelis Lībietis (born 9 July 1992 in Sigulda) is a Latvian tennis player that competes on the ATP Challenger Tour and the ITF Men's Circuit. Lībietis has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 352 achieved on 28 November 2016 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 138 achieved on 29 January 2024.

He played NCAA college tennis at the University of Tennessee, graduating with a degree in Sociology – Criminal Justice in May 2015.
Gitanjali (Ceylonese newspaper)
Gitanjali was a Sinhala language weekly newspaper in Ceylon published by Independent Newspapers Limited, part of M. D. Gunasena & Company. It was founded on 1964 and was published from Colombo. In 1966 it had an average net sales of 15,000. It had an average circulation of 15,000 in 1973.

By 1973/74 the Independent Newspapers publications had become vocal critics of Sirimavo Bandaranaike's government. The government sealed Independent Newspapers' presses and closed it down on 19 April 1974 using the Emergency (Defence) Regulations. Independent Newspapers resumed publication on 30 March 1977 but the three-year closure had taken its toll. Faced financial problems Independent Newspapers and its various publications closed down on 26 December 1990.

Dominion of Ceylon
Ceylon was an independent country in the Commonwealth of Nations from 1948 to 1972,  that shared a monarch with other dominions of the Commonwealth. In 1948, the British Colony of Ceylon was granted independence as Ceylon. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth, and its name was changed to Sri Lanka.
Brash (surname)
Brash is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Brash (1913–2002), Presbyterian minister in New Zealand

Alan Brash (pharmacologist) (born 1949), Scottish pharmacologist

Don Brash (born 1940), New Zealand politician

James Brash (1881–1961), Australian organist, adjudicator and composer

Jonathan Brash, British politician

Marion Brash (1931–2022), American actress

Matt Brash (veterinarian), British veterinarian and television presenter

Matt Brash (baseball), (born 1998), Canadian baseball player

Peter Brash (born 1954), American television soap opera writer

Thomas Brash (1874–1957), New Zealand dairy executive and Presbyterian

William W. Brash III (born 1951), American judge

Thomas Brash
Thomas Cuddie Brash CBE (29 November 1874 – 19 January 1957) was a leading figure in New Zealand's dairy industry and one of only four lay moderators of the General Assembly in the history of the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand.  He was the father of Presbyterian and Ecumenical church leader Alan Brash, and grandfather of governor of the Reserve Bank and leader of the National Party Don Brash.
Onega Ulanova
Onega Ulanova is a Kazakh-American businesswoman. She is the co-founder of the American product design and prototyping company LA New Product Development Team (LA NPDT), the founder of oil and gas industry marketing and business development firm OKGlobal, and the co-founder of QMS2Go, a provider of AI-powered quality management system tools. Ulanova is also a contributing writer to Entrepreneur Magazine and serves as a leadership member of several national small business organizations.

Bossier City, Louisiana
Bossier City (/ˈboʊʒər/ BOH-zhər) is a city in Bossier Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 62,701 at the 2020 census. Located on the eastern bank of the Red River, Bossier City is closely tied economically and socially to its sister city, Shreveport, on the western bank. It is the second-most populous city in the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area. The parish operates its own community college, Bossier Parish Community College.
Vinkensport
Vinkensport (Dutch for "finch sport") is a competitive animal sport in which male common chaffinches are made to compete for the highest number of bird calls in an hour. Also called vinkenzetting ("finch sitting"). It is primarily active in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.

Vinkensport traces its origins to competitions held by Flemish merchants in 1596, and is considered part of traditional Flemish culture. As of 2007, it was estimated that there are over 13,000 enthusiasts, called vinkeniers ("finchers"), breeding 10,000 birds every year. Animal rights activists oppose the sport.

Animal rights movement
The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement that advocates an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries.  The argument from marginal cases is often used in animal rights advocacy which asserts that if certain humans with limited cognitive capacities are granted moral consideration, then non-human animals, who may possess different forms of intelligence or sentience, should also be afforded similar negative rights and moral consideration.
Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange
The Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange (CSCE) was founded in 1882 as the Coffee Exchange in the City of New York. Sugar futures were added in 1914, and, on September 28, 1979, the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange merged with the New York Cocoa Exchange (which in turn had been founded in 1925) to form CSCE.  In 1998, CSCE merged with the New York Cotton Exchange as subsidiaries of the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT).  The CSCE operates as an independent unit of NYBOT trading futures and options on coffee, sugar and cocoa and the S&P Commodity Index.  Trading is by open outcry, from 8 a.m. to 2:45 p.m., Monday through Friday.  In January 2007, NYBOT merged with IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) and became a wholly owned subsidiary of ICE.

Option (finance)
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option.

Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset (or contingent liability) and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.

Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
Rinaldo Nocentini
Rinaldo Nocentini (born 25 September 1977) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 1999 and 2019 for the Mapei–Quick-Step, Fassa Bortolo, Formaggi Pinzolo Fiavé, Acqua & Sapone, AG2R La Mondiale and Sporting / Tavira teams.

In the 2009 Tour de France, his first participation in the race, he became leader in the General Classification after participating in a stage-long breakaway on stage 7 to take the yellow jersey from Fabian Cancellara with an overall time six seconds ahead of the second-place rider in the General Classification, Alberto Contador. He wore the yellow jersey for eight stages before relinquishing it to Contador at the end of stage 15.

AP Hotels & Resorts–Tavira–SC Farense
AP Hotels & Resorts–Tavira–SC Farense (in accordance with sponsorship and naming rights agreements), also known as Clube de Ciclismo de Tavira (the official, legal name of the sports organization since its foundation) is a Portuguese professional cycling team, founded in 1979, which is based in Tavira, in the Portuguese region of Algarve. It is one of the European teams in the UCI Continental Tour.
East Potrillo Mountains
The East Potrillo Mountains are a mountain range in south central Doña Ana County, New Mexico. They are located approximately 25 miles (40 km) west of El Paso, Texas, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Las Cruces, New Mexico, and 30 miles east of Columbus, New Mexico. The southern tip of the range is less than 5 miles (8.0 km) from the Mexican border. The mountains and most of the surrounding acreage are located on land owned by the Bureau of Land Management. Access to the general vicinity is through New Mexico State Road 9, and several unpaved county roads. They are considered an example of sky islands.

Sporobolus airoides
Sporobolus airoides is a species of grass known by the common name alkali sacaton. It is native to western North America, including the Western United States west of the Mississippi River, British Columbia and Alberta in Canada, and northern and central Mexico. It grows in many types of habitat, often in alkali soils, such as in California desert regions.
Francesca da Rimini (Mercadante)
Francesca da Rimini is an 1831 opera by Saverio Mercadante to a libretto by Felice Romani based on Silvio Pellico's play which had already been set twice and ultimately was set by fifteen composers. It was to be premiered in Madrid in 1831, but the premiere was cancelled and the opera lost.

It was rediscovered and performed in July 2016 at the Palazzo Ducale in Martina Franca for the Festival della Valle d'Itria. The Austrian premiere was played on 28 December 2022 at the Tiroler Festspiele Erl, conducted by Giuliano Carella. In cooperation, and with the same scenic design, the German premiere was held on 26 February 2023 at the Oper Frankfurt. The opera was directed by Hans Walter Richter and conducted by Ramón Tebar, with Jessica Pratt in the title role, Kelsey Lauritano as Paolo and Theo Lebow as Lanclotto.

Silvio Pellico
Silvio Pellico (Italian: [ˈsilvjo ˈpɛlliko]; 24 June 1789 – 31 January 1854) was an Italian writer, poet, dramatist and patriot active in the Italian unification. His legacy is mainly linked to his memoirs "My Prisons".
These Wild Cats
These Wild Cats (French: Des chats sauvages) is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Steve Patry and released in 2024. The film profiles Martin, a hermit in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec who lives an isolated existence in a forest cabin with a large pack of cats, but whose life of predictable routine is upset when one of the cats goes missing.

The film premiered at the Montreal International Documentary Festival in 2024, and went into commercial release in September 2025.

The film was shortlisted for the Prix collégial du cinéma québécois in 2026.

Steve Patry
Steve Patry is a Canadian documentary filmmaker from Quebec.

He has been a two-time Jutra/Iris nominee for Best Documentary Film, receiving nods at the 17th Jutra Awards in 2015 for From Prisons to Prisons (De prisons en prisons) and at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2021 for I Might Be Dead by Tomorrow (Tant que j'ai du respir dans le corps), and a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Feature Length Documentary, receiving a nomination at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017 for Waseskun.
Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod
Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod (Gloomy Sunday – A Song of Love and Death, Hungarian: Szomorú vasárnap) is a 1999 film, a German/Hungarian co-production.

Although the movie centers on a romantic love triangle with tragic consequences, it has a strong historical background, set in Hungary during World War II. The film is based on the novel by Nick Barkow, co-written and directed by Rolf Schübel and tells a fictional story connected to the creation of the infamous song "Gloomy Sunday". Starring are Joachim Król (László, Jewish restaurant owner), Stefano Dionisi (András, a pianist who creates "Gloomy Sunday"), Erika Marozsán (Ilona, waitress and László's and later András' lover) and Ben Becker (Hans Wieck, a German businessman who becomes an SS officer).

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Paul Beaver
Paul Henry Beaver Jr. (August 14, 1925 – January 16, 1975) was an American musician who was a pioneer in popular electronic music, using the Moog synthesizer.  From 1967, Beaver collaborated with Bernie Krause as the recording duo Beaver & Krause.

Julian Cope
Julian David Cope (born 21 October 1957) is a Welsh musician and author. He was the singer and songwriter in Liverpool post-punk band The Teardrop Explodes and has followed a solo career since 1983 in addition to working on musical side projects such as Queen Elizabeth, Brain Donor, and Black Sheep.

Cope is also an author on Neolithic culture, publishing The Modern Antiquarian in 1998, and a political and cultural activist with a public interest in occultism and paganism. He has written two volumes of autobiography, Head-On (1994) and Repossessed (1999); two volumes of archaeology, The Modern Antiquarian (1998) and The Megalithic European (2004); and three volumes of musicology, Krautrocksampler (1995), Japrocksampler (2007); and Copendium: A Guide to the Musical Underground (2012).