hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Q&A sites
The following is a list of websites that follow a question-and-answer format. The list contains only websites for which an article exists, dedicated either wholly or at least partly to the websites.

The most visited Q&A sites is Quora and Stack Exchange.

For the humor "Q&A site" format first popularized by Forum 2000 and The Conversatron, see Q&A comedy website.

Q&A comedy website
A Q&A website is a website where the site creators use the images of pop culture icons, historical figures, fictional characters, or even inanimate objects or abstract concepts to answer input from the site's visitors, usually in question/answer format. This format of website, most popular in the early 2000s, evolved from the much older Internet Oracle. The original progenitor of this type of site was the now-defunct Forum 2000. The Forum 2000 claimed to have run the site by means of artificial intelligence, and the personalities on the website were called SOMADs, or "State Of Mind Adjointness pairs". However, later Q&A sites usually dispensed with this pretense, with the most extreme example being Jerk Squad!, on which the administrators of the site provide many of the answers.
316 (number)
316 (three hundred [and] sixteen) is the natural number following 315 and preceding 317. The factors of 316 are 1, 2, 4, 79, 158 and 316. This can be represented in the form 2² × 79. 316 is a centered triangular number and a centered heptagonal number.

316 is also an Ulam number and a member of one Tetranacci sequence. It appears in counting asymmetric polyominoes and binary-matrix involutions.

Involutory matrix
In mathematics, an involutory matrix is a square matrix that is its own inverse. That is, multiplication by the matrix  is an involution if and only if  where  is the  identity matrix. Involutory matrices are all square roots of the identity matrix. This is a consequence of the fact that any invertible matrix multiplied by its inverse is the identity.
Varna-Devnya Industrial Complex
The Devnya Industrial Complex consists of several important factories and companies in the chemical industry sector of Bulgaria. The reason Devnya has become the host of this cluster is that the region is relatively rich in raw materials like water, rock salt, silica, marl, and limestone. Some of the largest companies based here are: Solvay-Sodi (Солвей-Соди), part of Solvay, Agropolichim (Агрополихим), part of the Acid & Fertilizers Group, Polimeri (Полимери АД), part of AKB Fores, Devnya-Cement (Девня-Цимент), part of Italcementi, Thermal Power Plant Deven (Девен АД), part of Solvay, Thermal Power Plant Varna (ТЕЦ Варна, (1260 MW), part of the ČEZ Group. Transportation facilities include Port Varna - West (Пристанище Варна-запад), a railroad ferry terminal with services to Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia, Devnya-Avtotransport (Девня автотранспорт), and several railroad stations.

Halite
Halite (/ˈhælaɪt, ˈheɪlaɪt/ HAL-yte, HAY-lyte), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. It commonly occurs with  other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. The name halite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for "salt", ἅλς (háls).
Semuc Champey
Semuc Champey is a natural enclave in the department of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, near the Q'eqchi' Maya town of Lanquín. It consists of a natural 300 metres (980 ft) limestone bridge, under which passes the Cahabón River. Atop the bridge is a series of stepped, turquoise pools, a popular swimming attraction.

The name Semuc Champey is from the Qʼeqchiʼ language, meaning where the river hides under the earth.  The natural monument was established in 2005 by Decreto No. 025.

The best and most popular way to see Semuc Champey is from the "El Mirador" viewpoint. Though it is a roughly 45-minute hot, uphill jungle hike from the parking area, the views into the valley are unparalleled.

Although it can be difficult to get to, Semuc is becoming more and more popular with travelers.

Qʼeqchiʼ
Qʼeqchiʼ (/qʼeqt͡ʃiʔ/) (Kʼekchiʼ in the former orthography, or simply Kekchi in many English-language contexts, such as in Belize) are a Maya people of Guatemala, Belize and Mexico. Their Indigenous language is the Qʼeqchiʼ language.

Before the beginning of the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in the 1520s, Qʼeqchiʼ settlements were concentrated in what are now the departments of Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz. Over the course of the succeeding centuries a series of land displacements, resettlements, persecutions and migrations resulted in a wider dispersal of Qʼeqchiʼ communities into other regions of Guatemala (Izabal, Petén, El Quiché), southern Belize (Toledo District), and smaller numbers in southern Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche). While most notably present in northern Alta Verapaz and southern Petén, contemporary Qʼeqchiʼ language-speakers are the most widely spread geographically of all Maya peoples  in Guatemala.
Paratornoceratinae
Paratornoceratinae is a subfamily of oxyconic dimeroceratids included in the order Goniatitida, a group of Paleozoic ammonoids, which have closer affinity to living coleoids than to Nautilus.

Paratornoceratinae as defined by Ebbighausen,  Becker, & Bockwinkel in 2002 comprises three recognised genera with sharp, oxyconic, venters; Acrimeroceras, Paratornoceras, and Polonites.  The shell, as described for the type, Paratornoceras, is subglobular and evolute on young stages, but discoidal and with closed umbilicus in the adult.

Coleoidea
Coleoidea or Dibranchiata is one of the two subclasses of cephalopod molluscs containing all the various taxa popularly thought of as "soft-bodied" or "shell-less" (i.e. octopus, squid and cuttlefish). Unlike its sister groups, the shelled †Ammonoidea and Nautiloidea, the coleoids have at most an internal shell called cuttlebone or gladius that is used for buoyancy or as muscle attachment. Some species, notably the incirrate octopuses (including commonly known varieties living in the shallows), have lost their internal shell altogether, while in some it has been replaced by a chitinous support structure.
Vladimír Caldr
Vladimír Caldr (born 26 November 1958) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player.

Caldr played in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League for Motor České Budějovice and ASD Dukla Jihlava. He played for the Czechoslovak national team and won a silver medal at the 1984 Winter Olympics.

Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League
The Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League was the elite ice hockey league in Czechoslovakia from 1936 until 1993, when the country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Slovak Extraliga and Czech Extraliga formed from the split.
Frédéric Costes
Frédéric Costes (born 27 June 1957) is a French former rugby union international.

Born in La Rochelle, Costes learnt his rugby in Châteauroux with RACC and developed into a winger after showing proficiencies as a sprinter. He played his early senior rugby with Stade Clermontois while studying at university.

Costes, joining AS Montferrand in 1977, was the top try scorer in the 1978–79 French Championship and during his three seasons at the club earned his seven France caps. He scored a try on debut against England at Twickenham in the 1979 Five Nations Championship and at Eden Park later that year notably played in France's first ever defeat of the All Blacks on New Zealand soil, kicking the ball into touch to secure a 5–point win.

During the 1980s, Costes had another stint with Stade Clermontois and also played for RRC Nice.

Costes has since relocated to Nouméa, where he is a teacher.

Rugby Nice Côte d'Azur Université-Racing
Rugby Nice Côte d'Azur Université-Racing was a French rugby union club, which went into liquidation in June 2012. Nice was founded in 1912, as Racing Rugby Club de Nice. Nice was runner-up in the national championship in the 1982-83 season. In 1985 Nice won the Challenge Yves du Manoir. Its successor is the new club, Stade Niçois.
Stefania percristata
Stefania percristata (Spanish: rana stefania de Jaua) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Venezuela and only known from its type locality, Cerro Jaua in Bolívar State.
It occurs along streams at the top of the tepui. It is a nocturnal species found on branches of vegetation 0.3–1 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 3 in) above the ground.

Tepui
A tepui (/ˈtɛpwi/), or tepuy (Spanish: [teˈpuj]), is a member of a family of table-top mountains or mesas found in northern South America, especially in Venezuela, western Guyana, and northern Brazil. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon, the indigenous people who inhabit the Gran Sabana.

Tepuis tend to be found as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of endemic plant and animal species. Notable tepuis include Auyantepui, Autana, Neblina, and Mount Roraima. They are typically composed of sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz arenite sandstone that rise abruptly from the jungle. Auyantepui is the source of Angel Falls, the world's tallest waterfall.
Jogulamba Barrage
Jogulamba Barrage is a proposed barrage across Krishna River with full pond level (FPL) 274m. It would be located at Veltoor village,  Peddamandadi mandal, Wanaparthy district, Telangana, India. This barrage is proposed to divert 3 TMC of water via lift to Yedula Reservoir being built as part of Palamuru-Rangareddy Lift Irrigation Scheme. This would also provide water for Dindi Lift Irrigation Project and Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation Scheme.

Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthy lift irrigation scheme
Mahatma Gandhi Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation Scheme (MGKLIS) is a lift irrigation project on River Krishna located in Mahbubnagar district in the Indian state of Telangana. The lift canal starts from the backwaters of Srisailam Dam near Kollapur. The gravity driven, 100 kilometer-long canal provides cultivation for nearly 137,000 hectares (340,000 acres)in 300 villages located in constituencies of Kollapur, Wanaparthy, Nagarkurnool, Kalwakurthy, Jadcherla, and Achampet.
Kuntighat railway station
Kuntighat railway station is a railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Raghunathpur, Kuntighat, Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Number of EMU local and passenger trains stop at Kuntighat railway station.

Bandel–Katwa line
The Bandel–Katwa line is a 104 kilometres (65 mi) long railway line connecting Bandel in Hooghly district and Katwa in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. It is a major route for North bound trains from Howrah and forms a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
Hymans
Hymans is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Louis Hymans (1829–1884), Belgian writer, lecturer and politician

Max Hymans (1900–1961), French politician and director

Paul Hymans (1865–1941), Belgian politician

Paul Hymans
Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans (23 March 1865 – 8 March 1941), was a Belgian politician associated with the Liberal Party. He was the second president of the League of Nations and served again as its president in 1932–1933.
Nginx
Nginx (pronounced "engine x"  /ˌɛndʒɪnˈɛks/ EN-jin-EKS, stylized as NGINX or nginx) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.  The software was created by Russian developer Igor Sysoev and publicly released in 2004. Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license. A large fraction of web servers use Nginx, often as a load balancer.

A company of the same name was founded in 2011 to provide support and NGINX Plus paid software. In March 2019, the company was acquired by F5 for $670 million.

BSD licenses
BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses, imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software. This is in contrast to copyleft licenses, which have share-alike requirements. The original BSD license was used for its namesake, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Unix-like operating system. The original version has since been revised, and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses.

BSD is both a license and a class of license (generally referred to as BSD-like). The modified BSD license (in wide use today) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix. The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format, or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format. The BSD license (unlike some other licenses e.g. GPL) does not require that source code be distributed at all.
Louis Jenkins (politician)
Louis Leoline Jenkins (September 3, 1860 – August 24, 1939) was a farmer and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 2nd Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1912 to 1915 and from 1924 to 1927 as a Conservative.

He was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the son of John Theophilus Jenkins and Jessie Esther Carson Rice, and was educated at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph. In 1892, he married Hannah Sarah Holroyd. Jenkins served in the province's Executive Council as a minister without portfolio from 1912 to 1915. He was speaker from 1924 to 1927. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1915, 1919, 1927 and 1931. Jenkins died at the Charlottetown Hospital at the age of 78.

His brother Stephen Rice also served in the provincial assembly.

2nd Queens
2nd Queens was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the western central portion of Queens County. It was abolished in 1996.
2005 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2005 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix was the eleventh round of the 2005 MotoGP Championship. It took place on the weekend of 26–28 August 2005 at the Brno Circuit located in Brno, Czech Republic.  The race saw the beginning of the end of tobacco advertising in Grand Prix motorcycle racing due to a Europe-wide ban.

Brno Circuit
The Masaryk circuit (Czech: Masarykův okruh) or Masarykring, also referred to as the Brno Circuit, refers to two motorsport race tracks located in Brno, Czech Republic.

The original street circuit was made up of public roads, and at its longest measured 29.194 km (18.140 mi). The track is named after the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. In 1949, events such as the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix attracted top teams and drivers. In 1987, the new (current) circuit was opened. The Brno Circuit is historically one of the oldest circuits, on the place were also held the most motorcycle championships in history after the TT Circuit Assen.
Oligoryzomys microtis
Oligoryzomys microtis, also known as the small-eared colilargo or small-eared pygmy rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Oligoryzomys of family Cricetidae. It is found in western Brazil, eastern Peru, Bolivia, and northern Paraguay.

Cricetidae
The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At over 870 species, it is either the largest or second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia.
Laird
Laird (/ˈlɛərd/) is a Scottish word for minor lord (or landlord) and is a designation that applies to an owner of a large, long-established Scottish estate. In the traditional Scottish order of precedence, a laird ranked below a baron and above a gentleman. This rank was held only by those holding official recognition in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. They are usually styled [name] [surname] of [lairdship]. However, since "laird" is a courtesy title, it has no formal status in law.

Historically, the term bonnet laird was applied to rural, petty landowners, as they wore a bonnet like the non-landowning classes. Bonnet lairds filled a position in society below lairds and above husbandmen (farmers), similar to the yeomen of England.

An Internet fad is the selling of tiny souvenir plots of Scottish land and a claim of a "laird" title to go along with it, but the Lord Lyon has decreed these meaningless for several reasons.

Husbandman
A husbandman in England in the Middle Ages and the early modern period was a small landowner. The social status of a husbandman was below that of a yeoman. The meaning of "husband" in this term is "master of house" rather than "married man". According to anthropologist Charles Partridge, in England "Husbandman is a term denoting not rank but occupation... Knights, esquires, gentlemen and yeomen were also husbandmen if occupied in agriculture, but were never styled husbandmen because of their right to be styled knights, etc. The agriculturist who had no right to be styled knight or esquire or gentleman, and who, not being a forty-shilling freeholder was not a yeoman, was described as husbandman."

It has also been used to mean a practitioner of animal husbandry, or in American English, a rancher.
Leo Löwenstein
Carl-Friedrich Hubertus Georg Eduardo Paolo Nickolos Franz Alois Ignatius Hieronymus Maria, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (30 September 1966 – 24 April 2010), better known by his racing alias Leonhard "Leo" Löwenstein, was a German prince and endurance race driver participating in the VLN.

Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie
The Nürburgring Langstrecken-Serie (NLS) is an organisation of motorsport clubs of which each hosts one event of a nine-race (eight in 2024) series held on the Nürburgring Nordschleife.

Participants of NLS races range from amateurs in small road legal cars with rollcages and harnesses to professional factory teams racing Group GT3 cars. The NLS series is closely associated with the Nürburgring 24 Hours, as for the most part it has similar rules, and mainly the same participants. In the calendar, several weeks around the 24h date in May/June are taken off to allow teams to prepare for the 24h, and to fix their cars afterwards. However, the 24h is no longer a part of the championship.

The championship is known for its large quantity of cars as well as its variety, with an average of 113 cars starting per race in 2023.
Edwardsia
Edwardsia is a genus of sea anemones, the type of the family Edwardsiidae. They have eight mesenteries and live in tubes in the sand. The name, in Neo-Latin, commemorates the French zoologist Henri Milne-Edwards.

The genus contains the following species:

Mesentery (zoology)
In zoology, a mesentery is a membrane inside the body cavity of an animal. The term identifies different structures in different phyla: in vertebrates it is a double fold of the peritoneum enclosing the intestines; in other organisms it forms complete or incomplete partitions of the body cavity, whether that is the coelom or, as in the Anthozoa, the gastrovascular cavity.

The word "mesentery" is derived from the Greek mesos, "in the middle" and enteron, an "intestine".
Canadian Journal of Communication
The Canadian Journal of Communication publishes Canadian research and scholarship in the field of communication studies, first published in 1974.

"In pursuing this objective, particular attention is paid to research that has a distinctive Canadian flavour by virtue of choice of topic or by drawing on the legacy of Canadian theory and research. The purview of the journal is the entire field of communication studies as practised in Canada or with relevance to Canada." It is an independent journal and is owned by its subscribers.

Subscription business model
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service. The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century. It is particularly common now for digital products, which lend themselves more naturally toward a subscription model.

Subscriptions can be a more convenient, hassle-free transaction for consumers. However, due to inertia among some consumers, they may inadvertently pay for subscriptions that they no longer value because they do not realize that they are subscribed.
Cranendonck
Cranendonck (pronounced [ˈkraːnə(n)dɔŋk] ⓘ) is a municipality in southern Netherlands.
Though located in North Brabant near Eindhoven, the spoken dialect is Budels (linguistically a West Limburgish dialect), rather than Kempenlands (linguistically an East Brabantian dialect).

Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.
Prejmer fortified church
The Prejmer fortified church (Romanian: Biserica fortificată din Prejmer; German: Kirchenburg von Tartlau) is a Lutheran fortified church in Prejmer (Tartlau), Brașov County, in the Transylvania region of Romania and the ethnographic area of Țara Bârsei. The church was founded by the Germanic Teutonic Knights, and then was eventually taken over by the Transylvanian Saxon community. Initially Roman Catholic, it became Lutheran following the Reformation. Together with the surrounding village, the church forms part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Țara Bârsei
Țara Bârsei (German: Burzenland listenⓘ; Hungarian: Barcaság) is a historic and ethnographic area in Brașov County, southeastern Transylvania, Romania with a mixed population of Romanians, Germans, and Hungarians.
Jesus Christus, unser Heiland, der den Tod überwand
"Jesus Christus, unser Heiland, der den Tod überwand" (English: Jesus Christ, our Saviour, who conquered death) is a hymn for Easter by Martin Luther. The text originated in 1524. Johannes Zahn listed three hymn tunes for it. Two of these, Zahn Nos. 1976 and 1977, were published in 1724. A third, Zahn No. 1978, is attributed to Luther and was first published in 1529. Variants of this melody originated up to the early 17th century.

Hymn tune
A hymn tune is the melody of a musical composition to which a hymn text is sung. Musically speaking, a hymn is generally understood to have four-part (or more) harmony, a fast harmonic rhythm (chords change frequently), with or without refrain or chorus.

From the late sixteenth century in England and Scotland, when most people were not musically literate and learned melodies by rote, it was a common practice to sing a new text to a hymn tune the singers already knew which had a suitable meter and character.

There are many hymn tunes which might fit a particular hymn: a hymn in Long Metre might be sung to any hymn tune in Long Metre, but the tunes might be as different as those tunes that have been used for centuries with hymns such as Te lucis ante terminum, on one hand, and an arrangement of the calypso tune used with Jamaica Farewell, on the other.