hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan, Bakhshi, Faujdar, Kotwal, Qazi, Sadr, Waqa-i-Navis, Qanungo and Patwari. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks).

Khalji dynasty (Bengal)
The Khalji dynasty (Bengali: খলজি রাজবংশ, Persian: خاندان خلجی) was the first Muslim dynasty to rule the Bengal region in the Indian subcontinent. The dynasty, which hailed from the Garmsir region of present-day Afghanistan, was founded in 1204 by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, a Muslim Turko-Afghan general of the Ghurid Empire. The Khaljis initially  
pledged allegiance to Sultan Muhammad of Ghor until his death in 1206, though their rule in Bengal was mostly independent. Under the rule of Iwaz Khalji, Bengal experienced major developments such as its first naval force, flood defence systems and linkage with the Grand Trunk Road. The dynasty was based in the city of Lakhnauti in northern Bengal, later expanding eastwards and southwards. Nasiruddin Mahmud, the son of Mamluk sultan Iltutmish of Delhi managed to conquer Bengal in 1227; although the Khaljis briefly reasserted their independence, they surrendered to the Mamluks in 1231, who replaced them with a series of regional governors.
Fredrik Högberg
Fredrik Karl Kristian Högberg, born 5 February 1971 in Vellinge, Sweden, is a Swedish composer and producer. He resides in the old courthouse in Nyland, Ångermanland (mid-Sweden).

Fredrik Högberg grew up in Svedala, southern Sweden, and studied at the Folk High School of Framnäs, Piteå 1987–1991. Högberg has studied composition mainly with professor Jan Sandström at Piteå School of Music (a part of Luleå University of Technology).
He earned a licentiate degree in performing arts at Luleå University of Technology 2012. He teaches composition at Piteå School of Music since 2015.

Luleå University of Technology
Luleå University of Technology is a public research university in Norrbotten County, Sweden. The university has four campuses located in the Arctic Region in the cities of Luleå, Kiruna, Skellefteå, and Piteå.

With more than 19,000 students and about 1,500 employees, Luleå University of Technology is a middle-sized academic institution in Sweden and Scandinavia's northernmost Institute of technology.

The university was originally established in 1971 under the name Luleå University College and had its first campus in the suburbs of Porsön in Luleå. But was a couple of years later merged with the Teacher's Training College of Luleå and the School of Music of Piteå. In 1997, the institution was granted full university status by the Swedish government and became then thereafter renamed as Luleå University of Technology.
Going Hollywood
Going Hollywood is a 1933 American pre-Code musical film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Marion Davies and Bing Crosby. It was written by Donald Ogden Stewart based on a story by Frances Marion.  The film was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on December 22, 1933.

Frances Marion
Frances Marion (born Marion Benson Owens; November 18, 1888 – May 12, 1973) was an American screenwriter, director, journalist and author often cited as one of the most renowned female screenwriters of the 20th century alongside June Mathis and Anita Loos. During the course of her career, she wrote over 325 scripts. She was the first writer to win two Academy Awards. Marion began her film career working for filmmaker Lois Weber. She wrote numerous silent film scenarios for actress Mary Pickford, before transitioning to writing sound films.
Josef Pešek
Josef Pešek is a former ice dancer who competed for Czechoslovakia. With Milena Tůmová, he became a three-time national medalist and competed at four ISU Championships. The duo finished in the top ten at the 1968 European Championships in Västerås, Sweden, and 1969 European Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. They placed 12th at the 1968 World Championships in Geneva, Switzerland. They represented Prague.

1968 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1968 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Västerås, Sweden from January 23 to 27. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Karmah (band)
Karmah was an Italian R&B/hip-hop duo with Elisa Bava on lead vocals and JulyB on rap vocals. They were produced by the Italian DJ Gabry Ponte and Dom Capuano. In 2005, they experienced some success in several European countries with a cover of The SOS Band's song "Just Be Good to Me" (feat. Jay Delano), which peaked at #2 on Polish National Top 50 and sampled "Every Breath You Take" by The Police. The band released a follow-up, "Tom's Diner" (a remake of the classic hit by Suzanne Vega) and their debut album, "Be Good To Me".

Suzanne Vega
Suzanne Nadine Vega (née Peck; born July 11, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter of folk-inspired music. Vega's music career spans 40 years. In the mid-1980s and 1990s, she released four singles that entered the Top 40 on the UK singles chart, "Marlene on the Wall", "Left of Center", "Luka" and "No Cheap Thrill".

"Tom's Diner", which was originally released as an a cappella recording on Vega's second studio album, Solitude Standing (1987), was remixed in 1990 as a dance track by English electronic music producers DNA with her vocals, and it became a Top 10 hit in five countries. The original a cappella recording of the song was used as a test during the creation of the MP3 format. The role of her song in the development of the MP3 compression prompted Vega to be given the title of "The Mother of the MP3".

Vega has released ten studio albums; her most recent release is the studio album Flying with Angels, released on May 2, 2025 by Cooking Vinyl.
Eiðar longwave transmitter
The Eiðar longwave transmitter was a facility previously used by RÚV (the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service) for longwave radio broadcasting on 207 kHz with a power of 100 kW. The transmitter was situated at Eiðar near Egilsstaðir in East Iceland. It was demolished in March 2023. At the time of its closure, it used an omnidirectional aerial in the form of a 221-metre (725 ft) tall steel lattice mast radiator insulated against the ground. The transmission site was in use from 1938 until its closure in 2023.

Along with the more powerful Hellissandur longwave transmitter, it formed RÚV's longwave service. It was intended to fill in gaps of the FM radio, serve seafarers and act as a critical communications facility.

Mast radiator
A mast radiator (or radiating tower) is a radio mast or tower in which the metal structure itself is energized and functions as an antenna. This design, first used widely in the 1930s, is commonly used for transmitting antennas operating at low frequencies, in the LF and MF bands, in particular those used for AM radio broadcasting stations. The conductive steel mast is electrically connected to the transmitter. Its base is usually mounted on a nonconductive support to insulate it from the ground.  A mast radiator is a form of monopole antenna.
Operculina turpethum
Operculina turpethum (syn. Ipomoea turpethum) is a species of plant in the morning glory family, known commonly as turpeth, fue vao, and St. Thomas lidpod.

It is large, robust, perennial, herbaceous, and hairy vine growing 4 to 5 meters in length. It is found in India, in the North Circars and Deccan region up to 3000 ft, East Africa, Papua New Guinea and Australia in both Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia, near Shoal Bay and Maria Island.

The leaves are alternate, very variable in shape, ovate, oblong and truncate or cordate at the base approximately 5.5 - 15cm long. Its flowers are white, large, axillary, and solitary. The fruit is a capsule up to 1.5 cm in diametre, with conspicuous enlarged sepals and thickened pedicles.

It is actually not a purgative but a mild laxative.

Vine
A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants.
KALQ keyboard
The KALQ keyboard (dubbed after the order the keys appear in the keyboard, analogous to QWERTY) is a keyboard layout that has been developed by researchers at the Montana Tech, University of St Andrews and the Max Planck Institute for Informatics as a split-screen keyboard for thumb-typing, which is claimed to allow a 34% increase in speed of typing for the people who use touchscreen. KALQ was released as a free app, albeit a beta, for Android-based smartphones. Although the KALQ project received some buzz in tech media, as of early 2017, the latest public version is dated October 2013, and still labelled a beta.

Split screen (computing)
Split screen is a display technique in computer graphics that consists of dividing graphics and/or text into non-overlapping adjacent parts, typically as two or four rectangular areas. This allows for the simultaneous presentation of (usually) related graphical and textual information on a computer display. TV sports adopted this presentation methodology in the 1960s for instant replay.

Non-dynamic split screens differ from windowing systems in that the latter allowed overlapping and freely movable parts of the screen (the "windows") to present both related and unrelated application data to the user. In contrast, split-screen views are strictly limited to fixed positions.

The split screen technique can also be used to run two instances of an application, potentially allowing another user to interact with the second instance.
2018 United States Men's Curling Championship
The 2018 United States Men's Curling Championship was held from March 3 to 10 at the Scheels Arena in Fargo, North Dakota. It was held in conjunction with the 2018 United States Women's Curling Championship.

Fargo, North Dakota
Fargo is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Dakota. The population was 125,990 at the 2020 census and estimated at 136,285 in 2024. Fargo and its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo–Moorhead metropolitan area, which had a population of 248,591 in 2020. It is the county seat of Cass County.

Fargo was founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain. It is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for southeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. North Dakota State University is in the city.
2021–22 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (handball)
The 2021–22 Úrvalsdeild kvenna, known as the Olís-deildin for sponsorship reasons, was the 83rd season of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna, Iceland's premier women's handball league.

KA/Þór are the defending champions, from the 2020–21 season, where they won their first title.

KA/Þór
KA/Þór is a women's handball team located in Akureyri, Iceland. It is a joint team of Knattspyrnufélag Akureyrar (KA) and Þór Akureyri. In 2021, the team won the Icelandic championship for the first time.
Henry of Groitzsch
Henry of Groitzsch (died 31 December 1135) was the second son of Wiprecht of Groitzsch and Judith, daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. He succeeded his father as burggrave of Magdeburg in 1124.

In 1128, he was appointed Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark and in 1131 Margrave of Lusatia and vogt of the abbey of Neuwerk in Halle. He never succeeded in claiming the March of Meissen, which his father had held, against Conrad the Great.

Henry was married to Bertha of Gelnhausen (died after 1137). The marriage was childless. Henry and Bertha founded the monastery of Bürgel in 1133. He died in Mainz.

Burgrave
Burgrave, also rendered as burggrave (from German: Burggraf [ˈbʊʁkˌɡʁaːf] ⓘ, Latin: burgravius, burggravius, burcgravius, burgicomes, also praefectus), was since the medieval period in Europe (mainly Germany) the official title for the ruler of a castle, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a Burgraviate or Burgravate (German Burggrafschaft also Burggrafthum, Latin praefectura).

The burgrave was a "count" in rank (German Graf, Latin comes) equipped with judicial powers, under the direct authority of the emperor or king, or of a territorial imperial state—a prince-bishop or territorial lord. The responsibilities were administrative, military and jurisdictional.

In time the position came to be a purely administrative position held by middle or high ranking civil servants.

A burgrave, who ruled over a substantially large territory, might also have possessed the regality of coinage, and could mint his own regional coins (see silver bracteates).
RT Rail
RT Rail was a small British railway spot-hire company, a subsidiary of Ealing Community Transport (ECT), that specialised in Class 08 shunting locomotives. It was sold in 2008 to British American Railway Services along with ECT's other rail assets. It is now part of the locomotive hire division of their subsidiary company, RMS Locotec. Its fleet was available to hire to both industrial and railway operators. Customers included Bombardier Transportation at Ilford EMU Depot, Freightliner, First ScotRail at Inverness, and Silverlink. The company also owned two Class 73 locomotives, and a single Class 20 locomotive which was placed on loan to the Weardale Railway.

British Rail Class 20
The British Rail Class 20, otherwise known as an English Electric Type 1, is a class of diesel-electric locomotive.  In total, 228 locomotives in the class were built by English Electric between 1957 and 1968, the large number being in part because of the failure of other early designs in the same power range to provide reliable locomotives.

The locomotives were originally numbered D8000–D8199 and D8300–D8327. They are known by railway enthusiasts as "Choppers".
Tree of Life (novel)
Tree of Life: A Novel of the Caribbean (French: La vie scélérate, lit. The Wicked Life) is a 1987 novel by the Guadeloupean writer, Maryse Condé, translated into English in 1992 by Victoria Reiter. The novel tells a multigenerational story about the emergence of the West Indian middle class. It won the Le Prix de l’Académie française in 1988.

West Indian
A West Indian is a native or inhabitant of the West Indies (the Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago). According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the term West Indian in 1597 described the indigenous inhabitants of the West Indies, by 1661 the term defined "an inhabitant or native of the West Indies, of European origin or descent." In the 1950s, coinciding with decolonization and the arrival of Afro-Caribbean migrants in the United Kingdom, West Indian referred to those who were Black. Inclusively, in 1961 all inhabitants of the West Indies Federation were termed West Indian regardless of their descent, besides West Indian Indo-Caribbean people, who were sometimes referred to as East Indian West Indian. The OED now defines it simply as a citizen of any West Indies nation. Some West Indian people reserve this term for citizens or natives of the British West Indies only, to the exclusion of not just the Hispanophones, but also French and Dutch West Indians.
Alfred Hrdlicka
Alfred Hrdlicka (German pronunciation: [ˌalfʁeːt ˈhʁdlɪtʃka]; 27 February 1928 – 5 December 2009) was an Austrian sculptor, painter, and professor. His surname is sometimes written Hrdlička.

He was born in Vienna into the family of a Czech communist and trade unionist. After learning to be a dental technician from 1943 to 1945, Hrdlicka studied painting until 1952 at the Akademie der bildenden Künste under Albert Paris Gütersloh and Josef Dobrowsky. Afterwards he studied sculpture until 1957 under Fritz Wotruba. In 1960 he had his first exhibition in Vienna; in 1964 he attained international attention as a representative of Austria at the Venice Biennale, Italy.

In 2008, his new religious work about the Apostles, Religion, Flesh and Power, attracted criticism about its homoerotic theme. The exhibition was housed in the museum of the St. Stephen's Cathedral of Vienna. He taught many sculptors, such as Hans Sailer, Angela Laich and others.

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
St. Stephen's Cathedral (German: Stephansdom [ˈʃ͡tɛfansˌdoːm]) is a Roman Catholic church in Vienna, Austria, and the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, Josef Grünwidl.

The current Romanesque and Gothic form of the cathedral, seen today in the Stephansplatz, was largely initiated by Duke Rudolf IV (1339–1365) and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches, the first a parish church consecrated in 1147. The most important religious building in Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral has borne witness to many important events in Habsburg and Austrian history and has, with its multi-coloured tile roof, become one of the city's most recognizable symbols. It has 256 stairs from the top to the bottom
Degree of start-stop distortion
In telecommunications, the term degree of start-stop distortion has the following meanings:

In asynchronous serial communication data transmission, the ratio of (a) the absolute value of the maximum measured difference between the actual and theoretical intervals separating any significant instant of modulation (or demodulation) from the significant instant of the start element immediately preceding it to (b) the unit interval.

The highest absolute value of individual distortion affecting the significant instants of a start-stop modulation.

The degree of distortion of a start-stop modulation (or demodulation) is usually expressed as a percentage. Distinction can be made between the degree of late (positive) distortion and the degree of early (negative) distortion.

Absolute value
In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denoted , is the (non-negative) magnitude of  measured without regard to its sign. Namely,  if  is a positive number, and  if  is negative (in which case negating  makes  positive), and . For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero.

Generalisations of the absolute value for real numbers occur in a wide variety of mathematical settings. For example, an absolute value is also defined for the complex numbers, the quaternions, ordered rings, fields and vector spaces. The absolute value is closely related to the notions of magnitude, distance, and norm in various mathematical and physical contexts.
Izabela Trojanowska
Izabela Ludwika Trojanowska (née Schütz; born 22 April 1955) is a Polish rock singer and actress performing in theatre, TV series and films. She is best known for her 1980 hits "Tyle samo prawd ile kłamstw" and "Wszystko czego dziś chcę", and her role in the popular Polish soap opera Klan.

Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy (TV series)
Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy is a Polish comedy television miniseries that aired on TVP1 from 6 April to 18 May 1980. It was based on the 1932 novel of the same title by Polish author Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz.
Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Jennifer Pett-Ridge is an American biologist who is a senior staff scientist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. She also serves as an adjunct professor at the University of California, Merced and at an investigator at the Innovative Genomics Institute. Her research makes use of systems biology and biogeochemistry to uncover function in microbial communities. She was awarded a 2021 United States Department of Energy Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award.

Panicum virgatum
Panicum virgatum, commonly known as switchgrass, is a perennial warm season bunchgrass native to North America, where it occurs naturally from 55°N latitude in Canada southwards into the United States and Mexico. Switchgrass is one of the dominant species of the central North American tallgrass prairie and can be found in remnant prairies, in native grass pastures, and naturalized along roadsides. It is used primarily for soil conservation, forage production, game cover, as an ornamental grass, in phytoremediation projects, fiber, electricity, heat production, for biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and more recently as a biomass crop for the production of ethanol and butanol.

Other common names for switchgrass include tall panic grass, Wobsqua grass, blackbent, tall prairiegrass, wild redtop, thatchgrass, and Virginia switchgrass.
Bishops Waltham Branch LNR
Bishops Waltham Branch LNR is a  1.6-hectare (4.0-acre) local nature reserve in Bishop's Waltham in Hampshire. It is owned and managed by Hampshire County Council.

This site is a 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) footpath along the former railway line from Bishop's Waltham to Botley. The path is lined by trees such as oaks and field maples, and flowering plants including wood avens and herb robert.

The King's Way and Pilgrims' Trail pass through the site.

Geum urbanum
Geum urbanum, also known as wood avens, herb Bennet, colewort, clove root and St. Benedict's herb (Latin: herba benedicta), is a perennial plant in the rose family (Rosaceae), which grows in shady places (such as woodland edges and near hedgerows) in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America.
Max Crawford (writer)
Max Fleming Crawford (August 6, 1938 – October 7, 2010) was an American writer. He was born in Lubbock, Texas, and grew up in Floydada, Texas. 
Crawford was influenced by Ernest Hemingway, Graham Greene, and Malcolm Lowry. His friendships with other writers were a great influence in his life and career as well, including Larry McMurtry, Wendell Berry, Michael Koepf, Raymond Carver, Chuck Kinder, Al Young, Diane Smith, Bill Kittredge, Scott Turow, Jon Jackson and James Crumley.

Malcolm Lowry
Clarence Malcolm Lowry (/ˈlaʊri/; 28 July 1909 – 26 June 1957) was an English poet and novelist who is best known for his 1947 novel Under the Volcano, which was voted No. 11 in the Modern Library's 100 Best Novels list.
Doliće (Sjenica)
Doliće (Serbian Cyrillic: Долиће; Albanian: Dolica) is a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 322 people.

Doliće is one of three Albanian villages (Boroštica, Doliće and Ugao) in the Pešter region. Factors such as some intermarriage undertaken by two generations with the surrounding Bosniak population along with the difficult circumstances of the Yugoslav wars (1990s) made local Albanians opt to refer to themselves in censuses as Bosniaks. Elders in the village still have a degree of fluency in the language.

Albanians in Serbia
Albanians are a recognized ethnic minority in Serbia. According to data from the 2022 census, the population of ethnic Albanians in Serbia is 61,687, constituting 0.9% of the total population. The vast majority of them live in the Preševo Valley, the southernmost part of the country bordering Kosovo and North Macedonia.