hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Purple chip
Purple chip stock is a kind of stock in Hong Kong which is both blue chip (Hang Seng Index constituents) and red chip (state controlled companies incorporated outside of Mainland China) stock listed in Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.
FC Izumrud-Neftyanik Timashyovsk
FC Izumrud-Neftyanik Timashyovsk (Russian: «Изумруд‑Нефтяник» (Тимашёвск)) was a Russian football team from Timashyovsk. It played professionally in 1991 and 1996. Their best result was 10th place in Zone 2 of the Russian Third League in 1996.

Timashevsk
Timashyovsk (Russian: Тимашёвск), sometimes romanized Timashyovsk, is a town and the administrative center of Timashevsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kirpili River 73 kilometers (45 mi) north of Krasnodar, the administrative center of the krai. As of 2020, the city has a population of 50,792.
Cowbane Prairie Natural Area Preserve
Cowbane Prairie Natural Area Preserve is a 156-acre (63 ha) Natural Area Preserve located in Augusta County, Virginia, along the western slope of the Blue Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley.  It preserves both mesic and wet prairie habitats, as well as a calcareous spring-fed marsh; these areas contain eleven regionally rare plants such as queen-of-the-prairie, blueflag iris, and marsh-speedwell.  Although common in the Midwest, these plants occur only at a handful of sites in Virginia.

The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. It does not include improvements for public access, and visitors must make arrangements with a state-employed land steward prior to visiting.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cape Andreyev
Cape Andreyev (68°55′S 155°12′E﻿ / ﻿68.917°S 155.200°E﻿ / -68.917; 155.200) is a cape which marks the southeast limit of the Slava Ice Shelf. Photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1956. Named by the Soviets in 1960 for Professor A.I. Andreyev, investigator of the history of geographic discovery.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Andreyev". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Operation Highjump
Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, (also called Task Force 68), was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN, Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
Algernon Yelverton, 6th Viscount Avonmore
Algernon William Yelverton, 6th Viscount Avonmore (19 November 1866 – 3 September 1910), an Irish nobleman, was the son of Major William Yelverton, 4th Viscount Avonmore, and Emily Marianne Ashworth.

He was a captain of the militia of the Dublin City Artillery branch of the Royal Garrison Artillery from November 1901, and resigned this commission in January 1903.

Lord Avonmore married Mabel Sarah Evans, daughter of George Evans and Jane Fitzgerald, on 17 December 1890 in St. Anne's, Dungannon, County Tyrone, Ireland, and had issue, an only daughter, Evelyn Marianne Mabel Yelverton (1 December 1893 – 16 January 1956). After his death, the viscountcy has been dormant.

Royal Garrison Artillery
The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was formed in 1899 as a distinct arm of the British Army's  Royal Regiment of Artillery serving alongside the other two arms of the Regiment, the Royal Field Artillery (RFA) and the Royal Horse Artillery (RHA).  The RGA were the 'technical' branch of the Royal Artillery who were responsible for much of the professionalisation of technical gunnery that was to occur during the First World War.  It was originally established to man the guns of the British Empire's forts and fortresses, including coastal artillery batteries, the heavy gun batteries attached to each infantry division and the guns of the siege artillery. The RGA was amalgamated with the RFA in 1924, from which time the only two arms within the Royal Regiment of Artillery have been the Royal Artillery and the Royal Horse Artillery.
N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Diwan Bahadur Sir Narasimha Gopalaswami Ayyangar CSI CIE (31 March 1882 – 10 February 1953) was an Indian civil servant and statesman, who served as the Prime Minister of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and later a minister in the first cabinet of independent India. He was a member of the drafting committee of the Constitution of India, the leader of the Rajya Sabha, a 'minister without portfolio' looking after Kashmir Affairs, and the Minister for Railways.

In his Kashmir Affairs role, he represented India at the United Nations Security Council and later drafted the Article 370 of the Indian Constitution that granted autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir.

Sir
Sir is a formal honourific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages. Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exists in French only as part of "Monsieur" lit. 'my lord'.

Traditionally, as governed by law and custom, Sir is used for men who are knights and belong to certain orders of chivalry, as well as later applied to baronets and other offices.

As the female equivalent for knighthood is damehood, the suo jure female equivalent term is typically Dame. The wife of a knight or baronet tends to be addressed as Lady, although a few exceptions and interchanges of these uses exist.

Additionally, since the late modern period, Sir has been used as a respectful way to address a man of superior social status or military rank. Equivalent terms of address for women are Madam (shortened to Ma'am), in addition to social honourifics such as Mrs, Ms, or Miss.
2022–23 Tunisian Super Cup
The 2022–23 Tunisian Super Cup was the 18th edition of the Tunisian Super Cup. The match was contested by the 2022–23 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 champions, Étoile du Sahel and the Tunisian Cup winners, Olympique Béja. The match took place at Stade Hammadi Agrebi in Tunis on 7 January 2024.

Olympique Béja
Olympique de Béja (Arabic: الأولمبي الباجي), known as O Béja or simply OB for short, is a Tunisian football club based in Béja. The club was founded in 1929 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Boujemaa Kmiti Stadium, has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
Mighty Servant
Mighty Servant can refer to:

Mighty Servant 1, a heavy-lift ship

Mighty Servant 2, a heavy-lift ship

Mighty Servant 3, another heavy-lift ship

Mighty Servant of Leuk-o, an artifact in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy campaign setting Greyhawk

Mighty Servant 2
Mighty Servant 2 was a 29,000-ton semi-submersible, heavy-lift ship operated by Dockwise. The ship drew worldwide attention in 1988 for transporting the mine-damaged USS Samuel B. Roberts from Dubai to Newport, Rhode Island.

The ship was built in 1983 by Oshima Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. in Ōshima, Japan, for Dutch shipping firm Wijsmuller Transport, which merged in 1993 with Dock Express Shipping to become Breda-based offshore heavy lifting group Dockwise Shipping B.V. The vessel capsized in 1999 and was scrapped in 2000.
Malanów, Pabianice County
Malanów [maˈlanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutomiersk, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Lutomiersk, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Pabianice, and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pabianice
Pabianice [pabʲaˈɲit͡sɛ] is a city in central Poland with 63,023 inhabitants (2021). Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the capital of Pabianice County. It lies about 10 kilometres (6 miles) southwest of Łódź and belongs to the metropolitan area of that city. It is the third largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship by population. The area of the city covers 32.9 square kilometres (12.7 sq mi), being the 10th largest in Łódź Voivodeship.

According to data from 2009, agricultural land constitutes 53%, of the area and forests another 9%. The city covers 6.70% of Pabianice County.

It is located in the Sieradz Land. Neighbour administrative divisions: gmina Dobroń, gmina Ksawerów, miasto Łódź, gmina Pabianice, gmina Rzgów.
Serie A (women's rugby union)
Serie A is the second division of the national women's rugby union competition in Italy. It was established by the Italian Rugby Federation in 2022, it took over the name from the first division championship, which adopted it for the previous 31 editions before being renamed Eccellenza and then Serie A Elite in 2023.

Calvisano won the inaugural Serie A 2022–23 season.

Women's rugby union
Women's rugby union is a full contact team sport based on running with the ball in hand. The same laws are used in men's rugby union with the same sized pitch and same equipment. Women's rugby has become popular recently. These days, women's rugby is gaining a higher profile thanks to international tournaments' exposure and financial investment.
HD 11343
HD 11343 (HIP 8541) is a wide binary system between HD 11343 A, a K-type borderline giant star, and HD 11343 B, a red dwarf companion, located in the southern constellation of Eridanus about 500 light-years (150 pc) distant. Two gas giant exoplanets are known to orbit the primary star.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
1956 United States presidential election in Kansas
The 1956 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Kansas was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R–Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 65.44 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D–Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 34.21 percent of the popular vote. Eisenhower, as expected, had no trouble carrying his boyhood home state, winning every county in the state except Wyandotte County, having spent his formative years in Abilene.

With 65.44 percent of the popular vote, Kansas proved to be Eisenhower's fifth strongest state after Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire and Nebraska.

Estes Kefauver
Carey Estes Kefauver (/ˈɛstɪs ˈkiːfɔːvər/;
July 26, 1903 – August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1939 to 1949 and in the U.S. Senate from 1949 until his death in 1963. He was the winner of most of the 1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, though he was not nominated at the convention.

After leading a much-publicized investigation into organized crime in the early 1950s, he twice sought his party's nomination for President of the United States. In 1956, he was selected at the Democratic National Convention to be the running mate of presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson. He continued to hold his U.S. Senate seat after the Stevenson–Kefauver ticket lost to the Eisenhower–Nixon ticket. Kefauver was named chair of the U.S. Senate Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee in 1957 and served as its chairman until his death.
Deep Creek (Appomattox River tributary)
Deep Creek is a 30.1-mile-long (48.4 km) tributary of the Appomattox River in the U.S. state of Virginia.  It rises in Nottoway County northwest of Crewe 0.5 miles (0.8 km) west of State Route 49 (Watsons Wood Rd) and flows northeast into Amelia County. SR 153 (Military Road), crosses Deep Creek 3.66 mi (5.89 km) southwest of the creek's mouth. Deep Creek joins the Appomattox River 23 miles (37 km) west of Petersburg.

Virginia State Route 49
State Route 49 (SR 49) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 69.01 miles (111.06 km) from the North Carolina state line in Virgilina, Virginia in Halifax County, where the highway continues south as North Carolina Highway 49 (NC 49), north to U.S. Route 360 (US 360) near Burkeville in Nottoway County.  SR 49 passes through Southside Virginia, connecting Virgilina and Burkeville with Clarksville and Chase City in Mecklenburg County, Victoria in Lunenburg County, and Crewe in Nottoway County.  Via US 360, the state highway connects Richmond with the John H. Kerr Reservoir.
Springfield Armory Echelon
The Springfield Armory Echelon is a polymer frame striker-fired semi-automatic pistol line sold in the United States by Springfield Armory, Inc., and manufactured in Croatia by HS Produkt. Introduced in July 2023, it is chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum and primarily intended for duty sidearm and defensive use and secondary for concealed carry, with 10-, 17- and 20-round magazines.

9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge.

Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability.

Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of 9mm Luger by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (CIP).

A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm [Parabellum]" and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.
Alban Meha
Alban Sylë Meha (born 26 April 1986) is a Kosovan professional footballer and football manager who plays as a midfielder for the Hessenliga club CSC 03 Kassel and serves as the assistant manager of Regionalliga Südwest club Hessen Kassel.

FC Ingolstadt 04
Fußballclub Ingolstadt 04 e. V., commonly known as FC Ingolstadt 04 or FC Ingolstadt, is a German football club based in Ingolstadt, Bavaria. The club was founded in 2004 out of the merger of the football sides of two other clubs:  ESV Ingolstadt-Ringsee 1919 and MTV Ingolstadt 1881.
Bottoms Up (Middle of the Road song)
"Bottoms Up" is a song by Scottish band Middle of the Road, released as a single in September 1972. It failed to chart in the UK, but continued the band's success in Europe, becoming a top-ten hit in several countries. Unlike the version on many CD compilations, the single version has no bagpipes in the intro.

Middle of the Road (band)
Middle of the Road are a Scottish pop group who have enjoyed success across Europe and Latin America since the 1970s. Before ABBA established themselves in the mid-'70s, Middle of the Road were the sound of early Europop with their distinctive harmonies and lead vocals from Sally Carr. Four of their singles sold over one million copies each, and received a gold disc: "Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep". "Sacramento", "Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum" and "Soley Soley". By early 1972 the group had sold over five million records.
Structuralism (psychology)
Structuralism in psychology (also structural psychology) is a theory of consciousness developed by Edward Bradford Titchener. This theory was challenged in the 20th century.

Structuralists seek to analyze the adult mind (the total sum of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components of experience and then to find how these components fit together to form more complex experiences as well as how they correlate to physical events. To do this, structuralists employ introspection: self-reports of sensations, views, feelings, and emotions.

Apperception
Apperception (from the Latin ad-, "to, toward" and percipere, "to perceive, gain, secure, learn, or feel") is any of several aspects of perception and consciousness in such fields as psychology, philosophy and epistemology.
Battle of Paranthan
The Battle of Paranthan was a military conflict over control of Paranthan, Sri Lanka between the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) as an engagement of the Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. Fought from December 30, 2008 to January 1, 2009, the Army announced on the January 1 that it had claimed the land. The Army indicated that it had previously claimed the town in September 1996 during the campaign of Sathjaya I and Sathjaya II, but had withdrawn for tactical reason in September 1998.

Withdrawal (military)
A tactical withdrawal or retreating defensive action is a type of military operation, generally meaning that retreating forces draw back while maintaining contact with the enemy. A withdrawal may be undertaken as part of a general retreat, to consolidate forces, to occupy ground that is more easily defended, force the enemy to overextend to secure a decisive victory, or to lead the enemy into an ambush. It is considered a relatively risky operation, requiring discipline to keep from turning into a disorganized rout or at the very least doing severe damage to the military's morale.
Exponi nobis
Exponi nobis nuper fecisti, known in New Spain as Omnimoda, was a papal bull commissioned by Charles V and promulgated by Adrian VI on 10 May 1522. The bull allowed members of mendicant orders in the New World to exercise "almost all episcopal authority" when no diocesan bishop was within two days' travel. These powers were later confirmed at the Council of Trent.

Under the authority of Omnimoda, missionary priests such as Martín de Valencia and Diego de Landa acted as agents of the Inquisition in the Americas. The bull also gave missionaries the authority to dispense local Catholics from impediments to marriage.

Martín de Valencia
Martín de Valencia was born in Valencia de Don Juan, in the bishopric of Oviedo, Spain, ca. 1474. He died Tlalmanalco, Mexico, 21 March 1534. He was a Spanish Franciscan missionary, leader of the Twelve Apostles of Mexico, the first group of mendicants in New Spain.
Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies
Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies (abbreviated as HAFS; Korean: 용인한국외국어대학교부설고등학교; Hanja: 龍仁韓國外國語大學校附設高等學校) is a private boarding school located in the northern part of Yongin, South Korea, and is the first Korean high school formed by a collaboration between the government and a university. It is the most selective and prestigious boarding school in Korea, renowned for its high academic levels and successful college admission results.

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Jennifer Aaker
Jennifer Aaker (born January 15, 1967) is an American behavioural scientist and General Atlantic Professor and Coulter Family Fellow at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. She is known for her research on time, money, and happiness. Aaker also focuses on the transmission of ideas through social networks, the power of story in decision making, and how to build global brands across cultures. She is the recipient of the Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award from the Society for Consumer Psychology and the Stanford Distinguished Teaching Award.

Behavioural sciences
Behavioural science is the branch of science concerned with theorizing on, categorizing, and judging human behaviour. It sits in the interstice between fields such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, behavioral biology, behavioral genetics and social science. While the term can technically be applied to the study of behaviour amongst all living organisms, it is nearly always used with reference to humans as the primary target of investigation (though animals may be studied in some instances, e.g. invasive techniques).
0-10-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-10-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels on five axles and no trailing wheels. In the United Kingdom, this type is known as a Decapod, a name which is applied to 2-10-0 types in the United States. In the United States, the type is known as ten-coupled.

Driving wheel
On a steam locomotive, a driving wheel is a powered wheel which is driven by the locomotive's pistons (or turbine, in the case of a steam turbine locomotive). On a conventional, non-articulated locomotive, the driving wheels are all coupled together with side rods (also known as coupling rods); normally one pair is directly driven by the main rod, or connecting rod, which is connected to the end of the piston rod; power is transmitted to the others through the side rods.

On diesel and electric locomotives, the driving wheels may be directly driven by the traction motors. Coupling rods are not usually used, and it is quite common for each axle to have its own motor.  Jackshaft drive and coupling rods were used in the past (e.g. in the Swiss Crocodile locomotive) but their use is now confined to shunter locomotives.

On an articulated locomotive or a duplex locomotive, driving wheels are grouped into sets with wheels within each set linked together.