hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nosratollah Jahanshahlou
Nosrat-ollah Jahanshahlou (1913–2012) was a leftist Iranian politician. He was among The Fifty-Three group who were arrested because of their political activities in November 1938 in Iran. After World War II he joined to the separatist movement of Azerbaijan People's Government in Tabriz. During this time he served as the first chancellor of University of Tabriz. After collapse of the Azerbaijani government by the Imperial Iranian Army, he fled to the USSR with couple of other members of Azerbaijani Democratic Party. After 26 years of residing in Soviet Azerbaijan he immigrated to East Germany, then to Switzerland.

University of Tabriz
The University of Tabriz (Persian: دانشگاه تبريز, Dāneshgāh-e Tabriz) is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, with the fundamental aim of creating a center of excellence in higher education and research. It is one of the top five high-ranked universities in Iran and one of the ten most selective universities in the country. The University of Tabriz is the second-oldest university in Iran after the University of Tehran, and has the second largest campus area in the country which is the biggest academic institution in northwest of the country. The university is also a member of the Caucasus University Association.

Today, Funding for the University of Tabriz is provided by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Admission to the university for Iranian applicants is through national entrance examination which is administered annually by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and for international applicants through some exclusive regulations.
2024 Tennis Challenger Hamburg – Doubles
Dennis Novak and Akira Santillan were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Mattia Bellucci and Rémy Bertola won the title after defeating Karol Drzewiecki and Patrik Niklas-Salminen 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Dennis Novak
Dennis Novak (German pronunciation: [ˈdɛnɪs ˈnoːvak]; born 28 August 1993, in Wiener Neustadt) is an Austrian former professional tennis player. Novak achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 85 in March 2020.
Eupithecia ochridata
Eupithecia ochridata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in most of Europe, except Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux, France, Portugal, Austria, Croatia, and northern Russia. It is also present in the eastern Palearctic realm and the Near East.

The wingspan is about 18–20 mm.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris.

Artemisia campestris
Artemisia campestris is a common and widespread species of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It is native to a wide region of Eurasia and North America. Common names include field wormwood, beach wormwood, northern wormwood, Breckland wormwood, boreal wormwood, Canadian wormwood, field sagewort and field mugwort.

Artemisia campestris is a branching, aromatic plant up to 150 cm (5 ft) tall. It grows in open sites on dry sandy soils, in steppes, rocky slopes, and waste areas.
Periscope
A periscope is an device for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.

In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end set parallel to each other at a 45° angle. This form of periscopic device, with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in the trenches during World War I. Military personnel also use periscopes in some gun turrets and in armoured vehicles.

More complex periscopes using prisms or advanced fiber optics instead of mirrors and providing magnification operate on submarines and in various fields of science. The overall design of the classical submarine periscope is very simple: two telescopes pointed into each other. If the two telescopes have different individual magnification, the difference between them causes an overall magnification or reduction.

Simon Lake
Simon Lake (September 4, 1866 – June 23, 1945) was a Quaker American mechanical engineer and naval architect who obtained over two hundred patents for advances in naval design and competed with John Philip Holland to build the first submarines for the United States Navy.
Herrera station
Herrera is a railway station in San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain. It is owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea and operated by Euskotren. It lies on the San Sebastián-Hendaye railway, popularly known as the Topo line. The Cercanías San Sebastián station of the same name is located close to the Euskotren station, but the two are not connected.

Euskal Trenbide Sarea
Euskal Trenbide Sarea (Basque for 'Basque Railway Network', Spanish: Red Ferroviaria Vasca), commonly known by its acronym ETS, is a railway infrastructure manager operating in the Basque Country, Spain. The company was formed in 2004, but the railway infrastructure it operates was transferred from Euskotren in 2006. It is a member of the International Union of Railways.

The company owns the network in which Euskotren operates (including the Irauregi–Lutxana and Ariz–Basurto freight lines), as well as the infrastructure of the Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz tram systems. It also shares the ownership of lines 1 and 2 of the Bilbao metro with the Biscay Transport Consortium. The company is also building the Gipuzkoan branch of the Basque Y high-speed line under an agreement with ADIF.
Declan Prendergast
Declan Prendergast (born 4 October 1981) is an Irish hurler who played as a left wing-back at senior level for the Waterford county team.

Prendergast joined the team during the 2001 National League and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement prior to the 2012 championship. During that time he won three Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal. Prendergast ended up as an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level Prendergast is a dual player with Ardmore.

His brother, Séamus Prendergast, also played inter-county hurling with Waterford.

2001 National Hurling League
The 2001 National Hurling League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Allianz National Hurling League, was the 70th edition of the National Hurling League (NHL), an annual hurling competition for the GAA county teams. Tipperary  won the league, beating Clare in the final.
Seblak
Seblak (Sundanese: ᮞᮨᮘᮣᮊ᮪, Sundanese pronunciation: [səblak]) is a Sundanese savoury and spicy dish, originating from the Sundanese people in Indonesia. Made of wet kurupuk (traditional Indonesian crackers) cooked with protein sources (egg, chicken, seafood or beef) in spicy sauce. Seblak is a specialty of Bandung city, West Java, Indonesia. Seblak can be acquired from restaurants, warungs or gerobak (cart) street vendors. It is one of the most popular street foods in Indonesia, especially in Bandung and Jakarta.

Sundanese script
Standard Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ) is a traditional writing system used by the Sundanese people to write the Sundanese language. It is based on the Old Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Kuno) which was used from the 14th to the 18th centuries.
Moment (Dark Tranquillity album)
Moment is the twelfth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity, being released on 20 November 2020 via Century Media Records. The album is the band's first to include guitarist Johan Reinholdz, the final with founding drummer Anders Jivarp and bassist Anders Iwers, who left the band in August 2021, and the only with guitarist Christopher Amott before his departure in July 2023. It is also the first release since We Are The Void (2010) to be recorded as a six-piece.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Steve Clark
Stephen Maynard Clark (23 April 1960 – 8 January 1991) was an English musician. He was a guitarist and songwriter for the hard rock band Def Leppard until his death in 1991. In 2007, Clark was ranked No. 11 on Classic Rock Magazine's "100 Wildest Guitar Heroes". In 2019, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Def Leppard.

Viva! Hysteria
Viva! Hysteria is a double live album by the English rock band Def Leppard released on the 22 October 2013. The album was recorded on 29 and 30 March 2013 during the band's residency of the same name at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Las Vegas).
Ronald Brautigam
Ronald Brautigam (born 1 October 1954) is a Dutch concert pianist, best known for his performances of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven's piano works on the fortepiano.

Born in Amsterdam, Brautigam studied there with Jan Wijn (1971-79), then he left to study in London with John Bingham (1980-82) and in the United States with Rudolf Serkin (1982-83). His skill as a pianist was recognised by Dutch musicians and in 1984 he was awarded the Nederlandse Muziekprijs. In 2015 his Beethoven recordings received the Edison Award and the annual German Record Critics' Prize.

Brautigam resides in Amsterdam with his wife Mary. Since September 2011, he has been a professor in the University of Music of the Basel Music Academy.

Nederlandse Muziekprijs
The Nederlandse Muziekprijs (literal translation, Dutch Music Prize) is an honour bestowed by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science to a musician working in classical music.  It is the highest such honour in Dutch music.

The Nederlandse Muziekprijs is awarded on the recommendation of the Advisory Committee for the Dutch Music Prize.  The Fund for Amateur Art and Performing Arts (Fonds Amateurkunst en Podiumkunsten; FAPK) initially dispersed the awards.  Beginning in 2007, by the Dutch Fund for Performing Arts+ (Nederlands Fonds voor Podiumkunsten) supervised the awards.  In 2010, the Performing Arts Fund (Fonds Podiumkunsten) took over the awards.  The advisory committee follows the candidate for a period of two years, during which the candidate undertakes a study program agreed by the committee. At the end of the study process, the committee decides after a concert or exam whether to award the prize.
Great Nephew
Great Nephew (1963 – 31 May 1986) was a British thoroughbred who became a champion miler in France. He was also a very successful sire, producing two Derby winners. Great Nephew was trained as a two-year-old and for part of the following season by Jack Jarvis. After finishing second in the 2000 Guineas, he was transferred to France to be trained by Etienne Pollet.

Jack Jarvis
Sir John Layton Jarvis (27 December 1887 – 20 June 1968) was a British trainer of racehorses. Born into a racing family, Jarvis had a brief but successful career as a jockey before taking up training. He was one of the most prominent British trainers of the mid 20th century, winning nine British Classic Races and being the British flat racing Champion Trainer on three occasions. In 1967 he became the first trainer to be knighted for services to horse racing.
Di Teramo
The Di Teramo is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the province of Teramo, in Abruzzo in southern Italy, and is raised only in that area. Numbers are very low; the breed was listed as endangered by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2007. It is further threatened by cross-breeding with the Garganica breed.

The Di Teramo is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. Numbers were estimated at 500 in 1983; at the end of 2013 the registered population was 58.

Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia
The Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, or roughly "national association of pastoralists", is the Italian national body responsible for the administration of sheep- and goat-breeding. It maintains the herd books for more than a hundred indigenous breeds of sheep and goats. It records breed numbers and submits them twice yearly to DAD-IS, and keeps records for all breeders of sheep and goats in the country.
Calaveras Big Trees State Park
Calaveras Big Trees State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving two groves of giant sequoia trees.  Located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Arnold, California in the middle elevations of the Sierra Nevada, it has been a major tourist attraction since 1852, when the existence of the trees was first widely reported. Two famous exhibition trees, the Discovery Tree and the Mother of the Forest, were felled for display. It is also considered the longest continuously operated tourist attraction in California.

Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.
1965 Campeonato Carioca
The 1965 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on September 11, 1965 and ended on December 19, 1965. It was organized by FCF (Federação Carioca de Futebol, or Carioca Football Federation). Eight teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 15th time. no teams were relegated.

Campeonato Carioca
The Campeonato Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (English: Rio de Janeiro State Championship), most known as Campeonato Carioca and commonly as the Cariocão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is run by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation (FERJ).

The first season of the Campeonato Carioca was played in 1906. Rivalries amongst four of the most prestigious Brazilian teams (Botafogo, Flamengo, Fluminense and Vasco da Gama) have marked the history of the competition. Flamengo leads the title count with 39, followed by Fluminense (33), Vasco da Gama (24), Botafogo (21), America (7), Bangu (2), São Cristóvão and Paissandu (1 each).
Leonardo D'Imporzano
Leonardo D'Imporzano (born March 19, 1982, in La Spezia, Italy) is an Italian free-diver, an AIDA International Judge, underwater journalist, researcher conservationist, and TV personality.
Pioneer of freediving under ice, he achieves the best performance under ice in Dynamic without fins at Smeraldo Lake in Val di Non (Trento, Italy) 24 February 2008 with 43 metres.

With his team he has carried out in hyperbaric and diving medicine research, with the first-ever electrocardiogram under ice and the deepest electrocardiogram.

AIDA International
Association Internationale pour le Développement de l'Apnée (AIDA) (English: International Association for the Development of Apnea) is a worldwide rule- and record-keeping body for competitive breath holding events, also known as freediving. It sets standards for safety, comparability of Official World Record attempts and freedive education. AIDA International is the parent organization for national clubs of the same name. AIDA World Championships are periodically held.
Robert Stephen Adamson
Robert Stephen Adamson (2 March 1885 – 6 November 1965) was a British botanist. He was a fellow of Linnean Society (elected in 1956), the British Ecological Society and the Royal Society of South Africa and its President in 1946-1948.

The standard author abbreviation Adamson is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Adamson is commemorated in the specific epithet adamsonii.

Royal Society of South Africa
The Royal Society of South Africa is a learned society composed of eminent South African scientists and academics. The society was granted its royal charter by King Edward VII in 1908, nearly a century after Capetonians first began to conceive of a national scholarly society. The 1877 founder and first president of the society was Sir Bartle Frere (1815–1884).

Fellows are entitled to the post-nominal letters FRSSAf.
Mudiriyah
A mudiriyah (Arabic: مديرية, romanized: mudīriyya, lit. 'directorate'; plural: مديريات, romanized: mudīriyyāt), also known in English as mudirate and often translated as "province", is an administrative subdivision formerly used in Egypt and in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and still in use in Yemen.  The Egyptian mudiriyat were subdivided into marākiz, or districts. In modern Egypt, these subdivisions were replaced by governorates (muhafazat).

Muhafazah
A muḥāfaẓah is a first-level administrative division of many Arab countries, and a second-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia. The term is usually translated as "governorate", and occasionally as "province".

It comes from the Arabic root ح-ا-ف-ظ, ḥ-ā-f-ẓ, (verb: حافظ, ḥāfaẓa), which means to "keep" and "guard".

The head of a muḥāfaẓah is a governor (Arabic: مُحَافِظ, muḥāfiẓ) .

The governorates of Tunisia are wilāyah in Arabic.
Medical error
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This might include an inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis or treatment of a disease, injury, syndrome, behavior, infection, or other ailments.

The incidence of medical errors varies depending on the setting. The World Health Organization has named adverse outcomes due to patient care that is unsafe as the 14th causes of disability and death in the world, with an estimated 1/300 people may be harmed by healthcare practices around the world.

Injury
Injury is physiological damage to the living tissue of any organism, whether in humans, in other animals, or in plants.

Injuries can be caused in many ways, including mechanically with penetration by sharp objects such as teeth or with blunt objects, by heat or cold, or by venoms and biotoxins. Injury prompts an inflammatory response in many taxa of animals; this prompts wound healing. In both plants and animals, substances are often released to help to occlude the wound, limiting loss of fluids and the entry of pathogens such as bacteria. Many organisms secrete antimicrobial chemicals which limit wound infection; in addition, animals have a variety of immune responses for the same purpose. Both plants and animals have regrowth mechanisms which may result in complete or partial healing over the injury. Cells too can repair damage to a certain degree.
Charles Wenzel
Charles Frederic Wenzel (1769–19th century) was a German Lutheran missionary who worked in Sierra Leone.  He worked under the auspices of the Anglican Church Missionary Society (CMS).

Wenzel was from Breslau, Silesia and attended a seminary in Berlin. He left for England in 1807, where he presented himself to the CMS who found him suitable missionary material.: 238

In 1816, he was appointed to the missionary facilities at Kissy, Sierra Leone. This village had been founded to accommodate liberated enslaved Africans who had been freed by the Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron. In 1818, Wenzel ran a school at which 74 boys and 72 girls attended.

He married Frances Beverhout, the daughter of Henry Beverhout.: 177  Gustavus Reinhold Nyländer was his brother-in-law.

Kissy, Sierra Leone
Kissy is a neighbourhood located in the East End of the capital, Freetown, in Sierra Leone. It is known for its various health services, including the United Methodist Church Health and Maternity ward, as well as Kissy Mental Hospital. Additionally, Kissy is home to over 500 Liberian refugees. In Kissy Village, you can find the Kissy Road Church of the Holy Trinity, which should not be confused with the Church of the Holy Trinity on Kissy Road. The latter was burned down by RUF rebel forces in 1999, but a restoration plan was implemented, successfully restoring the building. Moreover, the church on Kissy Road operated a school.
Pallas Karting
The Pallas Karting, Pallas Karting Tynagh is a tarmac karting track near Loughrea, County Galway in Ireland. There is also a track configuration designed for rally and rallycross events.

There are three track configurations: 500m beginners track, a 1500m advanced track, and a 2200m Rally track.

Every year since 1999, Pallas Karting has hosted the National Karting Championships. In recent years, Pallas Karting secured the hosting of Rally Sprint events, and also hosted a round of Irish Rallycross Championship in 2019. Motor clubs such as Galway Motor Club and Ballynasloe Vintage Club have held events in Pallas Karting track. The track is approved by Motorsport Ireland.

Kart racing
Kart racing or karting is a motorsport discipline using open-wheel, four-wheeled vehicles known as go-karts or shifter karts. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits, although some professional kart races are also held on full-size motorsport circuits. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher ranks of motorsports. Most modern Formula One drivers, including Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Nico Rosberg, and Max Verstappen, have begun their racing careers in karting. NASCAR Cup driver Connor Zilisch also got his start in karting.

Karts vary widely in speed, and some (known as superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph), while recreational go-karts intended for the general public may be limited to lower speeds.
Futon
A futon (布団) is a traditional Japanese style of bedding.

A complete futon set consists of a mattress (敷き布団, shikibuton; lit. "spreading futon") and a duvet (掛け布団, kakebuton; lit. "covering futon"). Both elements of a futon bedding set are pliable enough to be folded and stored away in a large closet (押入れ, oshiire) during the day. This allows a room to serve as a bedroom at night, but serve other purposes during the day.

Traditionally, futons are used on tatami, a type of mat used as a flooring material. It also provides a softer base than wooden or stone floors. Futons must be aired regularly to prevent mold from developing, and to keep the futon free of mites. Throughout Japan, futons can commonly be seen hanging over balconies, airing in the sun. Futon dryers may be used by those unable to hang out their futon.

Mat
A mat is a hard or soft floor covering that generally is placed on a floor or other flat surface. Mats serve a range of purposes including:

serving to clean items passed over it, such as a doormat, which removes dirt from the soles of shoes

protecting that which is above the mat, such as a wrestling or gymnastics mat, or an anti-vibration mat

protecting that which is beneath the mat, such as a place mat
Strepsodiscus
Strepsodiscus is an extinct genus of very primitive fossil snail-like molluscs from the early part of the Late Cambrian (Dresbachian Age) of North America. The coiled, slightly asymmetrical shells are about 3 mm in height. It is not known whether these are shells of gastropods (sea snails) or monoplacophorans, which are more primitive mollusks.

Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) divide the Bellerophontoidea  into 8 families listed Paleozoic molluscs with isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position within Mollusca (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)

Knight, et al., 1960 included this genus within the Cyrtolitidae, a paraphyletic or polyphyletic assemblage of proto-gastropods and Tergomyan molluscs.  Strepsodiscus may be too primitive to be a true gastropod.

Monoplacophora
Monoplacophora /ˌmɒnoʊpləˈkɒfərə/, meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic class of molluscs with a cap-like shell, inhabiting deep sea environments. Extant representatives were not recognized as such until 1952; previously they were known only from the fossil record, and were thought to have become extinct 375 million years ago.

Although the shell of many monoplacophorans is limpet-like in shape, they are not gastropods, nor do they have any close relation to gastropods.