hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1982 Maryland House of Delegates election
The 1982 Maryland House of Delegates elections were held on November 2, 1982, as part of the 1982 United States elections, including the 1982 Maryland gubernatorial election. All 141 of Maryland's state delegates were up for reelection.

Leading up to the 1982 elections, Republicans were hopeful to gain seats in the legislature, citing Lawrence Hogan and Robert A. Pascal leading the party's ticket in the U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections, and Ronald Reagan's strong performance in the state during the 1980 United States presidential election and subsequent legislative accomplishments. However, the elections provided to be a major setback for the party as they were only able to gain two seats from the Democratic Party, and Hogan and Pascal lost their elections in landslides.

Maryland Democratic Party
The Maryland Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Maryland, headquartered in Annapolis. The current state party chair is Steuart Pittman. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling all but one of Maryland's eight U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, all statewide executive offices and supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
1679 Armenia earthquake
The 1679 Armenia earthquake (also called Yerevan earthquake or Garni earthquake) took place on June 4 in the Yerevan region of Armenia, then part of the Safavid Iran.

Numerous buildings were destroyed as a result of the earthquake. In Yerevan most notable structures were damaged. The Yerevan Fortress was destroyed, so were the following churches: Poghos-Petros, Katoghike, Zoravor and the Gethsemane Chapel.

Furthermore, the nearby Kanaker village was destroyed. The classical Hellenistic Temple of Garni also collapsed. Among many churches and monasteries that were reduced to ruins were Havuts Tar, Saint Sargis Monastery of Ushi, Hovhannavank, Geghard, and Khor Virap.

Hovhannavank
Hovhannavank, also Yovhannavank‘ (Armenian: Հովհաննավանք) is a medieval monastery located in the village of Ohanavan in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. The monastery stands on the edge of the Kasagh River canyon, and its territory is adjacent to the village of Ohanavan. The deep gorge is carved by the Kasagh River.
Balys Gajauskas
Balys Gajauskas (24 February 1926 – 28 September 2017) was a Lithuanian politician.  In 1990 he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.  In 1978 he became a prisoner of conscience after being sentenced for "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" by the Supreme Court of the Lithuanian SSR. Before that he had served a 25-year sentence for having participated in the Lithuanian anti-Soviet resistance, being released in 1973.

Supreme Court of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Supreme Court of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian: Lietuvos SSR Aukščiausiasis Teismas) was the supreme judicial organ of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. It replaced the Supreme Tribunal of Lithuania in 1940, and was replaced by the Supreme Court of Lithuania in 1990. For most of the Soviet period, there were only two levels of courts in Lithuania – the People's Courts and the Supreme Court.
Fairplay, Pennsylvania
Fairplay is a populated place in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located between the Gettysburg Battlefield and the Mason–Dixon line at the intersection of U.S. Route 15 and the Emmitsburg Road, near Marsh Creek, in Freedom Township.  Moritz' Tavern at the intersection was the site of General John F. Reynolds' headquarters the night before the Battle of Gettysburg.

U.S. Route 15 in Pennsylvania
U.S. Route 15 (US 15) is United States Numbered Highway that runs from Walterboro, South Carolina, north to Painted Post, New York. In Pennsylvania, the highway runs for 194.89 miles (313.65 km), from the Maryland state line just south of Gettysburg, north to the New York state line near Lawrenceville.
Tatsuno Station (Nagano)
Tatsuno Station (辰野駅, Tatsuno-eki) is a railway station in the town of Tatsuno, Kamiina District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan jointly operated by JR Central and JR East. It is managed by JR East. The station also has a freight terminal for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

Kamiina District, Nagano
Kamiina (上伊那郡, Kamiina-gun) is a district located in southern Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of May 2008, the district has an estimated population of 86,453 with a density of 168 persons per km2. The total area is 514.55 km2.

On the other hand, if the cities of Ina and Komagane were included, the area will be known as the Kamiina Region.
Dichotomy
A dichotomy (/daɪˈkɒtəmi/) is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be

jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and

mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts.

If there is a concept A, and it is split into parts B and not-B, then the parts form a dichotomy: they are mutually exclusive, since no part of B is contained in not-B and vice versa, and they are jointly exhaustive, since they cover all of A, and together again give A.

Such a partition is also frequently called a bipartition. The two parts thus formed are complements. In logic, the partitions are opposites if there exists a proposition such that it holds over one and not the other. Treating continuous variables or multicategorical variables as binary variables is called dichotomization. The discretization error inherent in dichotomization is temporarily ignored for modeling purposes.

Complement (set theory)
In set theory, the complement of a set A, often denoted by  (or A′), is the set of elements not in A.

When all elements in the universe, i.e. all elements under consideration, are considered to be members of a given set U, the absolute complement of A is the set of elements in U that are not in A.

The relative complement of A with respect to a set B, also termed the set difference of B and A, written  is the set of elements in B that are not in A.
Actinodaphne
Actinodaphne is an Asian genus of flowering plants in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It contains approximately 125 species of dioecious evergreen trees and shrubs.

Species range across tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, Japan, New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands, and Fiji. There are 17 Chinese species, 13 of which are endemic.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Anton Eichholzer
Anton "Toni" Eichholzer (14 March 1903 - 19 March 1961
) was an Austrian boxer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1924 he was eliminated in the first round of the lightweight class after losing his fight to Haakon Hansen.

Boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Lightweight
The men's lightweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1924 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the fourth-lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 135.5 pounds (61.2 kilograms). The competition was held from July 16, 1924 to July 20, 1924. 30 boxers from 22 nations competed.
Old Fort, Quebec
Vieux Fort (also known as Old Fort) is an unconstituted locality within the municipality of Bonne-Espérance in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. It is also known as Old Fort Bay or Vieux-Fort (the latter is preferred by the Commission de toponymie du Québec).

Commission de toponymie du Québec
The Commission de toponymie du Québec (French pronunciation: [kɔmisjɔ̃ də tɔpɔnimi dy kebɛk], Toponymy Commission of Québec) is the Government of Québec's public body responsible for cataloging, preserving, making official and publicizing Québec's place names and their origins according to the province's toponymy rules. 
It also provides recommendations to the government with regard to toponymic changes.

Its mandate covers the namings of:

natural geographical features (lakes, rivers, mountains, etc.)

constructed features (dams, embankments, bridges, etc.)

administrative units (wildlife sanctuaries, administrative regions, parks, etc.)

inhabited areas (villages, towns, Indian reserves, etc.)

roadways (streets, roads, boulevards, etc.)

A child agency of the Office québécois de la langue française, it was created in 1977 through jurisdiction defined in the Charter of the French Language to replace the Commission of Geography, created in 1912.
Tulsky (rural locality)
Tulsky (Russian: Ту́льский; masculine), Tulskaya (Ту́льская; feminine), or Tulskoye (Ту́льское; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.

Modern localities

Tulsky, Republic of Adygea, a settlement in Maykopsky District of the Republic of Adygea

Tulsky, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Samoylovsky District of Saratov Oblast

Tulskoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Borodinsky Selsoviet of Rybinsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Tulskoye, Lipetsk Oblast, a selo in Tulsky Selsoviet of Terbunsky District of Lipetsk Oblast

Historical names

Tulskaya, name of Tulsky, Republic of Adygea, until 1963

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
3rd Saskatchewan Legislature
The 3rd Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan was elected in the Saskatchewan general election held in July 1912. The assembly sat from November 14, 1912, to June 2, 1917. The Liberal Party led by Walter Scott formed the government. Scott resigned as premier on October 16, 1916, and was succeeded by William Melville Martin. The Conservative Party of Saskatchewan led by Wellington Willoughby formed the official opposition.

John Albert Sheppard served as speaker for the assembly until October 1916. Robert Menzies Mitchell became speaker in 1917.

1912 Saskatchewan general election
The 1912 Saskatchewan general election was held on July 11, 1912 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Premier Walter Scott led the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan to a third term in office with a significant increase in the share of the popular vote. The opposition, now renamed from the Provincial Rights Party to the Conservative Party of Saskatchewan and led by Wellington Bartley Willoughby, lost both votes and seats in the legislature.
Sun Life & Provincial Holdings
Sun Life & Provincial Holdings plc was a large British insurance company. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.  It was acquired by French insurance company Axa Group in 1996.

FTSE 100 Index
The Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index, also called the FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100, FTSE or, informally, the "Footsie" /ˈfʊtsi/, is one of the United Kingdom's best-known stock market indices and represents the 100 most highly capitalised blue chips listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Artificial intimacy
Artificial intimacy is a form of human-AI interaction in which an individual will form social connections, emotional bonds, or intimate relationships with various forms of artificial intelligence, including chatbots, virtual assistants, and other artificial entities. Artificially intimate relationships include not only romances, but parasocial relationships with virtual AI characters and the use of griefbots trained on a dead or otherwise lost individual. Artificial intimacy can arise because humans are prone to anthropomorphism. Responses from these AI models are often designed to simulate human interaction. Individuals experiencing artificial intimacy may exhibit attachment, love and commitment to certain AI models, akin to the bonds typically shared between humans.

Human bonding
Human bonding is the process of development of a close interpersonal relationship between two or more people. It most commonly takes place between family members or friends, but can also develop among groups, such as sporting teams and whenever people spend time together. Bonding is a mutual, interactive process, and is different from simple liking. It is the process of nurturing social connection.

Bonding typically refers to the process of attachment that develops between romantic or platonic partners, close friends, or parents and children. This bond is characterised by emotions such as affection and trust. Any two people who spend time together may form a bond. Male bonding refers to the establishment of relationships between men through shared activities. The term female bonding refers to the formation of close personal relationships between women. Cross-sex friendships refers to personal relationships between men and women.
Finlaystone House
Finlaystone House is a mansion and estate in the Inverclyde council area and historic county of Renfrewshire. It lies near the southern bank of the Firth of Clyde, beside the village of Langbank, in the west central Lowlands of Scotland.

Finlaystone was a property of the Dennistoun family, and passed to the Cunninghams in the 15th century. It was the seat of the Earl of Glencairn until 1796, and is now the property of the Chief of Clan MacMillan. The house is protected as a category A listed building, and the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens.

Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland
The Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland is a listing of gardens and designed landscapes of national artistic and/or historical significance, in Scotland. The Inventory was originally compiled in 1987, although it is a continually evolving list. From 1991 it was maintained by Historic Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage, and is now updated by a dedicated team within Historic Environment Scotland. As of 2016 the Inventory includes over 300 sites across Scotland.
Sherman Dillard
Sherman Dillard (born September 1, 1955) is an American former basketball player and current coach. He was a head men's basketball coach at Indiana State University and at James Madison as well as an assistant at Maryland, California and Georgia Tech. He was an assistant basketball coach at the University of Iowa from 2010 to 2025 under head coach Fran McCaffery.  Prior to being hired at Iowa in May 2010, he was a basketball representative for Nike.

Dillard was the sixth round pick in the 1978 NBA draft by the Indiana Pacers.

He resigned his position at Indiana State in order to replace Lefty Driesell at his alma mater, James Madison University.  He had previously worked as an assistant coach for Lefty at the University of Maryland in the early 1980s.

James Madison University
James Madison University (JMU, Madison, or James Madison) is a public research university in Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1908, the institution was renamed in 1938 in honor of the fourth president of the United States, James Madison. It has since expanded from its origins as a normal school and teacher's college into a comprehensive university. It is situated in the Shenandoah Valley, just west of Massanutten Mountain.
Shams al-Din Muhammad
Shams al-Din Muhammad (Arabic: شمس الدین محمد) can refer to:

Suzani Samarqandi (d. 1166), Persian poet

Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (d. 1188), Zengid military commander

Shams Tabrizi (1185–1248), Persian poet and teacher of Rumi

Shams-uddin Muhammad Kurt I (d. 1278), second ruler of the Kurt dynasty

Shams al-Din Muhammad (Nizari imam) (d. c. 1310), 28th Nizari imam

Shams al-Din Muhammad (Mihrabanid malik), (d. c. 1495) ruler of Sistan

Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (Arabic: شمس الدين ابن المقدم; died at Mount Arafat on 9 February 1188) was the 1st Emir of Baalbek under Ayyubid Dynasty, Although he was not from Ayyubid origin. He was a military commander first in the service of Nur ad-Din, the Zengid ruler of Syria and Iraq, later of Saladin, the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, Syria and Iraq.
2016 San Jose City Council election
The 2016 San Jose City Council election took place on June 7, 2016, to elect five of the ten seats of the San Jose City Council, with runoff elections taking place on November 8, 2016. Runoffs only occurred if no candidate received more than 50% of the votes cast in the contest. Local elections in California are officially nonpartisan. Each councilmember is term-limited after two consecutive terms in office.

United Association
The United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada, commonly known as the United Association (UA), is a labor union which represents workers in the plumbing and pipefitting industries in the United States and Canada.
A Nightmare on Elm Street (comics)
The popularity of the A Nightmare on Elm Street film series has led to several comic book series published by Marvel Comics, Innovation Publishing, Trident Comics, Avatar Press and WildStorm Productions. After the success of Freddy vs. Jason and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake film in 2003, New Line Cinema created their House of Horror licensing division which licensed the A Nightmare on Elm Street franchise to Avatar Press for use in new comic book stories, the first of which was published in 2005. In 2006, Avatar Press lost the license to DC Comics imprint, WildStorm Productions which then published several new stories based on the franchise before their license expired as well.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
John Cloake
John Cloake CMG FSA (2 December 1924 – 9 July 2014) was a historian and author of several works mostly relating to the local history of Richmond upon Thames and surrounding areas. He was also a former United Kingdom diplomatic representative in Bulgaria.

Orleans House
Orleans House was a Palladian villa built by the architect John James in 1710 near the Thames at Twickenham, England, for the politician and diplomat James Johnston. It was subsequently named after Louis-Phillipe, Duke of Orléans (later last King of France) who stayed there in the early 19th century. By the early 20th century it was derelict and in 1926 it was mostly demolished. However, parts of the property, including a baroque octagonal room designed by architect James Gibbs, were preserved. The octagon room and its service wing are listed Grade I by Historic England and, together, with a converted stable block,  are now the Orleans House Gallery, a gallery of art relating to the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and neighbouring areas of London.
Parsemus Foundation
The Parsemus Foundation is an American non-governmental organization whose objective is to advance low-cost evidence-based medicines not pursued by the pharmaceutical industry. The foundation's focus is on supporting small proof-of-concept studies and then pursuing press coverage of the results, so that the advances change treatment practice rather than disappearing into the scientific literature. Many of the studies supported involve low-cost approaches that are not under patent.

Proof of concept
A proof of concept (POC or PoC), also known as proof of principle, is an inchoate realization of a certain idea or method in order to demonstrate its feasibility or viability. A proof of concept is usually small and may or may not be complete, but aims to demonstrate in principle that the concept has practical potential without needing to fully develop it.

A proof of value (PoV) is sometimes used along proof of concept, and differs by focusing more on demonstrating the potential customer use case and value, and is usually less in-depth than a proof of concept.
Lumiliximab
Lumiliximab is an IgG1k monoclonal antibody that targets CD23. It acts as an immunomodulator and was awarded orphan drug status and fast track designation by the FDA.

It was investigated in Phase II/III clinical trials for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It has also been studied for use in allergic asthma. The drug is a chimeric antibody from Macaca irus and Homo sapiens.

Lumiliximab was developed by IDEC Pharmaceuticals, which was acquired by Biogen.
Clinical trials for CLL were terminated in 2010, and for allergic asthma in 2007. Results published from the CLL clinical trial failed to meet primary endpoints.

CD23
CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. Unlike many of the antibody receptors, CD23 is a C-type lectin. It is found on mature B cells, activated macrophages, eosinophils, follicular dendritic cells, and platelets.

There are two forms of CD23: CD23a and CD23b.  CD23a is present on follicular B cells, whereas CD23b requires IL-4 to be expressed on T-cells, monocytes, Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and macrophages.
Gentleman Jim (film)
Gentleman Jim is a 1942 film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Errol Flynn as heavyweight boxing champion James J. Corbett (1866–1933). The supporting cast includes Alexis Smith, Jack Carson, Alan Hale, William Frawley, and Ward Bond as John L. Sullivan. The movie was based upon Corbett's 1894 autobiography, The Roar of the Crowd. The role was one of Flynn's favorites.

Raoul Walsh
Raoul Walsh (born Albert Edward Walsh; March 11, 1887 – December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), and the brother of silent cinema actor George Walsh. He portrayed John Wilkes Booth in the silent film The Birth of a Nation (1915) and directed the widescreen epic The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne in his first leading role, The Roaring Twenties starring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. He directed his last film in 1964. His work has been noted as influences on directors such as Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Martin Scorsese.