hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jude Patrick Dougherty
Jude Patrick Dougherty KSG (July 21, 1930 – March 6, 2021) was an American philosopher, Dean Emeritus of the School of Philosophy at the Catholic University of America, and Editor-in-Chief for 44 years of The Review of Metaphysics.

Pontifical Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas
The Pontifical Academy of Saint Thomas Aquinas (PAST; Latin: Pontificia Academia Sancti Thomae Aquinati) is a pontifical academy established on 15 October 1879 by Pope Leo XIII. The academy is one of the pontifical academies housed along with the academies of science at Casina Pio IV in Vatican City, Rome.
Cologne Fechtbuch
The Cologne Fechtbuch  (Kölner Fechtbuch) is a historical martial arts manual, formerly kept at the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne (Best. 7020, 150; formerly W* 8 150, still earlier W. IX 16, from the collection of Ferdinand Franz Wallraf). It was lost, presumably destroyed, in the collapse of the building on 3 March 2009.

The manuscript was on paper, bound in page of vellum taken from a 13th-century evangeliary. On 23 folia, it contains combat instructions in five parts, loosely associated with the German school of fencing. The language shows influence of the Ripuarian dialect, and it is likely that the manuscript was written in the area of Cologne during the early 16th century.

The five parts of the manual deal with the long sword (langes sweerd), unarmed grappling (ryngen), the messer and dagger (degen), the boar spear (swynspeyß) and the staff (stangh), respectively.

The manuscript was edited in facsimile and transcription by Bauer (2009).

Evangeliary
The Evangeliary or Book of the Gospels is a liturgical book containing only those portions of the four gospels which are read during Mass or in other public offices of the Church. The corresponding terms in Latin are Evangeliarium and Liber evangeliorum.

The Evangeliary developed from marginal notes in manuscripts of the Gospels and from lists of gospel readings (capitularia evangeliorum). Generally included at the beginning or end of the book containing the whole gospels, these lists indicated the days on which the various extracts or pericopes were to be read. They developed into books in which they were accompanied by the texts to which they referred, with the passages arranged in accordance with the liturgical year rather than in their order within the gospels themselves, and omitting passages not used in the liturgy.
Ole von Uexkuell
Jens Ole von Uexküll (born February 24, 1978) is executive director of the Stockholm-based Right Livelihood Award Foundation. Founded in 1980, the Right Livelihood Awards are given annually to people pioneering "exemplary solutions to our most urgent global problems" in the fields of the environment, human rights, peace or development.

Von Uexküll has earlier worked on renewable energy and green design with the German Parliament, UNEP's Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics in Paris and the Rocky Mountain Institute in Colorado. He is a great-grandson of the biologist Jakob von Uexküll and a nephew of the Right Livelihood Award Foundation's founder Jakob von Uexkull.

Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.
Hafey
Hafey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bud Hafey (1912–1986), American baseball player

Chick Hafey (1903–1973), American baseball player

Tom Hafey (1931–2014), Australian rules football player and coach

Tom Hafey (baseball) (1913–1996), American baseball player

William Hafey (1888–1954), American Roman Catholic bishop

Bud Hafey
Daniel Albert "Bud" Hafey (August 6, 1912 – July 27, 1986) was an American professional baseball outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, and Philadelphia Phillies.
Arnesen
Arnesen is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning “son of Arne”.

Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Arnesen (1928–2010), Norwegian diplomat and politician

Bodil Arnesen (born 1967), Norwegian operatic soprano

Christian Arnesen (1890–1956), Norwegian wrestler

Deborah Arnie Arnesen (born 1953), American politician

Dag Arnesen (born 1950), Norwegian jazz pianist

Eric Arnesen (born 1958), American historian

Frank Arnesen (born 1956), Danish footballer

Harald Astrup Arnesen (born 1995), Norwegian cross-country skier

Heidi Arnesen, Norwegian orienteering competitor

Kim André Arnesen (born 1980), Norwegian composer

Lasse Arnesen (born 1965), Norwegian alpine skier

Liv Arnesen (born 1953), Norwegian cross-country skier

Randolf Arnesen (1880–1958), Norwegian trade unionist, cooperativist and politician

Liv Arnesen
Liv Ragnheim Arnesen (born June 1, 1953) is a Norwegian educator, cross-country skier, adventurer, guide, and motivational speaker. Arnesen led the first unsupported women’s crossing of the Greenland Ice Cap in 1992. In 1994, she made international headlines becoming the first woman in the world to ski solo and unsupported to the South Pole.  – a 50-day expedition of 745 miles (1,200 km).
Sergei Abramov (ice hockey, born 1993)
Sergei Abramov (born February 1, 1993) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Molot-Prikamie Perm of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Abramov made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Amur Khabarovsk during the 2013–14 KHL season.

Molot-Prikamye Perm
Molot-Prikamye Perm (Russian: Молот-Прикамье Пермь) is a professional ice hockey team based in Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. They are playing in the Supreme Hockey League, the second level of ice hockey in Russia.
Kéniéba Airport
Kéniéba Airport (IATA: KNZ, ICAO: GAKA) (French: Aéroport de Kéniéba) is an airport serving Kéniéba, a city in the Kéniéba, a city and commune of the Kéniéba Cercle in the Kayes Region of Mali.

The airport is at an elevation of 449 feet (137 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway that is 900 metres (2,953 ft) long.

Kéniéba Cercle
Kéniéba Cercle is a subdivision of the Kayes Region of Mali.  The administrative center (chef-lieu) is the town of Kéniéba.

Kéniéba Cercle contains the Malian section of the hilly Bambouk region, the historic gold mining region of the Ghana Empire and the Mali Empire.  Kéniéba Cercle is divided from the Senegalese Bambouk by the valley of the Falémé River.

The cercle is subdivided into twelve communes:

Bayé

Dabia

Dialafara

Dombia

Faléa

Faraba

Guénégoré

Kassama

Kéniéba

Kroukoto

Sagalo

Sitakilly
Noel Rosa
Noel de Medeiros Rosa (December 11, 1910 – May 4, 1937) was a Brazilian singer-songwriter. One of the greatest names in Brazilian popular music, Noel gave a new twist to samba, combining its Afro-Brazilian roots with a more urban, witty language and making it a vehicle for ironic social commentary.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Cock of the Air
Cock of the Air is a 1932 American pre-Code aviation comedy film directed by Tom Buckingham and written by Charles Lederer and Robert E. Sherwood. The film stars Chester Morris, Billie Dove, Matt Moore, Walter Catlett and Luis Alberni. Cock of the Air was released on January 23, 1932, by United Artists.

The film was restored by the Academy Film Archive in 2016.

Academy Film Archive
The Academy Film Archive is part of the Academy Foundation, established in 1944 with the purpose of organizing and overseeing the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' educational and cultural activities, including the preservation of motion picture history. Although the existing incarnation of the Academy Film Archive began in 1991, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences acquired its first film in 1929.
Rūdolfs Saule
Rūdolfs Saule (27 January 1903, Vidzeme – 16 March 1975, Chicago) was a Latvian performer, professional actor, ballet master and artist. He performed widely for the Latvian National Ballet, as a part of their core team during the late 1920s and 1930s, under Osvalds Lemanis. Saule was renowned for his role in the commedia dell'arte performance of Scaramouche.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
James Brown Humphrey
James Brown Humphrey, also known as "Professor Jim" Humphrey (1859–1937) was an American classical musician, dance band leader, and music instructor in New Orleans, Louisiana, and central figure in the formation of jazz as a contemporary musical art form. Humphrey predates the jazz genre as an active performer and is not himself considered a jazz musician. However, his involvement in the formal training of large numbers of musicians along the southern plantation belt of the Mississippi River delta during the immediate years following the reconstruction era resulted in many virtuoso performers who would go on to originate jazz as a distinct musical genre. Consequently, he is regarded by some in the jazz aficionado community to be "the grandfather of jazz".

Mississippi River Delta
The Mississippi River Delta is the confluence of the Mississippi River with the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana, southeastern United States. The river delta is a three-million-acre (4,700 mi2; 12,000 km2) area of land that stretches from Vermilion Bay on the west, to the Chandeleur Islands in the east, on Louisiana's southeastern coast. It is part of the Gulf of Mexico and the Louisiana coastal plain, one of the largest areas of coastal wetlands in the United States. The Mississippi River Delta is the seventh-largest river delta on Earth (USGS) and is an important coastal region for the United States, containing more than 2.7 million acres (4,200 sq mi; 11,000 km2) of coastal wetlands and 37% of the estuarine marsh in the conterminous U.S. The coastal area is the nation's largest drainage basin and drains about 41% of the contiguous United States into the Gulf of Mexico at an average rate of 470,000 cubic feet per second (3,500,000 US gal/s; 13,000 m3/s).
O'Bannon Homestead
O'Bannon Homestead, also known as Schuyler Stock Farm, Steeple House, and Four Leaf Clover Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located near Garden City, Cass County, Missouri. The farmhouse was built in 1893, and is a two-story, rectangular, frame dwelling with Queen Anne style embellishments. It features stained glass, an encircling verandah, an octagonal tower, and decorative spindle, spool and shingle work.  Also on the property are six contributing outbuildings: a wash house / smokehouse, work house, pump house, chicken house, outhouse, and barn.: 2–3

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Farmhouse
A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary quarters in a rural or agricultural setting. Historically, farmhouses were often combined with space for animals called a housebarn. Other farmhouses may be connected to one or more barns, built to form a courtyard, or with each farm building separate from each other.
Arkansas Act 372
Arkansas Act 372 was signed by the Arkansas governor on March 31, 2023. Sections one and five of Arkansas Act 372 expose librarians and booksellers to criminal penalties, which includes up to a year in prison, in the case they distribute materials such as books, magazines, and movies deemed "harmful to minors." On December 23, 2024 Judge Brooks permanently enjoined Sections 1 and 5 of Act 372, declaring those sections unconstitutional.

Bookselling
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books, which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process.

People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, book people, bookmen, or bookwomen.
Donald Trump filmography
Before his first election as president of the United States, Donald Trump had produced and hosted reality TV shows The Apprentice and The Celebrity Apprentice from 2004 to 2015. He also made dozens of cameo appearances in films, television series, and advertisements since the 1980s. He won the Worst Supporting Actor award at the 11th Golden Raspberry Awards for Ghosts Can't Do It in 1990, as well as awards for Worst Actor and Worst Screen Combo at the 39th Golden Raspberry Awards for his roles in the documentary films Death of a Nation and Fahrenheit 11/9 in 2019.

Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo
The Razzie Award for Worst Screen Combo is an award presented at the annual Golden Raspberry Awards to the worst film pairing or cast of the past year. The following is a list of nominees and recipients of the awards, along with the film(s) for which they were nominated.
Virginia Jaramillo (artist)
Virginia Jaramillo is an American artist of Mexican heritage. Born in 1939 in El Paso, Texas, she was raised and educated in Los Angeles before moving to New York City. She has exhibited in exhibitions internationally since 1959.

Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art
Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art opened in 1994 in Kansas City, Missouri. With a $5 million annual budget and approximately 75,000 visitors each year, it is Missouri's first and largest contemporary museum.
Social behavior in education
Social behaviors present themselves in a variety of ways. Especially in those in the education system. Social behavior is behavior that occurs among two or more organisms, typically from the same species. Those in the K-12 system are in the process of developing behaviors that will generate future personality traits and behavioral patterns. Peers often have tremendous impacts on an individual's behavior and way of thinking.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Spinning Jenny (magazine)
Spinning Jenny, a literary magazine founded in 1994, primarily publishes poetry. Published annually by Black Dress Press, an independent press in New York City, the magazine is edited by founder C.E. Harrison and designed by Adam B. Bohannon. Distributed to the trade by Ubiquity Distributors, Spinning Jenny belongs to the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses and has received funding from the New York State Council on the Arts.

The most recent issue of Spinning Jenny contains contributions by Maureen Alsop, Bridget Bell, Ana Božičević, Tina Cane, Bruce Cohen, Rhiannon Dickerson, Kyle Flak, Craig Foltz, Lily Ladewig, Stacie Leatherman, Matt Mauch, Bo McGuire, Tracey McTague, James Meetze, Ryan Murphy, Andy Nicholson, JoAnna Novak, Justin Petropoulos, Nate Pritts, Danniel Schoonebeek, Sara Jane Stoner, Paige Taggart, Tony Trigilio, and Jane Wong.

Community of Literary Magazines and Presses
The Community of Literary Magazines and Presses (CLMP) is an American nonprofit organization of independent literary publishers and magazines, that "channels small sums to little magazines publishing poetry and fiction."

The mission of the CLMP was described in a 1981 New York Times article as a "service organization,... set up to help ... literary groups.... Such magazines as The Partisan Review,... TriQuarterly and Poetry are helped by the council. The help is not large; it is seldom in excess of $5,000." As of 2024 the CLMP has a membership of more 1,000 organizations/publishers, from "those with budgets of less than $5,000 to those of more than $1 million." The organization also administers the CLMP Firecracker Awards and the Lord Nose Award.
American Art-Union
The American Art-Union (1839–1851) was a subscription-based organization whose goal was to enlighten and educate an American public to the nation's art, while providing a support system for the viewing and sales of art “executed by artists in the United States or by American artists abroad."  Art unions had been popular since the early 19th century in Europe; they first appeared in Switzerland, gaining great popularity in both Germany and the United Kingdom in the 1830s.  The British version, Art Union of London (AUL), was a model for the American Art-Union (AAU).

Thomas Cole
Thomas Cole (February 1, 1801 – February 11, 1848) was an Anglo-American artist who founded the Hudson River School art movement. He painted romantic landscapes and history paintings. Influenced by European painters, but with a strong American sensibility, he was prolific throughout his career and worked primarily with oil on canvas. His paintings are typically allegoric and often depict small figures or structures set against moody and evocative natural landscapes. They are usually escapist, framing the New World as a natural eden contrasting with the smog-filled cityscapes of Industrial Revolution-era Britain, in which he grew up. His works, often seen as conservative, criticize the contemporary trends of industrialism, urbanism, and westward expansion.
Camdeboo Local Municipality elections
The council of the Camdeboo Local Municipality was elected in 2000, 2006 and 2011 by a system of mixed-member proportional representation. Half of the councillors were elected by first-past-the-post voting from individual wards, while the other half were appointed from party lists so that the total number of party representatives was proportional to the number of votes received.

In 2016 the Camdeboo Local Municipality was merged with two others to create the Dr Beyers Naudé Local Municipality; for election results in the merged municipality see Dr Beyers Naudé Local Municipality elections.

Camdeboo Local Municipality
Camdeboo Local Municipality was a local municipality in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. After municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the larger Dr Beyers Naudé Local Municipality.

The name Camdeboo (or Qamdobowa in Xhosa language) has evolved from a phonetically similar Khoi word meaning "green hollow".
Robert J. McCarthy
Robert J. (Bob) McCarthy, is the founder and chairman of McCarthy Investments LLC and is an American hotel executive. He is the former Chief Operations Officer of Marriott International. McCarthy is chairman of Hotel Development Partners LLC, a hotel developer focused on Marriott and Hilton brands.

Marriott International
Marriott International, Inc. is an American multinational company that operates, franchises, and licenses lodging brands that include hotel, residential, and timeshare properties. The company owns over 37 hotel and timeshare brands, with 9,000 locations and 1,597,380 rooms across its network (as of 2023). Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, the company is the successor to the hospitality division of the Marriott Corporation, which was founded by J. Willard Marriott (1900–1985) and his wife Alice Marriott (1907–2000).
XYZ Records
XYZ Records was a record label founded by Frank Slay and Bob Crewe, mainly as an outlet for their songs. The label opened in 1957 and was active until about 1960. Their major success was with "Silhouettes" by The Rays, which reached No. 7 in the American singles charts. It was taken over for national distribution by Cameo-Parkway Records in Philadelphia.

The initial XYZ recordings were numbered 100 through to 106.

In late 1958, United Artists financed the reactivation of XYZ, and The Rays once again were in the studios re-recording one of their earlier songs "Elevator Operator/Souvenir of Summertime", which was released as number 2001. Further recordings in this period were numbered 600 through to 611, all without much success.

Crewe went on to produce hits for Freddy Cannon; Billy and Lillie; and The Four Lovers.

Silhouettes (The Rays song)
"Silhouettes" is a song made famous by the American doo-wop group the Rays in 1957, peaking at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. A competing version by the Diamonds was also successful. In 1965 it was a number 5 hit in the US for Herman's Hermits, and in 1990 it was a number 10 hit in the UK for Cliff Richard.
Save Yourself (film)
Save Yourself is a 2015 horror-thriller directed by Ryan M. Andrews. The film stars Tristan Risk (American Mary) and Jessica Cameron and was released on 28 November 2015. The film won Best Horror Feature at the 2016 Bare Bones International Film Festival and was inspired by a road trip director Ryan M. Andrews took with writing partner Chris Cull, from Toronto to Oklahoma.

Bare Bones International Film Festival
The Bare Bones International Film and Music Festival was founded in 1999 by the Darkwood Film Arts Institute in the city of Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States to showcase independent motion picture projects with budgets of less than 1 million dollars (hence "bare bones"). The festival runs for eleven days each year in late April at several venues in downtown Muskogee.

MovieMaker Magazine called Bare Bones a "small-town festival that celebrates indie auteurs, directors, screenwriters, actors and cinematographers in a big way." In 2010, MovieMaker named Bare Bones to its list of 25 Film Festivals Worth the Entry Fee.
Roche lobe
In astronomy, the Roche lobe is the region around a star in a binary system within which orbiting material is gravitationally bound to that star. It is an approximately teardrop-shaped region bounded by a critical gravitational equipotential, with the apex of the teardrop pointing towards the other star (the apex is at the L1 Lagrangian point of the system).

The Roche lobe is different from the Roche sphere, which approximates the gravitational sphere of influence of one astronomical body in the face of perturbations from a more massive body around which it orbits. It is also different from the Roche limit, which is the distance at which an object held together only by gravity begins to break up due to tidal forces. The Roche lobe, Roche limit, and Roche sphere are named after the French astronomer Édouard Roche.

Perturbation (astronomy)
In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body. The other forces can include a third (fourth, fifth, etc.) body, resistance, as from an atmosphere, and the off-center attraction of an oblate or otherwise misshapen body.