hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naphtali Herz Halberstadt
Naphtali Herz ben Ẓebi Hirsch Halberstadt (Hebrew: נפתלי הירץ בן צבי הירש אבד״ק האלברשטט; fl. 18th century) was a rabbi at Dubno, Volhynia. Responsa of his regarding the Cleve divorce case are found in Israel Lipschütz's collection Or Israel (1770). In the same collection are some responsa by his brother Solomon Dob Baer, rabbi of Glogau. Another brother, Simḥah, was rabbi of Dessau.

Get of Cleves
The Get of Cleves was a controversial get issued in Cleves in northwest Germany on 28 August 1766 (22 Elul 5526) purporting to dissolve a Jewish marriage solemnised 14 days earlier. The validity of the get in Halakha was disputed, with the central issue being whether the husband was of sound mind at the time of the divorce. Rabbis from Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland exchanged opinions on the question. The practical matter ended in 1767 when the spouses had a remarriage ceremony, although the validity of this was itself questioned. Two books, published in 1769 (Ohr HaYashar) and 1770 (Ohr Yisroel) gave extensive details of the case.
Charles Touzel
Charles John Cliff Touzel (1855 – 24 August 1899) was an English priest who became the rector of Heswall in Cheshire. In his younger days he was a rugby union player of note, representing Cambridge University and winning two international caps for England.

Heswall
Heswall (/ˈhɛzwəl, -wɔːl/) is a town in on the Wirral Peninsula, England. Historically part of Cheshire, it became part of Merseyside in 1974. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of the built up area, as defined by the Office for National Statistics, was 29,075. From 2011 to 2021, it has had annual population change of  -0.13%.
East Delaware Tunnel
The East Delaware Tunnel is a 25-mile (40 km) aqueduct in the New York City water supply system.  Located in the 
Catskill Mountains of New York State, it was constructed within a six-year period between 1949 and 1955 to transport drinking water from the Pepacton Reservoir to the Rondout Reservoir.  The tunnel begins near the former site of Pepacton, New York, and ends near the former site of Eureka, New York, passing through Delaware County, Sullivan County and Ulster County. The tunnel has a maximum transmission capacity of 500 million US gallons (1,900,000 m3) per day and was constructed at a width of 11 feet (3.4 m).

Delaware County, New York
Delaware County is a county located in the US state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,308.  The county seat is Delhi. The county is named after the Delaware River, which was named in honor of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, appointed governor of Virginia in 1609. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.
Oh, Susanna! (1936 film)
Oh, Susanna! is a 1936 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, and Frances Grant. Written by Oliver Drake, the film is about a cowboy who is robbed and then thrown from a train by an escaped murderer who then takes on the cowboy's identity.

Carl Stockdale
William Carlton Stockdale (February 19, 1874 – March 15, 1953) was one of the longest-working Hollywood actors, with a career dating from the early 1910s. He also made the difficult transition from silent films to talkies.

Stockdale was born on February 19, 1874, in Worthington, Minnesota, graduated from Minneapolis Central High School, and attended the University of North Dakota.

Before he began working with films, Stockdale was a property man with a repertory theatrical company headed by his brother. He went on to act on stage in repertory theater and in vaudeville.

Stockdale was in Hollywood as early as 1913 with a small role in Gilbert M. Anderson's Broncho Billy's Last Deed. He worked with that film franchise for two years before joining D. W. Griffith's film company. He remained busy into the 1940s. His last film was released in 1943.
English cricket team in New Zealand in 2024–25
The England cricket team toured New Zealand in November and December 2024 to play three Test matches against New Zealand cricket team. The Test series formed part of the 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship. In April 2024, the New Zealand Cricket (NZC) confirmed the full tour itinerary.

2023–2025 World Test Championship
The 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship was the third edition of the ICC World Test Championship. It started in June 2023 with the Ashes, which was contested between England and Australia, and it finished in June 2025 with the final, played between Australia and South Africa at Lord's.

In the final, South Africa defeated Australia by 5 wickets to win their maiden championship. This was also their first ICC trophy since 1998.
Dihydroxymalonic acid
Dihydroxymalonic acid is an organic compound with formula C3H4O6 or HO-(C=O)-C(OH)2-(C=O)-OH, found in some plants such as alfalfa and in beet molasses.

The compound is also called dihydroxymesoxalic acid and dihydroxypropanedioic acid.  It can be viewed as a hydrate derivative of mesoxalic acid, and is often called mesoxalic acid monohydrate and similar names. This compound is unusual in containing stable geminal hydroxy groups.

Dihydroxymalonic acid is a water-soluble white solid.  It crystallizes in deliquescent prisms that melt between 113 °C and 121 °C without loss of water.  It has been used in medical research as a hypoglycemic agent  and was patented in the United States in 1997 as a fast-acting antidote to cyanide poisoning.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Tetrino
Tetrino (Russian: Тетрино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tersky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula at a height of 6 meters (20 ft) above sea level. Population: 18 (2010 Census).

Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, with a total land area of 144,900 square kilometres (55,900 sq mi). Its only internal border is the Republic of Karelia to the south, and it is bordered internationally by Finland to the west and Norway to the northwest and the Barents Sea lies to the north and White Sea lies to the south and east. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 795,409; however, at the 2021 Census, the population had declined to 667,744.
1975 Washington Star International
The 1975 Washington Star International was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts. It was categorized as an AA tournament and was part of the 1975 Grand Prix circuit. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held in Washington, D.C. from July 21 through July 28, 1975. Guillermo Vilas won the singles title and $16,000 prize money and a car in a final that was twice interrupted due to rain. Total attendance during the tournament was 55,000.

Ilie Năstase was disqualified in his quarterfinal match against Cliff Richey for failing to resume play.

Cliff Richey
George Clifford Richey Jr. (born December 31, 1946) is an American former amateur and professional tennis player who was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Richey achieved a highest singles ranking of World No. 6 and reached at least the quarterfinal stage of the singles event at all four Grand Slam tournaments.
Juliette Kemppi
Juliette Mikaela Kemppi (born 14 May 1994) is a Finnish professional footballer who plays as a forward.

She previously played for FA WSL team, Bristol City, LSK Kvinner FK in the Norwegian Toppserien, AIK in the Swedish Damallsvenskan, as well as TPS Turku and Åland United of the Finnish Naisten Liiga.

LSK Kvinner FK
LSK Kvinner Fotballklubb is a Norwegian women's football club from Lillestrøm. They currently play in Toppserien, the top division of Norwegian football. The club was founded as Setskog/Høland Fotballklubb on 10 October 1989.
Marcus Hasselborg
Marcus Sven Erland Hasselborg (born 7 January 1986 in Stockholm) is a Swedish actor and curler. He played second for Sweden at the 2006 World Men's Curling Championships, and he finished in 2nd place when he participated at the 2008 Men's Svenska Mästerskapet curling final in Örnsköldsvik. He works as a high school teacher at Procivitas Privata Gymnasium Karlberg.

Örnsköldsvik
Örnsköldsvik (Swedish: [œɳɧœldsˈviːk] ⓘ; Southern Sami: Orrestaare), often shortened to just Ö-vik, is a locality and the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden, with 32,953 inhabitants in 2017.

Its natural harbour and archipelago is in the Gulf of Bothnia and the northern boundaries of the High Coast area. It is well known as an exporter of pulp and paper products and heavy machinery goods. It has a strong environmental record and is the "testbed" for ethanol-powered cars.
Fepasa complex
The Fepasa Complex, formerly the railway workshop of the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro, is located in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. Established in the early 20th century, it served as a site for the maintenance of locomotives and rolling stock. The complex is now recognized as a historical landmark, reflecting the region’s industrial heritage.

Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro
Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro (also called Companhia Paulista de Vias Férreas and Fluviais) was a Brazilian railway company located in the state of São Paulo. It was known for its high standard of quality in customer service.

It remained in activity from August 1872 until October 1971, when it was extinguished and incorporated into FEPASA - Ferrovia Paulista S/A.
Włyń
Włyń [vwɨɲ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Warta, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Warta, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 56 km (35 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Sieradz
Sieradz [ˈɕɛrat͡s] ⓘ (Latin: Siradia) is a city on the Warta river in central Poland with 40,891 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of the Sieradz County, situated in the Łódź Voivodeship. Sieradz is a capital of the historical Sieradz Land.

Sieradz is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It was an important city of medieval Poland, thrice being a location for the election of the Polish monarchs. Polish Kings chaired six assemblies from here. Historically, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sieradz (1263-1339), Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793), and Sieradz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is located on the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok.
Aluminothermic reaction
Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature.  The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. The most prominent example is the thermite reaction between iron oxides and aluminium to produce iron itself:

Fe2O3  +  2 Al   →   2 Fe  +  Al2O3

This specific reaction is however not relevant to the most important application of aluminothermic reactions, the production of ferroalloys.  For the production of iron, a cheaper reducing agent, coke, is used instead via the carbothermic reaction.

Coke (fuel)
Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content. It is made by heating coal or petroleum in the absence of air. Coke is an important industrial product, used mainly in the smelting of iron ore, but also as a fuel in stoves and forges.

The unqualified term "coke" usually refers to the product derived from low-ash and low-sulphur bituminous coal by a process called coking. A similar product called petroleum coke, or pet coke, is obtained from crude petroleum in petroleum refineries. Coke may also be formed naturally by geologic processes. It is the residue of a destructive distillation process.
Pörtom
Pörtom (Finnish: Pirttikylä) is a former municipality in Ostrobothnia, Finland. The municipality was consolidated with Närpes in 1973. North Pörtom, however, was transferred to Malax in 1975.

The municipality was mostly Swedish-speaking.

Malax
Malax (Finland Swedish: [ˈmɑːlɑks]; Finnish: Maalahti, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈmɑːˌlɑhti]) is a municipality in Finland, located on the west coast of the country. Malax is situated in Ostrobothnia, along the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Malax is approximately 5,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 111,000. It is the 160th most populous municipality in Finland.

Malax covers an area of 1,954.94 square kilometres (754.81 sq mi) of which 1,433.95 km2 (553.65 sq mi) is water. The population density is 10.39 inhabitants per square kilometre (26.9/sq mi).

Malax is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 9% Finnish speakers, 85% Swedish speakers, and 6% speakers of other languages.
Ghost Mountain (Chaba Icefield)
Ghost Mountain is located in the Chaba Icefield at the SW end of Hamber Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada. It was named in 1920 by the Interprovincial Boundary Survey for its ghost-like appearance.

Hamber Provincial Park
Hamber Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located 130 kilometres (80.7 mi) north of Golden. Straddling the Great Divide on the provincial boundary with Alberta, the park is surrounded on three sides by Jasper National Park and protects the headwaters of the Wood River at Fortress Lake.

When the park was created in 1941, it constituted one of the largest protected wilderness areas in Canada. In the early 1960s, the provincial government reduced its size by 98% due to pressure exerted by the forestry industry, planned hydroelectric developments along the upper Columbia River and the re-routing of the Trans-Canada Highway away from the park.
Yang Yuting (warlord)
Yang Yuting (simplified Chinese: 杨宇霆; traditional Chinese: 楊宇霆; pinyin: Yáng Yǔtíng; Wade–Giles: Yang Yü-t'ing; 1886 – 10 January 1929) was a Chinese general in the Fengtian Army and Military Governor (warlord) of Jiangsu during the early period of the Republic of China (Beiyang government) from August to November 1925. He was executed by Zhang Xueliang during a political power struggle.

Warlord
Warlords are individuals who exercise military, economic, and political control over a region, often one without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over local armed forces. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories. The term is often applied in the context of China around the end of the Qing dynasty, especially during the Warlord Era. The term may also be used for a supreme military leader.
Speidel (surname)
Speidel or von Speidel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert von Speidel (1858–1912), Bavarian general and artistic director of the court theatre in Munich after 1905

Bill Speidel (1912–1988), American author

Edmund Freiherr von Speidel (1816–1887), Bavarian general and court marshal

Emil Speidel (1859–1938), German professor in Tübingen and upper level forestry council member

Hans Speidel (1897–1984), German general

Hans-Georg von Seidel (1891–1955), German general of the Luftwaffe

Johann Jakob Speidel (1595?–1666), German jurist

Jutta Speidel (born 1954), German actress

Michael P. Speidel (born 1937), German-born American military historian

Maximilian von Speidel (1856–1943), Bavarian general and State Council

Persons named Speidell include:

John Speidell (fl. 1600–1634), English mathematician

Todd H. Speidell (born 1957), American theologian

Jutta Speidel
Jutta Speidel (pronounced [ˈjʊtaː ˈʃpaɪdl̩] ⓘ; born 26 March 1954) is a German actress.

She had her first television role at the age of 15. Jutta Speidel appeared in Schulmadchen Report 1 (1970), which was directed by Ernst Hofbauer and produced by Wolf C. Hartwig. She acted mainly in German television series and TV films like Rivalen der Rennbahn. She is remembered for playing several roles in the very popular TV series Derrick.

She has two daughters. She founded the HORIZONT e.V. charity in 1997 for homeless children and their mothers.

As of 3 November 2012 she is living in Rome, Italy.
Bettis
Bettis is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angela Bettis (born 1973), American actress, director and producer

Chad Bettis (born 1989), American baseball player

Hilary Bettis, American playwright, actress, producer and writer

J. Warren Bettis (1924–2011), American jurist

Jerome Bettis (born 1972), American football player

Jerrod Bettis, American music producer, composer and musician

John Bettis (born 1946), American lyricist

Randy Bettis (born 1959), American DJ and music producer

Richard A. Bettis (1947–2025), American business theorist

Tom Bettis (1933–2015), American football player

Valerie Bettis (1919–1982), American modern dancer and choreographer

Zachariah Bettis (1816–1879), American politician

Richard A. Bettis
Richard A. Bettis (November 22, 1947 – January 22, 2025) was the Ellison Distinguished Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is a former president of the Strategic Management Society and was the Co-Editor of Strategic Management Journal from 2007-2015.

In 1986, Bettis and his co-author C.K. Prahalad coined the term dominant logic to describe deep-set cultural norms and thought patterns that drive managerial action in firms.
One Week of Life
One Week of Life is a 1919 American silent drama film produced and distributed through Goldwyn Pictures. It was directed by Hobart Henley and starred Pauline Frederick. It is now considered to be a lost film.

Hobart Henley
Hobart Henley (born Hess Manassah Henle; November 23, 1887 – May 22, 1964) was an American silent film actor, director, screenwriter and producer. He was involved in over 60 films either as an actor or director or both from 1914 to 1934.
Taypi K'uchu
Taypi K'uchu (Aymara taypi center, middle, k'uchu, q'uch'u corner, "central corner", also spelled Taypi Khuchu) is a 4,928-metre-high (16,168 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Taypi K'uchu lies south-west of the mountains Jach'a Juqhu and Ch'iyar T'ikhi and north-west of Qullqi Chata.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5
The fifth competition weekend of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Vikingskipet arena in Hamar, Norway, from Saturday, 31 January, until Sunday, 1 February 2015.

There were no world records set during the weekend, but Marina Zueva of Belarus set a national record as she finished second in the B division of the women's 3000 m on Sunday, and Elena Møller-Rigas of Denmark set new national junior records on both 1500 m and 3000 m.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
2014 BWF World Junior Championships – Mixed doubles
The Mixed Doubles tournament of the 2014 BWF World Junior Championships was held on April 13–18.

Huang Kaixiang and Chen Qingchen from China clinched the title for 2 years in a row after won another final against Indonesian pair, this time Muhammad Rian Ardianto and Rosyita Eka Putri Sari by 21-12 21-17. For Indonesia this was the fourth straight years they were in the final of mixed double.

Huang Kaixiang
Huang Kaixiang (Chinese: 黄凯祥; born 15 January 1996) is a Chinese badminton player. He joined the China national badminton team in 2012, as his games at the China Badminton Super League attracted the attention of national-team coach Li Yongbo. At the BWF World Junior Championships, he won two gold medals in the mixed doubles event partnered with Chen Qingchen in 2013 and 2014 and one silver medal in the boys' doubles event partnered with Zheng Siwei in 2013. In the mixed team event he won gold in 2014 and bronze in 2013.
Security Now
Security Now! is a weekly podcast hosted by Steve Gibson and Leo Laporte. It was the second show to premiere on the TWiT Network, launching in summer 2005. The first episode, “As the Worm Turns”, was released on August 19, 2005.

Security Now! consists of a discussion between Gibson and Laporte on issues of computer security and, conversely, insecurity. Covered topics have included security vulnerabilities, firewalls, password security, spyware, rootkits, Wi-Fi, virtual private networks, and virtual machines.

Leo Laporte
Leo Laporte (/ləˈpɔːrt/; born November 29, 1956) is the former host of The Tech Guy weekly radio show and founder of TWiT.tv, an Internet podcast network focusing on technology. He is also a former TechTV technology host (1998–2008) and a technology author.
Hot Swing Trio: Live in New York
Hot Swing Trio: Live in New York is the third and final album by Mark O'Connor's Hot Swing Trio. It was recorded during live performances in Merkin Hall in New York City on September 21 and 22, 2004. The seventh track, "Fiddler Goin' Home", was written in memory of Claude "Fiddler" Williams, who died in 2004.

Claude Williams (musician)
Claude "Fiddler" Williams (February 22, 1908 – April 25, 2004) was an American jazz violinist and guitarist who recorded and performed into his 90s. He was the first guitarist to record with Count Basie and the first musician to be inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame.
Busan Naval Base
The Busan Naval Base (Korean: 부산 해군기지; Hanja: 釜山海軍基地) is a group of ports and land facilities of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN), located at Nam-Gu, Busan. The United States Naval Forces Korea headquarters sit within this base.

The base can accommodate up to 30 vessels, including the Republic of Korea Navy Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship and the US Navy's Nimitz-class aircraft carriers.

Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship
The Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship (독도급 대형수송함; 獨島級 大型輸送艦) is a class of landing platform helicopter (LPH) and amphibious assault ships operated by the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). It was designed and built by Hanjin Heavy Industries (HHIC) to enhance South Korea's amphibious operation capability in terms of assault and military operations other than war (MOOTW).