hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Svein Eirik Fauskevåg
Svein Eirik Fauskevåg (5 August 1942 – 29 July 2022) was a Norwegian literary historian.

He was born in Harstad. He finished a magister degree in the history of ideas at the University of Oslo in 1969. In 1978 he began a Doctorate of Philosophy degree, defending a thesis concerning Marquis de Sade. From 1981 Fauskevåg was a professor of Romance literature at the University of Trondheim, mainly French. Fauskevåg was inducted into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2003.

Fauskevåg mainly published his works in France. Beyond the subjects of his study being French, Sade studies were frowned upon at the University of Oslo in the 1970s. According to Martin Wåhlberg, he, in part due to his homosexuality, was considered an outsider in the 1960s. Fauskevåg, who remained unmarried, was also a convert to Roman Catholicism.

Harstad Municipality
Harstad (Norwegian: [ˈhɑ̂ʂːʈɑ] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Hárstták) is the second-most populated municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is mostly located on the large island of Hinnøya. The municipal center is the town of Harstad, which is the most populous town in Central Hålogaland and the third-largest in all of Northern Norway. The town was incorporated in 1904. Villages in the municipality include Elgsnes, Fauskevåg, Gausvika, Grøtavær, Kasfjord, Lundenes, Nergården and Sørvika.

The 445-square-kilometre (172 sq mi) municipality is the 225th largest by area out of Norway's 357 municipalities and the 49th most populous, with a population of 25,056. The municipality's population density is 56.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (146/sq mi) and the population has increased by 2.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Brit Award for British Pop Act
The Brit Award for British Pop Act is an award given by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), an organisation which represents record companies and artists in the United Kingdom. The accolade is presented at the Brit Awards, an annual celebration of British and international music. The winners and nominees were initially determined by the Brit Awards voting academy with over one-thousand members comprising record labels, publishers, managers, agents, media, and previous winners and nominees, but starting with the 42nd Brit Awards ceremony, the award is voted by fans.

Boy band Five are the first winners of the category, while Westlife and Dua Lipa have the most wins, with two. The category was exclusively won by bands until 2006, when James Blunt became the first solo artist to receive the award. S Club 7 hold the record for most nominations without a win, with three. The current holder of the award is JADE, who won in 2025.

Music publisher
A music publisher is a type of publisher that specializes in distributing music. Music publishers originally published sheet music. When copyright became legally protected, music publishers began to play a significant role in the management of composers' intellectual property. Today, music publishers license compositions, collect royalties, and make sure songwriters and composers are paid when their work is used.
Leroy Cromartie
Leroy Oliver Cromartie (December 15, 1922 – September 14, 2000) was an American Negro league second baseman in the 1940s.

A native of Miami, Florida, Cromartie graduated from Booker T. Washington Senior High School in 1943. He went on to play college football for Florida A&M, where he was an All-America selection. Cromartie played in the Negro leagues for the Indianapolis Clowns in 1945, and was the father of fellow major leaguer Warren Cromartie. He died in Miami in 2000 at age 77.

Indianapolis Clowns
The Indianapolis Clowns were a professional baseball team in the Negro American League. Tracing their origins back to the 1930s, the Clowns were the last of the Negro league teams to disband, continuing to play exhibition games into the 1980s. They began play as the independent Ethiopian Clowns, joined the Negro American League as the Cincinnati Clowns and, after a couple of years, relocated to Indianapolis. Hank Aaron was a Clown for a short period, and the Clowns were also one of the first professional baseball teams to hire a female player.
Strzelewo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Strzelewo [stʂɛˈlɛvɔ] (German: Strelowhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) west of Nowogard, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 41 km (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see history of Pomerania.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.
Avocet
The four species of avocets /ˈævəsɛt/ are a genus, Recurvirostra, of waders in the same avian family as the stilts. The genus name comes from Latin recurvus, 'curved backwards' and rostrum, 'bill'. The common name is thought to derive from the Italian (Ferrarese) word avosetta, which may relate to Latin avis ("bird"). Francis Willughby in 1678 noted the "Avosetta of the Italians".

Ferrara
Ferrara (/fəˈrɑːrə/; Italian: [ferˈraːra] ⓘ; Emilian: Fràra [ˈfraːra]) is a city and comune (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. As of 2016, it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Home (nightclub)
Home was a music venue and nightclub located at 1 Leicester Square in central London. It was closed by Westminster Council in late March 2001 due to alleged evidence of open drug-dealing occurring within the club despite its famously tough door checks. The club went into receivership shortly after it was closed. It was part of the Home nightclub chain owned by Big Beats, including the clubs in Sydney and London, as well as the Homelands outdoor festivals. The decline of the club started earlier however due to Westminster council denying the club a 6am licence.

Receivership
In law, receivership is a situation in which an institution or enterprise is held by a receiver – a person "placed in the custodial responsibility for the property of others, including tangible and intangible assets and rights" – especially in cases where a company cannot meet its financial obligations and is said to be insolvent. The receivership remedy is an equitable remedy that emerged in the English chancery courts, where receivers were appointed to protect real property. Receiverships are also a remedy of last resort in litigation involving the conduct of executive agencies that fail to comply with constitutional or statutory obligations to populations that rely on those agencies for their basic human rights.
Kirtlington
Kirtlington is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire about 6+1⁄2 miles (10.5 km) west of Bicester. The parish includes the hamlet of Northbrook. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 988.

The parish measures nearly 3 miles (5 km) north–south and about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) east–west. It is bounded by the River Cherwell to the west, and elsewhere mostly by field boundaries. In 1959 its area was 3,582 acres (1,450 ha).

River Cherwell
The River Cherwell (/ˈtʃɑːrwɛl/ ⓘ CHAR-wel or /ˈtʃɜːrwɛl/ CHUR-wel) is a tributary of the River Thames in central England. It rises near Hellidon, Northamptonshire and flows southwards for 40 miles (64 km) to meet the Thames at Oxford in Oxfordshire.

The river gives its name to the Cherwell local government district and Cherwell, an Oxford student newspaper.
Alyaksandr Vishnyakow
Alyaksandr Vishnyakow (Belarusian: Аляксандр Вішнякоў; Russian: Александр Вишняков; born 8 May 1986) is a retired Belarusian footballer (forward). He ended his career at the age of 23 due to injuries. His last club was Naftan Novopolotsk.

FC Naftan Novopolotsk
FC Naftan Novopolotsk (Belarusian: ФК Нафтан Наваполацк, FK Naftan Navapolatsk) is a Belarusian football club based in Novopolotsk. They play in the Belarusian First League, the second division in Belarusian football. Their home stadium is Atlant Stadium.
Ray Mill Island
Ray Mill Island is an island in the River Thames in England at Boulter's Lock near Maidenhead, Berkshire.

It is immediately to the east of Boulter's Island, separated by the former millstream.

The island is now a park administered by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.  It is named after the Ray family who once had a flour mill here. The mill was constructed in 1726 on the site of a previous mill, and continued to produce flour until the 1920s.

Boulter's weir runs from the top end of the island across to the east bank near Taplow. A kayak flume has been built adjacent to the weir on the island.

For over 20 years until it was stolen in October 2011, the island housed The Companion, a memorial statue  for four local schoolboys who died in a skiing accident. A new version of the statue was unveiled in the original location in July 2012.

Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a unitary authority area with royal borough status in Berkshire, England. The borough is named after its two largest towns of Maidenhead (where the council is based) and Windsor. The borough also includes the towns of Ascot and Eton, plus numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. It is home to Windsor Castle, Eton College, Legoland Windsor and Ascot Racecourse. It is one of only four boroughs in England entitled to be prefixed royal, and the only one of them which is not a London borough.
Radial tree
A radial tree, or radial map, is a method of displaying a tree structure (e.g., a tree data structure) in a way that expands outwards, radially. It is one of many ways to visually display a tree, with examples dating back to the early 20th century.  In use, it is a type of information graphic.

Infographic
Infographics (a clipped compound of "information" and "graphics") are graphic visual representations of information, data, or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly.  They can improve cognition by using graphics to enhance the human visual system's ability to see patterns and trends.  Similar pursuits are information visualization, data visualization, statistical graphics, information design, or information architecture. Infographics have evolved in recent years to be for mass communication, and thus are designed with fewer assumptions about the readers' knowledge base than other types of visualizations. Isotypes are an early example of infographics conveying information quickly and easily to the masses.
Kernick (surname)
Kernick is a surname of Cornish origin. notable people with this surname include:

Dudley Kernick (1921–2019), English footballer

Olivia Kernick (born 2001), Australian rugby league player

Phyllis Kernick (1924–2009), American politician

Simon Kernick (born 1967), English writer

Dudley Kernick
Dudley Henry John Kernick (24 August 1921 – 15 December 2019) was an English professional footballer who played as a forward. He played in the English football league for Torquay United, Northampton Town and Birmingham City.

Kernick later retired to Florida, but moved back to Nuneaton in his final years. He died on 15 December 2019, at the age of 98.
TM-38 mine
The TM-38 was a square, metal-cased Soviet anti-tank mine used during the Second World War. The mine had a large raised square central pressure plate with four reinforcing creases. When enough pressure was applied to the plate it collapses pressing down on a bolt connected to an internal lever. The lever pulls a retaining pin from the MUV fuze, which releases the striker, which impacts the MD-2 detonator.

The mine can be used with several anti-handling devices including an anti-lifting plate underneath the mine, and a device that connects the opening of the top of the mine to the fuze.

Although reasonably effective against wheeled vehicles and light tanks, it proved ineffective when used against heavier tanks later in the war. As a result, it was typically supplemented with larger charges underneath the mine. These would sometimes be rigged with additional MUV pull fuzes attached to the TM-38 mine, acting as a secondary anti-handling device.

Anti-handling device
An anti-handling device is an attachment to or an integral part of a landmine or other munition such as some fuze types found in general-purpose air-dropped bombs, cluster bombs and sea mines. It is designed to prevent tampering or disabling, or to target bomb disposal personnel. When the protected device is disturbed, it detonates, killing or injuring anyone within the blast area. There is a strong functional overlap of booby traps and anti-handling devices.
Transport in the Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands currently have three primary means of transport – road, sea and air. However, in 1946, when Sir Miles Clifford arrived as governor, there were no air services, no roads outside Stanley and an indifferent sea service. Sir Miles was instrumental in starting the Falkland Islands Government Air Service in December 1948. The inaugural flight involved a mercy flight from North Arm Settlement to Stanley to bring a girl with peritonitis to life-saving medical help in Stanley. There is now an international airport, a domestic airport, a number of airstrips, a growing road network and a much-improved ferry service between the two main islands.

New Haven, Falkland Islands
New Haven is an inlet in the Falkland Islands. It is situated on the west coast of East Falkland, facing Falkland Sound, the stretch of water which divides East Falkland from West Falkland. There is a colony of gentoo penguins.

New Haven has become notable as the eastern terminus of the new ferry service linking the two islands.  A modern roll-on-roll-off ferry terminal was constructed at New Haven at a cost of £1.5 million—the largest project so far undertaken by the Public Works Department of the Falkland Islands Government. The terminal was opened in a ceremony in November 2008 after 12 months of construction.

The ferry serving the route is the MV Concordia Bay, which is based at New Haven.  It runs a regular service from the terminal to Port Howard on West Falkland since July 2008, carrying lorries, cars and people.  The ferry is owned and operated by Workboat Services Ltd.
Geared continuous hinge
A geared continuous hinge is a type of continuous hinge used mostly on doors in high-traffic entrances and features gear teeth that mesh together under a cap that runs the length of the hinge. The hinges use a number of fasteners to attach the door to the frame from top to bottom to distribute a door’s weight more evenly along the frame to stop doors from sagging. They are often used in schools, hospitals, hotels, offices, airports, stadiums, storefronts and many other commercial and industrial buildings.

They are generally made from extruded architectural aluminum and most are anodized to resist corrosion (common colors include black, bronze and clear). To meet building fire codes, they can be made with up to a three-hour fire rating.

Fire-resistance rating
A fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail other criteria, involving evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose.
Slocum (crater)
Slocum is a small lunar impact crater in the southeastern part of the Mare Smythii. It lies near the eastern limb of the Moon, and from the Earth this section of the surface is viewed at a very oblique angle. This greatly limits the amount of detail that can be observed. In addition, libration of the Moon in its orbit can cause this area to be completely hidden from Earth. Nearby craters of note include Runge to the west-northwest, Warner to the west-southwest, and Swasey to the south-southeast.

This is a roughly circular, bowl-shaped crater that is surrounded by lunar mare. It is not marked by any overlying craters of note. To the west and southwest of this crater is a rille in the surface of the mare.

The crater's name was approved by the IAU in 1976.

Libration
In lunar astronomy, libration is the cyclic variation in the apparent position of the Moon that is perceived by observers on the Earth and caused by changes between the orbital and rotational planes of the moon. It causes an observer to see slightly different hemispheres of the surface at different times. It is similar in both cause and effect to the changes in the Moon's apparent size because of changes in distance. It is caused by three mechanisms detailed below, two of which cause a relatively tiny physical libration via tidal forces exerted by the Earth. Such true librations are known as well for other moons with locked rotation.

The quite different phenomenon of a trojan asteroid's movement has been called Trojan libration, and Trojan libration point means Lagrangian point.
Marc Yor
Marc Yor (24 July 1949 – 9 January 2014) was a French mathematician well known for his work on stochastic processes, especially properties of semimartingales, Brownian motion and other Lévy processes, the Bessel processes, and their applications to mathematical finance.

Bessel process
In mathematics, a Bessel process, named after Friedrich Bessel. The n-dimensional Bessel process is the solution to the  stochastic differential equation (SDE)

where W is a 1-dimensional Wiener process (Brownian motion)
Systems-oriented design
Systems-oriented design (SOD) uses system thinking in order to capture the complexity of systems addressed in design practice. The main mission of SOD is to build the designers' own interpretation and implementation of systems thinking. SOD aims at enabling systems thinking to fully benefit from design thinking and practice and design thinking and practice to fully benefit from systems thinking. SOD addresses design for human activity systems and can be applied to any kind of design problem ranging from product design and interaction design through architecture to decision-making processes and policy design.

SOD is a variation in the pluralistic field of Systemic Design. It is one of the most practice and design-oriented versions of relating and merging systems thinking and design.

Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.

Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
Murad V
Murad V (Ottoman Turkish: مراد خامس, romanized: Murâd-ı ḫâmis; Turkish: V. Murad; 21 September 1840 – 29 August 1904) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 30 May to 31 August 1876. The son of Abdulmejid I, he supported the conversion of the government to a constitutional monarchy. His uncle Abdulaziz had succeeded Abdulmejid to the throne and had attempted to name his own son as heir to the throne, which spurred Murad to participate in Abdulaziz's overthrow. But his own frail physical and mental health made his reign unstable, and Murad V was deposed in favor of his half-brother Abdul Hamid II after only 93 days.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Xanthoparmelia toninioides
Xanthoparmelia toninioides is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected about 1 km (0.6 mi) east of Springbok (Cape Province) at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,600 ft), where it was found growing on sloping granite domes in karoo vegetation. The lichen thallus, which is tightly attached to its rock substrate, measures 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) broad and is light yellow green in color. It contains hypoprotocetraric acid, 4-O-demethylnotatic acid, and usnic acid.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Reinforced Regional Task Force
Reinforced Regional Task Force (Swedish: Förstärkt Regional Insatsstyrka), prior to 2015 officially known as Piketen (or Piketenheten) is a regional special operations asset of the Swedish Police Authority, similar to SWAT type units in the United States.

Special operations
Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces (SF) or special operations forces (SOF).
Relay (shop)
Lagardère Travel Retail SNC, trading as Relay, is a French travel retailer and a chain of newspaper, magazine, book, and convenience stores, mostly based in train stations and airports. It is owned by Lagardère Travel Retail, a subsidiary of the French conglomerate Louis Hachette Group, itself owned by French billionaire businessman Vincent Bolloré.

The company was formed by Louis Hachette in 1852. Its heaviest concentration is in France, but it also operates in other countries. In 2010, the network had 1,100 shops on 4 continents. In Northern America, Relay is operated by Paradies Lagardère Travel Retail.

Vincent Bolloré
Vincent Bolloré (French pronunciation: [vɛ̃sɑ̃ bɔlɔʁe]; born 1 April 1952) is a French billionaire businessman. He was the chairman and CEO of the investment group Bolloré until his retirement from the family business in 2022. In January 2025, his net worth was estimated at US$9.9 billion.