hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Virtual ground
In electronics, a virtual ground  (or virtual earth) is a node of a circuit that is maintained at a steady reference potential, without being connected directly to the reference potential. In some cases the reference potential is considered to be that of the surface of the earth, and the reference node is called "ground" or "earth" as a consequence.

The virtual ground concept aids circuit analysis in operational amplifiers and other circuits and provides useful practical circuit effects that would be difficult to achieve in other ways.

In circuit theory, a node may have any value of current or voltage but physical implementations of a virtual ground will have limitations in terms of current handling ability and a non-zero impedance which may have practical side effects.

Node (circuits)
In electrical engineering, a node is any region or joining point on a circuit between two circuit elements. In circuit diagrams, connections are ideal wires with zero resistance.  Whether "node" refers to a single point of junction or an entire equipotential region varies by the source.

"Node"  is often used, especially in mesh analysis, to mean a principal node, which is distinct from the usage defined above. A principal node is a point in a circuit diagram where three or more connections meet. Principal nodes are important points of consideration in applying Kirchhoff's circuit laws, because conservation of current means current can split or combine at these points.

When clarification is needed, a region connecting only two circuit elements is referred to as a simple node, where there is no branching of current, while a point connecting three or more elements is a principal node. The full definition uses in this article encompasses both principal and simple nodes.
Donjuan (magazine)
Donjuan (Spanish: Don Juan) is a Colombian monthly lads mag and known for its pictorials featuring popular actresses, singers, and female models, sometimes pictured dressed, often pictured scantily dressed but not fully nude.

Lad mag
Lad mag is an informal term used for  lifestyle magazines aimed at younger heterosexual men, focusing on "sex, sport, gadgets and grooming tips", particularly in the UK in the 1990s and early 2000s. The lad mag was notable as a new type of magazine; previously, lifestyle magazines had been almost entirely bought by women. It was the central cultural component of 1990s lad culture. The rapid decline of the lad mag in the late 1990s and early 2000s is generally associated with the rise of the Internet which provided much of the same content for free.
My Hats Collection
My Hats Collection is a compilation album by Canadian new wave/synthpop group Men Without Hats, released in 2006. The compilation is notable for including "Tomorrow Today", a song by a pre-Men Without Hats band called Heaven 17 (unrelated to the British band of the same name), which featured Ivan Doroschuk on keyboards, and "Gravity is My Enemy", a song from the original demo tape that got the group signed to Statik.

Ivan Doroschuk
Ivan Eugene Doroschuk  (/ˈdɒrəstʃʌk, ˈdɒrəʃʌk/, French pronunciation: [ivɑ̃ øʒɛn dɔʁɔʃyk]) (born 9 October 1957) is an American-born Canadian singer, songwriter and musician. He is the lead vocalist and founding member of the new wave and synth-pop band Men Without Hats, best known for their songs "The Safety Dance" (1982) and "Pop Goes the World" (1987).
Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front
The Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front (Afar: Qafar Uguugumoh Demokrasiyyoh Inkiinoh Fooca; abbreviated ARDUF) is an Afar political party in Ethiopia, founded in 1993. It had been a member of the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF) coalition opposition party.

Its name is often simplified to just Uguugumo (also spelled Uguguma or Ugogomo), meaning "Revolution", a term sometimes reserved for its militant wing and often confused as being a separate organization that is simply closely tied to ARDUF.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Local Valley
Local Valley is the fourth studio album by Swedish singer-songwriter José González, released on 17 September 2021 by City Slang and Mute Records.

It succeeds González's third studio album Vestiges and Claws, which was released in 2015, as well as the live album Live in Europe.

Four singles preceded Local Valley, including "El Invento", "Visions" "Head On", and "Swing".

Vestiges & Claws
Vestiges & Claws is the third album by Swedish singer-songwriter José González, released on 17 February 2015 by Mute Records. It follows In Our Nature (2007).

The album was a commercial success and was also well received by critics. It won an IMPALA Silver Sales Award and won the IMPALA Album of the Year Award.
Victorian Railways Royal Train
The Victorian Railways' (VR) Royal Trains operated to transport members of the royal family on their numerous tours of Australia on the Victorian rail network. The same carriages were also used for a number of vice-regal trains for the governor-general of Australia and the governor of Victoria. The last Royal Train ran in 1988.

Castlemaine railway station
Castlemaine railway station is a regional railway station on the Deniliquin line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the north-western town of Castlemaine, in Victoria, Australia. Castlemaine station is a ground level staffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 21 October 1862.

The station is the terminus of the Victorian Goldfields Railway heritage services on the Maldon line. It used to be the terminus of the cross-country Castlemaine-Maryborough railway, but the section from Castlemaine to Moolort was closed in 2004, and the remaining section to Maryborough was closed in 2011.

Disused stations at Elphinstone and Taradale are located between Castlemaine and Malmsbury, while disused stations Harcourt and Ravenswood are located between Castlemaine and Kangaroo Flat. Chewton station, between Castlemaine and Malmsbury, has been demolished.
Aza-Wittig reaction
The Aza-Wittig reaction or is a chemical reaction of a carbonyl group with an aza-ylide, also known as an iminophosphorane (R3P=NR').   Aza-Wittig reactions are most commonly used to convert aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding imines. The conversion has also been practiced in an intramolecular sense, which is commonly used in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds.

Organic Syntheses
Organic Syntheses is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1921. It publishes detailed and checked procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds. A unique feature of the review process is that all of the data and experiments reported in an article must be successfully repeated in the laboratory of a member of the editorial board as a check for reproducibility prior to publication. The journal is published by Organic Syntheses, Inc., a non-profit corporation. An annual print version is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Organic Syntheses, Inc.
Chai Nat
Chai Nat (Thai: ชัยนาท, pronounced [t͡ɕʰāj nâːt]) is a town (thesaban mueang) in central Thailand, capital of Chai Nat province. It covers the whole tambon tambon Nai Mueang and parts of Ban Kluai, Tha Chai and Khao Tha Phra, all in Mueang Chai Nat district. As of 2006 it had a population of 14,469.

The town is on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. The main road through the town is Phahonyothin Road (Highway 1). Bangkok lies 188 km to the south.

According to the Ayutthaya Testimonies, the city was founded by the Siamese monarch Surindraraja in the early 11th century, who established it as the new capital of the Phraek Si Racha region, thereby superseding Phraek Si Racha as the administrative center of the polity.: 41

Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya River (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country. It flows through Bangkok and then into the Gulf of Thailand.
Taka and Toshi
Taka and Toshi (タカアンドトシ, Taka ando Toshi) is a Japanese manzai (stand-up) comedy duo (konbi) from Sapporo consisting of Takahiro Suzuki (鈴木 崇大; 4/3/1976-) a.k.a. "Taka" as boke and Toshikazu Miura (三浦 敏和; 7/17/1976-) a.k.a. "Toshi" as tsukkomi. They are under contract to the entertainment agency, Yoshimoto Kogyo. Formed in 1994, they are best known for their stand-up acts and as TV tarentos in variety shows.

Television personalities in Japan
Television personalities in Japan, known as tarento (タレント; derived from Portuguese talento) in Japanese, are celebrities who regularly appear in mass media in Japan, especially as panelists on variety shows. During the Golden Age of Hollywood, bankable stars in the United States were described as "talents" and were distinguished from production crews, which were seen as having more technical than charismatic talents.
Blogger (service)
Blogger is an American online content management system founded in 1999 that enables its users to write blogs with time-stamped entries. Pyra Labs developed it before being acquired by Google in 2003. Google hosts the blogs, which can be accessed through a subdomain of blogspot.com. Blogs can also be accessed from a user-owned custom domain (such as www.example.com) by using DNS facilities to direct a domain to Google's servers. A user can have up to 100 blogs or websites per account.

Blogger enabled users to publish blogs and websites to their own web hosting server via FTP until May 1, 2010. All such blogs and websites had to be redirected to a blogspot.com subdomain or point their own domain to Google's servers via DNS.

Content management system
A content management system (CMS) is a computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management).
It is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment, by integrating document management, digital asset management, and record retention. Alternatively, WCM is the collaborative authoring for websites and may include text and embed graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and program code that display content and interact with the user. ECM typically includes a WCM function.
Holland State Park
Holland State Park is a public recreation area covering 142 acres (57 ha) in Park Township, Ottawa County, four miles (6 km) west of the city of Holland, Michigan.  The state park consists of separate Lake Macatawa and Lake Michigan units on the northern side of the channel connecting Lake Macatawa with Lake Michigan. It is often the most visited state park in Michigan, receiving between 1.5 and 2 million visitors annually.

Ottawa County, Michigan
Ottawa County (/ˈɒtəwə/ OT-ə-wə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States 2020 Census, the population was 296,200. The county seat is Grand Haven. The county is named for the Ottawa Nation. It was set off in 1831 and organized in 1837. Ottawa County is included in the Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and has a significant Dutch American population.

Area farmers produce more than $726 million in products annually, making Ottawa County an "agricultural powerhouse" in the state.
Party Husband
Party Husband is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film produced by First National Pictures and released through their parent company Warner Bros. Pictures. It was directed by Clarence G. Badger and stars Dorothy Mackaill. It is preserved at the Library of Congress.

First National Pictures
First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company. It was founded in 1917 as First National Exhibitors' Circuit, Inc., an association of independent theatre owners in the United States, and became the country's largest theater chain. Expanding from exhibiting movies to distributing them, the company reincorporated in 1919 as Associated First National Theatres, Inc., and Associated First National Pictures, Inc. In 1924 it expanded to become a motion picture production company as First National Pictures, Inc., and became an important studio in the film industry. In September 1928, control of First National passed to Warner Bros., into which it was completely absorbed on November 4, 1929. A number of Warner Bros. films were thereafter branded First National Pictures until July 1936, when First National Pictures, Inc., was dissolved.
Adel Najafzadeh
Adel Najafzadeh (Persian: عادل نجف زاده; born November 1, 1973) is an Iranian politician. He was born in Khoy, West Azerbaijan province. He is a member of the 11th and 12th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Khoy and Chaypareh.

Khoy
Khoy (Persian: خوی) is a city in the Central District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Occupied since Median times, it shares a long history as an important Christian center.
Ural Tansykbayev Museum
The Ural Tansykbayev Museum, also known as the House-Museum of Ural Tansykbayev (Xalq rassomi akademik Oral Tansiqboev uy-muzeyi in Uzbeki) is a historic house museum dedicated to the Uzbek artist, Ural Tansykbayev located in Mirzo Ulugbek district in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. It also houses some of his paintings.

Ural Tansykbayev
Ural Tansykbaevich Tansykbayev (1 January 1904, in Tashkent, Russian Empire – 18 April 1974, in Nukus, Karakalpak ASSR) was an Uzbek painter of Kazakh descent. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR and People's Artist of the Uzbek SSR in the category visual art.
Murray Fromson
Murray Fromson (September 1, 1929 – June 9, 2018) was a CBS correspondent and professor emeritus at University of Southern California's School of Journalism, and Center on Public Diplomacy.  He was educated in the Los Angeles Unified School District, including Belmont High School in Downtown Los Angeles.

USC Center on Public Diplomacy
The University of Southern California Center on Public Diplomacy is an academic research, teaching and training center created by the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism and the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences' School of International Relations at University of Southern California.

In 2008, USC received the inaugural Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy from the U.S. State Department in recognition of the university's teaching, training, and research in public diplomacy.

The USC Center on Public Diplomacy and Portland, a UK-based consultancy firm, together have published an annual Soft Power 30 index.

The USC Center on Public Diplomacy is a full member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a group of public policy, public administration, and international studies schools.
N-Acetylanthranilic acid
N-Acetylanthranilic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C9H9NO3. It is an intermediate product in catabolism of quinaldine in Arthrobacter sp., and is further metabolized to anthranilic acid.

N-Acetylanthranilic acid can be synthesized from 2-bromoacetanilide via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation in tri-n-butylamine-water at 110–130 °C, under 3 atm of carbon monoxide. In the laboratory, it can be easily synthesized from anthranilic acid and acetic anhydride.

N-Acetylanthranilic acid exhibits triboluminescence when crushed. The fractured crystals have large electrical potentials between areas of high and low charge. When the electrons suddenly migrate to neutralize these potentials, flashes of deep blue light are created.

In the United States, it is a Drug Enforcement Administration-controlled List I chemical, because it has been used in the synthesis of methaqualone.

Quinaldine
Quinaldine or 2-methylquinoline is an organic compound with the formula CH3C9H6N.  It is one of the methyl derivatives of the heterocyclic compound quinoline.  It is bioactive and is used in the preparation of various dyes.  It is a colorless oil but commercial samples can appear colored.
Athletics at the 1979 Pan American Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
The men's 4 × 400 metres relay competition of the athletics events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 13 and 14 July at the Estadio Sixto Escobar. The defending Pan American Games champion was the United States team.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
John Walsh (artist)
John Walsh is a painter who was born in 1954 in Tolaga Bay, New Zealand. He is of Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti/ New Zealand Irish descent. Although he attended Ilam School of Fine Arts in Christchurch between 1973 and 1974, he is largely a self-taught artist. He now lives and works in Wellington, New Zealand.

Tolaga Bay
Tolaga Bay (Māori: Ūawa) is both a bay and small town on the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island located 45 kilometres northeast of Gisborne and 30 kilometres south of Tokomaru Bay.

The region around the bay is rugged and remote, and for many years the only access to the town was by boat. Because the bay is shallow, a long wharf – the second longest in New Zealand (600m) after the Tiwai Point wharf at Bluff (1,500m) – was built in the 1920s to accommodate visiting vessels. The last cargo ship to use the wharf loaded a cargo of maize in 1967.

The town is a popular holiday spot. Its population is predominantly Māori, a centre of the Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti hapū and home of chief Te Kani-a-Takirau (died c. 1856) and tohunga Te Rangiuia (died 1850).
Volkswagen Kommandeurswagen
The Volkswagen Typ 87, also known as the Kommandeurswagen, is a World War II, four-wheel-drive version of the Volkswagen Beetle. It was produced from 1941 to 1944 by the Volkswagen plant, primarily for high officers of the Wehrmacht (German armed forces). The Wehrmacht classified the Kommandeurswagen as leichter geländegängiger PKW, 4-sitziger, 4-radgetriebener Geländewagen Typ 87. ("light offroad passenger car, four seat, four-wheel drive offroad vehicle Type 87").

The engine and drive-train, including portal geared wheel hubs, are the same as in the Volkswagen Typ 166 Schwimmwagen amphibious vehicle. 564 units of the Kommandeurswagen were produced; in November 1946, the Volkswagen plant — by then under British control — produced two more vehicles using spare parts from stores.

Portal axle
A portal axle (or portal gear lift) is an off-road vehicle suspension and drive technology in which the axle tube or the half-shaft is offset from – usually above – the center of the wheel hub and driving power is transferred to each wheel through a simple gearbox built onto each hub. It has two advantages over a non-offset axle: first, ground clearance is increased, particularly beneath the low-slung differential housing of the main axles; second, any hub reduction gearing allows the axle half shafts to deliver the same power but at reduced torque (by using higher shaft speed), which reduces load on the axle crown wheel and differential.

The portal gear configuration is also sometimes called a drop gear or drop gearset configuration (which, despite its similarity to the term dropped axle, produces the opposite effect).
Hamasaki
Hamasaki or Hamazaki (written: 浜崎 lit. "seashore cape") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ayumi Hamasaki (浜崎 あゆみ, born 1978), Japanese singer-songwriter, actress and model

Masahiro Hamazaki (浜崎 昌弘, 1940–2011), Japanese footballer

Shinji Hamazaki (浜崎 真二, 1901–1989), Japanese baseball player and manager

Yuhua Hamasaki (born 1990), American drag queen

Shinji Hamazaki
Shinji Hamazaki (浜崎 真二, 10 December 1901 – May 6, 1981) was a Japanese baseball player and manager. Thought short in stature, Hamazaki was well known for his forceful personality. He is a member of the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.

Hamazaki attended Hiroshima Shogyo High School and Keio University.

Hamazaki was signed at age 45 by the Hankyu Braves in 1947 prior to the draft, having previously played for the Chinese mainland Industrial League Mantetsu Club. He began as a player-manager for the Braves.

In 1950, at age 48 years, 4 months, Hamazki became the oldest Japanese pitcher to win a professional game. That record stood until September 5, 2014, when Masahiro Yamamoto, aged 49 years, 25 days, defeated the Hanshin Tigers.

Finally retiring as a player in 1950, Hamazaki continued managing the Braves through 1953. He later managed the Takahashi/Tombo Unions and the Kokutetsu Swallows. His career managing record was 535-639, a .456 winning percentage.
Scottish Gaelic orthography
Scottish Gaelic orthography has evolved over many centuries and is heavily etymologizing in its modern form. This means the orthography tends to preserve historical components rather than operating on the principles of a phonemic orthography where the graphemes correspond directly to phonemes. This allows the same written form in Scottish Gaelic to result in a multitude of pronunciations, depending on the spoken variant of Scottish Gaelic. For example, the word coimhead ('watching') may result in [ˈkʰõ.ət̪], [ˈkʰɔ̃jət̪], [ˈkʰɤi.ət̪], or [ˈkʰɛ̃.ət̪]. Conversely, it allows the sometimes highly divergent phonetic forms to be covered by a single written form, rather than requiring multiple written forms.

Phonemic orthography
A phonemic orthography is an orthography in which the graphemes correspond consistently to the language's phonemes, or more generally to the language's diaphonemes. Phonemic orthographies have the highest possible level of orthographic depth, as they have exact grapheme to phoneme correspondence.

For a systemic analysis of the phoneme/grapheme correspondence, Petr Sgall distinguishes two conditions, both of which are to be satisfied for a phonemic orthography:

in any context, a given grapheme is pronounced as the same phoneme ("uniqueness of pronunciation")

in any context, a given phoneme is written with the same grapheme ("uniqueness of spelling")
Ivana Bratic
Ivana Bratic (born 26 September 1988 in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia) is a Danish curler from Hørsholm.

She was alternate for the Danish team at the 2010 Ford World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, Canada.

Hørsholm
Hørsholm (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhɶɐ̯sˌhʌlˀm]) is an urban area on the Øresund coast approximately 25 km (15.53 mi) north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers most of Hørsholm Municipality and straddles the borders neighbouring Fredensborg Municipality and Rudersdal Municipality.

Hørsholm proper is developed around Hirschholm Palace, which was constructed in the 1730s, but the town has later absorbed several of the nearby communities that are of much older origins.
Avvakir
Avvakir (Russian: Авваки́р) is an old and uncommon Russian Christian male first name. It derives from the Biblical Hebrew word abba, meaning father, combined with the first name Kir.

Its diminutive is Kira (Ки́ра). The patronymics derived from this first name are "Авваки́рович" (Avvakirovich; masculine) and "Авваки́ровна" (Avvakirovna; feminine).

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.