hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subject matter in Canadian patent law
In Canadian patent law, only “inventions” are patentable. Under the Patent Act, only certain categories of things may be considered and defined as inventions. Therefore, if a patent discloses an item that fulfills the requirements of novelty, non-obviousness and utility, it may nonetheless be found invalid on the grounds that it does not fall within one of the statutory categories of “invention”. Since the Patent Act, the categories of patentable subject matter have been defined and interpreted by Canadian courts.

Inventive step and non-obviousness
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, "[the] nonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art".

The expression "inventive step" is used in European Patent Convention and in Patent Cooperation Treaty, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom.
Dana J. H. Pittard
Dana James Hillian Pittard (born March 11, 1959) is a retired United States Army general officer. He served as Joint Force Land Component Commander-Iraq (JFLCC-I) from June 9, 2014, during the coalition response to the incursions by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Daesh) into Iraq from Syria. Pittard was deputy commanding general of operations (DCG-O) for ARCENT, the United States Central Command/Third Army, based in Kuwait, until 2015. He was also the commanding general of the 1st Armored Division and Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas. He was also Deputy Chief of Staff of Operations & Training at the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) at Fort Monroe, Virginia and commanding general of the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California.

1st Armored Division (United States)
The 1st Armored Division, nicknamed "Old Ironsides", is a combined arms division of the United States Army. The division is part of III Armored Corps and operates out of Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas. It was the first armored division of the United States Army to see battle in World War II. Since World War II, the division has been involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis, Persian Gulf War, Iraq, Afghanistan, and several other operations. The division has also received numerous awards and recognition.
Jordan Machado
Jordan Jean Luc Agostinho Machado (born 28 January 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Championnat National 3 club Corte. Born in France, he is a former Portugal youth international.

USC Corte
Union Sportive des Clubs du Cortenais is a French association football team founded in 1908. It is based in Corte, Haute-Corse, France. The club currently plays in Régional 1, the sixth tier of football in France. They were finally promoted in 2020, after controversially being denied promotion in 2019, despite winning a decision via the Corsica league appeal board, which was later overturned by the FFF. It plays at the Parc des Sports de Chabrières in Corte, which has a capacity of 1,000.

The club was originally called US Corte, but changed its name in 1998 after it merged with amateur side FC Corte Castrila.
Satdobato Youth Club
Satdobato Youth Club (formally known as Satdobato FC) is a Nepalese professional football club from Satdobato, Lalitpur. In 2021, the club was first promoted to play in Nepali top flight, the Martyr's Memorial A-Division League.

Lalitpur, Nepal
Lalitpur (Nepali: ललितपुर)  is a metropolitan city and  fourth most populous city of Nepal with 299,843 inhabitants living in 77,159 households per the 2021 census. It is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley, a large valley in the high plateaus in central Nepal, at an altitude of 1,350 metres (4,430 feet).

Its cultural heritage includes a tradition of arts and crafts. It has a multi-ethnic population with a Hindu and Buddhist majority. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Tourism is an important part of the city's economy and it stages festivals and feasts,  Lalitpur is home to Patan Durbar Square, which has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Watch Hill (New York)
Watch Hill is a campground and marina located on Fire Island, a barrier island off the south shore of New York's Long Island. The park is located across the Great South Bay from Patchogue and is contained within the Fire Island National Seashore.

Watch Hill is located on the western edge of the 1,363-acre (5.52 km2) Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness, the only federally designated wilderness area in the State of New York, containing a variety of barrier island ecosystems in relatively undisturbed condition.

Great South Bay
The Great South Bay is a lagoon situated between Long Island and Fire Island, in the State of New York. It is about 45 miles (72 km) long and has an average depth of 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 m) and is 20 feet (6.1 m) at its deepest. It is protected from the Atlantic Ocean by Fire Island, a barrier island, as well as the eastern end of Jones Beach Island and Captree Island.

The Robert Moses Causeway adjoins the Great South Bay Bridge, which leads to Robert Moses State Park.

The bay is accessible from the ocean through Fire Island Inlet, which lies between the western tip of Fire Island and the eastern tip of Jones Beach Island. The bay adjoins South Oyster Bay on its western end, and Patchogue and Moriches bays at the east end.
Crane Co.
Crane Co. is an American industrial products company based in Stamford, Connecticut.  Founded by Richard Teller Crane in 1855, it became one of the leading manufacturers of bathroom fixtures in the United States, until 1990, when that division was sold off. In 1960 it began the process of becoming a holding company with a diverse portfolio.  Its business segments are Aerospace & Electronics, Engineered Materials (fiberglass paneling and telecom equipment), Fluid Handling, and Controls (sensing and control systems).  Industries served by these segments include chemical industries, commercial construction, food and beverage, general and commercial aviation, and power generation.

The company was best known to the consumer public for its bathroom fixtures, and more recently, its vending machines. However, it has divested itself of both of these public-facing businesses.

Product (business)
In marketing and economics, a product is any object, service, or system offered to a market to satisfy a customer’s need or want. Products may be tangible, such as physical goods that can be touched and owned, or intangible, such as services, digital offerings, or rights that provide value without physical form. Products are created through processes of design, production, and distribution, and they play a central role in commercial exchange, consumer behavior, and organizational strategy.

Beyond marketing, the term product is also used in fields such as manufacturing, where it refers to finished goods derived from raw materials, and project management, where it denotes deliverables produced to achieve defined objectives. Because products directly affect consumer safety, economic activity, and environmental sustainability, they are often subject to regulation, classification systems, and information-disclosure requirements across different jurisdictions.
Young the Giant (album)
Young the Giant is the debut album by American indie rock band Young the Giant. It was released digitally by the Roadrunner record label on October 26, 2010, and was followed by a physical CD and vinyl release in the United States on January 25, 2011. The album was released in the United Kingdom on May 2, 2011.

The band began work on the album with producer Joe Chiccarelli, engineers Lars Fox and Ian Kirkpatrick, and mixer Michael H. Brauer in early 2010. Young the Giant lead singer Sameer Gadhia described the album as having a "summery, kind of an Orange County sound." Songs on the album include the U.S. single "My Body", which reached the top five of Billboard's Alternative Songs chart; "Apartment", the first international single; and "Cough Syrup", which was originally recorded for the 2008 EP Shake My Hand when the band was known as The Jakes.

Grotus
Grotus, stylized as G̈r̈oẗus̈, was an industrial rock band from San Francisco, active from 1989 to 1996. Their unique sound incorporated sampled ethnic instruments, two drummers, and two bassists, and featured angry but humorous lyrics.
Solsidan season 1
The first season of Solsidan, a Swedish television comedy series, created by comedian and actor Felix Herngren, Jacob Seth Fransson, Ulf Kvensler and Pontus Edgren premiered on January 29, 2010 on TV4 and ended on April 9, 2010. The series is about Alex (Felix Herngren) and Anna (Mia Skäringer), a couple expecting their first child and planning to move to where Alex grew up, the posh neighbourhood of Solsidan, the name of which means "The Sunny Side". The show has been sold internationally and will be aired in Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. On December 3, 2010, the producers announced that the script to the series had been sold to the American network ABC, which plans to create their own version of the series to air in the United States.

TV4 (Swedish TV channel)
TV4 (TV fyra) is a Swedish free-to-air television network owned by TV4 AB, a subsidiary of the TV4 Media AB. It started broadcasting by satellite in 1990 and, since 1992, on terrestrial television. In 1994, TV4 became the largest channel and remained so for a number of years. The two channels of Sveriges Television (SVT) lost more and more viewers for a couple of years. After making schedule changes in 2001, SVT1 had practically the same numbers of viewers as TV4. From 2004 to 2019, the TV4 Group was a fully active member of the European Broadcasting Union.
2025 Putra Heights pipeline fire
On 1 April 2025 at around 8:08 am, a major industrial incident occurred in Putra Heights, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, when a Petronas gas pipeline leak triggered an explosion and subsequent fire. The blaze produced flames as high as 30 metres (98 feet). A total of 150 people were injured, and emergency evacuations were conducted within a 290 metres (950 feet) radius of the site.

Port Klang
Port Klang (Malay: Pelabuhan Klang) is the principal port of Malaysia on the Strait of Malacca. Known during colonial times as Port Swettenham (Malay: Pelabuhan Swettenham), it was renamed Port Klang in July 1972 and has since become the largest port in the country. It is located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the town of Klang, and 38 kilometres (24 mi) southwest of Kuala Lumpur.

Port Klang was also known as the "National Load Centre".

Located in the District of Klang, it was the 14th busiest container port (2022) in the world. It was also the 12th busiest port in by volume (million TEU) in 2018 and as of July 2020 was the top location for aluminium stockholding for LME, the top metal exchange in the world.
Crown Lands Act 1851
The Crown Lands Act 1851 (14 & 15 Vict. c. 42) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that established the Commissioners of Works as the body responsible for management of royal parks and gardens, specifically;

Saint James's Park

Hyde Park

Green Park

Kensington Gardens

Chelsea Garden

Treasury Garden

Parliament Square Garden

Regent's Park

Primrose Hill

Victoria Park

Battersea Park

Greenwich Park

Kew Gardens, Pleasure Grounds, and Green

Kew and Richmond Roads

Hampton Court Gardens, Green, and Road

Hampton Court Park

Richmond Park and Richmond Green

Bushey Park

Holyrood Park

Victoria Park, Tower Hamlets
Victoria Park (known colloquially as Vicky Park or the People's Park) is a park in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London, England.

It is the largest park in Tower Hamlets and one of London's most visited green spaces, with approximately 9 million visitors each year. The park spans 86.18 hectares (213.0 acres) of open space and opened to the public in 1845.
Vennala Mohan
Mohan Kumar P.P., also known as Vennala Mohan, is a multi-faceted artist with diverse contributions in Malayalam, including work as a novelist, short story writer, script writer, lyricist, poet, actor and dubbing artist. He has also anchored many programs in All India Radio and Doordarshan. Additionally, he holds a diploma in journalism and has worked with several leading media houses in Kerala and Lakshadweep.

All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani (lit. 'Voice from the sky'  or 'Oracle'), is India's state-owned public radio broadcaster. Founded in 1936, it operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and is one of the two divisions of Prasar Bharati. Headquartered at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.
Leaf wrap
Leaf wrap or leafwrap is a term for various foods that are wrapped in leaves:

Lo mai gai, a Cantonese leaf-wrapped dim sum

Ssam, a Korean dish of various fillings wrapped in leafy vegetables

Zongzi, a Chinese dish of rice and various fillings wrapped in leaves

Lo mai gai
Lo mai gai (Chinese: 糯米雞; Jyutping: no6 mai5 gai1; Cantonese Yale: noh mái gāi), literally "glutinous rice chicken", is a classic dim sum dish served during yum cha. The portion size of lo mai gai is generally quite large, so there is a smaller variant created known as jan ju gai (Chinese: 珍珠雞; Jyutping: zan1 zyu1 gai1; Cantonese Yale: jān jyū gāi; lit. 'pearl chicken').
Zenrin
Zenrin Co. Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社ゼンリン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Zenrin) is a Japanese map publishing company. Founded in 1948 as the Tourism and Culture Advertising Company (観光文化宣伝社, Kankō Bunka Sendensha) in Beppu, Kyūshū, the company is known as a maker of residential maps and software used in personal computers and automotive navigation systems. It is a leading Japanese company in the production of mapping software.

Beppu
Beppu (別府市, Beppu-shi) is a city in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of November 30, 2023, the city had a population of 113,045 in 62,702 households, and a population density of 900 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 125.34 km2 (48.39 sq mi). Beppu is famous for its hot springs. In 2024, Beppu celebrated its centenary as a city.
Sangita Mukhopadhyay
Sangita Mukhopadhyay (born 1 January 1966) is an Indian molecular cell biologist, immunologist and the head of the molecular biology group at the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics. Known for her studies on immunosuppression and infection biology, Mukhopadhyay is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies namely the Indian National Science Academy, the Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded her the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences in 2008.

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, named after the "third world" group of non-aligned states. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.
1974–75 2. Bundesliga
The 1974–75 2. Bundesliga season was the inaugural season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was played in two regional divisions, Nord and Süd.

Hannover 96, Bayer 05 Uerdingen and Karlsruher SC were promoted to the Bundesliga while Olympia Wilhelmshaven, Rot-Weiß Oberhausen, VfL Wolfsburg, HSV Barmbek-Uhlenhorst, VfR Heilbronn, Borussia Neunkirchen, VfR Wormatia Worms and VfR Mannheim were relegated to the Oberligas and Amateurligas.

2. Bundesliga Nord (1974–1981)
The 2. Bundesliga Nord was the second-highest level of the West German football league system in the north of West Germany from its introduction in 1974 until the formation of the single-division 2. Bundesliga in 1981. It covered the northern states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and the city of West Berlin.
Rebecca John
Rebecca John (born 15 April 1970) is a presenter and reporter for Wales Today, BBC Wales on British television.

John was born in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.  She read for a degree in French and German at Robinson College, Cambridge, between 1989 and 1993, before completing a postgraduate course in journalism at Trinity & All Saints College. Her first job was a news reporter and presenter at Swansea Sound. She moved to work for BBC Wales in 1994 working in radio news for three years before becoming a TV reporter and news presenter.

Rebecca has also started to learn Welsh and has appeared on the S4C Welsh learners programme, Welsh in a Week.

She lives in Pontcanna, Cardiff.

BBC Cymru Wales
BBC Cymru Wales is a division of the BBC and the main public broadcaster in Wales.

It is one of the four BBC national regions, alongside the BBC English Regions, BBC Northern Ireland and BBC Scotland. Established in 1964, BBC Cymru Wales is based in Cardiff and directly employs some 1,200 people to produce a range of programmes for television, radio and online services in both English and Welsh.

BBC Cymru Wales operates two TV channels (BBC One Wales, BBC Two Wales) and three radio stations (BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru and BBC Radio Cymru 2). The total budget for BBC Cymru Wales (including S4C's £76 million) is £151 million, £31 million of which is for BBC-produced television productions.
Linguaglossa
Linguaglossa (Sicilian: Linguarossa) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania in Sicily, located on the northern side of Mount Etna where there is also a ski resort with view on the Ionian Sea. It was founded on a lava stream in 1566. The name literally means 'Tongue Tongue', with lingua and γλῶσσα (glôssa) being respectively the Latin and Greek words for 'tongue', but actually derives from lingua grossa, short for grossa lingua di lava 'a big tongue of lava'.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Channel 41 digital TV stations in the United States
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 41 in the United States:

K41HQ-D in Quanah, Texas, to move to channel 24

WFYW-LP in Waterville, Maine, to move to channel 35

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital channel 41:

K41BW-D in New Mobeetie, Texas

K41GI-D in Imlay, Nevada

K41HH-D in Austin, Nevada

K41JF-D in Hagerman, Idaho

K41KZ-D in Chalfant Valley, California

K41MX-D in Perryton, Texas

KLMW-LD in Lufkin, Texas

KMMA-CD in San Luis Obispo, California

KQLP-LD in Lincoln, Nebraska

KTJX-LD in College Station, Texas

WFRW-LD in Enterprise, Alabama

WIFR in Freeport, Illinois

WRZY-LD in Buxton, North Carolina

KVII-TV
KVII-TV (channel 7) in Amarillo, Texas, and KVIH-TV (channel 12) in Clovis, New Mexico, are television stations affiliated with ABC and The CW Plus. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, the stations maintain studios at One Broadcast Center between South Pierce and South Buchanan streets in downtown Amarillo. KVII-TV's transmitter is located west of US 87/287, in unincorporated Potter County, Texas, while KVIH-TV's tower is sited along State Road 88 east of Portales, New Mexico.

KVIH-TV operates as a full-time satellite of KVII-TV, covering areas of northeastern and east-central New Mexico; its existence is only acknowledged in station identifications. Aside from its transmitter, KVIH-TV does not maintain any physical presence in Clovis.
Antonio Vasconcelos Rueda
Antonio Vasconcelos Rueda (born 21 August 1970) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). 
In the 2006 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Puebla's 8th district during the 60th session of Congress.

8th federal electoral district of Puebla
The 8th federal electoral district of Puebla (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 08 de Puebla) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 16 such districts in the state of Puebla.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Carlos Ignacio Mier Bañuelos of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Stupid Man, Smart Phone
Stupid Man, Smart Phone is a British reality TV series which sees Russell Kane dropped into a different, treacherous environment every episode. Kane and a guest must survive with no training or knowledge of the local language or customs, only their mobile phones.

Commissioned by BBC Three and BBC Worldwide, it is a co-production from Kalel Productions and Second Star, part of Objective Media Group. It aired on BBC Three and BBC Two in May 2016.

The Guardian described it as "entertaining (and) amusing", and preferable to Bear Grylls.

Objective Media Group
Objective Media Group (OMG), previously known as Objective Productions, is a media production company. It has produced shows including The Cube, Lingo, The Gold, Feel Good, Peep Show, Fresh Meat, and Toast of London. The company has offices in London, Manchester, Glasgow, Scotland and Los Angeles, California.

Objective has won a number of awards including BAFTA, RTS Awards, British Comedy Awards, Rose d'Or, Monte Carlo Golden Nymphs and the South Bank Show.