hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Southern dialect
Many languages have a southern dialect, sometimes more than one. This page does not list all possible southern dialects; you may have better luck looking up the language in question. See also Category:Languages.

Amami

There are at least two southern dialects of English:
Southern American English
Southern English of England

Welsh

Southern dialect of the New Mixed Dialects of Polish

New mixed dialects
The new mixed dialects (Polish: nowe dialekty mieszane) is a group of koiné dialects of Polish language, formed in the process of dialect levelling, that are nearly identical to the literary form of Standard Polish. They are present in Western and Northern Poland, mostly within the borders of voivodeships of West Pomerania, Lubusz, Lower Silesia, Pomerania, and the northern part of Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, within the area historically described as Western Borderlands, but is also present in other areas.
Afon Ysgir
Afon Ysgir is a river which rises on the southern slopes of Mynydd Epynt in Powys, Wales. The tributaries known as Ysgir Fawr and Ysgir Fechan flow past the hamlets of Pont Rhyd-y-berry and Merthyr Cynog to combine at Pont-faen and continue past the village of Battle to join the River Usk at Aberyscir.

Its upper reaches are within the military training area of SENTA, the British Army's Sennybridge Training Area.

Near its mouth is a motte, the historic church at Aberyscir and east of the river, the Roman fort of CICVCIVM or Brecon Gaer.  Along with other tributaries of the Usk, the river is designated as a special area of conservation or 'SAC' for various species of fish including lamprey, the twaite shad and the European bullhead.

Twait shad
The twait shad or twaite shad (Alosa fallax) is a species of fish in the family Alosidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and is an anadromous fish which lives in the sea but migrates into fresh water to spawn. In appearance it resembles an Atlantic herring but has a row of six to ten distinctive spots on its silvery flanks. They become mature when three or more years old and migrate to estuaries, later swimming up rivers to spawn. Populations of this fish have declined due to overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction. Conservation of this species is covered by Appendix III of the Bern Convention  and Appendix II and V of the European Community Habitats Directive.
Acalolepta formosana
Acalolepta formosana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1935. It is endemic to Taiwan.

Acalolepta formosana measure 17–27 mm (0.67–1.06 in) in body length.

Stephan von Breuning (entomologist)
Stephan von Breuning (21 November 1894 – 11 March 1983) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in the study of beetles (coleopterology), particularly within the Carabus, Calosoma and Ceroglossus (all of them are genera of the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles) and the longhorn family (Cerambycidae).
Synthetic rubber
A synthetic rubber is an artificial elastomer. They are polymers synthesized from petroleum byproducts. About 32 million tonnes (35 million short tons; 31 million long tons) of rubber is produced annually in the United States, and of that amount two thirds are synthetic. Synthetic rubber, just like natural rubber, has many uses in the automotive industry for tires, door and window profiles, seals such as O-rings and gaskets, hoses, belts, matting, and flooring. They offer a different range of physical and chemical properties which can improve the reliability of a given product or application. Synthetic rubbers are superior to natural rubbers in two major respects: thermal stability, and resistance to oils and related compounds.  They are more resistant to oxidizing agents, such as oxygen and ozone which can reduce the life of products like tires.

Mat
A mat is a hard or soft floor covering that generally is placed on a floor or other flat surface. Mats serve a range of purposes including:

serving to clean items passed over it, such as a doormat, which removes dirt from the soles of shoes

protecting that which is above the mat, such as a wrestling or gymnastics mat, or an anti-vibration mat

protecting that which is beneath the mat, such as a place mat
Giovanni di Giacomo Gavazzi
Giovanni di Giacomo Gavazzi, also called Giacomo Gavasio (16th-century) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance style.

He was a native of Poscante, in the valley of Brembana. He appears to have trained and worked mainly in Bergamo early in the 16th century, but few records exist. He is the author of five arched panels with figures of the Apostles, and of three paintings in tempera of half-length figures of Saints and Bishops in couples, on a gold ground, in the Lochis-Carrara Gallery in Bergamo. There is also a painting by him of The Virgin crowned by Angels, dated 1512, in the church of Sant' Alessandro in Colonna.

Accademia Carrara
The Accademia Carrara  (Italian pronunciation: [karˈraːra]), officially Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo, is an art gallery and an academy of fine arts in Bergamo, in Lombardy in northern Italy. The art gallery was established in about 1780 by Giacomo Carrara, a Bergamasco collector or conoscitore of the arts. The academy of fine arts was added to it in 1794.: 293  The school was recognised by the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, the Italian ministry of education, in 1988: 293  and in 2023 merged with the Conservatorio Gaetano Donizetti to form the Politecnico delle Arti di Bergamo.
AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match
The AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match was a one-off all-star game between two representative sides organised by the Australian Football League to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Australian rules football. The match was intended to celebrate the contribution of State of Origin and interstate matches to the history of the code.

The match was played on 10 May 2008 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia, between Victoria (the "Big V") and the "Dream Team", with a crowd of 69,294 in attendance.Victoria won the match by 17 points: 21.11 (137) to 18.12 (120).

Representative side
In sports a national representative side or team is one that plays under the national name.  The phrase is often used to indicate that the team is not the official main national team.  Such unofficial or subsidiary teams are usually legitimate but rarely exist for longer than a single game or competition.
Tartit
Tartit (meaning "union") are a band from the Tombouctou Region of Mali. The group consists of five women and four men, all of whom are Tamasheq-speaking Tuareg. They formed in 1992 in a refugee camp in Mauritania. Imharhan, an expanded group that includes current and former Tartit members, incorporates electric instruments and cross-cultural experiments into their music.

Tombouctou Region
Tombouctou Region or Timbuktu Region (Bambara: ߕߎߡߎߕߎ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ, Tumutu Dineja) is one of the administrative regions of Mali. For administrative purposes, the region is subdivided into five cercles.

The region is part of northern Mali that was separated and declared independent by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) during the Tuareg rebellion of 2012. In the course of the conflict, the MNLA lost control of the territory to Islamist militias.

Tombouctou Region is world-famous for its capital, the ancient city Timbuktu (French: Tombouctou), synonymous to 19th-century Europeans with an elusive, hard-to-reach destination. The city gained fame in 1390 when its ruler, Mansa Musa I, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, stopping with his entourage in Egypt and dispensing enough gold to devalue the Egyptian currency. This started the legend of a city in the interior of Africa, where roads were said to be paved with gold and buildings topped with roofs of gold.
French Fencing Federation
The French Fencing Federation (French: Fédération Française d'Escrime - FFE) is the national governing body for fencing in France. It is affiliated with the International Fencing Federation. The president is Bruno Gares, and the treasurer is Sylvie Sormail. The organisation was founded in 1906, and has its headquarters in Noisy-Le-Grand.

International Fencing Federation
The   International Fencing Federation  (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) commonly known by the acronym FIE, is the international governing body of Olympic fencing. Today, its head office is at the Maison du Sport International in Lausanne, Switzerland. The FIE is composed of 155 national federations, each of which is recognized by its country's Olympic Committee as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
Narrow-gauge railways in the Netherlands
Numerous industrial narrow-gauge lines were built for peat extraction, clay extraction for brickworks and construction sites. The dominant gauge for industrial lines was 700 mm (2 ft 3+9⁄16 in), contrary to the 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge used in neighbouring countries.

Nowadays, much of this industrial rail heritage is preserved in museums or in theme parks, such as the Efteling Steam Train Company.

The majority of the Dutch narrow-gauge railways were built as steam tram networks, predominantly with 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) and 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) track gauge.

Decauville
Decauville (French: [dəkovil]) was a manufacturing company which was founded by Paul Decauville (1846–1922), a French pioneer in industrial railways. Decauville's major innovation was the use of ready-made sections of light, narrow-gauge track fastened to steel sleepers; this track was portable and could be disassembled and transported very easily.

The first Decauville railway used 400 mm (15+3⁄4 in) gauge; Decauville later refined his invention and switched to 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge.
Today Decauville is a sales company for the products of its parentcompany, it belongs to CTELM, a holding belonging to Fassi-cranes for the french market.
Kurt Joachim Fischer
Kurt Joachim Fischer (1 June 1911 – 14 March 1979) was a German writer who worked as a journalist, film critic and screenwriter. He was the co-founder and first director of the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg.

International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg
The Mannheim-Heidelberg International Film Festival (German: Internationales Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg), often referred to by the German-language initialism IFFMH, is an annual film festival established in 1952 hosted jointly by the cities of Mannheim and Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg, the southwest region of Germany.

The festival focuses on arthouse and auteur cinema produced by international newcomer directors, and historically it served as a springboard for many experimental filmmakers from cinemas that have been overlooked by Western audiences. It is the second-oldest film festival in Germany, behind only the Berlinale. Originally held in Mannheim, since 1994 is co-hosted by Mannheim and Heidelberg, two neighboring cities which are less than 20 kilometers away from each other. The festival usually takes places in October or November.

The last edition, the 70th IFFMH, was held in November 2021, and the next edition is scheduled to take place on 17–27 November 2022.
Pinakadimi
Pinakadimi is a village in Eluru district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pedavegi mandal of Eluru revenue division. It is located at a distance of 7 km from district headquarters Eluru city.

Pinakadimi village has private and public schools. This village has degree collage and Dental college. Boundaries shows to Duggirala for these colleges but these are in Pinakadimi.

Pinakadimi  is a village mainly depended on agriculture . This village given so many educated people who are working in different countries and different states of India.

There are 5 parts in Pinakadimi call it as Padamati Donka, Uttara Donka, Pedda Cheruvu, Main Village, Gudems and Tammiledu side.

Eluru district
Eluru district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in  the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Eluru is its administrative headquarters. It is  formed from  from erstwhile West Godavari and  Krishna districts on 4 April 2022. It was restructured on 16 February 2023 with the transfer of Ganapavaram mandal to West Godavari district
Modimolle Local Municipality
Modimolle Local Municipality was a municipality located in the Waterberg District Municipality of Limpopo province, South Africa. The seat of Modimolle Local Municipality was Modimolle.

After municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the new and larger Modimolle–Mookgophong Local Municipality.

Modimolle
Modimolle, also known as Nylstroom, is a town located near the southern edge of the Waterberg Massif in Limpopo province, South Africa. It is a medium-sized town that focuses primarily on agriculture and farming (citrus, grapes and cattle) as well as wildlife and tourism. Nylstroom is also located approximately 135 kilometres (84 miles) north of Pretoria, South Africa's capital city.

The Waterberg Biosphere spreading north, a UNESCO designated Biosphere Reserve, contains approximately 15,000 square kilometres (5,792 square miles).  Waterberg is the first region in the northern part of South Africa to be named as a Biosphere Reserve by  UNESCO. The extensive rock formation was shaped by hundreds of millions of years of riverine erosion to yield diverse bluff and butte landform.  The ecosystem can be characterised as a dry deciduous forest or Bushveld.
Urodan
Urodan (Russian: Уродан; Yakut: Уродаан, Urodaan) is a rural locality (a selo), and one of two settlements in Berezovsky National Nomadic Rural Okrug of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in addition to Berezovka, the administrative center of the Rural Okrug. It is located 174 kilometers (108 mi) from Srednekolymsk, the administrative center of the district and 41 kilometers (25 mi) from Berezovka. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 8; down from 25 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Srednekolymsky District
Srednekolymsky District (Russian: Среднеколы́мский улу́с; Yakut: Орто Халыма улууһа, Orto Xalıma uluuha, [oɾto xalɯma uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Verkhnekolymsky District in the south, Abyysky District in the west, Allaikhovsky District in the northwest, Nizhnekolymsky District in the north, Bilibinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the east, and with Srednekansky District of Magadan Oblast in the southeast. The area of the district is 125,200 square kilometers (48,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Srednekolymsk. Population: 7,897 (2010 Census); 8,353 (2002 Census); 9,441 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Srednekolymsk accounts for 44.6% of the district's total population.
Betsy Prioleau
Betsy Prioleau is an American author and cultural historian. Prioleau's books include  Swoon: Great Seducers and Why Women Love Them and Seductress: Women Who Ravished the World and Their Lost Art of Love, and Diamonds and Deadlines: A Tale of Greed, Deceit, and A Female Tycoon in the Gilded Age.

Cultural history
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.
Mughal conquest of Kamrup
The Mughal conquest of Kamrup or Mughal conquest of Koch Hajo was a 1613 military campaign led by Mughal commanders Shaikh Kamal and Mukarram Khan against Raja Parikshit of the Koch Dynasty. Following the successful siege of Dhubri, the campaign was briefly stalled by unauthorized peace negotiations initiated by Shaikh Kamal, who accepted a massive indemnity of elephants and gold in exchange for the Raja's autonomy. However, the Subahdar of Bengal, Islam Khan I, rejected the truce, confiscated the tribute, and ordered the total annexation of Kamrup to establish firm Mughal authority in the region.

Susenghphaa
Susenghphaa (c. 1545 – 1641), also known as Pratap Singha, was the 17th and one of the most prominent kings of the Ahom kingdom. As he was advanced in years when he became king, he is also called the burha Raja (Old king). His reign saw an expansion of the Ahom kingdom to the west, the beginning of the Ahom-Mughal conflicts, and a reorganization of the kingdom with an expanded Paik system and reoriented village economy designed by Momai Tamuli Borbarua.  His expansion to the west is underlined by the two new offices that he created: that of the Borbarua and the Borphukan. The alliances he formed with the rulers of Koch Hajo resulted in formation that successfully thwarted Mughal expansion. The administrative structure that he created survived until the end of the Ahom kingdom in 1826.
Laclu, Ontario
Laclu is the name of two adjacent places, one an unincorporated area and locality and the other an unincorporated area and railway point, in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Both are just west of the city of Kenora on Lake Lulu, into which flows Laclu Creek; the locality is on the north side and the railway point is on the southeast side. Ontario Highway 641 passes through the locality. The railway point lies on the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line, between Busteed to the west and Keewatin (part of the city of Kenora) to the east, and has a passing track.

Kenora District
Kenora District is a district and census division in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The district seat is the City of Kenora.

It is geographically the largest division in Ontario: at 407,213.01 square kilometres (157,225.82 sq mi), it covers 38 percent of the province's area, making it larger than Newfoundland and Labrador, and slightly smaller than Sweden or roughly the land size of California. Kenora District also has the lowest population density of any of Ontario's census divisions (it ranks 37th out of 50 by total population).

The district was created in 1907 from parts of Rainy River District. The northern part (north of the Albany River) only became part of Ontario in 1912 (transferred from the Northwest Territories). The separate Patricia District upon transfer, it was in 1937 annexed to Kenora District and known sometimes as the Patricia Portion.
Travel Air 5000
The Travel Air 5000 was an early high-wing monoplane airliner and racing monoplane designed by Clyde Cessna and is chiefly remembered for being the winner of the disastrous Dole Air Race from California to Hawaii.

Clyde Cessna
Clyde Vernon Cessna (/ˈsɛsnə/; December 5, 1879 – November 20, 1954) was an American aircraft designer, aviator, and early aviation entrepreneur. He is best known as the principal founder of the Cessna Aircraft Corporation, which he started in 1927 in Wichita, Kansas.
Dargaville High School
Dargaville High School is a state co-educational secondary school located in Dargaville, Northland, New Zealand, established in 1921. A total of 363 students from years 9 to 13 (ages 13 to 18) attend Dargaville High School as of October 2025.

Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).
George Darby (MP for East Sussex)
George Darby (1798 – 16 November 1877) was a British Conservative politician.

He was educated at Westminster School and Catharine Hall, Cambridge.

He was elected Conservative MP for East Sussex at the 1837 general election and held the seat until 1846 when he had to step down after being appointed a Commissioner of Inclosures

He died 16 November 1877 in Piccadilly, London.

1837 United Kingdom general election
The 1837 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 July to 18 August 1837, following the death of King William IV and the accession of Queen Victoria. The election saw the Whigs secure their fourth consecutive victory, though the Conservatives, led by Robert Peel, continued to gain ground.

The election marked the last time that a Parliament was dissolved as a result of the demise of the Crown. The dissolution of Parliament six months after a demise of the Crown, as provided for by the Succession to the Crown Act 1707, was abolished by the Reform Act 1867.
Jonathan Hartley
Jonathan Samuel Hartley (born 8 January 1960) is a former English cricketer.  Hartley was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born in Burnley, Lancashire.

Hartley made his debut for Oxfordshire in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire.  Hartley played Minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire from 1989 to 1994, which included 43 Minor Counties Championship matches and 11 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Gloucestershire in the 1989 NatWest Trophy.  He played 5 further List A matches, the last coming against Glamorgan in the 1993 NatWest Trophy. In his 6 List A matches, he scored 99 runs at a batting average of 19.80, with a high score of 46. With the ball he took 6 wickets at a bowling average of 33.66, with best figures of 2/48.

He had previously played Second XI and Minor counties cricket for the Lancashire Second XI from 1979 to 1982, later playing for the Warwickshire Second XI in 1986.

Oxfordshire County Cricket Club
Oxfordshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Oxfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Oxfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2004 but is not classified as a List A team per se.