hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crisis of the Piast dynasty
The Crisis of the Piast dynasty was a period of constant wars, invasions and rebellions, lasting from the death of Bolesław the Brave in 1025 until the reunification of the Polish lands by Casimir the Restorer. During the crisis, Poland suffered very severe material and demographic losses, the Polish capital Gniezno was completely destroyed, Lusatia and Milsko were taken over by the Germans, Bełz by Kievan Rus, Principality of Nitra by Hungary and Moravia and initially Silesia by Bohemia. This period ended in 1058 after Casimir the Restorer unified the country, but the Polish state was greatly weakened.

Bezprym
Bezprym (Old Polish: Bezprzym [ˈbɛspʂɨm]; c. 986–1032) was the duke of Poland from 1031 until his death. He was the eldest son of the Polish king Bolesław the Brave, but was deprived of the succession by his father, who around 1001 sent him to Italy in order to become a monk at one of Saint Romuald's hermitages in Ravenna.

Expelled by his half-brother Mieszko II Lambert after the death of their father, Bezprym became ruler of large areas of Poland in 1031 following a simultaneous attack by German and Kievan forces and Mieszko II's escape to Bohemia. His reign was short-lived and, according to some sources, extremely cruel. He was murdered in 1032 and Mieszko II returned to the throne of Poland. It is speculated that a pagan reaction began during his short reign.
Gyula Maár
Gyula Maár (2 August 1934 – 20 December 2013) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter. He directed 25 films between 1966 and 2007. His 1975 film, Mrs. Dery Where Are You? won the award for Best Actress (Mari Törőcsik) at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. In 1986, his film Első kétszáz évem was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1993, his film Whoops was entered into the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.

36th Berlin International Film Festival
The 36th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held 14–25 February 1986. The festival opened with Ginger and Fred by Federico Fellini, which played out of competition at the festival.

The Golden Bear was awarded to West German film Stammheim directed by Reinhard Hauff. The retrospective was in honour of German actress and film producer Henny Porten and the homage was dedicated to American film director Fred Zinnemann. Claude Lanzmann's 9 hour long documentary film  Shoah about The Holocaust was screened at the Young Filmmakers Forum (renamed the International Forum of New Cinema in 1987).
Anti-Komintern
The Anti-Comintern (German: Antikomintern) was a special agency within the Propaganda Ministry under Joseph Goebbels in Nazi Germany. Founded by Eberhard Taubert
in the northern winter
or the northern autumn
of 1933, it was charged with administering an anti-Soviet propaganda campaign in the mid-1930s. One of its main activities was to publicize that "Bolshevism was Jewish." The agency was headed by Eberhard Taubert and by Adolf Ehrt.

Anti-Sovietism
Anti-Sovietism or anti-Soviet sentiment are activities that were actually or allegedly aimed against the Soviet Union or government power within the Soviet Union.

Three common uses of the term include the following:

Anti-Soviet opponents of the Bolsheviks shortly after the Russian Revolution and during the Russian Civil War.

Anti-Sovietism in international politics, such as the Western opposition to the Soviet Union during the Cold War as part of broader anti-communism.

Soviet citizens (allegedly or actually) involved in anti-government activities.
National Extension College
The National Extension College (NEC) was set up in 1963 as a not-for-profit organisation for distance learning for people of all ages. It was founded as a pilot study for the Open University.

The college provides over 60 online distance learning courses, making education more accessible to those who would be unable to study in a mainstream school/college.

The National Extension College was founded by Brian Jackson and Michael Young, Lord Young of Dartington, a British sociologist, social activist, and politician.

A registered educational charity, the college works in partnership with organisations including The Open University, The National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE), the Association for Art History, UnionLearn, The WEA, European Association for Distance Learning (EADL), and Big Issue.

The Big Issue
The Big Issue is a United Kingdom–based street newspaper founded by John Bird and Gordon Roddick in September 1991 and published in four continents. The Big Issue is one of the UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or individuals at risk of homelessness, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income, thereby helping them to reintegrate into mainstream society. It is the world's most widely circulated street newspaper.
Sakshi Maharaj
Swami Sachchidanand Hari Sakshi Ji Maharaj (born 12 January 1956), also known as Sakshi Maharaj,  is an Indian political and religious leader belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He won the 2014 general election from Unnao, Uttar Pradesh. He also won Indian general election in 1991 from Mathura, 1996 and 1998 from Farrukhabad. He was also a member of Rajya Sabha from 2000 to 2006, before being suspended for corruption. He holds a Ph.D. degree and runs various educational institutions and ashrams across India under the banner of Sakshi Maharaj Group for which he is also serving as its present director.

He has been at the center of controversies for his reportedly Islamophobic views. While campaigning in the 2019 Lok Sabha Elections, he said that he feels it is the last election of the country.

1996 Indian general election
General elections were held in India on 27 April, 2 May and 7 May 1996 to elect the members of the eleventh Lok Sabha.

The elections resulted in a hung parliament with no single party having a majority. The Bharatiya Janata Party, which had won the most seats despite finishing second in the popular vote, formed a short-lived government under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. However, two weeks later the United Front coalition was able to secure a parliamentary majority and H. D. Deve Gowda of Janata Dal became prime minister. In 1997 Inder Kumar Gujral, also from the United Front, succeeded Gowda as prime minister. Due to the instability, early elections were held in 1998. The elections were the first since 1980 in which every states' seats were elected in a single election period.
Maikel Folch
Maikel Folch Vera (born 1980 in Florencia, Ciego de Ávila Province, Cuba) is a left-handed pitcher for the Cuba national baseball team. Folch plays for Ciego de Ávila in the Cuban National Series, where he posted a league-low 2.09 ERA during the 2004–05 season, compiling a 10–0 record.

Folch played for Cuba at the 2006 World Baseball Classic.

Florencia, Cuba
Florencia (Spanish pronunciation: [floˈɾensja]) is a municipality and town in the Ciego de Ávila Province of Cuba. It is located in the western part of the province, south of Chambas. This municipality merged in 1976 as a result of the new political and administrative division of Cuba. Florencia was formerly the barrios of Guadalupe, Tamarindo and Marroquí which were separated from the municipality of Morón.
Feng-Kuei Chen
Feng-Kuei Chen (November 10, 1950 —), whose stage name is Xiaomi, is a Taiwanese opera actress. She has been recognized as a "Living National Treasure" by the Ministry of Culture. She won the Best Performer Award at The 27th Golden Melody Awards For Traditional Arts and Music, the Best Performer Award at The 33rd Golden Melody Awards For Traditional Arts and Music, and the "Global Chinese Culture & Arts Award." She has been described as an "ever-changing genius."

Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Culture (MOC; Chinese: 文化部; pinyin: Wénhùabù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bûn-hòa pō͘) is the ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that promotes cultural and creative industries. The ministry also maintains the National Repository of Cultural Heritage.
Mehal Meda
Mehal Meda (Amharic: መኻል ሜዳ Mehal Mēda) is a town in  Ethiopia situated in the Semien Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region. It has a geographical coordinates of 10° 18' 0" North, 39° 40' 0" East, with an altitude of 3132 m above sea level.  The town is located 150 km north of Debre Berhan and 224 mi (or 280  km) northeast of the capital Addis Ababa.

Mehal Meda is an administrative center of the Menz Gera Midir woreda in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The woreda is partly named after the northern district of the former province of Menz, Gera Meder.

Located at the eastern edge of the Ethiopian Highlands in the Semien Shewa Zone, Menz Gera Midir is bordered on the south by Menz Lalo Midir, on the southwest by Menz Keya Gebreal, on the west by the Qechene River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, on the north by Gishe, on the northeast by Antsokiyana Gemza, and on the east by Efratana Gidim. Menz Gera Midir was part of the former Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel woreda.

Efratana Gidim
Efratana Gidim (Amharic: ኤፍራታና ግድም  "Efrata and Gedem") is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. It is named after two historic districts that were part of the former autonomous kingdom of Shewa, Efrata and Gedem. Part of the Semien Shewa Zone, Efratana Gidim is bordered on the south by Kewet, on the southwest by Menz Mam Midir, on the west by Menz Gera Midir, on the north by Antsokiyana Gemza, and on the east by the Oromia Zone. The administrative center of this woreda is Ataye (Effeson); other towns in Efratana Gidim include Karakore.
Jean-Paul Mendy
Jean-Paul Mendy (born December 14, 1973, in Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines) is a professional boxer from France, who won the bronze medal in the middleweight division (– 75 kg) at the 1997 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Budapest, Hungary.

Yvelines
Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] ⓘ) is a department in the western part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. In 2019, it had a population of 1,448,207. Its prefecture is Versailles, home to the Palace of Versailles, the principal residence of the King of France from 1682 until 1789, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979. Yvelines' subprefectures are Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.
Iryna Merleni
Iryna Oleksiyivna Merleni (Ukrainian: Ірина Олексіївна Мерлені), née Melnyk (Мельник), married name Mykulchyn (Микульчин) (born 8 February 1982) is a Ukrainian wrestler, who competed in the – 48 kg weight class at the 2004 Summer Olympics and claimed the gold medal. She is
first female olympic champion in women`s wrestling. In the same event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, she won a bronze medal. She is a three-time world champion, and has also won the European Championships once.

Merleni was born in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Khmelnytskyi Oblast. In February 2006, she married Andriy Mykulchyn, with whom she has two sons – Artur and Adam. She was inducted into the Women's Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2023.

Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine she fled to Haparanda, Sweden, where she now works at the local Systembolaget. In her spare time she acts as a wrestling coach for the club Haparanda SKT.

Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 48 kg
The women's freestyle 48 kilograms at the 2004 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Ano Liosia Olympic Hall, in Athens, Greece from August 22 to August 23.

The competition is held with an elimination system of three or four wrestlers in each pool, with the winners qualify for the semifinals and final by way of direct elimination.
Wadi Murabba'at
Wadi Murabba'at, also known as Nahal Darga, is a ravine in the West Bank, cut by a seasonal stream which runs from the Judean Desert east of Bethlehem past the Herodium down to the Dead Sea 18 km south of Khirbet Qumran. It was here that Jewish fighters hid out in caves during the Bar Kochba revolt, leaving behind  documents that include some letters signed by Simon Bar Kochba.

Simon bar Kokhba
Simon bar Kokhba (Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כּוֹכְבָא Šīm‘ōn bar Kōḵḇāʾ‎‍) or Simon bar Koseba (שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר כֹסֵבָא Šīm‘ōn bar Ḵōsēḇaʾ‎‍), commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba, was a Jewish military leader in Judea. He lent his name to the Bar Kokhba revolt, which he initiated against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Though they were ultimately unsuccessful, Bar Kokhba and his rebels did manage to establish and maintain a Jewish state for about three years after beginning the rebellion. Bar Kokhba served as the state's leader, crowning himself as nasi (lit. 'prince'). Some of the rabbinic scholars in his time believed him to be the long-expected Messiah. In 135, Bar Kokhba was killed by Roman troops in the fortified town of Betar. The Judean rebels who remained after his death were all killed or enslaved within the next year, and their defeat was followed by a harsh crackdown on the Judean populace by the Roman emperor Hadrian.
Myrna Close
Myrna Close is a linear walk along the line of a former railway line in Colliers Wood in the London Borough of Merton. It is a 0.75 hectare Local Nature Reserve and a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, which is owned and managed by Merton Council.

The vegetation is grassland, woodland and scrub. The main trees are elm, oak, and sycamore, and the reserve provides an important habitat for birds and butterflies. There is also a small stream and two ponds, which support wetland plants including brooklime.

There is access from the road called Myrna Close.

London Borough of Merton
The London Borough of Merton (/ˈmɜːrtən/ ⓘ) is a London borough in London, England. The borough was formed under the London Government Act 1963 in 1965 by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Mitcham, the Municipal Borough of Wimbledon and the Merton and Morden Urban District, all, apart from Wimbledon, were formerly within Surrey.

The main commercial centres in Merton are Mitcham, Morden and Wimbledon, of which Wimbledon is the largest. Other smaller centres include Raynes Park, Colliers Wood, South Wimbledon and Wimbledon Park. The borough is the host of the Wimbledon tournament, one of tennis's Grand Slam competitions.

The borough derives its name from the historic parish of Merton which was centred on the area now known as South Wimbledon. The local authority is Merton London Borough Council, which is based in Morden.
Kiğı Dam
Kiğı Dam is a rock-fill embankment dam on the Peri River (a tributary of the Euphrates) in Bingöl Province, Turkey. Its primary purpose is hydroelectric power generation and is the first dam in the Peri River cascade, serving as the headwaters. Construction began in 1998 and is backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works. When commissioned, it will support a 180 MW power station. Water from the reservoir will be diverted to an underground power station downstream via an 8.5 km (5.3 mi) long tunnel. In August 2015, suspected Kurdistan Workers' Party militants set fire to three cement trucks associated with the dam construction site. In January 2016, the dam was completed and the reservoir began to impound water.

Bingöl Province
Bingöl Province (Turkish: Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg; Zazaki: Wîlayetî Çewlîg; Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey. The province was known as Çapakçur Province (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, lit. 'spread out water') before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province. Its area is 8,003 km2, and its population is 282,556 (2022). The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.

The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.

As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.
Goodwin, Arkansas
Goodwin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 113. Goodwin is located along U.S. Route 70, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east-northeast of Wheatley. Goodwin has a post office with ZIP code 72340.

U.S. Route 70 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 70 (US 70) runs east–west through across the heart of Arkansas for 287.2 miles (462.2 km). US 70 enters the state from Oklahoma west of De Queen, and exits to Tennessee at Memphis, running concurrently with Interstate 55 (I-55), US 61, US 64, US 78, and US 79. The highway passes through the major cities of Hot Springs, Little Rock, North Little Rock, and West Memphis.

Between Oklahoma and Hot Springs National Park, US 70 is largely rural and two-lane. The route bypasses much of the city to the south and then serves as the arterial road between Hot Springs National Park and Little Rock. The highway runs concurrently with I-30 between a place north of Haskell to southwestern Little Rock, where it splits to traverse through downtown Little Rock and North Little Rock. Between North Little Rock and its merge into I-55 at West Memphis, the route is principally two-lane and has been supplanted by I-40, which always runs within a few miles of the highway.
Gapes Valley
Gapes Valley is a valley in the Canterbury Region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of Geraldine and located on the Geraldine Fairlie Highway. The valley is nestled between the Waitohi Hill and the Rocky Ridges and is described as being 4 miles (6.4 km) long with the flat land of exceptional quality. Today Gapes Valley consists of a sparse grouping of houses, the hall and a recently established brewery.

State Highway 79 (New Zealand)
State Highway 79 (SH 79) is a New Zealand state highway connecting the South Canterbury communities of Rangitata, Geraldine, and Fairlie. Starting at State Highway 1 the highway is 61 kilometres in length and runs in a general east–west direction. 6.3 km of the highway through Geraldine runs concurrently with the Inland Scenic Route (), formerly State Highway 72. The road is a two-lane single carriageway, with a one-lane bridge crossing the Orari River.

It is an important tourist highway, and forms part of the most direct route between Christchurch and the Mackenzie Country, Aoraki / Mount Cook and Queenstown/Wānaka.
Flag of Fiji
The national flag of Fiji was adopted on 10 October 1970. The state arms have been slightly modified but the flag has remained the same as during Fiji's colonial period. It is a defaced cyan "Blue Ensign" (the actual Blue Ensign version of the flag is the government ensign), with the shield from the national coat of arms. It has remained unchanged since Fiji was declared a republic in 1987, despite calls from some politicians for changes.

A plan to change the flag, announced by Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama in 2013, was abandoned in August 2016.

Defacement (flag)
In vexillology, defacement is the addition of a symbol or charge to a flag. For example, the Australian flag is the British Blue Ensign defaced with a Southern Cross in the fly.

In the context of vexillology, the word "deface" carries no negative connotations, in contrast to general usage. It simply indicates a differentiation of the flag from that of another owner by addition of elements. For example, many state flags are formed by defacing the national flag with a coat of arms.
Campaign Toan Thang
Operation Toan Thang (Operation Total Victory) was the first communist wet season offensive of the Laotian Civil War. Launched on 18 June 1969 and successful by the 27th, the assault by People's Army of Vietnam troops from the 312th Division and sappers of the 13th Dac Cong Battalion captured Muang Soui. Although the defenders outnumbered the assailants by three to one, the only hard surfaced airfield near the Plain of Jars would fall to the communists, depriving the defending Royal Lao Government of its only forward fighter-bomber base.

Operation Toan Thang was an effective riposte to the Royalist attacks of Operation Pigfat and the U.S. Air Force Operation Raindance. The Vietnamese victory at Muang Soui left them firmly in command of the war in northern Laos.

Fighter-bomber
A fighter-bomber is a fighter aircraft that has been modified, or used primarily, as a light bomber or attack aircraft. It differs from bomber and attack aircraft primarily in its origins, as a fighter that has been adapted into other roles, whereas bombers and attack aircraft are developed specifically for bombing and attack roles.

Although still used, the term fighter-bomber has less significance since the introduction of rockets and guided missiles into aerial warfare. Modern aircraft with similar duties are now typically called multirole combat aircraft or strike fighters.
Ingrid Pedersen
Ingrid Pedersen (17 April 1933  – 11 September 2012) was a Swedish-American aviator. She was the first female pilot to fly over the North Pole.

Ingrid Elisabeth Liljegren was born in Stockholm, Sweden. She was the daughter of Sivert Roland Liljegren (1908–75) and Maud Berg (1915–82). In 1957, Ingrid received her private pilot license in Sweden. In 1958 she was married to Einar Sverre Pedersen (1919–2008). In 1962, the family moved to Anchorage, Alaska where Einar Pedersen was stationed as a Scandinavian Airlines navigator on intercontinental flights.

In 1963 with her husband as navigator, Ingrid Pedersen set out flying a single-engine Cessna 205 aircraft from Fairbanks, Alaska, over the geographic North Pole and continuing to Bodø, Norway. Ingrid and Einar emigrated to the United States in 1979.  Einar Pedersen died in 2008. Ingrid Pedersen died during 2012 in Anchorage, Alaska.

Einar Sverre Pedersen
Einar Sverre Pedersen (29 January 1919 – 26 January 2008) was a Norwegian aviator.

He was born in Trondheim to architect Sverre Pedersen and Edith Gretchen Børseth, and was a nephew of industrialist Harald Pedersen and pedagogue Marie Pedersen. He was married to Ewy Maria Westerberg from 1941, and to pilot Ingrid Elisabeth Liljegren from 1958.

During World War II, Pedersen was trained as navigator at the camp Little Norway in Toronto, Canada, and further served with the RAF Ferry Command and the No. 330 Squadron RNoAF. From 1946 he was assigned with the Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), as navigator on transatlantic flights. He was instrumental in the development of navigational aids for commercial traffic over polar regions, and was navigator on the first passenger flight crossing the Arctic in November 1952. His wife Ingrid Elisabeth Liljegren was the first woman to fly over the North Pole, in 1963, with Pedersen as navigator.