hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barbarophryne
Barbarophryne is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is monotypic, containing only the species Brongersma's toad (Barbarophryne brongersmai), also known as Tiznit toad. It is found in Algeria and Morocco. It is a small toad, up to about 5 cm (2 in) in snout–to–vent length.

The Brongersma's toad was initially placed in the genus Bufo and then Pseudepidalea (a synonym of Bufotes), but in 2013 it was moved to its own genus Barbarophryne.

The natural habitats of Barbarophryne brongersmai are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, intermittent rivers, intermittent freshwater marshes, rocky areas, hot deserts, arable land, ponds, and canals and ditches. Its habitat is primarily semi-arid sparsely vegetated areas, and it is also thought to be adapted to some disturbed areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Bufo
Bufo is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved to other genera, leaving only seventeen extant species from Europe, northern Africa and Asia in this genus, including the well-known common toad (B. bufo). Some of the genera that contain species formerly placed in Bufo are Anaxyrus (many North American species), Bufotes (European green toad and relatives), Duttaphrynus (many Asian species, including the Asian common toad introduced elsewhere),  Epidalea (natterjack toad) and Rhinella (many Latin American species, including the cane toad introduced elsewhere).
Teignbridge Hundred
Teignbridge Hundred was the name of one of thirty two ancient administrative units of Devon, England. The hundred was listed in the Domesday survey of 1086 as comprising 34 settlements.

The parishes in the hundred were:
Ashburton,
Bickington,
Bovey Tracey,
Hennock,
Highweek,
Ideford,
Ilsington,
Kingsteignton,
Lustleigh,
Manaton,
Moretonhampstead,
North Bovey and
Teigngrace

Kingsteignton
Kingsteignton (/kɪŋˈsteɪntən/ king-STAYN-tən), is a town and civil parish in south Devon, England. It lies at the head of the Teign Estuary to the west of Teignmouth in the Teignbridge district. It is bypassed by the A380 and is also on the A383, A381, B3193 and B3195. Kingsteignton is currently represented in Parliament by Martin Wrigley, as part of the Newton Abbot constituency. Local schools include: Rydon Primary School, Teign School, Kingsteignton school and Saint Michael's Church of England School.

Kingsteignton has a population of over 11,000. The threat of being incorporated into the nearby town of Newton Abbot prompted the parish council to change Kingsteignton's status to a town. The change took effect from 1 January 2009. The town has two electoral wards (east and west). Their combined populations at the 2011 census was 11,147.
Todd Reesing
Todd Reesing (born September 20, 1987) is an American former college football quarterback who played at the University of Kansas. After graduating from Kansas, he briefly spent time with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League during their 2010 off-season. After his career was over, he began doing color commentary for the Jayhawk Television Network. Reesing led the Jayhawks to their best start in school history, winning their first 11 games of the 2007 season. The Jayhawks finished the season 12–1 and won the 2008 Orange Bowl, the schools first and only BCS Bowl victory. Reesing owns Kansas career passing records in several categories.

Mark Mangino
Mark Thomas Mangino (born August 26, 1956) is a former American college football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Kansas from 2002 to 2009. In 2007, Mangino received several national coach of the year honors after leading the Jayhawks to their only 12-win season in school history and an Orange Bowl victory. However, he resigned as coach at Kansas two seasons later following allegations of mistreatment of players. While at Kansas, Mangino coached in four bowl games with a 3–1 record, the lone loss coming in the 2003 Tangerine Bowl. Additionally, in five of his eight seasons at Kansas, the Jayhawks were Bowl eligible; they had been bowl eligible only five times in the previous thirty seasons. He held multiple assistant coaching jobs before becoming the head coach at Kansas, the longest being an eight season stint at Kansas State as their running game coordinator.
Minto Park
45°25′00″N 75°41′18″W﻿ / ﻿45.4167°N 75.6883°W﻿ / 45.4167; -75.6883

Minto Park is a park in downtown Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It occupies a full city block, meeting Elgin Street on the park's west side, Gilmour Street on the north, Cartier Street on the east, and Lewis Street on the south. It contains picnic benches, street lights and several monuments, including Enclave: The Ottawa Women's Monument (a memorial to women who were murdered and abused by men) and a bust of Argentinian general José de San Martín.

It was first purchased by the city corporation in 1899, for $7700, from J. R. Booth. It was named after the Earl of Minto, then Governor General.

Memorial events commemorating the anniversary of the École Polytechnique massacre have been held there, for example on December 6, 2022.

Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (/kɪˈnɪnmənd/; 9 July 1845 – 1 March 1914), known as Viscount Melgund by courtesy from 1859 to 1891, was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada from 1898 to 1904, and Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910.
Eumetabolodon
Eumetabolodon is an extinct genus of procolophonine procolophonid parareptile from early and middle Triassic (Induan to earliest Anisian stages) deposits of Nei Mongol, northern China. Two species of Eumetabolodon were named by J. L. Li in 1983 and the type species is Eumetabolodon bathycephalus.

Induan
The Induan is the first age of the Early Triassic epoch in the geologic timescale, or the lowest stage of the Lower Triassic series in chronostratigraphy. It spans the time between 251.902 Ma and 249.9 Ma (million years ago). The Induan is sometimes divided into the Griesbachian and the Dienerian subages or substages. The Induan is preceded by the Changhsingian (latest Permian) and is followed by the Olenekian.

The Induan is roughly coeval with the regional Feixianguanian Stage of China.
Preslav Literary School
The Preslav Literary School (Bulgarian: Преславска книжовна школа), also known as the "Pliska Literary School" or "Pliska-Preslav Literary school" was the first literary school in the medieval First Bulgarian Empire. It was established by Boris I in 886 in Bulgaria's capital, Pliska. In 893, Simeon I moved the seat of the school from the First Bulgarian capital Pliska to the new capital, Veliki Preslav. Preslav was captured and burnt by the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces in 972 in the aftermath of Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria.

John I Tzimiskes
John I Tzimiskes (Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Τζιμισκής, romanized: Iōánnēs ho Tzimiskēs; c. 925 – 10 January 976) was the senior Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976. An intuitive and successful general who married into the influential Skleros family, he strengthened and expanded the Byzantine Empire to include Thrace and Syria by warring with the Rus' under Sviatoslav I and the Fatimids respectively.
Kolonia Dzietrzkowice
Kolonia Dzietrzkowice [kɔˈlɔɲa d͡ʑɛtʂkɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łubnice, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Łubnice, 18 km (11 mi) southeast of Wieruszów, and 104 km (65 mi) southwest of the regional capital Łódź.

Wieruszów County
Wieruszów County (Polish: powiat wieruszowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Wieruszów, which lies 106 kilometres (66 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 576.22 square kilometres (222.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,336, out of which the population of Wieruszów is 8,759 and the rural population is 33,577.
Humpday
Humpday is a 2009 American mumblecore comedy-drama film directed, produced, and written by Lynn Shelton and starring Mark Duplass, Joshua Leonard, and Alycia Delmore. It premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival. International distribution rights were purchased by Magnolia Pictures for a mid-six figure sum. The film opened in New York City in a limited release on July 10, 2009. The story line follows two male heterosexual best friends, Ben and Andrew. The plot line centers around a "mutual dare" that is introduced at a party, which involves the two main characters engaging in a pornographic film together. The film was shot on-location in Washington state around Seattle from September 2008 to January 2009, and much of the dialogue for the film was improvised.

Humpday received positive critical reception and won the Special Jury Prize for Spirit of Independence at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, among other awards.

In 2012, a remake in French entitled Do Not Disturb was released.

Magnolia Pictures
Magnolia Pictures LLC is an American independent film distributor and production company, and is a subsidiary of Mark Cuban and Todd Wagner's 2929 Entertainment.

Magnolia was formed in 2001 by Bill Banowsky and Eamonn Bowles, and specializes in both foreign and independent films. Magnolia distributes some of its films, especially foreign and genre titles, under the Magnet Releasing arm. In April 2011, Cuban had placed Magnolia up for sale, but stated that he would not sell the company unless the offer was "very, very compelling."

Magnify, formerly Magnolia Pictures International, is the global sales arm of Magnolia Pictures.
Ellychnia corrusca
Ellychnia corrusca, the winter firefly, is a species of firefly in the genus Ellychnia. It is a lantern-less diurnal beetle common in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The adults spend winter on a colony tree, favoring Quercus (oak), Carya (hickory), and Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar).

This beetle can be found in a large variety of habitats but is most notoriously known as a pest. In the maple syrup business, these beetles are commonly found in the buckets of sap from tapped trees.

Hickory
Hickory is a common name for trees composing the genus Carya, which includes 19 species accepted by Plants of the World Online.

Seven species are native to southeast Asia in China, Indochina, and northeastern India (Assam), and twelve are native to North America. A number of hickory species are used for their edible nuts or for their wood.
Petar Hektorović
Petar Hektorović (1487 – 13 March 1572) was a Croatian writer and polymath.

Hektorović, also known as Pietro Ettoreo or Piero Hettoreo, was born and died in Stari Grad, Hvar.  He was a poet and collector of Hvar's fishermen songs, and an important figure of the Renaissance period in Croatian literature. He also wrote in Latin and in Italian, in addition to the local Slavic language.

His major work Fishing and Fishermen's Talk (Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje, 1568), is a hybrid genre: simultaneously a travelogue, discourse in fishing, reflexive poem and poetic epistle. It is a treasure of Croatian maritime and zoological terminology, which has become incorporated in Croatian standard language.

As hybrid as Hektorović's works, so was his language: chiefly based on a local Chakavian dialect, but amalgamated with the idiom of Shtokavian writing poets from Dubrovnik with whom Hektorović has remained in close contact during his lifetime.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Bloody Oaks Quarry
Bloody Oaks Quarry is a 1.3-hectare (3.2-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Great Casterton in Rutland. It is owned and managed by the Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust.

This site has species-rich grassland on Jurassic limestone. The dominant grasses are tor-grass and upright brome and flora include rock-rose, salad burnet, yellow-wort and autumn gentian.

The site is open to the public. The name alludes to the 1470 Battle of Losecoat Field (also known as the Battle of Empingham). There is mention of Bloody Oaks Wood from circa 1800.

Blackstonia perfoliata
Blackstonia perfoliata or more commonly known as the yellow-wort is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae found around the Mediterranean Basin, but extending into northwestern Europe.
Linda K. George
Linda Kaufman George (born 1947) is an American sociologist and gerontologist who is the Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Sociology at Duke University. Her research focuses on the sociology of mental health, physical health, and aging, among other topics. She was president of the Gerontological Society of America from November 1993 to October 1994, and she received the Leonard I. Pearlin Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Sociological Study of Mental Health from the American Sociological Association in 2013.

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
Yoav Gelber
Yoav Gelber (Hebrew: יואב גלבר; born September 25, 1943) is a professor of history at the University of Haifa, and was formerly a visiting professor at the University of Texas at Austin.

He was born in Mandatory Palestine in 1943 and studied world and Jewish history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is an expert on the history of the Israel Defense Forces. Gelber is also known to have been a vocal opponent of Ilan Pappé when the latter was employed by the University of Haifa, and a defender of the Alexandroni Brigade in the Tantura massacre case.

In 1973 Gelber served as the academic and military assistant to the Agranat Commission, and in 1982 participated in the official inquiry into the 1933 death of Haim Arlosoroff.

University of Haifa
The University of Haifa (Hebrew: אוניברסיטת חיפה, Arabic: جامعة حيفا) is a public research university located on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel. Founded in 1963 as a branch of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Haifa received full academic accreditation as an independent university in 1972, becoming Israel's sixth academic institution and the fourth university. The university has the largest university library in Israel. As of 2019, approximately 18,000 students were enrolled at the University of Haifa. Among Israeli higher education institutions the University of Haifa has the largest percentage (41%) of Arab-Israeli students.
K. Ramachandran
K. Ramachandran (born 9 August 1951) is an Indian politician and the Minister for Forests in Tamil Nadu. He was born in Coonoor.

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(DMK) candidate from Gudalur constituency in 2006 and from Coonoor constituency in 2011 and 2021.

He also served as the Minister for Khadi of Tamil Nadu from 2006-2011 in the Cabinet of Dr.M. Karunanidhi.

The Coonoor seat had long been held by the DMK but supporters of Ramachandran were incensed that he was deselected for the 2016 elections and threatened to rebel. The new candidate was B. M. Mubarak, who had also been given the post of district secretary of the party in Nilgiris after Ramachandran had been removed from it in 2014. The DMK lost the seat.

Coonoor
Coonoor or Kunnur (Tamil: [kunːuːr] ⓘ), is a taluk and a municipal town of the Nilgiris District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of 2011, the town had a population of 45,494. The town, located in the Nilgiri plateau, is at the head of the Coonoor Ghat, the principal pass connecting the Nilgiris to the plains. It is 363 miles (584 km) by rail from Chennai and 12 miles (19 km) from Ooty. The town is built within the picturesque Jackatalla valley (Jagathala), surrounded by wooded hills.
Kwai Hing station
Kwai Hing (Chinese: 葵興) is an MTR station on the Tsuen Wan line. It is named after the nearest public housing estate, and is located above ground between Kwai Fong and Tai Wo Hau stations. Opened on 10 May 1982, its lineage is bright yellow.

Its opening caused most direct bus services into Kowloon to be cancelled. Nevertheless, the station provides a convenient transport service to local residents, also attracting local shuttle services with nearby settlements and factories.

Below the platforms is a small transport interchange. This interchange is saturated with traffic, due to traffic diverted from the increasingly crowded Kwai Fong station.

Transport hub
A transport hub  is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include railway stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stops, airports, and ferry slips.

Freight hubs include classification yards, airports, inland ports, seaports, and truck terminals, or combinations of these.

For private transport by car, the parking lot functions as an unimodal hub.
Figure skating responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
On March 1, 2022, the International Skating Union banned figure skaters and officials from Russia and Belarus from attending all international competitions due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As a result, they missed the final events of the 2021–22 season, notably the 2022 World Championships and 2022 World Junior Championships. They remained banned through the 2022-23 season. They were banned for the 2023-2024 season and now are banned for the 2024-2025 season.

In 2024 ISU announced the ban on Russia and Belarus would continue for all ISU events indefinitely. For events not organized by ISU but rather the IOC one Russian and Belarusian would be eligible to compete as a neutral if they passed political tests..

Evgenia Tarasova
Evgenia Maksimovna Tarasova (Russian: Евгения Максимовна Тарасова; born 17 December 1994) is a retired Russian pair skater. With partner Vladimir Morozov, she is the 2022 Olympic silver medalist, a three-time World medalist (2018 and 2019 silver, 2017 bronze), a two-time European champion (2017, 2018), the 2016–17 Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time Russian national champion (2018, 2019, 2021). Earlier in their career, they became the 2014 World Junior silver medalists and the 2014 Russian junior national champions.
Domestic terrorism in the United States
In the United States, domestic terrorism is defined as terrorist acts that were carried out within the United States by U.S. citizens or U.S. permanent residents. As of 2024, the United States government considers white supremacists to be the top domestic terrorism threat.

Murder of David Gunn
On March 10, 1993, Dr. David Gunn was fatally shot by anti-abortion extremist Michael Frederick Griffin in Pensacola, Florida.  It was the first documented killing of an obstetrics and gynaecology doctor where the stated intention of the perpetrator was to prevent a doctor from providing abortion care.

A jury deliberated three hours before finding Griffin guilty on March 4, 1994. He was sentenced to 25 years to life in prison, which he is serving at Blackwater River Correctional Facility in Milton, Florida. In November 2017, the Florida Commission on Offender Review set Griffin's tentative release date for March 4, 2043, when he will be 81.
Luther Moore
Luther Sandborn Moore (August 14, 1821 – January 14, 1892) was an American politician, farmer and lawyer from Maine. Moore served two single-year terms in the Maine Senate (1853, 1854) and one in the Maine House of Representatives (1858). During his second term in the Senate (1854), he was Senate President.

Moore was a graduate of Limerick Academy and Harvard Law School. He was an associate of future United States Supreme Court Justice Nathan Clifford, also of Maine. Moore practiced law and farmed in Limerick, Maine. Following the creation of what is now the University of Maine, he served on its board of trustees. His daughter, Anne Carroll Moore, was an acclaimed librarian, educator, writer and advocate for children.

Limerick, Maine
Limerick (pronounced "LIM-rick") is a town in York County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The population was 3,188 at the 2020 census. Limerick contains part of the census-designated place of Lake Arrowhead.
Regime change
Regime change is the partly forcible or coercive replacement of one government regime with another. It is typically understood as a violation of the sovereignty of the target state. Regime change may replace all or part of the state's most critical leadership system, administrative apparatus, or bureaucracy. Regime change may occur through domestic processes, such as revolution, coup, or reconstruction of government following state failure or civil war. It can also be imposed on a country by foreign actors through invasion, overt or covert interventions, or coercive diplomacy. Regime change may entail the construction of new institutions, the restoration of old institutions, and the promotion of new ideologies.

According to a dataset by Alexander B. Downes, 120 leaders were removed through foreign-imposed regime change between 1816 and 2011.

Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use treats the term as mainly condemnatory.

The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems.