hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Undiagnosed Diseases Network
The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) is a research study that is funded by the National Institutes of Health Common Fund. Its purpose is to bring together clinical and research experts from across the United States to solve the most challenging medical mysteries using advanced technologies.

UDN was established in 2014 with seven clinical sites located at medical institutions across the United States. As of 2019, twelve clinical sites are open. Shared resources include a central biorepository, sequencing core, metabolomics core, and animal research centers.

National Institutes of Health Common Fund
The National Institutes of Health Common Fund (NIH Common Fund) is a centrally managed funding program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that supports short-term, cross-cutting biomedical and behavioral research initiatives involving more than one of NIH's institutes and centers. It originated in the early-2000s NIH Roadmap for Medical Research and was given a dedicated appropriation and statutory authority in the NIH Reform Act of 2006.

Common Fund programs are intended to be time-limited, goal-directed investments that create research tools, data resources, methods, or organizational models which, once established, can be sustained by individual NIH institutes and centers. Commentators have described the Common Fund as an alternative funding mechanism that promotes "convergence" across scientific disciplines while accounting for only a small fraction of the overall NIH budget.
Henry Meynell Rheam
Henry Meynell Rheam (13 January 1859 – 1920) was a painter from England.

Rheam was born in Birkenhead and studied in Germany and at the Académie Julian in Paris before settling in Newlyn and associating with the Newlyn School. He is known for his late Pre-Raphaelite paintings. The Girl in Blue artist model was Effy James.

Rheam died in Penzance, England.

Newlyn School
The Newlyn School was an art colony of artists based in or near Newlyn, a fishing village adjacent to Penzance, on the south coast of Cornwall, from the 1880s until the early twentieth century.  The establishment of the Newlyn School was reminiscent of the Barbizon School in France, where artists fled Paris to paint in a more pure setting emphasising natural light.  These schools along with a related California movement were also known as En plein air.
Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht
Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht (case C-137/09) is a European Union law case from 2010, concerning cannabis and the free movement of services in the European Union. The Second Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union pronounced its ruling on 16 December 2010.

Court of Justice of the European Union
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (French: Cour de justice de l'Union européenne or "CJUE"; Latin: Curia) is the judicial branch of the European Union (EU). Seated in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, this EU institution consists of two separate courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. From 2005 to 2016, it also contained the Civil Service Tribunal. It has a sui generis court system, meaning 'of its own kind', and is a supranational institution.

The CJEU is the chief judicial authority of the EU and oversees the uniform application and interpretation of European Union law, in co-operation with the national judiciary of the EU member states. CJEU also resolves legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions, and may take action against EU institutions on behalf of individuals, companies, or organisations whose rights have been infringed.
RAAF Base Pearce
RAAF Base Pearce (ICAO: YPEA) is the main Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) military air base in Western Australia, located in Bullsbrook, north of Perth. It is used for training by the RAAF and the Republic of Singapore Air Force.

Pearce is the busiest RAAF base in Australia, with the highest air traffic including civil flights, including civil movements at the Joint User bases. Although its primary role is pilot training, it remains the only permanent RAAF base on the west coast, and thus has a significant logistics role. Pearce also has operational responsibility for RAAF Gingin, a small military airfield used for flying training, located 34 km (21 mi) north of Pearce. When requested by the flying units, a rotation of air traffic controllers travel from Pearce to Gingin daily to provide services.

Air base
An airbase or air base, sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a military base by a military force for operating military aircraft.
Rattu
Rattu is a small town of the Astore district in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Rattu has been traditionally used as a route for traders going to Kashmir from Astore, Gilgit and others parts of present-day Gilgit Baltistan.

Gilgit
Gilgit (/ˈɡɪlɡɪt/; Shina: گِلیٗت IPA: [ɡi˧.leː˨˦t̪]; Urdu: گِلْگِت IPA: [ˈɡɪlɡɪt̪]) is the capital and most-populous city in Pakistani-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit and the Hunza rivers. Gilgit is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram mountain range of northern Pakistan.

Gilgit was once a major centre for Buddhism; it was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, and today serves as a major junction along the Karakoram Highway with road connections to China as well as the Pakistani cities of Skardu, Chitral, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The economic activity is mainly focused on agriculture, with wheat, maize, and barley as the main crops.
Donaueschingen Palace
47°57′00″N 8°30′06″E﻿ / ﻿47.949925741°N 8.501679897°E﻿ / 47.949925741; 8.501679897

Donaueschingen Palace (German: Schloss Donaueschingen), also known as the Fürstenberg palace (German: Fürstlich Fürstenbergisches Schloss), is a princely residence in French Baroque Revival architecture. It is situated in Donaueschingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the seat of the princes of Fürstenberg, who still own and live in the palace. It is surrounded by a large park, where next to the palace the source of the Danube is located in the northwestern edge. The palace can be visited during guided tours, as well as rented for events

Fürstenberg Brewery
The Fürstenberg Brewery (German: Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Brauerei) is a brewery in Donaueschingen, Germany. It has been a subsidiary of Brau Holding International since 2005, before which it was owned by the House of Fürstenberg, a German noble family. Among other offerings, the brewery produces pilsner, export, and wheat beer, primarily serving southern Germany.
Anchorage Island (Nunavut)
Anchorage Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Crowell Island, Dog Island, Kungo Island, Luella Island, and Metela Island.

Frobisher Bay
Frobisher Bay is an inlet of the Davis Strait in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the southeastern corner of Baffin Island. Its length is about 230 km (140 mi) and its width varies from about 40 km (25 mi) at its outlet into the Davis Strait to roughly 20 km (12 mi) towards its inner end.

The capital of Nunavut, Iqaluit, known as Frobisher Bay from 1942 to 1987, lies near the innermost end of the bay.
PLUS test
The PLUS test is a test distributed by Johns Hopkins University. Qualification requirements are good scores on the ERB's. The PLUS test was taken from 5th grade to 6th grade to get into Johns Hopkins's Center for Talented Youth. The PLUS Test is not given any longer, instead the School and College Ability Test is given. In 7th and 8th grade the SAT and/or ACT is taken.

Use of the PLUS test and the SCAT have been shown by Camilla Benbow and Julian Stanley to be useful in determining students' abilities in critical domains, in the evaluation of IQ.

Julian Stanley
Julian Cecil Stanley (July 9, 1918 – August 12, 2005) was an American psychologist. He was an advocate of accelerated education for academically gifted children. He founded the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth (CTY), as well as a related research project, the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY), whose work has, since 1980, been supplemented by the Julian C. Stanley Study of Exceptional Talent (SET), which provides academic assistance to gifted children. Stanley was also widely known for his classic book, coauthored with Donald Campbell, on the design of educational and psychological research - Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Research.
Brent Moyle
Brent Moyle (born 31 March 1974) is a South African former professional rugby union player.

Moyle attended Jeppe High School for Boys, where he played under future Springboks coach Jake White.

A prop, Moyle was a Springboks squad member and had several seasons in the Super 12, mostly with the Sharks. He played his rugby in France from 2001 to 2004, with two seasons at Castres Olympique, then one playing for AS Montferrand. His lack of discipline on the field often saw him cited for foul play.

Castres Olympique
Castres Olympique (French pronunciation: [kastʁ ɔlɛ̃pik], CAST-(r)) is a French rugby union club located in the Occitanian city of Castres and is currently competing in the Top 14, the top level of the French league system.

Founded in 1898, the club took its current name in 1906. They play at the Stade Pierre-Fabre, which is one of the smallest in Top 14 with a capacity of 12,500. The team wear blue and white kits.

The team won five French top-division championships in 1949, 1950, 1993 (in a match decided by an irregular try accorded by the referee), 2013, and 2018 as well as one Coupe de France in 1948.
WTSU
WTSU (89.9 FM) is an American radio station licensed to serve Troy, Alabama and serving the Montgomery, Alabama market.  The station, established in 1977, is owned and operated by Troy University.  It broadcasts a classical music format as the flagship station of the Troy University Public Radio network.

WTSU broadcasts in HD.

Troy, Alabama
Troy is a city in and the county seat of Pike County, Alabama, United States. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843.

Between  1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783, the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,727, down from 18,033 in 2010. The 2022 estimated population was 17,774. The City of Troy had previously been considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama. Troy is home to Troy University, the fourth-largest university in total enrollment in Alabama.
Rhaecelus
Rhaecelus or Rhaikelos (Greek: Ῥαίκηλος and Ῥάκηλος) was an Eretrian colony in Lower Macedonia, near Aeneia, founded by Athenian tyrant Peisistratos of the 6th century BC. Its site is located near Aeneia.

Lower Macedonia
Lower Macedonia (Greek: Κάτω Μακεδονία, Kato Makedonia) or Lower Macedon or Macedonia proper or Emathia is a geographical term used in Antiquity referring to the coastal plain watered by the rivers Haliacmon, Axius and Loudias, stretching along the coast of the Thermaic Gulf, which was the core and defined the center of the Argead kingdom of Macedon. Its districts were: Emathia, Pieria, Bottiaea, Almopia, Amphaxitis. Aigai (near modern Vergina), the original capital of Macedon, and Pella, the birthplace of Alexander the Great and the new capital of the kingdom since the 4th century BC, were in Lower Macedonia, in modern Central Macedonia, in Greece.
Llancaiach railway station
Llancaiach railway station was originally opened by the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway on the Taff Vale Extension which later amalgamated with the Great Western Railway between Pontypool and Quakers Yard. The station served the village of Nelson and the hamlet of Llancaiach in the county borough of Caerphilly from 1858 to 1912, when a more modern station was built.

Caerphilly
Caerphilly (/kəˈfɪli/, /kɑːrˈfɪli/; Welsh: Caerffili, Welsh pronunciation: [ˌkairˈfɪli] ⓘ) is a town and community in Wales. It is situated at the southern end of the Rhymney Valley and separated from the Cardiff suburbs of Lisvane and Rhiwbina by Caerphilly Mountain.

It is 7 miles (11 km) north of Cardiff and 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west of Newport. It is the largest town in Caerphilly County Borough and lies within the historic borders of Glamorgan, on the border with Monmouthshire.  At the 2011 Census, the town had a population of 41,402 while the wider Caerphilly local authority area had a population of 178,806.
Tepoztlán
Tepoztlán (Spanish: [tepos'tlan] ⓘ) is a town in the central Mexican state of Morelos. It is located at 18°59′07″N 99°05′59″W﻿ / ﻿18.98528°N 99.09972°W﻿ / 18.98528; -99.09972 in the heart of the Tepoztlán Valley. The town serves as the seat of government for the municipality of the same name.  The town had a population of 14,130 inhabitants, while the municipality reported 41,629 inhabitants in the 2010 national census.

The town is a popular tourist destination near Mexico City. The town is famous for the remains of El Tepozteco temple built on top of the nearby Tepozteco Mountain, as well as for the exotic ice cream flavors prepared by the townspeople.

Tepoztlán was named a "Pueblo Mágico" (or magic town) in 2002 but its title was removed in 2009 for failure to maintain the requirements. In 2010, Tepoztlán addressed these problems and recovered the Pueblo Mágico title.

Administrative divisions of Mexico
Mexico is a federal republic composed of 32 federative entities (Spanish: entidades federativas): 31 states and Mexico City. According to the Constitution of Mexico, the states of the federation are free and sovereign in all matters concerning their internal affairs. Since 2016, Mexico City has been a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. Each state federative entity has its own congress and constitution.
Arthur J. Lohwater
Arthur John "Jack" Lohwater (October 20, 1922 - June 10, 1982)  was an American mathematician.

He obtained a Ph.D. in mathematics at University of Rochester (1951), on the dissertation The Boundary Values of a Class of Analytic Functions, advised by Wladimir Seidel. Later he joined the faculty at University of Michigan and Case Western Reserve University. He was editor of Mathematical Reviews (1962–65). With Norman Steenrod and Sydney Gould he established important ties with Russian mathematicians, beginning with conferences in Moscow (1956, 58) and
resulting in a dictionary. Lohwater died of lung cancer in 1982, after a lengthy illness. He was married to the mathematician Marjorie White Lohwater (1925–2007).

Duke Mathematical Journal
Duke Mathematical Journal is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Duke University Press. It was established in 1935. The founding editors-in-chief were David Widder, Arthur Coble, and Joseph Miller Thomas. The first issue included a paper by Solomon Lefschetz. Leonard Carlitz served on the editorial board for 35 years, from 1938 to 1973.

The current managing editor is Richard Hain (Duke University).
Battle of Konitsa
The Battle of Konitsa was a conflict of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949); between the Communist led Democratic Army of Greece and the Greek Army of the Kingdom of Greece. It was a failed initiative to capture the northwestern Greek town of Konitsa, in order to establish a capital for the Provisional Democratic Government; a rival authority to the recognized government in Athens. This was part of the communist "Operation Limnes" (Lakes) which aimed the capture of a major Greek town.

Democratic Army of Greece
The Democratic Army of Greece (Greek: Δημοκρατικός Στρατός Ελλάδας, ΔΣΕ; Dimokratikós Stratós Elládas, DSE) was the army founded by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), on 28 October 1946, as the General Headquarters of Partisans, which was renamed to Democratic Army of Greece on 27 December 1946. It served as the army of the Provisional Democratic Government during the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). At its height, it had a strength of around 50,000 men and women. The DSE was backed by the Popular Civil Guard (Λαϊκή Πολιτοφυλακή, ΛΠ), the KKE's security police force.
Marc E. Polymeropoulos
Marc E. Polymeropoulos is a former American intelligence officer who served 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Operations, retiring in June 2019 as a member of the Senior Intelligence Service. His final position was overseeing CIA clandestine operations in Europe and Eurasia. He is one of the individuals who have reported symptoms consistent with Havana syndrome and has been a public advocate for affected intelligence officers.

Directorate of Operations (CIA)
The Directorate of Operations (DO), less formally called the Clandestine Service, is a component of the US Central Intelligence Agency. It was known as the Directorate of Plans from 1951 to 1973; as the Directorate of Operations from 1973 to 2004; and as the National Clandestine Service (NCS) from 2004 to 2015.

The DO "serves as the clandestine arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the national authority for the coordination, de-confliction, and evaluation of clandestine operations across the Intelligence Community of the United States".
Woden Cemetery
The Woden Cemetery is the main cemetery in Canberra, the capital of Australia.
It is located adjacent to the Woden Town Centre.

The cemetery opened in 1936 as the Canberra General Cemetery.

It closed for burials in 1979, but was re-opened in March 1999. Memorial gardens were opened in 1992, and the Christ the Redeemer Mausoleum, for burial in above-ground vaults, was completed in 2001.

The cemetery is nearing capacity; it was announced in February 2009 that it would be full in about 10 years, necessitating the construction of a third cemetery to service the city.

Woden Town Centre
35°20′46″S 149°05′10″E﻿ / ﻿35.34611°S 149.08611°E﻿ / -35.34611; 149.08611

Woden Town Centre is the town centre of the district of Woden Valley in the Australian Capital Territory. It is located in the suburb of Phillip. The town centre has a variety of shops and amenities, including office blocks that house Australian departments, and shopping centres like Westfield Woden.

Like Phillip, the town centre was established in 1966 and the suburb it is located in was named after Arthur Phillip, who was the first Governor of New South Wales. In 1971, a flash flood caused the deaths of seven people, which occurred right near the Woden Town Centre. The centre is the location of the third tallest building in Canberra, the Lovett Tower (formerly known as the MLC Tower).
2025 Speedway Grand Prix of Poland
The 2025 FIM Speedway Grand Prix of Poland were the second, sixth and ninth rounds of the 2025 Speedway Grand Prix season (the World Championship).

The second round took place on 17 May 2025 at the Stadion Narodowy in Warsaw. The sixth round took place at the Edward Jancarz Stadium in Gorzów Wielkopolski on 22 June. The ninth round took place on 30 August at the Olympic Stadium in Wrocław.

The rounds were the 65th, 66th and 67th Speedway Grand Prix of Poland respectively.

The Orlen Oil Warsaw Grand Prix was won by Australian Jack Holder, which was his second career Grand Prix win after his first in Croatia during 2024. Brady Kurtz won his maiden Grand Prix when winning the Gorzów Grand Prix (event 2) and he continued his run of form by winning event 3 in Wrocław.

Stadion im. Edwarda Jancarza
Edward Jancarz Stadium (Polish: Stadion im. Edwarda Jancarza), formerly the Stadion żużlowy Gorzów Wielkopolski, is a 15,000-capacity multi-use stadium in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland, and the home of motorcycle speedway club Stal Gorzów Wielkopolski. It is currently used mostly as a 329 m racetrack for speedway matches and is the home stadium of Stal Gorzów Wielkopolski in the Speedway Ekstraliga.
Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Christiane Emilie Antonie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (13 March 1681 – 1 November 1751) was a German noblewoman who became Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Strelitz through her marriage to Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Duchy of Mecklenburg
The Duchy of Mecklenburg was a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, located in the region of Mecklenburg. It existed during the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period, from 1471 to 1520, as well as 1695 to 1701. Its capital was Schwerin.

The state was formed in 1471, when duke Henry IV, had united the duchies of Mecklenburg-Stargard and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The state existed until 7 May 1520, when it was partitioned into the duchies of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It was again reestablished in 1695, with the unification of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Frederick William became the duke. In 1701, it was partitioned into the duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Ame-no-ohabari
Ame-no-Ohabari (Japanese: 天之尾羽張, Old Japanese Ame-nö-Opobari) is a legendary Japanese sword. that roughly translates to "Heaven-Point-Blade-Extended".  It is primarily found in the mythology of Izumo Province. It is a Totsuka-no-Tsurugi "Sword of Length of Ten Fists", which seems to be distinguished by its length and being a tsurugi (straight, double-bladed sword).

Tsurugi (sword)
A tsurugi (剣) or ken (剣) is a Japanese sword. The word is used in the West to refer to a specific type of Japanese straight, double-edged sword used in antiquity (as opposed to curved, single-edged swords such as the katana). In Japanese the term tsurugi or ken (ja:剣) is used as a term for all sorts of international long, double-edged swords.
Khevi (territorial unit)
Khevi (Georgian: ხევი; lit. "gorge") was historical-geographical and administrative-territorial unit in eastern Georgian mountains. It was based on ancient primitive-communal territorial units known as "Gora" (Georgian: გორა; lit. "hill"), which would later evolve into Khevi during the Middle Ages. Khevi comprised several mountainous communities along gorges, such highlander communities enjoyed a degree of autonomy or semi-independence within Georgian political entities, corresponding to the period of the so-called “military democracy” or “chiefdom”. They strongly opposed feudal system and were rather electing their own "council of elders" and leaders, known as Khevisberi (elder of the gorge) who would function as a judge, priest and military leader.

Georgian feudalism
Georgian feudalism, or patronkmoba (Georgian: პატრონყმობა from patroni, "lord", "master", and kmoba, "slavery", "serfdom"), as the system of personal dependence or vassalage in ancient and medieval Georgia is referred to, arose from a tribal-dynastic organization of society upon which was imposed, by royal authority, an official hierarchy of regional governors, local officials and subordinates. It is thought to have its roots into the ancient Georgian, or Iberian, society of the Hellenistic period.
1978 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix
The 1978 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Tennis Sporthalle Filderstadt in Filderstadt in West Germany. The event was part of the A category of the 1978 Colgate Series. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 23 October through 29 October 1978. First-seeded Tracy Austin won the singles title, her first as a professional, and earned $6,000 first-prize money as well as a Porsche 924.

Betty Stöve
Betty Flippina Stöve (born 24 June 1945) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She is best known for reaching the ladies' singles final, the ladies' doubles final and the mixed doubles final during the same year at Wimbledon in 1977. She also won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles.