hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbon pricing on shipping
Carbon pricing of shipping is a charges that applies to maritime transport ships for their greenhouse gas emissions. Maritime transport makes up 3% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reach the goals set out in the Paris Agreement, the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have begun to implement or explore ways to reduce the carbon emissions produced by shipping.

Environmental impact of shipping
The environmental impact of shipping include air pollution, water pollution, acoustic, and oil pollution. Ships are responsible for more than 18% of nitrogen oxides pollution, and  3% of greenhouse gas emissions.

Although maritime transport is the most energy-efficient method to move a given mass of cargo a given distance, the sheer size of the industry means that it has a significant effect on the environment. The annual increasing amount of shipping overwhelms gains in efficiency, such as from slow-steaming. The growth in tonne-kilometers of sea shipment has averaged 4 percent yearly since the 1990s, and it has grown by a factor of 5 since the 1970s.

The fact that shipping enjoys substantial tax privileges has contributed to the growing emissions.
Vipulkumar Patel
Vipulkumar Vinubhai Patel (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a former member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Sojitra Assembly Constituency in Anand District. He was elected in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Anand district
Anand district is an administrative district of Gujarat state in western India and whose popular nickname is Charotar.  It was carved out of the Kheda district in 1997. Anand is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is bounded by Kheda District to the north, Vadodara District to the east, Ahmedabad District to the west, and the Gulf of Khambhat to the south. Major towns are Umreth, Khambhat, Tarapur, Petlad, Borsad and Sojitra.
Ring shedding
Ring shedding is a phenomenon in ocean currents where circle or ring-shaped eddies separate from the current. The rings are independent water current systems that can persist for several months and occur in most ocean basins. The separated rings can have both warm or cold cores and play a role in the thermohaline circulation, interocean mixing, and nutrient supply for algae and bacteria. The physical processes behind ring shedding are not fully understood yet and are thus an active subject of research.

Eddy (fluid dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, an eddy  is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing fluid on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is naturally observed behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers.

An eddy is a movement of fluid that deviates from the general flow of the fluid. An example for an eddy is a vortex which produces such deviation. However, there are other types of eddies that are not simple vortices. For example, a Rossby wave is an eddy which is an undulation that is a deviation from mean flow, but does not have the local closed streamlines of a vortex.
M. Farid Habib
Mohammed Farid Habib (born 24 February 1959) is a retired four star admiral who was the former chief of naval staff of Bangladesh Navy and the incumbent chairman of Trustee Board of University of Scholars. he is the first four star officer of the navy.

University of Scholars
University of Scholars, officially known as The International University of Scholars, or IUS, is a private university based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 2024, This University got approval from UGC to change its official name from The International University of Scholars to University of Scholars
John Randall (public servant)
John Randall,  CBE, is a former president of the National Union of Students, a position he held between 1973 and 1975. He was educated at Wallington County Grammar School and the University of York. From 1987 to 1997 he was director, professional standards and development of the Law Society of England and Wales. From 1997 to 2001 he was chief executive of the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. Since 2001, he has worked as an independent consultant on higher education and professional training. He was chair of the Justice Sector Skills Council (Skills for Justice) for six years until 2010. From 2004 to 2015 he chaired the Police Negotiating Board. He retired in 2018.

National Union of Students (United Kingdom)
The National Union of Students (NUS) is a confederation of student unions across the United Kingdom. Approximately 600 student unions are affiliated, accounting for more than 95% of all higher and further education unions in the UK. Although the National Union of Students is the central organization for all affiliated unions in the UK, there are also the devolved national sub-bodies: NUS Scotland in Scotland, NUS Wales (UCM Cymru) in Wales and NUS-USI in Northern Ireland (the latter being jointly administered by Aontas na Mac Léinn in Éirinn).

NUS is a member of the European Students' Union.
The Dimension Riders
The Dimension Riders is an original novel written by Daniel Blythe and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Seventh Doctor, Ace and Bernice. A prelude to the novel, also penned by Blythe, appeared in Doctor Who Magazine #206. This novel is the second novel in the "Alternate Universe cycle" which continues until No Future.

Science fiction on television
Science fiction (Sci-fi) first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Plant
The Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Plant is part of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power project in Pakistan administered Kashmir, designed to divert water from the Neelum River to a power station on the Jhelum River. The power station is located 42 km (26 mi) south of Muzaffarabad, and has an installed capacity of 969 MW.

Construction on the project began in 2008 after a Chinese consortium was awarded the construction contract in July 2007. After many years of delays, the first generator was commissioned in April 2018 and the entire project was completed in August 2018 when the fourth and last unit was synchronized with the national grid on 13 August and attained its maximum generation capacity of 969 MW on 14 August 2018. It will generate 5,150 GWh (gigawatt hour) per year at the levelised tariff of Rs 13.50 per unit for 30 years.

The plant had managed to reach 1040 MW production on a few occasions, which is beyond its capacity and a rare precedence in hydel power sector.

Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
Run-of-river hydroelectricity (ROR) or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation plant whereby little or no water storage is provided. Run-of-the-river power plants may have no water storage at all or a limited amount of storage, in which case the storage reservoir is referred to as pondage. A plant without pondage is subject to seasonal river flows, so the plant will operate as an intermittent energy source. Conventional hydro uses reservoirs, which regulate water for flood control, dispatchable electrical power, and the provision of fresh water for agriculture.
B. S. Kesavan
Bellary Shamanna Kesavan (10 May 1909 – 16 February 2000) was the first National Librarian of independent India (1947–1962). He is also known as Father of Indian National Bibliography as it was first brought out in his leadership on 15 August 1958. Later, he became the first Director of the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC) at New Delhi (1963–1969). In recognition of his great service to the nation, the Government of India honoured him with Padma Shri in 1960. He died on 16 February 2000, at the age of 91.

Director general
A director general, general director or director-general (plural: directors general, general directors, directors-general, director generals or director-generals) is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer, within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings.
Feldheim Publishers
Feldheim Publishers (or Feldheim) is an American Orthodox Jewish publisher of Torah books and literature. Its extensive catalog of titles includes books on Jewish law, Torah, Talmud, Jewish lifestyle, Shabbat and Jewish holidays, Jewish history, biography, and kosher cookbooks. It also publishes children's books.  The company's headquarters is located in New York, with publishing and sales divisions in Jerusalem. Its president is Yitzchak Feldheim.

Joseph Breuer
Joseph Breuer, also known as Yosef Breuer (March 20, 1882 – April 19, 1980) was a rabbi and community leader in Germany and the United States. He was rabbi of one of the large Jewish synagogues founded by German-Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi oppression that had settled in Washington Heights, New York.
Tamura clan
The Tamura clan (田村氏, Tamura-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan who ruled Ichinoseki Domain in Mutsu Province during the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. The family was closely related to the Date clan of Sendai Domain through intermarriage.

Mutsu Province
Mutsu Province (陸奥国, Mutsu no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.tsɯ (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in what is now Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture.

Mutsu Province is also known as Ōshū (奥州) or Michinoku (陸奥 or 道奥); the Eastern Old Japanese name varied between Mutu and Miti.

The termis often used to refer to

The combined area of Mutsu and the neighbouring Dewa Province is the Tōhoku region, which was also known as Ōu (奥羽) via on'yomi reading (using Chinese pronunciations of the kanji) used for Mutsu and Dewa.
1965 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
The 1965 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 39th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 16 teams. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.

No team was regraded from the 1964 S.F.C.
Martry, Enfield and Seneschalstown were promoted after claiming the 1964 Meath Junior Football Championship title, runners-up spot and Junior 'A' Divisional runners-up spot respectively. Gaeil Colmcille 'B's application to be promoted (only their 2nd season in existence) was also granted by the Co. Board.

At the end of the season Athboy, Carlanstown, Drumconrath, Gaeil Colmcille 'B' applied to be regraded to the 1966 J.F.C.

On 10 October 1966, Kilmainhamwood claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Duleek 1–6 to 1–4 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.

Meath GAA
The Meath County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste na Mí) or Meath GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Meath, as well as for Meath county teams.
BBC News at Nine
The BBC News at Nine (styled as BBC News at 9) is a morning news programme. It aired every Sunday to Friday on BBC Two and the BBC News Channel for 60 minutes from 9 am until 10 am. On weekends, it was replaced by a standard edition of BBC World News. The programme was presented by Victoria Derbyshire, Annita McVeigh, and Ben Brown.

Between 2020 and 2023, the programme was no longer branded  BBC News at 9, and often simply called BBC News carrying generic BBC News title card (especially during simulcast with BBC World News). The programme was still, however listed as BBC News at 9 on BBC iPlayer.

The programme aired for the final time as a generic bulletin on 16 April 2023, before it got replaced by a TV simulcast of Nicky Campbell's phone-in show from Radio 5 Live the next day.However, has since been replaced by a generic BBC News bulletin.

Nicky Campbell
Nicholas Andrew Argyll Campbell OBE (born Nicholas Lackey; 10 April 1961) is a Scottish broadcaster and journalist. He has worked in television and radio since 1981 and as a network presenter with BBC Radio since 1987.
Carine Petit
Carine Petit (born 26 June 1974) is a French politician of The Ecologists. Since 2014, she has served as mayor of the 14th arrondissement of Paris. She has been a member of the Council of Paris since 2014, and a member of the metropolitan council of Grand Paris since 2015. She was a member of the Socialist Party until 2017, when she switched to Génération.s. In 2022, she switched to The Ecologists.

The Ecologists
The Ecologists – Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Les Écologistes – Europe Écologie Les Verts), commonly known as The Ecologists (French: Les Écologistes, LÉ) and formerly as Europe Ecology The Greens (French: Europe Écologie Les Verts [øʁɔp ekɔlɔʒi le vɛʁ], EELV [ə ɛl ve]) until 2023, is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. It was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.
Darbhanga Metro
Darbhanga Metro is a proposed metro railway service in the city of Darbhanga in the Mithila region of Bihar. The proposal was proposed by the department of Urban Development and Housing Development of Bihar Government to provide facility of metro railway services in the four major metro cities Darbhanga, Gaya, Muzaffarpur and Bhagalpur.

Darbhanga Airport
Darbhanga Airport (IATA: DBR, ICAO: VEDH) is a domestic airport and an Indian Air Force Station, serving Darbhanga, Bihar, India. It is located just at the outskirts of the city near the NH-527B and NH-27 highways, which passes through Darbhanga. The airport is operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
Stenia Michel
Stenia Liliane Michel (born 23 October 1987) is a retired Swiss footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for FC Basel of the Swiss Nationalliga A. She previously played for FF USV Jena of the German Bundesliga, and FC Zürich of Switzerland's Nationalliga A, who were known as SV Seebach until 2008. Michel has been a member of the Switzerland national team since 2005, but did not make her debut until March 2014, a 1–1 draw with South Korea at the 2014 Cyprus Cup.

Michel became Switzerland's first-choice goalkeeper in the run up to the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, because rival Gaëlle Thalmann had suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury.

2014 Cyprus Women's Cup
The 2014 Cyprus Women's Cup was the seventh edition of the Cyprus Women's Cup, an invitational women's football tournament held annually in Cyprus. It took place between 5–12 March 2014.

France won the final over defending champions England. For the first time, Canada did not reach the final, eventually finishing in fifth place.
Secret City (TV series)
Secret City is an Australian political thriller television series based on the best-selling novels The Marmalade Files, The Mandarin Code, and The Shadow Game by Chris Uhlmann and Steve Lewis. It premiered on Foxtel's Showcase on 5 June 2016 and on Netflix internationally on 26 June 2018. The series is produced by Matchbox Pictures and Foxtel.

A sequel to the series called Secret City: Under the Eagle was green-lit in February 2018. It aired on 4 March 2019 in Australia and launched worldwide on Netflix on 6 March 2019. It is unknown if there will be a season 3.

The sequel storyline is a departure from the books written by Uhlmann and Lewis, who joined the series as story consultants.

Anna Torv
Anna Torv (born 7 June 1979) is an Australian actress. Her performance as Olivia Dunham in the Fox science fiction series Fringe (2008–2013) earned her four consecutive Saturn Awards for Best Actress on Television, a record for any performer. She portrayed psychologist Wendy Carr in the Netflix period crime drama Mindhunter (2017–2019) and Tess in the HBO post-apocalyptic drama series The Last of Us (2023). Her work on The Last of Us garnered her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. She is known in Australia for the ABC drama The Newsreader, for which she won two consecutive AACTA Awards. She stars in the Netflix drama series Territory, set in Australia's Northern Territory, which premiered in October 2024.
Ashraf El-Ashmawi
Ashraf El-Ashmawi (Arabic:أشرف العشماوي) is an Egyptian author, judge and legal scholar. He worked in the public prosecutor's office for many years and served as a judge in the Egyptian court of appeals. More recently, he has worked as legal advisor to the Supreme Council of Antiquities. He has written extensively on crime prevention, including a recent book entitled Legal Thefts: Stories of Thefts of Egyptian Antiquities, Their Smuggling and Attempts to Recover Them.

In 2012, he served as an investigating judge in a case involving illegal foreign funding of Egyptian NGOs.

El-Ashmawi contributes regularly to newspapers and websites, touching on social and political issues as well as more specialized subjects such as the history of Egyptian antiquities. His first two novels were The Time of the Hyenas and Toya. The latter was longlisted for the 2013 Arabic Booker Prize. In 2018, he published the novel Lady of Zamalek, which takes place in Zamalek (a famous district of Cairo).

Supreme Council of Antiquities
The Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA; Arabic: المجلس الأعلى للآثار, romanized: al-Majlis al-Aʻlá lil-Āthār) was established in 1994, responsible for the conservation, protection, and regulation of all antiquities and archaeological excavations in Egypt. From 1994 to 2011, the SCA was a department of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture. In 2011, the Supreme Council of Antiquities became part of the independent department of the Ministry of State for Antiquites (MSA).  In 2022, the department was folded into the Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism.

Although the name of the organization has changed over the years, the purpose and function of it has remained consistent.

The first government body responsible for the preservation and protection of Egypt's rich historical landscape was the Department of Antiquities, established in 1858. This became the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation in 1971.
Γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine, also known as γ-glutamylcysteine (GGC), is a dipeptide found in animals, plants, fungi, some bacteria, and archaea. It has a relatively unusual γ-bond between the constituent amino acids, L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine and is a key intermediate in the γ-glutamyl cycle first described by Meister in the 1970s. It is the most immediate precursor to the antioxidant glutathione.

Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants are frequently added to industrial products, such as polymers, fuels, and lubricants, to extend their usable lifetimes. Foods are also treated with antioxidants to prevent spoilage, in particular the rancidification of oils and fats. In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress.

Dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term has also been applied to various compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro, having little evidence for antioxidant properties in vivo. Dietary supplements marketed as antioxidants have not been shown to maintain health or prevent disease in humans.
USS Mary M
USS Mary M (SP-3274) was a United States Navy motor launch in commission from 1919 to 1922.

Mary M was built as a civilian motorboat of the same name in 1904 at Sharptown, Maryland. In 1919, the U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner, the J. G. White Engineering Company, and assigned her the section patrol number SP-3274.

Assigned to the 5th Naval District, Mary M served as a launch at Indian Head, Maryland, until sold on 1 May 1922.

Indian Head, Maryland
Indian Head is a town in Charles County, Maryland, United States. The population was 3,894 at the 2020 U.S. census. It has been the site of a naval base specializing in gun and rocket propellants since 1890.  Production of nitrocellulose and smokeless powder began at the Indian Head Powder Factory in 1900. The name of the base has varied over the years from Indian Head Proving Ground, to Naval Powder Factory, to Naval Propellant Plant, to Naval Ordnance Station, to the present Naval Support Facility Indian Head. The facility's main tenant activity is the Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC/IH). Advanced research in energetic systems takes place at NSWC/IH. NSWC/IH absorbed the function of the closed Naval Ordnance Laboratory, formerly in White Oak. The base currently employs 3,700 people.
Jacek Krenz
Jacek Krenz, born in 1948 in Poznań, Poland, is an academic architect and painter.
He is a professor at Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, taught also at University of Fine Arts in Poznań – both in Poland – and at Universidade da Beira Interior in Covilhã, Portugal. Charter member of The Polish Watercolour Society. Instructor of Urban Sketchers

Urban Sketchers
Urban Sketchers (USk) is a global community of artists who practice on-location drawings in cities, towns and villages where they live or travel. 
The Urban Sketchers movement began on Flickr in 2007, by journalist Gabriel Campanario. In 2009, Campanario established Urban Sketchers as a nonprofit organization with (501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in United States. The Urban Sketchers Manifesto has since been translated into multiple languages.

The organization's motto is “We show the world, one drawing at a time!”
Thunder Road Films
Thunder Road Films is a film and television production company founded by Basil Iwanyk. It is based in Santa Monica, California.

Thunder Road's films have grossed over $4.1 billion worldwide and garnered nominations from the Academy Awards, Golden Globes, Producers Guild Awards, Writers Guild Awards, Directors Guild Awards, and AFI Awards. The company is known for producing a diverse range of films, including action blockbusters, dramas, and thrillers. Its most successful films include John Wick, The Town, and Sicario.

The company has developed a reputation for supporting the directorial debuts of established actors, with Taylor Sheridan, Halle Berry, and Dev Patel directing their first films with the company.

Producers Guild of America Awards
The Producers Guild of America Awards were originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America (PGA) as the Golden Laurel Awards, created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern, in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product. The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters, including Nick Clooney, Michael Douglas, Robert Guillaume, James Earl Jones, Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Garry Marshall, Walter Matthau, Ronald Reagan, Marlo Thomas, Grant Tinker, Ted Turner, and Karen S. Kramer among others.