hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chevrolet Inline-4 engine
The Chevrolet Inline-4 engine was one of Chevrolet's first automobile engines, designed by Arthur Mason and introduced in 1913. Chevrolet founder Billy Durant, who previously had owned Buick which had pioneered the overhead valve engine, used the same basic engine design for Chevrolet: exposed pushrods and rocker arms which actuated valves in the detachable crossflow cylinder head. This was referred to this as a "valve-in-head" design, and it drew considerable publicity in a time when most rivals were flatheads. It was produced through 1928 when it was replaced by the Chevrolet Stovebolt engine.

Chevrolet would not use another four cylinder engine until 1961 and the introduction of the straight-6-derived Chevrolet 153 4-cylinder engine that was installed in the Chevy II. For other, more modern Chevrolet four-cylinder engines see the list of GM engines.

Crossflow cylinder head
A crossflow cylinder head is a cylinder head that features the intake and exhaust ports on opposite sides. The gases can be thought to flow across the head. This is in contrast to reverse-flow cylinder head designs that have the ports on the same side.

Crossflow heads use overhead valves, but these can be actuated either by overhead camshafts, or by a valve-train, which has the camshafts in the cylinder block, and actuates the valves with push rods and rockers.
NRC (newspaper)
NRC, previously called NRC Handelsblad (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɛnɛrseː ˈɦɑndəlzblɑt]), is a daily morning newspaper published in the Netherlands by Mediahuis NRC. It is widely regarded as a newspaper of record in the country.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Iryna Merkushyna
Iryna Merkushyna-Korchagina (born 3 August 1968 in Samara, Russia) is a biathlete who competed for Ukraine at the 1998 Winter Olympics, finishing 49th in the Women's sprint.

Her daughters Anastasiya and Oleksandra are also biathletes.

Biathlon at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Women's sprint
The Women's 7.5 kilometre sprint biathlon competition at the 1998 Winter Olympics was held on 15 February, at Nozawa Onsen. Competitors raced over two 2.5 kilometre loops and one 3.0 kilometre loop of the skiing course, shooting two times, once prone and once standing. Each miss was penalized by requiring the competitor to race over a 150-metre penalty loop.
Rigoberto Torres
Rigoberto Torres (born 1960) is a sculptor who was born in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico and worked in New York City, before moving to Florida where he currently lives and works. Torres began working in a factory where religious figures were cast, producing religious statuary. He also considers himself to be a community based artist.

Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
Aguadilla (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈðiʝa], locally [awaˈðiʝa]), founded in 1775 by Luis de Córdova, is a city and municipality located in the northwestern tip of Puerto Rico, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, north of Aguada, and Moca and west of Isabela. Aguadilla is spread over 15 barrios and Aguadilla Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is a principal city and core of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. This region was already inhabited and known as Aguadilla before 1770. Nevertheless, according to Dr. Agustín Stahl in his Foundation of Aguadilla, it was not until 1780 that the town was officially founded. The construction of a new church and the proceedings to become an independent village began in 1775.
35th General Assembly of Newfoundland
The members of the 35th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in October 1971. The votes were evenly divided between the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservatives.

The election resulted in a hung parliament where neither party was able to form a stable government.

There was one session of the 35th General Assembly:

Ewart John Arlington Harnum served as lieutenant governor of Newfoundland.

Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a provincial political party in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The party was founded in 1949 and has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador since the 2025 general election, with leader Tony Wakeham as premier.
Jan Sokol (philosopher)
Jan Sokol (18 April 1936 – 16 February 2021) was a Czech philosopher, dissident, politician and translator. He briefly served as Minister of Education, Youth and Sports in 1998 under Prime Minister Josef Tošovský. From 1990 to 1992, he was Member of Parliament for Prague. From 2000 to 2007, he served as the first dean of the Faculty of Humanities at Charles University in Prague. Sokol ran for President of the Czech Republic in the 2003 election but lost to Václav Klaus.

Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)
The Federal Assembly (Czech: Federální shromáždění, Slovak: Federálne zhromaždenie) was the highest organ of state power of Czechoslovakia from 1 January 1969 until the amendment of the state constitution on 23 April 1990. From 23 April 1990 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 31 December 1992, it functioned as the state's federal legislature.

Chapter 3 of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia recognized it as "the supreme organ of state power and the sole statewide legislative body."
Second government of Fernando Clavijo
The Second government of Fernando Clavijo was formed on 15 July 2023, following the latter's election as President of the government of Canary Islands by the Parliament of the Canary Islands on 12 July and his swearing-in on 14 July, as a result of Canarian Coalition (CCa), the People's Party (PP), the Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) and Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) being able to muster a majority of seats in the Parliament following the 2023 Canarian regional election. It succeeded the government of Ángel Víctor Torres and has been the incumbent Government of the Canary Islands since 21 July 2023, a total of 621 days, or 1 year, 8 months and 12 days.

The cabinet comprises members of CCa, the PP and the AHI, as well as a number of members of ASG at sub-ministry level.

Parliament of the Canary Islands
The Parliament of the Canary Islands is the regional legislature of the Canary Islands, an autonomous community of Spain.  The Parliament has seventy members and members serve on four-year terms. The parliament is based in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, one of the Canaries' two capitals.
Hehl
Hehl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jake Hehl (1899–1961), American baseball player

Lambert Hehl (born 1924), American politician

Maximilian Emil Hehl (1861–1916), Brazil-based German engineer and architect

Ulrich von Hehl (born 1947), German historian

Maximilian Emil Hehl
Maximilian Emil Hehl (Kassel, September 17, 1861 – São Paulo, August 27, 1916) was a German engineer and architect active in Brazil.

Son of Johannes Hehl, director of the Kassel Polytechnic College, and Carolin Wolff Hehl, he studied engineering in the University of Hanover. In 1888 he migrated to Brazil to work with railway construction in Minas Gerais. He moved later to São Paulo where he, in 1898, became professor at the University of São Paulo Polytechnic School.

His major work was the project of the São Paulo Cathedral in neo-Gothic style, which he died before the conclusion of. He also designed Santos Cathedral and the Consolação Church (São Paulo).
1989 European Parliament election in Sardinia
The European Parliament election of 1989 took place on 18 June 1989.

Christian Democracy was the largest party in Sardinia. Mario Melis (Sardinian Action Party) was re-elected to the European Parliament in the Islands constituency, thanks to an alliance with several regionalist parties notably including the Valdostan Union.

Sardinian Action Party
The Sardinian Action Party (Sardinian: Partidu Sardu, Italian: Partito Sardo d'Azione, PSd'Az or PSdA) is a Sardinian nationalist, regionalist and separatist political party in Sardinia founded by Sardinian anti-fascist intellectual Emilio Lussu. While being traditionally part of the Sardinian centre-left, the party has also sided with the centre-right coalition and, more recently, with the League.

The PSd'Az is one of the oldest stateless nationalist parties active in Europe that promotes autonomy towards the ideal of independence. As such, the party was a founding member of the European Free Alliance in 1984, but was expelled in 2020 because of its alliance with the League.

Christian Solinas, who has led the party since 2015, was elected senator in the 2018 general election and President of Sardinia in the 2019 regional election, the first Sardist to do so since Mario Melis in 1984–1989, leading a centre-right coalition.
Scott Newman (politician)
Scott J. Newman (born January 14, 1947) is an American attorney and former Republican member of the Minnesota Senate. He represented Senate District 18, which includes portions of McLeod, Meeker, Sibley and Wright counties just west of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. He is also a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives and was the Republican nominee for attorney general in the 2014 election.

McLeod County, Minnesota
McLeod County (/məkˈlaʊd/ mək-LOWD) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,771. Its county seat is Glencoe.

McLeod County comprises the Hutchinson, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area and is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined Statistical Area.
Zharchikhite
Zharchikhite is a halide mineral, a hydroxyl fluoride of aluminium; formula AlF(OH)2. It forms colourless, transparent crystals.  Discovered in 1968, it is named after its original locality, the Zharchinskoya Deposit, which is in Buryatia, Russia.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Richlin Security Service Co. v. Chertoff
Richlin Security Service Co. v. Chertoff, 553 U.S. 571 (2008), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States evaluated standards for awarding attorney's fees under the Equal Access to Justice Act. After it prevailed in a lawsuit for back wages, Richlin filed an application for reimbursement of fees and expenses from the lawsuit, including 523.8 hours of paralegal work. Richlin requested the paralegal fees at the market rate for the services, rather than at the cost to the law firm that represented Richlin. The Department of Transportation's Board of Contract Appeals ruled that recovery of fees should be limited to the cost to the attorneys, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the Board's determination. In an opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito, the Court held that parties are entitled to reimbursement for services at prevailing market rates.

Attorney's fee
Attorney's fee is a chiefly United States term for compensation for legal services performed by an attorney (lawyer or law firm) for a client, in or out of court.

Fees may be an hourly, flat-rate or contingent fee. Recent studies suggest that when lawyers charge a flat-fee rather than billing by the hour, they work less hard on behalf of clients and clients get worse outcomes.

Attorney fees are separate from fines, compensatory and punitive damages, and (except in Nevada) from court costs in a legal case. Under the "American rule", attorney fees are usually not paid by the losing party to the winning party in a case, except pursuant to specific statutory or contractual rights.
Condemned to Hang
Condemned to Hang or Flesh for the Gallows (Spanish: Carne de horca, Italian: Il terrore dell'Andalusia) is a 1953 Italian-Spanish historical adventure film directed by Ladislao Vajda and starring Rossano Brazzi, Fosco Giachetti and Emma Penella. The film portrays the bandits of nineteenth century Andalucía. The film's art direction was by Alberto Boccianti.

Ladislao Vajda
Ladislao Vajda (born Vajda László, Hungarian: [ˈvɒjdɒ ˈlaːsloː]; 18 August 1906 – 25 March 1965) was a Hungarian-Spanish film director who made films in Hungary, Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Italy and West Germany.
Capriano del Colle
Capriano del Colle (Brescian: Cavreà) is a comune in the  province of Brescia, Lombardy, northern Italy.  It is bounded by other communes of Azzano Mella, Bagnolo Mella, Flero, Poncarale, Castel Mella and Dello. It is situated on the eastern slopes of Monte Netto, famous for the production of Clinto grapes.

Clinton (grape)
Clinton is a red variety of hybrid grape. Its strong resistance to phylloxera and mildews led to its being planted in several European countries (Austria, France, Italy, and Switzerland among them), as well as Brazil. Wines made from Clinton can have fruity flavors sometimes associated with raspberry or strawberry (similar to the world's most planted grape) and dark red color.
Palane Vajiragnana Thera
Palane Vajiragnana Thera (November 25, 1878 – September 21, 1955) was a Sri Lankan (Sinhala) scholar Buddhist monk, who founded the Siri Vajiraramaya temple in Bambalapitiya, Sri Lanka. He was also the Maha Nayaka (head) of Amarapura Sri Dharmarakshita sect for 37 years from August 5, 1918 until his death in 1955.

Bambalapitiya
Bambalapitiya is a southern coastal neighbourhood of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

The area also known as Colombo 4, spans about 1.5 km2 (370 acres)  along Galle Road. The western boundary of the suburb is the Indian Ocean and it is bordered to the east by Havelock Town, the north by Kollupitiya, and to the south by Wellawatte. It falls within the Kollupitiya (Colpetty) Ward of the Colombo Municipal Council.
Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages.

This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.

There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.

Outline of ancient India
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India:

Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE.
Preshute
Preshute (/ˈprɛʃuːt/) is a civil parish immediately west and northwest of Marlborough in Wiltshire, England. Unusually for a Wiltshire parish, it does not take its name from any town or village. The population at the 2011 census was 193.

The River Kennet and the A4 road cross the parish; the boundary between Marlborough and Preshute is beyond Manton, about 1.3 miles (2.1 km) along the A4 from the centre of Marlborough.

The parish is almost entirely downland and farmland. The settlements are Manton House (with Manton Stables, where racehorses are trained) and the hamlet of Clatford.

A4 road (England)
The A4 is a major road in England from Central London to Avonmouth via Heathrow Airport, Reading, Bath and Bristol. It is historically known as the Bath Road with newer sections including the Great West Road and Portway. The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after the A40, the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by the M4 motorway today, the A4 still acts as the main route from Bristol to London for non-motorway traffic.
Warrensville–Van Aken station
Warrensville–Van Aken station (signed as Warrensville) is a station on the RTA light rail Blue Line in Shaker Heights, Ohio. It is the eastern terminus of the Blue Line. Unlike most of the stations in Shaker Heights, Warrensville–Van Aken is located off street, not in the median of Van Aken Boulevard. It is located in a block surrounded by Chagrin Boulevard (U.S. Route 422), Van Aken Boulevard, and Northfield Road (Ohio State Route 8) and Tuttle Road in the midst of a dense retail/commercial area. The station is located one block west of Warrensville Center Road, after which it named.

Ohio State Route 8
State Route 8 (SR 8) is a road in the U.S. state of Ohio. SR 8 stretches from the eastern junction of Interstate 76 (I-76) and I-77 in Akron to Public Square in Cleveland. It is one of nine routes to enter downtown Cleveland at Public Square. The route's first few miles are as a limited-access freeway from I-76 and I-77, heading north.  The freeway section of the highway has 17 interchanges, and is cosigned with SR 59 for approximately five miles (8.0 km) from Perkins Street in Akron to Front Street in Cuyahoga Falls.  The freeway section ends at I-271 in Macedonia.
Toyota RZ engine
The Toyota RZ engine family is a straight-four piston engine series built in Japan. The RZ series uses a cast-iron engine block and aluminum SOHC or DOHC cylinder heads. It has electronic fuel injection (EFI), 2 or 4 valves per cylinder and features forged steel connecting rods.

Connecting rod
A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft. The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston. In its most common form, in an internal combustion engine, it  allows pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end.

The predecessor to the connecting rod is a mechanic linkage used by water mills to convert rotating motion of the water wheel into reciprocating motion.

The most common usage of connecting rods is in internal combustion engines or on steam engines.
Pyruvate oxidase
In enzymology, pyruvate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are pyruvic acid, phosphate, and oxygen. Its products are acetyl phosphate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyruvate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating). Other names in common use include pyruvic oxidase, and phosphate-dependent pyruvate oxidase.  This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism.  It has 2 cofactors: FAD,  and Thiamin diphosphate.

Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.
Zinzendorf family
The House of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf was an old noble family originating in Lower Austria, documented from the High Middle Ages and later elevated to the rank of Imperial Counts of the Holy Roman Empire. The family belonged to the regional landed nobility of the Austrian duchies and is recorded in standard works of Austrian noble genealogy and heraldry. It is not to be confused with the princely House of Sinzendorf, as these two families do not share the same ancestry.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Oleku (song)
"Oleku" is a song by Nigerian rapper Ice Prince, released by Chocolate City on September 21, 2010. It features vocals by Brymo and serves as the lead single from his debut studio album, Everybody Loves Ice Prince (2011). "Oleku" is one of the most remixed Nigerian songs of all time, and was played alongside Naeto C's "Ten Over Ten" and  D'banj's "Scapegoat". "Oleku" won several accolades, including Hottest Single of the Year at the 2011 Nigeria Entertainment Awards and Song of the Year at the 2011 City People Entertainment Awards.

Naeto C
Naetochukwu Chikwe Listenⓘ, stage name Naeto C, is a Nigerian rapper, Afrobeat artist and record producer. He rose to prominence with the track 'Kini Big Deal' which is credited for changing the Nigerian hip hop sound. Known for his catchy hooks and smooth flow, he is regarded as one of the most influential Nigerian rappers.

He has won several awards some of which are the HHWA best hip hop single 2009, Soundcity best male video 2009, Best new act at the MTV MAMA’s award 2008. He also won 3 Channel O Awards, The Headies and many others.
2023 Japan Women's Open – Singles
Ashlyn Krueger defeated Zhu Lin in the final, 6–3, 7–6(8–6) to win the singles title at the 2023 Japan Women's Open. It was her first WTA Tour title.

Nao Hibino was the defending champion from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but lost in the first round to Rebecca Marino.

Ashlyn Krueger
Ashlyn Rose Krueger (born May 7, 2004) is an American professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of No. 29, achieved on 14 July 2025, and a doubles ranking of world No. 62, achieved in August 2024. Krueger has won one singles title and one doubles title on the WTA Tour.