hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1977 Dan-Air Boeing 707 crash
The 1977 Dan-Air/IAS Cargo Boeing 707 crash was a fatal accident involving a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on behalf of International Aviation Services Limited (trading as IAS Cargo Airlines at the time of the accident), which had been sub-contracted by Zambia Airways Corporation to operate a weekly scheduled all-cargo service between London Heathrow and the Zambian capital Lusaka via Athens and Nairobi. The aircraft crashed during approach to Lusaka Airport, Zambia, on 14 May 1977. All six crew members of the aircraft were killed.

Fail-safe
In engineering, a fail-safe is a design feature or practice that, in the event of a failure of the design feature, inherently responds in a way that will cause minimal or no harm to other equipment, to the environment or to people. Unlike inherent safety to a particular hazard, a system being "fail-safe" does not mean that failure is naturally inconsequential, but rather that the system's design prevents or mitigates unsafe consequences of the system's failure. If and when a "fail-safe" system fails, it remains at least as safe as it was before the failure. Since many types of failure are possible, failure mode and effects analysis is used to examine failure situations and recommend safety design and procedures.

Some systems can never be made fail-safe, as continuous availability is needed. Redundancy, fault tolerance, or contingency plans are used for these situations (e.g. multiple independently controlled and fuel-fed engines).
Woodhall Spa Urban District
Woodhall Spa was an Urban District in Parts of Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England, from 1898 to 1974. It was created under the Local Government Act 1894.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and combined with various other local government districts in the eastern part of Lindsey to form the new East Lindsey district.

Parts of Lindsey
The Parts of Lindsey are a traditional division of Lincolnshire, England, covering the northern part of the county.  The Isle of Axholme, which is on the west side of the River Trent, has normally formed part of it.  The district's name originated from the Kingdom of Lindsey of Anglo-Saxon times, whose territories were merged with that of Stamford to form Lincolnshire.

As with the other historic divisions of Lincolnshire, Lindsey is no longer a local government unit, although its name survives in that of two districts of the county council area Lincolnshire (East and West Lindsey), and it is still recognised as a geographical area.
The Smurfs (1981 TV series)
The Smurfs (syndicated as Smurfs' Adventures) is  an animated fantasy-comedy children's television series that originally aired on NBC from September 12, 1981 to December 2, 1989. Produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, it is based on the Belgian comic series of the same name, created by Belgian cartoonist Peyo (who also served as story supervisor of this adaptation) and aired for 256 episodes with a total of 417 stories, excluding three cliffhangers and seven specials.

Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (/ɡriːɡ/ GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to fame, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana in Bohemia.

Grieg is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues that depict his image and many cultural entities named after him: the city's largest concert building (Grieg Hall), its most advanced music school (Grieg Academy) and its professional choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.
Roy Starrs
Roy Starrs (born 1946) is a British-Canadian scholar of Japanese literature and culture who teaches at the University of Otago in New Zealand. He has written critical studies of the major Japanese writers Yasunari Kawabata, Naoya Shiga, Osamu Dazai, and Yukio Mishima, and edited books on Asian nationalism (especially ethnic nationalism, religious nationalism, and cultural nationalism), globalization, pan-Asianism, Japanese modernism, and cultural responses to disaster in Japan. He has also published essays on Japan-related topics such as the Kojiki, Lafcadio Hearn, and Japanese calligraphy.

Roy Starrs is also the Japan editor of the online The Literary Encyclopedia.

Starrs was born in Birmingham, England on November 18, 1946 and became a Canadian citizen as an adult. He received his Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia in 1986 and previously taught at University of British Columbia, Union College (New York), and Aarhus University (Denmark).

Cultural nationalism
Cultural nationalism is a term used by scholars of nationalism to describe efforts among intellectuals to promote the formation of national communities through emphasis on a common culture. It is contrasted with "political" nationalism, which refers to specific movements for national self-determination through the establishment of a nation-state.
Jan Muhammad Khan
Jān Muhammad Khān Bahādur (Bengali: জান মোহাম্মদ খান বাহাদুর, Persian: جان محمد خان بهادر) was a Faujdar of the Mughal Bengal's Sylhet Sarkar. He was the successor of the previous faujdar, Syed Ibrahim Khan. In 1667, Khan granted some land to Sylheti residents. He gave Hariram Bhattacharya, father of Ramkeshav Bhattacharya, some land in Dulali Pargana. Khan was succeeded by Faujdar Mahafata Khan.

Sylhet Division
Sylhet Division (Bengali: সিলেট বিভাগ, pronounced [sileʈ bibʱaɡ] ⓘ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It covers an area of approximately 12,298 km2 (4,748 sq mi), and shares international borders with the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively—while domestically it adjoins the divisions of Chattogram to the southwest and Dhaka and Mymensingh to the west. Renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage—Sylhet's capital is its namesake, and the fifth-largest urban agglomeration in Bangladesh.

Prior to Partition in 1947, it included Karimganj subdivision (presently in Barak Valley, Assam, India). However, Karimganj (including the thanas of Badarpur, Patharkandi and Ratabari) was inexplicably severed from Sylhet by the Radcliffe Boundary Commission. According to Niharranjan Ray, it was partly due to a plea from a delegation led by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar.
Listed buildings in Little Longstone
Little Longstone is a civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England.  The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Little Longstone and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of houses and cottages, a public house, a set of village stocks, a barn, a chapel, a former stable range, and a railway viaduct.

Stocks
Stocks are feet restraining devices that were used as a form of corporal punishment and public humiliation. The use of stocks is seen as early as Ancient Greece, where they are described as being in use in Solon's law code. The law describing its use is cited by the orator Lysias: "'He shall have his or her foot confined in the stocks for five days, if the court shall make such addition to the sentence.' The 'stocks' there mentioned, Theomnestus, are what we now call 'confinement in the wood'" (Lys. 10.16).
E. C. Singer
E. C. Singer was an American engineer (and the nephew of Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing machine) who worked on secret projects for the benefit of the Confederate States of America and invented a spar torpedo used during the U.S. Civil War.  Singer's torpedo was a large explosive device mounted on the tip of a long spar.  It was detonated by means of a trigger mechanism adapted from a rifle lock (see flintlock mechanism for a similar device). The spring-loaded trigger was detonated by means of a long cord attached to the attacking vessel. The attacking vessel rammed its target, embedding the barbed torpedo in its hull, then backed off.  When the attacker reached the limit of the trigger cord, the torpedo was detonated.

Isaac Singer
Isaac Merritt Singer (October 27, 1811 – July 23, 1875) was an American inventor, actor, and businessman. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machine and was the founder of what became one of the first American multi-national businesses, the Singer Sewing Machine Company.

Many others, including Walter Hunt and Elias Howe, had patented sewing machines before Singer, but his success was based on the practicality of his machine, the ease with which it could be adapted to home use and its availability on an installments payment basis.

Singer died in 1875, dividing his $13 million fortune unequally among 20 of his living children by his wives and various mistresses, although one son, who had supported his mother in her divorce case against Singer, received only $500. Altogether, he fathered 26 children by five different women.
Knox Church, Christchurch
Knox Church is a Presbyterian church in Christchurch, New Zealand.

The original church was built in 1880 to a design by Samuel Farr. When the attendance increased beyond the capacity of the building, a new church was built in 1902 alongside the first one to a design by Robert England. Located on the corner of Bealey Avenue and Victoria Street, it was one of Christchurch's historic buildings that was badly damaged during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, but which has been repaired to a design by Wilkie and Bruce Architects using the remaining wooden frame. Other buildings in the Knox complex remained functional.

Victoria Street, Christchurch
Victoria Street is a road in the central city of Christchurch, New Zealand. It runs from the intersection of Papanui Road and Bealey Avenue in the north-west, and terminates in the south-east at the corner of Kilmore and Durham Streets. One of the two diagonal roads that break the original grid plan (the other being High Street), it was very important in the development of Christchurch.
Liaisons (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Liaisons" is the 154th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the second episode of the seventh season.

The episode first aired on September 27, 1993 and was directed by Cliff Bole. The teleplay was written by Jeanne Carrigan Fauci and Lisa Rich based on a story written by Roger Eschbacher and Jaq Greenspon.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.
In this episode, the Enterprise-D crew takes on ambassadors as part of a cultural exchange, with Picard departing to spend time with the aliens. When Picard's shuttlecraft crash lands on a forbidding planet, and the crew struggles to understand their guests, the stage is set for mystery.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
Lawrence Orr
Captain Lawrence Percy Story Orr (16 September 1918 – 11 July 1990) was an Ulster Unionist politician in Northern Ireland.  He was Member of Parliament (MP) for South Down from 1950 until he retired at the October 1974 general election, preceding Enoch Powell.

South Down (UK Parliament constituency)
South Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons. The seat covers the Mourne Mountains, and Downpatrick to the north. It has a short border with the Republic of Ireland to the south. The MP since 2017 is Chris Hazzard of Sinn Féin.
2017 Copa Sevilla – Doubles
Íñigo Cervantes and Oriol Roca Batalla were the defending champions but only Cervantes chose to defend his title, partnering Pedro Cachin. Cervantes successfully defended his title.

Cachin and Cervantes won the title after defeating Ivan Gakhov and David Vega Hernández 7–6(7–5), 3–6, [10–5] in the final.

Oriol Roca Batalla
Oriol Roca Batalla (Catalan: [uriˈɔl ˈrɔkə βəˈtaʎə], Spanish: [oˈɾjol ˈroka βaˈtaʎa]; born 30 April 1993) is a professional Spanish tennis player who competes on the ATP Challenger Tour.
He has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 150 achieved on 19 August 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 128 achieved on 16 October 2023.

Roca Batalla has won 30 ITF singles titles, including two ATP Challengers, and 51 ITF doubles titles.
Deron
Deron, also spelled DeRon or DeRonn, is a male given name. Notable people with this name include:

Deron Bilous (born 1975), Canadian politician

Deron Cherry (born 1959), American football player

Deron Feldhaus (born 1968), American basketball player

DeRon Jenkins (born 1973), American football player

Deron Johnson (1938–1992), American baseball player

Deron Johnson (musician), American jazz keyboardist

Deron Mayo (born 1988), American football player

Deron McBee (born 1961), American actor and sportsman

Deron Miller (born 1976), American heavy metal musician

DeRonn Scott (born 1991), American basketball player

Deron Quint (born 1976), American ice hockey player

Deron Washington (born 1985), American basketball player

Deron Williams (born 1984), American basketball player

Deron Feldhaus
Deron Feldhaus (born December 16, 1968), is an American former basketball player. He is best known for his collegiate career with the Kentucky Wildcats. He is also one of four seniors on the 1991–92 team known as "The Unforgettables". During his senior season at the University of Kentucky, Feldhaus averaged 11.4 Points per game.
Al-Mutlaa
Al-Mutlaa (Arabic: المطلاع, romanized: Al-Mitlae) is a city in Jahra Governorate, northern Kuwait. The city spans an area of 100 square kilometers. It is the largest housing project in Kuwaiti history, ultimately intended to provide homes for 400,000 people in 12 suburbs with amenities.

History of Kuwait
Kuwait is a sovereign state in Western Asia located at the head of the Persian Gulf. The geographical region of Kuwait has been occupied by humans since antiquity, particularly due to its strategic location at the head of the Persian Gulf. In the pre-oil era, Kuwait was a regional trade port. In the modern era, Kuwait is best known for the Gulf War (1990–1991).
Bhoopgarhi
Bhoopgarhi is a small village in the Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh, near the Vikas Khand administrative region of Jani Khurd, on the Bagpat road.

The village was established in 1910 by Chaudhary Bhoopat Singh Teotia, who came from Bhatona village in Bulandshahar, West Uttar Pradesh. It is also associated with former prime minister Chaudhary Charan Singh. The population today is around 700, of whom all are Hindus of the Teotia gotra of Jats. The village's present gram pradhan (village leader) is Anil kumar.

The village had a literacy rate of 95.2% in 2009. The villagers are predominantly farmers, and water from the Gaangnehar canal is used as irrigation to sustain sugarcane cultivation in the village.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Jonathan J. Smith
Jonathan J. Smith (January 13, 1844 – December 19, 1916) was an American businessman, newspaper editor, and politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Born in Harvard, McHenry County, Illinois, Smith served in the 65th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. He then lived on a farm in Butler County, Iowa. In 1878, Smith moved to Barron, Wisconsin. He was one of the editors of the Barron Republican newspaper and owned a general store. He served as town treasurer, city treasurer, and mayor of Barron, Wisconsin. From 1895 to 1899, Smith served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Smith died in Barron, Wisconsin.

Butler County, Iowa
Butler County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,334. Its county seat is Allison. The county was organized in 1854 and named for General William O. Butler.
Dear Brother (song)
"Dear Brother" is a duet by Hank Williams and Audrey Williams.  It was released by MGM Records in 1949.  They recorded it with Fred Rose producing at Castle Studio in Nashville on March 1, 1949 and were backed by Dale Potter (fiddle), Don Davis (Steel guitar), Zeke Turner (Lead guitar), Clyde Baum (Mandolin), Jack Shook (Rhythm guitar), and probably Ernie Newton (bass). Audrey was six months pregnant at the time of the recording. By February 1950 it had sold 739 copies.

Audrey Williams
Audrey Mae Sheppard Williams (February 28, 1923 – November 4, 1975) was an American musician known for being the first wife of country music singer and songwriter Hank Williams, the mother of Hank Williams Jr., and the grandmother of Hank Williams III and Holly Williams.
Lophanthera
Lophanthera is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Lophanthera comprises 5 species of shrubs and trees, all but one native to the Amazonian South America; the exception (L. hammelii) is from Costa Rica. Lophanthera lactescens has become popular in recent decades as a cultivated ornamental in many warm regions of the Old and New World. It is propagated by cuttings and seeds.

Malpighiales
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, violets, poplars, corpse flower, coca plant, cassava, rubber tree, castor bean, spurges, flaxseed, Saint John's wort, passionfruit, mangosteen, and manchineel tree.

The order is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology and the relationships of its diverse members can be hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.

The Malpighiales contain about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.
Minister for Foreign Affairs (Seychelles)
The Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Seychelles is a cabinet minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Seychelles, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.

The following is a list of foreign ministers of Seychelles since its founding in 1976:

Foreign relations of Seychelles
The Seychelles follows a policy of what it describes as "positive" nonalignment and strongly supports the principle of reduced superpower presence in the Indian Ocean. The Seychelles' foreign policy position has placed it generally toward the left of the spectrum within the Non-Aligned Movement. Russia, the United Kingdom, France, India, the People's Republic of China, Libya and Cuba maintain embassies in Victoria.

The government of the Seychelles withdrew diplomatic recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic on March 17, 2008, according to an official government source.
British North West Africa Company
British North West Africa Company was an international trading company, founded by Donald MacKenzie in 1874 after securing bank financing with the guarantee of businessmen from Manchester. Since 1882 It was taken from Port Victoria in Tarfaya as its headquarters for the purpose of dealing with commercial caravans linking Noun River and Timbuktu.

In 1879, the company occupied and took over Tarfaya as part of the Scramble for Africa, and turned it into an exchange center of trade in order to trade with commercial caravans coming from Timbuktu and destined to Wadi Noun. In 1882, Mackenzie built a fortress under the name of "Port Victoria". On 26 March 1888, the local Saharan tribes attacked the fortress which resulted in killing and injuring workers. In 1895, after the Treaty of Cape Juby, the company abandoned its final fort and left it to the sultan of Morocco, Abd al-Aziz, who had just succeeded his father Hassan I.

Hassan I of Morocco
Mawlay Hassan bin Mohammed (Arabic: الحسن بن محمد, romanized: al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad), known as Hassan I (Arabic: الحسن الأول, romanized: al-Ḥasan al-Awwal; 1836 or 1857 – 9 June 1894) was the sultan of Morocco from 16 September 1873 to 9 June 1894, as a ruler of the 'Alawi dynasty. He was proclaimed sultan after the death of his father Muhammad IV. Mawlay Hassan was among the most successful sultans. He increased the power of the makhzen in Morocco and at a time when the rest of Africa was falling under foreign control, he brought in military and administrative reforms to strengthen his government within its complete territory, and he carried out an active military and diplomatic program on the periphery. He died on 9 June 1894 and was succeeded by his son Abd al-Aziz.
Willoch
Willoch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kåre Willoch (born 1928), Norwegian politician

Odd Isaachsen Willoch (1885–1940), Norwegian naval officer

Herman Willoch, Norwegian painter

Erik Willoch, Norwegian jurist

Sigurd Willoch, Norwegian art historian

Odd Isaachsen Willoch
Odd Isaachsen Willoch (26 February 1885 – 9 April 1940) was a Norwegian naval officer who commanded one of the two coastal defence ships defending Narvik during the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940.
James E. Fleming
James E. Fleming is an American legal scholar who serves as the Paul J. Liacos Professor of Law at the Boston University School of Law. He is a scholar in standard constitutional theory and constitutional interpretation, with special attention to criticizing originalism and defending moral readings of the U.S. Constitution, developing a civic liberalism concerned with protecting rights and instilling civic virtues, and justifying rights to autonomy and equality as central to constitutional self-government.

Political egalitarianism
Political egalitarianism describes an inclusive and fair allocation of political power or influence, fair processes, and fair treatment of all regardless of characteristics like race, gender, religion, age, wealth, intelligence and sexuality. Political egalitarianism, and its close cousin political equality, are key founding principles and sources of legitimacy for many democracies. Related principles include one person, one vote and equality before the law.