hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pavlovka, Perm Krai
Pavlovka (Russian: Павловка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Pavlovskoye Rural Settlement, Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 673 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
K-500-65/3000 steam turbine
K-500-65/3000 steam turbine is a steam turbine developed by the Kharkiv Turbine Plant (now Turboatom) in 1970 for usage in nuclear power plants with RBMK-1000. The turbine widely operated in Chernobyl, Leningrad, Kursk, and Smolensk.

Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant
Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant (Russian: Смоленская АЭС [pronunciationⓘ]) is a nuclear power station in Russia. It is located in Smolensk Oblast, in the town of Desnogorsk, approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Smolensk, 115 kilometres (71 mi) from Bryansk and 320 kilometres (200 mi) from Moscow. Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant is the biggest power generating station in the north-western region of the united energy system of Russia. Smolensk NPP has an outer appearance similar to that of Chernobyl NPP units 3-4, as both are later generation RBMKs.
Héctor Vázquez-Azpiri
Héctor Vázquez-Azpiri (born 1931) is a Spanish writer. He was born in Oviedo, and studied at Oviedo University and in Madrid.

In July 1951 he was kidnapped in Celorio, Llanes, where he was vacationing, by the bandit Bernabé, an event that he deals with in his first novel, Víbora (1955). The novel was a finalist for the Nadal Award. An indefatigable traveler, he worked in various trades and returned to literature ten years later with another novel, La arrancarada (1965), which was followed by La navaja (1965), Fauna (1967, Alfaguara Award), Juego of bobos (1972) and Corrido de Vale Otero (1974). He was a correspondent for the Cuban magazine Carteles and the Mexican magazine Visión, as well as sports writer for the magazine Tiempo and a contributor to Televisión Española.

University of Oviedo
The University of Oviedo (Spanish: Universidad de Oviedo, Asturian: Universidá d'Uviéu) is a public university in Asturias (Spain). It is the only university in the region. It has three campus and research centres, located in Oviedo, Gijón and Mieres.
In My Memory
In My Memory is the debut studio album by Dutch DJ Tiësto. It was released on 15 April 2001 (see 2001 in music). This album featured the vocals of Jan Johnston, Nicola Hitchcock, and Kirsty Hawkshaw. Junkie XL produced "Obsession" on this album. This album produced four major hits that launched Tiësto's career: "Flight 643", "Obsession", "Lethal Industry" and "Suburban Train". A remix album was released later on and it charted #12 in the US Hot Dance Club Play.

2001 in music
This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2001.

3.2 billion units were sold with a value of US$33.7 billion. DVD-Audio and Super Audio CD first rose to prominence in 2001, with approximately 600 titles available in these formats. Portable music grew in popularity after Apple Inc. released the iTunes media library on January 9 and the first iPod music player device on October 23. Worldwide, the best-selling albums were Hybrid Theory (2000) by Linkin Park, No Angel (1999) by Dido, and Survivor (2001) by Destiny's Child. The best-selling non-English album was Cieli di Toscana (transl. Tuscan Skies; 2001) by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, which topped the charts in the Netherlands and Sweden and was the 23rd best-selling album globally.
Battle of Villers-Bretonneux
Battle of Villers-Bretonneux can refer to:

Battle of Amiens (1870) (27 November 1870), also known as the Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, during the Franco-Prussian War

First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (30 March – 5 April 1918) during World War I

Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (24–27 April 1918) during World War I

First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux
The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (30 March – 5 April 1918), took place during Operation Michael, part of the German spring offensive on the Western Front. The offensive began against the British Fifth Army and the Third Army on the Somme and pushed back the British and French reinforcements on the north side of the Somme. The capture of Villers-Bretonneux, close to Amiens, a strategically important road- and rail-junction, would have brought the Germans within artillery-range. In late March, Australian troops were brought south from Belgium as reinforcements to help shore up the line and in early April the Germans launched an attack to capture Villers-Bretonneux. After a determined defence by British and Australian troops, the attackers were close to success until a counter-attack by the 9th Australian Infantry Brigade and by British troops, late in the afternoon of 4 April, restored the line and halted the German advance on Amiens.
Das Supertalent season 2
Das Supertalent (season 2) is the second season of Germany's Got Talent franchise. Season 2 began on 18 October 2008. Owing to good ratings in season 1, the number of episodes was increased to seven; four audition shows, each one hour long and three live shows, each two hours long. The judges were Dieter Bohlen, Bruce Darnell and Sylvie van der Vaart. The last episodes were on 15 and 22 November. 44-year-old harmonica player Michael Hirte won the second season with 72.62 percent of the vote and won the 100,000 euros with it. On 5 December he released an album called Der Mann mit der Mundharmonika (The Man with the Harmonica) which placed No. 1 on the German Charts and did the same little later in Austria and Switzerland.

Dieter Bohlen
Dieter Bohlen (German: [ˈdiːtɐ ˈboːlən]; born Dieter Günter Bohlen on 7 February 1954) is a German songwriter, producer, singer and television personality. He first achieved fame as a member of the pop duo Modern Talking in the 1980s, and has since produced numerous German and international artists. He is also a judge on casting shows Deutschland sucht den Superstar and Das Supertalent.
South Forest, Tasmania
South Forest is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Circular Head in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the town of Smithton. The 2016 census recorded a population of 101 for the state suburb of South Forest.

Circular Head Council
Circular Head Council is a local government body in Tasmania covering the far north-west mainland. It is classified as a rural local government area with a population of 8,066, and its major towns and localities include Arthur River, Marrawah and Stanley, with Smithton being the largest and principal town.  The origin of the name “Circular Head” is unknown.
Portus B. Weare
Portus B. Weare was a wooden sternwheel steamship built in 1892 for service on the Yukon River.  She played a notable role in the Klondike gold rush, being the second ship to bring news of the Klondike gold strike and an estimated $1 million in gold down the river in 1897.  This set off the gold rush.  The vessel carried freight and passengers up the Yukon to Dawson City and later Fairbanks.  She was abandoned in 1926 or 1927, after the need for steamboat transport to the interior declined.

Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine driving paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. Earlier ships that are driven by a paddle wheel under manual power are known as paddle wheelers.

In the early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water.

Paddle wheels continue to be used by some ships that operate as excursion boats, floating restaurants, and casinos; these include replica vessels, and are often diesel powered.

Small pedal-powered paddle boats are also found, typically as novelty attractions.
Diocese of Basel
The Diocese of Basel (German: Bistum Basel; Latin: Diœcesis Basileensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese in Switzerland.

Historically, the bishops of Basel were also secular rulers of the Prince-Bishopric of Basel (German: Fürstbistum Basel). Today the diocese of Basel includes the Swiss cantons of Aargau, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Jura, Lucerne, Schaffhausen, Solothurn, Thurgau, and Zug.

Canton of Zug
The canton of Zug or canton of Zoug (German: Kanton Zug, Standard German: [tsuːk] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [tsuːɡ̊]; Romansh: Chantun Zug; French: Canton de Zoug; Italian: Canton Zugo) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. It is located in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug. At 239 km2 (92 sq mi) the canton is one of the smallest of the Swiss cantons in terms of area. It is not subdivided into districts, but eleven municipalities.
Triazinane
Triazinanes are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Triazinanes have six-membered cyclohexane-like ring but with three carbon centers replaced by nitrogen.   The parent have the molecular formula (CH2)3(NH)3.  Three isomeric forms are possible, but only 1,3,5-triazinanes are common. 1,3,5-triazinane is a labile intermediate in the formation of hexamethylenetetramine from ammonia and formaldehyde.

Stable 1,3,5-Triorganotriazines are formed by condensation of primary amines and formaldehyde.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Voll-Damm
Voll-Damm Doble Malta is a lager and Märzen or Märzenbier-style beer manufactured by S.A. Damm, a brewery in Barcelona, Spain. This robust, full-bodied beer emulates a German-style "Vollbier" and contains 7.2% alcohol by volume. Its dark-green colored labels display writing in the Gothic script.

The name of this Pale Lager comes from the word “voll”, which means full or complete in German, referring to the intense body and flavour of a beer with an original wort extract of 17%.

Märzen
Märzen (German: [ˈmɛʁt͡sn̩] ⓘ) or Märzenbier (German: March beer) is a lager that originated in Bavaria, Germany. It has a medium to full body and may vary in colour from pale through amber to dark brown. It was the beer traditionally served at the Munich Oktoberfest. The geographical indication Oktoberfestbier is protected in the EU and can only be used for Märzen that is brewed in Munich.

In Germany, Oktoberfestbier may also be called Festbier or Wiesnbier.
Cold-energy battery
A cold-energy battery utilizes the properties of an advanced phase-change material (PCM) to maintain temperature as battery thermal management. As with a standard electrical battery, a cold energy battery stores energy and releases depending on the energy demand on it. It can then be recharged by placing in a temperature environment conducive to the phase change properties of the PCM.

In the context of a cold-energy battery, these materials are used to store "cold" energy, which can be particularly useful in cooling and refrigeration applications.

The energy released/absorbed by phase transition from solid to liquid, or vice versa, the heat of fusion is generally much higher than the sensible heat.  Ice, for example, requires 333.55 J/g to melt, but then the water will rise one degree further with the addition of just 4.18 J/g.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Adamsville, Texas
Adamsville is an unincorporated community in Lampasas County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 41 in 2000. It is located within the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood metropolitan area.

Killeen–Temple metropolitan area
Killeen–Temple is a metropolitan statistical area in Central Texas that covers three counties: Bell, Coryell, and part of Lampasas. As of the 2023 census estimates, the MSA had a population of 501,333.

Similar to how the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area of North Texas is often called the Metroplex, locals sometimes refer to this area as the Centroplex.
2022 Edge Istanbul
The 2022 Edge Istanbul was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey between 25 April and 1 May 2022.

Maja Chwalińska
Maja Chwalińska (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmaja xfaˈliɲska, -lij̃ska]; born 11 October 2001) is a Polish tennis player. She has a career-high ranking of world No. 121, achieved on 31 March 2025, and a best doubles ranking of No. 91, achieved on 9 June 2025. She won her first senior singles title at a ITF Circuit tournament in Bytom in July 2019, having already won four ITF doubles titles up to that point.
Khalid Albaih
Khalid Albaih or Khalid Wad Albaih (Arabic: خالد ود البيه; born 22 April 1980) is a Sudanese political cartoonist, civil rights activist and freelance journalist, who grew up as member of the Sudanese diaspora in Doha, Qatar. He has published his social and political caricatures and articles mainly in Arab and international online media, and his graphic art has also been publicly exhibited internationally.

Graphic arts
A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional graphics, i.e. produced on a flat surface, today normally paper or a screen on various electronic devices. The term usually refers to the arts that rely more on line, color or tone, especially drawing and the various forms of engraving; it is sometimes understood to refer specifically to drawing and the various printmaking processes, such as line engraving, aquatint, drypoint, etching, mezzotint, monotype, lithography, and screen printing (silk-screen, serigraphy). Graphic art mostly includes calligraphy, photography, painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery. It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs.

In museum parlance "works on paper" is a common term, covering the various types of traditional fine art graphic art. There is now a large sector of graphic designers working mostly on web design.
Yutengping railway station
Yutengping railway station (Chinese: 魚藤坪車站; pinyin: Yúténgpíng Chēzhàn) is a defunct railway station located in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. It was located on the Former Mountain line and was operated by Taiwan Railways Administration.

Between June 5–9, 2010, to promote tourism, the Former Mountain Line resumed service between Tai'an and Sanyi station after a twelve-year hiatus, using a steam locomotive numbered CK124. A station was chosen to be built here due to its proximity to the Longteng Bridge. However, due to the slope of the station being too steep, the station was removed in 2011.

Taiwan Railways Administration
Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) was a governmental agency in Taiwan which operated Taiwan Railway from 1948 to 2023. It managed, maintained, and operated conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation. The agency's headquarters was at Taipei Main Station in Zhongzheng District, Taipei at the time of dissolution, the site which became the headquarter of the new company.
King Salman Air Base (closed 2021)
King Salman Air Base, (IATA: XXN, ICAO: OERY) officially known as Riyadh International Airport before its conversion in 1983, was one of the first airports of Saudi Arabia located within Riyadh. It was the original airport serving the city before the construction of King Khalid International Airport, before converting into an air base. It was demolished between 2021-22 to make way for King Salman Park.

King Salman Park
King Salman Park (KSP; Arabic: حديقة الملك سلمان), one of Riyadh’s mega-projects, is an urban area being developed in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia under the supervision of the King Salman Park Foundation. It was unveiled in 2019 as part of the Green Riyadh initiative aimed at increasing the green space of Riyadh. It is being built on the grounds of former Riyadh Air Base with an area totaling more than 17.2 sq km. Upon completion, it is expected to be one of the largest urban parks in the world, with a planned area five times that of Hyde Park in London and four times that of Central Park in New York. The park is named after King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, who has ruled Saudi Arabia since 2015.

Construction contracts for King Salman Park were awarded in 2021.
NGC 6300
NGC 6300 is a barred Seyfert spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ara. It is classified as SB(rs)b in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by the Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on 30 June 1826. NGC 6300 is located at about 51 million light years away from Earth. It is suspected that a massive black hole (300,000 times the mass of Sun) may be at its center, pulling all the nearby objects into it. In turn, it emits large amounts of X-rays.

James Dunlop
James Dunlop FRSE (31 October 1793 – 22 September 1848) was a Scottish astronomer, noted for his work in Australia. He was employed by Sir Thomas Brisbane to work as astronomer's assistant at his private observatory, once located at Paramatta (now named Parramatta), New South Wales, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Sydney during the 1820s and 1830s. Dunlop was mostly a visual observer, doing stellar astrometry work for Brisbane, and after its completion, then independently discovered and catalogued many new telescopic southern double stars and deep-sky objects.  He later became the Superintendent of Paramatta Observatory when it was finally sold to the New South Wales Government.
Jean Landis
Jean Landis (September 28, 1918 – December 13, 2022) was an American aviator.

Landis was born in El Cajon, California, on September 28, 1918. She received her bachelor's degree in physical education from San Diego State University in 1940 and her master's degree from Wellesley College. Landis was involved with the Civilian Pilot Training Program. When World War II started, Landis was chosen for the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). In 2009, Landis and the other WASP pilots received the Congressional Gold Medal and were classified as veterans. Landis taught physical education at San Diego State University from 1968 until her retirement in 1979. Landis died in Santee, California, on December 13, 2022, at the age of 104.

Santee, California
Santee is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. The population was 60,037 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the East County region. The city is bisected by the San Diego River, a linear greenbelt that includes parks, trails and more than 1,100 acres (450 ha) of natural habitat.
1901 Cuban general election
General elections were held in Cuba on 31 December 1901. Tomás Estrada Palma won the presidential election, and Luis Estévez y Romero was elected vice president. The Cuban National Party emerged as the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 27 of the 63 seats. Voter turnout was 63.5%. Bartolomé Masó, the other presidential candidate, withdrew from the election citing irregularities, but still received 55,000 votes (null votes).

Bartolomé Masó
Bartolomé de Jesús Masó Márquez (21 December 1830 in Yara – 14 June 1907 in Manzanillo) was a Cuban politician and military patriot for Cuban independence from the colonial power of Spain, and later President of the República en Armas ("Republic in Arms").
Minuwangoda Electoral District
Minuwangoda electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between March 1960 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Minuwangoda in Gampaha District, Western Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Minuwangoda electoral district was replaced by the Gampaha multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections.

Minuwangoda
Minuwangoda (Sinhala: මිනුවන්ගොඩ, Tamil: மினுவந்கொட) is a town in Gampaha district, governed by an Urban Council and Pradheshia Saba, situated near Negombo, Western Province of Sri Lanka. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Negombo and 35 kilometres (22 mi) north east of Colombo. It is an important junction town, connecting the Negombo to Kandy road (via Veyangoda and Nittambuwa) with the A1/A6 main road from Colombo to Kurunegala. The main bus route 5 from Colombo to Kurunegala passes through the town. The town is also situated near the Bandaranaike International Airport, on the way to Negombo.
Hurok of the Stone Age
Hurok of the Stone Age is a science fiction novel by American writer Lin Carter, the third in his series about the fictional "Hollow Earth" land of Zanthodon. It was first published in paperback by DAW Books in February 1981, with an ebook edition following from Gateway/Orion in October 2018. It was also gathered together with the other volumes in the series into the omnibus ebook collection The Zanthodon Megapack (Wildside Press, 2014).

Hollow Earth
The Hollow Earth is a concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space. Notably suggested in the late 17th century by Edmond Halley, the notion was later disproven, first tentatively by Pierre Bouguer in 1740, then definitively by Charles Hutton in his Schiehallion experiment around 1774.

It was still occasionally defended through the mid-19th century, notably by John Cleves Symmes Jr. and J. N. Reynolds, but by this time it was part of popular pseudoscience and no longer a scientifically viable hypothesis.

The concept of a hollow Earth still recurs in folklore and as a premise for subterranean fiction, a subgenre of adventure fiction. Hollow Earth also recurs in conspiracy theories and the cryptoterrestrial hypothesis and is often said to be inhabited by mythological figures or political leaders.