hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maryland highway system
The Maryland highway system is a network of highways owned and maintained by the U.S. state of Maryland.  In addition to the nationally numbered Interstate Highways and U.S. Highways, the highway system consists of a network of Maryland state-numbered highways.  All three types of highways together provide access to all incorporated and unincorporated areas in all 23 counties of Maryland as well as the independent city of Baltimore.

Independent city (United States)
In the United States, an independent city is a city that is not in the territory of any county or counties and is considered a primary administrative division of its state. Independent cities are classified by the United States Census Bureau as "county equivalents" and may also have similar governmental powers to a consolidated city-county or a unitary authority. However, in the case of a consolidated city-county, a city and a county were merged into a unified jurisdiction in which the county at least nominally exists to this day, whereas an independent city was legally separated from any county or merged with a county that simultaneously ceased to exist even in name.

Of the 41 independent U.S. cities, 38 are in Virginia, whose state constitution makes them a special case. The three independent cities outside Virginia are Baltimore, Maryland; St. Louis, Missouri; and Carson City, Nevada. Baltimore is the most populous independent city in the United States.
Stara
Stara [ˈstara] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south-west of Aleksandrów, 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Bill Howe
William F. Howe (May 27, 1922 – June 26, 2007) was a baseball player at Yale University, most notable for earning First-Team All-American honors and playing in the inaugural 1947 College World Series alongside teammate George H. W. Bush and against the University of California's Jackie Jensen.

The son of Brigadier General William Francis Howe, Bill Howe attended Phillips Andover Academy before going on to serve as a first Lieutenant as a bombardier with the 15th Air Force in World War II. For his service, Howe was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

Howe went on to attend Yale University, where he played baseball and ice hockey. Howe would remain involved in sports throughout his life, winning the Rhode Island State Squash championship several times and owning a sporting goods store in Providence, Rhode Island.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
Phanuromyia odo
Phanuromyia odo is a species of wasp, found in the tropical regions of North, South, and Central America. The wasp is known to have inconsistent physical features, which is why the scientists who discovered this species named it after the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine character Odo, who was popularly known to have shape-shifting abilities.

Odo (Star Trek)
Odo /ˈoʊdoʊ/, played by René Auberjonois, is a fictional character in the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. He is a member of a shape-shifting species called Changelings and serves as the head of security for the space station Deep Space Nine on which the show is set. Intelligent, observant, and taciturn, Odo uses his unique abilities throughout the show to maintain security on the DS9 station and later aids the Bajoran people and the Federation throughout the Dominion War against his own people, the Founders.
Kwun Tong FA
Kwun Tong Football Association (Chinese: 觀塘區足球會) is a Hong Kong football club which currently competes in the Hong Kong First Division, after finishing 3rd and achieving promotion from the Hong Kong Second Division in the 2024–25 season.

The club plays the majority of its home matches at Po Kong Village Road Park.

Hong Kong First Division League
The Hong Kong First Division League (Chinese: 香港甲組聯賽) is the second-highest division in the Hong Kong football league system. Established in 1908, it is the third oldest in Asia, after Calcutta and Bombay. Moreover, it is the oldest top-flight league system in Asia. The league was formerly the highest division in Hong Kong until the formation of the Hong Kong Premier League in 2014.

Since 1908, a total of 29 clubs have been crowned champions of the Hong Kong football system. South China are the most successful club, having won 41 times since their first participation in 1941.
Ian Marsden
Ian James Marsden (born 25 January 1972 in Stafford) is a British paracanoeist, hand cyclist and former champion powerlifter. He won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in the Men's KL1 200m.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Justin Snith
Justin Snith (born December 8, 1991, in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadian luger who has competed since 2008. He has three World Cup doubles podium finishes.

Snith qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics with Tristan Walker, where they finished 15th. Snith also qualified for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. He competed in both the doubles race and the team relay (which made its Olympic debut in 2014). He and his teammate Tristan Walker missed the podium in the doubles event by just five-hundredths (0.05) of a second, achieving the best-ever Olympic result by a Canadian sled in the event. They joined Alex Gough and Samuel Edney and had another fourth-place finish in the mixed team relay. The team won silver at the 2013 World Championships, following bronze in 2012.

Snith,  Gough, Edney and Walker again won silver in the mixed team relay at the 2018 Winter Olympics, at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea.

FIL World Luge Championships 2012
The FIL World Luge Championships 2012 was held on February 10–12, 2012, under the auspices of the International Luge Federation at the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in Altenberg, Germany for the second time after having hosted the World championships in 1996. The facility was chosen at the 56th FIL Congress in Calgary, Alberta, Canada on June 28, 2008
Novoshipunovo
Novoshipunovo (Russian: Новошипуново) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Novoshipunovsky Selsoviet, Krasnoshchyokovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 1,177 as of 2016. There are 13 streets.

Krasnoshchyokovsky District
Krasnoshchyokovsky District (Russian: Краснощёковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai. The area of the district is 3,543 square kilometers (1,368 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Krasnoshchyokovo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,251, with the population of Krasnoshchyokovo accounting for 26.4% of that number.
2025–26 Four Hills Tournament
The 2025–26 Four Hills Tournament took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck, and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 29 December 2025 and 6 January 2026.

The tournament was won by Domen Prevc of Slovenia. As Peter Prevc had won the 2015–16 edition, Domen and Peter became the first brothers in history with overall wins in this competition.

Bischofshofen
Bischofshofen (German pronunciation: [bɪʃɔfsˈhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of St. Johann im Pongau in the Austrian federal state of Salzburg. It is an important traffic junction located both on the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway line and at the Tauern Autobahn, a major highway route crossing the main chain of the Alps.
Huimin bao
Huimin bao (Dungan: Хуэймин бо; Chinese: 回民报) is a socio-political newspaper published in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Named after the Hui people, it is the world's only Dungan language newspaper.

In 2014 the Kyrgyz Hui Muslim Association and the China News Agency Xinjiang Branch cooperated to increase the Chinese version of Huimin bao. In the same year, the Chinese decided to rename the newspaper as Zhongya Huimin bao (Central Asian Hui Newspaper; 中亚回民报, Җун-я Хуэймин бо) due to the fact that Dungan people (partly of Hui ancestry) are spread throughout Central Asia.

Newspapers are circulated once a month to 3,000 copies. In the 1970s, Huimin bao published 4,400 copies twice a week.

Dungan people
Dungan is a term used in territories of the former Soviet Union to refer to a group of Muslims of Hui origin. Turkic-speaking peoples in Xinjiang also sometimes refer to Hui Muslims as Dungans. The Dungans in Central Asia, however, refer themselves by their endonym Hui (Dungan: Хуэй).

In the censuses of the countries of the former Soviet Union, the Dungans (enumerated separately from Chinese) are found in Kazakhstan (36,900 according to the 1999 census), Kyrgyzstan (58,409 according to the 2009 census) and Russia (801 according to the 2002 census).
Perrona perron
Perrona perron is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.

Johann Hieronymus Chemnitz (1730–1800) adopted a Dutch name " the perron," for this species, and Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814–1865) erroneously supposing it to be in honor of a naturalist, changed its form from Clavatula perron to Clavatula perronii.

Clavatulidae
Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiated morphologically.

Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It is no longer regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev). This family has no subfamilies.
Buckley's Chance
Buckley's Chance is a 2021 family adventure film directed by Tim Brown and starring Bill Nighy, Milan Burch and Victoria Hill. The plot concerns a 14-year-old boy relocating with his mother to his grandfather's farm in Western Australia following his father's death, and who goes missing as a result of foul play. It is an international co-production between Australia and Canada.

The film was released in 2021 to mixed reviews from the critics.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Kauste
Kauste is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

The village was first mentioned in 1565 (Kowstha). Historically, the village was part of Kõrgessaare Manor (German: Hohenholm).

From 1977 to 1997, Kauste was part of the village of Malvaste. Before 2013, it was located in Kõrgessaare Parish.

Hiiumaa Parish
Hiiumaa Parish (Estonian: Hiiumaa vald) is a rural municipality of Estonia on the island of Hiiumaa. Hiiumaa Parish was established by merging Emmaste Parish, Hiiu Parish, Käina Parish and Pühalepa Parish after the municipal elections held on 15 October 2017. Kärdla is the administrative center of the municipality. The current mayor (vallavanem) is Hergo Tasuja. The municipalities of Emmaste and Pühalepa contested their forced merger with Hiiu and Käina to form the new Hiiumaa municipality, which includes the whole island and what is Hiiu County.
Anne-Marie Schaffner
Anne-Marie Schaffner (born 31 May 1945) is a former French politician and member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1999 and again from 2002 to 2004. She was also National Secretary of Rally for the Republic from 1995 to 1997.

She was first elected in 1994 for Rally for the Republic (RPR), being 15th on the joint RPR-UDF list.

In the Parliament, she was a member of the committees on Petitions, Legal Affairs, and Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs. She notably prepared the Civil Liberties Committee report on the progress of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in 1998.

In the 2004 election, she was placed sixth on the UMP list in the Île-de-France constituency; she said this made it "impossible" for her to be re-elected.

European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs
The Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) is a committee of the European Parliament that is responsible for protecting civil liberties and human rights, as listed in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
Preda
Preda is a small village within the Swiss municipality of Bergün Filisur (until the end of 2017 Bergün/Bravuogn), district of Albula, Canton Graubünden (Grisons), in the East of Switzerland.

The name Preda, like Prada, derives from the Latin pratum = meadow.

Preda is located in the upper valley of the Albula Alps. It lies on the road over the Albula Pass at 1789 metres above sea level (a.s.l.) and at the north portal of the Albula Tunnel of the Rhaetian Railway. To reach Preda, while avoiding too steep ramps, the Rhaetian Railway needs passing several valleys over impressive viaducts and cross-cutting the mountain in several spiralling tunnels (Kehrtunnel in German). This allows the railway to overcome a difference in altitude of 416 metres from Bergün to Preda. The line runs from Chur or Davos to St. Moritz and ends at the route of the Glacier Express.

Viaduct
A viaduct is a bridge that consists of a series of arches, piers or columns supporting a long elevated railway or road. Typically a viaduct connects two points of roughly equal elevation, allowing direct overpass across a wide valley, road, river, or other low-lying terrain features and obstacles. The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via meaning "road", and ducere meaning "to lead". It is a 19th-century derivation from an analogy with ancient Roman aqueducts. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length.
Nikolaj Koch-Hansen
Nikolaj Koch-Hansen (born 11 March 1986) is a Danish former handball player. He was known to be able to play all three back positions. He has previous played for Danish Handball League sides FCK Håndbold, Ajax Heroes, Team Sydhavsøerne, Swedish club HK Malmö, and French club US Creteil.

He initially retired in 2019 while playing for Team Sydhavsøerne, but 18 months later he returned to handball to join TMS Ringsted for one additional season as they had multiple injuries.

He is the younger brother of fellow Handball player Sebastian Koch-Hansen.

TMS Ringsted
TMS Ringsted is a handball club from Ringsted, Denmark. Currently, TMS Ringsted competes in the men's Danish Handball League, whereas the women's team competes in the 1st Division. The home arena of the club is Ringsted-Hallen.
Holth
Holth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Åsta Holth (1904–1999), Norwegian novelist, poet and short story writer

Camilla Holth (born 1978), Norwegian curler

Halfdan Holth (1880–1950), Norwegian veterinarian

Marie Spångberg Holth (1865–1942), Norwegian physician

Sverre Holth (1902–1993), Norwegian missionary in China

Thorleif Holth (1931–2014), Norwegian politician

Even Holth (2000-), Norwegian Musician

Åsta Holth
Åsta Holth (13 February 1904 – 16 March 1999) was a Norwegian novelist, poet and short story writer. She made her literary debut in 1944 with the short story collection Gamle bygdevegen. In 1946, she published the poetry collection Porkkalafela. She was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1977.
Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance
Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance (OCRA) is a 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization fighting ovarian cancer and gynecologic cancers while supporting patients and families. The organization focuses on research, advocacy and patient support. Since its founding in 1994, OCRA has invested $137 million in scientific breakthroughs, helped to secure $3.8 billion in federal research funding, and supported 95,000 individuals annually through its programs.
In 2023, OCRA broadened its mission and programs to cover gynecologic cancers related to ovarian cancer, such as uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer.

Vaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is an extraordinarily rare form of cancer that develops in the tissue of the vagina. Primary vaginal cancer originates from the vaginal tissue – most frequently squamous cell carcinoma, but primary vaginal adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma have also been reported – while secondary vaginal cancer involves the metastasis of a cancer that originated in a different part of the body. Secondary vaginal cancer is more common. Signs of vaginal cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, dysuria, tenesmus, or pelvic pain, though as many as 20% of women diagnosed with vaginal cancer are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Vaginal cancer occurs more frequently in women over age 50, and the mean age of diagnosis of vaginal cancer is 60 years. It often can be cured if found and treated in early stages. Surgery alone or surgery combined with pelvic radiation is typically used to treat vaginal cancer.
Jach'a Uma Chuwani
Jach'a Uma Chuwani (Aymara jach'a big, uma water, chuwa little bowl, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a big water bowl", also spelled Jacha Uma Chuani) is a  4,351-metre-high (14,275 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, at the border of the Guaqui Municipality and the Jesús de Machaca Municipality.

Jesús de Machaca Municipality
Jesús de Machaca Municipality is the sixth municipal section of the Ingavi Province in the  La Paz Department in Bolivia. It was created by Law No. 2351 on May 7, 2002, during the presidency of Jorge Quiroga Ramírez.  Its seat is Jesús de Machaca.
Alicho Werero
Alicho Werero is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. This woreda is named after the sub-groups of the Silt'e people. Part of the Silt'e Zone, Alicho Werero is bordered on the south by Wulbareg, on the southwest by Misraq Azernet Berbere, on the west and north by the Gurage Zone, and on the east by Silte. It was part of Gumer woreda.

Gurage Zone
Gurage is a zone in the Central Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. The region is home to the Gurage people. Gurage is bordered on the southeast by Hadiya and Yem Zone, on the northwest by Kebena Special Woreda, north and east by the Oromia Region, and on the southeast by Siltʼe. Its highest point is Mount Gurage. Wolkite is the largest city and administrative centre of the zone.
Foxconn Industrial Internet
Foxconn Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. (Fii; Chinese: 富士康工业互联网; pinyin: Fùshìkāng Gōngyè Hùliánwǎng) is a publicly listed company that engages in the manufacture and sale of electrical equipment that includes telecommunications equipment, cloud computing equipment, precision tools and industrial robots.

It is a subsidiary of Foxconn and is headquartered in Shenzhen.

Industrial robot
An industrial robot is a robot used for manufacturing. Industrial robots are automated, programmable and capable of movement on three or more axes.

Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, disassembly, pick and place for printed circuit boards, packaging and labeling, palletizing, product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision. They can assist in material handling.

In the year 2024, an estimated 4,663,698 industrial robots were in operation worldwide according to the International Federation of Robotics (IFR).
Sugbuak
Sugbuak (portmanteau of Sugbu and buak) refers to the failed proposal to divide the island province of Cebu in the Philippines into four separate provinces in 2007. The issue, which had emerged before the 2007 general election, was a polarizing issue in provincial politics, pitting the anti-partition camp of Cebu Governor Gwendolyn Garcia, Cebu City Mayor Tomas Osmeña and Cebu City Representative Antonio Cuenco, against that of Sugbuak proponents Representatives Antonio Yapha Jr., Clavel Asas-Martinez, and Simeon Kintanar—all of whom were last-term congressmen at the time.

Tomas Osmeña
Tomas "Tommy" de la Rama Osmeña (Tagalog: [toˈmɐs ʔɔsˈmɛɲa]; born July 26, 1948) is a Filipino politician serving as the 21st Vice Mayor of Cebu City since 2025. He previously served as Cebu City's 24th mayor thrice: 1987 to 1995, 2001 to 2010, and 2016 to 2019. He also served as Congressman representing the 2nd district of Cebu City from 2010 to 2013. He is a grandson of former Philippine president Sergio Osmeña.

He is also considered as the founder of Bando Osmeña – Pundok Kauswagan, a local political group run by the Osmeña family of Cebu.
Xoán
Xoán is Galician for John.

Notable people with the name include:

Xoán Paredes (born in 1975), Galician geographer

Xoán de Novoa (João da Nova), Spanish explorer, 1460–1509

Xoán Gato (born 1946), Spanish politician

João da Nova
João da Nova (Galician: Xoán de Novoa, Joam de Nôvoa; Spanish: Juan de Nova; Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w dɐ ˈnɔvɐ]; c. 1460 in Maceda, Ourense, Galicia, Spain – July 16, 1509, in Kochi, India) was a Galician-born explorer in the service of Portugal. He is credited as the discoverer of Ascension and Saint Helena islands.

The Juan de Nova Island, in the Mozambique Channel, is named after him. The Farquhar atoll (in the Seychelles) was, for a long time, known as the João da Nova islands. It is sometimes thought that the Agaléga islands (in the Indian Ocean) were also named after him (although it is almost certain he never visited them).