hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homer Jacobson
Homer Jacobson is a former chemistry professor at Brooklyn College, New York City.

In the 1950s he illustrated basic self-replication in artificial life with a model train set. A seed "organism" consisting of a "head" and "tail" boxcar could use the simple rules of the system to consistently create new "organisms" identical to itself, so long as there was a random pool of new boxcars to draw from.

In 1955 he published "Information, Reproduction and the Origin of Life," in American Scientist.  In 2007, he retracted two passages of this work after realizing that errors in his paper were being misread as evidence for creationism.

Artificial life
Artificial Life, also referred to as ALife or A-Life, is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986. In 1987, Langton organized the first conference on the field, in Los Alamos, New Mexico. There are three main kinds of artificial life, named for their approaches: soft, from software; hard, from hardware; and wet, from biochemistry. Artificial life researchers study traditional biology by trying to replicate aspects of biological phenomena.
Greenwoodochromis
Greenwoodochromis is a small genus of cichlid fish that are endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa. It is the only genus in the monotypic tribe Greenwoodochromini, however, some authorities have synonymised the Greenwoodochromini with the tribe Limnochromini.

The generic name is a compound noun, made up of the surname Greenwood, in honour of the British ichthyologist Peter Humphry Greenwood (1927-1995), and the Greek word chromis which was used by Aristotle for a type of fish. This was probably the drum Sciaenidae and may be derived from the word chroemo which means "to neigh" in reference to the noise made by drums. This word was applied to a number of percomorph fishes, such as damselfish, cardinalfish, dottybacks, wrasses and cichilds, by ichthyologists as these were thought to be closely related.

Damselfish
Damselfish are fish within the subfamilies Abudefdufinae, Chrominae, Lepidozyginae, Pomacentrinae, and Stegastinae within the family Pomacentridae.

Most species within this group are relatively small, although the four largest species (Hypsypops rubicundus, Microspathodon bairdii, M. dorsalis and Nexilosus latifrons) can reach 30cm (12 in) in length. Most damselfish species exist only in marine environments, but a few inhabit brackish or fresh water. These fish are found globally in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters.
Gray Mountain (Grisham novel)
Gray Mountain is a legal thriller novel by John Grisham, published in hardcover on October 23, 2014. The book is set in Appalachia after the Great Recession and follows third-year associate Samantha Kofer after the Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, when she becomes a legal clinic intern in Virginia's coal mining country.

Legal clinic
A legal clinic (also law clinic or law-school clinic) is a legal aid or law-school program providing services to various clients and often hands-on legal experience to law students. Clinics are usually directed by clinical professors. Legal clinics typically conduct pro bono work, providing free legal services to clients.

Legal clinics originated as a method of practical teaching of law students, but today they also encompass free legal aid with no academic links. Some practice-based law clinics with no academic link provide hands-on skills to lawyers, judges, and non-lawyers on practical dimensions of the law while offering legal services to clients.
Léon Gérin
Léon Gérin (French pronunciation: [le.ɔ̃.ʒe.ʁɛ̃]; May 17, 1863 – January 15, 1951) was a Canadian lawyer, civil servant, and sociologist.

Born in Quebec City, Canada East, the son of Antoine Gérin-Lajoie, Gérin studied at the Séminaire de Nicolet before receiving a law degree from Université Laval in 1884. In 1886, he went to Paris for a few months and became interested in sociology. Returning to Canada, he settled in Ottawa and worked for the federal government and the House of Commons of Canada.

He wrote works on a variety of subjects including the history of French colonization of the Americas and rural society in French Canada in the 19th century.

A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, he served as its president from 1933 to 1934 and was awarded the Lorne Pierce Medal in 1941. The Government of Quebec's Prix Léon-Gérin is named in his honour.

Université Laval
Université Laval is a public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The university traces its roots to the Séminaire de Québec, founded by François de Montmorency-Laval in 1663, making it the oldest institution of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, which was founded in Old Québec, moved to a new campus in the 1950s in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge. It is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in research funding and holds four Canada Excellence Research Chairs.
Endi E. Poskovic
Endi Poskovic (born as Elvedin Pošković on January 29, 1969) is an American visual artist, printmaker and educator.

His early graphic work merges visual representation with text, often shifting the reading of the imagery through continuous representation and re-contextualization. Poskovic's woodcut prints invoke influences as disparate as early cinema, classic Japanese woodblock prints, devotional pictures, and Eastern European Propaganda poster. The amalgam of diverse scenarios and visual narratives in Poskovic's work imply accounts from personal and social histories and reference themes of cultural and environmental shifts, migration and alienation that are at once magnificent and tragic.

Woodblock printing in Japan
Woodblock printing in Japan (木版画, mokuhanga) is a technique best known for its use in the ukiyo-e artistic genre, but it was also used for printing books in the same period. Invented in China during the Tang dynasty, woodblock printing was widely adopted in Japan during the Edo period (1603–1868). It is similar to woodcut in Western printmaking in some regards, but was widely used for text as well as images. The Japanese mokuhanga technique differs in that it uses water-based inks—as opposed to Western woodcut, which typically uses oil-based inks. Japanese water-based inks provide a wide range of vivid colors, glazes, and transparency.
Wojcieszyce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wojcieszyce (Polish pronunciation: [vɔjt͡ɕɛˈʂɨt͡sɛ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łoniów, within Sandomierz County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Łoniów, 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Sandomierz, and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
940th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
The 940th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (940th IBAP/APIB since 1976) was an aviation regiment of the Soviet Air Force. It was formed in 1942 in the Soviet Far East and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. During the last months of the Korean War, the regiment was relocated to China, but did not fight in combat due to the end of the war. After the end of the latter it was transferred to Belarus, where it served for the remainder of the Cold War, being converted into a fighter-bomber regiment in 1960.

Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (Russian: Военно-Воздушные Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, romanized: Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily Soyuza Sovetskih Sotsialisticheskih Respublik, lit. 'Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'; abbr. VVS SSSR; sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force") was one of  two air forces belonging to the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II. The groups were also involved in the Korean War, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991–92. Former Soviet Air Forces' assets were subsequently divided into several air forces of former Soviet republics, including the new Russian Air Force. The "March of the Pilots" was its marching song.
The Saint (film series)
The Saint (film series) refers to eight B movies made by RKO Radio Pictures between 1938 and 1941, based on some of the books in British author Leslie Charteris' long-running series about the fictional character Simon Templar, better known as The Saint.

Hugh Sinclair (actor)
Hugh Sinclair (19 May 1903 – 29 December 1962) was a British actor. He trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and had a career spanning forty years in theatre, film and television.  He worked in Britain and America with some of the 20th Century's most highly regarded actors and directors, including Ray Milland, Elisabeth Bergner, George Cukor and Carol Reed. His principal work was made in the theatre and he headed the cast of two landmark plays in London, Noël Coward's Private Lives in 1945 and the original London production of TS Eliot's The Cocktail Party in 1950. However notable films include Escape Me Never, A Girl Must Live, The Rocking Horse Winner and Circle of Danger. He excelled in light comedy and was known for his comic timing, often playing handsome, debonair characters.
Pratków
Pratków [ˈpratkuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduńska Wola, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Zduńska Wola and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Zduńska Wola
Zduńska Wola [ˈzduɲska ˈvɔla] ⓘ is a city in central Poland with 40,730 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of Zduńska Wola County in the Łódź Voivodeship. The city was once one of the largest cloth, linen and cotton weaving centres in Poland and is the birthplace of Saint Maximilian Kolbe as well as Maksymilian Faktorowicz, the founder of Max Factor cosmetics company.
Vibia gens
The gens Vibia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Although individuals named Vibius appear in history during the time of the Second Punic War, no members of this gens are found at Rome until the final century of the Republic.  The first of the Vibii to obtain the consulship was Gaius Vibius Pansa in 43 BC, and from then until imperial times the Vibii regularly filled the highest offices of the Roman state.  The emperors Trebonianus Gallus and Volusianus each claimed descent from the family.

Equites
The equites (/ˈɛkwɪtiːz/; lit. 'horse'  or 'cavalrymen', though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property/social-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class. A member of the equestrian order was known as an eques (Latin: [ˈɛ.kʷɛs]).
Kentucky's 18th Senate district
Kentucky's 18th Senatorial district is one of 38 districts in the Kentucky Senate. Located in the eastern part of the state, it comprises the counties of Boyd, Carter, Greenup, and Lewis. It has been represented by Robin L. Webb (R–Grayson) since 2009. As of 2023, the district had a population of 123,225.

Greenup County, Kentucky
Greenup County is a county located along the Ohio River in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,962. The county was founded in 1803 and named in honor of Christopher Greenup. Its county seat is Greenup.
Greenup County is part of the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Frank Douglass
Francis Wingfield Douglass (15 July 1875 – 20 September 1972) was a South African international rugby union player. Born in Grahamstown, he attended St. Andrew's College before playing provincial rugby for Eastern Province. He made his only Test appearance for South Africa during Great Britain's 1896 tour. He played as a forward in the 1st Test of the series, an 8–0 South Africa loss. Douglass died in 1972 at the age of 97.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Captain Thunder (film)
Captain Thunder is a 1930 American pre-Code historical drama Western film that was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and released in late 1930. The film was directed by Alan Crosland and stars Victor Varconi in his first full-length all-talking feature. The script is based on the story The Gay Caballero by Pierre Couderc and Hal Davitt.

A copy is preserved at the Library of Congress.

Pierre Couderc
Pierre Couderc (18 November 1896 – 6 October 1966) was a French screenwriter, actor, acrobat, and film producer. He wrote for 34 films between 1925 and 1930. He also appeared in ten films between 1914 and 1934. He was born in Paris, France and died in Santa Monica, California.
James Tizzard
James George Tizzard (born 12 November 1982) is a former English county cricketer. Tizzard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.

Tizzard made a single List-A appearance for Dorset in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2001 against Scotland. Tizzard was out caught off the bowling of Damien Wright in his only List-A innings.  Tizzard also made a single Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire in 2001.  He is now located in Dubai working in the Oil and Gas market sector.  He currently plays league cricket for the Infidels Cricket Club in the Last Man Stands Cricket League.

Wiltshire County Cricket Club
Wiltshire County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. Founded in 1893, it represents the historic county of Wiltshire.

The team is a member of the Minor Counties Championship Western Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Wiltshire played List A matches occasionally from 1964 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.

The club is a member of Wiltshire Cricket Limited, the governing body for cricket in the county.
Avalon at Foxhall
Avalon at Foxhall is a high-rise building located in Washington, D.C., United States. Its construction was completed in 1982. The building rises to 54 metres (177 ft), containing 14 floors.  The building is tied for the seventh-tallest commercial building in Washington, D.C., and tied for the tenth-highest building in Washington, D.C. among all buildings.

The property is owned by AvalonBay Communities, a developer that focuses on rental properties for tenants in their 20s, and is located in a wooded area adjacent to Glover-Archbold Park and near the American University campus. It was originally designed as a condominium but never operated as such. The "Avalon at Foxhall" name was added around 2003, prior to which time the building was known simply by its street address.

AvalonBay Communities
AvalonBay Communities, Inc. is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that invests in apartments.

As of January 31, 2021, the company owned 79,856 apartment units in New England, the New York City metropolitan area, the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, Seattle and California. It is the 3rd largest owner of apartments in the United States.
Alexandros Yenovelis
Alexandros Yenovelis (born 26 February 1968) is a retired Greek sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.

He competed in relay at the 1996 Olympic Games and the World Championships in 1993, 1995 and 1997, and in the individual distance at the 1993 and 1995 World Indoor Championships, without reaching the final.

His personal best time was 10.15 seconds, achieved in May 1996 in Rethimno. This ranks him fourth among Greek 100 metres sprinters, behind Angelos Pavlakakis, Aristotelis Gavelas and Christoforos Choidis.

1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 4th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics were held at the Skydome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from March 12 to March 14, 1993. It was the last Indoor Championships to feature the 5,000 and 3,000 metres race walk events. In addition, it was the first Indoor Championships to include heptathlon and pentathlon, albeit as non-championship events. There were a total number of 537 athletes participated from 93 countries.
Reforma AC
Reforma Athletic Club is a Mexican sports club based in Mexico City. The club is mostly known for its football team that played in the Liga Mexicana de Football Amateur Association from 1902 to 1915, prior to the creation of the first professional league (Liga Mayor). The team currently plays in an amateur league in Mexico City.

Apart from football, Reforma hosts a large number of activities, including aerobics, ballet, basketball, boxing, dance, karate, racquetball, swimming, tennis, water aerobics, yoga and zumba. It is a home ground of the Mexican national cricket team, and has been the host of several international fixtures.

Racquetball
Racquetball is a racquet sport and a team sport played with a hollow rubber ball on an indoor or outdoor court. Joseph Sobek invented the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control. Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and, unlike squash, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds. Racquetball is played between various players on a team who try to bounce the ball with the racquet onto the ground so it hits the wall, so that an opposing team's player cannot bounce it back to the wall.

The sport is similar to 40×20 American handball, which is played in many countries. It is also similar to the British sport Squash 57, which was called racketball before 2016.
Megan Smallhouse
Megan Smallhouse (born January 16, 2001) is an American freestyle skier who competes internationally.

She competed in the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2021, where she placed seventh in women's aerials.

FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2021
The 2021 FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships were held in Idre, Rogla, Almaty and Aspen with the ski and snowboard cross events held in Idre from 11 to 13 February 2021, the parallel and giant slalom snowboard in Rogla from 1 to 2 March 2021, moguls and aerials held in Almaty from 8 to 11 March 2021, slopestyle, halfpipe and big air events of both Snowboard and Freeski in Aspen from 10 to 16 March 2021. Calgary was selected as a replacement for China to host the halfpipe, big air and slopestyle events, but on 20 January 2021, they pulled out.
Al Hunt (American football)
Alfred "Ace" Hunt was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at East Los Angeles College Junior College—now known as East Los Angeles College—from 1946 to 1950 and Los Angeles Valley College from 1952 to 1961.

Hunt attended Van Nuys High School and played college football at Occidental College in Los Angeles. He was the football coach at San Fernando High School in Los Angeles in 1945. He was hired as the backfield coach for the football team at Los Angeles Valley in 1951.

East Los Angeles College
East Los Angeles College (ELAC) is a public community college in Monterey Park, California, a suburb of Los Angeles. It is part of the California Community Colleges System and the Los Angeles Community College District. With fourteen communities comprising its primary service area and an enrollment of 35,403 students, ELAC had the largest student body campus by enrollment in the state of California as of 2018. It was situated in northeastern East Los Angeles before that part of unincorporated East Los Angeles was annexed by Monterey Park in the early 1970s. ELAC offers associate degrees and certificates.
Mazda Shinari
The Mazda Shinari is a concept car produced by the Japanese car manufacturer Mazda, presented at the LA Auto Show in 2010.

It comes in the form of a four-door coupé and its name which indicates the momentum or the start of the movement for a person or an animal, thus its slender design, resulting from a collaboration between Japanese, American and European offices is signed by Yong Wook Cho, it was the first concept car to adopt the "Kodo" style "the soul of the movement" from Mazda.

The presence of many elements of standard cars such as seat belts or the position of left hand drive led to speculation about the marketing of a model standard for America and Europe such as a new Mazda6.

Mazda
Mazda Motor Corporation (マツダ株式会社, Matsuda Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima, Japan. The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd., a cork-making factory, by Jujiro Matsuda. The company then acquired Abemaki Tree Cork Company. It changed its name to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927 and started producing vehicles in 1931.

Mazda is known for its innovative technologies, such as the Wankel engine, the SkyActiv platform, and the Kodo Design language. It also has a long history of motorsport involvement, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991 with the rotary-powered Mazda 787B. In the past and present, Mazda has been engaged in alliances with other automakers. From 1974 until the late 2000s, Ford was a major shareholder of Mazda. Other partnerships include Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu, Suzuki and Kia. In 2023, it produced 1.1 million vehicles globally.
Mike Clark (athletic director)
Mike Clark is an American college football coach and athletic director. He is the head football coach and athletic director for Lycoming College, holding the position of head football coach since 2008 and athletic director since 2012.

Lycoming College
Lycoming College is a private liberal arts college in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1812, Lycoming College is affiliated with the United Methodist Church but operates as an independent institution. Through its history, it has been an academy, seminary, junior college, and four-year college.