hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Crosley
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Crosley in honor of Walter S. Crosley.

USS Crosley (DE-108), was a destroyer escort commissioned in 1944

USS Crosley (APD-87), was a high speed transport commissioned in 1944

High-speed transport
High-speed transports were converted destroyers  and destroyer escorts used in US Navy amphibious operations in World War II and afterward. They received the US Hull classification symbol APD; "AP" for transport and "D" for destroyer. In 1969, the remaining ships were reclassified as "Fast Amphibious Transports", hull symbol LPR.

APDs were intended to deliver small units such as Marine Raiders, Underwater Demolition Teams, and United States Army Rangers onto hostile shores. An APD could carry up to 200 troops - a company-size unit - and approximately 40 tons of cargo. It could also provide gunfire support if needed. USS Manley was officially designated the Navy's first high-speed transport on 2 August 1940 when she became APD-1.
1801–1802 Massachusetts legislature
The 22nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1801 and 1802 during the governorship of Caleb Strong. David Cobb served as president of the Senate and Edward Robbins served as speaker of the House.

President of the Massachusetts Senate
The president of the Massachusetts Senate is the presiding officer.  Unlike the United States Congress, in which the vice president of the United States is the ex officio president of the United States Senate, in Massachusetts, the president of the Senate is elected from and by the senators. The president, therefore, typically comes from the majority party, and the president is then the de facto leader of that party.

The current president of the Massachusetts Senate, since July 26, 2018, is Karen Spilka, a Democrat from Ashland. Democrats have had a majority in the Senate since 1959. Notable former presidents of the Massachusetts Senate include U.S. president Calvin Coolidge.
Extender (set theory)
In set theory, an extender is a system of ultrafilters which represents an elementary embedding witnessing large cardinal properties. A nonprincipal ultrafilter is the most basic case of an extender.

A -extender can be defined as an elementary embedding of some model  of ZFC− (ZFC minus the power set axiom) having critical point , and which maps  to an ordinal at least equal to . It can also be defined as a collection of ultrafilters, one for each -tuple drawn from .

Axiom of power set
In mathematics, the axiom of power set is one of the Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms of axiomatic set theory. It guarantees for every set  the existence of a set , the power set of , consisting precisely of the subsets of . By the axiom of extensionality, the set  is unique.

The axiom of power set appears in most axiomatizations of set theory. It is generally considered uncontroversial, although constructive set theory prefers a weaker version to resolve concerns about predicativity.
2021–22 Ardal SW
The 2021–22 Ardal SW season (also known as the 2021–22 Floodlighting and Electrical Services Ardal SW season for sponsorship reasons) was the first season of the new third-tier northern region football in Welsh football pyramid, part of the Ardal Leagues,  after the cancellation of the previous season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.
Plectroctena mandibularis
Plectroctena mandibularis, called the ringbum ant or millipede munching ant, is a large species of ant that ranges from the Eastern Cape, South Africa, through East Africa to Ethiopia. Their workers forage singly in open terrain, and their colony size seldom exceeds fifty individuals. It is one of the large Plectroctena species, including P. conjugata and P. minor, that specialize on adult millipedes as prey. The nest is composed of chambers that are typically located two feet or more below the surface, and the nest entrances are usually marked by large piles of earth. They get their colloquial, common name from their tendency to prey on millipedes.

Ant colony
An ant colony is a population of ants, typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial, communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera, though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution. The typical colony consists of one or more egg-laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females.  In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests.
Portugal at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics
Portugal competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea. The Portuguese Athletics Federation announced a squad of 25 athletes (12 men and 13 women).

Among the medal hopefuls are Nelson Évora (reigning Olympic champion in men's triple jump), Rui Silva (1500-metre bronze medalist at the 2004 Olympic Games and 2005 World Championships), Jéssica Augusto (2010 European cross-country champion and 10,000-metre bronze medalist at the 2010 European Championships), Sara Moreira (5000-metre bronze medalist at the 2010 European Championships), and Susana Feitor (20-km walk bronze medalist at the 2005 World Championships), who will compete for an all-time record 11th consecutive time at these Championships.

Rui Silva (runner)
Rui Manuel Monteiro Silva ComIH (born 3 August 1977) is a Portuguese track and field athlete and coach who represents S.L. Benfica. As a distance runner, he specializes at the 1500 and 3000 m events, although he has at times run the 800 metres as well. Silva is the current national champion at 1500 m.
Río Loro Formation
The Río Loro Formation is a geological formation of the Sierras Pampeanas in Tucumán Province Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Paleocene of the Paleogene, or Riochican in the SALMA classification.

The formation has been deposited in a meandering fluvial environment and has a maximum noted thickness of 95 metres (312 ft).

The formation has provided fossils of several mammals and reptiles. The crocodylian genus Lorosuchus and mammal species Eoastrapostylops riolorense were named after the formation which is correlated with the Mealla Formation of the Salta Basin to the northwest of Tucumán Province.

Thanetian
The Thanetian is, in the ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age or uppermost stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 59.24 and 56 Ma. The Thanetian is preceded by the Selandian Age and followed by the Ypresian Age (part of the Eocene). The Thanetian is sometimes referred to as the Late Paleocene.
Pentagram
A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha, pentangle, or star pentagon) is a regular five-pointed star polygon, formed from the diagonal line segments of a convex (or simple, or non-self-intersecting) regular pentagon. Drawing a circle around the five points creates a similar symbol referred to as the pentacle, which is used widely by Wiccans and in paganism, or as a sign of life and connections.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line".
The word pentagram refers to just the star and the word pentacle refers to the star within a circle, although there is some overlap in usage. The word pentalpha is a 17th-century revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.

Branko Grünbaum
Branko Grünbaum (Hebrew: ברנקו גרונבאום; 2 October 1929 – 14 September 2018) was a Croatian-born mathematician of Jewish descent and a professor emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle.  He received his Ph.D. in 1957 from Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Samsung i8000 Omnia II
The Samsung Omnia II GT-I8000(H/L/U) is a multimedia smartphone announced at Samsung Mobile Unpacked on June 15, 2009. Earlier Omnia II releases run Windows Mobile 6.1, however they are upgradable to version 6.5 Professional. There is also an unofficial and experimental Android version available. Verizon is the official US carrier for this phone and released it in December 2009.

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
Xanthorrhoea minor
Xanthorrhoea minor is a species of trunkless grasstree in the family Asphodelaceae native to south-eastern Australia. It was one of the many species authored by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown.

Unlike some other species of grasstree, it lacks a trunk, and its leaves grow from one or more underground stems. The leaves are green. It flowers from October to November.

Two subspecies are currently recognised:

X. minor subsp. lutea from South Australia and Victoria

X. minor subsp. minor from New South Wales, which grows in wet poorly drained areas such as swamps around the Sydney Basin, north to Gosford, and west to Springwood and south to Campbelltown.

Asphodelaceae
Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 40 genera and 900 known species. The type genus is Asphodelus.

The family has a wide, but scattered, distribution throughout the tropics and temperate zones; for example, Xanthorrhoea is endemic to Australia, while the Aloes are unique to Africa and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Many of the family's genera are cultivated as ornamentals, with some being highly collectible and sought-after, such as Haworthia and Gasteria, as well as their intergeneric hybrids with Aloe (x Gasteraloe, x Gastorthia, x Haworthaloe, etc.), while a few are grown commercially for cut flowers. Two species of Aloe, A. vera and A. maculata, are grown for their leaf sap, which contains digestive enzymes, and has medicinal and cosmetic applications.
Puka Hirka (Bolognesi)
Puka Hirka (Quechua puka red, hirka mountain, "red mountain", Hispanicized spelling Puca Jirca) is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 m (15,700 ft) high. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Bolognesi Province, Aquia District, northeast of Pastururi.

Pastoruri Glacier
The Pastoruri glacier is a cirque glacier, located in the southern part of the Cordillera Blanca, part of the Andes mountain range, in Northern Peru in the Ancash region.  It is one of the few glaciers left in the tropical areas of South America.
1957 Davis Cup
The 1957 Davis Cup was the 46th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 7 teams entered the America Zone, and 5 teams entered the Eastern Zone. Malaya, Lebanon and Venezuela made their first appearances in the competition.

The United States defeated Brazil in the America Zone final, the Philippines defeated Japan in the Eastern Zone final, and Belgium defeated Italy in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated the Philippines in the semifinal and then defeated Belgium in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States were defeated by defending champions Australia. The final was played at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 26–28 December.

Italy Davis Cup team
The Italy men's national tennis team represents Italy in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Italian Tennis Federation.

Italy is the reigning champion, claiming the Davis Cup in 2025. It is a four-time champion overall, also winning in 1976, 2023, and 2024. It finished runner-up six times (1960, 1961, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1998).

The most awarded player (by titles won when part of the team) is Simone Bolelli, with three victories. Matteo Berrettini, Lorenzo Musetti, Jannik Sinner, Lorenzo Sonego and Andrea Vavassori won the Davis Cup twice. The most awarded captain is Filippo Volandri, with three victories.

For the past three years, Italy has won the title, becoming the first country to win the event three consecutive times since the United States in 1972. In 2024 and 2025, Italy was also champion in the Billie Jean King Cup, making it the only country to win both events in consecutive years.
Manuel Conde Orellana
Manuel Eduardo Conde Orellana (born 20 December 1956) is a Guatemalan attorney and politician who served as a member of the Congress of Guatemala from 2016 to 2024. Previously, he ran as presidential candidate in the 2003 election and 2007 election.

Conde participated as a presidential candidate in 2023 election for the political party Vamos. He placed third next to Semilla candidate Bernardo Arévalo and former first lady Sandra Torres.

Congress of the Republic of Guatemala
The Congress of the Republic (Spanish: Congreso de la República) is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Guatemala. The Guatemalan Congress is made up of 160 deputies who are elected by direct universal suffrage to serve four-year terms. The electoral system is closed party list proportional representation. 31 of the deputies are elected on a nationwide list, whilst the remaining 127 deputies are elected in 22 multi-member constituencies. Each of Guatemala's 22 departments serves as a district, with the exception of the department of Guatemala containing the capital, which on account of its size is divided into two (distrito central and distrito Guatemala). Departments are allocated seats based on their population size and they are shown in the table below.
TNA Hall of Fame
The TNA Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors professional wrestlers and wrestling personalities who contributed to the history of the American based professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

It was established in 2012, and created as part of the celebration of the promotion's 10th anniversary. Inductees are usually announced at either the Slammiversary pay-per-view event or on episodes of TNA Impact!, and the ceremony takes place prior to Bound for Glory. It has been an annual tradition for TNA since 2012 with the exception of two years (2017 and 2019).

As of 2025, there have been 16 inducted in total; 13 individually, and two group inductions.

TNA Impact!
TNA Impact!, also known as TNA Thursday Night Impact! or simply Impact! (stylized as iMPACT!), is an American professional wrestling television program produced by the American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) that debuted on June 4, 2004. It also features wrestlers from WWE's NXT brand due to the working relationship between the two companies.

The series currently airs every Thursday at 9 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on AMC as well as streaming on AMC+ in the United States and TNA+ internationally, owned by its parent company Anthem Sports & Entertainment. It premiered on AMC on January 15, 2026.
Arthur Livingston
Arthur Livingston (September 30, 1883 in Northbridge, Massachusetts – 1944), was an American professor of Romance languages and literatures, translator, and publisher, who played a significant role in introducing a number of European writers to readers in the United States in the period between World War I and World War II.

Northbridge, Massachusetts
Northbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 16,335 at the 2020 census.  The Northbridge Town Hall is located at 7 Main Street in Whitinsville. The town is now a part of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, of the National Park Service. Northbridge claims to history include: Native American Nipmuc lands, Colonel John Spring, who led the Uxbridge militia training company in the American Revolution, Samuel Spring, Revolutionary War Chaplain, the Residence of Ezra T. Benson 1830–1832, the birthplace of President Millard Fillmore's mother, Phoebe, and home to the Whitin Machine Works from 1831 to 1964.

For geographic and demographic information on the village of Whitinsville, please see the article Whitinsville, Massachusetts.
Monetary judgment
A monetary judgment (also called a money judgment or award) is a form of judgment rendered by a court or comparable determinative body in which one party to a dispute is awarded some amount of money as compensation for wrongdoing by the other party. Monetary judgments can contain a number of elements, including attorney's fees and  punitive damages.

Attorney's fee
Attorney's fee is a chiefly United States term for compensation for legal services performed by an attorney (lawyer or law firm) for a client, in or out of court.

Fees may be an hourly, flat-rate or contingent fee. Recent studies suggest that when lawyers charge a flat-fee rather than billing by the hour, they work less hard on behalf of clients and clients get worse outcomes.

Attorney fees are separate from fines, compensatory and punitive damages, and (except in Nevada) from court costs in a legal case. Under the "American rule", attorney fees are usually not paid by the losing party to the winning party in a case, except pursuant to specific statutory or contractual rights.
Ereğli railway station
Ereğli station (Turkish: Ereğli gar is a railway station in the town of Ereğli in Konya Province. Once served by several train lines that have destinations to Istanbul, İzmir and Konya, the station is currently served by Toros Ekspresi  only, which connects Ereğli to Adana and Karaman. The station will be popular again after the completion of the Konya-Ereğli section of the Konya-Gaziantep highspeed line.

Taurus Express
The Taurus Express (Turkish: Toros Ekspresi) is a passenger train named after the Taurus Mountains in Southern Turkey. It was launched in 1930 by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits and originally connected Istanbul with Aleppo, Tripoli, Lebanon (for connections to Palestine) and Nusaybin (for connections to Iraq). The Taurus Express provided connection to the Orient Express in Istanbul. Overland travel from Western Europe to Near East became possible with the same level of comfort and quality throughout the trip. As of 2024 a service with this name is operated daily by TCDD Transport running wholly within Turkey between Konya and Adana.
Steel Arm Tyler
William Tyler (September 26, 1907 – January 11, 1970), nicknamed "Steel Arm", was an American Negro league pitcher between 1925 and 1930.

A native of Evansville, Indiana, Tyler made his Negro leagues debut in 1925 for the Memphis Red Sox. He went on to play for the Chicago American Giants and Kansas City Monarchs, then returned to Memphis in 1927 and 1928 before finishing his career with the Detroit Stars in 1929 and 1930. Tyler died in Elkton, Kentucky in 1970 at age 64.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Samuel Lino
Samuel Dias Lino (Brazilian Portuguese: [sɐ̃.muˈɛw ˈlĩ.nu], born 23 December 1999) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a left winger or wing-back for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Flamengo and the Brazil national team.

Copa Paulista
The Copa Paulista de Futebol, formerly known as Copa FPF, also sometimes called Copa Federação Paulista de Futebol or, in English, São Paulo State Cup, is a tournament organized by Federação Paulista de Futebol Company every second half of the season. It is played by São Paulo state teams not playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Serie A and by reserve teams of Paulista teams playing in the Brazilian League.

The competition has already had several different names. In 2001, it was named Copa Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola Cup), due to the company's sponsorship. In 2002, it was named Copa Futebol Interior (São Paulo Countryside Football Cup). In 2003 it was named Copa Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Cup). From 2004 to 2007 it was named Copa FPF. Since 2008 it is named Copa Paulista de Futebol.

Since 2005, the competition winner gained the right to compete in the following year's Copa do Brasil. From 2007 to 2010, the Copa Paulista winner also competed in Recopa Sul-Brasileira.
Integrated services
In computer networking, integrated services or IntServ is an architecture that specifies the elements to guarantee quality of service (QoS) on networks. IntServ can for example be used to allow video and sound to reach the receiver without interruption.

IntServ specifies a fine-grained QoS system, which is often contrasted with DiffServ's coarse-grained control system.

Under IntServ, every router in the system implements IntServ, and every application that requires some kind of QoS guarantee has to make an individual reservation. Flow specs describe what the reservation is for, while RSVP is the underlying mechanism to signal it across the network.

Granularity (parallel computing)
In parallel computing, granularity (or grain size) of a task is a measure of the amount of work (or computation) which is performed by that task.

Another definition of granularity takes into account the communication overhead between multiple processors or processing elements. It defines granularity as the ratio of computation time to communication time, wherein computation time is the time required to perform the computation of a task and communication time is the time required to exchange data between processors.

If Tcomp is the computation time and Tcomm denotes the communication time, then the granularity G of a task can be calculated as:

Granularity is usually measured in terms of the number of instructions which are executed in a particular task. Alternately, granularity can also be specified in terms of the execution time of a program, combining the computation time and communication time.