hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Bara' ibn Malik
Al-Barāʾ ibn Mālik al-Anṣārī (Arabic: البراء بن مالك الأنصاري; died c. 641) was one of the Sahaba (companions of Muhammad), an Ansar belonging to the Banū al-Najjār branch of the Banu Khazraj. He was the brother of Anas ibn Malik.

He was most known for his participations in the Ridda Wars against Musaylima and Muslim conquest of Persia. He died around 641-642 of wounds he received during his siege in Shushtar against the Sasanian Empire.

Al-Barā has become a role model of conducting Jihad by later era Islamic communities.

Shushtar
Shushtar (Persian: شوشتر) is a city in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Shushtar is an ancient fortress city, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) from Ahvaz, the centre of the province. Much of its past agricultural productivity derives from the irrigation system which centered on the Band-e Kaisar, the first dam bridge in Iran. The whole water system in Shushtar consists of 13 sites called Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System which is registered as a Unesco World Heritage Site.
Jidong Nanpu oil field
The Jidong Nanpu oil field is an oil field located in Bohai Bay, China. It was discovered in 2005 and developed by China National Petroleum Corporation. It began production in 2006 and produces oil. The total proven reserves of the Jidong Nanpu oil field are around 7.45 billion barrels (1 billion tonnes), and production is centered on 200,000 barrels per day (32,000 m3/d).

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Lake Michigan Conference
The Lake Michigan Conference was an interscholastic athletic conference affiliated with the Michigan High School Athletic Association. It was located in Northern Michigan and contained eight teams that encompasses six counties: Antrim County, Charlevoix County, Crawford County, Emmet County, Grand Traverse County, and Kalkaska County.

Antrim County, Michigan
Antrim County (/ˈæntrəm/ AN-trəm) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,431. The county seat is Bellaire. The name is taken from County Antrim in Northern Ireland. Antrim County is home to Torch Lake, Michigan's deepest and second-largest inland lake. Torch Lake, famous for its clear and blue waters, is part of the Chain of Lakes Watershed, most of which lies within Antrim County. The county is bordered to the west by Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.
Carinhall
Carinhall was the country residence of Hermann Göring, built in the 1930s on a large hunting estate north-east of Berlin in the Schorfheide Forest, in the north of Brandenburg, between the lakes of Großdöllner See and Wuckersee.

Eberswalde
Eberswalde (German pronunciation: [ˌeːbɐsˈvaldə] ⓘ) is a major town and the administrative seat of the district Barnim in Brandenburg in north-eastern Germany, about 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Berlin.

The town is often called Waldstadt (forest town), because of the large forests around it, including the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve. Despite this fact, Eberswalde was an important industrial center until the German Reunification.
Trinidad and Tobago Guardian
The Trinidad and Tobago Guardian (together with the Sunday Guardian) is the oldest daily newspaper in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper is considered the newspaper of record for Trinidad and Tobago. The slogan of the paper is The Guardian of Democracy.

The newspaper is owned and published by Guardian Media Limited. The main office of the Guardian is located at St. Vincent Street, Port of Spain.

Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of the oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country.

It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record, but the lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record.
Rubina Nature Reserve
Rubina Nature Reserve (Estonian: Rubina looduskaitseala) is a nature reserve in Viljandi County in southern Estonia.

The nature reserve is aimed at protecting the rare forested wetland landscape in the area, and the flora and fauna that thrives there. The area, rich in bogs, swamps and lakes, is an important resting place for migratory birds, but also supports a permanent population of birds such as black stork and white-tailed eagle. The wetlands in the area also support fish, such as the protected European weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis). The flora in the nature reserve is notable for the large number of unusual orchids that can be found there.

Viljandi County
Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa; German: Kreis Fellin) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties as well as Latvia.
Tempted Stakes
The Tempted Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually since 1975 at Aqueduct Racetrack in Jamaica, New York. Run near the end of October, the ungraded stakes race is open to 2-year-old fillies and is contested on dirt over a distance of one mile (8 furlongs). It currently offers a purse of $100,000.

The race is named in honor of Tempted, voted U.S. Champion Handicap Mare in 1959.

In 1976, the race mare, Pearl Necklace, won this race.  Our Mims placed.  In 1979, it was won by the future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Genuine Risk and in 1990 by another future  Hall of Famer, Flawlessly.

For 2011 only, the distance was shortened to 6 furlongs. It was changed from Aqueduct to Belmont Park and moved to earlier in the month as a prep for the inaugural Breeders' Cup Juvenile Sprint that was run on November 4 of that year.

Tempted (horse)
Tempted (foaled 1955 in Kentucky) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse.

Trained by future U.S, Racing Hall of Fame inductee Henry Clark and usually ridden by Eldon Nelson, Tempted was a multiple stakes winner of important races for fillies. In 1959 she was voted American Champion Older Female Horse honors.
Bohdan Manyshyn
Bishop Bohdan Manyshyn (Ukrainian: Богдан Манишин; born 24 October 1972 in Novyi Rozdil, Mykolaiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch as Auxiliary bishop of Stryi since 2 April 2014.

Novyi Rozdil
Novyi Rozdil (Ukrainian: Новий Розділ, IPA: [noˈwɪj rozˈd⁽ʲ⁾il] ⓘ) is a city in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. Novyi Rozdil hosts the administration of Novyi Rozdil urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 29,643 - 76.1% total population of Novyi Rozdil urban hromada (1 November 2023).

Until 18 July 2020, Novyi Rozdil was incorporated as a city of regional significance. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, the city of Novyi Rozdil was merged into Stryi Raion.
Koichi Sugii
Kо̄ichi Sugii (杉井幸一, Sugii Kōichi; 1906 - 1942) was a Japanese bandleader, composer, arranger, conductor, singer, and accordionist who was one of the pioneers of Japanese jazz. His musical arrangements skillfully bridged Eastern and Western styles, combining American orchestral jazz with Japanese pop and Chinese folk music to create a sophisticated and melodic hybrid style which one scholar has deemed, "among the most compellingly original in Japanese prewar and wartime jazz", and another scholar has called "the apex of wartime jazz" in Japan.

Orchestral jazz
Orchestral jazz or symphonic jazz is a form of jazz that developed in New York City in the 1920s. Early innovators of the genre, such as Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington, include some of the most highly regarded musicians, composers, and arrangers in all of jazz history. The fusion of jazz's rhythmic and instrumental characteristics with the scale and structure of an orchestra, made orchestral jazz distinct from the musical genres that preceded its emergence. Its development contributed both to the popularization of jazz, as well as the critical legitimization of jazz as an art form.
Kyrgyz rebellion in Xinjiang
The Kyrgyz Rebellion (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз көтөрүлүшү, romanized: Kyrgyz kötörülüşü); (Chinese: 柯爾克孜叛亂) occurred when Kyrgyz irregulars in Xinjiang revolted against the Republic of China in March 1932. The Kyrgyz rebels, led by Id Mirab, revolted in the Tian Shan mountains as part of the wider Kumul Rebellion in Xinjiang, until they were quickly defeated by government forces led by Ma Shaowu, the Hui military commander of Kashgar, with some minor assistance of the Soviet Union.

Irregular military
Irregular military is any military component distinct from a country's regular armed forces, representing non-standard militant elements outside of conventional governmental backing. Irregular elements can consist of militias, private armies, mercenaries, or other non-state actors, though no single definition exists beyond exclusion from national service.  Without standard military unit organization, various more general names are often used; such organizations may be called a troop, group, unit, column, band, or force. Irregulars are soldiers or warriors that are members of these organizations, or are members of special military units that employ irregular military tactics.  This also applies to irregular infantry and irregular cavalry units.

Irregular warfare is warfare employing the tactics commonly used by irregular military organizations. This often overlaps with asymmetrical warfare, avoiding large-scale combat and focusing on small, stealthy, hit-and-run engagements.
Espoo outdoor islands
The Espoo outdoor islands are territories owned by the city of Espoo, Finland, which are suitable for hiking, and some of which are suitable for overnight camping.

The city of Espoo has twelve outdoor islands. There are public boat connections to Iso Vasikkasaari and to the outer islands of Stora Herrö, Rövaren and Gåsgrund. The M/S Aurora departs from Otaniemi and the M/S Tuulikki from Kivenlahti.

It is possible to land with one's own boat in Knapperskär, Kaparen, Rövargrundet, Fölisholmen and Tvijälp in Westend. Knapperskär and Fölisholmen are suitable for overnight tenting, and the islands have barbecue facilities and dry toilets. There is a small cabin built by the local hunting society on Knapperskär, which is normally not open to the public.

Kirkkonummi
Kirkkonummi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkirkːoˌnumːi]; Swedish: Kyrkslätt, Finland Swedish: [ˈtɕyrːkslet] ⓘ, Sweden Swedish: [ˈɕʏ̂rːkslɛt]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Kirkkonummi is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Kirkkonummi is approximately 42,000. It is the 28th most populous municipality in Finland. Kirkkonummi is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Kirkkonummi is situated on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland and borders Espoo, Vihti, Siuntio and Ingå. The literal translation of the Finnish name "Kirkkonummi" into English is “church heath”; the Swedish name "Kyrkslätt" translates to “church plain".

Kirkkonummi is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 73% Finnish speakers, 15% Swedish speakers, and 13% speakers of other languages.
Società anonima delle strade ferrate della Lombardia e dell'Italia Centrale
The Società anonima delle strade ferrate della Lombardia e dell'Italia Centrale was a joint-stock Anglo-French-Italian private company formed, following the partition of the territory, and the railways built in it, under construction or planned, resulting from the defeat of Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence, following the convention of 25 June 1860 among the Ministers of King Vittorio Emanuele II for Public Works and Finance and the previous Imperial-regia società privilegiata delle strade ferrate lombardo-venete e dell'Italia Centrale.

Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, Latin: Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae) was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.

Originally a realm of the Farnese family after Pope Paul III made it a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese, it was ruled by the dynasty until 1731, when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs. After a decade of Habsburg rule, the duchy passed to the House of Bourbon-Parma.

It was invaded by Napoleon and annexed by France, having its sovereignty restored in 1814 after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon's wife, Marie Louise (Maria Luigia), then ruled as its duchess until her death. Parma was restored to Bourbon rule in 1847, and in 1859, the duchy was formally abolished as it was integrated into the new Italian state.
Joseph Skipsey
Joseph Skipsey  (17 March 1832 – 3 September 1903) was a Northumbrian poet during the Victorian period and one of a number of literary coal miners to be known as 'The Pitman Poet'. Among his best known works is the ballad "The Hartley Calamity", which imagined the last hours of several of those trapped underground during the Hartley Colliery Disaster of January 1862. This devastating mining accident killed a total of 204 men and boys and remains England's most catastrophic pit disaster.

Mining accident
A mining accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining minerals or metals. Thousands of miners die from mining accidents each year, especially from underground coal mining, although accidents also occur in hard rock mining.  Coal mining is considered much more hazardous than hard rock mining due to flat-lying rock strata, generally incompetent rock, the presence of methane gas, and coal dust. Most of the deaths these days occur in developing countries, and rural parts of developed countries where safety measures are not practiced as fully.  A mining disaster is an incident where there are five or more fatalities.
Brazilian football league system
The Brazilian football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for football clubs in Brazil. It consists of several independent pyramids, which are the national pyramid and the states pyramids. As these pyramids are independent, clubs usually compete in a state pyramid and a national pyramid. Both the national pyramid and the states pyramids consist of several levels. The best placed teams in the states championships compete in the Copa do Brasil.

Football club (association football)
In association football, a football club (or association football club, alternatively soccer club) is a sports club that acts as an entity through which association football teams organise their sporting activities. The club can exist either as an independent unit or as part of a larger sports organization as a subsidiary of the parent club or organization.

The sport of association football allows teams that partake in some sort of club activity to participate in tournaments such as leagues and other competitions. Teams must register their players as well as staff and other personnel to be eligible to represent the club in any activity as it regards to association football competitions.
Modern Education Schools
The Modern Education School (MES; Arabic: مدارس التربية الحديثة) is a private international school in New Cairo, Cairo Governorate.

The Modern Education School, established in 1997, is a co-educational school that is divided into three educational systems (the National division, American division, and British division) which serves grades from pre-kindergarten through high school.

Partners:

Goethe Institut (German)

Schulen Partner Der Zukunft (German)

NWEA

Cairo Governorate
Cairo (Arabic: محافظة القاهرة) is one of the 27 governorates of Egypt. It is formed of the city of Cairo, both the national capital of Egypt and the governorate's, in addition to six satellite cities: The New Capital - which became the official seat of national government in April 2024, New Cairo, El Shorouk, Badr, Capital Gardens, and 15th of May. These cities form almost half of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area by population.

Cairo is one of four city governorates in Egypt, and the governor of Cairo is also the head of the city. Nonetheless, the governate of Cairo and the city of Cairo are two semi-distinct levels of local government, and as with other governorates, the governor is appointed by the president.
2011 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering
The 2011 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering (Italian: Campionato del Mondo di Scialpinismo 2011) were held instead of the originally 9th edition of the European Championships of Ski Mountaineering, why it was the first World Championship in an odd-numbered year, besides the Trofeo Mezzalama in 1975, which was the real first world championship of ski mountaineering. Instead, the 9th edition of the European championships was held in February 2012.

The 2011 World Championship, sanctioned by the International Ski Mountaineering Federation (ISMF) and held in Claut, Italy, lastet from February 19th to 25th, 2011. It was the first edition including a sprint race.

Mezzalama Trophy
The Mezzalama Trophy (Italian: Trofeo Mezzalama, French: Trophée Mezzalama, a.k.a. white marathon) is an Italian high altitude ski mountaineering competition in upper Valtournenche and Ayas valleys, in Aosta Valley.

The Mezzalama Trophy, which belongs to the "big three of ski mountaineering" (French: les grandes trois de ski de montagne) besides the two other best-known and classical ski mountaineering events, the Patrouille des Glaciers and the Pierra Menta, is the highest alpine ski mountaineering competition of the world. The event in the Monte Rosa's massif was named in honor of the mountain guide Ottorino Mezzalama.

The Mezzalama Trophy is a stage of La Grande Course that includes the most important ski mountaineering competitions of the season.
Maren Louise Käehne
Maren Louise Käehne (born 7 November 1976) is a Danish screenwriter.

Käehne was born in Svendborg, Denmark and graduated from the Danish Film School in 2009. She has written various episodes of the acclaimed Danish dramas Borgen and The Bridge and cowrote Shelley (film).

Shelley (2016 film)
Shelley is a 2016 Danish drama horror film directed and co-written by Ali Abbasi (in his feature directorial debut) and stars Ellen Dorrit Petersen and Peter Christoffersen as a couple who, faced with the inability to bear children, arrange for their Romanian maid (Cosmina Stratan) to be a surrogate mother, soon leading to increasingly sinister events as the due date approaches. It was shown in the Panorama section at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival.
The Practice of Programming
The Practice of Programming (ISBN 0-201-61586-X) by Brian W. Kernighan and Rob Pike is a 1999 book about computer programming and software engineering, published by Addison-Wesley.

According to the preface, the book is about "topics like testing, debugging, portability, performance, design alternatives, and style", which, according to the authors, "are not usually the focus of computer science or programming courses". It treats these topics in case studies, featuring implementations in several programming languages (mostly C, but also C++, AWK, Perl, Tcl and Java).

The Practice of Programming has been translated into twelve languages. Eric S. Raymond, in The Art of Unix Programming, calls it "recommended reading for all C programmers (indeed for all programmers in any language)". A 2008 review on LWN.net found that TPOP "has aged well due to its focus on general principles" and that "beginners will benefit most but experienced developers will appreciate [...] the later chapters".

LWN.net
LWN.net is a computing webzine with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It consists of a weekly issue, separate stories which are published most days, and threaded discussion attached to every story. Most news published daily are short summaries of articles published elsewhere, and are free to all viewers. Original articles are usually published weekly on Thursdays and are available only to subscribers for two weeks, after which they become free as well. LWN.net is part of Eklektix, Inc.

LWN caters to a more technical audience than other Linux/free software publications. It is often praised for its in-depth coverage of Linux kernel internals and Linux kernel mailing list (LKML) discussions.

The acronym "LWN" originally stood for Linux Weekly News; that name is no longer used because the site no longer covers exclusively Linux-related topics, and it has daily as well as weekly content.
Congress of Lushnjë Museum
Congress of Lushnjë Museum (Albanian: Muzeu i Kongresit të Lushnjes) is a museum in Lushnjë, Albania. The Congress of Lushnjë was held here in 1920. In 1970, the building was turned into a museum devoted to patriotism. It contains numerous photographs and original documents related to Albania's struggle against Fascism. The white building has 5 bays on the middle floor and 2 bays on the top floor.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Tsolo
Tsolo is a town in Mhlontlo Local Municipality in OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

The town is some 42 km north-west of Mthatha and 22 km south-west of Qumbu. The name, derived from Xhosa, is said to mean ‘pointed’, referring to the shape of hills there.

Tsolo has two government hospitals, St Lucy's Hospital and Dr. Malizo Mpehle Memorial Hospital.

It is a home to many villages such as Hlangani, Goqwana, Tiki-tiki, etc.With many rivers mostly from uGriniga Dam, which is a source of water for many villages including Hlangani and Goqwana

Kumkani Mhlontlo Local Municipality
Kumkani Mhlontlo Municipality (formerly Mhlontlo Municipality; Xhosa: uMasipala waseKumkani Mhlontlo) is a local municipality within the OR Tambo District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.

The Kumkani Mhlontlo Municipality is a municipality situated along the N2 national route between Mthatha and KwaBhaca. It encompasses the towns of Qumbu and Tsolo, together with the surrounding villages. There are three hospitals within the municipality; the Nessie Knight Hospital in Sulenkama village (Qumbu), the St Lucy Hospital in Ngcolosi village (Tsolo) and the Dr Malizo Mpehle Hospital near the town of Tsolo. 
The municipality is the seat of the AmaMpondomise Kingdom, which seats at Lower Kroza village near Qumbu.

Mhlontlo was a king (Xhosa: Kumkani) of the AmaMpondomise people during the 19th century.