hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antiestrogen withdrawal response
The antiestrogen withdrawal response is a paradoxical improvement in breast cancer caused by discontinuation of antiestrogen therapy for breast cancer. It has been documented rarely with the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene. The phenomenon indicates that these agents can somehow result in stimulation of breast cancer tumor progression under certain circumstances. One proposed theory for the mechanism is that the sensitivity of breast cells to estrogens shifts with estrogen deprivation, and upon antiestrogen withdrawal, endogenous estrogen acts in the manner of high-dose estrogen therapy in the breast to inhibit breast cancer growth and induce breast cancer cell death. The antiestrogen withdrawal syndrome is analogous to but less common and well-known than the antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome, a phenomenon in which paradoxical improvement in prostate cancer occurs upon discontinuation of antiandrogen therapy.

Medication discontinuation
Medication discontinuation is the ceasing of a medication treatment for a patient by either the clinician or the patient themself. When initiated by the clinician, it is known as deprescribing. Medication discontinuation is an important medical practice that may be motivated by a number of reasons:

Reducing polypharmacy

Reducing health expenditure

Improving quality of life by ceasing medications with potential adverse effects or where the indication for a medical treatment may have changed

Reflect changes in evidence that support a treatment

Reflecting changes in treatment goals, such as a move to end-of-life care.

Unlike the prescribing of medications, appropriate discontinuation has not attracted nearly as much attention or interest.
Wycheproof railway station
Wycheproof is a closed railway station on the Kulwin line in Wycheproof, Victoria, Australia. The line that runs through the town, partly on the road is unique in Victoria, as it runs through the middle of the main street. Freight trains pass through the station on their way to various locations along the line.

A number of home signals at the station were abolished on 5 January 1994.

The station and platform were renovated in 2010, the goods shed in 2015 and the 70' long turntable that has been leased to Steamrail Victoria, was re-opened it to rail traffic in 2021. K class steam locomotive K167 is also statically preserved in a nearby park.

Application of railway signals
The application of railway signals on a rail layout is determined by various factors, principally the location of points of potential conflict, as well as the speed and frequency of trains and the movements they require to make.
Bromoiodomethane
Bromoiodomethane is a halomethane with the formula BrCH2I.  It is a colorless liquid, although older samples appear yellow.  The compound has been investigated as a reagent for cyclopropanation by the Simmons-Smith reaction, but diiodomethane and chloroiodomethane are preferred. It also occurs naturally as the result of microbial action.

Its critical point is at 367.85 °C and 6.3 MPa and refractive index is 1.6382 (20 °C, D).

Simmons–Smith reaction
The Simmons–Smith reaction is an organic cheletropic reaction involving an organozinc carbenoid that reacts with an alkene (or alkyne) to form a cyclopropane. It is named after Howard Ensign Simmons, Jr. and Ronald D. Smith. It uses a methylene free radical intermediate that is delivered to both carbons of the alkene simultaneously, therefore the configuration of the double bond is preserved in the product and the reaction is stereospecific.
Dar Agah
Dar Agah (Persian: دراگاه, also Romanized as Dar Āgāh, Derāgāh, and Dorāgāh; also known as Dūrāhgāh) is a village in Dar Agah Rural District, in the Central District of Hajjiabad County, Hormozgan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 188, in 57 families.

Hajjiabad County
Hajjiabad County (Persian: شهرستان حاجی‌آباد) is in Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Hajjiabad, about 100 km north of Bandar Abbas (the capital of the province), and best known for its citrus produce.
Cultural depictions of Gilles de Rais
Gilles de Rais, Joan of Arc's comrade-in-arms, Marshal of France and confessed child murderer, has inspired a number of artistic and cultural works.

As early as the 15th century, the character appeared in a mystery play and a prose poem. He then underwent a long eclipse in cultural representations, before folklore transfigured him into Bluebeard.

From the 19th century onwards, literature revived the character, and cinema followed with films dedicated to the Maid of Orléans. Finally, comics and anime illustrate contemporary visions of the Marshal de Rais.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Kölliken
Kölliken is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.  It was also home to one of the two most toxic hazardous waste landfills in all of Switzerland.   The other site is in Bonfol, Canton Jura.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Flamer (novel)
Flamer is a semi-autobiographical graphic novel by Mike Curato. It is set in 1995, in a Boy Scouts summer camp, and tells the story of Aiden, who is bullied for his appearance, including acting in a manner considered stereotypical of gay men. Curato was a scout and used his experience as a closeted teenager to write the novel.

The book was published in 2020 by Henry Holt and Company and was praised both for its emotional story and its artistic choices, such as the use of red tones for emotional moments while being mostly drawn in black and white. Flamer received a Lambda Literary Award in 2021 in the young adult category.

Henry Holt and Company
Henry Holt and Company is an American book-publishing company based in New York City. One of the oldest publishers in the United States, it was founded in 1866 by Henry Holt and Frederick Leypoldt. The company publishes in the fields of American and international fiction, biography, history, politics, science, psychology, health, and children's literature. In the U.S., it operates under Macmillan Publishers.
Dewey City Historic District
The Dewey City Historic District is a 110 acres (45 ha) historic district in Thomasville, Georgia which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.  It is an intact historically African-American neighborhood.

It then included 110 contributing buildings, a structure, and a contributing site. It also included 100 non-contributing buildings and 35 non-contributing sites, and a non-contributing object.

Thomasville, Georgia
Thomasville is a city in and the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The population was 18,881 in 2020.

The city deems itself the "City of Roses" and holds an annual Rose Festival. The city features plantations open to the public, a historic downtown, a large farmer's market, and an oak tree from about 1680 at the corner of Monroe and Crawford streets.
Erlenbach bei Marktheidenfeld
Erlenbach bei Marktheidenfeld (officially Erlenbach b.Marktheidenfeld) is a municipality in the Main-Spessart district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Marktheidenfeld. It has given itself the title Weinort mit Herz – Wine Town with Heart.

Regierungsbezirk
A Regierungsbezirk (German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁk] ⓘ, pl. Regierungsbezirke, German pronunciation: [ʁeˈɡiːʁʊŋsbəˌtsɪʁkə], lit. 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of the sixteen Länder (states of Germany) are split into Regierungsbezirke, each in turn split into rural or urban districts.

Regierungsbezirke serve as regional mid-level local government units in four of Germany's sixteen states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. Each of the nineteen Regierungsbezirke features a non-legislative governing body called a Regierungspräsidium (governing presidium) or Bezirksregierung (district government) headed by a Regierungspräsident (governing president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction. Saxony has Direktionsbezirke (directorate districts) with more responsibilities shifted from the state parliament.
T. rex and the Crater of Doom
T. rex and the Crater of Doom is a nonfiction book by UC Berkeley professor Walter Alvarez that was published by Princeton University Press in 1997. The book discusses the research and evidence that led to the creation of the Alvarez hypothesis, which explains how an impact event was the main cause that resulted in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

Gubbio
Gubbio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡubbjo]) is a town and municipality (comune) in the northeastern part of the province of Perugia in the region of Umbria in Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 30,297, it is the 6th-largest municipality in Umbria.

It is located on the lowest slope of Mt. Ingino, a small mountain of the Apennines.
Hardin Craig
Hardin Craig (29 June 1875 – 13 October 1968) was an American Renaissance scholar and professor of English. In his 65-year academic career, he served on the faculties of eight different colleges and universities, published more than 20 books as either author or editor, and was one of the few Americans to be elected to the Royal Society of Literature in Britain.

Centre College
Centre College, formally Centre College of Kentucky, is a private liberal arts college in Danville, Kentucky, United States. Chartered by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1819, the college is a member of the Associated Colleges of the South and the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities. It has an enrollment of about 1,400 students.
Portia (given name)
Portia is a feminine given name taken from the name of the Roman Porcia gens, which was ultimately derived from the Latin porcus; porcus translates to pig. It is best known as a character who disguises herself as a man to act as an imposter judge and save the life of Antonio in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Porsha is a modern spelling variant.

Porcia gens
The gens Porcia, rarely written Portia, was a plebeian family at Ancient Rome.  Its members first appear in history during the third century BC.  The first of the gens to achieve the consulship was Marcus Porcius Cato in 195 BC, and from then until imperial times, the Porcii regularly occupied the highest offices of the Roman state.
New Zealand DQ and QR class locomotives
The DQ and QR class were a class of diesel locomotives in New Zealand and Tasmania, Australia. Originally built by Clyde Engineering in the 1960s as Queensland Rail 1460 and 1502 class locomotives, they were purchased by Tranz Rail in 1995 to be rebuilt, as a cheaper alternative to buying new locomotives.

National Railway Equipment
National Railway Equipment Company (reporting mark NREX) is an American railroad equipment rebuilding, leasing, and manufacturing company, headquartered in Mt. Vernon, Illinois.  NREC sells new and rebuilt locomotives to railroad companies worldwide, with an emphasis on the North American market.
Finley v. United States
Finley v. United States, 490 U.S. 545 (1989), was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States addressing the jurisdictional requirements of the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). In response to the Finley decision, the United States Congress enacted a new statute on supplemental jurisdiction, 28 U.S.C. § 1367.

Title 28 of the United States Code
Title 28 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure), also called the Judicial Code, is the portion of the United States Code (federal statutory law) that governs the federal judicial system.

It is divided into six parts:

Part I: Organization of Courts

Part II: Department of Justice

Part III: Court Officers and Employees

Part IV: Jurisdiction and Venue

Part V: Procedure

Part VI: Particular Proceedings
Montana Highway 78
Montana Highway 78 (MT 78) in the U.S. state of Montana is a state highway running in a northerly direction from an intersection with U.S. Highway 212  (US 212) at the city of Red Lodge. It runs through Roscoe and Absarokee. The highway extends about 49 miles (79 km) to a northern terminus at Interstate 90 (I-90) in the town of Columbus.

U.S. Route 212
U.S. Route 212 (US 212) is a spur of US 12. It runs for 949 miles (1,527 km) from Yellowstone National Park to Minnesota Highway 62 at Edina, Minnesota. It does not intersect US 12 now, but it once had an eastern terminus at US 12 in St. Paul, Minnesota. US 212 passes through the states of Minnesota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. It goes through the cities of Watertown, South Dakota and Billings, Montana.
Per Haddal
Per Haddal (born 9 January 1942) is a Norwegian film critic.

Born in Levanger, he has an M.A. in English. He started working for the newspaper Vårt Land, where he remained from 1969 to 1978. He also worked freelance for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in the period 1975 to 1987. In 1978, he became the main film critic for the newspaper Aftenposten, where he has worked since. In 2008, he led the film critics' jury at the Berlin International Film Festival. Haddal has written books about the animator Ivo Caprino and the actress Liv Ullmann.

Ivo Caprino
Ivo Caprino (17 February 1920 – 8 February 2001) was a Norwegian film director and writer, best known for his puppet films. His most noted film, Flåklypa Grand Prix (Pinchcliffe Grand Prix), was made in 1975.
Women's Trade Union League (UK)
The Women's Trade Union League, founded in 1874 and known until 1890 as the Women's Protective and Provident League, was a British organisation promoting trade union for women workers. It was established by Emma Paterson, who had seen unions managed by working women in America.

Ann Ellis (strike leader)
Ann Ellis born Ann Waite (28 June 1843 – 8 September 1919) was an English power loom weaver and a trade union leader. She became the main person in a new textile union that led a successful three-month strike that was notably led by women in 1875.
Rayong F.C.
Rayong Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอลจังหวัดระยอง) is a Thai professional football club based in Rayong province currently playing in the Thai League 1, the top flight league in Thailand. The club is managed by the Rayong Provincial Administrative Organization.

Thai script
The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai, pronounced [ʔàksɔ̌ːn tʰāj]) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai script itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols (Thai: พยัญชนะ, phayanchana), 16 vowel symbols (Thai: สระ, sara) that combine into at least 32 vowel forms, four tone diacritics (Thai: วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, wannayuk or wannayut), and other diacritics.

Although commonly referred to as the Thai alphabet, the script is not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those.
Triveni Ram
Triveni Ram is an Indian politician. As of 2017 he is a member of 17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. He represents the Jakhania constituency in Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party.

Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party is an Indian political party founded in 2002. The party is led by Om Prakash Rajbhar, Cabinet Minister in Uttar Pradesh. The party has its headquarters in Rasra, Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh. The party has a yellow flag.
Leucoptera onobrychidella
Leucoptera onobrychidella is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found from France to Poland and Hungary.

The larvae feed on Onobrychis arenaria, Onobrychis sativa and Onobrychis viciifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Lyonetiidae
Lyonetiidae is a family of moths with around 200 described species. These are small, slender moths, the wingspan rarely exceeding 1 cm. The very narrow forewings, held folded backwards covering the hindwings and abdomen, often have pointed apices noticeably up- or down-turned. The larvae are leaf miners.

The families Bucculatricidae and Bedelliidae are sometimes considered subfamilies of Lyonetiidae.
Kollidam, Mayiladuthurai
11°19′50″N 79°43′13″E﻿ / ﻿11.33065°N 79.72036°E﻿ / 11.33065; 79.72036

Kollidam (also spelled Koḷḷiṭam in Tamil)  is a panchayat town and headquarters of the Kollidam revenue block in the Mayiladuthurai district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The name derived from the settlement named after the Kollidam River, the northern distributary of the river Cauvery.

This place is on the border of the Mayiladuthurai district and Cuddalore district. The town is located 7km from the mouth of river Bay of Bengal.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Detour (Boz Scaggs album)
Detour is the twentieth studio album by American singer-songwriter Boz Scaggs. It was released on October 17, 2025, on Concord Records, and serves as the follow-up to Out of the Blues (2018). The album is Scaggs' first studio album in seven years, and contains covers of songs by musicians including Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Irma Thomas, and Lonnie Johnson, as well as a re-recording of "I'll Be Long Gone" from Scaggs' self-titled second album. The album peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums Chart.

Irma Thomas
Irma Thomas (née Lee; born February 18, 1941) is an American singer from New Orleans. She is known as the "Soul Queen of New Orleans".

Thomas is a contemporary of Aretha Franklin and Etta James, but never experienced their level of commercial success. In 2007, she won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album for After the Rain, her first Grammy in a career spanning over 50 years.
Adriaan Ludick
Adriaan Ludick (born (1998-07-22)22 July 1998) is a Namibian rugby union player for South African side the Boland Cavaliers in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is lock.

Ludick made his international debut for Namibia in 2018, in their end-of-year match against Russia in Krasnodar.

Namibia national rugby union team
The Namibia national rugby union team (nicknamed the Welwitschias) represents Namibia in men's international rugby union competitions. They are a tier-two nation in the World Rugby tier system, and have participated in seven Rugby World Cup competitions since their first appearance in 1999. They are governed by the Namibia Rugby Union.

Namibia has been playing international rugby since the early 1900s. As well as having competed at the World Cup, Namibia competes annually in the Africa Cup. Until independence, players for Namibia were also eligible to represent South Africa, with Namibian-born Springboks including Jan Ellis.
Watkins Island
Watkins Island is a low lying, ice-covered island 5 miles (8 km) long, lying 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Lavoisier Island in the Biscoe Islands. The island was first mapped by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, 1903–05 and 1908–10, but remained unnamed until resighted by the BGLE under Rymill, 1934–1937. He gave the name Mikkelsen Island after Ejnar Mikkelsen, Danish Arctic explorer. In applying the name, Rymill was unaware of the existence of Mikkelsen Islands 75 mi (121 km) southwestward, named in 1908–1910 by Charcot. To avoid confusion of the two, the UK-APC recommended in 1952 that the Rymill naming be amended. The new name, Watkins Island, commemorates Gino Watkins, leader of the British Arctic Air Route Expedition, 1930–1931. A new feature, Mikkelsen Bay, has been named for Ejnar Mikkelsen.

Jean-Baptiste Charcot
Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).
As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Pension reform in Brazil
The Pension reform in Brazil was a proposal by the Brazilian government to amend the Constitution for the reform of the social security system of the country. By changing the country's constitution, it had to be approved in both houses of the National Congress by an absolute majority. The reform was created to combat the giant deficit in the pension system, of more than R$194 billion in 2018, and the rapid aging of the Brazilian population.

The original text was delivered by the President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro to the President of the Chamber of Deputies Rodrigo Maia on 20 February 2019 to initiate the legal rite. The reform proposal was approved by the Federal Senate on 22 October 2019, becoming law and coming into force automatically. Among other details, the reform raises the retirement age and requires more time for civil service workers to receive a maximum retirement benefit.

Federal government of Brazil
The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.