hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sitaula (surname)
Sitaula, or Sitoula, (Nepali: सिटाैला) is a Brahmin surname of Nepal. This surname was given to Shankar Padhya Bhardwaj's sons because they came from sitouli gaon of India. Shankar Padhya Bhardwaj entered Nepal during the time when non-Muslims were forcibly being converted from Hindus to Muslims. People bearing this surname are originally from sitouli.

Notable people with the name include:

Bharat Sitaula, Nepali pop singer and producer

Lila Devi Sitaula, Nepali politician of the People's Socialist Party

Krishna Prasad Sitaula, Nepali politician of the Nepali Congress

Priti Sitoula, winner of the Miss Nepal 2003 pageant

Krishna Prasad Sitaula
Krishna Prasad Sitaula (Nepali: कृष्ण प्रसाद सिटौला) is a Nepali politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress. He is the leader of the Nepali Congress parliamentary party in the upper house, the Rastriya Sabha.
Telšiai
Telšiai (pronunciationⓘ; Samogitian: Telšē) is a city in Lithuania with about 21,499 inhabitants. It is the capital of Telšiai County and Samogitia region, and it is located on the shores of Lake Mastis.

Telšiai is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania, probably dating earlier than the 14th century. Between the 15th and 20th centuries, Telšiai became a district capital. Until 1795, Telšiai County formed the Duchy of Samogitia within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Between 1795 and 1802 it was included in the Vilnius Governorate. In 1873, Telšiai was transferred to the Kovno Governorate.

Vilna Governorate
The Vilna Governorate was a province (guberniya) of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire that existed from 1795 to 1918. Established after the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it encompassed territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and was one of the administrative divisions created by the Russian Empire to replace the institutions of the dissolved Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In 1897, the governorate covered an area of 41,907.9 square kilometres (16,180.7 mi2) and had a population of 1,591,207 inhabitants. It bordered the following governorates: Minsk to the south, Grodno to the southwest, Suwałki to the west, Kovno and Courland to the north, and Vitebsk to the east. Its capital, Vilnius, also served as the seat of the Vilna Governorate-General, which existed until 1912.
Ghana Climate Innovation Centre
The Ghana Climate Innovation Centre (GCIC)  is a World Bank InfoDev Climate development program center that provides support to small and medium enterprises and startups in developing business concepts that are profitable and can help solve climate change mitigation and adaptation in Ghana.

InfoDev
infoDev is a World Bank Group program that supports high-growth entrepreneurs in developing economies. The program is part of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit of the World Bank Group's Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice.

infoDev connects entrepreneurs with knowledge, funding and mentors through a global network of business incubators. The program has launched Climate Innovation Centers, Mobile Application Labs (mLabs), and Agribusiness Entrepreneurship Centers in developing countries around the world, including the Caribbean, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa and Vietnam.
Martin Azarow
Martin Monroe Azarow (July 4, 1934 – September 8, 2003) was an American film and television actor. He was known for playing Big Al in the 1982 film They Call Me Bruce?.

Born in Brooklyn, New York, Azarow appeared in television programs including Taxi, Remington Steele, T.J. Hooker, It's a Living, L.A. Law, Hill Street Blues, St. Elsewhere, Charlie's Angels, Doogie Howser, M.D., The New Mike Hammer and Hooperman. He also appeared in films such as Some Kind of Hero, Mae West and Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling.

Azarow died on September 8, 2003, in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the age of 69.

Doogie Howser, M.D.
Doogie Howser, M.D. is an American medical sitcom that ran for four seasons on ABC from September 19, 1989, to March 24, 1993, totaling 97 episodes. Created by Steven Bochco and David E. Kelley, the show stars Neil Patrick Harris in the title role as a teenage physician who balances the challenge of practicing medicine with the everyday problems of teenage life.
Benjamin Poponawa
Benjamin Poponawa (born 28 January 1960) is a Papua New Guinea politician. He has been a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea since July 2007, representing the electorate of Tambul-Nebilyer Open. He was initially elected as an independent, but immediately joined the then-governing National Alliance upon his election.

Poponawa first contested the 2002 general election, but was defeated by People's Democratic Movement candidate Mark Anis. He again contested the seat as an independent at the 2007 general election, and was successful despite having trailed for most of the count. He immediately announced his intention to join the governing National Alliance. He was subsequently named as Parliamentary Secretary for Treasury and Finance by Prime Minister Michael Somare.

In January 2012, he joined Don Polye's new Triumph Heritage Empowerment Rural Party. He left the party in May 2014.

2007 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in Papua New Guinea from 30 June 2007 to 14 July 2007.

For the first time, the election did not use first past the post (which has in the past resulted in a very volatile political system, with the election of a candidate being largely a matter of chance due to the large number of candidates), but rather Limited Preferential Voting, in which voters number their three most preferred candidates. PNG Police reported three deaths caused by election-related violence during the election period, a large decrease in the 100 deaths which occurred during the 2002 elections. 11,000 police officers and soldiers were deployed throughout the country to police the elections and keep the peace.

Originally scheduled to end on 10 July, it was decided that the elections would be extended by five days due to delays in transporting ballot boxes caused by bad weather.
Second variation
In the calculus of variations, the second variation extends the idea of the second derivative test to functionals. Much like for functions, at a stationary point where the first derivative is zero, the second derivative determines the nature of the stationary point; it may be negative (if the point is a maximum point), positive (if a minimum) or zero (if a saddle point).

Via the second functional, it is possible to derive powerful necessary conditions for solving variational problems, such as the Legendre–Clebsch condition and the Jacobi necessary condition detailed below.

Derivative test
In calculus, a derivative test uses the derivatives of a function to locate the critical points of a function and determine whether each point is a local maximum, a local minimum, or a saddle point. Derivative tests can also give information about the concavity of a function.

The usefulness of derivatives to find extrema is proved mathematically by Fermat's theorem of stationary points.
2019–20 Welsh Premier Women's League
The 2019–20 Welsh Premier League was the eleventh season of the Women's Welsh Premier League, the top level women's football league in Wales. The season began on 8 September 2019 and was suspended indefinitely in March due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In May, it was confirmed that the season would be deemed complete and an unweighted points per game method would be used to determine the league winner. After an unbeaten season, Swansea City were crowned champions for the fourth time in their history, winning 10 and drawing 1 of their 11 games. Swansea City also reached the final of the WPWL Cup, but their game against Cardiff Met. to decide the winner of the competition did not take place after the FAW National Cup Board terminated the competition.

Alana Murphy of Cardiff City won the Golden Boot after scoring 10 goals in 10 games. Swansea City goalkeeper Deanna Lewis won the Golden Glove after only conceding one goal during the season.

Adran Premier
The Adran Premier  (English: Premier Division, formerly the Welsh Premier Women's League), currently known for sponsorship reasons as Genero Adran Premier, is the highest level of league competition for women's football in Wales. Established in 2009, it is organised by the Football Association of Wales and features four semi-professional teams out of eight. As of 2024, the league is ranked 48th overall by the UEFA Women's association club coefficients.
Peoria Civic Center
Peoria Civic Center is an entertainment complex located in downtown Peoria, Illinois. Designed by Pritzker Prize winning architect Philip Johnson and John Burgee, it has an arena, theater, exhibit hall and meeting rooms. It opened in 1982 and completed an expansion to its lobby and meeting facilities in 2007. On the grounds of the Peoria Civic Center sits the massive Sonar Tide, the last and largest sculpture of the pioneer of abstract minimalism Ronald Bladen.

Pritzker Architecture Prize
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture."  Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.
When the Boat Comes In (song)
"When The Boat Comes In" (or "Dance Ti Thy Daddy") is a traditional English folk song, listed as 2439 in the Roud Folk Song Index. The popular version originates in Northumbria. An early source for the lyrics, Joseph Robson's "Songs of the bards of the Tyne", published 1849, can be found on the FARNE archive.  In FARNE's notes to the song, it is stated that the lyrics were written by William Watson in about 1826.

It was popularised as the theme tune of the 1970s BBC drama serial When The Boat Comes In, in an arrangement by the composer David Fanshawe.

Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world. It is compiled by Steve Roud. Roud's Index is a combination of the Broadside Index (printed sources before 1900) and a "field-recording index" compiled by Roud. It subsumes all the previous printed sources known to Francis James Child (the Child Ballads) and includes recordings from 1900 to 1975. Until early 2006, the index was available by a CD subscription; now it can be found online on the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website, maintained by the English Folk Dance and Song Society (EFDSS). A partial list is also available at List of folk songs by Roud number.
Vallelunga Pratameno
Vallelunga Pratameno (Sicilian: Vaddilonga) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caltanissetta in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Caltanissetta.  
Vallelunga Pratameno borders the following municipalities: Cammarata, Castronovo di Sicilia, Polizzi Generosa, Sclafani Bagni, Valledolmo, Villalba.

Hundreds of Vallelungesi settled in the cities of 
Buffalo and Batavia in the US state of New York in the early 20th century, both communities establishing societies dedicated to Our Lady of Loreto, patroness of Vallelunga at the Buffalo and Batavia churches (both named St. Anthony of Padua Church). The annual feast is celebrated on the fourth Sunday of September.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Bruce Hall (photographer)
Bruce Hall is a legally blind photographer and parent of twins with severe autism.  Some of his work is stored in the Library of Congress.  Hall has stated that he takes pictures in order to be able to see the world more clearly.

Hall has about 5% normal eyesight and severe nystagmus. Fast accurate focusing is his number one priority, and he uses many unique workarounds to achieve the ability to take pictures.  Hall's favorite photography subjects are underwater photography, nature photography, and pictures of his twin boys. He strongly advocates for awareness for the challenges surrounding severe autism.

Nature photography
Nature photography encompasses a wide range of photography taken outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as landscapes, wildlife, plants, and close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to place a stronger emphasis on the aesthetic value of the photo than other photography genres, such as photojournalism and documentary photography.

"Nature photography" overlaps the fields of—and is sometimes considered an overarching category including—"wildlife photography", "landscape photography", and "garden photography".

Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines such as National Geographic Magazine, National Wildlife Magazine and Audubon Magazine or other more specific magazines such as Outdoor Photographer and Nature's Best Photography. Well known nature photographers include Ansel Adams, Eliot Porter, Frans Lanting, Galen Rowell, and Art Wolfe.
Tropaion
A tropaion (Greek: τρόπαιον, Latin: tropaeum), from which the English word "trophy" is derived, was a monument erected to commemorate a victory over one's foes by the ancient Greeks and later, by the Romans. The armour of the defeated foe would be hung upon the monument. Originally, the location of the monument was the battlefield where the commemorated victory took place. Initially, the typical monument was constructed out of a living tree with lateral branches, or it was constructed in the shape of one. After construction, the tropaion was dedicated to a deity in thanksgiving for the victory. Some images of tropaion show many weapons and shields heaped below the armor hoisted upon the monument. In later times, pairs of lances, banners, or stakes set crosswise might be used instead of the tree format.

Aphrodisias
Aphrodisias (/æfrəˈdɪsiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδισιάς, romanized: Aphrodisiás) was a Hellenistic Greek city in the historic Caria cultural region of western Asia Minor, today's Anatolia in Turkey. It is located near the modern village of Geyre, about 100 km (62 mi) east/inland from the coast of the Aegean Sea, and 230 km (140 mi) southeast of İzmir.

Aphrodisias was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. According to the Suda, a Byzantine encyclopedic compilation, before the city became known as Aphrodisias (c. 3rd century BC) it had three previous Greek names: Lelégōn Pólis (Λελέγων πόλις, "City of the Leleges"), Megálē Pólis (Μεγάλη Πόλις, "Great City"), and Ninóē (Νινόη).

Sometime before 640, in the Late Antique period when it was within the Byzantine Empire, the city was renamed Stauropolis (Σταυρούπολις, "City of the Cross").

In 2017, it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list.
Synodianos
Synodianos was very briefly the catepan of Italy in 1042 (February – April). He was appointed by Michael V after the death of the Emperor Michael IV. He immediately demanded the surrender of all the formerly Greek cities of Apulia and began assembling an army to retake them when he was recalled in April 1042 by the Empress Zoe after the death of Michael V.

Michael V Kalaphates
Michael V Kalaphates (Ancient Greek: Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, Michaḗl Kalaphátēs) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 1041–1042. He was the nephew and successor of Michael IV and the adoptive son of Michael IV's wife Empress Zoe. He was popularly called "the Caulker" (Kalaphates) in accordance with his father's original occupation.
Holy Cross College (UK)
Holy Cross College is a coeducational Roman Catholic sixth form college in Bury, Greater Manchester, England. Originally a single-sex school, it was founded by religious sisters in 1878 and later became Bury Convent Grammar School. When the college adopted its current name in 1979, it also opened up to male students. It became a University Centre in 1999.

As of 2020, the college has around 2000 sixth form students and 600 undergraduate students. It received the rating 'Good' in its Ofsted inspection of March 2024.

Sixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution, where students aged 16 to 19 study typically for advanced post-school level qualifications such as A Levels, Business and Technology Education Council level 3 (BTEC), and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations and BTEC level 2 qualifications. In many countries this type of educational institute is known as a junior college. The municipal government of the city of Paris uses the phrase 'sixth form college' as the English name for a lycée (high school).
Colby Burnett
Colby Burnett is the first Jeopardy! contestant to have won both the Teachers Tournament and the Tournament of Champions. Burnett, who at the time was a teacher at Fenwick High School in Oak Park, Illinois, won the Teachers Tournament in November 2012. A few months later in February 2013, Burnett won the show's Tournament of Champions, taking home the $250,000 grand prize. He later appeared on season 3 of TBS's reality game show King of the Nerds. Governor Pat Quinn named December 18 as "Colby Burnett Day" in Illinois. In 2014, Burnett competed in the Battle of the Decades, making it to the semifinals, where he lost to Roger Craig.

King of the Nerds
King of the Nerds is an American reality competition series co-produced by Electus and 5x5 Media. It was inspired by the Revenge of the Nerds films. The show is hosted by actors and executive producers Robert Carradine and Curtis Armstrong, known for their roles as Lewis Skolnick and Dudley "Booger" Dawson, respectively, in Revenge of the Nerds. The series premiered on January 17, 2013, on TBS. The show features nerds and geeks with diverse backgrounds and interests competing in various challenges for a cash prize of $100,000 and the title of "King of the Nerds". Following a three-season run, the series was cancelled by TBS.
Parpaillon massif
The Parpaillon massif (French: massif du Parpaillon, pronounced [masif dy paʁpajɔ̃]) are a massif in the French Alps. It serves as the boundary between the departments of Hautes-Alpes to the north and the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence to the south. Additionally, it separates the Embrun region from the Ubaye valley. The massif extends from the Serre-Ponçon lake in the west to the Col de Vars, which distinguishes it from the Escreins massif, and to the middle Ubaye valley in the southeast, near Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye, where it is bordered by the Mercantour-Argentera massif and the Chambeyron massif.

Hautes-Alpes
Hautes-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ot.z‿alp] ⓘ; Occitan: Auts Aups; English: Upper Alps) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is located in the heart of the French Alps, after which it is named. Hautes-Alpes had a population of 141,220 as of 2019, which makes it the third least populated French department. Its prefecture is Gap; its sole subprefecture is Briançon. Its INSEE and postal code is 05.
Santa Ynez Stakes
The Santa Ynez Stakes is a Listed American thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of seven furlongs on the dirt track held annually in early January at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California, USA.  The event currently offers a purse of US$100,000.

Serena's Song
Serena's Song (foaled April 4, 1992) is an American Thoroughbred race horse. She won 17 graded stakes races, including 11 Grade I (some against males and older mares), in three seasons for $3,286,388 in earnings.
Whitney Avenue
Whitney Avenue is a principal arterial connecting Downtown New Haven with the town center of Hamden in the U.S. state of Connecticut. Most of the road within the city of New Haven is included in the Whitney Avenue Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The designation begins at Grove Street in the northern part of Downtown New Haven and extends through the town of Hamden up to the Cheshire town line. North of Dixwell Avenue in Hamden Center, the road is a state highway and designated as part of Route 10. From the New Haven town line to Dixwell Avenue, the road is state-maintained with an unsigned designation of State Road 707. Within New Haven, Whitney Avenue is a town road. Connecticut Transit New Haven Routes 228 and 229, which connect New Haven to Hamden and Waterbury respectively, run along Whitney Avenue.

Whitney Avenue is named after Eli Whitney, Jr., whose factory was located by the Mill River near the road.

Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney Jr. (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor, widely known for inventing the cotton gin in 1793, one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution that shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States and prolonged the institution. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost much of his profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his attention to securing contracts with the government in the manufacture of muskets for the newly formed United States Army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825.
Longhorn Cavern State Park
Longhorn Cavern State Park is a state park located in Burnet County, Texas, United States. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is administrator of the facility. The land for Longhorn Cavern State Park was acquired between 1932 and 1937 from private owners. It was dedicated as a state park in 1932 and in 1938 was opened to the public. In 1971, the cavern was dedicated as a National Natural Landmark. The park's administration building was listed as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1989.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.