hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Freeman (New Zealand cricketer)
Thomas Alfred Freeman (16 April 1923 – 20 June 2003) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played seventeen first-class matches for Otago between the 1943–44 and 1949–50 seasons.

Freeman was born at Balclutha in Otago in 1923 and educated at Otago Boys' High School in Dunedin. He worked as a teacher. Following his death in 2003 an obituary was published in the 2004 New Zealand Cricket Almanack. Freeman's son, Barry Freeman, also played for Otago.

Balclutha, New Zealand
Balclutha (Māori: Iwikatea) is a town in South Otago, lying towards the end of the Clutha River, on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is about halfway between Dunedin and Gore on the Main South Line railway, State Highway 1 and the Southern Scenic Route. Balclutha has a population of 4,460 (as of June 2025), and is the largest town in South Otago.

The Clutha District Council is based in Balclutha.

The major service centre for the fertile farming region around the lower reaches of the Clutha River, it is also the nearest large town to the Catlins, a scenic region of native forest, wildlife, and rugged coastline.
Clarinet Concerto No. 1 (Weber)
Carl Maria von Weber wrote his Clarinet Concerto No. 1 in F minor, Op. 73 (J. 114) for the clarinettist Heinrich Bärmann in 1811. The piece is highly regarded in the instrument's repertoire. It is written for clarinet in B♭.  The work consists of three movements in the form of fast, slow, fast.  It was premiered in Munich on 13 June 1811, with Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria in attendance.

Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
Maximilian I Joseph (German: Maximilian I. Josef; 27 May 1756 – 13 October 1825) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1799, prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.
Marine engineering
Marine engineering is the engineering of watercrafts, ocean systems, and ocean structures. After completing this degree, one can join a ship as an officer in the engine department and eventually rise to the rank of chief engineer. This rank is one of the top ranks onboard and is equal to the rank of a ship's captain. Marine engineering is the highly preferred course to join the merchant Navy as an officer, as it provides ample opportunities in terms of both afloat and ashore jobs.

Marine engineering applies a number of engineering sciences, including mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, and computer Engineering, to the development, design, operation and maintenance of watercraft propulsion and ocean systems. It includes but is not limited to power and propulsion plants, machinery, piping, automation and control systems for marine vehicles of any kind, as well as coastal and offshore structures.

Control system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The control systems are designed via control engineering process.

For continuously modulated control, a feedback controller is used to automatically control a process or operation.   The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint (SP), and applies the difference as a control signal to bring the process variable output of the plant to the same value as the setpoint.

For sequential and combinational logic, software logic, such as in a programmable logic controller, is used.
Crime in Brazil
Crime is a persistent issue that affects the population either directly or indirectly in Brazil. The country has above-average global levels of violent crime, with particularly high rates of gun violence and homicides. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Brazil had an intentional homicide rate of 19.28 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2023, down from 20.08 in 2022 and 31.16 in 2017.

In 2025, Brazil recorded 34,086 homicides, down from 38,374 homicides reported in 2024. This decline continues a trend that began in 2020, with a 25% reduction in homicides since then. The homicide rate in Brazil for 2025 was 16 per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest in over a decade.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna, adopting the current name in 2002.

The agency's focus is the trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and political corruption. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. In 2022–23, it had an estimated biannual budget of US$822 million.
Manamelkudi
Manamelkudi is a coastal town in Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located in the southeast of the district, on the Palk Strait coast. State Highway 200 runs through the town, which is the headquarters and namesake of Manamelkudi taluk. The town, which is spread over 1135 hectares, had a population of 7,033 in 2011, resulting in an average population density of 619.6/km2 (1,604.9/sq mi).

Palk Strait
Palk Strait is a strait between the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It links the Palk Bay in the Bay of Bengal to the Gulf of Mannar in the Laccadive Sea. It stretches for about 137 km (85 mi) and is 64 to 137 km (40 to 85 mi) wide. It is named after Robert Palk, who was a governor of Madras (1755–1763) during the Company Raj period.

Several rivers including the Vaigai flow into the strait. The strait consists of many islands and is interspersed with a chain of low islands and reef shoals that are collectively called Ram Setu or Adam's Bridge. The shallow waters and reefs make it difficult for large ships to pass through, although fishing boats and small craft navigate the waters. Dredging the sea to make it deeper for navigation and plans for a bridge over the waters have been proposed.
Ron Fisher (tennis)
Ronald W. Fisher (born August 28, 1939) is an American former tennis player.

Fisher, a player from Houston, played collegiate tennis for Rice University. An All-American for the Rice Owls, he was Southwest Conference singles and doubles champion in both 1958 and 1959. He made the singles third round of the 1961 U.S. National Championships and featured overseas at Wimbledon, reaching a doubles fourth round in 1963.

A mathematics graduate from Rice University, Fisher went on to work at IBM for 32-years and has served on the committee of USTA Texas. He is a member of Rice's Athletic Hall of Fame and the Texas Tennis Hall of Fame.

United States Tennis Association
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.

The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year.

The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro. The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals.
2015 King's Cup
The 2015 King's Cup is an international football competition, the 43rd edition of the tournament. It was a group tournament, with all matches held at the 80th Birthday Stadium in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand between 1 February and 7 February.

This edition features the hosts Thailand and three invited teams (Honduras, South Korea U-23 and Uzbekistan).

Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.
Results of the 2025 New Zealand territorial authority elections in Manawatū-Whanganui
Elections for the territorial authorities of New Zealand were held from 9 September until 11 October 2025 as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. 709 local councillors and 66 mayors were elected across 66 of 67 councils.

7 territorial authorities are located within the Manawatū-Whanganui Region. 7 mayors and 79 district and city councillors were elected.

Territorial authorities of New Zealand
The territorial authorities of New Zealand are the country's municipal local government entities, existing alongside the country's regional councils. There are 67 such authorities, including 12 city councils, 53 district councils and 2 sui generis councils (Auckland Council and Chatham Islands Council). Five territorial authorities also have the powers of regional councils, and these are called unitary authorities.

Territorial authorities are not subservient to regional councils, and several of them have jurisdictions overlapping multiple regional council areas. Territorial authorities are responsible for the administration of local matters and resources. These include roads, building consents, water supply and sanitation, amongst other responsibilities. They are not responsible for broader regional environmental management or public transport, as those are the responsibilities of the regional councils.
Oviñana (Cudillero)
Oviñana (Asturian Ouviñana) is one of nine parishes in the Cudillero municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 529 (INE 2007).

Oviñana is well known due to the Cape Vidio, which has a wonderful view of the Cantabrian Sea. The cape has 90 m  (300 ft) cliffs, in which many sea birds live, such as seagulls or cormorants. There are also many beaches. The best-known beaches in the village are Vallina, El Sablón, Gayo, El Gayín, Cueva, Peñadoria, Gradas, San Cidiellu, Maurieyu, Purtiella, Puerto Chico and Castrillón.

There are many festivities in Oviñana, but the most important ones are the Carnival ("Antroxu"), celebrated in February; La Jira, the first weekend in July; and San Roque, 15–17 August.

Cantabrian Sea
The Cantabrian Sea is the term used mostly in Spain to describe the coastal sea of the Atlantic Ocean that borders the northern coast of Spain and the southwest side of the Atlantic coast of France, included in the Bay of Biscay. It extends from Cabo Ortegal in the province of A Coruña, to the mouth of the river Adour, near the city of Bayonne on the coast of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in French Basque Country. The Cantabrian Sea contains the Avilés Canyons System.

The sea borders 800 km (500 mi) of coastline shared by the Spanish provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Asturias, Cantabria, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, and the French area of Labourd.
Anne Twomey (actress)
Anne Carolyn Twomey (born June 7, 1951) is an American former actress. She earned critical acclaim for her performance in the 1980 play Nuts, for which she won the Theatre World Award and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play.

Theatre World Award
The Theatre World Award is an American honor presented annually to actors and actresses in recognition of an outstanding New York City stage debut performance, either on Broadway or off-Broadway. It was first awarded for the 1945–1946 theatre season.
Emmanuel Coquelet
Emmanuel Coquelet (born 27 February 1975) is a French former professional footballer who played as a forward. He was voted Luxembourgish Footballer of the Year in 2007–08, also becoming top goalscorer in the same year.

Luxembourgish Footballer of the Year
The Luxembourgish Footballer of the Year is an award granted every season to a football player from Luxembourg's domestic top-flight National Division, rewarding the player judged to have been the most valuable to his team that season.  It is awarded by the sports desk of Luxemburger Wort, Luxembourg's most-read daily newspaper.  It has been awarded every year since 1988, and has been named the Guy Greffrath Challenge after Guy Greffrath, the long-time sports editor at Luxemburger Wort, since 1997.
Maggie Cheng
Maggie Xiaoyan Cheng is an applied mathematician and computer scientist who works as a professor of applied mathematics at the Illinois Institute of Technology, where she directs the Center for Interdisciplinary Scientific Computation. Her research interests include cyber security and Machine Learning.

Illinois Institute of Technology
The Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university's historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.
Hamoud Al-Jaifi
Hamoud Al-Jaifi (Arabic: حمود الجائفي) (1918 – 22 March 1985) was a Yemeni politician, diplomat and military officer. He served as Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic from 29 April 1964 to 6 January 1965, under President Abdullah as-Sallal.

President of the Yemen Arab Republic
The President of the Yemen Arab Republic, officially the Chairman of the Republican Council of the Yemen Arab Republic, was the head of state in the former North Yemen from 1962 to 1990. There were six presidents of North Yemen.
All-Russian Confederation of Labour
The All-Russian Confederation of Labour (Russian: Всероссийская конфедерация труда) (VKT) was a national trade union center in Russia. It was formed August 17, 1995, and had a membership of 1.27 million.

The VKT, along with the Confederation of Labour of Russia, publishes the Ob’edinennaya profsoyuznaya gazeta.

The VKT is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, and the General Confederation of Trade Unions.

In April 2010, the VKT and the Confederation of Labour of Russia (KTR) merged. The President of the VKT, Boris Kravchenko, was appointed to the post of General Secretary of the KTR. Then, on May 15 of the same year, the seventh extraordinary congress of the VKT was held, at which it was decided to terminate the activities of the trade union association and join the Confederation of Labour of Russia.

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.
2021 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Tanzanian-born British novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah (born 1948) who the Swedish Academy members praised "for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents." The winner was announced on October 7, 2021, by Mats Malm, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy.

He is the second black African writer to win the prize since 1986 laureate Wole Soyinka, and the 4th black writer since 1993 laureate Toni Morrison. He also is the 13th British writer and the 6th writer from Africa (including Doris Lessing, from Zimbabwe) to become a Nobel laureate in Literature.

Mats Malm
Mats Ulrik Malm (born 10 May 1964) is a Swedish literary writer and translator. On 18 October 2018, Malm was elected a member of the Swedish Academy, on 26 April 2019 he was elected the new Permanent Secretary and Speaker of the Swedish Academy.

Mats Malm is a university professor of literary science at the University of Gothenburg. He has a PhD in Gothicism. As a translator, he has published Icelandic Sagas. He is working on digitizing Swedish literature as director of the Swedish Literature Bank. Since 2012, Malm has been a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities. On 18 October 2018, Malm was elected member of the Swedish Academy, where he succeeded Klas Östergren in Chair No. 11. On 20 December 2025, Malm announced he would step down from his office as Permanent Secretary and will be succeeded by Ingrid Carlberg.
2017 Japan Women's Open
The 2017 Japan Women's Open (also known as the Hashimoto Sogyo Japan Women's Open for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the ninth edition of the Japan Women's Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2017 WTA Tour. It was held at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan, from September 11 through September 17, 2017. Unseeded Zarina Diyas, who qualified for the main draw, won the singles title.

Ariake Coliseum
35°38′11″N 139°47′25″E﻿ / ﻿35.6364°N 139.7903°E﻿ / 35.6364; 139.7903

Ariake Coliseum (有明コロシアム, Ariake Koroshiamu) is an indoor sporting arena in Ariake Tennis Park located in Ariake, Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. It has a capacity of 10,000 and is one of the few professional tennis venues which has a retractable roof.

When Ariake Coluseum first opened, it had no roof, but its sliding roof was installed in April 1991, making it the first stadium in Japan with a retractable roof, and the third overall after the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne and the SkyDome in Toronto.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revue
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revue is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City.

The category, recognizing the mixed nature of revue productions (as compared to plays or musical productions), was first presented at the 1991 ceremony, as the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Revue/Entertainment, changing to the shorter name in 1992.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Wysoka, Starogard County
Wysoka [vɨˈsɔka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobowo, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Wysoka was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tczew County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), several Polish families from Wysoka were expelled and their farms were handed over to Germans as part of the Lebensraum policy.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Phlegmariurus mannii
Phlegmariurus mannii, synonym Huperzia mannii, is a species of lycopod, known by the common names Mann's clubmoss and wawaeʻiole. It is endemic to Hawaii, where there are only six populations remaining. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.

This plant is an epiphyte which grows upon other plants, especially koa (Acacia koa), ʻolapa (Cheirodendron trigynum), and kawaʻu (Ilex anomala). It has a hanging, branching, reddish stem no more than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long. Each branch has three longitudinal rows of toothlike leaves. When reproducing, the plant produces a branching fruiting spike which may be up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long.

Today the plant is known from just a few occurrences on the islands of Maui and Hawaii. It is historically known from Kauai, but it may be extirpated there. Its survival is threatened by habitat damage caused by feral pigs, cattle, and Introduced plant species, as well as its low population.

Feral pig
A feral pig is a domestic pig which has gone feral, meaning it lives in the wild. The term feral pig has also been applied to wild boars, which can interbreed with domestic pigs. They are found mostly in the Americas and Australia. Razorback and wild hog are sometimes used in the United States in reference to feral pigs or boar–pig hybrids.
Operation IA Feature
Operation IA Feature, a covert Central Intelligence Agency operation, authorized U.S. government support for Jonas Savimbi's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and Holden Roberto's National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) militants in the Angolan Civil War. It was closely linked with parallel efforts by South Africa (Operation Savannah) and Zaire. President Gerald Ford approved the program on July 18, 1975 despite strong opposition from officials in the State Department and the CIA. The program's discovery shocked Congress into barring further U.S. involvement in Angola's Civil War through the Clark Amendment.

Ford told William Colby, the Director of Central Intelligence, to "go ahead and do it," with an initial USD $6 million in funding. He granted an additional $8 million in funding on July 27 and another $25 million in August.

Holden Roberto
Álvaro Holden Necaca Roberto Diasiwa (Angolan Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈal.va.ɾu ˈolden ɾoˈbeʁtu]; January 12, 1923 – August 2, 2007) was an Angolan politician who founded and led the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) from 1962 to 1999.
Cargo Muchacho Mountains
The Cargo Muchacho Mountains are located in the southeast Colorado Desert in the Lower Colorado River Valley, in Imperial County, California in the United States. Much of the range's geology was described by the geologist John T. Dillon.

Colorado Desert
The Colorado Desert is a part of the larger Sonoran Desert located in California, United States, and Baja California, Mexico. It encompasses approximately 7 million acres (2,800,000 ha; 28,000 km2), including the heavily irrigated Coachella, Imperial and Mexicali valleys. It is home to many unique flora and fauna.