hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nature photography
Nature photography encompasses a wide range of photography taken outdoors and devoted to displaying natural elements such as landscapes, wildlife, plants, and close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to place a stronger emphasis on the aesthetic value of the photo than other photography genres, such as photojournalism and documentary photography.

"Nature photography" overlaps the fields of—and is sometimes considered an overarching category including—"wildlife photography", "landscape photography", and "garden photography".

Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines such as National Geographic Magazine, National Wildlife Magazine and Audubon Magazine or other more specific magazines such as Outdoor Photographer and Nature's Best Photography. Well known nature photographers include Ansel Adams, Eliot Porter, Frans Lanting, Galen Rowell, and Art Wolfe.

National Wildlife
National Wildlife is an American magazine published quarterly by the National Wildlife Federation (NWF), a nonprofit conservation group. In publication since 1962, and with an emphasis on wildlife conservation and natural history, it is designed to inform NWF’s Associate Members and other readers about key issues relating to the nation's natural resources and environment.
The Story So Far (Divine album)
The Story So Far is a compilation album by American performance artist Divine, originally released in 1984. It is Divine's most successful album on both sides of the Atlantic.

With songwriting and music production by Mike Stock, Matt Aitken, and Pete Waterman (collectively known as Stock Aitken Waterman), as well as Bobby Orlando, the album became especially sought after by avid synthesizer-based club/dance music fans. The album includes the hit single "You Think You're a Man", which reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart.

Mike Stock
Michael Stock (born 3 December 1951) is an English songwriter, record producer, musician, and member of the songwriting and production trio Stock Aitken Waterman. He has been responsible for over a hundred top-40 hits in the UK, including 16 number ones and is recognised as one of the most successful songwriters of all time by the Guinness World Records. As part of Stock Aitken Waterman in the 1980s and 90s, he holds the UK record of 11 number one records with different acts. In the UK Singles Chart he has written 54 top-ten hits including 7 number ones.
William McKay
Lt.-Colonel William McKay (1772 – 18 August 1832) is remembered for leading the Canadian Forces to victory at the Siege of Prairie du Chien during the War of 1812. After the war, he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs at Drummond Island in what was then Upper Canada. Previous to the war, McKay was a noted fur trader who had travelled widely in Canada. He was a partner of the North West Company and a member of the Beaver Club at Montreal, Quebec. He was a brother of Alexander McKay, who accompanied Sir Alexander Mackenzie to the Pacific Ocean in 1793.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Tokyo University of Agriculture Botanical Garden
The Tokyo University of Agriculture Botanical Garden (東京農業大学植物園, Tōkyō Nōgyō Daigaku Shokubutsuen) is a botanical garden operated by the Tokyo University of Agriculture, and located at 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan.

The garden was established in 1967, and now cultivates about 1,500 species of useful plants, including  collections of Cactaceae and other succulents (such as Agave, Euphorbia, Kalanchoe, Stapelia, Sansevieria), Iris, Lilium, Paeonia, Rosa, Syringa, as well as flora of Asia and the Far East, Kazakhstan, Europe, the Americas, and medicinal plants and conifers such as Podocarpus. In addition, 310 species of wild plants grow in the garden.

Sansevieria
Sansevieria is a historically recognized genus of flowering plants, native to Africa, notably Madagascar, and southern Asia, now included in the genus Dracaena on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies. Common names for the 70 or so species formerly placed in the genus include mother-in-law's tongue, devil's tongue, jinn's tongue, bow string hemp, snake plant and snake tongue. In the APG III classification system, Dracaena is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Convallarioideae (formerly subfamily Nolinoideae); before that it was placed in family Ruscaceae. It has also been placed in the former family Dracaenaceae.
Parish of Gundy
Gundy Parish  is a civil parish of Gordon County, New South Wales. a Cadastral divisions of New South Wales.

The  parish is on the Macquarie River at the confluence with the Bell River and the only town in the parish is (West) Wellington, New South Wales. the nearest town.

Arthurville railway station on the (now disused) Molong–Dubbo railway line is in the parish.

Gordon County, New South Wales
Gordon County is one of the 141 cadastral divisions of New South Wales.  The Macquarie River is the north-eastern boundary.

Gordon County was named in honour of George Hamilton Gordon, Fourth Earl of Aberdeen (1784–1860).
Amalia Mesa-Bains
Amalia Mesa-Bains (born July 10, 1943), is a Chicana curator, author, visual artist, and educator. She is best known for her large-scale installations that reference home altars and ofrendas. Her work engages in a conceptual exploration of Mexican American women's spiritual practices that addresses colonial and imperial histories of display, the recovery of cultural memory, and their roles in identity formation.

In her writing, she examines the formation of Chicana identity and aesthetic practices, the shared experiences of historically marginalized communities in the United States, especially among women of color, and the role of multiculturalism within museums and cultural institutions. Her essay, "Domesticana: The Sensibility of Chicana Rasquache," theorized domesticana as a set of aesthetic strategies that use spaces and experiences historically associated with Mexican American women as sites for Chicana feminist reclamation.

Cultural memory
Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. The theory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past. It has become a topic in both historiography, which emphasizes the process of forming cultural memory, and cultural studies, which emphasizes the implications and objects of cultural memory.

Two schools of thought have emerged: one articulates that the present shapes our understanding of the past, while the other assumes that the past has an influence on our present behavior. It has, however, been pointed out  that these two approaches are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

The idea of cultural memory draws heavily on European social anthropology, especially German and French. It is not well established in the English-speaking world.
Los Fermines
Los Fermines is a hamlet that is part of Municipality of Antonio Díaz, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Located on the slopes of Cerro Valle Hondo. The hamlet is divided by the following sectors: Sucre street, Libertad street (Boulevard Etanislao Lao Marcano 1992), José Augusto Millán street, Las Huertas, Puerto e 'Tabla, El Rincón del Perro, Concha e' Coco, El Dique y Calle la Feria. Los Fermines has several aquifer resources, including the San Juan River that supplies water to the Dique de San Juan.

Nueva Esparta
The Nueva Esparta State (in Spanish: Estado Nueva Esparta, pronounced [esˈtaðo ˈnweβa esˈpaɾta]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. It comprises Margarita Island, Coche, and the lightly inhabited Cubagua.

The state is located off the northeast Caribbean coast of Venezuela. The main island of Margarita has an area of 1,020 km2 (390 sq mi).  Its capital city is La Asunción, and the main urban center is Porlamar.
1977 French Open – Women's singles
Mima Jaušovec defeated Florența Mihai in the final, 6–2, 6–7(5–7), 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1977 French Open. It was her first and only major title.

Sue Barker was the reigning champion, but chose not to defend her title.

Florența Mihai
Florența Mihai (Romanian pronunciation: [floˈrent͡sa miˈhaj]; 2 September 1955 – 14 October 2015) was a professional tennis player from Romania.

She was the runner-up in two events at the 1977 French Open. She lost in the singles final to Mima Jaušovec in three sets, and with partner Iván Molina, lost in the mixed doubles final to John McEnroe and Mary Carillo.

With Virginia Ruzici, Mihai won gold medals in the doubles at Summer Universiades in 1977, 1979, and 1981.
Framtia
Framtia (lit. 'The Future') is a local weekly Norwegian newspaper, published on Wednesdays in Ørnes in Nordland county. It covers events in Meløy Municipality and Gildeskål Municipality.

The newspaper is published by Mediehuset Meløy AS, and it first appeared on July 4, 2008. Framtia obtained a press subsidy from the government after its first year of publication. The paper's chief editor and general manager is Ingunn Dahle.

Mediehuset Meløy AS also published the monthly profile magazine IndustriFolk, which is funded by partners in the business community of the Meløy region. Mediehuset Meløy AS had a turnover of NOK 4.8 million in 2015 and is owned by Edmund Ulsnæs (96%) and Meløy Økonomisenter (4%).

Gildeskål Municipality
Gildeskål is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Bodø Region and the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Inndyr. Other villages include Forstranda, Lekanger, Mevik, Mårnes, Nygårdsjøen, Saura, Storvik, Sør-Arnøy, Sørfinnset, and Våg.

The 665-square-kilometre (257 sq mi) municipality is the 170th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gildeskål Municipality is the 285th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,958. The municipality's population density is 2.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.2% over the previous 10-year period.
1987 International Formula 3000 Championship
The 1987 International Formula 3000 season was the third season of FIA Formula 3000 motor racing. It featured the 1987 Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship, which was contested over an eleven round series in which 23 different teams, 53 different drivers, 4 different chassis constructors and 3 different engines manufacturers competed. The championship was won by Stefano Modena who drove a March 87B Ford Cosworth for Onyx Racing ahead of Lola Motorsport driver Luis Perez Sala.

Lola Cars
Lola Cars Limited is a British automobile manufacturer founded in 1958 by Eric Broadley in Bromley, England. The company is now owned by Till Bechtolsheimer, who purchased it in 2022. Lola Cars endured for more than fifty years to become one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of racing cars in the world. Lola started by building small front-engine sports cars, and branched out into Formula Junior cars before diversifying into a wider range of sporting vehicles. In 2012, Lola Cars stopped operations. Lola returned to motorsport in 2024 by joining the Formula E World Championship as an entrant and a powertrain supplier in a technical partnership with Yamaha.
Phenyl isocyanate
Phenyl isocyanate is an organic compound typically abbreviated PhNCO. The molecule consists of a phenyl ring attached to the isocyanate functional group.  It is a colourless liquid that reacts with water. Phenyl isocyanate has a strong odor and tearing vapours, therefore it has to be handled with care.

Characteristic of other isocyanates, it reacts with amines to give ureas. Similarly, reacts with alcohols to form carbamates.

It is used in addition with triethylamine to activate nitro groups to undergo (C,O) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (as opposed to O,O). The nitro group (RCH2NO2) is converted to oxime-like dimers in the reaction:

4 PhNCO + 2 RCH2NO2 → 2(PhNH)2CO + 2 CO2 + (RCNO)2

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring. The earliest 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions were described in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, following the discovery of 1,3-dipoles. Mechanistic investigation and synthetic application were established in the 1960s, primarily through the work of Rolf Huisgen. Hence, the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Huisgen cycloaddition (this term is often used to specifically describe the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an organic azide and an alkyne to generate 1,2,3-triazole). 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is an important route to the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of five-membered heterocycles and their ring-opened acyclic derivatives. The dipolarophile is typically an alkene or alkyne, but can be other pi systems. When the dipolarophile is an alkyne, aromatic rings are generally produced.
Samuel Poghisio
Samuel Losuron Poghisio is a Kenyan politician who served as the Majority Leader of the Kenyan Senate. He belongs to the Kenya African National Union - KANU and was previously a member of the United Republican Party - URP and the Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya and was elected to represent the Kacheliba Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.

He was first elected to the parliament in 1988, and also in 1997 and 2002. Until 2007 elections he represented the KANU party.

His Kacheliba Constituency parliamentary seat was taken over by Mark Lomunokol in the 2013 elections having opted to vie for the Senatorial seat unsuccessfully.

He is currently serving as the Senator for West Pokot County as from 2017 - 2022

National Assembly (Kenya)
The National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya (formerly House of Representatives) is one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Kenya. Between 1966 and 2013, it served as a unicameral house. In 2013 (11th Parliament), it became the lower house when the Senate was reestablished.

It has a total of 349 seats: 290 elected from the constituencies, 47 women elected from the counties and 12 nominated representatives. The Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya serves as an ex officio member.

The High Court of Kenya ordered lawmakers to introduce gender quotas, or face dissolution in the mid-2010s, following the implementation of the 2010 Constitution.
Penny Johnson
Penelope Jane Johnson CBE (born 23 June 1956) was Director of the Government Art Collection from 1997 to 2022.  In 2023 she was a trustee of the Bridget Riley Art Foundation, and was a judge for the Rugby Open 23 exhibition.

She was educated at St. Helen's School, the University of East Anglia (BA, 1978) and the University of Manchester. She was made a CBE in the 2010 New Year Honours.

Before taking up the  post at the Government Art Collection she had worked in museums and galleries including the Towner Art Gallery and Museum, Eastbourne and Stoke-on-Trent City Museum and Art Gallery,

Towner Eastbourne
50°45′46″N 0°16′59″E﻿ / ﻿50.76278°N 0.282947°E﻿ / 50.76278; 0.282947

Towner Eastbourne (formerly Towner Art Gallery) is an art gallery located in Eastbourne, East Sussex, on the south coast of England. The gallery hosts one of the most significant public art collections in the South of England and draws over 100,000 visitors a year. It was described by ITV News as "the region's biggest art gallery" in 2017.

It was established with a bequest in 1920, from John Chisholm Towner who had served as a local alderman. It was first homed in Manor Gardens, adjacent to Gildredge Park in the Old Town area of Eastbourne. Opening there in 1923, it closed when the building was sold in 2005. In 2009, it re-opened in a purpose-built facility adjacent to the Congress Theatre, near Eastbourne's seafront. The venue will host the 2023 Turner Prize.
Ernolatia moorei
Ernolatia moorei is a moth in the family Bombycidae first described by Thomas Hutton in 1865. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, southern China, Borneo and Taiwan.

The wingspan is 30–35 mm.

The larvae feed on the leaves of Ficus superba. They reach a length of 4.4 mm when full grown.

Ficus superba
Ficus superba, also known as sea fig or deciduous fig, is a hemiepiphytic tree of genus Ficus. It is one of the species known as banyans or "strangler figs" because of its potential to grow as a hemi-epiphyte and eventually progress to the strangling habit of species in this subgenus. It is, however, not an obligate hemi-epiphyte and can be found growing as single stemmed trees in forests. It is found in Japan, Taiwan, Australia, and China, as well as various parts of Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, Vietnam, Java, Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Seram Island, and Peninsular Malaysia. According to E.J.H. Corner, if this fig germinates in a boulder field its roots can extend "extraordinary distances, up to several hundred feet" over and between the rocks.
Rugby union at the 1969 South Pacific Games
Rugby union at the 1969 South Pacific Games was hosted at Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. Fiji were hot favourites in the tournament and delivered on that promise to comfortably win gold.

Hosts Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands and Wallis and Futuna also took part in the tournament.

1969 South Pacific Games
The 3rd South Pacific Games, also known as Port Moresby 1969 (Tok Pisin: Pot Mosbi 1969), held on 13–23 August 1969 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, was the third edition of the South Pacific Games. A total of 1,150 athletes participated in the games.
French Flat
French Flat or French Camp now a ghost town was in Tuolumne County, California.  It was located near French Flat from which it took its name, one and a half miles south southwest of Tuttletown. Its location was near the flat, northwest of an 1,894-foot (577 m) mountain.

Tuttletown, California
Tuttletown (formerly, Mormon Gulch and Tuttleville) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tuolumne County, California. It is located on State Route 49 near the gold rush community of Columbia.  Tuttletown sits at an elevation of 1,047 feet (319 m). The 2020 United States census reported Tuttletown's population was 787.
David Harel
David Harel (Hebrew: דוד הראל; born 12 April 1950) is a computer scientist, currently serving as President of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. He has been on the faculty of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel since 1980, and holds the William Sussman Professorial Chair of Mathematics. Born in London, England, he was Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the institute for seven years.

Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (or simply Weizmann; Hebrew: מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) was established in 1934 as a public research university in Rehovot, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.

The institute is now a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute.  Unlike other Israeli universities, it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural and exact sciences.

As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners.
Karasuk (inhabited locality)
Karasuk (Russian: Карасук) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Karasuk, Novosibirsk Oblast, a town in Karasuksky District, Novosibirsk Oblast

Rural localities

Karasuk, Altai Krai, a selo in Kokshinsky Selsoviet of Sovetsky District of Altai Krai

Karasuk, Altai Republic, a selo in Kyzyl-Ozekskoye Rural Settlement of Mayminsky District of the Altai Republic

Karasuk, Republic of Khakassia, a village in Bolsheyerbinsky Selsoviet of Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia

Karasuk, Novosibirsk Oblast
Karasuk (Russian: Карасу́к; Kazakh: Қарасуық, Qarasuyq) is a town and the administrative center of Karasuksky District in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Karasuk River 678 kilometers (421 mi) west of Novosibirsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  28,586 (2010 Census); 28,734 (2002 Census); 29,401 (1989 Soviet census).
DASH (bus)
DASH is the main public transit bus operator in the Northern Virginia city of Alexandria. DASH provides bus service within the City of Alexandria, connecting to local and regional public transit services in the Washington metropolitan area. DASH operates throughout the city of Alexandria, with 124 buses on eleven routes. DASH buses serve all five Washington Metro stations within Alexandria city limits, with additional hubs at the Mark Center Building, the former Landmark Mall, and The Pentagon. DASH buses carry over five million passengers annually as of 2024.

DASH is operated by the Alexandria Transit Company (ATC), a non-profit corporation wholly owned by the City of Alexandria. ATC is governed by an eleven-person board of directors elected by the city council. The Alexandria Transit Company was formed to supplement the regional rail and bus service provided by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) and to provide a local bus service to the City of Alexandria.

Mark Center Building
The Mark Center Building is a United States military installation and office building in Alexandria, Virginia. It is operated by the Washington Headquarters Services (WHS) of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and provides office space for several other DoD agencies. The name of the site refers to the "Mark Center" property development, which is located at the intersection of Seminary Road and Beauregard Street at the Interstate 395 interchange.

Sixteen acres of the site were sold to the federal government and are administratively considered part of Fort Belvoir. It is the tallest building constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers.
Meteor Lake
Meteor Lake is the codename for Core Ultra Series 1 mobile processors, designed by Intel and officially released on December 14, 2023. It is the first generation of Intel mobile processors to use a chiplet architecture which means that the processor is a multi-chip module. Meteor Lake's design effort was led by Tim Wilson.

AV1
AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) is an open, royalty-free video coding format initially designed for video transmissions over the Internet. It was developed as a successor to VP9 by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia), a consortium founded in 2015 that includes semiconductor firms, video on demand providers, video content producers, software development companies and web browser vendors. The AV1 bitstream specification includes a reference video codec. In 2018, Facebook re-encoded 400 compressed Facebook videos with AV1, VP9, and x264 and found AV1 delivered around 34% lower bitrates than VP9 and about 50% lower than x264 at similar visual quality, though encoding was much slower.

Like VP9, but unlike H.264 (AVC) and H.265 (HEVC), AV1 has a royalty-free licensing model that does not hinder adoption in open-source projects.

AVIF is an image file format that uses AV1 compression algorithms.