hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky
Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky (21 March 1830 – 9 February 1920), sometimes Friedrich Beck, was an Austrian Generaloberst and Chief of the general staff of the Imperial and Royal Army of Austria-Hungary from 1881 to 1906.

Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
Rodolphe Boudreau
Rodolphe Boudreau, CMG (September 19, 1865 – 1923) was a Canadian civil servant. He was the Clerk of the Privy Council, the senior civil servant in the government and the Secretary to the Canadian Cabinet, from 1907 to 1923.

Born in St. Gregoire, Canada East, the son of J. B. Boudreau and Sarah Fortier, Boudreau was educated at Nicolet College and Laval University. He entered the civil service in 1896 and was Private Secretary to Wilfrid Laurier from 1889 to 1907. In 1900, he was appointed Assistant Clerk of the Privy Council and became Clerk of the Privy Council in 1907. He served as Clerk until his death in 1923.

He was named Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1918.

Canada East
Canada East (French: Canada-Est) was the northeastern portion of the Province of Canada. Lord Durham's Report investigating the causes of the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions recommended merging those two colonies. The new colony, known as the Province of Canada, was created by the Act of Union 1840 passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having effect in 1841. For administrative purposes, the new Province was subdivided into Canada West and Canada East.  The former name of "Lower Canada" came back into official use in 1849, and as of Canadian Confederation of 1867 it formed the newly created province of Quebec.

An estimated 890,000 people lived in Canada East in 1851.
Saint Francis Xavier Cathedral (Green Bay, Wisconsin)
St. Francis Xavier Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay in Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States. The cathedral was named in honor of St. Francis Xavier.

The cathedral was planned and erected between 1876 and 1881 under the episcopate of Francis Xavier Krautbauer. It was designed on the pattern of Ludwigskirche, a landmark church in the center of Munich, Germany. Krautbauer ordered a monumental crucifixion painted by Johann Schmitt, a local German-descent painter of the Nazarene movement. Krautbauer was buried under the cathedral's floor.

The cathedral began receiving a series of 18 restorations starting in 2014. It closed in September 2017 and was reopened at a 9:00 mass on Sunday December 3, 2017. Repairs include the floors, pews, paintings, and pipe organ.

Ludwigskirche, Munich
The Catholic Parish and University Church of St. Louis, called Ludwigskirche, in Munich is a monumental church in Neo-Romanesque style with the second-largest altar fresco of the world. The building, with its round arches called the Rundbogenstil, strongly influenced other church architecture, train stations and synagogues in both Germany and the United States.
USS Skimmer
USS Skimmer is a name used more than once by the United States Navy:

USS Skimmer (AMc-53), a coastal minesweeper placed in service on 26 August 1941.

USS Skimmer (LCIL-1093), commissioned on 28 September 1944.

Coastal minesweeper
Coastal minesweeper is a term used by the United States Navy to indicate a minesweeper intended for coastal use as opposed to participating in fleet operations at sea.

Because of its small size—usually less than 100 feet in length—and construction—wood as opposed to steel—and slow speed—usually about 9 or 10 knots—the coastal minesweeper was considered too fragile and slow to operate on the high seas with the fleet.

Minesweeping, in conjunction with fleet activities, was usually relegated to the diesel-driven steel-hulled AM-type minesweepers, later to be replaced by the wood-hulled MSO-type minesweeper with aluminum engines.
James Smith (1587–1667)
James Smith (1587–1667, alias James Smyth) of Hammersmith, Middlesex, was an Alderman of the City of London a member of the Worshipful Company of Salters and a Governor of Christ's Hospital in London. His monument survives in St Paul's Church, Hammersmith. He was the grandfather of Sir John Smith, 1st Baronet, of Isleworth.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Xiang Chong (Water Margin)
Xiang Chong is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Eight-armed Nezha", he ranks 64th among the 108 Stars of Destiny and 28th among the 72 Earthly Fiends.

Song Jiang
Song Jiang was a Chinese historical figure who led an armed rebellion against the ruling Song Dynasty in the early 12th century. His band marauded over a region straddling the present-day Chinese provinces of Shandong and Henan that eventually surrendered to the Imperial Court.

The historical Song Jiang was turned into a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the four famous Classic Chinese Novels. He is the central figure in the book, leading the 108 Heroes who gather as bandits in Shandong's Liangshan Marsh.
Frącki, Opole Voivodeship
Frącki ([ˈfrɔnt͡skʲi], additional name in German: Fronzke) is a settlement, part of the village of Pogórze, in the administrative district of Gmina Biała, within Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word wrona, which means "crow". Its old Polish forms were Wronza and Fronka.

Gmina Biała, Opole Voivodeship
Gmina Biała (German: Gemeinde Zülz) is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Prudnik County, Opole Voivodeship, in Upper Silesia in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Biała, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Prudnik and 36 km (22 mi) southwest of the regional capital Opole.

The gmina covers an area of 195.82 square kilometres (75.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population was 10,586. Since 2006, in addition to the official Polish language, German has been recognized as an additional secondary language.
Salmaniya Medical Complex
Salmaniya Medical Complex (Arabic: مجمع السلمانية الطبي) is a public hospital situated in the Salmaniya district of Manama in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Established in 1957 and having a bed capacity of approximately 1,200 beds, it is the largest tertiary hospital in the country. The hospital provides secondary, tertiary, and emergency healthcare services as well as specialised outpatient clinics for the general public. Residency programs in the hospital are either Arab Board or Saudi Board certified.

The hospital receives an average of 900 to 1,000 patients a day and employs more than 2,000 physicians, nurses and workers. Bahrain's main morgue is situated in the complex. Salmaniya's emergency department receives more than 300,000 patients per year. The emergency department follows the Manchester Triage System and is Arab Board certified, amongst other residency programs.

Arab Board of Health Specializations
The Arab Board of Health Specializations was established in 1978 in Damascus, Syria, under the decision of the Council of Arab Ministers of Health of the Arab League. The aims are to improve health services in the Arab world by raising the scientific and practical level in various specializations. This is a non-profit educational institute.
Animal tattoo
An animal tattoo or pet tattoo is a tattoo that a person has placed on an animal, which may be for animal identification, aesthetics, or artistic purposes. Animal identification via tattoo is a practice within the agricultural industry, at breeding farms, in scientific laboratories, and in the identification of domesticated pets. Anaesthetic or other methods of sedation are commonly administered for this type of procedure, with the aim to provide minimal harm and pain to the animal. There is a diversity of opinion concerning the morality of animal tattooing, related to concerns about animal welfare.

Anesthetic
An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia ⁠— ⁠in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. They may be divided into two broad classes: general anesthetics, which result in a reversible loss of consciousness, and local anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss of sensation for a limited region of the body without necessarily affecting consciousness.

A wide variety of drugs are used in modern anesthetic practice.  Many are rarely used outside anesthesiology, but others are used commonly in various fields of healthcare. Combinations of anesthetics are sometimes used for their synergistic and additive therapeutic effects. Adverse effects, however, may also be increased.  Anesthetics are distinct from analgesics, which block only sensation of painful stimuli. Analgesics are typically used in conjunction with anesthetics to control pre-, intra-, and postoperative pain.
Ian Campbell (footballer, born 1953)
Ian Campbell (born 22 November 1953) is a Scottish football former player and manager. His twin brother Dick Campbell is also a football player and manager, and the two currently manage Scottish League 2 side East Fife.

Scottish League Two
The Scottish League Two, known as William Hill League Two for sponsorship reasons, is the fourth tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League Two was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.

Since the 2014–15 season, the bottom team has entered a play-off against the winner of a play-off between the winners of the Highland and Lowland Leagues for a place in the following season's competition.
Noah Diffenbaugh
Noah S. Diffenbaugh (born (1974-07-23)July 23, 1974) is an American climate scientist at Stanford University, where he is the William Wrigley Professor of Earth System Science and Kimmelman Family Senior Fellow in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. He is the inaugural Editor-in-Chief of the peer-review journal Environmental Research: Climate (published by IOP Publishing). From 2015-2018, he served as editor-in-chief of the peer-review journal Geophysical Research Letters (published by American Geophysical Union). He is known for his research on the climate system, including the effects of global warming on extreme weather and climate events such as the 2011-2017 California drought.

Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
The "Ridiculously Resilient Ridge", sometimes shortened to "Triple R" or "RRR", was a persistent anticyclone that occurred over the far northeastern Pacific Ocean, contributing to the 2011–2017 California drought. The "Ridiculously Resilient Ridge" nickname was originally coined in December 2013 by Daniel Swain on the Weather West Blog, but has since been used widely in popular media as well as in peer-reviewed scientific literature.
The Force of Destiny (film)
The Force of Destiny (Italian: La forza del destino) is a 1950 Italian musical melodrama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Nelly Corradi, Tito Gobbi and Gino Sinimberghi. It is based on Giuseppe Verdi's opera La forza del destino.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Gastone Medin.

Carmine Gallone
Carmine Gallone (10 September 1885 – 11 March 1973) was an early Italian film director, screenwriter, and film producer, who was also controversial for his works of pro-Fascist propaganda and historical revisionism. Considered one of Italian cinema's leading early directors, he directed over 120 films in his fifty-year career between 1913 and 1963.
Bar Kappara
Bar Kappara (Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: בר קפרא, romanized: bar qapparā) was a Jewish scholar of the late second and early third century CE (i.e., during the period between the tannaim and amoraim). He was active in Caesarea Maritima, the capital of the Roman province of Syria Palaestina, from around 180 to 220 CE. His name, meaning "Son of Qappara", was taken from his father, Eleazar ha-Kappar. He was one of the students of Judah ha-Nasi and a first-generation amora.

He was a talented poet and storyteller, and it is said that, at the wedding feast of Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi, he kept the guests captivated with fables until their food got cold. His satirical wit, however, lost him the chance to be ordained as a rabbi.

Sifre
Sifre (Hebrew: סִפְרֵי; siphrēy, Sifre, Sifrei, also, Sifre debe Rab or Sifre Rabbah) refers to either of two works of Midrash halakha, or classical Jewish legal biblical exegesis, based on the biblical books of Numbers and Deuteronomy.
The Roxy July 7, 1978
The Roxy, July 7, 1978 is a live concert performance by American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. It took place at the Roxy Theatre in West Hollywood, California, during the Darkness on the Edge of Town Tour. The concert was originally broadcast live over Los Angeles radio station KMET-FM and was officially released in 2018 as part of Springsteen's archival live series.

West Hollywood, California
West Hollywood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, and located between the cities of Los Angeles and Beverly Hills. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 35,757.
Electronic Journal of Probability
The Electronic Journal of Probability is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the Bernoulli Society. It covers all aspects of probability theory and the current editor-in-chief is Bénédicte Haas (Université Sorbonne Paris Nord). Electronic Communications in Probability is a sister journal that publishes short papers. The two journals share the same editorial board, but have different editors-in-chiefs, each chosen for a three-year period. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the Electronic Journal of Probability has a 2016 impact factor of 0.904.

Editorial board
The editorial board is a group of editors, writers, and other people who are charged with implementing a publication's approach to editorials and other opinion pieces.  The editorials published normally represent the views or goals of the publication's owner or publisher.
Perry Hall High School
Perry Hall High School (PHHS) is a public high school in Baltimore County,  Maryland, United States, established in 1967 enrolling about 2,000 students a year. Located in the northeastern Baltimore suburb of Perry Hall and serving the surrounding communities, such as Kingsville and Glen Arm, it is part of the Baltimore County Public Schools system. Area middle schools that feed into Perry Hall High are Perry Hall Middle School, Middle River Middle School, and Pine Grove Middle School.

Baltimore County, Maryland
Baltimore County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Baltimore County partly surrounds but does not include the independent city of Baltimore. It is part of the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Northern Virginia in the south to Boston in the north and includes major American population centers, including New York City and Philadelphia. Major economic sectors in the county include education, government, and health care. As of the 2020 census, the population was 854,535. The county is home to several universities, including Goucher College, Stevenson University, Towson University, and University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
1910 in poetry
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much:
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And—which is more—you'll be a Man, my son!

— closing lines of Rudyard Kipling's If—, first published this year in Rewards and Fairies

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or French).

Violet Nicolson
Violet Nicolson (9 April 1865 – 4 October 1904), otherwise known as Adela Florence Nicolson (née Cory), was an English poet who wrote under the pseudonym Laurence Hope. In the early 1900s, she became a best-selling author.
Aversor
Aversor is an extinct genus of embolomere which lived in the Early Permian of Russia. It contains a single species, Aversor dmitrievi, which is based on skull and jaw fragments from the Intinskaya Svita (Inta Formation) near Pechora. It may have been the youngest known eogyrinid, and was the youngest known embolomere until the discovery of Seroherpeton, a Late Permian embolomere described in 2020. Aversor and Seroherpeton both lived at higher latitudes than older embolomeres, suggesting that the group abandoned arid equatorial areas prior to their final demise.

Cisuralian
The Cisuralian, also known as the Early Permian, is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 274.4 ± 0.4 Ma.

In the regional stratigraphy of southwestern North America, the Cisuralian encompasses two series: the Wolfcampian (Asselian to mid-Artinskian) and Leonardian (mid-Artinskian to Kungurian).

The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years.
April 2018 missile strikes against Syria
On 14 April 2018, beginning at 04:00 Syrian time (UTC+3), the United States, France, and the United Kingdom carried out a series of military strikes involving aircraft and ship-based missiles against multiple government sites in Syria during the Syrian Civil War. The strikes were a reprisal for the Douma chemical attack against civilians on 7 April, widely attributed to the Syrian government. The Syrian government called the airstrikes a violation of international law.

Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in some European and Middle Eastern countries, which makes it the same as Arabia Standard Time, East Africa Time, and Moscow Time. During the winter periods, Eastern European Time (UTC+02:00) is used.

Since 1996, European Summer Time has been applied from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. Previously, the rules were not uniform across the European Union.
Charles-Louis Clérisseau
Charles-Louis Clérisseau (28 August 1721 – 9 January 1820) was a French architect, draughtsman, antiquary, and artist who became a leading authority on ancient Roman architecture and Roman ruins in Italy and France. With his influence extending to Russia, England, and the United States, and clients including Catherine the Great and Thomas Jefferson, Clérisseau played a key role in the genesis of neoclassical architecture during the second half of the 18th century.

Tsarskoye Selo
Tsarskoye Selo (Russian: Ца́рское Село́, IPA: [ˈtsarskəje sʲɪˈlo] ⓘ, lit. 'Tsar's Village') was the town containing a former residence of the Russian imperial family and visiting nobility, located 24 kilometers (15 mi) south from the center of Saint Petersburg. The residence now forms part of the town of Pushkin. Tsarskoye Selo forms one of the World Heritage Site Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments.

The town bore the name Tsarskoye Selo until 1918. The new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia renamed it as Detskoye Selo (Russian: Детское Село, lit. 'Children's Village'), which it held from 1918–1937. At that time, it was renamed under Stalin's government as Pushkin (Russian: Пушкин) after the famous Russian poet and writer. It is still known by that name.
Electoral history of Bhupesh Baghel
This is a summary of the electoral history of Bhupesh Baghel, an Indian politician who served as the third Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh from 2018 to 2023. A senior leader of the Indian National Congress, Baghel has represented the Patan constituency in the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly for five terms and previously served as a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

Patan, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency
Patan is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India. It is in Durg district.

Bhupesh Baghel, the former Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, is the current MLA of this constituency. The constituency is a stronghold of Indian National Congress Party.
Bruton Museum
Bruton Museum is a small local museum in Bruton, Somerset, England.

The museum is housed in the Dovecote Building, in the towns High Street. The building also contains a tourist information office.

The Bruton Museum Society was formed in 1989 and involved the community and local schools in the development of the collection of local artefacts. It was initially housed in the basement of the Co-Op and then in a disused Coach House owned by the National Westminster Bank. The museum moved to its current location in 1999 after it was jointly purchased by South Somerset District Council and Bruton Town Council.

The time spent in the town by John Steinbeck is commemorated in the museum. They have also organised exhibitions at King's School including one in 2008 of the work of Ernst Blensdorf.

In 2010 an anonymous donor agreed to pay the rent on the building, removing earlier doubts about the future viability of the museum.

South Somerset
South Somerset was a local government district in Somerset, England, from 1974 to 2023. The district covered an area of 370 square miles (958 km2) ranging from the borders with Devon, Wiltshire and Dorset to the edge of the Somerset Levels. It had a population of approximately 158,000. The administrative centre of the district was Yeovil.

On 1 April 2023, the district was abolished and replaced by Somerset Council, a unitary district for the area previously served by Somerset County Council.