hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reactive-ion etching
Reactive-ion etching (RIE) is an etching technology used in microfabrication. RIE is a type of dry etching which has different characteristics than wet etching. RIE uses chemically reactive plasma to remove material deposited on wafers. The plasma is generated under low pressure (vacuum) by an electromagnetic field. High-energy ions from the plasma attack the wafer surface and react with it.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
John Tafi
John Lautafi Tafi (born 10 May 2002) is a Samoan weightlifter who has represented Samoa at the Pacific Games and Commonwealth Games.

Tafi is from Lotopa on Upolu.

At the 2019 Pacific Games, Oceania & Commonwealth Championships in Apia he won 2 gold, 2 silver, and 9 bronze medals.

He set a new Oceania record in the 73 kg division at the 2021 Oceania Weightlifting Championships, with a snatch of 136 kg. At the 2022 Oceania Junior Championships he broke another three records, with a snatch of 133 kg, jerk of 165 kg, and total of 298 kg.

In 2022, he was one of six Samoan weightlifters to qualify for the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England. He competed in the men's 73 kg event.

At the 2025 Pacific Mini Games in Meyuns, Palau he won three gold medals and was named best overall male athlete.

2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships
The 2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships took place at the Faleata Sports Complex in Apia, Samoa from 9 to 13 July 2019.

Together with that year's Pacific Games weightlifting competition and Oceania Championships, they were held concurrently as a single event designated the 2019 Pacific Games, Oceania & Commonwealth Championships. Athletes from certain countries were able to contest multiple championships simultaneously (including age-group variants).

Results shown below are for the senior competition only. Junior and youth results are cited here and here respectively.
Erasmo Vera
José Erasmo Vera Ulloa (13 March 1923 – 16 August 1989) was a Chilean footballer. He played in nine matches for the Chile national football team in 1945 and 1946. He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1945 South American Championship.

1945 South American Championship
The eighteenth edition of the South American Championship was held in Santiago, Chile from 14 January to 28 February. This tournament was an extra edition, with no trophy handed to the winners, but considered official by CONMEBOL.

The participating countries were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia (for the first time), Ecuador, and Uruguay. Paraguay and Peru withdrew from the tournament.
Automeris zugana
Automeris zugana is a moth of the family Saturniidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1886. It is found from Panama to western Ecuador. The habitat consists of hyperhumid tropical rain forests at altitudes between 60 and 1,400 meters.

The larvae feed on Quercus and Salix species.

Herbert Druce
Herbert Druce, FLS (14 July 1846 in London – 11 April 1913 in London) was an English entomologist. His collections were acquired by Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), and James John Joicey (1870–1932) before being bequeathed to the Natural History Museum in London.

He is not to be confused with his son, the English entomologist Hamilton Herbert Druce (1869 – 21 June 1922), who also worked on Lepidoptera.
Old Warren County Courthouse Complex
The Old Warren County Courthouse Complex is located at the corner of Amherst and Canada streets (US 9/NY 9N) in Lake George, New York, United States. It is a large brick building erected in five stages from the 1840s to the 1890s. Not all of the stages built are extant.

Its imposing clock tower has made it a landmark in the village. The county government moved out in the early 1960s. After a period of several years during which the building remained vacant, local preservation groups were able to get it reopened to serve a number of other public purposes. In 1973 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Today it is home to the local historical society and a community arts group.

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
Ahmed Kurdughli
Ahmed Kurdughli  (Arabic: أحمد كردغلي, born 25 September 1975) is a Syrian former footballer who played as a midfielder. He was capped 4 times by the Syria national team and scored one goal, and he played in the 1996 Asian Cup with Syria.

1996 AFC Asian Cup
The 1996 AFC Asian Cup was the 11th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were held in the United Arab Emirates between 4 and 21 December 1996. Saudi Arabia defeated hosts United Arab Emirates in the final match in Abu Dhabi. As the runners-up, the United Arab Emirates represented the AFC in the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup as the winners Saudi Arabia had qualified automatically as host.
2025 Hedensted municipal election
The 2025 Hedensted Municipal election was held on November 18, 2025, to elect the 27 members to sit in the regional council for the Hedensted Municipal council, in the period of 2026 to 2029. Ole Vind
from Venstre, would secure re-election.

Hedensted
Hedensted is a Danish town in Region Midtjylland and the seat of Hedensted Municipality. Its population, including its northern neighbouring town Løsning, is 13,458. The municipality as a whole has a population of 48,167 (1 January 2025).
John Hotop
John Hotop (7 December 1929 – 30 August 2015) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A first five-eighth, Hotop represented Bush, Manawatu, Canterbury, and Otago at a provincial level.  He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1952 and 1955. Three internationals against Australia were the full extent of his involvement with the All Blacks.

Manawatu (National Provincial Championship)
Manawatu (often known as the Manawatu Turbos) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Palmerston North, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1886, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Central Energy Trust Arena in Palmerston North in the Manawatū-Whanganui region. The team is affiliated with the Hurricanes Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are green and white.
1982–83 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1982–83 season of the European Cup Winners' Cup was won by Scottish club Aberdeen in an extra-time victory against Real Madrid. Alex Ferguson's young side defeated the Spanish giants after a notable victory over Bayern Munich in the quarter-final. Having conquered the domestic game in Scotland, by defeating the European Cup holders Hamburger SV to win the 1983 European Super Cup, Aberdeen went on to become the only Scottish team to win two European trophies, a record which still stands today. 
It was the second and last time the title went to Scotland, following Rangers' victory in 1972.

1983 European Cup final
The 1983 European Cup final was a football match held at the Olympic Stadium, Athens, on 25 May 1983, that saw Hamburger SV of West Germany defeat Juventus of Italy 1–0. A single goal from Felix Magath eight minutes into the game was enough for Hamburg to claim their first European Cup title. It was the sixth consecutive European Cup final to finish with a 1–0 scoreline.
MS H.U. Sverdrup II
MS H.U. Sverdrup II is a Norwegian research vessel owned by the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. The ship is named after the Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (1888–1957).

The ship was built in 1990 by Simek AS. It is certified for European trips and is used almost year-round. The ship has space for 15 researchers that can use 151 m2 (1,630 sq ft) of lab space and 200 m2 (2,200 sq ft) of aft deck space. To reduce noise from the main engine, it is mounted elastically and a passive stabilization system dampens the vessel's rolling movements in bad weather conditions.

Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
The Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt – FFI) is a research institute that conducts research and development on behalf of the Norwegian Armed Forces and provides expert advice to political and military defence leaders. In particular, its task is to keep track of advances in the fields of science and military technology which might affect the assumptions on which Norwegian security policy and/or defence planning is based.
Lipce Reymontowskie
Lipce Reymontowskie [ˈlipt͡sɛ rɛjmɔnˈtɔfskʲɛ] (until 1984 Lipce) is a village in Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lipce Reymontowskie. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Skierniewice and 36 km (22 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Polish novelist Władysław Stanisław Reymont, after whom the village was renamed in 1983, placed the plot of his novel The Peasants in the village of Lipce.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Marine Science Education Center
Marine Science Education Center (MSEC) is a school in Atlantic Beach, Florida. It is located at 1347 Palmer Street and is part of Duval County Public Schools The school features 14 wet lab tanks, a small museum on local marine life and fishing, in a historic circa 1927 schoolhouse.

Wet lab
A wet lab, or experimental lab, is a type of laboratory where it is necessary to handle various types of chemicals and potential "wet" hazards, so the room has to be carefully designed, constructed, and controlled to avoid spillage and contamination.

A dry lab might have large experimental equipment but minimal chemicals, or instruments for analyzing data produced elsewhere.
CQC-6
The CQC-6 (Close Quarters Combat — Six) or Viper Six is a handmade tactical folding knife with a tantō blade manufactured by knifemaker Ernest Emerson. Although initially reported as the sixth design in an evolution of fighting knives and the first model in the lineup of Emerson's Specwar Custom Knives, Emerson later revealed that the knife was named for SEAL Team Six. It has a chisel-ground blade of ATS-34 or 154CM stainless steel and a handle made of titanium and linen micarta. The CQC-6 is credited as the knife that popularized the concept of the tactical folding knife.

Fighting knife
A  fighting knife has a blade designed to most effectively inflict injury in close-quarters physical confrontations.  The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives.

Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat.  This singleness of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife.  The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon.  Since World War I, the fighting knife in military service has gradually evolved into a dual-purpose or "fighting-utility" knife, suited for both knife fighting and utility roles.  As a consequence, the terms "fighting knife" and "tactical knife" are frequently employed interchangeably.
Tisis yasudai
Tisis yasudai is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 2003. It is found on Sabah, Malaysia's easternmost state,

The wingspan is about 17.5 mm for males and 17–19 mm for females. The forewings are dark brown at the base. The hindwings are grey.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Heinrich Girard
Heinrich Girard (2 June 1814 – 11 April 1878) was a German mineralogist and geologist born in Berlin.

He studied natural sciences in Berlin, receiving his habilitation in 1845. Afterwards he became an associate professor of mineralogy and geology at the University of Marburg, and in 1854 a full professor at the University of Halle. In 1863/64 he was rector at the university.

Girard was the author of an 1862 textbook on mineralogy, and was editor of the fourth volume of Briefe über Alexander von Humboldts Kosmos ("Epistles on Alexander von Humboldt's Kosmos").

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Anthony Lapham
Anthony "Tony" Abbott Lapham was the 3rd General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), acting as the CIA's chief legal officer during the chaotic period of the Church Committee. Lapham was also known as an environmentalist, and was chairman of American Rivers, a nonprofit dedicated to preserving rivers, and died while on a trout fishing trip on the Cane River. He served on the board of the Krebser Fund for Rappahannock County Conservation and was a trustee of Ocean Conservancy, American Farmland Trust, National Audubon Society, Environmental Defense Fund and the Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States.

Nature Forward
Nature Forward (formerly Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States, or Audubon Naturalist Society) is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation and education.  The organization holds two properties in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area as wildlife sanctuaries, one in Virginia along with its headquarters in Maryland.  Until 1959, the organization was known as the Audubon Society of the District of Columbia.  In October 2022. the membership voted to change the name of the organization from Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States, choosing the new name Nature Forward.
Ponceau 6R
Ponceau 6R, or Crystal ponceau 6R, Crystal scarlet, Brilliant crystal scarlet 6R, Acid Red 44, or C.I. 16250, is a red azo dye. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It was used as a food dye, formerly having E number E126. It is also used in histology, for staining fibrin with the MSB Trichrome stain. It usually comes as disodium salt.

Amaranth is a closely related azo dye, also usable in trichrome staining.

Fibrin
Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen, which causes it to polymerize. The polymerized fibrin, together with platelets, forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site.

When the lining of a blood vessel is broken, platelets are attracted, forming a platelet plug. These platelets have thrombin receptors on their surfaces that bind serum thrombin molecules, which in turn convert soluble fibrinogen in the serum into fibrin at the wound site. Fibrin forms long strands of tough insoluble protein that are bound to the platelets. Factor XIII completes the cross-linking of fibrin so that it hardens and contracts. The cross-linked fibrin forms a mesh atop the platelet plug that completes the clot. Fibrin was discovered by Marcello Malpighi in 1666.
Eddins
Eddins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Boyd L. Eddins (born 1933), American politician

Rick L. Eddins, American politician

Robert Eddins (1988–2016), American football linebacker

William Eddins (born 1964), American pianist and conductor

Rick L. Eddins
Rick L. Eddins is a former Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly, who represented the state's fortieth House district, including constituents in Wake County, for six terms (1995–2006). A business owner from Raleigh, North Carolina, Eddins was defeated for renomination to another term in the May 2, 2006 Republican primary by Marilyn Avila. He published a memoir, Call Me a Countrypolitan, in 2008.
Pytheas (Athenian)
Pytheas (Ancient Greek: Πυθέας) of Athens was an orator who wrote speeches and other works. Pytheas opposed fellow orators Demosthenes and Demades. In 323 BC, he was a persecutor of Demosthenes in the Harpalus bribery scandal.

Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, he opposed Demosthenes, who attempted to create an anti-Macedonian front. Together with another Athenian orator, Callimedon, Pytheas fled to Athens for the camp of Antipater and later traveled through the ancient Greek world working to prevent the other Greek cities from attaching themselves to Athens.

Harpalus
Harpalus (Greek: Ἅρπαλος), son of Machatas, was a Macedonian aristocrat and childhood friend of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Harpalus was repeatedly entrusted with official duties by Alexander and absconded with large sums of money on three occasions. Alexander appointed him treasurer of his empire in Babylon in 330 BC. In 324 BC he fled from Babylon to Athens with a large sum of money. The resulting political controversy in Athens ("the Harpalus Affair") was a contributing factor in the Lamian War.
Light-Hearted Isabel
Light-Hearted Isabel (German: Die leichte Isabell) is a 1927 German silent comedy film directed by Eddy Busch and Arthur Wellin and starring Lee Parry, Otto Wallburg, and Gustav Fröhlich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle.

Gustav Fröhlich
Gustav Friedrich Fröhlich (21 March 1902 – 22 December 1987) was a German actor and film director. He landed secondary roles in a number of films and plays before landing his breakthrough role of Freder Fredersen in Fritz Lang's 1927 film Metropolis. He remained a popular film star in Germany until the 1950s.
Daniel Joseph Wood
Daniel Joseph Wood, 1849 - 1919 FRCO 1873; was an English organist.

Daniel Wood was a chorister and pupil of J. L. Hopkins at Rochester. He came to Chichester after six years as Organist of Boston Parish Church, Lincs., and followed the then current fashion of a short stay as Organist of Chichester Cathedral, before moving to Exeter Cathedral where he was Organist from 1876 to 1919.

Rochester Cathedral
Rochester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary, is in Rochester, Kent, England. The cathedral is the mother church of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester and seat (cathedra) of the Bishop of Rochester, the second oldest bishopric in England after that of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The present cathedral, rebuilt on the site of its predecessor in the Norman style, is a Grade I listed building.
Radical 157
Radical 157 or radical foot (足部) meaning "foot" is one of the 20 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 7 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 580 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

足 is also the 158th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
1956 Texas gubernatorial election
The 1956 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956, to elect the governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic governor Allan Shivers did not run for a fourth term. Senator Price Daniel won the election with over 78% of the vote.

Allan Shivers
Robert Allan Shivers (October 5, 1907 – January 14, 1985) was an American politician who served as the 37th governor of Texas from 1949 to 1957. Shivers was a leader of the Texas Democratic Party during the turbulent 1940s and 1950s and developed the lieutenant governor's post into an extremely powerful perch in the state government.
FC Vitosha Bistritsa
FC Vitosha (Bulgarian: ФК Витоша) is a Bulgarian association football club based in Bistritsa, Sofia City Province, which competes in the Southwest Third League, the third tier of Bulgarian football. It is named after the Vitosha mountain range, where Bistritsa is located.

Vitosha was founded in 1958, however, the club spent the majority of its history playing in lower leagues. In 2017, Vitosha managed to promote to the First League for the first time ever. The club was relegated after the 2019–20 season and re-founded in 2021.

The club became notable for having Bulgaria's prime minister, Boyko Borisov, as a registered player of the squad in the lower divisions. The increased popularity of the club due to Borisov's presence led to its coach and players being featured on the TV series BNT Taxi in 2011.

BNT 1
BNT 1 (Bulgarian: БНТ 1, romanized: Be ne te edno) is a Bulgarian-language public television station founded in 1959. The headquarters are located in Sofia, Bulgaria. BNT 1 is run by Bulgarian National Television.