hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Lou Martin
Michael Lou Martin (February 3, 1932 – May 27, 2015) was an American philosopher and former professor at Boston University. Martin specialized in the philosophy of religion, although he also worked on the philosophies of science, law, and social science.  He served with the US Marine Corps in Korea.

Philosophy of social science
Philosophy of social science examines how social science integrates with other related scientific disciplines, which implies a rigorous, systematic endeavor to build and organize knowledge relevant to the interaction between individual people and their wider social involvement.

Scientific rationalism tried to dissociate logical transactions from the emotional motivation to so engage, which strategic and tactical objectives work together as heuristic strategies, some of which are explored below.
John Bowle (bishop)
John Bowle (died 9 October 1637) was an English churchman and bishop of Rochester.

A native of Lancashire, he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship.  He proceeded M.A. (1603), D.D. (1613), and was incorporated M.A. of Oxford on 9 July 1605, and D.D. on 11 July 1615. He was household chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, and attended him through his last illness in 1612.

Bowle held at one time the living of both Bradfield and Tilehurst in Berkshire. He became dean of Salisbury in July 1620, preached before the king and parliament on 3 February 1621, and was elected bishop of Rochester on 14 December 1629. He died on 9 October 1637, and his body was interred in St. Paul's Cathedral. Archbishop William Laud, in his account of his archiepiscopate addressed to Charles I for 1637, complained that Bowle had been ill for three years before his death, and had neglected his diocese.

Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC (1 June 1563 – 24 May 1612) was an English statesman and alleged spymaster noted for his direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart rule (1603). Lord Salisbury served as the Secretary of State of England (1596–1612) and  Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612), succeeding his father as Queen Elizabeth I's Lord Privy Seal and remaining in power during the first nine years of King James I's reign until his own death.

The principal discoverer of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, Robert Cecil remains a controversial historic figure as it is still debated at what point he first learned of the plot and to what extent he acted as an agent provocateur.
1971 IMSA GT Championship
The 1971 IMSA GT Series season was the inaugural season of the IMSA GT Championship auto racing series.  It was for Grand Tourer-style racing cars which ran in the GTO and GTU classes, as well as former Trans Am Series cars in the TO and TU classes.  It began April 18, 1971, and ended November 21, 1971, after six rounds.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
The Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan (Arabic: مسجد ومدرسة السلطان حسن) is a monumental mosque and madrasa located in Salah al-Din Square in the historic district of Cairo, Egypt. It was built between 1356 and 1363 CE during the Bahri Mamluk period, commissioned by Sultan an-Nasir Hasan. The mosque was considered remarkable for its massive size and innovative architectural components, and is still considered one of the most impressive historic monuments in Cairo today.

Al-Fath
Al-Fath (Arabic: الفتح, al-fatḥ; meaning: "The Victory") is the 48th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an with 29 verses (ayat). The surah was revealed in Medina in the sixth year of the Hijrah, on the occasion of the Treaty of Hudaybiya between the Muslim city-state of Madinah and Makkan polytheists. It mentions this victory, then criticizes the attitudes of the hypocrites, continues with further promises to the Muslims, and ends by mentioning certain important virtues of the Muslim community.

The chapter gets its name from the opening verse, which states "Indeed, We have granted you a clear triumph..." in direct reference to the Treaty which was signed through cooperation between the opposing forces and without bloodshed. The reason this treaty, and therefore chapter, is called a "clear triumph" is largely believed to be because of its peaceful nature.
Håkon Flood
Håkon Flood (25 September 1905 – 9 October 2001) was a professor of inorganic chemistry at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, Norway, from 1953 to 1975. He also worked as the director of the Institute of Silicate Research (Institutt for Silikatforskning) at NTH. Professor Flood was one of the pioneers of molten salt chemistry and, together with Hermann Lux, is known for the Lux-Flood theory of acid–base reactions.

Hermann Lux
Hermann Lux (3 September 1904, in Karlsruhe – 8 July 1999), was a prominent inorganic chemist from Munich, Germany.

Lux studied chemistry in the University of Karlsruhe where he graduated with honors in 1928 and then completed his education in the University of Bonn in 1929. He returned to Karlsruhe and worked there until his move to Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1937, where he worked as an assistant until 1940, then as a lecturer until 1946 and then became the head of the analytical chemistry department.
He became an associate professor in 1944 and a full professor in 1955. He moved to the Technical University of Munich in 1968 where he was a full professor of inorganic and analytical chemistry until his retirement in 1973. He died on 8 July 1999, almost 95 years old.
Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre pistol
The men's ISSF 50 meter pistol event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on August 12 at the Beijing Shooting Range Hall. There were 45 competitors from 32 nations. The event was won by Jin Jong-oh of South Korea, the first of his three consecutive victories in the free pistol. It was his second medal, after taking silver in 2004; he was the 10th man to win multiple medals in the event (he would later become the fourth to win three and second to win four).

Kim Jong-su of North Korea originally won the silver medal, but was disqualified after he tested positive for propranolol. This moved Tan Zongliang of China from bronze to silver and gave Vladimir Isakov of Russia the bronze. It was China's first medal in the event since 1992; Russia was on the free pistol podium for the third time in four Games.

Beijing Shooting Range Hall
The Beijing Shooting Range Hall (simplified Chinese: 北京射击馆; traditional Chinese: 北京射擊館; pinyin: Běijīng Shèjīguǎn) is a shooting hall located in Shijingshan District, Beijing. It hosted the qualifying rounds and finals of ten shooting sports events at the 2008 Summer Olympics, consisting of all 10-, 25- and 50-metre events. It was the venue of the first gold medal awarded at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The entire shooting sports events for the 2008 Summer Paralympics were also held at this venue.
Preben Vildalen
Preben Vildalen (born 6 June 1972) is a Norwegian handball player. He played 201 matches and scored 312 goals for the Norway men's national handball team between 1994 and 2007.  He participated at the 2001, 2005 and 2007 World Men's Handball Championship.

Vildalen was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 2013.

2001 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2001 World Men's Handball Championship took place in France from 23 January to 4 February 2001. It was the 17th edition of the World Championship in team handball and the hosts won the championship.
Diana Strait
Diana Strait (Russian: Proliv Diany; Japanese: Shimushiru Kaikyo) is a deep strait that separates the islands of Ketoy and Simushir in the Kuril Islands, Russia. It is 16.1 km (about 10 mi) wide. The flood tidal current in the strait sets northwest, while the ebb flows to the southeast. These currents may reach up to three knots.

Ketoy
Ketoy (or Ketoi) (Russian: Кетой; Japanese 計吐夷島; Ketoi-tō) is an uninhabited volcanic island located in the centre of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for "skeleton" or "bad".
Penney Bay
Penney Bay is a large bay extending from Robinson Ridge to Browning Peninsula, at the eastern side of the Windmill Islands. First mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy (USN) OpHjp, 1946–47. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Richard L. Penney, ornithologist and biologist at Wilkes Station in 1959 and 1960.

Wilkes Station
Wilkes Station is a former Australian Antarctic research station. It was established in January 1957 by the United States in Antarctica. It was taken over by the Australian Antarctic Division on 7 February 1959. Environmental difficulties at this site lead to it being abandoned in 1969, with the Australians establishing a new base, Casey Station. The old base is still awaiting remediation, with contamination left at the site threatening to affect the environment.
Newchurch, Monmouthshire
Newchurch (Welsh: Yr Eglwys Newydd ar y Cefn, meaning "new church on the ridge") is an extensive rural parish and small hamlet in Monmouthshire, south east Wales.  It is located 6 miles south east of Usk and 6 miles north west of Chepstow, between the B4235 and B4293 roads.

Usk
Usk (Welsh: Brynbuga) is a town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Newport. It is located on the River Usk, which is spanned by an arched stone bridge at the western entrance to the town. Usk Castle, above the town, overlooks the ancient crossing point. It developed as a small market town, with some industry including the making of Japanware, and with a notable prison built in 1841–42. In recent years, Usk has become known for its history of success in Britain in Bloom competitions, winning the "Wales in Bloom" competition 35 times in a row between 1982 and 2016. The resident population of the town in 2011 was 2,834, decreasing to roughly 2,600 in 2021. 6.8% of the population are recorded as being able to speak Welsh.
Lyons Gray
Lyons Gray (born October 28, 1942) is an American businessman and politician.

Gray was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He graduated from Wooster School in 1961 and from University of North Carolina in 1966. Gray also served in the United States Coast Guard in 1964 and 1965. Gray was involved in business. Gray served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1989 to 2003 and was a Republican. He was appointed to the seat after Ann Q. Duncan resigned in September 1989. Gray also worked for R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. He served as North Carolina Secretary of Revenue. Gray was the grandson of Bowman Gray Sr.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
2024 Copa Paraguay
The 2024 Copa Paraguay was the sixth edition of the Copa Paraguay, Paraguay's domestic football cup competition organized by the Paraguayan Football Association (APF). The competition began on 30 April and ended on 6 December 2024.

The defending champions Libertad won their third Copa Paraguay title, defeating Nacional 1–0 in the final match. As Copa Paraguay winners, Libertad qualified for the 2024 Supercopa Paraguay against Olimpia, the Primera División champions with better record in the aggregate table, but their berth to the 2025 Copa Libertadores was instead awarded to the cup runners-up Nacional since they had already qualified for that competition on league performance.

Club Libertad
Club Libertad is a Paraguayan professional football club based in Asunción that currently plays in the Paraguayan Primera División. The club plays its home games at Estadio Tigo La Huerta; which holds 15,000 people.

Founded in 1905, Libertad is the third most successful Paraguayan football club, winning 26 national titles, only behind rivals Olimpia and Cerro Porteño.
Hondros (film)
Hondros is a 2017 American documentary film about American war photographer Chris Hondros. It was written by Greg Campbell and Jenny Golden, directed and produced by Campbell, and executive produced by Jake Gyllenhaal and Jamie Lee Curtis.

The film premiered on 21 April 2017 at Tribeca Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award, Documentary First Place. It had a limited theatrical release in the United States on 2 March 2018.

Hondros was killed in a mortar attack by government forces in Misrata while covering the 2011 Libyan civil war.

Misrata
Misrata (/mɪsˈrɑːtə/ miss-RAH-tə; Arabic: مصراتة, romanized: Miṣrāta, Libyan Arabic: Məṣrāta; also spelled Misratah and known by the Italian spelling Misurata) is a city in northwestern Libya located in the Misrata District, situated 187 km (116 mi) to the east of Tripoli on the Mediterranean coast near Cape Misrata. With a population of about 881,000, it is the third-largest city in Libya, after Tripoli and Benghazi. It is the capital city of the Misrata District and has been called the economic and trade capital of Libya. Its harbor is at Qasr Ahmad.
Genaro (surname)
Genaro (from the Latin Januarius, meaning "devoted to Janus") is the surname of the following notable people:

Donald Genaro (born 1932), American industrial designer

Frankie Genaro (1901–1966), American boxer

Joseph Genaro (born 1962), American musician and songwriter

Juma Genaro (born 1982), South Sudanese football goalkeeper

Mary DeGenaro (born 1961), American jurist

Si Genaro (born 1971), British musician

Tony Genaro (1942–2014), American film, television and stage actor

Tony Genaro
Anthony Genaro Acosta (October 15, 1941 – May 7, 2014) was an American film, television and stage actor.  He was perhaps best known to audiences for his role as Miguel in the 1990 film, Tremors.

Genaro was born in Gallup, New Mexico. He enlisted in the United States Army at the age of 14 by lying about his age. He joined the San Diego Theater Company after leaving the Army, often appearing on stage opposite actor Carl Weathers. He died at his home in Hollywood, California on May 7, 2014, aged 72.
Dabney Lipscomb
Dabney Lipscomb (May 6, 1803 - June 22, 1850) was a physician, an academic and state legislator in Mississippi. He served as president of the Mississippi Senate. During his term he fell seriously ill and John Isaac Guion took over his duties. During a recess the governor resigned and Guion became governor pro tempore.

He represented Lowndes County, Mississippi, and served as president of the Senate from 1848 to 1851. He was a faculty member and trustee of Mississippi Industrial Institute and College. He wrote a history of the institution.

His son William Lowndes Lipscomb was a surgeon whose history of Columbus County was published posthumously. Lipscomb also had prominent grandchildren including literature professor and author Dabney Lipscomb.

He died June 22, 1850, whilst at home in Columbus, Mississippi, he died of chronic diarrhoea which he had been suffering with for months. He was honored in the Senate on Monday November 18, 1850.

Lowndes County, Mississippi
Lowndes County is a county on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 58,879. Its county seat is Columbus. The county is named for U.S. Congressman William Jones Lowndes.

Lowndes County comprises the Columbus, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area. Since the late 20th century, it has been designated as one of three counties in the Golden Triangle region of the state.
Vivian Li
Vivian Li is a Hong Kong-born cell and developmental biologist working in cancer research at London's Francis Crick Institute. She has been researching how stem cells in the human bowel are programmed to ensure a healthy organ and what goes wrong when cancer develops. She is known for her work on the Wnt signalling pathway, discovering a new way that a molecule called Wnt is activated in bowel cancer. She won a Future Leaders in Cancer Research Prize in part for this discovery.

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbr. KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.
The Dead (band)
The Dead was an American rock band composed of some of the former members of the Grateful Dead along with other musicians that were involved in some capacity with the "Dead Ethos". Throughout "The Dead's" career they had a revolving list of members leaving and joining the band including the former members of the Grateful Dead.

After the death of Jerry Garcia in 1995, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Mickey Hart, and Bill Kreutzmann formed the band The Other Ones, performing concert tours in 1998 (without Kreutzmann), 2000 (without Lesh), and 2002, and released one album, The Strange Remain.  In 2003, they changed their name to The Dead.

Warfield Theatre
The Warfield Theatre, colloquially called The Warfield, is a 2,454 capacity event venue located in the Theatre District in downtown San Francisco, California, United States. It was built as a vaudeville theater and opened as the Loews Warfield on May 13, 1922.
Bastion Peak (Canada)
Bastion Peak is a 2,994-metre (9,823 ft) mountain summit located on the shared border of Jasper National Park in Alberta, and Mount Robson Provincial Park in British Columbia, Canada. It is situated in the Tonquin Valley of the Canadian Rockies. It was named in 1916 by Édouard-Gaston Deville because it has an appearance similar to that of a bastion on a castle. Its nearest higher peak is Turret Mountain, 1.6 km (0.99 mi) to the west, and its greater parent is Mount Geikie 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west.

Édouard-Gaston Deville
Édouard-Gaston Daniel Deville, ISO, FRSC (French pronunciation: [edwaʁɡastɔ̃ dəvil]; February 21, 1849 – September 21, 1924) was the first to perfect a practical method of photogrammetry, the making of maps based on photography. A Frenchman who was naturalized Canadian, he was the Surveyor General of Canada (1885–1924) and Canada's Director General for the Bureau of Surveys (1922–1924). During his lifetime, Canadian surveyors had used his phototopography to map 83,678 square kilometres, roughly the size of Ireland (84,421 square kilometres).
South African Class 8R 4-8-0
The South African Railways Class 8R 4-8-0 of 1930 was a steam locomotive.

In 1901 and 1902, the Cape Government Railways placed sixteen 8th Class 2-8-0 Consolidation type steam locomotives in service. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and reclassified to Class 8X. One of them was reboilered and converted to a 4-8-0 Mastodon type wheel arrangement in 1930 and reclassified to Class 8R.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."
Key Largo Limestone
The Key Largo Limestone is a geologic formation in Florida. It is a fossilized coral reef. The formation is exposed along the upper and middle Florida Keys from Soldier Key (at the north end of the Florida Keys) to the Bahia Honda Channel (at the west end of Bahia Honda Key). The islands form a long narrow arc concentric with the inner edge of the Florida Straits and with the Florida Reef. The limestone includes fossils of corals, mollusks and bryozoans. Fossilized coral head formations are visible in some exposures. The Key Largo Limestone continues in a narrow band underwater just offshore of the coast of Florida north of Soldier Key to the middle of the Palm Beach County coast, and southward just offshore of the lower Florida Keys to the Dry Tortugas.

Straits of Florida
The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait (Spanish: Estrecho de Florida) is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys (U.S.) and Cuba. It is 93 mi (150 km) wide at the narrowest point between Key West and the Cuban shore, and has been sounded to a depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 m). The strait carries the Florida Current, the beginning of the Gulf Stream, from the Gulf of Mexico.
Paul Soskin
Paul Soskin (23 February 1905 – 15 July 1975) was a Russian-born British screenwriter and film producer. Soskin was born in the Crimea, which was then part of the Russian Empire. His first few films in Britain were low-budget quota quickies, but his breakthrough came with the 1941 comedy Quiet Wedding starring Margaret Lockwood. In 1948, he produced director Roy Ward Baker's drama The Weaker Sex for Two Cities Films.

His daughter Tatiana married Roddy Llewellyn.

Cinematograph Films Act 1927
The Cinematograph Films Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. 29) was an act of the UK Parliament designed to stimulate the declining British film industry. It received royal assent on 22 December 1927 and came into force on 1 April 1928.