hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Veertien Strome
The Battle of Veertien Strome (Battle of Fourteen Streams, Battle of Veertienstrome, Vaal River, 4–6 May 1900) was a military engagement in the Second Boer War fought near Warrenton, Northern Cape, by Boer troops under Sarel du Toit and British troops under Paul Methuen. Du Toit failed to prevent the British from crossing the Vaal River and entering the South African Republic from the southwest. This British move would be part of Methuen's clearing of the Orange Free State, within the overall military advance on Pretoria.

Fourteen Streams is the broad section of the Vaal River just upstream (to the east) from the railway bridge on the Kimberley-Mafeking line where there are many islands in the river. Sarel du Toit commanded generals Andries Petrus Johannes Cronjé, Jan Celliers, Potgieter, Piet Liebenberg for Griqualand West and Sarel Oosthuizen of Krugersdorp Commando.

Sarel Oosthuizen
Sarel François Oosthuizen (Afrikaans: Rooibul van Krugersdorp, translation: Red bull of Krugersdorp), 22 March 1862 – 14 August 1900)  was a Boer War general. In 1920 he was posthumously awarded the Dekoratie Voor Trouwe Dienst, Anglo-Boeroorlog, 1899-1902 (D.T.D., translation: Decoration for Loyal Service).
Gülpınar, Hassa
Gülpınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hassa, Hatay Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 346 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 14 to 17 houses inhabited by Turks and 1 house by Greeks.

Martin Hartmann
Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies.

In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. From 1876 to 1887 he served as a dragoman at the German General Consulate in Beirut. From 1887 until his death in 1918 he taught classes at the Department of Oriental Languages in Berlin.

As a professor in Berlin he strove hard for the recognition of Islamic studies as an independent discipline. His numerous contributions to the field of Islamic studies were based on a sociological standpoint. Many of these works were published in the journal "Die Welt des Islams" (The World of Islam), a publication of the "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde", an organization that Hartmann was a co-founder of in 1912.
Kaj Birksted
Kaj Birksted (2  March 1915 – 21 January 1996) was a Danish flying ace during World War II where he served in the Royal Air Force (RAF), rising to the rank of wing commander in the RAF and lieutenant colonel in the Royal Norwegian Air Force.

Royal Norwegian Air Force
The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) (Norwegian: Luftforsvaret, lit. 'The Air Defence') is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximately 2,430 employees (officers, enlisted staff and civilians). 600 personnel also serve their draft period in the RNoAF. After mobilization, the RNoAF would consist of approximately 5,500 personnel.

The infrastructure of the RNoAF includes seven airbases (at Ørland, Rygge, Andøya, Evenes, Bardufoss, Bodø, and Gardermoen). It also has one control and reporting centre (in Sørreisa Municipality) and three training centres: Værnes in Stjørdal Municipality (about 32.7 kilometres (20.3 mi) northeast of Trondheim), Kjevik in Kristiansand Municipality, and at KNM Harald Haarfagre/Madlaleiren in Stavanger Municipality.
Body theory
In the sociology of the body, body theory is a theory that analyses the human body as an ordered or "lived-in" entity, subject to the cultural and conceptual forces of a society. It is also described as a dynamic field that involves various conceptualizations and re-significations of the body as well as its formation or transformation that affect how bodies are constructed, perceived, evaluated, and experienced.

Body theory is considered one of the traditional theories of personal identity. Noted thinkers who developed their respective body theories include Michel Foucault, Norbert Elias, Roland Barthes, and Yuasa Yasuo.

Biopower
Biopower (or biopouvoir in French), coined by French social theorist Michel Foucault, refers to various means by which modern nation states control their populations.  In Foucault's work, it has been used to refer to practices of public health, regulation of heredity, and risk regulation, among many other regulatory mechanisms often linked less directly with literal physical health. Foucault first used the term in his lecture courses at the Collège de France, and the term first appeared in print in The Will to Knowledge, Foucault's first volume of The History of Sexuality.  It is closely related to a term he uses much less frequently, but which subsequent thinkers have taken up independently, biopolitics, which aligns more closely with the examination of the strategies and mechanisms through which human life processes are managed under regimes of authority over knowledge, power, and the processes of subjectivation.
Grant Leitch
Grant Leitch is a former professional footballer who played primarily as a winger. Leitch played 25 Football League games for Blackpool between 1991 and 1994, scoring one goal in the competition, and went on to play for Conference club Halifax Town.

Halifax Town A.F.C.
Halifax Town Association Football Club was an English football club based in Halifax, West Yorkshire. They played in the English Football League from 1921 to 1993 and from 1998 to 2002.

The club was dissolved in 2008, but reformed that July under the name of FC Halifax Town.

The club's stadium was The Shay.
Colo Parish
The Parish of Colo is a parish of the County of Camden in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales. It is centred on the town of Colo Vale, and includes Aylmerton, Willow Vale, Alpine and Yerrinbool. It also includes the northern parts of Mittagong that are north of the Old Hume Highway. The new Hume Highway runs through the parish from south-west to north-east.

Its western boundary is the Nattai River and part of Gibbergunyah (Gibraltar) creek. The southern boundary for a large portion is the Old Hume Highway. The northern boundary is near, but not including Hill Top.  The eastern boundary is the Nepean River. Part of the boundary in the north-east is Forest Creek and the Bargo River.

The Picton Loop railway line runs through the parish from north to south, including the station at Colo Vale. The Southern Highlands section of the Main Southern railway line also passes through the parish, including Yerrinbool station.

Aylmerton, New South Wales
Aylmerton (/ˈeɪlməˌtɪn/) is a Northern Village of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia in the Wingecarribee Shire. It is located north-east of Mittagong.  The only buildings in Aylmerton are a fire station and houses, many of which are on farms.

There is also an Aylmerton in Norfolk, England.
1960 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1960 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French poet Saint-John Perse  (1887–1975) "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"

Anders Österling
Anders Österling (13 April 1884 – 13 December 1981) was a Swedish poet, critic and translator. In 1919 he was elected as a member of the Swedish Academy when he was 35 years old and served the Academy for 62 years, longer than any other member. He was the Academy's permanent secretary between 1941 and 1964, member of the Nobel committee from 1921 and the committees chairman between 1947 and 1970.
Jahanbani
Jahanbani (Persian: جهانبانی) is an Iranian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amanullah Jahanbani (1895–1974), Iranian general

Khosrow Jahanbani (1941–2014), son of Amanullah

Nader Jahanbani (1928–1979), Iranian general and fighter pilot, son of Amanullah

Mehr Monir Jahanbani (1926–2018), Iranian textile designer, and fashion designer, daughter of Amanullah

Showkat Malek Jahanbani (1908–1995), Iranian educator and politician

Nader Jahanbani
Nader Mirza Jahanbani (Persian: نادر جهانبانی, romanized: Nāder Jahānbānī; 16 April 1928 – 13 March 1979) was a distinguished general, fighter pilot, and deputy commander of the Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. He is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of the Iranian Air Force along with General Mohammad Khatami and General Amir Hossein Rabii, for growing and modernizing the IIAF to become a world class air force with advanced equipment and training, including the F-14 Tomcat, which would save Iran's crucial infrastructure during the Iran–Iraq War. He was the founder and leader of the Golden Crown, Iran's first and only precision flying demonstration team, and one of the oldest in the world.
NimbleTV
NimbleTV was a technology company that allowed subscribers to view live and time-shifted streams of over-the-air and cable television content on internet connected devices. The service was cloud-based and did not require hardware. The beta was rolled out in Spring 2012 and the service officially launched in New York City in December 2013.
NimbleTV has been described as a "slingbox and tivo put together" and as the "Anti-Aereo" service. because unlike Aereo, NimbleTV's business model improves existing pay TV.
Venture capital firms backing NimbleTV include Greycroft Partners, Tribeca Venture Partners and the Tribune Company.
NimbleTV was awarded the 2013 Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Award and is a 2014 Edison Awards Nominee.

In January 2015, NimbleTV shut down their service with a promise to launch a new product. A week after the shutdown, Synacor Inc. announced their acquisition of NimbleTV.

Greycroft
Greycroft LP is an American venture capital firm with over $3 billion in assets under management.

Notable investments by the firm have included Bird Global, Bumble, HuffPost, Goop, Scopely, The RealReal, and Venmo. Greycroft was founded in 2006 by Alan Patricof, Dana Settle, and Ian Sigalow. The firm is headquartered in New York City,  Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.
Oleg Yakovlev (footballer, born 1970)
Oleg Ivanovich Yakovlev (Russian: Олег Иванович Яковлев; born 5 July 1970) is a Russian professional football manager and a former player.

Yakovlev played in the Russian First League with FC Zvezda Irkutsk.

FC Zvezda Irkutsk
FC Zvezda Irkutsk (Russian: ФК Звезда Иркутск) was a Russian football club based in Irkutsk. Zvezda finished first in the Russian Second Division East in 2006, winning promotion to the Russian First Division. The club previously played in the First Division between 1992 and 1996, or five seasons, with a best result of fourth in the 1995 season.

On October 23, 2008, the club had to stop participation in the Russian First Division due to lack of funds, their main sponsor Interavia airlines was having financial problems at the time.
Battle of Ecbatana
The Battle of Ecbatana was fought in 129 BC between the Seleucids led by Antiochus VII Sidetes and the Parthians led by Phraates II, and marked the final attempt on the part of the Seleucids to regain their power in the east against the Parthians. After their defeat, the territory of the Seleucids was limited to the area of Syria.

Seleucis of Syria
Seleucis of Syria (Ancient Greek: Σελευκίς τῆς Συρίας Seleukís tês Surías) was a region of the Seleucid Empire located in northern Syria. It was also known as the Syrian Tetrapolis,

on account of its four most important cities, for it had many. These four were, Antioch, Seleuceia in Pieria, Apameia, and Laodiceia (xvi. p. 749). It also comprehended, according to Strabo, four satrapies; and it is clear that he uses the name in a much wider sense than Ptolemy, who places the four cities of the tetrapolis of Strabo's Seleucis in so many separate districts; Antioch in Cassiotis, Apameia in Apamene, Laodiceia in Laodicene, while he only implies, but does not state, that Seleuceia lies in Seleucis."

The four cities had been founded by Seleucus I Nicator;

Antioch—named after his father and the largest city.

Laodiceia—after his mother.

Apameia—after his wife Apama.

Seleuceia in Pieria—eponym of Seleucus.
Conor Phelan
Conor Phelan (born 1983) is an Irish hurler who played as a left wing-forward for the Kilkenny senior team.

Phelan joined the team during the 2003 championship and made several appearances as a substitute until illness forced him to retire after just two seasons. During that time he won one All-Ireland winners' medal.

At club level Phelan plays with the Clara club.

In January 2021, he joined Kilkenny's senior hurling management team for the 2021 season.

2004 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 2004 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship was the 41st staging of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament for players under the age of twenty-one. The championship began on 2 June 2004 and ended on 18 September 2004.

Kilkenny were the defending champions.

The All-Ireland final was played on 18 September 2004 at Nowlan Park in Kilkenny, between Kilkenny and Tipperary, in what was their first meeting in a final in 9 years. Kilkenny won the match by 3-21 to 1-06 to claim their 9th championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Tipperary's Tony Scroope was the championship's top scorer with 5-20.
Jim Littell
James Alan Littell (born September 28, 1955) is a former head coach of the Oklahoma State University women's basketball team. He is currently an assistant coach for the Wichita State.

Littell spent 14 seasons as the head coach at Seward County Community College, where he had a record of 418–61 (.873) and recorded nine conference titles. In 2005 he became an assistant coach at Oklahoma State under new coach Kurt Budke.

After Budke's death in a plane crash on November 17, 2011, Littell was promoted to head coach, and led the team to the 2012 Women's National Invitation Tournament championship.

On March 7, 2022, it was announced that Littell and Oklahoma State agreed to part ways after 11 years as head coach.

Wichita State Shockers women's basketball
The Wichita State Shockers women's basketball team is the NCAA Division I college basketball program representing Wichita State University in Wichita, Kansas. The team is a member of the American Athletic Conference, after 43 seasons in the Missouri Valley Conference.
Songs from the Chinese Poets
Songs from the Chinese Poets are series of settings in six parts by Granville Bantock. The English song texts were mainly supplied by Captain L. A. Cranmer Byng (1872-1945), who had also supplied the text for Choral Suite from the Chinese (1914). Launcelot Alfred Cranmer-Byng was part of the Byng baronets family and wrote various books on China.

In 1933 the first set were also arranged in the form of a four movement string quartet under the title In a Chinese Mirror. It was recorded for the first time by the Tippett Quartet in 2021.

Bantock also set other English translations of Chinese poetry from Edward Powys Mathers (Five Chinese Songs) and Herbert Giles (Ten Songs from the Chinese, 1943).

Herbert Giles
Herbert Allen Giles (Chinese: 翟理斯, romanized: Zhái Lǐsī; 8 December 1845 – 13 February 1935) was a British diplomat and sinologist who held the Professorship of Chinese at the University of Cambridge for 35 years. Giles was educated at Charterhouse School before becoming a British diplomat in China. He modified a Mandarin Chinese romanization system established by Thomas Wade, resulting in the widely known Wade–Giles Chinese romanization system. Among his many works were translations of the Analects of Confucius, the Lao Tzu (Tao Te Ching), the Chuang Tzu, and, in 1892, the widely published A Chinese–English Dictionary.
Kaiseki
Kaiseki (懐石) or kaiseki-ryōri (懐石料理) is a traditional multi-course Japanese dinner. The term also refers to the collection of skills and techniques that allow the preparation of such meals and is analogous to Western haute cuisine.

There are two kinds of traditional Japanese meal styles called kaiseki or kaiseki-ryōri. The first, where kaiseki is written as "会席" and kaiseki-ryōri as "会席料理", refers to a set menu of select food served on an individual tray (to each member of a gathering). The second, written as "懐石" and as "懐石料理", refers to the simple meal that the host of a chanoyu gathering serves to the guests before a ceremonial tea, and is also known as cha-kaiseki (茶懐石). The development of nouvelle cuisine was likely inspired by kaiseki principles.

Miso soup
Miso soup (味噌汁 or お味噌汁, miso-shiru or omiso-shiru; お-/o- being honorific) is a traditional Japanese soup consisting of miso in a dashi stock. It is commonly served as part of an ichijū-sansai (一汁三菜) meal 'one soup, three dishes' consisting of rice, soup, and side dishes. Optional ingredients based on region and season may be added, such as wakame, tofu, negi, abura-age, and mushrooms. Along with suimono (clear soups), miso soup is one of the two basic soup types of Japanese cuisine. It is a representative of soup dishes served with rice.

Miso soup is also called omiotsuke (御御御付) in some parts of Japan, especially around Tokyo.
Janet Hemingway
Janet Hemingway (born 13 June 1957) is a British infectious diseases specialist. She is the former director of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), founding director of the Infection Innovation Consortium (iiCON) and Professor of Tropical Medicine at LSTM. She is the president of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. She is the international director of the Joint Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Jizan, Saudi Arabia.

Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Infectious diseases (ID), also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections. An infectious diseases specialist's practice consists of managing nosocomial (healthcare-acquired) infections or community-acquired infections. An ID specialist investigates and determines the cause of a disease (bacteria, virus, parasite, fungus or prions). Once the cause is known, an ID specialist can then run various tests to determine the best drug to treat the disease. While infectious diseases have always been around, the infectious disease specialty did not exist until the late 1900s after scientists and physicians in the 19th century paved the way with research on the sources of infectious disease and the development of vaccines.
Pobalscoil Chloich Cheannfhaola
Pobalscoil Chloich Cheannfhaola (PCC), also known as PCC Falcarragh,  is a voluntary/state-funded, coeducational, inter-denominational secondary school in Falcarragh, County Donegal, Ireland. Located north of the town centre of Falcarragh, its catchment area includes the districts of Cloughaneely, Dunfanaghy and Creeslough, although they have also traditionally attracted some students from Gweedore and The Rosses.

St Michael's GAA (Donegal)
St Michael's (CLG Naomh Mícheál) is a GAA club based in Creeslough/Dunfanaghy in County Donegal. Located in the north of the county, the club is affected by rural issues such as low population and emigration; despite this they play at the top level in the Donegal Senior Football Championship and opened a new clubhouse in 2010. The club colours are red and white.

The club plays at the Bridge in Dunfanaghy.

The club has rivalries with Cloich Cheann Fhaola, CLG Na nDúnaibh and Glenswilly.
Jean Jaurès
Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès (3 September 1859 – 31 July 1914), commonly referred to as Jean Jaurès (French: [ʒɑ̃ ʒɔʁɛs] ⓘ; Occitan: Joan Jaurés [dʒuˈan dʒawˈɾes]), was a French socialist leader. Initially a Moderate Republican, he later became a social democrat and one of the first possibilists (the reformist wing of the socialist movement) and in 1902 the leader of the French Socialist Party, which opposed Jules Guesde's revolutionary Socialist Party of France. The two parties merged in 1905 into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). An antimilitarist, he was assassinated in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I but remains one of the main historical figures of the French Left. As a heterodox Marxist, Jaurès rejected the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat and tried to conciliate idealism and materialism, individualism and collectivism, democracy and class struggle, and patriotism and internationalism.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
William Henry Goodrich
William Henry Goodrich (January 19, 1823 – July 11, 1874) was a 19th-century American clergyman, the namesake of the Goodrich Social Settlement in Cleveland, Ohio. He served as pastor of First Church, Bristol, Connecticut (1850-54); Presbyterian Church, Binghamton, New York (1854-58); and First Presbyterian Church (Old Stone Church), Cleveland (1858-72). He served as president of Alpha Delta Phi.

Bristol, Connecticut
Bristol is a suburban city located in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, 20 miles (32 km) southwest-west of Hartford. The city is also 120 miles southwest from Boston, and approximately 100 miles northeast of New York City. The city is part of the Naugatuck Valley Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 60,833.

Bristol is the location of the general headquarters of ESPN, the location of Lake Compounce, the United States's oldest continuously operating theme park, and is facing approval in 2024 to become home to one of the largest biomedical waste incineration operations in the United States.

Bristol was known as a clock-making city in the 19th century, and is the location of American Clock & Watch Museum. Bristol is also the site of the former American Silver Company and its predecessor companies.

Bristol's nickname is the "Mum City", because it was once a leader in chrysanthemum production and still holds an annual Bristol Mum Festival.
Judo at the 1993 East Asian Games
The Judo competition at the 1993 East Asian Games was contested in eight weight classes, eight each for men and women.

This competition was held at Jiading Gymnasium (Chinese: 嘉定体育馆), from May 14 to 17, 1993. South Korea dominated the medals table, with gold in 7 events, followed by five gold medals for China and four for Japan.

1993 East Asian Games
The 1st East Asian Games were held in Shanghai, People's Republic of China from 9 to18 May 1993. The main stadium for the inaugural edition of the games was the Hongkou Football Stadium.

Shanghai also hosted a number of sports-themed exhibitions to coincide with the games, including exhibitions of photography, art and stamps. A total of 9 nations competed across twelve sports. Julio Iglesias and Wei Wei performed a duet at the games closing ceremony. The hosts, China, topped the medal table, winning almost two-thirds of the gold medals on offer and 40% of the overall total of 534 medal. Japan was the second-most successful nation, winning 25 gold medals.