hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan
Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan (SHHK) (traditional Chinese: 新加坡福建會館; simplified Chinese: 新加坡福建会馆; pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Fújiàn Huìguǎn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-pho Hok-kiàn Hōe-koán), or the Singapore Hokkien Association in English, is a cultural and educational foundation. It was established in 1840 to promote education, social welfare and the preservation of the Chinese language and culture among Chinese Singaporean and other Overseas Chinese groups in Southeast Asia. As of 2014, the SHHK, which has 5000 members, is the largest clan association in Singapore.

Overseas Chinese
Overseas Chinese people or the Chinese diaspora are a diaspora people of Chinese origin who reside outside Greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan). As of 2011, there were over 40.3 million overseas Chinese. As of 2023, there were 10.5 million people living outside mainland China who were born in mainland China, corresponding to 0.7 percent of China's population. Overall, China has a low percent of its population living overseas.
Âu Văn Hoàn
Âu Văn Hoàn (born 1 October 1989 in Nghệ An) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a right back for Bắc Ninh. He formerly played for other teams including SHB Đà Nẵng, Hồ Chí Minh City, Hải Phòng and the Vietnam national team. Văn Hoàn is part of Vietnam's Christian minority.

Nghệ An province
Nghệ An (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋêˀ ān] ⓘ) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Thanh Hóa to the north, Hà Tĩnh to the south, Laos to the west, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east. Nghệ An is located on the east–west economic corridor connecting Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam along National Route 7 to the port of Cửa Lò.

Nghệ An and Thanh Hoá were the bases of the Lê dynasty against the Mạc dynasty in the 1530s.
Christian Wissel
Christian Wissel, originally a physicist and professor at the University of Marburg, is an important founding father of modern ecological modelling in Germany. He established an influential department at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) and led it until his retirement in 2005.

Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
The work of the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ (prior to 28 November 2006 UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH) covers both basic research and applied research.

The UFZ was established on 12 December 1991. The Centre commenced its research activities on 2 January 1992. The UFZ has locations in Leipzig, Halle and Magdeburg in Germany. In addition, it operates an experimental station in Bad Lauchstädt. The UFZ employs a total of about 1,259 employees (as of December 2024).

The UFZ has been operating KUBUS, a modern communications and event venue in Leipzig, since 2004. KUBUS has flexible event spaces in a range of sizes and accommodates up to 550 people.
Chroma III
Chroma III was an American film production company that made a number of movies in the 1980s. The company was established by Ken Dalton, a former actor, and Jeff Begun, who had previously made four films for Roger Corman, including Saturday the 14th. Corman provided seed money for their production company, Chroma III, to make the film independently, serving as an uncredited producer.

Saturday the 14th
Saturday the 14th is a 1981 American comedy horror film starring real-life husband and wife Paula Prentiss and Richard Benjamin, co-written and directed by Howard R. Cohen and produced by Julie Corman.

Despite the implications of the film's title, it is a spoof of classic horror movies from the 1930s and 1940s, and not a parody of the Friday the 13th series or of slasher films of that type from the 1980s. It was followed by Saturday the 14th Strikes Back in 1988.

In the film, the Hyatt family inherits the house of a deceased uncle, and its magical book. The family's son reads the book and unwittingly unleashes monsters from its pages. The family has interactions with the vampire Waldemar and the would-be world-conqueror Van Helsing, who each want to acquire the book.
SV Poortugaal
Sportvereniging Poortugaal, commonly known as SV Poortugaal, is a Dutch football club based in Poortugaal, South Holland. Founded in 2018 through a merger between PSV Poortugaal and VV Oude Maas, the club competes in the Vierde Divisie, the fifth tier of the Dutch football league system.

Its predecessor clubs date back to 1927 and 1947 respectively and were long active in regional amateur competitions. The club plays its home matches at Sportpark Polder Albrandswaard and traditionally wears red and black.

South Holland
South Holland (Dutch: Zuid-Holland [ˌzœyt ˈɦɔlɑnt] ⓘ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about 1,410/km2 (3,700/sq mi), making it the country's most populous province and one of the world's most densely populated areas. Situated on the North Sea in the west of the Netherlands, South Holland covers an area of 3,308 km2 (1,277 sq mi), of which 609 km2 (235 sq mi) is water. It borders North Holland to the north, Utrecht and Gelderland to the east, and North Brabant and Zeeland to the south. The provincial capital is the Dutch seat of government The Hague, while its largest city is Rotterdam. The Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta drains through South Holland into the North Sea. Europe's busiest seaport, the Port of Rotterdam, is located in South Holland.
Thomas Powell (archdeacon of Port Elizabeth)
Christianity portal

Thomas Bertram Powell was a twentieth century Anglican priest, most notably Archdeacon of Port Elizabeth from 1949 to 1964.

Powell was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford and Wells Theological College. He was ordained deacon in 1920, and priest in 1921. After Curacies in Mexborough, Doncaster and Hong Kong he went to South Africa in 1929. he served at Grahamstown, East London and Port Elizabeth, where he was Rector of St Cuthbert's Church.

Pembroke College, Oxford
Pembroke College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is located on Pembroke Square, Oxford. The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England and VI of Scotland, using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale, and was named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University.

Like many Oxford colleges, Pembroke previously accepted men only, admitting its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979. As of 2020, Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.9 million. Pembroke College provides almost the full range of study available at Oxford University.

A former Senior President of Tribunals and Lord Justice of Appeal, Sir Ernest Ryder, has held the post of Master of Pembroke since 2020.
Beautifully Broken (2025 film)
Beautifully Broken is a 2025 American documentary film directed and written by Daniel Herzog. The film follows ultra-runner and mental health advocate Jared Buchanan as he embarks on the Cocodona 250 ultramarathon in the Arizona desert. This journey serves to honor the tenth anniversary of his father's suicide and aims to raise awareness about mental health challenges, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide prevention.

Cocodona 250
The Cocodona 250 is an ultramarathon put on annually by Aravaipa Running in Flagstaff, Arizona, since 2021. The race was started by Jamil Coury, a self-described "fourth generation Arizonan," and spans 256.5 miles with an estimated elevation gain of roughly 40,000 feet and elevation loss of 35,000 feet. The Cocodona 250 is typically held in the first week of May.

The record time for the completion of the Cocodona 250 is held by Dan Green, who finished in 58 hours, 47 minutes, and 18 seconds in 2025. The recorder-holder for fastest time by a female is Rachel Entrekin, who finished in 63 hours, 50 minutes, and 55 seconds in 2025. The youngest person ever to finish the Cocodona 250 is 17-year-old Brady Chisholm from Salem, New Hampshire, who finished the 2024 Cocodona 250 on May 9, 2024, and the oldest is 73-year-old Michael Koppy from Duluth, Minnesota, who finished the 2024 Cocodona 250 on May 10, 2024.
Carlo Troya
Carlo Troya (also spelled Troja; 7 June 1784 – 28 July 1858) was a historian and politician who served as Prime Minister of the Two Sicilies from 3 April 1848 until 15 May 1848. Politically, he was a liberal Neo-Guelph who supported Italian unification. His primary historical interest was the study of the Early Middle Ages, to which he made lasting contributions.

Treccani
Institute Giovanni Treccani for the publication of the Italian Encyclopedia (Italian: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Treccani), also known as Treccani Institute or simply Treccani, is a cultural institution of national interest, active in the publishing field, founded by Giovanni Treccani and Giovanni Gentile in 1925. It is known for publishing the first edition and the subsequent ten supplements of the Italian Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Arts (Italian: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti).
Navamalai
Navamalai is a small village in the panchayat town of Kottur-Malayandipattinam in Coimbatore District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is inside Anamalai Tiger Reserve. The village is also home to the Aliyar Power House, a large hyrdoelectric power station operated by the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation.

Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation
The Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) is an electrical power generation and distribution public sector undertaking owned by the Government of Tamil Nadu. It was formed on 1 November 2010 under section 131 of the Electricity Act of 2003, and is the successor to the erstwhile Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. The electricity board's generation and distribution wings are its nucleus.  TANGEDCO is a subsidiary of TNEB Limited. From July 13 2024, TANGEDCO has been trifurcated into 3 organizations namely Tamil Nadu Power Generation Corporation Limited (TNPGCL), Tamil Nadu Power Distribution Corporation Limited (TNPDCL), Tamil Nadu Green Energy Corporation Limited (TNGECL).
Vanja Vučićević
Vanja Vučićević (Serbian Cyrillic: Вања Вучићевић; born 22 March 1998) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Montenegrin club Arsenal Tivat. He is the son of fellow footballer Nebojša Vučićević.

Serbia national under-19 football team
The Serbia national under-19 football team (Serbian: Омладинска репрезентација Србије, romanized: Omladinska reprezentacija Srbije) is the national under-19 football team of Serbia and is controlled by the Football Association of Serbia. The team is considered the successor to the Serbia and Montenegro national under-19 football team, which in turn was the successor to the Yugoslavia national under-19 football team.

Serbia won their first U19 title as independent country at the 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, where they beat France in the final 1–0.
Zanstra method
The Zanstra method is a method to determine the temperature of central stars of planetary nebulae. It was developed by Herman Zanstra in 1927.

It is assumed that the nebula is optically thick in the Lyman continuum, which means that all ionizing photons from the central star are absorbed inside the nebula.
Based on this assumption, the intensity ratio of a stellar reference frequency to a nebular line such as Hβ can be used to determine the central star's effective temperature.

Balmer series
The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885.

The visible spectrum of light from hydrogen displays four wavelengths, 410 nm, 434 nm, 486 nm, and 656 nm, that correspond to emissions of photons by electrons in excited states transitioning to the quantum level described by the principal quantum number n equals 2. There are several prominent ultraviolet Balmer lines with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. The series continues with an infinite number of lines whose wavelengths asymptotically approach the limit of 364.5 nm in the ultraviolet.

After Balmer's discovery, five other hydrogen spectral series were discovered, corresponding to electrons transitioning to values of n other than two.
Bald Eagle (horse)
Bald Eagle (1955–1977) was an American-bred Thoroughbred Eclipse Award-winning racehorse who competed successfully in both the United Kingdom and the United States. He won the Washington, D.C. International Stakes twice, in 1959 and 1960.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
Berkhamsted Rural District
51°45′43″N 0°34′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.762°N 0.570°W﻿ / 51.762; -0.570

Berkhamsted Rural District  was a rural district in Hertfordshire, England from 1894 to 1974, covering an area to the west of the county. Until 1937 the official spelling of the district's name was Berkhampstead Rural District.

Rural district
A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the administrative counties.
Minnesota Department of Health
The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) is the state health agency of the State of Minnesota in the United States. The department has four offices in Saint Paul and seven outside of the Twin Cities metropolitan area: Bemidji, Duluth, Fergus Falls, Mankato, Marshall, Rochester, and St. Cloud.

The agency was established in 1977 after the abolition of the state board of health, which had existed since 1872.

The agency is responsible for Minnesotans' public health, including disease control and prevention, environmental health, public policy, and regulation of health care providers. Additionally, it runs an immunization program and reports on the quality of clinical care in hospitals and clinics across the state.

On September 15, 2021, the Minnesota Department of Health announced the release of Docket, a free mobile application that enables consumer access to the Minnesota Immunization Information Connection (MIIC) system.

Environmental health
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. Its study determines the requirements for a healthy environment, with the goal of effective control over the factors that affect health. The major sub-disciplines of environmental health are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and environmental and occupational medicine.
Arrondissement of Alès
The arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France in the Gard department in the Occitanie region. It has 95 communes. Its population is 153,189 (2021), and its area is 1,273.9 km2 (491.9 sq mi).

Occitania (administrative region)
Occitania (French: Occitanie [ɔksitani] ⓘ; Occitan: Occitània [utsiˈtanjɔ]; Catalan: Occitània [uksiˈtaniə]) is the southernmost administrative region of metropolitan France excluding Corsica, located in the south of the country, created on 1 January 2016 from the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. The Council of State approved Occitania as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016, coming into effect on 30 September 2016.

The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region of Occitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by the Counts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as the Occitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
The Adventuress of Henrietta Street
The Adventuress of Henrietta Street is a BBC Books original novel written by Lawrence Miles and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji.

BBC Books
BBC Books (also formerly known as BBC Consumer Publishing and BBC Publishing) is an imprint majority-owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division. The minority shareholder is BBC Studios, the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The imprint has been active since the 1980s.

BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming, including cookery, natural history, lifestyle, and behind the scenes "making-of" books. There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list.

Amongst BBC Books' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith, wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh. In the BBC Publishing days, it turned down The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide.
Standard Fireworks (India)
Standard Fireworks is a company based in Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India, which manufactures safety matches, firecrackers, and other fireworks. It was founded by N. R. K. Rajarathnam in 1942 in Sivakasi. The company started by manufacturing matchsticks and later expanded to fireworks.

First directors of standard fireworks were K.A.A.Sankaralingam, K.A.A.Arunachalam, A.Chelladurai and Yennarkay R Ravindran

Standard Fireworks has partnerships with China-based manufacturers.

The company reported a 45% market-share in India and 5% of global exports. Standard Fireworks' Sivakasi facilities are spread over 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) land, using only 10% of the total land area out of environmental and safety concerns. The company employs over 10,000 personnel.

Match
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks. The coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder, often colored for easier inspection. There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.
Rip Raps Plantation
Rip Raps Plantation, also known as the James McBride Dabbs House, is a historic plantation house and national historic district located near Sumter, Sumter County, South Carolina. It was the home of James McBride Dabbs, author and leading advocate for social justice and civil rights (1896-1970).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Sumter County, South Carolina
Sumter County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,556. Its county seat is Sumter. Sumter County comprises the Sumter, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Columbia-Sumter-Orangeburg, SC Combined Statistical Area. The county is also part of "The Midlands" area.

It is the home of Shaw AFB, headquarters to the 9th Air Force, AFCENT, United States Army Central, with a number of other tenant units. It is one of largest bases in the USAF's Air Combat Command.

On September 17, 2024, the National Park Service announced that the City of Sumter and Sumter County were jointly named a World War II Heritage City.

In Sumter County, there is somewhat of a large population of people with Turkish ancestry that descend from Joseph Benenhaley (1753-1823) and other Turks who fled the Ottoman Empire and settled in Sumter County to serve in the American Revolution.
Newton's theorem about ovals
In mathematics, Newton's theorem about ovals states that the area cut off by a secant of a smooth convex oval is not an algebraic function of the secant.

Isaac Newton stated it as lemma 28 of section VI of book 1 of Newton's Principia, and used it to show that the position of a planet moving in an orbit is not an algebraic function of time.  There has been some controversy about whether or not this theorem is correct because Newton did not state exactly what he meant by an oval, and for some interpretations of the word oval the theorem is correct, while for others it is false.  If "oval" means merely a continuous closed convex curve, then there are counterexamples, such as triangles or one of the lobes of Huygens lemniscate y2 = x2 − x4, while Arnold (1989) pointed that if "oval" an infinitely differentiable convex curve then Newton's claim is correct and his argument has the essential steps of a rigorous proof.

Vassiliev (2002) generalized Newton's theorem to higher dimensions.

Lemniscate of Gerono
In algebraic geometry, the lemniscate of Gerono, or lemniscate of Huygens, or figure-eight curve, is a plane algebraic curve of degree four and genus zero and is a lemniscate curve shaped like an  symbol, or figure eight. It has equation

It was studied by Camille-Christophe Gerono.
The Far-Out Son of Lung and the Ramblings of a Madman
The Far-Out Son of Lung and the Ramblings of a Madman is an EP which was released by Future Sound of London in 1995 to promote the album ISDN. Unlike the band's other EPs, there are no variations on a theme here, simply album versions of the tracks segued together in a new way.  The only exception is Snake Hips, which appears in an extended version sometimes referred to as "Snake Hips (Parts 1 & 2)".

ISDN (album)
ISDN is an album by the electronic music duo the Future Sound of London (hence FSOL). It was released in two different versions in 1994 and 1995 through Virgin Records. The music is edited together from various live broadcasts that the band had transmitted to radio stations all over the world using an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), a new technology at the time. Its first release in December 1994 entered the Chart Information Network's (CIN) Dance Albums Chart at no. 1. The band repeated the format in 1997 with the limited edition ISDN Show, another live album of ISDN broadcasts.
Takanori Ichimura
Takanori Ichimura (市村 尊則, Ichimura Takanori, born March 7, 1979) is a Japanese male curler.

At the international level, he is a 2001 Pacific champion curler, a three-time Pacific bronze medallist (2000, 2002, 2004) and a two-time Asian Winter Games silver medallist (2003, 2007).

At the national level, he is a four-time Japan men's champion curler (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003).

2001 Pacific Curling Championships
The 2001 Pacific Curling Championships were held from November 6 to 10 at the Jeonju Indoor Ice Rink in Jeonju, South Korea.

Japan's Hiroaki Kashiwagi won the men's event over New Zealand's Sean Becker (it was the second Pacific title for the Japanese men's team and the first title for skip Hiroaki Kashiwagi). On the women's side, South Korea's Kim Mi-yeon defeated Japan's Akiko Katoh in the final (it was the first Pacific title for the South Korean women).

By virtue of winning, the Japanese men's team and the South Korean women's team qualified for the 2002 World Men's and Women's Curling Championships in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States.

It was the first appearance at the Pacific championships for the men's and women's teams of Chinese Taipei.