hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catholic Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania
The Catholic Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania (CHSWP) is a historical society based in western Pennsylvania. The mission of the CHSWP is to teach and disseminate knowledge of the history of the Catholic Church in western Pennsylvania and the United States, while also working to preserve documents, records, and artifacts related to that history. The Society was founded in 1940 and publishes an annual journal, Gathered Fragments.

Historical society
A historical society is non-profit organization dedicated to collecting, preserving, interpreting, and promoting the history of a particular place, group of people, or topic. They play a crucial role in promoting historical awareness and understanding by providing a platform for research, education, and public engagement.

Historical societies vary in specialization, with focuses ranging from specific geographical areas such as countries, states/provinces or cities/towns, ethnographic such as ethnic and genealogical, and topical such as transportation, event based, or military history.
Lina Nilsson
Lina Therese Nilsson (born 17 June 1987) is a Swedish retired footballer who played for FC Rosengård and the Sweden national team. Normally a full-back, she can also play as a wide midfielder. She joined Malmö FF Dam in 2006 and has remained with the club through its different guises as LdB FC and FC Rosengård. Since winning her first Sweden cap in July 2009, Nilsson has represented her country in the 2009 and 2013 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship, as well as the 2011 and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cups. She also played at the 2012 Olympic football tournament.

On 5 October 2017, she announced her retirement from her playing career.

Swedish Football Association
The Swedish Football Association (Swedish: Svenska Fotbollförbundet, SvFF) is the governing and body of football in Sweden. It organises the football leagues – Allsvenskan for men and Damallsvenskan for women – and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in Solna and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. SvFF is supported by 24 district organisations.
Default effect
The default effect, a concept within the study of nudge theory, explains the tendency for an agent to generally accept the default option in a strategic interaction. The default option is the course of action that the agent, or chooser, will obtain if he or she does not specify a particular course of action. The default effect has broad applications for firms attempting to "nudge" their customers in the direction of the firm's optimal outcome. Experiments and observational studies show that making an option a default increases the likelihood that such an option is chosen. There are two broad classes of defaults: mass defaults and personalised defaults. Setting or changing defaults has been proposed and applied by firms as an effective way of influencing behaviour—for example, with respect to setting air-conditioner temperature settings, giving consent to receive e-mail marketing, or automatic subscription renewals.

Email marketing
Email marketing is the act of sending a commercial message, typically to a group of people, using email. In its broadest sense, every email sent to a potential or current customer could be considered email marketing. It involves using email to send advertisements, request business, or solicit sales or donations. The term usually refers to sending email messages with the purpose of enhancing a merchant's relationship with current or previous customers, encouraging customer loyalty and repeat business, acquiring new customers or convincing current customers to purchase something immediately, and sharing third-party ads.
W3C Prov
PROV is a set of recommended standards of the World Wide Web Consortium.  These include its data model, an XML schema for that model, an OWL2 ontology mapping that model to RDF, and a mapping from that ontology to Dublin Core.  It also includes a notation standard for provenance that is easy for humans to read; methods for accessing and querying prov; and a few other subspecifications.

The PROV standard defines a data model, serializations, and definitions to support the interchange of provenance information on the Web. Here provenance includes all "information about entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness".

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Verity Crawley
Verity Crawley (born 19 July 1994) is an English professional bowler who competes on the Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) Tour in the United States. In 2012 Crawley moved from England to Babson Park, Florida to join the bowling program at Webber International University. In 2017, she began competing professionally on the PWBA Tour.

Crawley is sponsored by Storm Bowling, VISE grips, Bowler X and Coolwick Bowling apparel.

British Tenpin Bowling Association
The British Tenpin Bowling Association (BTBA) is the official governing body of ten-pin bowling in the United Kingdom, affiliated to Sport England.

It is the official sanctioning body, recognised by International Bowling Federation, the sport's world governing body, for all competitions, leagues and tournaments held in the UK, and is the organisation responsible for the protection, integrity and development of the sport. It also oversees coaching for tenpin bowling at all levels, and is the official awarding body for formal coaching qualifications. The BTBA had a monthly magazine to keep members up to date with the latest news in the sport but nowadays news can mainly be found on Facebook.
Barbara Kerr
Barbara Simpson Kerr is a retired equestrian from Canada who won a gold medal at the 1971 Pan American Games and a bronze medal at the 1974 Show Jumping World Championships. She also won the 1967 and 1981 national jumping titles, the 1969 Aachen Horse Show, the 1972 Rothman's Grand Prix, and the 1972 Calgary International Horse Show.

1971 Pan American Games
The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games (Spanish: VI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Cali 1971, were held in Cali, Colombia, from 30 July to 13 August 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in 17 sports. (One source put the number of competing athletes at 4,000.)
Ram Lakhan Prasad Gupta
Ram Lakhan Prasad Gupta (1926-1985)  was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Bihar. He was a member of Rajya Sabha for the periods of 1970 -76 and 1978-84. He was also a member of Bihar Legislative Council and  served as state president of Bihar unit of Bharatiya Jan Sangh.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated as BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh; lit. 'All-India People's Union') was a Hindutva political party active in India. It was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindutva paramilitary organisation. In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre, and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party. In 1980, the members of the erstwhile Jan Sangh quit Janata Party after its defeat in the 1980 general election and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh. In Bihar, Ramdeo Mahto considered as founding leader of Bharatiya Janata Party – Bihar, because he brought BJP Into the power in Bihar, he elected as a candidate of Bhartiya Jana Sangh to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1969 Assembly elections from Patna East Assembly constituency.
Kyrou
Kyrou is a surname of Greek origin, being most used in Greece (about 1,600 individuals, making it the 818th most common) and most dense in Cyprus (about 300 individuals, placing it in the 320th most common category). Notable people with this surname include:

Adonis A. Kyrou (1923–1985), Greek filmmaker and writer

Christian Kyrou (born 2003), Canadian ice hockey defenceman

Emilios Kyrou (born 1959), Greek-Australian jurist

Jordan Kyrou (born 1998), Canadian ice hockey player

Kleitos Kyrou (1921–2006), Greek poet and translator

Pavlos Kyrou (1860s–1904), Greek revolutionary

Yiannis Kyrou (1942–1991), Greek scenic and costume designer

Emilios Kyrou
Emilios Kyrou (Greek: Αιμίλιος Κύρου; born 8 November 1959) AO is a Greek-Australian jurist and former lawyer. He is the inaugural President of the Administrative Review Tribunal and was the last President of its predecessor, the former Administrative Appeals Tribunal. He has served as a judge of the Federal Court of Australia since 8 June 2023.

Between 2014 and 2023, Kyrou served as a judge of the Court of Appeal, Supreme Court of Victoria. Justice Kyrou was a judge in the Trial Division of that court between 2008 and 2014.

Before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Victoria, Kyrou was a partner at Mallesons Stephen Jaques (now King & Wood Mallesons), where his areas of practice included insurance law, government law and dispute resolution.

Kyrou is the author of several leading legal texts, a commentator on law reform and supporter of pro bono work.
Jamaine Wray
Jamaine Wray (born 15 March 1984) is a Jamaican former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for Jamaica, and at club level for Castleford Tigers (2003's Super League VIII squad), Hunslet Hawks, York City Knights and Keighley Cougars, as a hooker, or loose forward.

Demographics of Jamaica
Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean. The country had a population of 2,825,352 as of 2023, having the fourth largest population in the region.

Jamaica's annual population growth rate stood at 0.08% in 2022. As of 2023,  68.9% of Jamaicans were Christians in 2011, predominantly Protestant.

The racial demographics in the island of Jamaica are as follows: 76.3% African, 15.1% Afro-European, 3.4% Indian or Afro-Indian, 3.2% White, 1.2% Chinese or Afro-Chinese and 0.8% Others (2024 est.).

Wealth or economic power in Jamaica is disproportionately held by White Jamaicans, Chinese Jamaicans, Lebanese/Syrian Jamaicans, Indian Jamaicans and mixed-race Jamaicans (or locally called the Brown Man or Browning)— despite being minority groups (less than 25% of the country's population), they control most of the country's wealth.

Roughly 10 per cent of the population, controls over 60% of Jamaica’s wealth.
Mark Baum
Mark Baum (1903–1997) was a Polish-born American painter known initially for his self-taught landscapes and cityscapes who later developed a unique non-objective painting style focused on a single, unique glyph he called "the element." Baum's early work had considerable success in New York in the late 1920s through the early 1940s, with a number of solo shows and museum placements at the Whitney Museum and the Frick, but following World War II, Baum withdrew from the New York art scene to Cape Neddick, Maine, where he lived and painted in relative obscurity from the mid-1950s until his death.

Cityscape
In the visual arts, a cityscape (urban landscape) is an artistic representation, such as a painting, drawing, print or photograph, of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is the urban equivalent of a landscape. Townscape is roughly synonymous with cityscape, though it implies the same difference in urban size and density (and even modernity) implicit in the difference between the words city and town.  In urban design the terms refer to the configuration of built forms and interstitial space.
Hydrazinium
Hydrazinium is the cation with the formula [N2H5]+. This cation has a methylamine-like structure ([H2N−NH3]+). It can be derived from hydrazine by protonation (treatment with a strong acid). Hydrazinium is a weak acid with pKa = 8.1.

Salts of hydrazinium are common reagents in chemistry and are often used in certain industrial processes. Notable examples are hydrazinium hydrogensulfate, N2H6SO4 or [N2H5]+[HSO4]−, and hydrazinium azide, N5H5 or [N2H5]+[N3]−. In the common names of such salts, the cation is often called "hydrazine", as in "hydrazine sulfate" for hydrazinium hydrogensulfate.

The terms "hydrazinium" and "hydrazine" may also be used for the doubly protonated cation [N2H6]2+, more properly called hydrazinediium or hydrazinium(2+). This cation has an ethane-like structure ([H3N−NH3]2+). Salts of this cation include hydrazinediium sulfate [N2H6]2+[SO4]2− and hydrazinediium bis(6-carboxypyridazine-3-carboxylate), [N2H6]2+([C6H3N2O4]−)2.

Methylamine
Methylamine, also known as methanamine, is an organic compound with a formula of CH3NH2. This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.

Methylamine is sold as a solution in methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, or water, or as the anhydrous gas in pressurized metal containers. Industrially, methylamine is transported in its anhydrous form in pressurized railcars and tank trailers. It has a strong odor similar to rotten fish. Methylamine is used as a building block for the synthesis of numerous other commercially available compounds.
Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase
The enzyme amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (EC 4.2.3.24) (ADS) catalyzes the chemical reaction

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate ⇌ amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (amorpha-4,11-diene-forming). This enzyme is also called amorphadiene synthase.

This enzyme is mainly found in Artemisia annua, a temperate Asian native flowering plant, and ADS catalyzes the first committed step in the antimalarial drug artemisinin synthesis.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Vicoforte
Vicoforte is a comune in the Province of Cuneo in Italy. It is located in Val Corsaglia at 547 metres (1,795 ft) above sea level, 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Cuneo and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Mondovì.

It is known mainly for the Santuario di Vicoforte, built between 1596 and 1733 to honour the Virgin Mary.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Badruddin Amiruldin
Badruddin bin Amiruldin (born 20 May 1951) is a Malaysian politician. He is currently the Permanent Chairman of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the largest Malay political party in the country and the leader of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. Badruddin was also, until his defeat in the March 2008 General Elections, the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Jerai, Kedah in the lower house of Parliament, the Dewan Rakyat.

Jerai (federal constituency)
Jerai is a federal constituency in Yan District and Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since from 1959 to 1995, from 2004 to present.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Legg House (Bloomington, Indiana)
The Legg House is a historic former farmhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, United States.  Built in the middle of the nineteenth century, it has experienced a range of uses, culminating in its present status as an Indiana University office building.  After a period of deterioration, it was restored to its original condition, and it has been designated a historic site.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Malayan (film)
Malayan is a 2009 Indian Tamil language film written and directed by M. P. Gopi. It stars Karan, Shammu, and Udhayathara, while Ganja Karuppu, Sarath Babu, and Rajan P. Dev play supporting roles. The songs was composed by Dhina with S. P. Venkatesh handling the background score. The film released on 24 July 2009.

Ganja Karuppu
Karuppu Raja, known for his stage name Ganja Karuppu (born 5 January 1976), is an Indian actor who has predominantly appeared in comedy roles in Tamil cinema. After making his debut in Bala's Pithamagan (2003), Ganja Karuppu experienced success in the late 2000s with his roles in Raam (2005),  Sivakasi (2005), Paruthiveeran (2007), Subramaniyapuram (2008) and Naadodigal (2009).
Last Place (album)
Last Place is the fifth studio album by the American indie rock band Grandaddy, released on March 3, 2017, on 30th Century Records. Self-produced and recorded by the band's frontman and primary recording artist Jason Lytle, the album is the first by Grandaddy since Just Like the Fambly Cat (2006) and the band's prior break-up.

Lyrically inspired by Lytle's divorce, the album was preceded by the singles "Way We Won't", "A Lost Machine" and "Evermore". This is the final album to feature Kevin Garcia on bass, as he would die of a stroke two months after its release.

Dept. of Disappearance
Dept. of Disappearance is the second solo studio album by American indie rock musician Jason Lytle. It was released on October 16, 2012 by record label ANTI-. Regarding the album, Lytle noted, "If there were any deliberate attempts on this record, it was trying to get back to more of a fairy-tale-ish-fantasy thing that was once again rooted in reality, with drums, pianos and real instruments."
Devmanus 2
Devmanus 2 (transl. God Figure 2) is an Indian Marathi language crime thriller television series which aired on Zee Marathi. The show premiered from 19 December 2021, replacing Ti Parat Aaliye. It is produced by Shweta Shinde and directed by Raju Sawant under the banner of Vajra Production. It starred Kiran Gaikwad and Asmita Deshmukh in lead roles.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Greek National Road 90
Greek National Road 90, also known as VOAK (Northern Crete Highway: Greek: Βόρειος Οδικός Άξονας Κρήτης, VΟΑΚ) is the longest National Highway on the island of Crete, Greece. It runs along the north coast of the island Crete. It connects Kissamos in the west with Siteia in the east, via Chania, Rethymno, Heraklion and Agios Nikolaos.

The road consists of two traffic lanes (one in each direction) without a central reservation. Although it passes through both rugged mountainous and lowland terrain, it has no tunnels or valley bridges (except for some on the new National Road). The Vrachasi tunnel was the first tunnel built on the National Road in Greece in 1971 on the new road but there is also a 200 m. long tunnel in national road 5 near Kleisoura that may is even older. The road is part of the European route E75.

The planned A90 motorway is essentially the upgrade of this highway which it will replace after its completion.

Median strip
A median strip, central reservation, roadway median, or traffic median is the reserved area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways such as divided highways, dual carriageways, freeways, and motorways. The term also applies to divided roadways other than highways, including some major streets in urban or suburban areas. The reserved area may simply be paved, but commonly it is adapted to other functions; for example, it may accommodate decorative landscaping, trees, a median barrier, or railway, rapid transit, light rail, or streetcar lines.
Medrese of Mehmet Şakir Paşa
Medrese of Mehmet Şakir Paşa, also known as Madrasa of Mustafapaşa is a 19th-century madrasa,  an Islamic educational institute, in Nevşehir Province, central Turkey. It is also known as a caravanserai.

The madrasa is in Mustafapaşa, formerly Sinasos, in Ürgüp District of Nevşehir Province.

It was built in 1890 by Mehmet Şakir Pasha in the town center. The building was also used as an imaret, a public soup kitchen, and during the Republican era, it was used as carpet market. It was restored in 1982. Currently, it houses a part of Kapodokya Undergraduate School.

It is a U-plan building. There is a seven-line inscription on the main gate. The students' quarters are behind the arched portico.

Nevşehir Province
Nevşehir Province (Turkish: Nevşehir ili) is a province in central Turkey with its capital in Nevşehir. Its area is 5,485 km2, and its population is 317,952 (2024). Its adjacent provinces are Kırşehir to the northwest, Aksaray to the southwest, Niğde to the south, Kayseri to the southeast, and Yozgat to the northeast. Nevşehir includes the area called Cappadocia – a tourist attraction in Turkey. The town of Göreme is also located in Nevşehir. Nevşehir was declared a World Peace City by the United Nations.

Cappadocia once included the area now covered by this province. This province is notable for the fairy chimneys of Göreme, the Ortahisar (middle fortress), and a number of old churches from the Byzantine period.