hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion map
Diffusion maps is a dimensionality reduction or feature extraction algorithm introduced by Coifman and Lafon  which computes a family of embeddings of a data set into Euclidean space (often low-dimensional) whose coordinates can be computed from the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a diffusion operator on the data. The Euclidean distance between points in the embedded space is equal to the "diffusion distance" between probability distributions centered at those points. Different from linear dimensionality reduction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), diffusion maps are part of the family of nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods which focus on discovering the underlying manifold that the data has been sampled from. By integrating local similarities at different scales, diffusion maps give a global description of the data-set. Compared with other methods, the diffusion map algorithm is robust to noise perturbation and computationally inexpensive.

Feature engineering
Feature engineering is a preprocessing step in supervised machine learning and statistical modeling which transforms raw data into a more effective set of inputs. Each input comprises several attributes, known as features. By providing models with relevant information, feature engineering significantly enhances their predictive accuracy and decision-making capability.

Beyond machine learning, the principles of feature engineering are applied in various scientific fields, including physics. For example, physicists construct dimensionless numbers such as the Reynolds number in fluid dynamics, the Nusselt number in heat transfer, and the Archimedes number in sedimentation. They also develop first approximations of solutions, such as analytical solutions for the strength of materials in mechanics.
Quo Vadis (restaurant)
Quo Vadis is a restaurant and private club in Soho, London. It primarily serves modern British food. It was founded in 1926 by Peppino Leoni, an Italian, and has passed through numerous owners since then, including the chef Marco Pierre White, and is currently owned by Sam and Eddie Hart, also the owners of Barrafina. The restaurant is named after the Latin phrase Quo vadis?, meaning "Where are you going?"

Marco Pierre White
Marco Pierre White (born 11 December 1961) is an English chef, restaurateur and television personality. In 1995, White became the first British chef and, at age 33, the youngest chef, to earn three Michelin stars. He has trained chefs including Gordon Ramsay, Mario Batali, Shannon Bennett, Curtis Stone, Phil Howard and Stephen Terry. He has been dubbed "the first celebrity chef" and the enfant terrible of the British restaurant scene.
2010 Caribbean Series
The fifty-second edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 2010. It was held from February 2 through February 7 with the champions teams from Dominican Republic (Leones del Escogido), Mexico (Naranjeros de Hermosillo), Puerto Rico (Indios de Mayagüez) and Venezuela (Leones del Caracas). The format consisted of 12 games, in a double round-robin format with each team facing each other twice. The games were played at Estadio Nueva Esparta in Porlamar, Margarita Island, Venezuela.

Margarita Island
Margarita Island (Isla de Margarita, Spanish pronunciation: [maɾɣaˈɾita]) is the largest island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta, situated off the north west coast of the country, in the Caribbean Sea. The capital city of Nueva Esparta, La Asunción, is located on the island.
A. R. Ameen
Allah Rakha Ameen (born 6 January 2003) is an Indian playback singer. He started his singing career in the film O Kadhal Kanmani, for which his father A. R. Rahman composed the music, and has since sung in several Indian languages. He also performs in live concerts across the globe with his father.

Playback singer
A playback singer, as they are usually known in South Asian cinema, or ghost singer in Western cinema, is a vocalist whose performance is pre-recorded for use in film. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks, and the actors lip-sync the songs for camera; the actual playback singer does not get filmed or appear on screen. Generally, to synchronise with the emotional situation of the song or complete film, the playback singer is given an idea or emotional context of that part of the film so that they can interpret by taking the right moves in their vocals.
William W. Boardman (Massachusetts)
William W. Boardman (1771–1847) was an American cordwainer and politician who held office in Saugus, Massachusetts.

Boardman was born in 1771 in Lynn, Massachusetts to Samuel and Abigail Boardman. He ran a shoe shop in an old school house adjacent to his home. He held numerous political offices in Saugus, including Selectman, Town Clerk (1834–1841), and State Representative (1837–1838). He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was married to Julia Davis from 1825 until her death in 1831 and Sabrina Brown from January 1, 1833 until his death on November 7, 1847. He was predeceased by one son, Arthur L. Boardman (1840–1845), from his second marriage.

Cordwainer
A cordwainer (/ˈkɔːrdˌweɪnər/) is a shoemaker who makes new shoes from new leather. The cordwainer's trade can be contrasted with the  cobbler's trade, according to a tradition in Britain that restricted cobblers to repairing shoes. This usage distinction is not universally observed, as the word cobbler is widely used for tradespeople who make or repair shoes.

The Oxford English Dictionary classifies the word cordwainer as archaic, but "still used in the names of guilds, for example, the Cordwainers' Company"; but its definition of cobbler mentions only mending, reflecting the older distinction. Play 14 of the Chester Mystery Plays was presented by the guild of corvisors, glossed as "shoemakers".
Idaho Springs Downtown Commercial District
The Idaho Springs Downtown Commercial District includes Early Commercial architecture in Idaho Springs, Colorado. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  The listing includes 46 contributing buildings on 9 acres (3.6 ha).

The district is roughly bounded by Center Alley, 14th Ave., Riverside Dr., and Idaho St. in Idaho Springs. It is less than .5 miles (0.80 km) from where George A. Jackson discovered gold in Chicago Creek on January 7, 1859, setting off a gold rush which brought people to Denver and Colorado.

Brunswick Flats or the Pharmacy Bldg is located in the Idaho Springs Commercial District.

Idaho Springs Public Library in Idaho Springs, Colorado.

Miners Merchant & Bank (Bank Block) on the corner of Miner and 15th Streets in Idaho Springs, Colo.

Hanchett Building in Idaho Springs, Colo.

National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories
In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture.  Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database.   Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification.  Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
José Enrique Doger Guerrero
José Enrique Doger Guerrero (born 19 August 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). From 2005 to 2008, he served as mayor of the city of Puebla after serving as rector of his alma mater, the Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP). 
In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Puebla's 6th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

6th federal electoral district of Puebla
The 6th federal electoral district of Puebla (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 06 de Puebla) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 16 such districts in the state of Puebla.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Alejandro Carvajal Hidalgo of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Document mosaicing
Document mosaicing is a process that stitches multiple, overlapping snapshot images of a document together to produce one large, high resolution composite. The document is slid under a stationary, over-the-desk camera by hand until all parts of the document are snapshotted by the camera's field of view. As the document slid under the camera, all motion of the document is coarsely tracked by the vision system. The document is periodically snapshotted such that the successive snapshots are overlap by about 50%. The system then finds the overlapped pairs and stitches them together repeatedly until all pairs are stitched together as one piece of document.

The document mosaicing can be divided into four main processes.

Tracking

Feature detecting

Correspondences establishing

Images mosaicing.

Feature (computer vision)
In computer vision and image processing, a feature is a piece of information about the content of an image; typically about whether a certain region of the image has certain properties. Features may be specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects. Features may also be the result of a general neighborhood operation or feature detection applied to the image. Other examples of features are related to motion in image sequences, or to shapes defined in terms of curves or boundaries between different image regions.

More broadly a feature is any piece of information that is relevant for solving the computational task related to a certain application. This is the same sense as feature in machine learning and pattern recognition generally, though image processing has a very sophisticated collection of features. The feature concept is very general and the choice of features in a particular computer vision system may be highly dependent on the specific problem at hand.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Bogachev
Vladimir Vladimirovich Bogachev (February 7 [19], 1881, Novocherkassk – December 11, 1965, Baku) was a Russian and Soviet geologist and paleontologist, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (1937), professor, and Honored Scientist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1936).

Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk (Russian: Новочерка́сск, lit. 'New Cherkassk') is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the cultural capital of the Cossacks, and as the official capital of the Don Cossacks. Population:  168,746 (2010 census); 170,822 (2002 census); 187,973 (1989 Soviet census).
Auld Bourtreebush
Auld Bourtreebush is a large Neolithic stone circle near Portlethen in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is also known as Old Bourtree Bush or Old Bourtreebush. This megalithic construction is situated very close to the recumbent stone circle at Aquhorthies and near the Causey Mounth, an ancient trackway which connects the Scottish Lowlands to the Scottish Highlands. It is a scheduled monument.

Megalith
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically from Sweden in the north to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), meaning "great", and λίθος (líthos), meaning "stone". Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age.
Iris unguicularis
Iris unguicularis (syn. Iris stylosa), the Algerian iris, is a rhizomatous flowering plant in the genus Iris, native to Algeria, Greece, Turkey, Western Syria, and Tunisia. It grows to 30 centimetres (12 in), with grassy evergreen leaves, producing pale lilac or purple flowers with a central band of yellow on the falls. The flowers appear in winter and early spring. They are fragrant, with pronounced perianth tubes up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long.

This plant is widely cultivated in temperate regions, and numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use, including a slightly more tender white form 'Alba', and a dwarf variety I. unguicularis subsp. cretensis. The cultivar 'Mary Barnard' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of a flower. It is a structure consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals); in perigones it consists of the tepals. It forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs,. The term perianth is derived from Greek περί (peri, "around") and άνθος (anthos, "flower"), while perigonium is derived from περί (peri) and γόνος (gonos, "seed, sex organs").
In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile (neither male nor female) tube-like tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure or developing sporophyte.
2021 Players Championship
The 2021 Players Championship was the 47th Players Championship  and was played March 11–14 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida. It was the fortieth edition held at the Stadium Course; the 2020 tournament was abandoned before the first round was completed, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Justin Thomas shot a four-under 68 in the final round for 274 (−14) to win his first Players, one stroke ahead of runner-up Lee Westwood, the 54-hole leader.  Defending champion Rory McIlroy (2019) missed the 36-hole cut.

Bryson DeChambeau
Bryson James Aldrich DeChambeau (/dəʃæmˈboʊ/ də-sham-BOH; born September 16, 1993) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the LIV Golf League. He formerly played on the PGA Tour, and has won two major championships, the 2020 and 2024 U.S. Open.

As an amateur, DeChambeau became the fifth player in history to win both the NCAA Division I championship and the U.S. Amateur in the same year. With his U.S. Open victory he became the third player to have won those three championships, after Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods.

Renowned for his analytical approaches to the sport, DeChambeau has acquired the nickname "the Scientist". His clubs are specially designed to his specifications, with thicker than normal grips and irons that are all the same length. In 2020, he became the longest driver on the PGA Tour.
HSC-8
Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron Eight (HSC-8) "Eightballers" is a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, California. HSC-8 is attached to Carrier Air Wing 11 (CVW-11) and deploys aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt. HSC-8 was redesignated from HS-8 on 28 September 2007.

USS Carl Vinson
USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) is the United States Navy's third Nimitz-class supercarrier. She is named for Carl Vinson (1883–1981), a congressman from Georgia, in recognition of his contributions to the U.S. Navy. The ship was launched during Vinson's lifetime in 1980, undertook her maiden voyage in 1983, and underwent refueling and overhaul between 2005 and 2009. Carl Vinson is currently the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 1 with Carrier Air Wing Two serving as her air wing.

Along with deployments in Operation Desert Strike, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Southern Watch, and Operation Enduring Freedom, Carl Vinson has been involved in a number of notable events. The body of Osama bin Laden was buried at sea in 2011 from the deck of Carl Vinson, and that same year, on Veterans Day, she played host to the first NCAA basketball game on an aircraft carrier, between North Carolina and Michigan State.
Tulia, Texas
Tulia is a city in and the county seat of Swisher County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,967 at the 2010 census; by the 2020 census, it had fallen to 4,473. The city is at the junction of U.S. Route 87 and Texas State Highway 86, about 2 miles (3 km) east of Interstate 27. Tulia is a center for farming and agribusiness activities.

Texas State Highway 86
State Highway 86 (SH 86) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Texas that runs 149 miles (240 km) from Texico to Estelline. This route was designated on August 21, 1923 as the renumbered SH 5A. On September 17, 1923, the section from Estelline to Turkey was cancelled, as SH 18 extended northeast from Turkey to Memphis. By 1929, it was shortened to Bovina, as it was constructed on that route, instead. It has travelled its present course since then, except for the addition of the northern portion of SH 18 between Turkey and Estelline on December 22, 1936.
Autotransfusionist
An autotransfusionist, also known as a perioperative blood management technologist,  is a specialized allied health professional who operates the cell saver machine during surgeries that expect significant blood loss.

The autotransfusionist is responsible for collecting shed blood from the patient during the operation, scrubs or cleans the blood of impurities, then makes it available to be reinfused into the patient. The process is commonly known as "cell-saver" and is considered far superior to the use of blood from a donor, because it reduces the possibility of infection and provides more functional cells back to the patient. Because the blood is recirculated, there is no limit to the amount of blood that can be given back to the patient.

Autotransfusion can be achieved in the operating room, intensive care unit, and emergency department and require varying degrees of expertise depending on the procedure.

Health professional
A health professional, healthcare professional (HCP), or healthcare worker (sometimes abbreviated as HCW) is a provider of health care treatment and advice based on formal training and experience. The field includes those who work as a nurse, physician (such as family physician, internist, obstetrician, psychiatrist, radiologist, surgeon etc.), perfusionist, physician assistant,  registered dietitian, veterinarian, veterinary technician, optometrist, pharmacist, pharmacy technician, medical assistant, physical therapist, occupational therapist, dentist, midwife, psychologist, audiologist, or healthcare scientist, or who perform services in allied health professions. Experts in public health and community health are also health professionals.
Robert Dwyer (politician)
Robert Daniel Dwyer  is an Australian politician and former licensed club manager. He was elected to represent the electoral district of Port Macquarie in the parliament of New South Wales following the 2025 Port Macquarie by-election. He is a member of the Liberal Party of Australia.

Returned and Services League of Australia
The Returned & Services League of Australia, also known as the RSL, RSL Australia and RSLA, has the primary purpose of promoting the interests and welfare of current and former serving members of the Australian Defence Force, as well as their dependants. As of 2025, it had more than 150,000 members. Through its branches and affiliated local clubs across Australia, the RSL offers camaraderie as well as direct financial aid, mental health support, housing assistance, and help with employment and transitioning to civilian life. It also assists veterans in navigating entitlements and benefits from the Department of Veterans' Affairs. It organises and supports major events such as ANZAC Day and Remembrance Day to honour and preserve the memory of the men and women who served in the defence of Australia. The RSL also lobbies Australian federal and state governments on policies and issues affecting veterans' welfare, and advocates for the broader defence community.
FilmOne Distributions
Filmone is an independent film distribution company in West Africa, headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. Since 2013, the company has directly distributed local and international film content in the region; creating a channel for the exportation of local theatrical films (to the United Kingdom, United States, and other regions in sub-Saharan Africa) and being a distribution channel for film content from Hollywood.

In 2016, the company signed a pact with Hollywood media company 20th Century Fox, a partnership that has seen to the distribution of films within West Africa such as Independence Day: Resurgence, Logan, Assassin's Creed, and Kingsman: The Golden Circle.

In Nigeria, Filmone has distributed and/or co-produced several blockbuster films such as Half of a Yellow Sun The Wedding Party 1&2, Taxi Driver: Oko Ashewo, Okafor's Law, A Trip to Jamaica, 10 Days in Sun City, King of Boys, Royal Hibiscus Hotel.

A Trip to Jamaica
A Trip to Jamaica is a 2016 Nigerian comedy drama film directed by Robert Peters starring Ayo Makun, Funke Akindele, Nse Ikpe Etim and Dan Davies (actor). The film tells a story about the adventures of a newly engaged couple in their Relatives' residence outside Nigeria, and how the secrets of their host led to the eventual breakup of their union amidst the culture shock of the new country and living with upper-class citizens. Though a huge box office success, breaking the record set by 30 Days in Atlanta for the highest-grossing Nigerian film, it received mainly mixed to negative reviews from critics.

The movie had its worldwide premiere on 25 September 2016 in Lagos State. The event featured a celebrity football game involving ex-internationals, like Kanu Nwankwo, Jay Jay Okocha, Peter Rufai, Joseph Yobo and Stephen Appiah.
Apeirogonal prism
In geometry, an apeirogonal prism or infinite prism is the arithmetic limit of the family of prisms; it can be considered an infinite polyhedron or a tiling of the plane.

Thorold Gosset called it a 2-dimensional semi-check, like a single row of a checkerboard.

If the sides are squares, it is a uniform tiling. If colored with two sets of alternating squares it is still uniform.

Uniform variant with alternate colored square faces.

Its dual tiling is an apeirogonal bipyramid.

Checkerboard
A checkerboard (American English) or chequerboard (British English) is a game board of checkered pattern on which checkers (also known as English draughts) is played. Most commonly, it consists of 64 squares (8×8) of alternating dark and light color, typically green and buff (official tournaments), black and red (consumer commercial), or black and white (printed diagrams). An 8×8 checkerboard is used to play many other games, including chess, whereby it is known as a chessboard. Other rectangular square-tiled boards are also often called checkerboards. In The Netherlands, however, a dambord (checker board) has 10 rows and 10 columns for 100 squares in total (see article International draughts).