hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Independent contractor-employee distinction in the United States
The United States maintains a legal distinction between independent contractors and employees for tax treatment and for the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The distinction has been contested since the passage of the FLSA, with employers often attempting the misclassification of employees as independent contractors. Similar practices exist in other countries, where is often known as false self-employment.

The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports that the IRS claims to lose millions of dollars in uncollected payroll, social security, Medicare and unemployment insurance taxes because of misclassification of independent contractors by taxpayers.

United States Government Accountability Office
The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress in an independent and nonpartisan capacity. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. at the US General Accounting Office Building in Judiciary Square, and has a headquarters office annex at the Longworth House Office Building on Capitol Hill.

The GAO is the supreme audit institution of the federal government of the United States. It identifies its core "mission values" as: accountability, integrity, and reliability. It is also known as the "congressional watchdog".

The agency is headed by the comptroller general of the United States. The current Acting Comptroller General is Orice Williams Brown, who has served in the position since December 30th 2025.
Paul Spaak
Paul Louis François Spaak (5 July 1871 – 8 May 1936) was a Belgian lawyer, poet, literary historian, and playwright.

Born in Ixelles, Spaak graduated in law at the Université libre de Bruxelles in 1894. On 22 July 1894, he married Marie Janson, daughter of Paul Janson. The couple had four children, of whom Paul-Henri Spaak, later Belgian Prime Minister like his uncle Paul-Emile Janson, was the most famous. Paul Spaak was a member of Royal Academy of Belgium from 19 August 1920 until 8 May 1936.

From 1920 until his death, Paul Spaak was co-director of the Royal Theatre of La Monnaie. He shared this position with Maurice Corneil de Thoran and Jean Van Glabbeke.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Mitterrand and Kohl holding hands in Verdun
French President François Mitterrand and West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl held hands during a 1984 Franco-German ceremony to honour the dead at the Douaumont Ossuary, near Verdun. The gesture became a symbol of the reconciliation of Franco-German relations.

The handholding took place on September 22, 1984, in front of a catafalque placed at the entrance to the Douaumont Ossuary, during a ceremony to honour those killed in World War I and World War II.

Unplanned, the President of the French Republic, François Mitterrand, spontaneously held hands with the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Helmut Kohl, as they stood together to listen to the French anthem, immediately after the German anthem had been played.

Catafalque
A catafalque is a raised bier, box, or similar platform, often movable, that is used to support the casket, coffin, or body of a dead person during a Christian funeral or memorial service. Following a Roman Catholic Requiem Mass, a catafalque may be used to stand in place of the body at the absolution of the dead or used during Masses of the Dead and All Souls' Day.
Aruchavank
Aruchavank or the Cathedral of Aruch (Արուճավանք; also Surb Grigor) is situated on a rocky plateau at the western foot of Mount Aragats in the village of Aruch in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. According to wall inscriptions on the east wall and manuscripts written by historians Ghevond, Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi, and Stepanos Asoghik, the church and adjoining building for residence (the palace) were commissioned by Prince Grigor Mamikonian and his wife Heghine/Heline between 661 and 682 AD. Architecturally it is one of the most important Armenian churches of the Middle Ages and also one of the largest.

Stepanos Asoghik
Stepanos Asoghik (Old Armenian: Ստեփանոս Ասողիկ, romanized: Step’anos Asołik), also known as Stepanos Taronetsi (Old Armenian: Ստեփանոս Տարօնեցի, romanized: Step’anos Tarōnec'i, lit. 'Stephen of Taron'), was an Armenian historian of the 10th–11th centuries.

The dates of his birth and death are unknown. His name indicates that he came from the region of Taron and earned the nickname Asoghik, meaning either 'little speaker' or 'singer'. He wrote a Universal History (Patmutiun Tiezerakan) in three books, which he completed in 1004 or early 1005. The first two books summarise the history of the world—with particular reference to Armenia—using the Bible, Eusebius of Caesarea, Movses Khorenatsi and others as sources. The third, most voluminous book deals with the history of the century leading up to Asoghik's own time.
Jennifer Parenti
Jennifer Lea Parenti is an American politician and a former member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 19th district, which includes portions of Erie, Longmont, Firestone, Dacono, Frederick and other surrounding areas. She was elected in 2022 and assumed office in January 2023.

Firestone, Colorado
The Town of Firestone is a statutory town in southwestern Weld County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 16,381 at the 2020 United States census, a 61.44% increase since the 2010 United States census. Firestone is a part of the Greeley, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.
Gotham Greens
Gotham Greens is an American fresh food and indoor farming company founded and headquartered in Brooklyn, New York City, that grows local produce year-round in greenhouses, with its lettuces, herbs, salad kits, salad dressings, dips and cooking sauces sold under its brand name.

The company owns and operates 13 hydroponic greenhouse facilities in the United States, totaling more than 1.8 million square feet. The CEO of the company is Viraj Puri.

Windsor, Colorado
Windsor is a home rule municipality in Larimer and Weld counties in the U.S. state of Colorado.  According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 32,716.  Windsor is located in the Northern Colorado region.
Ebel riot
Ebel riot (Swedish: Ebelska upploppet) was a riot taking place in Stockholm 7 January 1793.

The riot took place when a group of burgher men, among them Ebel, was insulted by a royal guardsman and was given the sympathy by a crowd of people, who accompanied them to the police and then to the Royal Palace to complain and demand action, while a speech was made by Ebel, before the crowd was dissolved by the military.

The riot was, in fact, not of a violent nature. However, it was perceived as such by the regent duke Charles and Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, who were reportedly greatly frightened, and it is resulted in the abortion of the enlightened policy of the guardian government: Nils Henric Liljensparre lost his position for having frightened the duke-regent by exaggerating the riot, Ebel was exiled and five other sentenced to prison on water and bread, all crowds and private clubs were banned and public bars, pubs and other gathering places were to be closed at nine o'clock.

Charles XIII
Charles XIII or Carl XIII (Swedish: Karl XIII; 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818) was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son (and younger brother to King Gustav III) of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.

Though known as King Charles XIII in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as Charles IX (reigned 1604–1611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden. In Norway, he is known as Charles II.
2001 Niue Common Roll by-election
The 2001 Niue Common Roll by-election was held in April 2001 to fill a vacant common roll seat in the Niue Assembly after assembly member Hima Douglas resigned to take an appointment as the Niue High Commission. Independent politician Hunuki Hunukitama won the election over an opponent in the Niue People's Party.

High Commissioner of Niue to New Zealand
The High Commissioner of Niue to New Zealand is the top-ranking diplomatic representative of Niue to New Zealand. Niue is in free association with New Zealand and lacks full sovereignty. New Zealand is the only country in the world in which Niue exchanges diplomatic representation.

This office was established in 2001; Hima Takelesi was appointed the first Niue High Commissioner to New Zealand, after resigning from the Niue Assembly in August 2001.
Wolfegger Kabinett
The Wolfegger Kabinett is a large private collection of mostly German graphics from the 15th and 16th century. The collection is owned by the house of Waldburg-Wolfegg it is hosted in Schloss Wolfegg. Among its most famous pieces were the Waldseemüller map, the Mittelalterliches Hausbuch and the Kleiner Klebeband, all of which were sold in the early 21st century though.

Waldburg-Wolfegg
Waldburg-Wolfegg was a County ruled by the House of Waldburg, located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Waldburg-Wolfegg was a partition of Waldburg-Wolfegg-Zeil and was repartitioned in 1667, creating Waldburg-Waldsee, which annexed Waldburg-Wolfegg in 1798 and became the principality of Waldburg-Wolfegg and Waldsee.
Wallfisch
Wallfisch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anita Lasker-Wallfisch (born 1925), British cellist

Benjamin Wallfisch (born 1979), English composer, conductor, and pianist

Elizabeth Wallfisch (born 1952), Australian violinist

Ernst Wallfisch (1920–1979), American violist

Paul Wallfisch (born 1962), American musician

Peter Wallfisch (1924–1993), British concert pianist

Raphael Wallfisch (born 1953), English cellist

Simon Wallfisch (born 1982), British-German classical singer and cellist

Paul Wallfisch
Paul Wallfisch (born September 18, 1962) is an American musician who specializes in German multimedia theater productions.  He works extensively in Western Europe and makes his home in Harlem, New York, United States.
Metal Masters Tour
The Metal Masters Tour was a 17-date concert tour of arenas across North America in August 2008 featuring Judas Priest promoting their album Nostradamus, Motörhead promoting Motörizer, Heaven & Hell promoting The Rules of Hell and Testament promoting The Formation of Damnation.

The Formation of Damnation
The Formation of Damnation is the tenth studio album by American thrash metal band Testament, released on April 29, 2008. It was Testament's first album since 2001's First Strike Still Deadly and their first of new material since 1999's The Gathering. It was also Testament's first release with original guitarist Alex Skolnick since 1992's The Ritual and bassist Greg Christian since 1994's Low, as well as the band's only studio album recorded with drummer Paul Bostaph, who joined Testament in 1993 but became a full-time member in 2007 before leaving the band four years later.

The follow-up to The Gathering was first mentioned in 2002 and was originally scheduled for release in early 2004, but was not completed yet. Due to the band's touring schedule and line-up changes, the album was put on hold for a number of years before being completed in 2007/2008.
2022 Conference USA women's basketball tournament
The 2022 Conference USA women's basketball tournament was the concluding event of the 2021–22 Conference USA (C-USA) women's basketball season. It was held from March 8–12, 2022 alongside the 2022 Conference USA men's basketball tournament in Frisco, Texas, at the Ford Center at The Star.

Ford Center at The Star
Ford Center at The Star is a 12,000-seat stadium located in Frisco, Texas. It is mainly used as the Dallas Cowboys' practice facility. It is also used for Whataburger's Friday Night Stars, an event every Friday showcasing Frisco Independent School District high school varsity football. The synthetic turf surface is Hellas Matrix Helix Turf. The field's dimensions can also be marked for and accommodate a regulation soccer pitch and lacrosse field.
Southside, Edinburgh
The Southside is an area of Scotland's capital city, Edinburgh, located between its historic Old Town, Holyrood Park and the neighbourhood of Newington. The Southside housed much of Edinburgh's working class through the 150 years from 1800 to the early 1960s before planning decisions led to large-scale demolition to accommodate the expansion of the university and creation of new road systems, and resulted in the movement of families to public housing in new estates on the outskirts of the city. Demolition was halted due to changes in planning ideology which promoted redevelopment in its place.

In 1975 the Southside was designated by the City of Edinburgh Council as a conservation area, and in 1995 part of the Southside was included in the UNESCO World Heritage site of the Old Town.

Royal Mile
55°57′02″N 3°11′08″W﻿ / ﻿55.95056°N 3.18556°W﻿ / 55.95056; -3.18556

The Royal Mile (Scottish Gaelic: Am Mìle Rìoghail) is a series of streets forming the main thoroughfare of the Old Town of Edinburgh, Scotland. The term originated in the early 20th century and has since entered popular usage.

The Royal Mile runs between Edinburgh Castle and Holyrood Palace, two significant locations in the royal history of Scotland, and is almost exactly one mile long. From west to east, and running downhill, it comprises the Castle Esplanade, Castlehill, the Lawnmarket, the High Street, the Canongate and Abbey Strand. It is the busiest tourist street in the Old Town.

The Royal Mile contains shops, restaurants, public houses, and visitor attractions. During the annual Edinburgh Fringe, the High Street becomes crowded with tourists, entertainers, and buskers. Parliament Square is at the heart of Scotland's legal system, being the home of both the High Court of Justiciary and the Court of Session.
Football at the 1979 Pan American Games
The eighth edition of the Men's Football Tournament at the Pan American Games was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from 2 July to 14 July 1979. Nine teams competed in a first round-robin competition, with Brazil defending the title. After the preliminary round there was a second round, followed by a knock-out stage.

Games were played at Estadio Country Club, Estadio Sixto Escobar and Estadio Hiram Bithorn. Brazil won their third gold medal after beating Cuba in the final.

1979 Pan American Games
The 1979 Pan American Games, officially the VIII Pan American Games (Spanish: VIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as San Juan 1979, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization (PASO), and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to  July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
Breast tension
Breast tension is a constellation of symptoms involving the breasts including:

Breast pain (also called mastalgia)

Breast engorgement

It can be a side effect of estrogen-containing drugs used for hormone replacement therapy during menopause.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Stenter
A stenter (sometimes called a tenter) is a machine used in textile finishing. It serves multiple purposes, including heat setting, drying, and applying various chemical treatments. This may be achieved through the use of certain attachments such as padding or coating.

The machine works by holding the fabric's edges while it is fed from rollers, allowing it to advance gradually while maintaining its dimensions. Eventually, the stretched sheet is pulled off at a specific speed by a second set of rollers. At the delivery end, the edges are released by the stenter pins or clamps that were holding it.

The earlier non-mechanized equivalent was the tenter frame.

Chemical finishing of textiles
Chemical finishing of textiles refers to the process of applying and treating textiles with a variety of chemicals in order to achieve desired functional and aesthetic properties. Textile finishing is the process by which these chemical applications, along with mechanical finishing treatments, convert woven or knitted cloth into usable material. Chemical finishing imparts a wide variety of properties such as waterproofing, wrinkle-resistance, and lasting sheen, among many others, to textiles according to the intended function of the final product.
Grimes-Crotts Mill
Grimes-Crotts Mill, also known as Eureka Mills, Old Mill, Crotts Mill, is a historic grist mill located near Reedy Creek, Davidson County, North Carolina. It was built between 1870 and 1880, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, frame mill on a foundation of fieldstone and massive timber pilings.  It is sheathed in plain weatherboard and has a monitor roof.  The mill machinery was removed in 1937.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Fieldstone
Fieldstone is a naturally occurring type of stone, which lies at or near the surface of the Earth. Fieldstone is a nuisance for farmers seeking to expand their land under cultivation, but at some point it began to be used as a construction material. Strictly speaking, it is stone collected from the surface of fields where it occurs naturally. Collections of fieldstones which have been removed from arable land or pasture to allow for more effective agriculture are called clearance cairns.

In practice, fieldstone is any architectural stone used in its natural shape and can be applied to stones recovered from the topsoil or subsoil. Although fieldstone is generally used to describe such material when used for exterior walls, it has come to include its use in other ways including garden features and interiors. It is sometimes cut or split for use in architecture.
Kearns-Saint Ann Catholic School
Kearns-Saint Ann School is a Catholic school for preschool to eighth grade students, located in South Salt Lake, Utah. Founded as St. Ann's Orphanage in 1891, it became a parochial school in 1955. The historical school building, completed in 1899, was gifted by Jennie Judge Kearns, wife of mining magnate Thomas Kearns, for whom it is named.

Catholic schools in the United States
Catholic schools in the United States constitute the largest number of private Christian schools nationwide, also called parochial schools. They are accredited by independent and/or U.S. state education agencies, and teachers are generally state certified teachers, some may also be religious (Brothers, Sisters) and in Holy Orders (priests). Catholic schools are supported primarily through tuition payments and fundraising, and typically enroll students irrespective of their religious background.  Most are associated with a diocese and often a parish, and generally require the permission of the local Catholic bishop to operate.
Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus
Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus is a species of viviparous halfbeak, a freshwater fish endemic to Lake Towuti in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus has a pelagic life style. It grows up to 12 cm length. It has been called the Indonesian halfbeak.

Lake Towuti
Lake Towuti (Indonesian: Danau Towuti) is a lake in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Surrounded by mountains, it is the largest lake of the island of Sulawesi and one of the five lakes of the Malili Lake system (the other being Matano, and the small Mahalona, Masapi and Lontoa (Wawantoa)). The Larona River flows from the lake to the Boni Bay. The town Laronda is located on its shore.
Murders of Jennifer Ertman and Elizabeth Peña
The rape and murder of Jennifer Lee Ertman and Elizabeth Christine Peña, two teenage girls from Houston, Texas, aged 14 and 16, respectively, occurred on June 24, 1993. The murder of the two girls made headlines in Texas newspapers due to the nature of the crime and the new law resulting from the murder that allows families of the victims to view the execution of the murderers. The case was also notable in that the state of Texas rejected attempts by the International Court of Justice to halt the perpetrators' executions.

Headline
The headline is the text indicating the content or nature of the article below it, typically by providing a form of brief summary of its contents.

The large type front page headline did not come into use until the late 19th century when increased competition between newspapers led to the use of attention-getting headlines.

It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.

Headlines in English often use a set of grammatical rules known as  headlinese, designed to meet stringent space requirements by, for example, leaving out forms of the verb "to be" and choosing short verbs like "eye" over longer synonyms like "consider".
André Fernandes
André Fernandes de Moura (born 10 December 1997) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2023. From 2019 to 2022, he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ceará.

Legislative Assembly of Ceará
3°45′01″S 38°30′08″W﻿ / ﻿3.75028°S 38.50222°W﻿ / -3.75028; -38.50222

The Legislative Assembly of Ceará (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Ceará) is the unicameral legislature of Ceará state in Brazil. It has 46 state deputies elected by proportional representation.

The first legislature was in 1835 and had 28 deputies, the headquarters was in Palácio Senador Alencar during 106 years, now it's in Palácio Deputado Adauto Bezerra since 1977.
The Roads to Sata
The Roads to Sata, written in 1985 by Alan Booth, tells the story of his journey in 1977, on foot, from Cape Sōya in Hokkaidō, the northernmost point of Japan, to Sata, the southernmost point of the main islands of Japan. Booth's journey lasted 128 days and covered 2,000 miles. The book was originally published by John Weatherhill Inc in 1985 and was republished by Kodansha Globe in 1997 in paperback.

Sata, Kagoshima
Sata (佐多町, Sata-chō) was a town located in Kimotsuki District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,480 and a density of 27.72 persons per km2. The total area was 125.53 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Sata, along with the town of Nejime (also from Kimotsuki District), were merged to create the town of Minamiōsumi.