hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Recapture of Tarapacá
The recapture of Tarapacá or siege of Tarapacá was a confrontation between Bolivian occupation forces under the command of Colonel José María García and Peruvian militias under the command of Major Juan Buendía within the framework of the War between Peru and Bolivia between January 6 and 7, 1842. Peruvian victory allowed us to recover the province of Tarapacá, which had been captured by Bolivian troops days before.

Peruvian Army
The Peruvian Army (Spanish: Ejército del Perú, abbreviated EP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations. It celebrates the anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho (1824) on December 9.
Replication (computing)
Replication in computing refers to maintaining multiple copies of data, processes, or resources to ensure consistency across redundant components. This fundamental technique spans databases, file systems, and distributed systems, serving to improve availability, fault-tolerance, accessibility, and performance. Through replication, systems can continue operating when components fail (failover), serve requests from geographically distributed locations, and balance load across multiple machines. The challenge lies in maintaining consistency between replicas while managing the fundamental tradeoffs between data consistency, system availability, and network partition tolerance – constraints known as the CAP theorem.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Nindorf (Bergen)
Nindorf is a village administered by the Lower Saxon town of Bergen in the northern part of Celle district on the Lüneburg Heath in North Germany. It lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of Bergen on the B 3 federal road and has 215 inhabitants (2019).

Bundesstraße 3
The Bundesstraße 3 (abbr. B3) is one of the longest federal highways in Germany. It begins in Buxtehude and continues through Bergen, Celle, Hanover, Alfeld, Einbeck, Göttingen, Kassel, Marburg, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe and Freiburg in southwestern Germany and ends at Weil-Otterbach on the border with Switzerland. Between Darmstadt and Wiesloch it is referred to as Ferienstraße Bergstraße.
Fukagawa-Rumoi Expressway
The Fukagawa-Rumoi Expressway (Japanese: 深川留萌自動車道, Hepburn: Fukagawa Rumoi Jidōsha-dō) is a partially tolled expressway in Sorachi Subprefecture and Rumoi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. The expressway connects Rumoi on the Sea of Japan coast of Hokkaido to the Dō-Ō Expressway in the central part of the island. It is owned and operated by partially by the East Nippon Expressway Company and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). It is signed as an auxiliary route of National Route 233 as well as E62 under their "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering.

Rumoi Subprefecture
Rumoi Subprefecture (留萌振興局, Rumoi-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.  As of 2011, it had a population of 52,627 and an area of 4,019.97 square kilometres (1,552.12 mi2). The population density of the subprefecture, 13 people per km2, is very low compared to the rest of Japan. The population of Rumoi Subprefecture represents 0.96% of the overall population of Hokkaido.
Porto de Mós
Porto de Mós (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoɾtu ðɨ ˈmɔʃ] ⓘ) is a town and a municipality of Estremadura province in Leiria District. It is in the Centro Region and the Pinhal Litoral subregion. The population in 2011 was 24,342, in an area of 261.83 km2.

There were archeologic findings which link São Jorge, in the parish of Calvaria de Cima, as the exact place where the Battle of Aljubarrota was fought, crucial for maintaining the independence of Portugal in 1385. Currently, there is an interpretation center on the spot (Centre of Interpretation of the Battle of Aljubarrota) which helps visitors explore the battlefield and learn about the most important facts of this battle.

In this municipality, you can also find several caves carved in the mountains, the most important being Moinhos Velhos Cave, also known as Mira de Aire Cave.

A portion of the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park is also located in Porto de Mós municipality.

Central Region, Portugal
The Central Region (Portuguese: Região do Centro, IPA: [ʁɨʒiˈɐ̃w du ˈsẽtɾu]), also known as Central Portugal (Portugal Central), is one of the statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco and Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and geographical purposes. Its area totals 28,462 km2 (10,989 sq mi). As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre.
Craugastor myllomyllon
Craugastor myllomyllon is an extinct species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It was endemic to Guatemala and only known from its type locality, Finca Volcan, in the Sierra de Xucaneb, Alta Verapaz Department. Only a single specimen is known.

Alta Verapaz
15°30′N 90°20′W﻿ / ﻿15.500°N 90.333°W﻿ / 15.500; -90.333

Alta Verapaz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalta βeɾaˈpas]) is a department in the north central part of Guatemala. The capital and chief city of the department is Cobán. Verapaz is bordered to the north by El Petén, to the east by Izabal, to the south by Zacapa, El Progreso, and Baja Verapaz, and to the west by El Quiché.

Also in Alta Verapaz are the towns of  Chisec, San Pedro Carchá and San Cristóbal Verapaz.
So Close (Dina Carroll song)
"So Close" is a song by British singer and songwriter Dina Carroll, released in November 1992 by A&M Records and 1st Avenue as the third single from her debut album by the same name (1993). The song was written by Carroll with its producer, Nigel Lowis, and peaked at number 20 on the UK Singles Chart. In the US, it charted on the Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100, peaking at numbers 95 and 79. The accompanying music video was directed by German feature film director and producer Marcus Nispel, featuring Carroll performing in Apollo Theatre.

Marcus Nispel
Marcus Nispel (born 26 May 1963) is a retired German film director and producer, best known for several high-profile American remakes such as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003). He has also directed various television commercials and music videos, including C+C Music Factory's "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" and "Things That Make You Go Hmmm...", Janet Jackson's "Runaway", Fugees' "Ready or Not", and Spice Girls' "Spice Up Your Life".
Horace Mellor
Horace Mellor (21 February 1851 – 27 February 1942) was an English cricketer active from 1874 to 1875 who played for Lancashire. He was born in Paddington and died in Castletown, Isle of Man. He appeared in two first-class matches as a righthanded batsman, scoring 28 runs with a highest score of 17.

Paddington
Paddington is an area in the City of Westminster, in central London, England. A medieval parish then a metropolitan borough of the County of London, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Paddington station, designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel opened in 1847. It is also the site of St Mary's Hospital and the former Paddington Green Police Station.

Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land.  Districts within Paddington are Maida Vale, Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate.
Generalized Lotka–Volterra equation
The generalized Lotka–Volterra equations are a set of equations which are more general than either the competitive or predator–prey examples of Lotka–Volterra types. They can be used to model direct competition and trophic relationships between an arbitrary number of species.  Their dynamics can be analysed analytically to some extent.  This makes them useful as a theoretical tool for modeling food webs.  However, they lack features of other ecological models such as predator preference and nonlinear functional responses, and they cannot be used to model mutualism without allowing indefinite population growth.

The generalised Lotka-Volterra equations model the dynamics of the populations  of  biological species.  Together, these populations can be considered as a vector .  They are a set of ordinary differential equations given by

where the vector  is given by

where  is a vector and  is a matrix known as the interaction matrix.

Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to more than one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random.
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 2014–2018
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2018.

1  On 2 February 2015, the Nationals member for Gippsland South and former Deputy Premier of Victoria, Peter Ryan, resigned. Nationals candidate Danny O'Brien won the resulting by-election on 14 March 2015.

2  On 3 September 2015, the Liberal members for South-West Coast (former Premier of Victoria Denis Napthine) and Polwarth (Terry Mulder) resigned. Liberal candidates Roma Britnell and Richard Riordan were elected at the resulting by-elections on 31 October for South-West Coast and Polwarth respectively.

3  Melton MLA Don Nardella resigned from the Labor Party on 7 March 2017 and now sits as an independent.

4  Northcote Labor MLA Fiona Richardson died on 23 August 2017. Greens candidate Lidia Thorpe won the resulting by-election on 18 November 2017.

5  Morwell MLA Russell Northe resigned from the National Party on 28 August 2017 and now sits as an independent.

2017 Northcote state by-election
A by-election for the seat of Northcote in the Victorian Legislative Assembly was held on 18 November 2017. The by-election was triggered by the death of Labor Party MP Fiona Richardson on 23 August 2017. While the seat historically has firmly been in the Labor Party's hands since its inception in 1927, environmental issues, rising house prices and demographic trends have resulted in a stronger Greens vote at recent elections. The Liberal Party elected not to field a candidate.

The seat was won by the Greens on a swing of more than 11.5%. ABC election expert Antony Green called the seat for the Greens at 8.30 pm on the night of the count. Greens candidate Lidia Thorpe became the first female Aboriginal MP in the Victorian Parliament as a result of the victory and the Greens increased their representation in the Legislative Assembly to three MPs.
This Is PiL
This is PiL is the ninth studio album by British rock band Public Image Ltd. Their first studio album in 20 years, it was released on 28 May 2012 on band's own label, PiL Official. A limited deluxe edition of the album was released with a live DVD entitled There is a PiL in Heaven.

Lu Edmonds
Robert David "Lu" Edmonds (born 9 September 1957) is an English rock and folk musician. He is currently, as of 2018, a vocalist and saz and cümbüş player in the Mekons and the guitarist for Public Image Ltd. Edmonds reportedly plays electric guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, bouzouki, saz, cümbüs, oud, and drums, among other instruments.
Kyushu Institute of Design
Kyushu Institute of Design (九州芸術工科大学; Kyūshū Geijutsu Kōka Daigaku, KID) in Fukuoka, Japan, was one of Japan's national universities founded in April 1968.  The university combined the disciplines of Architecture, Industrial Design, Visual Communication Design, Acoustic Design and Art and Information Design.

In October, 2003, Kyushu Institute of Design became Kyushu University's Graduate School of Design.  Until 2005, however, all KID graduates have been issued diplomas from Kyushu Institute of Design.

National university
A national university is mainly a university created or managed by a government, but which may also at the same time operate autonomously without direct control by the state. In the United States, the term "national university" connotes the highest institutional level in education, differing in meaning from a "federally-chartered university." Globally, some national universities are associated with national cultural or political aspirations.
For example, the National University of Ireland during the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information about the Irish language and Irish culture. In Argentina, the national universities are the result of the 1918 Argentine university reform and subsequent reforms, which were intended to provide a secular university system without direct clerical or government influence by bestowing self-government on the institutions.
Pullstring
A pullstring (pull string, pull-string), pullcord (pull cord, pull-cord), or pullchain (pull-chain, pull chain) is a string, cord, or chain wound on a spring-loaded spindle that engages a mechanism when it is pulled. It is most commonly used in toys and motorized equipment. More generally and commonly, a pullstring can be any type of string, cord, rope, or chain, attached to an object in some way used to pull or mechanically manipulate part of it.

Rope
A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibres, or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have high tensile strength and can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, string, and twine.
CT Luiz Carvalho
Centro de Treinamento Presidente Luiz Carvalho (President Luiz Carvalho Training Centre, in English) is the sports training facility of Brazilian football club Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense. It is located next to the club stadium, the Arena do Grêmio, in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The name given to the training center is in honor of Luiz Leão de Carvalho, who played for the Grêmio between 1923 and 1940. He was the head coach of the team and president of the club in 1974/1975.

This is the first official training centre of the Grêmio's first team squad, who had been training in a field next to his old stadium, the Estádio Olímpico Monumental. The club also has another training centre, the CT Hélio Dourado, destined for the academy.

Training ground
A training ground is an area where professional association football teams prepare for matches, with activities primarily concentrating on skills and fitness. They also sometimes form part of a club's youth system, as clubs consider it important to have good facilities to aid the development of young players.

Training grounds are usually separate from a team's stadium, as clubs use the facilities to avoid overusing the stadium's pitch. However, teams usually train inside the opposing team's stadium on the day before a European away game, both for the benefit of the media and to become familiar with the surface.
Ambrose Smith
Ambrose Smith or Smythe (died 1584) was a London mercer in Cheapside and silkman who supplied Elizabeth I

Smith was a son of John Smith (died 1545) of Withcote, near Oakham, in Leicestershire, and Dorothy Cave, a sister of Ambrose Cave. John Leland visited their "right goodly house" at Withcote in 1539, "one of the fairest houses in Leicestershire".

His older brother Roger Smith (died 1603) inherited the estate, but Ambrose bought it from him in 1575. Roger Smith married Frances Griffin, a daughter of Thomas Griffin of Dingley.

Ambrose Smith supplied velvet, satin, taffeta, and sarsenet to Queen Elizabeth.

He sold fabrics to Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester and Amy Robsart, some for the use of their Spanish tailor. Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond owed him money in 1580. Ambrose Smith died in 1584.

Cheapside
Cheapside is a street in the City of London, the historic and modern financial centre of London, England, which forms part of the A40 London to Fishguard road. It links St Martin's Le Grand with Poultry. Near its eastern end at Bank Junction, where it becomes Poultry, is Mansion House, the Bank of England, and Bank station. To the west is St Paul's Cathedral, St Paul's tube station and square.

In the Middle Ages, it was known as Westcheap, as opposed to Eastcheap, another street in the City, near London Bridge. The boundaries of the wards of Cheap, Cordwainer and Bread Street run along Cheapside and Poultry; prior to boundary changes in 2003 the road was divided amongst Farringdon Within and Cripplegate wards in addition to the current three.

The contemporary Cheapside is the location of a range of retail and food outlets and offices, as well as the City's only major shopping centre, One New Change.
Ito Ogawa
Ito Ogawa (小川 糸, Ogawa Ito) is a Japanese novelist, lyricist and translator. She was born in 1973 in Yamagata, Yamagata.

Several of her books have gained international recognition, such as The Restaurant of Love Regained (2008; Japanese Title: 食堂かたつむり - Shokudō Katatsumuri), described as a "foodie fable", which was made into a film in 2010 under the title "Shokudo Katatsumuri" ("Rinco's Restaurant").

Fable
Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphised, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters.

Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μῦθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.
Guillermo Cueva Sada
Guillermo Cueva Sada (born 6 April 1979) From 2009 to 2012 he served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Nuevo León. From 2013 to date, he has served as Delegate of the SEMARNAT in Nuevo Leon. Co-Chairman of the Border 2020 program.

In 2015, Guillermo Cueva Sada joined the TV Azteca Noroeste team as VP of Institutional Relations. In October 2016, Cueva Sada became the head of strategic planning for TV Azteca México, a position that has held to this day.

He has studied master's degree in political science at UANL, a bachelor's degree in industrial and systems engineering from ITESM, Diploma in Finance (Egade, Graduate School of Business Administration ITESM), Diploma in Policy and European Nations Spain (University of Valladolid).

LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXI Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 61st session of the Congress of Mexico, met from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2012. Members of the upper house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2006 while members of the lower house of the Congress were selected in the elections of July 2009.
Shlaer–Mellor method
The Shlaer–Mellor method, also known as object-oriented systems analysis (OOSA) or object-oriented analysis (OOA) is an object-oriented software development methodology introduced by Sally Shlaer and Stephen Mellor in 1988. The method makes the documented analysis so precise that it is possible to implement the analysis model directly by translation to the target architecture, rather than by elaborating model changes through a series of more platform-specific models. In the new millennium the Shlaer–Mellor method has migrated to the UML notation, becoming Executable UML.

Functional decomposition
In engineering, functional decomposition is the process of resolving a functional relationship into its constituent parts in such a way that the original function can be reconstructed (i.e., recomposed) from those parts.

This process of decomposition may be undertaken to gain insight into the identity of the constituent components, which may reflect individual physical processes of interest. Also, functional decomposition may result in a compressed representation of the global function, a task which is feasible only when the constituent processes possess a certain level of modularity (i.e., independence or non-interaction).

Interaction (statistics)(a situation in which one causal variable depends on the state of a second causal variable) between the components are critical to the function of the collection. All interactions may not be observable, or measured, but possibly deduced through repetitive perception, synthesis, validation and verification of composite behavior.
2003 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2003 Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix was the tenth round of the 2003 MotoGP Championship. It took place on the weekend of 15–17 August 2003 at the Brno Circuit located in Brno, Czech Republic.

Chris Burns, riding a ROC Yamaha, would become the last rider to start a race in Grand Prix motorcycle racing's premier class with a 2-stroke 500cc bike. His teammate, José David de Gea, also entered the race riding the Sabre V4 500cc bike, but he did not take the start.

José David de Gea
José David de Gea Tudela (born 9 December 1977) is a Spanish motorcycle racer. He has competed at international level in the 125cc, 250cc, 500cc and MotoGP classes of Grand Prix motorcycle racing, the Supersport World Championship and the Superbike World Championship.

At the national level, de Gea won the CEV Fórmula Extreme title four times—in 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
Katja Tengel
Katja Tengel (born 27 June 1981 as Katja Wakan in Eisleben, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.

At the 2003 World Championships she finished seventh in the 4 × 100 m relay, together with teammates Melanie Paschke, Marion Wagner and Sandra Möller. At the 2007 World Championships she finished seventh in the relay, together with teammates Cathleen Tschirch, Johanna Kedzierski and Verena Sailer.

Her personal best time on the individual distance is 11.37 seconds, achieved in June 2006 in Regensburg. She has 23.94 seconds in the 200 metres.

Eisleben
Eisleben (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪsleːbn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is famous as both the hometown of the influential theologian Martin Luther and the place where he died; hence, its official name is Lutherstadt Eisleben.

First mentioned in the late 10th century, Eisleben is divided into the old town of Altstadt, and new town of Neustadt. Neustadt was created for Eisleben's miners in the 14th century. As of 2020, Eisleben had a population of 22,668. It lies on the Halle–Kassel railway.