hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gmina Nowodwór
Gmina Nowodwór is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Nowodwór, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Ryki and 55 km (34 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 71.72 square kilometres (27.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,311.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Holsman Automobile Company
The Holsman Automobile Company was an early American automobile manufacturer in Chicago, Illinois, between 1901 and 1910. Founded by Henry K. Holsman, the company produced a high wheeler automobile.

Built by Henry K Holsman and HC Bryan, the Holsman was the first commercially successful highwheeler, which encouraged many other Midwest manufacturers to start highwheeler production in the first decade of the twentieth century.

The Holsman was a very simple design - unfortunately this resulted in the company's demise. Unlike other companies, who added pneumatic-tired standard models, Holsman stuck faithfully to highwheeler production only until the company folded in 1910.

He then relocated 50 miles west to Plano, Illinois and produced a Holsman look-a-like called the Independent Harvester, which only lasted until 1911.

Plano, Illinois
Plano is a city near Aurora in Kendall County, Illinois, United States, with a population of 11,847 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area, being about 55 miles (90 km) from Chicago. The city was home to the Plano Harvester Company in the late 19th century, as well as the Plano Molding Company more recently. In 2011, downtown Plano was used as a set for Man of Steel.
Cryogenic storage dewar
A cryogenic storage dewar (or simply dewar) is a specialised type of vacuum flask used for storing cryogens (such as liquid nitrogen or liquid helium), whose boiling points are much lower than room temperature. It is named after inventor James Dewar, who developed it for his own work. They are commonly used in low-temperature physics and chemistry.

Cryogenic storage dewars can range widely in size and may take several different forms, including open buckets, flasks with loose-fitting stoppers, and self-pressurising tanks.  All dewars have walls constructed from two or more layers, with a high vacuum maintained between the layers. This provides very good thermal insulation between the interior and exterior of the dewar, which reduces the rate at which the contents boil away.  Precautions are taken in the design of dewars to safely manage the gas which is released as the liquid slowly boils.

Thermal insulation
Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials.

Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of different temperature. Thermal insulation provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced, creating a thermal break or thermal barrier, or thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body.

The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k). Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability (resistance value). In thermal engineering, other important properties of insulating materials are product density (ρ) and specific heat capacity (c).
Roman (My Dear Boy)
"Roman (My Dear Boy)" (浪漫 〜MY DEAR BOY〜, "Romance (My Dear Boy)") is the twenty-second single of idol group Morning Musume and was released May 12, 2004. It sold a total of 87,255 copies. The single peaked at #4 on the weekly Oricon charts, charting for six weeks.

The single was certified Gold by RIAJ for physical sales of over 100,000 units.

The Single V DVD was also released on the same day. The single was also released in a limited edition which came in special packaging with five B3-sized mini posters.

Recording Industry Association of Japan
The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) (日本レコード協会, Nihon Rekōdo Kyōkai) is an industry trade group composed of Japanese corporations involved in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association, and adopted its current name in 1969.

The RIAJ's activities include promotion of music sales, enforcement of copyright law, and research related to the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual RIAJ Year Book, a statistical summary of each year's music sales, as well as distributing a variety of other data.

Headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, the RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members; some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere.

The association is responsible for certifying gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan.
Nikolai Tsulygin
Nikolai Leonidovich Tsulygin (Russian: Николай Леонидович Цулыгин) born May 29, 1975) is a retired Russian professional ice hockey player.  Tsulygin was drafted 30th overall by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft, the Ducks' second ever draft pick behind Paul Kariya and played twenty-two games for Anaheim, scoring one assist and collecting eight penalty minutes during the 1996–97 NHL season.  Tsulygin returned to Russia in 1999 and remained there until his retirement in 2008.

1993 NHL entry draft
The 1993 NHL entry draft was the 31st NHL entry draft. It took place on June 26, 1993, at the Colisée de Québec in Quebec City, Quebec.

First overall pick Alexandre Daigle is widely regarded today as one of the all-time greatest draft busts in NHL history. Regarding his draft position, Daigle uttered the now infamous comment, "I'm glad I got drafted first, because no one remembers number two". Chris Pronger, selected after Daigle with pick two by the Hartford Whalers, was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015.

The last active player in the NHL from the 1993 NHL entry draft was Kimmo Timonen, who retired after the 2014–15 season.
Canton of Avignon-Ouest
The canton of Avignon-Ouest is a French former administrative division in the department of Vaucluse and region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It had 23,867 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It comprised part of the communes of Avignon.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Amor (Cristian Castro song)
"Amor" (English: "Love") is a song written and performed by Mexican singer Cristian Castro and produced by Daniel Freiberg. It was released as the lead single for Castro's fourth studio album El Deseo de Oír Tu Voz in 1995 by Melody Records. It is an acoustic pop rock song in which the singer asks love to give him a chance. In the United States, it reached the summit of the Billboard Hot Latin Songs and spent 11 weeks at this position. In 1996, it ended as the second-best performing Latin song of the year in the country. "Amor" also reached number one on the Latin Pop Songs compiled by the same publication. A music video for "Amor" was filmed in Rome, Italy and directed by Castro, featuring the artist performing various stunts in the city.

Cristian Castro
Cristian Sáinz Castro (born 8 December 1974) is a Mexican pop singer. He is the son of actors Verónica Castro and Manuel "El Loco" Valdés, and nephew of actors Ramón Valdés (known for playing Don Ramón in El Chavo del Ocho) and Germán "Tin-Tan" Valdés. Castro has sold over 12 million records, making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists of all-time.

Juan Gabriel described Castro as "the man with the most faculties to sing in Mexico".
Davis Valley
Davis Valley (82°28′S 51°9′W﻿ / ﻿82.467°S 51.150°W﻿ / -82.467; -51.150﻿ (Davis Valley)) is an ice-free valley just east of Floridas Ridge in north-east Dufek Massif, in the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica.

Pensacola Mountains
The Pensacola Mountains (82°37′S 52°49′W﻿ / ﻿82.617°S 52.817°W﻿ / -82.617; -52.817﻿ (Pensacola Mountains)) are a large group of mountain ranges and peaks that extend 280 nautical miles (520 km; 320 mi) in a northeast–southwest direction in the Transantarctic Mountains System, Queen Elizabeth Land region of Antarctica.
They comprise the Argentina Range, Forrestal Range, Dufek Massif, Cordiner Peaks, Neptune Range, Patuxent Range, Rambo Nunataks and Pecora Escarpment. 
These mountain units lie astride the extensive Foundation Ice Stream and Support Force Glacier which drain northward to the Ronne Ice Shelf.
Battle of Pinos Altos
The Battle of Pinos Altos was a military action of the Apache Wars. It was fought on September 27, 1861, between settlers of Pinos Altos mining town, the Confederate Arizona Guards, and Apache warriors. The town is located about seven miles north of the present day Silver City, New Mexico.

Silver City, New Mexico
Silver City is a town in Grant County, New Mexico, United States. It is the county seat and the home of Western New Mexico University. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,315. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,704.
Historiography of Germany
The historiography of Germany deals with the manner in which historians have depicted, analyzed and debated the history of Germany. It also covers the popular memory of critical historical events, ideas and leaders, as well as the depiction of those events in museums, monuments, reenactments, pageants and historic sites, and the editing of historical documents.

Jürgen Kocka
Jürgen Kocka (born 19 April 1941 in Haindorf, Sudetenland) is a German historian.

A university professor and former president of the Social Science Research Center Berlin (2001–2007), Kocka is a major figure in the new Social History, especially as represented by the Bielefeld School. He has focused his research on the history of employees in large German and American businesses, and on the history of European bourgeoisie.

Inspired by the methods of Ernest Labrousse, he attempts to analyze social processes of German society from the perspective of modernisation, industrialization, and the creation of modern Europe.
Ivory Coast national rugby union team
The Ivory Coast national rugby union team, nicknamed Les Éléphants, participates in the annual Africa Cup and are considered a third tier rugby team.

Formed in 1990, the team's most significant achievement to date was their success in qualifying for the Rugby World Cup for their first and so far only time in 1995. They have not qualified since, though they did reach the semi-finals of the African qualifying competition for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, achieving a home draw against eventual qualifiers Namibia before being defeated in their away match.

Rugby union in Côte d'Ivoire is popular among school children, but the rugby union playing population in Côte d'Ivoire is still relatively small with only 14 clubs and 470 registered senior players.

The national side is ranked 43rd in the world (as of 29 July 2019).

2011 Rugby World Cup – Africa qualification
In the African Regional qualifying process, 14 of the 15 eligible IRB member nations took part. South Africa had already qualified from Rugby World Cup 2007).

The qualifying process began with playoffs in May 2008. The 2008–09 Africa Cup doubled as the qualifying tournament, with the winner being Africa's direct qualifier. The runner-up of the tournament would be entered into the four-team World Cup playoff for the 20th 2011 Rugby World Cup finalist berth.

The Cup was decided first by four pools of three teams with the pool winners qualifying for the semi-finals.

Namibia swept Tunisia in a two-legged final, qualifying for Pool D of the 2011 Rugby World Cup, while Tunisia advanced to the Final Place Playoff.
Bulant (automobile)
The Bulanti was an Australian automobile built in 1971 by Brian Rawlings at Annangrove, New South Wales, Australia.
The Bulanti was based on the Mini Cooper, and was a mid-engined fibreglass coupé. It was built on a fabricated steel frame, on which the Mini sub-frame was laid, and weighed 1177 lb (535 kg).

The Bulant factory was located next to the Amaroo Park motor racing circuit, which was used as the test track for the prototype Bulanti, which had an aluminium body.

Rawlings built and sold two additional fibreglass bodied cars, but when prospective customers wanted their cars built to their exact specifications, Rawlings decided that he couldn't spare the time on future construction, and ended the project. The aluminium prototype survives today.

Amaroo Park
Amaroo Park Raceway was a 1.930 km (1.199 mi) motor racing circuit located in Annangrove, New South Wales, in the present-day north-western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. Opened in 1967, the road circuit served as a venue for a variety of competitions including the Castrol 6 Hour motorcycle race, rounds of the Australian Touring Car Championship, Australian Drivers' Championship, Australian Formula Ford Championship, Australian Sports Sedan Championship, the AMSCAR Series for touring cars, historic racing and others. The last Australian Touring Car Championship round to take place at the circuit was in 1994.

From 1970, Amaroo Park was run and promoted by the Australian Racing Drivers Club (ARDC) who also promoted the Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst, and later were the promoters of Sydney's Eastern Creek Raceway.

The ARDC lost money promoting the Super Touring Bathurst 1000 from 1997 to 1999 and this circuit was sold to recover some of the loss.
Marko Vešović
Marko Vešović (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Вешовић; born 28 August 1991) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a right wing-back for Croatian HNL club Lokomotiva and the Montenegro national team.

NK Lokomotiva Zagreb
Nogometni klub Lokomotiva Zagreb (lit. 'Football Club Lokomotiva Zagreb'), commonly known as Lokomotiva Zagreb or simply Lokomotiva, is a Croatian professional football club based in Zagreb. It competes in the Croatian First Football League, the country's top division. Founded in 1914, the club's first period of success came in the late 1940s and early 1950s, before spending most of the following five decades in lower-level leagues.

Between 2007 and 2009 they won three consecutive promotions to rise from the fourth level to the first in the Croatian football league system. They hosted their home matches at Stadion Maksimir for a couple of years before moving to Stadion Kranjčevićeva, as their own ground Igralište na Kajzerici in the Novi Zagreb's Kajzerica neighbourhood is unsuitable for the top-level football.
Gan mao ling
Gan Mao Ling (simplified Chinese: 感冒灵; traditional Chinese: 感冒靈) is a Chinese herbal medication alleged to be effective in the early stages of cold or flu.

The ingredients of the remedy are:

Ilex root, Gang Mei Gen

Euodia leaf, San Cha Ku

Chrysanthemum flower, Ju Hua

Vitex herb, Huang Jing Cao

Isatis root, Ban Lan Gen

Lonicera flower, Jin Yin Hua

Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums (/krɪˈsænθəməmz/ kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes abbreviated to mums or chrysanths, are perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that bloom in the autumn. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Many thousands of horticultural varieties and cultivars exist.
Tokyo International Viola Competition
The Tokyo International Viola Competition is a viola competition established in 2009. It is the first Asian competition dedicated exclusively to the viola and is held in conjunction with Viola Space, a three-year violin festival founded in 1992 by Nobuko Imai.

In addition to the financial recognition for the three winners, several special prizes are awarded, including instruments and strings donated for the event, prize for the public vote, prize for the best interpretation of a Japanese composition and invitations to play at various international festivals.

Nobuko Imai
Nobuko Imai (今井 信子, Imai Nobuko, born March 18, 1943) is a renowned Japanese classical violist with an extensive career as soloist and chamber musician. Since 1988 she has played a 1690 Andrea Guarneri instrument.
Papkovich–Neuber solution
The Papkovich–Neuber solution is a technique for generating analytic solutions to the Newtonian incompressible Stokes equations, though it was originally developed to solve the equations of linear elasticity.

It can be shown that any Stokes flow with body force  can be written in the form:

where  is a harmonic vector potential and  is a harmonic scalar potential.  The properties and ease of construction of harmonic functions makes the Papkovich–Neuber solution a powerful technique for solving the Stokes Equations in a variety of domains.

Linear elasticity
Linear elasticity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed by prescribed loading conditions. It is a simplification of the more general nonlinear theory of elasticity and a branch of continuum mechanics.

The fundamental assumptions of linear elasticity are infinitesimal strains — meaning, "small" deformations — and linear relationships between the components of stress and strain — hence the "linear" in its name. Linear elasticity is valid only for stress states that do not produce yielding. Its assumptions are reasonable for many engineering materials and engineering design scenarios. Linear elasticity is therefore used extensively in structural analysis and engineering design, often with the aid of finite element analysis.
River Oykel
The River Oykel (Scottish Gaelic: Òiceall or Abhainn Òiceall, pronounced [ˈa.ɪɲ ˈɔːçkʲəl̪ˠ]) is a major river in northern Scotland that is famous for its salmon fishing. It rises on Ben More Assynt, a few miles from Ullapool on the west coast of Scotland, and drains into the North Sea via the Kyle of Sutherland. Traditionally it has marked the boundary between Ross (parish of Kincardine) to the south and Sutherland (parish of Creich) to the north.

Ullapool
Ullapool (/ˈʌləpuːl/; Scottish Gaelic: Ulapul [ˈul̪ˠapʰul̪ˠ]) is a village and port located in the civil parish of Lochbroom in the county of Ross and Cromarty, Scottish Highlands. It is located around 45 miles (70 kilometres) northwest of Inverness. According to the Scottish Government in 2016, the village had a population of 1,520 people, making it the largest settlement in Wester Ross.

Ullapool sits on a deep sea loch, Loch Broom, a significant natural harbour. As a result, Ullapool's port is regionally significant with ferries operated by Caledonian MacBrayne running from Ullapool to Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis. It also serves leisure craft, commercial fishing vessels and cruise ships.

The A835 road from Inverness to Durness passes through the village. This forms part of the scenic tourist route, the North Coast 500.
Collagen, type I, alpha 1
Collagen, type I, alpha 1, also known as alpha-1 type I collagen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL1A1 gene. COL1A1 encodes the major component of type I collagen, the fibrillar collagen  found in most connective tissues, including cartilage.

Connective tissue
Connective tissue is biological tissue that is found in between other tissues in the body. Most types of connective tissue consists of three main components: elastic and collagen fibers, ground substance, and cells.

It is one of the four primary types of animal tissue along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops mostly from the mesenchyme, derived from the mesoderm, the middle embryonic germ layer.

The three meninges, membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, are composed of connective tissue. Blood and lymph are classed as specialized fluid connective tissues that do not contain fiber. All are immersed in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes.

The term "connective tissue" (in German, Bindegewebe) was introduced in 1830 by Johannes Peter Müller. The tissue was already recognized as a distinct class in the 18th century.
École secondaire Georges-P.-Vanier
École secondaire Georges-P.-Vanier is a French first language high school located in the Westdale Village district in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It serves the French language population of Brant, Haldimand, Norfolk, Halton, Hamilton-Wentworth, and Wellington counties.

The school has a theatre group, Les Petits Géants, that has won multiple awards at the Sears Theatre Festival. The theatre group had the honour of presenting its plays in St-Malo, France and in Sicily.

École secondaire Georges-P.-Vanier celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2014.

Norfolk County, Ontario
Norfolk County (/ˈnɔːrfoʊk/ NOR-fohk) is a rural single-tier municipality on the north shore of Lake Erie in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a 2023 population of 73,015. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The largest community in Norfolk County is Simcoe, whose 2021 population was 16,121. The other population centres are Port Dover, Delhi, Waterford and Port Rowan, and there are many smaller communities. For several years in the late 20th century, the county was merged with Haldimand County but the merged entity was dissolved in 2000.
Kairala, Pelkosenniemi
Kairala (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑi̯rɑlɑ]) is a village of about sixty inhabitants along the Highway 5 (E63) in Pelkosenniemi municipality in Lapland, Finland, located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of its church village. The village is cut by the Kitinen River, which flows into the Kemi River, and the village's population is located on both sides of the river. The east and west sides of the village are connected by a bridge completed in 1987.

The west side of the village is characterized by many the Rear Bothnian log buildings built mainly on both sides of the 20th century fold, which were left unburnt during the Lapland War when Germans retreated north from the east side of the river. The eastern side of the village was completely burned by Germans, except for one shed building.

Finnish national road 5
Finnish national road 5 (Finnish:Valtatie 5 or Viitostie, Swedish: Riksväg 5) is a main route connecting Lusi (Heinola) in the south of the country to Sodankylä in the north. It is 905 kilometres long. National road 5 forms part of the E63 between Vehmasmäki (Kuopio) and Sodankylä.