hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stabistor
The stabistor (also called a forward reference diode) is the technical term used to designate a special type of semiconductor silicon diode featuring extremely stable forward voltage  characteristics. These devices are specially designed for low-voltage stabilization applications requiring a guaranteed voltage over a wide current range and highly stable over temperature. In these applications, stabistors offer improved dynamic impedance (voltage change vs. current) than low voltage zener diodes where tunneling instead of avalanche current is dominant. Other typical applications include bias stabilization in class-AB output stages, clipping, clamping, meter protection, etc.

Avalanche breakdown
Avalanche breakdown (or the avalanche effect) is a phenomenon that can occur in both insulating and semiconducting materials. It is a form of electric current multiplication that can allow very large currents within materials which are otherwise good insulators. It is a type of electron avalanche. The avalanche process occurs when carriers in the transition region are accelerated by the electric field to energies sufficient to create mobile or free electron-hole pairs via collisions with bound electrons.
Bob Pettit (baseball)
Robert Henry Pettit (July 19, 1861 – November 1, 1910) was an American professional baseball player who played outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1887 to 1891. He played for the Chicago White Stockings and Milwaukee Brewers.

History of the Chicago Cubs
The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball, a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings, before joining the National Association in 1871. The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876. They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America, predating the team now known as the Atlanta Braves by one year. In their early history, they were called the White Stockings, Orphans, Infants, Remnants and Colts by the press before officially becoming the "Cubs" in 1903.
Blue Gulch Reservoir Dam
The Blue Gulch Reservoir Dam is a dam in Kettle Falls, Washington.  It is owned by Richard Hurst, who also owns the Blue Gulch Reservoir.

The dam is located at 48°35′24″N 118°05′58″W﻿ / ﻿48.59000°N 118.09944°W﻿ / 48.59000; -118.09944 in Stevens County, Washington.  The dam was completed in 1926.

Kettle Falls, Washington
Kettle Falls is a city in Stevens County, Washington, United States, named for the Kettle Falls on the Columbia River- which was submerged after Grand Coulee Dam was built. The city itself is located on the Colville River immediately upstream from its confluence with the Columbia River. The population was 1,636 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 1,649 in 2024.
Pungency
Pungency (/ˈpʌndʒənsi/ ⓘ PUN-jən-see), commonly referred to as spiciness, hotness or heat,  is a sensation that contributes to the flavor of certain foods such as chili peppers. Highly pungent foods may be experienced as unpleasant. The term piquancy (/ˈpiːkənsi/ PEEK-ən-see) is sometimes applied to foods with a lower degree of pungency that are "agreeably stimulating to the palate". In addition to chili peppers, piquant ingredients include wasabi, horseradish and mustard. The primary substances responsible for pungency are capsaicin (in chilis), piperine (in peppercorns) and allyl isothiocyanate (in radishes, mustard and wasabi).

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
Vern McKinley
Vernon P. "Vern" McKinley, born in East Chicago, Indiana advises governments on financial sector policy and legal issues. He is the co-author with the Wall Street Journal's James Freeman of Borrowed Time: Two Centuries of Booms, Busts and Bailouts at Citi published by HarperCollins in 2018. He is also the author of Financing Failure: A Century of Bailouts, published by the Independent Institute in 2012. He was a primary election challenger to 28-year incumbent Congressman Frank Wolf in northern Virginia's 10th congressional district in the 2008 elections, the only one to ever challenge Wolf in a primary during his long tenure. McKinley lives with his family in Ashburn, Virginia and they have also lived in Kyiv and Yerevan.

Independent Institute
The Independent Institute is an American libertarian think tank founded in 1986 by David J. Theroux and based in Oakland, California. The institute has more than 140 research fellows and is organized into seven centers addressing a range of political, social, economic, legal, environmental, and foreign policy issues. The Independent Institute publishes books, reports, blogs, podcasts, and the quarterly scholarly journal The Independent Review.
Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting
On June 24, 1947, private pilot Kenneth Arnold saw what he described as a string of nine shiny unidentified flying objects flying past Mount Rainier at speeds that he estimated to be at least 1,200 miles per hour (1,900 km/h).

This was the first post-World War II sighting in the United States that garnered nationwide news coverage and is credited with being the first of the modern era of UFO sightings, including numerous reported sightings over the next two to three weeks. Arnold's description of the objects also led to the press quickly coining the terms flying saucer and flying disc as popular descriptive terms for UFOs.

Edward R. Murrow
Edward Roscoe Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent.

He first gained prominence during World War II with a series of live radio broadcasts from Europe for the news division of CBS. During the war he recruited and worked closely with a team of war correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys. A pioneer of radio and television news broadcasting, Murrow produced a series of reports on his television program See It Now which helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Fellow journalists Eric Sevareid, Ed Bliss, Bill Downs, Dan Rather, and Alexander Kendrick consider Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures. Murrow's life has been dramatized in several films, including Good Night, and Good Luck, which takes its name from the signature sign-off phrase Murrow used to end many of his wartime broadcasts.
Gourri
Gourri (Greek: Γούρρι) is a village in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, found on a rough side at the foothill of the Machaira mountain, in the geographical region of Pitsilia. The village is located 10 km south of Klirou, 36 km from Nicosia.

Nicosia District
The Nicosia District, or simply Nicosia (also Lefkosia and Lefkoşa), is one of the six districts of Cyprus. Its main town is the island country's capital city, Nicosia. The de facto TRNC-controlled northern part of the district is the Lefkoşa District of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

TRNC-controlled areas of the Larnaca District of the Republic of Cyprus are administered as part of Nicosia District, while western parts of the Nicosia District under de facto TRNC control are administered as part of the new Güzelyurt and Lefke Districts.
57-1419
57-1419 is the tail number of an individual KC-135R Stratotanker operated by the Arizona Air National Guard. 57-1419 was built in 1957 and is the oldest aircraft in active United States military service. As of 2013, 57-1419 had 22,300 flight hours and was in service with the New Hampshire Air National Guard's 157th Air Refueling Wing. In 2019, the aircraft was transferred to the Arizona Air National Guard.

Arizona Air National Guard
The Arizona Air National Guard (AZ ANG) is the aerial militia of the state of Arizona, United States of America. It is, along with the Arizona Army National Guard, an element of the Arizona National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Arizona Air National Guard are not typically in the normal United States Air Force chain of command unless federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Arizona through the office of the Arizona Adjutant General unless they are federalized when ordered by the President of the United States.  The Arizona Air National Guard is headquartered at the Joint Force Headquarters in Phoenix and at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport, and its commander is currently Major General Kerry L. Muehlenbeck.
Georgievski
Georgievski (Macedonian: Георгиевски) (feminine: Georgievska) is a Macedonian-language surname, meaning son of Georgi. Notable people with the surname include:

Blagoja Georgievski (1950–2020), Macedonian basketball player and coach

Daniel Georgievski (born 1988), Australian footballer

Dejan Georgievski (born 1999), Macedonian taekwondo practitioner

Goce Georgievski (born 1987), Macedonian handball player

Goran Georgievski (1969–2005), Macedonian police commander

Goran Georgievski (footballer) (born 1965), Macedonian footballer

Hristijan Georgievski (born 2003), Macedonian footballer

Ljubčo Georgievski (born 1966), Macedonian politician

Panče Georgievski (born 1973), Macedonian footballer

Slavčo Georgievski (born 1980), Macedonian footballer

Vladimir Georgievski (born 1982), Macedonian basketball player

Vladimir Georgievski (artist) (1942–2017), Macedonian painter and professor

Dejan Georgievski
Dejan Georgievski (Macedonian: Дејан Георгиевски; born 8 May 1999) is a Macedonian professional taekwondo practitioner who  represents North Macedonia internationally in the World Taekwondo Tournaments in the men's heavyweight (+87 kg) class. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the men's +80 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
Mario Abbate
Mario Abbate (Naples, 8 August 1927 – Naples, 6 August 1981) was an Italian singer and actor, famous as an exponent of Neapolitan songs. He appeared in three Italian movies: Naples Sings (1953), It Happened at the Police Station (1954), and Treasure of San Gennaro (1966). He died on 6 August 1981, at age 53.

Treasure of San Gennaro
Treasure of San Gennaro (Italian: Operazione San Gennaro) is a 1966 Italian comedy film starring Nino Manfredi, Senta Berger, Totò and Claudine Auger. Directed by Dino Risi, it is the story of a heist gone wrong. It won a Silver Prize at the 5th Moscow International Film Festival.
Shiwatoo
Shiwatoo (Sorani Kurdish: شیوه‌تو), located 7 km to the west of Mahabad, overlooking Mahabad-Piranshahr road in the West Azarbaijan Province, Iran, is an archaeological site of the Lower Paleolithic, c. 400.000 years ago.

Central Kurdish
Central Kurdish, also known as Sorani Kurdish, is a Kurdish language variety spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the Iranian provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan. Central Kurdish is one of the two official languages of Iraq, along with Arabic, and is in administrative documents simply referred to as "Kurdish".

The term Sorani, named after the Soran Emirate, refers to a variety of Central Kurdish based on the dialect spoken in Slemani. Central Kurdish is written in the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet, an adaptation of the Arabic script developed in the 1920s by Sa'ed Sidqi Kaban and Taufiq Wahby.
Red Road (film)
Red Road is a 2006 psychological thriller film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kate Dickie, Tony Curran, Martin Compston, and Natalie Press. It tells the story of a CCTV security operator who observes a man from her past through her monitors. It is named after, and partly set at, the Red Road Flats in Balornock, Glasgow, Scotland, which were the tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time they were built. It was shot largely in a Dogme 95 style, using handheld cameras and natural light. The Observer polled several filmmakers and film critics who voted it as one of the best British films in the last 25 years.

Red Road is the first film in Advance Party, a projected trilogy following a set of rules dictating how the films will be written and directed. They will all be filmed and set in Scotland, using the same characters and cast. Each film will be made by a different first-time director.

Dogme 95
Dogme 95 (Danish: [ˈtʌwmə]; Danish for "Dogma 95") was a Danish avant-garde filmmaking movement founded by Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg, who created the "Dogme 95 Manifesto" and the "Vows of Chastity" (Danish: kyskhedsløfter). These were rules to create films based on the traditional values of story, acting, and theme, while excluding the use of elaborate special effects or technology. It was supposedly created as an attempt to "take back power for the directors as artists" as opposed to the movie studio.

Von Trier and Vinterberg were later joined by Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, forming a group known as the Dogme 95 Collective or the Dogme Brethren. French-American filmmaker Jean-Marc Barr and American filmmaker Harmony Korine are also seen as major figures in the movement. Breaking the Waves (1996), von Trier's first film under his own production company Zentropa, became the precursor of the movement.
William Milward
William Milward (1702–1742) was a British stage actor.

He began his career with John Rich's company at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre and also appeared at the Haymarket. From 1734 he became part of the company at Drury Lane where he remained for the rest of his career.

George Lillo
George Lillo (3 February 1691 – 4 September 1739) was an English playwright. He was also a jeweller in London. He produced his first stage work, Silvia, or The Country Burial, in 1730, and a year later his most famous play, The London Merchant. He wrote at least six more plays before his death in 1739, including The Christian Hero (1735), Fatal Curiosity (1737) and Marina (1738).
Su Nan-cheng
Su Nan-cheng (Chinese: 蘇南成; pinyin: Sū Nánchéng; 14 January 1936 – 2 September 2014) was a Taiwanese politician and Senior Advisor to ROC President Chen Shui-bian. He was a mayor of Tainan, serving from 1977 to 1985, and an appointed mayor of Kaohsiung, serving from 1985 to 1990. He was the speaker of the ROC National Assembly in 1999. Su was in the Kuomintang and was part of the faction that supported the Taiwanese localization movement. He was expelled from the KMT twice: first in 1972 for violating a party resolution and running for Tainan City Mayor as an independent; second in 1999 for forwarding a term-extension amendment in the National Assembly against party orders. In 2003, Su openly supported DPP candidate Chen Shui-bian in the 2004 presidential election.

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
2003 Algerian Cup final
The 2003 Algerian Cup final was the 39th final of the Algerian Cup. The final took place on June 12, 2003, at Stade Mustapha Tchaker in Blida with kick-off at 15:00. USM Alger beat CR Belouizdad in extra time with a golden goal in the 117th minute in the final after the game ended 1–1. It was USM Alger's sixth Algerian Cup in its history.

Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 clubs USM Alger and CR Belouizdad were the contestants in the final, in the 41st edition of the Algiers Derby. The competition winners were awarded a berth in the 2004 CAF Confederation Cup.

2004 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2004 CAF Confederation Cup was the first edition of the newly created CAF Confederation Cup. Hearts of Oak of Ghana beat fellow Ghanaians Asante Kotoko 8-7 on penalties in the final after the two legs ended 2-2.
Brockia lithotrophica
Brockia lithotrophica  is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus Brockia which has been isolated from a sediment-water mixture from a hot spring in Uzon Caldera in Russia. 
This bacterium is rod shaped, spore-forming and obligate anaerobe. It is lithoautotroph and grows on a mineral medium with molecular sulfur, thiosulfate or polysulfide; it has optimal growth temperature in the range of 60 to 65 °C (140 to 149 °F) for pH 6.5, but it is able to grow between 46 °C (115 °F) and 78 °C (172 °F) and pH ranging from 5.5 to 8.5.

Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2). Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with some species capable of surviving in up to 8% oxygen, while others lose viability in environments with an oxygen concentration greater than 0.5%.

Obligate anaerobes, which die when normal amounts of oxygen are present, are contrasted with obligate aerobes, which die without oxygen. Bacteria that fall in between these two extremes may be classified as either facultative anaerobes, which can use oxygen but also survive without it, or microaerophiles, which need lower levels of oxygen. Aerotolerant organisms are indifferent to the presence or absence of oxygen.
Nybrogade 10
Nybrogade 10 is a Late Neoclassical property on the Gammel Strand-Nybrogade canalfront, opposite Thorvaldsens Museum and Christiansborg Palace, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The narrow property comprises the building at Snaregade 7 on the other side of the block as well as a perpendicular side wing that connects the two buildings along the northeast side of a small courtyard. The building on Nybrogade was constructed as a Baroque style townhouse but owes its current appearance to a major renovation in the 1850s. The complex  was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. The church historian Frederik Hammerich and the philologist and educator Martin Hammerich grew up in the building. Former city engineer and publisher of the city directory Kraks Vejviser Thorvald Krak (1830-1908) resided in the apartment on the third floor from 1899 until his death.

Magstræde
Snaregade and Magstræde are two of the oldest streets in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark, linking Gammel Strand at their eastern end with Rådhusstræde to the west. Snaregade extends from the small square at the Gammel Strand metro station to Knabrostræde where it turns into Magstræde.  The streets are among the few streets in the Old Town of Copenhagen which still feature their original cobbling.  Magstræde is associated with Huset i Magstræde ("The House in Magstræde"), now officially referred to as Huset KBH ("The House CPH"", "CPH" being short for "Copenhagen"), a culture house.
Yashodhar Mathpal
Yashodhar Mathpal (born 1939) is an Indian archaeologist, painter, curator, Gandhian and Rock art conservationist. He is most known for his study of cave art, especially in Bhimbetka rock shelters, Barechhina (Uttarakhand) and Kerala. He founded the Folk Culture Museum (Lok Sanskriti Sangrahalaya) in Bhimtal, Nainital district, in 1983.

He was awarded the Padma Shri, fourth-highest civilian honour by Government of India in 2006.

Barechhina
Barechhina is an Indian village in Almora district, Uttarakhand, 18 km from the district headquarters, the city of Almora. 
. It lies on highway from Almora-Barechhina-Dhaulchina-Sheraghat-RaiAgar-Berinag-Chaukori-Thal-Tejam to Munsiyari.
Psidopala tenuis
Psidopala tenuis is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in India, Nepal and Tibet, China.

The wingspan is about 34 mm. Adults are fuscous, the forewings with the basal area greyish, bounded by an obliquely sinuous line. There are small, dark-edged grey orbicular and reniform spots and an ill-defined sinuous grey line from the lower angle of the cell to the inner margin, as well as an irregular grey submarginal line joined by an oblique mark from the apex. The hindwings are grey.

Drepanidae
The Drepanidae are a family of moths with about 660 species described worldwide. They are generally divided in three subfamilies, which share the same type of hearing organ. Thyatirinae, previously often placed in their own family, bear a superficial resemblance to Noctuidae. Many species in the drepanid family have a distinctively hook-shaped apex to the fore wing, leading to their common name of hook-tips.

The larvae of many species are very distinctive, tapering to a point at the tail and usually resting with both head and tail raised. They usually feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, pupating between leaves spun together with silk.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (Latin for 'Geochemical and Cosmochemical Journal') is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It was  established in 1950 and is sponsored by the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society. The editor-in-chief is Jeffrey Catalano (Washington University in St. Louis). The journal covers topics in Earth geochemistry, planetary geochemistry, cosmochemistry and meteoritics.

Publishing formats include original research articles and invited reviews and occasional editorials, book reviews, and announcements. In addition, the journal publishes short comments (4 pages) targeting specific articles and designed to improve understanding of the target article by advocating a different interpretation supported by the literature, followed by a response by the author.

Editorial
An editorial, or leading article (UK) or leader (UK), is an article or any other written document, often unsigned, written by the senior editorial people or publisher of a newspaper or magazine, that expresses the publication's opinion about a particular topic or issue. Australian and major United States newspapers, such as The New York Times and The Boston Globe, often classify editorials under the heading "opinion".