hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noun class
In linguistics, a noun class is a particular category of nouns. A noun may belong to a given class because of the characteristic features of its referent, such as gender, animacy, shape, but such designations are often clearly conventional. Some authors use the term "grammatical gender" as a synonym of "noun class", but others consider these different concepts. Noun classes should not be confused with noun classifiers.

Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages.

In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns.  Every language has various linguistic and grammatical distinctions between nouns and verbs.
Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force
The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF) was a small volunteer force of approximately 2,000 men, raised in Australia shortly after the outbreak of World War I to seize and destroy German wireless stations in German New Guinea in the south-west Pacific. The German wireless installations were ordered to be destroyed because they were used by Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) Maximilian von Spee's East Asia Squadron of the Imperial German Navy, which threatened merchant shipping in the region. Following the capture of German possessions in the region, the AN&MEF provided occupation forces for the duration of the war. New Zealand provided a similar force for the occupation of German Samoa.

East Asia Squadron
The German East Asia Squadron (German: Kreuzergeschwader / Ostasiengeschwader) was an Imperial German Navy cruiser squadron which operated mainly in the Pacific Ocean between the mid-1890s until 1914, when it was destroyed at the Battle of the Falkland Islands. It was based at Germany's Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory in China.
WZNE
WZNE (94.1 FM) – branded 94.1 The Zone – is a commercial alternative rock radio station licensed to Brighton, New York, serving the Rochester metro area.  WZNE is owned by the Stephens Media Group. Its studios are located in Rochester and its transmitter is located on Pinnacle Hill in Brighton. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WZNE broadcasts over two HD Radio channels, and is available online.

Analog transmission
Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information. It could be the transfer of an analog signal, using an analog modulation method such as frequency modulation (FM) or amplitude modulation (AM), or no modulation at all.

Some textbooks also consider passband data transmission using a digital modulation method such as ASK, PSK and QAM, i.e. a sinewave modulated by a digital bit-stream, as analog transmission and as an analog signal. Others define that as digital transmission and as a digital signal. Baseband data transmission using line codes, resulting in a pulse train, are always considered as digital transmission, although the source signal may be a digitized analog signal.
169th Fighter Wing
The 169th Fighter Wing is a unit of the South Carolina Air National Guard stationed at McEntire Joint National Guard Base in Columbia, South Carolina. The wing operates the F-16 Fighting Falcon and provides air defense for the southeastern United States. It maintains wartime readiness and supports worldwide Air Force deployments and missions.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
2009 Italian Open (tennis)
The 2009 Italian Open (also known for 2009 Rome Masters and its sponsored title 2009 Internazionali BNL d'Italia) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 66th edition, and was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2009 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier-level tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy, with the men playing from April 25 through May 4, 2009, and the women from May 3 through May 9, 2009.

Foro Italico
Foro Italico is a sports complex in Rome, Italy, on the slopes of Monte Mario. It was built between 1928 and 1938 as the Foro Mussolini (literally Mussolini's Forum) under the design of Enrico Del Debbio and, later, Luigi Moretti.  Inspired by the Roman forums of the imperial age, its design is lauded as a preeminent example of Italian fascist architecture instituted by Mussolini. The purpose of the prestigious project was to get the Olympic Games of 1940 to be organised by fascist Italy and held in Rome.
Orphan (2016 film)
Orphan (French: Orpheline) is a 2016 French drama film directed by Arnaud des Pallières and starring Adèle Haenel, Adèle Exarchopoulos, Solène Rigot and Vega Cuzytek. It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival.

Arnaud des Pallières
Arnaud des Pallières (born 1 December 1961) is a French film director and screenwriter. His film Age of Uprising: The Legend of Michael Kohlhaas was screened in the main competition section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
Angus Fraser (civil servant)
Angus McKay Fraser KCB TD FSA (10 March 1928 – 27 May 2001) was a senior British Civil Servant politician and cabinet minister from 1979 until 1992, and a lifelong scholar of Gypsies, and of the author George Borrow.

George Borrow
George Henry Borrow (5 July 1803 – 26 July 1881) was an English writer of novels and of travel based on personal experiences in Europe. His travels gave him a close affinity with the Romani people of Europe, who figure strongly in his work. His best-known books are The Bible in Spain and the novels Lavengro and The Romany Rye, set in his time with the English Romanichal (Gypsies).
Ngaoundéré Central Station
The Ngaoundéré Central Station (Gare centrale de Ngaoundéré in French) is the main railway station in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. It is located on the Yaoundé-Bélabo-Ngaoundéré line of the Camrail network.

The station was opened on December 10, 1974. It was extensively renovated in 2012, at a cost of around two billion CFA francs. This renovation added 22 benches, 16 lamps, toilet blocks, commercial buildings, the installation of tiles and the construction of offices for the Commissioner of Railways.

The station serves as a discharge point for fresh foods which are then loaded into trucks for transport to points in the north of the country and in Chad. While a true dry port, the railway station in Ngaoundere lacks the appropriate infrastructure for the storage of fresh food. The food items are left in the open air, close to other types of goods, regardless of the type.

Camrail
Camrail is a company operating passenger and freight traffic between the two largest cities in Cameroon and several smaller cities. The company was formed in 1999 and granted a 20-year concession to operate the Cameroon National Railway. The company is a subsidiary of French investment group Bolloré and the railway has been operated by Comazar, a subsidiary of Bolloré, since 1999. According to the Comazar website, the government of Cameroon owns the track while the rolling stock is owned by Camrail.

According to a report by the World Bank in 2011, Camrail ranked relatively high amongst African countries for productivity indicators and was considered a regional leader in terms of implementing a concession to a non-state operator. The 2016 Eséka train derailment took place on Camrail tracks and the company was under investigation by the government and was sued by relatives of the 79 passengers who died in the crash.
Runaway (Jamiroquai song)
"Runaway" is the only single taken from British acid jazz band Jamiroquai's greatest hits compilation High Times: Singles 1992–2006. The track was released on 30 October 2006. It was their fifth No. 1 on the US Dance Club Songs chart, and it peaked at No. 18 on the UK Singles Chart.

Acid jazz
Acid jazz (also known as club jazz, psychedelic jazz, or groove jazz) is a music genre that combines elements of funk, soul, and hip hop. Acid jazz originated in clubs in London during the 1980s with the rare groove movement and spread to the United States, Western Europe, Latin America and Japan. Acts included The Brand New Heavies, Incognito, James Taylor Quartet, Us3, and Jamiroquai from the UK, and Guru, Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the U.S. The rise of electronic club music in the middle to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, acid jazz became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are seen as jazz-funk, or nu jazz.
Abraham Fatnowna
Abraham "Butch" Fatnowna (born 19 April 1974) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played for Brisbane Broncos, Workington Town, London Broncos and Hunslet Hawks.

Fatnowna joined Workington in July 1996 during the inaugural Super League season. A year later, he joined London.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
UC: Undercover
UC: Undercover is an American procedural drama television series created by Shane Salerno and Don Winslow. The series premiered on the NBC network on September 30, 2001. The series ran for one season of 13 episodes, finishing its run on March 23, 2002. It focused on the secret lives and private demons of an elite Justice Department crime-fighting unit that confronted the United States' deadliest, most untouchable lawbreakers by going undercover to bust them.

The screenplays were either solely written or co-written by Salerno. The main title theme song was written by English composer David Arnold (composer for five James Bond films and the TV series Sherlock, among many others) who also scored the pilot episode. Salerno said the show was a "very music driven series."

Jon Seda
Jon Seda (born October 14, 1970) is an American actor. Seda was an amateur boxer who auditioned for and was given a role in the 1992 boxing film Gladiator. He played the role of Chris Pérez alongside Jennifer Lopez in the movie Selena, and portrayed U.S. Marine John Basilone, recipient of the Medal of Honor, in Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg's The Pacific. On television, he had roles as Detective Antonio Dawson in NBC's Chicago P.D., and as Paul Falsone in NBC's Homicide: Life on the Street.
Laurobasidium
Laurobasidium is a genus of fungi in the Exobasidiaceae family. The genus contains two species. One is Laurobasidium lauri, found in Europe and described by W. Jülich in 1982, and another is L. hachijoense, found in Hachijō-jima, Japan and described in 1985.

Laurobasidium lauri grows solely on laurel (genus Laurus), Laurus novocanariensis on Madeira and the Canary Islands and Laurus nobilis on the western Iberian Peninsula. L. hachijoense grows solely on the Japanese cinnamon, Cinnamomum japonicum.

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis /ˈlɔːrəs ˈnɒbɪlɪs/ is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glabrous (smooth) leaves. It is in the flowering plant family Lauraceae. According to  Muer, Jahn, & Sauerbier, the stem can be 1 metre in diameter and the tree can be as high as 20 metres. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is used as bay leaf for seasoning in cooking. Its common names include bay tree (esp. United Kingdom),: 84  bay laurel, sweet bay, true laurel, Grecian laurel, or simply laurel. Laurus nobilis figures prominently in classical Greco-Roman culture.

Worldwide, many other kinds of plants in diverse families are also called "bay" or "laurel", generally due to similarity of foliage or aroma to Laurus nobilis.
Jeremy Jones (cricketer)
Jeremy Garth Jones (born 19 January 1979) is a Jamaican-born cricketer who plays for the Turks and Caicos Islands.  Jones is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium.

Jones played a single Twenty20 match for the Turks and Caicos Islands against Montserrat in the 2008 Stanford 20/20 at the Stanford Cricket Ground.  He was run out for 2 runs in this match by Shernyl Burns, with the Turks and Caicos Islands making just 67 runs in their twenty overs.  Montserrat went on to win the match by 9 wickets, with Jones bowling two wicketless overs.

Jamaicans
Jamaicans are the citizens of Jamaica and their descendants in the Jamaican diaspora. The vast majority of Jamaicans are of Sub-Saharan African descent, with minorities of Europeans, Indians, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and others of mixed ancestry. The bulk of the Jamaican diaspora resides in other Anglophone countries, namely Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. Jamaican populations are also prominent in other Caribbean countries, territories and Commonwealth realms, where in the Cayman Islands, born Jamaicans, as well as Caymanians of Jamaican origin, make up 26.8% of the population.
Outside of Anglophone countries, the largest Jamaican diaspora community lives in Central America, where Jamaicans make up a significant percentage of the population.
Little River (Goose Creek tributary)
Little River is a 23.4-mile-long (37.7 km) tributary stream of Goose Creek in Fauquier and Loudoun counties in Northern Virginia. Via Goose Creek, it is a tributary of the Potomac River.

The stream rises to the east of Marshall in Fauquier County and flows northwards along the western base of the Bull Run Mountains to Aldie, where it passes between the Bull Run Mountains and Catoctin Mountain.  It then flows northward along the eastern slope of the latter mountain, joining Goose Creek east of Oatlands.

The Little River Turnpike (present-day U.S. Route 50/State Route 236) derives its name from the stream, as its western terminus was at the Little River in Aldie where it intersected the Ashby's Gap Turnpike and Snickersville Turnpike.

Fauquier County, Virginia
Fauquier County /fɔːˈkɪər/ is a United States county located on the Piedmont plateau of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  Part of the Northern Virginia region, Fauquier is included in the Washington metropolitan area.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 72,972. The county seat is the large historic town of  Warrenton.

The county was created in 1759 from part of Prince William County and was named in honor of Francis Fauquier, the administrative head of Virginia Colony at the time.  Fauquier hosts the Virginia Gold Cup, which, having started in 1922, is one of the longest running steeplechase horse race events in the United States.
Pattisaura
Pattisaura is an extinct genus of early crocodylomorph pseudosuchians from the Late Triassic (Norian age) Cooper Canyon Formation of Texas, United States. The genus contains a single species, P. gracilis, known from a partial skeleton including the skull.

Norian
The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period. It has the rank of an age (geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227.3 to 205.7 million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian.
1932 Tunis Grand Prix
The 1932 Tunis Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Carthage Street Circuit in Tunis, the capital of colonial Tunisia, on 17 April 1932. Achille Varzi, in a privateer Bugatti, won the 37-lap race ahead of fellow Bugatti driver Marcel Lehoux, with Philippe Étancelin, in an Alfa Romeo, claiming third position. The leading drivers in the voiturette class were Louis Joly, Pierre Veyron and Luigi Castelbarco.

Grand Prix motor racing
Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition, has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as early as 1894. It quickly evolved from simple road races from one town to the next, to endurance tests for car and driver. Innovation and the drive of competition soon saw speeds exceeding 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), but because early races took place on open roads, accidents occurred frequently, resulting in deaths both of drivers and of spectators. A common abbreviation used for Grand Prix racing is "GP" or "GP racing".

The Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus, founded in Paris, on 20 June 1904, reorganised as Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), in 1947, headquartered in Paris. Each event of the Formula One World Championships is still called a Grand Prix; Formula One is also referred to as "Grand Prix racing". Some IndyCar championship races are also called "Grands Prix".
Brian Carolin
Brian Carolin (born 6 December 1939) was an English footballer who played as a wing half.

Carolin started his career with Ashington Welfare Juniors before joining Gateshead in 1957. He made 17 appearances in three seasons for Gateshead before moving to Blyth Spartans in 1960.

Gateshead A.F.C.
Gateshead Association Football Club was a football club based in Gateshead, County Durham, England. The club was formed in South Shields in 1899 as South Shields Adelaide Athletic. After success in the North Eastern League prior to World War I, they were voted into the Football League in 1919. Financial problems in the late 1920s saw the club relocate to Gateshead in 1930, adopting the name of their new town. They remained in the Football League until 1960, when they were surprisingly voted out of the Football League and replaced by Peterborough United, despite not having had to apply for re-election since 1937. They subsequently played in regional leagues before folding in 1973. In order to replace them, another South Shields club was then moved to Gateshead, becoming Gateshead United.
Ohio's 3rd senatorial district
Ohio's 3rd senatorial district has historically spanned vast portions of central Ohio from the Miami Valley to the Scioto Valley, but currently encompasses approximately a third of Franklin County.  It encompasses Ohio House districts 17, 19 and 20.  It has a Cook PVI of R+6.  The district was represented by Ted Gray from 1951 to 1994, the longest tenure of any member of the Ohio Senate.  Its current senator is Republican Michele Reynolds.

Ted Gray (politician)
Theodore Milton Gray (September 3, 1927 – March 6, 2024) was an American Republican politician who served in the Ohio Senate.  Gray initially ran for the Senate in 1950, and won.  He was sworn in on January 3, 1951 to his first term.  He won reelection in 1954, 1958.  After winning a fourth consecutive term in 1962, Gray was elected majority leader of the Senate. After winning a fifth term in 1966, Gray rose to the title of President pro tempore, the second highest post in the Senate.
Clayton P. Henderson
Clayton P. Henderson (born June 30, 1954) was a state legislator in Mississippi from 1979 until 2003. He worked in the funeral and insurance businesses.

He was born in Mound Bayou. He lives in Tunica, Mississippi. His family has owned Henderson Funeral Home.

He graduated from Jackson State University and John A. Gupton College.

Tunica, Mississippi
Tunica is a town in and the county seat of Tunica County, Mississippi, United States, near the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, Tunica had a population of 1,026. Until the early 1990s when casino gambling was introduced in the area, Tunica had been one of the most impoverished places in the United States. Despite this economic improvement, Tunica's population continues to decline from its peak in 1970.
Autologous patient-specific tumor antigen response
Autologous patient-specific tumor antigen response (apSTAR) technology is a new cancer treatment procedure being developed by IMULAN BioTherapeutics, LLC and Veterinary Cancer Therapeutics, LLC for comparative oncology.

Also known as laser-assisted immunotherapy, apSTAR is an experimental cancer treatment for solid tumors that uses an autologous vaccine-like approach to stimulate immune responses. Specifically, laser-assisted immunotherapy combines laser-induced in situ tumor devitalization with an immunoadjuvant for local immunostimulation.

Adjuvant
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs. Specifically, the term can refer to:

Adjuvant therapy in cancer management

Analgesic adjuvant in pain management

Immunologic adjuvant in vaccines
Baymurzino, Mechetlinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Baymurzino (Russian: Баймурзино; Bashkir: Баймырҙа, Baymırźa; Meadow Mari: Ардаш, Ardaš) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Baymurzinsky Selsoviet, Mishkinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 587 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.

Meadow Mari language
Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation.

Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard. The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological.
Francis Cooley
Francis Rexford Cooley (born October 16, 1963) is an American politician formerly serving as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 22nd district, which encompasses Plainville as well as parts of Farmington and Southington, from 2023 to 2025.

Connecticut's 22nd House of Representatives district
Connecticut's 22nd House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It consists of the town of Plainville and part of New Britain. It has been represented by Democrat Rebecca Martinez since 2025.