hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salisbury Sound
Salisbury Sound is a sound between the north shore of Kruzof Island and the southwestern end of Chichagof Island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska. It is about 40 km (25 mi) northwest of the city of Sitka, and within the limits of Sitka City and Borough.

Salisbury Sound was named by Captain Nathaniel Portlock in 1787, in honor of Bishop Salisbury, even though Portlock did not ever see the sound itself.  It was also named Puerto de los Remedios by Francisco Antonio Maurelle in 1775, Bay of Islands by Captain James Cook on 2 May 1778, Zund Klokacheva by navigator Ivan Vasiliev in 1809, and Protiv Olgi by Captain Tebenkov.

Salisbury Sound is the namesake of the seaplane tender USS Salisbury Sound.

Kruzof Island
57°10′14″N 135°40′29″W﻿ / ﻿57.17056°N 135.67472°W﻿ / 57.17056; -135.67472

Kruzof Island (Russian: остров Крузов) is an island in the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. It is about 16 km (10 mi) west of Sitka, and is part of the City and Borough of Sitka. It was named in 1805 by Captain U. T. Lisianski as Crooze Island, after a Russian Admiral.  It hosts the region's only volcano, Mount Edgecumbe.

In 1849, Captain Tebenkov recorded the Tlingit name for the island as being Tlikh.
Out of My System
"Out of My System" is a song by Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, released in 1988 as the second single from his second studio album Wish. It was written by Eddie Chacon and Suzanne Valentine, and produced by Danny Kortchmar. The song failed to chart in the UK, but reached No. 45 in Italy.

A music video was filmed to promote the single, while Sharkey also performed the song on the Dutch show TopPop. The B-side, "A Touch of Blue", was exclusive to the single, and was written by Sharkey and Tim Daly, and produced by Sharkey. The CD format of the single also featured the track "Blue Days", which was an album track from Wish.

Charles & Eddie
Charles & Eddie was an American soul music duo composed of Charles Pettigrew and Eddie Chacon. Their single "Would I Lie to You?", taken from their 1992 debut album, Duophonic, won Ivor Novello Awards in 1993 in the Best Contemporary Song, Best-Selling Song and International Hit of the Year categories. From 1992 to 1995 they hit the top 40 three more times in the UK.
2456 Palamedes
2456 Palamedes /pæləˈmiːdiːz/ is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 January 1966, by astronomers at the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanking, China. The assumed C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 7.24 hours and belongs to the 50 largest Jupiter trojans. It was named after Palamedes from Greek mythology.

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.
Ashton Keynes
Ashton Keynes is a village and civil parish in north Wiltshire, England which borders with Gloucestershire. The village is about 5 miles (8 km) south of Cirencester and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Cricklade. At the 2011 census the population of the parish, which includes the hamlet of North End, was 1,400.

The village lies within the Cotswold Water Park and on both sides of the River Thames, which has many channels here. It is about 6.5 miles (10 km) from the river's source at Thames Head.

Midland and South Western Junction Railway
The Midland and South Western Junction Railway (M&SWJR) was an independent railway built to form a north–south link between the Midland Railway and the London and South Western Railway in England, allowing the Midland and other companies' trains to reach the port of Southampton. The M&SWJR was formed in 1884 from the amalgamation of the Swindon, Marlborough and Andover Railway and the Swindon and Cheltenham Extension Railway. The line was absorbed by the Great Western Railway at the 1923 grouping of the railways, and became part of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. The railway closed to passengers in 1961, and to goods between 1964 and 1970. A small part of it has been reopened as the heritage Swindon and Cricklade Railway.
Uyar (inhabited locality)
Uyar (Russian: Уяр) is the name of several inhabited localities in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

Urban localities

Uyar, Uyarsky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a town in Uyarsky District

Rural localities

Uyar, Krasnoturansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a village in Bellyksky Selsoviet of Krasnoturansky District

Uyarsky District
Uyarsky District (Russian: Уя́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai and borders with Sukhobuzimsky District in the north, Rybinsky District in the east, Partizansky District in the south, Mansky District in the west, and with Beryozovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,196 square kilometers (848 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Uyar. Population: 21,932 (2010 census); 24,559 (2002 Census); 29,241 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Uyar accounts for 57.7% of the district's total population.
Brian Dempsey (businessman)
Brian Dempsey (born 1947) is a Scottish businessman.

He was a major funder of the Scottish Labour Party but latterly switched allegiance and donated to support Neil Gray (MP for Airdrie and Shotts) and the SNP. He was also briefly a director of Celtic FC in 1990.  He supported Fergus McCann's efforts to take over Celtic in the 1990s. He was declared bankrupt in June 2011, with debts in excess of £10 million.

Dempsey currently lives in Scotland after brief spells in Miami and the Caribbean. His father was James Dempsey, a Labour MP in Scotland.

Neil Gray
Neil Charles Gray (born 16 March 1986) is a Scottish politician serving as Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care since 2024. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), he has been the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Airdrie & Shotts since 2021. Gray previously served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the equivalent Westminster seat from 2015 to 2021. He served as Cabinet Secretary for Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy from 2023 to 2024, and Minister for Culture, Europe and International Development from 2022 to 2023.
2021 Transylvania Open
The 2021 Transylvania Open was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the first edition of the Transylvania Open, and part of the WTA 250 series of the 2021 WTA Tour. It was held at the BT Arena in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, from 25 October until 31 October 2021. Second-seeded Anett Kontaveit won the singles title. By winning the title, Kontaveit qualified for the WTA Finals.

WTA 250 tournaments
WTA 250 is a category of tennis tournaments in the Women's Tennis Association tour, implemented since the reorganization of the schedule in 2021. Earlier these events were classified as WTA International Tournaments.

The ranking points awarded to the winners of these tournaments are 250. This compares to 2,000 points for winning a Grand Slam tournament ("Major"), up to 1,500 points for winning the WTA Finals, 1000 points for winning a WTA 1000 tournament, and 500 for winning a WTA 500 tournament.

At their introduction in 2021, WTA 250 tournaments' prize money was approximately $250,000. As of 2025 season, this has risen to $275,094. All tournaments have a 32 player main draw for singles and a 16 team main draw for doubles.
Sakda
Sakda (薩克達/萨克达，pinyin: Sakeda) was a clan of Manchu nobility during Qing dynasty. The clan originally belonged to the Bordered Blue Banner. Later, the family was transferred into the Bordered Yellow Banner. Their ancestral home was located in Sakda valley, later expanded to Warka and Hada by two brothers : Chulu and Lilai. By the founding of Later Jin, the clan had been ruling territories ranging from Changbai Mountains, Ningguta to Amur region. After the demise of last Chinese dynasty, modern day descendants changed their surnames into: Li (里/礼), Cha (查), Ma (麻), Cang (苍) and Luo (骆).

Changbai Mountains
The Changbai Mountains (simplified Chinese: 长白山脉; traditional Chinese: 長白山脈; lit. 'long white mountain range') are a major mountain range in East Asia that extends from the Northeast Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, across the China-North Korea border (41°41' to 42°51'N; 127°43' to 128°16'E), to the North Korean provinces of Ryanggang and Chagang. They are also referred to as the Šanggiyan Mountains in the Manchu language, or the Great Paekdu in Korean. Most of its peaks exceed 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in height, with the tallest summit being Paektu Mountain at 2,744 m (9,003 ft), which contains the Heaven Lake, a large volcanic crater lake at a surface elevation of 2,189.1 m (7,182 ft). The protected area Longwanqun National Forest Park is located within the vicinity of the mountain range.
Adam Young (politician)
Adam Ryan Young is a Democratic party politician who was a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates during 2012–2014, representing the 41st district. Young has been a social studies teacher at Nicholas County High School since 2007.

During his time in office, Young cosponsored House Joint Resolution 108, the "Nonprofit Youth Organization Tax Exempt Support Amendment", which proposed an amendment to the Constitution of West Virginia. The amendment was referred to the public and approved by voters on November 4, 2014, becoming the first amendment to West Virginia's constitution in approximately ten years. The amendment, specifically written to benefit the Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve of the Boy Scouts of America, allows nonprofit youth organizations that focus on adventure, education or recreation to rent out or lease their facilities without being required to pay property taxes if the facilities cost at least $100 million.

Summit Bechtel Reserve
The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve, often shortened to Summit Bechtel Reserve (SBR) or The Summit, is a High Adventure base owned by Scouting America and located in Fayette and Raleigh counties, near Beckley, West Virginia. It comprises the Paul R. Christen National High Adventure Base, James C. Justice National Scout Camp, and John D. Tickle National Training and Leadership Center. The reserve is over 14,000 acres (22 sq mi) in size and is the current home of the National Scout Jamboree.

The Summit is one of Scouting America's four high adventures bases, the others being Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico, Northern Tier in Minnesota, as well as Manitoba and Ontario in Canada, and Sea Base in the Florida Keys.
French frigate Volontaire (1796)
Volontaire was a 40-gun Virginie-class frigate of the French Navy.

On 20 November 1798, along with Insurgente, Volontaire, under Captain Laurent, captured the 14-gun corvette USS Retaliation.

She took part in the Atlantic campaign of 1806 and was captured by HMS Diadem on 4 March 1806. She sailed into Table Bay, unaware that the British had captured Cape Town. Diadem, flying a Dutch flag, came alongside. When Diadem ran up the British flag, Volontaire surrendered.

The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Volontaire. Captain Josceline Percy commissioned her and sailed her to St Helena. There he took charge of a convoy for England.

The transports Anacreon and Charlotte sailed from the Cape of Good Hope on 11 March 1806 bound for France as cartels carrying Volontaire's crew.

On 21 March, Volontaire sailed as escort to 17 transports in a convoy to Great Britain carrying invalids and Dutch prisoners.

In 1809, she took part in the Battle of Maguelone.

Table Bay
Table Bay (Afrikaans: Tafelbaai) is a natural bay on the Atlantic Ocean at the northern end of the Cape Peninsula, which stretches south to the Cape of Good Hope. Overlooked by Cape Town, the bay is dominated by the flat-topped Table Mountain, from which it takes its name.
City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Afrikaans: Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane), also known as the City of Tshwane (/tswɑːnɪ/), is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng in South Africa. The metropolitan area is centred on the city of Pretoria with surrounding towns and localities included in the local government area.

Northern Sotho
Sepedi is one of South Africa’s twelve official languages and belongs to the Bantu language family, specifically the Sotho-Tswana group. The language is spoken mainly in Limpopo Province, and to a lesser extent in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West.

Sepedi refers to the dialect spoken by the Pedi people. Northern Sotho is the umbrella term for a group of related dialects. The two terms are often used interchangeably, but technically Sepedi is one dialect of Northern Sotho.

As of the 2022 South African Census, approximately 6.2 million people, or 10.0% of the national population, speak Sepedi as their first language. Sepedi ranks as the fifth most spoken first language.
21st IIFA Awards
The 21st International Indian Film Academy Awards were supposed to take place in Indore from 27 to 29 March 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, they were postponed. However, on 24 November 2021, the IIFA organising team declared the name of winners of all categories through their Instagram handle.

The following is a list of nominees, technical award winners and popular award winners.

Gully Boy led the ceremony with 17 nominations, followed by Article 15 and Kabir Singh with 8 nominations each, and Uri: The Surgical Strike and War with 6 nominations each.

Gully Boy won 6 awards, including Best Actress (for Alia Bhatt) and Best Supporting Actor (for Siddhant Chaturvedi), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

Siddhant Chaturvedi
Siddhant Chaturvedi (born 29 April 1993) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films. He starred as a teenage cricketer in the Amazon Prime Video series Inside Edge from 2017 to 2019 and ventured into films with the supporting role of a street rapper in the musical drama Gully Boy (2019), which won him the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. His performances in the coming-of-age drama Kho Gaye Hum Kahan (2023) and the romantic drama Dhadak 2 (2025) have been well-received.
Copyscope
A copyscope is type of refracting telescope that can be made by hand rather than bought in which the objective lens comes from an old photocopy machine, hence the origin of the name. The lenses usually come from defective or old photocopiers, allowing for the objective to be obtained for free or at a low cost. They are usually modest diameter lenses, ranging from 50mm to 60mm, of short focal length, good for use in a portable, wide-field telescope, but unsuitable for higher magnifications. Given the use of good components, however, a copyscope can become a rich-field instrument capable of reaching many extended objects and even star fields.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Nothnagel
Nothnagel is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anke Nothnagel (born 1966), East German sprint canoeist

Dominik Nothnagel (born 1994), German footballer

Hermann Nothnagel (1841–1905), German internist

José Sáinz Nothnagel (1907–1984), Spanish politician

Johann Andreas Benjamin Nothnagel (1729–1804) German Jewish painter

Dominik Nothnagel
Dominik Nothnagel (born 28 December 1994) is a German footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for VfB Stuttgart II.

In 2011, he earned a single cap for the German national under-18 team. He made his professional debut in the 3. Liga on 20 July 2013 for Borussia Dortmund II against VfB Stuttgart II. A year later he signed for Würzburger Kickers.
Walt Craddock
Walter Anderson Craddock (March 25, 1932 – July 6, 1980) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. The left-hander, born in Pax, West Virginia, appeared in 29 games for the Kansas City Athletics during the 1955, 1956 and 1958 seasons. He was listed as 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and 176 pounds (80 kg).

Craddock attended Syracuse University and signed with the Athletics in 1954. During his three MLB trials, which included five starting pitcher assignments, he lost all seven of his decisions, allowing 68 hits and 40 bases on balls in 61 innings pitched, with 39 strikeouts.  In the minor leagues, however, Craddock won 18 games for the 1957 Buffalo Bisons, tied with Humberto Robinson as the International League's winningest pitcher, and was selected to the IL all-star team.  He retired in 1960.

Games pitched
In baseball statistics, games pitched (denoted by Games G in tables of only pitching statistics) is the number of games in which a player appears as a pitcher. The statistic is also referred to as appearances, especially to refer to the number of games a relief pitcher has pitched in.

Normally, a pitcher must face at least one batter (or three batters in some relief situations), but exceptions are made in the case of injury. A notable example was Larry Yount, who suffered an injury while throwing warmup pitches after being summoned as a reliever in a Major League Baseball (MLB) game on September 15, 1971. He did not face a batter, but was credited with an appearance because he had been announced as a substitute. Yount never appeared in (or actually played in) any other MLB game.
Astrothelium laevithallinum
Astrothelium laevithallinum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Robert Lücking, Matthew Nelsen, and Marcelo Marcelli. The type specimen was collected by the first author from the Santuário do Caraça (Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, Minas Gerais) at an altitude between 1,300 and 1,400 m (4,300 and 4,600 ft); there, in Atlantic Forest, it was found in a forest remnant near a waterfall. The lichen has a smooth to uneven, green thallus that covers areas of up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The species epithet laevithallinum alludes to the contrast between its smooth thallus and the bullate thallus of its phylogenetically distinct but close relative, Astrothelium endochryseum. The characteristic of the lichen that distinguishes A. laevithallinum from others in genus Astrothelium is the smooth thallus.

Remnant natural area
A remnant natural area, also known as remnant habitat, is an ecological community containing native flora and fauna that has not been significantly disturbed by destructive activities such as agriculture, logging, pollution, development, fire suppression, or non-native species invasion. The more disturbed an area has been, the less characteristic it becomes of remnant habitat. Remnant areas are also described as "biologically intact" or "ecologically intact."

Remnant natural areas are often used as reference ecosystems in ecological restoration projects.
Calumet Photographic
Calumet Photographic, Inc., often shortened to Calumet Photo and formerly known as Calumet Manufacturing Company, is a photographic retail and photofinishing specialty store, originally headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. In 2012, the company owned and operated a chain of 32 locations worldwide. The company had 15 locations in the United States, 8 in the United Kingdom, 6 in Germany, 2 in the Netherlands and 1 in Belgium, with 200 employees and an annual revenue of $10 million.

On March 12, 2014, Calumet Photographic filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy. C&A Marketing, the New Jersey–based owners of a number of retail photo brands including Ritz Camera, Wolf Camera, Inkley's, Camera World, and RitzPix, purchased the US-based assets on May 1, 2014 for $4 million.

On May 7, 2014, the company announced that it would reopen its Oak Brook, Illinois, retail store location, and did so on May 11; it served as the anchor for the brand. The final three stores closed in January 2016.

Oak Brook, Illinois
Oak Brook is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, with a very small portion in Cook County. The population was 8,163 at the 2020 census.

A suburb of Chicago, it contains the headquarters of Ace Hardware, Portillo's Restaurants, Blistex, Federal Signal, CenterPoint Properties, Sanford L.P., TreeHouse Foods, Lions Clubs International, the U.S. Census Bureau Chicago regional office, and former headquarters of McDonald's and Ferrara Candy. The Lizzadro Museum of Lapidary Art moved there in 2019.
Hand-foot-genital syndrome
Hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS) is characterized by limb malformations and urogenital defects. Mild bilateral shortening of the thumbs and great toes, caused primarily by shortening of the distal phalanx and/or the first metacarpal or metatarsal, is the most common limb malformation and results in impaired dexterity or apposition of the thumbs. Urogenital abnormalities include abnormalities of the ureters and urethra and various degrees of incomplete Müllerian fusion in females and hypospadias of variable severity with or without chordee in males. Vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent urinary tract infections, and chronic pyelonephritis are common; fertility is normal.

Genitourinary system
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together. In placental mammals (including humans), the male urethra goes through and opens into the penis while the female urethra and vagina empty through the vulva.

The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in Nomina Anatomica (under splanchnologia) but is not used in the current Terminologia Anatomica.
Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime
Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime (French: Leçons sur l'Analytique du Sublime) is a 1991 book written by Jean-François Lyotard about the philosopher Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment (1790), focusing on Kant's description of the sublime.The book received positive reviews following the appearance of its English translation in 1994.

Philosophy of the Social Sciences (journal)
Philosophy of the Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers philosophy of social science. Its editor-in-chief is Ian C. Jarvie (York University). The journal was established in 1971 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.