hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wólka Kijewska
Wólka Kijewska [ˈvulka kiˈjɛfska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olecko, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south of Olecko and 133 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Olecko County
Olecko County (Polish: powiat olecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and only town is Olecko, which lies 135 kilometres (84 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

When powiats were re-introduced in the Polish local government reforms of 1999, the present Gołdap and Olecko Counties made up a single entity (called powiat olecko-gołdapski or Olecko-Gołdap County). This was divided into two in 2002.

The county covers an area of 873.57 square kilometres (337.3 sq mi). As of 2024 its total population is 31,863, out of which the population of Olecko is 15,617 and the rural population is 16,246.
Oryshkivtsi, Kremenets Raion, Ternopil Oblast
Oryshkivtsi (Ukrainian: Оришківці) is a village in Ukraine, Ternopil Oblast, Kremenets Raion, Lanivtsi urban hromada. After the liquidation of the Lanivtsi Raion on 19 July 2020, the village became part of the Kremenets Raion.

Kremenets Raion
Kremenets Raion (Ukrainian: Кременецький район) is a raion (district) in Ternopil Oblast of western Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Kremenets. Population: 140,063 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Kremenets Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Lanivtsi and Shumsk Raions, as well as a part of one more abolished raion, Zbarazh Raion, and the city of Kremenets, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Kremenets Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,884 (2020 est.).
Koiwai
Koiwai (written: 小岩井 lit "small rock well") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eichi Karl Koiwai (1920–2009), American judoka

Kotori Koiwai (小岩井 ことり; born 1990), Japanese voice actress

Kumiko Koiwai (小岩井 久美子; born 1975), Japanese figure skater

Sakura Koiwai (小祝さくら, born 1998), Japanese golfer

Eichi Karl Koiwai
Eichi Karl Koiwai, M.D. (February 21, 1920 – February 23, 2009) was the president of the United States Judo Federation (USJF) in 1973 and 1974 and the chairman of the United States Olympic Committee in 1973.
California Powder Works Bridge
The California Powder Works Bridge is a historic covered bridge in Santa Cruz, California.  It is a Smith truss bridge, built across the San Lorenzo River in 1872 by the California Powder Works, an explosives manufacturer whose factory complex stood on the river banks.  The bridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2015 as one of the best-preserved national examples of the Smith truss.  It is owned and maintained by the Paradise Park Masonic Club, and is open to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, with a posted weight limit of 5 tons.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Knollys baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Knollys (/noʊlz/), one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of Great Britain. Both creations became extinct on the death of the first holder.

The Knollys Baronetcy, of Grove Place in the County of Southampton, was created in the Baronetage of England on 6 May 1642 for Henry Knollys. The title became extinct on his death in 1648.

The Knollys Baronetcy, of Thame in the County of Oxford, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 1 April 1754 for Francis Knollys, subsequently Member of Parliament for Reading. The title became extinct on his death in 1772.

Reading (UK Parliament constituency)
Reading was a parliamentary borough, and later a borough constituency in England, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England until 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950 and 1955 to 1974. Until 1885, the constituency comprised the town of Reading in the county of Berkshire; after 1885, it was centred on the town but the exact boundaries differed.

From 1295, as a parliamentary borough, Reading elected two members of parliament (MPs). Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, this representation was reduced to a single MP.
Thomas Detry
Thomas Detry (born 13 January 1993) is a Belgian professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the LIV Golf League. He was a highly ranked amateur golfer before turning professional. In his first professional win at the Bridgestone Challenge, he set Challenge Tour records for largest margin of victory and tied for lowest score under-par with Ivó Giner. In 2025, he became the first Belgian to win on the PGA Tour when he won the WM Phoenix Open by seven shots.

LIV Golf
LIV Golf (/lɪv/ LIV) is a professional men's golf tour. The name "LIV" refers to the Roman numerals for 54, the number of holes played at LIV events. The first LIV Golf Invitational Series event started on 9 June 2022, at the Centurion Club near St Albans in Hertfordshire, UK. The Invitational Series became the LIV Golf League in 2023.

LIV Golf is financed by the Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. Some journalists and commentators have said the tour is part of efforts by the Saudi monarchy, which has been criticized for its corruption and human rights abuses, to improve its public image through sports.

LIV Golf Adelaide was awarded the best golf event in the world from 2023–2025 at the World Golf Awards.
Hoeffding's lemma
In probability theory, Hoeffding's lemma is an inequality that bounds the moment-generating function of any bounded random variable, implying that such variables are subgaussian. It is named after the Finnish–American mathematical statistician Wassily Hoeffding.

The proof of Hoeffding's lemma uses Taylor's theorem and Jensen's inequality.  Hoeffding's lemma is itself used in the proof of Hoeffding's inequality as well as the generalization McDiarmid's inequality.

Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques that are commonly used in statistics include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory.
Westbury Hill Fair
The Westbury Hill Fair, or Westbury Hill Sheep Fair, was an annual fair which took place on the first Tuesday in September on high ground at Westbury, Wiltshire, England, near the north-western corner of Salisbury Plain. The main business was the sale of sheep. The fair was well-established by the mid 19th century and had come to an end by 1942.

Fair
A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. Fairs are typically temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks. Fairs showcase a wide range of goods, products, and services, and often include competitions, exhibitions, and educational activities. Fairs can be thematic, focusing on specific industries or interests.
Dompoase Senior High School
Dompoase Senior High School (also known as DOSS) is a mixed second cycle institution in Dompoase in the Adansi North District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Anglogold Ashanti provided books to the school, Akrofuom SHS, Asare Bediako SHS and others.

Adansi North District
Adansi North District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally it was created from parts of two former districts on 17 February 2004: Adansi West District and Adansi East District; thus the remaining parts had been absorbed into parts of Obuasi Municipal District and Adansi South District respectively. On 15 March 2018, the southeast part of the district was split off to create Adansi Asokwa District. The district is located in the southern part of Ashanti Region and has Fomena as its capital town.
Minuscule 713
Minuscule 713 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε351 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener labelled it as 561e.

Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener (29 September 1813 – 30 October 1891) was an English writer and scholar. Additionally, he was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter, and vicar of Hendon.
Tikhon Kiselyov
Tikhon Yakovlevich Kiselyov (Russian: Ти́хон Я́ковлевич Киселёв, Belarusian: Ціхан Якаўлевіч Кісялёў; 12 August (O.S.: 30 July), 1917 – 11 January 1983) was a Belarusian statesman in the Soviet Union, the leader (first secretary) of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, i.e., the de facto leader of the Byelorussian SSR (1980–1983).

Communist Party of Byelorussia
The Communist Party of Byelorussia (CPB; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Белоруссии, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Byelorussii; Belarusian: Камуністычная партыя Беларусі, romanized: Kamunistyčnaja partyja Bielarusi) was the ruling communist party of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1922, that existed from 1917 to 1993.
Cheryl Hanna
Cheryl Irene Hanna (born January 7, 1951) is an American artist and illustrator. Hanna was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, dropped out of the Pratt Institute before she resumed her study and received her B.A. from the Pratt Institute in 1973.

Hanna is a painter, children's book illustrator who is also known for her work in the medium of collage. Hanna's work has been exhibited at the Newark Museum and the National Museum of Women in the Arts. Hanna's 1987 book, "The Enchanted Hair Tale", in collaboration with author Alexis de Veaux was honored by the Coretta Scott King Award. She has also illustrated biographies of Phillis Wheatley, Selma Burke, and Mary Fields.

Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the institute is primarily known for its programs in architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and fine arts.
Nagako Nabeshima
Nagako Nabeshima (鍋島榮子) (1855–1941) was a feature of Japanese high society from the Meiji period to the early Shōwa era. Daughter of kuge Hirohashi Taneyasu, in April 1881 she married Nabeshima Naohiro, eleventh and final daimyō of the Saga Domain, in Italy, where he was performing official duties. Nagako served as secretary and chair of the Volunteer Nurses Association (篤志看護婦人会) of the Japanese Red Cross Society from 1887 to 1936 as well as president of the Oriental Women's Association (東洋婦人会).

Japanese Red Cross Society
The Japanese Red Cross Society (日本赤十字社, Nippon Sekijūjisha) is the Japanese affiliate of the International Red Cross.

The Imperial Family of Japan has traditionally supported the society, with the Empress as Honorary President and other imperial family members as vice presidents. Its headquarters is located in Tokyo, and local chapters are set up in all 47 prefectures. 9,610,000 individual and 120,000 corporate members belong to the society, which operates 92 Red Cross hospitals and 79 blood centers all over the country. The Japanese Red Cross Society conducts relief activities when major disasters take place. Large earthquakes that frequently occur in Japan (such as the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami) are an area of work for the society.
Model Products Corporation
Model Products Corporation, usually known by its acronym, MPC, is an American brand and former manufacturing company of plastic scale model kits and pre-assembled promotional models of cars that were popular in the 1960s and 1970s. MPC's main competition was model kits made by AMT, Jo-Han, Revell, and Monogram.

Traditionally a Michigan company, since 2011 the "MPC" brand name has been part of Round 2 of South Bend, Indiana (which was also acquired by Japanese company Tomy for $ 640 million.

Monogram
A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbols or logos. A series of uncombined initials is properly referred to as a cypher (e.g. a royal cypher) and is not a monogram.

Many of today's monograms are embroidered on items for the home like towels, bedding, robes etc.
SOCAR Star Oil Refinery
SOCAR Star Oil Refinery or SOCAR STAR Oil Refinery or Star Aegean is an oil refinery in Aliaga, western Turkey. It is operated by the State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan SOCAR, who holds 60% of the ownership. The remaining 40% being owned by the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The construction of the refinery started in 2011, cost around US$6-7 billion and became operational in October 2018.

The refinery has a capacity around 200,000 barrels per day. Climate Trace estimates it emitted over 3 million tonnes of the country’s greenhouse gas in 2023.

SOCAR
The State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Dövlət Neft Şirkəti, ARDNŞ), largely known by its abbreviation SOCAR, is a fully state-owned national oil and gas company headquartered in Baku, Azerbaijan. The company produces oil and natural gas from onshore and offshore fields in the Azerbaijani segment of the Caspian Sea. It operates the country's only oil refinery, one gas processing plant and runs several oil and gas export pipelines throughout the country. It owns fuel filling station networks under the SOCAR brand in Azerbaijan, Turkey, Georgia, Ukraine, Romania, Switzerland, and Austria.

SOCAR is a major source of income for the authoritarian regime in Azerbaijan. The company is run in an opaque manner, as it has complex webs of contracts and middlemen that have led to the enrichment of the country's ruling elites.
Hawkins Hill
Hawkins Hill is a mountain in the Central New York Region of New York. It is located in the Town of Hartwick, Otsego County, New York, east-northeast of Hartwick. As of 2012, the hill supported a communications tower that is part of Broome County, New York Public Safety Communications System.

Broome County, New York
Broome County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the county had a population of 198,683. Its county seat is Binghamton. The county was named for John Broome, the state's lieutenant governor when Broome County was created. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county is part of the Binghamton, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Binghamton University, one of four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Pead
Pead is an English surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Craig Pead (born 1981), English football player

Greg Pead, real name of Yahoo Serious

Isaiah Pead (born 1989), American football player

Jim Pead OBE (1924–2009), Australian politician

Rod Pead, editor of Christian Order

Craig Pead
Craig George Pead (born 15 September 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Walsall, Coventry City, Brentford and Notts County. He was capped by England at youth level and later became a coach.
Church of the Discovery of the Holy Cross, Vilnius
The Church of the Discovery of the Holy Cross (Lithuanian: Šv. Kryžiaus Atradimo bažnyčia) is a Roman Catholic church in Jeruzalė neighborhood of Vilnius, Lithuania. Located on the right bank of Neris River, it is the centerpiece of the Vilnius Calvary, a 35-station Way of the Cross.

Neris
The river Neris (pronunciationⓘ) or Vilija (Belarusian: Ві́лія, romanized: Vilija, Polish: Wilia) rises in northern Belarus. It flows westward, passing through Vilnius (Lithuania's capital) and in the south-centre of that country it flows into the Nemunas (Neman) from the right bank, at Kaunas, as its main tributary. Its length is 510 km (320 mi).

After passing through Belarus for 276 km (171 mi), the Neris flows through Lithuania for a further 235 km (146 mi).

The Neris connects successive Lithuanian capitals – Kernavė and Vilnius. Along its banks are the burial places of the pagan Lithuanians. At 25 km (16 mi) from Vilnius there is are old Karmazinai Hillfort and Karmazinai burial mound.
Michael Farrell (powerlifter)
Michael Farrell (born 2 October 1962) is an Australian Paralympic powerlifter.  He was born in the South Australian town of Elliston. He won a bronze medal at the 1988 Seoul Games in the Men's Up To 100 kg event. He finished eight in the Men's Over 100 kg at the 1996 Atlanta Games.

1988 Summer Paralympics
The 1988 Summer Paralympics (Korean: 1988년 하계 패럴림픽; RR: Cheon gubaek palsip-pal nyeon hagye paereollimpik) were the first Paralympics in 24 years to take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea. This was the first time the term "Paralympic" was used officially.
Northern Eastern Sudanic languages
The Northern Eastern Sudanic, Eastern k Sudanic, Ek Sudanic, NNT or Astaboran languages may form a primary division of the proposed Eastern Sudanic family. They are characterised by having a /k/ in the first person singular pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the Southern Eastern Sudanic languages, which have an /n/. Nyima has yet to be conclusively linked to the other languages, and would appear to be the closest relative of Ek Sudanic rather than Ek Sudanic proper.

The most well-known language of this group is Nubian. According to Claude Rilly, the ancient Meroitic language appears on limited evidence to be closely related to the languages of this group.

A reconstruction of Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic has also been proposed by Rilly (2010).

Meroitic language
The Meroitic language (/mɛroʊˈɪtɪk/) was a language of uncertain linguistic affiliation spoken in Meroë (in present-day Sudan) during the Meroitic period (attested from 300 BC) and became extinct about 400 AD. It was written in two forms of the Meroitic alphabet: Meroitic Cursive, which was written with a stylus and was used for general record-keeping; and Meroitic Hieroglyphic, which was carved in stone or used for royal or religious documents. It is poorly understood, owing to the scarcity of bilingual texts.
Dirk Van Tichelt
Dirk Van Tichelt (born 10 June 1984) is a Belgian judoka.

Van Tichelt's biggest achievement was his 2008 European title in Lisbon. At the same year, at the Beijing Olympics he came fifth after losing in the first round to gold-medallist Elnur Mammadli and later losing in the bronze medal match to Rasul Boqiev. At the 2009 World Championships, he reached the semi-finals but there he lost to Kim Chol-Su. In the bronze medal match he beat Sezer Huysuz to take his first bronze medal at a world championships. At the 2013 World Championships, he again won bronze, losing to eventual champion Shohei Ono in the semi-final and beating Dastan Ykybayev in his bronze medal match.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Van Tichelt won a bronze medal against Miklós Ungvári.

Van Tichelt studied at Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

2009 World Judo Championships
The 2009 World Judo Championships was held in the Ahoy indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, the Netherlands on 26 to 30 August.

Women's heavyweight champion Tong Wen was stripped of her gold medal because of a doping offence, but was later reinstated.
Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies
The Wolverine pendant of Les Eyzies is a bone pendant decorated with an engraved drawing of a wolverine, probably from  the cave of Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France. The pendant is from the late Magdalenian period and around 12,500 years old. It now forms part of the Christy Collection in the British Museum (Palart 102), where it is normally on display in Room 2.  Between 7 February - 26 May 2013 it was displayed in the exhibition at the British Museum Ice Age Art: Arrival of the Modern Mind

Pendant
A pendant is a loose-hanging piece of jewellery, generally attached by a small loop to a necklace, which may be known as a "pendant necklace". A pendant earring is an earring with a piece hanging down.  Its name stems from the Latin word pendere and Old French word pendr, both of which translate to "to hang down". In modern French, pendant is the gerund form of pendre ("to hang") and also means "during". The extent to which the design of a pendant can be incorporated into an overall necklace makes it not always accurate to treat them as separate items.

In some cases, though, the separation between necklace and pendant is far clearer.
Gironde estuary and Pertuis sea Marine Nature Park
The Gironde estuary and Pertuis sea Marine Nature Park is a protected area on the Gironde estuary and on the Atlantic coast of the departments Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde, in western France. It was created in April 2015.

Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁɑ̃t maʁitim] ⓘ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine; Occitan: Charanta Maritima) is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on the country's west coast. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2019, it had a population of 651,358 with an area of 6,864 square kilometres (2,650 sq mi).
Flash burn
Flash burn is any burn injury caused by intense flashes of light, high voltage electric current, or strong thermal radiation. These may originate from, for example, a sufficiently large BLEVE, a thermobaric weapon explosion or a nuclear blast of sufficient magnitude. Damage to the eye(s) caused by ultraviolet rays is known as photokeratitis.

Photokeratitis
Photokeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural (e.g. intense direct or reflected sunlight) or artificial (e.g. the electric arc during welding) sources. Photokeratitis is akin to a sunburn of the cornea and conjunctiva.

The injury may be prevented by wearing eye protection that blocks most of the ultraviolet radiation, such as welding goggles with the proper filters, a welder's helmet, sunglasses rated for sufficient UV protection, or appropriate snow goggles. The condition is usually managed by removal from the source of ultraviolet radiation, covering the corneas, and administration of pain relief. Photokeratitis is known by a number of different terms, including snow blindness, arc eye, welder's flash, sand eyes, bake eyes, corneal flash burns, flash burns, niphablepsia, or keratoconjunctivitis photoelectrica.