hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Donald Rayfield
Patrick Donald Rayfield OBE (born 12 February 1942) is an English academic and Emeritus Professor of Russian and Georgian at Queen Mary University of London. He is an author of books about Russian and Georgian literature, and about Joseph Stalin and his secret police. He is also a series editor for books about Russian writers and intelligentsia. He has translated Georgian, Russian and Uzbek poets and prose writers.

In March 2025, Donald Rayfield declined an award from the Writers' House of Georgia. Speaking at an event in London, he stated that he could not accept any gift associated with the Georgian Dream party.

Secret police
Secret police (or political police) are government agencies that operate as secret services engaging in covert operations against a government's political, ideological or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of police states governed by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.
Pont du Bonhomme
The Pont du Bonhomme is located in the Lorient region of France. It links the cities of Kervignac and Lanester across the Blavet river, replacing a ferry that had been in use since the 17th century. Its location at the entrance to the valley was chosen to allow sailing boats to continue providing services to the upstream commune of Hennebont.

The first structure is a cable-stayed truss-girder bridge, built between 1900 and 1904 by Ferdinand Arnodin. Damaged several times during World War II, it was restored after the conflict and put into operation until 1974. It was then demolished, with the exception of its two pillars, and replaced by a second structure by Jacques Mathivat, reusing the girder bridge technique.

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
Through Storms Ahead
Through Storms Ahead is the eighth studio album by American metalcore band As I Lay Dying, released on November 15, 2024, through Napalm Records. It is the band's only album to feature bassist and clean vocalist Ryan Neff, guitarist Ken Susi, and drummer Nick Pierce as well as the last to feature longtime guitarist Phil Sgrosso, as they would all depart from the band a month before its release. It is also the band's first album not to feature Nick Hipa, Josh Gilbert and Jordan Mancino since their departure from the band in the early 2020s.

Napalm Records
Napalm Records is an Austrian independent record label focused on heavy metal, hard rock and folk/folk rock/folk metal. Originally, Napalm focused on black metal bands, such as Abigor and Summoning, and folk metal bands, such as Falkenbach and Vintersorg. The label later expanded its roster by adding gothic metal, symphonic metal, power metal, doom metal, metalcore and nu metal bands, as well as stoner rock acts Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn and Brant Bjork, thrash metal bands Exodus, Destruction and Flotsam and Jetsam, and even folk bands like Ye Banished Privateers. Napalm has its own publishing house named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.

In November 2020, Napalm acquired the German record label SPV GmbH.
1915 Honduran general election
General elections were held in Honduras in October 1915. Francisco Bertrand of the National Party was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed. As the incumbent, Bertrand had been constitutionally barred from contesting the elections, but had avoided the rule by resigning in favour of his vice president Alberto Membreño three months before the election.

National Party of Honduras
The National Party of Honduras (PNH; Spanish: Partido Nacional de Honduras) is a conservative  political party in Honduras founded on 27 February 1902, by Manuel Bonilla Chirinos. Historically it has been one of the two most influential parties in the country. The party's platform is based on Christian humanist doctrine, and its five main principles are common wealth, dignity of the human person, equality, solidarity and subsidiarity.

Since the foundation of the National Party, Honduras has had 14 PNH presidents. Manuel Bonilla was the first (1903–1907), and the most recent is the president, Nasry Asfura, who has served since January 2026. The party was the ruling directive of the National Congress from 2009 to 2022 and currently holds mayoralties of most of the country's municipalities.
Lagona
Lagona Village is located close to the centre of Dahab in the South Sinai governorate of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. The nearby town of Dahab is an hour south from Sharm El Sheikh International Airport.

South Sinai Governorate
South Sinai (Arabic: محافظة جنوب سيناء Muḥāfaẓah Ganūb Sīnāʾ) is the least populated governorate of Egypt. It is located in the east of the country, encompassing the southern half of the Sinai Peninsula. Saint Catherine's Monastery, an Eastern Orthodox monastery and renowned UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in the central part of the governorate.
Rajendra Prasad Roy
Rajendra Prasad Roy (born 26 January 1962) is an Indian chemical biologist, biochemist and a dean at the Regional centre for biotechnology. Known for his studies in protein engineering, Roy has developed several chemo-enzymatic strategic processes for which he has a patent assigned to him. He holds a PhD from the Indian Institute of Science and is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies namely Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, and National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for him contributions to biosciences in 2005.
Currently he is the dean of Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
STK SSW (firearm)
The STK SSW is an experimental semi-automatic squad support weapon being manufactured by STK in Singapore. It is capable of firing 5.7mm rounds and four different caliber airbursting 40mm grenades. Within one of the bullets, there is a pocket full of 400 tungsten balls. When impacting on target, the pocket will burst resulting in a conical shape of damage similar to those of a shotgun. The platform consists of a fire-control system mounted on top. This is the master interface of the weapons firing systems, aiming, and more.

The SSW was planned as part of the Future Light Support Weapon program made by Sweden, its goal to replace the Mk19 and M203 grenade launchers at squad and platoon levels. Prototypes of the weapon have been made for display and testing, but as of 2017 it has not been put into service or made into a full-scale production project.

Air burst
An air burst or airburst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an anti-personnel artillery shell or a nuclear weapon in the air instead of on contact with the ground or target. The principal military advantage of an air burst over a ground burst is that the energy from the explosion, including any shell fragments, is distributed more evenly over a wider area; however, the peak energy is lower at ground zero.
Kayla Iacovino
Kayla Iacovino is an American volcanologist, noted for her widespread fieldwork and experimental petrology. She was the first woman to do her field work in North Korea. Originally from Arizona in the United States, she has worked in countries including Chile, North Korea, China, Costa Rica, Antarctica, Italy, Japan and Ethiopia.

Experimental petrology
Experimental petrology is the field of research concerned with experimentally determining the physical and chemical behavior of rocks and their constituents.  Because there is no way to directly observe or measure deep earth processes, geochemists rely on experimental petrology to establish quantitative values and relationships in order to construct models of the deep earth.  Experimental petrology can range from creating artificial magmas to measure crystallization behavior to observing recrystallization of minerals at varying pressure/temperature conditions.
Ton Buunk
Anton "Ton" Gerrit Jan Buunk (born 18 September 1952) is a retired Dutch water polo player. He competed in the 1972, 1976, 1980 and 1984 Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1976, placing sixth-seventh on other occasions. He was given the honour to carry the national flag of the Netherlands at the opening ceremony of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, becoming the 15th water polo player to be a flag bearer at the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics. On 14 December 1979 he married Vera Renema.

Olympic Games ceremony
The Olympic Games ceremonies are events held at the Olympic Games since their beginning in the ancient Olympics, including the opening, closing, and medal ceremonies. Their purpose is to introduce and conclude the competition, award the successful competitors, and often to celebrate the culture and history of the hosting country. The ceremonies are integral to the Games and symbolize the international cooperation fostered in the Olympic sporting events.
Trolley Dollies
Trolley Dollies is a 20-part TV documentary series aired on British digital network LIVING in 2005. It followed the lives of a number of cabin crew at UK charter airline Excel Airways.

During the series, Excel Airways crew travelled to various countries. The show followed their lives both in and out of work, both on the aircraft and downroute on stop-overs at exotic destinations such as Tobago, Goa and Africa. The series was produced by Granada Productions for LIVING. It was narrated by Brian Dowling. The storylines included the relationship between gay couple Den and David, crew member Sally searching for her ideal man, and Janine's cosmetic surgery.

The show was cancelled after one series but continues to be popular in re-runs on both LIVING and LIVING2.

Brian Dowling (presenter)
Brian Patrick Robert Dowling (born 13 June 1978) is an Irish television and radio presenter. He rose to fame after winning the second series of reality series Big Brother and went on to win Ultimate Big Brother in 2010. In 2007, he came third in Hell's Kitchen and in 2008, he was runner-up in the Irish reality television series Fáilte Towers. Dowling then guest-presented Live from Studio Five alongside Kate Walsh from 2010 until its cancellation in February 2011.

On 22 July 2011, it was confirmed that Dowling would become the new host of Big Brother upon its transfer to Channel 5, replacing Davina McCall. After Dowling had presented two editions of Big Brother and four editions of Celebrity Big Brother, Channel 5 confirmed in April 2013 that he was to be replaced by Emma Willis.
Boryty
Boryty [bɔˈrɨtɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sępopol, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Bartoszyce County
Bartoszyce County (Polish: powiat bartoszycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bartoszyce, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Górowo Iławeckie, 21 km (13 mi) west of Bartoszyce, Bisztynek, 22 km (14 mi) south of Bartoszyce, and Sępopol, 14 km (9 mi) east of Bartoszyce.

The county covers an area of 1,308.54 square kilometres (505.2 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 57,642, out of which the population of Bartoszyce is 23,482, that of Górowo Iławeckie is 3,951, that of Bisztynek is 2,370, that of Sępopol is 1,958, and the rural population is 25,881.
Devadiga
Devadiga (Sanskrit: देवाडिगः, romanized: Dēvāḍiga) also known as Moily, Sherigar is a Hindu community or caste. Devadigas were traditionally temple servants and musicians in Hindu temples. Devadigas are originally from the land stretching between Karwar in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka and Kasaragod district of Kerala and some parts of Maharashtra in west-coast of India up to the Chandragiri River and many people live in Shivamogga and Chikmagalur too. It is believed that their two divisions, namely Kannada Devadiga (Moily) and Tulu Devadiga (Moily); were endogamous in the past.

Chandragiri River
The Chandragiri River, also known as the Payaswini River in Karnataka and as the Perumpuzha in Kerala, is the longest river in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India.
The river is a historical treasure of Chemnad. It was named after the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya.

The river originates in the Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary in the Western Ghats of Kodagu district, Karnataka. It flows through towns including Sullia, Jalsoor, Parappa, Adoor, Chengala, Kasaragod and Chemnad and discharges into the Arabian Sea. 
In Sullia taluk, it is the major water source for domestic and agricultural purposes.
Chemnad is considered as the Land Of Chandragiri.
Ptahhotep Desher
Ptahhotep Desher (fl. c. 2415 BC) was an Ancient Egyptian official at the end of the Fifth Dynasty, most likely in office under kings Menkauhor Kaiu and/or Djedkare Isesi. His main function was that of a vizier. This was the most important office in Ancient Egypt, second only to the king. Ptahhotep also held other titles, such as overseer of the six great houses, overseer of the scribes of the royal documents and overseer of all royal works. These are all important functions, often held by a vizier.

Ptahhotep Desher is mainly known from is mastaba (C6) at Saqqara. The mastaba was built in one unit with the mastaba of another vizier, who was also called Ptahhotep. They were perhaps brothers. In both mastabas were not found any inscriptions providing a clue for a dating. On observations on the style of the architecture it had been argued that they date to the reign of Menkauhor and Djedkare Isesi.

Vizier (Ancient Egypt)
The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt to serve the pharaoh (king) during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian tjati, tjaty etc., among Egyptologists. The Instruction of Rekhmire (Installation of the Vizier), a New Kingdom text, defines many of the duties of the tjaty, and lays down codes of behavior. The viziers were often appointed by the pharaoh. During the 4th Dynasty and early 5th Dynasty, viziers were exclusively drawn from the royal family; from the period around the reign of Neferirkare Kakai onwards, they were chosen according to loyalty and talent or inherited the position from their fathers.
Bernard Sinclair
Bernard Sinclair (1937 – 27 November 2015) was a French singer (baritone) particularly associated with the repertoire of the opéra comique and operetta, but also opera. He is also an actor, playwright and director. He died in the 10th arrondissement of Paris.

Le Cid
Le Cid is a five-act French tragicomedy written by Pierre Corneille, first performed in December 1636 at the Théâtre du Marais in Paris and published the same year. It is based on Guillén de Castro's play Las Mocedades del Cid. Castro's play in turn is based on the legend of El Cid.

An enormous popular success, Corneille's Le Cid was the subject of a heated polemic over the norms of dramatic practice known as the Querelle du Cid (Quarrel of The Cid). Cardinal Richelieu's Académie française acknowledged the play's success, but determined that it was defective, in part because it did not respect the classical unities.

Today, Le Cid is widely regarded as Corneille's finest work, and is considered one of the greatest plays of the seventeenth century.
Alexander Shafranovich
Alexander Shafranovich (Hebrew: אלכס שפרנוביץ'; born (1983-04-02)2 April 1983) is an Israeli volleyball retired player and current coach. He was member of the Israel men's national volleyball team for 20 years. He was one of the key players that contributed to 2 Greek Championships and 3 Cups for PAOK.

Israel men's national volleyball team
The Israel men's national volleyball team represents Israel in international men's volleyball competitions and friendly matches. It is governed by the Israel Volleyball Association. Just like in other sports, even though Israel is geographically located in Asia, it competes in European competitions (CEV) due to the Arab boycott in the 1970s.
Stone House, Nevada
Stone House is a ghost town in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States.

A. Woodward, one of the signers of the 1851 "Washoe Code" that dealt with early land claims, was killed near this location in the autumn of 1851.  Woodward had partnered with George Chorpenning on a monthly mail contract.  Woodward was killed while fulfilling that contract.

A post office was located in Stone House from 26 November 1890 to 24 March 1915, when it was moved to Valmy, Nevada.

Note that there are at least two other locations named Stone House in Nevada.  One in Nye County and another located in the Osgood Mountains of Humboldt County.  In addition, there is Stonehouse located in White Pine County and Stonehouse Canyon, located near Farrell, Nevada in Pershing County.

Pershing County, Nevada
Pershing County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,650. Its county seat is Lovelock. The county is listed as Nevada Historical Marker 17. The marker is at the courthouse in Lovelock.

The Black Rock Desert, location for the annual Burning Man event, is partially in the county.
Nollywood
Nollywood, a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood, is a sobriquet that originally referred to the Nigerian film industry. The origin of the term goes back to the early 2000s, traced to an article in The New York Times. Due to the history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition for the term, which has made it a subject of several controversies.

Tunde Kelani
Tunde Kelani listenⓘ(born February 26, 1946), popularly known as TK, is a Nigerian filmmaker. In a career spanning more than four decades, TK specialises in producing movies that promote Nigeria's cultural heritage, particularly that of the Yoruba. He is also known for his screen adaptions of Nigerian novels and plays. These include Koseegbe, O le ku, Thunder Bolt: Magun, The Narrow Path, White Handkerchief, Maami and Dazzling Mirage.
Nambulapulakunta
Nambulapulakunta is a village in Sri Sathya Sai district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Nambulapulakunta mandal in Kadiri revenue division. According to the Geological Survey of India, pyrophyllite and radiating crystals of chloritoid are located in the ridges to the north of Nambulapulakunta.

Chloritoid
Chloritoid is a silicate mineral of metamorphic origin. It is an iron magnesium manganese alumino-silicate hydroxide with formula (Fe, Mg, Mn)2Al4Si2O10(OH)4. It occurs as greenish grey to black platy micaceous crystals and foliated masses. Its Mohs hardness is 6.5, unusually high for a platy mineral, and it has a specific gravity of 3.52 to 3.57. It typically occurs in phyllites, schists and marbles.

Both monoclinic and triclinic polytypes exist and both are pseudohexagonal.

It was first described in 1837 from localities in the Ural Mountains region of Russia. It was named for its similarity to the chlorite group of minerals.
Lao Gan Ma
Lao Gan Ma (Chinese: 老干妈; also called Laoganma) or Old Godmother is a brand of chili sauces made in China. The product is sold in China and over 30 other countries. Lao Gan Ma is credited with popularizing Chinese chili oil and chili crisp toppings in the Western world, and have inspired many Chinese-American chili-based toppings.

American Chinese cuisine
American Chinese cuisine, also known as Sino–American cuisine and often referred to in American English as simply Chinese food, is a style of Chinese cuisine developed by Chinese Americans. The dishes served in North American Chinese restaurants are modified to suit customers' tastes and are often quite different from styles common in China. By the late 20th century, it was recognized as one of the many regional styles of Chinese cuisine.
Jimmy Means
James Means (born May 29, 1950) is an American former racing driver and owner, who competed in the Winston Cup Series as an owner-driver. He is currently an adviser for Front Row Motorsports and a former owner of NASCAR Xfinity Series team Jimmy Means Racing.

He competed in NASCAR for eighteen years in mostly his own equipment, posting seventeen career top-tens. He made three career Busch Series starts in 1989, finishing 10th at Darlington Raceway. Following his retirement, Means worked as a crew chief in NASCAR, working for Bud Moore Engineering and Moy Racing. Means was part the Alabama Gang which included Bobby Allison, Donnie Allison, Neil Bonnett and Red Farmer and later Davey Allison, Hut Stricklin, Steve Grissom and Mike Alexander.

Means' nickname "Smut" originated from his admiration for mechanic Smokey Yunick. Since the nickname "Smokey" was already taken in racing circles, Means' crew nicknamed him "Smut", the residue left behind by smoke.

He is the father of Brad Means.

Bud Moore Engineering
Bud Moore Engineering, later Fenley-Moore Racing, was a championship-winning NASCAR team. It was owned and operated by mechanic Bud Moore and ran out of Spartanburg, South Carolina. While the team was a dominant force in the 1960s and 1980s, the final years were tumultuous due to lack of sponsorship and uncompetitive race cars. The team's numbers are 01, 06, 08, 1, 8, 15, 16, and 62.