hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Universe Today
Universe Today (U.T.) is a North American-based non-commercial space and astronomy news website founded by Fraser Cain. The domain was registered on December 30, 1998, and the website went live in March 1999. Universe Today assumed its current form on July 24, 2003, featuring astronomy news and other space-related content.

In early September 2005, the website’s forum section merged with Bad Astronomy to create a combined site with the BAUT forum. During April 2011, the Association of British Science Writers noted that Universe Today decided not to make preparations for reporting on embargoed stories until they are public knowledge.

Emily Lakdawalla said that she relies on Universe Today and Bad Astronomy to "give ... an independent look at big news stories".

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
AerSale
AerSale, Inc. is a Doral, Florida-based global supplier of aftermarket commercial jet aircraft, engines, used materials, and aeronautical engineering services to passenger and cargo airlines, government, multinational original equipment manufacturers, and independent MROs. AerSale is a member of the Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association.

Cargo airline
Cargo airlines (or air freight carriers, and derivatives of these names) are airlines mainly dedicated to the transport of cargo by air. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines.
In 2018, airline cargo traffic represented 262,333 million tonne-kilometres with a 49.3% load factor: 52.1% for dedicated cargo operations, and 47.9% within mixed operations (belly freight of passenger airliners).

Dedicated cargo airlines such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, operate a fleet of cargo aircraft and handle the entire freight transportation process. Many airlines, like Emirates and Qatar Airways, have dedicated cargo divisions that operate their own fleet of cargo aircraft alongside their passenger operations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, airlines like American Airlines, Air Canada, and Delta Air Lines utilized their passenger planes, removing seats to create space for cargo, to meet the demand for freight transport.
Impact gardening
Impact gardening is the process by which impact events stir the outermost crusts of moons and other celestial objects with no atmospheres. In the particular case of the Moon, this is more often known as lunar gardening.  Planetary bodies lacking an atmosphere will generally also lack any erosional processes, with the possible exception of volcanism, and as a result impact debris accumulates at the object's surface as a rough "soil," commonly referred to as regolith. Subsequent impacts, especially by micrometeorites, stir and mix this soil. It had long been estimated that the top centimeter of the lunar surface is overturned every 10 million years. However, a 2016 analysis by the LRO satellite of impact ejecta coverage puts the figure closer to 80,000 years.

Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon. It is caused by the presence of a heat source, usually internally generated, inside the body; the heat is generated by various processes, such as radioactive decay or tidal heating. This heat partially melts solid material in the body or turns material into gas. The mobilized material rises through the body's interior and may break through the solid surface.
Sitkowizna
Sitkowizna [ɕitkɔˈvizna] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

According to the 1921 census, the village had a population of 71, entirely Polish by nationality and Roman Catholic by confession.

1921 Polish census
The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921, by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
John Ferguson (rugby league)
John "Chicka" Ferguson (born 15 July 1954) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. An Australian international and New South Wales State of Origin representative winger, in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership for the Newtown Jets, Eastern Suburbs Roosters and finally the Canberra Raiders, with whom he won the 1989 and 1990 NSWRL premierships. A prolific try-scorer, who topped the NSWRL's scoring list in 1988, Ferguson also played in England with Wigan, helping them to victory in the 1985 Challenge Cup Final. He has since been named in Australia's indigenous team of the century (1908–2008).

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.
Transnational cinema
Transnational cinema is a developing concept within film studies that encompasses a range of theories relating to the effects of globalization upon the cultural and economic aspects of film. It incorporates the debates and influences of postnationalism, postcolonialism, consumerism and Third cinema, amongst many other topics.

Joshua Oppenheimer
Joshua Lincoln Oppenheimer (born September 23, 1974) is an American and British film director based in Copenhagen, Denmark. He directed the Oscar-nominated films The Act of Killing (2012) and The Look of Silence (2014), as well as his 2024 narrative debut, The End. Oppenheimer was a 1997 Marshall Scholar and a 2014 recipient of the MacArthur fellowship.
Dimbal Habe
Dimbal Habe (Jùmbâ:, Jùmbá)is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Bankass in the Mopti Region of Mali. Tomo kan is spoken in Dimbal, and the local village surname is Tessougue.

In 1998 the commune had a population of 11,306.

Western Plains Dogon
The Dogon dialects of the western plains below the Bandiagara Escarpment in Mali are mutually intelligible. They are sometimes called the Kan Dogon because they use the word kan (also spelled kã) for varieties of speech. The dialects are:

Tomo kã

Teŋu kã

Togo kã

The latter two are traditionally subsumed under the name Tene kã (Tene Kan, Tene Tingi), but Hochstetler separates them because the three varieties are about equidistant.

There are a quarter million speakers of these dialects, about evenly split between Tomo Kan and Tene Kan, making this the most populous of the Dogon languages. There are a few Tomo-speaking villages just across the border in Burkina Faso.
Simply connected space
In topology, a topological space is called simply connected (or 1-connected, or 1-simply connected) if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed into any other such path while preserving the two endpoints in question. Intuitively, this corresponds to a space that has no disjoint parts and no holes that go completely through it, because two paths going around different sides of such a hole cannot be continuously transformed into each other. The fundamental group of a topological space is an indicator of the failure for the space to be simply connected: a path-connected topological space is simply connected if and only if its fundamental group is trivial.

Path (topology)
In mathematics, a path in a topological space  is a continuous function from a closed interval into

Paths play an important role in the fields of topology and mathematical analysis. 
For example, a topological space for which there exists a path connecting any two points is said to be path-connected. Any space may be broken up into path-connected components. The set of path-connected components of a space  is often denoted

One can also define paths and loops in pointed spaces, which are important in homotopy theory. If  is a topological space with basepoint  then a path in  is one whose initial point is . Likewise, a loop in  is one that is based at .
Strakonický Dudák
Strakonický Dudák is a brand of the Czech Republic's brewery Pivovar Strakonice 1649, a.s. Together with Nektar, it is distributed in the Strakonice District region. The name refers to the fictional bagpipe player who lived in the region, known from Josef Kajetán Tyl's play The Bagpiper of Strakonice.

Bagpipes
The bagpipe is a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipe is well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, North Africa, West Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.

The term bagpipes is also used, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as "the pipes", "a set of pipes" or "a stand of pipes".

Bagpipes are part of the aerophone group because to play the instrument,  air must be blown into it to produce a sound.
Fraunhofer FDK AAC
Fraunhofer FDK AAC is an open-source library for encoding and decoding digital audio in the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format. Fraunhofer IIS developed this library for Android 4.1. It supports several Audio Object Types including MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 AAC LC, HE-AAC (AAC LC + SBR), HE-AACv2 (LC + SBR + PS) as well AAC-LD (low delay) and AAC-ELD (enhanced low delay) for real-time communication. The encoding library supports sample rates up to 96 kHz and up to eight channels (7.1 surround).

Parametric stereo
Parametric stereo (abbreviated as PS) is an audio compression algorithm used as an audio coding format for digital audio. It is considered an Audio Object Type of MPEG-4 Part 3 (MPEG-4 Audio) that serves to enhance the coding efficiency of low-bandwidth stereo audio media. Parametric Stereo digitally codes a stereo audio signal by storing the audio as monaural alongside a small amount of extra information. This extra information (defined as "parametric overhead") describes how the monaural signal will behave across both stereo channels, which allows for the signal to exist in true stereo upon playback.
Shore Road, Belfast
The Shore Road is a major arterial route and area of housing and commerce that runs through north Belfast and Newtownabbey in Northern Ireland. It forms part of the A2 road, a traffic route which links Belfast to the County Antrim coast.

Belfast–Larne line
The Belfast–Larne line, or Larne Line, is a railway line in Northern Ireland, operated by Northern Ireland Railways. It runs as double track along the majority of its route north along the scenic east Antrim coastline from Belfast to the coastal seaport town of Larne, serving commuters and ferry passengers.
Morten Nielsen (footballer, born 1990)
Morten Nielsen (born 28 February 1990) is a Danish footballer who plays as a forward.

Nielsen has played in England, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Ireland. He made over 20 appearances for Denmark at youth level.

Landskrona BoIS
Landskrona Boll och Idrottsällskap (English: Landskrona Ball and Sports Society, locally referred to as BoIS) is a Swedish professional football club located in Landskrona, Scania, which currently plays in Superettan, the second league tier of football in Sweden. The club was formed on 7 February 1915 through the merger of two Landskrona clubs, IFK Landskrona and Landskrona BK (earlier known as Diana BK).

Landskrona BoIS was one of the twelve teams participating in the inaugural Allsvenskan season in 1924–25. Since then, they have participated in 34 seasons in Allsvenskan and 54 seasons in the second highest division. Landskrona BoIS has won four medals in Allsvenskan, little silver in 1937–38 and bronze in 1938–39, 1975 and 1976, as well as one national cup title, in 1971–72.

The club also played ice hockey during the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Kumul Khanate
The Kumul Khanate was a semi-autonomous feudal Turco-Mongol khanate (equivalent to a banner in Mongolia) within the Qing dynasty and then the Republic of China until it was abolished by Xinjiang governor Jin Shuren in 1930. The khanate was located in present-day Hami prefecture of Xinjiang.

Jin Shuren
Jin Shuren (traditional Chinese: 金樹仁; simplified Chinese: 金树仁; pinyin: Jīn Shùrén; Wade–Giles: Chin Shu-jen; c. 1883–1941) was a Chinese warlord of the Xinjiang clique who served as Governor of Xinjiang between 1928 and 1933.
Brownie Carslake
Bernard "Brownie" Carslake (14 July 1886 - 29 July 1941) was an Australian-born, but mainly England-based, flat racing jockey, who in a career of over three decades won every British Classic except the Derby, as well as becoming champion jockey of Austria-Hungary and Russia. He was ranked 12th in the Racing Post jockeys of the 20th Century.

Scottish Union
Scottish Union (1935–1954) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and stallion best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1938. He was one of the highest-rated British two-year-olds in 1937, when his wins included the Middle Park Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse. In the following year he ran prominently in all three legs of the Triple Crown, finishing second in the 2000 Guineas and The Derby before his win in the Leger. As a four-year-old he won the Coronation Cup but appeared beaten for stamina in the Ascot Gold Cup before being retired to stud where his record was moderate. He died at the age of nineteen in 1954.
St Mary's Town and Country School
St. Mary's Town and Country School was an independent, non-denominational, co-educational progressive day and boarding school, founded in Belsize Park, London in 1937.  It closed at the end of 1982.

The school was owned and run by Mrs Elisabeth Paul PhD (née Selver), assisted by her husband Henry Paul, Elisabeth Paul's father David was a former rabbi in Darmstadt, Heinz Paul was a German Protestant. Both emigrated in 1936 from Berlin to London where in 1937 they bought the school, originally called St. Mary's School, at 1 Belsize Avenue.  The school curriculum was biased toward the learning of languages and the arts from an early age, and the pupils, aged 4 to 18 years, were primarily the children of artists, musicians, writers, film producers and actors.

Belsize Park
Belsize Park is a residential area of Hampstead in the London Borough of Camden, in the inner north-west of London, England.

The streets are lined with Georgian and Victorian villas and mews houses. Some nearby localities are Hampstead village to the north and west, Camden Town to the south-east and Primrose Hill to the south.
There are restaurants, pubs, cafés, and independent boutiques in Belsize Village, and on Haverstock Hill and England's Lane. Hampstead Heath is close by, and Primrose Hill park is a five-minute walk from England's Lane.

Belsize Park is in the Hampstead and Highgate constituency whose present MP is Tulip Siddiq.
Abbas Sheibani
Abbas Sheibani (Persian: عباس شیبانی; 12 November 1931 – 22 December 2022) was an Iranian physician, university professor and conservative and principlist politician. He was a founding member of Freedom Movement of Iran and member of City Council of Tehran. He also served as a member in both Parliament House and Assembly of Experts for Constitution. He was also Minister of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980 and President of University of Tehran from 1983 to 1984. He was also a candidate for the presidential elections in July 1981 and in 1989, finishing second in both of them.

Sheibani died on 22 December 2022, at the age of 91.

Islamic City Council of Tehran
The Islamic City Council of Tehran (Persian: شورای اسلامی شهر تهران) is the directly elected council that presides over the city of Tehran, elects the mayor of Tehran in a mayor–council government system, and budgets of the Municipality of Tehran.

The council is composed of twenty-one members elected on a plurality-at-large voting basis for four-year terms. The chairman and the deputy chairman of the council are chosen by the council at the first regular meeting in odd-numbered years.

It holds regular meetings on Sunday, Tuesday and Wednesday at 10 am (except on holidays or if decided by special resolution not to meet).
Jay Maynard
Jay Maynard (born July 27, 1960) is an American computer programmer, system administrator and the volunteer project maintainer for Hercules, a free emulator of IBM mainframe hardware. He is known for his self-made electroluminescent costume based on the film Tron, which resulted in his nickname Tron Guy.

IBM mainframe
IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952. During the 1960s and 1970s, IBM dominated the computer market with the 7000 series and the later System/360, followed by the System/370. Current mainframe computers in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the System/360.
KCMS
KCMS (105.3 FM, "Spirit 105-3") is a radio station licensed to Edmonds, Washington, serving the Seattle market and broadcasting a Christian adult contemporary music format.

The station broadcasts at 105.3 MHz from Seattle (with a transmitter on Cougar Mountain in Issaquah), and includes a translator broadcasting on 92.1 MHz (K221BG) in Aberdeen, Washington. It is owned and operated by Crista Ministries. Studios are located in the Seattle suburb of Shoreline.

KCMS broadcasts in HD Radio.

KCMS (HD) is a simulcast of "Spirit 105-3" on HD 1.

KCIS 630 AM is simulcast in HD on HD 2.

The station is ranked 18th in the Seattle-Tacoma Arbitron PPM ratings data for August 2018 with 2.5 percent of the market share.

Shoreline, Washington
Shoreline is a city in King County, Washington, United States. It is located between the city limits of Seattle and the Snohomish County border, approximately 9 miles (14 km) north of Downtown Seattle. As of the 2020 census, the population of Shoreline was 58,608, making it the 22nd largest city in the state. Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Shoreline ranks 91st of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked.
Cyclotella
Cyclotella is a genus of diatoms often found in oligotrophic environments, both marine and fresh water. It is in the family Stephanodiscaceae and the order Thalassiosirales. The genus was first discovered in the mid-1800s and since then has become an umbrella genus for over 100 different species, the most well-studied and the best known being Cyclotella meneghiniana. Despite being among the most dominant genera in low-productivity environments, it is relatively understudied.

Cyclotella's habitat has traditionally been described as low-productivity mesotrophic or oligotrophic freshwater environments. However, it is unclear whether there is an archetypal aquatic setting for this genus as some species are more cosmopolitan, such as C. meneghiniana, which occurs in warm, nutrient-rich environments as well as low-productivity environments.

Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (/ˈɡɒldʒi/), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus was identified in 1898 by the Italian biologist and pathologist Camillo Golgi. The organelle was later named after him in the 1910s.
Preston Grasshoppers R.F.C.
Preston Grasshoppers Rugby Football Club is an English rugby union team from Preston, Lancashire. The men's senior team play in the RFU National League 2 North, a level 4 league in the RFU league pyramid.

Lancashire Cup (rugby union)
The Lancashire Cup was an English Rugby Football Union competition founded in 1971.  It was organized by the Lancashire Rugby Football Union and was open to all eligible clubs in the Lancashire region including a number of clubs in Cheshire and Merseyside.  The men's competition was discontinued at the end of 2013 as there were not enough teams willing to participate in the cup (partly due to the increased demands of league rugby).
2018 Swedish Open (table tennis)
The 2018 Swedish Open was the eleventh event of the 2018 ITTF World Tour. The event was organised by the Swedish Table Tennis Association, under the authority of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). It took place from 1–4 November in Stockholm, Sweden.

Wang Manyu
Wang Manyu (Chinese: 王曼昱; pinyin: Wáng Mànyù, born 9 February 1999) is a Chinese table tennis player. She won women's singles titles at the World Championships, Asian Games, and Asian Championships. Wang also won Olympics gold medals as a member of Chinese women's team in 2021 and 2024.
2019 Music City 200
The 2019 Music City 200 was the fifth stock car race of the 2019 ARCA Menards Series season, and the 5th iteration of the event. The race was originally scheduled to be held on Saturday, May 4, 2019, but was postponed until Sunday, May 5, due to constant rain showers. The race was held in Nashville, Tennessee, at Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway, a 0.596 mile (0.959 km) permanent oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. Christian Eckes, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would put on a blistering performance, leading a race-high 120 laps and earning his fourth career ARCA Menards Series win, and his first of the season. To fill out the podium, Ty Gibbs, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, and Chandler Smith, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

2019 ARCA Menards Series
The 2019 ARCA Menards Series was the 67th season of the ARCA Menards Series. Christian Eckes of Venturini Motorsports won the championship over teammate Michael Self. Eckes became the first champion since Tim Steele in 1997 to win the title after missing a race during the season.

On February 9, 2019, hours before the season-opening Lucas Oil 200, ARCA announced that the series would be renamed to the ARCA Menards Series for at least 2019 and 2020. Menards had previously been a presenting sponsor for ARCA.