hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deaths in April 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2017.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling
Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling-Explosion (FMW-E) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded on July 28, 1989, by Atsushi Onita as Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (フロンティア・マーシャルアーツ・レスリング, Furontia Māsharuātsu Resuringu) (FMW). The promotion specializes in hardcore wrestling involving weapons such as barbed wire and fire. They held their first show on October 6, 1989. In the late 1990s, FMW had a brief working agreement with Extreme Championship Wrestling, and as well had 14 DVDs released in the U.S. by Tokyopop. On March 4, 2015, FMW was resurrected under the name Chō Sentō Puroresu FMW (超戦闘プロレスFMW). With the resurrected FMW not holding any events since 2018, Onita announced in 2021 that he would be starting Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling-Explosion (FMW-E) in which the promotion would specialize in exploding death matches.

The promotion was highlighted in the third season of the Vice TV's pro wrestling docuseries Dark Side of the Ring in September 2021.
W. F. Alan Stewart
Walter Fitz-Alan Stewart (July 11, 1885 – February 9, 1956) was a farmer, fox rancher and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1928 to 1931 and from 1935 to 1957 as a Liberal.

He was born in Strathgartney, Prince Edward Island, the son of Robert Bruce Stewart and Anne Warburton, and was educated at the Ontario Agricultural College. In 1933, he married Marian, the daughter of Walter Lea. Stewart was speaker in 1931 and again from 1940 to 1944. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1931. Stewart served in the province's Executive Council as Minister of Agriculture in 1944 and as Minister of Welfare and Labour from 1956 to 1957. He died in office at the age of 70.

Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
The Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (French: Assemblée législative de l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard) together with the lieutenant governor of Prince Edward Island form the General Assembly of Prince Edward Island. The Legislative Assembly meets at Province House, which is at the intersection of Richmond and Great George Streets in Charlottetown. Bills passed by the Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.
Skrzeszew, Sokołów County
Skrzeszew [ˈskʂɛʂɛf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Repki, within Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. The village lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Repki, 19 km (12 mi) east of Sokołów Podlaski, and 106 km (66 mi) east of Warsaw.

Sokołów Podlaski
Sokołów Podlaski [sɔˈkɔwuf pɔˈdlaskʲi] is a town in Poland, in Masovian Voivodeship, about 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of Warsaw. The town lies on the Cetynia river, in the historical region of Podlachia and is the capital of Sokołów County. The first settlement was in the 6th century and the town received its charter in 1424. The population in 2004 was 18,434 (18,481 in 2010 and 18,720 in 2013).
Preference relation
The term preference relation is used to refer to orderings that describe human preferences for one thing over an other.

In mathematics, preferences may be modeled as a weak ordering or a semiorder, two different types of binary relation. One specific variation of weak ordering, a total preorder (= a connected, reflexive and transitive relation), is also sometimes called a preference relation.

In computer science, machine learning algorithms are used to infer preferences, and the binary representation of the output of a preference learning algorithm is called a preference relation, regardless of whether it fits the weak ordering or semiorder mathematical models.

Preference relations are also widely used in economics; see preference (economics).

Preference
In psychology, economics and philosophy, preference is a technical term usually used in relation to choosing between alternatives. For example, someone prefers A over B if they would rather choose A than B. Preferences are central to decision theory because of this relation to behavior. Some methods such as Ordinal Priority Approach use preference relation for decision-making. As connative states, they are closely related to desires. The difference between the two is that desires are directed at one object while preferences concern a comparison between two alternatives, of which one is preferred to the other.

In insolvency, the term is used to determine which outstanding obligation the insolvent party has to settle first.
Kosmos 2425
Kosmos 2425 (Russian: Космос 2425 meaning Cosmos 2425) is one of a set of three Russian military satellites launched in 2006 as part of the GLONASS satellite navigation system. It was launched with Kosmos 2424 and Kosmos 2426.

This satellite is a GLONASS-M satellite, also known as Uragan-M. It was assigned GLONASS-M №16 number by the manufacturer and 716 by the Ground Control.

Kosmos 2424 / 2425 / 2426 were launched from Site 81/24 at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. A Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok DM upper stage was used to perform the launch which took place at 20:18 UTC on 25 December 2006. The launch successfully placed the satellites into Medium Earth orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the International Designator 2006-062A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 29670.

It is in the second orbital plane in orbital slot 15. It started operations on 12 October 2007.·

International Designator
The International Designator is an international identifier assigned to artificial objects in space. It consists of the launch year, a three-digit incrementing launch number of that year and up to a three-letter code representing the sequential identifier of a piece in a launch. In TLE format the first two digits of the year and the dash are dropped.
For example, 1990-037A is the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-31, which carried the Hubble Space Telescope (1990-037B) into space. This launch was the 37th known successful launch worldwide in 1990.
Peqinaj
Peqinaj (Albanian definite form: Peqinaji, also Bardhor) is a village situated in the central plains of Albania's Western Lowlands region. It is part of Tirana County. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Kavajë.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
The Gunslinger Part II: Fist Full of Dollars
The Gunslinger Part II: Fist Full Of Dollars is the second mixtape album by American rapper and record producer B-Real. It was released on April 11, 2006, serving as a sequel to his 2005's The Gunslinger. The mixtape features guest appearances from Willie Malo, Son Doobie, Everlast, O Brown, Trace Midas, Alchemist, Chace Infinite, Crow, Defari, Krondon, Outthere, Proof, Sen Dog, Sick Jacken, XL and Xzibit.

It also served as a prequel to B-Real's third and final mixtape in his 'The Gunslinger' series, The Gunslinger Part III: For a Few Dollars More, which was released in 2007. The subtitle to the album refers to Sergio Leone's 1964 film A Fistful of Dollars.

Psycho Realm
The Psycho Realm is a Mexican-American hip hop group started in 1989 by the brothers Sick Jacken and Big Duke both born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico raised in the Downtown neighborhood of Pico-Union area of Los Angeles.
2024 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup
The 2024 Fanatec GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup was the twelfth season of the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup following on from the demise of the SRO Motorsports Group's FIA GT1 World Championship (an auto racing series for grand tourer cars), the fourth with the sponsorship of Fanatec.

The season began on 4 May at Brands Hatch, and ended on 13 October at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group
The  Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group, (COMUKCSG)  is a senior British Royal Navy appointment which commands the UK Carrier Strike Group. COMUKCSG, a Commodore, commands a total of 65 personnel, and is headquartered at HMNB Portsmouth.

Commodore (Royal Navy)
Commodore (Cdre) is a rank of the Royal Navy above captain and below rear admiral. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6.  The rank is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and the Royal Marines and to air commodore in the Royal Air Force. Commodore has been a substantive rank in the Royal Navy since only 1997. Until then the term denoted a functional position rather than a formal rank, being the title bestowed on the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels comprising an independent (usually ad hoc and short-term) command. (In this case, for instance, a lieutenant in substantive rank could be a commodore for the term of the command.)
Cults of Unreason
Cults of Unreason is a non-fiction book on atypical belief systems, written by Christopher Riche Evans, who was a noted computer scientist and an experimental psychologist.  It was first published in the UK in 1973 by Harrap and in the United States in 1974 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, in paperback in 1975, by Delacorte Press, and in German, by Rowohlt, in 1976.

Evans discusses Scientology and Dianetics, UFO religions, believers in Atlantis, biofeedback, Yoga, Eastern religions, and black boxes.  He points out that these systems and groups incorporate technological advances within a theological framework, and that part of their appeal is due to the failure of modern people to find strength, comfort, and community in traditional religion and in science.

In 2001, new religious movement specialist George Chryssides criticized the book's title by pointing out that most groups referred to as cults do have well-defined beliefs.

Black box
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human brain, or an institution or government.

To analyze an open system with a typical "black box approach", only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the (unknown) box. The usual representation of this "black box system" is a data flow diagram centered in the box.

The opposite of a black box is a system where the inner components or logic are available for inspection, which is most commonly referred to as a white box (sometimes also known as a "clear box" or a "glass box").
Astwood (surname)
Astwood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cynthia Astwood (born 1946), British diplomat

Edwin Astwood (born 1973), Turks and Caicos Islands politician

Edwin B. Astwood (1909–1976), Bermudian-American physiologist and endocrinologist

Glenn Astwood, (born 1954), Bermudian sailor

Jeffrey Carlton Astwood (1907−1997), Bermudian politician

Jeffrey Christopher Astwood (born 1933), Bermudian politician

Norma Cox Astwood, Bermudian psychologist

Stephen Astwood (born 1981), Bermudian football player

William Marischal Astwood, Bermudian politician

Edwin B. Astwood
Edwin Bennett Astwood (December 19, 1909 – February 17, 1976) was a Bermudian physiologist and endocrinologist: his research on endocrine system led to treatments for hyperthyroidism, first published in 1943 in what has subsequently been called a "landmark" paper. In 1949 he showed that methimazole was superior to alternative therapies for Graves' disease and this became a standard treatment for the condition.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949. In 1948, he was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. He died of cancer on February 17, 1976, in Hamilton, Bermuda.
Akçay Dam
Akçay Dam in Turkey impounds the Akçay River, a tributary of Sakarya River.

It is situated in Gölpazarı ilçe (district) of Bilecik Province at 40°17′N 30°25′E﻿ / ﻿40.283°N 30.417°E﻿ / 40.283; 30.417 close to Softalar village. The height of this rockfill dam is 55 metres (180 ft) and the dam volume is 413,000 cubic metres (14,600,000 cu ft). Its storage capacity is 9,750,000 cubic metres (344,000,000 cu ft). The dam has recently been completed. After water holding phase, 10,660 decares (10.66 km2; 4.12 sq mi) of agricultural land will be irrigated.

Bilecik Province
Bilecik Province (Turkish: Bilecik ili) is a province in midwest Turkey, neighboring Bursa to the west, Kocaeli and Sakarya to the north, Bolu to the east, Eskişehir to the southeast and Kütahya to the south. Its area is 4,179 km2, and its population is 228,673 (2022). Most of the province laid down in Marmara region but eastern parts of Gölpazarı and Söğüt district and districts of İnhisar and Yenipazar remained in Black Sea Region, smaller southeastern parts of Bozüyük and Söğüt remained in Central Anatolia Region and smaller southwestern part of Bozüyük remained in Aegean Region.
Palyul Monastery
Palyul Monastery (Tibetan: དཔལ་ཡུལ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཆོས་གླིང་།, Wylie: dpal yul rnam rgyal byang chub chos gling), also known as Palyul Namgyal Jangchub Choling Monastery and sometimes romanized as Pelyul Monastery, is one of the "Six Mother Monasteries" of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded in 1665 by Rigzin Kunzang Sherab in Pelyul in Baiyü County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in China's Sichuan province, on the eastern edge of Tibet in Kham. The monastery is the seat of the Nam Chö Terma of Terton Mingyur Dorje. Drubwang Padma Norbu (Penor Rinpoche) was the 11th throneholder of the Palyul lineage.  Upon his mahaparinirvana in March 2009, Karma Kuchen Rinpoche became the 12th throneholder.

Namdroling Monastery in Bylakuppe, India, is where the current throneholder to the Palyul lineage has resided since exile from Tibet during Chinese annexation.

Jianshe, Baiyü County
Jianshe (simplified Chinese: 建设镇; traditional Chinese: 建設鎮; pinyin: Jiànshè Zhèn; Tibetan: འཛུགས་སྐྲུན་གྲོང་རྡལ།, Wylie: vdzugs skrun grong rdal) or Pelyul is a town and seat of Baiyü County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in the west of Sichuan Province in Southwest China.

31°12′N 98°50′E﻿ / ﻿31.200°N 98.833°E﻿ / 31.200; 98.833
Ronald Ramón
Ronald Ramón (born January 14, 1986) is a Dominican basketball coach and former professional player who currently serves an assistant coach for the Fordham Rams. He last played for Flamengo of the Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB) and the Dominican national team, where he participated at the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

Dominican Republic men's national basketball team
The Dominican Republic national basketball team (Spanish: Selección de Baloncesto de República Dominicana) represents the Dominican Republic in men's international basketball competitions. In 2011 and 2012, John Calipari, the head coach of the University of Arkansas men's basketball team, served as the head coach of the team. The team placed third in the 2011 FIBA Americas Championship and fourth in the 2012 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament, one position shy of qualifying for the 2012 Olympics.
Stas (given name)
Stas (Russian: Стас, Ukrainian: Стас; Polish: Staś, Slovene: Staš) is a reduced form, among many, of the Slavic language given name Stanislav known under several spellings (Ukrainian: Станіслав; Russian: Станислав; Polish: Stanisław; Czech: Stanislav, etc.). It may also serve as a given name of its own.  Notable people commonly referred to with the name Stas or variants include:

Stas Pokatilov, Kazakh footballer

Tryzuby Stas, "Tridental Stas", stage name of a Ukrainian singer-songwriter Stanislav Ivanovych Shcherbatykh

Stas Namin, Soviet and Russian-Armenian musician

Stas Kostyushkin, Russian singer and actor

Stas Maliszewski, Polish American former football linebacker

Stas Misezhnikov, Israeli politician

Stas Piekha, Russian pop singer and actor

Stas Mikhaylov, Russian pop singer and songwriter

Staś Kmieć, Polish theatre and dance choreographer

Staš Skube, Slovenian handball player

Staś Kmieć
Staś Kmieć (/ˈstɑːʃ kəˈmjɛtʃ/ STAHSH kə-MYETCH, Polish: [staɕ ˈkmjɛt͡ɕ]) is an American theater and dance choreographer, specializing in a variety of styles of dance: theatre dance, character/folk, period/historical, social/ballroom, ballet, and concert dance.

American-born of Polish descent, he is considered the foremost U.S. authority on Polish folk dance and culture, having been published in numerous articles and in Polish Folk Dances and Songs – A Step-by-Step Guide (Hippocrene Books) - considered the encyclopedia of Polish dance in the English language. Kmieć is the PBS resident Polish Culture expert and has offered commentary on several programs nationwide and on New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania affiliate stations.

As a dancer and choreographer, he has worked in many forms of dance - from classical ballet to folk, and from tap dance to musical theater.  Born in Haverhill,  Massachusetts
Aleksandra Troitskaya
Aleksandra Sergeyevna Troitskaya (Russian: Алекса́ндра Серге́евна Тро́ицкая; 1896–1979) was a Soviet microbiologist-leprologist, candidate of medical sciences. Author of cancer vaccine. Honorary Citizen of Kaluga (1996).

Honorary citizenship
Honorary citizenship is a status bestowed by a city or other government on a foreign or native individual whom it considers to be especially admirable or otherwise worthy of the distinction. The honor usually is symbolic and does not confer any change to citizenship or nationality.
Blackstone Heights
Blackstone Heights is a rural/residential locality in the local government areas (LGA) of Meander Valley (97.5%) and West Tamar (2.5%) in the Launceston LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 34 kilometres (21 mi) east of the town of Westbury. The 2016 census recorded a population of 1270 for the state suburb of Blackstone Heights. It is an outer suburb of Launceston.

West Tamar Council
West Tamar Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated along the western side of the Tamar River in the north of the state. West Tamar is classified as an urban local government area and has a population of 23,769, it extends from the outer reaches of north-west Launceston and includes the towns and localities of Beaconsfield, Beauty Point and Legana.
National Coalition of American Nuns
The National Coalition of American Nuns (NCAN) was founded in 1969 by Margaret Traxler and Audrey Kopp. The organization is known for its advocacy for women's rights, support for the Equal Rights Amendment, opposition to the Catholic Church hierarchy, including Pope Francis, as well as its positions on abortion, LGBT rights, and women's ordination.

Ordination of women
The ordination of women to ministerial or priestly office is an increasingly common practice among some contemporary major religious groups. It remains a controversial issue in certain religious groups in which ordination was traditionally reserved for men. Where laws prohibit sex discrimination in employment, exceptions are often made for clergy (for example in the United States) on grounds of separation of church and state. In some cases, women have been permitted to be ordained, but not to hold higher positions, such as (until October 2025) that of Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England.
Luka Ćelović
Luka Ćelović also known as Luka Ćelović-Trebinjac (Serbian Cyrillic: Лука Ћеловић; 18 October 1854 – 15 August 1929) was a Serbian businessman, merchant and benefactor. At the beginning of the 20th century, he was one of the richest and influential people in Serbia, a patriot and a great benefactor, also a philanthropist of education. He was the first president of the Belgrade Cooperative. In 1902, with Milorad Gođevac, he founded the Serbian Chetnik Organization in Belgrade.

Benefactor (law)
A benefactor (from Latin  bene 'good' and  factor 'maker') is a person who gives some form of help to benefit a person, group or organization (the beneficiary), often gifting a monetary contribution in the form of an endowment to help a cause. Benefactors are humanitarian leaders and charitable patrons providing assistance in many forms, such as an alumnus from a university giving back to a college or an individual providing assistance to others.
Crimson-fronted barbet
The crimson-fronted barbet (Psilopogon rubricapillus), also called Sri Lanka barbet, is an Asian barbet endemic to Sri Lanka where it inhabits tropical moist lowland forests up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) elevation.

Megalaimidae
Megalaimidae, the Asian barbets, are a family of birds, comprising two genera with 35 species native to the forests of the Indomalayan realm from Tibet to Indonesia. They were once clubbed with all barbets in the family Capitonidae but the Old World species have been found to be distinctive and are considered, along with the Lybiidae and Ramphastidae, as sister groups.
Glendive station
Glendive Depot is an office building and former train station in Glendive, Montana. The Northern Pacific Railway established the town in 1881 and opened the first depot in 1882. The present depot building was built in 1922 and is part of the Merrill Avenue Historic District.

Passenger rail service to Glendive ended in 1979 when budget cuts forced Amtrak to discontinue the North Coast Hiawatha. As of 2022, the depot remains in use as a regional office for the BNSF Railway, while rail advocates continue to call for the restoration of train service.

Great Northern Railway (U.S.)
The Great Northern Railway (reporting mark GN) was an American Class I railroad. Running from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington, it was the creation of 19th-century Canadian-American railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill and was developed from the Saint Paul & Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern's route made it the northernmost transcontinental railroad in the U.S.

In 1970, the Great Northern Railway merged with three other railroads to form the Burlington Northern Railroad, which merged in 1996 with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.