hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana
The United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana (in case citations, S.D. Ind.) is a federal district court in Indiana. It was created in 1928 by an act of Congress that split Indiana into two separate districts, northern and southern. The Southern District is divided into four divisions, Indianapolis, Terre Haute, Evansville, and New Albany. Appeals from the Southern District of Indiana are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). The court has five judges, four full-time United States magistrate judges and two part-time magistrate judges.

The courtrooms are located in the Birch Bayh Federal Building in Indianapolis.

Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.
T-54/T-55 operators and variants
The T-54/T-55 tank series is the most widely used tank in the world and has seen service in over 50 countries. It has also served as the platform for a wide variety of specialty armoured vehicles. It was produced in Poland until 1979, in the USSR until 1981, in Czechoslovakia until 1983, in China until 1985, and may be still in production somewhere.

Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني, romanized: Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the national military of the Republic of Lebanon. It consists of three branches, the ground forces, the air force, and the navy. The motto of the Lebanese Armed Forces is "Honor, Sacrifice, Loyalty" (Arabic: شرف · تضحية  · وفاء, romanized: Sharaf.Tadhia.Wafa). In politically unstable Lebanon, the Lebanese army has been described as one of the few state institutions in the country trusted by both the Lebanese population and the international community; and a guarantor of stability in multi-sectarian Lebanon.
Wara Alam Shah
Wara Alam Shah (Urdu: واڑہ عالم شاہ) is a village and union council (administrative subdivision) of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
Amjad Alam Khan founded Wara Alam Shah. The history of this village is known from an elder that this village came into existence about four hundred years ago. It is located at 32°30'30N 73°16'50E.

Mandi Bahauddin District
Mandi Bahauddin (Punjabi and Urdu: ضلع منڈی بہاء الدین) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Located in central Punjab, the district is bordered on the northwest by the Jhelum River, on the southeast by the Chenab River (which separates it from Gujranwala and Gujrat districts), and on the southwest by Sargodha District. The district has an area of 2,673 square kilometres (1,032 sq mi). Mandi district currently has a population of 1.5 million people, according to the 2023 census. In 1998, it had a population of 1.16 million people.
Edmund Veckenstedt
Edmund Veckenstedt (1840–1903) was a German educator, ethnologist and folklorist who published many works, sometimes under the pseudonym Heinrich Veltheim.

Albert Edmund Veckenstedt was born in Vehlitz, near Magdeburg, on 7 January 1840. His career began as an educator, specializing in languages, but his attention soon turned to the field of folklore and then onto research of European ethnology. He was a member of anthropological and ethnological societies in Berlin, and published many papers on these and philological subjects in distinguished journals. He died in 1903 at Halle.

Veckenstedt dedicated his work Wendische Sagen, Märchen und abergläubische Gebräuche to Rudolf Virchow.

In 1883, he published two volumes of Samogitian folk tales. He did not speak Lithuanian or Samogitian and many of the tales were proved to be falsifications by Jan Aleksander Karłowicz and Mečislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis.

Jan Karłowicz
Jan Aleksander Ludwik August Karłowicz (May 28, 1836 – June 14, 1903) was Polish ethnographer, musicologist, composer, linguist, folklorist, lexicographer, dialectologist, one of the first Lithuanianists.

Karłowicz was a correspondent of Belarusian ethnographer and folklorist Stefania Ulanowska.
Alessandro Bottacchiari
Alessandro Bottacchiari (born Foligno, 8 November 1955) is a former Italian rugby union player. He played as a flanker.

He played the most significant time of his career at L'Aquila Rugby, from 1986/87 to 1993/94. He won the National Championship of Excellence in 1993/94.

He had 6 caps for Italy, from 1991 to 1992, scoring 2 tries, 9 points on aggregate. He was called for the 1991 Rugby World Cup, where he had his first game, at the 21-31 loss to New Zealand, at 13 October 1991, in Leicester, in his single presence at the competition. He was 35 years old, becoming one of the oldest players to have his first cap for the Italy side. He had his last cap at the 22-3 win over Romania, at 1 October 1992, in Rome, for the 1992–93 FIRA Preliminary Tournament, in a game where he scored a try.

L'Aquila Rugby
L'Aquila Rugby 1936 was  an Italian rugby union club based in L'Aquila, the capital of Abruzzo.
The official colours of the club were black and green, the colours of the city of L'Aquila. The club went into liquidation and disbanded in 2018.
Severance (land)
A severance can in law mean the act of severing a piece of land from a larger tract of land.  The severed parcel of land becomes a separate lot (parcel).  Second, it can refer to, in jurisdictions that have the form of co-ownership, the ending of a joint tenancy by act or event other than death.  Third, it can be defined in a definitions clause or table in ways including the removal of a party from an agreement, or a permitted ending of the agreement (e.g. break clause) — in an employment contract/negotiations especially common as to severance pay and other terms of severance — or part of the agreement in which case it may be either capable of forming the heart of a new agreement, that is being superseded or instead varied to be non-binding (avoided) as to future conduct (see voidable contract) and the parties should ensure which meaning is meant in this third range of senses.

Break clause
A break clause is a term in a contract that allows early termination of the contract before the default end date. In accordance with  English property law, such clauses are typical in tenancy agreements, so as to allow a tenancy to come to an end before the end date stated in the agreement. A break clause may be invoked by either the landlord or the tenant. The terms of the tenancy agreement are required to be fair to both the tenant and the landlord to comply with consumer protection law. Break clauses usually require some period of notice as outlined in the clause.
Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Indonesian: Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, abbreviated Kemendikbudristek) was a government ministry of the Indonesian government responsible for education, cultural, research, and technology affairs. Its formation resulted from the merger of the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Research and Technology in April 2021. In October 2024, under the Red White Cabinet, the ministry was split into three ministries: Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, and Ministry of Cultural Affairs.

House of Representatives (Indonesia)
6°12′37″S 106°48′00″E﻿ / ﻿6.21028°S 106.80000°E﻿ / -6.21028; 106.80000
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌdewan pərwaˌkilan ˈraʔjat re'publik indo'nesija], lit. 'People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia', abbr. DPR-RI or simply DPR, Indonesian: [deˈpeɛr]), is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD.

Members of the DPR are elected through a general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (anggota dewan).
Clayfield Copse
Clayfield Copse is a local nature reserve on the northern edge of the suburb of Caversham in Reading, UK. The site is 8.65 hectares (21.4 acres) in size and is a natural open space consisting of fields, wild flower meadow and native woodlands adjoining the Oxfordshire countryside. Some of the woodland is being actively managed as hazel coppice, and traditional dead hedging defines some of the ancient woodland areas. The site is the only outcrop of London Clay north of the River Thames in Reading and makes up the southern tip of the Chiltern Hills. The nature reserve is under the management of the Reading Borough Council.

The site also features a sculpture trail.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Mogul skiing
Mogul skiing, commonly shortened to moguls, is a freestyle skiing competition consisting of one timed run of free skiing on a steep, bumpy course, stressing technical turns, aerial maneuvers and speed. Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and at the Winter Olympic Games.

Moguls are a series of bumps on a piste formed when skiers push snow into mounds as they do sharp turns. This tends to happen naturally as skiers use the slope but they can also be constructed artificially. Once formed, a naturally occurring mogul tends to grow as skiers follow similar paths around it, further deepening the surrounding grooves known as troughs. Since skiing tends to be a series of linked turns, moguls form together to create a bump field.

The term mogul is from the Bavarian/Austrian German word Mugel, meaning 'mound, hillock'.

Austrian German
Austrian German (German: Österreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (Österreichisches Standarddeutsch), Austrian High German (Österreichisches Hochdeutsch), or simply just Austrian (Österreichisch), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria and South Tyrol. It has the highest sociolinguistic prestige locally, as it is the variation used in the media and for other formal situations. In less formal situations, Austrians use Bavarian and Alemannic dialects, which are traditionally spoken but rarely written in Austria. It has been standardized with the publishing of the Österreichisches Wörterbuch in 1951.
Monte Scuderi
Monte Scuderi (1,254 m (4,114 ft) high) is a mountain of the Peloritani range located in northeast Sicily. It boasts a flat rocky peak from where it's possible to view a superb panorama including the Strait of Messina, Mount Etna, the Aeolian Islands and the Calabria coast. A cave and ancient ruins lie on the summit and they say also that a split that is on that mount was created when Jesus Christ died. A popular attraction to the peak is the myth of buried treasure. Trails to its top start from the towns of Itala, Alì and from the Santissima gorge near Fiumedinisi.  The mountain is home to a nature reserve.

Strait of Messina
The Strait of Messina is a narrow strait between the eastern tip of Sicily (Punta del Faro) and the western tip of Calabria (Punta Pezzo) in Southern Italy. It connects the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north with the Ionian Sea to the south, within the central Mediterranean. At its narrowest point, between Torre Faro and Villa San Giovanni, it is 3.1 km (1.9 mi) wide. At the city of Messina, it is 5.1 km (3.2 mi) wide. The strait's maximum depth is about 250 m (820 ft).

The strait has strong tidal currents that create a unique marine ecosystem. The rock in the town of Scilla, Calabria at the north of the strait and a natural whirlpool in the northern portion of the strait have been linked to the Greek legend of Scylla and Charybdis. In some circumstances, the mirage of Fata Morgana can be observed when looking at Sicily from Calabria. With its bottleneck shape, it is also a compulsory point of transit in the migration of many bird species.
Ohio State Route 551
State Route 551 (SR 551) is an east-west state highway in southern Ohio.  Its western terminus is at a T-intersection with SR 220 about four miles (6.4 km) southwest of Waverly, and its eastern terminus is at a T-intersection with SR 104 approximately two and a half miles (4.0 km) southwest of Waverly. Existing entirely within Pike County's Pee Pee Township, SR 551 follows the south shore of Lake White, while SR 552 follows the north shore. Lake White State Park is located near SR 551's western terminus.

Waverly, Ohio
Waverly is a village in, and the county seat of, Pike County, Ohio, United States, located about 14 miles (23 km) south of Chillicothe. The population was 4,165 at the 2020 census. The town was formed in 1829, as the construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal along the west bank of the Scioto River brought new growth to the area. In 1861, the county seat was moved here from Piketon.

Waverly is served by the Garnet A. Wilson Public Library.
When the Summer Dies
When the Summer Dies is a song by Canadian electronic music producer Deadmau5, released in 2021. It is the second time that Deadmau5 collaborated with Lights, with following "Drama Free" in 2018. It is an electronic dance music song featuring vocals by Lights.

Lights (musician)
Lights Valerie Anne Poxleitner-Bokan (born Valerie Anne Poxleitner; April 11, 1987), known mononymously as Lights (previously stylized in all caps), is a Canadian musician, singer, and songwriter. Her debut album, The Listening (2009), included the singles "Drive My Soul" and "Saviour". Her second album, Siberia, which featured the single "Toes", was released in 2011. Her work has earned multiple Canadian Independent Music Awards, and Juno Awards including Pop Album of the Year for her third album Little Machines, which included the single "Up We Go", and fourth album Skin & Earth, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. Lights's fifth studio album, Pep, was released in 2022. Her newest record A6 was released May 2, 2025.
Giovanni Paolo Marana
Giovanni Paolo Marana or sometimes Jean-Paul Marana (1642 – 1693) was a Genoese writer of both fiction and non-fiction, best remembered for his conviction for failing to reveal a conspiracy to cede the Genoese town of Savona to the Duchy of Savoy.

Duchy of Savoy
The Duchy of Savoy was a territorial entity of the Savoyard state that existed from 1416 until 1847 and was a possession of the House of Savoy.
It was created when Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, raised the County of Savoy into a duchy for Amadeus VIII. The duchy was an Imperial fief, subject of the Holy Roman Empire, until 1792, with a vote in the Imperial Diet. From the 16th century, Savoy belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle.

Its territory included the current French departments of Savoie, Haute-Savoie, and the Alpes-Maritimes, the current Italian region of Aosta Valley, a large part of Piedmont and the County of Geneva in Switzerland, which was then lost to the Old Swiss Confederacy. The main Vulgar languages that were spoken within the Duchy of Savoy were Arpitan and Piedmontese.
Benjamin Starnes
Benjamin Starnes (born 1966) is a vascular surgeon and medical researcher.  He holds the Alexander Whitehill Clowes Endowed Chair in Vascular surgery at the University of Washington. He served as a U.S. Army surgeon for 15 years, doing three tours of duty, including in the last M.A.S.H. unit. On the day of the September 11 attacks he was at the Pentagon rendering medical aid to victims, and his experience was later recounted in the book American Phoenix: Heroes of the Pentagon on 9/11. He is among the primary authors of the official guidelines for diagnosis and management of aortic disease adopted by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association.

Mobile Army Surgical Hospital
Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH) were U.S. Army field hospital units conceptualized in 1946 as replacements for the obsolete World War II-era Auxiliary Surgical Group hospital units. MASH units were in operation from the Korean War to the Gulf War before being phased out in the early 2000s, in favor of combat support hospitals.

Each MASH unit had 60 beds, as well as surgical, nursing, and other enlisted and officer staff available at all times. MASH units filled a vital role in military medicine by providing support to army units upwards of 10,000 to 20,000 soldiers. These units had a low mortality rate compared to others, as the transportation time to hospitals was shorter, resulting in fewer patients dying within the "Golden Hour", the first hour after an injury is first sustained, which is referred to in trauma as the "most important hour". The U.S. Army deactivated the last MASH unit on February 16, 2006.
Philippe Collin (film director)
Philippe Collin (French pronunciation: [filip kɔlɛ̃]; 19 November 1931 – 17 October 2025) was a French film director and actor.

After his studies at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques, he worked as an assistant to directors Jean Renoir and Marc Allégret. In 2009, he received the audiovisual prize from the Société civile des auteurs multimédia.

Collin died on 17 October 2025, at the age of 93.

Institut des hautes études cinématographiques
The Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC; "Institute for Advanced Cinematographic Studies") is a French film school, founded during World War II under the leadership of Marcel L'Herbier who was its president from 1944 to 1969. IDHEC offered training for directors and producers, cameramen, sound technicians, editors, art directors and costume designers. It became highly influential, and many prominent film-makers received their training there including Paulo Rocha, Louis Malle, Alain Resnais, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claire Denis, Peter Lilienthal, Volker Schlöndorff, Andrzej Żuławski, René Vautier, Andre Weinfeld, Mostafa Derkaoui, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Claude Sautet, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Patrice Leconte, Costa Gavras, Theo Angelopoulos, Jesús Franco, Omar Amiralay, Rithy Panh, Arnaud Desplechin, Claude Miller, Alfonso Gumucio Dagron Christopher Miles and Pascale Ferran.

It was reorganized between 1986 and 1988 and renamed La Fémis.
Fontignano Madonna
The Fontignano Madonna is a 1522 fresco Madonna and Child by Perugino. Angniolus Toni Angeli and the Confraternity of the Annunciation commissioned him to decorate their church of S. Maria dell'Annunziata in Fontignano in 1521. It is his only surviving work in the church and probably reused his cartoons from Santa Maria Maggiore in Spello, such as those for the Spello Pietà. Angeli's name appears at the base of the work.

Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino (US: /ˌpɛrəˈdʒiːnoʊ, -ruːˈ-/ PERR-ə-JEE-noh, -⁠oo-; Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro peruˈdʒiːno]; born Pietro Vannucci or Pietro Vanucci; c. 1446/1452 – 1523), an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.
2024 Ladies Open Vienna – Doubles
Irina Bara and Weronika Falkowska were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Emily Appleton and Estelle Cascino won the title, defeating Maryna and Nadiia Kolb in the final, 6–4, 7–6(7–1).

Nadiia Kolb
Nadiia Leonidivna Kolb (Ukrainian: Надія Леонідівна Колб; born 19 January 1993) is a Ukrainian tennis player.

She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 584, achieved on 12 August 2024. Her best doubles ranking of world No. 173, she achieved on 9 September 2024.

Nadiia was born in the city of Yevpatoriya. Her younger sister Maryna, who is also a professional tennis player, is her regular doubles partner.

Nadiia made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2024 Hong Kong Tennis Open, partnering with younger sister Maryna Kolb in doubles. They defeated Japanese duo Aoi Ito and Kyōka Okamura in the first round. In the quarter-finals, they were defeated by Norwegian Ulrikke Eikeri and Japanese Makoto Ninomiya.
Margaret Murray (baseball)
Margaret Murray (February 8, 1928 – March 22, 2006) was an All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player. She batted and threw right handed.

Born in Joliet, Illinois,  Murray joined the All American League in its 1948 season. "Marge", as her teammates dubbed her, was assigned as a catcher and fourth outfielder for the Springfield Sallies when it was added as an expansion club in the league. She continued with the Sallies the next season when it became a touring player development team. Afterwards, she moved to Green Valley, Arizona.

In 1988, a permanent display was inaugurated at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York, that honors those who were part of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Murray, the rest of the girls, and the league staff are included at the display/exhibit.

Joliet, Illinois
Joliet (/ˈdʒoʊliɛt, ˌdʒoʊliˈɛt/ JOH-lee-et, -⁠ET) is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Chicago, it is the county seat of Will County. The population was 150,362 at the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in Illinois.