hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA), enacted as Subtitle C of Title XI (the "Revenue Adjustments Act of 1980") of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-499, 94 Stat. 2599, 2682 (Dec. 5, 1980), is a United States tax law that imposes income tax on foreign persons disposing of US real property interests. Tax is imposed at regular tax rates for the taxpayer on the amount of gain considered recognized. Purchasers of real property interests are required to withhold tax on payment for the property. Withholding may be reduced from the standard 15% to an amount that will cover the tax liability, upon application in advance of sale to the Internal Revenue Service. FIRPTA overrides most nonrecognition provisions as well as those remaining tax treaties that provide exemption from tax for such gains.

The 2015 omnibus spending bill significantly altered the FIRPTA.

Omnibus spending bill
An omnibus spending bill is a type of bill in the United States that packages many of the smaller ordinary appropriations bills into one larger single bill that can be passed with only one vote in each house of Congress. There are twelve different ordinary appropriations bills that need to be passed each year (one for each appropriations sub-committee) to fund the federal government and avoid a government shutdown. An omnibus spending bill combines two or more of those bills into a single bill.

Regular appropriations bills are typically written, debated, and passed by the House and the Senate during the summer. However, these versions can be different, especially if different parties control each chamber. The omnibus negotiating process takes place later in the year, and involves reconciling differences in the various bills so that an identical, combined appropriations bill can pass both chambers and avert a government shutdown.
Panorama: The Best of Taeyeon
Panorama: The Best of Taeyeon is the first compilation album by South Korean singer Taeyeon. It was released by SM Entertainment on December 1, 2025, and contains 24 tracks, including the new lead single "Panorama" alongside a selection of previously released songs. The album commemorates the tenth anniversary of her solo career.

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge
The Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge is a bridge complex over the Lower Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. The bridge connects Taizhou on the north bank, Yangzhong on an island in the river, and Yaoqiao Village of Zhenjiang Municipality on the south bank, and consists of a suspension bridge across the north branch stream and a pair of box-girder bridges across the south branch stream. Taizhou Bridge Complex opened in 2012.

Yangzhong
Yangzhong (simplified Chinese: 扬中; traditional Chinese: 揚中; pinyin: Yángzhōng; lit. 'Yang[tze] middle') is a county-level city under the administration of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of Zhenjiang City.
Brenta (Milan Metro)
Brenta is a station on Line 3 of the Milan Metro in Milan, Italy. The station was opened on 12 May 1991, as part of the extension of the line from Porta Romana to San Donato.

The station is located on Corso Lodi at the intersection with Viale Brenta, which is in the municipality of Milan. This is an underground station with two tracks in two different tunnels.

Milan Metro
The Milan Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Milano) is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of five lines with a total network length of 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi), and a total of 125 stations (+2 in construction), mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in Europe.

The first line, Line 1, opened in 1964; Line 2 opened 5 years later in 1969, Line 3 in 1990, Line 5 (driverless) in 2013, and Line 4 (driverless) in 2022. There are also several extensions planned and under construction. The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the signs, designed by Bob Noorda, received the Compasso d'Oro award in 1964.
2006 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11
The 2006 Tour de France was the 93rd edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Strasbourg with a prologue individual time trial on 1 July and Stage 11 occurred on 13 July with a mountainous stage to Val d'Aran in Spain. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, on 23 July.

Robbie McEwen
Robbie McEwen AM (born 24 June 1972) is an Australian former professional road cyclist. He is a three-time winner of the Tour de France points classification in 2002, 2004 and 2006 and, at the peak of his career, was considered the world's fastest sprinter.

He last rode for Orica–GreenEDGE on the UCI World Tour.

A former Australian BMX champion, McEwen switched to road cycling in 1990 at 18 years of age. He raced as a professional from 1996 until 2012.

McEwen retired from the World Tour after riding the 2012 Tour of California and is now a cycling broadcast commentator on the Tour Down Under, the Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia and most of the major races for Warner Brothers Discovery networks like Eurosport, Discovery+ and Max Sports.
Rage E.P.
Rage E.P. is a release by Atari Teenage Riot. Although the title of the release is "Rage E.P.", it only contains versions of the song "Rage", so it is similar to a single. The CD versions are enhanced CDs which contain the single file of the music video "Too Dead For Me" in MPEG format. A 12" vinyl edition also exists.

The song "Rage" was later released on the compilation Atari Teenage Riot: 1992-2000. The song was also released on the various artist compilations Clear And Present Danger Vol. 1 and DHR LTD12 CD.

Moving Picture Experts Group
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is an alliance of working groups established jointly by ISO and IEC that sets standards for media coding, including compression coding of audio, video, graphics, and genomic data; and transmission and file formats for various applications. Together with JPEG, MPEG is organized under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).

MPEG formats are used in various multimedia systems. The most well known older MPEG media formats typically use MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 AVC media coding and MPEG-2 systems transport streams and program streams. Newer systems typically use the MPEG base media file format and dynamic streaming (a.k.a. MPEG-DASH).
La mujer de Lorenzo
La mujer de Lorenzo (Lorenzo's Wife) is a 2003 telenovela produced by Venezuelan production company Venevisión in conjunction with Peruvian production company Iguana Producciones. Venezuelan actor Guillermo Pérez and Mexican actress Adriana Louvier star as the main protagonists while Carolina Tejera, Yul Bürkle, and Andrea Montenegro star as the main antagonists.

Venevisión
Venevisión (Spanish pronunciation: [beneβiˈsjon]) is a Venezuelan free-to-air television channel and one of Venezuela's largest television networks, owned by the Cisneros Media division of Grupo Cisneros. It was founded in 1961 by Diego Cisneros. It is one of the major telenovela producers in the world, along with Televisa, TV Azteca, Telemundo, TV Globo, Caracol Televisión, RCN Televisión, ABS-CBN, GMA Network and Channel 3.
1990 Australian Open – Men's singles
Defending champion Ivan Lendl defeated Stefan Edberg in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 5–2 ret., to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1990 Australian Open. It was his second Australian Open title and eighth and last major singles title overall. Edberg was forced to retire during the final due to a torn stomach muscle. This marked the first occasion since the 1911 Wimbledon Championships that a man retired during the championship match of a singles major.

Former world No. 1 John McEnroe created controversy after he was disqualified from his fourth round match for unsportsmanlike conduct. He received a warning for intimidating a linesperson, a point penalty after smashing his racket, and was defaulted for arguing with and abusing the umpire, supervisor and tournament referee.

This tournament marked the first professional appearance of future Olympic champion Marc Rosset.

Tennis at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's singles
Switzerland's Marc Rosset defeated Spain's Jordi Arrese in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 3–6, 4–6, 8–6 to win the gold medal in Men's Singles tennis at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Croatia's Goran Ivanišević and the Unified Team's Andrei Cherkasov won the bronze medals. All four nations won medals in men's singles for the first time.

The tournament was held at the Tennis de la Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona, Spain. There were 64 players from 35 nations. Nations had been limited to three players each since tennis returned to the Olympic program in 1988.

Miloslav Mečíř of Czechoslovakia was the reigning gold medalist from 1988, but he retired from the sport in 1990.
Allakappa
Allakappa was, in Buddhist tradition, one of the eight republics to whom were given the relics of the Buddha upon his death, or Parinirvana.

Initially, the relics had been kept exclusively by the Mallakas of Kusinagara, where the Buddha died, but following the War of the relics, the relics were spread between nine cities or Republics by Drona the Brahmin. The eight other Republics or cities were Rajagriha, Vaishali, Kapilavastu, Ramagrama, Pava, Kushinagar, Vethadipa and Pippalivan.

The people of Allakappa were called the Bulayas or Bulis. They were located somewhere in Bihar, in the historical area of the Buddha, but they are mentioned only in the Digha Nikaya.

Once received by the Bulis, the relics were stored inside a stupa.

Malla (tribe)
Malla (Prakrit: 𑀫𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀈 Mallaī; Pali: Malla; Sanskrit: मल्ल​ Malla) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of north-eastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The population of Malla, the Mallakas, were divided into two branches, each organised into a gaṇasaṅgha (an aristocratic oligarchic republic), presently referred to as the Malla Republics, which were part of the larger Vajjika League.
Tarkio Limestone
The Tarkio Limestone, is a Late-Carboniferous member of the Zeandale Formation in Kansas, extending into Nebraska, Iowa, and Missouri. The unit was named for outcrops in the Tarkio Valley in northwestern Missouri, however, R.C. Moore designated a typical exposure of this unit on Mill Creek, southwest of Maple Hill, Kansas. Owing to its unusual coloration, an early name for this rock was chocolate limestone. This rock can be recognized by its coloration and abundant fusulinids, Triticites ventricosus, protruding from the surfaces, giving a "raspy" texture.

The Tarkio Limestone forms bold bluffs along Deep Creek in southeastern Riley County, Kansas and can be easily accessed there at Pillsbury Crossing, about 30 miles (48 km) west of Maple Hill.

Raymond Cecil Moore
Raymond Cecil Moore (February 20, 1892, Roslyn, Washington – April 16, 1974, Lawrence, Kansas) was an American geologist and paleontologist. He is known for his work on Paleozoic crinoids, bryozoans, and corals. Moore was a member of US Geological Survey from 1913 until 1949. In 1919 he became professor at the University of Kansas (Lawrence). In 1953 Professor Moore organized the launch and became the first editor of the still ongoing multi-volume work Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology.  Contributors to the Treatise have included the world's specialists in the field. He served as president of the Geological Society of America in 1958. In 1970 he was awarded the Mary Clark Thompson Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
Sudbury railway station (Staffordshire)
Sudbury railway station was a railway station serving Sudbury, Derbyshire although the station was located in Staffordshire, near to Draycott in the Clay.

The station was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway in 1848 and in 1862 it was also served by Great Northern Railway on the route between Stafford and Grantham.

The platforms today have been removed but the railway cottages and signal box are still in use, Trains on the Crewe to Derby Line still pass through the former station.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Sakerock
Sakerock (サケロック, Sakerokku), typeset as SAKEROCK, was an instrumental Japanese band.

Led by Gen Hoshino, the group was formed in 2000 by graduates of a high school in Hannō, Saitama. The band was named after a Martin Denny song and performs uplift, melodic instrumental music influenced by jazz, folk, Latin music and exotica. Over the decade, they released more than 10 albums and mini-albums, including soundtracks for Japanese movies, television dramas and stage plays. They were signed to the Kakubarhythm label.

Hannō
Hannō (飯能市, Hannō-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 79,123 in 35,440 households and a population density of 410 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 193.05 square kilometres (74.54 sq mi).
Moses Kyeswa
Moses Kyeswa (born 12 April 1958) is a retired Ugandan sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

Kyeswa finished seventh in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics, together with teammates John Goville, Peter Rwamuhanda and Mike Okot, in a national record time of 3:02.09 minutes.

On the individual level, he participated in the 400 m at the 1984 Olympics without reaching the final.  He reached the semifinals at the 1983 World Championships.  Based in Sweden, he won the Swedish championships in 1986, 1987 and 1988.

1983 World Championships in Athletics
The 1st World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 1983; Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 1983) were run under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations and were held at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland between 7 and 14 August 1983. Despite the existence of previously held championship events in both 1976 and 1980, this 1983 championship was marked as the inaugural World Championship.
Skort
A skort, skorts, or pair of skorts  (a blend of skirt and shorts) is a pair of shorts with an overlapping fabric panel made to resemble a skirt covering the front, or a skirt with a pair of integral shorts hidden underneath.

Initially called "trouser skirts", skorts were developed to provide more freedom to do activities (such as sports, gardening, cleaning, or bike riding), and give the appearance of a skirt. At first, skorts were not deemed appropriate to be worn during any non-athletic activity.

Montgomery Ward claimed in their 1959 Spring/Summer catalog to have invented the garment they called a skort.  It was a short knife or accordion pleated skirt with an attached bloomer underneath.  Years later, the term was applied to a pair of shorts with a flap of fabric across the front (and often the back) making the garment appear to be a skirt.  In recent years, the term skort has been given to any skirt with an attached pair of shorts.

Montgomery Ward
Montgomery Ward is the name of two U.S. retail corporations. The original Montgomery Ward & Co. was a mail-order business and later a department store chain that operated between 1872 and 2001; its common nickname was "Monkey Wards". The current Montgomery Ward Inc. is an online shopping and mail-order catalog retailer that started three years after the original Montgomery Ward went out of business.
Købmagergade 44
Købmagergade 44 is the former headquarters of Holger Petersen's textile company in Copenhagen, Denmark. The present building on the site, which is from the 1880s, replaced the Royal Waisen House (Danish: Det Kgl. Waisenhus), a combined school and orphanagefor indigent children, which relocated to a new purpose-built school building on Nørre Farimagsgade. The institution's old building on Købmagergade was a former Baroque style town mansion from the 1740s, whose earlier residents included Russian envoy to Copenhagen Johann Albrecht Korff and businessmen Joost and Peter van Hemert. From 1971 to 2017, University of Copenhagen's Department of Theology was based in the building. It is now part of the Trinity Quarter, a mixed-use complex owned by Hines, with a 24-hour boutique hotel, retail and six residential apartments.

Købmagergade
Købmagergade is a pedestrian shopping street in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. It connects Amagertorv on Strøget to Nørreport station, although the last section, north of Kultorvet, is part of Frederiksborggade, which continues on the other side of the railway station.
Regalia (album)
Regalia is a live album by Cecil Taylor and Paul Lovens recorded in Berlin on June 26, 1988 as part of month-long series of concerts by Taylor and released on the FMP label.

In his liner notes, Alexander von Schlippenbach wrote: "Among Lovens' most striking qualities is a special sensitivity and flexibility for grasping what's going on as a pre-condition for his extraordinary quick-wittedness and expertise, which he is prepared to use in each and every way. Also in other respects, being so well-equipped, he can just slide into the playing, pushing, in the way he follows Taylor, allowing the pianist, in his turn to catch hold, and make use of what Lovens has diverted from his own (Taylor's) previous offerings."

Alexander von Schlippenbach
Alexander von Schlippenbach (born 7 April 1938) is a German jazz pianist and composer. He came to prominence in the 1960s playing free jazz in a trio with saxophonist Evan Parker and drummer Paul Lovens, and as a member of the Globe Unity Orchestra. Since the 1980s, Von Schlippenbach has explored the work of more traditional jazz composers such as Jelly Roll Morton or Thelonious Monk.
1908 in Canadian football
The 1908 Canadian football season was the 17th season of organized play since the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) was founded in 1892 and the 26th season since the creation of the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) and the Quebec Rugby Football Union (QRFU) in 1883. The season concluded with the Hamilton Tigers defeating the Toronto University team in the 1908 Dominion Championship game.

Ontario Rugby Football Union
The Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) was an early amateur Canadian football league comprising teams in the Canadian province of Ontario. The ORFU was founded on Saturday, January 6, 1883, and in 1903 it became the first major competition to adopt the Burnside rules, from which the modern Canadian football code would evolve. The ORFU converted from a senior level to an intermediate level league after 1960, and had ceased to exist by 1974. The ORFU operated a league competition for junior teams, from 1890 to 1970.
Shankar Mandekar
Shankar Hiraman Mandekar (born 1973) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is an MLA from Bhor Assembly constituency in Pune District. He won the 2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election representing the Nationalist Congress Party.

Pune district
Pune district (Marathi pronunciation: [puɳeː]) is a district in Western Maharashtra with Administrative Headquarters in Pune city. Pune district is the most populous district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is one of the most industrialized districts in India.
Surface flotillas of the Kriegsmarine
Surface flotillas of the Kriegsmarine were organizational groupings of German naval vessels during World War II based on class of vessel and geographical location.  Surface flotillas were not operationally deployed units, but functioned through the administrative command chain of the Kriegsmarine.

Reichsmarine
The Reichsmarine (State Navy)  was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr, existing from 1919 to 1935. In 1935, it became known as the Kriegsmarine (War Navy), a branch of the Wehrmacht; a change implemented by Adolf Hitler. Many of the administrative and organizational tenets of the Reichsmarine were then carried over into the organization of the Kriegsmarine.
IndyHumane
IndyHumane, formerly the Humane Society of Indianapolis, is a humane organization in Indianapolis, Indiana. Located in Marion County, Indiana, it is a private non-profit charitable organization with approximately 10,000 animals cared for each year  and was founded in 1905. In 1919, the Humane Society of Indianapolis merged with the Citizen's Humane Society.

It is an animal rescue and adoption operation, whose physical plant is situated at 7929 Michigan Road in the city of Indianapolis. The mission of the Humane Society of Indianapolis is to "Provide shelter and comfort to animals in need on the path to loving lifetime homes."

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.