hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merosome
A merosome is a life stage of malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium. After injection by mosquitoes into the human host, malaria parasites first migrate to liver cells (hepatocytes), where they replicate asexually inside the host cell. Afterwards, they go on to infect red blood cells. This transition is characterised by the 'budding off' of membrane-bound structures called merosomes, first characterised by Sturm and Amino et al. in 2006. It is thought that these structures, that are derived from hepatocytes including their membranes, aid in the parasites' evasion of immune cells known as Kupffer cells that are located in the liver.

Immunity (medicine)
In biology, immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease. Immunity may occur naturally or be produced by prior exposure or immunization.
Abrar-ul-Haq
Abrar-ul-Haq (Punjabi: ابرار الحق) is a Pakistani singer-songwriter, philanthropist, and former politician.

His debut 1995 album Billo De Ghar sold over 40.3 million albums worldwide, which made him a household name and granted him the title of "King of Pakistani pop and bhangra".

Abrar-ul-Haq is the founder and chairman of Sahara for Life Trust, a private organization that has been providing health services to the people of Narowal and surrounding areas since 1998. He was Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's candidate for the seat of National Assembly from constituency NA-78 (Narowal-II) in the 2018 Pakistani general election.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Attempted assassination of Mohamed Nasheed
On 6 May 2021, an assassination attempt was made against Maldivian Speaker of the People's Majlis and former president Mohamed Nasheed near his home in Malé. At 20:39 MVT (UTC+5), a homemade explosive device planted on a parked motorcycle exploded, injuring Nasheed and four others.  Maldivian authorities allege it to be a terrorist attack by religious 'extremists'. Three suspects have been arrested. The arrested suspects denied being involved; all three of them had prior criminal records.

The then-Maldivian president Ibrahim Mohamed Solih described the explosion as "an attack on Maldives' democracy and economy". He has promised a "swift and thorough" investigation, warning that the perpetrators will "face the full force of the law".

Time in the Maldives
Time in the Maldives is given by Maldives Time (MVT) (UTC+05:00). However, some island resorts operate their own time zone, known as Maldives Island Time, up to 2 hours ahead of the official Maldives Time. The Maldives does not currently observe daylight saving time as daylight hours do not vary in Maldives because the country is located on the equator.
Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, the fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), was assassinated by the Buddhist priest Talduwe Somarama Thero on September 25, 1959, while meeting the public at his private residence, Tintagel, at Rosemead Place in Colombo. Shot in the chest, abdomen, and hand, Bandaranaike died the following day at Merchant's Ward of the Colombo General Hospital. He was the first Sri Lankan national leader to be assassinated, which led to his widow Sirimavo Bandaranaike (Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike) becoming the world's first female prime minister.

Solicitor General of Sri Lanka
The solicitor general of Sri Lanka is a post subordinate to the attorney general of Sri Lanka. The solicitor general of Sri Lanka assists the attorney general, and is assisted by four additional solicitors general. Note that the post was solicitor general of Ceylon until Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972.
2010 Qatar Open – Doubles
Marc López and Rafael Nadal were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski.

Guillermo García López and Albert Montañés defeated František Čermák and Michal Mertiňák in the final, 6–4, 7–5.

Marcin Matkowski
Marcin Matkowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmartɕin matˈkɔfskʲi]; born 15 January 1981) is a Polish former professional tennis player whose speciality is in doubles. He played college tennis at UCLA, where Jean-Julien Rojer was one of his teammates. Matkowski and Mariusz Fyrstenberg won the Madrid Open twice, in addition to reaching the final at the US Open. The duo also reached the final of the ATP Finals and participated six times at the event overall. Matkowski won 18 doubles title in his career and achieved a highest ranking in doubles of world No. 7 in July 2012.
Striga asiatica
Striga asiatica, the Asiatic witchweed or the red witchweed, is a hemiparasitic plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, but has been introduced into other parts of the world including Australia and the United States. Asiatic witchweed is a serious agricultural pest, as it parasitises important crop species, including corn, rice, sorghum, and sugar cane, often causing substantial yield reductions.

While it is native to Africa and Asia, it is invasive in farmlands of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.

In the US, this witchweed was discovered in the Carolinas in 1956. It is considered an invasive agricultural pest, and a vigorous eradication campaign has reduced the affected area by 99% [from 450,000 acres (1,820 km2) to about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha)].

Biological control can be achieved by growing a Desmodium (tick-trefoil) undercrop (see push–pull technology). The trefoil can be used as green manure or animal fodder after the harvest.

Push–pull agricultural pest management
Push–pull technology is an intercropping strategy for controlling agricultural pests by using repellent "push" plants and trap "pull" plants. For example, cereal crops like maize or sorghum are often infested by stem borers. Grasses planted around the perimeter of the crop attract and trap the pests, whereas other plants, like Desmodium, planted between the rows of maize, repel the pests and control the parasitic plant Striga. Push–pull technology was developed at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya in collaboration with  Rothamsted Research, UK. and national partners. This technology has been taught to smallholder farmers through collaborations with universities, NGOs and national research organizations.
Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia
Thirteen ancient towns have been discovered in Saudi Arabia up to the present day. These include, Mecca, Qaryat al-Fāw, the Al-Ukhdūd archeological area, Hegra (Madā'in Ṣālih), Jubbah, Tārūt, Al-Shuwayḥaṭiyah, Thāj, Taimaa and Dūmat Al-Jandal. There are still more ancient towns in Saudi Arabia, but little information is currently available on them. Saudi Arabia occupies a unique and distinctive geographic location, bridging civilizations between continents. In ancient times the Arabian peninsula served as a corridor for trade; therefore it saw the beginning of many civilizations, the relics of which are still evident today. The Saudi government has recently established the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities, which is responsible for the preservation of these cities.

Qaryat al-Faw
Qaryat Al Faw (Arabic: قرية الفاو), also known as Qaryat Dhat Kahil, was once the capital of the Kingdom of Kinda, now an archaeological site. It is located about 100 km south of Wadi ad-Dawasir, and about 700 km southwest of Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The archeological site reveals various features such as residential houses, markets, roads, cemeteries, temples, and water wells.

The tutelary deity of Qaryat al-Faw is thought to have been Kahl. The pantheon of the city also included other deities, such as Shams.

Other names for the site include Qaryat al-Hamraa (Red City) and Dhat al-Jnan (City of Gardens) by the inhabitants in its period of prosperity.

In July 2024, Qaryat Al-Faw was officially designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2017–18 Gamma Ethniki
The 2017–18 Gamma Ethniki was the 35th season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. It started on 1 October 2017. After matches were completed in the eight groups, the top team in each group qualified for a playoff round of two groups, to determine which four teams would be promoted to the Football League.

97 teams were divided into eight groups according to geographical criteria.

Panelefsiniakos, AO Chania, AEL Kalloni, Panthrakikos, Eordaikos, A.E. Istiaia, Mavroi Aetoi Eleftherochori, Amvrakia Kostakioi, APO Kanaris Nenita, Pyrsos Grevena, AO Syros, Poseidon Neoi Poroi and AO Polykratis Pythagoreio withdrew from the league before the group draw.

AO Chania F.C.
AO Chania, short for Athlitikos Omilos Chania (Greek: Aθλητικός Όμιλος Χανιά, translated Athletic Club of Chania), was an association football club based in Chania on the island of Crete. It was officially founded in 1945, and has consistently represented the city in various levels of the Greek football league system, most notably the Football League (2nd National Division). The club merged with neighboring club Kissamikos in 2017 to form AO Chania Kissamikos F.C.
Hon-Yim Ko
Hon-Yim Ko is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado, where he held the Glenn L. Murphy Professor and Chair of Civil, Environmental and Architectural 
Engineering from 2000 to 2010. He has won national renown in research and teaching in the specialties of centrifuge modeling, earthquake engineering, mechanical properties of soil and rock, constitutive modeling and soil-structure interaction. His research resulted in over 200 scholarly publications, and prestigious research awards, including the Huber Research Prize by the American Society of Civil Engineers; and the Colorado Engineering Council Gold Medal.

He excelled in university teaching, being awarded the Outstanding Educator of America from by the American Society for Engineering Education and the Hutchinson Memorial Teaching Award, U. of Colorado.

He is cited in the American Men and Women of Science.

American Society for Engineering Education
The American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) is a non-profit member association, founded in 1893, dedicated to promoting and improving engineering and engineering technology education. The purpose of ASEE is the advancement of education in all of its functions which pertain to engineering and allied branches of science and technology, including the processes of teaching and learning, counseling, research, extension services and public relations. ASEE administers the engineering technology honor society Tau Alpha Pi.
Makimuku ruins
The Makimuku ruins (纒向遺跡, Makimuku iseki) is an archaeological site with the traces of a late-Yayoi period (2nd century) to early-Kofun period (4th century) settlement located at the northwest foot of Mount Miwa of the city of Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, in the Kansai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site in 2013.

Some researchers consider the area to be the birthplace of the Kofun system. There is a theory that they are the center of Yamatai, and six ancient burial mounds such as Hashihaka Kofun are distributed.

Nara Prefecture
Nara Prefecture (奈良県, Nara-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425 sq mi). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.

Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
Uduak
Uduak is a given name of Efik and Ibibio origin meaning “will” or “desire”. It can be diminutive of Uduak-Abasi, the will/desire of God. Though unisex, it is mostly given to girls. Notable bearers include:

Uduak Amimo, Kenyan journalist

Uduak Archibong, Nigerian nurse and academic

Uduak Isong, Nigerian scriptwriter and producer

Christy Uduak Essien-Igbokwe (1960–2011), Nigerian musician and actress

Ezekiel Uduak Akpan, Nigerian kidnapper convicted in the killing of Iniubong Umoren

Joan Uduak Ekah (born 1980), Nigerian sprinter

Uduak Isong
Uduak Isong Oguamanam listenⓘ is a Nigerian Nollywood scriptwriter, producer and entrepreneur based in Lagos, Nigeria. She is best known for the comedy films Okon Lagos (2011) and its sequel Okon Goes To School (2013), Lost In London (2017), and Desperate Housegirls (2015). Falling (film) (2015) is Isong Oguamanam's first film under her own production company, Closer Pictures, based in Lagos, Nigeria.
Vacherie, Louisiana
Vacherie is an unincorporated community in St. James Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is part of the New Orleans Metropolitan Area. The name of the place derives from the French word for cowshed. On the SW side of the community used to be the 1,969 ft (600 m) WZRH/KVDU-Tower, a guyed mast noted as the tallest tower in the state of Louisiana. It fell in 2021 after being damaged by Hurricane Ida.

The best known location in the community is the Oak Alley Plantation. There are several other historic plantations in the area: Laura, Desire, St. Joseph, and Felicity. The last two were combined in 1890.

Vacherie was used as a filming location for the TV series True Detective.

Guyed mast
A guyed mast is a tall thin vertical structure that depends on guy lines (diagonal tensioned cables attached to the ground or a base) for stability.  The mast itself has the compressive strength to support its own weight, but does not have the shear strength to stand unsupported or bear loads.  It requires guy lines to stay upright and to resist lateral (shear) forces such as wind loads. Examples include masts on sailing vessels, towers for telecommunications, meteorology, and masts on cranes, power shovels, draglines, and derricks, starting with the simple gin pole.
Fredrik Lindström (biathlete)
Fredrik Lindström (born 24 July 1989) is a Swedish former biathlete from Bredbyn. He made his World Cup debut on 12 December 2008 in Hochfilzen, where he ended up in 47th place.

He represented Sweden at three Winter Olympics; 2010, 2014 and 2018. His best result is a victory in the men's relay in 2018. Lindström also won 2 medals individually in the World Championships: bronze in mass start in 2012 and bronze in the individual in 2013.

On 17 March 2019, he announced his retirement from biathlon following the 2018–2019 season.

Biathlon at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Biathlon at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Alpensia Biathlon Centre, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea. There were eleven events contested: men and women competed in each of sprint, pursuit, individual, mass start, and relay; there was also a mixed relay event. The eleven events were scheduled to take place between 9 and 23 February 2018.
Nana Komatsu
Nana Komatsu (Japanese: 小松 菜奈, Hepburn: Komatsu Nana; born February 16, 1996) is a Japanese actress and model. She is best known for starring in the films The World of Kanako (2014), Drowning Love (2016), My Tomorrow, Your Yesterday (2016), Threads: Our Tapestry of Love (2020), and The Last 10 Years (2022). She made her Hollywood debut role in the film Silence (2016).

Chanel
Chanel (/ʃəˈnɛl/ shə-NEL, French: [ʃanɛl] ⓘ) is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1910 by Coco Chanel in Paris. It is privately owned by French brothers, Alain and Gérard Wertheimer, through the holding company Chanel Limited, established in 2018 and headquartered in London.

Chanel specializes in women's ready-to-wear, luxury goods, and accessories and licenses its name and branding to Luxottica for eyewear. Chanel is well known for its No. 5 perfume and "Chanel Suit". Chanel is credited for revolutionizing haute couture and ready-to-wear by replacing structured, corseted silhouettes with more functional garments that women still found flattering.
East Winch Common
East Winch Common is a 26.1-hectare (64-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of King's Lynn in Norfolk, England. It is common land and is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust.

This site is mainly wet acid heath on peat, and it is dominated by heather and cross-leaved heath. There are many wet hollows, which have diverse fen and mire flora, and areas of young woodland.

The reserve is open to the public.

Common land
Common land  is collective land (sometimes only open to those whose nation governs the land) in which all persons have certain common rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect wood, or to cut turf for fuel. A person who has a right in, or over, common land jointly with another or others is usually called a commoner.

In Great Britain, common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common and Mungrisdale Common. Due to enclosure, the extent of common land is now much reduced from the hundreds of square kilometres that existed until the 17th century, but a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas. There are over 8,000 registered commons in England alone.
ESR meter
An ESR meter is a two-terminal electronic measuring instrument designed and used primarily to measure the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of real capacitors; usually without the need to disconnect the capacitor from the circuit it is connected to. Other types of meters used for routine servicing, including normal capacitance meters, cannot be used to measure a capacitor's ESR, although combined meters are available that measure both ESR and out-of-circuit capacitance. A standard (DC) milliohmmeter or multimeter cannot be used to measure ESR, because a steady direct current cannot be passed through the capacitor.
Most ESR meters can also be used to measure non-inductive low-value resistances, whether or not associated with a capacitor; this leads to several additional applications described below.

Instrumentation
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities. It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory. The term has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.

Instrumentation can refer to devices as simple as direct-reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems. Instruments can be found in laboratories, refineries, factories and vehicles, as well as in everyday household use (e.g., smoke detectors and thermostats).
Grape syrup
Grape syrup is a condiment made with concentrated grape juice. It is thick and sweet because of its high ratio of sugar to water. Grape syrup is made by boiling grapes, removing their skins, and squeezing them through a sieve to extract the juice. Like other fruit syrups, a common use of grape syrup is as a topping to sweet cakes, such as pancakes or waffles.

It is found in multiple Balkan, Middle Eastern and Caucasian cuisines, under a variety of names.

Sieve
A sieve (/ˈsɪv/), fine mesh strainer, or sift is a tool used for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for controlling the particle size distribution of a sample, using a screen such as a woven mesh or net or perforated sheet material. The word sift derives from sieve.

In cooking, a sifter is used to separate and break up clumps in dry ingredients such as flour, as well as to aerate and combine them. A strainer (see colander), meanwhile, is a form of sieve used to separate suspended solids from a liquid by filtration.
MyMusic.com.ng
MyMusic.com.ng is a commercial music download service that aims to provide a legitimate means of digital distribution of Nigerian music. It was founded by three Babcock University alumni; Damola Taiwo (COO and co-founder), Tola Ogunsola (CEO and co-founder) and Dolapo Taiwo (CTO and co-founder).

The service is presented on both mobile and web platforms and features multiple payment methods like the direct airtime credit billing, some of which are catered to deal with the unique challenges of the Nigerian market which is largely a cash only society.

The service aims to help reward Nigerian artists for their creative work and reduce piracy.

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has been reported to be in talks with stakeholders to propose a digital copyright piracy bill to the 8th National Assembly of Nigeria. The bill, called the Nigerian Copyright Act, will impose strict sanctions on digital copyright offenders while aiming to give content owners what is rightfully theirs.

Nigerian Communications Commission
The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) is the independent regulatory authority for the telecommunications industry in Nigeria. The NCC was created under Decree number 75 by the Federal Military Government of Ibrahim Babangida in Nigeria on 24 November 1992. The NCC was charged with the responsibility of regulating the supply of telecommunications services and facilities, promoting competition, and setting performance standards for telephone services in Nigeria. The Decree has been abrogated and replaced with the Nigerian Communications Act (NCA) 2003. Idris Olorunnimbe is the current Chairman of the Board of the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), appointed by President Bola Tinubu in August 2025, while Aminu Maida is the present head of (NCC) assumed office in 2023. in 2025, NCC called for a round table discussion   with the various industry stakeholders on broadband.