hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Topo (climbing)
In climbing, a topo (short for topology) is a graphical representation of a climbing route. Topos range from a photograph of the climb on which the line of the route is overlaid, to a detailed diagram of the key features and challenges of the climb, which are typically represented as standardized UIAA topo symbols.

Climbing guidebooks compile topos for routes at a crag or in a climbing area.  Online climbing databases and apps merge detailed beta (i.e. how to overcome the hardest challenges) as well as the traditional topo information.  Some hand-drawn topos by the climber(s) who completed the first ascent of important new routes are notable.

Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders) to small boulders. Climbing is done for locomotion, sporting recreation, for competition, and is also done in trades that rely on ascension, such as construction and military operations. Climbing is done indoors and outdoors, on natural surfaces (e.g. rock climbing and ice climbing), and on artificial surfaces (e.g. climbing walls and climbing gyms).
Margaret-Ann Armour
Margaret-Ann Armour CM (6 September 1939 – 25 May 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian chemist based at the University of Alberta. She is best known for her expertise in developing guidelines for hazardous lab waste disposal, and for being a vocal advocate for women in science. Armour founded the Women in Scholarship, Engineering, Science and Technology (WISEST) program, and served as the first and only Associate Dean of Science for Diversity at the University of Alberta. Among her many honors, she was named a member of the Order of Canada (2006), a 3M Teaching Fellow (1996) and a Canada 150 ambassador (2017).

Maclean's
Maclean's is a Canadian magazine founded in 1905 which reports on Canadian issues such as politics, pop culture, trends and current events. Its founder, publisher John Bayne Maclean, established the magazine to provide a uniquely Canadian perspective on current affairs and to "entertain but also inspire its readers". Rogers Media, the magazine's publisher since 1994 (after the company acquired Maclean-Hunter Publishing), announced in September 2016 that Maclean's would become a monthly beginning January 2017, while continuing to produce a weekly issue on the Texture app. In 2019, the magazine was bought by its current publisher, St. Joseph Communications.
Khanh Pham
Khanh Pham (born 1978) is an American politician and activist currently serving as a member of the Oregon State Senate. A member of the Democratic Party, she represents the 23rd district, which consists of a portion of Southeast Portland, Northeast Portland, and the city of Maywood Park. She previously served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2021 to 2025, representing the 46th district.

Pham is considered one of the most progressive members of the Oregon Legislature.

Maywood Park, Oregon
Maywood Park is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. An enclave within the city of Portland, the residents of the city voted to incorporate in 1967 in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the construction of Interstate 205.  The population was 829 at the 2020 census.
Chimaphila
Chimaphila (prince's pine or wintergreen; from Greek: cheima 'winter' and philos 'lover', hence 'winter lover') is a genus of five species of small, evergreen, flowering plants native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are classified in the family Ericaceae, but were formerly placed in the segregate family Pyrolaceae.

Species

Chimaphila japonica

Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen, also called striped wintergreen, striped prince's pine or rheumatism root)

Chimaphila menziesii (little prince's pine)

Chimaphila monticola

Chimaphila umbellata (umbellate wintergreen, pipsissewa, or prince's pine)

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Disa physodes
Disa physodes (Brown Disa) is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos and renosterveld. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape and has always been found from Piketberg to the Cape Peninsula, but is currently restricted to the area between Wellington and Ceres. The species has lost 90% of its habitat to crop cultivation and suburban development. The total population is less than 100 plants. One of the threats is the absence of fires, the plant requires periodic fires to flower.

Ceres, South Africa
Ceres is the administrative centre and largest town of the Witzenberg Local Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Ceres serves as a regional centre for the surrounding towns of Wolseley, Tulbagh, Op-die-Berg and Prince Alfred Hamlet. It is situated in the Warmbokkeveld (English: "warm antelope field") Valley about 170 km north-east of Cape Town. Ceres is located at the north-eastern entrance to Michell's Pass and was the old route north between Cape Town and Johannesburg, which was later replaced by the N1 highway, which traverses the Breede River Valley to the south.

Named after the Roman goddess of agriculture, Ceres, a name which is fitting as the valley in which the town is situated is extremely fertile and is a major producer of South Africa's deciduous fruit.
Engaku-ji
Zuirokusan Engaku   Kōshō Zenji (瑞鹿山円覚興聖禅寺), or Engaku-ji (円覚寺), is one of the most important Zen Buddhist temple complexes in Japan and is ranked second among Kamakura's Five Mountains. It is situated in the city of Kamakura, in Kanagawa Prefecture to the south of Tokyo.

Founded in 1282 (Kamakura period, the temple maintains the classical Japanese Zen monastic design, and both the Shariden and the Great Bell (大鐘, Ogane) are designated National Treasures. Engaku-ji is one of the twenty-two historic sites included in Kamakura's proposal for inclusion in UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

It is located in Kita-Kamakura, very close to Kita-Kamakura Station on the Yokosuka Line, and indeed the railway tracks cut across the formal entrance to the temple compound, which is by a path beside a pond which is crossed by a small bridge.

Kantō region
The Kantō region (関東地方, Kantō Chihō; IPA: [kaꜜn.toː, kan.toː tɕiꜜ.hoː, kan.toː tɕi̥.hoꜜː]) is a geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures: Chiba, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Saitama, Tochigi, and Tokyo. Slightly more than 45 percent of the land area within its boundaries is the Kantō Plain. The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form land borders with other regions of Japan.

As the Kantō region contains Tokyo, the capital and largest city of Japan, the region is considered the center of Japan's politics and economy. According to the official census on October 1, 2010, by the Statistics Bureau of Japan, the population was 42,607,376, amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan.
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design was an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. The award was first presented in 1969, for work in either a play or musical production. It was retired after the 1997 ceremony, replaced by separate play and musical categories, but returned as a singular category starting in 2010. It was permanently retired after the 2015 presentation, again replaced by separate play and musical categories.

Boris Aronson and Robin Wagner hold the record for most wins in the category before its retirement, with four wins each, followed closely by Santo Loquasto with three wins. Loquasto also holds the record for most nominations with eleven, followed by Tony Walton with nine.

John Lee Beatty
John Lee Beatty is an American scenic designer who has created set designs for more than 115 Broadway shows and has designed for other productions.  He won two Tony Awards, for Talley's Folly (1980) and The Nance (2013), was nominated for 13 more, and he won five Drama Desk Awards and was nominated for 10 others.
Pedro Martínez de Eulate
Pedro Martínez de Eulate Maestresalas, know also as Martínez de Eulate or Eulate  (born 17 August 1979), is a Basque pelota player of hand modality, plays on defense, winner of two doubles tournaments.

Bare-handed Pelota First League Doubles
The Bare-handed Pelota First League Doubles known as Campeonato de España de mano parejas is the second most important tournament of Hand-pelota category in Basque pelota, after the 1st Hand-Pelota singles championship, known as manomanista. The teams are formed by a Forward and a Defender, and the games are played to 22 points.
First Battle of Lohgarh
The First Battle of Lohgarh was fought between the Sikhs, and the Mughal Empire in 1710. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah's army moved towards Lohgarh, Bilaspur where they engaged with the Sikhs to capture the fort on 16 December 1710. The battle is noted for its use of guerrilla tactics and being a pitched battle.

Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan
Zain ud-Din Khan, also known as Mirza Muhammad Hashim, was an aristocrat from the Nawab of Bengal family and the father of Siraj ud-Daulah, khan the last independent Nawab of Bengal. He served as the governor of Bihar under Nawab Alivardi Khan.
The Overland Limited (1925 film)
The Overland Limited is a 1925 American silent film, directed by Frank O'Neill and produced by Sam Sax with cinematography by Jack MacKenzie. The story was written by James J. Tynan. The film was released July 14, 1925 in New York.

Samuel Sax
Samuel Sax (September 5, 1880 –January 2, 1962) was an American film producer. He produced 80 films between 1925 and 1946, including the last films of Roscoe Arbuckle. From 1938 to 1941, Sax headed Warner Brothers's British subsidiary at Teddington Studios in London.
Foxdale Railway
54°12′04″N 4°38′20″W﻿ / ﻿54.201°N 4.639°W﻿ / 54.201; -4.639

The Foxdale Railway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge branch line which ran from St. John's to Foxdale in the Isle of Man. The line ran 2+1⁄4 miles (3.6 km) from an end-on junction with the Manx Northern Railway west of St. John's, then passed to the north of the Isle of Man Railway station before curving south and crossing the IMR's line from Douglas via an overbridge (the only place where railway crossed railway in the Isle of Man unless one counts the 19-inch (480 mm) gauge Great Laxey Mine Railway tunnel under the Manx Electric Railway) to the east of the station. The line had a fairly constant incline through Waterfall(s) Halt, the only intermediate station, to the terminus in Upper Foxdale. The tracks extended beyond Foxdale into the mine workings area.

3 ft gauge railways
Three foot gauge railways have a track gauge of 3 ft (914 mm) or 1 yard. This gauge is a narrow gauge and is generally found throughout North, Central, and South America. In Ireland, many secondary and industrial lines were built to 3 ft gauge, and it is the dominant gauge on the Isle of Man, where it is known as the Manx Standard Gauge. Modern 3 ft gauge railways are most commonly found in isolated mountainous areas, on small islands, or in large-scale amusement parks and theme parks (see table below). This gauge is also popular in model railroading (particularly in G scale), and model prototypes of these railways have been made by several model train brands around the world, such as Accucraft Trains (US), Aristo-Craft Trains (US), Bachmann Industries (Hong Kong), Delton Locomotive Works (US), LGB (Germany), and PIKO (Germany).
Benjamin Oluwakayode Osuntokun
Professor Benjamin Oluwakayode Osuntokun (6 January 1935 – 22 September 1995), was a researcher and neurologist from Okemesi, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Known for discovering the cause of ataxic tropical neuropathy, he was a founding member of the Pan African Association of Neurological Sciences and an early advocate and researcher on tropical neurology.

Tropical ataxic neuropathy
Tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN, also known as Strachan-Scott syndrome and prisoners of war neuropathy) is a disease or category of diseases that commonly causes disability and increases mortality. The causes of TAN are not understood; there is no generally accepted treatment, and the reported outcomes are inconsistent.

The disease affects poor tropical populations; there are no good statistics on how many people are affected worldwide, but in some populations, more than a quarter of people are affected.  Malnutrition may play a role.

TAN is one of many tropical myeloneuropathies. It was first described in Jamaica in 1897, by postmortems of 510 cases; in 1959, it was dubbed "tropical ataxic neuropathy".
2011 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament
The 2011 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament was held at the Durham Bulls Athletic Park in Durham, North Carolina, from May 25 through 29. All of the games were shown live on Fox Sports South with select games being shown on Fox Sports Florida, Comcast Mid-Atlantic, Sun Sports, and New England Sports Network. Top seeded Virginia won the tournament and earned the Atlantic Coast Conference's automatic bid to the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball tournament. It was Virginia's third ACC tournament win and second in three years.

2011 was the fifth year in which the conference used a round-robin tournament format, with the team with the best record in each group at the end of the three-game round robin advancing to a one-game championship.

Durham Bulls Athletic Park
Durham Bulls Athletic Park (DBAP, pronounced "d-bap") is a 10,000-seat ballpark in Durham, North Carolina, that is home to the Durham Bulls, the Triple-A affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball.  It was also home to the Duke Blue Devils and North Carolina Central Eagles college baseball teams. The $18.5-million park opened in 1995 as the successor to Durham Athletic Park.
Antosia
Antosia (Ukrainian: Антося) is a village (selo) in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, in western Ukraine. It belongs to Brody urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

From 1918 to 1939 the village was in Tarnopol Voivodeship in Poland.

Until 18 July 2020, Antosia belonged to Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Zolochiv Raion
Zolochiv Raion (Ukrainian: Золочівський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Zolochiv. Population: 158,943 (2022 estimate).

It was established in 1939.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Zolochiv Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Brody and Busk Raions, were merged into Zolochiv Raion. At the same time, part of Zolochiv Raion was transferred to Lviv Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 68,394 (2020 est.).
Ponera pennsylvanica
Ponera pennsylvanica is a species of ant that is usually found in mesic forests in the Eastern United States. The species' nests are usually found under rotting logs, in rotting stumps or logs, in acorns, in soil, and in leaf mold. Ant colonies usually have no more than 100 worker ants.

Ant colony
An ant colony is a population of ants, typically from a single species, capable of maintaining their complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial, communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera, though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution. The typical colony consists of one or more egg-laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females.  In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests.
Khanda (river)
The Khanda (Russian: Ханда; Yakut: Ханда, Xanda), also known as Belaya (Russian: Белая), is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia, a right tributary of the Aldan, part of the Lena basin.

The Khanda has a length of 281 kilometres (175 mi) and a drainage basin area of 8,790 square kilometres (3,390 sq mi). There are no settlements in the area of the river. The nearest inhabited places are Khandyga of Tompo District and Eldikan of Ust-Maysky District to the north and south of the river's mouth respectively.

In the International scale of river difficulty the Khanda is a Class II destination for rafting and kayaking.

Eldikan
Eldikan (Russian: Эльдикан; Yakut: Элдьикээн, Elcikeen) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Aldan River, 64 kilometers (40 mi) northeast of Ust-Maya, the administrative center of the district. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,515.
Billy Al Bengston
Billy Al Bengston (June 7, 1934 – October 8, 2022) was an American visual artist and sculptor who lived and worked in Venice, California, and Honolulu, Hawaii. Bengston was probably best known for work he created that reflected California's "Kustom" car and motorcycle culture. He pioneered the use of sprayed layers of automobile lacquer in fine art and often used colors that were psychedelic and shapes that were mandala-like. ARTnews referred to Bengston as a "giant of Los Angeles's postwar art scene."

Honolulu Museum of Art
The Honolulu Museum of Art (formerly the Honolulu Academy of Arts) is an art museum in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi.  The museum is the largest of its kind in the state, and was founded in 1922 by Anna Rice Cooke. It has one of the largest single collections of Asian and Pan-Pacific art in the United States, and since its official opening on April 8, 1927, its collections have grown to more than 55,000 works of art.
White Covered Bridge
White Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Greene Township in Greene County, Pennsylvania. It is a 66.5-foot-long (20.3 m), Queenpost truss bridge with a gable roof, constructed in 1919.  It crosses Whiteley Creek.  As of October 1978, it was one of nine historic covered bridges in Greene County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Queen post
A queen post is a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post truss. A king post uses one central supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two. Even though it is a tension member, rather than a compression member, they are commonly still called a post. A queen post is often confused with a queen strut, one of two compression members in roof framing which do not form a truss in the engineering sense.

The double punch truss appeared in Central Europe during the Renaissance.
Peter van Tour
Peter van Tour (born 1966) is a Dutch musicologist, music historian and music theorist, specializing in Aural Training, Counterpoint and Historical Improvisation. After moving to Sweden in 1990, he co-founded the Gotland School of Music Composition together with Prof. Sven-David Sandström and Ramon Anthin. At this institution, Peter taught counterpoint, aural skills, music analysis, and history of composition. He is best known as an expert in the field of Partimento and is the author of "Counterpoint and Partimento: Methods of Teaching Composition in Late Eighteenth-Century Naples", his doctoral dissertation. Van Tour is an associate professor of Music Theory and Musical Analysis at Örebro University in Sweden.

Partimento
A partimento (from the Italian: partimento, plural partimenti) is a sketch (often a bass line), written out on a single staff, whose main purpose is to be a guide for the improvisation ("realization") of a composition at the keyboard. A partimento differs from a basso continuo accompaniment in that it is a basis for a complete composition. Partimenti were central to the training of European musicians from the late 1600s until the early 1800s. They were developed in the Italian conservatories, especially at the music conservatories of Naples, and later at the Paris Conservatory, which emulated the Neapolitan conservatories.
MTV Thailand
MTV Thailand was a 24-hour music and entertainment channel owned by Paramount Networks EMEAA, a division of Paramount Global. This channel broadcasts both Thai and international music programs as well as a youth lifestyle T.V. series. The channel ended its transmission in 2011. In 2013, Viacom International Media Networks (VIMN), intended to bring back MTV Thailand with supports from AppleTool Co and MCOT Plc. On 1 September 2013, MTV Thailand officially returned to TrueVisions, replacing Channel V Thailand, before moving to CTH in January 2016.

Paramount Networks EMEAA
Paramount Networks EMEAA is a Spanish-based division of Paramount International Networks (representing its media operations across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia) which is fully owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation. The unit's headquarters are in Madrid, with additional offices in Berlin, Lisbon, Paris, Amsterdam, Milan, Dubai, Johannesburg, Lagos, Budapest, Warsaw, Singapore, Stockholm, Tokyo, Beijing, Manila, Copenhagen, Prague, Helsinki, and Hong Kong. The company was originally founded under the name MTV Networks Europe in 1987.

In 2011, the division was renamed Viacom International Media Networks Europe. Also in 2011, Viacom created an Italian subdivision in order to purchase a 30% ownership stake in the Rainbow S.p.A. animation studio until it sold the stake in 2023.

It currently operates in 31 countries across Europe, Africa and the Middle East.
Ling-Ding Tower
Ling-Ding Tower (Chinese: 林鼎高峰; pinyin: Lín dǐng gāofēng), is a skyscraper office building located in West District, Taichung, Taiwan. The height of the building is 427 ft (130 m) and it comprises 33 floors above ground and four basement levels. The building was completed in 1994 and was one of the earliest skyscrapers in Taichung. The fourth floor of the building houses the Taipei Language Institute's Taichung campus. As of January 2021, the building is the 34th tallest in Taichung.

Taipei Language Institute
The Taipei Language Institute (TLI; Chinese: 中華語文研習所; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Yǔwén Yánxí Suǒ) was founded in 1956 by a group of missionaries who wished to provide training in Mandarin Chinese for Taiwan-bound missionaries.  Originally named Missionary Language Institute, the founder Dr. Marvin Ho created the institute as a means of educating these foreigners in Mandarin and Taiwanese.