hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
Cornelius "Sonny" Vanderbilt Whitney (February 20, 1899 – December 13, 1992) was an American businessman, film producer, government official, writer and philanthropist. He was also a polo player who  owned a stable of Thoroughbred racehorses.

Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses".
Disen tram stop
Disen is a tram stop located on the Oslo Tramway network. Located in Nordre Aker in northern Oslo, the station is part of the Kjelsås Line, that operates between Storo and Kjelsås. Disen also has a balloon loop, for trams to turn around and change direction. However, trams do not regularly terminate at Disen anymore. Disen was opened on 25 September 1934. 
Disen was also closed along with the rest of the Kjelsås Line between 2002 and 2004. Uni-directional SL79 trams serve the tram stop, but occasionally SL95 trams serve Line 12.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
Krasiczyn
Krasiczyn (Polish: [kraˈɕit͡ʂɨn]) is a village in Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krasiczyn.

In Krasiczyn stands the Krasicki Palace, a Renaissance palace built for Stanisław Krasicki by Galleazzo Appiani.

Adam Stefan Sapieha, a cardinal whom Pope John Paul II described as 'my model', was born in Krasiczyn, in the castle.

Przemyśl County
Przemyśl County (Polish: powiat przemyski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Przemyśl, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county).

The county covers an area of 1,213.73 square kilometres (468.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 74,234.
World Esports Association
The World Esports Association (WESA) is an esports association founded in 2016. After a year of development, it was founded by ESL along with nine esports teams. Its founding members were Fnatic, Natus Vincere, Team EnVyUs, FaZe Clan, Virtus.pro, G2 Esports, North, Splyce, Mousesports, and Ninjas in Pyjamas. However, FaZe Clan dropped out of the organization just a day after it was unveiled due to fears of being locked in an exclusivity contract limiting the tournaments teams could play in.

Natus Vincere
Natus Vincere (Latin for "born to win"), commonly referred as abbreviated name NAVI (formerly Na`Vi), is a Ukrainian esports organization based in Kyiv. Founded in 2009, the organization has teams and players competing in various games, such as Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2, FIFA, Brawl Stars, World of Tanks, Paladins, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, Clash of Clans, Apex Legends, Rainbow Six Siege, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, Fortnite, VALORANT, and League of Legends. NAVI's VALORANT team is currently a partnered member of VCT EMEA, while their MLBB division is a franchised team in MPL Indonesia and their League division is a franchised team in the League of Legends EMEA Championship (LEC).
Arnold Lunn
Sir Arnold Henry Moore Lunn (18 April 1888 – 2 June 1974) was a British skier, mountaineer and writer. He was knighted for "services to British Skiing and Anglo-Swiss relations" in 1952. His father was a lay Methodist minister, but Lunn was an agnostic and wrote critically about Catholicism before he converted to that religion at the age of 45 and became an apologist.

He was born in Madras, India and died in London aged 86.

Metaphysical naturalism
Metaphysical naturalism (also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism, or antisupernaturalism) is a philosophical worldview that holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences. Methodological naturalism is a philosophical basis for science, for which metaphysical naturalism provides only one possible ontological foundation. Broadly, the corresponding theological perspective is religious naturalism or spiritual naturalism. More specifically, metaphysical naturalism rejects the supernatural concepts and explanations that are part of many religions.
John Hannigan
John Hannigan (1938/9 – 22 April 2014) was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for St Eunan's and the Donegal county team.

A versatile player, Hannigan began his career in midfield but played everywhere from corner back to corner-forward.

He played as corner forward in the final of the 1956 Ulster Minor Football Championship, which Donegal won.

He played 114 times for Donegal and made 27 Championship appearances between 1958 and 1973.

Hannigan played for Donegal in the 1964–65 National Football League semi-final against Kerry, scoring 1–0.

He won the 1972 Ulster Senior Football Championship with Donegal.

Hannigan managed Donegal in 1975 and 1976. He also pursued an interest in golf.

Hannigan died in Dublin aged 75 after suffering a heart attack in April 2014. Married to Claire, they had a son Damien and a daughter Adrianne. He is buried at Conwal Cemetery.

1964–65 National Football League (Ireland)
The 1964–65 National Football League was the 34th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.

Galway won the home competition with a win over Kerry in the final. The play-off with New York was now two-legged: the hosts won the first game with a last-minute point, but on Independence Day Galway won in a rout.
University of Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée
The Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, or commonly known as UPEM, was a French university, in the Academy of Créteil. The main campus was located at Champs-sur-Marne.  In 2020, UPEM merged with other facilities in the Descartes Campus to become Gustave Eiffel University.

Champs-sur-Marne
Champs-sur-Marne (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃ syʁ maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Fields-on-Marne') is a commune in the eastern outer suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 18.2 km (11.3 mi) from the centre of Paris, on the left bank of the Marne, in the Seine-et-Marne department (on the departmental border with Seine-Saint-Denis) in the Île-de-France region.

The commune of Champs-sur-Marne, famous for its château, is part of the Val Maubuée area, one of the four sectors in the "new town" of Marne-la-Vallée.
Grenzchopf
The Grenzchopf (2,193 m [7,195 ft]) is a mountain of the Appenzell Alps, overlooking the Schwägalp Pass on the border between the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and St. Gallen.

Located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Säntis, the Grenzchopf is one of the highest summits of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is also its southernmost point of this canton.

Canton of St. Gallen
The canton of St. Gallen or St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen [zaŋkt ˈɡalən] ⓘ; Romansh: Chantun Son Gagl; French: Canton de Saint-Gall; Italian: Canton San Gallo) is a canton of Switzerland. Its capital is St. Gallen.

Located in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Manny Perry
Manny Perry is an American stunt coordinator and stuntman. He has performed in dozens of films including Armageddon, Con Air, and The Mighty Ducks. He played the role of Big Jim Slade in Kentucky Fried Movie. He has also had acting roles as a policeman in the TV series 24 and a terrorist henchman in the Jean-Claude Van Damme movie Sudden Death.

Armageddon (1998 film)
Armageddon is a 1998 American science fiction disaster film directed by Michael Bay and co-produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. The film follows a group of blue-collar deep-core drillers sent by NASA to destroy a gigantic asteroid, which is the size of Texas, on a collision course with Earth. It stars an ensemble cast including Bruce Willis with Billy Bob Thornton, Liv Tyler, Ben Affleck, Will Patton, Peter Stormare, Keith David, Owen Wilson, William Fichtner and Steve Buscemi.

The film released on July 1, 1998 by Buena Vista Pictures through its Touchstone Pictures label. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, Armageddon was a commercial success, grossing $553.7 million worldwide against a $140 million budget, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1998, and the highest-grossing film to be released by Touchstone Pictures.
RV Le Suroît
RV Le Suroît is a French research vessel operated by IFREMER. In 1985, it was involved in the successful Franco-American expedition to find the wreck of the RMS Titanic.

Since being refurbished in 1999, the vessel is able to undertake bathymetric and seismic research, as well as coring, dredging, and trawling tasks.

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Sixten Isberg
Sixten Isberg (February 8, 1921 – June 10, 2012) was a Swedish alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics and in the 1952 Winter Olympics. He was the Swedish slalom champion in 1941, 1945, and 1949.

He was born in Åre and competed for Åre SLK, a slalom club which has fostered many Swedish champions.

In 1948 he finished tenth in the alpine skiing slalom event and 30th in the downhill competition.

In 1952 he finished 30th in the giant slalom and 34th in the downhill competition.

Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics – Men's downhill
The men's alpine skiing downhill event was part of the alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event and the competition was held on Monday, 2 February 1948.

One hundred and eleven alpine skiers from 25 nations competed. Henri Oreiller of France won the first of his two gold medals at these Olympics; he also won the combined and won a bronze medal in slalom.
264 Libussa
264 Libussa is a Main belt asteroid that was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on 22 December 1886, in Clinton, New York and was named after Libussa, the legendary founder of Prague. It is classified as an S-type asteroid.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico, in 2008 gave an asymmetrical, bimodal light curve with a period of 9.2276 ± 0.0002 hours and a brightness variation of 0.33 ± 0.03 in magnitude. Observation from the W. M. Keck Observatory show an angular size of 57 mas, which is close to the resolution limit of the instrument. The estimated maximum size of the asteroid is about 66 ± 7 km. It has an asymmetrical shape with a size ratio of more than 1.22 between the major and minor axes.

Between 2005 and 2021, 264 Libussa has been observed to occult five stars.

Occultation
An occultation is an event that occurs when one object is hidden from the observer by another object that passes between them. The term is often used in astronomy, but can also refer to any situation in which an object in the foreground blocks from view (occults) an object in the background. In this general sense, occultation applies to the visual scene observed from low-flying aircraft (or computer-generated imagery) when foreground objects obscure distant objects dynamically, as the scene changes over time.

If the closer body does not entirely conceal the farther one, the event is called a transit. Both transit and occultation may be referred to generally as occlusion; and if a shadow is cast onto the observer, it is called an eclipse.

The symbol for an occultation, and especially a solar eclipse, is  (U+1F775 🝵).
Little native mouse
The little native mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus), also known as the delicate mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. The Kunwinjku people of western Arnhem Land call this little creature kijbuk.

It is found in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Papua New Guinea.

Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are either the largest or second-largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.

The name Muridae comes from the Latin mus (genitive muris), meaning "mouse", since all true mice belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus Mus.
Sharanjit Singh Dhillon
Sharanjit Singh Dhillion (born 18 April 1953) is a member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He represents the Sahnewal, Ludhiana constituency of Punjab and was irrigation minister in ruling SAD-BJP government of Punjab from 2012 to 2017.

Sahnewal
Sahnewal is a city and a municipal council in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the hometown of the popular Deol family of Bollywood and the birthplace of Sunny Deol. Ludhiana Airport is located near Sahnewal and provides civil and defense flights.
Eleutherodactylus pinchoni
Eleutherodactylus pinchoni is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Guadeloupe and known from the Basse-Terre. Common name Grand Cafe robber frog has been coined for it (type locality is near "Grand Café").

Eleutherodactylidae
The Eleutherodactylidae are a family of direct-developing frogs native to northern South America, the Caribbean, and southernmost North America. They are sometimes known under the common name rain frogs. Formerly the subfamily Eleutherodactylinae of the family Leptodactylidae, it was raised to the family status following a major revision of New World direct-developing frogs in 2008. As currently defined, the family has more than 200 species (as of 2014, 206 or 207 species).

Eleutherodactylid frogs vary considerably in size, from the minuscule Eleutherodactylus iberia (female snout–vent length 10.5 mm (0.41 in)) to the relative giant E. inoptatus (female snout–vent length 88 mm (3.5 in)). Except for the ovoviviparous E. jasperi, these frogs have direct development:  no free-living tadpole stage exists; instead, eggs develop directly into small froglets.
Murder Among Friends (1982 film)
Murder Among Friends is a 1982 made for television British film directed by David Greene and starring Leslie Nielsen and Sally Kellerman.

A "farcical mystery", it was originally written by Bob Barry for the New York stage in 1975.  The stage production debuted on Broadway's Biltmore Theater and starred Janet Leigh and Jack Cassidy.  Debuting on December 28, 1975, it ran for seventeen performances, closing on January 10, 1976.  It received mixed reviews.

Jack Cassidy
John Joseph Edward Cassidy (March 5, 1927 – December 12, 1976) was an American actor, singer and theatre director. He received multiple Tony Award nominations and a win, as well as a Grammy Award, for his work on the Broadway production of the musical She Loves Me. He also received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. He was the father of teen idols David Cassidy and Shaun Cassidy.
Charles Wilson (fencer)
Charles Albert Wilson (3 September 1864 – 22 January 1950) was a British fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was a three times British fencing champion, winning the sabre title at the British Fencing Championships in 1904, 1905 and 1906.

British Fencing Championships
The British Fencing Championships are held annually to determine the British champion. The Championships are currently held at the English Institute of Sport, Sheffield or the Lee Valley Athletics Centre. These championships (known as the Nationals) are not to be confused with a new Championship introduced in 2023 called the British Open Championships, where any athlete can compete and are not restricted to British athletes.

The championships were not held during World War I, World War II and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Use-of-money principle
The use-of-money principle, also written as the use of money principle, is a principle invoked in the context of taxation in the United States (generally federal taxation, though many U.S. states also use a similar framework), that states that the government can charge interest for unpaid tax only if the government did not have use of that tax money (i.e., continuous possession of the money). In other words, interest can only be charged on the amount of tax that is both due and unpaid, regardless of whether the taxpayer has fulfilled other obligations, such as filing a tax return. The interpretation that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS, the agency that handles federal taxation) has for this is described in Revenue Ruling 99-40 of the Internal Revenue Manual, that uses the term "use of money". The corresponding statutory guidance is in Section 6601(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Internal Revenue Code
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC), is the domestic portion of federal statutory tax law in the United States. It is codified in statute as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRC is organized topically into subtitles and sections, covering federal income tax in the United States, payroll taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, and excise taxes; as well as procedure and administration. The Code's implementing federal agency is the Internal Revenue Service.
1920 Texas gubernatorial election
The 1920 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1920 in order to elect the Governor of Texas. Former Democratic state representative Pat Morris Neff won comfortably in a four-way race against Republican nominee J. G. Culbertson, American Party of Texas nominee T. H. McGregor, and Black and Tan Republican nominee Hickerson Capers.

McLennan County, Texas
McLennan County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in Central Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 260,579. Its county seat and largest city is Waco. The U.S. census 2024 county population estimate is 270,358. The county is named for Neil McLennan, an early Scottish settler in frontier Texas. McLennan County is included in the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Chesapeake and Ohio 490
Chesapeake and Ohio 490 is the sole survivor of the L-1 class 4-6-4 "Hudson" type steam locomotives. It was built by ALCO's Richmond works in 1926 as an F-19 class 4-6-2 "Pacific" type to be used to pull the Chesapeake and Ohio's secondary passenger trains. It was eventually rebuilt in 1946 to become a streamlined 4-6-4 for the C&O's Chessie streamliner.

After the Chessie was cancelled, No. 490 remained in secondary passenger service, until it was retired in 1953. It spent several years in storage in Huntington, West Virginia, until 1968, when it was donated to the B&O Railroad Museum in Baltimore, Maryland. It remains on static display at the museum, as of 2026.

Passenger
A passenger is a person who travels in a vehicle, but does not bear any responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination or otherwise operate the vehicle, and is not a steward. The vehicles may be bicycles, buses, cars, passenger trains, airliners, ships, ferryboats, personal watercraft, all terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, and other methods of transportation.

Crew members (if any), as well as the driver or pilot of the vehicle, are usually not considered to be passengers. For example, a flight attendant on an airline would not be considered a passenger while on duty and the same with those working in the kitchen or restaurant on board a ship as well as cleaning staff, but an employee riding in a company car being driven by another person would be considered a passenger, even if the car was being driven on company business.
MFONE
MFONE was the tag of Daniel Montano. He was an American best known for his graffiti who died on June 10, 2017, from a heroin overdose at the age of 31. He had been using Vicodin, Xanax, cocaine, heroin and marijuana for 15 years. He was active in Pittsburgh in the mid and late 2000s.  At the peak of his tagging activity, he was considered to be "the most notorious tagger in (Pittsburgh) history." According to the police, he was the most prolific graffiti writer in the city's history, having replaced Mook in local graffiti folklore. His graffiti activities are alleged to have caused up to $713,801 in damage.

A member of the Pittsburgh Police's Graffiti Task Force said "Montano has real talent; he's an artist. These other guys are copycats. But they're all vandals." MFONE's artistry was so well-respected that subsequent taggers have been referred to in the media as "no Daniel Montano."

Tag (graffiti)
Tags are one of the primary forms of modern graffiti, along with throw ups and pieces. The act of writing a tag is known as tagging. Tags are often thought of as the simplest form of graffiti art, prioritizing flow and style, and are the form that most artists start with. Tags, perhaps due to their simplicity, are more likely to be considered vandalism than other more elaborate graffiti styles. Tags are an artist signature and vary through uniqueness and methods.
María Jesús Wulf
María Jesús Wulf Le May (born 13 February 1990) is a Chilean sociologist and politician, and a member of the Republican Party of Chile. Her career has focused on civil society organizations, foundations linked to gremialism, and public policy program design. In January 2026, she was nominated as Minister of Social Development and Family by president-elect José Antonio Kast, a position she is set to assume on 11 March 2026.

Ministry of Social Development and Family
The Ministry of Social Development and Family (Spanish: Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia) is a government ministry in Chile, established during Sebastián Piñera's first presidency (2006–2010) to replace the Ministry of Planning (1990–2011).