hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ministerial discretion (Canadian law)
The idea of ministerial discretion, when employed in Canadian statute law, means the power of a Crown minister to vary or alter the decisions of their bureaucrats, one of their Committees, or one of their Boards. The idea derives from the laws of the United Kingdom, of which Canada, under the rubric of British North America, once was part. The term needs to be written into the statute, as for example in section 51 of the Canadian Oil and Gas Operations Act:

The Governor in Council may at any time, in his discretion, either on petition of any interested person or of his own motion, vary or rescind any decision or order of the Committee made under this Act, whether the order is made between parties or otherwise and any order that the Governor in Council makes with respect thereto becomes a decision or order of the Committee and, subject to section 52, is binding on the Committee and on all parties.

King-in-Council
The King-in-Council or the Queen-in-Council, depending on the gender of the reigning monarch, is a constitutional term in a number of states. In a general sense, it refers to the monarch exercising executive authority, usually in the form of approving orders, on the advice of the country's privy council or executive council.

In countries where the reigning monarch is represented by a viceroy, derivative terms are used instead, such as Governor in Council or Lieutenant Governor in Council.
Tomas Backman
Tomas Backman (born 1980) is a Swedish football player who plays for Tenhults IF. Prior to that, he has played for Kubbe/Norrflärke IF, Anundsjö IF, Friska Viljor FC, Djurgårdens IF, GIF Sundsvall and Östers IF. He joined Öster in 2006 on a loan contract from Djurgården. After his spell in Östers IF, he chose to play for Jönköpings Södra IF in early 2007. He primarily plays as a full back but can also play as a midfielder.

Anundsjö IF
Anundsjö IF is a Swedish football club located in Bredbyn outside Örnsköldsvik. The club, formed in 1921, is currently playing in the fourth highest Swedish league, Division 2. The club is affiliated to the Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund.
Fly Union
Fly Union (sometimes stylized as Fly.Union) were an American hip hop group from Columbus, Ohio. The group consists of production duo MnkeyWrench (Iyeball and Jay Swifa) and rapper Jerreau. Rapper Vada Azeem was also a founder and member of the collective before leaving the group in 2008. They are most notable for their debut studio album, TGTC (The Greater Than Club), which reached the number one spot on iTunes' New Hip Hop chart in 2011.

Naledge
Jabari Miles Evans, better known by his stage name Naledge, is an American rapper and one half of the hip-hop duo Kidz in the Hall. He is also an assistant professor of Race and Media at the University of South Carolina in School of Journalism and Mass Communication. In 2012, Naledge created a company, a platform for local artists to share their work.
Borman
Borman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Danleigh Borman (born 1985), South African soccer player

Frank Borman (1928–2023), American astronaut
The Frank Borman Expressway in Indiana named after him

Geoffrey D. Borman, American quantitative methodologist and policy analyst

Moritz Borman, film producer

Paul D. Borman (born 1939), American federal judge

Terry Borman, American luthier (violin maker)

Geoffrey D. Borman
Geoffrey D. Borman is an American quantitative methodologist and policy analyst.  He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1997 and is currently the Alice Wiley Snell Endowed Professor at Arizona State University, director of the Arizona State University Education Sciences Graduate Program, and editor of Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.
Nebush Nunatak
Nebush Nunatak (Bulgarian: нунатак Небуш, ‘Nunatak Nebush’ \'nu-na-tak 'ne-bush\) is the mostly ice-free rocky ridge extending 1.54 km in north-south direction and 1.1 km wide, rising to 913 m on the west side of Elgar Uplands in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It surmounts Nichols Snowfield to the west and its tributary Delius Glacier to the east. The vicinity was visited on 30 January 1988 by the geological survey team of Christo Pimpirev and Borislav Kamenov (First Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition), and Philip Nell and Peter Marquis (British Antarctic Survey).

British mapping in 1971. The feature is named after the megalithic monument of Nebush in Southwestern Bulgaria.

Elgar Uplands
The Elgar Uplands (69°39′S 70°43′W﻿ / ﻿69.650°S 70.717°W﻿ / -69.650; -70.717) are uplands rising to 1,900 metres (6,200 ft), between Tufts Pass to the north and Sullivan Glacier to the south, in the northern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. They were first photographed from the air and roughly mapped by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1937. They were remapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and from U.S. Landsat imagery of February, 1975. They were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Sir Edward Elgar, the English composer  (1857-1934).
PPIL2
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPIL2 gene.

This gene is a member of the cyclophilin family of peptidylprolyl isomerases. The cyclophilins are a highly conserved ubiquitous family, members of which play an important role in protein folding, immunosuppression by cyclosporin A, and infection of HIV-1 virions. This protein interacts with the proteinase inhibitor eglin c and is localized in the nucleus. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immunosuppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions.

In general, deliberately induced immunosuppression is performed to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant. Additionally, it is used for treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, or Crohn's disease. This is typically done using medications, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapheresis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for some other reasons (such as chemotherapy or HIV), is said to be immunocompromised.
T-42 super-heavy tank
The T-42 (also known as the TG-V) was a Soviet super-heavy tank project of the interwar period. It was developed in 1932 by the OKB-5 design bureau at Bolshevik Plant no. 232  under the direction of a German engineer-designer Edward Grote. Development did not advance past the stage of construction drawings and scale models. The design was passed over in favour of the T-35 project which was already at the prototype stage.

Obukhov State Plant
Obukhov State Plant (also known Obukhovski Plant, Russian: Государственный Обуховский Завод, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy Obukhovskiy Zavod)  is a major Russian metallurgy and heavy machine-building plant in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Saidate
Saidate is a town and rural commune in Chichaoua Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 6552 people living in 1163 households.

Chichaoua Province
Chichaoua (Arabic: إقليم شيشاوة) is a province in the Moroccan region of Marrakesh-Safi. Its population in 2004 was 378,932

The major cities and towns are:

Chichaoua

Sidi Zouine

Imintanut

Sid L Mukhtar
IEEE Communications Letters
IEEE Communications Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by the IEEE Communications Society since 1997 and covering communications technology. The editor-in-chief is Daniel Benevides da Costa (Technology Innovation Institute). According to the Journal Citation Reports, it has a 2022 impact factor of 4.1.

Technology Innovation Institute
The Technology Innovation Institute (TII) is an Abu Dhabi government funded research institution that operates in the areas of artificial intelligence, quantum computing, autonomous robotics, cryptography, advanced materials, digital science, directed energy, secure systems, and more recently also: biotechnology, renewable and sustainable energy, and propulsion and space. The institute is a part of the Abu Dhabi Government's Advanced Technology Research Council (ATRC).
DeCarlo
DeCarlo is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Angelo DeCarlo (1902–1973), American Mafioso

Art DeCarlo (1931–2013), American football player

Dan DeCarlo (1919–2001), American cartoonist

Joe DeCarlo (died 1928), American bootlegger of the Dallas crime family

Josie DeCarlo (1923–2012),  French-born model and wife of Dan DeCarlo

Mark DeCarlo (born 1962), American actor, television host and comedian

Michael DeCarlo, Canadian television director

Mike DeCarlo (born 1957), American comic book artist

Tommy DeCarlo (born 1965), American singer

Tony DeCarlo (1940–2018), American football and wrestling coach

Tony DeCarlo
Tony DeCarlo (July 12, 1940 – April 18, 2018) was an American football and collegiate wrestling coach. He served as the head football coach at John Carroll University from 1987 to 1998, compiling a record of 90–27–4.
Jonas Paukštė
Jonas Paukštė (born September 10, 2000) is a Lithuanian  professional basketball player for CB Zamora of the Spanish Primera FEB. Being 2.24 meters (7 ft 4 in) in height as of 2020, he is one of the tallest Lithuanian basketball players of all time (even surpassing Arvydas Sabonis and Žydrūnas Ilgauskas).

CB Zamora
Club Baloncesto Zamora, also known as Caja Rural CB Zamora for sponsorship reasons, is a basketball club based in Zamora, Castile and León that currently plays in Primera FEB, the second tier of Spanish basketball.
Iyad Makhlouf
Iyad Makhlouf  (Arabic: إياد مخلوف; born 21 January 1973), also known as Eyad Makhlouf, is a former major in the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate, a brother of Syrian businessman Rami Makhlouf and maternal cousin of former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

He is sanctioned by the European Union, US Treasury, and UK Treasury for violence against the civilian population during the Syrian civil war, and for helping Rami Makhlouf or the Syrian government evade sanctions.

Shortly after the Fall of Damascus in 2024, Makhlouf was injured in a shooting that killed his twin brother Ihab and his mother Ghada.

General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)
The General Intelligence Directorate (Arabic: إِدَارَةُ الْمُخَابَرَاتِ الْعَامَّةِ, romanized: ʾIdārat al-Mukhābarāt al-ʿAmmāh), also known as the General Security Directorate or Syrian GID, was the most important civil intelligence service of former Ba'athist Syria and played an important role of suppressing the people of Syria for the government's interests. The General Intelligence Directorate conducted an oppressive surveillance of the Syrian population, directed foreign intelligence and monitored activities in Lebanon on behalf of Hezbollah until its dissolution in December 2024.
Islamic Centre for Development of Trade
Islamic Centre for Development of Trade (ICDT; Arabic: المركز الاسلامي لتنمية التجارة; French: Centre islamique pour le développement du commerce CIDC) is an intergovernmental organization and one of the seven subsidiary organs of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation entrusted with the promotion of trade, economic development and commercial cooperation in public and private sectors across the 57 member states.

It plays a regular role in trade exchange and investment mechanism focused on economy promotion in the member states. It also maintains an environment support for its associated nations in obtaining access to global marketing, in addition to conducting negotiation with other international organisations, groups and enterprises in the field of trade.

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation founded in 1969. It has 57 members. 49 of the member countries have a Muslim majority although two of them namely, Guinea-Bissau and Cote d'Ivoire, have less than 50% Muslim population. Cameroon, Benin, Mozambique, Togo, Uganda, Suriname, Gabon, and Guyana are the full members with Christian majority populations.

The collective population of OIC member states is over 2.04 billion as of 2025.
Japanese ship Kashima
Kashima is the name used by three Japanese ships:

Japanese battleship Kashima, a Katori-class pre-dreadnought battleship operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1906 to 1924

Japanese cruiser Kashima, a Katori-class light cruiser operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1940 until 1947

JDS Kashima (TV-3508), a training vessel operated by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force from 1995 to present

Japanese battleship Kashima
Kashima (鹿島 (戦艦), Kashima (senkan)) was the second ship of the two Katori-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the first decade of the 20th century, the last to be built by British shipyards. Ordered just before the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the ship was completed a year after its end. She saw no combat during World War I, although the ship was present when Japan joined the Siberian Intervention in 1918. Kashima was disarmed and scrapped in 1923–1924 in accordance with the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922.
Fort Gaines Historic District
The Fort Gaines Historic District in Fort Gaines, Georgia, is a 300 acres (1.2 km2) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It is roughly bounded by the Chattahoochee River, GA 37, GA 39, College, Commerce and Jefferson Streets. It includes Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Neo-Classical Revival architecture., It includes the Clay County Courthouse.

It included 327 contributing buildings.

The NRHP nomination stated:

Fort Gaines is a good intact example of a frontier Georgia town planned and developed in the nineteenth century for a combination of military, political, and commercial purposes. It is historically significant in the areas of exploration and settlement, military history, community planning and development, architecture, landscape architecture, commerce, industry, transportation, politics and government, and historic archaeology.

Georgia State Route 37
State Route 37 (SR 37) is a 153.6-mile-long (247.2 km) state highway that travels west-to-east through portions of Clay, Calhoun, Baker, Mitchell, Colquitt, Cook, Berrien, Lanier, and Clinch counties in the southwestern and south-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects the Alabama state line west of Fort Gaines to the Homerville area, via Newton, Camilla, Moultrie, Adel, and Lakeland. The highway actually serves as the eastern terminus of a long multi-state route that starts in Mississippi and goes through Alabama.
Torneo Plácido Galindo
The Torneo Plácido Galindo was a knockout competition played by 42 football teams. It was held between the 1989-I and 1989-II regional championships, during the participation of the Peruvian national team in the 1989 Copa América and later in the qualifiers for the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, and featured the clubs of the 1989 Primera División. Defensor Lima won the tournament and qualified for the Regional II's Liguilla Playoffs of the 1989 Torneo Descentralizado. The tournament was named in honor of Peruvian player, international, coach, and football official Plácido Galindo.

Plácido Galindo
Plácido Reynaldo Galindo Pando (9 March 1906 – 22 October 1988) was a Peruvian football midfielder who played for Peru in the 1930 FIFA World Cup, where he also became the first ever player sent off in a World Cup match. He also was a player, manager and president of Universitario de Deportes.
Bandla
Bandla (Telugu: బండ్ల) is a Telugu surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bandla Ganesh, Indian actor and director

Bandla Krishna Mohan Reddy (born 1967), Indian politician

Sirisha Bandla (born 1988), Indian-American astronaut

Bandla Ganesh
Bandla Ganesh, also known as Ganesh, is an Indian actor and film producer of Telugu Cinema. In 2009, he ventured into film production with the film, Anjaneyulu under his production company, Parameswara Art Productions.

At the age of six, Ganesh settled in Shadnagar. His father was a poultry farmer. Ganesh was first inspired to act by Pawan Kalyan's appearance in 1998's Suswagatham. Ganesh started his career as a comedian in Telugu industry, mainly in Puri Jaggannadh's films.

Bandla Ganesh produced the film Gabbar Singh, which was a commercial success.
Mount Pleasant station (Iowa)
Mount Pleasant station is an Amtrak intercity train station in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad built the pressed brick depot in 1912. The contractors were J. Louis Whitney and K.A. Bergdah, two prominent Mt. Pleasant builders at that time. Using funds received under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Amtrak installed a new wheelchair lift and enclosure at the station in 2010.

The Mount Pleasant station has a waiting area and lobby open to the public 365 days a year. There is no ticket office or baggage in Mount Pleasant.

Mount Pleasant is also served by intercity buses from Burlington Trailways. However, the intercity bus stop is located 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Mount Pleasant station, at the Heidelburg Motel at 2005 East Washington Street.

Burlington Trailways
Burlington Trailways was an intercity bus company based in West Burlington, Iowa.

After 96 years of operations, Burlington announced it would cease scheduled intercity bus operations in September 2025, while shop services concluded all projects during December.
Lessona (surname)
Lessona is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alessandro Lessona (1891–1991), Italian politician and academic

Mario Lessona (1855–1911), Italian zoologist and malacologist

Michele Lessona (1823–1894), Italian zoologist

Alessandro Lessona
Alessandro Lessona (Rome, 9 September 1891 – Florence, 10 November 1991) was an Italian Fascist politician, Minister of the Colonies of the Kingdom of Italy from June 1936 to April 1937 and Minister of Italian Africa from April to November 1937.
South Africa men's national ice hockey team
The South Africa national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of South Africa. The team is controlled by the South African Ice Hockey Federation and has been a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) since 25 February 1937. As of 27 May 2024, South Africa is currently ranked 47th in the IIHF World Ranking and competes in Division III of the IIHF World Championships. South Africa is the only African-based team that competes in IIHF tournaments.

The current crest on the team jersey consists of a rhino, with the previous one being the crest of the National Sports Council or various iterations of the national flag.

IIHF World Ranking
The IIHF World Ranking is a ranking of the performance of the national ice hockey teams of member countries of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It is based on a formula giving points for each team's placings at IIHF-sanctioned tournaments over the previous four years. The ranking is used to determine seedings and qualification requirements for future IIHF tournaments. The United States' teams are ranked first in both men's and women's play. Russia's men team has more points overall in the men's rankings but is excluded from the list due to its ongoing suspension from IIHF competition.
Andre Franke
Andre Franke, born on 16 October 1978, is a geneticist, academic, and university professor. He is a Full W3 Professor of Molecular Medicine at the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, and a managing director at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology.

Franke is most known for his work on genetics, genome-wide association studies, microbiome, and internal medicine research. He integrates bioinformatics developments with novel technologies, chronic inflammatory diseases, and has studied the genetic architecture of different complex diseases and traits.

Geneticist
A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes or develop genetic technologies to aid in the pharmaceutical or and agriculture industries. Some geneticists perform experiments in model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, rodents or humans and analyze data to interpret the inheritance of biological traits. A basic science geneticist is a scientist who usually has earned a PhD in genetics and undertakes research and/or lectures in the field. A medical geneticist is a physician who has been trained in medical genetics as a specialization and evaluates, diagnoses, and manages patients with hereditary conditions or congenital malformations; and provides genetic risk calculations and mutation analysis.
Whitehall, LaSalle Parish, Louisiana
Whitehall is an unincorporated community located in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana, United States.

The community is at the intersection of U.S. 80, Louisiana Highway 8 and Louisiana Highway 460. The north end of Catahoula Lake lies four miles to the south.

Louisiana Highway 8
Louisiana Highway 8 (LA 8) is a state highway in Louisiana. It spans 156 miles (251 km) beginning at the Louisiana/Texas state line west of Leesville and ending at an intersection with U.S. Route 425 and LA 15 in Sicily Island.
Parka
A parka, along with the related anorak, is a type of coat with a hood, that may be lined with fur or fake fur. Parkas and anoraks are staples of Inuit clothing, traditionally made from caribou or seal skin, for hunting and kayaking in the frigid Arctic. Some Inuit anoraks require regular coating with fish oil to retain their water resistance. Parkas are typically longer, often extending to the thighs or knees. Anoraks are usually shorter than parkas, often hip-length, and are traditionally a pull-over jacket.

The words anorak and parka have been used interchangeably, but they are somewhat different garments. Strictly speaking, an anorak is a waterproof, hooded, pull-over jacket without a front opening, and sometimes drawstrings at the waist and cuffs, and a parka is a hip-length cold-weather coat, typically stuffed with down or very warm synthetic fiber, and with a fur-lined hood.

Down feather
The down of birds is a layer of fine feathers found under the tougher exterior feathers. Very young birds are clad only in down. Powder down is a specialized type of down found only in a few groups of birds. Down is a fine thermal insulator and padding, used in goods such as jackets, bedding (duvets and featherbeds), pillows and sleeping bags. The discovery of feathers trapped in ancient amber suggests that some species of non-avian dinosaur likely possessed down-like feathers.
Melissa (1964 TV series)
Melissa is a 1964 British thriller television series which originally aired in six parts on BBC 2 in 1964. It was shown under the umbrella title Francis Durbridge Presents, and was one of a number of serials written by Francis Durbridge during the period. It was remade in 1974 and again, with a script by Alan Bleasdale, in 1997.

Alan Bleasdale
Alan George Bleasdale (born 23 March 1946) is an English screenwriter, best known for social realist drama serials based on the lives of ordinary people. A former teacher, he has written for radio, stage and screen, and has also written novels. Bleasdale's plays typically represented a more realistic, contemporary depiction of life in Liverpool than was usually seen in the media.