hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rafael Arcangel Avalos Garcia
Rafael Arcangel Avalos Garcia is a Peruvian politician leader born in the city of Mala on October 24, 1919, province of Cañete, located in the southern region of the department of Lima. As one of the original members of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA) he was elected mayor for the district of Mala from 1945 to 1948. He later became General Secretary for the Federacion Nacional de Campesinos del Peru (FENCAP). On June 9, 1963, after the military coup d'état of 1962, he represented the department of Lima once more during the general elections in Peru. He was elected Diputado and became a congressman for the Congress of the Republic of Peru from 1963 to 1968.
He died on a Sunday, March 15, 2020, and was buried in El Parque del Recuerdo, Pachacamac, Peru.

1962 Peruvian coup d'état
The 1962 Peruvian coup d'état was promoted by the then Chief of the Joint Command of the Peruvian Armed Forces, General Ricardo Pérez Godoy, against the outgoing government of Manuel Prado Ugarteche for alleged irregularities in the electoral process of that year.
Hunan hand syndrome
Hunan hand syndrome (also known as "chili burn") is a temporary, but very painful, cutaneous condition that commonly afflicts those who handle, prepare, or cook with fresh or roasted chili peppers. It was first described in an eponymous case report in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1981.

It occurs when the phytochemical capsaicin, which can be present in very high concentrations in certain varieties of chili peppers (especially with superhot peppers such as ghost peppers or Carolina reapers), contacts cutaneous free nerve endings which are present in high density in finger tips. This triggers the release of substance P, which in turn causes a sensation of intense burning pain. Various treatments for Hunan Hand have been described, including soaking the affected fingers in lidocaine; milk or vinegar; or the use of local nerve blocks, gabapentin, or topical corticosteroids. Hunan hand can be prevented by wearing rubber gloves when handling chili peppers.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Thiers Foundation
The Thiers Foundation (Fondation Thiers) is a French institution which aims to help the early careers of promising young researchers. It is now based at 5 place du Chancelier-Adenauer in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

It has awarded grants to figures including Jean Tulard, Louis Gernet, André Aymard,  Marc Bloch, Charles Blondel, Jean Guitton, René Étiemble, Georges Bonnefoy, Daniel Villey, Maxime Chastaing, Maurice Duverger, Jacques Rancière, Daniel Defert, Michel Foucault, José Grosdidier de Matons, Pascal Ory, Pierre de Labriolle, Guy Pervillé, Lise Queffélec, Olivier Wieviorka, Pierre Nora, Marc Fumaroli, Dominique Janicaud, Jean Ebersolt, André Crépin and Émile Giraud.

Dominique Janicaud
Dominique Janicaud (French: [ʒaniko]; 14 November 1937 – 18 August 2002) was a French philosopher, known for his critical approach to the philosophy of Heidegger. He was the director of its Center for the History of Ideas at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis until 1998, when he was succeeded by André Tosel.
Sinotitinae
Sinotitinae is one of three subfamilies of the Dimeroceratidae; a member of the Goniatitida, an extinctorder of ammonoid cephalopods from the Paleozoic.

The two comprised genera, Sinutites and Sunites have broad, crescent shaped whorl sections, but one, Sinutites has a dorsal siphuncle while in the other, Sunites the siphuncle is ventral.

Goniatite
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later.
Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)
The Iranian intervention in Iraq has its roots in the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies, when the infrastructure of the Iraqi armed forces, as well as intelligence, were disbanded in a process called "de-Ba'athification" which allowed militias with close ties to Tehran to join the newly reconstituted army.

The intervention reached its peak following the advance of the Islamic State into northern Iraq in mid-2014. Iran began to provide military aid to counter the militant advance. Iran provided technical advisers to the Iraqi government and weapons to the Kurdish Peshmerga. Several sources, among them Reuters, believe that since mid-June 2014, Iranian combat troops are in Iraq, which Iran denies.

The Iraqi Shia militias Kata'ib Hezbollah ("Hezbollah Brigades") and Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq ("League of the Righteous"), funded and trained by Iran, fought alongside the Iraqi Army and Peshmerga in retaking territory from ISIL.

Samarra
Samarra (Arabic: سَامَرَّاء, Sāmarrāʾ) is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Saladin Governorate, 125 kilometers (78 mi) north of Baghdad. The modern city of Samarra was founded in 836 by the Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim as a new administrative capital and military base. In 2003 the city had an estimated population of 348,700. During the Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008), Samarra was in the "Sunni Triangle" of resistance.

The archeological site of Samarra still retains much of the historic city's original plan, architecture and artistic relics. In 2007, UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site.
Channel Zero (company)
2308740 Ontario Inc., doing business as Channel Zero, is an independent Canadian broadcasting and media group, which holds assets in television broadcasting and film distribution. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, with its main office in the Junction.

The Junction
The Junction is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is near the West Toronto Diamond, a junction of four railway lines in the area.  The neighbourhood was previously an independent city called West Toronto, that was also its own federal electoral district until amalgamating with the city of Toronto in 1909.  The main intersection of the area is Dundas Street West and Keele Street. The Stockyards is the northeastern quadrant of the neighbourhood.
Delplanqueia dilutella
Delplanqueia dilutella is a species of moth in the family Pyralidae. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in most of Europe (except Norway and Ukraine), east to Russia, Turkey, Iran and Mongolia.

The wingspan is 18–26 mm. 
The forewings are ferruginous-ochreous, more or less suffusedly mixed with dull crimson and sometimes in disc with blackish; costal half and sometimes a subbasal fascia suffusedly mixed with white; lines whitish, first dark-edged posteriorly, second on both sides; two black transversely placed discal dots; some indistinct blackish terminal dots. Hindwings fuscous or light fuscous, darker terminally. 
The larva isgreenish-grey, dorsally yellowish-tinged; dorsal and subdorsal lines darker; head and plate of 2 black: in silken galleries 
amongst Thymus

Adults are on wing from May to June in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Thymus serpyllum, Thymus drucei and Polygala species.

Polygala
Polygala is a large genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. They are commonly known as milkworts or snakeroots. The genus is distributed widely throughout much of the world in temperate zones and the tropics. The genus name Polygala comes from the ancient Greek "much milk", as the plant was thought to increase milk yields in cattle.
KZZK
KZZK (105.9 FM) is a regional mainstream rock radio station in the Quincy, Illinois Region owned by STARadio Corporation. As with most STARadio stations the studio is in Quincy, but the transmitter is in Missouri; the KZZK transmitter is located in New London, Missouri.

Quincy, Illinois
Quincy (/ˈkwɪnsi/ KWIN-see) is a city in Adams County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located on the Mississippi River, the population was 39,463 as of the 2020 census, down from 40,633 in 2010. The Quincy micropolitan area had 114,649 residents.

Known as Illinois's "Gem City", Quincy was a thriving transportation center as riverboats and rail service linked the city to many destinations west and along the river during the 19th century. It was Illinois' second-largest city, surpassing Peoria in 1870. The city has several historic districts, including the Downtown Quincy Historic District and the South Side German Historic District, which display the architecture of Quincy's many German immigrants from the late 19th century.
Gidney
Gidney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Gidney (1938–2019), English cricketer

Craig Laurance Gidney, American novelist and writer

Dirk Gidney (born 1952), Canadian rower

Francis Gidney (1890–1928), leader of the Scouting movement in the United Kingdom

Sir Henry Gidney (1873–1942), English research scholar and a lecturer in ophthalmology

Herbert Gidney (1881–1963), American athlete

Craig Laurance Gidney
Craig L. Gidney is an American speculative fiction novelist and short story writer. He is openly gay.

His works are known for mixing genres, containing elements of horror, fantasy, folklore, and magical realism. The collection Sea, Swallow Me features short stories in diverse settings and sub-genres, including queer historical fiction as well as speculative fiction. Gidney counts Octavia Butler and Toni Morrison among his influences. His work often incorporates research on the queer history of the Harlem Renaissance.
Gans zu Putlitz
The Gans Edle Herren zu Putlitz (Edle Herren = noble lords, until 1919 a title, it became a part of the official surname with the transformation of most noble titles into surname elements to be ignored at alphanumerical sorting) is a German noble family belonging to the Uradel ('ancient nobility') of the March of Brandenburg, and was one of the most influential families in the Prignitz region, especially during the Middle Ages. The first documentary reference to the family appears in the reign of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, in about 1178 with Johannes Gans, titled „baro“ (baron) in the text.

Uradel
Uradel (German: [ʔuːɐ̯ˈʔaːdl̩], German: "ancient nobility"; adjective uradelig or uradlig) is a genealogical term introduced in late 18th-century Germany to distinguish those families whose noble rank can be traced to the 14th century or earlier. The word stands opposed to Briefadel, a term used for titles of nobility created in the early modern period or modern history by letters patent. Since the earliest known such letters were issued in the 14th century, those knightly families in northern European nobility whose noble rank predates these are designated Uradel.

Uradel and Briefadel families are generally further divided into categories with their ranks of titles: adlig (untitled nobility), freiherrlich (baronial), gräflich (comital), fürstlich (princely) and herzoglich (ducal) houses. The latter two are also referred to as Hochadel (High Nobility).
2008 decisions of the Supreme Court of Japan
Following is an incomplete list of the 2008 Decisions of the Supreme Court of Japan.

The Supreme Court of Japan (最高裁判所 Saikō-Saibansho; called 最高裁 Saikō-Sai for short), located in Chiyoda, Tokyo is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Japanese constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It has the power of judicial review; that is, it can declare Acts of Diet and Local Assembly, and administrative actions, to be unconstitutional.

The court decided a total of 51 cases in 2008.

Supreme Court of Japan
The Supreme Court of Japan (最高裁判所, Saikō-Saibansho; called 最高裁, Saikō-Sai for short), located in Hayabusachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Japanese constitution and decide questions of national law. It has the power of judicial review, which allows it to determine the constitutionality of any law or official act.
Divya Deepa Charitable Trust
Divya Deepa Charitable Trust is an NGO established in Mysore, India which runs Kaliyuva Mane, an alternative school for the underprivileged children in and around Kenchalagudu village where it is situated.

The mission of the trust is to create a replicable model of educating out of system - opportunity deprived children.

Alternative school
An alternative school is an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional. Such schools offer a wide range of philosophies and teaching methods; some have political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, while others are more ad hoc assemblies of teachers and students dissatisfied with some aspect of mainstream or traditional education.

Some schools are based on pedagogical approaches differing from that of the mainstream pedagogy employed in a culture, while other schools are for gifted students, children with special needs, children who have fallen off the track educationally or expelled from their base school, children who wish to explore unstructured or less rigid systems of learning, etc.
Indian Creek (Des Moines River tributary)
Indian Creek is a stream in Humboldt County, Iowa, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Des Moines River.

Indian Creek was named after the Native Americans who once used the creek as their camping ground.

Humboldt County, Iowa
Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,597, and was estimated to be 9,617 in 2024. The county seat is Dakota City and the largest city is Humboldt. The county was created on January 15, 1851, re-created on February 26, 1857, and named in honor of Alexander von Humboldt.
The Very Best of the Imperials
The Very Best of the Imperials is a compilation album by American Christian music group the Imperials, released in late 1981 on DaySpring Records. It is a collection of the Imperials' best songs from the Russ Taff years 1976–1980, covering their four albums Sail On, Heed the Call, One More Song for You and Priority. The album also contains a never-before-released track "Same Old Fashioned Way" written and performed by baritone singer David Will recorded in 1976. It would later be featured on The Lost Album in 2006. The track is produced by recording artist-producer Gary S. Paxton. The album peaked at number two on the Billboard Top Inspirational Albums chart.

The Imperials
The Imperials was an American contemporary Christian music group. Originating as a southern gospel quartet, the innovative group would become pioneers of contemporary Christian music in the 1960s. There have been many changes for the band in membership and musical styles over the years. They would go on to win four Grammys, 15 Dove Awards, and be inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
Jacksonville Memorial Hospital
Jacksonville Memorial Hospital (JMH), formerly known as Passavant Area Hospital is located in Jacksonville, Illinois, and has served residents in the following counties since 1875: Morgan, Cass, Greene, Scott, Macoupin, and portions of Brown and northern Pike counties. Jacksonville Memorial Hospital is a twice-designated Magnet hospital and is also accredited by The Joint Commission.  Jacksonville Memorial Hospital has approximately 900 employees and a 70 physician medical staff, making it the largest employer in Jacksonville.

Jacksonville Memorial Hospital provides inpatient and outpatient services, including rehab and behavioral health services. JMH is an affiliate of Memorial Health System based in Springfield, Illinois.

Greene County, Illinois
Greene County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it has a population of 11,843. Its county seat is Carrollton.

A notable archaeological area, the Koster Site, has produced evidence of more than 7,000 years of human habitation. Artifacts from the site are displayed at the Center for American Archeology in Kampsville, Illinois.
BreadTube
BreadTube, also called LeftTube, is a loose and informal group of online personalities who create video content, including video essays and livestreams, from socialist, social democratic, communist, anarchist, and other left-wing perspectives. BreadTube creators generally post videos on YouTube that are discussed on other online platforms, such as Reddit. Many BreadTube content creators are crowdfunded, and their channels often serve as introductions to left-wing politics for young viewers. BreadTube creators align with collectivist modes of governance, while opposing the alt-right and far-right.

ContraPoints
Natalie Wynn (born October 21, 1988) is an American left-wing YouTuber, political commentator,  cultural critic. She is best known for her YouTube channel, ContraPoints, where she creates video essays exploring topics such as politics, gender, ethics, race, and philosophy.

Her videos often provide counterarguments to right-wing extremists and classical liberals. They comment on modern social issues such as class inequality, transgender rights (as well as LGBTQ rights on the whole), cancel culture, and modern internet culture. Her videos make use of set design, costumes, and characters. Wynn won a Streamy Award for "Commentary" in 2020 and was nominated in the same category at the 2021 Streamy Awards. In 2022, she became an honoree of a Peabody Award.
Scala!!!
Scala!!! Or, the Incredibly Strange Rise and Fall of the World's Wildest Cinema and How It Influenced a Mixed-up Generation of Weirdos and Misfits, or simply Scala!!!, is a 2023 British documentary film directed by Ali Catterall and Jane Giles.

The film is based on the Kraszna-Krausz award-winning 2018 book Scala Cinema 1978-1993 by Jane Giles, and documents the history of the Scala, a former cinema turned nightclub and live music venue in Pentonville Road, London, England, near King's Cross railway station.

Pentonville Road
Pentonville Road is a road in Central London that runs west to east from Kings Cross to City Road at The Angel, Islington. The road is part of the London Inner Ring Road and part of the boundary of the London congestion charge zone.

The road was originally built in the mid-18th century as part of the New Road, a bypass of Central London for coach traffic. It was named Pentonville Road after the new town of Pentonville, that encouraged manufacturing to move out of the city and into suburbia. Numerous factories and commercial premises became established on the road in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly after the arrival of London railways in the 1840s.

As industrial manufacturing fell out of favour in London in the late 20th century, many properties are now residential or student accommodation. Current premises include the Crafts Council Gallery on the site of a former chapel, the Scala nightclub in a former cinema, and The Castle, a public house.
Morris Simmonds
Morris Simmonds (14 January 1855, St. Thomas – 4 September 1925, Hamburg)  was a German physician and pathologist. He was born in St. Thomas, then part of the Danish West Indies (now the United States Virgin Islands). In 1861 he emigrated with his family to Hamburg, which was then an independent city.

In 1879 he received his doctorate from the University of Kiel, where he worked as an assistant to Arnold Ludwig Gotthilf Heller and Friedrich von Esmarch. In 1889 he began work as a prosector at St. Georg Hospital in Hamburg and in 1909 attained the title of professor. In 1919 he was named an honorary professor at the newly established University of Hamburg.

His special field of interest was the endocrine glands. His name is associated with "Simmonds' disease", defined as a form of hypopituitarism in which all pituitary secretions are lacking. In 1914 he was the first to describe the diseases' clinical features that were associated with destruction of the anterior lobe.

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
Alexander Bolomozhnov
Alexander Fyodorovich Bolomozhnov (Russian: Александр Фёдорович Боломожнов; born January 2, 1962) is a Soviet and Russian football player, defender.

In 1993, he played 21 Top League matches and one game in the Kazakhstan Cup for FC BGS (Aksay).

Kazakhstan Premier League
The Kazakhstan Professional Football League (Kazakh: Қазақстан Премьер Лигасы), commonly referred to as the Kazakh Premier League or simply the Premier League, is a professional association football league in Kazakhstan and the highest level of the Kazakh football league system.

The league is controlled by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan and was set up in 1992. The league is fed into by the First Division and starts in spring and finishes in late autumn because of the low temperatures in the winter, with each championship corresponding to a calendar year. The majority of matches have been played at weekends in recent seasons.
Lemberg, Moselle
Lemberg (French pronunciation: [lɛmbɛʁɡ]; Lorraine Franconian: Lembärsch) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

The village belongs to the Pays de Bitche and to the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park. As of the 2013 France census, the village's population is 1,483. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Lembergeois and Lembergeoises.

Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park
The Northern Vosges Regional Natural Park (French: Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord) is a protected area of woodland, wetland, farmland and historical sites in the Grand Est region in northeastern France. The area was officially designated as a regional natural park in 1976.

At its inauguration, the park covered 120,000 hectares (300,000 acres), but it has since grown to 130,500 hectares (322,000 acres).

The rich natural landscape has been added to the UNESCO list of international biosphere reserves.

Northern Vosges PNR does not include any of the Vosges Mountains but rather the foothills just north of them. Despite its name, no part of it lies in the department of Vosges but rather it spans two other departments, Bas-Rhin and Moselle.