hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mary de Vere
Mary de Vere (c. 1554 – 24 June 1624) was a 16th-century English noblewoman. The daughter of John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and his second wife Margery Golding, she married Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. The couple lived with their seven children in Grimsthorpe Castle in Lincolnshire. Following Bertie's death, Lady Willoughby married Sir Eustace Hart. She died on about 24 June 1624.

Grimsthorpe Castle
Grimsthorpe Castle is a country house in Lincolnshire, England 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Bourne on the A151. It lies within a 3,000 acre (12 km2) park of rolling pastures, lakes, and woodland landscaped by Capability Brown. While Grimsthorpe is not a castle in the strict sense of the word, its character is massive and martial – the towers and outlying pavilions recalling the bastions of a great fortress in classical dress. Grimsthorpe has been the home of the de Eresby family since 1516. The present occupant is the 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, granddaughter of Nancy Astor, who died at Grimsthorpe in 1964.
Carrier shift
In telecommunications, the term carrier shift has the following meanings:

In the transmission of binary or teletypewriter signals, keying in which the frequency of the carrier signal is shifted in one direction for marking signals and in the opposite direction for spacing signals.

In amplitude modulation, a condition that results from imperfect modulation in which the positive and negative excursions of the modulating envelope are unequal in amplitude.

Note 1:  The carrier shift results in a change in carrier power.

Note 2:  The carrier shift may be a shift to a higher or to a lower frequency.

This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Binary code
A binary code is the value of a data-encoding convention represented in a binary notation that usually is a sequence of 0s and 1s, sometimes called a bit string. For example, ASCII is an 8-bit text encoding that in addition to the human readable form (letters) can be represented as binary. Binary code can also refer to the mass noun code that is not human readable in nature such as machine code and bytecode.

Even though all modern computer data is binary in nature, and therefore can be represented as binary, other numerical bases may be used. Power of 2 bases (including hex and octal) are sometimes considered binary code since their power-of-2 nature makes them inherently linked to binary. Decimal is, of course, a commonly used representation. For example, ASCII characters are often represented as either decimal or hex. Some types of data such as image data is sometimes represented as hex, but rarely as decimal.
Van Kesteren
Van Kesteren is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from Kesteren"", Gelderland.  Notable people with the surname include:

Anne van Kesteren (born 1986), Dutch web standards expert

Dave Van Kesteren (born 1955), Canadian Conservative politician

Hans van Kesteren (1908–1998), Dutch football defender

Jeanne Van Kesteren (1907–?), Belgian javelin thrower

John van Kesteren (1921–2008), Dutch opera singer

Ton van Kesteren (born 1954), Dutch PVV politician

Anne van Kesteren
Anne van Kesteren is an open web standards author and open source contributor.  He has written and edits several web standards specifications including Fullscreen API, XMLHttpRequest, and URL. Formerly worked on standards issues as a software engineer at Opera Software, he started working at Mozilla on 2013-02-04. He was Mozilla’s representative on the WHATWG Steering Group. He was an elected participant in the W3C Technical Architecture Group (TAG) from 2013 to 2014.
Pareiorhaphis nasuta
Pareiorhaphis nasuta is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Doce River basin in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The type locality of the species is a small, shallow river with clear water, slow to moderate current, and a rocky substrate. It is also found in rapids, with larger individuals of the species occurring in faster-flowing areas. The species reaches 9.5 cm (3.7 inches) in standard length, is known to be sexually dimorphic, and is believed to be a facultative air-breather.

Rapids
Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. Flow, gradient, constriction, and obstacles are four factors that are needed for a rapid to be created.
Freight claim
A freight claim or cargo claim is a legal demand by a shipper or consignee against a carrier in respect of damage to a shipment, or loss thereof.

Typically, the claimant will seek damages (financial compensation for loss), but other remedies include "specific performance", where the cargo-owner seeks delivery of the goods as agreed. At common law, any carrier has a duty to act with reasonable despatch. A "common carrier" may have strict liability,  but normally the standard of care is only one of "due diligence", or acting "properly and carefully".

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Pterostylis striata
Pterostylis striata, commonly known as the mainland striped greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern mainland Australia. As with similar orchids, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but the flowering plants have a single flower with leaves on the flowering spike. This greenhood has a white flower with prominent dark green stripes and a brown-tipped dorsal sepal with a thread-like tip. Mainland striped greenhoods were formerly described as Pterostylis alata but that species is now recognised as a Tasmanian endemic.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
De Borgia Schoolhouse
De Borgia Schoolhouse is a two-story wood-frame school located in De Borgia, Montana, United States which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1979.  Constructed in 1908, the schoolhouse was the first two-story building built in the West End of Mineral County and is the only building now standing in De Borgia to survive the Great Fire of 1910.  The school closed in 1956, becoming a community center for the town.

De Borgia, Montana
De Borgia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, Montana, United States. The population was 91 at the 2020 census.

The town derives its name from the St. Regis River, which was named after Saint Regis DeBorgia, a Catholic missionary. The post office was established in 1900.
Dollwen
Dollwen is a hamlet in the community of Melindwr, Ceredigion, Wales, which is 72.1 miles (116 km) from Cardiff and 173.6 miles (279.4 km) from London. Dollwen is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.
Río Cachirí Group
The Río Cachirí Group (Spanish: Grupo Río Cachirí, PZc) is a geological group of the Cesar-Ranchería Basin, Colombia and the Serranía del Perijá of the northernmost Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. The group of shales, sandstones and limestones is of Devonian age and has a maximum thickness in the Venezuelan section of 2,438 metres (7,999 ft). The group contains abundant fauna; crinoids, bryozoa, brachiopods and molluscs have been found in the group.

Serranía del Perijá
The Serranía del Perijá, Cordillera de Perijá or Sierra de Perijá [pe.ɾi.ˈxa] is a mountain range, an extension of the eastern Andean branch (Cordillera Oriental), in northern South America, between Colombia and Venezuela, ending farther north in the Guajira Desert, a distance of about 310 kilometres (190 mi). It separates the Maracaibo Basin from the Cesar-Ranchería Basin. Some of the area has been considered as a Flora and Fauna Sanctuary.
Pierre Manent
Pierre Manent (French: [manɑ̃]; born 6 May 1949) is a French political scientist and academic. He teaches political philosophy at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, in the Centre de recherches politiques Raymond Aron. Every autumn, he is also a visiting teacher in Boston College at the Department of Political Science.

After graduating from the École normale supérieure, he became assistant to Raymond Aron at the Collège de France. He was one of the founders of the quarterly Commentaire and remains a regular contributor.

Manent is a key figure in contemporary French political philosophy and his work has helped the rediscovery of the French liberal tradition. A eurosceptic and a classical liberal, he has been called by The Weekly Standard "the most profound of the Euroskeptical philosophers".

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
2011 Kenyan Super Cup
The 2011 Kenyan Super Cup was the third edition of the tournament. The Kenyan football match, played on 20 February 2011, saw Ulinzi Stars, the 2010 Kenyan Premier League winners, face off against Sofapaka, the 2010 FKL Cup winners.

Sofapaka won the match 1-0 for their second consecutive title.

Sofapaka F.C.
Sofapaka Football Club (Sofapaka: Sote kama Familia kwa Pamoja Kuafikia Azimio – Kiswahili: We as a Family together to achieve a goal) is a football club, based in CHEBUNYO, BOMET COUNTY. They play their home games at the Chebunyo  stadium (also Known as jurists stadium).
Jeremy Asher
Jeremy Benjamin Gerald Asher (born 16 July 1958) is an English businessman and company director. He has been the chairman of Agile Energy Ltd since 2005. He has also chaired Tower Resources plc since 2011 and is senior independent director at Block Energy plc, both oil and gas exploration companies listed on the London Alternative Investment Market. In recent years he also served as a director of Tel Aviv Stock Exchange-listed Oil Refineries Ltd; London-listed Gulf Keystone Petroleum; Better Place, a venture-backed private firm providing infrastructure and services for the mass deployment of electric vehicles; and of Pacific Drilling SA, a company on the New York Stock Exchange that owns and operates ultra-deepwater drillships.

BAZAN Group
BAZAN Group (BAZAN, Hebrew: בז"ן – בתי זיקוק לנפט בע"מ), formerly Oil Refineries Ltd. (ORL), is an oil refining and petrochemicals company located in Haifa Bay, Israel.  It operates the largest oil refinery in the country. ORL has a total oil refining capacity of approximately 9.8 million tons of crude oil per year with a Nelson complexity index of 9. ORL provides a variety of products used in industrial operations, agriculture and transportation. ORL is Israel's largest integrated refining and petrochemical facility. The company also provides storage and transportation services for oil fuel products, as well as electricity and steam to industrial customers in the region.

The company is traded in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange under the symbol ORL. Until 2020, it was a component of the Tel Aviv 35 Index.
Van Sickle
Van Sickle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bruce Van Sickle (1917–2007), American judge

Chad Van Sickle (born 1977), American boxer

Clyde Van Sickle (1907–1995), American football player

Frederick L. Van Sickle (born 1943), American judge

Hank Van Sickle (born 1961), American musician

James Hixon Van Sickle (1852–1926), American educator

Neil D. Van Sickle (1915–2019), United States Air Force general

Robert E. Van Sickle (born 1977), United States Army Sergeant, MMA fighter

Robert L. Van Sickle (1955–2007), United States Marine Corps Sergeant

Hank Van Sickle
Hank Van Sickle (born December 31, 1961, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American electric and upright bassist, best known for the blues rock band John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers. He is currently living in Southern California.
Flex (Mad Cobra song)
"Flex" is a song co-written and performed by Jamaican dancehall recording artist Mad Cobra, issued as the first single from his sixth studio album, Hard to Wet, Easy to Dry (1992), by Columbia Records. It is his only song to appear on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 13 in January 1993. It also peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart and on Canada's The Record singles chart.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Taschereau, Quebec
Taschereau (French pronunciation: [taʃʁo]) is a municipality in northwestern Quebec, Canada in the Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality. It covers 246.97 km2 and had a population of 898 as of the Canada 2021 Census.

The municipality was incorporated on December 27, 2001, when the Village Municipality of Taschereau and the Municipality of Taschereau were amalgamated. It is named after Louis-Alexandre Taschereau.

Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality
Abitibi-Ouest Regional County Municipality (French pronunciation: [abitibi wɛst], Abitibi West) is a regional county municipality located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec. Its seat is La Sarre.
Liesch
Liesch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Auguste Liesch (1874–1949), Luxembourgish politician, writer, and civil servant

Dannielle Liesch (born 1978), Australian synchronized swimmer

Auguste Liesch
Jean-Baptiste Auguste Liesch (18 August 1874 – 13 March 1949) was a Luxembourgish liberal politician, writer, and civil servant.

He held the positions of Director-General for Justice and Director-General for Public Works in the government of Émile Reuter from 28 September 1918 to 15 April 1921. A member of the Liberal League, Liesch resigned from the government along with Michel Welter in 1921 in order to hold to account the majority Party of the Right.

After his departure from the government, he served as the Inspector-General for Customs and Assizes until 1939.  On 23 January 1937, he was appointed to the Council of State of Luxembourg, in which he sat until 16 November 1945 (although only nominally for most of that period, due to the German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II).
Tieng Tiny
Tieng Tiny (born 9 June 1982) is a former Cambodian footballer who last played as a defender for Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng. He captained them to promotion from the Cambodian Second League in 2017. Regarded as one of his country's best defenders for the past few years, Tieng Tiny has been a regular for the Cambodia national team since his international debut in 2006. He joined Crown in 2008 after a season with Naga Corp, having previously signed on with Khemara and Phnom Penh Empire.

Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng FC
Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់ព្រះខ័នរាជស្វាយរៀង), also known as PKR Svay Rieng, is a professional football club based in Krong Svay Rieng, Svay Rieng province, Cambodia, that plays in the Cambodian Premier League. The club has won 4 league and 5 Hun Sen Cup titles. Its women's section plays in the Cambodian Women's League.
George Joyce (baseball)
George W. Joyce   (c. 1847 – November 9, 1895) was a professional baseball player, who played center field for the 1886 Washington Nationals. He played in one game for the Nationals that season and did not have an at-bat. It is not known whether he batted or fielded with either his left or right hand. Some games or websites list George Joyce as right-handed, however this is because of the lack of information on the player.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
2009 Montenegrin parliamentary election
Early parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 29 March 2009. In addition to elections for the unicameral Parliament of Montenegro, concurrent local elections were held in Nikšić and Budva, as well as municipal presidential elections in Herceg Novi and Tivat. The parliamentary elections were the eighth since the reintroduction of multi-party system in 1990, and the second since regaining full independence in 2006.

Nikšić
Nikšić (Cyrillic: Никшић, pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]), is Montenegro's second-largest city, with an urban population of 66,700 as of the 2023 census. It lies in the western region of the country, at the heart of the expansive Nikšić field, nestled at the base of Trebjesa Hill.

Nikšić serves as the administrative center of the Nikšić Municipality, which encompasses a population of 65,705 and spans the largest area among all Montenegrin municipalities. By territory, it was also the largest municipality in the former Yugoslavia. The city plays a key role as a hub for industry, education, and culture in the country.
Michael Backes
Michael Backes (born 7 January 1978) is a German professor of computer science. He is the founding director and CEO of the CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security. He is known for his work on formal methods, cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies.

Privacy-enhancing technologies
Privacy-enhancing technologies (PET) are technologies that embody fundamental data protection principles by minimizing personal data use, maximizing data security, and empowering individuals. PETs allow online users to protect the privacy of their personally identifiable information (PII), which is often provided to and handled by services or applications. PETs use techniques to minimize an information system's possession of personal data without losing functionality. Generally speaking, PETs can be categorized as either hard or soft privacy technologies.
TS postcode area
The TS postcode area, also known as the Cleveland postcode area, is a group of 29 postcode districts in northern England for ten post towns. These cover north-east North Yorkshire (post towns Middlesbrough, Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough and Yarm) and south-east County Durham (post towns Stockton-on-Tees, Hartlepool, Billingham, Wingate and Trimdon Station).

The letters in the postcode are derived from Teesside, giving rise also to the unofficial label Teesside postcode area.

Mail for the TS postcode area is processed at Tyneside Mail Centre in Gateshead, along with mail for the DH, DL, NE and SR postcode areas.

Deaf Hill
Deaf Hill is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated a short distance to the east of Trimdon Colliery. The origin of the name is not known. The alternative name for the village is Trimdon Station. 
Locally Deaf Hill is thought to have been originally called Death Hill, the name originating from a belief that if children were passed through the fork of a sycamore tree in the area they would be cured of diphtheria, however they died and the spot was called Death Hill. The name was changed as more people settled there.

According to Trimdon Snippets, "No one can really find out the origin of the word Deaf Hill. The nearest solution I think is when land did not yield much, it was called "deef" or dead (deed) land". The rising land behind the pit is called Sleepy Hill.
Teekkari
In Finland, "teekkari" (Swedish: teknolog) refers to students of institutes of technology. The term is also used for students of technical subjects in other universities and Bachelors of Science in Technology.

Student
A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution, or more generally, a person who takes a special interest in a subject.

In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementary schools are "pupils".
Massimo Strazzer
Massimo Strazzer (born 17 August 1969) is a former Italian professional cyclist. The highlight of his career came with his victory in the Points Classification at the 2001 Giro d'Italia. He retired from cycling in 2004.

Points classification in the Giro d'Italia
The points classification in the Giro d'Italia is one of the secondary classifications in the Giro d'Italia. It is determined by points awarded for placings in the daily stages, regardless of time gaps. From 1967 to 1969 the leader wore a red jersey (after the colors of the sponsor Dreher Breweries) but in 1970 it was changed to mauve, and named the maglia ciclamino (from Italian: mauve jersey), the name of the colour in Italian being derived from the alpine flower the cyclamen. The red jersey was re-introduced in 2010, as the maglia rosso passione. However, in April 2017 RCS Sport, the organisers of the Giro, announced that the maglia ciclamino would be revived for the 2017 Giro d'Italia.
Creation Evidence Museum
32°13′49″N 97°48′19″W﻿ / ﻿32.23028°N 97.80533°W﻿ / 32.23028; -97.80533

The Creation Evidence Museum of Texas, originally Creation Evidences Museum, is a creationist museum in Glen Rose in Somervell County in central Texas, United States. Founded in 1984 by Carl Baugh for the purpose of researching and displaying exhibits that support creationism, it portrays the Earth as six thousand years old and humans coexisting with non-avian dinosaurs, disputing that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old and non-avian dinosaurs became extinct 65.5 million years before human beings arose.

Somervell County, Texas
Somervell County is a county on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 9,205. Its county seat is Glen Rose. The county is named for Alexander Somervell, secretary of war for the Republic of Texas.

Somervell County is included in the Granbury micropolitan area.

The county contains the Comanche Peak Nuclear Generating Station, one of two nuclear power plants in Texas.