hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oberstabsgefreiter
Oberstabsgefreiter (German: [oːbɐˈʃtaːpsɡəˌfʁaɪ̯tɐ] ⓘ, abbreviated OStGefr, on lists OSG; "Senior Staff Gefreiter") was the highest enlisted rank in the German Bundeswehr before the new ranks Korporal and Stabskorporal were introduced in October 2021. The rank can be comparable to corporal in Anglophone armed forces.

Enlisted rank
An enlisted rank (also known as an enlisted grade or enlisted rate or enlisted man) is, in some armed services, any rank below that of a commissioned officer. The term can be inclusive of non-commissioned officers or warrant officers, except in United States military usage where warrant officers/chief warrant officers are a separate officer category ranking above enlisted grades and below commissioned officer grades. In most cases, enlisted service personnel perform jobs specific to their own occupational specialty, as opposed to the more generalized command responsibilities of commissioned officers.

The term "enlistment" refers solely to a military commitment (whether officer or enlisted) whereas the terms "taken on strength" and "struck off strength" refer to a service member being carried on a given unit's roll.
First Battle of Angostura
The First Battle of Angostura took place during the Venezuelan War of Independence. The battle saw Patriot forces attempt to capture the city of Angostura, but retreat after being unable to penetrate Spanish defenses.

Ciudad Bolívar
Ciudad Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað βoˈliβaɾ]; Spanish for "Bolivar City"), formerly known as Angostura and St. Thomas de Guyana, is the capital of Venezuela's southeastern Bolívar State. It lies at the spot where the Orinoco River narrows to about 1 mile (1.6 km) in width, is the site of the first bridge across the river, and is a major riverport for the eastern regions of Venezuela.

Historic Angostura gave its name to the Congress of Angostura, to the Angostura tree, to the House of Angostura, and to Angostura bitters. Modern Ciudad Bolívar has a well-preserved historic center; a cathedral and other original colonial buildings surround the Plaza Bolívar.
Mogotes de Jumagua
The Mogotes de Jumagua are a set of eight elevated limestone features (Spanish: Mogotes) in the Villa Clara Province of Cuba. They are located within the orographic group Heights of the Northwest in the center-north of the island of Cuba, two kilometers south-west from the city of Sagua la Grande.

The pinnacles are of Upper Cretaceous age and are fused to each other, presenting enormous caverns. They have great scientific interest due to the enormous concentration of flora and fauna in a relatively reduced area, forming an ecological small island.  Species in the area are vestige of the old primitive Cuban gold coast forests. It was listed as a nature reserve by the Cuban authorities, protecting an area of 4.79 km2 (1.85 sq mi).

Villa Clara Province
Villa Clara is one of the provinces of Cuba.  It is located in the central region of the island bordering on the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Matanzas Province to the west, Sancti Spiritus Province to the east, and Cienfuegos Province to the South. Villa Clara shares with Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus on the south the Escambray Mountain Range. Its main cities are Santa Clara (the capital), Remedios, Sagua La Grande, Camajuani, Caibarién, Ranchuelo, Placetas, and Manicaragua.
Love Is a Drug (Eskimo Joe song)
"Love is a Drug" is a song by Australian rock band Eskimo Joe. It was released in June 2011 as the second single from their fifth studio album titled Ghosts of the Past. The song peaked at number 38 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2011, the song was nominated for Best Video.

At the APRA Music Awards of 2012, the song was nominated for Rock Work of the Year.

Ghosts of the Past (album)
Ghosts of the Past is the fifth studio album by Australian rock band Eskimo Joe, released on 12 August 2011.

It is the band's first album to be released on their independent record label, Dirt Diamonds Productions. In an interview with the band, they described the album's sound as less polished than their previous album. Recording for the album began in late 2010 and finished in February 2011.

The first track to be released was "When We Were Kids". On 24 June 2011, the second single titled "Love is a Drug" was released.
Eastern Ore Mountains Nature Park
Eastern Ore Mountains (Czech: Východní Krušné Hory) is a nature park near Teplice, Czech Republic. The nature park was founded in 1995. It covers an area of 40 km2. The nature park is known for its diverse habitats, including peat bogs and mountain meadows. The nature park Eastern Ore Mountains lies in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Ore Mountains. It is part of the special protection area Východní Krušné Hory, which was founded in 2005, because of the population of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) and other endangered bird species within it.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a large deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-grey bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. It is native to much of Europe, growing in humid climates.

The species is cultivated as an ornamental. Although slightly toxic due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts are consumed by animals and humans. The trees are also used for timber.
Microstomidae
The Microstomidae are a family of small basal free-living flatworms (Macrostomida, Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes), and members of the marine, brackish, freshwater meiobenthos and plankton. There are currently about 40 named species in this family.

Rhabditophora
Rhabditophora (from rhabdito-, rhabdite + Greek -φορος [-phoros], bearer, i.e., "rhabdite bearers") is a subphylum (previously a class) of flatworms. It includes all parasitic flatworms (clade Neodermata) and most free-living species that were previously grouped in the now obsolete class Turbellaria. Therefore, it contains the majority of the species in the phylum Platyhelminthes, excluding only the catenulids, to which they appear to be the sister group.

The clade Rhabditophora was originally erected by Ulrich Ehlers in 1985 based on morphological analyses and its monophyly was later confirmed by molecular studies.
Corte (surname)
Corte is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cesare Corte (1554–1613), Italian painter of the Renaissance period

Enrico Corte (born 1963), Italian contemporary artist

Frank Corte Jr., U.S. businessman and politician

Valerio Corte (1530 –1580), Italian painter and alchemist of the Renaissance

Valerio Corte
Valerio Corte (Venice, 1530 – Genoa, 1580) was an Italian painter and alchemist of the Renaissance.

He was the father of the painter Cesare Corte, and is known to have been acquainted with Titian. He was a topic of the Rafaello Soprani. He travelled to France as a mercenary. He helped introduce Venetian painting styles, both by works and his work as an art merchant, to Genoa, where he befriended Luca Cambiaso. A few of his works are documented. He is said to have sold all his property to fund his research on alchemy and died a pauper in Genoa.
Matěj Stropnický
Matěj Stropnický (born 18 September 1983) is a Czech left-wing politician, journalist, actor and former leader of the Green party. His father is Martin Stropnický, actor and former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Stropnický came out as gay on 19 October 2017, stating he was in a relationship with actor Daniel Krejčík.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)
The minister of foreign affairs of the Czech Republic (Czech: Ministr zahraničních věcí České republiky) is a senior official of the Government of the Czech Republic, and as the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is concerned with foreign policy and foreign relations of the Czech Republic.

The minister of foreign affairs is appointed by the president after being nominated by the prime minister.

The minister of foreign affairs along with the finance minister, the minister of defence, and the minister of the interior are generally regarded as the four most important cabinet members because of the importance of their respective ministries.

The current minister of foreign affairs of the Czech Republic is Petr Macinka.
1964 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1964 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Democrat Philip H. Hoff ran successfully for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont, defeating Republican candidate Ralph A. Foote.

Philip H. Hoff
Philip Henderson Hoff (June 29, 1924 – April 26, 2018) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He was most notable for his service as the 73rd governor of Vermont from 1963 to 1969, the state's first Democratic governor since 1853.
Fame Is the Spur (TV series)
Fame Is the Spur is a British television mini-series consisting of 8 episodes which first aired on the BBC in 1982. It was based on the 1940 novel Fame Is the Spur by Howard Spring. It depicts a socialist politician who betrays his early beliefs as he grows older, and was believed to be based upon the Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. It had previously been adapted as a film Fame Is the Spur by the Boulting Brothers in 1947.

The series starred Tim Pigott-Smith as Hamer Shawcross, prior to his success in The Jewel in the Crown. Joanna David played Shawcross's wife and George Costigan co-starred as Tom Hannaway.

Tim Pigott-Smith
Timothy Peter Pigott-Smith OBE (13 May 1946 – 7 April 2017) was a British film and television actor and author. For his leading role as Ronald Merrick in the television drama series The Jewel in the Crown, he won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in 1985. Other television roles included appearance in The Chief, Midsomer Murders, The Vice, The Suspicions of Mr Whicher, King Charles III and two Doctor Who stories (The Claws of Axos (1971) and The Masque of Mandragora (1976)). Pigott-Smith appeared in films including Clash of the Titans (1981), Gangs of New York (2002), Johnny English (2003), Alexander (2004), V for Vendetta (2005), Quantum of Solace (2008), Red 2 (2013) and Jupiter Ascending (2015).
Wrestling at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's Greco-Roman 67 kg
The men's Greco-Roman 67 kilograms wrestling competition at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou was held on 4 October 2023 at the Lin'an Sports and Culture Centre.

This Greco-Roman wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Joypur, Bankura (community development block)
Joypur (also spelled Jaypur, Jaipur) is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Community development block
In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply a block is a sub-division of a district, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). The area is administered by a block development officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers. A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.
Daryl Hobbs
Daryl Hobbs (born May 23, 1968, in Victoria, Texas) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pacific Tigers. Hobbs played in the NFL for the Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders, New Orleans Saints, and Seattle Seahawks. He played in the Canadian Football League from 1999 to 2000 with the Montreal Alouettes and Saskatchewan Roughriders. Hobbs also played in the XFL for the Memphis Maniax. He was also a member of the Kansas City Chiefs.

In 2012, Daryl Hobbs took over the head coach position with Robert E. Lee High School in Houston, Texas.  Previous to that assignment, Hobbs served as the head coach at Legacy Christian High School for two years in Beaumont, Texas.  At Legacy Christian, he turned a winless team to have a 13–8 record and in 2011, his best season, Legacy Christian was within one game of going to playoffs.

Victoria, Texas
Victoria is a city in and the county seat of Victoria County, Texas, United States. The population was 65,534 as of the 2020 census. The three counties of the Victoria Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 111,163 as of the 2000 census. Its elevation is 95 ft (29 m).

Victoria is located 30 miles inland from the Gulf of Mexico. It is a two-hour drive from Corpus Christi, Houston, San Antonio, and Austin.

The city is named for General Guadalupe Victoria, who became the first president of independent Mexico.  It is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria in Texas.
Episcythrastis tetricella
Episcythrastis tetricella is a species of snout moth in the genus Episcythrastis. It was described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in most of Europe, except the Benelux, Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal, Ukraine and Greece.

The wingspan is 26–32 mm. Adults are on wing from April to June in one generation per year.

Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: Sined the Bard, (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
Nova (tabloid)
Nova was an Indonesia women's newspaper, published in Jakarta by Kompas Gramedia. It was founded in 1988.

On 29 December 2022, the tabloid published its last issue with cover Nike Ardilla, Prilly Latuconsina, Agnez Mo, Maudy Ayunda, Lydia Kandou, Dian Sastrowardoyo, Rossa, Cinta Laura and Nikita Willy — Nova brand currently only exists in its online portal Nova.grid.id.

Prilly Latuconsina
Prilly Mahatei Latuconsina (born October 15, 1996) is an Indonesian actress, host, and singer. She is known for her leading roles in the television dramas Hanya Kamu, Monyet Cantik 2, and Ganteng Ganteng Serigala. She is an actress, known for Surat Untukmu (2016), Hangout (2016), Danur: I Can See Ghosts (2017), Danur 2: Maddah (2018), Honeymoon (2013), and La tahzan (2013).
Circle of confusion
In optics, a circle of confusion (CoC) is an optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source. It is also known as disk of confusion, circle of indistinctness, blur circle, or blur spot.

In photography, the circle of confusion is used to determine the depth of field, the part of an image that is acceptably sharp. A standard value of CoC is often associated with each image format, but the most appropriate value depends on visual acuity, viewing conditions, and the amount of enlargement. Usages in context include maximum permissible circle of confusion,  circle of confusion diameter limit, and the circle of confusion criterion.

Real lenses do not focus all rays perfectly, so that even at best focus, a point is imaged as a spot rather than a point. The smallest such spot that a lens can produce is often referred to as the circle of least confusion.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Calafuria
Calafuria is a 1943 Italian drama film directed by Flavio Calzavara and starring Doris Duranti, Gustav Diessl and Olga Solbelli. It is based on the 1929 novel of the same title by Delfino Cinelli. It was shot at the Pisorno Studios in Tirrenia and on location around Florence and Livorno. The film's sets were designed by the art director Italo Cremona.

Tirrenia
Tirrenia is a frazione (parish) of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy with a population of 3,112 inhabitants. Immersed in the pine forest of the "Litorale Pisano" and in the coast of Ligurian Sea (even if the name of the village refers to Tyrrhenian Sea, in Italian Mar Tirreno), Tirrenia is in the northern side of the coast of Tuscany and next to the Parco Naturale Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli, between Pisa and Livorno.

In between Marina di Pisa and Calambrone, Tirrenia is a destination for Italian and, more generally, European seaside tourism.
Lubiri
Lubiri, commonly referred to as the Kabaka's Palace, Mengo Palace, or Twekobe (meaning "working together" in Luganda), is the official royal compound of the Kabaka (king) of the Buganda Kingdom in Uganda. Situated on Mengo Hill in the Mengo suburb of Kampala, the sprawling four-square-kilometre site overlooks the city and stands opposite the kingdom's administrative seat, the Bulange.

The palace is connected to the Bulange by Kabaka Anjagala Road, known as the Royal Mile, a ceremonial route historically lined with candlenut trees symbolizing the kingdom's clans.

The original Lubiri was destroyed by the Uganda Army in the May 1966 during the Battle of Mengo Hill, at the culmination of the struggle between Mutesa II and Milton Obote for power. It was renovated in 1999, to enable host the Kabaka's wedding.

Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of monarchs and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.
Pushforward
The notion of pushforward in mathematics is "dual" to the notion of pullback, and can mean a number of different but closely related things.

Pushforward (differential), the differential of a smooth map between manifolds, and the "pushforward" operations it defines

Pushforward (homology), the map induced in homology by a continuous map between topological spaces

Pushforward measure, measure induced on the target measure space by a measurable function

Pushout (category theory), the categorical dual of pullback

Direct image sheaf, the pushforward of a sheaf by a map

Fiberwise integral, the direct image of a differential form or cohomology by a smooth map, defined by "integration on the fibres"

Transfer operator, the pushforward on the space of measurable functions; its adjoint, the pull-back, is the composition or Koopman operator

Pushforward (differential)
In differential geometry, pushforward is a linear approximation of smooth maps (formulating manifold) on tangent spaces. Suppose that  is a smooth map between smooth manifolds; then the differential of  at a point , denoted , is, in some sense, the best linear approximation of  near . It can be viewed as a generalization of the total derivative of ordinary calculus. Explicitly, the differential is a linear map from the tangent space of  at  to the tangent space of  at , . Hence it can be used to push tangent vectors on  forward to tangent vectors on . The differential of a map  is also called, by various authors, the derivative or total derivative of .
Ben Sherwell
Noel Benjamin "Ben" Sherwell (16 March 1904 – 29 December 1960) was an English first-class cricketer active 1923–39 who played 36 First-class matches for Middlesex and University of Cambridge. He was born in Hendon, educated at Tonbridge School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.  He died near Chur in Switzerland.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Boles, Missouri
Boles is an unincorporated community in northern Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community sits above the Missouri River floodplain approximately six miles east of Washington. Labadie lies about 1.5 miles to the east.

Washington, Missouri
Washington is a city on the south banks of the Missouri River, 50 miles west of St. Louis, Missouri. It is considered to be part of the Greater St. Louis area. As of the 2020 census, Washington had a population of 14,500. It is the largest city in Franklin County, Missouri. It is notable for being the "corncob pipe capital of the world," with the Missouri Meerschaum located on the city's riverfront.