hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samrat Upadhyay
Samrat Upadhyay (Nepali: सम्राट उपाध्याय, born 1964) is a Nepalese born American writer who writes in English. Upadhyay is a professor of creative writing and has previously served as the director of the Creative Writing Program at Indiana University Bloomington. He is the first Nepali-born fiction writer writing in English to be published in the West. He was born and raised in Kathmandu, Nepal, and came to the United States in 1984 at the age of twenty-one. He lives with his wife and daughter in Bloomington, Indiana.

In 2001, Upadhyay won a Whiting Award for fiction. He was an English professor at Baldwin-Wallace College in Berea, Ohio before moving to Indiana in 2003.

His books specially portray the current situation in Nepal, which Upadhyay views largely through the lens of contemporary American realist fiction. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, Upadhyay is "like a Buddhist Chekhov."

Literary realism
Literary realism is a movement and genre of literature that attempts to represent mundane and ordinary subject-matter in a faithful and straightforward way, avoiding grandiose or exotic subject-matter, exaggerated portrayals, and speculative elements such as supernatural events and alternative worlds. It encompasses both fiction (realistic fiction) and nonfiction writing. Literary realism is a subset of the broader realist art movement that began with mid-nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal) and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin). It  attempts to represent familiar things, including everyday activities and experiences, as they truly are.
La Specola
The Museum of Zoology and Natural History, best known as La Specola, is an eclectic natural history museum in Florence, central Italy, located next to the Pitti Palace. The name Specola means observatory, a reference to the astronomical observatory founded there in 1790. It now forms part of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze. This museum is part of what are now six different collections at four different sites for the Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze.

Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial, marine, or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geophysics, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed.

The term observatoire has been used in French since at least 1976 to denote any institution that compiles and presents data on a particular subject (such as public health observatory) or for a particular geographic area (European Audiovisual Observatory).
Behind Prison Walls
Behind Prison Walls is a 1943 American crime film directed by Steve Sekely and written by Van Norcross. The film stars Alan Baxter, Gertrude Michael, Tully Marshall, Edwin Maxwell, Jacqueline Dalya and Matt Willis. The film was released on March 22, 1943, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

Steve Sekely
Steve Sekely (February 25, 1899 – March 9, 1979) was a Hungarian Jewish film director. Born István Székely, he was known by several names, based on his changing professional and immigration status, including Stefan Szekely. He directed films in Hungarian, German, and English.
St. Paraskeva Church, Giannitsa
The St. Paraskeva Church (Greek: Ιερός Ναός Αγίας Παρασκευής) is a Greek Orthodox church in the town of Giannitsa, in the Central Macedonia region of northern Greece, dedicated to Saint Paraskeva of the Balkans, and belonging to the archdiocese of Edessa, Pella and Almopia. Built as a mosque during the Ottoman era, the building was converted into a church following the incorporation of Giannitsa and the rest of Greek Macedonia into Greece in the early twentienth century.

Paraskeva of the Balkans
Paraskeva of the Balkans, alternatively known as Petka, was an ascetic female saint of the 11th century. She was born in Epivates, near present-day Istanbul, and, according to legends, had visions of the Virgin Mary. After living in Chalcedon and Heraclea Pontica, she settled in a convent in the desert near the Jordan River. An angel told her to return to her homeland, and two years later she died at the age of 27. Veneration of Saint Paraskeva began to spread in the 14th century from Bulgaria into the Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. There was confusion over her identity and attributes because her Greek name Παρασκευή "Paraskeuḗ, Paraskevi" means "Friday," and translations in other languages, such as Romanian and Serbian, were "Saint Friday". Her life continues to be celebrated in many Orthodox countries, and her feast day is commemorated on October 14 in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Pranas Čepėnas
Pranas Čepėnas (4 April 1899 in Veleikiai, Kovno Governorate – 3 December 1980 in Worcester, Massachusetts) was a Lithuanian historian, encyclopedist, journalist, and lexicographer. In 1926 Čepėnas earned a diploma in history from University of Lithuania. He worked as professor of history at Vilnius University. During World War II he emigrated to Germany and later to the U.S.

Vytautas Magnus University
Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) (Lithuanian: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, VDU) is a public university in Kaunas, Lithuania. The university was founded in 1922 during the interwar period as an alternate national university.

Initially it was known as the University of Lithuania, but in 1930 the university was renamed to Vytautas Magnus University, commemorating the 500th anniversary of the death of the Lithuanian ruler Vytautas the Great, who is known for the nation's greatest historical expansion in the 15th century.

It is one of the leading universities of Lithuania, and has about 8,800 students, including Master's students and Ph.D. candidates There are a little over 1000 employees, including approximately 90 professors.
Valacloche
Valacloche is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 23 inhabitants.

The name of Valacloche comes from Latin "Vallis Clavssa" that translates into English as "closed valley".

This town is located at the feet of the Sierra de Javalambre, Sistema Ibérico.

The citizens who live there are called "valaclochenses".

Iberian System
The Iberian System is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
It consists of a vast and complex area of mostly relatively high and rugged mountain chains and massifs located in the central region of the Iberian Peninsula, but reaching almost the Mediterranean coast in the Valencian Community in the east.

The system is hydrographically important, as it separates the watersheds of most of the major rivers in Spain and Portugal, including the Ebro basin to the east from the basins of the Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (Záncara-Gigüela), Júcar and Turia to the west and south.

There are important mining areas in some of the ranges such as Sierra Menera, Sierra de Arcos and Sierra de San Just, making the system one of the chief mining regions in Spain since ancient times. One of the comarcas of Aragon located in the Iberian System was given the name of Cuencas Mineras, lit. 'Mining Basins', since mining is the main activity in the comarca.
Vivary Park
Vivary Park is a public open space in Taunton, Somerset, England.

The Sherford Stream, a tributary of the River Tone, flows through the 7.5 hectares (19 acres) park, which is located near the centre of the town. It contains two main wide open spaces, as well as a war memorial dating from 1922, a miniature golf course, tennis courts, two children's playgrounds, a model railway track which was added in 1979, and an 18-hole, 4,620-yard (4,220 m), par-63 golf course. The park includes trees, rose beds and herbaceous borders, with around 56,000 spring and summer bedding plants being used each year. The rose garden includes the Royal National Rose Society Provincial Trial Ground.

The park is a garden of the European Garden Heritage Network.

Miniature golf
Miniature golf (also known as minigolf, putt-putt, crazy golf, and by several other names) is an offshoot of the sport of golf focusing solely on the putting aspect of its parent game. The aim of the game is to score the lowest number of points. It is played on courses consisting of a series of holes (usually a multiple of 9) similar to those of its parent, but the holes are short (usually less than 10 metres from tee to cup).

The game uses artificial putting surfaces (such as carpet, artificial turf, or concrete), a geometric layout often requiring non-traditional putting lines such as bank shots, and artificial obstacles such as tunnels, tubes, ramps, moving obstacles like windmills, and walls made of concrete, metal, or fiberglass. When miniature golf retains many of these characteristics but without the use of any props or obstacles, it is purely a mini version of its parent game.
Kristie Marano
Kristie Davis (née Karen Stenglein, later Kristie Marano, born January 24, 1979) is a wrestler from Albany, New York.

Davis won nine medals at the women's World Championships in freestyle wrestling, two of which were gold.  In 2004, Davis (who was competing as Kristie Marano at the time) received the James M. Cooke Memorial Award as the New York Athletic Club's (NYAC) Athlete of the Year. She was the third woman to receive this award.

In 2002, she was awarded Women's Wrestler of the Year by USA Wrestling.

Kristie married Link Davis, the head coach of the Emmanuel College wrestling team, and went by Kristie Davis in 2016. She is an alumna of Colonie Central High School and Hudson Valley Community College and  Pikes Peak Community College.  She has a daughter named Kayla from her first marriage.

Davis came out of retirement in 2016, in an unsuccessful attempt to make the U.S. Olympic team in the 75 kg class.

New York Athletic Club
The New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in New York state.  Founded in 1868, the club has approximately 8,600 members and two facilities: the City House, located at 180 Central Park South in Manhattan, and Travers Island, located in Westchester County. Membership in the club is by invitation only.

The club offers many sports, including rowing, wrestling, boxing, judo, fencing, swimming, basketball, rugby union, soccer, tennis, handball, squash, snooker, lacrosse and water polo.

The NYAC has tax status 501(c)(7) for Social and Recreation Clubs; in 2024 it claimed total revenue of $70,874,472, total giving of $659,245, and total assets of $92,426,900.
Kingston Transit
Kingston Transit is the public transit service serving Kingston, Ontario, Canada. As well as to the neighbouring community of Amherstview, in Loyalist Township. Major transfer points are at the Kingston Centre, Downtown Kingston (at the corner of Bagot and Brock streets), Cataraqui Town Centre, and Gardiners Town Centre. It began on July 1, 1962.

Kingston Transit offers service to all three schools of higher education in the region: Queen's University, St. Lawrence College, and RMC. It also offers service to the Kingston Bus Terminal and the railway station.

Kingston station (Ontario)
The Kingston railway station is an inter-city passenger rail station in Cataraqui, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. It is served by Via Rail trains running from Toronto to Ottawa or Montreal, along the Corridor route. It is located on John Counter Boulevard, northeast of Princess Street and northwest of downtown Kingston.
Long-range Wi-Fi
Long-range Wi-Fi is used for low-cost, unregulated point-to-point computer network connections, as an alternative to other fixed wireless, cellular networks or satellite Internet access.

Wi-Fi networks have a range that's limited by the frequency, transmission power, antenna type, the location they're used in, and the environment. A typical wireless router in an indoor point-to-multipoint arrangement using 802.11n and a stock antenna might have a range of 50 metres (160 ft) or less. Outdoor point-to-point arrangements, through use of directional antennas, can be extended with many kilometers between stations.

Wireless router
A wireless router or Wi-Fi router is a device that performs the functions of a router and also includes the functions of a wireless access point. It is used to provide access to the Internet or a private computer network. Depending on the manufacturer and model, it can function in a wired local area network, in a wireless-only LAN, or in a mixed wired and wireless network.
Aislinn Clancy
Aislinn Patricia Clancy MPP (/ˈæʃlɪn/ ASH-lynn; born April 30, 1979) is a Canadian politician and member of the Green Party of Ontario who was elected to serve as Member of Provincial Parliament for Kitchener Centre following a 2023 by-election. Clancy is the second member of the Ontario Greens to be elected in the province, following party leader Mike Schreiner. Prior to her election she was named Deputy Leader of the Green Party of Ontario by Mike Schreiner.

Prior to her election to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Clancy was elected to Kitchener City Council for Ward 10, serving just under a year in that role. Clancy is a social worker by profession.

Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)
Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) is the title of an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of Ontario. Elsewhere in Canada, the titular designation "Member of Provincial Parliament" has also been used to refer to members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1791 to 1838, and to members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1955 to 1968.
England women's national under-20 football team
The England women's national under-20 football team is an association football team that represents England women at under-20 level. It was governed by the Football Association (FA) since 1993, having been previously administered by the Women's Football Association (WFA). Although most national football teams represent a sovereign state, as a member of the United Kingdom's Home Nations, England is permitted by FIFA statutes to maintain its own national side that competes in all major tournaments. The team operated as England Under-21s from 2018 to 2021, followed by England Under-23s, after cancellations of the Under-19 Championship and U-20 World Cup.

Home Nations
Home Nations is a collective terminology in sport usually referring to England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. When a sport is governed by a council representing the island of Ireland, such as the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU), the term can refer to the nations of the constituent countries on the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the island of Ireland as a whole.

The term was originally used when the whole island of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. The synonymous Home Countries (not to be confused with the home counties) is also sometimes used.
Ganesha Subramanya
Ganesha Subrahmanya is a 1992 Indian Kannada-language comedy-drama film directed by Phani Ramachandra. Anant Nag and Ramesh Bhat play the celibate brothers Ganesha and Subrahmanya, Mukhyamantri Chandru  plays the story-telling landlord and debutante Manasa plays the girl softens up Ganesha through her emotional dramas and successfully changes his views.

It is a story of two brothers who've been indoctrinated by their father into remaining bachelors until they achieve their professional goals. This film also tries to convey a message to both men and women, not to paint all members of the opposite gender with the same brush.

Bank Janardhan
Janardhan Rao (2 March 1949 – 13 April 2025), known by his stage name Bank Janardhan, was an Indian actor in the Kannada film industry. He was well-known for his comedy and drama roles in various Kannada films and television series. Some of the notable films of Janardhan as an actor include News (2005), Shhh! (1993) and Tharle Nan Maga (1992). He acted in Kannada television serials such as Papa Pandu. Janardhan died after a long illness in Bangaluru, Karnataka, on 13 April 2025, at the age of 76.
2003–04 Kent Football League
The 2003–04 Kent Football League season (known as the Go Travel Kent League for sponsorship reasons) was the 38th in the history of Kent Football League a football competition in England.

The League structure comprised three divisions: a Premier Division together with a Reserves Section comprising newly formed Divisions One and Two – the latter two made from teams featured in previous seasons Division One North and Division One South, with the six highest ranked teams from each division from the previous season placed in the new Division One and the remaining clubs into Division Two. Reserves teams were not permitted in the Premier Division. Additionally there were two league cup competitions: the Challenge Cup for the Premier Division clubs and another for the teams in the two divisions of the Reserves Section.

Erith & Belvedere F.C.
Erith & Belvedere Football Club is a football club based in the London Borough of Bexley, England. They are currently members of the Southern Counties East League Premier Division and play at Park View Road, a ground shared with Welling United.
John Rader
John Lafayette Rader (born February 11, 1927) is an American Democratic politician, who served as the first Attorney General of Alaska. He was a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1959 to 1960 and 1963-1966 and the Senate from 1969 to 1979. He was the Senate president from 1977 to 1979.

He was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1968, losing the Democratic primary to Nick Begich. Begich would go on to lose to incumbent Howard Wallace Pollock.

Alaska State Senate
The Alaska State Senate is the upper house in the Alaska State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. It convenes in the Alaska State Capitol in Juneau, Alaska and is responsible for making laws and confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.

With just twenty members, the Alaska Senate is the smallest state legislative chamber in the United States. Its members serve four-year terms and each represent an equal number of districts with populations of approximately 35,512 people, per 2010 census figures. They are not subject to term limits.
Mettler, Western Australia
Mettler is a locality of the City of Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, located along the Southern Ocean. The South Coast Highway passes through the northern part of the locality. Mettler is home to two nature reserves, the Mettler Lake Nature Reserve and the Basil Road Nature Reserve, while the far eastern end on Hassell National Park extends into the west of the locality.

Mettler is on the traditional land of the Minang people of the Noongar nation.

South Coast Highway
South Coast Highway is a Western Australian highway. It is a part of the Highway 1 network.

With a length of 592 kilometres (368 mi), it runs from Esperance to Walpole roughly in parallel to Western Australia's south coast. Even then the journey is pretty much inland.

Approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Ravensthorpe lies the Fitzgerald River National Park with beaches, coastal and mountain walking trails and wildflowers. There are three more national parks with abundant wildlife along the journey to Walpole. Albany is a former whaling town and is rich in history.

Beyond Walpole, Highway 1 continues as South Western Highway to Perth. Beyond Esperance, Highway 1 continues as Coolgardie–Esperance Highway to Norseman.
Johan Herman Thoresen
Johan Herman Thoresen (14 July 1832  – 28 January 1914) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Herøy to priest Hans Konrad Thoresen and Sara Margrethe Daae. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1854, and was named as a Supreme Court Justice from 1884.

He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1892, and Commander in 1897.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Japan women's national goalball team
Japan women's national goalball team is the women's national team of Japan.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  Its women's team has internationally completed including at the IBSA World Goalball Championships and the Paralympic Games.

Haruka Wakasugi
Haruka Wakasugi (若杉 遥, Wakasugi Haruka; born 23 August 1995) is a Japanese goalball player who won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

She was 13 years old when she developed fibrous dysplasia which led to vision loss. She began playing goalball in 2010 at age 15.
Fixed-point space
In mathematics, a Hausdorff space X is called a fixed-point space if it obeys a fixed-point theorem, according to which every continuous function  has a fixed point, a point  for which .

For example, the closed unit interval is a fixed point space, as can be proved from the intermediate value theorem. The real line is not a fixed-point space, because the continuous function that adds one to its argument does not have a fixed point. Generalizing the unit interval, by the Brouwer fixed-point theorem, every compact bounded convex set in a Euclidean space is a fixed-point space.

The definition of a fixed-point space can also be extended from continuous functions of topological spaces to other classes of maps on other types of space.

Fixed-point theorem
In mathematics, a fixed-point theorem is a result saying that a function F will have at least one fixed point (a point x for which F(x) = x), under some conditions on F that can be stated in general terms.
Iron(II) selenide
Iron(II) selenide refers to a number of inorganic compounds of ferrous iron and selenide (Se2−). The phase diagram of the system Fe–Se reveals the existence of several non-stoichiometric phases between ~49 at. % Se and ~53 at. % Fe, and temperatures up to ~450 °C. The low temperature stable phases are the tetragonal PbO-structure (P4/nmm) β-Fe1−xSe and α-Fe7Se8. The high temperature phase is the hexagonal, NiAs structure (P63/mmc) δ-Fe1−xSe. Iron(II) selenide occurs naturally as the NiAs-structure mineral achavalite.

More selenium rich iron selenide phases are the γ phases (γ and γˈ), assigned the Fe3Se4 stoichiometry, and FeSe2, which occurs as the marcasite-structure natural mineral ferroselite, or the rare pyrite-structure mineral dzharkenite.

It is used in electrical semiconductors.

Tetragonal crystal system
In crystallography, the tetragonal crystal system  is one of the seven crystal systems. Tetragonal crystal lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors, so that the cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square base (a by a) and height (c, which is different from a).