hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dios Hieron (Lydia)
It is located 9 km. northeast of Ödemiş/İzmir.(ref: Tmolos’ta saklı kutsal bir kent Dioshieron, Hüseyin Üreten, Journal of International Social Research, Vol 9, Issue 44: 562-578) Dios Hieron (Ancient Greek: Διὸς Ἱερόν, meaning 'Sanctuary of Zeus') was a town of ancient Lydia, in the upper valley of the Cayster River. The city became part of the Roman Republic and the Roman province of Asia with the annexation of the Attalid kingdom. It also bore the name Diospolis (Διόσπολις), and was cited by the sixth century Byzantine geographer Stephanus of Byzantium under that name. It was renamed to Christopolis or Christoupolis (Χριστούπολις, meaning 'city of Christ') in the 7th century and was known as Pyrgium  or Pyrgion (Πυργίον) from the 12th century on. Pyrgion fell to the Turks in 1307, and became the capital of the beylik of Aydin. The town minted coins in antiquity, often with the inscription "Διοσιερειτων".

Its site is located near Birgi, Asiatic Turkey.

Kingdom of Pergamon
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor (now Turkey) from its capital city of Pergamon.  It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.  Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and seized the city of Pergamon and the surrounding regions; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC.  The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent.  It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants.  It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.
Vadavagni
Vadavagni (Sanskrit: वाडवाग्नि, romanized: Vāḍavāgni, lit. 'mare-fire'), also referred to as Vadavanala (Sanskrit: वडवानल, romanized: Vaḍavānala) refers to a submarine fire embodied in the form of a destructive being in Hindu mythology. It is described to be a being that manifested with the head of a mare, but a body of blazing flame.

The Vadavagni is regarded to wander the seabed and consume its waters, awaiting the moment it could emerge and destroy the earth during the Pralaya, the dissolution of the earth at the end of an age. Various legends regarding the origin and suppression of the Vadavagni exist in Hindu literature, most prominently the descent of the goddess Saraswati as the Sarasvati river.

Hindu texts
Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. Some of the major Hindu texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  the Itihasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and Puranas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
Sir Christopher Aylmer, 1st Baronet
Sir Christopher Aylmer, 1st Baronet (c.1620-1671) was an Irish landowner.

Aylmer was the son of Gerald Aylmer of Balrath. The family was part of the Old English community of The Pale which largely remained Roman Catholic. Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland his family had been deprived of their estates, but they recovered them following the Restoration and in 1662 Aylmer was made a baronet.

He married Margaret Plunkett, daughter of Matthew Plunkett, 5th Baron Louth and Mary Fitzwilliam. He was the father of the naval officers Matthew Aylmer, who became a distinguished Admiral, and George Aylmer who reached the rank of Captain before being killed at the Battle of Bantry Bay in 1689. Through Matthew, Sir Christopher was the ancestor of the Aylmer Barons. His eldest son Sir Gerald Aylmer, 2nd Baronet succeeded him in his baronetcy.

The Pale
The Pale (Irish: An Pháil) or the English Pale (An Pháil Shasanach or An Ghalltacht) was the part of Ireland directly under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages. It had been reduced by the late 15th century to an area along the east coast stretching north from Dalkey, just south of Dublin, to the garrison town of Dundalk. The inland boundary went to Naas and Leixlip around the Earldom of Kildare, towards Trim and north towards Kells. In this district, many townlands have English or Norman-French names, the latter associated with Anglo-Norman influence in England.
Gololobovka
Gololobovka (Russian: Гололобовка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Gololobovka, Kaluga Oblast, a village in Zhizdrinsky District of Kaluga Oblast

Gololobovka, Kursk Oblast, a selo in Leshchinoplatavsky Selsoviet of Solntsevsky District in Kursk Oblast

Gololobovka, Tambov Oblast, a selo in Glazkovsky Selsoviet of Michurinsky District in Tambov Oblast

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Willi Kirschner
Wilhelm Kirschner, nicknamed Kiri, (9 December 1911 – 26 March 1994) was a Romanian male handball player. He was a member of the Romania men's national handball team. He was a part of the  team at the 1936 Summer Olympics, playing 3 matches and scoring two goals. On club level he played for Hermannstädter Turnverein in Romania.

Romania men's national handball team
The Romania men's national handball team is governed by the Romanian Handball Federation (Romanian: Romanian Federaţia Română de Handbal) and takes part in international handball competitions. Romania was for many decades the most successful nation in handball with 4 gold medal wins at the World Championships, they served as a model for the sport. However, Romania has failed to win a medal since 1990.
Mi Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy!
Mi Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy (transl. I'm Shivajiraje Bhosale Speaking) is a 2009 Indian Marathi language vigilante action drama film produced by Sanjay Chhabria along with Ashwami Manjrekar and directed by Santosh Ramdas Manjrekar. The film follows an underdog who fights against the evils in society, to re-instate his identity and keep his pride. Film Won Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Alexander Wilson Smith
Alexander Wilson Smith (November 12, 1856 – October 10, 1913) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Middlesex North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal.

He was born in York County, Canada West, the son of James Sinclair Smith, a native of Scotland, and Agnes Wilson, and was educated at the Rockwood Academy and the Canadian Literary Institute in Woodstock, Ontario. Smith was a farmer and livestock breeder at Maple Lodge, Middlesex County. Smith was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1911. He died in Ailsa Craig at the age of 56.

Middlesex County, Ontario
Middlesex County is a primarily rural county and census division in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Landlocked, the county is bordered by Huron and Perth counties on the north, Oxford County on the east, Elgin County on the south, and Chatham-Kent and Lambton County on the west.

The county seat is the city of London, although the city is politically independent from the county. The Middlesex census division, which consists of the county together with the City of London and three First Nations reserves, had a population of 500,563 in 2021. Part of the county is also included in the London census metropolitan area.
Puraini (community development block)
Puraini is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of  Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 48 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura.

Madhepura
Madhepura is a municipality in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. It stands at the centre of the Kosi ravine. It was called Madhyapura- a place centrally situated, which was subsequently transformed into Madhipura, present Madhepura. It is surrounded by Araria and Supaul districts in the north, Khagaria and Bhagalpur districts in the south, Purnia district in the east and Saharsa district in the West. Baba Singheshwar Sthan, a famous Shiva temple and pilgrimage site, is located in Madhepura district and attracts devotees, especially during the month of Shravan.
Transalkylation
In organic chemistry, transalkylation is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of an alkyl group from one organic compound to another. The reaction is used for the transfer of methyl and ethyl groups between benzene rings. This is of particular value in the petrochemical industry to manufacture p-xylene, styrene, and other aromatic compounds. Motivation for using transalkylation reactions is based on a difference in production and demand for benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Transalkylation can convert toluene, which is overproduced, into benzene and xylene, which are under-produced. Zeolites are often used as catalysts in transalkylation reactions.

Ethyl group
In organic chemistry, an ethyl group (abbreviated as ET, Et or et) is an alkyl substituent with the formula −CH2CH3, derived from ethane (C2H6).

Ethyl is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix "eth-" is used to indicate the presence of two carbon atoms in the molecule.
Tadini Madonna
The Tadini Madonna is a tempera painting of the Madonna and Child of about 1450 by Jacopo Bellini, now in the Accademia Tadini in Lovere, Italy. It was originally on a panel support but was transferred to a canvas support in 1900 by Luigi Cavenaghi.

It is thought to have originally been in Santa Maria degli Angeli, an Augustinian monastery in Murano.

Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings.
LGBTQ history in Canada
This article gives a broad overview of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) history in Canada. LGBT activity was considered a crime from the colonial period in Canada until 1969, when Bill C-150 was passed into law. However, there is still discrimination despite anti-discrimination law. For a more detailed listing of individual incidents in Canadian LGBT history, see also Timeline of LGBT history in Canada.

Canadian Human Rights Act
The Canadian Human Rights Act (French: Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne) is a statute passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1977 with the express goal of extending the law to ensure equal opportunity to individuals who may be victims of discriminatory practices based on a set of prohibited grounds. The prohibited grounds currently are:  race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability, and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered. Before the act was enacted, all ten provinces had enacted their own anti-discrimination laws, beginning with the Ontario  Racial Discrimination Act in 1944, and the Saskatchewan Bill of Rights in 1947.
Shamama Aliyeva
Shamama Tanriverdi gizi Aliyeva (Azerbaijani: Şamama Tanrıverdi qızı Əliyeva, May 1, 1938 — January 9, 2020) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet cotton grower, collective farmer of the cotton-growing collective farm "Communist" of the Yevlakh District of the Azerbaijan SSR, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, laureate of the Order of Lenin, Hero of Socialist Labor, Mother Heroine.

Mother Heroine
Mother Heroine (Russian: Мать-героиня, romanized: Mat'-geroinya) is an honorary title that was used in the Soviet Union, awarded for bearing and raising a large family. The state's intent was not only to honor such large families, but also to increase financial assistance for pregnant women, mothers of large families, and single mothers, and to promote an increased level of health in mother and child. The award was established in 1944 and continued to exist until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. On 15 August 2022 Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree which revived the honorary title in Russia.
Biała County, Lublin Voivodeship
Biała County (Polish: powiat bialski) is a county in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Biała Podlaska, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Biała Podlaska County are Międzyrzec Podlaski, which lies 24 km (15 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and the border town of Terespol, 32 km (20 mi) east of Biała Podlaska.

The county covers an area of 2,753.67 square kilometres (1,063.2 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 111,078, including 16,736 in Międzyrzec Podlaski, 5,537 in Terespol, and a rural population of 88,805.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Panelian Raikas
Panelian Raikas, abbreviated PaRa, is an ice hockey club in the Panelia area of Eura municipality in Finland. PaRa was established in 1920 as an athletics club but, as of 2024, it exclusively operates departments in ice hockey. The club's home venue is Panelian jäähalli (lit. 'Panelia's ice hall').

The PaRa men's representative team competes in the III-divisioona, the fifth-tier men's national ice hockey league in Finland. At its peak during the 1950s and 1960s, the team competed in the third-tier Maakuntasarja (replaced by 2. Divisioona in 1975, which was itself replaced by the Suomi-sarja in 1999).

PaRa has an agreement with the minor affiliate club of Lukko, through which it co-operates two women's teams in the Finnish national leagues. The club's representative women's team, PaRa/Lukko, plays in the third-tier Naisten Suomi-sarja. Lukko's representative women's team, Lukko/PaRa, plays in the second-tier Naisten Mestis.

Naisten Suomi-sarja
The Naisten Suomi-sarja (lit. 'Women's Finland Series'), distinguished as the Jääkiekon naisten Suomi-sarja (lit. 'Ice Hockey Women's Finland Series'), is the third-tier women's national ice hockey league in Finland. It was established by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association in 2003 and is the lowest tier of national ice hockey competition, below the premier Auroraliiga and secondary Naisten Mestis, but above regional leagues (Finnish: Naisten alueelliset harrastesarjat).
Aleš Dryml Sr.
Aleš Dryml Sr. (born 10 June 1953) is a Czech former motorcycle speedway rider who competed in speedway, longtrack and grasstrack racing. He earned 32 international caps for the Czechoslovakia national speedway team.

Mariánské Lázně
Mariánské Lázně (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɪjaːnskɛː ˈlaːzɲɛ]; German: Marienbad) is a spa town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 14,000 inhabitants. Most of the town's buildings come from its Golden Era in the second half of the 19th century, when many celebrities and top European rulers came to enjoy the curative carbon dioxide springs.

The town centre with the spa cultural landscape is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe" because of its springs and architectural testimony to the popularity of spa towns in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
Kétro-Bassam
Kétro-Bassam is a town in west-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Vavoua Department in Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Kétro-Bassam was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Kétro-Bassam was 24,934.

Sassandra-Marahoué District
Sassandra-Marahoué District (French: District du  Sassandra-Marahoué, [sa.sɑ̃d.ʁa ma.ʁa.we]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Daloa.
2025 BBVA Open Internacional de Valencia – Singles
Nuria Párrizas Díaz won the singles title at the 2025 BBVA Open Internacional de Valencia, defeating Louisa Chirico in the final, 7–5, 7–6(11–9).

Ann Li was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in s'Hertogenbosch instead.

Ángela Fita Boluda
Ángela Fita Boluda (born 12 July 1999) is a Spanish tennis player.

Fita Boluda has a career-high singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of 214, achieved on 30 June 2025. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 150, achieved on 8 September 2025.

Fita Boluda has won eight singles and 25 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Kith (brand)
Kith (sometimes stylized as KITH) is an American fashion and lifestyle brand established in New York City in 2011 by Ronnie Fieg.

The brand began as a footwear retailer, and later expanded to streetwear, fashion, and lifestyle. Kith operates twelve locations worldwide,  three store-within-a-store locations in Bergdorf Goodman, Hirshleifers, and Selfridges, and a private members' club in West Village, Manhattan.

Store-within-a-store
A store-within-a-store, also referred to as store-in-store (North America) or shop-in-shop (U.K. et al.), refers to a space within a larger retail store, designated for use by a specific brand to feature its products, clearly branded with signs and other branding elements like color, materials, layout, etc. Such a space may be a section of the main area of the store, or it may have the form of an enclosed store with "walls" and an entrance, much like a store in a shopping mall. Stores-within-stores are particularly common in Europe and Asia.
Jinzū River
The Jinzū River (神通川, Jinzū-gawa or Jintsū-gawa or Jindzū-gawa) is a river that flows from Gifu Prefecture to Toyama Prefecture in Japan. The upper reaches of the river in Gifu are called the Miya River. It is 120 km (75 mi) in length and has a watershed of 2,720 square kilometres (1,050 mi2).

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (国土地理院, Kokudo Chiri-in), or GSI, is the national institution responsible for surveying and mapping the national land of Japan. The former name of the organization from 1949 until March 2010 was Geographical Survey Institute; despite the rename, it retains the same initials. It is an extraordinary organ of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Its main offices are situated in Tsukuba City of Ibaraki Prefecture.

It also runs a museum, situated in Tsukuba, the Science Museum of Map and Survey.
Tretire with Michaelchurch
Tretire with Michaelchurch is a civil parish in Herefordshire, England. It is approximately 9 miles (14 km) south from the city and county town of Hereford and 5 miles (8 km) west from the market town of Ross-on-Wye. The parish, entirely rural, incorporates the hamlet settlements of Tretire and  Michaelchurch.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Nimmer on Copyright
Nimmer on Copyright is a multi-volume legal treatise on United States copyright law that is widely cited in American courts, and has been influential for decades as the leading secondary source on American copyright law.

The work was originally published in 1963 by Melville Nimmer, and was for several decades the only significant treatise in United States copyright law.  In 1985, Melville's son David Nimmer took over updates and revisions to Nimmer on Copyright. The work is routinely cited by domestic and foreign courts at all levels in copyright litigation, and within the United States in at least 2500 judicial opinions.

The United States Copyright Office held a special celebration on May 6, 2013, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the publication of Nimmer on Copyright. Similarly, the Copyright Society of the U.S.A. published a special issue of the Journal dedicated to the 50th anniversary, in Winter 2013.

Copyright Society of the U.S.A.
The Copyright Society of the U.S.A., now the Copyright Society, is the primary scholarly society dedicated to the study of copyright law in the United States.

The Copyright Society of the U.S.A. was established in 1953, by a number of copyright scholars and lawyers including Charles B. Seton (1910–2005). It established the journal Bulletin of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A. the same year, which is published today as the Journal of the Copyright Society.

The Society hosts annual and midwinter meetings, as well as a variety of educational sessions in its regional chapters. The organization has fifteen chapters throughout the US and abroad, and is headquartered in New York City. The Society hosts the annual "Donald C. Brace Memorial Lecture" (named after Donald Brace, one of the founders of the Harcourt, Brace & Co. publishing company), and presents the annual "Seton Award" for scholarship by a young writer (under 40).