hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
SS Belgic
Four ships of the White Star Line have been named SS Belgic:

SS Belgic (1873) was a cargo steamship launched in 1873, chartered to the Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company in 1875, sold and renamed Goefredo in 1883 and wrecked in 1884.

SS Belgic (1885) was a cargo steamship launched in 1885, sold to Atlantic Transport Line in 1899 and renamed Mohawk. She was scrapped in 1903.

SS Belgic (1902) was launched as the cargo ship Mississippi in 1902 for Atlantic Transport Line and transferred in 1906 to Red Star Line as SS Samland. In 1911 she was transferred to White Star Line and renamed SS Belgic. In 1913 she returned to Red Star Line as SS Samland. She was scrapped in 1931.

SS Belgic (1914) was a passenger liner launched in 1914. She was transferred to Red Star Line in 1923 and renamed SS Belgenland. She was transferred to Atlantic Transport Line in 1935 and renamed Columbia. She was scrapped in 1936.

SS Belgic (1885)
The SS Belgic was a steam ship built by Harland & Wolff for the White Star Line for service in the Far East and across the Pacific.  Sold to the Atlantic Transport Line in 1899 she was transferred to the North Atlantic.  After service as a Boer War transport she was scrapped at Garston, Liverpool in 1903.
Re Drummond Wren
Re Drummond Wren [1945] O.R. 778 (Ont. H.C.) is a decision by the Ontario High Court, presided by Justice Mackay, regarding the validity of a racially motivated restrictive covenant. The Workers' Educational Association purchased a lot in East York. The covenant prohibited the land from being sold to "Jews, or persons of objectionable nationality". Drummond Wren brought forward an action to have the restrictive covenant declared invalid. Wren was the general secretary of the Workers' Educational Association. He was represented by John Cartwright and Irving Himel. J. M. Bennett appeared as legal counsel for the Canadian Jewish Congress, assisted by Bora Laskin, Jacob Finkelman, and Charles Dubin.

Bora Laskin
Bora Laskin (October 5, 1912 – March 26, 1984) was a Canadian jurist who served as the 14th chief justice of Canada from 1973 to 1984 and as a puisne justice of the Supreme Court from 1970 to 1973. Before his Supreme Court service, he previously served on the Ontario Court of Appeal from 1965 to 1970. Prior to his appointment, Laskin worked as a lawyer and in academia.
Douglas Luiz
Douglas Luiz Soares de Paulo (born 9 May 1998), known as Douglas Luiz, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Aston Villa, on loan from Serie A club Juventus, and the Brazil national team.  He is an Olympic champion, winning gold in the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football final.

Douglas Luiz is a product of the Vasco da Gama academy; he was signed by Manchester City in 2017, but never played a competitive match during his time at the club, due to work permit difficulties, and was subsequently loaned out to La Liga side Girona twice. Aston Villa signed Luiz in July 2019 where he spent five seasons, ultimately helping the side qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over 40 years in 2024; he subsequently signed for Juventus.

Work permit (United Kingdom)
The UK Work Permit scheme was the primary immigration category used to encourage skilled workers to enter the United Kingdom until 2008. While the specific legal document known as a "Work Permit" was phased out, the term remains in colloquial use to refer to the sponsorship systems that replaced it: initially the Tier 2 (General) visa (2008–2020), and currently the Skilled Worker visa, which was introduced in December 2020 following Brexit.

Significant reforms were implemented in April 2024, including a substantial increase in the minimum salary threshold and the replacement of the Shortage Occupation List with the Immigration Salary List (ISL).
1948 Gozo luzzu disaster
The 1948 Gozo luzzu disaster occurred on 30 October 1948 when a luzzu fishing boat carrying passengers from Marfa, on the island of Malta, to Mġarr, Gozo, capsized and sank in rough seas off Qala, in the colony of Malta, killing 23 of the 27 people on board. Inquiries held after the accident determined that the boat had been overloaded as it was carrying around double its capacity.

Crown Colony of Malta
The Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies (commonly known as the Crown Colony of Malta or simply Malta) was the British colony in the Maltese islands, that has become the modern Republic of Malta. It was established when the Malta Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in 1813, and this was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris in 1814.  The colony gained independence in 1964.
Wynyard railway station, Sydney
Wynyard railway station (/ˈwɪnjərd/) is a heritage-listed underground commuter rail station located in the north-west precinct of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened on 28 February 1932 to coincide with the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

M2 Hills Motorway
M2 Hills Motorway is a 19.3-kilometre (12.0 mi) tolled urban motorway in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network and the National Highway west of Pennant Hills Road. Owned by toll road operator Transurban, it forms majority of Sydney's M2 route, with the Lane Cove Tunnel constituting the rest of the M2 route.
Love Love Love (Dreams Come True song)
"Love Love Love" (stylized as "LOVE LOVE LOVE") is a song recorded by Japanese band Dreams Come True for their eighth studio album, Love Unlimited ∞. It was released as the album's lead single by Epic/Sony Records in July 1995. It is the theme song to the TBS drama series Aishiteiru to Itte Kure. The single's B-side, "Arashi ga Kuru", was also featured throughout the series' twelve episodes. With over two million copies sold, "Love Love Love" is the tenth best-selling Japanese single of all time and remains the band's most successful single.

Epic Records Japan
Epic Records Japan is a Japanese record label owned by Sony Music Labels Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Its founder was Shigeo Maruyama.

Between 1978 and 1988 the label operated as a wholly owned subsidiary: Epic/Sony Inc. (株式会社EPIC・ソニー), established in August 1978 and was later folded back into CBS/Sony Group in March 1988.

In 2001, it was re-established as Epic Records Japan Inc. (株式会社エピックレコードジャパン, Kabushiki Gaisha Epikku Rekoodo Japan). In 2014, Sony Music Records Inc. absorbed Epic Records Japan Inc. alongside other Sony Japan subsidiaries, changing its name to Sony Music Labels. Since the absorption, Epic Records Japan has operated as an imprint of Sony Music Labels.

Notable music artists for this company have included Hikaru Utada, Tetsuya Komuro, and Kimiko Itoh.
Indian locomotive class ZDM-2
The Indian locomotive class ZDM-2 is a series of narrow gauge diesel-hydraulic locomotives built for Indian Railways by the German company Maschinenbau Kiel. In the 1980s and 1990s, several of the type were fitted with KPC engines, these were reclassified as the ZDM-2R.

Locomotives of India
Indian Railways operates India's railway system and comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of Government of India. As of 2025, it maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 15,000 passenger and 10,000 freight trains daily with a fleet of more than 18,000 locomotives. The railways primarily operates a fleet of electric and diesel locomotives along with a few compressed natural gas (CNG) locomotives. Steam locomotives are operated on mountain railways and on heritage trains. As of February 2026, Indian Railways had 13,569 electric and 4,169 diesel locomotives.
Nōfuku-ji
Nōfuku-ji (能福寺) is a Buddhist temple that, from the legend, was founded in 805 by the monk Saichō, in Kita Sakasegawa, Hyōgo-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Saichō (of the Tendai sect) placed a statue of Yakushi Nyorai of his own making in the temple hall and named the temple Nōfuku Gokoku Mitsu-ji (能福護国密寺).

This temple served as a branch temple of Kyoto's Shōren-in from the early Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period.

The Shin-saigoku Pilgrimage (新西国三十三箇所観音霊場) (a Buddhist pilgrimage route in Japan) includes this temple as one of the stops.

Junrei
Junrei (巡礼) is the word most commonly used for either of two major types of pilgrimages in Japan, in accordance with Buddhism or Shinto. These pilgrimages can be made as a visit to a group of temples, shrines, or other holy sites, in a particular order, often in a circuit of 33 or 88 sites. Other pilgrimages may center on a pilgrimage to a single site. One of the most popular pilgrimages for Buddhists in Japan is visiting the 88 temples on Shikoku. In certain contexts, junrei can be used to refer to other pilgrimage practices in world religions foreign to Japan, such as the Hajj.

Pilgrimages can be organized by tour bus companies, taking only a couple of weeks to complete, although many pilgrims prefer to take the two- or three-month-long journeys on foot in the traditional manner.  Pilgrims on the Shikoku junrei are referred to as henro (遍路) and traditionally wear straw hats and white clothing.
Netherfield Cricket Club
Netherfield Cricket Club Ground is a cricket ground in Kendal, Cumbria (formerly part of Westmorland).  The first recorded match on the ground was in 1893.  The ground hosted its first Minor Counties Championship match in 1956, when Cumberland played the Lancashire Second XI. From 1956 to 2007, the ground hosted 44 Minor Counties Championship matches, with the final Minor Counties Championship match played to date at the ground in 2007 seeing Cumberland host Norfolk.  The ground has also hosted 3 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches, the most recent of which saw Cumberland play Cheshire in 2010.

The ground has also hosted List-A matches.  The first List-A match held at the ground was between Cumberland and the Derbyshire in the 1st round of the 1984 NatWest Trophy.  Between 1984 and 1999 the ground hosted 5 List-A matches, the last of which was between Cumberland and Sussex in the 1999 NatWest Trophy 3rd round.

Norfolk County Cricket Club
Norfolk County Cricket Club is one of twenty National County Cricket Clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Norfolk.

The club is a member of the National Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the NCCA Championship, the NCCA Knockout Trophy and, since 2018, in the NCCA Twenty20 competition. Norfolk took part in limited overs competitions which included first-class counties between 1965 and 2004. The club's main home venue is Barker's Lane in Sprowston, on the northern edge of Norwich, although it has used other locations throughout the county.
2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election
The 2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election was held on December 11, 2011, to replace Gilles Duceppe, who resigned on May 2 after the party lost 43 of its 47 seats, including his own seat, in the 2011 federal election. It was won by Daniel Paillé.

Voter turnout for the leadership election was 38%.

Louis-Hébert (federal electoral district)
Louis-Hébert (French pronunciation: [lwi ebɛʁ]) is a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Quebec. Represented in the House of Commons since 1968, its population was certified, according to the detailed statistics of 2001, as 98,156.
Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.

Adrien-Marie Legendre
Adrien-Marie Legendre (/ləˈʒɑːndər, -ˈʒɑːnd/; French: [adʁiɛ̃ maʁi ləʒɑ̃dʁ]; 18 September 1752 – 9 January 1833) was a French mathematician who made numerous contributions to mathematics. Well-known and important concepts such as the Legendre polynomials and Legendre transformation are named after him. He is also known for his contributions to the method of least squares, and was the first to officially publish on it, though Carl Friedrich Gauss had discovered it before him.
Roger Giles
Roger David Giles KC is an Australian  jurist. He is a former judge of the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, the highest court in the State of New South Wales, Australia, which forms part of the Australian court hierarchy. He retired as a Judge of Appeal on 23 December 2012.

He has served as an international judge of the Singapore International Commercial Court since its inception in 2015.

Business court
Business courts, sometimes referred to as commercial courts, are specialized courts for legal cases involving commercial law, internal business disputes, and other matters affecting businesses. In the US, they are trial courts that primarily or exclusively adjudicate internal business disputes and/or commercial litigation between businesses, heard before specialist judges assigned to these courts. Commercial courts outside the United States may have broader or narrower jurisdiction than state trial level business and commercial courts within the United States, for example patent or admiralty jurisdiction; and jurisdiction may vary between countries. Business courts may be further specialized, as in those that decide technology disputes and those that weigh appeals. Alternative dispute resolution and arbitration have connections to business courts.
Human rights in Tuvalu
Tuvalu is a small island nation in the South Pacific, located North of Fiji and North West of Samoa. The population at the 2012 census was 10,837 (2012 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Analytical Report). Tuvalu has a written constitution which includes a statement of rights influenced by the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. While most human rights in Tuvalu are respected, areas of concern include women’s rights and freedom of belief, as well as diminishing access to human rights in the face of global warming. The latter has played a major role in the implementation of human rights actions in Tuvalu given its geographical vulnerability and scarce resources.

Universal Periodic Review
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a mechanism of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) that emerged from the 2005 UN reform process. Established by the General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 3 April 2006, the UPR periodically examines the human rights performance of all 193 UN Member States. It is intended to complement, not duplicate, the work of other human rights mechanisms, including the UN human rights treaty bodies. This is the first international human rights mechanism to address all countries and all human rights. The Working Group on the UPR, which is composed of the HRC's 47 Member States and chaired by the HRC President, conducts country reviews.
NTHL1
Endonuclease III-like protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NTHL1 gene.

As reviewed by Li et al.,  NTHL1 is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase that has an associated beta-elimination activity.  NTHL1 is usually involved in removing oxidative pyrimidine lesions through base excision repair.  NTHL1 catalyses the first step in base excision repair.  It cleaves the N-glycosylic bond between the damaged base and its associated sugar residue and then cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site, leaving a 3'-unsaturated aldehyde after beta-elimination and a 5'-phosphate at the termini of the repair gap.

Low expression of NTHL1 is associated with initiation and development of astrocytoma.  Low expression of NTHL1 is also found in follicular thyroid tumors.

A germ line homozygous mutation in NTHL1 causes a cancer susceptibility syndrome similar to Lynch syndrome.

Base excision repair
Base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism, studied in the fields of biochemistry and genetics, that repairs damaged DNA throughout the cell cycle.  It is responsible primarily for removing small, non-helix-distorting base lesions from the genome.  The related nucleotide excision repair pathway repairs bulky helix-distorting lesions.  BER is important for removing damaged bases that could otherwise cause mutations by mispairing or lead to breaks in DNA during replication.  BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases, which recognize and remove specific damaged or inappropriate bases, forming AP sites.  These are then cleaved by an AP endonuclease.  The resulting single-strand break can then be processed by either short-patch (where a single nucleotide is replaced) or long-patch BER (where 2–10 new nucleotides are synthesized).
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology (DJMIT) is an engineering institute located in Anand, Gujarat, India. It is named after the first Chief Minister of Gujarat Jivraj Narayan Mehta. It was established in July 2010.

It is located near Anand - home to the headquarters of Amul (the world’s largest farmers’ cooperative movement) and NDDB.

National Dairy Development Board
The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is a statutory body set up by an Act of the Parliament of India and an Institution of National Importance. It is under administrative control of the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying of the Government of India. The main office is in Anand, Gujarat with regional offices throughout the country. NDDB's subsidiaries include Indian Dairy Machinery Company Ltd (IDMC), Mother Dairy and Indian Immunologicals Limited, Hyderabad, NDDB Dairy Services, NDDB Mrida Ltd., NDDB CALF Ltd. The Board was created to finance and support producer-owned and controlled organisations. Its programmes and activities seek to strengthen farmer cooperatives and support national policies that are favourable to the growth of such institutions. Cooperative principles and cooperative strategies are fundamental to the board's efforts.

Meenesh Shah was appointed the Chairman of NDDB in 2021.
1935 NCAA Wrestling Championships
The 1935 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 8th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Lehigh in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania hosted the tournament at Taylor Gymnasium.

Oklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 36 points and three individual champions.

Ross Flood of Oklahoma A&M was named the Outstanding Wrestler.

Ross Flood
Aaron Ross Flood (December 28, 1910 – May 23, 1995) was an American wrestler who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936, he won a silver medal in the freestyle bantamweight (56 kg) competition. Flood was born in Braman, Oklahoma and died in Stillwater, Oklahoma. In 1978, Flood was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.
Religion in Kerala
Religion in Kerala is diverse. According to 2011 census of India figures, 54.73% of Kerala's population follows Hinduism, 26.56% are followers of Islam, 18.38% follow Christianity, and the remaining 0.33% follow other religions or have no religion.

The historical legends regarding the origin of Kerala are Hindu in nature. Kerala produced several saints and movements. Adi Shankara was a religious philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated the philosophy of Advaita. Hindus represent the biggest religious group in all districts except Malappuram, where they are outnumbered by Muslims. Various tribal people in Kerala have retained the religious beliefs of their ancestors.

Zamorin
The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin; Malayalam: sāmūtiri, sāmūri, [saːmuː(d̪i)ɾi,], Arabic: sāmuri, Portuguese: Samorim, Dutch: Samorijn, Chinese: Shamitihsi) was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to the forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala, and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad. The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirakkal in Kannur.
Cubic metre per second
The cubic metre per second or cubic meter per second in American English (symbol m3⋅s−1 or  m3/s) is the unit of volumetric flow rate in the International System of Units (SI). It corresponds to the exchange or movement of the volume of a cube with sides of one metre (39.37 in) in length (a cubic meter, originally a stere) each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow.

The term cumec is sometimes used as an acronym for full unit name, with the plural form cumecs also common in speech. It is commonly used between workers in the measurement of water flow through natural streams and civil works, but rarely used in writing.

Data in units of m3⋅s−1 are used along the y-axis or vertical axis of a flow hydrograph, which describes the time variation of discharge of a river (the mean velocity multiplied by cross-sectional area).  A moderately sized river discharges in the order of 100 m3⋅s−1.

Stere
The stere or stère (st) is a unit of volume in the original metric system equal to one cubic metre. The stere is typically used for measuring large quantities of firewood or other cut wood, while the cubic meter is used for uncut wood.  The name was coined from the Greek στερεός stereós, "solid", in 1795 in France as a metric analogue to the cord. The unit was introduced to remove regional disparities of this former unit, for which the length could vary greatly from 6 to 13.5 m. It is not part of the modern metric system (SI) and is no longer a legal unit in France, but remains used in the commerce of firewood.
The Secret Agent's Blunder
The Secret Agent's Blunder (Russian: Ошибка резидента, romanized: Oshibka rezidenta), also translated as Resident's Mistake, is a 1968 (or 1966?) Soviet spy film directed by Venyamin Dorman.

It is the first of four films based around the same character, the spy Mikhail Tulyev, played by Georgy Zhzhyonov. The sequel, Secret Agent's Destiny (or Resident's Way) was released in 1970, with Resident Return (Resident Is Back) in 1982 and End of the Resident Project in 1986.

Vadim Zakharchenko
Vadim Viktorovich Zakharchenko (Russian: Вадим Викторович Захарченко; 19 February 1929 —  2 January 2007) was a Soviet and Russian actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1954 to 2002. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (1993).