hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Butler (entomologist)
Colin Gasking Butler (26 October 1913 – 4 January 2016) was a British entomologist who first isolated the pheromone, known as "queen substance", which attracts drones to queen bees.

The son of a schoolmaster, Butler was born at Horsham and educated at Monkton Combe School, Bath, and at Queens' College, Cambridge. Following his graduation, he won a scholarship doing research at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and was later appointed to superintend Cambridge University's entomological field station.

He eventually left Cambridge for the entomology department of the Rothamsted Experimental Station at Harpenden, where his research helped to uncover the "queen substance" pheromone. He worked at Rothamsted until his retirement in 1976 as head of the entomology department, publishing several books.

Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek  φέρω (phérō) 'to bear' and  hormone) is a chemical that is secreted or excreted by an organism, which triggers a social response in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology.
2024 Oeiras Indoors II – Doubles
Jay Clarke and Marcus Willis were the defending champions but only Willis chose to defend his title, partnering Arjun Kadhe. Willis lost in the final to Karol Drzewiecki and Piotr Matuszewski.

Drzewiecki and Matuszewski won the title after defeating Kadhe and Willis 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Jay Clarke (tennis)
Jay Alexander Clarke (born 27 July 1998) is a British tennis player, who competes on the ATP Challenger Tour. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 153 achieved on 22 July 2019. Clarke has won 5 Challenger and 12 Futures titles.

In 2017, on a Wimbledon wildcard, Clarke and Marcus Willis beat the defending doubles champions and second seeds, Nicolas Mahut and Pierre-Hugues Herbert, in the second round, in five sets.
Copper Bank
Copper Bank is a fishing village in the Corozal District of Belize. It is situated on the west bank of Laguna Seca, a shallow lagoon that empties into Chetumal Bay just north-east of the village. The closest settlement is Chunox, located approximately 1.25 miles away on the east bank of the Laguna Seca.

Access to the village is possible by road from Orange Walk, via the villages of San Estevan and Progresso. It is also possible to reach the village by road from Corozal, crossing the New River via the Pueblo Nuevo ferry, and from the populated community of Sarteneja, via a ferry across the mouth of Laguna Seca.

The village has been suggested as the site of a lost Mayan town, Uatibal, and several artifacts have been found in the vicinity.

San Estevan, Belize
San Estevan was the first town in the Orange Walk District of the nation of Belize. It later due to the migration of villagers to other parts of the country during a great epidemic.  According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 1,573 people.  The village is approximately 6 miles northeast from Orange Walk Town.

Most villagers rely on sugarcane as a source of income; San Estevan is surrounded by thousands of acres of cane plantations, and as much as 90% of villagers own parcels of sugar cane and are active cane farmers. The village is the number one producer of sugar cane in the two divisions of Corozal and Orange Walk. The New River passes through the left side of the village and the river is still used for transportation of sugar through barges up to Belize City, where it is sent abroad. Sugarcane is cultivated all year long and harvested from November to June. Cane is delivered to BSI (Belize Sugar Industries), located in Orange Walk on the Tower Hill Area.
William Merz
William G. Merz (April 25, 1878 – March 17, 1946) was an American gymnast and track and field athlete who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He died in Overland, Missouri.

In 1904 he won the silver medal in the rings event and a bronze medal in combined event, in vault event, in pommel horse event and in athletics' triathlon. He was fourth in team event, tenth in all-around competition and 24th in gymnastics' triathlon event.

1904 Summer Olympics
The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. This was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe.

Tensions caused by the Russo–Japanese War and difficulties in traveling to St. Louis resulted in very few top-class athletes from outside the United States and Canada taking part in the 1904 Games. Only 69–74 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America, and only between 12 and 15 nations were represented in all. Some events subsequently combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship. The current three-medal format of gold, silver and bronze for first, second and third place was introduced at the 1904 Olympics.
MTV Live (TV channel)
MTV Live, formerly Palladia, is an American pay television channel owned by the MTV Entertainment Group division of Paramount Skydance Corporation. Broadcasting exclusively in 1080i high definition and 5.1 surround sound, the channel broadcasts music videos and music-related programming from Paramount-owned channels MTV, MTV Classic, VH1 and CMT, along with other concert and live music programming from outside producers.

1080i
In high-definition television (HDTV) and video display technology, 1080i is a video display format with 1080 lines of vertical resolution and interlaced scanning method. This format was once a standard in HDTV. It was particularly used for broadcast television because it can deliver high-resolution images without needing excessive bandwidth. This format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard.
Jeffrey Mace
Jeffrey Solomon Mace, also known as the Patriot and Captain America, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created during the 1940s, a period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. As the Patriot, he first appeared in Human Torch Comics #4 (March 1941; mis-numbered #3 on cover), published by Marvel's 1940s precursor, Timely Comics.

In 1976, Marvel revealed via retroactive continuity that Mace had become the third Captain America some time after his World War II era adventures. He is also the uncle-by-marriage of Thunderbolt Ross.

The character was adapted into the Marvel Cinematic Universe TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., portrayed by Jason O'Mara.

Golden Age of Comic Books
The Golden Age of Comic Books describes an era in the history of American comic books from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern comic books were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The superhero archetype was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including Superman, Batman, Robin, Captain Marvel, Captain America, and Wonder Woman.
Coronach Mountain
Coronach Mountain is a 2,462-metre (8,077 ft) mountain summit located in Jasper National Park of Alberta, Canada. It is situated in the Bosche Range of the Canadian Rockies. The mountain was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland, who was inspired by the howling of nearby coyotes and applied the name Coronach, the Scottish Gaelic word for funeral dirge. Bridgland (1878–1948) was a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Aeolus, 3.5 km (2.2 mi) to the north.

Dominion Land Survey
The Dominion Land Survey (DLS; French: arpentage des terres fédérales, ATF) is the method used to divide most of Western Canada into one-square-mile (2.6 km2) sections for agricultural and other purposes.  It is based on the layout of the Public Land Survey System used in the United States, but has several differences. The DLS is the dominant survey method in the Prairie provinces, and it is also used in British Columbia along the Railway Belt (near the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway), and in the Peace River Block in the northeast of the province. Although British Columbia entered Confederation with control over its own lands (unlike the Northwest Territories and the Prairie provinces), British Columbia transferred these lands to the federal Government as a condition of the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The federal government then surveyed these areas under the DLS.
Hydnora visseri
Hydnora visseri, the Visser's hydnora, is a subterranean holoparasitic plant, lacking leaves and roots, and is described from southwestern Namibia and northwestern South Africa and has the longest tepal lobes of all Hydnora species. The genus Hydnora is composed entirely of holoparasitic plants that attach to the root of their hosts and are restricted to Africa and southwestern Asia.

Plastid DNA
Plastid DNA (ptDNA), also known as chloroplast DNA (cpDNA or ctDNA) in photosynthetic organisms, is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms, as well as some reduced plastids, such as apicoplasts. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959, and confirmed by electron microscopy in 1962. The discoveries that the chloroplast contains ribosomes and performs protein synthesis revealed that the chloroplast is genetically semi-autonomous. The first complete chloroplast genome sequences were published in 1986, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) by Sugiura and colleagues and Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) by Ozeki et al. Since then, tens of thousands of chloroplast genomes from various species have been sequenced.
Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island
The Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the state of Rhode Island. It is one of seven New England dioceses that make up Province 1.

The former episcopal seat of the diocese, the Cathedral of St. John is at 271 North Main Street in the see city of Providence. It has subsequently been closed. The bishop is the Right Reverend W. Nicholas Knisely, the thirteenth office holder.

The diocese reported 17,618 members in 2015 and 12,781 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported nationally in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income reported for the 52 congregations in 2024 was $9,171,215. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) in 2024 was 3,171 persons.

Alexander Viets Griswold
Alexander Viets Griswold (April 22, 1766 – February 15, 1843) was the 5th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States from 1836 until 1843. He was also the Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, which included all of New England with the exception of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut. Griswold was an evangelical Episcopalian.
Turn the Lights On (album)
Turn the Lights On (also known under the acronym TTLO) is the debut studio album by American singer, rapper and record producer Rico Love. It was released on May 18, 2015, by Interscope. The production on the album was handled primarily by Love, Danja, Jim Jonson, Jack Splash, DJ Dahi and his own orchestra, TTLO.

Jack Splash
Jack Splash is an American recording artist, musician, songwriter, and record producer from Los Angeles, California. Splash's works have won multiple Grammy's and include writing and production on singles for artists such as Alicia Keys, Kendrick Lamar, J. Cole, John Legend, CeeLo Green, Solange Knowles, Mayer Hawthorne, Goodie Mob, Ras Kass, B.o.B, R. Kelly, Pixie Lott, Christina Aguilera, Jazmine Sullivan, Jennifer Hudson, Melanie Fiona, Musiq Soulchild, Tank and the Bangas, K. Michelle, Keyshia Cole, Anthony Hamilton, Dirt Nasty, Estelle, Elijah Blake, Groove Armada, Zap Mama, Raheem DeVaughn, Natasha Bedingfield, Lemar, Kelis, Katy Perry, Missy Elliott, Mary J. Blige, Sia, Valerie June, Cimafunk & Rhiannon Giddens.
Hashan Chamara
Karunamani Hashan Chamara Silva (born 28 September 1995) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Kalutara Town Club in Tier B of the 2019–20 Premier League Tournament on 5 February 2020. He made his Twenty20 debut on 7 March 2021, for Panadura Sports Club in the 2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. He made his List A debut on 24 March 2021, for Panadura Sports Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.

Kalutara Town Club
Kalutara Town Club are a first-class cricket team based in Kalutara, Sri Lanka. They played one season of first-class cricket, in the 1996–97 Saravanamuttu Trophy. They had previously been the inaugural winner of the Daily News Trophy in 1938 in the days before it had first-class status. They currently play in Tier B of the Premier Trophy.

They played 13 first-class matches in 1996–97, losing 10 and drawing three, and finished last. Their captain was Pathmanath Perera, who hit the team's highest score, 133, against Sebastianites Cricket and Athletic Club, and took the best bowling figures, 6 for 41, against Panadura Sports Club.

Since that season Kalutara Town Club competed at the next level below first-class before returning to the Premier Trophy in 2016. Their home ground is now Surrey Village Cricket Ground in Maggona, not far from Kalutara.
Jon Brunt
Jonathan Brunt (born October 5, 1974) is an American curler from Portage, Wisconsin.

At the national level, he is a 2000 United States men's curling champion and a 2000 United States mixed curling champion curler.

United States Mixed Curling Championship
The United States Mixed Curling Championship is the annual national curling championship for mixed curling teams in the United States. A mixed curling team consists of two men and two women with the throwing order alternating by gender. The United States Curling Association (USCA) has held the Mixed Championship annually since 1975. Starting in 2015 the winner has gone on to represent the United States at the World Mixed Curling Championship.

The 2019 Mixed Curling Championship was held March 23 to 30, 2019 at the Denver Curling Club in Golden, Colorado. Ten teams qualified for the 2019 Championship through regional play-downs.

On July 17, 2020 the USCA announced that the 2020 edition of the Mixed Championship would be cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Royal Palm Hotel
Royal Palm Hotel has been the name of several hotels, including:

Royal Palm Hotel (Detroit, Michigan), a Registered Historic Place

Royal Palm Hotel (Havana)

Royal Palm Hotel (Miami), an early 20th-century luxury hotel

Park Avenue House
The Park Avenue House is a high rise residential building located at 2305 Park Avenue in the Park Avenue Historic District in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It should not be confused with the nearby Park Avenue Hotel, which was demolished in 2015.
Masha
In Russian, Masha (Маша) is a diminutive of Maria. Also as in Ukrainian is a diminutive of Mariia or Mariya. It has been used as a nickname or as a pet name for women named Maria or Marie. An alternative spelling in the Latin alphabet is "Macha". In Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, "Maša" is a diminutive of "Marija" but can be a given name in its own right.

The Jewish name Masha (מַשה) is of Biblical extraction. Tradition has it that the first Masha was named after a departed male named Moshe (Moses).

Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet comprises the letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. In a largely unaltered form (two splits, ⟨J⟩ from ⟨I⟩ and ⟨U⟩ from ⟨V⟩; an addition, ⟨W⟩; and extensions such as letters with diacritics), it forms the Latin script that is used to write many languages worldwide: in western and central Europe, in Africa, in the Americas, and in Oceania. It is the most widely used writing system in the world, used by over 3,000 languages, which is about 70% of the global population.

Its basic modern 26-letter inventory is standardized as the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
Château de Hohenstein
The Château de Hohenstein is a ruined castle situated on the road between Oberhaslach and Wangenbourg, not far from the Château du Nideck, in the commune of Oberhaslach in the Bas-Rhin département of France.

The property of the state, it has been listed since 1898 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin (French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ⓘ) is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture is based in Strasbourg. The INSEE and Post Code is 67.

On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace.

The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises.
SGN
SGN can refer to:

SGN (company), a gas distribution company operating in Scotland and southern England

Samsung Galaxy Note, a series of mobile phones

Postal code for San Ġwann, Malta

Seattle Gay News, owner of the sgn.org domain

Sélection de Grains Nobles, a French term for sweet wines made from grapes affected by noble rot

Some Good News, a YouTube series

Station code for South Greenford railway station, London, England

IATA code for Tan Son Nhat International Airport, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Sélection de Grains Nobles
Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN) is French for "selection of noble berries" and refers to wines made from grapes affected by noble rot. SGN wines are sweet dessert wines with rich, concentrated flavours. Alsace wines were the first to be described as Sélection de Grains Nobles, with the legal definition introduced in 1984, but the term is also seen in some other wine regions France, such as Loire.
2006 Nicky Rackard Cup
The 2006 Nicky Rackard Cup was the 2006 campaign of the Nicky Rackard Cup and began on Saturday June 10, 2006. 2006 was the second time this new element of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was introduced. It was devised by the Hurling Development Committee to encourage some of the weaker hurling counties and to give them the chance of playing more games. The final will be played on Sunday, August 13 in Croke Park, Dublin City.

Donegal, Armagh, Longford and Derry played in the semi-finals. Longford qualified by defeating the other two group runners-up. After winning their semi-finals, Donegal and Derry contested the final in Croke Park on August 12. Derry won easily and were promoted to the 2007 Christy Ring Cup.

Counties of Ireland
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island. They began as Norman structures, and as the powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control were established at a county level. The number of counties varied depending on the time period, however thirty-two is the traditionally accepted and used number.

In 1921, upon the partition of Ireland, six of the traditional counties became part of Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, counties ceased to be used for local government in 1973. Districts are instead used. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been split, resulting in the creation of new counties: there are currently 26 counties, 3 cities and 2 cities and counties that demarcate areas of local government in the Republic.
Rotterdamse Schouwburg
Rotterdamse Schouwburg is a theatre in Rotterdam in The Netherlands.

The first theatre was constructed in 1773–1774. It was replaced by a second structure in stone in 1852. A third building was inaugurated in 1887. The third Rotterdamse Schouwburg was destroyed during the German bombing of Rotterdam in 1940.

The present building of the Rotterdamse Schouwburg was inaugurated in 1988.

German bombing of Rotterdam
In 1940, Rotterdam was subjected to heavy aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe during the German invasion of the Netherlands during the Second World War. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch army to surrender. Bombing began at the outset of hostilities on 10 May and culminated with the destruction of the entire historic city centre on 14 May, an event sometimes referred to as the Rotterdam Blitz. According to an official list published in 2022, at least 1,150 people were killed, with 711 deaths in the 14 May bombing alone, and 85,000 more were left homeless.

The psychological and the physical success of the raid, from the German perspective, led the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) to threaten to destroy the city of Utrecht if the Dutch command did not surrender. The Dutch surrendered in the late afternoon of 14 May and signed the capitulation early the next morning.
Myomegalin
Myomegalin, also known as phosphodiesterase 4D-interacting protein or cardiomyopathy-associated protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDE4DIP gene. It has roles in the formation of microtubules from the centrosome. Its name derives from the fact that it is highly expressed in units of tubular myofibrils known as sarcomeres and is a large protein, at 2,324 amino acids. It was first characterised in 2000.

Placentalia
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia /plæsənˈteɪliə/) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia. Placentalia contains the vast majority of extant mammals, which are partly distinguished from monotremes and marsupials in that the fetus is carried in the uterus of its mother to a relatively late stage of development. The name is something of a misnomer, considering that marsupials also nourish their fetuses via a placenta, though for a relatively briefer period, giving birth to less-developed young, which are then nurtured for a period inside the mother's pouch. Placentalia represents the only living group within Eutheria, which contains all mammals that are more closely related to placentals than they are to marsupials.
Environmental health
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. Its study determines the requirements for a healthy environment, with the goal of effective control over the factors that affect health. The major sub-disciplines of environmental health are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and environmental and occupational medicine.

Annoyance
Annoyance is an unpleasant mental state that is characterized by irritation and distraction from one's conscious thinking. It can lead to emotions such as frustration and anger. The property of being easily annoyed is called irritability.