hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solomon ben Judah Ghayyat
Solomon ben Judah Ghayyat (Hebrew: שלמה  בן יהודה גיאת, romanized: Shelomo ben Yehuda Giyat; fl. 12th century) was a medieval Hebrew poet.

He was possibly a grandson of Isaac Ghayyat of Lucena. Solomon was on terms of friendship with Judah ha-Levi, who dedicated to him one of the most important compositions of his Diwan. This poem, which is a rejoinder to one of Ghayyat's, not only shows the high esteem which Ha-Levi had for his friend, but also refers to Ghayyat's poetic activity and talent.

Only two poems by Ghayyat have been preserved, and these are religious ones, namely, Shaḥoti we-Nidketi we-Libbi Zoḥel, a seliḥah for the Tenth of Tevet, in the ritual of Carpentras, and 'Enenu Ẓofiyyah 'Anenu mi-Sheme 'Aliyyab, a tokaḥah for the minḥah of Yom Kippur, in the rituals of Castile and Fez, as well as in some earlier editions of the Spanish Maḥzor.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497. They should therefore be distinguished both from the descendants of those expelled in 1492 and from the present-day Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.

The main present-day communities of Spanish and Portuguese Jews exist in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, and several other Jewish communities in the Americas have Spanish and Portuguese Jewish roots though they no longer follow the distinctive customs of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
Indiana State Road 340
State Road 340 (SR 340) is a State Road in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Indiana. Running for just over 5.5 miles (8.9 km) in a general east–west direction and completely with in Clay County, along the Historic National Road. Both ends of SR 340 are at intersections with U.S. Highway 40 (US 40), with the western end in Cloverland and the eastern end in Brazil. SR 340 was originally introduced in the late 1930s or early 1940s routed north of its modern routing. The road was moved to its modern routing in the 1960s.

Brazil, Indiana
Brazil is a city in Clay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 8,181 at the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Clay County. It is part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area. There is a fountain from the country of Brazil; Brazil often flies the Brazilian, Indiana flag, and U.S. flag alongside one another at the fountain.
Angadi
Angadi is a village in Mudigere taluk of Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka, India. It is traditionally regarded as the original home of the Hoysala dynasty, and its considered the historical heart of Jainism where most Jain present at the time. The village is notable for its ruined Hoysala temples, Jain basadis, and the legendary site where the Hoysala founder Sala (Hoysala Dynasty) is believed to have slain a tiger.

Belur, Karnataka
Belur (IPA: [beːluːru]) is a town and taluk in Hassan district in the state of Karnataka, India. The town is renowned for its Chennakeshava Temple dedicated to Vishnu, one of the finest examples of Hoysala architecture and the largest Hindu temple complex that has survived from pre-14th-century Karnata-Dravida tradition. It has been a Vaishnava Hindu pilgrimage center since at least the 12th century. It was also the first capital of the Hoysala dynasty, before they built Dwarasamudra (modern Halebid).

Belur is also Town Municipal Council and taluka. The Hoysala monuments at Belur and Halebidu have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2023.
Matthew Sklar
Matthew Sklar (born October 7, 1973)  is an American composer for musical theatre, television, and film.  His works have appeared on Broadway, the West End, and theatres worldwide. Sklar has written primarily with lyricist Chad Beguelin, having written music for their Broadway shows  The Prom, Elf the Musical, and The Wedding Singer. The Prom and The Wedding Singer earned him nominations for the Tony Award for Best Original Score.

Tony Award for Best Original Score
The Tony Award for Best Original Score is the Tony Award given to the composers and lyricists of the best original score written for a musical or play in that year. The score consists of music and/or lyrics. To be eligible, a score must be written specifically for the theatre and must be original; compilations of non-theatrical music or compilations of earlier theatrical music are not eligible for consideration.
Krasnovia
Krasnovia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. Its only described species is Krasnovia longiloba, native to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang. The genus was first described in 1950, and was named after Andrei Krasnov by M.G. Popov. The species was first described in 1842 as Sphallerocarpus longilobus.

A 2001 study using ribosomal DNA found that Neoconopodium, Krasnovia and Kozlovia were closely related within tribe Scandiceae subtribe Scandicinae, and proposed that they be combined into Kozlovia. As of December 2022, this proposal had been accepted by the Germplasm Resources Information Network, but not by Plants of the World Online.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Batara Eto
Batara Eto (衛藤バタラ, Etō Batara), formerly known as Batara Kesuma, is the co-founder and Chief Technology Officer (as of 2007) of mixi, a Japanese social networking site. He is currently co-founder and managing partner of East Ventures, a venture capital firm focusing on Japan and Southeast Asia.

He proposed mixi in December 2003, and was responsible for creating the corporation.

He was born on 27 July 1979 in Medan, Indonesia. He graduated from the Engineering division of Takushoku University.

Batara changed his citizenship to Japanese in March 2007, hence changing his last name to Eto, which is passed down from his grandfather who was originally from Japan.

Takushoku University
Takushoku University (拓殖 大学, Takushoku Daigaku), abbreviated as 拓大 (Takudai) is a private university in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded in 1900 by Prince (title for a Duke at that time) Taro Katsura (1848–1913). It has two campuses: the main campus in the Bunkyō Ward and a satellite campus in Hachiōji. Takushoku University has five faculties: Commerce, Political Science and Economics, Foreign Languages, International Studies, and Engineering.

Takushoku University is a university of security studies in Japan. A previous university chancellor, Satoshi Morimoto, was Japan's former Minister of Defense. Some past chancellors such as Taro Katsura and Yasuhiro Nakasone were previously Japanese prime ministers.
Eugene H. Lehman
Eugene Heitler Lehman (September 5, 1878/79 – August 21, 1972) was an American educator, author, and politician. He was the first American recipient of the Cecil Rhodes Scholarship, founder of the Highland Nature Camps, a mayor of Tarrytown, New York, and the first president of Monmouth College upon its status as a four-year university. Lehman was born in Pueblo, Colorado, to Jewish immigrants. He graduated from Pueblo's Centennial High School before attending Yale University, graduating in 1902. He taught English literature  at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City and Biblical literature at Yale.

Tarrytown, New York
Tarrytown is a village in the town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the New York metropolitan area. It is located on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, and is served by a stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the north of Tarrytown is the village of Sleepy Hollow (formerly North Tarrytown). The Tappan Zee Bridge crosses the Hudson at Tarrytown, carrying the New York State Thruway (Interstates 87 and 287) to South Nyack, Rockland County and points in Upstate New York. The population was 11,860 at the 2020 census.

Historically, the name "Tarrytown" was applied to a wider area around the village, including the neighboring communities of what is now Sleepy Hollow, Pocantico Hills, and Eastview; Sleepy Hollow was once considered a suburb of Tarrytown.
Radegast (god)
Radegast or Radogost is, according to medieval chroniclers, the god of the Polabian Slavs, whose temple was located in Rethra. In modern academic literature, however, the dominant view is that Radegast is a local nickname or a local alternative name of the solar god Svarozhits, who, according to earlier sources, was the chief god of Rethra. Some researchers also believe that the name of the town, where Svarozhits was the main deity, was mistakenly taken for a theonym. A popular local legend in the Czech Republic is related to Radegast.

Theonym
A theonym (from Greek theos (Θεός), 'god', attached to onoma (ὄνομα), 'name') is a proper name of a deity.

Theonymy, the study of divine proper names, is a branch of onomastics, the study of the etymology, history, and use of proper names. Theonymy helps develop an understanding of the function and societal views of particular gods and may help understand the origins of a society's language.

Analysis of theonyms has been useful in understanding the connections of Indo-European languages and possibly their religion. In all languages, the analysis of the possible etymological origin of a theonym can serve as basis for theories of its historical origin. Metaphysical and mystical meanings are also discerned in theonyms, as in Kabbalah. Theonyms can also appear as all or part of a name for a human, animal, plant, thing or place.
Çınarlı, Mut
Çınarlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Mut, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 101 (2022). It is situated on the Taurus Mountains to the east of Mut. The distance to Mut is 45 kilometres (28 mi) and Mersin 190 kilometres (120 mi).

Mut, Mersin
Mut is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,718 km2, and its population is 62,874 (2022).

Mut is a rural district at the foot of the Sertavul Pass on the road over the Taurus Mountains from Ankara and Konya to the Mediterranean coast at Anamur or Silifke. Mut is known for its special apricot variety, Mut şekerparesi, and a statue of a girl carrying a basket of them stands at the entrance to the town. The summer is hot and the people of Mut retreat to high meadows (so called yayla) even further up the mountainside. The forests up here are home to wild boar, and the Gezende reservoir on the Ermenek River is a welcome patch of blue in this dry district. The dam has a hydro-electric power station built in Romania.
Mount Longdon
Mount Longdon is a hill located in the east of East Falkland island forming part of the Falkland Islands Archipelago. It has an elevation of 186 metres (610 ft) above sea level. It is the highest land in any direction for 2 kilometres (1.2 miles). 
It is known as the site of the Battle of Mount Longdon, and overlooks Stanley, the capital of the Falkland Islands.

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 2,974. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,662 on Census Day – 10 October 2021.

Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: Stacy Bragger, Barry Elsby, Mark Pollard, Roger Spink, and Leona Vidal Roberts. An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973.

On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent, formally awarding it city status.
Alan Blacker
Alan Blacker (born July 1972, in Rochdale) is a former English solicitor advocate. Blacker first became known for being criticised for his appearance when attending court. Subsequently, Blacker was struck off after questions were asked about various qualifications and awards that he claimed to have received. Later, Blacker was found guilty of benefit fraud.

Disbarment
Disbarment, also known as striking off, is the removal of a lawyer from a bar association or the practice of law, thus revoking their law license or admission to practice law. Disbarment is usually a punishment for unethical or criminal conduct but may also be imposed for incompetence or incapacity. Procedures vary depending on the law society; temporary disbarment may be called suspension.
Francis Steffen
Francis Steffen (November 5, 1836 – December 15, 1879) was an American farmer from Hortonville, Wisconsin who spent two terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County, being elected first as a "Reform Democrat" and then re-elected as a Democrat.

Hortonville, Wisconsin
Hortonville is a village in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,028 at the 2020 census.

Hortonville is located in the Fox Cities region and the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI CSA, the third largest metropolitan area in Wisconsin.
Joe Mac Novice Hurdle
The Joe Mac Novice Hurdle is a Grade 3 National Hunt novice hurdle race in Ireland which is open to horses aged four years or older. 
It is run at Tipperary over a distance of about 2 miles (3,218 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.

The race was awarded Grade 3 status in 2003.

In line with several races at Tipperary, the race is named after a horse owned by J. P. McManus, Joe Mac. Between 2010 and 2016 it was run as the Dolores Purcell Memorial Novice Hurdle.

The race was first run in 1997 and was sponsored for many years by the company owned by J. P. McManus's younger brother, Kevin McManus Bookmakers.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Duffin–Schaeffer theorem
The Koukoulopoulos–Maynard theorem, historically known as the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture, is a theorem in mathematics, specifically Diophantine approximation. It was proposed as a conjecture by R. J. Duffin and A. C. Schaeffer in 1941 and proven in 2019 by Dimitris Koukoulopoulos and James Maynard.

It states that if  is a real-valued function taking on positive values, then for almost all  (with respect to Lebesgue measure), the inequality

has infinitely many solutions in coprime integers  with  if and only if

where  is Euler's totient function.

A higher-dimensional analogue of this conjecture was resolved by Vaughan and Pollington in 1990.

Richard Duffin
Richard James Duffin (1909 – October 29, 1996) was an American physicist, known for his contributions to electrical transmission theory and to the development of geometric programming and other areas within operations research.
Fergus Burke
Fergus Burke (born 3 September 1999) is a Scotland international rugby union player, currently playing for Premiership Rugby club Saracens in England, and previously for Super Rugby franchise Crusaders, and National Provincial Championship team Canterbury. Born in New Zealand, he represents Scotland at international level after qualifying on ancestry grounds.

Test match (rugby union)
A test match in rugby union is an international match, usually played between two senior national teams, that is recognised as such by at least one of the teams' national governing bodies.

Some teams do not represent a single country but their international games are still considered test matches (for example the British and Irish Lions). Likewise some countries award caps for games between their full national teams and some invitation teams such as the Barbarians.
Podklasztor
Podklasztor [pɔtˈklaʂtɔr] (English: "Under-monastery") is a former village in the administrative district of Gmina Krasnobród, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It has been part of Krasnobród since 1995. There is a former Dominican monastery and Roman Catholic Shrine of Our Lady of Krasnobród (Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Krasnobrodzkiej).

Zamość County
Zamość County (Polish: powiat zamojski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zamość, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Szczebrzeszyn, which lies 21 km (13 mi) west of Zamość, Zwierzyniec, which lies 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Zamość, and Krasnobród, 22 km (14 mi) south of Zamość.

The county covers an area of 1,872.27 square kilometres (722.9 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 107,441, including a population of 4,991 in Szczebrzeszyn, 3,175 in Zwierzyniec, 3,091 in Krasnobród, and a rural population of 96,184.
Northland Echo
Northland Echo was a sternwheel steamship operated by the Northern Transportation Company on the Mackenzie River system.

In 1910 the vessel carried the first buffalo to the new Buffalo National Park in Alberta.

In 1911 when the ice broke up in Lake Athabasca she competed with Athabasca River II in the rival fleet of the Hudson's Bay Company to see which vessel would be the first to travel from the railhead at Fort McMurray to Fort Fitzgerald, the southern terminus of the portage that connected the Mackenzie River system to the south.

Fort McMurray
Fort McMurray (/məkˈmʌri/ mək-MURR-ee) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo in Alberta, Canada. It is located in northeast Alberta, in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands, surrounded by boreal forest. It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry. The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage.

Formerly a city, Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No. 143 on April 1, 1995, to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo (renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14, 1996). Despite its current official designation of urban service area, many locals, politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city. Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962.
Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies
FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, abbreviated and often referred to as FDB, is a biopharmaceutical contract manufacturing organization that develops manufacturing processes and manufactures active ingredients and provides fill and finish services for pharmaceutical companies. FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies is the world's second largest contract manufacturer of biopharmaceuticals, with manufacturing facilities in Morrisville, North Carolina and College Station, Texas in the United States, Teesside, United Kingdom and Hillerød, Denmark in Europe, and recently added sites in Thousand Oaks, California and Watertown, Massachusetts. FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies operates a highly automated multipurpose manufacturing facility in College Station, Texas under the federal government's Center for Innovation in Advanced Development and Manufacturing (CIADM) program, which is the largest scale-out cell culture manufacturing facility in the United States.

Watertown, Massachusetts
Watertown is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, part of Greater Boston. The population was 35,329 in the 2020 census. Its neighborhoods include Bemis, Coolidge Square, East Watertown, Watertown Square, and the West End.

Watertown was one of the first Massachusetts Bay Colony settlements organized by Puritan settlers in 1630. The city is home to the Perkins School for the Blind, the Armenian Library and Museum of America, and the historic Watertown Arsenal, which produced military armaments from 1816 through World War II.
Setback (architecture)
A setback or step-back is a step-like form of a wall or other building frontage, also termed a recession or recessed story. Step-backs lower the building's center of mass, making it more stable. A setback as a minimum one-bay indent across all stories is called a recessed bay or recess and is the more common exterior form of an alcove.

Upper stories forming a step-back may form a belvedere – and in residential use are considered the penthouse. If part of the roof, then they are a loft or attic/garret.

Loft
A loft is a building's upper storey or elevated area in a room directly under the roof (American usage), or just an attic: a storage space under the roof usually accessed by a ladder (primarily British usage). A loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial.
Coral Bell
Coral Mary Bell AO (30 March 1923 – 26 September 2012) was an Australian academic at the University of Sussex, the London School of Economics, and the Australian National University, who wrote extensively about international relations and power politics.

Power politics
Power politics is a term which denotes an approach to political matters which aims to enhance the power of government actors. The term has much usage in the realm of international relations, and it is often used pejoratively.

The German term for it, Machtpolitik, emphasizes conflict between nations as a way to assert national will and strengthen the state. This idea is related to Realpolitik but specifically acknowledges the use of force in establishing the German Empire. It often involves a romanticized view of military virtues and the belief that international conflicts serve a moral purpose.

In the context of social and political power more broadly, historians argue that people in power tend to use more coercive tactics, increase social distance from those with less power, distrust those with less power, and undervalue their work and abilities.