hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pinhead mirror
A pinhead mirror can be used to create a camera similar to a pinhole camera. Instead of passing through a tiny aperature, the light to form the image is reflected by a small disc-shaped mirror (with a diameter the same as that of a pinhole; about 0.15 mm - 0.4 mm). One advantage is that a pinhead mirror can be swiveled to scan a scene or project a scene to different locations.

Pinhead mirror technology was protected under US patent 4,948,211 - "Method and Apparatus for Optical Imaging Using a Small, Flat Reflecting Surface" until the patent expired in 2009.

Disco balls can be used as pinhead mirrors to project solar images. The math behind them is the same as for a square pinhole.

Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the centre of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere.

In more modern usage, the length  of a diameter is also called the diameter. In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter (which refers to the line segment itself), because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length, this being twice the radius

The word "diameter" is derived from Ancient Greek: διάμετρος (diametros), "diameter of a circle", from διά (dia), "across, through" and μέτρον (metron), "measure". It is often abbreviated  or
Richard Ríos
Richard Ríos Montoya (born 2 June 2000) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Primeira Liga club Benfica and the Colombia national team. Ríos is renowned for his versatility and ball-winning ability.

After beginning his career in Brazil with Flamengo and Guarani, he moved to Palmeiras, where he won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A in 2023 and the Campeonato Paulista in 2024. In 2025, he transferred to Benfica and won the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in his debut season.

Internationally, Ríos debuted for Colombia in 2022 and was part of the squad that finished runners-up at the 2024 Copa América.

Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsupɛɾ ˈtasɐ ˈkɐ̃diðu ðɨ ɔliˈvɐjɾɐ]; English: Cândido de Oliveira Super Cup, or simply Portuguese Super Cup) is an annual Portuguese football match played since 1979 between the winners of the top-tier league (Primeira Liga) and cup (Taça de Portugal) competitions.a The match and trophy are named after former Portuguese player, coach and sports journalist Cândido de Oliveira. Recognised and organised by the Portuguese Football Federation since 1981, the Supertaça is usually played in August, before the start of the league season.
1995 Topper Open – Doubles
Marcelo Filippini and Luiz Mattar were the defending champions but Mattar did not compete this year, having retired from professional tennis during this season. Filippini teamed up with Federico Dondo and lost in the quarterfinals to Luis Lobo and Javier Sánchez.

Sergio Casal and Emilio Sánchez won the title by defeating Jiří Novák and David Rikl 2–6, 7–6, 7–6 in the final.

David Rikl
David Rikl (born 27 February 1971) is a former professional tennis player from the Czech Republic. His success came mostly in doubles, winning 30 titles and finishing runner-up at the 2004 US Open and 2001 Wimbledon Championships Doubles events. He also achieved a singles ranking of world No. 41 in May 1994.
Walter E. Lawrence
Walter Edward Lawrence (December 8, 1905 Somerville, Massachusetts – April 9, 1967 Haverhill, Massachusetts) was an American politician and city manager who served as a member of Massachusetts House of Representatives and as Mayor of Medford.

Medford, Massachusetts
Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and Somerville border.
Lake Mahinapua
Lake Mahinapua is a shallow lake on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. Once a lagoon at the mouth of the Hokitika River, it became a lake when the river shifted its course. Lake Māhinapua was the site of a significant battle between Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Wairangi Māori, and is regarded by them as a sacred site where swimming and fishing are prohibited. In European times it was part of an inland waterway that carried timber and settlers between Hokitika and Ross until the building of the railway. Today, it is protected as a scenic reserve for boating, camping, and hiking.

Southern Alps
The Southern Alps (Māori: Kā Tiritiri o te Moana; officially Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana) is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the range's western side. The name "Southern Alps" generally refers to the entire range, although separate names are given to many of the smaller ranges that form part of it.

The range includes the South Island's Main Divide, which separates the water catchments of the more heavily populated eastern side of the island from those on the west coast. Politically, the Main Divide forms the boundary between the Marlborough, Canterbury and Otago regions to the southeast and the Tasman and West Coast regions to the northwest.
Chermside, Queensland
Chermside is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.  The suburb is situated 9.8 kilometres (6.1 mi) by road north of the Brisbane CBD. It is home to a large Westfield shopping centre. In the 2021 census, Chermside had a population of 11,426 people.

Myer
Myer (stylised MYER) is an Australian mid-range to upscale department store. It trades in all Australian states and one of Australia's two self-governing territories. Myer retails a broad range of products across women's, men's, and children's clothing, as well as footwear and accessories, cosmetics and fragrance, homewares, electrical, connected home, furniture, toys, books and stationery, food and confectionery, and travel goods.

Myer's primary department store rival is David Jones. The Myer Group also comprises the fashion brands Sass & Bide, Marcs, David Lawrence, Just Jeans, Jay Jays, Jacqui E, Portmans and Dotti.

Australian model, and Miss Universe 2004, Jennifer Hawkins was the long-serving 'face of Myer' for 12 years, until her departure from the role in 2018.
Chakchiuma
The Chakchiuma were a Native American tribe of the upper Yazoo River region of what is today the state of Mississippi.

In the late 17th century, French explorers identified the Chakchiuma as "a Chicacha nation," indicating that they were related to the Chickasaw and similar Western Muskogean speaking–tribes. They likely shared a common origin as the Chickasaw and Choctaw people and merged into the Chickasaw Nation in the mid-18th century.

Muskogean languages
Muskogean (/məˈskoʊɡiən/ mə-SKOH-ghee-ən; also Muskhogean) is a language family spoken in the Southeastern United States. Members of the family are Indigenous languages of the Americas. Typologically, Muskogean languages are highly synthetic and agglutinative. One documented language, Apalachee, is no longer spoken, and the remaining languages are critically endangered.
Lars Bak
Lars Ytting Bak (born 16 January 1980) is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2019 for the Fakta, BankGiroLoterij, Team Saxo Bank, HTC–Highroad, Lotto–Soudal and Team Dimension Data squads. Since retiring as a rider, Bak has acted as a directeur sportif for NTT Pro Cycling in 2020, and as team manager for UCI Women's WorldTeam Uno-X Pro Cycling Team in 2022.
He now works as an expert for danish TV2, commentating events like Tour De France.

Lotto–Intermarché
Lotto–Intermarché (UCI team code: LOI) is a Belgian professional cycling team at UCI WorldTour level sponsored by the Belgian lottery and Intermarché. The same organisations also sponsor a women's cycling team, Lotto–Intermarché Ladies.
Mystic chord
In music, the mystic chord or Prometheus chord is a six-note synthetic chord and its associated scale, or pitch collection, that loosely serves as the harmonic and melodic basis for some of Russian composer Alexander Scriabin's later pieces. Scriabin did not use the chord directly but rather derived material from its transpositions.

When rooted in C, the mystic chord consists of the pitch classes C, F♯, B♭, E, A, and D.

This is often interpreted as a quartal hexachord consisting of an augmented fourth, diminished fourth, augmented fourth, and two perfect fourths. The chord is related to other pitch collections. For example, it is a hexatonic subset of the overtone scale, also known in jazz circles as the Lydian dominant scale, lacking the perfect fifth.

Transposition (music)
In music, transposition refers to the process or operation of moving a collection of notes (pitches or pitch classes) up or down in pitch by a constant interval.

The shifting of a melody, a harmonic progression or an entire musical piece to another key, while maintaining the same tone structure, i.e. the same succession of whole tones and semitones and remaining melodic intervals.

For example, a music transposer might transpose an entire piece of music into another key. Similarly, one might transpose a tone row or an unordered collection of pitches such as a chord so that it begins on another pitch.

The transposition of a set A by n semitones is designated by Tn(A), representing the addition (mod 12) of an integer n to each of the pitch class integers of the set A. Thus the set (A) consisting of 0–1–2 transposed by 5 semitones is 5–6–7 (T5(A)) since 0 + 5 = 5, 1 + 5 = 6, and 2 + 5 = 7.
Ruslan Kotsaba
Ruslan Petrovych Kotsaba (Ukrainian: Руслан Петрович Коцаба; born 18 August 1966) is a Ukrainian journalist, activist, blogger and conscientious objector who has been described as a pro-Russian blogger by USA Today and as a prisoner of conscience by human rights organisations.

Kotsaba is known for his call in January 2015 to boycott the fourth wave of mobilization in Ukraine during the war in Donbas. In May 2016 he was found guilty of obstructing the activities of the armed forces and was sentenced to 3 years and 6 months imprisonment. He was acquitted by the Court of Appeal and released in July 2016 after having spent 524 days in prison. The acquittal was annulled in June 2017 and the trial was still ongoing in 2022.

As of 2022, Kotsaba is a controversial figure in his country and abroad, and has been a victim of threats and politically motivated violence.

112 Ukraine
112 Ukraine (Ukrainian: 112 Україна) was a private Ukrainian TV channel which provided 24-hour news coverage. 112 Ukraine was available on satellites AMOS 2/3, via the DVB-T2 network, and was also available in packages of all major Ukrainian cable operators until it was banned from broadcasting in Ukraine in February 2021. The channel was focused on live broadcasting.

It was reportedly affiliated with the pro-Russian politician and businessman Viktor Medvedchuk. Since December 2018, the channel has been owned by Taras Kozak, a parliament member of Opposition Platform — For Life who is reportedly an associate of Medvedchuk. The broadcasting of the channel was prohibited on 2 February 2021 by the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine as part of the imposed sanctions on Kozak. The channel was immediately shut down but continued to livestream its content on the Internet. On 5 March 2021, YouTube blocked the live broadcasts of the channel.
Canton of Freyming-Merlebach
The canton of Freyming-Merlebach is an administrative division of the Moselle department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Freyming-Merlebach.

It consists of the following communes:

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
Journal of Developing Societies
The Journal of Developing Societies is a refereed international journal on development and social change not only in 'developing' countries but also the 'developed' societies of the world. It provides an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of theoretical perspectives, research findings, case studies, policy analyses and normative critiques on the issues, problems and policies of both mainstream and alternative approaches to development.

The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

This journal is edited by Richard L Harris, who oversees the publication and ensures the quality and relevance of its scholarly content.

Committee on Publication Ethics
The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is a nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to define best practice in the ethics of scholarly publishing and to assist editors and publishers to achieve this.
International Contact Group on the Mano River Basin
The International Contact Group on the Mano River Basin (ICG-MRB) is an ad-hoc formed International Contact Group created to liaise in the situation in Liberia.

It is the successor to the International Contact Group on Liberia, with an expanded remit to deal with the entire Mano River basin region.

Mano River
The Mano River is a river in West Africa. It rises in the Guinea Highlands in Liberia and forms part of the Liberia-Sierra Leone border.

The districts through which the river flows include the Parrot's Beak area of Guinea, Liberia's Lofa County and the Kono and Kailahun District of Sierra Leone. Diamond mining is a major industry in these areas. Control of the area's wealth and the instability of the national governments of all three countries led to a series of violent conflicts involving these districts in the 1990s (See Sierra Leone Civil War, First Liberian Civil War, Second Liberian Civil War).

Liberia and Sierra Leone founded the Mano River Union in 1973. Guinea joined in 1980. It was reactivated in 2004 as a customs and economic union; Côte d'Ivoire joined in 2008.
Takamuko no Kuromaro
Takamuko no Kuromaro (高向 玄理; died 654) was a Japanese scholar and diplomat of the Asuka period.

Karumauro traveled to China with Ono no Imoko as kenzuishi representing Empress Suiko in 608. He remained in China for thirty-two years.  Following his return in 640, he was awarded the title Kuni no hakase (国博士, "National Scholar").  Karumauro helped write the Taika Reforms in 645.  He was sent again as an ambassador to China (kentōshi). Takamuko died upon his arrival in Chang'an in 654.

Empress Suiko
Empress Suiko (推古天皇, Suiko-tennō) (554 – 15 April 628) was the 33rd monarch of Japan, and the country's first and longest-reigning empress regnant, according to the traditional order of succession.

Suiko reigned from 593 until her death in 628.
Iglesia de San Pío X (Todoque)
The Church of Saint Pius X (Spanish: Iglesia de San Pío X) was a Catholic church located in Todoque, Los Llanos de Aridane, La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). Built in 1954 and destroyed during the 2021 Cumbre Vieja volcanic eruption, it was the world's first church dedicated to Pope Pius X.

Los Llanos de Aridane
Los Llanos de Aridane is a municipality of the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. It is located in the west of the island of La Palma, in the Aridane Valley. With 20,930 inhabitants (2013) it is the most populous municipality of La Palma.
Neville Roy Singham
Neville Roy Singham (born May 13, 1954) is an American businessman and social activist. He is the founder and former chairman of Thoughtworks, an IT consulting company that provides custom software, software tools, and consulting services, which he sold to a private equity firm for $785 million in 2017.

In 2019, Singham started a consulting business with partners in the propaganda apparatus of the Chinese Communist Party; the partners are co-owners with Tongren City (Guizhou province) of a "media company that promotes anti-poverty policies" according to The New York Times.

Singham is a socialist benefactor of far-left causes, and an admirer of Maoism. According to The New York Times, he has provided significant funding for media outlets, organizations, and politicians around the world that promote pro-Chinese government propaganda.

NewsClick
NewsClick is an Indian news website founded by Prabir Purkayastha in 2009, who also serves as the Editor-in-Chief. The main headquarters are situated in New Delhi, with an additional office branch in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
W. Craig Lawing
William Craig Lawing (July 6, 1925 – June 10, 1999) was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (1971–1976) and of the North Carolina Senate (1977–1984) representing Mecklenburg County, and served as President Pro Tempore of the North Carolina Senate for three terms (1979–1984). While a senator, Lawing was a sponsor of the Equal Rights Amendment, which the legislature rejected.

Lawing was the longest-serving president pro tem of the state senate until Marc Basnight.

He died in 1999.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
I Am House
"I Am House" is a song recorded, co-written, and produced by American singer Crystal Waters featuring the American production duo Sted-e & Hybrid Heights. The House-themed single reached number one on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart in its April 21, 2018 issue, giving Waters her twelfth number one, as well as the third for the duo, each with previous collaborations with Waters.

Crystal Waters
Crystal Waters (born November 19, 1961) is an American house and dance music singer and songwriter, best known for her 1990s dance hits "Gypsy Woman", "100% Pure Love", and 2007's "Destination Calabria" with Alex Gaudino. All three of her studio albums produced a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her as one of the most successful dance artists of all time. Her accolades include six ASCAP Songwriter awards, three American Music Award nominations, an MTV Video Music Award nod, four Billboard Music Awards and twelve No. 1 Billboard Dance Chart hits. Her hit song "Gypsy Woman” has been sampled hundreds of times. Though her music sales have yet to be re-certified, Waters has sold over 7 million records worldwide.
Cornwell Scout Badge
The Cornwell Scout Badge is a gallantry award of The Scout Association of the United Kingdom and some of its branches in other countries. The award was named in honour of Jack Cornwell, a navy sailor and Scout, who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross after he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. It is awarded in recognition of devotion to duty, courage and endurance.

Posthumous promotion
A posthumous promotion is an advancement in rank or position in the case of a person who is dead.  Posthumous promotions are most often associated with the military, but may be granted in other fields such as business, public safety, science, or the arts. The higher rank is typically intended as a ceremonial recognition of one's achievements, bestowed after their death, though in the case of the military can occur erroneously if the recipient is reported missing before their death is confirmed.
Isla Calavera
Isla Calavera, or the Skull, is an island in the Gulf of California, located within Bahía de los Ángeles east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Ensenada Municipality. It is named skull due to a covering of Guano everywhere except three portions that, from some angles, give the appearance of eye and nose sockets. Sights and sounds from the island contribute to fisherman telling tales of "The Skull". Its northern shore is home to a sea lion colony.

Gulf of California
The Gulf of California (Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland. It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui. The surface of the gulf is about 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi). Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics.

The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates. Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Biatora terrae-novae
Biatora terrae-novae is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists Christian Printzen and John McCarthy. The type specimen was collected along the Route de mon grand-père Trail in Port au Port Peninsula, where it was found growing on moss at base of a stem of balsam fir. The species contains argopsin, and norargopsin as major and minor lichen products, respectively.

Port au Port Peninsula
The Port au Port Peninsula (French: péninsule de Port-au-Port; Mi'kmaq: Kitpu) is a peninsula in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Roughly triangular in shape, it is located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland.
Lillian Ortiz-Self
Lillian Ortiz-Self (born 1960) is an American politician serving as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 21st District. Ortiz-Self was appointed to the state legislature on January 21, 2014 by the Snohomish County Council.

She's a member of the Washington state Commission on Hispanic Affairs. She also serves on the Educational Opportunity Gap Oversight and Accountability Committee.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Luffia lapidella
Luffia lapidella is a moth of the Psychidae family found in Europe. It was first described by the German zoologist,
Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1783. The larvae live in cases and feed on lichens and the female moths are wingless.

Johann August Ephraim Goeze
Johann August Ephraim Goeze (German: [joˈhan ˈʔaʊɡʊst ˈʔeːfʁa.ɪm ˈɡœtsə]; 28 May 1731 – 27 June 1793) was a German pastor and zoologist, born in Aschersleben. He translated numerous works on zoology into German and conducted microscopic observations on organisms. He is best known for the discovery of tardigrades in 1773, which he called as "water bears".