hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bygrave slide rule
The Bygrave slide rule is a slide rule named for its inventor, Captain Leonard Charles Bygrave of the RAF.  It was used in celestial navigation, primarily in aviation. Officially, it was called the A. M. L. Position Line Slide Rule (A.M.L. for Air Ministry Laboratories).

It was developed in 1920 at the Air Ministry Laboratories at Kensington in London and was produced by Henry Hughes & Son Ltd of London until the mid-1930s. It solved the so-called celestial triangle accurately to about one minute of arc and quickly enough for aerial navigation.  The solution of the celestial triangle used the John Napier rules for solution of square-angled spherical triangles.  The slide rule was constructed as two coaxial tubes with spiral scales, like the Fuller's cylindrical slide rules, with yet another tube on the outside carrying the cursors.

During the Second World War, a closely related version was produced in Germany by Dennert & Pape as the HR1, MHR1 and HR2.

John Napier
John Napier of Merchiston (/ˈneɪpi.ər/ NAY-pee-ər; Latinized as Ioannes Neper; 1 February 1550 – 4 April 1617), nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston, was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms. He also invented the Napier's bones calculating device and popularised the use of the decimal point in arithmetic.

Napier's birthplace, Merchiston Tower in Edinburgh, is now part of the facilities of Edinburgh Napier University. There is a memorial to him at St Cuthbert's Parish Church at the west end of Princes Street Gardens in Edinburgh.
George Andersen
George Andersen (September 19, 1900 – December 12, 1965) was an American lawyer and partner in the San Francisco-based law firm of Gladstein, Andersen, Leonard & Sibbett. One of his clients, Harry Bridges of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), allegedly supported communist or pro-communist legal organizations from the 1930s to the 1960s including International Labor Defense, the International Juridical Association, and the National Lawyers Guild as well as holding stock in the communist newspaper People's World.

Civil Rights Congress
The Civil Rights Congress (CRC) was a United States civil rights organization, formed in 1946 at a national conference for radicals and disbanded in 1956.  It succeeded the International Labor Defense, the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties, and the National Negro Congress, serving as a defense organization. Beginning about 1948, it became involved in representing African Americans sentenced to death and other highly prominent cases, in part to highlight racial injustice in the United States. After Rosa Lee Ingram and her two teenage sons were sentenced in Georgia, the CRC conducted a national appeals campaign on their behalf, their first for African Americans.

The CRC coordinated nationally, with 60 chapters at its peak in 1950. These acted on local issues. Most were located on the East and West coasts, with only about 10 chapters in the states of the former Confederacy, five of them in Texas.
İnler, Polatlı
İnler is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Polatlı, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 338 (2022). It is located 115 km from Ankara city and 45 km from Polatlı town. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ankara Province
Ankara Province (Turkish: Ankara ili, pronounced [ˈaŋkaɾa iˈli]) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey with the capital city Ankara. Its area is 25,632 km2, and its population is 5,782,285 (2022).
Dafydd Hewitt
Dafydd Hewitt (born 21 August 1985) is a retired Welsh rugby union player.

A centre, from Llantwit Major RFC he played at every level for his local club before stepping up to regional rugby in 2004 with the Cardiff Blues. He was selected for the Wales national rugby sevens team squad in 2007. Hewitt captained Wales Under 21s at the 2006 Under 21 Rugby World Championship. Hewitt's brother Rhys plays at hooker for Bridgend Ravens.

Having been selected as one of four club Vice Captains for 2012/13 season, after making only two appearances in 2014–15 season, Hewitt retired in April 2015 on medical advice due to a persistent neck injury.

Bridgend Ravens
Bridgend Ravens (Welsh: Cigfrain Pen-y-bont) (formerly Bridgend RFC) are a semi-professional rugby union club based in Bridgend, South Wales.

They currently play in Super Rygbi Cymru and are a feeder club to the Ospreys regional team.
Imsland Church
Imsland Church (Norwegian: Imsland kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Vindafjord Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Imslandsjøen. It is the church for the Imsland parish which is part of the Haugaland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1861 using designs by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 260 people.

Diocese of Stavanger
The Diocese of Stavanger (Norwegian: Stavanger bispedømme) is a diocese in the Church of Norway. It covers all of Rogaland county in western Norway. The cathedral city is Stavanger, where the Stavanger Cathedral is located.  The bishop is Anne Lise Ådnøy, who has held the post since 2019.
Send Your Love
"Send Your Love" is a song by English musician Sting, released as the lead single from his seventh studio album, Sacred Love (2003), on 30 July 2003. Written by Sting and co-produced by him and Kipper, "Send Your Love" features Spanish composer Vicente Amigo on the flamenco guitar. The song peaked at number 30 on the UK Singles Chart, entered the top 10 in Italy, and reached number one on the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart.

The B-side of the "Send Your Love" CD single is a remix of Sting's 1986 single "Moon over Bourbon Street" by Japanese producer Cornelius. "Send Your Love" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards, losing to Justin Timberlake's "Cry Me a River". Sting performed the song at the 2003 Billboard Music Awards before he accepted the Century Award, marking the first time that any of the award's recipients had performed at the ceremony.

2003 Billboard Music Awards
These are the winners of the 2003 Billboard Music Awards, an awards show based on chart performance, and number of downloads and total airplay. All winners are in bold. Beyoncé won 5 awards out of 6 nominations, while R Kelly and 50 Cent both won 4 awards out of 5 nominations.
Directed algebraic topology
In mathematics, directed algebraic topology is a refinement of algebraic topology for directed spaces, topological spaces and their combinatorial counterparts equipped with some notion of direction.  Some common examples of directed spaces are spacetimes and simplicial sets.  The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify directed spaces up to directed analogues of homotopy equivalence.  For example, homotopy groups and fundamental n-groupoids of spaces generalize to homotopy monoids and fundamental n-categories of directed spaces.  Directed algebraic topology, like algebraic topology, is motivated by the need to describe qualitative properties of complex systems in terms of algebraic properties of state spaces, which are often directed by time.  Thus directed algebraic topology finds applications in concurrency (computer science), network traffic control, general relativity, noncommutative geometry, rewriting theory, and biological systems.

Higher category theory
In mathematics, higher category theory is the part of category theory at a higher order, which means that some equalities are replaced by explicit arrows in order to be able to explicitly study the structure behind those equalities. Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology (especially in homotopy theory), where one studies algebraic invariants of spaces, such as the fundamental weak ∞-groupoid.

In higher category theory, the concept of higher categorical structures, such as (∞-categories), allows for a more robust treatment of homotopy theory, enabling one to capture finer homotopical distinctions, such as differentiating two topological spaces that have the same fundamental group but differ in their higher homotopy groups. This approach is particularly valuable when dealing with spaces with intricate topological features, such as the Eilenberg-MacLane space.
Saint-Amant-de-Bonnieure
Saint-Amant-de-Bonnieure (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿amɑ̃ də bɔnjœʁ], literally Saint-Amant of Bonnieure) is a former commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Val-de-Bonnieure.

Charente
Charente (French: [ʃaʁɑ̃t] ⓘ; Saintongese: Chérente; Occitan: Charanta [tʃaˈɾantɔ]) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2019, it had a population of 352,015.
Letters from a Flying Machine
Letters from a Flying Machine is an album by American singer-songwriter Peter Mulvey, released in 2009. Letters from a Flying Machine is a collection of new songs and spoken-word "letters" by Mulvey, the letters written while in flight to his nieces and nephews.

Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter is a musician who writes, composes, and performs their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. In the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition with a guitar, although this role has transmuted through different eras of popular music. Traditionally, these musicians would write and sing songs personal to them. Singer-songwriters often provide the sole musical accompaniment to an entire song. The piano is also an instrument of choice.
Santa Isabel (Boa Vista)
Santa Isabel (Portuguese meaning "Saint Elizabeth") is a freguesia (civil parish) of Cape Verde. It covers the western part of the island of Boa Vista, and contains the island's capital Sal Rei. The freguesia consists of the following settlements:

Bofarreira

Estância de Baixo

Povoação Velha

Rabil (town)

Sal Rei (city)

It is also an eponymous parish church in the city of Sal Rei.

Elizabeth of Portugal
Elizabeth of Portugal (Elisabet in Catalan, Isabel in Aragonese, Portuguese and Spanish; 4 January 1271 – 4 July 1336), also known as Elizabeth of Aragon, was Queen of Portugal from 1282 to 1325 as the wife of King Denis. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, under the name Saint Elizabeth of Portugal or Queen Saint Elizabeth (Rainha Santa Isabel in Portuguese).
She's on My Mind
'She's On My Mind' is a song by English singer JP Cooper. It was released as the fourth single of his debut studio album Raised Under Grey Skies.

The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 21 July 2017 through Island Records. The song has charted in Belgium. The song was written by John Paul Cooper, Teemu Brunila, Benjamin McIldowie and Jon Cobbe Hume.

Jon Hume
Jon Cobbe Hume (born Jonathan Daniel Cobbe) is an Australian-born New Zealand musician, songwriter and producer based between Los Angeles and Nashville. He has written and produced songs for JP Cooper, Galantis, Bebe Rexha, Guy Sebastian, Sofi Tukker, Dean Lewis, Icona Pop, Elle King, Joshua Bassett, Wilder Woods and Zhu. He is also known as the eldest of three brothers (with Peter and Dann Hume) who made up the New Zealand band Evermore (1999–2014), of which he was the lead singer.

In 2019 Hume and Lewis were acknowledged by APRA AMCOS for co-writing "Be Alright" when it was added to their billion streams list. At the APRA Music Awards of 2023, Hume won Most Performed Alternative Work for co-writing "Hurtless" with Lewis; it was also nominated for Most Performed Australian Work. Hume's song "Don't Forget" featured as the theme song for the second, third and fourth seasons of Welcome to Wrexham.
Fife (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Before the Acts of Union 1707, the barons of the shire of Fife elected commissioners to represent them in the Parliament of Scotland and in the Convention of the Estates. The number of commissioners was increased from two to four in 1690.

After 1708, Fife was represented by one Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons at Westminster.

Convention of the Estates of Scotland
The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially, it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Convention of Estates differed from Parliament in that it could be summoned by the King for the limited purpose of raising taxation, but could not pass other legislation.

Like its predecessor General Council it played an important role in political and legislative affairs in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

During the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish Privy Council asked the King of England, William of Orange, to summon the Convention of Estates of 1689 to determine the throne of Scotland.  It offered it to William and Mary, adopting the Articles of Grievances and Claim of Right Act 1689, and transformed itself into a full parliament.
Paul Considine
Paul Considine (born 11 June 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League during the 1980s.  He played 7 games for Hawthorn between 1981 and 1985. He was recruited from the Ringwood Football Club.

He now works with his four brothers for the Secon Freight Logistics company, which his father Maurie Considine started in 1969.  Maurie also played football for Hawthorn in the 1950s.

Eastern Football Netball League
The Eastern Football Netball League (EFNL), formerly known as the Eastern Districts Football League (EDFL) and later the Eastern Football League (EFL), is an Australian rules football and netball league based in the eastern suburbs of metropolitan Melbourne.
Pokali waterfall
Pokali waterfall is located in Okhaldhunga district of Nepal draining to the Likhu river. With a fall height of 130 m, it is considered second tallest fall of Nepal.

There is a Madhav temple near the waterfall which is visited by the hindus of surrounding districts. An annual festival is conducted near the waterfall to promote tourism  as it is considered as one of the potential site for touristic activities.

Okhaldhunga District
Okhaldhunga District (Nepali: ओखलढुङ्गा जिल्लाListenⓘ) is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with the municipality of Okhaldhunga as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,074.5 km2 (414.9 sq mi) and had a population of 156,702 in 2001 and 147,984 in 2011.

Okhaldhunga is the birthplace of Siddhicharan Shrestha. Shrestha, known as the Yug Kawi of Nepal (poet of the era), is a famous Nepali poet and is primarily known for his poem and song Mero Pyāro Okhalḍhungā (My dear Okhaldhunga).
Kaantaye Kaantaye
Kaantaye Kaantaye is Bengali suspense-thriller web-series directed by Joydeep Mukherjee and produced by Shyamsundar De. It is an adaptation of Narayan Sanyal's P. K. Basu series novel Sonar Kaanta, which is actually inspired by The Mousetrap of Agatha Christie. This is the second time P. K. Basu series has been adapted for the screen, the first time being in 1974 when Tarun Majumdar made Jadi Jantem featuring Uttam Kumar as the protagonist.

The series was released on 15 August 2024.

The Mousetrap
The Mousetrap is a murder mystery play by Agatha Christie. The longest-running West End show, it also has by far the longest run of any play in the world, reaching its 30,000th performance on 19 March 2025. The play opened in London's West End in 1952 and ran continuously until 16 March 2020, when the stage performances had to be temporarily discontinued during the COVID-19 pandemic. It then re-opened on 17 May 2021. As of 2022 the play had been seen by 10 million people in London.

A whodunit, the play has a twist ending which the audience are traditionally asked not to reveal after leaving the theatre. There are eight members of the cast, and by 2012 more than 400 actors had played the roles. Richard Attenborough was the original Detective Sergeant Trotter, and his wife, Sheila Sim, the first Mollie Ralston – owner of Monkswell Manor guesthouse. Since then few of the cast have been headliners, with Stephen Moss in The Guardian writing that "the play and its author are the stars".
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes inappropriate chromosomal segregation in mitosis process and because of it, some cells are aneuploid (mosaic). It is caused by mutation BUB1, BUB1B, BUB3, CEP57 or TRIP13.

Person with MVA can present with IUGR, microcephaly and a wide range of congenital abnormalities.

Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal, or placental complications.

At least 60% of the 4 million neonatal deaths that occur worldwide every year are associated with low birth weight, caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, and genetic abnormalities, demonstrating that under-nutrition is already a leading health problem at birth.

Intrauterine growth restriction can result in a baby being small for gestational age (SGA), which is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. At the end of pregnancy, it can result in a low birth weight.
Widening (computer science)
In computer science, especially model checking and abstract interpretation, widening refers to at least two different techniques in the analysis of abstract transition systems where infinite progressions of abstract states are replaced by a (computed or guessed) least fixed point. The use of the term in model checking is closely related to acceleration techniques, some authors reserving acceleration for exact computations.

Transition system
In theoretical computer science, a transition system is a concept used in the study of computation . It is used to describe the potential behavior of discrete systems.  It consists of states and transitions between states, which may be labeled with labels chosen from a set; the same label may appear on more than one transition. If the label set is a singleton, the system is essentially unlabeled, and a simpler definition that omits the labels is possible.

Transition systems coincide mathematically with abstract rewriting systems (as explained further in this article) and directed graphs. They differ from finite-state automata in several ways:

The set of states is not necessarily finite, or even countable.

The set of transitions is not necessarily finite, or even countable.

No "start" state or "final" states are given.

Transition systems can be represented as directed graphs.
Tiny Feather
Elwin Elton "Tiny" Feather (February 23, 1902 – July 15, 1965) was an American professional football player who played running back for eight seasons for the Cleveland Bulldogs, Detroit Wolverines, New York Giants, Staten Island Stapletons, and Cincinnati Reds. A single wing fullback and blocking back (i.e. quarterback), Feather scored 10 touchdowns in a National Football League (NFL) career that spanned seven seasons.

Detroit Wolverines
The  Detroit Wolverines were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team that played in the National League from 1881 to 1888 in the city of Detroit, Michigan. In total, they won 426 games and lost 437, taking their lone pennant (and winning the pre-modern World Series) in 1887. The team was disbanded following the 1888 season.
Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service
Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service serving the county of Warwickshire in the West Midlands region of England.

The service covers an area of 1,975 km2 (763 square miles) and a population of around 546,600 people. It employs 550 staff and has 17 fire stations with 30 fire engines.

The service is administered by Warwickshire County Council. Its headquarters are in Leamington Spa.

In July 2021, Ben Brook was appointed Chief Fire Officer following the retirement of Kieran Amos (who had served in the role since April 2019). Brook was formerly the Assistant Chief Fire Officer for WFRS, having served in West Midlands Fire Service before that.

Warwickshire County Council
Warwickshire County Council is the county council that governs the non-metropolitan county of Warwickshire in England. Its headquarters are at Shire Hall in the centre of Warwick, the county town. The council's principal functions are county roads and rights of way, social services, education and libraries, but it also provides numerous other local government services in its area. The council has been under no overall control since the 2025 election, being run by a Reform UK minority administration.
The Cursed (TV series)
The Cursed (Korean: 방법; RR: Bangbeop; lit. Method) is a 2020 South Korean television series starring Uhm Ji-won, Jung Ji-so, Sung Dong-il, and Jo Min-su. It aired on tvN every Monday and Tuesday at 21:30 (KST) from February 10 to March 17, 2020.

Screenwriter Yeon Sang-ho said that he would "go on with season 2 if the viewing rate reaches 3%". The series was followed by a film, The Cursed: Dead Man's Prey, in July 2021.

Yeon Sang-ho
Yeon Sang-ho (born December 25, 1977) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. He gained international popularity for working his adult animated films The King of Pigs (2011) and The Fake (2013), and the live-action film Train to Busan (2016), its animated prequel Seoul Station (2016) and live-action sequel Peninsula (2020), and first South Korean superhero film Psychokinesis (2018).
Shawmut Design and Construction
Shawmut Design and Construction is an American construction management company. The company has 11 offices across the United States and aims to provide a better building experience. The company is employee-owned and works with a large number of top 500 companies in the US.

The company focuses on buildings for academia, commercial, corporate interiors, cultural and historic preservation, healthcare, life sciences, hotels, restaurants, retail, and sports venues.

Construction management
Construction management (CM) is a professional service that applies project management techniques to the planning, design, and construction of a project, from its beginning to its completion. The goal of CM is to control a project's scope, time, cost, and quality (sometimes called the project management triangle or "triple constraints") to achieve the owner’s objectives.

Practitioners of construction management are called construction managers. They combine knowledge of building science and business management to coordinate and deliver capital projects such as commercial real estate, transportation infrastructure, and military infrastructure. Professional services firms in North America and Europe increasingly provide CM alongside related specialties such as critical path method (CPM) scheduling, delay analysis, and expert witness testimony for construction disputes.
Plus TV Africa
Plus TV Africa  is a Nigerian pan-African news channel owned by General News and Entertainment Company and broadcast across Africa via the StarTimes dish platform, on DStv Channel 408 from 3 April 2020, and on its YouTube channel. The TV station airs in over 30 countries with more than 12 million viewers across Africa.

DStv
Digital Satellite Television, abbreviated DStv, is a Sub-Saharan African direct broadcast satellite service owned by MultiChoice and based in South Africa, with headquarters in Randburg. DStv provides audio, radio and television channels and services to subscribers across 50 countries, mostly in South Africa, Nigeria and Zimbabwe.