hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frödinge
Frödinge is a locality situated in Vimmerby Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden with 383 inhabitants in 2010. In 2023, the population was down to 302.

The locality is perhaps mostly known for Frödinge Mejeri AB, a local dairy factory, which makes ostkaka (not to be confused with cheesecake), tortes and dessert pies.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
John Blakeney (died 1747)
John Blakeney (c. 1703 – 21 August 1747) was an Irish Member of Parliament.

He was born the son of Robert Blakeney and Sarah née Ormsby Blakeney.

He was High Sheriff of County Galway for 1727 and 1738 and then represented Athenry in the Irish House of Commons from November 1727 to his death.

He married Grace Persse, daughter of Henry Persse of Roxborough, and was the father of Robert Blakeney, John Blakeney, Theophilus Blakeney and William Blakeney. He lived at Abbert, near Monivea.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Pycnophyes robustus
Pycnophyes robustus is a species of mud dragon within the family Pycnophyidae. The species is found distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and waters of Norway, with specimens from Norway coming from waters off coasts of Møre og Romsdal near Ålvund, Øksendal, Sunndalsøra, Eidsvåg, and Batnfjordsøra, as well as off coasts of Vestland in the Raunefjorden strait. Specimens from the Mediterranean include Portugal in the Regueira dos Barcos estuary off Moncarapacho and Spain off the coasts of Blanes.

Ålvund
Ålvund is a village in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.  It is located at the beginning of the Ålvundfjorden (an extension of the Trongfjorden, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of the village of Ålvundeidet and the Innerdalen valley.  The river Ålvundelva flows down the Innerdalen valley, through the village of Ålvundeidet, and empties into the fjord at the village of Ålvund.  The Norwegian National Road 70 runs through Ålvund on its way from the village of Sunndalsøra north to the village of Tingvoll and on the town of Kristiansund.

The 0.25-square-kilometre (62-acre) village had a population (2003) of 202 and a population density of 808 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,090/sq mi). Since 2003, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.
John Chillas
John Stalker Chillas (born 31 July 1951) is a Scottish professional golfer. He won the Scottish PGA Championship twice, in 1976 and 2001. He has also won three times on the European Seniors Tour. He tied for 52nd place in the 1984 Open Championship.

His best season on the Seniors Tour was 2004 when, in addition to winning the end-of-season Estoril Seniors Tour Championship, he was runner-up 5 times and third on two other occasions. From late August to late September he was runner-up in 4 successive tournaments, the Charles Church Scottish Seniors Open, the Bovis Lend Lease European Senior Masters, The Daily Telegraph Turismo Andaluz European Seniors Match Play Championship and the ADT English Seniors Open. He finished the season third in the order of merit.

Travis Perkins Masters
The Travis Perkins Masters was a men's professional golf tournament for players aged 50 and above which is part of the European Senior Tour. It was founded in 2001 and is played on the Duke's course at Woburn Golf and Country Club near Milton Keynes, England.
Gauliga Niedersachsen
The Gauliga Niedersachsen was the highest football league in the Prussian Province of Hanover and the German states of Bremen, Brunswick, Schaumburg-Lippe and Oldenburg from 1933 to 1945. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Südhannover-Braunschweig, Ost-Hannover and Weser-Ems de facto replaced the Prussian province and the German states in the region of Lower Saxony (German:Niedersachsen), although de jure the old states continued to exist.

From 1942, the Gauliga Niedersachsen was split into two separate leagues, the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig and the Gauliga Weser-Ems. In turn, the Gauliga Osthannover was separated from the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig in 1943.

Gau (territory)
Gau (German: [ɡaʊ] ⓘ; Dutch: gouw [ɣʌu] ⓘ; West Frisian: gea [ɡɪə] or goa [ɡoə]) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or current province. It was used in the Middle Ages, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau or Allgäu.
Tonnerre River (Normandin River tributary)
The rivière au Tonnerre (English: Tonnerre River) is a tributary of the Normandin River, flowing into the unorganized territory of Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec in the Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Le Domaine-du-Roy, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Tonnerre River flows entirely in the Township of Ducharme. Forestry is the main economic activity of this valley; recreational tourism activities, second.

The route 167 (northwesterly) connecting Chibougamau to Saint-Félicien, Quebec cuts the middle of the Tonnerre River. The
Canadian National Railway runs along this road.

The surface of the Tonnerre River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Quebec Route 167
Route 167 is an isolated provincial highway in Quebec, Canada. It begins at the shore of Lac Saint-Jean in Saint-Félicien. It proceeds north-west to Chibougamau 232 km (144.2 mi) away. The only services along this long stretch are at La Doré and Chibougamau. At Chibougamau, the highway turns north-east towards Mistissini.

Maps are conflicting about the northernmost extent of this highway. The latest provincial road map shows the highway ending 16 km (9.9 mi) south of Mistissini, while the pavement does continue to the town itself. According to Ministère des transports publication "Distances routières", the route continues up as far as Lac-Albanel, east of Lac Mistassini.
Yuntanza Chōken
Yuntanza Wōji Chōken (読谷山 王子 朝憲; 18 April 1745 – 25 February 1811), also known by Yuntanza Chōkō (読谷山 朝恒) and his Chinese style name Shō Wa (尚 和), was a prince of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Prince Yuntanza was the second son of King Shō Kei, and was a full-brother of King Shō Boku. He was given Yuntanza magiri (読谷山間切, modern Yomitan) as his hereditary fief, and established a new royal family: Yuntanza Udun (読谷山御殿).

Prince Yuntanza was dispatched along with Wakugawa Chōkyō (湧川 朝喬, also known by Shō Hōten 向 邦鼎) in 1764 to celebrate Tokugawa Ieharu's success as shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate. They sailed back in the next year.

He served as sessei from 1770 to 1785. He was good at Ryūka and was designated as a member of the Okinawan Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry (沖縄三十六歌仙, Okinawa Sanjūrokkasen).

Shō Kei
Shō Kei (尚 敬; August 3, 1700 – March 14, 1752) was king of the Ryukyu Kingdom from 1713 to 1752. His reign, strongly guided by royal advisor Sai On, is regarded as a political and economic golden age and period of the flowering of Okinawan culture.
Acklam, Middlesbrough
Acklam is a neighbourhood and electoral ward in Middlesbrough, Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It is believed that the settlement is Anglo-Saxon in origin, the name is Old English for "place at the oak clearings" or "place of oaks". Acklam was an ancient parish, formerly known as West Acklam to distinguish it from Acklam in Ryedale. At the 2011 census, the Acklam Ward had a population of 6,027. It is in the TS5 postcode area with Ayresome, Brookfield, Linthorpe, parts of Newport and Whinney Banks.

TS postcode area
The TS postcode area, also known as the Cleveland postcode area, is a group of 29 postcode districts in northern England for ten post towns. These cover north-east North Yorkshire (post towns Middlesbrough, Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough and Yarm) and south-east County Durham (post towns Stockton-on-Tees, Hartlepool, Billingham, Wingate and Trimdon Station).

The letters in the postcode are derived from Teesside, giving rise also to the unofficial label Teesside postcode area.

Mail for the TS postcode area is processed at Tyneside Mail Centre in Gateshead, along with mail for the DH, DL, NE and SR postcode areas.
1994 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 1994. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Straight from the Shoulder (TV program)
Straight from the Shoulder is a Philippine television and radio public affairs show broadcast by GMA Radio-Television Arts. Hosted by Louie Beltran, it premiered in 1970 on MBC-11 until in 1972. On January 14, 1987, it returned as a television show in GMA Network. A radio edition also aired on DZRH. The show concluded in September 1994, following Beltran's death.
Gilbert Mayes
Christianity portal

Gilbert Mayes was Dean of Lismore from 1961 until 1987.

He was born in 1915, educated at Trinity College, Dublin and  ordained in 1945. After a curacy in Armagh he held incumbencies at Donaghmore and Dundalk. He was the first secretary of Societas Liturgica.

Societas Liturgica
Societas Liturgica is the international ecumenical society for the study of Christian liturgy and worship. Societas Liturgica has around 300 members who are researchers, academics or practitioners. Anglican members of Societas Liturgica also serve as members of the International Anglican Liturgical Consultation.
Toni Koskela
Toni Koskela (born 16 February 1983) is a Finnish football manager and former player. He is currently the manager of Kalmar FF.

Koskela had to retire from his playing career in 2009, aged 26, due to numerous knee injuries.
After a short professional playing career, he has managed teams in Finland, Cyprus and Sweden. When managing HJK Helsinki, he won three Finnish championship titles.

Veikkausliiga
Veikkausliiga (Finnish: [ˈʋei̯kːɑusˌliːɡɑ]) is a professional association football league in Finland and the highest level of the Finnish football league system. The league comprises the top 12 clubs of the country. Its main sponsor is the Finnish national betting agency Veikkaus, hence the league's name. Veikkausliiga was founded in 1990; before that the top division was called Mestaruussarja (championship series) since 1930 which was an amateur or semi-professional league. Between 1908 and 1930 the championship was decided as a knock-out cup competition.
Charles Hopewell
Charles Hopewell (September 22, 1861 – May 15, 1931) was mayor of Ottawa from 1909 to 1912.

He was born in March Township in 1861. During his term in office, he negotiated grants in lieu of taxes with the federal government. He also served as magistrate after his term as mayor. Hopewell served for many years on the board of the Union Mission, a shelter for homeless men.

He drowned in the Ottawa River in 1931, an apparent suicide. He is buried in Beechwood Cemetery.

Hopewell Avenue & Hopewell Avenue Public School in the city was named in honour of this former mayor.

Payment in lieu of taxes
A payment in lieu of taxes, abbreviated as PILT or PILOT, is a payment made to compensate a government for some or all of the property tax revenue lost due to tax exempt ownership or use of real property.
Paul Moder
Paul Moder (1 October 1896 in Neheim – 8 February 1942) was a German NSDAP politician. He was first elected to the Reichstag in July 1932 as a deputy from electoral constituency 13 (Schleswig-Holstein), switching to constituency 3 (Berlin-East) in March 1936. He was also a captain in the Freikorps in the early 1920s, and the SS and Police Leader in Warsaw from November 1939 to July 1941 with the rank of SS-Gruppenführer. Transferred to the Waffen SS, he served with the SS-Totenkopf Division and died in action on the eastern front at the Demyansk Pocket.

Potsdam II (electoral district)
Potsdam II was one of the 35 electoral districts (German: Wahlkreise) used to elect members to the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic. It sent members to the Reichstag in nine democratic elections between 1919 and 1933. It existed nominally in the November 1933 show election to the Nazi Reichstag but was redistricted for the March 1936 election.

It comprised the southern suburbs of Berlin as well as the districts of Teltow and Beeskow-Storkow from the province of Brandenburg. It was constituency 3 in the numbering scheme. From the 1936 election on, constituency 3 was reconfigured to comprise only the 10 eastern administrative districts of Berlin and was renamed "Berlin-East".
Didier Hoyer
Didier Hoyer (born 3 February 1961) is a French sprint canoer who competed from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won two bronze medals in the C-2 1000 m event, earning them in 1984 and 1992.

Hoyer also won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with four silvers (C-2 1000 m: 1989, 1991, 1993; C-2 10000 m: 1989) and two bronzes (C-1 10000 m: 1986, C-2 500 m: 1991).

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Worshipful Company of Loriners
The Worshipful Company of Loriners is one of the ancient Livery Companies of the City of London. The organisation was originally a trade association for makers of metal parts for bridles, harnesses, spurs and other horse apparel; hence the company's name, which comes from the Latin word lorum through the French word lormier.

Bridle
A bridle is a piece of equipment used to direct a horse. It includes both the headstall that holds a bit that goes in the mouth of a horse, and the reins that are attached to the bit. It provides additional control and communication through rein pressure. The trade that makes bridles is a saddler.

Headgear without a bit that uses a noseband to control a horse is called a hackamore, or, in some areas, a bitless bridle. There are many different designs with many different name variations, but all use a noseband that is designed to exert pressure on sensitive areas of the animal's face to provide direction and control.

The bridle was devised by Indo-European herders of the Pontic-Caspian steppes to control horses between 3000 BC and 2000 BC.
Christopher Byworth
Christopher Henry Briault Byworth (22 January 1939–31 August 2017 ) was an English Anglican priest, liturgist, and biblical scholar. Having held parish appointments in the dioceses of Chelmsford, Manchester, London and Norwich, he was Warden of Cranmer Hall, Durham, from 1979 to 1983. He then returned to parish ministry, serving for the rest of his career in the Diocese of Liverpool. As a liturgist, he co-authored the first, though illegal, modern English eucharistic liturgy for the Church of England in 1968, and was then involved in writing or contributing to a number of new services such as one for celebrating the birth of a child without baptism. An evangelical Anglican, he taught the New Testament at Oak Hill Theological College before joining the leadership of Cranmer Hall, an evangelical Anglican theological college. He died on 31 August 2017.

Diocese of Norwich
The Diocese of Norwich is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Church of England, forming part of the Province of Canterbury in England. Its origins trace back to the early medieval bishopric of Elmham and Thetford, which were subsequently merged and relocated to Norwich in 1095 under Bishop Herbert de Losinga. Historically, the diocese has overseen numerous parishes across Norfolk and Suffolk, and it played a significant role in the religious and political developments of medieval England. Today, it continues to function as an important administrative and spiritual centre within the Anglican Church.
Jones Mill Site
The Jones Mill Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 3HS28, is a prehistoric archaeological site near Jones Mill in Hot Spring County, Arkansas.  It is a deeply stratified site, with evidence of human habitation in at least three different time periods.  It is one of the few documented Archaic sites in the region, with evidence of human activity dating to 3000 BCE.  It is located near documented prehistoric stone quarry sites, and finds at the site include extensive stone tool construction artifacts.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Jones Mill, Arkansas
Jones Mill (also known as Jones Mills) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hot Spring County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 411.

Jones Mill is located along U.S. Route 270 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Malvern. Jones Mill has a post office with ZIP code 72105.
Knee (strike)
A knee strike (commonly referred to simply as a knee) is a strike with the knee, either with the kneecap or the surrounding area. Kneeing is a disallowed practice in many combat sports, especially to the head of a downed opponent.  Styles such as kickboxing and several mixed martial arts organizations allow kneeing depending on the positioning of the fighters. Knee strikes are native to the traditional Southeast Asian martial arts and traditional Okinawan martial arts.

Okinawan martial arts
Okinawan martial arts refers to the martial arts, such as karate, tegumi and kobudō, which originated among the indigenous people of Okinawa Island. Due to its location (between "Mainland Japan" and Taiwan), Okinawa was influenced by various cultures with a long history of trade and cultural exchange, including Japan, China and Southeast Asia, that greatly influenced the development of martial arts on Okinawa.
Hiram Bond
Hiram Gilbert Bond (born May 10, 1838, in Farmersville, Cattaraugus County, New York – died March 29, 1906, in Seattle), also known as H. G. Bond, was an American corporate lawyer, investment banker and an investor in various businesses including gold mining.

Thomas C. Platt
Thomas Collier Platt (July 15, 1833 – March 6, 1910), also known as Tom Platt and Easy Boss, was an American politician who was a two-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1873–1877) and a three-term U.S. Senator from New York in 1881 and 1897 to 1909. He is best known as the "political boss" of the Republican Party in New York State in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Upon his death, the New York Times stated that "no man ever exercised less influence in the Senate or the House of Representatives than he," but "no man ever exercised more power as a political leader." He considered himself the "political godfather" of many Republican governors of the state, including Theodore Roosevelt.

Platt played a key role in the creation of the City of Greater New York, which incorporated together the boroughs of New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Richmond (Staten Island) and Bronx counties.
Elle Graham
Elle Charlotte Graham (born May 25, 2009) is an American television and film actress known for playing Nancy Wheeler in Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret., Savannah Dillon in Secrets of Sulphur Springs, and Sara Hopper in Stranger Things. She also played Susie Coyle in Swamp Thing.

Graham's mother, Emily Graham, is an actress who has appeared in a few movies. She has two sisters and two brothers.

Swamp Thing (2019 TV series)
Swamp Thing is an American superhero horror television series created by Gary Dauberman and Mark Verheiden for DC Universe, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The series follows medical doctor Abby Arcane (Crystal Reed) encountering the eponymous Swamp Thing (Derek Mears), a plant-elemental creature who fights malevolent forces around a Louisiana swamp.

The series premiered on May 31, 2019, and consisted of 10 episodes. Shortly after its premiere, DC Universe announced that Swamp Thing had been canceled. The remaining episodes were released on DC Universe until the series' conclusion on August 2, 2019. The series received positive reviews from critics, particularly for the series' horror elements and practical monster effects.
Hofmann–Martius rearrangement
The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hydrochloric acid.

When the catalyst is a metal halide the reaction is also called the Reilly–Hickinbottom rearrangement (named after Wilfred Hickinbottom and Joseph Reilly).

The reaction is also known to work for aryl ethers and two conceptually related reactions are the Fries rearrangement and the Fischer–Hepp rearrangement. Its reaction mechanism centers around dissociation of the reactant with the positively charged organic residue R  attacking the aniline ring in a Friedel–Crafts alkylation.

In one study this rearrangement was applied to a 3-N(CH3)(C6H5)-2-oxindole:

The reaction is named after German chemists August Wilhelm von Hofmann and Carl Alexander von Martius.

Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.