hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durban Metropolitan Open Space System
The Durban Metropolitan Open Space System (D'MOSS) is a system of green corridors in the city of Durban, South Africa.   Implemented in 1982, the system links a number of significant conservation sites and nature reserves, allowing a path for the free movement of fauna and flora.

D'MOSS is managed by the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, the metropolitan body that oversees the greater Durban area. As of 2015, the system represents one-third of the eThekwini Municipal Area, at 74 500 hectares. The objective of the project is the conservation of natural areas,  while providing recreation facilities for the public.

D'MOSS manages a number of nature reserves and parks in the Ethekwini Metropolitan boundaries:

Burman Bush Nature Reserve

Danville Park

Pigeon Valley Park

Seaton Park

Silverglen Nature Reserve

Virginia Bush Nature Reserve

Danville Park
Danville Park is a green lung of protected coastal lowland forest and wetland in Durban North, South Africa.  The park is home to a number of bird species including the Egyptian Goose.

Sports fields can be found at the entrance of the park, which are made use of by Virginia United Football Club.
Álvaro Zamora
Álvaro José Zamora Mata (born 9 March 2002) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga Portugal 2 club Académico de Viseu, on loan from Greek side Aris, and the Costa Rica national team.

Académico de Viseu F.C.
Académico de Viseu Futebol Clube, commonly known as Académico de Viseu, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Viseu. Founded in 1914 as Clube Académico de Futebol, the club went through several changes over the course of the years, folding in 2005 due to financial troubles and re-founding under its current name. The club currently play in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at Estádio do Fontelo.
Against All Odds (2025 film)
Against All Odds (Chinese: 营救飞虎) is a 2025 Chinese war film that dramatically retells the rescues of eight Flying Tigers pilots, one of whom is Lt. Donald W. Kerr at the dawn of 1944, by the Hong Kong and Kowloon Independent Brigade of the East River Column. Based on true stories, the single American pilot featured is fictionalized as James Harnett, an amalgamation of American volunteers from officers to sergeants.

Derek Elley
Derek Elley (born c. 1955) is an American film and music critic and author, best known as the resident film critic for Variety until his departure in March 2010. With over 1200 reviews to his credit as of December 2014 on Rotten Tomatoes, he specialises in reviewing Asian films and joined Film Business Asia as chief critic upon its inception after leaving Variety in 2010. He currently hosts a film review website Sino-Cinema.
Sam Stranks
Samuel David Stranks is a Professor of Optoelectronics in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge.

He is a co-founder of Swift Solar, a startup based in San Carlos which is developing high-performance perovskite solar cells. He is also a co-founder of Sustain Education, a non-profit developing educational materials for school-age children around climate change solutions.

Clare College, Cambridge
Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on the Backs (the rear of the colleges that overlook the River Cam). It is a registered charity.
Sarta (Chalcidice)
Sarta or Sarte (Ancient Greek: Σάρτη) was a maritime town on the Sithonia peninsula of Chalcidice, in ancient Macedonia, on the Singitic Gulf between Singus and the promontory of Ampelus.

It is cited by Herodotus as one of the cities—together with Pilorus, Singus, and Assa—located near Mount Athos, which Xerxes ordered to open a channel through which his fleet passed, and from which he recruited troops in his expedition of the year 480 BCE against Greece.

It belonged to the Delian League, since it appears in the tribute registry of Athens from 434/3 to 415/4 BCE.

Its site is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of modern Sarti.

Singitic Gulf
The Singitic Gulf (Greek: Σιγγιτικός Κόλπος, romanized: Singitikos Kolpos), also known as the Mount Athos Gulf or the Holy Mountain Gulf (Greek: Κόλπος Αγίου Όρους, romanized: Kolpos Agiou Oros) is a gulf of the Thracian Sea, part of the northern Aegean Sea, in Chalkidiki, Greece. It is bounded by Sithonia in the west, and Mount Athos in the east. The island of Ammouliani sits in the northeastern portion of the gulf along Mount Athos. Many of the monasteries of Mount Athos lie along the shore of the Singitic Gulf.
EcoSikh
EcoSikh is a Sikh environmental organization. It is the most prominent Sikh environmental organization working on global environmental issues. It has been one of the foremost organizations promoting Sikhism as a "green" religion. Using Bron Taylor's framework of green religion, EcoSikh can be understood as positioning environmentally conscious behavior, such as planting trees, as religious obligation grounded in the principle of Sevā or selfless service.

Guru Nanak Gurpurab
Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ (Gurmukhi)), also known as Guru Nanak Prakash Utsav (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਉਤਸਵ) and Guru Nanak Jayanti (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਜਯੰਤੀ), celebrates the birth of the first Sikh guru, Guru Nanak. One of the most celebrated and important Sikh gurus and the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak is highly revered by the Sikh community. This is one of the most sacred festivals in Sikhism, or Sikhi. The festivities in the Sikh religion revolve around the anniversaries of the 10 Sikh Gurus. These Gurus were responsible for shaping the beliefs of the Sikhs. Their birthdays, known as Gurpurab, are occasions for celebration and prayer among the Sikhs.

It is one of three Sikh celebrations still calculated using the traditional Bikrami calendar, alongside Vaisakhi and Bandi Chhor Divas, where as the rest are determined now as per the Nanakshahi calendar.
Protestant church of Rinsumageast
The Protestant church of Rinsumageast or Saint Alexander’s church is a religious building in Rinsumageast, Netherlands, one of the many medieval churches in Friesland.

The construction of the for the most part tuffstone Romanesque church started in the 11th century. The semicircular choir was built in the 12th century followed by the nave and the tower dates from the 13th century. Under the choir is a crypt, uniek for the north of the Nederlands. The church was enlarged in ca. 1525 with the replacement of the southern aisle by a new, Gothic one, dominantly of brick.
The monumental Pipe organ was built in 1892 by Bakker & Timmenga.

The church is located on the Juckemaweg 3 and was once a Roman Catholic church dedicated to Saint Alexander but became a Protestant church after the Protestant Reformation. 
It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 11691 and is rated with a very high historical value.

Rijksmonument
A rijksmonument (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛiksmoːnyˌmɛnt] ⓘ, lit. 'state monument') is a national heritage site of the Netherlands, listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

At the end of February 2015, the Netherlands had 61,822 listed national heritage sites, of which approximately 1,500 are listed as archaeological sites.
NAMU KDN Gorgon
The Naval Aircraft Modification Unit KDN Gorgon, originally designated TD2N, is an early jet-powered target drone developed by the Bureau of Aeronautics and constructed by the Naval Aircraft Modification Unit for use by the United States Navy. First flown near the end of World War II, it was cancelled due to problems with its engine in 1946.

Bureau of Aeronautics
The Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) was the U.S. Navy's material-support organization for naval aviation from 1921 to 1959.  The bureau had "cognizance" (i.e., responsibility) for the design, procurement, and support of naval aircraft and related systems.  Aerial weapons, however, were under the cognizance of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd).
Wrest
Wrest are a Scottish folk rock band, formed in 2017. Singer and guitarist Stewart Douglas hails from Falkirk, whilst the remaining members are from Dumfries; the band is now based in Edinburgh.  The band is unsigned and release their own music; they set up their own promotions company to book shows which now manages bookings for many other acts in the UK. They have released three full-length albums and a number of EPs and singles.

Dumfries
Dumfries (Scots: /dʌmˈfriːs/ ⓘ dum-FREESS; from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˌt̪un ˈfɾʲiʃ]) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, 25 miles (40 km) from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire.

Before becoming King of Scots, Robert the Bruce killed his rival John Comyn III of Badenoch at Greyfriars Kirk in the town in 1306. The Young Pretender had his headquarters here towards the end of 1745. In World War II, the Norwegian armed forces in exile in Britain largely consisted of a brigade in Dumfries.

Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South. This is also the name of the town's football club. People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers.
Allylic rearrangement
An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic chemical reaction in which reaction at a center vicinal to a double bond causes the double bond to shift to an adjacent pair of atoms:

It is encountered in both nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution, although it is usually suppressed relative to non-allylic substitution.  For example, reaction of 1-chloro-2-butene with sodium hydroxide gives 2-buten-1-ol and 3-buten-2-ol:

In the similar substitution of 1-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene, the secondary 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is produced in a yield of 85%, while that for the primary 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol is 15%.

Allylic shifts occur because the transition state is an allyl intermediate.  In other respects they are similar to classical nucleophilic substitution, and admit both bimolecular and monomolecular mechanisms (respectively the SN2' and SN1'/SNi' substitutions).

Transition state
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate.  It is often marked with the double dagger (‡) symbol.

As an example, the transition state shown below occurs during the SN2 reaction of bromoethane with a hydroxide anion:

The activated complex of a reaction can refer to either the transition state or to other states along the reaction coordinate between reactants and products, especially those close to the transition state.

According to the transition state theory, once the reactants have passed through the transition state configuration, they always continue to form products.
Maurice Bernier
Maurice Bernier (born 11 March 1947) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 1997. His career has been in government and administration.

Born in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, Bernier was elected in the Mégantic—Compton—Stanstead electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 federal election, thus he served in the 35th Canadian Parliament.

He left Canadian politics after losing to Liberal David Price at the restructured Compton—Stanstead riding in the 1997 federal election.

Compton—Stanstead
Compton—Stanstead is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

It was created in 1996 from Mégantic—Compton—Stanstead and Richmond—Wolfe ridings.
Paule Anglim
Paule Isabelle Anglim (January 30, 1923 – April 2, 2015) was a Canadian-born gallerist, dealer, and curator. She founded and directed Gallery Paule Anglim in San Francisco for approximately four decades before her death on April 2, 2015.
According to a tribute written about her in SF Gate April 2, 2015, Anglim "endeared herself to the artists she handled with her unflinching commitment to work that she believed in. Her exhibitions encompassed the work of defining figures of the Bay Area Beat era and conceptual art sensibility, such as David Ireland, Paul Kos, Tom Marioni and Jim Melchert."

Tom Marioni
Tom Marioni (born 1937, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States) is an American artist and educator, known for his conceptual artwork. Marioni was active in the emergence of Conceptual Art movement in the 1960s. He founded the Museum of Conceptual Art (MOCA) in San Francisco from 1970 until 1984.

He is currently living and working out of San Francisco, California.
Matan (given name)
Matan or Mattan (original Biblical translation: Mattan, modern Israeli translation: Matan, Hebrew: מַתָּן, Latin: Matthan) is a Hebrew name, mostly for males in Israel. It is coming from the word 'gift' and literally means "giving". It is part of the title of the Jewish holiday of Shavuot that is also known as "Z'man Mattan Torah" meaning "[the] time [of the] giving [of the] Torah."

A biblical reference for a Mattan as a given name is the story told in Books of Kings about the Baal priest Mattan, killed by the people of the Kingdom of Judah during a revolution.

In the Gospel of Matthew, Matthan is the paternal grandfather of Joseph, father of Jesus.

King Zedekiah's birth name was originally Mattanyahu.

Bible translations into English
More than 100 complete translations of the Bible into English languages  have been produced.
Translations of Biblical books, especially passages read in the Liturgy can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English.
Digital Cinema Initiatives
Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC (DCI) is a consortium of major motion picture studios, formed to establish specifications for a common systems architecture for digital cinema systems.

The organization was formed in March 2002 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount Pictures, Sony Pictures, 20th Century Studios, Universal Studios, Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros.

The primary purpose of DCI is to establish and document specifications for an open architecture for digital cinema that ensures a uniform and high level of technical performance, reliability and quality. By establishing a common set of content requirements, distributors, studios, exhibitors, d-cinema manufacturers and vendors can be assured of interoperability and compatibility. Because of the relationship of DCI to many of Hollywood's key studios, conformance to DCI's specifications is considered a requirement by software developers or equipment manufacturers targeting the digital cinema market.

WAV
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or WAV due to its filename extension; pronounced /wæv/ or /weɪv/ ) is an audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on personal computers. The format was developed and published for the first time in 1991 by IBM and Microsoft. It is the main format used on Microsoft Windows systems for uncompressed audio. The usual bitstream encoding is the linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) format.

WAV is an application of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) bitstream format method for storing data in chunks, and thus is similar to the 8SVX and the Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers, respectively.
Chris Harrison
Christopher Bryan Harrison (born July 26, 1971) is an American television and game show host, best known for his role as the host of the ABC reality television dating show The Bachelor from 2002–2021. He also hosted its spin-offs The Bachelorette from 2003–2021, Bachelor Pad from 2010–2012, Bachelor in Paradise from 2014-21, the first season of Bachelor in Paradise: After Paradise in 2015, Bachelor Live in 2016, and The Bachelor Winter Games in 2018.  He also served as the host of the syndicated version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire from 2015–2019.

HGTV
HGTV (Home & Garden Television) is an American basic cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. It was formerly owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, which spun off its cable networks, including HGTV, into Scripps Networks Interactive. As of November 2023, HGTV was available to approximately 72,000,000 pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Maximos of Gallipoli
Maximos of Gallipoli (Greek: Μάξιμος Καλλιπολίτης; Latin: Maximus Callipolites; died 1633) was an Orthodox monk who proceeded to the first translation of the New Testament into modern Greek after 1629. This was at the initiative of the reforming Patriarch Cyril Lucaris of Constantinople, who was later strangled. With the assistance of the Dutch ambassador to Constantinople it was printed at Geneva in 1638. Meletios Sirigos (1590–1664) vehemently opposed Maximos's translation.

Since Patriarch Lucaris had been strangled Maximos' New Testament was hardly used, the next would-be translator of the New Testament, the monk Seraphim, was exiled to Siberia. In the 19th Century the BFBS assisted the monk Neophytos Vamvas 1776-1866 to make his translation but again it was not made available. The nationalist Alexandros Pallis' translation, in the Acropolis newspaper, caused riots in 1901 in which 8 people died. The New Testament in modern Greek was finally allowed in 1924.

British Forces Broadcasting Service
The British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides radio and television programmes for His Majesty's Armed Forces, and their dependents worldwide. Editorial control is independent of the Ministry of Defence and the armed forces themselves. It was established by the British War Office (now the Ministry of Defence) in 1943. In 1944, it was managed by Gale Pedrick.
Incheon Metropolitan Council
The Incheon Metropolitan Council (Korean: 인천광역시의회) is the local council of Incheon.

There are a total of 40 members, with 36 members elected in the First-past-the-post voting system and 4 members elected in Party-list proportional representation.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Reinhold Roth
Reinhold Roth (4 March 1953 – 15 October 2021) was a Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Germany. His most successful years were in 1987, when he won the French Grand Prix, and finished the season in second place behind Anton Mang, and in 1989, when he won the Dutch and Czechoslovak Grand Prix Grand Prix and finished second to Sito Pons for the 250 world championship. Roth suffered severe injuries in a June 1990 racing accident and retired from competition.

French motorcycle Grand Prix
The French motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event that is part of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.

The Grand Prix was held on different circuits in its history: on the Circuit de Charade (Puy-de-Dôme) between 1959 and 1967, Le Mans circuit on numerous occasions since 1969, alternating with the Circuit Paul Ricard at Le Castellet, used it for the first time in 1973, the Circuit Paul Armagnac in Nogaro in 1978 and 1982 and the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours once in 1992. Since 2000 the race has been held at Le Mans on the Bugatti Circuit.

The event is due to take place at the Bugatti Circuit until at least 2031.
Doug Geiser
Douglas Geiser (born June 4, 1968) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Ashland University, a position he has held since 2023. He was previously an assistant coach for Ashland from 2004 to 2022. He also previously coached for Akron, Lyndhurst Brush High School, Liberty-Benton High School, and Triway High School.

Ashland University
Ashland University is a private university in Ashland, Ohio, United States. The university consists of a 135-acre (55 ha) main campus and several off-campus centers throughout central and northern Ohio. Ashland was founded in 1878 as Ashland College.  It is affiliated with The Brethren Church.

In addition to a graduate school, the university consists of four colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the Schar College of Education, the Dauch College of Business and Economics, and the Schar College of Nursing and Health Sciences and offers over 60 college majors. Ashland Theological Seminary, a division of Ashland University, offers a Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degree as well as master's degrees. Ashland is classified as a master's university with most graduate research being in a professional field.
USMB
USMB may stand for:

Université Savoie-Mont Blanc, a French university.

Union Sportive de la Médina de Blida, an Algerian football team

United States. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches, a United States association of churches

United States Metric Board, a United States government agency set up to encourage metrication

Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Université Savoie Mont Blanc (English: University Savoie Mont Blanc, a.k.a. USMB) is a public university in the Haute-Savoie and Savoie departments of France, with one campus in Annecy, Haute-Savoie and two near Chambéry, Savoie.
Basketball at the 1986 Asian Games
Basketball was one of the 26 sports disciplines held in the 1986 Asian Games in Seoul, South Korea. China swept all their assignments in the round robin format en route to their 2nd title both in the men's and women's tournament. The games were held from September 20 to October 3, 1986.

1986 Asian Games
The 1986 Asian Games (1986년 아시아 경기대회/1986년 아시안 게임), officially known as the 10th Asian Games and the X Asiad (제10회 아시아 경기대회/제10회 아시안 게임) and commonly known as Seoul 1986 (서울 1986), were held from 20 September to 5 October 1986, in Seoul, South Korea. The venues and facilities of the 10th Asiad were the same venues and facilities that would be used in the 1988 Summer Olympics, as it was considered a test event.

Seoul had previously been scheduled to host the 1970 games, but it received security threats from neighbouring North Korea, forcing it to give up hosting the games to previous 1966 host Bangkok, Thailand.
Newcastle (District Electoral Area)
Newcastle was one of the four district electoral areas in Down, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected six members to Down District Council, and formed part of the South Down constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Down Area C which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Castlewellan, Donard, Dundrum, Murlough, Shimna and Tollymore. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections, with Donard, Murlough, Shimna and Tollymore moving to The Mournes DEA and Castlewellan and Dundrum moving to the Slieve Croob DEA.

1985 Down District Council election
Elections to Down District Council were held on 15 May 1985 on the same day as the other Northern Irish local government elections. The election used four district electoral areas to elect a total of 23 councillors.