hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eoin McHugh
Eoin McHugh (born 1994/95) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for Cill Chartha and the Donegal county team.

He is the only son of James McHugh, a member of the team that defeated Dublin in the 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final. His uncle Martin was also a member of that team.

Boston Senior Football Championship
The Boston Senior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition, played in the Boston region of America. The competition is organised by the Northeast Division Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The games are played at the Irish Cultural Center, in Canton, Massachusetts."Boston GAA". Irish Culture Center. 9 November 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2023. The final is usually held the weekend prior to Labor Day. The winners and the runners-up will represent Boston in the North American Senior Football Championship.
Xanthoparmelia hybrida
Xanthoparmelia hybrida is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Pilgrim's rest along the Treur River near the Bourkes Luck Potholes, at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) (Transvaal), where it was found growing on a sandstone boulder. The lichen has a yellowish-green thallus measuring 6–9 cm (2.4–3.5 in) in diameter, comprising somewhat irregular to linear lobes that measure 1–2.5 mm wide. It contains protocetraric acid, stictic acid, constictic acid, and usnic acid.

Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve
Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve (or Motlatse Canyon Provincial Nature Reserve) is situated in the Drakensberg escarpment region of eastern Mpumalanga, South Africa. The reserve protects the Blyde River Canyon, including sections of the Ohrigstad and Blyde Rivers and the geological formations around Bourke's Luck Potholes, where the Treur River tumbles into the Blyde below. Southwards of the canyon, the reserve follows the escarpment, to include the Devil's and God's Window, the latter a popular viewpoint to the lowveld at the reserve's southern extremity.

The Mogologolo (1,794 m), Mariepskop (1,944 m) and Hebronberg (1,767 m) massifs are partially included in the reserve. Elevation varies from 560 m to 1,944 m above sea level. Its resort areas are F.H. Odendaal and Swadeni, the latter only accessible from Limpopo province. The area of approximately 29,000 hectares (290 km2) is administered by the Mpumalanga Parks Board.
Accidental Adversaries
Accidental Adversaries is one of the ten system archetypes used in system dynamics modelling, or systems thinking. This archetype describes the degenerative pattern that develops when two subjects cooperating for a common goal, accidentally take actions that undermine each other's success. It is similar to the escalation system archetype in terms of pattern behaviour that develops over time.

Systems thinking
Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, enabling systems change. Systems thinking draws on and contributes to systems theory and the system sciences.
Difference (album)
Difference is the third album of the Finnish power metal band Dreamtale. It was released on 25 April 2005 on Spinefarm Records. It was also released in Japan. It features on vocals for the first time in the band Jarkko Ahola of the band Teräsbetoni.

Teräsbetoni
Teräsbetoni is a Finnish heavy/power metal band. Their first album, Metallitotuus, was released in 2005 and has so far sold more than 32,000 copies. Teräsbetoni has been strongly influenced by bands such as Manowar. The direct translation of the band's name is "steel concrete", Finnish for "reinforced concrete".

The music of Teräsbetoni has a martial air to it, with lyrics glorifying a pagan warrior lifestyle and a "brotherhood of metal". The style has received mixed reception. Band members themselves have said that they are not dead serious about the band's mentality and are having fun with it. The most famous songs of the band include "Taivas lyö tulta", "Vaadimme metallia", "Voittamaton" and their Eurovision entry "Missä miehet ratsastaa".

The group announced the interruption of activities in August 2011, and it has remained in hiatus ever since.
Inugami
Inugami (犬神; "dog god/spirit"), like kitsunetsuki, is a spiritual possession by the spirit of a dog, widely known about in western Japan. They seemed firmly rooted until recent years in eastern Ōita Prefecture, Shimane Prefecture, and a part of Kōchi Prefecture in northern Shikoku, and it is also theorized that Shikoku, where no foxes (kitsune) could be found, is the main base of the inugami. Furthermore, traces of belief in inugami exists in the Yamaguchi Prefecture, all of Kyushu, even going past the Satsunan Islands all the way to the Okinawa Prefecture. In the Miyazaki Prefecture, the Kuma District, Kumamoto Prefecture, and Yakushima, the local dialect pronounces it "ingami" and in Tanegashima, they are called "irigami." It can also be written in kanji as 狗神.

Satsunan Islands
The Satsunan Islands (薩南諸島, Satsunan-shotō) is a geopolitical name for a group of islands that forms the northern part of the Ryukyu Islands. The whole island group belongs to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
Zindagi Tamasha
Zindagi Tamasha, titled Circus of Life in English, is a 2019 Pakistani drama film directed by Sarmad Khoosat. It premiered at the 24th Busan International Film Festival and went on to win notable awards at both Busan and the 6th Asian World Film Festival in Los Angeles. The release of the film was repeatedly delayed due to censorship concerns and protests by Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan.

After multiple delayed releases and the censorship it faced, Sarmad eventually released it on YouTube and Vimeo on 4 August 2023.
Later, it was also made available on myco app.
In a groundbreaking move, TikTok collaborated with Khoosat Films to bring Zindagi Tamasha to its platform, marking the first-ever full-length film release on the popular short-form video app.

Samiya Mumtaz
Samiya Mumtaz (Urdu: سمیعہ ممتاز) (born 1970, Karachi) is a Pakistani film and television actress. She has performed in several TV dramas. Her accolades include two Hum Awards and three Lux Style Awards nominations.
Toral Rasputra
Toral Rasputra (born 26 December 1987) is an Indian television actress. Rasputra has appeared in many well known successful shows, but is best recognized for starring as Anandi from 2013 to 2016 in Colors TV's Balika Vadhu, one of the longest-running Hindi television show.

Colors TV
Colors TV India is an Indian general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, fantasy shows, romantic dramas, comedies, reality shows and crime shows.
Bump (surname)
Bump is the surname of:

Hulda Pierce Warren Bump and Mercy Lavinia Warren Bump, birth names of dwarf entertainers and sisters Minnie Warren (1849–1878) and Lavinia Warren (1841–1919) respectively, the latter the wife of "General Tom Thumb"

Alex Bump (born 2003), American ice hockey player

Daniel Bump (born 1952), American mathematician

Menzus R. Bump (1838–1913), American politician

Nate Bump (born 1976), American Major League Baseball pitcher

Suzanne M. Bump (born 1956), American politician and first female Massachusetts State Auditor

Suzanne Bump
Suzanne M. Bump (born February 18, 1956) is an American politician who served as Massachusetts State Auditor from 2011 to 2023, the first woman elected to this role in the state's history. She is also a former State Representative and state Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development.
Georges-Adélard Auger
Georges-Adélard Auger (August 11, 1893 – May 2, 1981) was a Canadian barber and politician in Quebec. He represented Gatineau in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 as a Union Nationale member.

The son of Édouard Auger, a farmer, and Délima Rondeau, he was born in Maniwaki and was educated there. Auger served as school commissioner and as chair of the Maniwaki school board.

Auger ran unsuccessfully as an Action libérale nationale candidate for the Gatineau seat in 1935. He was elected in 1936 but was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1939 and again in 1944.

In 1922, he married Laurenza Lafrenièrre.

He died in Ottawa at the age of 87 and was buried in Hull.

Maniwaki
Maniwaki is a town in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is situated 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of Ottawa, Ontario, on the Gatineau River, at the crossroads of Route 105 and Route 107, near Route 117 (Trans-Canada Highway). The town is the administrative centre for La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality.
Old Man Logan
Old Man Logan is an alternative version of the superhero Wolverine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. This character is an aged version of Wolverine set in an alternate future universe in which the supervillains overthrew the superheroes. Created by writer Mark Millar and artist Steve McNiven, the character first appeared in a storyline of the same name, which ran in Wolverine (Vol 3) #66–72 (June 2008 – June 2009) and which concluded in Wolverine Giant-Size Old Man Logan #1 (November 2009).

After the 2014 "Death of Wolverine" storyline, Laura Kinney took the Wolverine mantle but an Old Man Logan from the similar alternate universe was brought in to serve as an X-Man, and featured in his own ongoing series.

Old Man Logan was one of the inspirations for the 2017 film Logan, starring Hugh Jackman as the title character. The character later made a cameo appearance as Old Man Logan in the 2024 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Deadpool & Wolverine.

Ongoing series
In comics, an ongoing series is a series that runs indefinitely. This is in contrast to limited series (a series intended to end after a certain number of issues thus limited), a one shot (a comic book which is not a part of an ongoing series), a graphic novel, or a trade paperback, but a series of graphic novels may be considered ongoing as well. The term may also informally refer to a current or incomplete limited series with a predetermined number of issues.
Aptiganel
Aptiganel (Cerestat; CNS-1102) is an unsuccessful drug candidate which acts as a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, and that was under development by Cambridge Neuroscience, Inc as a treatment for stroke. It has neuroprotective effects and was researched for potential use in the treatment of stroke, but despite positive results in animal studies, human trials showed limited efficacy, as well as undesirable side effects such as sedation and hallucinations, and clinical development was ultimately not continued.

The drug's failure led to the collapse of Cambridge Neuroscience in 1998 and its eventual sale to CeNeS Pharmaceuticals in 2000.

Other guanidine substances that the company had been bowling on was Cns-1145 & CNS1237.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
Ray Jacobs Boarding School
Ray Jacobs Boarding School is a private co-educational primary and secondary school located in Mgbidi, Imo State in Nigeria. The school started as only a primary school and the secondary section was added in 2012. Ray Jacobs Boarding School has won numerous awards both at the national and international level. The school is a member of the American Montessori Society.

Mgbidi, Imo
Mgbidi is the headquarters of Oru West, a local government area of Imo State in southeastern Nigeria. It is located at latitude 5.37° N and longitude 6.57° E. It was the headquarters of the Oru Local Government Area before its division into two local government areas, Oru West and Oru East, in 1996 under the presidency of Sani Abacha.
Harmen van Straaten
Harmen van Straaten (born 15 September 1958) is a Dutch author and illustrator.

He has illustrated books by numerous Dutch and Belgian authors, including Carli Biessels, Bette Westera, Hilde Vandermeeren and Jaap ter Haar.

In 2013, his book Je bent super... Jan! was the Kinderboekenweekgeschenk during the Boekenweek of that year.

His uncle Peter van Straaten was a Dutch cartoonist and comics artist.

Boekenweek
In the Netherlands, the Boekenweek (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbukə(ɱ)ˌʋeːk] ⓘ; English: Book Week) is an annual "week" of ten days dedicated to Dutch literature. It has been held in March annually since 1932. Each Boekenweek has a theme. The beginning of the Boekenweek is marked by the Boekenbal (book ball), a gathering that is attended by writers and publishers. Events are held across the country during the Boekenweek, such as book signing sessions, literary festivals and debates.
Inhaca Airport
Inhaca Airport (IATA: IHC, ICAO: FQIA) is an airport near Inhaca, a town on Inhaca Island, in the Maputo Province in Mozambique. It is located across Maputo Bay from the country's capital city of Maputo.

Maputo Province
Maputo [mɐˈputu] is a province of Mozambique; the province excludes the city of Maputo (which comprises a separate province). The province has an area of 22,693 km2 (8,762 sq mi) and a population of 1,968,906 (2017 census). Its capital is the city of Matola.
Kananaskis Range
The Kananaskis Range is a mountain range west of the Kananaskis River in the Continental Ranges of the Canadian Rockies. Many of the peaks are named after ships and people involved in the Battle of Jutland.

Mount Bogart is named after D.B. Dowling.  Bogart was his mother's maiden name and his middle name.  D.B. Dowling surveyed the area in the early 1900s for the Geographical Society of Canada. Tower was named after Francis George Towers an early homesteader of the region.  Mt McDougal another early  homesteader Archie McDougal of Carstairs.  Mts. Evans Thomas named after Thomas Oldham Evans an early homesteader.

Kananaskis River
The Kananaskis River /ˌkænəˈnæskɪs/ is a mountain river in western Alberta, Canada. It is a tributary of the Bow River, crossing much of the length of the northern section of Kananaskis Country.

The river was named by John Palliser in 1858 after a Cree.
Australian Early Development Census
The Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) is a nationwide data collection that measures the development of children at the time they start their first year of full-time school in Australia. Conducted every three years since 2009, the AEDC provides population-level data on children's health, wellbeing, language and learning across various developmental domains. The AEDC data is used to inform early childhood policy, planning and research.

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations
The Australian Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) was a department of the Government of Australia.

It was formed in 2007 and absorbed the former departments of Education, Science and Training, and Employment and Workplace Relations. As a result of an Administrative Arrangements Order issued on 18 September 2013, the Department of Education and the Department of Employment were created out of the former Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations.
Peter Rippon
Peter William Rippon (born 22 August 1965) is a British broadcasting executive.  He is the editor of the BBC Online Archive. He was previously the editor of BBC Television's current affairs programme Newsnight, but he departed due to the controversy over his decision not to broadcast a posthumous investigation into the sexual abuse allegations against Jimmy Savile.

World at One
The World at One (or WATO, pronounced "what-oh") is BBC Radio 4's long-running lunchtime news and current affairs radio programme, broadcast weekdays from 13:00 to 13:45 and produced by BBC News. The programme describes itself as "Britain's leading political programme. With a reputation for rigorous and original investigation, it is required listening in Westminster".

From 7 November 2011, the programme was extended in length from 30 minutes to 45 minutes.
Jaazeiro
Jaazeiro (30 March 1975 – 1986) was an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. Bred in Kentucky, he was trained in France as two-year-old and established himself as a top-class racehorse by winning the Prix des Chênes and finishing a close fourth in the Grand Critérium. He was based in Ireland in 1978, when he proved himself one of the best milers in Europe, winning the Irish 2000 Guineas, St James's Palace Stakes and Sussex Stakes. He was retired to stud after a defeat in the Waterford Crystal Mile but had little success as a breeding stallion. He died in Spain in 1986 at the age of eleven.

Sussex Stakes
The Sussex Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Canton of Agen-4
The canton of Agen-4 is an administrative division of the Lot-et-Garonne department, southwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Agen.

It consists of the following communes:

Agen (partly)

Le Passage

Lot-et-Garonne
Lot-et-Garonne (French pronunciation: [lɔt e ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ, Occitan: Òlt e Garona) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 331,271 in 2019. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.
Amabilis of Riom
Amabilis of Riom (or Amabilis of Auvergne) (French: Saint Amable, Italian: Sant'Amabile) was a Gallo-Roman saint.  Sidonius Apollinaris brought Amabilis to serve at Clermont.

He served as a cantor in the church of Saint Mary at Clermont and as a precentor at the cathedral of Clermont and then as a parish priest in Riom.  He acquired a reputation for holiness in his lifetime.

Amabilis is not to be confused with a female saint (also known as Saint Mable) with this name who died in 634 AD; she was the daughter of an Anglo-Saxon king and became a nun at Saint-Amand monastery, Rouen.  Her feast day is 11 July.

Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral
Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral, or the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption of Clermont-Ferrand (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Clermont-Ferrand), is a Gothic cathedral and French national monument located in the city of Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne. It is the seat of the Archbishops of Clermont (bishops until 2002).

It is built entirely in black lava stone, which makes it highly distinctive, and visible from a great distance. Its twin spires are 96.1 metres tall, and tower above the city's rooftops. It has been listed since 1862 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
Sauce américaine
Sauce américaine (pronounced [sos ameʁikɛn]; French for 'American sauce') is a recipe from classic French cookery containing chopped onions, tomatoes, white wine, brandy, salt, cayenne pepper, butter and fish stock. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as sauce armoricaine (pronounced [sos aʁmɔʁikɛn]), but in fact the sauce was invented by a cook from Sète, Hérault, who had worked in the United States.

Sète
Sète (French pronunciation: [sɛt]; Occitan: Seta, [ˈsetɔ]), also historically spelled Cette (official until 1928) and Sette, is a resort town and commune in the Hérault department, in the region of Occitania, southern France. Its inhabitants are called Sétois (male) and Sétoises (female) in French, "Setòris" and "Setòria" in Occitan.

Known as the Venice of Languedoc and the singular island (in Paul Valéry's words), it is a port and a seaside resort on the Mediterranean with its own very strong cultural identity, traditions, cuisine and dialect. It is the hometown of such artists as Paul Valéry, Maurice Elie Sarthou, Jean Vilar, Georges Brassens, Hervé Di Rosa, Manitas de Plata, and Robert Combas. Since May 12, 2025, Hervé Marquès is the mayor of the city.
Charlotte Gardner
Charlotte Ancher Gardner (November 14, 1931 – June 10, 2020) was an American politician and educator.

Gardner was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She moved with her family to Rockwell, North Carolina and graduated from Rockwell High School. Gardner graduated from Catawba College. She taught high school and lived in Salisbury, North Carolina with her husband and family. Gardner served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1985 to 2001 and was a Republican. Gardner died in Kannapolis, North Carolina.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
Expedition to the Moulouya
The Expedition to the Moulouya was an expedition conducted by Arudj Reis after he seized Tlemcen and the Mechouar from its Spanish client with the help of his ally, Ahmad al-Kadi.

Arudj Reis and Ahmad al-Kadi acted on the request of Tlemcen's inhabitants to free the city of its Spanish yoke. They scored a victory at Sidi Bel Abbess and seized the city of Tlemcen.

Following the seizure of Tlemcen, Arudj Reis made conquests in the eastern lands of Morocco. He pushed his conquests to the Moulouya. He captured and garrisoned Tibda, Oujda and Debdou. He then conducted raids in the lands of the Beni Snassen and forced the Beni Amer and Beni Snassen to recognise his authority and imposed a tribute on them.

After these successes, the Spanish sought to take back Tlemcen and restore a client ruler, this ultimately resulted in the Fall of Tlemcen (1518).

Tlemcen
Tlemcen (/tlɛmˈsɛn/; Arabic: تِلِمْسَان, romanized: Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran and the capital of Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the port of Rachgoun. It had a population of 140,158, as of the 2008 census.

A major centre of the Central Maghreb, the city is a mix of Arab, Berber, Andalusi, Ottoman, and Western influences. From this mosaic of influences, the city derives the title of capital of Andalusian art in Algeria. Various titles are attributed to the city including "the Pearl of the Maghreb", "the African Granada" and "the Medina of the West".