hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nuer White Army
The Nuer White Army, sometimes decapitalised as the "white army", is a semi-official name for an ethnic Nuer militant organization in central and eastern Greater Upper Nile in modern-day South Sudan formed around 1991. According to the Small Arms Survey, it arose from the 1991 schism within the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) for the dual purpose of defending Nuer cattle herds from neighbouring groups and fighting in the Second Sudanese Civil War between the SPLM/A and the Sudanese government.

While sometimes reported that the White Army was so named due to the Nuer practice of smearing one's skin with a light-coloured ash as a protection against biting insects, other sources contend the name was merely intended to draw a distinction between the Nuer militia and the Sudan Armed Forces, with the irregular "white" forces opposing the regular "black" forces.

Insect repellent
An insect repellent (also commonly called "bug spray" or "bug deterrent") is a substance applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Insect repellents help prevent and control the outbreak of insect-borne (and other arthropod-bourne) diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, dengue fever, bubonic plague, river blindness, and West Nile fever. Pest animals commonly serving as vectors for disease include insects such as flea, fly, and mosquito; and ticks (arachnids).

Some insect repellents are insecticides (bug killers), but most simply discourage insects and send them flying or crawling away.
Aist 1
Aist 1 (Russian: Аист 1, meaning Stork 1) is a Russian technology demonstration satellite which was launched in December 2013. Aist 1 is operated by the Samara Aerospace University, who constructed it in partnership with TsSKB Progress. It is the second launched Aist satellite, following Aist 2's April 2013 launch.

Progress Rocket Space Centre
Rocket and Space Centre "Progress" (Russian: Ракетно-Космический Центр «Прогресс», romanized: Raketno-Kosmicheskiy Tsentr "Progress"), commonly known as RKTs Progress (Russian: РКЦ Прогресс), is a Russian joint-stock company under Roscosmos. It is responsible for building and operating the Soyuz family of rockets, which serve as the primary launch vehicles for the Russian space program.

The company traces its origins to the Soviet-era State Aviation Factory No. 1, established in Samara in 1941, which came to be known as "Progress." In 1974, the Central Specialized Design Bureau (TsSKB) was established to refine the R-7 rocket’s design. In 1996, these two entities merged to form the company TsSKB-Progress.
Keepin' My Eyes On You
Keepin' My Eyes On You is the second album by Christian singer-songwriter Twila Paris, released in 1982 by Milk & Honey Records. Paris' first two radio singles "Humility" and the title song were both placed in the Top 20 on the Christian radio charts and her song "We Will Gloify" has become a praise and worship standard. Starting with this album produced by Jonathan David Brown, Paris' future albums would be produced by Brown up until 1989.

Jonathan David Brown
Jonathan David Brown (November 20, 1955 – September 27, 2016) was an American record producer and audio engineer known for his work on albums released in the Contemporary Christian music industry. Brown served federal prison time as an accessory after the fact for helping a member of the Tennessee White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan evade authorities.

Brown's production work started with several Maranatha! Music artists in the 1970s and continued through the 1980s, working with such artists as Petra, Twila Paris, Steve Taylor, Daniel Amos, Glen Campbell, Bob Bennett and David Meece. His work as a recording engineer includes albums for Mark Heard, Daniel Amos, Gentle Faith, and Tom Howard.
HNoMS Stavanger
At least two ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have been named HNoMS Stavanger, after the city of Stavanger:

HNoMS Stavanger (1946), a C-class destroyer purchased from the Royal Navy in 1946 and broken up in 1967.

HNoMS Stavanger (F303), an Oslo-class frigate launched in 1966 and expended as a target in 2001.

HNoMS Stavanger (F303)
HNoMS Stavanger (pennant number F303) was an Oslo-class frigate of the Royal Norwegian Navy. Her namesake comes from the Norwegian city of Stavanger.

Stavanger was decommissioned in 1998. She was later used for target practice and sunk in 2001 by a single DM2A3 torpedo launched from the Ula-class submarine Utstein (pennant number S302).
The Umbilical Brothers
The Umbilical Brothers are an Australian comedy duo formed in 1988, consisting of David Collins and Shane Dundas. Their performances heavily feature physical comedy and surreal elements. Stage shows by the Umbilical Brothers include Heaven by Storm (1996), Thwack (1999), SpeedMouse (2001), Don't Explain (2007), and Kidshow: Not Suitable For Children (2015).

In 2006, Collins and Dundas created and starred in a children's comedy series called The Upside Down Show, which won a Daytime Emmy Award and a Logie Award for Most Outstanding Children's Program. The series was inspired by the Umbilical Brothers' adult-oriented comedy act SpeedMouse.

The duo's other television appearances include regular skits on The Sideshow and guest performances on the Late Show with David Letterman, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, and Rove.

Physical comedy
Physical comedy is a form of comedy focused on manipulation of the body for a humorous effect. It can include slapstick, clowning, mime, physical stunts, or making funny faces.

Physical comedy originated as part of the Commedia dell'arte. It is now sometimes incorporated into sitcoms; for example, in the sitcom Three's Company, actor John Ritter frequently performed pratfalls. Cartoons, particularly film shorts, also commonly depict an exaggerated form of physical comedy (incorporating cartoon physics), such as in Tom and Jerry and Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner.
Hualapai Peak
Hualapai Peak is a 8,417-foot (2,566 m) mountain summit in Mohave County, Arizona, and is the highest point of the Hualapai Mountains. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Kingman in Hualapai Mountain County Park.

The mountain is characterized by huge granite outcroppings and pillars, a result of its volcanic origin. Although trails lead to its base, a moderate scramble and climb is required to reach the summit.

There are also climbing routes along the trail to the peak.

It is named after the Hualapai Native American tribe. Hualapai means "people of the tall pines".

Kingman, Arizona
Kingman is a city in and the county seat of Mohave County, Arizona, United States. It is named after Lewis Kingman, an engineer for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. The population was 32,693 at the 2020 census.
Bush Township, Boyd County, Nebraska
Bush Township is one of nine townships in Boyd County, Nebraska, United States. The Township was named for George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States.  The population was 72 at the 2020 census. A 2022 estimate placed the township's population at 68.

The Village of Monowi lies within the Township.

Monowi, Nebraska
Monowi (/ˈmɒnoʊwaɪ/, MON-oh-wye) is the least populous incorporated village in the United States by population by having a population of one. It is in Boyd County, Nebraska, United States, and received national and international attention after the 2010 United States census recorded only one resident in the village, Elsie Eiler, who serves as its mayor, librarian, clerk, and treasurer. Although the 2020 census erroneously listed Monowi's population as two, this was confirmed to be an example of differential privacy in the census data; Eiler remains the town's sole resident.

According to tradition, the name "Monowi" means "flower" in an unidentified Native American language. Monowi was named after the many wildflowers growing at the original site of the village.
Edward Lawn
Edward Charles Lawn (July 18, 1879 – May 15, 1961) was a Canadian merchant and politician in Quebec. He represented Pontiac in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1935 to 1948 as a Liberal.

The son of John Lawn, farmer, and Jane Kenshaly, he was born in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet and was educated in Bryson, in L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet and at business college in Ottawa. Lawn was a general merchant and lumber merchant in Campbell's Bay. He was a school trustee for 35 years and served as mayor of Campbell's Bay from 1920 to 1946. He served as prefect for Pontiac County from 1926 to 1928.

He was elected in 1935 and reelected in 1936, 1939 and 1944. He served as party whip from 1940 to 1945. Lawn was defeated by Raymond Thomas Johnston when he ran for reelection in 1948.

Lawn married Maggie Shannon in 1906.

He died in Campbell's Bay at the age of 81.

Quebec Liberal Party
The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti libéral du Québec [paʁti libeʁal dy kebɛk], PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.

The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuanced Canadian nationalist tones that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation, while also supporting reforms that would allow substantial autonomism in Quebec. In the context of federal Canadian politics, it is a more centrist party when compared to Conservative and Liberal parties in other provinces, such as the former British Columbia Liberal Party.
Subsea valves
Subsea valves are used to isolate or control the flow of material through an undersea pipeline (submarine pipeline) or other apparatus. Most commonly used to transport oil and gas, they are designed to function in a sub-marine environment, withstanding the effects of raised external pressure, salt-water corrosion, and bubbles or debris in the material carried. Subsea valves undergo stringent testing to ensure high reliability.

Submarine pipeline
A submarine pipeline (also known as marine, subsea or offshore pipeline) is a pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench.  In some cases, the pipeline is mostly on-land but in places it crosses water expanses, such as small seas, straits and rivers. Submarine pipelines are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important. A distinction is sometimes made between a flowline and a pipeline. The former is an intrafield pipeline, in the sense that it is used to connect subsea wellheads, manifolds and the platform within a particular development field. The latter, sometimes referred to as an export pipeline, is used to bring the resource to shore. Sizeable pipeline construction projects need to take into account many factors, such as the offshore ecology, geohazards and environmental loading – they are often undertaken by multidisciplinary, international teams.
Communicative competence
The concept of communicative competence, as developed in linguistics, originated in response to perceived inadequacy of the notion of linguistic competence. That is, communicative competence encompasses a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, but reconceives this knowledge as a functional, social understanding of how and when to use utterances appropriately.

Communicative language teaching is a pedagogical application of communicative competence.

The understanding of communicative competence has been influenced by the field of pragmatics and the philosophy of language, including work on speech acts.

Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.
Middle Sister (California)
Middle Sister is a mountain in the Sweetwater Mountains of Mono County, California, United States. It is located within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The northeast ridge crosses into Lyon County in Nevada, making that location the Lyon County's highest point at about 10,565 feet (3,220 m).

Mono County, California
Mono County (/ˈmoʊnoʊ/ MOH-noh) is a county located in the east central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 13,195, making it the fourth-least populous county in California. The county seat is Bridgeport. The county is located east of the Sierra Nevada between Yosemite National Park and Nevada. The only incorporated town in the county is Mammoth Lakes, which is located at the foot of Mammoth Mountain.  Other locations, such as June Lake, are also famous as skiing and fishing resorts. Located in the middle of the county is Mono Lake, a vital habitat for millions of migratory and nesting birds. The lake is located in a wild natural setting, with pinnacles of tufa arising out of the salty and alkaline lake. Also located in Mono County is Bodie, the official state gold rush ghost town, which is now a California State Historic Park.
Youth Studies Australia
Youth Studies Australia is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Australian Clearinghouse for Youth Studies – also known as ACYS – based at the University of Tasmania. The journal is published quarterly, in hard copy and online in full text for subscribers. The full text of YSA is also available via Informit, EBSCO Publishing, and local libraries in the USA and Australia.

Its content includes "peer-reviewed feature articles that are research- and/or practice-based; abstracts compiled from current national and international scholarly journals; "Practice notes – a column devoted to articles of particular relevance to practitioners working directly with young people; "Peak new" – updates on the activities of Australia’s state and national youth peak organisations; "Youth matters" – items chosen from our news services for their relevance to research contained in the journal; book reviews and updates on Australian Government initiatives in the youth field.

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.
Bundesautobahn 67
Bundesautobahn 67 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 67, short form Autobahn 67, abbreviated as BAB 67 or A 67) is an autobahn in Germany. It connects the A3 and A6, passing cities such as Rüsselsheim and Darmstadt.

Rüsselsheim station
Rüsselsheim station is a transit station in the town of Rüsselsheim am Main in the German state of Hesse on the Main Railway from Mainz to Frankfurt am Main. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. The station is served by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn and by regional trains. There is another station in Rüsselsheim, Rüsselsheim-Opelwerk station, which is served by S-Bahn trains only.

The station was opened in 1863. The Rüsselsheim train disaster occurred near the station on 2 February 1990, killing 17 persons and severely injuring 145.
William Grove (16th-century MP)
William Grove (1532/33 – 1582), of Shaftesbury, Dorset, and Donhead St. Andrew, Wiltshire, was an English Member of Parliament and lawyer.

He was the son of Robert Grove. He was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford and was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1557.

Grove bought estates at Donhead St Andrew and Sedgehill, both in Wiltshire, in 1563 and 1573 respectively.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Shaftesbury in 1558.

Shaftesbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Shaftesbury was a parliamentary constituency in Dorset. It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of England, Great Britain and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1295 until 1832 and one member until the constituency was abolished in 1885.
The Canterville Ghost (stage musical)
The Canterville Ghost is a stage musical by Peter Quilter and Charles Miller, adapted from the 1887 short story of the same name by Oscar Wilde.  The show premiered on the London Fringe in 1995 and was presented on a national tour of the UK in 1998 starring Ron Moody.

It was published by Samuel French Ltd.

Ron Moody
Ron Moody (born Ronald Moodnick; 8 January 1924 – 11 June 2015) was an English actor, composer, singer and writer. He was best known for his portrayal of Fagin in Lionel Bart's 1960 stage musical Oliver!, originating the role in the initial London production and reprising it in the 1968 film adaptation and in West End and Broadway revivals in the 1980s. Moody earned a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for the film, as well as a Tony Award nomination for the stage production. Other notable projects include The Mouse on the Moon (1963), Mel Brooks's The Twelve Chairs (1970) and Flight of the Doves (1971), in which Moody shared the screen with Oliver! co-star Jack Wild.
2007 Women's African Volleyball Championship
The 2007 Women's African Nations Championship was the 13th edition of the Women's African Volleyball Championship organised by Africa's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Africaine de Volleyball (CAVB). It was held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 5 to 11 September 2007.

Originally planned to be hosted by Uganda, the tournament changed hosts on 9 August 2007, when the CAVB announced Kenya as the hosts due to Uganda's venue not being ready in time for the tournament. Nairobi was selected as the city

Kenya won the championship defeating Algeria in the final, while Tunisia defeated Egypt to finish third.

East Africa Time
East Africa Time (EAT) is a time zone used in eastern and central Africa, with a standard offset of UTC+03:00 from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). It is one of the most widely used time zones in Africa, adopted by countries including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, and others. EAT does not observe daylight saving time (DST), maintaining a consistent offset year-round due to the region's equatorial proximity, which results in minimal variation in daylight hours. In the IANA time zone database, EAT is represented by the canonical identifier Africa/Nairobi, with aliases such as Africa/Kampala and Africa/Dar_es_Salaam.

The time zone is three hours ahead of UTC (UTC+03:00), which is the same as Moscow Time, Arabia Standard Time, Further-eastern European Time and Eastern European Summer Time.
1981 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 1981. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Star Blazers
Star Blazers is an American adaptation of the Japanese anime television series Space Battleship Yamato I (1974), II (1978), and III (1980) (宇宙戦艦ヤマト, Uchū Senkan Yamato). Star Blazers was first broadcast in the United States in 1979. It was the first popular English-translated anime that had an overarching plot and storyline that required the episodes to be viewed in order, which paved the way for future arc-based, plot-driven anime translations. It also dealt with somewhat more mature themes than other productions aimed at the same target audience at the time.
Timothy Jordan II
Timothy (Tim) Anderson Jordan II (March 8, 1981 – December 13, 2005) was an American keyboardist, guitarist, and songwriter. He was primarily known as a touring member of the platinum-selling band, The All-American Rejects.

Keyboardist
A keyboardist or keyboard player is a musician who plays keyboard instruments. Until the early 1960s musicians who played keyboards were generally classified as either pianists or organists.  Since the mid-1960s, a plethora of new musical instruments with keyboards have come into common usage, such as synthesizers and digital piano, requiring a more general term for a person who plays them. In the 2010s, professional keyboardists in popular music often play a variety of different keyboard instruments, including piano, tonewheel organ, synthesizer, and clavinet. Some keyboardists may also play related instruments such as piano accordion, melodica, pedal keyboard, or keyboard-layout bass pedals.
Acme School of Stuff
The Acme School of Stuff is a half-hour Canadian children's television show which was broadcast on TVOntario between 1 September 1988 and 1 December 1990. The Acme School of Stuff was hosted by its producer David Stringer. The show primarily consisted of theory of operation on a subject or certain item at the beginning, then a field trip to a plant in the middle and following another theory of operation on some other item or subject at the end.

Notable features included:

A Rube Goldberg machine made from devices explained on the show, as an opening scene

Technical facts presented in a way understandable to school age children in a conversational manner

Breaking the fourth wall by use of camera and lighting effects, and audible comments by the TV crew

Many of the episodes have been uploaded to YouTube under the acmeschool channel.

References

https://natlib.govt.nz/records/20741025?search%5Bi%5D%5Bsubject%5D=Electric+apparatus+and+appliances&search%5Bpath%5D=items

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.