hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars
To date, interplanetary spacecraft have provided abundant evidence of water on Mars, dating back to the Mariner 9 mission, which arrived at Mars in 1971. This article provides a mission by mission breakdown of the discoveries they have made. For a more comprehensive description of evidence for water on Mars today, and the history of water on that planet, see Water on Mars.

Juventae Chasma
Juventae Chasma is an enormous box canyon (250 km × 100 km) on Mars which opens to the north and forms the outflow channel Maja Valles.  Juventae Chasma is located north of Valles Marineris in the Coprates quadrangle and cuts more than 5 km into the plains of Lunae Planum.
High School of Music & Art
The High School of Music & Art (informally known as Music & Art or M&A) was a public specialized high school located at 443-465 West 135th Street in Manhattan, New York, from 1936 until 1984. In 1961, Music & Art and the High School of Performing Arts (est. 1947) were formed into a two-campus high school. The schools fully merged in 1984 into the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & the Arts.

Colloquially known as "The Castle on the Hill," the building which once housed Music & Art is located in the Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Harlem, in the campus of the City College of New York across the street from St. Nicholas Park. The building now houses the A. Philip Randolph Campus High School, a magnet school of the New York City Department of Education.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Knights of Saint Thomas
The Hospitallers of St Thomas of Canterbury at Acre, usually called the Knights of St Thomas, was a Christian military order of the Catholic Church. Membership was restricted to Englishmen.

The emblem of the order was a red cross with a white scallop in the centre and the Knights wore a white habit.

Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or  prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a  superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". The office may head a local house, a region of houses (prior provincial), or the entire order (prior general). Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be lower in rank than the abbey's abbot or abbess.
Guilty Pleasures (Glee)
"Guilty Pleasures" is the seventeenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee, and the eighty-third episode overall. Written by Russel Friend and Garrett Lerner and directed by Eric Stoltz, it aired on Fox in the United States on March 21, 2013. Kelley Mitchell, Jennifer Greenberg, Melissa Buell, Tym Shutchai Buacharern, Paula Jane Hamilton and Darla Albright were nominated at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series for this episode.

Jacob Artist
Jacob Artist (born October 17, 1992) is an American actor, singer, and dancer. He is best known for his roles as Jake Puckerman on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee and as Brandon Fletcher on the ABC drama-thriller series Quantico.
Dullu
Dullu (Nepali: दुल्लु) is an urban Municipality in Dailekh District of Karnali Province in Nepal.

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census former Dullu had a population of 30,457 people living in 5,861 individual households. After the reconstruction of local level authority in Nepal in 2017, the total area of the new Dullu municipality has 156.77 square kilometres (60.53 sq mi) and total population is now (as of 2011 Nepal census) 41,540.

Karnali Province
Karnali Province (Nepali: कर्णाली प्रदेश, romanized: Karṇālī pradēśa) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution, which was adopted on 20 September 2015. The total area of the province is 27,984 square kilometres (10,805 mi2), making it the largest province in Nepal with 18.97% of the country's area. According to the 2011 Nepal census, the population of the province was 1,570,418, making it the least populous province in Nepal. The province borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the east, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Lumbini Province to the south. Birendranagar with a population of 154,886 is both the province's capital and largest city.
2008 Fortis Championships Luxembourg
The 2008 Fortis Championships Luxembourg was a women's tennis tournament on indoor hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the Fortis Championships Luxembourg, and was part of the Tier III Series of the 2008 WTA Tour. The tournament took place in Kockelscheuer, Luxembourg, from 20 October until 26 October 2008. First-seeded Elena Dementieva won the singles title and earned $35,000 first-prize money.

WTA Tier III tournaments
The WTA Tier III tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis third-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years due to tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009, most Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from previous seasons became WTA International Tournaments owing to a category change. The main reason for the changes was to ease the pressure on players in terms of the number of tournaments that they were required to play.
Santa Rosa, Cauca
Santa Rosa is a Colombian municipality located in the department of Cauca, in the region known as the Bota Caucana. It is located on the eastern slope of the Colombian Massif, the mountainous area where the Central  and Oriental Cordilleras merge. Its economy is based on agriculture, its main products are corn, sugar cane, plantain and livestock. It includes the corregiments of Carmelo, San Juan de Villalobos and Descanse.

Corregimiento
Corregimiento (Spanish: [korexiˈmjento]; Catalan: Corregiment, IPA: [kurəʒiˈmen]) is a Spanish term used for country subdivisions for royal administrative purposes, ensuring districts were under crown control as opposed to local elites. A corregimiento was usually headed by a corregidor. The name comes from the word corregir, meaning "to correct".
Walter Hugo
Walter Hugo is a London-based artist, working in the media of sculpture, photography, film, and performance.

Hugo has exhibited at SHOWstudio, showing part of his body of work Reflecting The Bright Lights. This formed part of the Practice to Deceive exhibition in April 2011. For this body of work, he built a room-sized camera and utilised an 18th-century lens to create a series of portraits shot directly onto glass plates.

During the course of the exhibition, Hugo re-built the camera on site in SHOWstudio for an online live stream of the process of creating the portraits.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Baltimore County School No. 7
Baltimore County School No. 7, also known as Ashland School, is a historic school building located at Cockeysville, Baltimore County, Maryland. It was constructed in 1882 at the entrance to the village of Ashland. It was associated with the Ashland Iron Works. It is built of rough cut marble ashlar from a nearby quarry. The exterior reflects the influence of the Queen Anne style with gabled windows, elaborate cornice work, fan-shaped attic vents at the roof peak, and numerous large banks of multi-pained windows. Originally a two-room schoolhouse, it was converted into a private residence in 1930.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Baltimore County, Maryland
Baltimore County is the third-most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Baltimore County partly surrounds but does not include the independent city of Baltimore. It is part of the Northeast megalopolis, which stretches from Northern Virginia in the south to Boston in the north and includes major American population centers, including New York City and Philadelphia. Major economic sectors in the county include education, government, and health care. As of the 2020 census, the population was 854,535. The county is home to several universities, including Goucher College, Stevenson University, Towson University, and University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
Chichester, Quebec
Chichester is a township municipality and village in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the Pontiac Regional County Municipality.

Chichester is located along the north shores of the Ottawa River across from Chapeau on Allumette Island.

Its settlements include Chichester and Nichabau. Nichabau, also known as Nicabeau or Nichabong, is a scenic hamlet located northwest of Chichester in what used to be referred to as Poupore's Limits. It is noted for its great number of square log homes.

Ottawa River
The Ottawa River (French: Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kichi-Sìbì/Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It is named after the Algonquin word "to trade", as it was the major trade route of Eastern Canada at the time. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River and the longest river in Quebec.
McGeever
McGeever is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlie McGeever (born 1961), Irish sportsperson

John McGeever (1939–2022), American football player

Kitty McGeever (1966–2015), English actress and comedian

Ryan McGeever (born 1994), Scottish footballer

Ryan McGeever
Ryan McGeever (born 30 April 1994) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a Defender. McGeever began his career with Queen's Park, and signed for Falkirk in the summer of 2012 also spending time with Brechin City and Dumbarton, where he was club captain. During his time at Falkirk, he had loan spells at Peterhead, Arbroath (twice) and whilst at Dumbarton he spent time on loan at Clyde.
1994–95 Belarusian Cup
The 1994–95 Belarusian Cup was the fourth season of the annual Belarusian football cup competition.

Contrary to the league season, it was conducted in a fall-spring rhythm. It began on 3 August 1994 with the preliminary round and ended on 28 June 1995 with the final at the Dinamo Stadium in Minsk.

FC Dinamo Minsk were the defending champions, having defeated FC Fandok Bobruisk in the 1994 final, but were knocked out in the third round by FC Molodechno.

FC Dinamo-93 Minsk won the final against FC Torpedo Mogilev after the penalty shootout to win their first title.

Belarusian Cup
The Belarusian Cup (Belarusian: Кубак Беларусі, romanized: Kubak Belarusi) is an annual association football knock-out cup competition for men's football clubs of Belarus, organized by the Football Federation of Belarus.

Belarusian Cup was established in 1992. Each year the winning team qualifies for the UEFA Europa League.
Elcho Castle
Elcho Castle (/ˈɛl.xoʊ/) is located close to the south bank of the River Tay approximately four miles south-east of Perth, Scotland, in the region of Perth and Kinross. It was maintained by Clan Wemyss from its construction around 1560 until it was put into the care of the Secretary of State for Scotland in the early 20th century, though was not occupied for the entire time. In around 1830 it was re-roofed and a nearby cottage constructed. The castle has been a scheduled monument since 1920 on the grounds of being "a particularly fine example of a Medieval tower-house", and the cottage became a listed building in 1971 in recognition of its national importance. The castle is unusual in that it has both en suite guest accommodation like a mansion, but also a large number of gun loops.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
Hans Nyffeler
Hans Nyffeler was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel as a forward.

Nyffeler joined Basel's first team during their 1943–44 season. After one test match he made his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 5 September 1943 as Basel drew 1–1 with Luzern. He scored his first goal for his club on 26 September in the away game against Lausanne-Sport as Basel were defeated 1–4.

During his two seasons with Basel, Nyffeler played 22 games and scored eight goals; 16 games were in the Swiss Serie A and 6 were friendly games. He scored one goal in the domestic league and the other seven during the test games.

FC Luzern
Fussball-Club Luzern (German pronunciation: [ɛf ˈt͡seː luˈtsɛrn]), or simply abbreviated to FCL, is a Swiss sports club based in Lucerne (German: Luzern). It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Super League, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, and has won the national title once and the national cup three times.

The club colours are blue and white, derived from the City of Lucerne and Canton of Lucerne coats of arms. The club plays its home games at Swissporarena which was newly built in 2011 at the place of the old Stadion Allmend.

FC Luzern was founded in 1901. It has non-professional departments for women's football, volleyball, boccia and gymnastics.
Castlefinn railway station
Castlefinn railway station served the village of Castlefin in County Donegal, Ireland.

The station opened on 7 September 1863 on the Finn Valley Railway line from Strabane to Stranorlar.

It closed on 1 January 1960.

Stranorlar
Stranorlar (Irish: Srath an Urláir) is a town, townland and civil parish in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, in Ireland. Stranorlar and Ballybofey (located on the other side of the River Finn) form the twin towns of Ballybofey–Stranorlar.
Sae Yamamoto (curler)
Sae Yamamoto (Japanese: 山本冴, Hepburn: Yamamoto Sae; born 2 May 2001) is a Japanese curler. She currently plays second on the Hokkaido Bank curling team skipped by Miku Nihira. In 2022, she medaled gold at the World Junior Curling Championships as the skip for the Japanese team.

Second (curling)
In curling, the second is the person who delivers the second pair of stones after the lead. On most teams, where the second does not act as skip or vice, the second will sweep for each of their teammates. Due to the free-guard-zone rule, which prevents guards from being removed from play by the leads, the second is usually a curler with a high degree of proficiency throwing takeouts, peels, and other power shots. Following the adoption of the five-rock rule in 2018, the role of the second has become more of a finesse role, as seconds often have to throw guards and other finesse shots.
Totapolakanda
Totapolakanda (also Thotupolakanda or Thotupola Kanda), is the third highest mountain in Sri Lanka situated in Nuwara Eliya district 2,357 m (7,733 ft) above mean sea level. The mountain is located within the Horton Plains National Park. A trail to the top of the mountain, about two kilometres long, starts a few metres away from the Pattipola entrance to the Horton Plains National Park. Most parts of the mountain surface is covered with shrubs adapted to the cool and windy climate of Horton Plains National Park. Strobilanthes, Osbeckia and Rhodomyrtus species grown as shrubs are common among them.

Rhodomyrtus
Rhodomyrtus is a group of shrubs and trees in the family Myrtaceae, described as a genus in 1841 and native to southern China, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia.

Its greatest levels of diversity are in New Guinea and northeastern Australia. Snow et al. confirmed in 2008 that the genus is polyphyletic, i.e. it includes taxa that do not have a common predecessor, and they recommended more detailed DNA studies to determine if and how it should be split into two or more smaller monophyletic genera.: 703, 704
Eric Abetz
Eric Abetz (born 25 January 1958) is an  Australian politician. He was a Senator for Tasmania from 1994 to 2022, representing the Liberal Party, and since March 2024 has been a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly for the Franklin electorate.

He was the Minister for Employment and the Leader of the Government in the Senate in the Abbott government from 2013 to 2015. He previously also served as Special Minister of State in the Howard government from 2001 to 2006 and as Minister for Fisheries, Forestry and Conservation from 2006 to 2007.

Born in Germany, Abetz emigrated to Australia as a small child, when his father came to work for Tasmania's Hydro Electric Commission. He was educated at the University of Tasmania and was a barrister and solicitor before entering politics. He is a former national president of the Australian Liberal Students' Federation and was state president of the Tasmanian Liberals from 1990 to 1994.

Tasmanian Liberal Party
The Tasmanian Liberal Party, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division) and more simply as the Tasmanian Liberals, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in Tasmania.

The incumbent premier of Tasmania is Jeremy Rockliff, who has served as the Liberal leader since 2022.
Liu Zonghan
Liu Zonghan (Chinese: 劉宗翰; pinyin: Liú Zōnghàn; alternatively Liu Tsung-han), also known as David Tsung Han-liu, is a diplomat of the Republic of China. He was his country's final ambassador to Peru due to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the governments in Lima and Beijing in 1971.

China–Peru relations
China–Peru relations (Chinese: 中秘关系; pinyin: Zhōng mì guānxì; Spanish: Relaciones China-Perú) are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Peru. Peru is the first Latin American country which China established formal ties, which was done by the Qing dynasty in August 1875. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the United Nations.

Relations between both nations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers—the Confucius Institute.
Charles Ufford
Charles A. "Charlie" Ufford (died October 9, 1929) was the father of the Dorchester Tunnel plan, the portion of what is now the MBTA Red Line that runs from Andrew Square to Fields Corner and onward to Ashmont.

He was also President of the Boston Lake Shore Home for Tired Mothers and Poor Children, and Vice President of the Dorchester Historical Society.

Dorchester Historical Society
The Dorchester Historical Society is a non-profit historical society devoted to telling the history of Dorchester, Massachusetts since it was founded in 1630. The Dorchester Historical Society was "founded in 1843 and incorporated in 1891." The Historical Society is headquartered in the William Clapp House and also operates several other historic house museums in Dorchester, including the James Blake House (c.1661), and Captain Lemuel Clap House (Clapp Houses) which are open for tours on third Sunday of each month from 11 AM to 3 PM.
Rancho Sanjon de Santa Rita
Rancho Sanjon de Santa Rita was a 48,824-acre (197.58 km2) Mexican land grant mostly in present-day Merced County, California and also a small part in Fresno County, California given in 1841 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Francisco Maria Soberanes.  Sanjon is an alternate spelling of zanja, Spanish for ditch or deep slough. The grant was west of the San Joaquin River and encompassed present-day Santa Rita Park and Dos Palos Y.

Dos Palos Y, California
Dos Palos Y (Dos Palos, Spanish for "Two Timbers") is a census-designated place at the "Y" intersection of State Route 152 and SR 33 in Merced County, California, United States. It is located 11.5 miles (19 km) east of Los Banos and 4.8 miles (7.7 km) north of Dos Palos proper. As of the 2020 census, the population was 310.

In 1966, the local post office was moved to Dos Palos Y from Santa Rita Park, 2.3 miles (3.7 km) to the east.
Van Valkenburgh
Van Valkenburgh or Van Valkenburg is a Dutch toponymic surname indicating an origin in Valkenburg, Dutch Limburg. Notable people with the surname include:

Arba Seymour Van Valkenburgh (1862–1944), American judge

Blaire Van Valkenburgh (born 1952), American paleontologist

Deborah Van Valkenburgh (born 1952), American actress

Dennis van Valkenburgh (born 1944), American sprint canoer

Elizabeth Van Valkenburgh (1799–1846), American murderer

Franklin Van Valkenburgh (1888–1941), American naval officer

Lois Van Valkenburgh (1920–2002), American lobbyist, legislative aide, and activist

Michael Van Valkenburgh (born 1951), American landscape architect

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh (1821–1888), American politician and Union Army officer

Alvin Van Valkenburg (1913–1991), American physicist and inventor

Mac Van Valkenburg (1921–1997), American engineer and academic

Pete Van Valkenburg (born 1950), American football player

Deborah Van Valkenburgh
Deborah Van Valkenburgh (born August 29, 1952) is an American actress best known for her screen debut as Mercy in the 1979 cult film The Warriors, and her role as Jackie Rush for five seasons (1980–1985) on the television situation comedy Too Close for Comfort. In 2012, she won the Best Supporting Actress in a Fantasy Film award at the PollyGrind Underground Film Festival for the film Road to Hell.
Wenceslaus I of Zator
Wenceslaus I of Zator (Polish: Wacław I zatorski; c. 1418 – before 29 July 1468), was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434–1445 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and Duke of Zator from 1445 until his death.

He was the eldest son of Duke Casimir I of Oświęcim by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Żagań.

Toszek
Toszek [ˈtɔʂɛk] (German: Tost) is a town in southern Poland. It is situated within Gliwice County in the Silesian Voivodeship (province), and its population was estimated at 3,600 inhabitants in 2019. It is situated on the Toszecki Potok River, a tributary of Kłodnica.