hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oghuz Yabgu State
The Oghuz Yabgu State or  Oghuz ili (Old Turkic: Oghuz Land) was a Turkic state, founded by Oghuz Turks in 750, located geographically in an area between the coasts of the Caspian and Aral Seas. Oghuz tribes occupied a vast territory in Kazakhstan along the Irgiz, Yaik, Emba, and Uil rivers, the Aral Sea area, the Syr Darya valley, the foothills of the Karatau Mountains in Tien-Shan, and the Chui River valley (see map). The Oghuz political association developed in the 9th and 10th centuries in the basin of the middle and lower course of the Syr Darya and adjoining the modern western Kazakhstan steppes.

Uil
The Uil (Kazakh: Ойыл, romanized: Oyyl; Russian: Уил, romanized: Uil) is a river of Aktobe, Atyrau and West Kazakhstan regions, Kazakhstan. It is 800 kilometres (500 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 31,500 square kilometres (12,200 sq mi).
Second Gerbrandy cabinet
The Second Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Third London cabinet was the Dutch government-in-exile from 27 July 1941 until 23 February 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU), Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Liberal State Party (LSP) following the resignation of First Gerbrandy cabinet on 12 June 1941. The national unity government was the third of four war cabinets of the government-in-exile in London during World War II.

Christian Historical Union
The Christian Historical Union (Dutch: Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in September 1980.
Erhard F. Boehm
Erhard F. Boehm (1911–1994) was an Australian farmer and amateur ornithologist of German ancestry.  He was born in Eudunda, South Australia, and lived most of his life in the same area.  In the 1950s he was the South Australian representative on the RAOU Standing Committee on Conservation.  From the 1940s until his death he wrote over 150 articles on birds for the Emu, the South Australian Ornithologist, the Australian Bird Bander, Corella and other publications, including reviews on material in German.

South Australian Ornithologist
The South Australian Ornithologist is the scientific journal of the South Australian Ornithological Association (also known as Birds SA). The journal was first published in 1914 and is usually issued twice a year to members of the association.
Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act
The Respect for America's Fallen Heroes Act (Pub. L. 109–228 (text) (PDF), 120 Stat. 387, enacted May 29, 2006) is an Act of Congress that prohibits protests within 300 feet (90 m) of the entrance of any cemetery under control of the National Cemetery Administration (a division of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs) from 60 minutes before to 60 minutes after a funeral. Penalties for violating the act are up to $100,000 in fines and up to one year imprisonment.

United States National Cemetery System
The United States National Cemetery System is a system of 164 military cemeteries in the United States and its territories. The authority to create military burial places came during the American Civil War, in an act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 1862.  By the end of 1862, 12 national cemeteries had been established. Two of the nation's most iconic military cemeteries, Arlington National Cemetery which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army, and Gettysburg National Cemetery, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, were established in 1864 and 1863, respectively.
Beatrice's Goat
Beatrice's Goat is a 2001 children's story book based on the true account of Beatrice Biira, an impoverished Ugandan girl whose life is transformed by the gift of a goat from the nonprofit world hunger organization Heifer International. The picture book, written by Page McBrier and illustrated by Lori Lohstoeter, shows how the arrival of the goat sustains the family, and allows Beatrice to achieve her dream of attending school.

In an afterword, Hillary Clinton writes, "Beatrice’s Goat is a heartwarming reminder that families, wherever they live, can change their lives for the better." A portion of the proceeds from the sale of the book support Heifer International.

The book received a Christopher Award and made Tennessee's Volunteer State Book Award Master List.

The true account was covered by 60 Minutes in 2005.

Beatrice Biira graduated from Connecticut College in 2008.

Connecticut College
Connecticut College (Conn) is a private liberal arts college in New London, Connecticut. Originally chartered as Thames College but soon changed to Connecticut College for Women, it was founded in 1911 as the state's only women's college, a response to Wesleyan University having closed its doors to female students in 1909. The college became coeducational in 1969, adopting its current name.

Conn is a four-year residential undergraduate institution with approximately 1,900 students. Students choose courses from 41 programs, including interdisciplinary pathways and centers, with a majority choosing to study abroad. The college is situated on a hill located adjacent to the Thames River. In 1982, Conn was inducted as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC), where its athletes compete as part of NCAA Division III.
Wessbecher Glacier
Wessbecher Glacier (78°53′S 84°18′W﻿ / ﻿78.883°S 84.300°W﻿ / -78.883; -84.300) is a glacier about 7 nautical miles (13 km) long, draining southeast from Mount Inderbitzen and south from Mount Mullen between Peristera Peak, Lishness Peak and Stikal Peak on the main ridge of Sentinel Range on the west and Marze Peak in Petvar Heights on the east, in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.

The glacier was first mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59. It was named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Howard O. Wessbecher, a member of the winter party at McMurdo Sound, 1956, who was representative (assisting in logistical preparations) for the establishing of the South Pole Station.

Lishness Peak
Lishness Peak (78°53′S 84°45′W﻿ / ﻿78.883°S 84.750°W﻿ / -78.883; -84.750) is a peak, 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) high, in Owen Ridge near the south end of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, rising at the east side of Nimitz Glacier, 1 nautical mile (2 km) southeast of Wilson Peak and 8.8 nautical miles (16 km) northwest of Bowers Corner. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957 to 1959, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Alton R. Lishness, a radio operator on a U.S. Navy R4D exploratory flight to this area on January 28, 1958.
2013 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence
On 28 February 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal sentenced Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, the vice-president of the Jamaat-e-Islami to death for war crimes committed during the 1971 Bangladesh War of Independence. Following the sentence, activists of Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing Islami Chhatra Shibir attacked Hindus in different parts of the country. Hindu properties were looted, Hindu houses were burnt into ashes and Hindu temples were desecrated and set on fire. While the government has held the Jamaat-e-Islami responsible for the attacks on minorities, the Jamaat-e-Islami leadership has denied any involvement. Minority leaders have protested the attacks and appealed for justice. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh has directed law enforcement to start suo motu investigation into the attacks. The US Ambassador to Bangladesh expressed concern about attacks by Jamaat on the Bengali Hindu community.

Tangail District
Tangail District (Bengali: টাঙ্গাইল জেলা, romanized: Ṭāṅgāil Jēlā) is a district (zila) in the central region of Bangladesh. The establishment of the Tangail began with 3269 square kilometres of land requisitioned from Mymensingh. Earlier it was a Mahakuma of Mymensingh district.. The district consists of 237 square kilometers of the prior mahakuma and with 3,269 square kilometers of land from Mymensingh district. It is the largest district of Dhaka Division by area and second largest by population (after Dhaka district). The population of Tangail zila is about 4 million and its area is 3,414.28 square kilometres (1,318.26 sq mi). The main city of the district is Tangail. It is surrounded by Jamalpur District on the north, Dhaka and Manikganj Districts on the south, Mymensingh and Gazipur on the east, and Sirajganj on the west.
Albert Jacob (British politician)
Albert Edward Jacob (1858 – 26 February 1929) was Director of W&R Jacob's, Biscuit Manufacturer and Unionist MP for Liverpool East Toxteth. He was elected at the 1924 general election, and held the seat until his death, causing a by-election, which was won by fellow Unionist Henry Mond.

Jacob's
Jacob's is an Irish brand of biscuits and crackers primarily sold in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Jacob's is owned in the Irish market by Jacob Fruitfield Food Group, part of Valeo Foods; in the UK market by United Biscuits, part of Pladis; and in the Asian market by Mondelēz International.
A Tiempo (Gian Marco album)
A Tiempo (English: "On Time") is the sixth studio album by Peruvian singer-songwriter Gian Marco released by Sony Music Latin and Crescent Moon Records in December 2001 in Perú and April 9, 2002 for the rest of the world. It was his first album to be released Internationally.

Gian Marco earned his first 3 Latin Grammy nominations with this album.

Sony Music Latin
Sony Music Entertainment US Latin LLC (often referred to as Sony Music Latin) is an American record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music. Sony Latin was also a division of the Sony Discos label.
National Archives and Records Administration v. Favish
National Archives and Records Administration v. Favish et al., 541 U.S. 157 (2004) is a United States Supreme Court ruling about the Freedom of Information Act concerning the release of photos surrounding the suicide of Vince Foster, then Deputy White House Counsel. The court ruled unanimously that a family has the right to invoke a deceased individual's right to privacy and the unwarranted invasion of privacy exception in the Act must have evidence of improper conduct to overturn the exception.

Suicide of Vince Foster
Deputy White House counsel Vince Foster was found dead in Fort Marcy Park off the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Virginia, outside Washington, D.C., on July 20, 1993. Foster's death was ruled a suicide by five official investigations, though conspiracy theories speculating foul play emerged.
Thereianthus bracteolatus
Thereianthus bracteolatus is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Thereianthus and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape. It occurs in the Cape Peninsula, eastwards over the Hottentots Holland Mountains, Kogelberg to the coastal mountains at Bredasdorp. The plant has lost some of its habitat in the Cape Peninsula but the rest is safe in the Table Mountain National Park. Some subpopulations between Kleinmond and Bredasdorp are threatened by invasive plants.

Kogelberg
The Kogelberg is a mountain range along the  False Bay coast in the Western Cape of South Africa. Part of the Cape Fold Belt, it extends from  south of the Elgin valley to Kleinmond.

The Kogelberg area has the steepest and highest drop directly into the ocean of any southern African coastal stretch.
Vyshnegradsky method
The Vyshnegradsky method is for the chemical reduction of quinoline and ethylpyridine by boiling with tin and hydrochloric acid and also by treatment with sodium in alcoholic media.  It was developed by Russian chemist Vyshnegradsky in 1879.

While studying alkaloid structures, Vyshnegradsky obtained ethylpiperidine from ethylpyridine by this method. In 1884 Albert Ladenburg, a German chemist, applied the Vyshnegradsky method to the reduction of other pyridine homologs, and having somewhat modified the method of synthesizing bases, attributed this discovery to himself. The Vyshnegradsky method was extended further to include various classes of organic compounds. It was found that not only could heterocyclic bases of the pyridine or quinoline type be reduced, but also nitriles, oximes, amides, ketones, lactones, esters, halogen derivatives, certain aromatic compounds, and others.

Quinoline
Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.  It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odor. Aged samples, especially if exposed to light, become yellow and later brown.  Quinoline is only slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents. Quinoline itself has few applications, but many of its  derivatives are useful in diverse applications. A prominent example is quinine, an alkaloid found in plants. Over 200 biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids are identified. 4-Hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs) are involved in antibiotic resistance.
Gender inequality in Nepal
Gender inequality in Nepal refers to disparities and inequalities between men and women in Nepal, a landlocked country in South Asia. Gender inequality is defined as unequal treatment and opportunities due to perceived differences based solely on issues of gender. Gender inequality is a major barrier for human development worldwide as gender is a determinant for the basis of discrimination in various spheres such as health, education, political representation, and labor markets. Although Nepal is modernizing and gender roles are changing, the traditionally patriarchal society creates systematic barriers to gender equality.

Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.
SMS Crocodill
There were two ships in the Prussian Navy and later German Imperial Navy named SMS Crocodill:

SMS Crocodill (1860) - a Jäger-class gunboat launched in 1860

SMS Crocodill (1879) - a Wespe-class armored gunboat launched in 1879

SMS Crocodill (1860)
SMS Crocodill was a steam gunboat of the Jäger class built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The ship was ordered as part of a program to strengthen Prussia's coastal defense forces, then oriented against neighboring Denmark. She was armed with a battery of three guns. The ship saw very little activity during her career; she was commissioned only once, during the Second Schleswig War against Denmark in 1864. The ship was already in very poor condition by that time as a result of dry rot of her wooden hull. She was broken up in 1867, the first member of her class to be discarded.
Dustin Dobravsky
Dustin Dobravsky (born 21 November 1991) is a German born Canadian rugby union player who plays as a flanker  or No8 representing Canada internationally. On 9 October 2019, he was called up to the Canadian squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup as an injury replacement to Mike Sheppard.

2019 Rugby World Cup squads
The 2019 Rugby World Cup was an international rugby union tournament which was held in Japan from 20 September until 2 November 2019. Twenty national teams competed, and each brought a 31-man squad containing no regulated number of players per-position to the tournament. The tournament was administered by World Rugby, to whom each team submitted their finalised squad by 8 September 2019. A player may be replaced for medical or compassionate reasons, but would be unable to return to the squad. Any replacement player has an enforced stand-down period of 48 hours before they can take the field.

Players marked (c) were named as captain for their national squad.

The age listed for each player is on 20 September 2019, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps for each player do not include any matches played after the start of tournament.
Rogue Machine Theatre
Rogue Machine Theatre (RMT) is a Los Angeles based theatre company dedicated to the production of new plays and plays new to Los Angeles. They currently run a seven- to eight-month season at The Electric Lodge in Venice, having moved there after several years at the MET Theatre in Hollywood. The founding Artistic Director is John Perrin Flynn. Since its foundation in 2008, RMT has won multiple awards, including an Ovation Award for excellence in theatre, LA Weekly Theater Awards and Back Stage Garland Awards.  In 2008, Terry Morgan at Variety (magazine) described RMT as "one of the most ambitious and accomplished theatre companies in LA".

Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.

Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by the city of Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a  2+1⁄2-mile (4-kilometer) pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.
Camp du Récébédou
Camp du Récébédou was an internment camp for Spanish Republicans and Jews, in existence from February 1941 until September 1942, located in the municipality of Portet-sur-Garonne, south of Toulouse. Internees were transported by train via Drancy to Auschwitz, and other extermination camps.

Cimade
The Cimade is a French NGO founded at the beginning of the World War II by French Protestant student groups, in particular the Christian activist and member of the French Resistance Madeleine Barot, to give assistance and support to people uprooted by war, in the first instance those who were evacuated from the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine located on the border with Germany. Under German occupation, the Cimade continued its operations, working with refugees, many of whom were Jewish, who, having fled from Germany and other war affected European countries, were interned in Southern France. Later they were active in underground work that provided protection for Jews in France.  Today, they continue their work with uprooted people, especially undocumented immigrants in France.
Thall, Hangu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Thall, also spelled Thal or Tal (Pashto: ټل) (Urdu: ٹل), is a town in Thall Tehsil in the Hangu District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is located at the entrance of Kurram District, and close to both North Waziristan and the Khost Province of Afghanistan. Situated at 33°21'52N and 70°32'52E, it stands at an altitude of 742 metres (2437 feet).

North Waziristan District
North Waziristan District (Pashto: شمالي وزیرستان ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع شمالی وزیرستان) is a district of Bannu Division in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the northern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering 4,707 square kilometres (1,817 sq mi). The capital city of North Waziristan is Miranshah.
Falun Municipality
Falun Municipality (Swedish: Falu kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Falun. Falun is the second biggest city and provincial capital of Dalarna County. Falun was originally famous for its copper mine.

The present municipality was formed at the time of the local government reform of 1971, when the City of Falun and six surrounding rural municipalities were amalgamated.

Falun Mine
Falun Mine (Swedish: Falu Gruva) was a mine in Falun, Sweden, that operated for a millennium from the 10th century to 1992. It produced as much as two-thirds of Europe's copper needs and helped fund many of Sweden's wars in the 17th century. Technological developments at the mine had a profound influence on mining globally for two centuries. The mine is now a museum and in 2001 was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2002 San Diego City Council election
The 2002 San Diego City Council election occurred on November 5, 2002. The primary election was held on March 5, 2002. Four of the eight seats of the San Diego City Council were contested. Two incumbent council members stood for reelection after having previously been elected to partial terms.

Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, although most candidates do identify a party preference. A two-round system was used for the election, starting with a primary in June followed by a runoff in November between the top-two candidates if no candidate received a majority of the votes in the first round.

Three of the council seats filled in this election became vacant prior to the completion of the 2006 term end date. This led to three special elections to choose council members to complete these terms.

Clairemont, San Diego
Clairemont (or Clairemont Mesa) is a community in San Diego, California, United States. It has a population of about 81,600 residents and an area of roughly 13.3 square miles (34 km2). Clairemont is bordered by Interstate 805 on the east, Interstate 5 to the west, State Route 52 to the north, and the community of Linda Vista to the south. The community of Clairemont can be subdivided into the neighborhoods of North Clairemont, Clairemont Mesa East, Clairemont Mesa West, Bay Park, and Bay Ho.
Gordon Sandison (baritone)
George Sandison (3 August 1949 – 3 December 2018) was a Scottish operatic baritone known for his roles in Mozart operas, among others.

Born in Aberdeen, Sandison started his studies at the Glasgow College of Dramatic Art where he received his diploma in speech and drama. A James Caird scholarship enabled him to study music at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music; he then received a bursary to study abroad.

Sandison sang more than 30 roles for the Scottish Opera where he made his debut in 1972. He also appeared for Opera North, Kent Opera, Glyndebourne, Wexford Festival, and in several Gilbert and Sullivan roles at New Sadler's Wells Opera and on BBC television broadcasts. He made his debut at the Royal Opera House in 1984. In later years, he taught voice.

Scottish Opera
Scottish Opera is the national opera company of Scotland, and one of the five national performing arts companies of Scotland. Founded in 1962 and based in Glasgow, it is the largest performing arts organisation in Scotland.
Terribacillus goriensis
Terribacillus goriensis is a Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Terribacillus which has been isolated from sea water from Busan in Korea.

Halotolerance
Halotolerance is the adaptation of living organisms to conditions of high salinity. Halotolerant species tend to live in areas such as hypersaline lakes, coastal dunes, saline deserts, salt marshes, and inland salt seas and springs. Halophiles are also organisms that not only live in highly saline environments but also require the salinity to survive. Halotolerant organisms on the other hand (belonging to different domains of life) can grow under saline conditions, but do not require elevated concentrations of salt for growth. Halophytes are salt-tolerant higher plants. Halotolerant microorganisms are of considerable biotechnological interest.