hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Frederick Zweifel
Paul Frederick Zweifel (June 21, 1929 – February 12, 2017) was a mathematical physicist and a prominent leader in the mathematical theory of nuclear reactors and the mathematical development of linear transport theory, a discipline that encompasses neutron transport in the core of a nuclear reactor as well as the propagation of photons in radiative transfer.

In transport theory, he pioneered the use of rigorous mathematics for analytically solving the linear transport equation. He developed existence and uniqueness theorems for the neutron transport equation and investigated the spectrum of the linear transport operator under general conditions.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Usubov
Usubov or Usubova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ibrahim bey Usubov (1872–1920), Azerbaijani Major General

Ramil Usubov (born 1948), Azerbaijani politician

Nigar Usubova (1914–1995), Azerbaijani teacher

Ibrahim bey Usubov
Ibrahim bey Musa Agha oghlu Usubov  (Azerbaijani: İbrahim bəy Musa Ağa oğlu Usubov; Russian: Ибрагим-Ага Усубов; March 6, 1872 – June 16, 1920) was an Azerbaijani Major General in Russian Imperial Army and Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
Politehnica University of Bucharest
Politehnica University of Bucharest (Romanian: Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie POLITEHNICA București) is a technical university in Bucharest, Romania founded in 1818. Politehnica University is classified by the Ministry of Education as an advanced research and education university.

The university is a member of the European Association for International Education (EAIE), the European University Association (EUA), the EUA Council for Doctoral Education, the CESAER (Council of Universities of Science and Technology in Europe), and the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities (ARUT).

CESAER
CESAER is a non-profit association of universities of science and technology in Europe. CESAER was founded on 10 May 1990, seated in the Castle of Arenberg in Leuven, Belgium. The association has 57 universities of science and technology in 25 countries. The name CESAER was formed as an abbreviation for "Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research", but today only the short form CESAER is used.

The combined member institutions of the association have over 1.25 million students enrolled and employ over 107,000 academic staff. The current President until the end of 2027 is Orla Feely, president of University College Dublin.
Tamer Başar
Mustafa Tamer Başar (born January 19, 1946) is a control and game theorist who is the Swanlund Endowed Chair and Center for Advanced Study  Professor  of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. He is also the Director of the Center for Advanced Study (since 2014).

IEEE Roger W. Brockett Control Systems Award
The IEEE Roger W. Brockett Control Systems Award is a technical field award given to an individual by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "for outstanding contributions to control systems engineering, science or technology". It is an IEEE-level award, created in 1980 by the board of directors of the IEEE, but sponsored by the IEEE Control Systems Society.

Originally the name was IEEE Control Systems Science and Engineering Award, but after 1991 the IEEE changed it to IEEE Control Systems Award, and in 2025 to IEEE Roger W. Brockett Control Systems Award.

Recipients of this award receive a bronze medal, a certificate, and an honorarium.
Case's Corner Historic District
Case's Corner Historic District is a residential, civic, and rural historic district in the geographic center of Weston, Massachusetts.  The district is centered on the four-way intersection of School, Wellesley, Newton and Ash Streets in Weston, Massachusetts, and runs mainly along Wellesley Street, which runs north-south through the district between the centers of Weston and Wellesley.  The district encompasses a pastoral landscape managed by Marian Case, a horticulturalist and landscape preservationist.  One of its central features is the Case Estates, a 60-acre (24 ha) property bequested by Case to Harvard University that once served as a nursery for Boston's Arnold Arboretum.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Wellesley, Massachusetts
Wellesley (/ˈwɛlzli/) is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Wellesley is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 29,550 at the time of the 2020 census. Wellesley College, Babson College, and a campus of Massachusetts Bay Community College are located in the town.
Botev (surname)
Botev (Bulgarian: Ботев), feminine Boteva (Bulgarian: Ботева), is a Bulgarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Botev (born 1986), Azerbaijani Olympic wrestler

Gratsian Botev (1928–1981), Soviet sprint canoer

Hristo Botev (1847–1876), Bulgarian poet and revolutionary

Ivan Botev (born 1955), Bulgarian Olympic rower

Nikolay Botev (born 1963), Bulgarian Olympic bobsledder

Pavel Botev (born 1963), Bulgarian Olympic judoka

Stefan Botev (born 1968), Bulgarian weightlifter

Neli Boteva (born 1974), Bulgarian badminton player

Tania Boteva-Malo (born 1950), Bulgarian writer

Tania Boteva-Malo
Tania Boteva-Malo (Bulgarian: Таня Ботева-Мало; born June 10, 1950 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian French language writer who currently lives in Brussels.

Born into a Francophone family, she studied French literature at the Sofia University.
Carex raleighii
Carex raleighii, also known as raleighii sedge, is a sedge of the Cyperaceae family that is native to south eastern Australia in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.

C. raleighii is a loosely tufted grass-like plant with a long rhizome. It has smooth, slender and weak culms with a cylindrical to triangular cross section that are 25 to 40 cm (9.8 to 15.7 in) in length and a width of 0.3 to 0.7 mm (0.012 to 0.028 in). The leaves are usually shorter than the culms with a width of around 1 mm (0.039 in) surrounded by a brown sheath. It has erect inflorescences that is 0.5 to 1 cm (0.20 to 0.39 in) in length and is composed of one to four solitary spikes found at the nodes.

Culm (botany)
A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from the Latin word culmus, meaning "stalk". It originally referred to the stem of any type of plant.

In horticulture or agriculture, it is especially used to describe the stalk or woody stems of bamboo, cane or grain grasses.
Fishdam Ford
Fishdam Ford is a historic ford and fish trap located near Chester, Chester County, South Carolina.  The ford is believed to be of Native American origin. Adjacent to the ford is a Native American fish trap.  Fishdam Ford is not only representative of an aboriginal method of fishing that existed in this country long before the coming of the Europeans but the ford also played an important role in the Colonial history of the Carolina back country.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Chester County, South Carolina
Chester County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 32,294. Its county seat is Chester. Chester County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Korsak
Korsak (Korsack) is a surname. The word literally means a species of Central Asian fox, Corsac fox. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Korsak

Ivan Korsak

Józef Korsak

Olga Korsak

Rafajil Korsak

Vince Korsak

Sergey Korsak

Rizzoli & Isles
Rizzoli & Isles (/rɪˈzoʊli ... ˈaɪlz/ riz-OH-lee ... EYELZ; stylized in all lowercase) is  an American crime drama television series starring Angie Harmon as Jane Rizzoli and Sasha Alexander as Maura Isles. Based on the series of Rizzoli & Isles novels by Tess Gerritsen, the plot follows Boston Homicide police detective Jane Rizzoli and Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Maura Isles combining their experiences and strikingly different personalities to solve cases. It premiered on TNT on July 12, 2010 and aired 105 episodes in seven seasons, concluding on September 5, 2016.
India Vision 2020
India: Vision 2020 is a document prepared under the chairmanship of S. P. Gupta, Planning Commission.

This vision document was inspired by APJ Abdul Kalam's 1998 book India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium, which Kalam co-authored with Y. S. Rajan. This was preceded by a set of documents, "Technology Vision 2020," prepared in the mid-1990s under the Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council of India's Department of Science and Technology during the chairmanship of Kalam.

Y. S. Rajan
Yagnaswami Sundara Rajan or Y. S. Rajan (born 10 April 1943) is an Indian professor, scientist and administrator. He is Honorary Distinguished Professor in Indian Space Research Organisation. He has made major contributions to various aspects of management of science, technology and innovation. In 2012, he was awarded with Padma Shri for his contributions in science and engineering. He is one of the well known scientists who has closely worked with Abdul Kalam, former President of India.
Esk Highway
The Esk Highway (route number A4) is a highway in Tasmania, Australia.  It connects the Midland Highway, located down the centre of the state, with the Tasman Highway, which is located on the east coast of the state.

Its western end joins the Midland Highway at Conara Junction, just north of Campbell Town.  Its eastern end passes through St Marys and then deviates to a north-east direction, where it connections to the Tasman Highway.  Another road, which follows a path south-east of St Marys, joins another part of the Tasman Highway at Chain of Lagoons – although this is also marked as route A4, it is named Elephant Pass Road and is not part of the Esk Highway.

Midlands (Tasmania)
The Midlands  is a region of Tasmania between Launceston and Hobart. It also refers to the relatively flat, dry agricultural area, so named because it covers the region between the two cities. Its name is probably also influenced from the Midlands in the United Kingdom. It lends its name to the Southern Midlands Council, Northern Midlands Council, and the Midland Highway. The region is sometimes conflated or confused with the adjacent region of the Central Highlands—with the added term Tasmania's heartland.
Maigret and the Burglar's Wife
Maigret and the Burglar's Wife (French: Maigret et la Grande Perche) is a 1951 detective novel by the Belgian writer Georges Simenon featuring his character Jules Maigret. Maigret is spurred into action by a visit from a burglar's wife, former prostitute, whom he had arrested many years before. She informs him that a night previously her husband had been in the act of burgling a house when he discovered a woman’s dead body. Horrified, he had fled the scene, and then left the country - writing to his wife by letter. Maigret is inclined to investigate a wealthy  dentist, who lives with his domineering mother, and has a Dutch wife who has apparently "gone away to visit her home country” - although Maigret knows he can prove nothing unless he can find the body.

It was translated into English and released in the United Kingdom in 1956.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
MTG-S1/Sentinel-4A
MTG-S1/Sentinel-4A, officially designated Meteosat-13 upon entering operational service, is a European Meteorology and Earth Observation satellite. It is the first of two satellites in the Sentinel-4 constellation, part of the European Union's Copernicus programme on Earth observation and also one of two Meteosat Third Generation-Sounder (MTG-S) spacecraft.

Earth observation
Earth observation (EO) is the gathering of information about the physical, chemical, and biological systems of the planet Earth. It can be performed via remote-sensing technologies (Earth observation satellites) or through direct-contact sensors in ground-based or airborne platforms (such as weather stations and weather balloons, for example).

According to the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), the concept encompasses both "space-based or remotely-sensed data, as well as ground-based or in situ data". Earth observation is used to monitor and assess the status of and changes in natural and built environments.
Scatter the Rats
Scatter the Rats is the seventh studio album by American rock band L7, released on May 3, 2019, through Blackheart Records. It is the band's first album in almost 20 years, following the band's 2014 reunion. It has received positive reviews.

Blackheart Records
Blackheart Records is an American record label founded by rock musicians Joan Jett and Kenny Laguna. Artists include the Eyeliners, Girl in a Coma, the Cute Lepers, the Dollyrots, the Vacancies, Fea, Jackknife Stiletto, L7, and Joan Jett & the Blackhearts.
Moïse Jacobber
Moïse Jacobber, born Jacob Ber (6 March 1786, in Blieskastel – 17 July 1863, in Paris) was a German-born French painter who worked at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres. He specialized in painting flowers.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen (French pronunciation: [myze de boz‿aʁ də ʁwɑ̃]) is an art museum in Rouen, in Normandy in north-western France. It was established by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1801, and is housed in a building designed by Louis Sauvageot and built between 1877, and 1888. Its collections include paintings, sculptures, drawings and objets d'art.
R. H. W. Shepherd
Robert Henry Wishart Shepherd (1888–1971) was a 20th-century Scots-born minister and biblical scholar serving in South Africa firstly for the United Free Church of Scotland then for the Church of Scotland. He served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1959. He was Director of the Lovedale Mission from 1930 to 1955.

Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
The moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the minister or elder chosen to moderate (chair) the annual General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which is held for a week in Edinburgh every year. After chairing the Assembly, the Moderator then spends the following year representing the Church of Scotland at civic events, and visiting congregations and projects in Scotland and beyond.

As the Church of Scotland is Scotland's national church, and as a presbyterian church has no bishops, the Moderator is – arguably alongside the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland – the most prominent figure in the life of Church of Scotland adherents.
FC Rus Khust
FC Fetrovyk Khust is a Ukrainian amateur football club from Khust, Zakarpattia Oblast. The club used to be named as Andezyt. The club used to be one of the three clubs of this region that entered the Ukrainian competitions at the time of their establishment. The club soon thereafter was relegated.

Khust
Khust is a city located on the Khustets River in Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. It is near the сonfluence of the Tisa and Rika Rivers. It serves as the administrative center of Khust Raion. Population: 28,039 (2022 estimate).

Khust was the capital of the short-lived republic of Carpatho-Ukraine.
Bela Vista, Rio Grande do Sul
Bela Vista (meaning Beautiful View in English) is a neighborhood of the city of Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It was created by Law 2022 of December 7, 1959. Bela Vista is characterized by its apartment buildings, some of which are very sophisticated, embracing people from the upper middle class to the upper class.

Upper middle class
In sociology, the upper middle class is the social group constituted by higher status members of the middle class, in contrast to the lower middle class. The definition is debated. Max Weber controversially defined it as the group of professionals with postgraduate degrees, but most Americans and Europeans identify income as the prime determiner of class.

The American upper middle class is primarily defined by using income, occupation, and education; it consists mostly of white-collar professionals with above-average personal incomes and a higher degree of autonomy in their work. The main occupational tasks of upper-middle-class individuals tend to center on conceptualizing, consulting, and instruction.
Charles-René-Léonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry
Charles-René-Léonidas d'Irumberry de Salaberry (27 August 1820 – 25 March 1882) was a French-Canadian militia officer, founding commanding officer of Les Voltigeurs de Québec, and civil servant noted for his role in negotiating on the behalf of the Government of Canada during the Red River Rebellion of 1869–1870. His father, Charles-Michel d'Irumberry de Salaberry was a hero of the Battle of Chateauguay during the War of 1812.

He served in the 2nd Regiment of Rouville Militia and was appointed a Lieutenant Colonel of that regiment in 1852. In March 1862, with the tensions from the Trent Affair, he raised the 9th Battalion Volunteer Rifles, Quebec Voltigeurs in Quebec City. The regiment was on active service in March 1866 during the Fenian Raids.

He was the brother of Melchior-Alphonse d'Irumberry de Salaberry.

Battle of the Chateauguay
The Battle of the Chateauguay was an engagement of the War of 1812. On 26 October 1813, a combined British and Canadian force consisting of 1,530 regulars, volunteers, militia and Mohawk warriors from Lower Canada, commanded by Charles de Salaberry, repelled an American force of about 2,600 regulars which was attempting to invade Lower Canada and ultimately attack Montreal. The battle was one of the two battles (the other being the Battle of Crysler's Farm) which caused the Americans to abandon the Saint Lawrence campaign, their major strategic effort in the autumn of 1813.
Air Aces
Air Aces is a Cineflix produced series that airs on History channel in Canada. The series originally aired in the UK titled Heroes of the Skies on September 20, 2012. The series premiered in Canada as Air Aces on January 7, 2013 on History and also aired on Military Channel later in 2013. The show tells the stories of the most heroic airborne combat missions in history. The series uses real vintage aircraft and re-creates mid-air combat sequences. Featuring Spitfires, Lancaster bombers, and Phantom fighters and aerial stunt teams, the series dramatizes the exploits of the world's greatest Air Aces. The series also features interviews with the last surviving veterans and military historians and rare archival footage.

History (Canadian TV channel)
The History Channel (also known as History) is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel that primarily broadcasts programming related to history and historical fiction. It is owned by History Television, Inc., a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment.

History was launched on October 17, 1997, as History Television under the ownership of Alliance Atlantis. Through various ownership changes, the channel adopted its current name in 2012, with the History Channel branding used under a licensing agreement with A+E Networks. The History Channel operates two time-shifted feeds: East (Eastern Time) and West (Pacific Time). The West Coast feed was launched on September 1, 2006.
Destiny Herndon-De La Rosa
Destiny Herndon-De La Rosa (born August 10, 1983) is an American feminist and consistent life ethic activist. She is the founder of the organization New Wave Feminists. She is also a frequent op-ed contributor for The Dallas Morning News.

Op-ed
An op-ed is a type of written prose that expresses a strong, focused opinion on an issue of relevance to the target audience, and is commonly found in newspapers, magazines, and online publications. Typically ranging from 500 to 700 words, op-eds are distinct from articles written by the publication's editorial board and often feature the opinions of outside contributors.

Op-eds allow authors, not part of the publication's editorial team, to express opinions, perspectives, and arguments on various issues of public interest. Unlike traditional editorials, which reflect the opinion of the publication itself, op-eds offer independent voices a foundation to influence public discourse. The New York Times is widely credited with popularizing the modern op-ed format.
Basic People's Congress
Basic People's Congress is a term related to the former Libyan political system. It can refer to one of the following:

Basic People's Congress (administrative division), the geographic district

Basic People's Congress (political), the government of the district

Basic People's Congress (administrative division)
Basic People's Congress (Arabic: مؤتمر شعبي أساسي, romanized: Mu'tamar shaʿbi asāsi) was the primary administrative division in Libya under the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. It corresponded approximately to the level of a township or borough.

During Muammar Gaddafi's rule, political caucuses and committees of the Basic People's Congress operated at this level.  Representatives from the Basic People's Congresses regulated operations at the higher shabiyah (district) level.

In July 2013 the shabiyat and Basic People's Congress system was replaced with a new baladiyat system of ninety-nine first-level administrative divisions.
Bo Hanson (rower)
Boden Joseph "Bo" Hanson (born 7 August 1973 in Port Kembla, New South Wales) is a four time Australian Olympian rowing, three time Olympic medalist, specialist coaching consultant, corporate trainer and presenter. Hansen won his three bronze medals at the Atlanta (1996), Sydney (2000) and Athens (2004) Olympic games His professional career includes founding high-performance consultancy Athlete Assessments in 2007, and Team8 which presents to corporate audiences.

Australian Rowing Championships
The Australian Rowing Championships is an annual rowing event that determines Australia's national rowing champions and facilitates selection of Australian representative crews for World Championships and the Olympic Games. It is Australia's premier regatta, with states, clubs and schools sending their best crews. The Championships commence with the National Regatta - men's, women's and lightweight events in open, under 23, under 19, under 17 and school age events. Rowers at the National Regatta race in their local club colours with composite crews permitted. The Championships conclude with the Interstate Regatta - currently eight events competed by state representative crews or scullers selected by the state rowing associations. The states compete for an overall points tally which decides the Zurich Cup.