hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Initial point
In surveying, an initial point is a datum (a specific point on the surface of the earth) that marks the beginning point for a cadastral survey. The initial point establishes a local geographic coordinate system for the surveys that refer to that point.

An initial point is defined by the intersection of a principal meridian and a base line.

Geographic coordinate system
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest, and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system, geographic coordinate systems are not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.

A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location.
Treason Act 1746
The Treason Act 1746 (20 Geo. 2. c. 30) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The long title is "An Act for allowing Persons impeached of High Treason, whereby any Corruption of Blood may be made, or for Misprision of such Treason, to make their full Defence by Council."

The act commenced on 1 June 1747. It entitled anyone impeached by the House of Commons on a charge of high treason or misprision of treason to be defended by up to two "council learned in the law".

The whole act was repealed on 1 January 1968 for England and Wales by section 10(2) of, and part I of schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967. It was repealed for the rest of the United Kingdom on 18 July 1973 by section 1(1) of, and part V of schedule 1 to, the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973.

Counsel
A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of lawyer.

The word counsel can also mean advice given outside of the context of the legal profession.
Nanae Chrono
Nanae Chrono (Japanese: 黒乃 奈々絵, Hepburn: Kurono Nanae; born June 18, 1980) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known as the creator of the manga series Peacemaker Kurogane, Momo Tama, and Vassalord. He is a trans man.

Tokyopop
Tokyopop (styled TOKYOPOP; formerly known as Mixx Entertainment) is an American distributor, licensor and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, as well as original German-language manga. Tokyopop's US publishing division publishes works in English. Tokyopop has its US headquarters near Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.

It is owned by POP Media Holdings. Tokyopop's parent company's offices are in Tokyo, Japan and its sister company's office is in Hamburg, Germany.
Nevada State Route 304
State Route 304 (SR 304) is a state highway in Lander County, Nevada, United States. The road is the main street through the town of Battle Mountain, and is also designated Interstate 80 Business (I-80 Bus.). The highway was part of SR 1 and U.S. Route 40 (US 40) prior to the mid-1970s.

Battle Mountain, Nevada
Battle Mountain is an unincorporated town in and the county seat of Lander County, Nevada, United States. The population was 3,705 at the 2020 census. Its primary economic base is gold mining and, to a lesser extent, legalized gambling.

The town is located on Interstate 80 between Winnemucca and Elko.
Ephraim Dawson
Ephraim Dawson (died 27 August 1746) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Dawson was the son of William Dawson and Elizabeth Jardine. He was a successful banker, and used his wealth to purchase an estate at Portarlington, County Laois. In 1713, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Portarlington in the Irish House of Commons. He represented the seat until 1715, when he was elected to represent Queen's County; he sat for the constituency until his death in 1746.

Dawson married Anne Preston, daughter and heiress of Samuel Preston. He was succeeded by his son, William Dawson, who was created Viscount Carlow in 1776.

Portarlington (Parliament of Ireland constituency)
Portarlington was a parliamentary borough partly in King's County (in the twentieth century renamed County Offaly) but mostly in Queen's County (now County Laois). It returned two members to the Parliament of Ireland, from 1692 until the Union of Ireland and Great Britain on 1 January 1801.
J-turn
A J-turn is a driving maneuver in which a reversing vehicle is spun 180 degrees and continues, facing forward, without changing direction of travel. The J-turn is also called a "moonshiner's turn" (from the evasive driving tactics used by bootleggers), a "reverse 180", a reverse flick, a "Rockford Turn", a "Rockford Spin", or simply a "Rockford" popularized by the 1970s TV show The Rockford Files. A J-turn differs from a bootleg turn in that the vehicle begins in reverse gear. It is often performed by stunt drivers in film and television shows. It can be performed both on dry and snowy surfaces; the latter is preferable while learning the skill.

Rum-running
Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of smuggling alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. The term rum-running is more commonly applied to smuggling over water; bootlegging is applied to smuggling over land.

Smuggling circumvents alcohol taxes and outright prohibition of alcohol sales.
Pomping
Pomping is a tradition associated with homecoming at some universities in the Southern United States, such as the University of Alabama or Oklahoma State University. The term refers to the act of creating lawn decorations or floats out of pomps, or wads of colored tissue paper placed in chicken wire. It is typically associated with Greek life, and sororities may compete to win the lawn decoration contest.

Chicken wire
Chicken wire, or poultry netting, is a mesh of wire commonly used to fence in fowl, such as chickens, in a run or coop. It is made of thin, flexible, galvanized steel wire with hexagonal gaps. Available in 1⁄2 inch (about 1.3 cm), 1 inch (about 2.5 cm) diameter, and 2 inch (about 5 cm), chicken wire is available in various gauges—usually 19 gauge (about 1 mm wire) to 22 gauge (about 0.7 mm wire). Chicken wire is occasionally used to build inexpensive pens for small animals (or to protect plants and property from animals).
Stephen Arthur Jennings
Stephen Arthur Jennings (May 11, 1915 – February 2, 1979) was a mathematician who made contributions to the study of modular representation theory (Jennings 1941).  His advisor was Richard Brauer, and his student Rimhak Ree discovered two infinite series of finite simple groups known as the Ree groups.  Jennings was an editor of Mathematics Magazine and an acting president of the University of Victoria.

Canadian Journal of Mathematics
The Canadian Journal of Mathematics (French: Journal canadien de mathématiques) is a bimonthly mathematics journal published by the Canadian Mathematical Society.

It was established in 1949 by H. S. M. Coxeter and G. de B. Robinson. The current editors-in-chief of the journal are Henry Kim and Robert McCann. The journal publishes articles in all areas of mathematics.
USS Sturdy (SP-82)
The first USS Sturdy (SP-82) was a patrol boat acquired by the U.S. Navy for the task of patrolling the coastal waters of the U.S. East Coast during World War I. Her primary task was to guard the coastal area against German submarines by tending to antisubmarine nets in New York Harbor.

Sturdy (SP-82) was built in 1905 by the New York Yacht, Launch, and Engine Company, Morris Heights, New York. The motor boat was acquired by the Navy on 25 May 1917 from J. A. Nickelson of Morris Heights, and was commissioned on 25 June 1917.

During World War I, Sturdy was assigned to the 3rd Naval District and served as a net tender until placed on sale on 9 October 1919. She was struck from the Navy list on 13 January 1920 and sold on 30 March 1920.

New York Harbor
New York Harbor is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay. It is at the mouth of the Hudson River near the East River tidal estuary on the East Coast of the United States.

New York Harbor is generally synonymous with  Upper New York Bay, which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and the Hudson County, New Jersey, municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne, although in colloquial usage it can sometimes expand to cover Upper and Lower New York Bay. New York Harbor is one of the largest natural harbors in the world.
Zwack
Zwack is a Budapest, Hungary-based company that makes liqueurs and spirits. The company produces an 80 U.S. proof (40% alcohol) herbal liqueur known as Unicum from a secret blend of more than forty different herbs and spices. Unicum is known as one of the national drinks of Hungary.

The company is also a distributor of a range of international brands such as Johnnie Walker, Baileys, Smirnoff, Hennessy and Gordons. Zwack has been listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange since 1993.

Baileys Irish Cream
Baileys Irish Cream is a liqueur made of cream, cocoa and Irish whiskey emulsified together with vegetable oil. Baileys is made by Diageo at Nangor Road, in Dublin, Ireland, and in Mallusk, Northern Ireland. It is the original Irish cream, invented by a team headed by Tom Jago in 1971 for Gilbeys of Ireland; Diageo currently owns the trademark. It has a declared alcohol content of 17% by volume.
Rustam Khamdamov
Rustam Usmanovich Khamdamov (Russian: Руста́м Усма́нович Хамда́мов, born 24 May 1944 in Tashkent) is a Soviet and Russian film director and artist.  His film Anna Karamazoff (1991) was entered into the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.

1991 Cannes Film Festival
The 44th Cannes Film Festival was held from 9 to 20 May 1991. French-Polish filmmaker Roman Polanski served as jury president for the main competition.

American filmmakers Joel Coen and Ethan Coen won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the comedy film Barton Fink.

The festival opened with Homicide by David Mamet, and closed with Thelma & Louise by Ridley Scott.
Vistula Land
Vistula Land, also known as Vistula Krai (Russian: Привислинский край, romanized: Privislinskiy kray; Polish: Kraj Nadwiślański), was the name applied to the lands of Congress Poland from 1867, following the defeats of the November Uprising (1830–1831) and January Uprising (1863–1864) as it was increasingly stripped of autonomy and incorporated into Imperial Russia. It also continued to be formally known as the Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie) until the fall of the Russian Empire.[a]

Russia lost control of the region in 1915, during the course of the First World War. Following the 1917 October Revolution, it was officially ceded to the Central Powers under the terms of the 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

Płock Governorate
Płock Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire.

It was created in 1837 from the Płock Voivodship, and had the same borders and capital (Płock) as the voivodship. In 1867 territories of the Augustów Governorate and the Płock Governorate were divided into a smaller Płock Governorate, Suwałki Governorate (consisting mostly of the Augustów Governorate territories) and recreated Łomża Governorate.

The Governorate consisted of eight counties (uyezds):

Ciechanowski

Lipnowski

Mławski,

Płocki

Płoński

Przasnyski

Rypiński

Sierpecki
Ranakpur
Ranakpur is a village located in Desuri tehsil near Pali city in the Pali district  of Rajasthan in western India. The nearest Municipality is Sadri. Ranakpur is located between Jodhpur and Udaipur, 162 km from Jodhpur and 91 km from Udaipur, in a valley on the western side of the Aravalli Range. The nearest railway station to reach Ranakpur is Falna and Rani railway station. Ranakpur is easily accessed by road from Udaipur, Pali district in Rajasthan. Ranakpur is one of the most famous places to visit in Pali, Rajasthan and is widely known for its marble Jain temple, which is said to be one of the most spectacular Jain temples.

Aravalli Range
The Aravalli Range (also spelled Aravali) is a mountain range in north-western India. running approximately 670 km (420 mi) in a south-west direction, starting near Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu, Rajasthan at 1,722 m (5,650 ft). The Aravalli Range is the oldest fold-mountain belt in India, dating back to the Paleoproterozoic era.
Mackenzie Foy
Mackenzie Christine Foy (born November 10, 2000) is an American actress and model. Her breakout role was as Renesmee Cullen in the 2012 film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2, which earned her a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film. She is also known for portraying Cindy Perron in The Conjuring Universe and young Murph in Interstellar (2014), the latter earning her a Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor, among other awards nominations. She has also starred in The Nutcracker and the Four Realms (2018) and Black Beauty (2020).

Young Artist Award
The Young Artist Award (originally known as the Youth in Film Award) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Foundation, an American nonprofit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers, and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable.

First presented in 1979, the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film, television, theater, and music.

The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979, at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season.
2C-T-22
2C-T-22, also known as 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and 2C-T-x families. It is closely related to 2C-T-21 (the 4-(2-fluoroethylthio) analogue and 2C-T-21.5 (the 4-(2,2-difluoroethylthio) analogue).

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
1948 VFL grand final
The 1948 VFL grand final and grand final replay were a pair of Australian rules football games contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in October 1948. They were the 50th and 51st grand finals of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1948 VFL season.

The grand final match, attended by 86,198 spectators on 2 October 1948, ended in a draw, the first time that a VFL grand final resulted in a draw. A replay was staged on 9 October 1948, attended by 52,226 spectators, in which Melbourne easily defeated Essendon by 39 points, marking that club's sixth VFL premiership.

George Bickford
George Fountain Bickford (9 January 1927 – 28 November 2009) was an Australian rules football player. Bickford was a member of the Melbourne premiership team in 1948 and was educated at Wesley College, Melbourne.
Zhukovka, Bryansk Oblast
Zhukovka (Russian: Жуковка) is a town and the administrative center of Zhukovsky District in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Desna River (Dnieper's basin) 56 kilometers (35 mi) northwest of Bryansk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 17,828 (2021 Census); 18,269 (2010 Census); 19,731 (2002 Census); 19,706 (1989 Soviet census).

Bryansk Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (Russian: Бря́нская о́бласть, romanized: Bryanskaya oblastʹ), also known as Bryanshchina (Брянщина, IPA: [ˈbrʲænʲɕːɪnə]), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Bryansk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,169,161.
Moment to Moment (Roy Hargrove album)
Moment to Moment is a studio album by trumpeter Roy Hargrove, his only featuring string orchestra arrangements, recorded on October 4–10, 1999, and released the following year by Verve Records.

Hargrove had a long-held desire to record an album with strings, having been familiar with the string albums of singer Shirley Horn, trumpeter Clifford Brown (Clifford Brown with Strings, 1955), and vibraphonist Milt Jackson; with the right arrangers, Hargrove believed that the album could be beautiful and memorable enough to reach audiences outside of only jazz listeners.

In 2001, Hargrove was selected as a resident artist by the Montreal International Jazz Festival, and on July 7 of the same year, he performed the album with the I Musici de Montréal Chamber Orchestra.

Milt Jackson
Milton Jackson (January 1, 1923 – October 9, 1999), nicknamed "Bags", was an American jazz vibraphonist. He is especially remembered for his cool swinging solos as a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet and his penchant for collaborating with hard bop and post-bop players.

A very expressive player, Jackson differentiated himself from other vibraphonists in his attention to variations on harmonics and rhythm. He was particularly fond of the twelve-bar blues at slow tempos. On occasion, Jackson also sang and played piano.
John Beargrease Dog Sled Race
The John Beargrease Sled Dog Race is a dogsled race held along the North Shore of Lake Superior in northeast Minnesota. At 400 miles, it is the longest sled dog race in the lower 48 states. The "Beargrease" is a qualifier for the famed Iditarod race in Alaska.

The name of the race honors John Beargrease, a winter mail carrier who traveled by dog sled between Two Harbors, Minnesota and Grand Portage, Minnesota during the last two decades of the nineteenth century.

The race has been held every January since 1980, and starts from Billy's Bar in Duluth, Minnesota.

The race was rerouted in 2019, and the course was shortened by 70 miles, due to lack of snow.

In 2022 the race was won by Ryan Anderson from Cushing, Wisconsin.  It was Anderson's fourth win. Soft snow due to warm temperatures caused 13 mushers to drop out of the race before finishing.  Winning time was two days and just over 6.5 hours.

Grand Portage, Minnesota
Grand Portage is an unorganized territory in Cook County, Minnesota, United States, on Lake Superior, at the northeastern corner of the state near the border with northwestern Ontario. The population was 616 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Grand Portage and the Grand Portage Indian Reservation are both located within Grand Portage Unorganized Territory of Cook County.

The adjacent Grand Portage National Monument, designated a National Monument in 1958, lies entirely within the boundaries of the Grand Portage Ojibwe Indian Reservation. The reconstructed depot celebrates fur trade and Ojibwe ways of life. The British North West Company built its inland headquarters at Grand Portage; the post was active until 1802.

Grand Portage is home to passenger ferries that provides access from the community to Isle Royale National Park, meaning Minnesota has access to the U.S. state of Michigan.
Darren Anderson (footballer)
Darren Irwin Anderson (born 6 September 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender in the Football League. He represented England at youth level.

After a League career in which Anderson played for Charlton Athletic, Crewe Alexandra and Aldershot, he joined Conference side Slough Town, where he made 137 appearances and scored 16 goals. He left for Sutton United in September 1993.

England national under-18 football team
England national under-18 football team, also known as England under-18s or England U18(s), represents England in association football at under-18 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

The team competed in the FIFA International Youth Tournament (later taken over by UEFA) and its successor, the UEFA European Under-18 Championship, and was often referred to as England Youth. After the tournament was renamed the European Under-18 Championship, England won twice more, in 1980 and 1993. In 1997, eligibility rules changed and the competition was rebranded as the UEFA European Under-19 Championship in 2001.

Nowadays, the under-18 banner is used for participation in international friendlies. The 2017 Toulon Tournament was also composed largely of under-18 players.
Anaxidia lozogramma
Anaxidia lozogramma is a moth of the family Limacodidae found in Australia, in coastal and subcoastal areas from the Atherton tableland to Eungella in northern Queensland and from southern Queensland to Mount Keira in New South Wales.

The larvae feed on the foliage of Macadamia, Dodonaea triquetra and Camellia.

Dodonaea triquetra
Dodonaea triquetra, commonly known as large-leaf hop-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is usually a dioecious shrub with simple elliptic, sometimes lance-shaped or egg-shaped leaves, flowers in panicles on the ends of branches, each flower usually with four sepals, eight stamens, and a three-winged capsule.
Canton of Sallanches
The canton of Sallanches is an administrative division of the Haute-Savoie department, southeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Sallanches.

It consists of the following communes:

Sallanches
Sallanches (French pronunciation: [salɑ̃ʃ]; Arpitan: Salenches) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. Located close to the Mont Blanc massif, many visitors pass through the town en route to well-known alpine resorts such as Chamonix, Megève and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains. Sallanches is the centre of an urban area with about 46,000 inhabitants.
Monja Danischewsky
Monja Danischewsky (28 April 1911 – 16 October 1994) was a British producer and writer, born in Archangel into a Russian-Jewish family who left Russia for England in 1919 and who produced and wrote the films Topkapi and Rockets Galore! (1957) and others.

History of the Jews in Russia
The history of the Jews in Russia goes back to the beginnings of the Russian state. At one time, the Russian Empire hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories, the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, and they also faced periods of antisemitic discriminatory policies and persecution, including violent pogroms.

Many analysts have documented a "renaissance" in the Jewish community inside Russia since the beginning of the 21st century; however, the Russian Jewish population has experienced precipitous decline since the dissolution of the USSR which continues to this day, although it is still among the largest in Europe.