hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alpha Delta Theta (professional)
Alpha Delta Theta (ΑΔΘ) is an American professional fraternity in the field of medical technology, initially for women. It was formed in1944 by the merger of two local sororities at the University of Minnesota and Marquette University, Previously a national organization, it now operates as a local fraternity at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Professional Fraternity Association
The Professional Fraternity Association (PFA) is an American association of national, collegiate, professional fraternities and sororities that was formed in 1978. Since PFA groups are discipline-specific, members join while pursuing graduate (law, medicine, etc.) degrees as well as undergraduate (business, engineering, etc.) degrees. PFA groups seek to develop their members professionally in addition to the social development commonly associated with Panhellenic fraternities. Membership requirements of the PFA are broad enough to include groups that do not recruit new members from a single professional discipline. The PFA has welcomed service and honor fraternities as members; however, Greek letter honor societies more commonly belong to the Association of College Honor Societies.
Great Arctic Cyclone of 2012
The Great Arctic Cyclone, or "Great Arctic Cyclone of 2012", was a powerful extratropical cyclone that was centered on the Arctic Ocean in early August 2012. Cyclones of this magnitude are rare in the Arctic summer, although common in the winter. The Great Arctic Cyclone was the strongest summer storm in the Arctic and the 13th-strongest storm observed at any time in the Arctic, since satellite observations began in 1979.

Although the Great Arctic Cyclone did not cause the record melting of sea ice which occurred in 2012, turbulence from the storm is believed to have contributed to melting of sea ice, due to mechanical ice breakup and the rise of warmer saltier water from below; however the main oceanic heat source, associated with inflowing Atlantic water, remained isolated from the turbulence.

Halocline
A halocline (or salinity chemocline), from the Greek words hals (salt) and klinein (to slope), refers to a layer within a body of water (water column) where there is a sharp change in salinity (salt concentration) with depth.

Haloclines are typically found in oceans or large estuaries and it is a type of chemical stratification that is most commonly found in places where freshwater from rivers or melting ice, mixes with salty ocean water.
Autoenucleation
Autoenucleation, also known as oedipism, is the self-inflicted enucleation (removal) of the eye. It is considered a form of self-mutilation and is normally caused by psychosis, paranoid delusions or drugs. Between 1968 and 2018, there were more than 50 documented cases of "complete or partial self-enucleation in English medical journals". According to a 2012 study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, self-enucleation was previously "considered to be the result of psycho-sexual conflicts" even if psychosis is a more likely cause.

British Journal of Ophthalmology
The British Journal of Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of ophthalmology. The journal was established in 1917 by the amalgamation of the Royal London (Moorfields) Ophthalmic Hospital Reports with the Ophthalmoscope and the Ophthalmic Record. The journal was edited for several years by Stewart Duke-Elder. Currently, Jost Jonas, James Chodosh, and Keith Barton are editors-in-chief.
South African Class 16DA 4-6-2
The South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 include two locomotive types, both designated Class 16DA in spite of their difference in respect of firebox size and performance.

The first type was built by Hohenzollern Locomotive Works and Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1928 and 1929 respectively.

The Henschel-built Class 16DA locomotives of 1930, with their much wider fireboxes, their correspondingly larger grate areas and slightly larger diameter trailing wheels were sufficiently different from the Baldwin and Hohenzollern-built to justify a separate classification, such as Class 16DB, but this did not happen and the locomotives ended up being known as the Wide Firebox Class 16DA.

South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1928 (Narrow firebox)

South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1930 (Wide firebox)

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Leucocroton
Leucocroton is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1861. The entire genus is endemic to Cuba. It is a member of the Leucocroton alliance, which also includes Garciadelia and Lasiocroton. Species in this alliance are dioecious.

Species

formerly included

moved to other genera (Garciadelia and Lasiocroton)

Leucocroton leprosus - Garciadelia leprosa

Leucocroton microphyllus - Lasiocroton microphyllus

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Getting Better
"Getting Better" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. It was written mainly by Paul McCartney, with some of the lyrics written by John Lennon, and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership.

Tanpura
The tanpura (Sanskrit: तंबूरा, romanized: Taṃbūrā; also referred to as tambura, tanpuri, tamboura, or tanpoura) is a long-necked, plucked, four-stringed instrument originating in the Indian subcontinent, found in various forms in Indian music. Visually, the tanpura resembles a simplified sitar or similar lute-like instrument, and is likewise crafted out of a gourd or pumpkin.

The tanpura is not used to play a melody, but to support and sustain the performance of another musician or vocalist, as well as musicians accompanying a dance performance. The instrument's four strings are tuned to specific notes of a given scale or musical key, normally the fifth (Pa; Solfège, “So”) and the root tonic (Sa; “Do”), creating a drone effect. The strings are generally tuned 5-8-8-1. One of the three strings tuned to the tonic is thus an octave below the others, adding greater resonance and depth to the ambient drone.
Dawood Abdulmalek Yahya Al-Hidabi
Dawood Abdulmalek Yahya Al-Hidabi  (born 7 April 1955) is a Yemeni researcher. Founder and Former President of University of Science and Technology || https://ust.edu/, from 1994 to 2007. He is also the Founder and President of the International Association for Talent Development.

Sanaa University
Sana'a University (Arabic: جامعة صنعاء Jāmiʿat Ṣanʿāʾ) was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen), now the Republic of Yemen (see also Aden University). It is located in Sanaa, the capital of Yemen, and is currently organized with 17 faculties.  Previously the university was located at 15°20′53.16″N 44°11′26.83″E﻿ / ﻿15.3481000°N 44.1907861°E﻿ / 15.3481000; 44.1907861﻿ (Old University).
The university includes several accommodation buildings for staff and students and is partnered with the Kuwait University Hospital for medical students.
Bring On the Music: Live at the Capitol Theatre
Bring On the Music: Live at the Capitol Theatre is a live album by American band Gov't Mule, released on June 28, 2019, through Mascot Label Group in Europe and Evil Teen Records in the US. It was recorded on April 27 and 28, 2018, at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with its release accompanied by a concert film directed by Danny Clinch. The album was released in a variety of editions, including a standard edition with 21 tracks (referred to as Part 1), as well as a separate double CD and DVD set that includes a different set list (referred to as Part 2).

Warren Haynes
Warren Haynes (born April 6, 1960) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for his work as longtime guitarist with the Allman Brothers Band and as founding member of the jam band Gov't Mule. Early in his career he was a guitarist for David Allan Coe and The Dickey Betts Band. Haynes is also known for his associations with the surviving members of the Grateful Dead, including touring with Phil Lesh and Friends and the Dead. In addition, Haynes founded and manages Evil Teen Records.
Bradley Porteous
Bradley Porteous (born 28 July 1998) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for KwaZulu-Natal in the 2018–19 CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup on 11 October 2018. He made his List A debut for KwaZulu-Natal in the 2018–19 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 21 October 2018.

KwaZulu-Natal cricket team
KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) is the first-class cricket team that represents the province of KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) in South Africa in the CSA 4-Day Domestic Series (previously the Currie Cup). KwaZulu-Natal is the only team that did not merge with another during the 2004 restructuring, but were rebranded as the Dolphins. However, the KwaZulu-Natal Inland cricket team was granted first-class status in 2006, and began competing in the CSA Provincial Competitions in 2006-2007, and were also represented by the Dolphins franchise. The team was originally called Natal and began playing in December 1889 at the start of first-class cricket in South Africa. The team joined the Currie Cup in 1893–94. The name changed in April 1998.
2017 Irish Greyhound Derby
The 2017 Boylesports Irish Greyhound Derby took place during August and September with the final being held on 23 September at Shelbourne Park.

The prize money on offer was €240,000 of which €150,000 went to the winner Good News, trained by Patrick Guilfoyle, owned by Sandra Guilfoyle and Mary Kennedy and bred by John Kennedy. The competition was sponsored by Boylesports.

BoyleSports
BOYLE Sports is an Irish gambling company founded in 1982. Its product offering includes sports betting, online casino, online poker, and online bingo. Business operations are led from its headquarters in Dundalk, and a satellite office in Gibraltar. As of 2025, it has over 380 retail branches throughout Ireland and the UK.
Dry Rigg Quarry
Dry Rigg Quarry is a quarry at Helwith Bridge in North Yorkshire, England, located within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The quarry produces a hard-wearing gritstone (also known as greywacke) which is listed as being nationally important for road building, and is one of four in the Yorkshire Dales National Park that produces this type of aggregate. The quarry operations have come under public scrutiny due to the amount of road traffic, leading to some of the output from Dry Rigg being moved from the adjacent railhead at Arcow Quarry. The quarry is situated in Upper Ribblesdale some 1.9 miles (3 km) south of Horton-in-Ribblesdale, and 5 miles (8 km) north of Settle.

Yorkshire Dales National Park
The Yorkshire Dales National Park is a 2,178 km2 (841 sq mi) national park in England which covers most of the Yorkshire Dales, the Howgill Fells, and the Orton Fells. The Nidderdale area of the Yorkshire Dales is not within the national park, and has instead been designated a national landscape. Most of the park is within North Yorkshire, with a sizeable area in Cumbria and a small part in Lancashire. The park was designated in 1954, and extended in 2016. More than 95% of the land in the park is privately owned; there are over 1,000 farms in this area.

In 2020, the national park was named an International Dark Sky Reserve. This means that the area has "low levels of light pollution with good conditions for astronomy".

As of 2017, some 23,500 residents live within the park boundary; a 2018 report estimated that the park attracted more than four million visitors per year. The economy consists primarily of tourism and agriculture.
Ibrahim Kodra Foundation
The Ibrahim Kodra Foundation, officially the Ibrahim Kodra Swiss Foundation (Italian: Fondazione Svizzera Ibrahim Kodra), is a Swiss art Foundation to protect, archive and promote an artist Ibrahim Kodra, but is also a charitable organization headquartered in Paradiso in the Canton of Ticino. Its purpose is to foster the growth of cultural relations between Switzerland, the Canton of Ticino and other countries of the world though artistic, educational, and humanitarian activity.

Paradiso, Ticino
Paradiso is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It lies on the shore of Lake Lugano and, although administratively independent of the city of Lugano, it is surrounded on all other sides by that city.
Bruce Jensen
Bruce Jensen (born 1962 in Indianapolis, Indiana) is a US illustrator who has created book covers for science fiction authors such as Kim Stanley Robinson, Neal Stephenson, Charles Sheffield, Joe Haldeman, Linda Nagata, Kelley Eskridge, and Philip K. Dick. His covers were described by Nagata as "deftly illustrat[ing] the mood, the feeling of the book". He also drew the unfinished Neuromancer graphic novel in 1989. He won the 1995 Jack Gaughan Award for Best Emerging Artist.

Neal Stephenson
Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer known for his works of speculative fiction. His novels have been categorized as science fiction, historical fiction, cyberpunk, and baroque.

Stephenson's work explores mathematics, cryptography, linguistics, philosophy, currency, and the history of science. He also writes nonfiction articles about technology in publications such as Wired. He has written novels with his uncle, George Jewsbury ("J. Frederick George"), under the collective pseudonym Stephen Bury.

Stephenson has worked part-time as an advisor for Blue Origin, a company (founded by Jeff Bezos) developing a spacecraft and a space launch system, and also co-founded the Subutai Corporation, whose first offering is the interactive fiction project The Mongoliad. He was Magic Leap's chief futurist from 2014 to 2020.
Defense Companies (Syria)
The Companies for the Defense of the Revolution (Arabic: سرايا الدفاع عن الثورة; Sarāyā ad-Difāʿʿan al-thawra), commonly referred to as Defense Companies, Defense Corps or Defense Brigades (Arabic: سرايا الدفاع; Sarāyā ad-Difāʿ) and informally called "Rifaat's boys", were a Syrian all-Alawite paramilitary force commanded by Rifaat al-Assad. Their task was to safeguard and defend the government of Hafez al-Assad, and the capital Damascus, from internal and external attack.

In 1984, the 55,000 strong (according to other sources, 60,000-70,000 strong) Defense Companies was dismantled and merged into the Syrian Arab Armed Forces expanding the Republican Guard, and the 14th Special Forces Division comprising 5 Special Forces regiments. The rump force then became the 569th Armored Division which later became the 4th Armoured Division.

T-72
The T-72 is a family of Soviet main battle tanks that entered production in 1973. The T-72 was a development based on the T-64 using thought and design of the previous Object 167M. About 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and refurbishment has enabled many to remain in service for decades. It has been widely exported and has seen service in 40 countries and in numerous conflicts. The Russian T-90 introduced in 1992 and the Chinese Type 99 are further developments of the T-72. Production and development of various modernized T-72 models continues today.
Williams Valley Railroad
The Williams Valley Railroad was an anthracite-hauling railroad that operated in Schuylkill and Dauphin Counties, Pennsylvania from 1892 to 1971. For most of that time, it was a subsidiary of the Reading Railroad. It extended the Reading's Brookside Branch at Brookside 11 miles (18 km) down the Williams Valley to Lykens.

Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The county seat is Pottsville. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county is part of the Pottsville micropolitan statistical area, and borders eight  counties: Berks and Lebanon counties to its south, Dauphin and Northumberland counties to its west, Columbia and Luzerne counties to its north, and Carbon and Lehigh counties to its east. The county is approximately 47 miles (76 km) west of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.

The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and Northampton counties and named for the Schuylkill River, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties.
Church of St Thomas of Canterbury, Cothelstone
The romanesque red sandstone Church of St Thomas of Canterbury in Cothelstone, Somerset, England dates from the 12th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

It was largely restored in 1864.  It includes memorials to the Stawell family including: Sir Matthew de Stawell, died 1379, and his wife Elizabeth, and John Stawell, died 1603, and has been supported by the Esdailes family who have been more recent lords of the manor.

The church is closely associated with Cothelstone Manor which is also a listed building. Services are held each week using the 1662 Book of Common Prayer.

The parish is part of the benefice of Bishop's Lydeard with Lydeard Saint Lawrence, Bagborough, Combe Florey and Cothelstone within the archdeaconry of Taunton.

Bishops Lydeard
Bishops Lydeard (/ˈlɪdiərd/) is a village and civil parish located in Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) north-west of Taunton. The civil parish encompasses the hamlets of East Lydeard and Terhill, and had a population of 2,839 persons as recorded in the 2011 census; this figure, however, includes the village (and now separate parish) of Cotford St Luke.

The village has been bypassed, since 1967, by the A358 road; the West Somerset Railway also runs through the area. The hamlet of East Lydeard is less than a mile to the east of the village; Terhill is about two miles north, while west of the village is Sandhill Park, an eighteenth-century country house.
Central Army (Japan)
The Central Army  or Middle Army (中部方面隊, Chūbuhōmen-tai) is one of five active Armies of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.  It is headquartered in Itami, Hyōgo. Its responsibility is the defense of Chūgoku, Kansai, Shikoku and the Southern half of the Chūbu region.

Shikoku
Shikoku (四国, Shikoku; pronounced [ɕi̥ꜜ.ko.kɯ, ɕi̥.koꜜ.kɯ] ⓘ, lit. 'four provinces') is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is 225 kilometres (140 miles) long and between 50 and 150 kilometres (30 and 95 miles) wide. It has a population of 3.8 million, the least populated of Japan's four main islands. It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include Iyo-no-futana-shima (伊予之二名島), Iyo-shima (伊予島), and Futana-shima (二名島), and its current name refers to the four former provinces that make up the island: Awa, Tosa, Sanuki, and Iyo.
Michael Brady (politician)
Michael Daniels Brady (born May 5, 1962) is an American politician from Brockton, Massachusetts, who serves as the state legislator in the Massachusetts Senate representing the Second Plymouth & Norfolk District, which covers Brockton, East Bridgewater, Halifax, Hanson and Whitman in the county of Plymouth; portions of Randolph (Precincts 1, 2, 3, 7, 8) and Avon in the county of Norfolk. He is a Brockton resident and a member of the Democratic Party.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
MIT Sloan Management Review
MIT Sloan Management Review (MIT SMR) is a magazine and multiplatform publisher. It features research-based articles on strategic leadership, digital innovation, and sustainable business. It aims to give readers practical, of-the-moment guidance for leading in an ever-shifting world. MIT SMR publishes in print quarterly and online daily. It creates content across various media, including web, app, podcast, live and recorded video, and via distributors and libraries worldwide.

MIT Sloan Management Review has published articles by Nancy Baym, Clayton Christensen, Thomas H. Davenport, Nancy Duarte, Amy Edmondson, Nicolai J. Foss, Vijay Govindarajan, Lynda Gratton, Gary Hamel, Linda Hill, Peter G. Klein, Mary Lacity, Benjamin Laker, Rita Gunther McGrath, Pamela Meyer, C.K. Prahalad, and Thomas J. Roulet.

Nancy Duarte
Nancy Duarte is an American writer, speaker, and CEO. Duarte is the author of several books, including Slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations (2008), Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences (2010), the HBR Guide to Persuasive Presentations (2012), and Illuminate: Ignite Change Through Speeches, Stories, Ceremonies and Symbols (2016). She is the CEO of Duarte, Inc.
National Congress Battalions
The National Congress Battalions (Italian: Battaglioni del Congresso Nazionale, Maltese: Battaljuni tal-Kungress Nazzjonali), also known as the Truppe di Campagna, was an irregular military set up in Malta just after the Maltese rebellion against French rule in September 1798. It existed for two years before being disbanded on 11 September 1800.

The battalions were also referred to as the Maltese Army or the Maltese insurgents. See also the list of casal battalion leaders.

Irregular military
Irregular military is any military component distinct from a country's regular armed forces, representing non-standard militant elements outside of conventional governmental backing. Irregular elements can consist of militias, private armies, mercenaries, or other non-state actors, though no single definition exists beyond exclusion from national service.  Without standard military unit organization, various more general names are often used; such organizations may be called a troop, group, unit, column, band, or force. Irregulars are soldiers or warriors that are members of these organizations, or are members of special military units that employ irregular military tactics.  This also applies to irregular infantry and irregular cavalry units.

Irregular warfare is warfare employing the tactics commonly used by irregular military organizations. This often overlaps with asymmetrical warfare, avoiding large-scale combat and focusing on small, stealthy, hit-and-run engagements.