hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convergent Technologies Operating System
The Convergent Technologies Operating System, also known variously as CTOS, BTOS and STARSYS, is a discontinued modular, message-passing, multiprocess-based operating system. It was sold by Convergent Technologies, and from 1988, when they acquired Convergent, by Unisys.

Intel 8086
The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip released by Intel on June 8, 1978 after development began in early 1976. It was followed by the Intel 8088 in 1979, which was a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs).

The 8086 gave rise to the x86 architecture, which eventually became Intel's most successful line of processors. On June 5, 2018, Intel released a limited-edition CPU celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Intel 8086, called the Intel Core i7-8086K.
Araeosoma alternatum
Araeosoma alternatum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. alternatum was first scientifically described in 1934 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen, a Danish zoologist.

Echinothuriidae
The Echinothuriidae are a family of sea urchins in the order Echinothurioida. These echinoderms are typical of the Indo-Pacific these softer-bodied "leather urchins" are found from abyssal to shallow littoral zones in the ocean. While common in the Indo-Pacific these colourful urchins can be found across the world. Some individuals within Echinothuriidae such as species in the genus Asthenosoma are also known as "fire urchins" due to their bright colours and painful, venomous sting.
Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area
Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area that encompasses the entire U.S. state of Tennessee. The heritage area concentrates on eight major corridors: the Mississippi River, Cumberland River, Tennessee River, Louisville and Nashville Railroad, Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, East Tennessee Georgia and Virginia Railroad, Memphis and Charleston Railroad and the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad corridors.

The Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area was designated in 1996. It is managed by the Middle Tennessee State University Center for Historic Preservation.

Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway
The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (reporting mark NC&StL) was a railway company that operated in the U.S. states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia. It began as the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, chartered in Nashville on December 11, 1845, built to 5 ft (1,524 mm) gauge and was the first railway to operate in the state of Tennessee.
By the turn of the twentieth century, the NC&StL grew into one of the most important railway systems in the southern United States.: iii, Dedication
West Central Conference (Illinois)
The West Central Conference  is a high school conference in western central Illinois. The conference participates in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference comprises 11 small public high schools and 1 private high school with enrollments between 120-590 students in Adams, Hancock, McDonough, Pike, and Warren counties.

Athletic conference
An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams which play competitively against each other in a sports league. In many cases conferences are subdivided into smaller divisions, with the best teams competing at successively higher levels. Conferences often, but not always, include teams from a common geographic region.
2020–21 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team
The 2020–21 Texas Southern Tigers basketball team represented Texas Southern University during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers were led by third-year head coach Johnny Jones and played their home games at the Health and Physical Education Arena in Houston, Texas, as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). They finished the season 17-9, 11-3 in SWAC Play to finish in 3rd place. They defeated Alcorn State, Jackson State, and Prairie View A&M to be champions of the SWAC tournament. They received the conference’s automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they defeated Mount St Mary’s in the First Four before losing in the first round to Michigan.

2020–21 Alcorn State Braves basketball team
The 2020–21 Alcorn State Braves basketball team represented Alcorn State University in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Braves, led by first-year head coach Landon Bussie, played their home games at the Davey Whitney Complex in Lorman, Mississippi as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Wu Can (Spring and Autumn period)
Wu Can (伍參, fl. 7th century BC) was an official of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn period. He is the great-grandfather of Wu Zixu. He is most notable for his participation in the Battle of Bi, where he intervened in favour of battle when King Zhuang of Chu was hesitant about facing the powerful army of Jin.

Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).

During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. The periodization dates to the late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – 9 CE).
Graham Lake (Maine)
Graham Lake in Hancock County, Maine is a eutrophic reservoir formed by the construction of a hydro-electric power dam in 1922 four miles (6 km) upstream from Ellsworth, Maine.  The first dam was a hastily built earthen dam built by the Bangor Hydro Electric Company.  It failed in 1923, flooding downtown Ellsworth and doing almost $8 million in property damage.  The dam was rebuilt and operated by Bangor Hydro until its sale in 1999.  The dam has since been acquired by PPL Corporation, which continues to use it to generate electricity.

Water clarity in the lake is low, with secchi disk measurements averaging less than 3 meters.  Fish in the lake that are of interest to anglers include smallmouth bass, white perch, chain pickerel, landlocked salmon, and brook trout.

Smallmouth bass
The smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) of the order Centrarchiformes. It is the type species of its genus Micropterus (black basses), and is a popular game fish sought by anglers throughout the temperate zones of North America, and has been spread by stocking —as well as illegal introductions—to many cool-water tributaries and lakes in Canada and more so introduced in the United States. The maximum recorded size is approximately 27 inches (69 cm) and 12 pounds (5.4 kg).

The smallmouth bass is native to the upper and middle Mississippi River basin, the Saint Lawrence River–Great Lakes system, the Champlain Valley, and the Hudson Bay basin. Its common names include smallmouth, bronzeback, brown bass, brownie, smallie, bronze bass, and bareback bass.
Lorenzo Beard
Lorenzo Beard (1914 – 1975), also called Horse Chief, was a Cheyenne-Arapaho American painter whose subjects included buffalo and ceremonial figures. His work has been exhibited across the world, including at the National Gallery of Art and as part of the University of Oklahoma's European Tours in the 1950s. Beard's artwork has been in the permanent collections of institutions including the University of Oklahoma Museum of Art and the Southwest Museum of the American Indian.

Beard attended the Concho Indian Boarding School as a child and graduated from the Santa Fe Indian School. He often painted in the flat Studio style typical of Santa Fe's students. Scholar Oliver La Farge described Beard's painting "Women's Buffalo Dance" as having an "interestingly primitive and strongly symbolic quality."

Arapaho
The Arapaho (/əˈræpəhoʊ/ ə-RAP-ə-hoh; French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized as the Northern Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes.
Shu Ting
Shu Ting (Chinese: 舒婷; pinyin: Shū Tíng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Su-têng; born 1952 in Jinjiang, Fujian) is the pen name of Gong Peiyu (simplified Chinese: 龚佩瑜; traditional Chinese: 龔佩瑜; pinyin: Gōng Pèiyú; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kéng Pōe-jû), a modern Chinese poet associated with the Misty Poets. She began writing poetry in the 1970's and later had her works published.

Jinjiang, Quanzhou
Jinjiang City (Chinese: 晋江市; pinyin: Jìnjiāng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chìn-kang) is a county-level city under Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province (Minnan), on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze and Licheng. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of 721.7 square kilometres (278.6 sq mi) and a population of 2,061,551 as of 2020.

Jinjiang has the only extant Manichean temple in China (Cao'an temple) and is near the eastern end of the world's longest estimated straight-line (great circle) path over land, at 11,241 km (6,985 mi), ending near Sagres, Portugal.
Glen Gondo
Glen Yoshiaki Gondo (1948 – July 1, 2024) was an American businessman, restaurateur, and cultural advocate. Gondo, whose parents opened the first Japanese restaurant and sushi bar in Houston, Texas, is credited with popularizing Japanese cuisine and culture in the city. In 1993, Gondo founded the Japan Festival of Houston, a free annual event which showcases Japanese culture. The Japan Festival is now one of the largest Japanese cultural festivals in the United States.

Gondo transitioned to catering in the 1990s. His family-owned company, Tokyo Gardens Catering, supplies Sushiya brand sushi to H-E-B, a supermarket and now operates sushi kiosks in more than 290 supermarkets across Texas.

Restaurateur
A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, it traditionally refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.
Wazalendo
The Wazalendo (Swahili; lit. 'patriots' or 'nationalists') is a Congolese rebel coalition and irregular force based in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is made up of rebel groups allied with the official Congolese military (FARDC) and opposed to the M23 rebel group. It consists of the Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS), Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated (NDC-R), the Collective of Movements for Change (CMC), Patriotic Self-Defense Movement (MPA), and different Nyatura groups.

Nyatura
The Nyatura (Kinyarwanda for “those who hit hard”), also known as Mai-Mai Nyatura, and officially called the Collective of Movements for Change, are a group of Congolese Hutu militias that operate in the Kivu region of the Congo.
Rubroboletus
Rubroboletus is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Chinese mycologists in 2014 with Rubroboletus sinicus as the type species. Species are characterized by having a reddish cap surface, yellow tubes on the underside of the cap, and an orange-red to blood-red pore surface. Pinkish to red spots (reticula) are present on the stipe surface, and a bluish color change occurs when the bolete flesh is injured. Rubroboletus mushrooms have an olive-brown spore print, and produce smooth spores. Eight species were included in the original circumscription (seven new combinations and one new species); five were added in 2015, and another in 2017.

Several species in this genus are poisonous or of completely unknown edibility. Although R. sinicus is sporadically sold in markets in Yunnan, China, it is suspected of being poisonous; further studies are need.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
2009 New Democracy leadership election
The 2009 New Democracy leadership election was held on 29 November 2009, following the official announcement of the resignation of Kostas Karamanlis, after more than 12 years (since 21 March 1997) as leader of New Democracy, the main centre-right political party and one of the two major parties in Greece (at that time, the other of the two major parties was PASOK, the social democratic and center-left political party).

Karamanlis announced that he would start procedures for the election of a new president on 4 October 2009, after the defeat of majority party New Democracy in the 2009 Greek legislative election, which was held on the same day. Antonis Samaras succeeded Karamanlis as the party's leader having won 50.06 percent of the votes at first round: for this reason, no second round was required and Samaras took office on 30 November 2009 as ND party President and Leader of Opposition (against PASOK and George Papandreou's cabinet).

Leader of the Official Opposition (Greece)
The Leader of the Official Opposition (Greek: Αρχηγός της Αξιωματικής Αντιπολίτευσης) is the politician who leads the biggest opposition party in Greece.

Today Leader of the Official Opposition is the President of the parliamentary group of PASOK – Movement for Change, Nikos Androulakis.
Onihei Hankachō (1989 TV series)
Onihei Hankachō  (鬼平犯科帳) is a Japanese television jidaigeki or period drama that was broadcast from 1989 to 2016. It is based on Shōtarō Ikenami's novel of the same title. Kichiemon Nakamura plays Heizō Hasegawa. Kichiemon Nakamura`s father Matsumoto Kōshirō VIII also played same role in 1969. In 1995 the drama made into a movie.(Onihei's Detective Records directed by Yoshiki Onoda.)

Matsumoto Hakuō I
Matsumoto Hakuō I (初代 松本 白鸚, Shodai Matsumoto Hakuō; 7 July 1910 – 11 January 1982), born Junjirō Fujima (藤間 順次郎, Fujima Junjirō), was a Japanese kabuki actor, regarded as the leading tachiyaku (specialist in male roles) of the postwar decades; he also performed in a number of non-kabuki venues, including Western theatre and films. Taking the name Hakuō upon retirement, he was known as Matsumoto Kōshirō VIII for much of his career.
Stephen Blumberg
Stephen Carrie Blumberg (born 1948 in Saint Paul, Minnesota) is best known as a bibliomane who lived in Ottumwa, Iowa.  After being arrested for stealing more than 23,600 books worth US$5.3 million in 1990 (equivalent to about $13M in 2024), he became known as the Book Bandit and was recognized as the most successful book thief in the history of the United States.

Ottumwa, Iowa
Ottumwa (/əˈtʌmwə/ ə-TUM-wə) is a city in and the county seat of Wapello County, Iowa, United States. The population was 25,529 at the time of the 2020 U.S. census. Located in the state's southeastern section, the city is split into northern and southern halves by the Des Moines River.

The original town was founded on the former camps of Meskwaki Chiefs Wapello and Appanoose. Ottumwa first developed as an industrious city economically based in farm-equipment manufacturing and meatpacking, those being John Deere and John Morrell & Co. (now JBS) respectively. The city is also home to Indian Hills Community College to provide for higher education. Ottumwa is the center of the Ottumwa Micropolitan Area which includes all of Wapello and Davis counties.
Ma Tovu
Ma Tovu (Biblical Hebrew: מַה טֹּבוּ, lit. 'How lovely') is a prayer recited by religious Jews expressing reverence upon entering synagogues and other places of worship in Judaism.

The prayer begins with Numbers 24:5, which records Balaam, sent to curse the Israelites, as instead being overcome with awe at God and the Israelites' worship. Its first line is a quote of Balaam's blessing and is thus the only prayer commonly used in Jewish prayer services that was written by a non-Jew. The remainder of the text is derived from passages in Psalms relating to entering the house of worship and preparation for further prayer. In this vein is the prayer recited by Jews upon entering the synagogue; in the Western Ashkenazic rite, it is usually sung before beginning Maariv on Jewish holidays, especially on the second night of yamim tovim (lit. 'good days').

Nusach Ashkenaz
Nusach Ashkenaz is a style of Jewish liturgy conducted by Ashkenazi Jews. It is primarily a way to order and include prayers, and differs from Nusach Sefard (as used by the Hasidim) and Baladi-rite prayer, and still more from the Sephardic rite proper, in the placement and presence of certain prayers.
WAZS (AM)
WAZS (980 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Summerville, South Carolina, United States, serving the Charleston area. The station is currently owned by Norberto Sánchez through licensee Norsan Communications and Management, Inc., and broadcasts a Regional Mexican format known as La Raza 103.9 named for the frequency of its translator station W280EX.

Summerville, South Carolina
Summerville is a town in the U.S. state of South Carolina situated mostly in Dorchester County, with small portions in Berkeley and Charleston counties. It lies approximately five miles from the Ashley River. The population was 50,915 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in South Carolina. It is part of the Charleston metropolitan area.
ESCAPPM
ESCAPPM or ESCHAAPPM is a mnemonic for the organisms with inducible beta-lactamase activity that is chromosomally mediated.

E: Enterobacter spp.

S: Serratia spp.

C: Citrobacter freundii

H: Hafnia spp.

A: Acinetobacter spp.

A: Aeromonas spp.

P: Proteus spp. (excluding P. mirabilis)

P: Providencia spp.

M: Morganella morganii

In vitro sensitivities are not applicable in vivo.

In general, treatment with cephalosporins results in induction of AmpC beta-lactamase. Treatment with an aminoglycoside or carbapenem is usually indicated. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. They have a structure that renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Examples of carbapenems include meropenem and imipenem.

Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases (β-lactamases)  are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by breaking the antibiotics' structure. These antibiotics all have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring. Through hydrolysis, the enzyme lactamase breaks the β-lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties.

Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment.
History of Italian Americans in Philadelphia
Philadelphia has a significant Italian American population. In 2022, the American Community Survey estimated that in the Philadelphia metropolitan region 287,703 residents were of entirely Italian ancestry and 839,275 had some Italian ancestry.

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Direct product
In mathematics, a direct product of objects already known can often be defined by giving a new one. That induces a structure on the Cartesian product of the underlying sets from that of the contributing objects. The categorical product is an abstraction of these notions in the setting of category theory.

Examples are the product of sets, groups (described below), rings, and other algebraic structures. The product of topological spaces is another instance.

The direct sum is a related operation that agrees with the direct product in some but not all cases.

Semidirect product
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the concept of a semidirect product is a generalization of a direct product. It is usually denoted with the symbol ⋉. There are two closely related concepts of semidirect product:

an inner semidirect product is a particular way in which a group can be made up of two subgroups, one of which is a normal subgroup.

an outer semidirect product is a way to construct a new group from two given groups by using the Cartesian product as a set and a particular multiplication operation.

As with direct products, there is a natural equivalence between inner and outer semidirect products, and both are commonly referred to simply as semidirect products.

For finite groups, the Schur–Zassenhaus theorem provides a sufficient condition for the existence of a decomposition as a semidirect product (also known as  splitting extension).
Lena Stigrot
Lena Stigrot (born 21 December 1994) is a German volleyball player, playing as an outside-spiker. She is part of the Germany women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix, and at the 2015 European Games, 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. and 2019 Montreux Volley Masters.
On club level she plays for Raben Vilsbiburg.

2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix was the 23rd edition of the annual women's international volleyball tournament played by 28 countries from 26 June to 2 August 2015. This was the first time that the Group 1 final round was held in Omaha, Nebraska, United States.