hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holometabolism
Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and imago (or adult). Holometabolism is a synapomorphic trait of all insects in the clade Holometabola. Immature stages of holometabolous insects are very different from the mature stage. In some species, a holometabolous life cycle minimizes competition between larvae and adults by separating their ecological niches. The morphology and behavior of each stage are adapted for different activities. For example, larval traits maximize feeding, growth, and development, while adult traits enable dispersal, mating, and egg laying. Some species of holometabolous insects protect and feed their offspring. Other insect developmental strategies include ametabolism and hemimetabolism.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 8.9. PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, PNAS has been described by US local newspapers as "prestigious", "renowned" and "high impact".

PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
PL-6983
PL-6983 is a synthetic peptide and selective MC4 receptor agonist which is under development by Palatin Technologies for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. It was developed as a successor to/replacement of bremelanotide (PT-141) due to concerns of the side effect of increased blood pressure seen with the latter in clinical trials. Relative to bremelanotide, PL-6983 produces significantly lower increases in blood pressure in animal models. The drug has reportedly been in pre-clinical development for all medical indications since 2008. Palatin has stated that "We are focusing development efforts on bremelanotide for [female sexual dysfunction], but are continuing evaluation of PL-6983." The chemical structure of PL-6983 has yet to be made public.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Ron Stollings
Ronny Douglas Stollings (born April 24, 1955) is a Democratic member of the West Virginia Senate, who represented the 7th district from 2006 to 2022. The 7th District is based in Southern West Virginia, covering all of Boone, Lincoln, and Logan Counties and parts of Mingo and Wayne Counties. Stollings' success in the district is notable, considering Donald Trump won the district by a 78%-19% margin in 2016, which was Trump’s best performance in any of the state’s 17 Senate districts.

Wayne County, West Virginia
Wayne County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,982. Its county seat is Wayne. The county was founded in 1842 and named for General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. Wayne County is part of the Huntington–Ashland, WV–KY–OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Apostolakis
Apostolakis (Greek: Αποστολάκης) (feminine Apostolaki (Greek: Αποστολάκη)) is a Greek surname. Notable people include:

Alexia Apostolakis (born 2006), Australian soccer player

Anna Apostolaki, Greek archaeologist

Evangelos Apostolakis, Greek military officer

George E. Apostolakis, American engineer

Giannis Apostolakis, Greek footballer

Konstantinos Apostolakis, Greek footballer

Milena Apostolaki, Greek politician

Stratos Apostolakis, Greek footballer

Evangelos Apostolakis
Admiral Evangelos Apostolakis (Greek: Ευάγγελος Αποστολάκης) is a Greek naval officer. After leading the Hellenic Navy General Staff in 2013–2015, he served as the Chief of the Hellenic National Defence General Staff until 14 January 2019, and then, until 9 July 2019, as the Minister of National Defence of Greece.

He was elected to the Greek Parliament on the nationwide list for Syriza both in May and June 2023 Greek legislative elections. On 28 November 2024 he left the party and became independent.
Mokats Mirza
Mokats Mirza is a medieval Armenian folk song, sometimes considered as a ballad. The song originates from Moxoene. Four versions of the song have survived, all of them in the Mokats dialect.  The song gained popularity in the Armenian Highlands, after it was recorded by Komitas.

The content of the song is the following. Supposedly, the Kurdish Kolot Pasha invites the ishkhan Mokats Mirza to Zezire. Kolot Pasha poisons Mokats Mirza in order to marry his wife. Afterwards Mokats Mirza was buried in Malakava.

Moxoene
Moxoene or Mokk' (Armenian: Մոկք, romanized: Mokkʿ) was a territory of Kingdom of Armenia and later Sasanian Armenia, located east of Arzanene from south of Lake Van to north of Bohtan river. The territory was ruled by a local dynasty.
Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's horizontal bar
The men's horizontal bar competition was one of eight events for male competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 23 at the Olympic Indoor Hall. There were 79 competitors from 29 nations, with nations competing in the team event having up to 5 gymnasts and other nations having up to 2 gymnasts. The event was won by Igor Cassina of Italy, the nation's first victory in the horizontal bar and first medal of any color in the event since 1928. Paul Hamm took silver, the United States' first horizontal bar medal since 1992. Bronze went to Isao Yoneda of Japan, the once-dominant nation's first medal in the event since 1984 (the last of Japan's six gold medals in an eight-Games stretch).

Paul Hamm
Paul Elbert Hamm (born September 24, 1982) is a retired American artistic gymnast and member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team. He is the 2004 Olympic all-around champion, a three-time Olympic medalist, and the 2003 World all-around champion. Hamm is the most decorated U.S. male gymnast in history, one of only two American gymnasts (along with Simone Biles) to win the all-around title at both the Olympics and the World Championships, and the only male American gymnast to do so.
Curley Fletcher
Carmen William "Curley" Fletcher (1892—1954), also known as Curley W. Fletcher and Curley Fletcher, was an American composer of cowboy songs and cowboy poetry. A prolific creator of this material, he is best remembered for the classic cowboy song "The Strawberry Roan", written in 1915, and for his 1931 book Songs of the Sage.

Western music (North America)
Western music, also known as country and western or simply western, is a form of music composed by and about the people who settled and worked throughout the Western United States and Western Canada. Western music celebrates the lifestyle of the cowboy on the open range, along the Rocky Mountains, and among the prairies of Western North America. The genre grew from the mix of cultural influences in the American frontier and what became the Southwestern United States at the time, it came from the folk music traditions of those living the region, those being the hillbilly music from those that arrived from the Eastern U.S., the corrido and ranchera from Northern Mexico, and the New Mexico and Tejano endemic to the Southwest. The music industry of the mid-20th century grouped the western genre with that of similar folk origins, instrumentation and rural themes, to create the banner of country and western music, which was simplified in time to country music.
Trigger Creek
Trigger Creek is a stream in the Taney County, Missouri. The stream headwaters are just east of Missouri Route JJ and it flows northeast passing under Route J between Kirbyville to the northwest and Mincy to the southeast. The stream enters Bull Shoals Lake about 1.5 miles northeast of Route J.

The source is located at: 36°34′06″N 93°09′21″W﻿ / ﻿36.56833°N 93.15583°W﻿ / 36.56833; -93.15583 and the confluence is at:   36°35′57″N 93°06′30″W﻿ / ﻿36.59917°N 93.10833°W﻿ / 36.59917; -93.10833.

Trigger Creek was so named on account of frequent flash flooding (i.e. as fast as a "trigger").

Mincy, Missouri
Mincy is an unincorporated community in south-central Taney County, in the Ozarks of southern Missouri, United States. Mincy is located approximately four miles north of the Missouri-Arkansas border and near the upper end of Bull Shoals Lake of the White River. Mincy is the namesake for the Drury-Mincy Conservation Area to the south and east.
Adrian Holliday
Adrian Holliday (born 1950) is Professor of Applied Linguistics and Intercultural Education at Canterbury Christ Church University. His teaching and research includes intercultural communication and ideology, discourses of culture, the politics of international English language education, English in the world, cultural imperialism, and qualitative research methods.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
James Carter (basketball)
James Raymond Carter Gaudino (born March 27, 1964) is a retired Puerto Rican basketball player. Carter spent most of his career as a point guard for the Brujos de Guayama of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). Carter is currently the all-time assists leader of the league. During his 20-year career, he also played for the Indios de Mayagüez, Criollos de Caguas, Maratonistas de Coamo, and Capitanes de Arecibo.  Carter also played since 1992 to the year 2000 for the Explosivos de Moca of the Liga de Baloncesto Puertorriqueña.

Criollos de Caguas (basketball)
The Criollos de Caguas are a professional basketball team based in Caguas, Puerto Rico. They play in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN) League, the top division basketball league in Puerto Rico. They are the league's defending champions, having defeated the Osos de Manatí in 7 games in the final of the 2024 Baloncesto Superior Nacional season.
El Fardou Ben Nabouhane
El Fardou Mohamed Ben Nabouhane (Arabic: الفردو محمد بن نبوهان; born 10 June 1989), known as El Fardou Ben, Ben Nabouhane or simply Ben, is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serbian First League club Zemun. Born in Mayotte, France, he plays for the Comoros national team. He is his country's all-time top goalscorer.

2021–22 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2021–22 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Linglong Tire SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the 16th season of the Serbian SuperLiga. Red Star were the defending champions, having won their 7th SuperLiga and 32nd domestic title in the previous season. Start and end dates, fixtures and competition format were released on 22 June 2021.
Casas Adobes, New Mexico
Casas Adobes is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grant County, New Mexico, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. Previously it was included within the San Lorenzo CDP.

The community is in eastern Grant County, in the valley of the Mimbres River. It is bordered to the northeast by San Lorenzo and to the north by Mimbres, both unincorporated. New Mexico State Road 152 passes just south of the community, leading west 14 miles (23 km) to Santa Clara and east over the Black Range 34 miles (55 km) to Hillsboro.

New Mexico State Road 152
State Road 152 (NM 152) is a 66.067-mile-long (106.325 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 152's western terminus is in Santa Clara, at U.S. Route 180 (US 180) and NM 152's eastern terminus is at NM 187 south of Caballo.
Mint na Bokura
Mint na Bokura (ミントな僕ら; "Minty Us") is a Japanese manga series by Wataru Yoshizumi. The story centers on the life of a pair of 14-year-old twins. It was initially published in the July 1997 issue of Ribon Comics until February 2000. It is completed in 6 volumes. However, it was compiled into 16 volumes in the Spanish version.  It is licensed in French by Glénat, in Spain by  Planeta DeAgostini Comics, and in Taiwan by Sharp Point Press.

Glénat Éditions
Glénat Éditions SA (French: [ɡlena edisjɔ̃]) is a French publisher with its head office in Grenoble. Their products include comic albums and manga in France, Benelux, and in the past Spain; it was founded by Jacques Glénat. The Benelux subsidiary, Glénat Benelux N.V., is located in Brussels, Belgium. The Switzerland subsidiary, Glénat Éditions (Suisse) SA, has its headquarters in Nyon. The Spanish subsidiary had its head office in Barcelona.
Churchill (ward)
Churchill was an electoral ward in the City of Westminster from 1965 to 2022. The ward was first used in the 1964 elections and last used for the 2018 elections, with a by-election in 2021. It returned councillors to Westminster City Council.

Westminster City Council
Westminster City Council is the local authority for the City of Westminster in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2022. Full council meetings are generally held at Westminster Council House, also known as Marylebone Town Hall, and the council has its main offices at Westminster City Hall on Victoria Street.
Penn Highlands Healthcare
Penn Highlands (PH) Healthcare is an organization based in DuBois, Pennsylvania that was founded in 2011. The organization originally linked three hospitals in DuBois, Brookville, and Clearfield, and grew to nine hospitals in Western and Central Pennsylvania. Penn Highlands also provides services for at least 26 counties including primary, home, and urgent care.

Some hospitals acquired by PH have operated for over 100 years, while Penn Highlands opened a brand new hospital in State College in 2024. Penn Highlands has multiple senior care services based in Brookville. Penn Highlands experienced significant operating losses in 2023 and 2024, as did some other healthcare providers in Western Pennsylvania including Allegheny Health Network (AHN) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC).

Home care
Homecare (also known as home care, in-home care, care at home, domiciliary care, personal care, community care, or social care) is health care or supportive care provided in the individual home where the patient or client is living, generally focusing on paramedical aid by professional caregivers, assistance in daily living for ill, disabled or elderly people, or a combination thereof. Depending on legislation, a wide range of other services can also be included in homecare.

Homecare can be organised by national or local government, by volunteer organizations or on a market basis.
Brocton, New York
Brocton is a village in Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The name was derived by combining the names "Brockway" and "Minton", two prominent local families. The population was 1,335 at the 2020 census. Brocton is within the town of Portland.

The Lakeview Shock Incarceration Correctional Facility, a state prison, is located just north of the village limits.

Chautauqua County, New York
Chautauqua County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 127,657. Its county seat is Mayville, and its largest city is Jamestown. Its name is believed to be the lone surviving remnant of the Erie language, a tongue lost in the 17th century Beaver Wars; its meaning is unknown and a subject of speculation. The county was created in 1808 and organized in 1811. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Chautauqua County comprises the Jamestown–Dunkirk–Fredonia, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located south east of Lake Erie and includes a small portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca.
Bravehearts: The Untold Stories of Heroes
Bravehearts: The Untold Stories of Heroes is an Indian anthology streaming television series premiered on 4 June 2022 on Dice Media. The series features five stand-alone episodes and stars Shakti Kapoor, Omkar Kulkarni, Anushka Kaushik, Anup Soni, Naman Jain and Aadhya Anand.

Anup Soni
Anup Soni is an Indian actor and anchor. He is an alumnus of the National School of Drama. Soni began his career with roles in television serials such as Sea Hawks and Saaya. He then took a break from television to work in films. He appeared in the 2003 films Kharaashein: Scars From Riots, Hum Pyar Tumhi Se Kar Baithe as well as Hathyar. In 2004, he appeared in Ashoke Pandit's film Sheen.  But he returned to television to work in CID: Special Bureau. He continues working both in films and television, and he previously worked in the serial Crime Patrol on Sony.
Edward McNally
Edward W. McNally (January 2, 1900 – November 21, 1968) was an American politician from Cambria County, Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, McNally served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1961 until his death in 1968.

Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Cambria County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 133,472. Its county seat is Ebensburg. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from parts of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset counties and later organized in 1807. It was named for the nation of Wales, which in Latin is known as "Cambria". The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Cambria County comprises the Johnstown, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Johnstown-Somerset, PA combined statistical area.
Jiva Pandu Gavit
Jiva Pandu Gavit is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra. He belongs to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and is a seven-term member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly representing  Surgana and Kalwan constituencies. He was elected the Pro-tem Speaker of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in 2014 and was the only leftist member of the 13th Legislative Assembly in Maharashtra.

2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election
The 2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election was held on 15 October 2014 to elect all 288 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. After a 63.38% turnout in the election as hung verdict has occurred with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Shivsena (SHS) emerged as largest and second largest parties.
1983 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1983 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested May 30 − June 4, 1983 at Robertson Stadium at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas in order to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate Division I outdoor track and field events in the United States.

These were the 61st annual men's championships and the second annual women's championships. This was Houston's first time hosting the event.

SMU and UCLA topped the men's and women's team standings, respectively; the Mustangs claimed their first team title while the Bruins' took home their second consecutive and second overall.

UCLA Bruins track and field
The UCLA Bruins track and field team is the track and field program that represents University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruins compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team is based in Los Angeles, at the Drake Stadium.

The program is coached by Joanna Hayes. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

The teams have won fifteen national titles since their first in 1956. At the 1987 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships, UCLA set the record for the highest ever winning margin, scoring 81 points compared to 28 points for second place. Jackie Robinson won the 1940 NCAA track and field championships title in the long jump for the Bruins before his baseball career. In 2020, UCLA track coach Avery Anderson shared a letter with the team on racial injustice that was subsequently published.
Charles Griffith (priest)
Christianity portal

Charles Edward Thomas Griffith (28 August 1857 - 25 June 1934) was Dean of Llandaff from 1913 until 1926.

Griffith was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and ordained in 1882. After a curacy in Merthyr Tydfil, he was Vicar of Blaenavon, then Trevethin. He was Rector of Machen from 1901 until his appointment as Dean.

Blaenavon
Blaenavon (Welsh: Blaenafon) is a town and community in Torfaen county borough, Wales, high on a hillside on the source of the Afon Lwyd. It is within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The population is 6,055.

Parts of the town and surrounding country form the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, selected as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
Kinyoun stain
The Kinyoun method or Kinyoun stain (cold method), developed by Joseph J. Kinyoun, is a procedure used to stain acid-fast species of the bacterial genus Mycobacterium. It is a variation of a method developed by Robert Koch in 1882. Certain species of bacteria have a waxy lipid called mycolic acid, in their cell walls which allow them to be stained with Acid-Fast better than a Gram-Stain. The  unique ability of mycobacteria to resist decolorization by acid-alcohol  is why they are termed acid-fast. It involves the application of a primary stain (basic fuchsin), a decolorizer (acid-alcohol), and a counterstain (methylene blue). Unlike the Ziehl–Neelsen stain (Z-N stain), the Kinyoun method of staining does not require heating. In the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, heat acts as a physical mordant while phenol (carbol of carbol fuchsin) acts as the chemical mordant.

Mordant
A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e., bind) dyes on fabrics. It does this by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric (or tissue). It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations. Although mordants are still used, especially by small batch dyers, they have been largely displaced in industry by substantive dyes.

The term mordant comes from the Latin mordere, "to bite". In the past, it was thought that a mordant helped the dye "bite" onto the fiber so that it would hold fast during washing. A mordant is often a polyvalent metal ion, and one example is chromium (III). The resulting coordination complex of dye and ion is colloidal and can be either acidic or alkaline.