hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neville Morley
Neville Morley (born 12 March 1969) is a British ancient historian and professor at the University of Exeter.

Morley studied history and classics at Emmanuel College of the University of Cambridge. He received a doctorate from Cambridge in 1994 for a dissertation entitled "Metropolis and hinterland: the city of Rome and the Italian economy 200 B.C. - A.D. 200," which was supervised by Peter Garnsey.

He worked as a temporary lecturer at the University of Wales, Lampeter from 1994 to 1995, then received a permanent position at the University of Bristol. In 2016, he transferred to the University of Exeter as Professor of Classics and Ancient History. From 2016 to 2018, Morley was an Einstein visiting fellow at the Free University of Berlin.

University of Wales, Lampeter
University of Wales, Lampeter (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru, Llanbedr Pont Steffan) was a university in Lampeter, Wales. Founded in 1822, and incorporated by royal charter in 1828, it was the oldest degree awarding institution in Wales, with limited degree awarding powers since 1852. It was a self-governing college of the University of Wales from 1972 until its merger  (under its 1828 charter) with Trinity University College in 2010 to form the University of Wales Trinity Saint David.

The university was founded as St David's College (Coleg Dewi Sant), becoming St David's University College (Coleg Prifysgol Dewi Sant) in 1971, when it became part of the federal University of Wales. With fewer than 2,000 students on campus, it was often claimed to be one of the smallest public universities in Europe.
Hazari Lane violence
In November 2024, an incident in Hazari Lane, Chittagong, Bangladesh, was triggered by a Facebook post referring the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) as a "terrorist organisation". The post reportedly caused discontent among ISKCON members. Subsequently, a mob, including members associated with ISKCON, attacked a local Muslim businessman who shared the post and attempted to burn down his shop in the vicinity.

Joint forces of Bangladesh Police and Bangladesh Army intervened to disperse the crowd and conducted searches of local properties in the area. According to statement from the joint forces, they were reportedly attacked by individuals in the crowd, who threw acid and other objects at them during the incident, resulting in the injuries to several personnel. In connection with the incident, Chattogram Metropolitan Police detained 80 individuals and 49 people were shown arrested after verification.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
Astounding: John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology
Astounding: John W. Campbell Memorial Anthology is a 1973 anthology honoring American  science fiction and fantasy editor John W. Campbell, in the form of an anthology of short stories by various science fiction authors, edited by Harry Harrison. It was first published in hardcover by Random House as a selection of the Science Fiction Book Club, and first published in paperback by Ballantine Books.

The stories were contributed by writers who had been previously published in the pages of Analog, the publication that Campbell had edited for many years. The book includes a foreword by Isaac Asimov and an afterword by Harry Harrison, and each story is prefaced by comments either by the author or the editor. It won the 1974 Locus Award for Best Anthology.

Literary editor
A literary editor is a editor responsible for refining and overseeing the quality of written content in a newspaper, magazine or other publication. Literary editor deals with aspects concerning literature and books, especially reviews. A literary editor may also help with editing books themselves, by providing services such as proof reading, copy-editing, and literary criticism. Their work often involves reviewing literary pieces, book reviews, and essays to ensure clarity, coherence, and adherence to editorial standards. Literary editors are sometimes referred to as copy editors or production editors, depending on their specific role within a publication.
British Psychoanalytical Society
The British Psychoanalytical Society was founded by Ernest Jones as the London Psychoanalytical Society on 30 October 1913. It is one of several organisations in Britain training psychoanalysts.

The society has been home to a number of psychoanalysts, including Wilfred Bion, Donald Winnicott, Anna Freud and Melanie Klein. Today it has over 400 members and is a member organisation of the International Psychoanalytical Association.

David Eder
David Montague Eder (1 August 1865 – 30 March 1936) was a British psychoanalyst, physician, Zionist and writer of Lithuanian Jewish descent. He was best known for advancing psychoanalytic studies in Great Britain.
Soy un delincuente
Soy un delincuente (English: I Am a Criminal) is a 1976 Venezuelan film by director Clemente de la Cerda, based on the autobiography of Ramón Antonio Brizuela.
The film was a blockbuster hit in Venezuela, surpassing even big American productions such as Jaws, and is considered one of the most important films in the movement called "Nuevo Cine Venezolano".
Some critics suggest that this film is clearly influenced by Italian neorealism, introducing common elements such as the presence of non-professional actors and use of real streets as settings for scenes.
The film won the Special Jury Prize at the Locarno International Film Festival in 1977.

Locarno Film Festival
The Locarno International Film Festival is a major international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland. Founded in 1946, the festival screens films in various competitive and non-competitive sections, including feature-length narrative, documentary, short, avant-garde, and retrospective programs. The Piazza Grande section is held in an open-air venue that seats 8,000 spectators.

The top prize of the festival is the Golden Leopard, awarded to the best film in the International Competition. Other awards include the Leopard of Honour for career achievement, and the Prix du Public, the public choice award.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD32
In molecular biology, snoRNA U32 (also known as SNORD32)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U32 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U32 is encoded within intron 2 of the ribosomal protein L13 gene in human and mouse and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of both 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue G1328 and 28S rRNA residue A1511.  U32A share the same host gene with the C/D box snoRNAs U33, U34 and U35A (RPL13A).

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
National Child Traumatic Stress Network
The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) is an American organization whose "mission is to raise the standard of care and improve access to services for traumatized children, their families, and communities throughout the United States". According to its website, the NCTSN "offers training, support, and resources to providers who work with children and families exposed to a wide range of traumatic experiences, including physical and sexual abuse; domestic, school, and community violence; natural disasters, terrorism, or military family challenges; and life-threatening injury and illness."

NCTSN supports trauma-informed care with a program called the Child Welfare Trauma Training Toolkit.

Physical abuse
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases, children are the victims of physical abuse, but adults can also be victims, as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include physical assault or physical violence, and may also include sexual abuse. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser, and more than one victim.
2013 Internationaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie – Doubles
Sanchai Ratiwatana and Sonchat Ratiwatana were the defending champions but decided not to participate.
Samuel Groth and Toshihide Matsui won the final 7–6(8–6), 1–6, [10–4] against Artem Sitak and Jose Statham.

Sonchat Ratiwatana
Sonchat Ratiwatana (Thai: สนฉัตร รติวัฒน์, pronounced [sǒn.t͡ɕʰàt rá(ʔ).tī.wát]), nicknamed Ton (ต้น, [tôn]; born January 23, 1982, in Bangkok) is a professional tennis player from Thailand. In 2007, Sonchat and his twin brother Sanchai Ratiwatana won their first ATP doubles title in Bangkok in their home country. In the final, the team beat 2007 Wimbledon men's doubles winner Michaël Llodra and 2007 U.S. Open men's doubles semifinalist Nicolas Mahut. He reached his highest doubles ranking at world number 39 as of 28 April 2008. He plays right-handed and turned professional in 2004. He and his twin brother played in their first grand slam tournament during the Australian Open in 2008,  where they lost to the eventual finalist pairing of Arnaud Clément & Michaël Llodra of France in the first round.
1992 Soviet Top League
The 1992 CIS Top League was a scheduled but eventually canceled season in the Soviet Top League, an attempt to preserve All-Union competitions.  The competition was canceled following the joint letter from all five Muscovite clubs that expressed their disagreement with the competition arrangements.

Valentin Ivanov (footballer, born 1934)
Valentin Kozmich Ivanov (Russian: Валентин Козьмич Иванов, 19 November 1934 – 8 November 2011) was a Russian footballer who played as a midfielder. He was the co-leading scorer at the 1962 World Cup, and the co-1960 European Nations' Cup top scorer.

Ivanov appeared 59 times for the Soviet Union, scoring 26 goals. He is the Soviet national football team's third-highest goalscorer of all time, behind only Oleg Blokhin and Oleg Protasov. One of the finest Russian players ever, Ivanov was noted for his pace, dribbling quality and technical ability.

Ivanov's four goals in the 1962 World Cup saw him named the tournament's top-scorer, along with five other players; he also scored one in the 1958 edition. He spent most of his club career with Torpedo Moscow, scoring 124 goals in 286 appearances in the Soviet Championship, the 9th all-time best record.
Tanning dependence
Tanning dependence or tanorexia (a portmanteau of tanning and anorexia) is a syndrome where an individual appears to have a physical or psychological dependence on sunbathing or the use of ultraviolet (UV) tanning beds to darken the complexion of the skin. Compulsive tanning can satisfy the definition of a behavioral addiction as well.

Behavioral addiction
Behavioral addiction, process addiction, or non-substance-related disorder is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-substance-related behavior – sometimes called a natural reward – despite any negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social or financial well-being. In the brain's reward system, a gene transcription factor known as ΔFosB has been identified as a necessary common factor involved in both behavioral and drug addictions, which are associated with the same set of neural adaptations.

Addiction canonically refers to substance abuse; however, the term's connotation has been expanded to include behaviors that may lead to a reward (such as gambling, eating, or shopping) since the 1990s. Still, the framework to diagnose and categorize behavioral addiction is a controversial topic in the psychopathology field.
Büşra Katipoğlu
Büşra Kâtipoğlu Üreten (born 17 January 1992) is a Turkish judoka competing in the ‍–‍63 kg division. She is a member of İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. She is a student of Bülent Ecevit University in Zonguldak.  She qualified for the 2016 Olympics in the women's judo under 63 kg division.

Kâtipoğlu won the bronze medal at the 2015 Tashkent Grand Prix in Uzbekistan. At the 2015 Qingdao Grand Prix in China she became silver medalist.
In 2016, she took the bronze medal at the 2016 Grand Slam Baku in Azerbaijan.

Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 63 kg
The women's 63 kg competition in judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 9 August at the Carioca Arena 2.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver.  Judo events awarded two bronze medals.  Quarterfinal losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semifinal loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarterfinals A and B competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semifinal loser from the other half of the bracket).

The medals were presented by Alex Gilady,  IOC member from Israel, and the gifts were presented by Mr. Habib Sissoko, member of the International Judo Federation Executive Committee.
Jixie Molapo
Matjikinyane Nkosinathi 'Jixie' Molapo (born 2 January 1995) is a South African professional rugby union player, who most recently played with the Eastern Province Kings. His usually plays as a right winger.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Ophiocordyceps formicarum
Ophiocordyceps formicarum is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. The fungus was first described by mycologist George S. Kobayashi in 1939 as a species of Cordyceps. Originally found in Japan growing on an adult Hercules ant (Camponotus herculeanus var. obscuripes), it was reported from Guizhou, China, in 2003. It was transferred to the new genus Ophiocordyceps in 2007 when the family Cordycipitaceae was reorganized. A technique has been developed to grow the fungus in an agar growth medium supplemented with yeast extract, inosine, and glucose.

Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.

In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. 
Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, as of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.
Luca Antonio Predieri
Luca Antonio Predieri (13 September 1688 – 3 January 1767) was an Italian composer and violinist. A member of a prominent family of musicians, Predieri was born in Bologna and was active there from 1704. In 1737 he moved to Vienna, eventually becoming Kapellmeister to the imperial Habsburg court in 1741, a post he held for ten years. In 1765 he returned to his native city where he died two years later at the age of 78. A prolific opera composer, he was also known for his sacred music and oratorios. Although his operas were largely forgotten by the end of his own lifetime and most of their scores lost, individual arias as well some of his sacred music are still performed and recorded.

Lament
A lament or lamentation is a passionate expression of grief, often in music, poetry, or song form. The grief is most often born of regret, or mourning. Laments can also be expressed in a verbal manner in which participants lament about something that they regret or someone that they have lost, and they are usually accompanied by wailing, moaning and/or crying. Laments constitute some of the oldest forms of writing, and examples exist across human cultures.
Laura Ruetsche
Laura Ruetsche is an American philosopher focusing on the foundations of quantum physics, feminist philosophy and philosophy of science. Ruetsche is a Professor and Chair of the department of philosophy at the University of Michigan. Her book, Interpreting Quantum Theories: The Art of the Possible was published in 2011  and received the 2013 Lakatos Award. She has also published on a diverse array of topics, exploring,  among other things,  philosophically salient differences between non-relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, modal semantics for quantum physics and virtue-epistemological theories of warrant. She is the partner of Gordon Belot  also at the philosophy department of the University of Michigan.

Justification (epistemology)
Justification (also called epistemic justification) is a property of beliefs that fulfill certain norms about what a person should believe. Epistemologists often identify justification as a component of knowledge distinguishing it from mere true opinion. They study the reasons why someone holds a belief. Epistemologists are concerned with various features of belief, which include the ideas of warrant (a proper justification for holding a belief), knowledge, rationality, and probability, among others.

Debates surrounding epistemic justification often involve the structure of justification, including whether there are foundational justified beliefs or whether mere coherence is sufficient for a system of beliefs to qualify as justified. Another major subject of debate is the sources of justification, which might include perceptual experience (the evidence of the senses), reason, and authoritative testimony, among others.
Government Model Senior Secondary School Junga
The Government Model Senior Secondary School Junga, was established in 1929, in Junga, Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh. It is a Co-educational, English and Hindi Medium government school affiliated to the Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education Dharamshala, from elementary (6th Grade) up to the senior secondary levels (12th Grade).

The school was accredited 'Model School' by Education Department Government of Himachal Pradesh in April, 2017.

Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education
Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education is agency Government of Himachal Pradesh entrusted with the responsibilities of prescribing courses of instructions and text books  and conducting examinations for secondary school students in Himachal Pradesh . It was set up in 1969 and has its headquarters in Dharmshala. Kultar chand Rana from Kangra was the first chairman. At present more than 8000 schools are affiliated with the Board. The Board  sets up 1650 examination centres for over 500,000 examinees every year. Dr.(Maj) Vishal Sharma(HAS) is the current Secretary of the HPBOSE appointment by the Government of Himachal Pradesh. Dr. Rajesh Sharma is the current chairman of the board. The current and newly elected president of Board Employees Association is Sh. Sunil Sharma, who belongs to Shimla district of the state.
Paula Fortes
Paula Fortes (1945–2011) was a Cape Verdean independence activist.

A native of Mindelo, Fortes became an orphan at 13, and at 16 joined the struggle against the Portuguese; she organized students at the Escola Piloto. After finishing her studies she trained to become a nurse. She was instrumental in the founding of the Organização das Mulheres de Cabo Verde, of which she served as a leader. She also served in government on the island of Sal, thus becoming the only woman to hold office in the national government immediately after independence. Fortes died in Portugal after an illness of some duration. 2013 saw the posthumous publication of her memoir, Minha Passagem.

Sal, Cape Verde
Sal (Portuguese for "salt") is an island in Cape Verde. Sal is a tourist destination with white sand beaches and over 350 days of sunshine a year. It is one of the three sandy eastern islands of the Cape Verde archipelago in the central Atlantic Ocean, 350 miles (560 km) off the west coast of Africa. Cabo Verde is known for  year-round kiteboarding, for the large reserve of Caretta turtles which hatch from July to September, and the music of Cesaria Evora. Cabo Verde is now the world's largest nesting aggregation for this turtle species, and Sal has the second-largest rookery.
Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad
The Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad was a railroad line in Pennsylvania in the 19th century. The 38 mile (61 km) main line ran from Orrtanna to Hanover Junction, where it connected with the Northern Central Railway (a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad).  Connections along the main line were to the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad (at Gettysburg), the Bachman Valley Railroad (Valley Junction), and the Pennsylvania Railroad (Porter's Sideling).

Hanover Junction, Pennsylvania
Hanover Junction is a small unincorporated community, which is located in south-central York County, Pennsylvania, United States, near the borough of Seven Valleys. The junction serves as a rest stop on the York County Heritage Rail Trail.

The Hanover Junction Railroad Station, a historic transit building in Hanover Junction dating to the 1850s, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.