hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MANRS
MANRS ("Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security") is an Internet Society-supported activity aimed at securing global Internet routing. Its main participants are Internet service providers  (ISPs), cloud providers, Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and content delivery networks (CDNs).

Members of MANRS include:

Network Operators like Workonline Communications, Telcom Internet, Backspace Technologiers (and more).

Internet Exchange Points like France IX, NIX.CZ, NAPAfrica (and more).

CDNs and Cloud Providers like Amazon, Cloudflare, Facebook, Google, and Netflix.

MANRS also operates the MANRS Observatory, a service that monitors the Internet for routing problems.

In May 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, MANRS announced that more than 500 autonomous systems had joined the initiative.

Neutral Internet Exchange of the Czech Republic
The Neutral Internet eXchange of the Czech Republic (NIX.CZ) associates Internet service providers in the Czech Republic with the objective of interconnecting their networks. The memorandum of association was signed on August 30, 1996. The association was registered by the District Council for Prague 6 on October 1, 1996 under company registration number 65990471. Its statutory body is a three-member Board of directors. Under its articles of association, the highest body of the association is the general meeting. The association is an active member of Euro-IX.

The association has constructed an internet exchange point in Prague, the Czech Republic, which interconnects the Internet networks of the individual providers, both association members and external customers, and allows IPv4 and IPv6 peering currently in five independent locations, Points of Presence.
Semgrep
Semgrep, Inc. (formerly r2c) is a cybersecurity company based in San Francisco. The company develops the Semgrep AppSec Platform, a commercial offering for SAST, SCA, and secrets scanning, and maintains the open-source static code analysis tool semgrep, which supports over 30 programming languages.

The name is a combination of semantic and grep, which refers to semgrep being a text search utility that is aware of source code semantics.

Software composition analysis
Software composition analysis (SCA) is a practice in the fields of Information technology and software engineering for analyzing custom-built software applications to detect embedded open-source software and detect if they are up-to-date, contain security flaws, or have licensing requirements.
Elaine Donnelly
Elaine Donnelly is an American conservative activist and anti-feminist principally concerned with preserving the traditional culture of the U.S. military. She is a contributing editor at Human Events magazine. She is the founder of the Center for Military Readiness which opposes the service of gay and transgender people and favors limiting the positions open to women in the military. It has been described as a right-wing organisation by the Southern Poverty Law Center and other sources.

Elaine Chenevert Donnelly attended Schoolcraft College and the University of Detroit. She lives in Livonia, Michigan, with her husband, Terry, and is the mother of two daughters.

Schoolcraft College
Schoolcraft College is a public community college in Livonia, Michigan. It was established in 1961 as Northwest Wayne County Community College and renamed in 1963 in honor of Henry Schoolcraft. Its programs include culinary arts, continuing education, business, and public safety. It has two satellite campuses.
Sturgeon River (Delta County, Michigan)
Sturgeon River is a 63.6-mile-long (102.4 km) river in the U.S. state of Michigan, flowing mostly southward through Alger County and Delta County counties on the Upper Peninsula.

The Sturgeon River rises as the outflow of Sixteenmile Lake in Alger County at 46°17′35″N 86°46′00″W﻿ / ﻿46.29306°N 86.76667°W﻿ / 46.29306; -86.76667 and flows primarily southward into Big Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan at 45°50′17″N 86°40′01″W﻿ / ﻿45.83806°N 86.66694°W﻿ / 45.83806; -86.66694.

The West Branch Sturgeon River rises at 46°09′56″N 86°43′46″W﻿ / ﻿46.16556°N 86.72944°W﻿ / 46.16556; -86.72944 and flows southeast 12.5 miles (20.1 km) into the main stream at 46°08′43″N 86°41′14″W﻿ / ﻿46.14528°N 86.68722°W﻿ / 46.14528; -86.68722.

A post office named Sturgeon River opened near the mouth of the river on July 23, 1891. The name was changed to St. Jacques on June 22, 1904. It closed on November 30, 1913, re-opened April 11, 1919, and was discontinued on July 31, 1955.

Alger County, Michigan
Alger County (/ˌældʒər/ AL-jər) is a county in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 8,842. It is the state's second-largest county by area, including the waters of Lake Superior. The county seat is Munising. Alger County is home to Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, which features rock formations, waterfalls, and sand dunes along the shore of Lake Superior. Much of the county is also part of the Hiawatha National Forest.
Bloomingdale, Ohio
Bloomingdale is a village in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States. The population was 145 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area. Bloomingdale is the site of a Camaldolese monastic community at Holy Family Hermitage, part of the Congregation of Monte Corona.

Monasticism
Monasticism (from Ancient Greek  μοναχός (monakhós) 'solitary, monastic'; from  μόνος (mónos) 'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. In other religions, monasticism is generally criticized and not practiced, as in Islam and Zoroastrianism; or plays a marginal role, as in modern Judaism.

Many monastics live in abbeys, convents, monasteries, or priories to separate themselves from the secular world, unless they are in mendicant or missionary orders.
Rupal, Nepal
Rupal is a village development committee in Dadeldhura District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4531 people living in 779 individual households.

Mahakali Zone
Mahakali (Nepali: महाकाली अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal, covering an area of 7449.28 km2 in the westernmost part of the country. It stretches along Nepal's far western border with India, marked by the Kali River or Mahakali River.

In 2015 Nepal discontinued use of zone designations in favor of provinces. The zone formerly known as Mahakali is now part of Sudurpashchim Province.

Mahakali's headquarters is Bhimdatta (formerly called Mahendranagar) in Kanchanpur District. The zone covers the Himalayan range including Api Peak in the North, Hill valleys, Inner Terai valleys such as Patan Municipality in Baitadi District in the center and the outer Terai in the South. The name of this zone is derived from the Kali River.
CONPLAN 8022-02
According to The Washington Post, the United States Strategic Command contingency plan for dealing with "imminent" threats is formally known as CONPLAN 8022-02.  The plan was reportedly completed in November 2003, resulting in a preemptive and offensive strike capability.  The main plan involves the preemptive use of tactical nuclear strikes (mini-nukes) on deep-ground rocket/bomb installations, computer viruses, and radar disruption technology.

See: Single Integrated Operational Plan for origins and details.

Tactical nuclear weapon
A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon (NSNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations, mostly with friendly forces in proximity and perhaps even on contested friendly territory. Generally smaller in explosive power, they are defined in contrast to strategic nuclear weapons, which are designed mostly to be targeted at the enemy interior far away from the war front against military bases, cities, towns, arms industries, and other hardened or larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to wage war. No tactical nuclear weapons have ever been used in combat.
Introduction and Allegro (Elgar)
Edward Elgar's Introduction and Allegro for Strings, Op. 47, was composed in 1905 for performance in an all-Elgar concert by the newly formed London Symphony Orchestra. It is a string concertante piece scored for string quartet and string orchestra, Elgar wrote it to show off the players' virtuosity. For its structure he drew on the 18th-century concerto grosso form.

The work was an immediate success in Britain, where it has remained a favourite in concert and on record. Orchestras outside Britain programme the piece rarely, although it has been recorded by orchestras from the US, Germany, Slovakia, Austria and the Netherlands, and conducted for records by, among others, Arturo Toscanini, Charles Munch, Bernard Haitink, Tadaaki Otaka, Pinchas Zukerman and Semyon Bychkov.

Sinfonia concertante
A sinfonia concertante (IPA: [siɱfoˈniːa kontʃerˈtante]; also called symphonie concertante) is an orchestral work, normally in several movements, in which one or more solo instruments contrast with the full orchestra. It emerged as a musical form during the Classical period of Western music from the Baroque concerto grosso. Sinfonia concertante encompasses the symphony and the concerto genres, a concerto in that soloists are on prominent display, and a symphony in that the soloists are nonetheless discernibly a part of the total ensemble and not preeminent. Sinfonia concertante is the ancestor of the double and triple concerti of the Romantic period corresponding approximately to the 19th century.
2004 British Superbike Championship
The 2004 British Superbike season was the 17th British Superbike Championship season. Shane Bryne was the reigning champion but he left the race in MotoGP.

John Reynolds took his third and final championship for Rizla Suzuki after starting the season with a run of 11 consecutive podium finishes. Michael Rutter, riding for HM Plant Honda, also started the season strong, but a mid-season slump saw him finish 29 points behind in 2nd. Reynolds' teammate, Yukio Kagayama finished the season 3rd.

The Superbike Cup for Privateer entries was dominated by James Ellison who finished 133 points clear of nearest challenger Jon Kirkham.

Michael Rutter (motorcyclist)
Michael Karl Rutter (born 18 April 1972 in Wordsley, Staffordshire) nicknamed "The Blade", is a British motorcycle racer. He races in the National Superstock 1000 Championship aboard a BMW S1000RR. He has a reputation for being at his best in wet conditions and his favourite circuit is Oulton Park. He won 29 British Superbike Championship races with the most recent being at Silverstone in 2010, and finished as series runner-up twice. He has also contested MotoGP and World Superbike Championship events. He also cameoed in Coronation Street in 2008 as an extra, who put money in a slot machine and sat by the fire place.

During 2015, Rutter was a temporary replacement rider for Gearlink Kawasaki in BSB, but mainly concentrated on selected road events backed by his personal sponsor Batham's brewery, having lost his 2014-ride on a Bathams IWR BMW partway through the season.
Leptobrachium abbotti
Leptobrachium abbotti, or Lowland Litter Frog, is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Megophryidae
Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to the Philippines. Fossil remains are also known from North America. As of 2014 it encompasses 246 species of frogs divided between five genera. For lack of a better vernacular name, they are commonly called megophryids.
Batavia Downs
Batavia Downs is a harness racing track  and casino in Batavia, New York.  It is located in Genesee County between Buffalo and Rochester just off of the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90).  It opened on September 20, 1940, and is the oldest lighted harness racetrack in the United States.  The track is exactly .5 miles (0.80 km) long.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
Richard Bassford
Richard Bassford (born 1936) is an American illustrator who has worked in both advertising and comic books.

Born in Manhattan, Bassford lived from age three in the Queens neighborhoods of Maspeth, Corona and Whitestone until his marriage in 1961, when he moved to Flushing. In 1975, Bassford settled in Cold Spring, New York.

Maspeth, Queens
Maspeth is a residential and commercial community in the borough of Queens in New York City. It was founded in the early 17th century by Dutch and English settlers. Neighborhoods sharing borders with Maspeth are Woodside to the north; Sunnyside to the northwest; Greenpoint, Brooklyn, to the west; East Williamsburg, Brooklyn, to the southwest; Fresh Pond and Ridgewood to the south; and Middle Village and Elmhurst to the east.

Maspeth is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11378. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Maspeth is represented by the New York City Council's 26th and 30th districts.
Prostanoic acid
Prostanoic acid (7-[(1S,2S)-2-octylcyclopentyl]heptanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid that contains a cyclopentane ring. Its derivatives are prostaglandins - physiologically active lipid substances. Prostanoic acid is not found in nature, but it can be synthesized in vitro.

Cyclopentane
Cyclopentane (also called C pentane) is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C5H10 and CAS number 287-92-3, consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. It is a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. Its freezing point is −94 °C and its boiling point is 49 °C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more carbon rings. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure.

It was first prepared in 1893 by the German chemist Johannes Wislicenus.
Riggin
Riggin is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin ("son of Riagán") derived from the Irish personal name Riagán, which means "little king". Notable people with the surname include:

Aileen Riggin (1906–2002), American Olympic swimmer and diver

Dennis Riggin (1936–2016), Canadian ice hockey player

Pat Riggin (born 1959), Canadian ice hockey player

Aileen Riggin
Aileen Muriel Riggin (May 2, 1906 – October 17, 2002), also known by her married name Aileen Soule (also Aileen Riggin Soule), was an American competition swimmer and diver. She was Olympic champion in springboard diving in 1920 and U.S. national springboard diving champion from 1923 to 1925. After retiring from competitions, she enjoyed a long and varied career in acting, coaching, writing and journalism. She was a swimming celebrity in Hawaii and the United States and an active ambassador of women's swimming well into old age.
Georges Perec: A Life in Words
Georges Perec: A Life in Words is a biography of Georges Perec by David Bellos, Professor of French and Comparative Literature and Director of the Program in Translation and Intercultural Communication at Princeton University, who also translated Perec's major novel Life: A User's Manual (1978) from French into English. His prize-winning biography contains a full list of Perec's works.

The first American edition was published in 1993 by David R. Godine, Publisher.

David Bellos
David Michael Bellos (25 June 1945 – 26 October 2025) was a British academic, translator and biographer. He was the Meredith Howland Pyne professor of French and comparative literature at Princeton University in the United States, and was the co-founder and first director, from 2007, of its translation and intercultural communication program.
USS Cloues
USS Cloues (DE-265) was an Evarts-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy during World War II. She served in the Pacific Theater, escorting convoys and other ships against Japanese submarines and aircraft. Cloues conducted extensive escort and antisubmarine operations and received three battle stars for her World War II service.

Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
The Pacific Ocean theater of World War II was a major theater of the Pacific War, the war between the Allies and the Empire of Japan. It included the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas command, which comprised most of the Pacific Ocean and its islands.

The Philippines, Dutch East Indies, British Borneo, Australia, most of the Territory of New Guinea, and the western Solomons were under a different Allied command.
Kilpatrick and Beatty text-messaging scandal
The Kilpatrick and Beatty text-messaging scandal was a political sex scandal in the United States emerging from a whistleblower lawsuit involving former Detroit Police chief Gary Brown, Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and his former chief of staff and paramour Christine Beatty.

Political scandal
In politics, a political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. Politicians, government officials, party officials and lobbyists can be accused of various illegal, corrupt,  unethical or sexual practices. Politicians and officials who are embroiled in scandals are more likely to retire or get lower vote shares.
Geoffrey Turton Shaw
Geoffrey Turton Shaw (14 November 1879 – 14 April 1943) was an English composer and musician specialising in Anglican church music. After Cambridge, where he was an organ scholar, he became a schoolmaster, then a schools inspector, while producing a stream of compositions, arrangements, and published collections of music. He was awarded the Lambeth degree of Doctor of Music.

Shaw worked with his brother Martin Shaw, also a composer, while his son Sebastian was a Shakespearean actor who is remembered for the Star Wars role of Anakin Skywalker.

Anglican church music
Anglican church music is music that is written for Christian worship in Anglican religious services, forming part of the liturgy. It mostly consists of pieces written to be sung by a church choir, which may sing a cappella or accompanied by an organ.

Anglican music forms an important part of traditional worship not only in the Church of England, but also in the Scottish Episcopal Church, the Church in Wales, the Church of Ireland, the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, the Anglican Church of Canada, the Anglican Church of Australia and other Christian denominations which identify as Anglican. It can also be used at the Personal Ordinariates of the Roman Catholic Church.
Beginner Books
Beginner Books is the Random House imprint for young children ages 3–9, co-founded by Phyllis Cerf with Ted Geisel, more often known as Dr. Seuss, and his wife Helen Palmer Geisel. Their first book was Dr. Seuss's The Cat in the Hat (1957), whose title character appears in the brand's logo. Cerf compiled a list of 379 words as the basic vocabulary for young readers, along with another 20 slightly harder "emergency" words. No more than 200 words were taken from that list to write The Cat in the Hat. Subsequent books in the series were modeled on the same requirement.

Beginner Books had only four titles in their catalog in 1958. Two years later, they were earning 1 million dollars a year. Random House acquired Beginner Books in 1960 and was the largest publisher of children's books in the United States.

Grolier
Grolier is one of the largest American publishers of general encyclopedias, including The Book of Knowledge (1910), The New Book of Knowledge (1966), The New Book of Popular Science (1972), Encyclopedia Americana (1945), Academic American Encyclopedia (1980), and numerous incarnations of a CD-ROM encyclopedia (1986–2003).

As an educational publishing company Grolier was known for its presence in school libraries and its in-home encyclopedia sales. It also had a strong presence among parents of children under six years old, the market for Grolier's direct mail-to-the-home business.

In June 2000, Grolier became part of Scholastic Corporation, which now maintains Scholastic GO, formerly Grolier Online. Since 2007, the Grolier imprint Orchard Books has published the Rainbow Magic and Beast Quest series in the United Kingdom.
Klemens of Brzeźnica
Klemens of Brzeźnica (Polish: Klemens z Brzeźnicy, also known as Klemens Klimontowic or Klemens Gryfita; c. 1190 – 18 March 1241) was a Polish nobleman from the Gryfici (Świebodzice) family who served as voivode of Opole and later as castellan of Kraków. He was killed on 18 March 1241 at the Battle of Chmielnik while fighting against the Mongol invasion of Poland.

First Mongol invasion of Poland
The Mongol invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the Battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia and High Duke of Poland. The first invasion's intention was to secure the flank of the main Mongolian army attacking the Kingdom of Hungary. The Mongols neutralized any potential help to King Béla IV being provided by the Poles or any military orders.
Regal Tower
Regal Tower is a proposed skyscraper to be constructed on a site bounded by Broad Street, Oozells Way and Sheepcote Street in Ladywood, just outside of Central Birmingham, England. The proposal consists of a 56 storey tower, measuring 200.5 metres (658 ft) tall, housing retail units, a luxury hotel, residential apartments and car parking. Provision has been made for 256 serviced apartments, although these could make way for additional hotel space. The tower has been designed by Aedas and was proposed by Regal Property Group, with DTZ Debenham Tie Leung acting on their behalf.
If completed as originally planned, the skyscraper would be the second tallest building in the UK outside of London.

Birmingham city centre
Birmingham city centre, also known as Central Birmingham, is the central business district of Birmingham, England. The area was historically in Warwickshire. Following the removal of the Inner Ring Road, the city centre is now defined as being the area within the Middleway ring road. In recent years the city centre has been undergoing massive redevelopment with the Big City Plan, which means there are now nine emerging districts and the city centre is approximately five times bigger.

Historically the area was in Warwickshire, on the border with Worcestershire. Until around the Industrial Revolution,  "Birmingham" referred only to what is now called the city centre. It was used to describe other areas when Birmingham absorbed surrounding towns.