hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Motion silencing illusion
Motion silencing is an illusion or perceptual phenomenon in which objects that are rapidly changing in a particular salient property seem to cease changing with motion. The illusion was first identified by Jordan Suchow and George Alvarez in the publication of their research on the topic.

It is a visual illusion in which a set of objects that change in luminance, hue, size, or shape appears to stop changing when it moves. It was discovered by Jordan Suchow and George Alvarez of Harvard University, and described in a paper published in Current Biology. Silencing won the Neural Correlate Society's "Best visual illusion of the year contest" in 2011.

Luminance
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted from, or is reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.

The procedure for conversion from spectral radiance to luminance is standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Brightness is the term for the subjective impression of the objective luminance measurement standard (see Objectivity (science) § Objectivity in measurement for the importance of this contrast).

The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The unit in the Centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) (which predated the SI system) is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2.
Neo-Inca State
The Neo-Inca State, also known as the Neo-Inca state of Vilcabamba, was the Inca state established in 1537 at Vilcabamba by Manco Inca Yupanqui (the son of Inca emperor Huayna Capac). It is considered a rump state of the Inca Empire (1438–1533), which collapsed after the Spanish conquest in the mid-1530s. The Neo-Inca State lasted until 1572, when the last Inca stronghold was conquered, and the last ruler, Túpac Amaru (Manco's son), was captured and executed, thus ending the political authority of the Inca state.

Quizquiz
Quizquiz or Quisquis was, along with Chalcuchimac and Rumiñawi, one of Inca emperor Atahualpa's leading generals. In April 1532, he and his companions led the armies of Atahualpa to victory in the battles of Mullihambato, Chimborazo and Quipaipan, where, along with Chalkuchimac, they defeated and captured Huáscar and promptly killed his family, seizing the capital, Cuzco. Quizquiz later commanded Atahualpa's troops in the battles of Vilcaconga, Cuzco (both 1533) and Maraycalla (1534), ultimately being bested by the Spanish forces in both accounts.

After the ensuing battles, Quizquiz fled further into the safety of the Andean mountains, but his forces soon demanded that he accept the Spanish demands, and, it being planting season, that they be able to return to their families. Quizquiz refused, and his war-weary troops eventually killed him in 1535.
Loopy (film)
Loopy is a 2004 film written and directed by Seth Michael Donsky.  It is an adaptation of a short story by Ruth Rendell. Loopy screened at the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films, the Cinequest Film Festival and the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival.  Loopy currently airs in rotation on the Independent Film Channel. The tagline for the film is "A sheep in wolf's clothing!"

Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival
The Cinequest Film & Creativity Festival is a prestigious annual independent film festival held each March in San Jose, California and Redwood City, California. The international festival combines the cinematic arts with Silicon Valley’s innovation. It is produced by Cinequest, a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization that is also responsible for Picture The Possibilities and the distribution label Cinequest Mavericks Studio LLC. Cinequest awards the annual Maverick Spirit Awards. In addition to over 130 world or U.S. premieres from over 30 countries, the festival hosts writer's events including screenwriting competitions, a shorts program,  technology and artistic forums and workshops, student programs, and a silent film accompanied on the theatre organ. Founded in 1990 as the Cinequest Film Festival, the festival was rebranded in 2017 as the Cinequest Film & VR Festival and expanded beyond downtown San Jose to Redwood City. It took its present name in 2019.
MGN
MGN can refer to:

Marine Guidance Notes, by UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency

National Rail station code for Marston Green railway station, UK

Mirror Group Newspapers, UK, now part of Trinity Mirror

Medial geniculate nucleus, a subnucleus of the thalamus in the brain

Membranous glomerulonephritis, a kidney disease

Former UK Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway

Mouettes Genevoises Navigation, public transportation by boat in Geneva, Switzerland

Medial geniculate nucleus
The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) or medial geniculate body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGN influences the direction and maintenance of attention.
Alena Polenská
Alena Polenská (previously Mills; born 9 June 1990) is a Czech ice hockey player and former captain of the Czech Republic women's national ice hockey team. She plays in the Swiss Women's League (SWHL A) with the ZSC Lions Frauen.

Polenská was part of the first Czech team to participate in a top-level tournament of the IIHF Women's World Championship (2013 tournament) and was captain of the first Czech team to earn a medal at the Women's World Championship (2022).

2022 IIHF Women's World Championship
The 2022 IIHF Women's World Championship was the 21st edition of the Top Division of the Women's Ice Hockey World Championship organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The tournament was contested in Herning and Frederikshavn, Denmark, from 25 August to 4 September 2022, at the KVIK Hockey Arena, and Scanel Hockey Arena. Historically, a top division tournament was not played during Olympic years, but in September 2021, the IIHF announced the change to play the tournament each year, even during Olympic years.

Canada defeated the United States 2–1 in the final to win their record-extending 12th title.
Dúngal mac Cellaig
Dúngal mac Cellaig (died 772) was a King of Osraige in modern County Kilkenny. He ruled from 770 to 772. He was of the dynasty known as the Dál Birn that ruled over Osraige in the early Christian period and was the son of Cellach mac Fáelchair (died 735), a previous king.

The Osraige plunged into civil war upon the death of Anmchad mac Con Cherca after 761. Tóim Snáma mac Flainn was opposed by the sons of Cellach, presumably Dúngal and in 761 they were defeated by Tóim Snáma and were put to flight. In 770 Tóim Snáma was slain presumably by Dúngal.

County Kilkenny
County Kilkenny (Irish: Contae Chill Chainnigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Kilkenny. Kilkenny County Council is the local authority for the county. At the 2022 census the population of the county was 103,685. The county was based on the historic Gaelic kingdom of Ossory (Osraighe), which was coterminous with the Diocese of Ossory.
Lighter Than Hare
Lighter Than Hare is a 1960 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short written and directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on December 17, 1960, and stars Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam. The title is a play on the phrase lighter than air. It was one of three Bugs cartoons that Freleng both wrote and directed, the others being From Hare to Heir (1960) and Devil's Feud Cake (1963).

Lifting gas
A lifting gas, or lighter-than-air gas, is a gas that has a density lower than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result, making it useful in lifting lighter-than-air aircraft. Only certain lighter-than-air gases are suitable as lifting gases. Dry air has a density of about 1.29 grams per liter (g/L) at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP) and an average molecular mass of 28.97 g/mol, and so lighter-than-air gases have a density lower than this.
Dedo (woreda)
Dedo is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Jimma Zone, Dedo is bordered on the south by the Gojeb River and South Western Region of Ethiopia that recently formed and which separated from the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Seka Cokorsa (woreda), on the north by Kersa, and on the east by Mencho (woreda) that recently separated from Dedo Woreda. The major town in Dedo is Sheki.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
George Martley Davis
George Martley Davis (7 January 1860 – 20 July 1938) was an Australian politician.

Davis was born in Emerald Hill to grazier George Davis and Mary Critchley Sylvester. He attended state and grammar schools and worked as a stock agent on the Paroo River in Queensland. From 1882 to 1887 he worked as a valuer for Maffra Shire Council before becoming a partner in a stock and station agency. On 7 March 1886 he married Jane Elizabeth Manson, with whom he had four children. He served on Rosedale Shire Council from 1908 to 1930 and was president from 1909 to 1910 and from 1918 to 1919.

In 1917 Davis won a by-election for Gippsland Province in the Victorian Legislative Council, representing the Nationalist Party. He was a minister without portfolio from 17 January 1922 to 7 September 1923. He served until his defeat in 1937. Davis died in Sale in 1938.

Paroo River
The Paroo River, a series of waterholes, connected in wet weather as a running stream of the Darling catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the South West region of Queensland and Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the home of the Paarkantji people.

Paroo is the local Aboriginal word for the bony bream fish, which are common in the river.
Statutory rules of Northern Ireland
The statutory rules of Northern Ireland are the principal form in which delegated legislation is made in Northern Ireland.

Statutory rules are made under the Statutory Rules (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (SI 1979/1573). They replaced statutory rules and orders made under the Rules Publication Act (Northern Ireland) 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 6 (N.I.)) and are comparable with statutory instruments in the rest of the United Kingdom.

Ultra vires
Ultra vires is a Latin phrase used in law to describe an act that requires legal authority but is done without it. Its opposite, an act done under proper authority, is intra vires. Acts that are intra vires may equivalently be termed "valid", and those that are ultra vires termed "invalid".

Legal issues relating to ultra vires can arise in a variety of contexts:

Companies and other legal persons sometimes have limited legal capacity to act, and attempts to engage in activities beyond their legal capacities may be ultra vires. Most countries have restricted the doctrine of ultra vires in relation to companies by statute.

Similarly, statutory and governmental bodies may have limits upon the acts and activities which they legally engage in.

Subordinate legislation which is purported passed without the proper legal authority may be invalid as beyond the powers of the authority which issued it.
Belle Moskowitz
Belle Moskowitz (née Lindner, Israels; October 5, 1877 – January 2, 1933) was a Jewish-American progressive reformer and political advisor in the early 20th century. She worked as a political advisor and publicist to New York Governor and 1928 Democratic presidential candidate Al Smith. In her obituary, the New York Times referred to her as the most powerful woman in U.S. politics.

Teachers College, Columbia University
Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) is the graduate school of education affiliated with Columbia University, a private research university in New York City. Founded in 1887, Teachers College has been part of Columbia University since 1898.
China National Highway 345
China National Highway 345 runs from Qidong in Jiangsu to Nagqu in Tibet. Its exact length is not known yet, as parts of the route are still under planning, but once completed it will be around 3000 km long. It is one of the new trunk highways proposed in the China National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030).

Qidong, Jiangsu
Qidong is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nantong in southeastern Jiangsu province, China. It is located on the north side of the Yangtze River opposite Shanghai and forms a peninsula jutting out into the East China Sea. It has a population of 967,313 in 2020.

The center of the city is named Huilong Township. It also has a well-known fishing port called Lüsi town, named after Lü Dongbin, one of the eight immortals, who is said to have visited the place four times. Qidong's Qilong township was formerly a separate island in the Yangtze called Yonglongsha but now forms a pene-enclave on Chongming Island, most of which belongs to Shanghai.
Sangram Anantrao Thopate
Sangram Anantrao Thopate is an Indian politician and a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He previously served as Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Bhor (Vidhan Sabha constituency) as a member of Indian National Congress. He is a son of Anantrao Thopate a 6-term MLA from the same assembly constituency and a former minister in the state government.

On 22 March 2017, Thopate was suspended along with 18 other MLAs until 31 December for interrupting Maharashtra Finance Minister Sudhir Mungantiwar during a state budget session and burning copies of the budget outside the assembly four days earlier. In April 2025, He quit Indian National Congress and joined Bharatiya Janata Party

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
1939 Amateur World Series
The 1939 Amateur World Series was the second Amateur World Series (AWS), an international men's amateur baseball tournament. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation (which titled it the Baseball World Cup as of the 1988 tournament). Great Britain did not defend the AWS title it had won in the inaugural event the previous year. The tournament took place, for the first time, in Cuba. It was contested by the national teams of Cuba, Nicaragua and the United States, playing six games each from August 12 through August 26. Cuba won its first AWS title – the first of what would be a record 26 titles by the time the series ended in 2011, 22 more titles than the next closest nation.

Great Britain national baseball team
The Great Britain national baseball team commonly known by its nickname “The Union Jack,” is the national men's baseball team of the United Kingdom. It is governed by the British Baseball Federation, and is also a member nation of the Confederation of European Baseball.

The team will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
Diego Simonet
Diego Esteban Simonet Moldes (born 26 December 1989) is an Argentine handball player for Montpellier and the Argentina men's national handball team.

He represented Argentina at the 2011 World Men's Handball Championship in Sweden,  2012 London Summer Olympics, 2013 World Men's Handball Championship in Spain and 2015 World Men's Handball Championship in Qatar.  His action defending Argentina brought home six continental championships (2000, 2002, 2004, 2010, 2012, and 2014).

Two of his brothers, Sebastian and Pablo, defended Argentina at Olympic and World Championship competitions.

2015 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2015 World Men's Handball Championship was the 24th staging of the World Men's Handball Championship, organised by the International Handball Federation (IHF). The final tournament was held for the first time in Qatar, from 15 January to 1 February 2015. The Qatari bid was selected over those of Norway, Poland and France after a vote by the IHF Council on 27 January 2011, in Malmö, Sweden. 
This was the third time that the World Championship was hosted in the Middle East And North Africa, after Egypt in 1999 and Tunisia in 2005.

France won the final against Qatar 25–22 to win their fifth title, a first in handball history while Qatar won their first ever medal.
Poland captured the bronze medal by defeating Spain 29–28 after extra time. Denmark secured the fifth place by winning against Croatia which finished sixth and thus had the worst result in the past 13 years of international handball competing.

The competition was marred by numerous controversies throughout.
Exploito
Exploito is a term generally given to describe cover version or sound-alike recordings that capitalize on the official recordings of artists. Typically they are of the budget release type of album. Often the buying public would think they are buying an album by the actual artist.

Tom Jones impersonator
A Tom Jones impersonator is someone who impersonates or imitates the look and sound of musician Tom Jones. Professional Tom Jones impersonators or Tom Jones tribute artists, perform all over the world as entertainers. Similarly to Elvis Presley and his impersonators, they offer an experience of having the next best thing.
Beka Saghinadze
Beka Saghinadze (born 29 October 1998) is a Georgian rugby union player who plays as a flanker for Aurillac in the French Pro D2. He was called up to the Georgia under-20 squad for 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Spivey Records
Spivey Records was a specialist blues record label founded by blues singer Victoria Spivey and jazz historian Len Kunstadt in 1961. The Records has released a series of blues and jazz albums between 1961 and 1985.

Lonnie Johnson (musician)
Alonzo "Lonnie" Johnson (February 8, 1899 – June 16, 1970) was an American blues and jazz singer, guitarist, violinist and songwriter. He was a pioneer of jazz guitar and jazz violin and is recognized as the first to play an electrically amplified violin.
Haluoleo University
Haluoleo University (Indonesian: Universitas Haluoleo or Universitas Halu Oleo) is a public university in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was established on August 19, 1981. Its current rector is Muhammad Zamrun F.

Southeast Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesian pronunciation: [sulaˌwesi t̪əŋˈɡara]; often abbreviated to Sultra, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈsʊlt̪ra]),  is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii (formerly called Wowoni), together with many smaller islands. It is bordered by South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi to the north, sharing a maritime border with Maluku and North Maluku to the east and East Nusa Tenggara to the south, as well a very narrow maritime border with East Timor to the south. The capital is the city of Kendari, on the east coast of the peninsula.

The province has no highway road connecting to the rest of the island, and the primary transportation link is a ferry across the Bone Gulf between Watampone (Bone) in South Sulawesi and the port of Kolaka in Southeast Sulawesi.
Heliconius erato
Heliconius erato, or the red postman, is one of about 40 neotropical species of butterfly belonging to the genus Heliconius. It is also commonly known as the small postman, the red passion flower butterfly, or the crimson-patched longwing. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

H. erato exhibits Müllerian mimicry with other Heliconius butterflies such as Heliconius melpomene in order to warn common predators against attacking, which contributes to its surprising longevity. It also has a unique mating ritual involving the transfer of anti-aphrodisiacs from males to females. Its host plants are various passion flower (Passiflora) vine species.

Recent field work has confirmed the relative abundance of this butterfly.

Anaphrodisiac
An anaphrodisiac (also antaphrodisiac or antiaphrodisiac) is a substance that quells or blunts the libido. It is the opposite of an aphrodisiac, something that enhances sexual appetite. The word anaphrodisiac comes from the Greek privative prefix ἀν-, denoting negation, and aphrodisiac, from the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite. Some people use anaphrodisiacs in order to curb a very high libido or due to hypersexuality. However anaphrodisiacs are also used by those with an average libido, at times due to having incessant schedules.
Maldives at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The Maldives competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's eighth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics. The delegation included two track and field athletes: Hassan Saaid and Afa Ismail, as well as swimmers Ibrahim Nishwan and Aminath Shajan. Both Shajan and Ismail were returning competitors from the 2012 London Olympics, with the former leading the Maldivian squad as the flag bearer in the opening ceremony. The Maldives, however, has yet to win its first ever Olympic medal.

Afa Ismail
Afa Ismail (born 1 November 1993 in Malé) is a Maldivian sprinter. She competed in the 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 200 metres event for the Maldives at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She was the flag bearer for the Maldives during the closing ceremony.

She is the current national record holder in the 200 metres and the 4×100 metres relay.
Charlie Shields (1900s pitcher)
Charles Jessamine Shields (December 10, 1879 – August 27, 1953) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played in 1902 and 1907 with the Baltimore Orioles, St. Louis Browns and the St. Louis Cardinals. He batted and threw left-handed.

He was born in Jackson, Tennessee, and died in Memphis, Tennessee.

Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)
The Baltimore Orioles were a Major League Baseball team that played in Baltimore from 1901 to 1902. A charter member of the American League (AL), the team only lasted two seasons before folding after the 1902 season. The team was replaced the following season with the New York Highlanders, known since 1913 as the New York Yankees.