hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter's Chocolate
Peter's Chocolate (French: Chocolat Peter, formerly Peter-Cailler) was a Swiss chocolate producer founded in 1867 by Daniel Peter in Vevey. It is notably the company who produced the first successful milk chocolate bar. It merged with Kohler in 1904, with Cailler in 1911, and was bought by Nestlé in 1929. The brand was purchased by Cargill in 2002. Peter's Chocolate was recurrently advertised with the image of a traditionally dressed man waving a chocolate bar, often with an Alpine scenery.

Vevey
Vevey (/vəˈveɪ/; French pronunciation: [vəvɛ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Vevê; former German: Vivis) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne.  The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.

It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.

Vevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestlé, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestlé. The English actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin resided in Vevey from 1952 until his death in 1977.
1962 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1962 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 52nd completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Rathnure entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 4 November 1962 at St Patrick's Park in Enniscorthy, between Faythe Harriers and Geraldine O'Hanrahans. Faythe Harriers won the match by 4–11 to 1–04 to claim their second championship title overall and a first title in two years.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
Nord 3.1101 and 3.1102
Nord 3.1101 and 3.1102 were a class of two express passenger 4-6-4 (Baltic) tender locomotives designed by Gaston du Bousquet for the Chemins de Fer du Nord, and built in the company's La Chapelle Workshops.

Chemins de fer du Nord
The Chemins de fer du Nord (French: Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord [kɔ̃paɲi de ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ dy nɔʁ] or CF du Nord; English: Northern Railway Company) often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company founded in September 1845 in Paris. It was owned by, among others, de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, Charles Laffitte and Edward Blount, and Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer. Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's president from its inception until his death in 1868.
Euston (ward)
Euston was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Camden from 1965 to 1971. It was first used at the 1964 elections and last used at the 1968 elections. It returned two councillors to Camden London Borough Council.

Camden London Borough Council
Camden London Borough Council, also known as Camden Council, legally The Mayor and Burgesses of the London Borough of Camden, is the local authority for the London Borough of Camden in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council meets at Camden Town Hall and their other premises.
John Fletcher (literary theorist)
John Fletcher is a British psychoanalytic and literary theorist. He is professor of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick and holds an honorary position at University College London's Psychoanalysis Department. He is also a Founding Scholar of the British Psychoanalytic Council. He has written extensively on authors and topics including Freud, Laplanche, 18th-19th century Gothic literature, 16th-20th century English poetry, Marxism, and gender theory, and has authored and edited many dozens of books and articles. Additionally, Fletcher is largely responsible for the editing, translation, and presentation of the works of Jean Laplanche and the reception of Laplanche beyond  French academia and into English-speaking countries.

English poetry
This article focuses on poetry from the United Kingdom written in the English language. The article does not cover poetry from other countries where the English language is spoken, including the Republic of Ireland after December 1922.

The earliest surviving English poetry, written in Anglo-Saxon, the direct predecessor of modern English, may have been composed as early as the 7th century.
Zermizinga
Zermizinga is a moth genus in the family Geometridae erected by Francis Walker in 1863. Species within this genus include Zermizinga sinuata, the lucerne looper or spider moth, which was described by Warren in 1897, as well as Zermizinga indocilisaria, which was described by Walker in 1863.

Z. sinuata is found in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. The larvae of Z. sinuata feed on Fabaceae species, such as Lotus cruentus and Medicago sativa. They have also been found on Mentha spicata and Pinus radiata.

Z. indocilisaria is found in New Zealand and is said to be found in Tasmania, Australia.

Alfalfa
Alfalfa (/ælˈfælfə/; in North America), lucerne (in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand), Medicago sativa is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world and is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. It has also been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Alfalfa has clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiraled in two to three turns containing 10–20 seeds. It is native to warmer temperate climates.
2005–06 Wichita State Shockers men's basketball team
The 2005–06 Wichita State Shockers men's basketball team represented Wichita State University as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Mark Turgeon in his sixth season at the school. The Shockers finished atop the MVC regular season standings by 2 games, but lost in the semifinal round of the MVC Tournament. Wichita State received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament – the school's first bid since 1988. Playing as No. 7 seed in the East region, the team defeated No. 10 seed Seton Hall and No. 2 seed Tennessee to reach the Sweet Sixteen for the first time in 25 years. The run would end there, however, as the Shockers fell to cinderella George Mason in the East regional semi-final.

2005–06 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team
The 2005–06 George Mason Patriots men's basketball team represented George Mason University in the 2005–2006 NCAA Basketball season. The team achieved several milestones, including a team-record 23 regular season wins, and earned an at-large bid to that year's NCAA tournament.

In the NCAA Tournament, the Patriots reached the Final Four, becoming the first team from the Colonial Athletic Association to accomplish that feat. The number 11 seed in the East region, they advanced to the Final Four by knocking off UConn, the tournament's No. 1 overall seed, 86–84 in overtime in the Elite Eight. George Mason, which had never won an NCAA tournament game up until this tournament, thus tied the 1986 LSU Tigers as the lowest seed to ever reach the Final Four. The Patriots then lost to eventual national champions, Florida.
Rottmann
Rottmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carl Rottmann (1797–1850), German landscape painter

Manuela Rottmann (born 1972), German politician

Nicole Rottmann (born 1989), Austrian tennis player

Wolfgang Rottmann (born 1973), Austrian biathlete

Sándor Rott (1868–1942), born as Sándor Rottmann, Hungarian actor

Nicole Rottmann
Nicole Rottmann (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɔtman]; born 28 June 1989) is an Austrian former professional tennis player.

She won two singles titles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 23 July 2012, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 307. On 29 October 2012, she peaked at No. 185 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Rottmann has a 2–1 win–loss record playing for Austria Fed Cup team.
Boronia deanei
Boronia deanei, commonly known as Deane's boronia, is a plant in the citrus family Rutaceae and is endemic to the central and southern highlands of New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with crowded, strongly aromatic leaves and white to bright pink flowers in late winter and spring.

Rutaceae
The Rutaceae (/ruːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.

Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents. They range in form and size from herbs to shrubs and large trees.

The most economically important genus in the family is Citrus, which includes the orange (C. × sinensis), lemon (C. × limon), grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and lime (various). Boronia is a large Australian genus, some members of which are plants with highly fragrant flowers and are used in commercial oil production. Other large genera include Zanthoxylum, several species of which are cultivated for Sichuan pepper, Melicope, and Agathosma. The family Rutaceae contains about 160 genera.
Dorak, Tarsus
Dorak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tarsus, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 207 (2022). It is situated in the Taurus Mountains, 37 kilometres (23 mi) away from Tarsus and 65 kilometres (40 mi) away from Mersin.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
La Barrosa
La Barrosa (meaning 'mud coloured') is a flamenco piece by Spanish virtuoso guitarist Paco de Lucía. An alegrías, it featured on his 1987 album Siroco and is one of his best known and acclaimed works. The piece is named after Playa la Barrosa, a 6 km long beach in Chiclana de la Frontera, Cádiz. He has performed it all across the world including a performance in front of the Plaza Mayor in Madrid in 1996 and televised nationally on TVE1. It is played in the key of B major with a capo on the second fret.
Eric Clapton and Richard Chapman described the piece as "full of effortless delicacy with cascading phrases".

Richard Chapman (musician)
Richard Chapman (born 9 May 1956 in Pembury, Kent, England) is a British guitarist, composer and author. He is a self-taught musician who has developed a personal style which is inspired by a lifelong interest in landscapes and Celtic mythology and English folklore.
The London Archives
The London Archives, previously known as the Greater London Record Office (1965–1997) and London Metropolitan Archives (1997–2024) is the principal local government archive repository for the Greater London area, including the City of London. It is administered and financed by the City of London Corporation, and is the largest county record office in the United Kingdom.

The archive is based at 40 Northampton Road, Clerkenwell, London. It attracts over 30,000 visitors a year and deals with a similar number of written enquiries. The holdings amount to over 72 miles (116 km) of records of local, regional and national importance. With the earliest record dating from 1067, the archive charts the development of the capital into a modern-day major world city.

Spitalfields
Spitalfields (/ˈspɪtəlfiːldz/) is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is in East London and situated in the East End. Spitalfields is formed around Commercial Street and Brick Lane. It has several markets, including Spitalfields Market, the historic Old Spitalfields Market, Brick Lane Market and Petticoat Lane Market. The area has a long attracted migrants from overseas, including many Jews, whose presence gained the area the 19th century nickname of Little Jerusalem and is home to a large Bangladeshi community.

It was a hamlet (autonomous area) of the large ancient parish of Stepney in Middlesex, and became an independent parish in 1729. Just outside the City of London, it formed part of the County of London from 1889 and was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney from 1900. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1921.
Castlewood (Chesterfield, Virginia)
Castlewood, also known as the Poindexter House and The Old Parsonage, is a historic plantation house located near Chesterfield, Chesterfield County, Virginia.  It was built between about 1810 and 1820, and is a long, five-part frame house that was built in at least two or three stages.  It consists of a two-story, one-bay-wide central section, flanked by 1+1⁄2-story, two-bay wings, connected to the main block by one-story, one-bay hyphens.  Also on the property is a contributing frame, pyramidal roofed structure with a coved cornice that may have housed a dairy.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Sphinganine
Sphinganine is a chemical compound of the sphingolipid class with molecular formula C18H39NO2.  Via the action of sphingosine kinase enzymes, it is converted to dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate (sphinganine 1-phosphate), which has a variety of biological functions.

Sphinganine is one of many sphingoid bases (long-chain bases) besides sphingosine, which are backbones of sphingolipids. It is made by dehydrogenating 3-ketosphinganine, which is produced by condensation reaction of serine with palmitate. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ceramide.

Sphinganine is a diastereomer of safingol.

Dehydrogenation
In chemistry, dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation.  Dehydrogenation is important, both as a useful reaction and a serious problem.  At its simplest, it is a useful way of converting alkanes, which are relatively inert and thus low-valued, to olefins, which are reactive and thus more valuable. Alkenes are precursors to aldehydes (R−CH=O), alcohols (R−OH), polymers, and aromatics.  As a problematic reaction, the fouling and inactivation of many catalysts arises via coking, which is the dehydrogenative polymerization of organic substrates.

Enzymes that catalyze dehydrogenation are called dehydrogenases.
Scarification (botany)
Scarification in botany involves weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination. Scarification is often done mechanically, thermally, and chemically. The seeds of many plant species are often impervious to water and gases, thus preventing or delaying germination. Any process designed to make the testa (seed coat) more permeable to water and gases is known as scarification.

Scarification, regardless of type, works by speeding up the natural processes which normally make seed coats permeable to water and air. For drupes (stone fruits), scarification also extends to weakening or removal of the hard endocarp shell around the seed.

Imbibition
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion that takes place when liquid is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an increase in volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent and the liquid is essential for imbibition. For a substance to imbibe a liquid, there must first be some attraction between them. Imbibition occurs when a wetting fluid displaces a non-wetting fluid, the opposite of drainage in which a non-wetting phase displaces the wetting fluid. The two processes are governed by different mechanisms. Imbibition is also a type of diffusion since water movement is along the concentration gradient. Seeds and other such materials have almost no water hence they absorb water easily. Water potential gradient between the absorbent and liquid imbibed is essential for imbibition.
Vyshnia, Lviv Oblast
Vyshnia (Ukrainian: Ви́шня), (the former name – Benkova Vyshnia (Ukrainian: Бенькова Вишня) – is a selo (village) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It belongs to Rudky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. 
The population of the village is about 1819 people, and local government is administered by Vyshnianska village council.

Sambir Raion
Sambir Raion (Ukrainian: Самбірський район) is a raion (district) in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Sambir. Population: 221,896 (2022 estimate). It was established in 1965.

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Sambir Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Staryi Sambir and Turka Raions, as well as the city of Sambir, which was previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Sambir Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 67,063 (2020 est.).
Stuartburn Wildlife Management Area
Stuartburn Wildlife Management Area is a wildlife management area located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Vita, Manitoba, Canada. It was established in 1997 under the Manitoba Wildlife Act. It spans an area of 3.26 square kilometres (1.26 sq mi).

This area is home to plant species such as the Dakota slipper as well as the western prairie fringed orchid. There is a variety of animal species that can be found here, such as deer, grouse, fox, and black bears. Wild turkey have been seen as well. This area serves as a breeding ground for bird species such as the black-billed cuckoo and the bobolink.

Vita, Manitoba
Vita (/ˈvaɪtə/; Ukrainian: Вайта, romanized: Vaita) is a local urban district in southeast Manitoba settled by Ukrainian immigrants in the late 1890s. It is roughly 50 km (31 mi) by road from Steinbach (via PTH 12 and Provincial Road 302) in the Rural Municipality of Stuartburn.

Vita has a multicultural population with residents from a variety of ethnic backgrounds, the largest being Ukrainian and Mennonite.
2021 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships – Women's K1
The Women's K1 at the 2021 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships took place on 23 and 25 September 2021 at the Čunovo Water Sports Centre in Bratislava. It was the 41st edition of the event, and 58 athletes from 29 nations competed.

2011 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2011 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships took place from September 7–11, 2011 in Bratislava, Slovakia under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 34th edition. Bad weather conditions on September 7 and 8 forced the organizers to make changes to the schedule. The events were all held over the remaining three days of the Championships. The women's C1 team event debuted at these championships, but did not count as an official medal event due to insufficient number of participating federations.

The event was also the only global qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

It was the first time Slovakia hosted the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The races were held in the Čunovo Water Sports Centre on an offshoot of the river Danube near the borders with Austria and Hungary. Slovakia won the medal table with 3 golds, 2 silvers and 3 bronzes.
Metabolic waste
Metabolic wastes or excrements are substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration) which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, etc. Animals treat these compounds as excretes. Plants have metabolic pathways which transform some of them (primarily the oxygen compounds) into useful substances.

All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of water solutes through the excretory organs (nephridia, Malpighian tubules, kidneys), with the exception of CO2, which is excreted together with the water vapor throughout the lungs. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical homeostasis of the organism.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Waterschap Hollandse Delta
Waterschap Hollandse Delta (WSHD) is a Dutch regional water authority covering the south of South Holland with its seat in Ridderkerk. The area it encompasses includes Rotterdam (south of the Nieuwe Maas) as well as the (former) islands Goeree-Overflakkee, Hoeksche Waard, Voorne-Putten, the Island of Dordrecht, IJsselmonde, Rozenburg and Tiengemeten.

It is responsible for water management, water quality and sewage water treatment and was formed from a merger of 4 regional water authorities in January 2005.

Ridderkerk
Ridderkerk (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌrɪdərˈkɛr(ə)k] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 46,671 in 2021 and covers an area of 25.26 km2 (9.75 sq mi) of which 1.54 km2 (0.59 sq mi) is covered by water.

The municipality of Ridderkerk also includes the following towns, villages and townships: Bolnes, Oostendam, Rijsoord and Slikkerveer.

Ridderkerk has a museum called De Oudheidkamer, covering the history of the town. The centre of Ridderkerk has a central square for events and there is a theater.