hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Broken Earth
The Broken Earth is an American film written and directed by Roman Freulich in 1939. The 11-minute short film stars Clarence Muse as a sharecropper and widower who plows his farm and tries to care for a sick son, pleading and praying for divine intervention. The film includes a soundtrack of negro spirituals.

Freulich was a photographer who immigrated from Poland. He shot movie stills and glamour shots, along with shooting the film with dramatic angels. The film is extant.

Muse owned a ranch that was used as a filmmaking location.

The Southern Methodist University Libraries have the film in their collection The film was screened in 2007 and discussed by Morgan State University professor Thomas Cripps.

Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping is different from tenant farming, which provides the tenant greater autonomy, and higher economic and social status.

Sharecropping may be a traditional arrangement of land governed by law. The French métayage, the Catalan masoveria, the Castilian mediero, the Polish połownictwo and Russian izdolshchina, the Italian mezzadria, and the Islamic system of muzara‘a (المزارعة), are examples of legal systems that have supported sharecropping.
Martha McTier
Martha "Matty" McTier (1742/1743 – 3 October 1837) was an advocate in Belfast, Ireland for women's health and education, and a supporter of democratic reform. Her correspondence with her brother William Drennan and with other leading United Irishmen documents the political radicalism and tumult of late eighteenth-century Ulster.

Acts of Union 1800
The Acts of Union 1800 (Irish: Achtanna an Aontais 1800) were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The acts came into force between 31 December 1800 and 1 January 1801, and the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January 1801.

Provisions of the acts remain in force, with amendments and some Articles repealed, in the United Kingdom, but they have been repealed in their entirety in the Republic of Ireland.
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge
Becharof National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in the Aleutian Range of the Alaska Peninsula of southwestern Alaska. It is adjacent to Katmai National Park and Preserve. This national wildlife refuge, which covers an area of 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km2), was established in 1980 to conserve major brown bears, salmon, migratory birds, caribou, marine birds, and mammals and to comply with treaty obligations. It lies primarily in the east-central part of Lake and Peninsula Borough, but extends eastward into the mainland portion of Kodiak Island Borough. The refuge is administered from offices in King Salmon.

Becharof Wilderness it comprises approximately 500,000 acres (2,000 km2) and is bordered by the Katmai Wilderness on the north.  It was designated a wilderness area in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act.

National Wildlife Refuge
The National Wildlife Refuge System is a system of protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the Department of the Interior. The National Wildlife Refuge System is the system of public lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
Douglas County, Kansas
Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Lawrence.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 118,785, making it the fifth-most populous county in Kansas.  The county was named after Stephen Douglas, a U.S. Senator from Illinois and advocate for the popular sovereignty choice in the Kansas slavery debate.

Douglas County comprises the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

History of slavery in Kansas
Slavery in Kansas remained small-scale and mainly at the household level. Since cotton never had a significant role in Kansas' early agrarian economy, there were a few plantations and slaves along the Missouri River during the pre-Territorial period. Starting with the organization of Kansas Territory in 1854, there was a state-level civil war over slavery which inhibited the development of the institution of slavery.
Prom (film)
Prom is a 2011 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Joe Nussbaum written by Katie Wech and produced by Ted Griffin and Justin Springer. It was released on April 29, 2011, by Walt Disney Pictures. The film was the first major production filmed with Arri Alexa cameras to be released in theatres.

Ted Griffin
Ted Griffin (born December 21, 1970) is an American screenwriter whose credits include Ravenous, Rumor Has It, and Ocean's Eleven.

Born in Pasadena, California, Griffin graduated from Colgate University in 1993. While attending university he helped to create the comedy troupe, Broken Lizard. He was scheduled to make his directorial debut with Rumor Has It..., for which he had written the original screenplay, but was replaced by Rob Reiner 12 days after principal filming began. He did a rewrite on the 2010 Ashton Kutcher film Killers.  He moved into television by creating Terriers for FX. Griffin played Agent Hughes in The Wolf of Wall Street.

His brother is screenwriter Nicholas Griffin. His maternal grandparents were director William A. Seiter and Finnish American actress Marian Nixon.

Griffin was married to actress Sutton Foster from October 25, 2014, until she filed for divorce in October 2024.
25th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
The 25th Louisiana Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Louisiana that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The regiment organized in March 1862 at New Orleans and served during the war in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The regiment served at First Corinth and Perryville in 1862. In November 1862, the regiment was consolidated with the 16th Louisiana Infantry Regiment and served at Stones River, Jackson, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge in 1863. The 16th-25th Consolidated Louisiana Infantry fought at Mill Creek Gap, Resaca, New Hope Church, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesborough, and Nashville in 1864. The consolidation with the 16th Louisiana was discontinued in February 1865 and the regiment was re-consolidated with the 4th Louisiana Infantry Battalion. The new unit fought its last battle at Spanish Fort. The unit again re-consolidated, becoming two companies of the Pelican Regiment before surrendering in May 1865.

Battle of New Hope Church
The Battle of New Hope Church (May 25–26, 1864) was a clash between the Union Army under Major General William T. Sherman and the Confederate Army of Tennessee led by General Joseph E. Johnston during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War.
Saarai Veerraju
Saarai Veeraju is a 2009 Indian Telugu-language drama film written and directed by D. S. Kannan, an erstwhile assistant to S. S. Rajamouli and Krishna Vamsi. The film, produced by P. R. K. Rao under the banner of Visalakshi Creations, stars Ajay (in his lead debut), Remya Nambeesan, and newcomer Madhulika. The music was composed by Sri Sai with cinematography by D. B. Vishwa. The film released on 4 December 2009. It was dubbed in Tamil as Vettattam.

Krishna Vamsi
Pasupuleti Venkata Bangarraju (born 28 July 1962), known professionally as Krishna Vamsi, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer known for his work in Telugu cinema. In a career spanning three decades, he has received three National Film Awards, nine Nandi Awards, and three Filmfare Awards South.

Krishna Vamsi began his career as an assistant director to Ram Gopal Varma and made his directorial debut with the 1995 romantic crime film Gulabi. In 1996, he directed Ninne Pelladata, which became one of the highest-grossing Telugu films at the time. He later directed the critically acclaimed Sindhooram (1997), under his production house Andhra Talkies. Both films won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu. Other notable films directed by Krishna Vamsi include Anthahpuram (1998), Murari (2001), Khadgam (2002), Danger (2005), Chandamama (2007), Mahatma (2009), Govindudu Andarivadele (2014), and Rangamarthanda (2023).
Arrhenia epichysium
Arrhenia epichysium is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae.

The fruit body has small brown to dark gray caps measuring 1–3 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄4 in) in diameter. The cap color changes to light gray to tan when it is dry. The gills are narrow and thin, placed together closely, and decurrently attached to the stipe, which can be up to 5 cm (2 in) long. The flesh is grayish and watery. The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, measuring 6–7.5 μm. The spore print is white.

Outside of its genus, it can resemble the slightly larger Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis.

It can be found on dead wood in North America (except for the Gulf Coast), lasting through May on the West Coast.

Agaric
An agaric (/ˈæɡərɪk, əˈɡærɪk/) is a type of fungal fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. It is a type of mushroom (or toadstool), the diverse group of agarics being lumped together as gilled mushrooms. "Agaric" can also refer more generally to any basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body.
Satellite Beach, Florida
Satellite Beach is a coastal city in Brevard County, Florida, U.S. The population was 11,226 at the 2020 United States census, up from 10,109 at the 2010 census, and it is located with the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Banana River to the west. Satellite Beach is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Florida scrub jay
The Florida scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens[A]) is one of the species of scrub jay native to North America. It is the only species of bird endemic to the U.S. state of Florida and one of only 15 species endemic to the continental United States. Because of this, it is keenly sought by birders. It is known to have been present in Florida as a distinct species for at least 2 million years, and is possibly derived from the ancestors of Woodhouse's scrub jay.
Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento
The Sabina School Park of Knowledge (Portuguese: Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento) is a science museum in Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil. Other planetaria in Greater São Paulo include Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium and Carmo Planetarium.

Santo André, São Paulo
Santo André (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃twɐ̃ˈdɾɛ], Saint Andrew) is a Brazilian municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. It is part of a group of municipalities known as the ABC Region. According to the most recent census in 2024, the population is estimated at 778,711 in an area of 175.8 km2 (67.9 sq mi). or about 43,441 Acres of landmass.

It is the 15th most developed Brazilian city, and the eighth most developed city in the State of São Paulo, according to the UN. The city is also known to be the fifth best city in the country to raise children on the grounds of public and private education and health care.
Alper Hamurcu
Alper Hamurcu (born 23 November 1983) is a Turkish volleyball coach. He's been coaching Turkish side Aydın Büyükşehir Belediyespor since 2019 and also assistant coaches the Turkey women's national team.

Turkey women's national volleyball team
The Turkey women's national volleyball team (Turkish: Türkiye Kadın Voleybol Milli Takımı) is formed by the Turkish Volleyball Federation (TVF) and represents Turkey in international CEV and FIVB organizations.

The team is the most successful national sports team in the country and has been nicknamed "Filenin Sultanları" (English: Sultans of the Net) since the 2003 Women's European Volleyball Championship hosted in Ankara, Turkey. As of 8 September 2025, the team is ranked third in the FIVB World Rankings. Daniele Santarelli is the head coach of the team.
Margutsek
Margutsek (Russian: Маргуцек) is a rural locality (a selo) in Krasnokamensky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 765 (2021 census); 1,215 (2010 census); 990 (2002 census);  There are 8 streets in this selo.

Krasnokamensky District
Krasnokamensky District (Russian: Краснока́менский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the krai, and borders with Priargunsky District in the north, and with Zabaykalsky District in the west.  The area of the district is 5,300 square kilometers (2,000 sq mi).  Its administrative center is the town of Krasnokamensk. Population: 64,597 (2010 Census); 9,987 (2002 Census); 71,037 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Krasnokamensk accounts for 86.2% of the district's total population.
Oshri Gita
Oshri Gita (Hebrew: אושרי גיטא; born 2 July 1985) is an Israeli retired football player. During the 2007–08 season, with Maccabi Haifa Oshri's goal against Hapoel Petah Tikva during the 2006–07 season, was ranked in the top ten goals of the season by Sport5. He holds a rather rare distinction in Israel, having run the fastest ten metre dash during tests at the Wingate Institute, beating the previous record held by Yakubu.

2006–07 Israeli Premier League
The 2006–07 Israeli Premier League season began on 26 August 2006. It was scheduled to begin a week before, but was then postponed due to the 2006 Lebanon War. Beitar Jerusalem, under businessman Arcadi Gaydamak, became the league champions.

Two teams from Liga Leumit were promoted at the end of the previous season: Maccabi Herzliya and Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan. The two teams relegated were Hapoel Nazareth Illit and Bnei Sakhnin.
Maarif al-Sunan
Maarif al-Sunan Sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi (Arabic: معارف السنن شرح جامع الترمذي) is a six-volume Arabic commentary on Sahih al-Tirmidhi. It was authored by Yusuf Banuri, who compiled the work based on the teachings and lectures of Anwar Shah Kashmiri. Published in 1968, the commentary aimed to address the errors found in another commentary called Al-Arf al-Shadhi Sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi, which was also based on the teachings of Anwar Shah Kashmiri.

Yusuf Banuri
Sayyid Muhammad Yousuf Banuri (7 May 1908 – 17 October 1977) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar, who was the founder of Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia and former President and Vice President of Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia, Pakistan from 30 May 1973 to 17 October 1977.

He also served as Emir of the Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat from 1974 to 1977.
Dener (footballer, born 1991)
Dener Assunção Braz (28 June 1991 – 28 November 2016), simply known as Dener, was a Brazilian footballer who last played as a left back for Chapecoense.

Dener was one of the victims when LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 crashed on 28 November 2016.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Beautiful History
Beautiful History: A Hits Collection is the third compilation album by Christian singer Plumb. It contains re-recordings of three songs from her 1998 album candycoatedwaterdrops as well as singles from her later albums Beautiful Lumps of Coal, Chaotic Resolve and Blink. It also contains two new songs recorded for the album, "Hang On" and "Beautiful History." It peaked at No. 39 on Billboard's Christian Albums chart.

Blink (Plumb album)
Blink is the fifth album by Christian singer Plumb. Released in 2007 via Curb Records, it is a collection of songs inspired by the singer's experiences as a mother.
The album includes the single "In My Arms."
Mobile User Objective System
The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) is a United States Space Force narrowband military communications satellite system that supports a worldwide, multi-service population of users in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. The system provides increased communications capabilities to newer, smaller terminals while still supporting interoperability with legacy terminals. MUOS is designed to support users who require greater mobility, higher bit rates and improved operational availability. The MUOS was declared fully operational for use in 2019.

Bit rate
In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.

The bit rate is expressed in the unit bit per second (symbol: bit/s), often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s = 1,000 Gbit/s). The non-standard abbreviation bps is often used to replace the standard symbol bit/s, so that, for example, 1 Mbps is used to mean one million bits per second.

In most computing and digital communication environments, one byte per second (symbol: B/s) corresponds to 8 bit/s (1 byte = 8 bits).  However if stop bits, start bits, and parity bits need to be factored in, a higher number of bits per second will be required to achieve a throughput of the same number of bytes.
French destroyer Sabre
Sabre was a Arquebuse-class destroyer contre-torpilleur d'escadre built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1904, the ship was initially assigned to the Far Eastern Division (Division Navale d’Extrême-Orient). She returned to France in 1907 and was assigned to the Northern Squadron (Escadre du Nord). Sabre became part of a local defense unit (Défense mobile) in Brittany four years later.

When the First World War began in August 1914, the ship was one of the leaders of a submarine flotilla, but was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet (Escadre de la Méditerranée) in 1915. She was assigned to a patrol squadron in 1918 and was sold for scrap in 1921.

Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)
The French Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, also known as CECMED (French for Commandant en chef pour la Méditerranée), is a French Armed Forces regional commander. The officeholder, who commands the Mediterranean zone, region, and maritime arrondissement, is usually an admiral of the French Navy, under the direct authority of the French Chief of the Defence Staff. As of 2015 the position was held by Admiral Yann Tainguy.

CECMED today is simultaneously:

Commander of the region and the Mediterranean maritime arrondissement,

Maritime zone commander,

Maritime prefect for the Mediterranean.

Today the main French naval combat force in the Mediterranean is the Force d'action navale (FAN) headquartered at Toulon. The admiral commanding the Naval Action Force (ALFAN) is responsible to the Chief of Staff of the French Navy formerly at Rue Royale in Paris.
Royal Scots Borderers
The Royal Scots Borderers, 1st Battalion, the Royal Regiment of Scotland (1 SCOTS) was a battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The battalion formed on 1 August 2006 when its antecedent regiments - the Royal Scots and the King's Own Scottish Borderers - amalgamated just after the formation of the Royal Regiment of Scotland in 2006.

On 1 December 2021, the battalion was disbanded and its personnel formed the 1st Battalion of the new Ranger Regiment (1 RANGERS).

Sgian-dubh
The sgian-dubh (/ˌskiːən ˈduː/ skee-ən-DOO; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [s̪kʲənˈt̪u]) – also anglicized as skene-dhu – is a small, single-edged knife (Scottish Gaelic: sgian) worn as part of traditional Scottish Highland dress. It is now worn tucked into the top of the kilt hose with only the upper portion of the hilt visible. The sgian-dubh is normally worn on the same side as the dominant hand.
Aristodicus of Cyme
Aristodicus (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόδικος) of Cyme in Asia Minor, and son of Heracleides. When his fellow citizens were advised, by an oracle, to deliver up Pactyes to the Persians, Aristodicus dissuaded them from it, saying that the oracle might be a fabrication, as Pactyes had come to them as a suppliant.

Aristodicus was then sent himself to consult the oracle; but the answer it gave was the same as before; and when Aristodicus, in order to avert surrendering a suppliant -- which was in context an impious act -- endeavored to demonstrate to the god Apollo (the source of the oracle), that he had given an unjust command, the oracle still persisted in it, and added that it was intended to bring ruin upon Cyme, as punishment for even considering giving up a supplicant.

Supplication
Supplication (also known as petitioning) is a form of prayer, wherein one party humbly or earnestly asks another party to provide something, either for the party who is doing the supplicating (e.g., "Please spare my life.") or on behalf of someone else.
Timothy F. Callahan
Timothy F. Callahan (March 1, 1856 – October 22, 1934) was an American politician and businessperson from Maine. Callahan, a Democrat from Lewiston, served one term in the Maine House of Representatives (1891–1892). He also was elected by the Maine Legislature to serve as the third Maine State Auditor (1913–1915).

Callahan's parents, John and Margaret Callahan, were both Irish immigrants. He and his brother Eugene Callahan were merchants. The brothers erected two Renaissance-style commercial buildings in downtown Lewiston; the first in 1892 and the second in 1910–11. They sold trunks, hats and men's clothing.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Pavez
Pavez is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Carlos Rojas Pavez (1906–1994), Chilean politician

Esteban Pavez (born 1990), Chilean footballer

Luis Antonio Pavez Contreras (born 1988), Chilean footballer

Luis Alberto Pavez Muñoz (born 1995), Chilean footballer

José Eduardo Pavez (born 1969), Mexican footballer

Juan Acevedo Pavez (1914–2010), Chilean politician

Monica Pavez, Canadian special effects make-up artist

Sebastián Pavez (born 1996), Chilean handball player

Terele Pávez (1939–2017), Spanish actress

José Pavez
José Eduardo Pavez López (born October 13, 1969) is a Mexican former professional footballer. He played as a midfielder during his career. He was a member of the Mexico national football team competing at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.