hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
The Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases is an international peer-reviewed medical journal. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology and covers all aspects of rheumatology, including musculoskeletal conditions, arthritis, and connective tissue diseases. The journal publishes original research, reviews, recommendations, and various other articles, as well as abstracts from conferences. The journal was established in 1939, and operates under a hybrid subscription business model that enables open access. The editor-in-chief is Josef Smolen.

Subscription business model
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service. The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century. It is particularly common now for digital products, which lend themselves more naturally toward a subscription model.

Subscriptions can be a more convenient, hassle-free transaction for consumers. However, due to inertia among some consumers, they may inadvertently pay for subscriptions that they no longer value because they do not realize that they are subscribed.
Sally Ball
Sara Louise "Sally" Ball is an American poet, editor, and professor. She is the author of Annus Mirabilis (Barrow Street Press, 2005). Her poems and essays have appeared in literary journals and magazines including American Poetry Review, Harvard Review, Pleiades, Ploughshares, Rivendell, Slate, Threepenny Review, Salmagundi, The Southwest Review, The Threepenny Review, Yale Review, and the Review of Contemporary Fiction.

The Threepenny Review
The Threepenny Review is an American literary magazine founded in 1980. It is published in Berkeley, California, by founding editor Wendy Lesser. Maintaining a quarterly schedule (March, June, September, December), it offers fiction, memoirs, poetry, essays and criticism to a readership of 10,000. Without the support of patrons or a university, the publication has an annual budget of $200,000.
War Memorial of Korea
The War Memorial of Korea (Korean: 전쟁기념관) is a museum located in Yongsan-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It opened in 1994 on the former site of the army headquarters to exhibit and memorialize the military history of Korea. It was built for the purpose of preventing war through lessons from the Korean War and for the hoped for peaceful reunification of North and South Korea. The memorial building has six indoor exhibition rooms and an outdoor exhibition centre displaying war memorabilia and military equipment from China, South Korea and the United States.

Buzz number
Buzz numbers were letter-number combinations displayed by United States Air Force military aircraft in the years immediately after World War II, through the early 1960s.

The first two letters of a buzz number indicated the type and designation of an aircraft while the last three were generally the last three digits of the aircraft serial number. Air Force fighters used buzz numbers starting with the letter F (or P, when fighters were designated as "pursuit" aircraft before June 1948), while bombers started with the letter B. For example, a P-51 Mustang would have a buzz number such as FF-230 while an F-86 Sabre might be FU-910. A B-66 Destroyer would have a buzz number such as BB-222. One of the last Air Force fighters to carry a buzz number was the F-4 Phantom II (FJ), then called the F-110 Spectre by the Air Force.
1485 AM
Copies of the World Radio TV Handbook (including the 1991 edition) have identified 1485 kHz as a local frequency, akin to the Class C (former Class IV) radio stations in North America which are limited to 1kW.

The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1485 kHz:

AM stereo
AM stereo is a term given to a series of mutually incompatible techniques for radio broadcasting stereo audio in the AM band in a manner that is compatible with standard AM receivers. There are two main classes of systems: independent sideband (ISB) systems, promoted principally by American broadcast engineer Leonard R. Kahn; and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) multiplexing systems (conceptually closer to FM stereo).

Initially adopted by many commercial AM broadcasters in the mid to late 1980s, AM stereo broadcasting soon began to decline due to a lack of receivers (most "AM/FM stereo" radios only receive in stereo on FM), a growing exodus of music broadcasters to FM, concentration of ownership of the few remaining stations in the hands of large corporations and the removal of music from AM stations in favor of news/talk or sports broadcasting. By 2001, most of the former AM stereo broadcasters were no longer stereo or had left the AM band entirely.
John Van Zandt
John Van Zandt (died 1847) was an American abolitionist who aided the Underground Railroad resistance movement in Ohio after he had been a slaveholder in Kentucky. Sued for monetary damages by a slaveholder whose escaped slaves he had aided, he was a party to Jones v. Van Zandt (1847), a case by which abolitionists intended to challenge the constitutionality of slavery. The US Supreme Court decided the case against Van Zandt and upheld the right of the US Congress and the obligation of the US government to protect slavery, as it was established under the US Constitution. Van Zandt was ruined financially by the decision and died later that year.

Resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In multiple cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.
Judiel Nieva
Judiel Nieva (born 1977), also known as Angel de la Vega, is a Filipino transgender actress and businesswoman, notable for her claims of seeing a vision of the Virgin Mary atop a guava tree in Agoo, La Union, Philippines in what was labeled as the "Miracle of Agoo" from 1989 until 1993. During this time, the noted Filipino broadcaster Noli de Castro was instrumental in the national broadcasting of the purported apparitions in the Philippines.

The Catholic Church officially declared Nieva's visions as non—supernatural in 1993.

Noli de Castro
Manuel "Noli" Leuterio de Castro Jr. (Tagalog pronunciation: [lɛ.ʊˌtɛːɾ.jo dɛ ˈkaːs.tɾo]; born July 6, 1949) is a Filipino broadcaster, journalist, and former politician who served as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 2004 until 2010 under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. He was elected to the Senate of the Philippines in 2001 after receiving the most votes of any senator in the 2001 election.

With a career spanning over five decades, de Castro is among the most recognizable journalists in Philippine broadcast media. De Castro is currently the anchor of the radio program Kabayan on DZMM, DZMM TeleRadyo and PRTV Prime Media and the TV program TV Patrol on ANC, Kapamilya Channel, A2Z and ALLTV. He is one of the key television figures in favor of the Philippine drug war undertaken by the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte.
Billy Redmond
William T. Redmond (1853–1894) was an American professional baseball shortstop. He played in the National Association with the St. Louis Red Stockings (1875). He played part of the 1877 season with the Cincinnati Reds of the National League between stints in the League Alliance. He played for the NL's Milwaukee Grays in 1878, then with the Rockford White Stockings of the Northwestern League in 1879.

League Alliance
The League Alliance was the first semi-affiliated minor league baseball league. Proposed by Al Spalding on January 15, 1877, independent baseball teams were to affiliate with National League teams, which would honor their respective contracts. The league only existed for one season, 1877, though another version was attempted in 1882.
Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet
Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet is a fighting video game, and the sequel to Marvel Super Hero Squad. It was released in November 2010 for Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, and Wii, and was released for the first time on a Microsoft console, the Xbox 360. Similar to the first game, it features cartoonish super-deformed versions of Marvel Comics characters, as seen in the Marvel Super Hero Squad toy line, as well as the television show. The 3DS version was released in 2011.

Helicarrier
The Helicarrier is a fictional airborne aircraft carrier appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the aircraft first appeared in Strange Tales #135 (August 1965).

The Helicarrier is depicted as the crucial mobile command center, forward operations platform, and signature capital ship of the fictional intelligence/defense agency S.H.I.E.L.D. It has survived multiple redesigns while rarely straying from its originally depicted role as a mobile headquarters of S.H.I.E.L.D. until recent years.
2026 Dow Tennis Classic – Doubles
Sabrina Santamaria and Tang Qianhui won the title, after Alana Smith and Mary Stoiana withdrew from the final.

Emily Appleton and Maia Lumsden were the defending champions when the tournament was last held in 2024, but Appleton chose to compete in Oeiras instead. Lumsden partnered Isabelle Haverlag, but lost in the quarterfinals to Smith and Stoiana.

Alana Smith (tennis)
Alana Smith (born November 9, 1999) is an American tennis player.

She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 291, achieved on 22 September 2025. Her career-high WTA doubles ranking is No. 134, achieved on 16 February 2026.

Smith made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2017 Washington Open in the doubles draw, partnering Skylar Morton.
Sleat Group
The Sleat Group, which outcrops on the Sleat peninsula on Skye, underlies the Torridon Group conformably, but the relationship with the Stoer Group is nowhere exposed. It is presumed to have been deposited later than the Stoer Group, but possibly in a separate sub-basin. It is metamorphosed to greenschist facies and sits within the Kishorn Nappe, part of the Caledonian thrust belt, making its exact relationship to the other outcrops difficult to assess. The sequence consists of mainly coarse feldspathic sandstones deposited in a fluvial environment with some less common grey shales, probably deposited in a lacustrine environment.

Sleat
Sleat (/ˈsleɪt/ SLATE) is a peninsula and civil parish on the island of Skye in the Highland council area of Scotland, known as "the garden of Skye". It is the home of the clan MacDonald of Sleat. The name comes from the Scottish Gaelic Slèite, which in turn comes from Old Norse sléttr (smooth, even), which well describes Sleat when considered in the surrounding context of the mainland, Skye and Rùm mountains that dominate the horizon all about Sleat.
Nalin Bandara
Nalin Nilantha Bandara Wijerathna Jayamaha Hitihamilage (born 5 June 1974) is a Sri Lankan politician and current member of parliament for the Kurunegala District. He is a member of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya and was formerly a member of the United National Party.

Kurunegala Electoral District
Kurunegala electoral district is one of the 22 multi-member electoral districts of Sri Lanka created by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. The district is conterminous with the administrative district of Kurunegala in the North Western province. The district currently elects 15 of the 225 members of the Sri Lankan Parliament and had 1,183,649 registered electors in 2010. The district is Sri Lanka's Electorate Number 15.
St Michael's Parish Church, Linlithgow
St Michael's Parish Church is one of the largest burgh churches in the Church of Scotland. In 2024, it united with St Ninian's Craigmailen (also in Linlithgow), Torphichen Kirk and Avonbridge Church to create the new Linlithgow and Avon Valley Church. St Michael is the town's patron saint; the town's motto is "St Michael is kinde to strangers".

Burgh
A burgh (/ˈbʌrə/ BURR-ə) is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganisation in 1975, the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.
Nowy Sącz Ghetto
The Nowy Sącz Ghetto known in German as Ghetto von Neu-Sandez and in Yiddish as צאנז (Tsanz; Zanc) or נײ-סאנץ (Nay-Sants; Nojzanc) was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi Germany for the purpose of persecution and exploitation of Polish Jews in the city of Nowy Sącz pronounced [ˈnɔvɨ ˈsɔnt͡ʂ] during the occupation of Poland (1939–45).

The relocation of Jews continued ever since the German army rolled into Nowy Sącz on 6 September 1939 in the first week of the invasion of Poland. Synagogues and prayer houses were devastated and turned into storehouses. The Ghetto was filled with 18,000 prisoners from the city and all neighbouring settlements and closed off from the outside officially in June 1941. It was liquidated one year later with all Jewish men, women and children rounded up and sent aboard Holocaust trains to Bełżec extermination camp in late August 1942.

Holocaust trains
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

The speed at which people targeted in the "Final Solution" could be exterminated was dependent on two factors: the capacity of the death camps to gas the victims and quickly dispose of their bodies, as well as the capacity of the railways to transport the victims from Nazi ghettos to extermination camps. The most modern accurate numbers on the scale of the "Final Solution" still rely partly on shipping records of the German railways.
Gary D. Hanson
Gary D. Hanson (born December 17, 1949) is an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the South Dakota Senate, representing the 1st district from 2004 to 2010. Previously, he was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1998 to 2004.

South Dakota Senate
The South Dakota Senate is the upper house of the South Dakota Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The lower house is the South Dakota House of Representatives. It consists of 35 members, one representing each legislative district, who can serve up to four consecutive two-year terms. It meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
Vali Gasimov
Vali Aydin oglu Gasimov (Azerbaijani: Vəli Aydın oğlu Qasımov, also spelled Veli Aydin oglu Kasumov; Russian: Вели Айдынович Касумов; born 4 October 1968) is an Azerbaijani football coach and a former player who played as a forward.

USSR Federation Cup
The Cup of Football Federation of USSR was the official name for a short-lived premier Soviet football (soccer) competition similar to the USSR Cup that exclusively featured Soviet Top League competitors. For short it was called the "Federation's Cup".
Shipunovo
Shipunovo (Russian: Шипуново) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Shipunovo, Rossiysky Selsoviet, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Rossiysky Selsoviet of Shipunovsky District of Altai Krai

Shipunovo, Shipunovsky Selsoviet, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Shipunovsky Selsoviet of Shipunovsky District of Altai Krai

Shipunovo, Ust-Pristansky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Ust-Pristansky Selsoviet of Ust-Pristansky District of Altai Krai

Shipunovo, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Suzunsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Shipunovo, Omsk Oblast, a selo in Shipunovsky Rural Okrug of Krutinsky District of Omsk Oblast

Shipunovo, Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Podbolotny Selsoviet of Babushkinsky District of Vologda Oblast

Shipunovo, Sokolsky District, Vologda Oblast, a village in Vorobyevsky Selsoviet of Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast

Shipunovo, Shipunovsky Selsoviet, Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai
Shipunovo (Russian: Шипуново) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Shipunovsky Selsoviet of Shipunovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 13,462 in 2016. There are 98 streets.
UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying Group F
Group F of the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying competition consisted of five teams: Sweden, Iceland, Hungary, Slovakia, and Latvia. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 21 February 2019, 13:30 CET (UTC+1), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

The group was played in home-and-away round-robin format between August 2019 and December 2020. The group winners and the three best runners-up among all nine groups (not counting results against the sixth-placed team) qualified directly for the final tournament, while the remaining six runners-up advance to the play-offs.

On 17 March 2020, all matches were put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nyon
Nyon (French pronunciation: [njɔ̃] ⓘ; historically German: Neuis or Neuss and Italian: Nione, [ˈnjoːne]) is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2020) a population of 21,718 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc Lémanique.
Unseen World
Unseen World is the seventh studio album by the Japanese all-female rock band Band-Maid. It was released digitally on January 13, 2021, with physical formats released one week later. It is the band's first album for Pony Canyon.

The cover is a collage of the band members' fingers. The album reached the top 20 on the rock music charts in thirteen countries, and reached no. 1 on the Oricon Rock Albums chart in Japan.

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Emmanuel Meafou
Emmanuel Latu-Meafou (born 12 July 1998) is a professional rugby union player who plays as a lock for Top 14 club Toulouse and the France national team. Born in New Zealand to parents from Samoa, before moving to Australia where he was raised, he later obtained French nationality in 2023 and made his debut for his adoptive country in 2024.

2020–21 Top 14 season
The 2020–21 Top 14 competition is the 122nd French domestic rugby union club competition operated by the Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR). After play was suspended following the 17th matchday of the 2019–20 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France, the season was officially cancelled without any winner or promotion/relegation on 6 May 2020. Of the 2020–21 season, some last round matches were rescheduled for 16/17 January 2021, with the playoffs and final taking place in June 2021.
Dorset Rifle Volunteers
The Dorset Rifle Volunteers, (also known as the Dorsetshire Volunteer Rifle Battalion), was a unit of the Volunteer Force of the British Army located in the county of Dorset. The volunteers amalgamated to form the 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Dorset Regiment as a result of the Childers Reforms in 1881.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Yuliya Anashkina
Yuliya Igorevna Anashkina (Russian: Ю́лия И́горевна Ана́шкина; born November 18, 1980, in Chusovoy, Perm Krai, Russian SFSR) is a Russian luger who has competed since 2000. She finished 16th in the women's singles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Anashkina′s best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was 19th in the women's singles event twice (2004, 2007).

FIL World Luge Championships
The FIL World Luge Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL) have taken place on an almost annual basis in non-Winter Olympics years since 1955. These championships are shown for artificial tracks. See FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships for all natural track events that have taken place since 1979.
France at the 1936 Summer Olympics
France competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. 201 competitors, 190 men and 11 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.

It was notable for an incident during the opening ceremonies. During the March of the Nations (when each national team with its flag parades on the field), the entire French team gave a straight-arm salute as it passed the box of Adolf Hitler (head of state of the host country for that Olympics, Germany). The French flag was also dipped in such a way as to drag it in the dirt in front of Hitlers box. There was a storm of protest in France after the incident was reported there, and accusations were made that the French Olympic committee was pro-Nazi. The committee stated that the salute (resembling the salute of Germany's ruling Nazi party) was an 'Olympic salute' (similar to Roman salute), and that dipping the colors was a tradition. The incident is recorded in Leni Riefenstahl's 1938 film Olympia.

Flag dipping
To dip a flag that is being carried means to lower it by turning it forward from an upright position to 45° or horizontal. This is done as a sign of respect or deference. At sea, it is done by lowering to half-mast and returning to full mast position.

To dip the flag on a merchant vessel passing a naval vessel involves lowering the stern flag (the country flag) to the half-mast position and back to the truck as the vessels pass abeam of each other. The half-mast position in this case being one flag width from the truck as in the case of half mast. Some jurisdictions have laws that discourage or prohibit the dipping of the national flag, including India, the Philippines, South Africa, and the United States (with its non-binding flag code only allowing vessels to dip the ensign as a salute to other ships).