hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
My Shocking Story
My Shocking Story is a documentary television series originally broadcast in 2008 on Discovery Channel UK. It was broadcast by The Learning Channel in the United States, Discovery Channel Australia and Seven Network in Australia and Discovery Channel Italy in Italy. The series documents unusual or shocking medical ailments and conditions.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Marco Formentini (politician)
Marco Formentini (14 April 1930 – 2 January 2021) was an Italian politician from the Northern League, then for the Democrats and finally for The Daisy. During his youth, he was a member of the Italian Socialist Party.

After being a member first of the Italian (1992–1993), and then the European Parliament (1994–2004).

He was mayor of Milan from 1993 to 1997. He managed the Via Palestro massacre. In January 1997, he faced a public confrontation with Giorgio Strehler over the management of the Piccolo Teatro.

Elected for the second time to the European Parliament in 1999, he switched to Romano Prodi's Democrats soon after the election.

The Democrats (Italy)
The Democrats (Italian: I Democratici, Dem) was a centrist and social-liberal political party in Italy.

The party was launched in 1999 by Romano Prodi, a few months after his dismissal as Prime Minister and leader of The Olive Tree coalition. Three parties merged into The Democrats: the Democratic Union, Italy of Values and The Network. Also splinters from the Italian People's Party joined. In 2002 The Democrats were merged into Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy, which would be merged into the Democratic Party in 2007.
Seven the Hardway
Seven the Hardway is a US progressive rock band formed in 2009 consisting of Tony MacAlpine, Virgil Donati, Mark Boals, Doug Shreeve and Stefanía Daniel.

Their self-titled debut album, released in August 2010 on Mascot/Provogue Records, was mixed by Roy Z and mastered by Maor Appelbaum. It features artwork by Dale O’Dell but does not feature band members Shreeve and Daniel as MacAlpine recorded all the guitars and bass.

In January 2011, Nili Brosh joined the band replacing Stefania Daniel.

Roy Z
Roy Z Ramirez (born February 1968) is an American guitarist, songwriter and record producer, best known for his work with Bruce Dickinson (from Iron Maiden), Halford, and Judas Priest. He also is the founder of Tribe of Gypsies, a Latin-influenced hard rock band. Roy also helped write and produce the band Life After Death in 1996.
Olárizu
Olárizu is the name of a meadow area and hill in the province of Álava, Spain, in the outskirts of Vitoria-Gasteiz. The name was given originally to a now deserted village in the fourteenth century.

Olarizu meadows

Olarizu Lake

Since the nineteenth century, its fields have become popular as part  of a procession and festivity to honor the Virgin on the Monday after September 8.

42°49′32″N 2°39′38″W﻿ / ﻿42.82556°N 2.66056°W﻿ / 42.82556; -2.66056

Álava
Álava (Spanish: [ˈalaβa]) or Araba (Basque pronunciation: [aˈɾaba]), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

Its capital city, Vitoria-Gasteiz, is also the seat of the political main institutions of the Basque Autonomous Community. It borders the Basque provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa to the north, the community of La Rioja to the south, the province of Burgos (in the community of Castile and León) to the west and the community of Navarre to the east. The Enclave of Treviño, surrounded by Alavese territory, is however part of the province of Burgos, thus belonging to the autonomous community of Castile and León, not Álava.

It is the largest of the three provinces in the Basque Autonomous Community in geographical terms, with 3,037 km2, but also the least populated with 331,700 inhabitants (2019).
European Physical Journal A
The European Physical Journal A: Hadrons and Nuclei is an academic journal, recognized by the European Physical Society, presenting new and original research results in a variety of formats, including Regular Articles, Reviews, Tools for Experiment and Theory/Scientific Notes and Letters. 
Topics covered include:

Hadron Physics

Structure and Dynamics of Hadrons

Baryon and Meson Spectroscopy

Hadronic and Electroweak Interactions of Hadrons

Nonperturbative Approaches to QCD

Phenomenological Approaches to Hadron Physics

Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Structure and Reactions

Structure and function of nanostructures

Few-Body and Many-Body Systems

Heavy-Ion Physics

Hypernuclei

Radioactive Beams

Nuclear Astrophysics

European Physical Society
The European Physical Society (EPS) is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to promote physics and physicists in Europe through methods such as physics outreach, supporting physicists to engage in the design and implementation of European science policy, and advocating physics research. Formally established in 1968, its membership includes the national physical societies of 42 countries, and some 3200 individual members. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, the world's largest and oldest organisation of physicists, is a major member.
Bamutia Assembly constituency
Bamutia is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Tripura state in India. It is part of West Tripura district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes. It is also part of Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency).

Tripura Legislative Assembly
The Tripura Legislative Assembly or Tripura Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly. The present Assembly is located in Gurkhabasti. Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala served as the previous meeting place. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The present Assembly is the 13th Legislative Assembly, where the current speaker of the House is Biswa Bandhu Sen since 24 March 2023. On 15 August 1957, a Territorial Council was formed with 30 elected members and two members nominated by the Government of India.
Galician Democratic Candidacy
The Galician Democratic Candidacy (Galician: Candidatura Democrática Galega) was a centre-left, autonomist and galicianist electoral list in Galicia, contesting the 1977 Spanish Senate election in the constituencies of La Coruña, Orense and Pontevedra and the 1979 Spanish Senate election in Pontevedra.

Valentín Paz Andrade
Valentín Paz Andrade (b. Pontevedra, 23 April 1898 – Vigo, 19 May 1987) was a Galician lawyer, writer, politician, journalist, poet, businessman and economist.

Galician Literature Day is dedicated to him in 2012.
Panton Corbett
Panton Corbett (c. March 1785 – 22 November 1855) was an English Tory politician from Shropshire.

His family was a branch of the Norman Corbet family of Caus. Panton Corbett lived at Longnor Hall in Shropshire and Leighton Hall in Montgomeryshire.

He was elected at the 1820 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Shrewsbury, having contested the seat unsuccessfully at a by-election in May 1819. He was re-elected in 1826, but was defeated at the 1830 general election.

He was High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1849.

His oldest surviving son Edward Corbett (1817–1895) was MP for South Shropshire from 1868 to 1877.

1820 United Kingdom general election
The 1820 United Kingdom general election was held on 6 March 1820 to 14 April 1820, to elect members of the House of Commons, the lower house of Parliament. Triggered by the death of King George III, it produced the first parliament of the reign of his successor, King George IV. It was held shortly after the Radical War in Scotland and the Cato Street Conspiracy. In this atmosphere, the Tories under the Earl of Liverpool were able to win a substantial majority over the Whigs.

The sixth United Kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 29 February 1820. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 21 April 1820, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament before its term expired.
Islam and association football
Some association football players are Muslims, and their clubs have adapted to their principles. In addition association football is generally the most popular sport in the Arab world.

In July 2013, BBC journalist Rob Cowling remarked that Muslim players were changing the culture of English football. The Islamic observance of Ramadan, affects the ability of players to train and play, while some players have refused to wear football shirts sponsored by gambling and finance companies, as gambling and charging interest are prohibited in Islam.

Some Muslim players have been subjected to racist abuse in the sport, and clubs which sign Muslim players have also been targeted.

Papiss Cissé
Papiss Demba Cissé (French pronunciation: [sise]; born 3 June 1985) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Cheshire Veterans Football League side Wythenshawe Vets Over-35s.

Formerly of SC Freiburg, he once held the record of most goals scored by an African player in a single Bundesliga campaign – 22 in the 2010–11 season.

A full international for Senegal from 2009 to 2015, Cissé represented the country at the 2012 and 2015 Africa Cup of Nations.
Imider
Imider (Imiter) is a commune in the Tinghir Province of the Drâa-Tafilalet administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 3,936 people living in 507 households.

Imider is known for a big silver mine (the seventh biggest producer of silver in the world, and the biggest mine in Africa), exploited by SMI (Société Métallurgique d'Imiter), of which the Moroccan Royal family is the main shareholder. In 2012, the village organised sit-ins to reclaim a part of the wealth extracted from the region by the mine.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Bergin
Bergin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

James Bergin (1845-1880), Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross

John Daniel Bergin, New Zealand neurologist

Mary Bergin, Irish folk musician

Michael Bergin, American model

Osborn Bergin, Irish Celticist

Patricia Bergin, Australian judge

Patrick Bergin, Irish actor

Thomas Bergin, scholar translator

Thomas Fleming Bergin, Early railway engineer and manager

Eily Bergin, character in the Northern Irish film Breakfast on Pluto (2005) and the novel of the same name from which it is based

Thomas Fleming Bergin
Thomas Fleming Bergin (n/a - 1862) was an Irish civil engineer and early Irish railway official. He was the Company Clerk of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR), the first public railway in Ireland. He was also responsible for the design of the Bergin Patent Spring Buffer, the buffering system that it used.
Phoenix Gold Mine
The Phoenix Gold Mine is an  underground gold mine tour in Clear Creek County, Colorado that highlights geology, history, and hard-rock mining and extraction techniques for visitors. The tour also follows the remains of two gold veins. Since 1968, Phoenix Gold Mine has been family owned and operated.

Vein (geology)
In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.

Veins are classically thought of as being planar fractures in rocks, with the crystal growth occurring normal to the walls of the cavity, and the crystal protruding into open space. This certainly is the method for the formation of some veins. However, it is rare in geology for significant open space to remain open in large volumes of rock, especially several kilometers below the surface. Thus, there are two main mechanisms considered likely for the formation of veins: open-space filling and crack-seal growth.
Basil Bartlett
Sir Basil Hardington Bartlett, 2nd Baronet (15 September 1905 – 2 January 1985) was an actor, screenwriter and writer, and in the 1950s the head of the BBC's script department.

Barlett was a grandson of  the building contractor Sir Herbert Bartlett, who he succeeded as a baronet during his adolescence. He had a relatively brief career as a stage actor during the interwar period. He served as a captain in the British Army in the early phases of World War II, but he was wounded in the Battle of Dunkirk (1940). He later published his diary (journal) about his experiences from the battle. During his convalescence, Bartlett worked as screenwriter for several war films. After recovering from his injuries, he was seconded to the Intelligence Corps and served as the leader of an army-operated  kinematographic group.

Cinematograph
A cinematograph or kinematograph was an early motion picture film mechanism of various kinds. The name was used for movie cameras as well as film projectors, or for complete systems that also provided means to print films (such as the Cinématographe Lumière).
Borel distribution
The Borel distribution is a discrete probability distribution, arising in contexts including branching processes and queueing theory. It is named after the French mathematician Émile Borel.

If the number of offspring that an organism has is Poisson-distributed, and if the average number of offspring of each organism is no bigger than 1, then the descendants of each individual will ultimately become extinct.  The number of descendants that an individual ultimately has in that situation is a random variable distributed according to a Borel distribution.

Émile Borel
Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (French: [bɔʁɛl]; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability.
1973 Tyne and Wear County Council election
The 1973 Tyne and Wear County Council election was held on 12 April 1973 as part of the first elections to the new local authorities established by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales. 104 councillors were elected from 95 electoral divisions across the region's five boroughs. Each division returned either one or two county councillors each by First-past-the-post voting for a four-year term of office. The election took place ahead of the elections to the area's metropolitan borough councils, which followed on 10 May 1973.

1973 United Kingdom local elections
The first elections to the new local authorities established by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales and the new Northern Ireland district councils created by the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 took place in 1973. Elections to the existing Greater London Council also took place.
Christopher de Bellaigue
Christopher George Lowther de Bellaigue de Bughas (born 23 September 1971 in London) is a British author and journalist who is known for his long-form reporting and works of history.

De Bellaigue was formerly the correspondent for The Economist in Turkey and Iran. He also covered the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq for, among others, the New York Review of Books, Granta, The New Yorker, the London Review of Books, and Harper’s Magazine.

Since returning to the UK in 2007, he has written several books and held fellowships at the universities of Oxford, Harvard and St Andrews. In 2024 he founded the Lake District Book Festival.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Fist of Fun
Fist of Fun is a British comedy show, initially a BBC Radio 1 series in 1993 and then a BBC2 television series in 1995. It was written by and starred the comedians Stewart Lee and Richard Herring. Each episode of Fist of Fun consisted of disparate sketches, stand-up comedy segments, dialogues, and situations.

It was broadcast at 9:00 p.m. on Tuesday nights. The second series was aired on Friday nights. The show was not given a third series but Lee and Herring went on to create This Morning with Richard Not Judy, for BBC2.

Other comedians who appeared in the series went on to fame themselves, including the actor Kevin Eldon, Peter Baynham, Ronni Ancona, Alistair McGowan, Al Murray, Ant & Dec, John Thomson, Rebecca Front, Mel Giedroyc, Sue Perkins, Ben Moor and Sally Phillips.

Mel Giedroyc
Melanie Clare Sophie Giedroyc (/ˈɡɛdrɔɪtʃ/ GHED-roytch, Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡʲɛdrɔjt͡ɕ]; born 5 June 1968) is an English comedian, television presenter and actress.

With Sue Perkins, she has co-hosted series including Light Lunch for Channel 4, The Great British Bake Off for the BBC, and chat show Mel and Sue for ITV. Since 2015, she has held a number of commentating roles for the Eurovision Song Contest. In early 2017, Giedroyc co-presented the BBC show Let It Shine.
Alberta (Education) v Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright)
Alberta (Education) v Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright) [2012] 2 SCR 345, 2012 SCC 37 is a  Supreme Court of Canada case that considered whether the photocopying of textbook excerpts by teachers, on their own initiative, to distribute to students as part of course materials is fair dealing pursuant to the provisions of the Copyright Act. The Supreme Court, in a 5/4 split, concluded that the Copyright Board made several errors in its analysis of the "fairness factors". Thus, it allowed the appeal and remitted the matter back to the Copyright Board for reconsideration.

Copyright Act (Canada)
The Copyright Act (French: Loi sur le droit d’auteur) is the federal statute governing copyright law in Canada. It is jointly administered by the Department of Industry Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage. The Copyright Act was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988 and 1997. Several attempts were made between 2005 and 2011 to amend the Act, but each of the bills (Bill C-60 in 2005, Bill C-61 in 2008, and Bill C-32 in 2010) failed to pass due to political opposition. In 2011, with a majority in the House of Commons, the Conservative Party introduced Bill C-11, titled the Copyright Modernization Act. Bill C-11 was passed and received Royal Assent on June 29, 2012.
Ficus virens
Ficus virens is a semi-deciduous plant of the genus Ficus found in Pakistan, India, east and Southeast Asia, through Malaysia and into Northern Australia. Its common name is white fig; it is locally known as pilkhan and in the Kunwinjku language it is called manbornde. Like many figs, its fruits are edible. One of the most famous specimens of this tree is the Curtain Fig Tree of the Atherton Tableland, near Cairns, a popular tourist attraction. Another famous example is the Tree of Knowledge in Darwin.

Ficus virens var. sublanceolata occurs the subtropical rainforest of northeastern New South Wales, and south eastern Queensland in Australia.

Atherton Tableland
The Atherton Tableland is a fertile plateau, which is part of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland, Australia. It has very deep, rich basaltic soils and the main industry is agriculture. The principal river flowing across the plateau is the Barron River, which was dammed to form the irrigation reservoir named Lake Tinaroo.  Unlike many other rural areas, the Tablelands is experiencing a significant growth in population.
Salix humboldtiana
Salix humboldtiana, called Humboldt's willow, is a tree species of willow native to North and South America, growing along watercourses. Some authorities consider it a synonym of Salix chilensis, which Molina described in 1782. Willdenow described Salix humboldtiana in 1805.

Juan Ignacio Molina
Fr. Juan Ignacio Molina (Spanish pronunciation: [xwan iɣˈnasjo moˈlina]; (June 24, 1740 – September 12, 1829) was a Chilean-Spanish Jesuit priest, naturalist, historian, translator, geographer, botanist, ornithologist, and linguist. He is usually referred to as Abate Molina (Abbot Molina), and is also sometimes known by the Italian form of his name, Giovanni Ignazio Molina.

He was one of the precursors of the theory of the gradual evolution of species, 44 years before Darwin, who repeatedly quoted him in "The Origin of Species".

The standard author abbreviation Molina is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Bertya rotundifolia
Bertya rotundifolia, commonly known as Kangaroo Island bertya, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae and is endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. It is a monoecious, sometimes dioecious shrub, with egg-shaped or round leaves, and more or less sessile flowers borne singly in leaf axils.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.