hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Asian and African Studies
The Journal of Asian and African Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research in the fields of Asian and African studies. The journal's editor-in-chief is Nigel C. Gibson (Emerson College). It was established in 1966 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

African studies
African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's history (pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an "Africanist".

Africanists argue that there is a need to "deexoticize" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through an African lens.
Typhoons in the Korean Peninsula
The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula region located over Eastern Asia. Politically, the region is divided into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).

Climatologically, in the Northwest Pacific basin, most tropical cyclones tend to develop between May and October. Typhoons impacting this region are not uncommon, with the bulk of these storms doing so in the third quarter (July to September). This article includes any tropical cyclone of any intensity that affected the Korean Peninsula.

Typhoon Maysak (2020)
Typhoon Maysak, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Julian, was a deadly, damaging and powerful tropical cyclone that struck the Ryukyu Islands and the Korean Peninsula in early September 2020. The third typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Maysak formed from a tropical disturbance. The disturbance gradually organized, receiving the name Julian from PAGASA as it became a tropical depression. As the depression strengthened, the JMA subsequently named the system Maysak. Maysak rapidly intensified into a strong typhoon before weakening and making landfall in South Korea.

Maysak was the second of three typhoons to affect the Korean Peninsula within two weeks, the others being Bavi and Haishen. It was also responsible for the loss of a livestock carrier Gulf Livestock 1, that sank 100 nautical miles West off from Amami Ōshima, Japan on September 2, 2020, taking 41 out of the 43 crew members on board.
The Old Man (Perry novel)
The Old Man is a stand-alone thriller novel by Thomas Perry, published by the Mysterious Press imprint of Grove Atlantic in January 2017. A television adaptation of the same name starring Jeff Bridges aired on FX beginning June 2022.

Thomas Perry (author)
Thomas Edmund Perry (August 7, 1947 – September 15, 2025) was an American mystery and thriller novelist. He received a 1983 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best First Novel for The Butcher's Boy.
Joe Foglia
Joe Foglia is an American sound mixer. He has worked on both movies and albums, including Black Sabbath's Heaven and Hell. He began working in the film industry with the movie Miami Vice, which resulted in an Emmy nomination for sound mixing.

Since Miami Vice he has worked on multiple movies and television shows, including Scrubs, where he won an Emmy award for his work on "My Musical", and was nominated three times for an Emmy award for sound mixing on the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon.

Audio mixing
Audio mixing is the process by which multiple sounds are combined into one or more audio channels. In the process, a source's volume level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated or enhanced. This practical, aesthetic, or otherwise creative treatment is done in order to produce a finished version that is appealing to listeners.

Audio mixing is practiced for music, film, television and live sound. The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer operating a mixing console or digital audio workstation.
2016 Swedish Open – Men's doubles
Jérémy Chardy and Łukasz Kubot were the defending champions, but they chose to compete in Hamburg instead.

Marcel Granollers and David Marrero won the title, defeating Marcus Daniell and Marcelo Demoliner in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Marcelo Demoliner
Marcelo Fedrizzi Demoliner (born 18 January 1989) is a Brazilian professional tennis player, who specializes in doubles. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 34 in November 2017. Demoliner has won five doubles titles.

He won his first title at the ATP 250 Antalya Open with Santiago González in June 2018, after having reached six finals at that level. He was runner-up at the ATP 500 Vienna in 2018 and Saint Petersburg in 2020.

Alongside Maria José Martinez Sanchez, he was a mixed doubles semifinalist in 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open.
Flora of Malaysia
The Flora of Malaysia comprises a vast assemblage of plant species estimated to over 15,500 vascular plants. Malaysia boasts 8,019 species of seed plants: 19 species of Gymnosperms and 8,000 Angiosperms. Globally, Malaysia is ranked 14th in terms of species of vascular plants. The Flora of Malaysia consist of approximately 15,000 species of vascular plant. Peninsular Malaysia has around 8,200 species of vascular plants while places such as Sabah and Sarawak has around 12,000 species. Most Flora can be found in the dense rainforest of Malaysia.

Heliconia
Heliconia is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Heliconiaceae. Most of the 194 known species are native to the tropical Americas, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the western Pacific and Maluku in Indonesia. Many species of Heliconia are found in the tropical forests of these regions. Most species are listed as either vulnerable or data deficient by the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Several species are widely cultivated as ornamentals, and a few are naturalized in Florida, Gambia, and Thailand.

Common names for the genus include lobster-claws, toucan beak, wild plantain, or false bird-of-paradise; the last term refers to their close similarity to the bird-of-paradise flowers in the genus Strelitzia. Collectively, these plants are also simply referred to as "heliconias".

Heliconia originated in the Late Eocene (39 Ma) and are the oldest known clade of hummingbird-pollinated plants.
Sean Tindell
Sean Jeffrey Tindell  (born October 5, 1973) is an American lawyer serving as Mississippi Public Safety Commissioner appointed by Governor Tate Reeves. He was formerly a judge on the Mississippi Court of Appeals and a member of the Mississippi State Senate representing District 49 on the Mississippi Gulf Coast, covering parts of Biloxi and Gulfport.

Biloxi, Mississippi
Biloxi (/bɪˈlʌksi/ ⓘ bih-LUK-see; French: [bilusi]) is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. It lies on the Gulf Coast in southern Mississippi, bordering the city of Gulfport to its west. The adjacent cities are both designated as seats of Harrison County. The population of Biloxi was 49,449 at the 2020 census, making it the state's fourth-most populous city. It is a principal city of the Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area, home to 416,259 residents in 2020. The area's first European settlers were French colonists.

The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico. Keesler Air Force Base lies within the city and is home to the 81st Training Wing and the 403rd Wing of the U.S. Air Force Reserve.
Ken Francis
Ken Francis is a Canadian politician, who serves as the mayor of Kindersley, Saskatchewan.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in a by-election on March 1, 2018. He retired as an MLA in 2024. He represented the electoral district of Kindersley as a member of the Saskatchewan Party.

Francis was re-elected to a full term in the 2020 general election. On May 29, 2023, he announced he will not seek re-election in the next election, but remained as an MLA until the election in October 2024.

In November 2024, he was elected as the mayor of Kindersley.

Kindersley-Biggar
Kindersley-Biggar is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Created for the 9th Saskatchewan general election as Kerrobert-Kindersley, this constituency was renamed Kindersley for the 18th Saskatchewan general election in 1975 and Kindersley-Biggar for the 2024 general election.

The largest centre in the riding is the town of Kindersley (pop. 4,571). Other communities in the district include the towns of Kerrobert, Macklin, Eatonia, and Luseland; and the villages of Denzil, Marengo, Coleville, Tramping Lake, and Major.

For the 2024 election, the riding gained significant territory from Rosetown-Elrose and Biggar-Sask Valley centred around the town of Biggar, and lost a small area south of Kindersley to Cypress Hills. Accordingly, the riding will was renamed Kindersley-Biggar.
Kuningan LRT station
Kuningan LRT Station is a light rail station located in Jalan H.R. Rasuna Said, East Kuningan, Setiabudi, South Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station serves the Cibubur and Bekasi lines of the Jabodebek LRT system.

South Jakarta
South Jakarta (Indonesian: Jakarta Selatan; Betawi: Jakarté Bèludik) abbreviated as Jaksel, is one of the five administrative cities (kota administrasi) which form the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. South Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is not classified as a proper municipality. It had a population of 2,062,232 at the 2010 Census; the official estimate (for mid 2024) is 2,331,411 (comprising 1,163,740 males and 1,167,671 females), and it is the third most populous among the five administrative cities of Jakarta, after East Jakarta and West Jakarta. The administrative centre is at Kebayoran Baru.

South Jakarta is bounded by Central Jakarta to the north, East Jakarta to the east, Depok city to the south, West Jakarta to the northwest, and by Tangerang and South Tangerang cities to the west.
Rufus Ferrand Pelletier
Rufus Ferrand Pelletier (29 March 1824, in Carteret County, North Carolina – ?), was an early resident and principal founder of Jacksonville, North Carolina. Rufus was a grandson of the powerful Carteret County landowner and Revolutionary War veteran William Dennis Sr.

Pelletier moved to Onslow County and settled near Wantlands Ferry where he operated a turpentine distillery along with his brother William. In 1850, Rufus Pelletier constructed a one-roomed structure which survives today, known as Pelletier House.  On August 2, 1863 he wed Joana Hines, and together they raised a daughter, Eliza.

Pelletier served as Jacksonville's Postmaster from 1856 until the start of the American Civil War, at which time his brother took over. He then resumed his role as postmaster from 1873 to 1879, resigning to serve as the magistrate of Onslow County. According to local legend, he conducted wedding ceremonies in his home, even though the county courthouse was less than 100 yards (91 m) away.

Onslow County, North Carolina
Onslow County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 204,576. Its county seat is Jacksonville. The county was created in 1734 as Onslow Precinct and gained county status in 1739. Onslow County comprises the Jacksonville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area. The southern border of the county is the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
4C 20.04A
4C 20.04A or simply known as 4C 20.04, is a radio galaxy located in the constellation of Pisces. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.103 and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source by astronomers in 1959. This object is known to contain a wide-angle tailed (WAT) source and is located inside the central subcluster region called Abell 98S, which in turn makes up the galaxy cluster, Abell 98.

Astronomical radio source
An astronomical radio source is an object in outer space that emits strong radio waves. Radio emission comes from a wide variety of sources. Such objects are among the most extreme and energetic physical processes in the universe.
AN/SPS-52
The AN/SPS-52 is a United States Navy long-range air search 3D radar that is capable of providing contact bearing, range and altitude. It was used on Baleares and Brooke-class frigates, Charles F. Adams and Hatakaze-class destroyers, Tarawa and Wasp-class amphibious assault ships, Galveston,  and Providence-class cruisers and other ships. It was replaced by the AN/SPS-48 on newer ships and ships that received upgrades. The antenna is mechanically rotated for azimuth but electronically scanned for elevation.

In accordance with the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), the "AN/SPS-52" designation represents the 52nd design of an Army-Navy electronic device for surface ship search radar system. The JETDS system also now is used to name all Department of Defense electronic systems.

Hatakaze-class destroyer
The Hatakaze-class of guided-missile destroyers is a third generation class of vessels in service with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). They were the first of the JMSDF's ships to have gas-turbine propulsion.

The core weapon suite of the class is similar to that of the preceding Tachikaze class, but various improvements were made in many areas. Most notable are those that allow the Hatakaze-class to function as a group flagship. Normally, this duty resides with a larger type of ship, but, in case of their absence due to repairs, accident, or battle damage, the Hatakaze design allows for it to function as a command ship.

Hatakaze destroyers operate the OYQ-4-1 type tactical control system. Its weapon systems include the Standard missile surface-to-air missile, anti-submarine rockets, the RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missile, two Mark 15 20 mm CIWS gun mounts, two torpedo mounts in a triple tube configuration, and two 5 inch/54 caliber Mark 42 rapid-fire guns.
Robert Braithwaite (bryologist)
Robert Braithwaite FLS FRMS (10 May 1824 – 20 October 1917) was an English bryologist. He worked professionally as a general practitioner. He married  Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, who influenced him. His best known contributions to bryology were his 3-volume The British Moss-Flora (1887–1905). He served as President of the Quekett Microscopical Club from 1872 to 1873. In 1877 Braithwaite edited the exsiccata-like series Sphagnaceae Britannicae exsiccatae, edidit R. Braithwaite.

He was honoured in Braithwaitea Lindb. in 1872 (from the Hypnodendraceae family) which was published in Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. Vol.10: on page 250 in 1872.

Bryology
Bryology (from Greek bryon, a moss, a liverwort) is the branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts). Bryologists are botanists who have an active interest in observing, recording, classifying or researching bryophytes. The field is often studied along with lichenology due to the similar appearance and ecological niche of the two organisms, even though bryophytes and lichens are not classified in the same kingdom.
Radstube
Radstube means something like "wheelhouse" or "wheel room" and is the German mining term for a surface or underground structure designed to house a water wheel in order to drive a flatrod system.

The fast-developing mining industry in Europe in the Middle Ages led to big increases in the quantities of materials used, mineshafts being sunk to ever increasing depths and, in particular, sharply rising demands on the water management of mines, all of which required suitable sources of power. One option for fulfilling these requirements was hydropower and the construction of water wheels. These were enclosed in buildings, or Radstuben, to protect them from the weather. The name Radstube was later also applied to underground chambers designed to accommodate a water wheel.

The installation of underground Radstuben was particularly difficult and expensive.

Teufe
Teufe is the German mining term for depth. The Teufe (hT) indicates how deep a given point lies below the surface of an open-cast pit or below the ground level in the area surrounding the pit. By contrast, the height, h, refers to its distance from a reference surface 'above'. The vertical distance between the surface and a point in the mine (Grubengebäude), i.e. the vertical depth, was formerly also called the Seigerteufe. This difference is no longer made today. The terms Teufe and Seigerteufe are synonymous.
Jan Procházka (orienteer)
Jan Procházka (born 11 September 1984) is a Czech orienteering competitor and world champion. He won a gold medal in the relay at the 2012 World Orienteering Championships in Lausanne, together with Tomáš Dlabaja and Jan Šedivý. He runs for Finnish club Kalevan Rasti.

Prochazka has also won silver at the 2004 JWOC Relay and the European Orienteering Championships relay 10 years later.

European Orienteering Championships
The European Orienteering Championships were first held in 1962. They have been held biennially since 2000 and have been included in the Orienteering World Cup. From 2020, the European Orienteering Championships are held annually, with sprint events and forest events in alternate years.
Northern dwarf tree frog
The northern dwarf tree frog (Litoria bicolor) is a small species of tree frog native to northern Australia, from the Kimberly region of Western Australia to Bowen, Queensland, and Aru Islands of Indonesia.

These small frogs are also commonly called sedge frogs.

The population occurring in Indonesia may not be L. bicolor, and research on call structure or genetics is needed to confirm its taxonomic status.

Tree frog
A tree frog (or treefrog) is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state. Several lineages of frogs among the Neobatrachia suborder have given rise to treefrogs, although they are not closely related to each other.

Millions of years of convergent evolution have resulted in very similar morphology even in species that are not very closely related.
Furthermore, tree frogs in seasonally arid environments have adapted an extra-epidermal layer of lipid and mucus as an evolutionary convergent response to accommodate the periodic dehydration stress.
Capuchin monkey
The capuchin monkeys (/ˈkæp(j)ʊtʃɪn, -ʃɪn/) are New World monkeys of the subfamily Cebinae. They are readily identified as the "organ grinder" monkey, and have been used in many movies and television shows. The range of capuchin monkeys includes some tropical forests in Central America and South America as far south as northern Argentina. In Central America, where they are called white-faced monkeys ("carablanca"), they usually occupy the wet lowland forests on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama and deciduous dry forest on the Pacific coast.

Capuchins have the largest brain-to-body ratio of any nonhuman primate, as well as complex brain wiring. Their neural complexity is likely related to their sociality and foraging skills. Capuchins have evolved skills to access food that other monkeys cannot — and to mentally map food sources in their territories.

Geography of Panama
Panama is a country located in Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica. Panama is located on the narrow and low Isthmus of Panama.

This S-shaped isthmus is situated between 7° and 10° north latitude and 77° and 83° west longitude. Panama encompasses approximately 75,417 km2 (29,119 sq mi). It is 772 km (480 mi) long, and between 60 and 177 kilometers (37 and 110 miles) wide.
Shamir Tandon
Shamir Tandon is an Indian music composer and director who works in Indian cinema. He made his debut as a Music Director with Raveena Tandon's 'Stumped' in 2003. He is known for the movies like Page 3, Traffic Signal, Inkaar, Bal Ganesh, Mission Istaanbul and Corporate. He has made singers like Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Jagjit Singh and Manna Dey sing to his tunes. He also written and composed music for Sachin Tendulkar's singing debut in 2017 with the 'Cricket Wali Beat' song in collaboration with singer Sonu Nigam. He is also the founding managing director at 'Music Boutique' He has created an anti-piracy song titled 'Salaami ho jaye' to spread awareness about intellectual property rights which was released on the occasion of World Intellectual Day.

Stumped (film)
Stumped is a 2003 Indian sports drama film written and directed by Gaurav Pandey  and produced by Raveena Tandon. This film marks Tandon's first film as producer.  Cricket player Sachin Tendulkar and actor Salman Khan made cameo appearances in the film.

Despite a notable promotional campaign, the film had little impact after its release.
Lucien Jottrand
Lucien Leopold Joseph Jottrand (Genappe, 31 January 1804 – Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, 17 December 1877) was a Walloon-Belgian lawyer, politician, progressive flamingant and Pan-Netherlander. He was a member of the National Congress of Belgium shortly after the de facto independence of Belgium and held a unique position in the young Flemish Movement.

National Congress of Belgium
The National Congress (French: Congrès national, Dutch: Nationaal Congres) was a temporary legislative assembly in Belgium, convened in 1830 in the aftermath of the Belgian Revolution. Its purpose was to devise a national constitution for the new state, whose independence had been proclaimed on 4 October 1830 by the self-declared Provisional Government.
Vom Bordstein bis zur Skyline
Vom Bordstein bis zur Skyline ("From the Curb to the Skyline") is the debut studio album by German rapper Bushido. It was released on 14 July 2003 by independent label Aggro Berlin. The album was later banned for minors by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons due to its controversial lyrics. It was produced by Bushido and DJ Ilan and reached number 88 in the German Media Control Charts.

Federal Agency for Child and Youth Protection in the Media
The Federal Agency for Child and Youth Protection in the Media (German: Bundeszentrale für Kinder- und Jugendmedienschutz or BzKJ), known until 2021 as the Federal Review Board for Media Harmful to Young Persons (German: Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien or BPjM), is a German federal agency which examines media and creative works for content that is considered potentially harmful to young people. Based in Bonn, it is part of the Federal Ministry for Education, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.

The agency maintains a list of published media deemed harmful to children. When a piece meets certain criteria, it is indexed and the sale and advertisement of such pieces may be restricted in addition to other legal consequences.
The Telegraph (India)
The Telegraph is an Indian English daily newspaper founded and continuously published in Kolkata since 7 July 1982. It is published by the ABP Group and  competes with the middle-market newspaper The Times of India. The newspaper is the eighth most-widely read English language newspaper in India, as per Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2019.

The Telegraph has three editions, published from Kolkata, South Bengal and North Bengal.

South Bengal
South Bengal (Bengali: দক্ষিণবঙ্গ/দক্ষিণ বাংলা) is a term used for the southern parts of Bengal including Southern Bangladesh and Southern West Bengal, state in India.

The Bangladesh part denotes the Khulna Division, Faridpur Division and Barisal Division. The West Bengal part denotes the Presidency Division, Burdwan Division, Medinipur Division and Murshidabad district of Malda Division. Bay of Bengal is located at the end of southern part of Bangladesh and West Bengal.